Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from BHL-SIL-FEDLINK https://archive.org/details/queenslandflora4190bail THE QUEENSLAND FLORA: BY F. MANSON BAILEY, F.L.S., COLONIAL BOTANIST OF QUEENSLAND. WITH PLATES ILLUSTRATING SOME RARE SPECIES. PART IV HYGROPHYLLACEM TO ELM A GNA CEM ur.K AX? NKW YORK BOTANICAL uakdhc*. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF’ THE QUEENSLAND GOVERNMENT. QUEENSLAND PRINTED BY H. J. DIDDAMS & CO., ADELAIDE STREET, BRISBANE. 19 0 1 • D'iV? t<.|t H. .7. D1DDAMS CO., PRINTERS, ADELAIDE STREET, BRISBANE. LIST OF PLATES (Continued). To face page- Plate XLIV.— Bsea hygroscopica .. .. ... .. .. .. 1131 Plate XLV. — Tecoma australis var. linearis .. .. .. . . .. 1134 Plate XLVI. — Nepenthes Kennedyana ... .. .. .. .. ... 1278 Plate XLVII. — Nepenthes Bernaysii .. .. .. ... .. .. 1278 Plate XLVIII. — Nepenthes albo-lineata. . .. ... .. .. .. 1279 Plate XLIX. — Nepenthes Moovei . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279 Plate L. — Nepenthes Jardinei .. .. ... ... .. .. .. 1279 Plate LI. — Nepenthes Rowan* .. ... ... .. .. .. 1280 Plate LII. — Nepenthes Alicse ... .. ... .. .. .. .. 1280 Plate LIII. — Nepenthes Cholmondeleyi . . .. .. ... .. .. 1281 Plate LIV, — Cryptocarya .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 1302 C. Palmerstoni C. graveolens C. ISancvofti C. oblata A leaf and fruit of each. Plate LV. — Endiandra .. .. .. .. .. .. ••• 1307 E. Tooram E. insignis E. Lowiana E. Sankeyana A leaf and fruit of each. Plate LVI. — Petrophila Shirleyte .. .. .. ••• •• 1320 Plate LVII.— Macadamia .. .. .. .. • 1330 M. ternifolia M. Whelani M. preealta A leaf and fruit of each. Plate LVIII. — Grevillea pinuatifida ... ... .. •• •• •• 1343 Plate LIX. — Hakea Ivoryi .. ... .. .. •• •• •• 1346 Plate LX. -Buckinghamia eelsissima . . . . . . • • • • • • 1352 Plate LXI. — Pimelea hsematostachya . . . . . . • • • • • • 1365 CONTENTS Conspectus of the Orders Paoe •Order LXXXIII. Hygrophyllace® • • . . • • 1034 LXXXIV. Boragine® .. • • 1035 LXXXV. Convolvulace® 1052 LXXXVI. Solanace® . . 1076 LXXXV1I. Scropbularine® • . ... 1098 LXXXVIII. Lentibularie® . . 1124 LXXXIX. Orobanchace® 1129 XC. Gesnerace® , , 1130 XCI. Bignoniace® 1133 XCII. Pedaline®.. 1137 XCI II. Acanthace® 1140 XCIV. Myopoiine® . . 1153 xcv. Verbenace® 1164 XCVI. Labiat®.. , . 1185 XCVII. Plantagine® • # 1209 XCVIII. Nyctagine® 1211 XCIX. Illecebrace* .. 1215 c. Amarantace® 1217 Cl. Chenopodiace® , , 1237 CII. Phytolaccace® 1265 cm. Polygonace® . . 1269 CIV. Podostemace® 1277 cv. Nepenthaee® . . 1277 CVI. Aristolochiace® . # 1281 evil. Piperace® . . 1282 ■CVIII. Myristice®.. 1286 CIX. Monimiace® 1287 ex. Laurine® . . • . 1296 CXI. Proteaee® . . m m 1316 CXII. Thymelitace® , , # # 1361 ■CXIII. EI®agnacere • • 1371 Lii'i .< AlO NEW BOTANICAL uakdbn 'll HK UUKKNSI,AN[) FLORA. Class I. DICOTYLEDONS. SUBCLASS II. GAMOPETAL/E ok MONOPET AL^. Skkies III. Bicarpellat.e (continued). Alliance VIZI. Polemoniales. -Corolla regular. Stamens as many a< corolla- lobes. Leaves most frequently alternate. LXXXIII. Hydrophyllace/E. Herbs or rarely undershrubs. Leaves alternate or the lower ones opposite. Flowers regular in unilateral racemes or cymes. Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them. Anthers free. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentas or rarely 2-celled. Styles or style-branches 2. Fruit a capsule. Seeds albuminous. LXXXIV. Boragine.®. Herbs usually coarsely hirsute or, in drupaceous genera, trees or shrubs. Leaves mostly alternate. Flowers regular in cymes or unilateral racemes. Stamens as many as eorollla-lobes and alternate with them, or very rarely fewer. Ovary 2 or 4-celled with 1 ovule in each cell, or 2-celled with 2 parallel ovules in each cell. Style single, entire or forked. Fruit a drupe, or dry and separating into 2 or 4 nuts. Seeds with little or no albumen. LXXXV. Convolvulace^l. Twiners, or rarely erect herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular, usually axillary. Corolla-limb folded in the bud. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla-lobes or angles. Ovary of 2 to 4 cells or carpels, with 1 or 2 erect ovules in each Style single and entire, or 2 branched or 2 distinct styles. Fruit capsular or succulent and indehiscent. Seeds with little or no albumen. Cotyledons very much folded (or inconspicuous in Cuscuta). LXXXVI. Solanace/e. Herbs or soft-wooded trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers regular or nearly so. Corolla-lobes folded, or rarely imbricate in the bud. Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them. Ovary 2-celled or spuriously 4-celled (rarely 3 or 4-celled), with several ovules in each cell. Style single. Fruit a berry or a capsule. Seeds albuminous, the embryo usually curved or annular. Alliance IX. Personales. — Corolla frequently irregular or oblique. The fifth stamen less than the rest, or often abortive or wholly wanting. Carpels of ovary many-ovulate or superposed 2-ovulate. LXXXVII. ScROPHULAKrNE/E. Herbs, or rarely shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate or — ^ opposite. Flowers irregular, with the corolla-lobes bilabiate or imbricate in the bud or rarely ry nearly regular with the corolla- lobes folded. Perfect stamens 4 in pairs or 2, the fifth rudi- mentary or wanting or very rarely perfect. Ovary 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell. Fruit a capsule or very rarely a berry. Seeds albuminous; embryo usually straight. LXXXVIII Lentirulariea:. Herbs, either aquatic with floating capillary-divided leaves or 3NJ terrestrial with radical or without any leaves. Flowers irregular, the corolla 2-lipped. Stamens . 2 ; anthers 1-celled. Ovary 1-celled, with peltate ovules inserted on a free central placenta. Fruit a capsule. Seeds small, without albumen. ) LXXXIX. Okoranchaceaj. Leafless herbs, not green, parasites on roots. Flowers irregular. Stamens 4, in pairs; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 1-celled, with 2 or 4 parietal placentas and very numerous ovules. Fruit capsular. Seeds albuminous Part IV. B 1032 DICOTYLEDONS. XC. Cjksn kracs.a . Herbs or, when shrubby, often epiphytical or climbing, rarely erect shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers usually irregular. Perfect stamens 4 in pairs, or rarely 2 only. Ovary i-eelled, with 2 parietal placentas and numerous ovules. Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds with or without albumen. XCI. Bignoniack.k. Woody climbers, trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, often compound. Flowers irregular. Perfect stamens 4 in pairs, or 2 only. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 distinct and sometimes distant placentas on the dissepiment in each cell ; ovules usually numerous. Fruit a capsule, usually long and narrow. Seeds winged, without albumen XCII Pkdaijnejk. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Flowers irregular. Perfect stamens 4. in pairs, or rarely 2 only. Ovary composed of 2 rarely 3 or 4 carpels, but divided (at least after flowering) into twice as many cells by spurious dissepiments. Ovules 2 or more, or rarely 1 only in each spurious cell (half-cell). Fruit hard and indehiscent or capsular. Seeds without albumen. XCIII. A< ANTiiAi E.i:. Herbs or shrubs, rarely twiners. Leaves opposite. Flowers more or less irregular. Perfect stamens 4 in pairs, or 2 only. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 or more super- posed ovules in each cell. Fruit a capsule opening elastically in 2 valves. Seeds without albumen, usually subtended by hooked or rarely cup-shaped or minute retinacula. Alliance X. Lamiales. — Corolla frequently irregular or oblique. The fifth stamen less than the rest, or often abortive or wholly wanting. Ovary of 1 ovulate carpels, or ovules 2. collateral. XCIV. Mvopohine.e. Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate. Stamens usually 4, in pairs : anthers when open reniform and 1-celled by continence. Ovary not lobed, the style terminal. Micropyle and radicle superior. XCV. Vkrbenace.e. Herbs shrubs or'trees. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate. Stamens 2 or 4, in pairs, or ra:ely equal and isomerous with the corolla-lobes; anthers 2-celled. Ovary not at all or scarcely lobed, the style terminal. Micropyle and radicle inferior. XCVI. Labiate. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite. Stamens 2 or 4, in pairs; antheis 2-celled or 1-celled by abortion or by confluence. Ovary deeply lobed, fhe style nearly basal between the lobes. Micropyle and radicle inferior. [Anomalous Order.] xevn. Pi.antagin k.e. Herbs. Leaves radical or tufted, rarely scattered. Flowers regular, the corolla with 4 spreading scarious lobes. Stamens 4 or fewer, equal; anthers 2 celled. Ovary not lobed. with a terminal style. Seeds peltate. SUBCLASS III. MONOCHLAMYDE.E. Perianth really or apparently simple, the lobes or segments all calyeine or herbaceous, or all petal-like or scarious, or entirely wanting (rarely petals or petal-like staminodia in a few Enphorbiacea or Phytolaccaecte). Series 1. Curvembrye.e. — Seeds with often a farinaceous albumen ; embryo curved excentric lateral or peripheric, rarely somewhat straight subcentric and narrow. Ovule 1 in the ovary or in each carpel or, in a few Arnarantacei b, more erect in the centre of the cell. Flowers hermaphrodite or, in a few genera, unisexual or polygamous. Petals very rare. Stamens the same number as lobes of perianth or less, rarely more. XCVIII. Nyctagink.k. Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves usually opposite, without stipules. Lower portion of the perianth persistent and enclosing the ovary and fruit, the upper portion deciduous or withering. Ovary 1-celled, with 1 ovule and an undivided style. XCIX. Lllkckrrack.e. Perianth herbaceous or margins scarious, persistent. Stamens perigynous. Ovary 1-celled. Style-branches or styles 2 to 3. Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves generally opposite. Stipules scarious. C. Amarantace.e. Perianth never herbaceous, bracts and bracteoles 2-stipitate. Stamens hypogy nous or perigynous ; filaments connate at the base. Ovary 1-celled; style simple or 2 to 3-fid. Utricle indehiscent or irregularly ruptured or circumscissile. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, without stipules. DICOTYLEDONS. 1033 Cl. Chenopodiack.e. Herbs or shrubs, often succulent or scaly-toment.ose. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, without stipules. Perianth usually herbaceous. Ovary (of 2 or 3 carpels) 1-celled, with 2 or 3 styles or style-branches and only 1 ovule. C1I. Phytolaccace.k. Herbs shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate without stipules. Ovules 1 in each carpel. CIIJ. Polygonace.e. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, stipules usually thin or scarious forming a sheath or ring round the stem Ovary (of 2 or 3 carpels) 1-celled, with 2 or 3 styles or style-branches and only 1 ovule. Series II. Multiovueat.e Aquatic-e. — Immersed herbs. Ovary a syncarp, ■each cell or placenta with numerous ovules. CIV. Podostemaceaj. Herbs with thalliform or cauliform base, adhering to inundated rocks. Leaves or fronds, bryoid or algiform. Perianth small thin or wanting. Stamens various. Ovary superior, cells or placentas 2 to 3. Seeds exalbuminous. Series III. Multiovulat.e Terrestres. — Herbs or shrubs. Ovary a syncarp, each cell or placenta with numerous ovules. CV Nepenthace.e. Flowers dioecious. Ovary superior, 3 or 4-celled, with many ovules in each cell. Seeds albuminous. Shrubs often scandent. Leaves terminating in pitchers. CVI. Aristolochiaok.e. Flowers hermaphrodite Perianth with an oblique or valvately lobed limb. Stamens round the base of the style. Ovary inferior, 3 to fi-celled, with several ovules in each cell. Seeds albuminous. Herbs or climbers. Series IV. Micrembrye.e.— Ovary a syncarp monocarp or apocarp ; ovules in each carpel solitary or rarely 2 or few. Seeds with copious fleshy albumen or (in Piperncea) farinaceous ; embryo very small, very rarely (in a few Monimiacrtr ) bigger. CVII. Pipeuace.e. Perianth none besides small bracts. bract 1 under each flower. Flowers in spikes racemes or heads, hermaphrodite or unisexual. Herbs shrubs or trees, with articulate branches and flat leaves. CVIII. Myristice;e. Trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers dioecious. Perianth-lobes I-seriate, valvate. Stamens united in a central column. Carpel 1. Rmbryo very small at the base of a ruminate albumen. CIX. Monimiaceje. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite. Perianth-lobes in 2 or more rows. Stamens opposite the perianth-lobes or indefinite. Carpels usually several. Embryo very ■small, in a fleshy albumen. Series V. Daphnales. — Ovary a monocarp, very rarely a syncarp ; cells 2 to 4 ; ovules in ovary or each cell solitary or 2 collateral, very rarely a few super- posed. Trees or shrubs very rarely herbs. Flowers often hermaphrodite. Perfect perianth often calycine, lobes 1 to 2-seriate. Stamens perigynous, of equal number to the lobes or sometimes fewer. CX. Laurine.e. Trees or shrubs with alternate or rarely opposite leaves or (in Cassytha) leafless parasitical twiners Perianth-segments usually in 2 rows. Stamens opposite the perianth-segments; anther-cells opening in deciduous valves. Carpel 1. Fruit succulent. Albumen none. Radicle superior. CXI. Proteace;e. Trees or shrubs rarely undershrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite. Perianth-segments 4, valvate. Stamens opposite the perianth-segments and inserted on them. Carpel 1. Albumen none. Radicle inferior. CXII. Thymel.eace.e. Shrubs trees or rarely herbs, with a stringy bark. Flowers her- maphrodite or rarely dioecious. Ovary free but enclosed within the base of the perianth, 1 rarely 2-eelled, with 1 ovule in each cell Ovule pendulous. CXIII. Ee.eagnacea?. Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing ; the indumentum consisting of stellate or peltate scales. Flowers hermaphrodite or dioecious Ovary 1-celled. with 1 erect anatropous ovule 1084 LXXXI1 I . H V I )KOPH YLLACE M. Order LXXXIII. HYDROPHYLLACEjE. (Hydrophyllacese and Hydroleace®, D.C.) Flowers regular. Calyx free, of 5 divisions. Corolla with a short or rarely elongated tube, and 5 spreading lobes, imbricate and sometimes contorted in the bud. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the corolla-tube and alternating with its lobes ; anthers 2-celled, the cells opening in longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, entire, either 1-celled with two parietal or free placentas or rarely 2-celled with the placentas on the dissepiment ; style terminal, bifid or divided to the base into 2 distinct styles ; stigmas obtuse or capitate ; ovules numerous or rarely reduced to 2 to each placenta and then laterally attached. Fruit a capsule, opening in 2 valves, the margins alternating with the placentas or rarely opposite the dissepiment. Seeds with a thin usually reticulate testa, and copious fleshy albumen. Embryo straight, usually small and distant from the hilum. — Herbs or rarely undershrubs, often hispid. Leaves alternate or rarely the lower ones opposite, entire lobed or divided. Flowers usually blue or white, in one-sided spikes or racemes, often rolled back when young and sometimes branching into dichotomous cymes, as in Boraginea, or forming small and compact cymes or clusters. Bracts usually present under the pedicels and often leaf-like ; bracteoles rarely present. A small Order, chiefly American. The only Australian genus is also American, but extends into tropical Asia and Africa, and differs from the remainder of the Order in its completely 2-celled ovary and capsule, and in the septifragal dehiscence of the latter. — Benth. 1. HYDROLEA, Linn. (From hydor, water, and elaia, oil ; alluding to the habitat and nature of the plants.) Calyx divided nearly to the base. Corolla almost rotate, with a very short tube. Ovary 2-celled, with very numerous ovules in each cell on a broad spongy placenta attached along the central line to the dissepiment. Styles 2. Capsule opening in 2 valves parallel to the dissepiment. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers blue, usually in short and compact racemes or cymes. A genus of few species, all apparently American, including the 2 Australian ones. Annual, glabrous or nearly so, without spines 1. if. zeylanica. Perennial, glandular-pubescent and hirsute, armed with axillary spines . .2 .if. spinosa. 1. H. zeylanica (a Ceylon plant), Vald ; Chois, in DC. Prod. - x. 180; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 382. Said to be always annual, but the stems creep and root at the base often to a considerable length, ascending to about 1ft., the whole plant quite glabrous or the inflorescence and calyxes hispid with a few hairs. Leaves lanceolate, entire, narrowed at the base and sometimes shortly petiolate, mostly li to 2Hn. long. Flowers in rather compact simple or branched racemes or cymes in the upper axils, usually shorter than the leaves or the upper ones forming a terminal panicle. Bracts small and narrow. Calyx-segments lanceolate, striate, about 3 lines long. Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx, divided to about the middle into broad lobes. Stamens and styles shorter than the corolla ; anthers sagittate. Capsule membranous, shorter than the calyx. Seeds very small and numerous. — Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 193 t. 26; Wight, 111. t. 107 ; Ic. PI. t. 001 ; Rheede, Hort. Mai. x. 28. Hub.: Gulf of Carpentaria, b'. v. Mueller. Abundant in tropical Asia and Africa, less so in tropical America 2. Ii. spinosa (plant spiny), Linn.; Chois, in DC. Prod. x. 181 ; Benth. hi. Austr. iv. 383. An erect perennial or undershrub of 1 to 2ft., glandular- pubescent and hispid with spreading hairs, more or less viscid and armed with axillary spreading spines of J- to Hn. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, Hydrolea. LXXX11I. HYJ)ROPHYLLACEyE. 1085 acute, contracted into a short petiole, from under lin. to about 2in. long. Flowers larger than in H. zeylanica, in compact leafy cymes terminating the stems and upper branchlets. Calyx-segments narrow-lanceolate, acuminate, above 3 lines long. Corolla exceeding the calyx, divided to about the middle into broad lobes. Stamens and styles rather long; anthers lobed at both ends. Ovary, capsule, and seeds of //. zeylanira. — Bot. Reg. t. 56G. Hab.: Cape York, Darnel. Very abundant in tropical America. Order LXXX1Y. BORAGINEJE. Flowers regular or nearly so. Calyx free, of 5 rarely 4 or 6 or more divisions or teeth or rarely irregularly split. Corolla with a long or short tube, and 5 rarely 4 or 6 or more lobes, imbricate or induplicate in the bud. Stamens as many as corolla-lobes or very rarely fewer, inserted in the corolla-tube and alternate with its lobes ; anthers 2-celled, the cells opening in longitudinal slits or rarely in terminal pores. Ovary superior, entire or 4-lobed rarely 2-lobed, either 4 or 2-celled with 1 ovule in each cell or 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell (in all cases formed of 2 carpels) ; style terminal or inserted between the lobes; ovules laterally attached, ascending or pendulous. Fruit either a drupe with the endocarp entire or separating into 2 carpels or 4 pyrenes, or dry and separating into 4 rarely 2 nuts. Seed with a thin testa; albumen none or scanty ; embryo straight ; cotyledons flat and rather thick or rarely folded ; radicle short. — Herbs, usually rough with coarse hairs, or in the drupaceous genera sometimes trees or shrubs with a softer indumentum or glabrous. Leaves alternate or very rarely opposite, usually undivided, entire or toothed, very rarely deeply lobed. Flowers in one-sided spikes or racemes, rolled back when young and often forked or dichotomous or rarely in irregularly- branched panicles or solitary. Bracts often not immediately subtending the pedicels and sometimes entirely wanting ; bracteoles very rarely present. A considerable Order, the herbaceous genera chiefly spread over the northern hemisphere with a very few tropical or southern species ; the frutescent drupaceous genera chiefly tropical in the New as well as the Old World. Tribe I. Cordieae. — Tree* or shrub s. Style terminal on the entire ovary, twice bipartite. Drupe A — 1 -seeded ; albumen none : cotyledons plicate longitudinally . Calyx-teeth very short, irregular 1. Coddia. Tribe II. Ehretieas. — Style terminal on the entire ovary, simplt . bipartite or styles 2. Drupe with 2 2 -celled or 4 1 -celled pyrenes, or of 1 — 1 nuts. Trees or shrubs. Style 2-fid .2. Eiirktia. Prostrate herbs. Styles 2 . . 3. Coi.dbnia. Style simple, filiform. Fruit separable into 2 2-celled carpels. Anther- points straight 4. Halgania. Tribe III. Heliotropieae. — Style terminal on the entire ovary, depressed-conic at the apex, or with a horizontal ring below the stigmas. Fruit as of Eh retieae. Shrubs, often scandent. Style short, shortly 2-lobed 5. Tournefortia. Herbs. Style dilated at tbe apex or above the base 6. Hei.iotropjiim. Tribe IV. Boragfea?. — Herbs. Style simple or bitid, rising from between the ovary-lobes t except in Triehodesma). Nuts 4, rarely 3 — 1 by suppression. Albumen none. Subtribe I. Cynog losses. — Nuts attached to a convex or conical carpophore, scar continued to the apex of the nuts which are often depressed, produced, or saccate at the base. * Fruiting -calyx enlarged, enclosing the tints. Anthers conically eonnivent, lanceolate, subexserted 7. Triohomcsma. **Nuts depressed, their bases produced downwards. Stamens included. Nuts obovoid, glochidiate 8. Cvnoueossuii. ’ "Nuts connate, forming a pyramidal fruit, margined, hardly produced downwards. Racemes bracteate. Margins of the nuts glochidiate. scarcely veflexed . f). Echinospekjutm. 1036 LXXXIV. BORAGINEiE. Suktkihk II. Eritrichieze. —Nuts attached to a convex or conical carpophore, near in the middle or lower half of the nuts which are not depressed at the base bvt arc produced at the apex above the scar, free round the base of the style. "Scar in the basal half of the nut. iiacemes ebracteate. Nuts 4 10. Ehituichiom. Racemes bracteate. Nuts 2. 1-seeded . ‘ 11. Rochklia. Subtriiik III. Iiithospermeae. — Nuts on a flat or nearly Hat receptacle ; scar basal, bat little hollowed out, without a prominent margin . * Racemes ebracteate Corolla-lobes distinct . Corolla-tube short. Nuts ovoid-oblong 12. Myosotis. * * Racemes bracteate. Corolla-lobes distinct. Corolla-throat naked or with small scales 13. Lithosi’shmum 1. CORDIA, Linn. (After E. Cordus.) Calyx tubular or campanulate, 5-tootlied or irregularly toothed or lobed. Corolla-tube cylindrical or funnel-shaped, the limb 5 or sometimes 6 or more lobed. Stamens inserted in the tube ; anthers included or exserted. Ovary entire, 4-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell; style terminal, twice forked. Fruit a drupe, the endocarp hard, with 4 cells or fewer by abortion. Seeds without albumen ; testa thin ; cotyledons longitudinally folded ; radicle superior. — Trees or shrubs, glabrous scabrous-pubescent or villous. Leaves entire or toothed. Flowers in cymes, sometimes contracted into heads, at first terminal, but often becoming lateral by the growth of the branch. Bracts small or none. A considerable genus, spread over the tropical regions ot both the New and the Old World. Si ct. I. Kyza. — Corolla small, white tube not exceeding the calyx. Drupe sealed on the open calyx. Usually villous. Calyx cylindrical, strongly-ribbed 1 C. aspero. Glabrous or scrabrous. Calyx campanulate, smooth 2. C.Myxu. Si ct. II. Sebesten. -Corolla larger, orange, tube exceeding the calyx. Drupe enveloped in the enlarged calyx. Calyx tubular. Corolla broadly tunnel-shaped . 3. C. subcurdata. 1. C. aspera (rough), Font. t'rod. 18; Beuth. FI. Austr. iv. 386. A tree of 20 to 30ft., the young shoots rusty-pubescent or villous. Leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminate with the point sometimes much elongated, irregularly toothed or rarely entire, membranous, sprinkled above with short scattered hairs, the veins underneath scabrous pubescent or hirsute, 3 to Gin. long in some specimens, twice as large in others. Flowers small, in shortly pedunculate, rather dense cymes. Calyx scarcely above 2 lines long, tubular, hirsute, with 10 or 12 prominent ribs and 5 or 6 small linear teeth. Corolla-tube cylindrical, scarcely so long as the calyx ; lobes ovate, undulate and crisped, much shorter than the tube. Stamens scarcely exserted ; anthers small. Style forked, with spathulate shortly 2-iobed branches. Drupe whitish, ovoid-pyramidal, not exceeding iin. and sometimes much smaller, resting on the broad open calyx ; putamen hard, very rugose, ripening usually on a single seed. — DC. Prod. ix. 409 ; Seem. FI. Vit. 109 t. 35 ; F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 114. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy, and other tropical localities. The species is also in the islands of the South Pacific. Wood of a light colour, light and soft. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. li’oods No. 280a. Yar. inciso-dentata. Leaves (all young in the specimens seen) irregularly and deeply toothed, almost' lobed. hut the teeth perhaps not so prominent in the adult state. — C. laeerata, F. v. M Fragm. v. 193 — Cape York, Daniel. Cordia .] LXXXIV. BORAGINE/E. 1087 2. C. Myxa (juice of fruit viscid), Linn.; DC. Frod. ix. 479; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 386. Sebastan Tree (or, according to Dr. Dymock, “Sapistan,” which he says is an abbreviation of “ Sag-pistan,” which means in Persian dogs’ dugs”) ; “ Bpa Burry,” Forest Hill, Macartney. A handsome tree, with a dense coma, glabrous or the foliage scabrous-pubescent. Leaves on rather long petioles, from ovate to orbicular, very obtuse or shortly acuminate, entire or irregularly sinuate, 3 or 5-nerved at the base, usually 2 to 3in. long. Flowers not large, polygamous, in loose pedunculate cymes or panicles. Calyx mem- branous, about 3 lines long, entire and closed over the corolla in the bud, opening irregularly into short lobes without prominent ribs when the flower expands, hardened, broadly cup-shaped, and irregularly and broadly toothed or lobed under the fruit. Corolla-tube oblong-cylindrical, slightly contracted at the throat, nearly as long as the calyx, glabrous inside and out ; lobes narrow, recurved, as long as the tube. Stamens exserted. but not exceeding the corolla- lobes ; anthers oblong-linear. Style short, with 4 long filiform branches stigmatic along the inner side. Drupe ovoid or nearly globular, pale yellow or slightly pink, the pulp very viscid, the putamen very hard, usually 1 or 2-celled, with 1 seed in each cell. — Wight. Illustr. t. 169; C. dichotomy. Forst.; R. Br. Prod. 498 ; C. Brown 'd , DC. Prod. ix. 499 ; C. latifolia, Roxb.; DC. Prod. ix. 478 ; C. i.viocarpa, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 59 ; Sebestena officinalis, Ghertn. Fruct. i. 364 t. 76; Beurreria ylabra, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 290; Rheede, Hort. Mai. iv. t. 37. Hab.: Broadsound, It. Hr own ; E. coast. A. Cunninyham; Gilbert Kiver, V. v. Mueller; liockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Port Denison, Fit- a Ian ; Nerkool Creek. Bowman : Piockhampton, Thoset, Dallachy. The specimens with all the flowers male have usually a looser, more slender inflorescence than those in which all or nearly all the flowers are perfect. The species is dispersed over tropical Asia, from Ceylon to the Philippines, and is also sent from tropical Africa, but in many places it is cultivated only. — Benth. In India the wood is considered fairly strong, and is used for boat-buildinr, well-curl s, gun- stocks, and canoes ; the bark for rope-making, and the fruit for eating. Medicinally the dried fruit is valued on account of its mucilaginous nature and demulcent properties; it is much used in coughs and chest affections, also in irritation of the urinary passages; in larger quantities it is given in bilious affections as a laxative.— Dymock, Vey. Mat. Med. of II'. Ind. Wood used for obtaining fire by friction. Macartney. Wood of a light colour, coarse-grained, easv to work, and strong. — Hailey's Cat. (ft. Il’ood* So. 287. 3. C. subcordata (nearly heart-shaped leaves), Lam.; DC. I* rod. ix. 477 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 385. A moderate-sized spreading tree, the young shoots pubescent. Leaves on rather long petioles, very broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, often slightly cordate at the base, the upper surface scabrous with small scattered hairs, bearded underneath with short hairs in the axils of the principal veins or along their whole length, 4 to 6in. long, blowers not numerous, large, in shortly pedunculate loose cymes. Calyx tubular, about Mn. long, without prominent ribs, shortly and irregularly lobed, enlarged after flowering and closing over the fruit. Corolla broadly funnel-shaped, 2 or 3 times as long as the calyx, with 5 to 7 broad lobes, much shorter thau the tube, spreading to from 1 to liin. diameter. Anthers included in the tube. Style forked, each branch with 2 spathulate stigmatic lobes. Drupe nearly globular but contracted at the top, about lin. diameter, completely enveloped in the enlarged calyx. — Seem. FI. Vit. t. 34; < ’. orientalis, R. Br. Prod. 498; Rumph. Herb. Amb. ii. t. 75. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria. H. Browne. Henne , Hope Islets, M'Giltivray ; Port Denison, Fitzalan. The species is also on the Mozambique coast and Comoro Islands, and in the Indiau Archi- pelago extending to the Philippines and Pacific Islands ; in India perhaps only where cultivated. Abundant in New Guinea 1038 lxxxiv. boragine.e. 2. EHRETIA, Linn. (After D. G. Ekret.) Calyx deeply divided into 5 segments. Corolla with a short or cylindrical tube ; limb of 5 spreading lobes, imbricate in the bud. Stamens inserted in the tube; anthers exserted or rarely almost included. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell, or 4-celled with 1 ovule in each cell ; style terminal, more or less 2-lobed or forked, the lobes entire, without any prominent ring. Fruit a drupe, the endocarp forming 2 2-seeded or 4 1 -seeded pyrenes. Seeds with a membranous testa and usually scanty albumen ; cotyledons ovate, not folded. Trees or shrubs, often glabrous. Leaves entire or toothed. Flowers rather small, usually white, in panicles or cymes, either terminal in the upper axils or rarely all axillary. Bracts small. Fruits usually much smaller than in Conli'i. The genus is widely distributed over the tropical regions of the New as well as the Old World. Of the Australian species. 2 are common E. Indian ones, the 3 others are endemic. Skct. 1. Euehl etia. — Flower* m irreynlqrly branched panicles. Ovary 4-celled. with I ovule in each cell. Leaves glabrous underneath, rather narrow 1. E. acuminata . I, eaves pubescent underneath, usually broad 2. E. pilosulh. Sect.IL Bourrerioides. Flowers in divaricately dichotomous cymes. Ovary 2-celled , with 2 ovules in each cell. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx ; lobes shorter. Cymes mostly terminal. Leaves oblong or lanceolate. Leaves long-lanceolate, with very oblique veins. Anthers included in the tube or scarcely exserted 3. E. saliyna. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, the veins rather oblique. Anthers quite exserted 4. E. membra nifolia. Corolla-tube not longer than the calyx ; lobes twice as long. Cymes sm ill. lateral. Leaves mostly ovate 5. K. lands. 1. E. acuminata (leaves acuminate), Jl. Ur. Protl. 497 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 387. A tall shrub or tree of 20 to 30ft., quite glabrous, except the inflorescence, which is slightly pubescent. Leaves petiolate, oval or elliptical-oblong, shortly and obtusely acuminate, usually narrowed at the base, serrate with callous teeth, 3 to Gin. long. Flowers sessile and crowded on the branchlets of dense thyrsoid panicles, terminal and in the upper axils, scarcely exceeding the leaves. Calyx-segments about f line long, nearly orbicular, ciliate. Corolla-tube exceedingly short : lobes spreading to about 3 lines diameter. Anthers exserted. Ovary 4-celled. with 1 laterally attached ovule in each cell ; style-lobes in the typical form very short, clavate, truncate and usually conniveut. Fruit .globular, 2 to 3 lines diameter, the endocarp separating into 2 hard 2-celled . 2-seeded pyrenes. — DC. Prod. ix. 503 ; E. serrata, Roxb. Wight 111. t. 170. Hab.: Moreton Bay and other southern localities. Wood light-brown; grain coarse; firm; easy to work; resembles closely the English Elm. - Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 287a. Var. laxi flora. Leaves less toothed, sometimes almost entire. Style divided nearly to the base. The differences in the style may, however, depend on a certain degree of unisexuality. — Ben th. 2. E. pilosula (slightly hairy), F. r. M. Erat/m. v. 20; Benth. FI. A tost r. iv. 388. A handsome tree of 20 to 30ft., closely allied to E. acuminata, and probably a variety, with the leaves broader, rounded or almost cordate at the base, and more or less pubescent or villous underneath. Inflorescence, flowers, and fruit the same as in E. acuminata. Hab.: Seaview Range; Rockingham Ray and Herbert River. Jntllachy : Forest Hill, Mackay. W2 * * * * 7. Macartney. Khretia .] LXXX1V. BORAGINEyE. 1039 8. E. saligna (Willow-leaved), H. Ur. Prod. 497; Ur, nth. FI. Austr.iv. 888. A shrub or tree, quite glabrous, the foliage apparently glaucous. Leaves long- lanceolate or linear, tapering to a tine point, quite entire, contracted into a rather long petiole, rather thick, very obliquely'veined, 2 to 5in. long. Flowers in divaricately dichotomous shortly pedunculate cymes. Calyx-segments narrow-ovate, almost acute, £ line long. Corolla-tube cylindrical, fully 1 line long ; lobes very spreading, nearly as long as the tube. Anthers included in the tube or very shortly protruding. Ovary 2-celled, with two ovules in each cell. Style deeply forked, with obtuse stigmas. Fruit about 2 lines diameter, containing 4 distinct, not very hard pyrenes. — DC. Prod. ix. 504. ilaV: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown : Cape York Peninsula and other northern localities. Wood of a pretty orange colour, close-grained, and hard ; useful for turnery and cabinet work. -Hailey's Cat. Ql. Woods No. 288. 4. E. membranifolia (leaves thin), II. Ur. Urod. 497 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 888. A shrub or tree, quite glabrous, with slender branchlets. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, membranous, obliquely veined but not near so much so as in F. saliyna, 1| to 2Ain. long, on slender petioles. Flowers small, in loosely divaricate, shortly pedunculate, dichotomous cymes. Calyx- segments broad, rounded, ciliate, about A line long. Corolla-tube £ to nearly 1 line long, the lobes rather shorter than the tube. Anthers wholly exserted. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell ; style shortly or deeply forked. Fruit red. — DC. Prod. ix. 504. Hal) : Darling Downs, Barcoo and Gilbert liivers. F. v. Mueller; Broadsound, R. Brown, Bowman; Araucaria Range, F. v. Mueller; Rockhampton. Dallarhy, O'Shanesy ; Suttor River and Crocodile Creek, Bowman. •>. E. laevi-S (smooth), Rouib. PI. Comm. i. 42 t. 56; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 389. A tall shrub or tree, quite glabrous. Leaves ovate oval or elliptical, acutely acuminate or rarely obtuse, quite entire, rounded or tapering at the base, shining above, mostly 3 to 5in. long. Flowers small, in axillary, shortly pedunculate, dichotomous cymes, much shorter than the leaves. Calyx-segments narrow, under 1 line long. Corolla-tube about as long as the calyx, the lobes twice as long, spreading. Anthers exserted. Ovary 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Style more or less forked. Drupe small, containing 4 1 -seeded pyrenes. — DC. Prod. ix. 505; Wight, lc. t. 1382; Bedd. FI. Sylv. t. 246; Brand. For. FI. 340 t. 42 ; Brurrrria I err is and punctata, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 390. Hab.: Cape York. IT. Hill. The species is common in East India and Ceylon. Wight’s figure represents well the An tralian form, Roxburgh’s an equally common East Indian one with more obtuse leaves. Benth 3. COLDENIA, Linn. (After Cadwallader Golden, Governor of New York in 1761.) (Lobophyllum, F. r. M.) Calyx deeply divided into 4 or 5 segments. Corolla with a short cylindrical tube ; lobes 4 or 5, spreading, imbricate in the bud. Stamens inserted in the tube ; anthers included. Ovary entire, 4-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell ; style terminal, bifid or divided to the base into 2 styles, with a capitate or clavate stigma on each branch or style. Fruit more or less 4-lobed, dry or scarcely succulent, separating into 2 hard 2-celled carpels or finally into 4 1 -seeded 1040 lxxxiv. boraginea: [C'ohlriiin .. nuts. Seeds with a very thin (or without any ?) albumen, the cotyledons not folded. — Hispid herbs. Leaves toothed or lobed. Flowers small, solitary in the axils, the upper ones often forming one-sided leafy spikes. The Au-tralian species is a common one in tropical Asia and Africa. 1. C. procumbens (procumbent), l.inn.; DC. Prod. ix. 558; Bmth. PI. Axstr. iv. 391. A hard, prostrate, hirsute annual, the branches radiating from the crown of the root to a considerable length, but not rooting. Leaves petiolate, obovate or oblong, much undulate, wrinkled and crenate or obtusely lobed, the largest ones scarcely exceeding'lin.. the floral ones usually very small. Flowers nearly sessile in their axils, often forming leafy spikes on the branchlets, usually 4-merous, at least in the Australian specimens. Calyx-segments herbaceous, ovate-lanceolate, not 1 line long. Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx, the lobes broad, shorter than the tube, glabrous inside. Style bifid. Fruit depressed- globular, glandular-hispid, about 1 line long, more or less distinctly 4-lobed and often with prominent ribs between the lobes. — Lobophyllum tetrandrum, F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 21 ; G;ertn. Fruct. i. 329 t. 68. Hah.: Towards Cooper’s Creek. The species is common in a great part of tropical Asia and Africa. 4. HALGANIA, Gaudich. (After Admiral Halgan.) Calyx deeply divided into 5 segments. Corolla with a very short tube, rotate with 5 broad lobes in the bud. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, the filaments very short and flat ; anthers erect, connate in a short cylinder contracted into a long straight beak, formed of the linear terminal appendages of the anthers, enclosing the style. Ovary entire, 4-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell ; style terminal, filiform, with a minute stigma. Fruit dry or the exocarp very slightly succulent, separating into 2 carpels, each with a crustaceous 2-celled endocarp. Seeds 1 in each cell, more or less albuminous ; embryo terete, straight. — Undershrubs or small much-branched shrubs, rarely entirely herbaceous, more or less tomentose or hirsute, or rarely glabrous. Leaves entire or toothed. Flowers blue purple or white, often rather large and showy, in terminal or at length lateral cymes, sometimes reduced to short simple spikes or almost to single flowers. Bracts few or none. The genus is limited to Australia. 1. H . strigosa (strigose), Schlecht. T Ann tea, xx. 614 ; Benth. PL Austr. iv. 402. An erect branching shrub, the stems and foliage scabrous with a minute glandular tomentum, and more or less sprinkled or covered with short rigid appressed hairs. Leaves narrow-oblong or linear-cuneate, mostly 8-toothed at the end, and sometimes with 1 or 2 small teeth on each side lower down, the midrib very prominent underneath, otherwise flat, complicate or the margins very slightly recurved, rarely above ^in- long except in some very luxuriant specimens. Flowers small, calyx-segments acute. Corollas deep- blue, the lobes often acute or shortly acuminate but sometimes quite obtuse. Fruit transversely rugose and rather acute. — H. tuberculosa , Schlecht. Linnaea, xx. (j 15 ; H. cyariea, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 40. Hal).: Armadilla, Barton, and other southern localities. 5. TOURNEFORTIA, Linn. (After Joseph Pitton de Tournefort.) Calyx deeply divided into 5 segments. Corolla-tube cylindrical ; lobes 5, spreading, imbricate or induplicate in the bud. Stamens inserted in the tube ; anthers included. Ovary entire, 4-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell ; Tournefortia .j LXXX1V. BORAGINE.E. 1041 style terminal, entire, the stigmatic summit entire or notched, surrounded by a prominent fleshy ring (except in T. sarmentosa ) . Fruit a drupe, with 4 1 -seeded pyrenes, either quite distinct or more or less cohering in pairs or quite united in a 4-celled putamen. Seeds with or without albumen, the cotyledons not folded. — Trees shrubs or woody climbers, rarely (in species not Australian) almost herbaceous, tomentose villous or rarely almost glabrous. Leaves undivided and entire. Flowers usually white or nearly so, in unilateral spikes, arranged in dichotomous cymes, usually without bracts. Fruits small. The genus is widely distributed over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World. O'. the 3 Australian species, 2 are in the Indian Archipelago, and extend from the islands o1 the African coast to those of the South Pacific, the third is endemic. The genus is a natural one, distinguished from Heliotropium by the drupaceous fruit, from Ehretia chiefly by the style The fleshy annulus round the summit, which Tournefortia has in common with Heliotropium. and which Fresenius (in Mart. FI. Bras.) considers as an absolute character of the proposed Order of Heliotropiece, is, however, wanting in T. sarmentosa. — Benth. Corolla-lobes longer than the tube, imbricate in the bud. Foliage and inflorescence very densely silky-tomentose 1. T. aryentea. Corolla-lobes shorter than the tube, plicate and induplicate in the bud. Foliage tomentose hirsute or nearly glabrous. Corolla-lobes rather acute. Stigma surrounded by a fleshy ring. Krect tree or shrub 2. T mollis Corolla-lobes obtuse or retuse. Stigma not thickened. Branches long weak or climbing 3. T. sarmentosa 1. T. argentea (silvery), Linn. /.; II. Hr. I' rod. 497 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 889. A tall erect shrub, the branches, foliage, and inflorescence densely tomentose or villous with soft silky hairs. Leaves crowded at the ends of the thick branchlets, obovate ovate or obovate-oblong, soft and thick, 4 to 6in. long, narrowed into a short petiole. Flowers small, sessile, and numerous, in large, dense, terminal dichotomous cymes or panicles. Calyx- segments orbicular, ciliate, about 1 line diameter. Corolla shortly exceeding the calyx, the lobes broad, obtuse, longer than the tube, imbricate in the bud, glabrous inside, sprinkled with a few hairs outside. Anthers ovate, rnucronulate. Hypogynous disk prominent or obscure. Style exceedingly short, the thick fleshy annulus surrounding the notched summit appearing almost sessile on the ovary. Fruit glabrous, nearly globular, with 2 opposite furrows, but containing 4 distinct pyrenes. Seeds without any (or with a thin ?) albumen. -DC. Prod, ix. 514 ; Rumph, Herb. Ambion. iv. t. 55. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria. R. Brown, Henne ; Albany Island, (('. Hill; Barnard Isles, iRGillivray ; Howick’s group, /''. t\ Mueller; estuary of the Burdekin, fitzalan ; Rockingham Bay, Dallnchy. The species extends along the seacoasts of Eastern tropical Africa, the Mauritius, Ceylon, the Eastern Archipelago, New Caledonia, and the Islands of the Pacific. 2. T. mollis (soft), /•'. r. M. Fragm. i. 59; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 890. An erect not much branched shrub of several feet, the branches and foliage velvety- pubescent. Leaves from broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, often rugose, 2 to 4in. long or longer on barren shoots. Cymes dichotomous, pedunculate, the pedicels exceedingly short, without bracts. Calyx-segments lanceolate, pubescent, about 1 line long. Corolla pubescent outside, the tube li to 2 lines long, somewhat contracted upwards ; lobes broad, much plicate, rather acute, about one-tliird as long as the tube, induplicate in the bud. Ovary tapering into a short style, the stigma with a thick broad fleshy ring, round a slightly-depressed obscurely 2-lobed centre. Fruit nearly globular, above 2 lines diameter when full grown, containing either 4 pyrenes or 2 pyrenes each one readily divisible into 2. Seeds with a rather thick albumen. Hab.: Burdekin River, F. r. Mueller : Edgecombe Bay, Port Denison, and Herbert River, ])al.lachy. 1042 LXXXIV. BORAG1NE2E. [Touniefortia . 3. T. sarmentosa (sarmentose), I jam. lllnstr. j. 416: Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 390. A tall shrub with weak branches, or sometimes climbing to a great height, glabrous or sprinkled with short rigid hairs. Leaves petiolate, ovate, acuminate, entire, *2 to 4in. long, either glabrous or sprinkled with short hairs above, more or less pubescent or hirsute underneath. Flowers usually white, sometimes blue, sessile along the divaricate branches of terminal dichotomous cymes, without bracts. Calyx-segments lanceolate, shortly pubescent, under 1 line long. Corolla-tube angular, varying from 1^ line to above 2^ lines in length ; lobes broad, obtuse or retuse, undulate-plicate, with a thick midrib, induplicate in the hud. Ovary tapering into a short style, which is very shortly lobed at the top, hut without the thickened ring of the other species. Fruit ovoid-globular, slightly compressed, the endocarp thick, of a loosely cellular texture although hard, with 4 very small real cells, and sometimes separating or separable into 2 2-celled pyrenes. — DC. Prod. ix. 516: T. orientalis, R. Br. Prod. 497 ; DC. Prod. ix. 516 ; T. acclinis, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 95. Hab.: Cape York, Darnel; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, B. Brown; Port Denison. Fitzalan ; Edgecombe and Rockingham Bays. Dallachy ; Rockhampton, Thozet and several others ; Broadsound and Amity Creek, Bowman ; Port Mackay. Xernst. The species is also in the Mauritius. Timor, the Philippines, and probably in other islands of the Indian Archipelago. 6. HELIOTROPIUM. Linn. (From the dowers having been supposed to turn to the sun ; English name, “ Turnsole.”) (Schleidenia. Etull.) Calyx deeply divided into 5 segments. Corolla with a cylindrical tube ; lobes 5, spreading, plicate and imbricate in the bud. Stamens inserted in the tube ; anthers often mucronate or acuminate and sometimes cohering by their tips, included or the tips slightly protruding. Ovary entire, 4-celled, with 1 laterally attached or pendulous ovule in each cell ; style terminal, short or long, the stigma or stigmatic summit broadly umbrella-shaped or with a fleshy ring surrounding the base of a more or less distinct central cone or point. Fruit more or less 2 or 4-lobed or furrowed, separating into 4 1-seeded nuts, or in species not Australian into 2 hard 2-seeded carpels. Seeds with a scanty or rarely with a rather thick albumen.- — Herbs undershrubs or rarely shrubs, with appressed and strigose or with rigid and spreading hairs, very -rarely glabrous, b lowers usually small, sessile or pedicellate in one-sided simple or once or twice- forked spikes, with or without bracts, which when present are often not immediately under the pedicels. The genus is widely dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, a few species extending beyond the tropics both in the northern and the southern hemispheres All the Australian species except one belong to the genus or section of Heliotropium proper as limited by De Candolle, or to Heliotropium and Schleidenia as defined by Fresenius (in Mart. FI. Bras.) The section Heliophytum, with the fruit separating into 2 2-seeded carpels, established by De Candolle as a genus, comprises the H. indicum, Linn., a very common S. Asiatic weed. Skct. I. Platygyne. Stigma nearly sessile, umbrella-shaped, without any distinct central cone. Glabrous and glaucous prostrate perennial 1 . H cwrassavicum. Skct. II. Euheliotr opium. — Stigma a tldch ring at tin base of or round a central cone or point. Anthers obtuse or shortly acuminate, vat cohering (except in H. brachygyne?) Throat of the corolla not bearded. Flowers in scorpioid forked ok rarely simple spikes, without, bracts. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, petiolate or contracted at the base into a very short petiole. Style longer than the stigma .... 2 ”//. asperrimum. Heliutropium.] LXXXIV. BORAGINE.L. 1043 Flowers few, sessile within the uppermost leaves or forming leafy spikes. Leaves sessile, small. Leaves linear-lanceolate, rather crowded. Anthers scarcely pointed. Style longer than the stigma 3. H. fasciculatum. Leaves lanceolate or linear, distant. Anther-points long. Style very short 4. H brachygyne. Sect. III. Schleidenia. — Stigma a thick ring round a central cone or point. Anthers acuminate, cohering by the minutely hairy tips Corolla-throat bearded or pubescent inside. Corolla-tube scarcely swollen. Style shorter than the stigma. Calyx- segments very unequal. Leaves obovate-oblong or lanceolate, flat. Spikes without bracts . . 5. H. uvali/olium. Leaves linear with revolute margins. Spikes bracteate .... (i. H. strigonum. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers axillary, scarcely forming leafy spikes . 4. H. brachygyve. Corolla- tube swollen round the anthers at or above the middle. Style as long as or longer than the stigma. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, flat or with recurved margins, mostly acute and above Jin. loDg. Bracts leaf-like. Plant hirsute or pubescent. Stems long and prostrate. Corolla-limb longer than the tube. Bracts small 7. II. prostratum . Stems diffuse. Bracts longer than the calyx, petiolate or con- tracted at the base 8. H. braeteatum . Stems ascending or erect. Bracts longer than the calyx, sessile. Leaves rather crowded, narrow. Nuts usually 4 . ....!). H. pauciflorum. Leaves oi long-lanceolate, obtuse, crowded, under 2 lines long. Bracts leaf like, imbricate. Plant cottony- white 10. H. filaginoides. Leaves all narrow-linear, with revolute margins. Bracts rarely exceeding the calyx, usually few and small. Nuts usually scabrou'-pubescent. Stigmatic cone very short. Erect slightly-branched annual. Hairs spreading. Corolla-tube very slender 11. H. ventricostm. Stem paniculately branched. Hairs appressed. Calyx-segments acuminate. Calyx 2 lines long. Leaves linear 12. H. lenuifolium. Calyx 1 line long. Leaves filiform . . .... 13. H. panicnlatiiw. Sect. IV. Heliophy turn. — Fruit milri/orm, subacutely i- pointed. Leaves petiolate, ovate, subserrate. Spikes elongate, dense, ebracteate. Fruit separating into 2 2-seeded 2-pointed pyrenes ...... 14. 7/ indicum. Leaves sessile, margins undulate. Peduncles bearing usually 2 spikes . 15. ‘H. anchiisie/oliuiu. 1. H. curassavicum (Curassavian), Linn.; DC. Prod. ix. 588 ; Benth. FL Austr iv. 898. A much-branched prostrate glabrous and glaucous perennial, often somewhat succulent, spreading sometimes to 2 or 3ft. Leaves linear oblanceolate or oblong, usually obtuse and narrowed into a short petiole, rarely obovate, rather thick, veinless except the midrib, ^ to lin. long. Spikes once- forked or rarely simple, terminal or lateral. Flowers sessile, without bracts. Calyx-segments obtuse, nearly 1 line long. Corolla white or with a yellow eye, the tube about 1 line long, the throat not bearded ; lobes broad, as long as the tube. Anthers nearly sessile at the base of the tube. Ovary depressed-globular, capped by an umbrella-shaped almost sessile stigma, often broader than the .ovary itself. — Lehm. PI. Preiss. i. 848 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2669. Hab.: Inland tropical localities. The species is frequent in sandy places, chiefly on the seacoast. in North and South America, South Africa, and the Pacific Islands. The ovary and fruit are occasionally but rarely 3-meious (with 6 ovary-cells and nuts). — Benth 2. IX. asperrimum (very rough), II. Br. Prod. 493; benth. FL. Austr. iv. 894. A perennial with erect or ascending stems of 1 to lift., the branches and foliage very scabrous and sprinkled with rigid spreading hairs. Leaves shortly petiolate. 1044 LXXXIV. BORAGINEyE. I Heliotropium . oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, with undulate revolute margins but not very rugose, 1 to 2in. long. Spikes short and dense, once or sometimes twice-forked, rarely simple, without bracts. Calyx-segments linear or lanceolate, hispid, 2 lines long. Corolla-tube shortly exceeding the calyx, the throat glabrous inside ; lobes much plicate, very broad, expanding to Jin. diameter. Anthers oblong, very shortly acuminate. Style filiform ; stigmatic cone long and narrow, but shorter than the style. — DC. Prod. ix. 542 ; H. foliatum, Lehm. PI. Preiss. ii. 288 (from the description given) not of R. Br. Hab.: Inland localities. 8. H. fasciculatum (leaves bunched), R. Br. Prod. 494 ; Benth. Pl. Austr. iv. 895. An erect hard annual, looking almost woody at the base, with rigid divaricate branches and hispid with rigid half-spreading hairs. Leaves rather crowded, sessile, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, with thickened nerve-like rigidly ciliate margins, all except a few on the main stem under Jin. long. Flowers few, scattered, sessile amongst the upper floral leaves, scarcely forming leafy spikes. Calyx-segments lanceolate, rather acute, hispid, about 1 line long. Corolla hirsute, the tube rather longer than the calyx, the throat glabrous inside. Anthers ovate-triangular, scarcely acuminate. Style terete, more than twice as long as the ovary ; stigma very broad, the thick cone rather shorter than the style. — DC. Prod. ix. 547. Hab.: Islands of the Gnlf of Carpentaria, 7?. Brown. 4. H. brachygryne (style short), Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 396. Diffuse or much branched and hirsute, probably annual, some specimens almost erect and scarcely Gin. high, others very diffuse with branches of above 1ft. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-linear, obtuse, with revolute margins, narrowed at the base but sessile, under Jin. long. Flowers few in the uppermost axils, forming very short leafy spikes, the floral leaves or bracts as long as or longer than the calyx. Calyx- segments about 1J line long, rather obtuse and somewhat unequal. Corolla- tube shorter than the calyx, not ventricose nor bearded in the throat ; lobes shorter than the tube. Anthers with rather long connivent points. Style very short, with a broad, thick stigma and a very small central cone. Fruit depressed-globular, the nuts scabrous. Hab : Burnett River. F. v. Mueller. 5. H. ovalifolium (leaves oval), Forsk.; R. Br. Prod. 493 ; Benth. PI. Austi . iv. 896. A procumbent or diffuse annual, hoary or white all over with appressed rigid or silky hairs. Leaves petiolate, oval obovate or oblong, very obtuse in the common form, entire, the veins not very prominent, mostly J to lin. long. Spikes rather slender, simple or once-forked, without bracts. Calyx-segments hirsute, not 1 line long, one much broader than the other four. Corolla-tube hirsute, not 1 line long, the throat bearded inside with a ring of reflexed hairs sometimes reduced to very few ; lobes rather shorter than the tube. Anthers inserted below the middle of the tube, ovate, acuminate, the points nearly as long as the cells and usually cohering at the tips by minute terminal tufts of hairs. Stigma with a linear-conical point, longer than the very short style. Nuts small, hispid. — IF coroniandelianum, Retz ; DC. Prod. ix. 541 ; Wight, Ic. t. 1888. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Rockingham and Edgecombe Bays, Dollar Inj ; Rockhampton, O' Shanes}/ ; Broadsound. Nerkool Creek, Bowen River, Bowman. I leliotropium.] LXXXIV. BORAGLNE.E. 1045 The species is common in tropical and northern Africa and East India. Var. oblongifoliiim, DC. Erect sleoder and not much branched, the leaves narrower and less obtuse. — H. g racile, It. Br. Prod. 493. — Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. lirown : Keppel Bay, Thozet. 0. H. strigosum (strigose), Willd DC. Prod. ix. 546 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 397. An erect or diffuse much-branched annual, more or less hoary or sprinkled with appressed rigid hairs. Leaves linear, obtuse or scarcely acute, with revolute margins, under lin. long. Flowers small, distant, forming slender interrupted scarcely scorpioid spikes, interspersed with small bracts, at least in the lower part. Calyx-segments about 1 line long, strigose-hispid, rather obtuse, the outer ones broader than the inner. Corolla-tube not exceeding the calyx, slightly swollen round the anthers, the throat bearded inside ; lobes rather shorter than the tube. Anthers acuminate, cohering by the tips of the points. Style short, the stigmatic cone broad, about as long ar the style. Nuts nearly globular, shortly pubescent. Hab.: Bowen River, Bowman , and several other inland localities The species is widely spread over the warmer regions of northern Africa and western Asia. 7. H. prostratum (prostrate), 11. Itr. Prod. 494 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 397. Stems prostrate, 1 to 2ft. long in the specimens seen, strigose as well as the foliage with short hairs. Leaves distant, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, contracted at the base but scarcely petiolate, flat or the margins scarcely recurved, Jin. to lin. long. Flowers distant, in a long interrupted terminal spike, the bracts oblong, leafy, but scarcely exceeding the calyx. Calyx- segments lanceolate, obtuse, strigose, 1J line long. Corolla-tube as long as the calyx, ventricose at or above the middle, bearded in the throat; limb longer than the tube, broadly plicate, shortly lobed. Anthers acuminate and cohering at the tips. Stigmatic cone about half as long as the filiform style. — DC. Prod. ix. 54K. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. H. H. bracteatum (bracteate), It. Br. Prod. 493; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 397. A hispid annual, either erect and branching or with several stems ascending from the base, under 1ft. high. Leaves more or less petiolate, lanceolate, rather acute, narrowed at the base, flat or the margins slightly recurved, from under J to about fin. long. Spikes terminal, leafy, 1 -sided but scarcely scorpioid, the leafy bracts more or less petiolate or very much contracted at the base, as long as or longer than the calyx. Calyx-segments lanceolate, about 1J line long. Corolla-tube rather shorter than the calyx ; ventricose at or below the middle, the throat bearded inside, the lobes shorter than the tube. Anthers acuminate, cohering at the tips. Stigmatic cone slender, but shorter than the filiform style. Nuts minutely pubescent, the segments of the fruiting calyx usually elongated and spreading. — DC. Prod. ix. 547 ; IT. foliatum, R. Br. Prod. 493 ; DC. Prod. ix. 548. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. The specimens of H. foliatum seem to me to represent a rather luxurious form of It. bracteatam, with larger, more distinctly petiolate bracts. — Benth. Var. leptostachyum. Diffuse and much branched, 1ft. long or more. Leaves shortly petiolate, acute. Style rather shorter. — Cape York, Dceinel. 9. H. pauciflorum (flowers few), It. Br. Prod. 493; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 398. An erect, much-branched, very hispid, leafy annual, under Gin. high. Leaves very shortly peciolate, linear-lanceolate, with revolute margins, under Jin. long. Flowers shortly pedicellate, rather distant, with leafy bracts between them longer than the calyx, forming single terminal leafy spikes or racemes scarcely scorpioid. Calyx-segments about 1J line long, lanceolate, hispid, the outer ones rather larger than the inner. Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx, bearded inside at the throat, the lobes about as long as the tube. Anthers 104<; LXXXl V. BORACtINEjE. [ Heliotropium. acuminate, the points cohering by their minutely hairy tips. Stigmatic cone rather long, but shorter than the filiform style. Nuts small, scabrous with short hairs. — DC. Prod. ix. 547. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, ll Brown; Suttor River. Tliozet ; Nerkool Creek, Bowman. 10. H. filaginoides (Filago-like), Bentk. FI. Amtr. iv. 398. A dwarf erect much-branched corymbose plant, apparently shrubby, clothed in every part with a white cottony-wool, the specimen seen complete with the root, but scarcely 4in. high. Leaves crowded and almost imbricate towards the end of each year’s shoot, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, with recurved margins, not 2 lines long. Flowers small, in dense terminal cymes almost contracted into heads, sessile within the imbricate bracts, which are as long as the calyx. Calyx- segments oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, rather above 1 line long. Corolla not 2 lines long, the lobes about as long as the tube, with a ring of hairs in the throat. Anthers acuminate with long exserted points, connected by the minute hairs of their tips. Style very short ; the stigmatic ring broad and cup-shaped, with a small central cone. Fruit not seen. Hab.: Towards Cooper's Creek, HowitVs Expedition. 11. £1. ventricosum (corolla-tube swollen), H. Hr. Prod. 494 ; Benth. FI Amtr. iv. 399. An erect corymbosely- branched annual of A to 1ft., becoming diffuse when old, hirsute with rigid strigose or spreading hairs. Leaves narrow- linear, acute, with revolute margins, rarely above ^in. long. Flowers in short compact spikes, interspersed with long leaf-like bracts, all as well as the calyxes very hispid. Calyx-segments narrow, shorter than the corolla-tube. Corolla- tube about 2 lines long, slender to above the middle, ventricose below the throat, which is pubescent inside. Anthers small, acuminate, the points connected by the minutely hairy tips. Style long and filiform, with a short stigmatic cone. Fruit tipped by the persistent base of the style, the nuts small, minutely strigose or nearly glabrous. — DC. Prod. ix. 547. Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown : Port Denison, Fitzalan ; several other localities in the tropics. 12. H. tenuifolium (thill leaves), It. Br. Prod. 494 ; Benth. FI. Amtr. iv. 399. Stems erect, branching, hard or almost woody at the base, 1ft. high or more, more or less hoary as well as the foliage with short appressed hairs. Leaves linear, acute or almost obtuse, with revolute margins, f to lAin. long. Flowers distant, forming interrupted once or twice-forked spikes, interspersed especially at the base with a few bracts, which are rarely entirely wanting. Calyx glabrous or strigose, the segments very acute, about 2 lines long, the 2 outer ones often larger than the others. Corolla-tube about as long as the calvx. ventricose above the middle, shortly bearded in the contracted throat, the limb nearly as long as the tube. Anthers acuminate, the points cohering by their minutely hairy tips. Style slender, the stigma broadly 4-lobed with a small central cone. Fruit tipped by the persistent base of the style, the nuts slightly scabrous-pubescent. Embryo usually curved. — DC. Prod. ix. 547. Hal).: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Suttor River, F. v. Mueller , Bowman Bowen River, Bowman ; not uncommon in other localities. 13. H. paniculatum (flowers in panicles), It. Iir. Prod. 494 ; Benth. FI. Amtr. iv. 399, nut of Iloxb. Erect and paniculately branched with the habit of II. tenuifolium, but much more slender, more or less hirsute or nearly glabrous. Leaves linear-filiform, with revolute margins. Panicles at length very divaricate, with dichotomous filiform branches. Flowers very much smaller than in II. tm a I folium , but otherwise similar. Calyx 1 line long, strigose, with acutely acuminate segments. Corolla-tube rather longer than the calyx, ventricose J leliotropium.] LXXXIV. BORAGINEiE. 1047 above the middle. Stamens and style of H. tenuifolium. Nuts small, ovoid, acute, very shortly scabrous-pubescent. — DC. Prod. ix. 547 ; H. glabcllum, R. Br. Prod. 494 ; DC. Prod. ix. 548 ; H. linifolium, Wight. Ic. t. 1391. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B.. Brown. Also in Ceylon and India. 14. H. indicum (Indian), Linn.; Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Inti. iv. 152. A hirsute herbaceous annual. Stems 6 to 18in. high. Leaves alternate or subopposite, petiolate, ovate subserrate, 1 to 4in. long, more or less woolly. Spikes 1 to 8in. long, mostly leaf-opposed, dense, ebraeteate. Sepals about 1 line long, linear. Corolla-tube about 1 J line long, narrow-cylindrical ; lobes small, round, crenate. Stigma conoid-linear. Fruit 2 lines long, ovoid, ribbed, soon separating into 2 mitre-like pyrenes ; each pyrene with 2 cavities in addition to the seed-bearing cells. — Tiaritlium indicum, Lehm. Asperifol. 14 ; Wight. 111. t. 171 ; Heliophi/turu indicum , DC. Prod. ix. 556 ; Fresen. in Mart. FI. Bras, xix. 48 t. 10, fig. 4. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller. 15. *H. anchusaefolium (Anchusa-leaved), Poir. Buppl. 3 p. 28. Stems erect and branching, arising from a somewhat creeping underground one, often exceeding 1ft. high, whole plant covered with hoary strigose tomentum. Leaves alternate, about 2in. long, and 6 lines broad, linear-lanceolate, semiamplexicaule, subundulate. Peduncles terminal, solitary, bifid and trifid. Calyx-lobes linear. Corolla blue ; tube short. Hab.: Buenos Ayres and Brazil. Met with on the rocks about Brisbane as a stray from garden culture. 7. TRICHODESMA, R. Br. (Referring to the anthers being bound together by hairs.) Calyx deeply divided into 5 segments. Corolla with a very short tube, almost rotate, with 5 acuminate lobes contorted in the bud. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, the filaments very short and flat ; anthers erect, linear, ciliate, cohering by the hairs in a cylinder contracted into a long spirally-twisted beak formed of the terminal appendages of the anthers. Ovary entire, 4-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell ; style terminal, filiform, with a minute stigma. Fruit of 4 1-seeded nuts, attached by their whole inner face, which when detached leave 4 cavities in the thick persistent prominently 4-angled axis. Seeds without albumen ; embryo straight, with a very short radicle. — Coarse hispid hoary or silky herbs. Leaves opposite or alternate, usually entire. Flowers in terminal one-sided simple or rarely forked racemes, usually accom- panied by bracts. The genus comprises very few species dispersed over the warmer regions of Asia and Africa. The only Australian species extends over nearly the whole range of the genus. 1. T. zeylanicum (of Ceylon), II. Br. Prod. 496; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 404. A coarse hard annual, usually erect, not much branched, and often attaining several feet, the indumentum very various, sometimes close and hoary or longer and silky, more frequently consisting of short rigid appressed hairs or long loose scattered ones, or the various hairs intermixed, the longer ones usually arising from prominent tubercles. Leaves in the Australian specimens mostly alternate or the lower ones opposite, more rarely nearly all (as is usually the case in Indian specimens) opposite, linear, linear-lanceolate or rarely broadly oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, often 3 to 4in. long, the margins usually recurved. Flowers pale-blue, in simple racemes, with a leafy bract under each always shorter than the pedicel. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acuminate, J to ^in. long at the time of flowering, narrow or broad, valvate or reduplicate, often cohering at Part IV' C 1048 LXXXFV. BORAGINEiE. [Trichodesma. the base, sometimes much enlarged round the fruit. Corolla-lobes broad, longer than the calyx, the points narrow, spirally-twisted in the bud as well as the long anther-points. Nuts smooth and shining. — A. DC. Prod. x. 172, with the synonyms adduced ; Bot. Mag. t. 4820 ; Borat/o zeylanica, Linn. Mant. 202; Burm. FI. Ind. 41 t. 14, fig. 2; Txiocan/a Kotschyana, Hochst. in FI. 1844, 30. Hab.: I-dauds of the Gulf of Carpentaria, li. Brown and other*; Keppel and Shoalwater Bays, B. Brown; common from Cape York to Moreton Bay and in the interior, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller, and many others. Var. latisepalum, F. v. M. Calyx-segments short, and broad, almost cordate but not auriculate.— Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller. Var. sericeum. Stem and fo iage very hoary with a close soft tomentum. — T. sericeum, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 258. — Belyando River, Mitchell. The species is common in the E Indian peninsula, in Ceylon, and in tropical Africa. Camels are said to be particularly fond of this herb. 8. CYNOGLOSSUM, Linn. (From kyon, a dog, and yhma, a tongue.) (Omphalodes. Mimch. i Calyx deeply divided into 5 segments. Corolla with a short broad tube, the throat closed with scales opposite the lobes, the limb spreading, almost rotate, 5-lobed. Anthers enclosed in the tube. Ovary 4-lobed ; style shortly filiform, inserted between the lobes, with a small usually capitate stigma. Nuts 4, depressed, attached by the inner end of the under surface or by the inner edge to the convex or hemispherical receptacle, the upper surface usually more or less covered wTith short hooked prickles or bordered by a raised often toothed margin. Seeds without albumen ; radicle short. — Herbs clothed with stiff hairs, either appressed and hoary or spreading, sometimes reduced to scattered tubercles. Leaves most frequently entire. Flowers blue purplish or rarely white, in one-sided simple or forked racemes, with or without bracts. The genus is widely dispersed over the temperate and warmer regions of the Old World. The Australian species appear to be all endemic. Diffuse or straggling. Leaves ovate, petiolate. Floral leaves or bracts at or near all the pedicels 1C. latifolium. Erect. Leaves lanceolate or oblong. Nuts glochidiate all over. Pedicels longer than the calyx, with bracts at or near them all, or at least the lower ones 2. C. suaveolens. Pedicels shorter than the calyx. Bracts none 8. C.australe. Nuts glochidiate only on the raised margin or rarely along a central raised riuge. Bracts none .... 4. C. Drummondii . 1. C. latifolium (broad-leaved), 11. Br. Prod. 495 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 408. A perennial, with diffuse or straggling branching stems, extending some- times to several feet, scabrous with scattered tubercles, which rarely lengthen into short hairs or prickles. Leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, quintuplinerved, the lower often at least 2in. long, the upper ones gradually smaller and more sessile, ultimately reduced to small bracts. Flowers small, on slender recurved pedicels, usually by the side of or rather below the floral leaves or bracts. Calyx-segments rather broad, obtuse or shortly acuminate, about 1 line long but somewhat enlarged after flowering. Nuts obovate, spreading, convex, glochidiate all over, attached by the inner end of the under surface. — DC. Prod, x. 15G ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 280. Hab.: Not uncommon on damp land in southern localities. Cynoglossuin.\ LXXXIV. BORAGINEiE. 1049 2. C. suaveolens (sweet-scented), li. Br. Prod. 495 ; Benth. PI. Austr. iv. 409. An erect stout coarsely-hirsute plant with a perennial stock, the steins slightly branched, 1 to 2ft. high. Radicle and lower leaves on long petioles, lanceolate or oblong, sometimes several inches long; stem-leaves few, on shorter petioles, the upper ones small, sessile, lanceolate. Racemes loose, more or less forked, with small leafy bracts below most of the pedicels. Pedicels longer than the calyx and sometimes lin. long, recurved after flowering. Flowers white, the throat-scales yellow, very fragrant. Calyx-segments very open, narrow, line long. Nuts ovoid, spreading, flat or slightly convex, densely glochidiate outside, obliquely attached by their inner smooth face to the broad very prominent almost hemispherical receptacle. Seed flat or slightly concave. Embryo concave. — DC. Prod. x. 156; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 368. Hab.: Mostly in southern localities. 3. C. australe (Australian), B. Br. Prod. 495 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 409. An erect stout hispid perennial, usually taller than C. suaveolens, and the hairs of the lower part of the stem long and reflexed. Radical and lower leaves on long petioles, the upper ones nearly sessile, all lanceolate or the lower ones oblong, often several inches long. Flowers sweet-scented, light-blue or white, in long slender more or less forked racemes, without bracts, the pedicels rarely exceeding the calyx and mostly shorter. Calyx-segments shortly hispid, obtuse, about 1 line long. Nuts very spreading, depressed, obovate, either nearly flat or with a more or less raised and glochidiate margin, the whole surface also more or less glochidiate, attached to the convex or almost hemispherical receptacle by a small smooth portion at the inner end of their under surface. Seeds flat. — DC. Prod. x. 151 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 368. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy ; Herberton, J. F. Bailey ; mostly in southern localities The fruit of this species sometimes almost passes into that of the genus or section Omphalodes, although always glochidiate. — Benth. 4. C. Srummondii (after James Drummond), Benth. FI. Auxtr. iv. 409. A tall erect hispid perennial like C. australe, and perhaps a variety. Hairs of the plant usifafiy longer and looser than in C. australe, the pedicels often rather longer and occasionally a few bracts developed at the base of the raceme, the foliage, inflorescence, and flowers otherwise the same. Leaves here and there with large teeth. Nuts depressed, spreading, almost orbicular, with a much- raised membranous shortly fringed border, the enclosed upper concave surface quite smooth, or rarely with a slightly raised midrib bearing a few hooked prickles, the under surface convex and quite smooth, the attachment as in C. australe. Hab.: Near the border of N.S.W. 9. ECHINOSPERMUM, Swartz. (Seeds prickly, like a hedgehog.) Oalyx deeply divided into 5 segments. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, the throat with 5 small scales inside ; lobes 5, spreading. Stamens inserted in the tube ; anthers included. Ovary 4-lobed ; style inserted between the lobes, with a small usually capitate stigma. Nuts 4, usually more or less muricate with hooked prickles, erect, laterally attached to a narrow-conical receptacle. Seeds without albumen, radicle short. — Herbs with the habit foliage and flowers of Myosotis, but the flowers usually interspersed with bracts. A considerable genus dispersed over the temperate and mountainous regions ol Europe and Asia, but scarcely tropical. The only Australian species appears to be endemic. 1050 LXXXIY. BORAGINEiE. [Echinosperm uw . 1. EL concavum (back of nut concave), F. r. M. Fnujm. ii. 139 ; vi. 11G ; lien th. FI. Austr. iv. 407. An annual, strigose or hoary with appressed hairs, looser on the main stems ; stems either erect nearly simple and under 6in. high or longer, diffuse and almost woody at the base. Leaves linear or oblauceolate, the larger ones above lin. long, the upper ones passing into the small floral leaves or bracts. Flowers in one-sided leafy racemes, the pedicels at first very short, but lengthening to ^in. or more when in fruit. Calyx-segments about f line long, lanceolate, enlarging after flowering. Corolla about 1 line long, the tube with a ring of obtuse scales inside above the anthers, the lobes obovate-oblong, much shorter than the tube. Nuts about 2 lines long, very concave on the back, with thick raised almost involute margins bordered by stout conical glochidiate prickles, the enclosed area tuberc-ulate. Hab.: Southern localities to Cooper’s Creek. 10. ERITRICHIUM. Schrad. (Plants woolly.) Calyx deeply divided into 5 segments. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, the throat with 5 minute gibbosities or scales or quite naked, the limb spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens inserted in the tube, the anthers included. Ovary 4-lobed ; style filiform, inserted between the lobes, with a small usually capitate stigma. Nuts 4. rugose or reticulate, erect, attached to the shortly pyramidal or convex receptacle by an oblique aureole, the inner angle prominent. Seeds without albumen ; radicle short. — Herbs with the habit foliage and flowers nearly of Myomtis, but the inflorescence usually with bracts. There is a considerable number of species dispersed over the temperate and mountainous regions of Europe and Asia, and in America descending from the United States along the line of the Andes to Chile. The only Australian one is endemic. 1. E. australasicum (Australian), A. DC. Prod. x. 134 ; Beuth. FI. Austr. iv. 406. Stems usually numerous, tufted diffuse or ascending, rarely nearly -imple and erect, mostly under Gin. long, the whole plant hispid, the hairs often yellowish on the young shoots. Leaves linear, obtuse, the lower ones sometimes almost opposite, rarely exeeding Hn., the upper ones smaller. .Flowers very small, nearly sessile in the axils of the bracts, forming simple one-sided leafy spikes. Calyx-segments very hispid, linear, scarcely 1 line long. Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx, the lobes shorter than the tube. Anthers small. Style short. Nuts shorter than the calyx, rugose, with much-raised reticulations. — Heliotropimn elachanthum, F. v. M. in Linnsea, xxv. 424. H:4>.: Southern localities. 11. ROCHELIA, Reichenb. (After Anthony Rochel.) (Maccoya, F v. J/.) Calyx deeply divided into 5 or more segments. Corolla with a cylindrical sometimes incurved tube, the throat with or without scales inside ; limb spreading, 5-lobed or rarely 4 or G-lobed. Stamens 5 or rarely fewer, included in the tube. Ovary 2-lobed, 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell ; style inserted between the- lobes, with a small usually capitate stigma. Nuts 2, erect, rugose, laterally attached to the narrow-conical receptacle. Seeds without albumen ; radicle- short. — Herbs with the habit of Myosotis, the inflorescence usually interspersed with bracts, the fruiting-calyx often more or less hardened at the base round the nuts. The genus comprises very few species from the Mediterranean region of the northern hemi- sphere and from western Asia. The only Australian species is endemic, but is very nearly allied to one of the east Mediterranean ones. The genus is nearly allied to Echivospeniunii, but has only 1 cell and ovule to each carpel — Beuth. Roehelia.] LXXXIV. BORAGINE/E. 1051 1. It. IVEaccoya (after Prof. Fredk. McCoy), F. r. 31.; lieiith. FI. Austr. iv. 408. A hispid annual with several procumbent or ascending stems, a few inches in length. Leaves linear, the radical ones lin. long or even more, those of the stem few and small. Flowers on very short pedicels, usually below the floral leaves or bracts, the upper ones forming an irregular one-sided leafy raceme. Calyx about 2 lines long, oblique, incurved, divided into from 7 to 9 rather unequal linear-segments. Corolla shorter than the calyx, with 4 to 6 very short obtuse lobes, without scales in the throat. Stamens usually four. Nuts enclosed in the hardened base of the calyx-segments. — Maccoya plurisepalo , F. v. M. Fragm. i. 127. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller. In the few flowers I opened I found 7 calyx-segments and only 4 stamens, the corolla-lobes sometimes 5, sometimes 6 ; F. v. Mueller has observed as many as 9 calyx-segments. The species is nearly allied to R. cancellata, Boiss., which has a similar multiplication of calyx- segments but with the normal number of 5 corolla-lobes and stamens. — Renth. 12. MYOSOTIS, Linn. (From wus, a mouse, and ous, an ear ; appearance of leaves.) (Exarrhena, R. Br.) Calyx deeply divided into 5 segments or, in species not Australian, 5-toothed. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, with 5 small scales in the throat, the limb spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens inserted in the tube ; anthers included or exserted. Ovary 4-lobed ; style filiform, inserted between the lobes ; stigma small, usually capitate. Nuts 4, smooth and shining, erect, attached by a small basal area. Seeds without albumen ; radicle short.— Herbs usually hispid. Leaves entire. Flowers blue or white, in simple or forked one-sided spikes or racemes, without bracts. The genus is ehiefiy abundant in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, especially in the Old World, more rare in North America, tropical Asia, and in the extratropical regions of the southern hemisphere. 1. IVI . australis (southern), R. Br. Prod. 495; Reuth. FI. Austr. iv. 405. An erect or diffuse hispid annual (or perennial ?), the stems usually branching from the base, sometimes slender and under 6in. high, sometimes long and weak, •extending to 1 or 2ft. Lower leaves on long petioles, from obovate-oblong to oblanceolate or linear-spathulate, the stem ones more sessile and smaller, the uppermost sometimes very small sessile and cordate-ovate. Flowers small, white or yellowish (or rarely blue ?), in scorpioid spikes at first dense but at length •often long and interrupted. Calyx-segments narrow-lanceolate, hispid with hooked hairs, f to 1^ line long. Corolla-tube rather longer than the calyx, the scales of the throat obtuse and notched, the lobes short, broad, obtuse or retuse, Anthers and style included in the tube or the tips slightly protruding. Nuts shorter than the calyx. — DC. Prod. x. 110; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 279; 31. staniinea, Lehm. PI. Preiss. i. 348. Hab.: Specimens received from near the border of N.S.W. seem to lie this plant, but too imperfect to determine. Baron Mueller records it from New England 13. LITHOSPERMUM, Linn. (From the Greek, stone seed.) Sepals 5, linear. Corolla tubular funnel-shaped, throat naked or with 5 small scales ; lobes 5, imbricate in bud, obtuse, spreading. Stamens 5, included ; anthers oblong, obtuse, or apiculate. Ovary deeply 4-lobed ; style filiform or cylindric ; stigma usually 2-fid. Nuts 4, erect, ovoid, stony, smooth or rough ; 1052 LXXXIV. BOEAGINEiE. [ Lithospervmm . 'Car flat, basal : receptacle nearly flat.- — Herbs or undershrubs, hispid or rough. Leaves alternate. Flowers white blue or yellow, axillary, solitary or in terminal bracteate racemes. The species are met with in Europe, Asia, Africa, aud America. 1. L. arvense (Corn-field), Linn.: DC. Prod. x. 74. Corn Gromwell. A strigose annual weed, 6 to 18in. high, erect. Leaves lanceolate, the lower ones petiolate obovate-oblong, stem ones about lin. long, 3 lines broad, the strigose hairs often from tubereulate bases. Racemes in fruit more than 4in. long. Flowers white, rarely blue. Pedicels short. Corolla 3 lines long, hairy upwards; Nuts ovoid-oblong, tubereulate ; sepals in fruit 3 or 4 liues long, hispid. Hab : A weed on cultivated land ; not certain if really indigenous. Order LXXXV. CONYOLYULACEJE. Flowers regular. Calyx free, persistent, of 5 distinct much imbricated sepals, rarely united in a 5-toothed or 5-lobed calyx. Corolla campanulate or funnel- shaped or rarely rotate or with a cylindrical-tube, the limb usually spreading, 5-angled or 5-lobed, folded in the bud or very rarely* imbricate. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube, alternate with the lobes or angles of the corolla, often of unequal length ; anthers versatile or almost erect, with 2 parallel cells opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary free, 2, 3 or 4-celled, rarely divided into 2 or 4 distinct carpels, with 1 or 2 erect or ascending ovules in each cell or carpel or 1 - celled with 2 or 4 ovules ; style single or more or less divided into 2 entire or 2- fid branches or styles. Fruit either a capsule opening in 2, 3 or 4 or twice as many valves, leaving the dissepiments attached to the axis, or opening transversely, or bursting irregularly, or succulent and indehiscent. Seeds with a small quantity of mucilaginous albumen or without any ; cotyledons usually very much folded, rarely straight or imperceptible.— Herbs, often twining or rarely shrubs, woody twiners or even trees, or (in Cuscuta) leafless twining parasites. Leaves alternate. Inflorescence various, usually axillary and more or less cymose or peduncles 1 -flowered. Bracts and bracteoles usually small or deciduous, rarely large and persistent. Flowers often large and showy, rarely very small. A considerable Order, widely spread over almost every part of the globe, but most abundant in warm countries Tribe I Convolvuleae. — Corolla-limb plaited or induplicate in bud. * Fruit indehiscent. Stigma large, globose, subsessile 1 Ekycibe. Ovary 4-celled. Style long. Stigmas 2 2. *Ar<;yrbia. Ovary 2-celled. Style long. Stigmas 2 3. Lettsomia. ** Capsule 2 — 4 -valved, or fragile and breaking up. Stigmas 2, globose. Filaments linear or dilated near the base 4. Ii>om«ea. Filaments with an oblong process near the base -5. Lepistemon. Ovary 1 -celled. Stigmas short-oblong. Bracts enclosing the calyx. ... 6. Calysteoia. Ovary 2-celled. Style 1. Stigmas short-oblong 7. Convolvulus. Stigmatic lobes 4 to 8, or rarely 2. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell 8. Polymeria. Ovary 2-celled Styles 2, each with 2 linear stigmas 9. E volvulus. Styles 2, or 1 deeply 2-partite. Stigmas capitate 10. Brkwekia. Tribe II. Dichondreae. Corolla plicate or induplicate in the bud. Ovary deeply 2 — ilobed. Corolla-lobes induplicate. Ovary 2-lobed, 2-ovulate 11 Dichonura. Tribe III. Cresseae. — Corolla-lobes imbricate in bud. Leaves small, sessile. Sepals distinct. Styles 2 12. Cressa Tribe IV. Cuscuteae. — Leafless, yellowish, twining parasites. Corolla small, campanulate or ovoid 13. Cuscuta LXXXY. CONVOLVULACEjE. 1058 1. ERYCIBE, Roxb. (Probably from the Malabar name “ Erima-Tali.”) Corolla with a short tube, the limb spreading, of 5 deeply 2-Iobed divisions, the lobes in the bud closely folded over each other, the divisions themselves eontorted-imbricate. Ovary 1-celled, with 4 erect ovules ; stigma sessile, large and thick, divisible into 2, but marked outside with 5 or 10 angles or furrows (the result of the impression of the folds of the corolla or of the stamens in the bud). Fruit an indehiscent berry, containing usually a single seed. — Tall, woody evergreen climbers. Leaves entire. Flowers small, in short dense racemes, cymes or clusters, either all axillary or the upper ones in a terminal leafless panicle. The genus consists of very few species, very nearly allied to each other, spread over tropical Asia. 1. E. paniculata (flowers in panicles), Roxb.; PL Corom. ii. 81 t. 159 ; Benth. FI. Amtr. iv. 411. A very tall woody climber, the young branches under side of the young leaves and inflorescence more or less rusty-tomentose or villous, the adult foliage glabrous or nearly so. Leaves shortly petiolate, oval-elliptical, more or less acuminate, entire, coriaceous, mostly 8 to 4in. long. Flowers yellow, in short dense racemes or compact panicles, the lower ones often axillary and much shorter than the leaves, the upper ones forming, in the few Australian specimens seen, a small narrow terminal panicle, which, in the Indian ones, is usually large and much branched. Sepals orbicular, a little more than 1 line long, hairy outside. Corolla-tube scarcely so long as the sepals; limb spreading to 8 or 4 lines diameter, pubescent outside, the divisions deeply and broadly 2-lobed. Filaments attached to the base of the tube ; anthers ovoid, acuminate, with rather long points. Berry in the Indian specimens ovoid, above Yin. long. — DC. Prod. ix. 464; Wight, Illustr. t. 180 ; Rheede, Hort. Mai. vii., t. 39. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, J DaUacliy (without fruit). Widely spread over E. India and the Archipelago, and including probably some other described species, the differential characters in the whole genus being as yet very vague and uncertain. — Benth. Var. eoccineu, Bail. Bot. Bull. viii. “ Nangbro,’’ Cairns, E. Cowley. I find the colour of berry is very seldom recorded in the descriptions given of the species or varieties of this genus ; but in all cases where the berries of E. paniculata are spoken of they are said to be black, thus differing from this variety, in which they are, when fresh, described as of a pleasing cardinal-red colour ; and they were quite red when they reached my hands fr un Cairns. In form oval, about 4 to nearly fin. long, rather fleshy, containing a single seed Hab.: Kamerunga, Miss Cowley. 2. ARGYREIA, Lour. (From the silvery covering of plants.) Scandent rarely sub-erect shrubs. Leaves from cordate-ovate to narrow- lanceolate, silky-hirsute or pubescent. Cymes sessile or pedunculate, capitate or corymbose. Flowers showy, purple or rose, rarely white. Sepals from orbicular to lanceolate, subequal, or the inner smaller, appressed to the fruit, often somewhat enlarged. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb plaited, very shortly lobed. Stamens included ; anthers oblong, never twisting. Ovary completely 4-eelled, 4-ovuled ; disk annular, often prominent, as long as the ovary ; style filiform ; stigmas 2, sessile, globose. Fruit indehiscent, baccate or dry, hard or papery, 4 to 1-seeded. — Hook. FI. of Brit. Ind. iv. 184. 1. A. speciosa (beautiful), Sweet. Hort. Brit. ed. ii. 373. An extensive climber, stems stout, white-tomentose. Leaves 6 to 12in. diameter, ovate- cordate, acute, glabrous above, persistently white-tomentose beneath, petioles long. Peduncles stout, 3 to Gin. long ; flowers subcapitate ; bracts large, ovate-lanceolate, acute, thin, softly woolly, deciduous ; corolla 2 or 3in. long, 1054 LXXXV. CONVOLVULACEgE. [Aryyreia. tubular, funnel-shaped, rosy, woolly. Fruit Jiu. in diameter, globose, apiculate, brown-yellow, nearly dry. — Hook. FI. of Brit. Ind. iv. 185 ; Wight, Ic. t. 851 ; Lcttsomia speciosa and L. nervosa, Roxb.; Ipomcea speciosa, Blume, Bot. Mag. 2446. Hab.: India and Java. Met with as a stray from garden culture in Queensland. 3. LETTSOMIA, Roxb. (After John Coakley Lettsom, M.D., F.S.A.) Sepals orbicular, elliptic, or oblong, in fruit often somewhat thickened or enlarged. Corolla tubular funnel-shaped ; limb plicate, lobes usually shallow. Stamens included or exserted ; anthers oblong or linear, never twisting. Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled ; disk annular, usually prominent ; style filiform ; stigmas 2, subsessile, globose. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds 4 or 1. Scandent more or less hairy shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided, base often rounded or cordate. Cymes axillary, peduncled, densely corymbose or capitate, bracteate. — C. B. Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 191. 1. L. Soutteri (after Wm, Soutter), hail. 3rd Suppl. Syn. Ql. FI. A climbing plant with white silvery terete or nearly terete stems. Leaves from obiong-lanceolate and 2Ain. long, to ovate-cordate and exceeding Gin. in length, and more or less acuminate, upper surface glabrous and green, under surface silvery white, the primary veins prominent on both sides, 7 to 9 pairs, petioles 1 to 2Jin. long, grooved. Peduncles about as long as the petioles, bearing a head of few white-coloured flowers ; bracts ovate, densely clothed with long silky hairs. Sepals about Jin. long, ovate, glabrous on the inner surface, silky on the outer. Corolla about lin. long, the diameter of expanded Gower rather above lin., lobed more than half-way down, lobes silky-hairy except the infolded margins. Stamens much shorter than the lobes of the corolla, hairy at the base. Disk prominent. Hab.: Johnstone ltiver. This plant was received by Mr. William Soutter, the late manager of the Queensland Acclimatisation Society, in 1886, attached to the stem of a fern-tree from the Johnstone. I place it in the above genus from the ovary examined (only one flower seen) appearing rather 2 than 4-celled. 4. IPOMCEA, Linn. (From ipo, bindweed, omoios, similar ; resembling the Convolvulus.) (Pharbitis, Batatas, Calonyction, Quamoclit, Aniseia, rind Skinneria, Clwis.) Corolla campanulate or with a cylindrical tube ; the limb spreading, entire, angular or rarely deeply lobed, folded in the bud. Ovary 2 or 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, or more or less perfectly 4-celled hy the addition of a spurious dissepiment between the ovules. Style filiform ; stigma capitate, entire, or with 2 short globular or rarely almost ovate lobes. Fruit a dry capsule. — Twining prostrate creeping or rarely low and erect herbs or woody climbers. Leaves entire lobed or divided into distinct segments or leaflets. Flowers often large and showy, axillary, solitary or in dichotomous cymes or rarely in irregular racemes. A large genus, dispersed over all warm climates, very few species being found without the tropics, either in the New or the Old World. * The distribution of the numerous species into distinct genera has been frequently attempted, but has been prarti ally unsuccessful. The separation of the species with a bypocrateriform corolla and exserted stamens is perhaps the most definite, but a very unnatural one, as it would associate 1. Bona-nox with 7. Quamoclit. Pharbitis with a 3-merous pistil, is quite as artificial, as it would include I. dissecta with I. hederacea and its allies, besides that the character is sometimes inconstant in the same species. The spurious dissepiments of Batatas are often very imperfect or disappear altogether. The ovary of Skinneria is not 1-locular, as had been sup- posed, although the dissepiment dries up as the fruit enlarges. The inequality of the sepals in Ipomcca.] LXXXV. CONVOLVULACE^E. 1055 some sp?cies of Aniseia is not greater than in several species retained in lpomcea. The spiral twisting of the anthers after emitting their pollen, so characteristic of some of the large-calyxed species is but slig t or uncertain in others. And notwithstanding gn at differences in the form of the corolla, in the dehiscence of the capsule, and indumentum of the seeds, no good natural groups founded upon any of these characters have as yet been proposed. As a whole, the genus Ipomoea itself can scarcely be said to be a very well marked nor a very natural one ; it is distinguished from Argyreia by the dry capsular fruit usually, but not always, opening in valves, and from Convolvulus only by the globular or orbicular stigma or stigmatic lobes. The series of species here proposed are too artificial, and not always sufficiently distinct, to be given as sections, but they are the best I have been able to frame for the determination of the Australian species. — Benth. Series I. Digitata.'. — Leaves digitately divided into deep lobes or distinct segments or leaflets. Flowers of the Speciosae, or rarely of the Campanulatae. Leaves palmatel’y or almost pedately several-lobed. Flowers large in loose cymes 1.2. digitata. Stem glabrous or slightlv hairy. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute-angular or more or less lobed. Flowers about 2in. diameter 2.* I. Batatas. Leaves divided into 5 or 7 ovate or lanceolate entire segments. Flowers large. Plant glabrous or hairy. Sepals nearly equal. Seeds pubescent or hairy. Leaf-segments usually confluent at the base 3. 7. palmata. Inner sepals nearly twice as large as the outer ones. Seeds glabrous. Leaf-segments quite distinct 4 . I. quinata. Leaves divided into 3 to 7 linear usually pinnatifid segments. Corolla nearly 2in. long. (Ovary 2-celled ?) 5. 1. diversifolia. Corolla scarcely Jin long. Ovary 3-celled 6. 1. dissecta Leaves palmate ; leaflets narrow-lanceolate, toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers white or purple, ljin. diameter 7. 7. sinuata. Series II. Pharbitides.— Leaves entire or 3-lobed. Ovary usually 3-celled. Sepals usually long and narrow. Corolla of the Speciosae. Calyx acuminate, above Jin. long. Leaves mostly 3-lobed. Flowers few on the peduncle. Calyx hairs usually spreading 8. 7. hederacea. Leaves mostly entire. Flowers usually several in a compact cyme. Hairs usually appressed 9. 7. congesta. Ca'yx scarcely acuminate, under Jin. long. Leaves mostly entire .... 10.* 7. purpurea. Perennial twiner. Leaves 3-lobed. Peduncles bearing a cyme of several large flowers and lanceolate bracts. Corolla violet-blue, with 5 purple rays 11. *7. Learii. Series III. Calycinee. — Leaves entire or lobed at the base. Ovary 2-celled. Sepals large, obtuse (attaining J to 1 in. after flowering). Corolla large (1J to 3 in. long). Glabrous or nearly so. Braeteoles small. Sepals very large. Corolla broadly campanulate, about 2in. long. Leaves large, mostly peltate 12. l. peltata. Leaves cordate or lanceolate-oblong. Corolla nearly 3in. broad . . . .13. I. calobra. Leaves cordate or hastate, acuminate. Petioles and peduncles often winged 14. 7. alata. Pubescent. Braeteoles large, membranous, deciduous. Corolla campanu- late, ljin. long or rather more 15. 7. Turpethvm. Glabrous or sparingly pubescent. Braeteoles small. Corolla about 3in. long, contracted into a tube at the base. Leaves acuminate. Outer sepals rather larger than the others 10. 1. grandiflora. Stems smooth or muricate. Leaves cordate-ovate, acute, entire or angular or lobed. Peduncles long, 1 — 5-flowered. Corolla large, white, tube long. Seeds glabrous 17. *I.bona-nox. Series IV. Speciosze. — Leaves entire toothed or lobed at the base. Ovary 2-celled or spuriously 4- celled . Sepals moderate or small (rarely attaining J in.) Corolla large flj to 3 in. long), often more or less tubular at the base, usually pink purple or white. Stems prostrale or creeping and rooting at the lower nodes. Maritime plants. Seeds woolly-hairy. Le tves rather thick, very obtuse or emarginate. Ovary more or less 4-eelled. Leaves broad, 2 to 3in. long, the veins prominent 18. 7. Pes-capnc. Leaves sm ill or narrow, the veins scarcely prominent 19. 7. carnosa. Leaves rateer thin. Ovary 2-celled. Leaves acute or acuminate. Seeds woolly-hairy ... ... 20. 7. reptans. 1056 LXXXV. CONVOLVULACEiE. ! I pollut'd * I. eaves obtuse or acute. Seeds glabrous 24. I. denticulata. ems twining (sometimes creeping in 7. denticulata ). Corolla 2£ to above 3in. long. Leaves linear-lanceolate, not cordate. Stems slender 21. 7. yraminea. Leaves broadly ovate-cordate. Stems woody at the base. Pubescent or villous 22. I. velutina. Glabrous 23. 7. abmpta. Corolla 1£ to 2in. long or scarcely more. Leaves cordate or hastate. Peduncles usually much shorter than the rather long pedicels. Sepals obtuse or mucronate. Leaves mostly obtusely auriculate . . 24. 7. denticulata . Sepals acuminate. Leaves mostly hastate 25. 7. gracilis. Peduncles mostly longer than the short pedicels. Leaves cordate. Corolla above l^in. long. Seeds glabrous . 26. 7. scjiiaria. Corolla scarcely l^in. long. Seeds villous 27, 7. Muelleri. Susies Y. Campanulatae. — Leaven entire toothed or lohed at the base. Ovary 2-celled. Corolla moderate or small ( rarely exceeding 1 in.), usually broadly campanulate, yellow white or- pin!;. Stems twining. Flowers several together in pedunculate cymes or racemes, the pedicels usually short. Leaves cordate-ovate or lanceolate. Cymes many-flowered. Sepals obtuse, coriaceous. Corolla lin. long, white. Capsule acuminate . . 28. 7. cymosa. Leaves narrow, not cordate. Kacemes or cymes loose, few -flowered. Sepals acute. Corolla small, yellow. Capsule 1-eelled 29. 7. linifolia Leaves cordate. Cymes dense or few-flowered. Sepals obtuse. Corolla yellow. Capsule globular, at length rugose. Sepals squarrose. Corolla small. Seeds pubescent 30. 7. chryseides. Sepals not squarrose. Corolla nearly lin. long. Seeds glabrous . . . 31. I.Jlava. Steins twining. Flowers solitary or rarely 2 or 3 together, the peduncles and pedicels mostly longer than the calyx. Leaves peiiolate. Leaves comate, ovate, entire. Sepals small, obtuse 32. 7. obscura. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, deeply toothed or loi ed below the middle. Sepals narrow, acute 33. 7. incisa. Leaves oblong or linear, not cordate, entire. Sepals large, acute, the outer ones broad and decurrent 34. 7. uniflora. Leaves sessile, narrow, toothed at the base or hastate 35. 7. angmtifolia. Stems twining. Flowers small, solitary or several together, sessile or with very short peduncles and pedicels. Leaves from cordate to lanceolate. Pedicels mostly about as long as the calyx. Capsule glabrous .... 36. 7. plebeia. b lowers nearly sessile. Capsule pubescent or villous 37. 1. eriocarpa. Stems erect or ascending, not twining. Leaves not cordate, usually narrow. Flowers small. Plant hairy. Leaves entire toothed or lobed. Flowers nearly sessile . . 38. 7. lieterophylla. Plant tomentose or densely villous. Leaves entire. Flowers solitary or in small cymes on a more or less elongated peduncle 39. 7. erecta. Series VI. Hypocrateriformes. Leaves entire or pinnatifid. Ovary 2 -cell'd or spuriously 4 -celled. Corolla with a cylindrical narrow tube, and spreading nearly flat limb. Steins twinh-g. Leaves entire or lobed. Flowers red orange or yellow. Ovary 4-celled . 40. *7. coccinea. Leaves pinnatifid, with linear-subulate lobes. Flowers red or white. Ovary 4-celled 41. *7. Quamoclit. Steins twining, silky. Leaves cordate, entire or 3-lobed. Peduncles 3- flowTered. Involucre of several linear bracts long as the calyx 42. 7. cataract# . 1. I. digitata (finger-leaved), [.inn.; Meisxn. in Mart. FI. Bras. vii. 27s, Stems trailing or twining sometimes to a great length, the whole plant glabrous. Leaves palmately or almost pedately divided to below the middle into 5 to 9 ovate-lanceolate obtuse or acuminate lobes, the whole leaf often 6 to 8in. long and broad. Peduncles longer than the petiole and sometimes 8 to lOin. long, bearing a cyme of several large purple or pink flowers. Sepals broad, very obtuse, 8 to 4 lines long. Corolla campanulate, shortly tubular at the base, 2in. long or more, pink-purple. Anthers large, undulate but scarcely twisted. Ovary 2-celled or more or less 4-celled by spurious dissepiments between the seeds especially at the top. Capsule Ain. diameter or even larger. Seeds densely woolly- villous. — 1. paniculata, K. Br. Prod. 486 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 415 ] Ipomrea.] LXXXV. CONVOLVULACErE. 1057 Bot. Reg. t. 62 ; Batatas paniculata, Chois. Conv. Or. and in DC. Prod. ix. 389 ; /. insiynis, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 636; Bot. Reg. t. 75; Bot. Mag. t. 1790 (a form with less deeply divided leaves, which occurs also in Australia) ; I. plavtcnsis , Bot. Mag. t. 3685. Hab : Cape York, Jar dine ; Palm Island, Banks and Solander ; Port Molle, MJliUivray ; Rockingham Bay, Dalluchy. A maritime plant, not uncommon on the coasts of tropical Asia, Africa, and America. 2. : I. Batatas (original name of the Sweet Potato), Lam.: Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 262. Sweet Potato. A glabrous or sparingly hairy tuberous plant. Tubers red, white or yellow. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, angular, or more or less lobed. Peduncles long, many-flowered. Sepals elliptic, shortly acute, glabrous. Corolla 2in. diameter, and purple upwards. Ovary 4-celled. Capsule 4-celled, or by suppression 8 to 1-celled. — Convolvulus Batatas, Linn.; C. edulis, Thunb.; C. esculenttis, Salisb.; Batatux edulis, Chois.; B. xanthorhiza, Bojer. Hort. Maurit. 225; Rumph, Herb. Amb. v, t. 130; Rheede, Hort. Mai. vii.t. 50. Hab.: America. Found as a stray from cultivation. 3. I. palmata (leaves palmate), Forsk.; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 386; Benth . FI. Austr. iv. 415. A glabrous tw'iner, the old stems often more or less tuberculate or muricate. Leaves digitately divided nearly or rarely quite to the base into 5 to 7 ovate-lanceolate lanceolate or oblong lobes, obtuse or rarely acute, 1 to 2in. long. Peduncles usually several-flowrered and as long as or longer than the petioles ; pedicels rather long. Sepals broad, obtuse, 3 to 4 lines long, all nearly equal. Corolla purple, pink or white, campanulate, but contracted into a tube towards the base, 1^ to 2in. long, the angles or short broad lobes generally terminating in acute points. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule globular, as long as the calyx. Seeds pubescent and usually bordered by long silky hairs. — I. pcndula , R. Br. Prod. 486; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 613; Bot. Reg. t. 632 ; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 387, with most of the synonyms adduced (but not T. Horsfallm, Hook.) ; I. pulchella, Roth, and I. tuberculata , Roem. and Schult., Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 886, with most but not all of the synonyms adduced. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, F.v. Mueller; Moreton Bay, Fraser, F. v. Mueller : Ipswich, Nernst ; Rockhampton, O’Shanesy ; Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy ; Mackenzie Island, Thozet : Curtis Island, Henne. The species is widely dispersed over tropical Asia, Africa, and America. 4. I. quinata (leaf-segments 5), R. Br. Prod. 486 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 415. A rather slender twiner, glabrous or the stems and foliage more or less hirsute w'ith long spreading hairs. Leaves digitate, with 5 distinct lanceolate or narrow-oblong obtuse entire segments, 1 to Hin. long, contracted at the base. Peduncles usually 1 -flowered and shorter than the leaves. Sepals ovate, the outermost about 3 lines long, the innermost nearly or quite twice as long. Corolla white or pale-pink, campanulate but contracted into a tube towards the base, nearly 2in. long, very shortly and broadly lobed or angled. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule iin. long, somewhat acuminate. Seeds glabrous. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 385 ; I. hirsuta, R. Br. Prod. 486 ; I. pentadactylis, Chois. Conv. Or., and in DC. Prod. ix. 385 ; Convolvulus quinatus, Spreng. Syst. i. 590. Hab.: Cape York and Port Molle, M'Gillivray ; Rockingham Bay, J. Dallachy. The species is also in Burmah and S. China. 5. I. diversifolia (leaves various), R. Br. Brad. 487 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 416. Stems very slender, trailing or twining, glabrous as well as the foliage. Leaves digitate, with very narrow linear segments, entire or more frequently toothed or pinnatifid. the central one 1 to 2in. long, the others much shorter. 1058 LXXXV. CONVOLVULACEiE. [Ipomcea. Peduncles rather short and thick, mostly 1 -flowered. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, nearly equal or the inner ones rather longer. Corolla nearly 2in. long, contracted into a tube towards the base. Capsule glabrous, globular, nearly as long as the calyx. — Convolvulus diversifolius, Spreng. Syst. i. 5y2. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. The leaves are not unlike those of the slender forms of I. dissecta, to which Choisy refers it, but the flowers are totally different. — Benth. 6. I. dissecta (leaves much divided), Willd. Phytogr. 5, t. 2; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 416. Stems annual, slender, trailing or twining, glabrous as well as the foliage. Leaves digitate, with 8, 5 or rarely 7 linear or linear-cuneate segments, acute and once or even twice pinnatifid and toothed. Peduncles 1 or rarely 2-flowered, short, but said to be often longer than the leaves in Indian specimens. Sepals ovate or lanceolate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, all nearly equal, 2 to 24 lines long, often muricate on the midrib. Corolla white, cam- panuiate, about twice as long as the calyx. Anthers oval-oblong, slightly twisted when fading. Ovary 3-celled; stigma capitate, 3-lobed. — R. Br. Prod. 487 ; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 363 (partly) ; 7. coptica, Roth ; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 384. Hab.: Burdekin River, Bowman: Norman River, T. Gulliver: Einasleigh River, JR. K. Arndt . The species extends over tropical Asia and Africa. 7. I. sinuata (leaves sinuate), Ortega. Dec. 84 ; Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Jnd. iv. 214 ; F. v. M. Fragm. viii. 17. A tall twiner, having the branches petioles and peduncles very hairy or glabrous. Leaves palmate, glabrous or nearly so, 2 to 4in. diameter ; leaflets narrowly lanceolate, toothed or pinnatifid ; the midrib sometimes hirsute. Peduncles 1 to 2-fid. Sepals nearly lin. long, elliptic-oblong, glabrous. Corolla ljin., campanulate, white with purple throat. Capsule 4 to 6 lines diameter, glabrous, 2-celled, normally 4-seeded. Seeds 3 lines diameter, glabrous or nearly so. Hab.: Peak Downs, A. Thozet, and Bowen River, Robert Fitzgerald (F v. M.) A native of tropical America, widely spread in the Old World. 8. I. hederacea (Ivy-like), Jacq. Collect, i. 124; lc. i. t. 36; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 416. A tall herbaceous twiner, more or less hirsute, the hairs of the stem reflexed. Leaves petiolate, broadly cordate, more or less 3 or 5-lobed, the lobes acuminate, the middle one broad or narrow (but not linear), contracted or ■dilated at the base, the lateral ones shorter and broader, the whole leaf from 14 to 4in. long. Peduncles short or rarely longer than the petioles, with 2 or 3 nearly sessile flowers at the end. Bracts linear. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, broader and hispid with long hairs at the base, from 4in. to nearly lin. long. Corolla blue or purple, often above 2in. long. Ovary almost always 3-celled. — R. Br. Prod. 486 ; Bot. Reg. t. 85 ; I. nil, Roth, Catal. Bot. i. 36 ; Pharbitis nil and hederacea, Chois. Conv. Or. and in DC. Prod. ix. 343, 344, with most, if not all, of the synonyms quoted ; Convolvulus nil, Linn., Bot. Mag. t. 188. Hab.: Booby Island, Banks and Solander ; Cleveland Bay, Johnson; Suttor and Burdekin Rivers, Leichhardt, Bowman ; Cape and Hinders Rivers, Bowman; Rockingham Bay, Dallaclnj : Gilbert River, R. Daintree ; Rockhampton, Thozet; Moreton Bay, Backhouse. Var. limbata, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5720. Flowers of a deep-blue, with a pale or white margin. — Pharbitis limbata. Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. v. 33 ; Henfr. in Gard. Mag. Bot. ii., with a fig., copied into FI. des Serres, t. 008, and Lem. Jard. Fleur, t. 97. The species is common in most tropical and subtropical regions of the New as well as the Old World, in some places, perhaps, escaped from cultivation. — Benth. Seeds said to be a quick and effective cathartic. In India known by the name “ Kala-dana” (black seed). The seeds are roasted like coffee, powdered, and a iministered in doses of from 30 to 40 grains in any convenient vehicle Ipomcea.] LXXXV. CONVOLVULACEtE. 1059 9. I. congesta (flowers crowded), R. Br. Prod. 495 ; Benth. FI. Anstr. iv. 417. A tall hirsute twiner, nearly allied to I. liederacea, but generally larger and the hairs less spreading. Leaves broadly cordate-ovate, acuminate, entire for obscurely 3-lobed ?), usually 3 to 4in. long. Peduncles longer than in I. hederacea, bearing a dense cyme of 3 or more large blue purple or pink flowers. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, fin. long. Corolla nearly 3in. long. Ovary 3-celled. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 369 ; Convolvulus congestus, Spreng. Syst. i. 601 ; Pharbitis insularis, Chois. Conv. Or. and in DC. Prod. ix. 341. Hah.: Endeavour River , Banks and Solander ; Rockingham Bay, -J. Dallachy ; Lady Elliott’s Island. A. Thozet. Also in Norfolk Islands and in the islands of the S. Pacific. 10. *1. purpurea (purple), Roth, Catal. i. 36; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 417. Stems twining, more or less hirsute, with reflexed hairs or rarely glabrous. Leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, entire or very rarely somewhat 3-lobed, glabrous or the petioles and veins pubescent, nearly 2 to 4in. long. Peduncles longer than the petioles, bearing 1, 2 or 3 pedicellate flowers. Bracts small and narrow. Sepals lanceolate, scarcely acuminate, under ^in. long, mostly hairy at the base. Corolla often above 2in. long, purple blue pink or rarely white or variegated, campanulate, more or less tubular towards the base. Ovary 3-celled. — Convolvulus pur pure us, Linn.; Bot. Mag. t. 113, 1005, 1682 ; Pharbitis liispida, Chois. Conv. Or. and in DC. Prod. ix. 341. Hab.: An American species, found near all settlements as a stray from garden culture. 11. :;T. Learii (after J. G. Lear), Pa.vt. Mag. of Bot. vi. A perennial hairy twiner. Leaves 3-lobed, 3 to 5in. long, underside pale. Peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves, bearing a cyme of several flowers accompanied by linear- lanceolate bracts. Calyx hairy. Sepals erect, linear-lanceolate. Corolla lilac in the bud, expanded limb 4 or 5in. diameter, of a rich violet-blue, with 5 purple rays. Stamens unequal, included. Style long as the tube. Ovary 3 or 4-celled surrounded by a 5-lobed disk. Stigma granulated. — Pharbitis Learii, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1811, t. 56: Bot. Mag. t. 3928. Hab.: Buenos Ayres. Naturalised near townships. 12. I. peltata (leaves peltate), Chois. Conv. Or. and in DC. Prod. ix. 359 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 418. A tall woody twiner, with a milky juice (Seenunm), covering whole trees with its dark green foliage [Dallachy), quite glabrous or the veins of the leaves hairy underneath. Leaves broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, more or less peltate or the upper ones cordate with a narrow sinus, 6 to lOin. long. Flowers large, usually white, in loose cymes on a common peduncle usually shorter than the petiole. Sepals broad, obtuse, coriaceous, nearly equal, about fin. long when in flower. Corolla broadly campanulate, at least 2in. long. Anthers large, glabrous (woolly according to Choisy). Fruit not seen. Hub.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. Also in the Mascarene Islands, in the Indian Archipelago, and in the islands of the S. Pacific. The flowers are white, according to Dallachy and Seemann, white or purplish according to Desrousseaux (Lam. Diet. iii. 672), sulphur-coloured according to Biume, yellow according to Choisy. — Benth. 13. I. calobra (an aboriginal name), Hill and F. v. M. Fragnt. xi. 73 and 137. “Calobra,” Barcoo, HUD, “ Weir,” Moonie and Balonne Rivers, Fitzgerald (F. v. M.). A tall twiner from a large often somewhat turnip-shaped tuber. Leaves cordate or lanceolate-oblong, often exceeding 4in. broad, glabrous, entire, the lateral nerves rather distant. Sepals exceeding iin. long, broadly ovate, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla nearly 3in. broad, reddish at the centre, paler outwards. Stamens short, inserted near the base of the corolla-tube, hairy at the base. 1060 LXXXV. CONVOLVULACErE. [ lpomeea . Anthers narrow, at last spirally twisting. Style capillary, glabrous, short. Capsule globose-ovate, attenuating to a point, about lin. long, 4-valved, 2-celled, 4-seeded. Seeds glabrous, dark-brown, about Jin. long, elliptic, 3-angular and smooth. Hab.: Mulga scrubs, Barcoo River, W. Hill; Moonie and Balonne Rivers, R. Fitzgerald (F. v. M.) 14. I. alata (winged), R. Br. Prod. 484; Bentli. FI. Atustr. iv. 418. A tall twiner, quite glabrous. Leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminute with the point usually long and fine, sometimes angular or lobed at the base, 3 to 4in. long, the petiole often winged. Peduncles rather longer than the petiole, often winged, bearing each a single rather large white flower. Sepals very broad, obtuse, coloured, nearly lin. long at the time of flowering, Corolla campanulate, about 2in. long. Capsule globose, about lin. diameter, bursting irregularly. Seeds glabrous. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 369 ; Convolvulus alatvs, Spreng. Syst. i. 596. Hab.: Thursday Island. Specimens of a dead plant, which 1 believe to be this species. The S. American I. altissinui, Mart., and the Central American I. codonantha, Benth., cannot in the dried state, when in flower, be distinguished from I. alata. There may, however, be differences in the seeds, and we have no similar species either from Asia or Africa. — Benth. 15. I. Turpethum (from “ Turbith,” the Arabic name of the root used as a drug), It. Br. Prod. 485 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 418. “ Kar-kor,” Cloncurry. Palmer. A tall twiner, the young parts, foliage, and inflorescence softly pubescent, the old stems often bordered by narrow longitudinal wings. Leaves petiolate, mostly broadly cordate-ovate and acuminate, but sometimes obtuse or angular at the base, 2 to lin. long, or when luxuriant twice that size. Peduncles usually shorter than the leaves, bearing a short raceme of few rather large white flowers, but sometimes 1 -flowered. Bracts ovate, thin, coloured, 4 to lin. long, very deciduous. Pedicels at first short and thick, but lengthening to lin. Outer sepals broadly ovate, often fin. at the time of flowering and lengthening to lin., the inner ones rather smaller. Anthers large, much twisted when fading. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule much shorter than the calyx, globular, membranous. Seeds glabrous.- — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 360 ; Bot. Reg. t. 279 ; Convolvulus Turpethum, Linn.; Bot. Mag. t. 2093 ; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. t. Suppl. 88; I. anccps and I. triquetra, Rcein. and Schult.; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 360; Anjxjreia alulata, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. ii. 587. Hab.: Broadsound, R. Brown; Lizard Island, M'Gillivray ; Sir Charles Hardy’s Island, Henne ; ^uttor River, Bowman; Flinders Riv -r, Sutherland; Rockhampton, O’Shanesy. The species extends from the Mauritius and Ceylon over the peninsula of India, the Himalayas, and the Eastern Archipelago, as far north as Formosa, and is also said to be in the West Indies, probably introduced from Asia. — Benth. 16. I. grandiflora (flowers large), Lam. III. i. 467 ; Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 198. A tall twiner, the stems often softly muricate. Leaves petiolate, broadly cordate-ovate, acuminate, entire or somewhat 3-lobed, witL rounded auricles, mostly 2 to 4in. long. Peduncles shorter or rather longer than the petioles, bearing 1 or rarely 2 or 3 large (pale purple or pink ?) flowers. Bracts very small ; pedicels short. Sepals obtuse, J to fin. long, all nearly equal in length, but the outer ones broad and almost cordate at the base, of a much firmer consistence than in I. Turpethum, and when in fruit above lin. long. Corolla 2^ to 3in. long, the tube cylindrical at the base but dilated upwards and not nearly so slender as in 1 bona-nox. Anthers included in the tube. Capsule ovoid or globular, f to lin. diameter or even larger. Seeds large, minutely silky-pubescent, and usually, but not always, either bordered or covered all over with long woolly hairs. — I. longiflora, R. Br. Prod.; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 418; Ipoincra. J LXXXV. CONVOLVULACErE. 10G1 1. macranthu, Ilium, and Sch.; J. Tuba, G. Don, Syst. iv. 270 ; Meissn. in Mart. FI. Bras. vii. 210 ; Calonyction grandifloruin , Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 346 ; Rheede, Hort. Mai. xi. t. 50. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Burdekiu River, the root eaten by the natives, Bowman ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, O'Slianesy. 17. *1. bona-nox (good night), Linn. Moonflower. An extensive climber, the stem often muricate. Leaves cordate-ovate, glabrous, entire or angular or lobed, 2 to 8in. long, the petioles 3 to 6in. Peduncles 2 to 6in. ; bracts caducous. Flowers 1 to 5. Sepals ^in. long, usually ovate, obtuse, mucronate or shortly acute ; in fruit unaltered or slightly enlarged. Corolla white ; tube slender, about 3in. long ; limb 3 to Sin. diameter, -white or plaits greenish. Anthers shortly exserted or subincluded. Capsule narrowed upwards, about lin. diameter. — Bot. Mag. t. 752; Meissn. in Mart. FI. Bras. vii. 215; Calonyction speciosum, Chois. Convolv. Or. 59 t. 1, fig. 4. Hab.: A native of tropical America, now naturalised in Queensland and other warm countries. / 18. I. Pes-caprae (goat’s foot), Roth, Nov. Sp. PI. 109 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 419. “ Walno-jo,” Mt. Cook, Both. A glabrous perennial, with long prostrate creeping or trailing stems. Leaves on long petioles, oval obovate or orbicular, broadly emarginate or very obtusely 2-lobed, rather thick, -with nearly parallel oblique veins, the lower ones converging at the base of the leaf, mostly 2 to 3in. long. Peduncles often as long as the leaves, bearing 1 or 2 rather large pink flowers on rather long pedicels. Sepals obtuse, about 3 lines long or the inner ones rather longer. Corolla broadly campanulate, somewhat tubular at the base, about lAin. long. Ovary more or less perfectly 4-celled, at least at the time of flowering. Capsule 2-celied, ovoid or nearly globular, coriaceous, A to fin. long. Seeds hairy. — Convolvulus Pes-capra, Linn. Spec. PI. 226 ; C. maritimus, Desr. in Lam. Diet. iii. 550 ; Iponuca maritima, R. Br. Prod. 486 ; Bot. Reg. t. 319, and probably all the synonyms adduced by Choisy in DC. Prod. ix. 349, under I. Pes-caprcc except I. carnosa : I. biloba, Forsk. FI. yEg.-Arab. 44 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 212 ; Batatas maritima , Bojer, Hort. Maurit. 224 ; Rumph. Herb. Amb. v. t. 159, fig. 1 ; Rheede, Hort. Mai. xi. t. 57. Hab.: Torres Straits, F. v. Mueller; Harvey Bay, Sandy Cape, R. Brown; Port Denison, Fitzalan; Kdgecombe Bay, Dallachy; Mackenzie Island, SutherU’.nd; Nerang, Rev. B. Scor- techini ; a very common plant on the coastlands. The species is common on the seacoasts of most tropical countries in the New as well as the Old World. Although placed by Choisy in Ipomcea, there is generally a more or less developed, spurious, transverse dissepiment between the ovules and young seeds, subdividing each cell into two. — Bentli. Roots eaten after being baked and hammered on stones, Roth. 19. X. carnosa (fleshy), B. Br. Prod. 485 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 420. A prostrate or creeping glabrous perennial. Leaves petiolate, mostly ovate or oblong, very obtuse or emarginate, cordate at the base, thick and somew’hat fleshy, penniveined, and J to lin. long, but sometimes with 1 or 2 very prominent basal lobes on each side, and in some specimens (not Australian) long and narrow with a hastate base. Peduncles short, bearing 1 or rarely 2 or 3 rather large white flowers. Sepals rather narrow, 4 to 5 lines long at the time of flowering, subsequently enlarged, the outer ones mucronate-acute, the inner ones obtuse and often rather longer. Corolla campanulate, about ljin. long. Capsule nearly globular, more or less perfectly 4-celled, about Ain. diameter, glabrous. Seeds densely woolly-bairy. — Convolvulus carnosus, Spreng. Syst. i. 60 ; Batatas littoralis and B. acetosafolia, Chois, in DC Prod. ix. 337, 338, with most, if not all, of the synonyms adduced ; Convolvulus stoloniferus, Cyr. PI. Rar. 14. t. 5 ; Iyomcea acetoscefolia , Room, and Sch.; Meissn. in Mart. FI. Bras. vii. 255 t. 94. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R Brown. The species is dispersed along the coasts of the warmer regions of Asia, Africa, and America, extending beyond the tropics to the shores of the Mediterranean. Although placed by Choisy in a 1062 LXXXV. CONVOLVE LACE^E. [Ipomcea. different genus from I. Bes-capric, it is very nearly allied to it, differing chiefly in the narrower, more fleshy, and less prominently veined leaf, and the spurious dissepiments usually, but not always, more perfect and more permanent in the fruit Grisebaeh (FI. Brit. W. Ind. 471) places it in a section with glabrous seeds, but I have always found them very woolly in American as well as in African and European specimens. — Benth. 20. I. reptans (creeping), Poir.; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 349 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 4z0. A glabrous perennial, with long, prostrate, trailing or floating and hollow steins, often rooting at the nodes and sometimes bearing short ascending branches. Leaves on long petioles, from ovate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, always cordate or hastate at the base, the angles rounded or produced into broad or narrow acute auricles, the leaf usually 2 to 4in. long, but rarely on the smaller branches a few small ovate-cordate and obtuse ones. Peduncles 1 or few-flowered. Sepals rather obtuse, 8 to 4 lines long. Corolla not so broad as in the two preceding species, more tubular at the base, pink-purplish or white, about ljin. long. Filaments hairy at the base. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule globular, coriaceous, apparently indehiscent or bursting irregularly. Seeds large, woolly, often reduced to 2. — I. aquatica, Forsk.; Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 210 ; Rumph. Herb. Amb. v. t 155, fig. i., Rheede, Hort. Mai. xi., t. 52. Hab.: Flinders River, Sutherland; Cape River, Boicman. The species is found in marshy or wet sandy places, or floating in water, in many parts of tropical Asia and Africa. 21 . I. graminea (leaves grass-like), Ft. Br. Prod. 485 ; Benth. FI. A nstr. iv. 421 ' A slender, glabrous twiner. Leaves on short petioles, linear-lanceolate or linear, entire, 4 to 8in. long. Peduncles 1 -flowered, A to ljin. long (including the pedicel), with very small distant bracts. Sepals oblong, obtuse, Jin. long or rather more, the outermost one shorter. Corolla 2J to 3in. long, contracted into a slender tube. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 367 ; Convolvulus tjramineus , Spreng. Syst. i. 607. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller. 22. I. velutina (velvety), Ii. Br. Prod. 485 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 421. A tall twiner, apparently woody at the base, softly velvety-pubescent or villous all over, the hairs usually reflexed on the branches, often silky on the leaves. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, entire, 2 to 4in. long. Peduncles about as long as the petioles or sometimes longer, bearing a dichotomous cyme of several large flowers, rarely reduced to a single flower on the side branches. Bracts very deciduous or none. Sepals broad, very obtuse, glabrous or nearly so, 3 to 4 or even 5 lines long. Corolla fully 3in. long, contracted into a tube at the base. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 369 ; Convolvulus velutinus, Spreng. Syst. i. 601. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Mount Surprise, TF. E. Armit (F. v. M.) 23. I. abrupta (abrupt), II. Br. Prod. 485 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 421. A tall woody twiner, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves petiolate, cordate- ovate, obtusely acuminate or almost acute, entire, from 2 or 3in. long, to twice that size. Flowers large, in pedunculate cymes, rarely reduced on lateral branches to single flowrers. Sepals obtuse, coriaceous, 3 to 4 or rarely 5 lines long. Corolla fully 3in. long, contracted into a tube at the base. Capsule globose, nearly lin. diameter. Seeds dark-brown, thinly-velvety. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 870 ; Fragm. x. 112 ; Convolvulus abruptus, Spreng. Syst. i. 596. Hab.: Burdekin River, Herb. F. Mueller; Rockingham Bay, -T. Dallachy ; Port Denison, E. Fitzalan. 24. I. denticulata (toothed), Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 379, not of R. Br.; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 421. Glabrous or nearly so ; stems rather slender, prostrate and trailing or twining. Leaves petiolate, deeply cordate, ovate, obtuse or acute, Iponnea.] LXXXV. CONVOLVULACEiE. 1063 broad or narrow, the basal auricles rounded, with occasionally an acute tooth or angle on the outer side, the whole leaf 1 to 2in. long. Pedicels rather long, often above lin., solitary or few together on a very short common peduncle, with minute bracts. Sepals obtuse or mucronate, about 4 lines long, coriaceous but often with membranous margins. Corolla li to nearly 2in. long. Capsule depressed-globular, shorter than the calyx, not wrinkled. Seeds glabrous. — I. denticulata, Chois. Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 208 ; I. carnea, Forst. Prod. 15, not of Jacq.; I. Imciyata, Soland. (not Steud.) in Herb. Banks ; I. littoralis, Thw. Enum. PL Zeyi. 211, not of Blume. Hab.: Cape York, Darnel ; Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy ; Daintree River, E. Fitzalan (F. v. M.) Also in Ceylon, the Eastern Archipelago, and in the Society and Sandwich Islands. 25. I. gracilis (slender), It. Br. Prod. 484; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 422. “ Almor-ira,” Palmer River, Both. A rather slender twiner, glabrous or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves on long petioles, lanceolate-hastate or triangular- cordate, acute, mostly 1 to 2in. long, the basal lobes or auricles usually acute long and divergent or curved inwards towards the end, but varying in breadth and sometimes but rarely almost obsuse. Peduncles, including the pedicel, as long as the petioles, bearing a single rather large white flower, the bracts very small. Sepals broadly lanceolate, acute or acuminate or rarely obtuse, 4 to 5 lines long or 6 lines when in fruit. Corolla about 2in. long. Capsule globular, smooth, 5 to 6 lines diameter. Seeds shortly pubescent, with a tuft of longer hairs at the hilum.— Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 870 ; Convolvulus rpacilis, Spreng. Syst. i. 604. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Bowen River and Brawl Creek, Bowman; Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy ; Springsure, F. v. Mueller. Roots roasted and eaten, Roth. 26. I. sepiaria (found in hedges), Keen.; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 370 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 422. A twiner, either quite glabrous or the stems hirsute with long spreading or reflexed hairs. Leaves petiolate, broadly cordate-ovate, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, the basal auricles rounded or angular, mostly 1 to 3in. long. Peduncles rather rigid, longer than the petioles, bearing a dense cyme or cluster of 3 to 5 pink or white flowers on short pedicels. Bracts small, narrow, often persistent. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute or mucronate, varying from 2i to 4 lines in length, the outer ones often rugose. Corolla about 1+in. long. Capsule globular, somewhat depressed, smooth. Seeds glabrous or furred. — Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 209 ; Wight, Ic. t. 838 ; Rheede, Hort. Mai. xi., t. 53. Hab.: Cape River, Bowman (Herb. F v. M.) ; Cooper’s Creek, F. v. Mueller. The species is dispersed over E. India and the Eastern Archipelago. 27. I. Muelleri (after Baron Mueller), Benth. FI. Austr. 423. A glabrous rather slender twiner. Leaves on rather long petioles, very broadly cordate-ovate, obtuse, with rounded basal auricles, entire, 1 to 2in. long. Peduncles shorter or at length longer than the petioles, bearing 1 to 3 flowers on very short pedicels. Bracts very small. Sepals broad, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, 4 to 5 lines long. Corolla apparently pink, rather above lin. long. Capsule globular, smooth, as long as the calyx. Seeds villous. Hab.: Boulia, Dr. IT. E. Roth: Cloncurry, F. v. Mueller. Evidently nearly allied to l. sepiaria, but the flowers are smaller and the seeds villous. — Benth. 28. I. cymosa (flowers ^n cymes), Ram. and Sehult.; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 371 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 423. A rather coarse twiner, glabrous or softly pubescent, usually turning dark brown in drying. Leaves petiolate, from ovate to oblong or lanceolate, shortly acuminate or obtuse, the larger ones broadly cordate or almost sagittate, the narrow ones rounded at the base. Flowers of Part IV. D 1064 LXXXV. CONVOLVULACE.E. [IjHlHUia. •a pure white or with a yellow eye, in cymes of 6 to 12 or even more, rarely solitary or nearly so, on a short rather thick common peduncle. Sepals 2 lo 3 or in some Indian specimens nearly 4 lines long, glabrous, coriaceous, nearly equal in length. Corolla campanulate, lin. long or even larger, often hairy outside at the top. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule shortly acuminate, longer than the calyx. Seeds clothed with long soft loose hairs. — Bot. Reg. 1813, t. 24 ; Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 211 ; Rumph. Herb. Amb. v., t. 158. Hub.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (somet'mes covering the trees with a sheet of white flowers). The species is common in the greater part of India and the Archipelago, and is scarcely to he distinguished from the 1. umbellata of tropical America and Africa, except by the colour of the flowers, which, in the latter species, is yellow. — Benth. 29. I. linifolia (Flax-leaved), Blumc; Chois, in l>c. Prod. ix. 369 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 423. A slender twiner, glabrous or clothed or sprinkled with long silky hairs. Leaves petiolate, narrow-lanceolate, entire, rounded or truncate at the base, 1 to 2in. long. Peduncles slender, mostly about as long as the leaves, bearing sometimes a forked cyme, more frequently a simple loose 1-sided raceme of 3 or more yellow flowers, the bracts small but persistent. Pedicels nearly as long as the calyx. Sepals ovate or lanceolate, acute, nearly equal, 2k to nearly 3 lines long. Corolla campanulate. about fin. long. Ovary 2-celled, but the dissepiment usually drying up after flowering. Capsule small, smooth, globular, usually 1-celled. Seeds 4, glabrous. — Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 205 ; Akinneria cnspitosa, Chois. Conv. Or. t. 6, and in DC. Prod. ix. 435. ITab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. Common in India and the Eastern Archipelago. I refer this plant to Blunie's 1. linifolia, on the authority of a specimen received from Miquel under that name, which agrees well with Blume’s short diagnosis. — Benth. 30. I. chryAeides (flowers like the Chryseis or Eschscholtzia), Ivcr, Pot. liiil. t. 270 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 423. A slender glabrous twiner. Leaves on long petioles, broadly ovate-cordate or almost hastate, acuminate, 1 to 2in. long, entire or with 2 broad rounded and sometimes toothed basal lobes. Peduncles as long as the leaves or nearly so, with 2 spreading branches, each bearing 2 to 4 small yellow flowers, with 1 in the fork. Sepals 2 to 2 k lines long, obovate or broadly oblong, truncate or retuse and herbaceous at the end, with a small recurved point in the centre, giving the cyme a squarrose aspect. Corolla broadly campanulate, not twice as long as the calyx. Stamens and style often as long as the corolla or nearly so. Capsule 3 to 4 lines diameter, nearly globular, with 4 raised longitudinal ribs and usually transversely wrinkled when quite ripe. Seeds pubescent, — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 382 ; 'Wight, Ic. t. 157 ; Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 206. ITab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. Common in E. India and the Archipelago. 31. I. flava (yellow), F. v. M.; Bmth. FI. Austr. iv. 424. A rather slender glabrous twiner. Leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, mostly acuminate, with large rounded or angular basal auricles, or the upper ones lanceolate-sagittate, 1 to 2in. long. Peduncles rather long, bearing an irregular dense cyme of very few yellow or nearly white flowers on short pedicels or sometimes the flower solitary. Bracts very small. Sepals ovate or oblong, obtuse, rigid but smooth and almost membranous, 3 to 4 lines long. Corolla campanulate, apparently about lin. long. Anthers rather large. Capsule globular, coriaceous, at length wrinkled, about 4 lines diameter. Seeds glabrous. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller. 32. I. obscura (obscure), Ker, Bot. Bri/. t. 239 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 424. A slender glabrous or pubescent twiner. Leaves on slender petioles, broadly and deeply cordate- ovate, acuminate, from under lin. to nearly 2in. long and broad. Iponuca.] LXXXV. CONVOLVULACEjE. 1065 Peduncles as long as the petioles, bearing 1 or rarely 2 or 3 yellow flowers. Sepals lanceolate, acute, scarcely 2 lines long in the common form. Corolla campanulate, f to lin. long. Capsule globular, smooth. Seeds pubescent. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 370 ; < 'onvoltmlus ohscurus, Linn. Spec. PI. 220 ; I. luteola, R. Br. Prod. 485 ; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 369 ; I. Brownii, Rmm.and Schult. Syst. iv. 252. Hab.: Keppel Bay, It Brown; Cape River, Bowman. Common in tropical Asia, extending into tropical Africa and eastward to the Archipelago. The Australian specimens seem to have rather smaller flowers than the Indian ones. The species is readily distinguished from its nearest allies by the small calyx. — Benth. 33. I. incisa (leaves cut), U. Br. Prod. 486; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 424. Prostrate trailing or scarcely twining, pubescent villous or nearly glabrous, the branches rather slender but sometimes very long. Lower leaves broadly ovate-cordate and deeply and irregularly toothed or lobed, especially below the middle ; upper ones oblong or lanceolate, hastate or almost digitate with one long central lobe and several short lateral ones. Peduncles long and slender, bearing 1 or rarely 2 or 3 pink or purplish flowers, the pedicels as long as the calyx, the bracts minute. Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or rather obtuse, about 3 lines long. Corolla campanulate, f to nearly lin. long. Ovary 2-celled. Fruiting calyx slightly enlarged, the capsule globular and smooth. Seeds glabrous. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 352 ; Convolrulus incisus , Spreng. Syst. i. 609. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown. 34. I. uniflora ( 1 -flowered), Bain, and Schult. Syst. iv. 247 ; Benth. FI. Auxtr. iv. 425. A glabrous or somewhat silky-pubescent rather slender twiner. Leaves oblong to linear, obtuse or mucronate, entire, narrowed into a short petiole, mostly 1 to Sin. long. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, bearing usually a single white flower, the pedicel as long as or longer than the calyx, the bracts very minute. Sepals leafy, acute, the outer ones broad and shortly decurrent on the pedicel, 4- to fin. long, the inner ones smaller and narrower. Corolla campanulate, longer than the calyx, but rarely exceeding lin., more or less hairy outside. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule globular. Seeds glabrous puberulous or bordered by short hairs. — Aniseia uniflora, Chois. Conv. Or., and in DC. Prod, ix. 431 ; Wight, Ic. t. 850; A. martinicensis and A. ensifolia ; Chois. Conv. Or., and in DC. Prod. ix. 430; A. ccrnua, Moric. PI. Amer. t. 38; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 431, and perhaps some other species referred by Choisy to Aniseia ; Rheede, Hort. Mai. xi. 54. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. The species are widely dispersed over tropical Asia, Africa, America, and the Pacific islands. 35. I. angustifolia (narrow-leaved), Jacq. Collect, ii. 367, and lc. Bur. t. 317, not of Chois;/ ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 425. “ Kal-boo-roon-ga,” Cooktown, Both. A glabrous annual with slender prostrate trailing or twining stems, usually drying of a black or brown colour. Leaves on very short petioles or almost sessile, linear or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, cordate or hastate, and often toothed at the base, 1 to 2 or even 3in. long when very luxuriant. Peduncles slender, longer than the leaves, bearing 1 or 2 small yellowish-white flowers. Sepals ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate-acuminate, about 3 lines long. Corolla campanulate, A to fin. long. Stamens rather long. Ovary 2-celled, Seeds glabrous. — I. jilicaul is, Blume; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 353 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5426; 1. denticulata, R. Br. Prod. 485; Bot. Reg. t. 317 ; Rheede, Hort. Mai. xi. t. 55. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, It. Brown, Henne ; Cape York . I Kernel: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy; Cape River, Bowman; Etheridge River, W. K. Brn.it; Rockhampton. /’. ■O'Shanesy ; Stanthorpe and other southern localities. 1066 LXXXV. CONVOLVULACM. [Ipotncea. The species is widely dispersed over tropical Africa and Asia. R. Brown’s Australian specimens include a narrow-leaved form corresponding precisely with the Guinea plant originally- described by Jacquin and by Yahl, together with the broader-leaved form more prevalent in E. India and the Archipelago. — Benth. 36. 2. plebeia (mean), R. Br. Prod. 484 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 426. A slender twiner, softly pubescent and sprinkled with rather long hairs, which are reflexed on the branches, scattered on the leaves or sometimes wanting. Leaves on slender petioles, cordate-lanceolate or the lower ones broadly ovate-cordate, acuminate, entire or obscurely 3-lobed, with the basal auricles rounded, li to Sin long. Peduncles slender, 1 -flowered, articulate and minutely bracteate near the base (the peduncle much shorter than the pedicel). Outer sepals ovate-lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, hispid, about 4 lines long ; the inner ones smaller. Corolla campanulate, fully iin. long, often pubescent at the top. Stigma with 2 globular lobes. Capsule shorter than the calyx, glabrous, 2-celled. Seeds pubescent. — Convolvulus pleheius, Spreng. Syst. i. 604 ; Chois, in DC. Prod, ix. 412. Hab.: Bay of Inlets, Bunks and Solander : Rockingham Bay, J Dallaclvy : Rockhampton, Pi O’Shanesy : islands of Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller ; Walloon and Comet River, Bowman. It does not appear for what reason Choisy removed this plant to the genus Convolvulus : the- stigma is certainly that of Ipomota, where Brown placed it. — Benth. 37. I. eriocarpa (capsule woolly), 11. Br. Prod. 484 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 426. A twining annual, more or less hirsute with rigid hairs, mostly reflexed on the stem, scattered on the under side of the leaves or confined to the margins and principal veins. Leaves petiolate, from deeply cordate-ovate to lanceolate or hastate, acuminate, 1 to 3in. long, the upper surface usually glabrous. Peduncles exceedingly short, bearing 1, 2 or rarely more small flotvers either quite sessile or very shortly pedicellate. Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute, 2 to 3 lines long. Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx or sometimes not so long in Australian specimens, rather larger in some extra- Australian ones, slightly hirsute outside. Stigma with 2 globular lobes. Capsule globular, pubescent or hirsute, but becoming nearly glabrous when ripe. Seeds glabrous. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 369 ; Convolvulus eviocarpus , Spreng. Syst. i. 598 ; Ipcmcea sessiliflora, Roth.; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 366; Wight, Ic. t. 169 (a remarkably luxuriant large-leaved specimen, apparently with an 8-seeded fruit, probably by a mistake of the artist) ; I. Horsfieldiana, Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. ii. 611 ; Convolvulus spharocejihalus, Roxb. FI. Ind. i. 472. Hab : Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Burdekin River. Boivman, Fitzalan. The species is common in tropical Africa and Asia, and is also (probably introduced) in the- West Indies. 38. I. heterophylla (leaves various), 11. Br. Prod. 487 ; Benth. Ft. Austr. iv. 426. Stems erect or ascending, not twining, rather slender, simple or branched, 1 to 2ft. high, more or less hirsute, as well as the foliage, with long loose hairs, rarely at length nearly glabrous. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate or oblong, quite entire or bordered by coarse teeth or lobes, especially below the middle, never cordate, 1 to 3in. long, the upper ones small and narrow7. Peduncles very short or the flowers almost sessile, between 2 linear bracts or bracteoles almost as long as the calyx. Sepals lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, ciliate and hispid with long hairs, 3 to 4 lines long. Corolla campanulate, rather longer than the calyx. Stigmas large and broad, usually distinct. Capsule and seeds glabrous. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 354 ; /. polytnorpha, Roem. and Schult. Syst. iv. 254; Convolvulus Brmrnii, Spreng. Syst. i. 612, altered in the Index to C. Robertianus. Hab.: Islands of t lie Gulf of Carpentaria. B. Brown; Cape York, Deemel ; Flinders River, Sutherland ; Rockhampton, O’Shanesy ; Curriwillinghi and Annadilla, W. Barton .- many other localities. Ipoimea.] LXXXV. CONVOLVULACEiE. 1067 39. I. erecta (stems erect), 11. Br. Prod. 487 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 427. Stems from a perennial base, erect or ascending, simple or slightly branched, softly tomentose or villous as well as the foliage and inflorescence, the hairs intricate on the branches, more appressed on the leaves, and often rust-coloured. Leaves very shortly petiolate, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, not cordate, 1 to 2in. long, the upper ones smaller and narrower. Peduncles mostly shorter than the leaves, bearing 1, 2 or 3 pink flowers, the pedicels short, the bracts very small. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, rather acute, softly villous or nearly glabrous, of a somewhat firmer consistence at the base as in many species of Convolvulus, the outer ones 3 to 4 lines long, the inner ones smaller. Corolla campanulate, about fin. long. Stigmatic lobes very broadly ovate, recurved. Capsule, globular, readily splitting into G to 8 valves, as in Convolvulus parvijlorus and its allies. Seeds glabrous.— Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 354 ; Convolvulus credits, Spreng. Syst. i. 612. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown, Henne. 40. I. coccinea (crimson), Linn.; Bot. Mar/, t. 221. A slender twiner. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, glabrous, 2 to 4in. long, entire or lobed, on petioles 1 to 3in. Peduncles about as long as the leaves, bearing a loose cyme of few or many flowers ; bracts inconspicuous. Sepals elliptic, suddenly acuminate, fin. long, unaltered in fruit. Corolla crimson (or in some forms orange or yellow) ; tube about lin. long, mouth fin. diameter. Ovary completely 4-celled. Capsule fin. or rather more, ovoid, smooth, completely 4-celled ; dissepiments thin, membranous, persistent. Seeds densely furred. — 1. luteola, Jacq. ; I. plnenicea, Roxb.; Convolvulus coccincus, pltceniceus, and luteolus, Spreng.; Quamoclit coccinea, Moench.; Q. plnenicea, Chois. Hab.: South America. Naturalised in many warm countries. Often met with as a weed in cultivation. 41. *1. Quamoclit (old generic name), Linn. Sp. PL 227; Benth. FI. A ustv. iv. 428. A slender glabrous twiner. Leaves sessile, deeply pinnatifid, with linear-subulate entire segments. Peduncles longer than the leaves, bearing 1 to 3 scarlet flowers on long pedicels thickened upwards. Sepals obtuse, 2 to 3 lines long. Corolla-tube cylindrical, slender, f to nearly lin. long ; limb short, spreading, shortly 5-lobed. Stamens and style longer than the tube. Ovary 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Capsule ovoid-globular, glabrous, rather longer than the calyx, completely 4-celled. Seeds glabrous. — Bot. Mag. t. 244 ; Quamoclit vulf/aris, Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 336. Hab.: Common in Queensland. The species, believed to be of East Indian origin, has long been extensively cultivated fo1' ornament in almost all warm civilised regions, and has established itself as a weed in the New as well as in the Old World. — Benth. 42. I. cataractae (after first habitat, Cascade Bay, Norfolk Island), Endl. Prod. FI. Xorf. IsL 53. Stems twining, silky-hirsute. Leaves cordate, entire, nr slightly lobed, puberulous above, under surface silky-tomentose, lateral lobes obtuse, middle one acuminate and somewhat obtuse. Peduncles 8-flowered. Involucre polypliyllous ; bracts linear, undulate, long as the calyx. Sepals ovate, •acuminate, more than half the length of the corolla. — F. Bauer, 111. PI. Norf. Isl. t. 153 and 151. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller. 10(18 LXXXY. CON YOLYFLACErE. 5. LEPISTEMON. Blame. (From the scale at base of each stamen.) Character of Ipomcea, but filaments dilated -at the base into 5 concave scales ■which arch over the ovary. Species few; besides Queensland, met with in Africa and Asia. Pedicels much longer than the calyx. Leaves cordate-ovate 1 . L. urceolatus. Pedicels shorter than the calyx. Leaves hastate 2. L. I.vccr. 1. L. urceolatus (jug-form), F. r. M. Syst. t vns. Austr. 1JI. A tall twiner, softly villous, the hairs of the branches reflexed, those of thp foliage almost silky. Leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, acuminate, entire. 3 to 4in. long. Flowers numerous, in dense almost sessile cymes or clusters, the pedicels much longer than the calyx. Sepals orbicular or broadly ovate, obtuse, hirsute, scarcely above 1 line long. Corolla-tube ovoid, inflated, contracted towards the throat, about Yin. long, the limb spreading, scarcely half as long as the tube. Stamens attached at base of corolla, the scales prominent. Anthers yellow. Capsule- globular. glabrous, about 3 lines diameter, 2-celled. Seeds 4, glabrous. — Ipomaa urceolata, R. Br, Prod. 485; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 427 ; Convolvulus urceolatus, Spreng. Syst. i. 601. Haii Endeavour River, Banks and Solander : common in most of the tropical scrubs. 2. L. Lucae (after Dr. Lucas), F. v. AI. in l ie. A at., October , 1885. Branchlets and leafstalks beset with appressed hairs. Leaves hastate, gradually narrowed into an acute apex, the sinus narrow, the lobes ending into a rather acute sometimes excised angle ; both sides of the leaves beset with appressed hairs, the under more so than the upper ; cymes almost forming umbels. Pedicels during ;inthesis about as long as the peduncles, shorter than the flowers, appressed - hairy. Sepals ovate-orbicular, minute, many times shorter than the corolla. Stigma didymous : ovary and crenulated disk formed by the scales of filaments glabrous. Hal* : Given between the Endeavour River and Port Douglas. Dr. Lucas. G. CALYSTEGIA. R. Br. (From the calyx being covered by two bracts.) Sepals ovate or oblong, inner ones smaller. Corolla funnel-shaped or cam- panulate ; limb 5-plaited, subentire. Stamens included. Ovary 1 (imperfectly 2) celled. 4-ovuled ; style filiform, stigmatic lobes 2, shortly oblong. Capsule globose, 1 -celled, normally 4-seeded. Seeds glabrous. Prostrate or twining herbs, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves entire or lobed. Peduncles 1 -flowered. Bracts 2 large, persistent, enclosing the calyx. Flowers usually large, white rose or violet. The -pec-ii - belong to warm and temperate regions of both hemispheres. Leaves hastate, acuminate. Braeteoles broadly cordate, almost orbicular. Calyx 2 lines. Corolla 9 lines long 1. C. marijinata _ Leaves cordate or hastate, acute or acuminate. Braeteoles ovate, acute, longer than the calyx. Sepals 4 to 5 lines. Corolla above 2in 2. C. sepiinn. Leaves fleshy, reniform or rounded, cordate, obtuse. Braeteoles ovate, very obtuse, shorter than the calyx. Sepals 4 to 6 lines. Corolla about liin. long 3. C. Soldo nella. 1. C. marginata (margined), It. Hr. Prod. 488. A glabrous twiner. Leaves on rather long petioles, narrow-lanceolate or broad and triangular, hastate or sagittate, the basal auricles or lobes acute, diverging, and often lobed, the whole leaf usually 1Y to 2in. long, but when luxuriant twice as large. Peduncles rarely exceeding the petiole. Bracts very broadly cordate-ovate, from. Calystegia . LXXXY. C ON VOL YU L ACE rE . 10691 scarcely longer than the calyx to twice as long. Sepals rarely above 3 lines long. Corolla about fin. long. Ovary very imperfectly 2-celled. Stigmatic lobes ovate, obtuse. Capsule globular, 1-celled. Seeds 4. — Convolvulus marginatus, Spreng. Syst. i. 603 : Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 430 ; Calystegia marifinata, Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 434 ; Hook. f. FI. N. Zeal. t. 48. Hub.: Brisbane River. Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller ; common in southern localities. The species is also in Norfolk Island and in New Zealand Some specimens have the aspect of some varieties of Convolvulus erubescent, but are at once distinguished by the large bracts. — Benth. 2. C. sepium (found in hedges), /<’. Hr. Prod. 483. A tall rather slender herbaceous twiner, quite glabrous or very slightly pubescent, with a creeping perennial rootstock. Leaves from broadly ovate-triangular to lanceolate-hastate, acutely acuminate, cordate with angular basal auricles or lobes, mostly 2 to 4in. long but sometimes larger. Peduncles longer than the petioles and often as long as the leaves, bearing a single large flower of a pure white or more or less tinged with pink. Bracts large, ovate or ovate-lanceolote, leafy, acute or scarcely obtuse, longer than the calyx and enclosing it. Sepals ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate-acuminate, rather unequal, 4 to 5 lines long. Corolla 2 to 3in. long. Ovary incompletely 2-celled, surrounded by a cup-shaped disk. Stigmatic lobes ovate or oblong, obtuse. Capsule 1-celled. — -Calystegia sepium, Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 433; De Vr. in PI. Preiss. i. 345; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 276; Convolvulus sepium. Linn.; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 430. Bab.: Southern coast (rare). The species is abundant in the temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere, and is also in New Zealand. When on tbe seaeoast the lower leaves are sometimes thicker, shorter, and more obtuse, but appear to me to be always very different from those of Convolvulus Solclanella . — Benth. 3. C. Soldanella (resembling a Soldanella), R. Br. Prod. 483, A glabrous perennial with a creeping rootstock and prostrate trailing or shortly twining stems. Leaves on rather long petioles, broadly rounded-cordate or kidney- shaped, entire or angular-lobed, rather thick, mostly about lin. but sometimes 2in. diameter. Peduncles 1- flowered, about as long as the leaves. Bracts broadly ovate-cordate, very obtuse, rather shorter than the calyx. Sepals nearly fin. long, broad and thin, all very obtuse or the inner ones almost acute. Corolla pink or purplish, rather smaller than in C. sepium. Ovary incompletely 2-celled, surrounded by a cup-shaped disk. Stigmatic lobes ovate or oblong, usually narrower than in C. sepium, much shorter and broader than in C. erubescens. Capsule 1-celled. — Calystegia Soldanella, Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 433 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 276 ; C. reniformis, R. Br. Prod. 484 ; Convolvulus Soldanella, Linn.; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 431. Hab.: Little Burleigh Head, J. Shirley ; Fraser’s Island, Hon. Miss Lovell. The species is common on the extratropical seacoasts in both the northern ai d southern hemispheres both of the New and the Old World, including New Zealand, where it varies much more than in the northern hemisphere. 7. CONVOLVULUS, Linn. (Most kinds having an interesting habit.) (Jacquemontia, Chois.) Corolla campanulate, entire, angular or rarely lobed. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Style filiform, with 2 ovate oblong linear or subulate stigmatic lobes. Fruit a dry capsule, completely or sometimes incompletely 2-celled. — Twining prostrate creeping or erect herbs, or in species not Australian 1070 LXXXV. CONVOLVULACEjE. [Convolvulus. undershrubs or low shrubs. Leaves entire or rarely toothed, lobed or deeply divided. Flowers axillary, solitary or in corymbose or umbel-like cymes. Seeds glabrous, at least in the Australian species. A large genus, distributed over the whole area of the Order, less numerous within the tropics than Ipomcea, but extending far into the temperate and cooler regions both of the northern and the southern hemispheres. Convolvulus has no character to distinguish it from Ipomcta besides the more or less elongated stigmatic lobes of the style, the habit is usually but not always different. — Benth. Flowers solitary or rarely 2 together. Sepals obtuse. Leaves either very narrow or toothed or lobed 1. C. erubescem. Flowers in cymes. Sepals acuminate. Leaves cordate, entire. Softly tomentose. Pedicels short : ... 2. C. multivalvis. Glabrous or pubescent. Pedicels rather long 3. C.parviflorus. 1. C. erubescens (flowers reddish), Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1067 ; Benth. FI. A ustr. iv. 429. A perennial, either glabrous, pubescent or densely tomentose, rarely villous, with a creeping rootstock and slender prostrate trailing or rarely twining stems. Foliage exceedingly variable, the leaves usually more or less sagittate-cordate, the lower ones ovate-lanceolate, the upper ones passing into narrow-lanceolate or linear, with diverging entire or lobed basal auricles and from f to liin. long, but sometimes nearly all small, cordate-ovate obtuse and slightly crenate, sometimes nearly all narrow-linear with either very minute or long and linear basal auricles or lobes. Peduncles often as long as the leaves, 1 -flowered, with minute bracts at a distance from the calyx. Sepals 2 to nearly 3 lines long, ovate, obtuse or almost acute. Corolla pink or white, usually from b to fin. long. Ovary and fruit completely 2-celled. Stigmatic lobes linear. — R. Br. Prod. 482; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 412; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 275 ; C. remotus, R. Br. Prod. 483 ; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 412 (a small-leaved form) ; C. angustissimus, R. Br. Prod. 482 (very narrow-leaved specimens) ; C. adscendem De Vr. in PI. Preiss. i. 346 ; C. subpinnatifidus, De Vr. l.c. 347. Hab.: Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, and Nerkool Creek, Bounnan (both luxuriant specimens, with large leaves and sometimes 2 flowers on the peduncles); Rockhampton, O'Shanesy ; Curriwillinghi, Barton (both the common form). The plant is common in many localities. 2. C. multivalvis (capsule many-valved), II. Br. Prod. 483 ; Benth. FI- A ustr.. iv. 429. A twiner1, closely allied to C. parvidonts, and considered by most authors as a variety, with the same cordate entire leaves and cymose inflorescence, but densely clothed with a soft close tomentum or velvety pubescence, the peduncles shorter and the capsule longer and much more distinctly splitting into about 8 valves. Hab.: Keppel Bay, B. Brown ; Howick’s group, F. v. Mueller; Ni-rkool Creek and Suttor River, Bowman. Also on the S. coast of New Guinea. 3. C. parviflorus (flowers small), Vahl.; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 413; Benth. FI. A ustr. iv. 430. A tall twiner, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves on rather long petioles, cordate-ovate, acuminate, entire, membranous, 2 to Sin. long. Peduncles about as long as the leaves, bearing a dense cyme of numerous small flowers. Bracts minute. Sepals ovate, acuminate, pubescent, 2 to 2^ lines long. Corolla white or pink, very open, above 4in. diameter. Stamens rather long. Stigmatic lobes linear-oblong, recurved, much shorter than in C. erubescens. Capsule small, completely 2-celled, opening in 4 valves, which are sometimes split but much less so than in C. multivalvis. — C. multivalvis, var., R. Br. Prod. 483. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown, Hennc ; Rockingham Bay, DaWichy ; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy, and others. The 6pecies i< widely dispersed over E. India and the eastern Archipelago. LXXXV. CONVOLVULACE.E. 1071 8. POLYMERIA, R. Br. (Style-branches many.) Corolla very broadly campanulate, entire or angular. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Style filiform, with several (4 to 8) or very rarely only 2 linear stigmatic lobes. Fruit a dry capsule with 1 or 2 seeds. — Erect prostrate or trailing herbs, rarely twining. Leaves usually entire. Peduncles axillary, bearing 1 to 8 flowers. Bracts very small. The genus is limited to Australia. Closely allied to Convolvulus in habit as well as in character, it differs in the ovules reduced to 2 (1 only in each cell of the ovary), whilst the stigmatic lobes, in all the Queensland species, are increased in number, probably by their division. Several of the species here enumerated run much one into the other, and they might all well be reduced to two or three. — Benth. Leaves linear or lanceolate. Leaves glabrous above, fringed with silky hairs. Flowers nearly lin. long, the sepals very unequal 1. P. marginata. Leaves silky or hoary or glabrous on both sides. Sepals nearly equal. Stigmatic lobes 6 to 8. Flowers about fin. long. Stems usually erect . 2. P. longifolia. Leaves cordate, ovate or oblong. Outer sepals orbicular-cordate, inner ones narrow 3. P. calijcina. Sepals nearly equal. Stem and leaves usually villous or pubescent. Sepals about 3 lines long 4. P. ambigua. Stem slender. Leaves small or linear, nearly glabrous. Sepals about 2 lines loDg • 5. P. pusilla. 1. P. marginata (margined), Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 432. Stems erect, under 1ft. high, loosely hirsute. Lower leaves petiolate, oblong, obtuse, deeply cordate, under 2in. long, upper ones nearly sessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, slightly cordate, 2 to 4in. long, all glabrous on both sides, except a few hairs on the veins underneath, but the margins elegantly fringed with rather long hairs. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 1 -flowered, with linear bracts above the middle. Outer sepals broadly lanceolate, acute, 5 or even 6 lines long, the 2 innermost smaller and much narrower. Corolla nearly lin. long. Stigmatic lobes about 8. Hab.: Several inland localities. 2. P. longifolia (long-leaved), Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 398; Benth. FI- Austr. iv. 432. Stems from a perennial stock erect, slightly branched, usually about 1ft. high or shorter, pubescent or villous as well as the foliage with appressed silky hairs. Leaves almost sessile, linear or linear-lanceolate, mucronate-acute, minutely hastate at the base, often above 2in. long. Peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Sepals oval-oblong, more or less acuminate or acute, about 3 lines long, all nearly equal. Corolla pink, usually about fin. long, but sometimes smaller. Stigmatic lobes usually 6, but sometimes 7 or 8. Hab.: Near the Gwydir, Mitchell; plains of the Condamine. Leichhardt; Suttor, Isaacs, Bowen Rivers, &c., Bowman; Flinders ltiver, Sutherland ; Armadilla, Barton. 3. P. calycina (calyx large), R. Br. Prod. 488 ; Benth. bl. Austr. iv. 433. A glabrous or slightly pubescent annual (or sometimes with a perennial creeping rootstock ?). Stems slender, prostrate or creeping. Leaves on slender petioles, the lower ones ovate, obtuse or emarginate, deeply cordate, under lin. long, the upper ones oblong linear or lanceolate, obtuse, slightly cordate or rarely hastate at the base, often above lin. long. Peduncles slender, shorter than the leaves, 1-flowered, with miuute bracts at or below the middle. Outer sepals very broadly ovate or cordate, about 3 lines long, the inner ones shorter, ovate- lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla 5 to 6 lines long, broadly 1072 LXXXY. CONVOLVULACEjE. [Poly met ia . campanulate, slightly silky-pubescent outside. Anthers rather long. Stigmatie lobes about 0. Capsule shorter than the calyx. Seeds pubescent or silky-villous (glabrous according to R. Brown). — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 432 ; Endl. Iconogr. t. 07. Halt.: Keppel Bay, R. Brown, Tliozet ; Rockhampton, O'Shanesy ; Gracemere, Bowman; More ton Bay, C. Stuart. Some of the narrow-leaved specimens might very well, without close examination, he mistaken for so ne varieties of Convolvulus erubescens. The outer sepals, although variable in breadth, are. however, always broader than in the latter species, independently of the generic character. — Benth, 4. P. ambigua (ambiguous), R. Br. Broil. 488; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 433. An annual (or sometimes perennial ?), with long, slender, creeping or trailing stems, occasionally rooting at the lower nodes and sometimes shortly twining at the extremities. Leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, obtuse, often mucronate, cordate at the base, usually rugose, glabrous, sparingly pubescent or rarely villous above, more or less villous or silky-hairy underneath, mostly about lin. long, but variable in size. Peduncles usually longer than the petioles, bearing l to 3 flowers with minute bracts at the base of the pedicels, and usually 2 small bracteoles on the pedicels. Sepals nearly equal, acuminate, about 3 lines long. Corolla not twice as long, very open. Stigmatie branches 4 to 6. Capsule nearly as long as the calyx. Seeds glabrous or very minutely hoary-pubescent. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 432. Hub.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown : Thirsty Sound, R. Brown : also in other northern localities. 5. P. pusilla (weak), 72. Br. Prod. 488 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 434. This may be another small slender form of P. ambigua, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Stems almost filiform, prostrate or twining. Leaves on slender petioles, from cordate-ovate obtuse or retuse and under lin. long to linear and then entire or hastate at the base. Peduncles 1 -flowered, with minute bracts at a distance from the flower. Sepals nearly equal, lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 lines long. Corolla about twice as long, very open. Stigmatie branches usually 4. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 432. Hab.: Broadsound , R. Brown ; also from Bowman’s collection, with short ovate leaves as in Brown’s specimens ; Rockhampton, O'Shanesy , and Keppel Bay and Fitzroy River, Tliozet, with linear leaves. 9. EVOLVULUS, Linn. (Not twining.) Corolla campanulate or tubular at the base, the limb 5-angled or 5-lobed. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles 2. filiform, distinct from the base, each divided into 2 branches; stigmas linear, terminating each branch. Fruit a capsule, with 4 seeds or fewer by abortion.— -Herbs, not twining, annual or with a short perennial stock. Leaves entire, usually small. Flowers small, on axillary peduncles or in terminal spikes or racemes. A considerable tropical American genus, of which one or two species are spread also over the warmer regions of the Old World. The only Australian species is the one most common over the whole area. — Benth. 1. E. alsinoides (Alsine-like), Linn.; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 447 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 437. A perennial, with a short almost woody stock, but often flowering the first year so as to appear annual, with numerous slender prostrate or erect stems, Gin. to 1ft. long, the whole plant more or less silky- hairy. Leaves usually oblong or lanceolate, sessile or nearly so, 3 to 12 lines long, but varying from ovate to almost linear, obtuse or acute. Flowers small, pale-blue or white, 1 to 3 together on slender axillary peduncles mostly longer I'.'ruliuliift.] LXXXV. CON VOLVULACEiE. 1078' than the leaves, but the lower ones sometimes shorter and the upper ones often, long and filiform, forming a loose terminal leafy raceme or narrow panicle. Bracts small under each pedicel. Sepals narrow, acute. Corolla pale-blue and white or entirely of one of these colours, very open or almost rotate, usually about 3 lines diameter, but sometimes larger. — R. Br. Prod. 489 ; E. linifolivs,. Linn.; R. Br. Prod. 489; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 449; E. decumbens, R. Br. Prod. 489 ; E. rillosus, R. Br. Prod. 489, but perhaps not of Ruiz and Pav.; E. heternphyllux, Labill. Bert. Austr. Caied. t. 29 ; Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 449, and probably some others enumerated by Choisy ; E. pilostis,. Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 106; Wight, 111. t. 168b, fig. 10; Rheede, Hort. Mai. xi. t. 64. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. BroiCn ; abundant along the whole coast, /,'. Broun and many others ; in the interior, Mitchell, Boiceu, and other*: common all over the colony. Var. sericeus. Leaves thicker and very white, with long silky hairs. — F.. argenteus , II. Br. Prod. 489. not of Pursh. — Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria. R Brown ; not uncommon in the north. 10. BREWERIA, R. Br. (After Samuel Brewer.) (Prevostea, Chois.; Seddera, Hoclist. and Stead.: Stylisma, Nutt.) Corolla campanulate, angular or shortly and broadly 5-lobed, folded in the bud.. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Style bifid or divided to the ba^e, with a capitate stigma to each branch. Fruit a dry capsule. — Herbs or undershrubs, with erect prostrate trailing or twining stems, often tomentose or silky. — Leaves usually entire. Flowers axillary, solitary or rarely 2 or 3 together in the Australian species, the upper ones often forming a leafy spike, or in extra- Australian species the peduncles often several-flowered. The genus, as at present constituted, includes several species from tropical Asia, Africa, and America, but the Australian ones appear to be all endemic. Silky-pubescent or shortly hirsute. Bracteoles minute. Leaves linear or lanceolate 1. B. linearis. Lower leaves somewhat cordate, upper ones lanceolate .2. B. media. Densely rusty-tomentose or villous with long hairs. Bracteoles at least as long as the calyx. Outer sepals much larger than the inner. Corolla (blue) under Jin. long 8. B.pannosa. 1. B. linearis (leaves linear), II. Br. Brad. 488 ; Benth. El. Austr. iv. 435.. Silky-pubescent or hirsute. Stems prostrate or shortly twining. Leaves very shortly petiolate, oblong, linear or narrow-lanceolate, mostly obtuse and about lin. long. Peduncles 1-flowered, about half as long as the leaves or sometimes very short, with minute bracts at the base scarcely perceptible. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, about 3 lines long, the innermost rather smaller. Corolla small. Style in the specimens examined divided to about the middle. — • Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 439. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. 2. B. media (medium), R. Br. Prod. 488 : Benth. El. Austr. iv. 436. Pubescent or somewhat silky-hairy. Stems prostrate. Leaves shortly petiolate, the lower ones ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute and often, somewdiat cordate at the base, the upper ones lanceolate, acute, rarely above lin. long. Peduncles 1-flowered, short, with small bracts at the base. Sepals ovate- lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, slightly unequal, 2 to 3 lines long. Corolla (white ?) under lin. long. Ovary hirsute at the top with long hairs. Styles cohering to the middle, but readily separable to the base. — Chois, in DC. Prod, ix. 438.' Hab.: Bowen River, Bowman, and other northern and inland localities. 1074 LXXXV. COXVOLVULACE.il. \ Breweria. 3. B. pannosa (alluding to the clothing), R. Br. Prod. 488; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 436. Stems from a perennial stock, prostrate or twining, the whole plant densely hirsute with soft ferruginous or silky hairs. Leaves on very short petioles, ovate and acute or the lower ones orbicular and obtuse, thick and soft, under lin. long. Flowers blue (R. Broun), solitary in the axils or rarely 2 or 3 together, on short pedicels, wTith a pair of linear bracts about the middle. Sepals very hirsute like the rest of the plant, the outer ones broadly ovate, acuminate, 4 to 5 lines long, the inner ones much smaller, and the innermost one linear-lanceolate. Corolla above 4in. long, hairy outside. Ovary hirsute at the top with long hairs. Style divided to about the middle. — Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 438. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. 11. DICHONDRA, Forst. (Capsule 2-seeded.) Corolla campanulate, deeply 5-lobed. Ovary of 2 distinct carpels, each with an almost basal style and 1 or 2 ovules ; stigmas capitate. Fruit of 1 or 2 membranous capsules, each with 1 or rarely 2 seeds. — Prostrate creeping small herbs. Leaves entire. Flowers small, axillary. Besides the Australian species, which is widely spread over the warmer regions ot the New as well as the Old World, there is another closely allied to it from Central America. — Benth. 1. S. repens (creeping), Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 451; Benth. hi. Austr. iv. 438. A slender creeping perennial, rooting at the nodes, usually hoary with a minute pubescence, often silky. Leaves on long petioles, orbicular or reniform, 4 to 8 lines or rarely lin. diameter. Flowers solitary, on peduncles shorter than the petioles. Sepals obovate, scarcely 1 line long. Corolla rather shorter than the calyx, (yellow, Benth.), white in all the Queensland specimens I have seen. Carpels also shorter than or rarely as long as the calyx, nearly globular. — R. Br. Prod. 491 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 278; Sm. Ic. Ined. t. 8. Hab.: Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton, O'Shanesy. The specits is generally diffused over the tropical regions of both the New and the Old World, especially near the sea, extending northward to the southern United States and to China, and southward to the Cape of Good Hope, extratropieal S. America and New Zealand.— Benth. 12. CRESSA, Linn. (From Cressus , appertaining to the Isle of Crete, now Candia.) Corolla tubular-eampanulate ; lobes 5, contorted (or otherwise imbricate ?) in the bud, not plicate. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell ; styles 2, distinct from the base, each with a capitate stigma. Capsule usually 2-valved and 1-seeded by abortion. — A small branching perennial. Leaves entire. Flowers small, in terminal leafy spikes or heads. The genus is limited to a single species, common to the warmer regions of the New as well as the Old World. 1. C. cretica (of Crete), Linn.: Chois, in DC. Prod. ix. 440; Benth. hi. Austr. iv. 437. An erect or diffuse, much-branched perennial, sometimes almost woody at the base, rarely exceeding 6in., hoary silky-pubescent or villous all over. Leaves sessile or the lower ones shortly petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, or in specimens not Australian linear, entire, rarely exceeding ^in. Flowers sessile in terminal leafy spikes or heads, rarely reduced to a single dower. Sepals broadly obovate, very obtuse, ciliate, about 2 lines long. Corolla very shortly exceeding Cressa.] LXXXV. CONVOLVULACEiE. 1075 the calyx, hairy outside. Anthers large, oblong. Ovary villous. Capsule ovoid, exceeding the calyx, rarely ripening more than one smooth seed. — C. australis , R. Br. Prod. 490. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria and Broadsound, R. Brown; sandy flats, Port Denison, IF. Hill : common in the colony. The species is abundantly spread over sandy maritime or 3aline districts in the warmer regions of the Old and New World, extending to the Mediterranean region of Europe. The flowers in some of the tropical Australian specimens are larger than usual, but not otherwise different. — Beiith. 13. CUSCUTA, Linn, (Derived from its Arabic name.) Sepals distinct or united in a 5-lobed rarely 4-lobed calyx. Corolla cam- panulate, ovoid or globular, with a short 5-lobed or rarely 4-lobed limb. Anthers usually nearly sessile, with a scale below each in the tube of the corolla. Ovary completely or partially 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Styles 2, distinct or more or less united ; stigmas capitate or acute. Fruit a dry or scarcely succulent capsule, opening transversely or bursting irregularly. Embryo spiral or curved round a fleshy albumen ; cotyledens inconspicuous. — Herbs, with leafless thread-like parasitical stems, bearing usually sessile clusters of small sessile or pedicellate flowers, white or pink. A considerable genus, dispersed over all warm and temperate regions of the globe. Flowers sessile or very shortly pedicellate in globular clusters Calyx-lobes prominently keeled. Stigmas capitate 1. C. cliinemis. Calyx-lobes not keeled Stigmas capitate 2. C. australis. Segments of corolla blunt. Stigmas acute 3. C. europcca. Segments of corolla acute. Stigmas acute 4. C. epithymum. 1. C. Chinensis (of China), Law.; Engelm. in Trans. Acad. St. Louis, i. 479; Benth. FI. Anstr. iv. 441. Flowers rather small, nearly globular, very shortly pedicellate in globular clusters, sometimes reduced to 2 or 3 flowers and not usually so dense as in C. australis. Calyx shorter than the corolla, divided to the middle or rather lower into obtuse lobes, the keels and sutures of the sepals forming 10 rather prominent ribs to the tube. Corolla 1 to 1^ line long, the lobes rather obtuse. Scales of the tube deeply fringed or lobed. Styles distinct, unequal, rather slender, with capitate stigmas. Capsule bursting irregularly.— C. carinata, R. Br. Prod. 491. Hab.: Bay of Inlets and Cape Grafton, Banks and Solander (Herb. Mus. Brit.) ; on Indigofera, Etheridge Biver, IF. E. Arndt. Apparently common in tropical Asia, extending from Madagascar and Ceylon to China. 2. C. australis (Australian), R. Br. Prod. 491 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 441. Flowers nearly globular, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, in globular clusters, sometimes reduced to 2 or 3 flowers, each about \b line diameter, and all the parts minutely glandular-dotted. Calyx shorter than the corolla, divided to below the middle into obtuse lobes, without prominent ribs. Corolla-lobes very obtuse, at length recurved. Scales of the tube bifid or fringed, sometimes very small but often nearly as long as the tube. Ovary much depressed ; styles distinct, rather thick, unequal, with capitate stigmas. Capsule depressed, with a broad rhomboidal area between the styles. — C. ohtusiflora, H.B. and K.; Engelm. in Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 491. Hab.: Broadsound. B. Brown; Rockhampton, P. O’Shanesy ; common on Polygonum in southern localities. The species is widely dispersed over the warmer parts of America and Asia, extending north- wards to the southern United States and to S. Europe. 1076 LXXXV. CONVOLVULACEJ3. [Cusruta. 3. C. europaea (of Europe), l.inn. European or Great Dodder. Flowers aggregate, nearly sessile. Calyx shortly obeonic, with bluntisli segments. •Corolla urceolate, campanulate, white, usually 4-cleft, and tetrandrous some- times .5-cleft and pentandrous, no epipetalous scales, throat naked. Stigmas acute, filiform. Capsule about 1 line diameter. Seeds usually 4, ellipsoid, brown. Hab.: An European pest, too common on Lucerne. 4. C. epithymum (upon Thyme). The Lesser Dodder. Flowers fascicled, more crowded than in • europaa, nearly sessile, 5 or frequently 4 -cleft and tetrandrous. Epipetalous scales crescent-shaped, crenulate. Calyx reddish. •Corolla white, campanulate, with acute segments. Stigmas acute. Hab.: An European pest. On A plum leptophyllum, Toowoomba. Order LXXXYI. SOLANACEiE. Flowers regular or nearly so. Calyx free, usually with 5, rarely with 4, 6 or 10 teeth lobes or segments. Corolla tvith 5 or rarely with 4 teeth or lobes, induplicate-plicate or rarely imbricate in the bud. Stamens as many as lobes of the corolla and alternate with them ; anthers various, usually 2-celled. Ovary superior, 2-celled or rarely spuriously 4-celled or abnormally 3 or more-celled ; style simple, terminal, with an entire or lobed stigma. Fruit an indehiscent berry or rarely a capsule, with several seeds. Embryo usually curved or spiral, surrounding a fleshy albumen, rarely straight in the centre of the albumen. — Herbs shrubs or soft-wooded trees. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in centrifugal cymes or unilateral racemes, usually at first terminal but becoming lateral by the elongation of the shoot, rarely axillary, the cymes or racemes usually without bracts, and no bracteoles on the pedicels. A numerous Order in the tropical and warmer regions of the globe, and more especially S. America, with a comparatively few species straying into more temperate districts both in the northern and the southern hemisphere. Tribe I. Solanese. — Corolla-limb plaited or the lobes valrate. Fruit a berry. Seeds much compressed, subdiscoid. Embryo peripheric. Leaves pinnate ; pinnae toothed or lyrate. Anthers opening in slits . . . 1. ‘Lycopersicum. Leaves entire, lobed or pinnatifid. Anthers opening in terminal pores or slits 2. Sol.anum. Calyx inflated over the fruit, shortly lobed. Anthers opening in longi- tudinal slits. Pedicels solitary 3. Physalis. Calyx small. Corolla deeply 5-fid ; lobes valvate. Pedicels solitary or in pairs • 4. ‘Capsicum. Calyx inflated over the fruit. Corolla wide-campanulate, shortly lobed, cordate at the base. Pedicels solitary 5.*Nicandra. Tribe II. Atropese. — Corolla-lobes more or less imbricate. Fruit a berry. Seeds com- pressed. Embryo peripheric. Calyx small. Corolla contracted into a tube at the base, the lobes imbricate in the bud 6. Lycium. Tribe III. Kyoscyamete. — Corolla-lobes plaited or imbricate. Fruit capsular. Seeds somewhat compressed. Embryo peripheric. Flowers solitary. Calyx tubular, circumsciss. Capsule 4-celled, 4-valved or subindehiscent 7. Datura. . Tribe IV. Cestrineae. — Corolla-lobes induplicate-valvate. Fruit capsular. Seeds scarcely compressed. Embryo straight. Calyx 5-fid. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens attached in the lower part of the corolla-tube 8. Nicotiaxa. LXXXY1. SOLAN ACE.E. 1077 Tribe V. Salpigrlossideae. Corolla 5-lobed, the lobes more or less induplicate or folded in the bud and sometimes also slightly imbricate, the 2 upper ones (those next to the main axis of inflorescence ) outside. Embryo often slightly curved. Inflorescence centrifugal. Corolla funnel shaped or rarely salver-shaped. Stamens attached in the middle or lower down the tube. Stigma dilated. Capsule 2 celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous ; testa foveolate-rugose 9.*Petonia. Fruit a berry. Anthers 1-celled 10. Duboisia. 1. LYCOPERSICUM, Mill. (From the Greek ; wolf-peach.) Sepals 5 to 6, narrow, unaltered in fruit. Corolla rotate, tube very short ; limb 5 to G-fid, plaited in bud. Stamens 5 to 6, on the corolla-tube. Anthers connivent in an elongated cone, dehiscing by slits. Ovary 2 to 8-celled. Style cylindrical; stigma small, capitate. Seeds many, compressed, papillose; embryo peripheric. — Tail pubescent herbs. Leaves pinnate, pinnte toothed or lyrate. Cymes pedunculate, few-flowered. American plants. 1. 1.. esculentum (a food plant), Mill.; DC. Prod. xiii. 26. The Tomato or Love Apple. Flowers yellow, about iin. in diameter. Berry about lin. diameter or more, the one most generally met with on scrub land, globose and red. — L. cerasiforme, Dunal, Sol. 113; Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 237 ; Solanum Lycopersicum, Linn. Hab.: South America. The fungus-blight ( Macrosporium Tomato, Cooke) which at times infests the Tomato in cultivation I have never noticed on the naturalised plants. 2. SOLANUM, Linn. (Name of doubtful meaning.) Calyx with 5, rarely with 1 or more than 5 teeth or lobes. Corolla rotate or very broadly campanulate, with 5 or rarely 4 angles or lobes, folded in the bud. Filaments usually very short, rarely as long as the anthers ; anthers oblong or linear, erect and connivent, either parallel or more frequently tapering upwards and forming a cone round the style, opening at the top in pores or transverse slits, rarely continued down the sides of the anthers, without any prominent •connectivum between the cells. Fruit a berry, usually 2-celled rarely 4-celled {the cells divided by a spurious dissepiment) or in species or varieties not Australian several-celled. Seeds several, flattened, with a curved or spiral •embryo surrounding a fleshy albumen. — Herbs shrubs or rarely low soft-wooded trees, either unarmed or with prickles scattered on the branches, on the principal veins of the leaves, especially on the upper surface and in some species also on the inflorescence and calyxes, straight and slender in most Australian species, stout -and recurved in some others. Leaves alternate, but often in pairs, a smaller one being developed in the axil of the larger one, entire or irregularly toothed lobed or divided. Flowers normally in terminal centrifugal cymes ; but, owing to the rapid development of the branch, the inflorescenee becomes usually lateral and very often, by the abortion of one branch, reduced to a simple unilateral apparently centripetal raceme or to a single flower. Corolla usually blue purplish or white or in species not Australian yellow, always tomentose outside in the species where the tomentum is stellate, but usually only on the part exposed in the bud, with the induplicate margins glabrous. Style frequently curved to one side, the stigma slightly dilated, entire or 2-lobed. A very large genus, spread over the warmer and temperate regions of the globe, but most abundant in tropical America. The distinction and determination of the numerous species of this genus (most extravagantly multiplied by Dunal in the ‘ Prodromus’) is attended with peculiar difficulties, the chief characters being derived from the very variable ones of foliage, armature and indumentum. The sections 1078 LXXXYI. SOL AN ACE, \ Solarium* proposed by Sendtner, Dunal, and others break down in several instances, and are scarcely applicable to the Australian species. The three first here enumerated have a marked difference in the anthers, but there are extra-Australian intermediates ; the differences in the form of the corolla, often very difficult to ascertain from dried specimens, are seldom in relation to other characters ; and the form and colour of the fruit varies in a remarkable degree in some in- dividual species. If, therefore, in the following key I have founded the principal groups or series chiefly upon indumentum and armature, it is not that I regard them as good sections, but only because I have as yet found no better way of leading to the determination of the Australian species — Benth. i 1. .Vo prickle*. Whole plant glabrous or pubescent leith simple hairs ( not stellate). Anthers very obtuse, parallel the terminal slits continued more or less down the sides. Annual. Leaves ovate on long petioles. Flowers very small, in pedunculate umbels 1. S. nigrum. Perennials or shrubs. Leaves lanceolate or linear, entire or pinnatifid. Flowers in short lateral loose racemes. Leaves mostly acute, the longer ones with a few long lobes. Flowers large. Berries green or yellow 2. S. aviculare. Leaves mostly obtuse, very rarely and shortly lobed. Flowers moderate. Berries purple 3. S. simile. Anthers tapering upwards, opening only at the end. Glabrous shrub. Leaves broadly lanceolate. Corolla deeply lobed 4 .* S. pseudocapsicum. Shrub. Leaves ovate, pubescent underneath 5 ■ S. Shanesti. § 2. Ko prickles. Stellate pubescence or tomentum on the whole plant or rarely on the flowers only. Flowers in forked pedunculate cymes. Leaves quite glabrous. Cymes loose. Corolla deeply lobed ... 6. S. viride. Leaves (large) very soft and densely tomentose. Cymes dense. Leaves shortly acuminate, without stipule-like leaves at the base . 8. S. rerbasci folium. Leaves long-acuminate, mostly with small semicircular stipule-like leaves at the base 9.*S. auriculatum. Flowers in simple lateral racemes or clusters. Leaves sprinkled with scattered stellate hairs. Corolla deeply lobed 7. S. tetrandrum. .Leaves densely or closely tomentose underneath or on both sides. (See $ 3, of which several species, especially S. discolor, S. esuriaie, S. furfuraceum, and S', diant hopliorum, are occasionally unarmed.) § 3. Prickles slender on the branches and leaves (numerous feic or very rare), noneon the- caly ces. Stellate pubescence or tome7itum on the whole plant or rarely on the floirers only. Leaves ovate-acuminate, repandly-lobed ; petioles about 2in. Fruit yellow, globular, lin. diameter 10. S. macoorai. Leaves glabrous above except along the veins (rarely scabrous-pubescent in S. violaeeum), tomentose underneath (except in S. defensum). Flowers rather small, the corolla deeply lobed. Leaves tomentose and white underneath. Leaves ovate or elliptical, rarely above 2in. long. Tomentum very close and short 11. S. discolor. Leaves lanceolate, large and broad or small and narrow, mostly acute. Tomentum close or loose 12. S. stelligerum. Leaves narrow-oblong, obtuse, usually small. Tomentum close . 13. S. parvifolium. Leaves green underneath, glabrous or loosely stellate-hairy. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, entire or hastate. Branches slender. Prickles abundant 14. S. f erodes i mum. Branches almost glabrous. Prickles slender, numerous. Corolla white 15. S. sporadotrichum.. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid, 5 to 6in. long 16. S. defensum. Flowers large, the corolla-lobes broad and short. Leaves broadly lauceolate. Ovary 2-celled 17. S. violaeeum. Leaves oblong-linear or linear-lanceolate. Ovary 2-celled . . .18. 8'. amblymerum. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, cordate at the base. Ovary 4-celled 19. S. tetrathecum. Leaves closely whitish tomentose on both sides (the tomentum rarely disappearing at length on the upper side). Calyx-teeth very small at the time of flowering. Leaves small, mostly broad on very short petioles. Leaves under Jin. long, ovate or broadly oblong 20. S. elachophyllum Leaves cordate or orbicular, about Jin. long. Corolla deeply lobe 1 21. S. orbiculatum. i Solanum.] LXXXVI. SOLANACEiE. 1079 Leaves narrow or on long petioles, mostly above Jin. long. Leaves ovate oblong or lanceolate, entire or sinuate-toothed. Corolla deeply lobed (4 to Jin. diameter) 22. S. esuriale. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, mostly lobed at the base. Corolla-lobes rather short (Jin. diameter) . 23. S. chenopodinum. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire. Corolla with short broad lobes (J to lin. diameter) 24. S. Sturtianum. Leaves densely and softly tomentose or velvety-hirsute on both sides or at least underneath, sometimes greener and shortly tomentose above. Eacemes short, few-flowered or pedicels solitary or 2 together. Calyx divided nearly to the base into narrow segments. Calyx-segments subulate-acuminate. Leaves mostly entire, scabrous above with scattered hairs. Stems usually prickly. Flowers mostly racemose 25. S. furfuraeeum. Prickles exceedingly rare. Flowers mostly in pairs .... 20. .S'. diant hophorum. Leaves densely velvety-tomentose on both sides, the larger ones much sinuate 27. S. Dallachii. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute. Leaves densely velvety- tomentose or hirsute on both sides 28. S. densevestitum. Calyx-segments oblong-linear, obtuse. Leaves (small) densely tomentose 21). S. nemophilum. Racemes or cymes many-flowered, on long very prickly peduncles. Leaves green and closely tomentose above, white and softly tomen- tose underneath, often lobed 30. S. semiarmatiim. § 4. Prickles slender or rarely thickened at the base on the calyxes as well cinereum (grey), R. Br. Prod. 446 ; Benth. FI. Austr.. iv. 460. An erect undershrub, the branches and inflorescence stellate-tomentose. Prickles slender, numerous on the branches, leaves, inflorescence, and calyxes. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly acuminate, more or less deeply sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid, 2 to 5in. long, green above and glabrous or sprinkled with a few minute stellate hairs, white underneath with a soft stellate often floccose tomentum. Flowers blue, rather large, in pedunculate racemes often as long as the leaves, the pedicels at first short, much elongated in fruit. Calyx 3 to 4 lines long, somewhat enlarged after flowering, densely prickly, with acuminate lobes. Corolla nearly lin. diameter, with short broad acute lobes. Berry globular, f to lin. diameter. — Dun. in DC. Prod, xiii., part i. 294. Hab.: Southern inland localities. S. semiarmatum has sometimes the aspect of this species, but is readily known by the small calyx with short teeth and without prickles, and by the more numerous smaller flowers. — Benth. 41. S. carduiforme (Cardoon-like), F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 163; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 462. An erect herb of 1 to 3ft., of a pale glaucous green, covered with a stellate tomentum rather loose on the branches, very short and not dense on both sides of the leaves. Prickles rather slender but long and very numerous on the branches, leaves, and especially on the female calyxes. Leaves narrow, irregularly pinnatifid, with rather narrow obtuse entire or sinuate lobes, the whole leaf 3 to 4in. long. Sterile flowers numerous, in dense racemes on long lateral peduncles. Calyx at the time of flowering about 3 lines long, campanu- late, with broad lobes. Corolla not large. Fertile flowers probably solitary on lateral peduncles, which are still very short in fruit. Fruiting calyx large, globular, very densely armed with long rigid prickles, enclosing a globular berry of |in. or more. Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller. 42. S. echinatum (echinate), R. Br. Prod. 447 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 463. An erect or diffuse undershrub, the branches foliage and inflorescence very densely and softly stellate-tomentose, often velvety or floccose. Prickles slender, rather small on the stems, few or none on the leaves, more abundant and longer on the calyxes. Leaves on rather long petioles, ovate oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly sinuate, very thick and soft, mostly 1 to 2in. long. Solarium.] LXXXVI. S0LANACE7E. 1091 Racemes lateral, loose, the common peduncle elongated. Flowering calyx 2 to 3 lines long, with short lanceolate lobes, very tomentose, with small prickles ; when in fruit globular, membranous, very prickly, about fin. diameter, completely enclosing the globular berry, the broad triangular lobes almost meeting over it. Corolla very tomentose, f to fin. diameter, shortly and broadly lobed. — Dun. in DC. Prod, xiii., part i. 297. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. According to R. Brown the berry is almost 4-eelled (subquadrilocularis), which I have been unable to verify in our specimens. In two flowers that I examined I found the ovary 2-eelled only, but with slight indications of transverse spurious dissepiments, which may probably grow out as the fruit enlarges. — Benth. 43. S, ellipticum (elliptic), R. Br. Prod. 44G ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 464. A shrub or undershrub, either very low and spreading or taller and erect, the branches foliage and inflorescence covered with a dense stellate tomentum, sometimes very thick soft and velvety or floccose, sometimes shorter and closer. Prickles slender, few or numerous on the stems and calyxes, few or none on the leaves. Leaves petiolate, from broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, entire or slightly sinuate or undulate, rounded or cordate at the base, mostly 1 to nearly 3in. long. Flowers in lateral racemes, often longer than the leaves, the pedicels usually short. Calyx-tube at the time of flowering 1 to 2 lines long, the lobes or teeth narrow and thick, from very short to fully twice as long as the tube ; after flowering the calyx much enlarged and dividing into broad lobes with short or long narrow points. Corolla violet, with short broad lobes, apparently varying in size from about f to about fin. diameter. Ovary 2-celled. Berry globular, surrounded by but not enclosed in the enlarged calyx. — Dun. in DC. Prod. xiii. part i. 298 ; S. lithophilurn, F. v. M. in Linnasa, xxv. 434, and Fragm. vi. 145. Hab.: Broadsound. R. Brown; near Peak Range, Leichhardt; Suttor desert, Dawson and Mackenzie Rivers, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton, O’Slumesy, Dallaehy ; Suttor and Connor Rivers and Nerkool Creek, Bowman: Flinders River, Sutherland ; Maranoa River, Mitchell; Armadilla, Barton. 44. S. quadriloculatum (4-celled), F. v. M. Frat/m . ii. 161 ; Benth. FI. Antitr. iv. 464. An undershrub attaining several feet, the branches foliage and inflorescence densely and softly stellate-tomentose. Prickles straight, rather slender, long or short, few or many on the stems and calyxes, few or none on the leaves. Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, entire, very unequal at the base, thick and soft, 2 to 4 or even 5in. long; Flowers small and numerous, in long lateral racemes (the upper ones sterile ?), the pedicels rather short. Calyx-tube campanulate, under 2 lines long, with short or long soft points or lobes, enlarged after flowering and dividing into broad lobes with narrow points. Corolla above ^in. diameter, rather deeply lobed. Ovary 4-celled. Berry globular, surrounded by but not enclosed in the enlarged calyx, but not seen quite ripe. Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller. 3. PHYSALIS, Linn. (Alluding to the inflated calyx.) Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed, inflated after flowering. Corolla broadly cam- panulate or nearly rotate, 5-angled, folded in the bud. Anthers short, opening longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled. Berry globular, enclosed in the inflated calyx. 1092 LXXXYI. SOLANACE/E. [Physalis. Embryo circular or spiral round the tlesliy albumen. — Herbs either annual or with a perennial stock. Leaves often in pairs. Flowers solitary, usually small, on axillary or lateral pedicels. A genus rather numerous in America, of which two or three species, including the Australian one, extend over the warmer regions of the Old World. Stock perennial, the whole plant softly pubescent l.*P. peruviana. Annual, sparingly pubescent. Flowers very small 2. P. minima. 1. P. peruviana (of Peru), Linn.: Dun. in DC. Prod. xiii. part i. 440 ; Benth. PI. Austr. iv. 46(5. Cape Gooseberry. A herbaceous perennial of 1 to 2ft., softly pubescent or lomentose with simple hairs. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, acuminate, entire or slightly sinuate-toothed, mostly cordate at the base, 2 to Bin. long. Pedicels short, rarely Ain. long even in fruit, recurved after flowering. Calyx when in flower about 3 lines long, with narrow lobes as long as the tube. Corolla rather above §in. in diameter, pale-yellow with purple spots in the centre. Fruiting calyx vesicular, with connivent teeth, 1 to Him long, reticulate, with the principal veins prominent, but not so angular as in P. minima. Perry globular, yellow. — Nees, in PI. Preiss. i. 344 ; P. pubescent, R. Pr. Prod. 447, and of Linn. Herb, but not of Linn. Spec. PL; P. edulix, Sims, Pot. Mag. t. 1068. Ha'i.: Brisbane River to range Trinity Bay. The spe.ies is of South American origin, and perhaps really indigenous in the islands of the Pacific, but long since cultivated for its berries, and established as a weed in several tropical countries. — Benth. 2. Pe minima (small), Linn.; Dun. in DC. Prod, xiii., part i. 445 ; Benth. PI. Austr. iv. 466. “ Neen-gwan,” Cloncurry, Palmer. An erect annual of about 1ft., with spreading branches, more or less pubescent with scattered simple hairs. Leaves petiolate. ovate, acute or acuminate, irregularly sinuate- toothed or rarely entire, thin and membranous, mostly 2 to Bin. long. Flowers very small, on filiform pedicels sometimes very short, sometimes above Ain. long. Calyx when in flower scarcely 1.) line long, with short acuminate teeth. Corolla about twice as long as the calyx, pale-yellow, the centre often purple. Fruiting calyx about lin. long, vesicular, with 5 prominent angles and acuminate conni- vent teeth. Perry globular. — P. parti flora, R. Pr. Prod. 447 ; Dun. in DC. Prod. xiii. part i. 444, with some other supposed species enumerated by Dunal ; /'. jiuhescens, Wight, 111. t. 166b, fig. 6. not of Linn.; Rheede, Hort. Mai. x. t. 71. Hab.: B oadsound and Keppel Bay. 1!. Brou-n; Moreton Bay, Leichhardt, F. v. Mueller; Rockhampton. O' Shanesy, Dallachy; Nerkool and Crocodile Creeks, Bowmam; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy : Port Molle, M‘ Gillivray . Fruit eaten by natives on Cloncurry, Palmer. Yar. indicu. A taller plant, gla'brescent; fruiting calyx 5-anglar. — Rheede, Hort. Mal.’x. t. 70. — This variety has become naturalised in many localities. The species is dispersed over tropical America. Asia, and Africa, and very common in E. India. 4. ^CAPSICUM, Linn. (Supposed to be from the Greek ; alluding to the pungent qualities of the fruit.) Calyx campanulate, subentire or minutely o-toothed, much shorter than the fruit. Corolla rotate ; lobes 5. valvate in the bud. Stamens 5, attached near the base of the corolla. Anthers not longer than the filaments, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2 rarely 3-celled ; style linear, stigma subcapitate. Perry very variable in form and size, many-seeded. Seeds discoid or subscabrous. Embryo peripheric. Specie^ American, but cultivated in all warm countries. Capsicum.] LXXXVI. SOLANACEiE. 1093 1- C. fastigiatum (erect), Blume ; Wight, Ic. t. 1617. The common Chilli. A tall shrub. Fruit erect, red, about ljin. long, tapering to a blunt point. Hab.: Naturalised in many scrubs both north and south. 5. :: NICANDRA, Gan-tn. (After Nicander, a Greek physician.) Calyx of 5 distinct broadly cordate segments or sepals, becoming much enlarged and inflated in fruit. Corolla campanulate, with 5 broad short lobes, folded (and perhaps also slightly imbricated) in the bud. Anthers short, opening longitudinally. Ovary 3 to 5-celled. Fruit a berry, enclosed in the enlarged calyx. Embryo curved in a fleshy albumen. — An erect annual, with the habit and foliage nearly of Physalis. The genus is limited to a single species. 1. N. physaloides (Physalis-like), Gartn. Fruct. ii. 237, t. 141; Dun. in DC. Prod. xiii. part i. 134 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 465. An erect glabrous annual or biennial, attaining sometimes 5 or 6ft., but usually smaller. Leaves petiolate, ovate, irregularly sinuate or coarsely toothed or lobed, 3 to 4in. long or sometimes larger. Flowers pale-blue, solitary, on short pedicels in the upper axils, forming a terminal leafy raceme. Calyx-segments at the time of flowering a little more than Jin. long and herbaceous, when in fruit above lin. long, thin and much-veined, closely connivent, forming a vesicular calyx with very prominent angles. Corolla nearly lin. long. Berry globular, nearly dry. — Bot. Mag. t. 2458 ; Atropa physloides, Linn.; and Physalis daturatfolia, Lam.; Clarke, in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 210. Hab.: A native of S. America, which has established itself as a weed in several parts of the warmer regions of the Old World, aud may be met with about Brisbane and other southern towns. 6. LYCIUM, Linn. (Name given by Dioscorides to a thorny bush.) Calyx with 5, rarely 4 teeth, often minutely dividing into 3 to 5 lobes. Corolla more or less funnel-shaped, the tube expanding into a campanulate 5 rarely 4-lobed limb, the lobes imbricate in the bud. Stamens usually unequal, longer or shorter than the corolla ; anthers opening longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled. Berry ovoid or globular. Embryo curved or semcircular, in a fleshy embryo. —Shrubs, usually glabrous, the branchlets often spinescent. Leaves entire, usually small, often clustered on the old nodes. Flowers pedicellate, solitary or several together at the ends of the branchlets or in the clusters of leaves. The genus is widely spread over the temperate and subtropical regions of the world, especially numerous in S. America and S. Africa. The Australian species is endemic. Leaves clustered at the old nodes, spathulate-oblong, 3 to 4 lines long. Corol'a about 5 lines long. Filaments shorter than the corolla, hairy to about the middle 1. L. austr ale. Leaves oblanceolate or obovate, 4 to over 12 lines long. Corolla-tube very shoit. Stamens exserted 2.*L. chinense. Leaves linear-obloug, about lin. long. Corolla-tube much longer than the lobes. Stamens exserted, glabrous at their base 3.*L. europceum. 1. !L. australe (Australian), b. v. M. in ’Frans. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 20, and Fraym. i. 83 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 467. A scrubby spreading glabrous shrub of 1 to 3ft., the smaller branchlets often degenerating into spines. Leaves clustered at the old nodes, obovate spathulate or oblong, obtuse, thick and fleshy, about Jin. 1094 LXXXVI. SOLANACE.E. [Lycium. long. Flowers usually solitary at the nodes, on short recurved pedicels. Calyx scarcely 1 line long, with minute teeth. Corolla white (F. r. M.), about 5 lines long, the tube rather slender, gradually dilated upwards, with 5 rarely 4 ovate obtuse lobes of about 1 line in length. Filaments inserted near the base of the tube, the longest nearly as long as the corolla, hairy to about the middle. Berry bright-red ( Fraym . i. 243), ovate, few or many-seeded, 4 lines long ; seeds yellowish, almost 1 line, ovate or renato-orbicular (Fraym. ii. 179). Hab.: Diamantina. Dr. Thos. L. Bancroft. The species has entirely the aspect of some of the small-leaved S. African ones. 2. ::L. chinense (of China), Mill.; Benth FI. AusL\ iv. 457 ; Dun. in DC. Prod, x iii., part i. 510, which includes L. vulgare, Dun. l.c. 509 ; Miers, Illustr. ii. 120, t. 70. A tall glabrous shrub, with long, weak, recurved or pendulous branches. Leaves oblanceolate to obovate, 4 to lin. long or even longer. Corolla with a very short tube and deeply-lobed campanulate limb, the lobes about 3 lines long. Stamens exserted. Berries ovoid or shortly oblong, orange-red. Hab.: Toowoomba and Brisbane. 3. : L. europaeum (of Europe), Linn. Boxthorn. A spinous nearly glabrous shrub. Leaves linear-oblong, about lin. long. Pedicels shorter or equalling the calyx. Calyx about 14 line, often sub bilabiate, teeth seldom less than 5. Corolla 4in. long, from purple to nearly white, lobes not half as long as the tube. Stamens exserted or subincluded ; filaments glabrous at their base. Berry 2 lines diameter, subglobose, many-seeded. — Miers, 111. S. Amer. PI. ii. 95, t. 64, fig. B ; L. savum, orientate, and persicum, Miers, l.c. 95, 99, 100, t. 64, A, B ; L. intricatum, Boiss.; Miers, l.c. 98, t. 64, fig. E ; Clarke, in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 240 and 241. Hab.: Mediterranean region, W. Asia. Met with in and about some of the s uthern towns. 7. DATURA, Linn. (An alteration from the Arabic name.) Calyx slender, circumciss near the base after flowering. Corolla funnel- shaped, with a long tube and a broad 5-angled or 5-toothed limb, folded in the bud. Ovary 2-celled, each cell incompletely divided into two. Fruit an ovoid or globular capsule, opening in four short valves, and usually beset with prickles. Embryo curved round a fleshy albumen. — Tall, coarse herbs, or, in S. American species, shrubs or soft-wooded trees. Leaves alternate, often in pairs. Flowers solitary, terminal or lateral, usually very large. A small genus, chiefly American, with 2 or 3 species equally common in, and perhaps indigenous to, the Old World. The Australian species is endemic. — Benth. Capsule reflexed, globular, lin. diameter, very prickly 1. D. Leichhardtii. Capsule nodding or suberect, subglobular, l^in. diameter, equally spinous on all sides 2 .*D. fastuosa. Capsule erect, ljin. by lin., equally spinous on all sides A.*D. stramonium. 1. D. Leichhardtii (after Dr. Leichhardt), F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 20 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 468. An erect annual of 1 to 3ft., sparingly pubescent. Leaves petiolate, ovate, acui e or shortly acuminate, irregularly sinuate-toothed or lobed, mostly 3 to 4in. long. Flowers of a pale yellowish- white, on short peduncles either terminal or in the forks, and recurved after flowering. Calyx scarcely above 4in. long. Corolla about twice as long as the calyx, the angles produced into short points. Capsule reflexed, globular, about lin. diameter, very prickly, resting on the broadly expanded persistent base of the calyx. — D. alba, F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 144, but scarcely of Nees. Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, Landsborough ; Gilbert River, F. r. Mueller; Comet River, Leichhardt; Suttor River, Dorsay ; Rockingham Bay, O’Shanesy ; Armadilla, Barton. The Australian plant has more the aspect of the common D. stramonium or of D. ferox, with the small flowers of the latter, but differs from both in the reflexed capsule. — Benth. Datura.] LXXXVL S0LANACKA5. 1095 2. "D. fastuosa (proud), Linn.; Wiyht, lc. t. 1396; Clarke, in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 242. A soft-wooded annual of 2 or 3ft. Leaves ovate entire or deeply toothed, very unequal-sided at the base. Calyx 2 or 3in. long ; lobes erect, lanceolate. Corolla white, 6 to 7in. long ; limb 4 to Sin. diameter, 5 to 6- toothed. Capsule over 4 in. diameter, subglobose, spinous. — Rumph. Herb. Amb. v., t. 87, fig. 1. Flab.: An Indian weed naturalised in most warm countries. Mount. Perry, J. Keys : Charters Towers, C. Plant. 3. D. stramonium (an abbreviation of the Creek for Mad Apple), Linn. Thorn or Mad Apple. A coarse glabrous or farinose puberulous heavy-scented annual, about. 2ft. high. Leaves ovate, toothed or sinuate, 4 to Oin. long, 3 to 4in. broad, petioles about lin. Pedicels none or short. Calyx 1 to nearly 2in. long and 8 or 4 lines broad ; lobes 3 lines long, ovate-lanceolate. Corolla 3 to Sin. long, mouth 1 to Bin. broad ; lobes 5, linear, 3 lines long. Capsule ellipsoid, 14in. long, equally spinous on all sides, spines subulate, about 2 lines long. — Benth. and Trim. Med. PI. t. 192 ; Stramonium, vulqatnm, G;ertn. Fruct. ii. 243 t. 132, fig. 4. Hab : A weed of most warm countries. Among the specimens of this weed received from correspondents some may belong to the purple-Howered variety ( D Tntnla, Willd. Sp. PI.) 8. NICOTIANA, Linn. (After John Nicot, of Nismes.) Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, persistent. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, the limb more or less spreading, 5-lobed, induplicate or folded in the bud. Stamens 5, included in the tube, often unequal ; anthers -2-celled. opening longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled : stigma broadly 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule opening in 2 bifid valves parallel to the disepiment which remains attached to the axis. Seeds numerous. Embryo slightly curved, in a fleshy albumen. — Herbs usually erect and coarse. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers white greenish-yellow or dull- red, in terminal racemes often branching into very loose panicle-like cymes. An almost entirely American genus. A tree. Leaves glaucous. Flowers yellow l.*N. ylauca. A large-leaved viscid herb. Flowers funnel-shaped, often pink 2 ,*N. Tabacum. Slender herb. Leaves on long petioles. Flowers with slender tube ... 3. N. suaveolens. 1. N,, glauca (grey), Graham. Tree Tobacco. A small tree 15 to 20ft. high. Leaves ovate, often exceeding 5in. in length and Sin. in width, fleshy and glaucous ; the petioles often long. Flower panicles drooping, terminal ; flowers tubular, greenish-yellow, exceeding lin. in length. Hab.: Native of Buenos Ayres. Naturalised in a few inland localities. 2. i:N. Tabacum (a Latin form of Tobacco), Linn.; Gtertn. P’mct. i. 264 t. 55. The Tobacco. A tall plant. Leaves large, oblong or elliptic, base cuneate. Flower corymbs compound, ultimate branches short. Calyx-teeth 3-angular, lanceolate. Corolla linear-funnel-shaped. Capsule about fin. long. — Benth. and Trimen. Med. PI. t. 191. Hab.: Native of America, and met with as a stray from cultivation in most warm countries. 3. N. suaveolens (sweet-scented), Lehm. Hist. Nicot. 43; Benth. FI. Awitr. iv. 469. An erect annual or biennial of 1 to 2ft., more or less pubescent or villous and usually viscid. Lower leaves on long petioles, ovate or spathulate, the upper ones usually narrow and sessile although contracted at the base, but Part IV. F 1096 LXXXV1. SOLANACF.E. tcotiana. exceedingly variable, sometimes all cordate and the upper small ones clasping the stem, sometimes all narrow with very few on the stem, the petiole in some specimens dilated at the base, and stem-clasping or shortly decurrent. Flowers sweet-scented, especially at night, of a pure white or greenish outside, in loose terminal racemes often branching into irregular panicles, and excedingly variable in size, on short or long pedicels. Bracts usually small and linear or none under the upper pedicels, but sometimes all larger and leafy. Calyx varying from 3 to G lines long, the lobes usually very narrow and as long as the tube. Corolla-tube slender or broad, varying from 4in. to 2in. in length, usually slightly swollen under the throat ; limb spreading Hat, from ^ to 1 in. diameter, the lobes short and broad, emarginate obtuse or almost acute, the 2 upper ones usually rather smaller than the others. Filaments adnate high up; anthers ovate or oblong, 4 usually at the throat of the corolla, the fifth much lower down. Capsule ovate, slightly acuminate, rather shorter than the calyx-lobes. Seeds very small and numerous. — Dun. in DC. Prod, xiii., part i. 565 ; .Y. undulata, Vent. -lard. Malm. t. 10; Bot. Mag. t. 673; R. Br. Prod .417 ; .Y. A u.stralaxi/B, R. Br. in Tuck. Cong. App. 472, Misc. Works, ed. Benn. i. 158; A’, rotund i folia, Lind!. Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 59; .V. faatiiiiata , Nees, in PI. Preiss. i. 343. Hab.: Rockhampton and Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Bowen River, Bowman; in the interior, Mitchell: Curriwillinghi and Armadilla, Barton. According to Ur T. L. Bancroft, an extract of this plant i- very poisonous, in every respec1 resembling the physiological action of Tobacco (N. Tahacum, Linn.) He state-, that it contains a small amount of nicotine. Var. parviflora . Corolla much under lin. long. Leaf -petioles sometimes auriculate, some- times not. Panicle large and loose. — The common form north and south. Var. lonyiflora. Corolla-tube at least 2in. long. Leaves various Amby Creek and other inland localities. From Mr. G. L. Debney, of Monkira, 1 have a specimen of a form intermediate between var- parviflora and var. longi flora, which appears to be a more robust, plant than either. It might bear the distinctive name of var. Dclmeyi : and I would advise it being used a< Ihe mother plant in obtaining a cross between it and some of the cultivated tobaccos. 9. PETUNIA. Juss. (Said to be from Prtuu, the Brazilian name for Tobacco.) Calyx deeply 5-fid or 5-partite, lobes oblong. Corolla funnel-shaped or salver- shaped. Stamens 5, attached to the corolla-tube at or below the middle, included: filaments filiform. Anthers ovate, often deeply 2-lobed. Disk fiesby. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous, nearly oval, foveolate-rugose. — Viscid-pubescent herbs with entire leaves and solitary flowers either violet or white. Species American. Garden forms between the two species, 1’. ay ctiyini flora. Juss.. and 1‘. riolnrea, Lindl.. are often met with near towns as strays from garden culture. 10. DUBQISIA. R. Br. (After Louis Dubois.) Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla ovate-campanulate, the lobes broad, induplicate in the bud. Stamens 4, didynamous, included in the tube, the upper ones the longest, the fifth uppermost one reduced to a minute rudiment ; anthers reniform, turned outwards at least when fully out, the cells confluent at the apex. Stigma slightly dilated and 2-lobed. Fruit a,n indehiscent herrv. Seeds few, curved, Duboisia.] LXXXVI. SOLANACEAS. 1097 with a crustaceous tubercular-rugose testa ; embryo curved, the albumen not copious. — Small glabrous tree. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers small, in terminal centrifugal panicles. The genus is, as far as kno.vn, limited to 3 species. one extending from E. Australia to New Caledonia. Leaves from oblong-obovate to oblong-lanceolate. Stamens included 1. ]). myoporoides . Stamens exserted 2. 7). Leichhardtii Leaves narrow-linear 3. D. Hopwoodii. 1. D. myoporoides (Myoporum-like), R. Br. Prod. 448; Booth. FI. Austr. iv. 474. A tall shrub or small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, from obovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or rarely acute, entire, contracted into a petiole, 2 to 4in. long. Panicles terminal, sometimes leafy at the base, usually much branched, broadly pyramidal or corymbose. Bracts minute. Calyx broadly campanulate, with broad obtuse teeth. Corolla about 2 lines long, white or pale-lilac, the lobes rather short and obtuse. Stamens included in the tube. Berry small, black, juicy, nearly globular. — Endl. Iconogr. t. 77 ; Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 191 ; Miers, Illustr. t. 87 ; Notched ligmtrina, Sieb. PI. Exs. Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Fraser, F. v. Mueller ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachij. A common tree on the borders of scrubs. The juice of the leaves and fruit act rapidly on the iris and accommodation of the eye, producing a widely dilated pupil in twenty minutes. This was introduced into practice some years ago by the late Dr. Joseph Bancroft, and ontinues to be largely used both in Europe and Australia. The late Rev Dr. Will. Woolls, iu paper on “ The plants of Kurrajong and Tomab (N.S.W.),” reports having heard it stated that “ the aborigines make holes in the trunk of this tree and put some fluid in them which, when drunk on the following morning, produces stupor.” and that “branches of the tree are thrown into pools for the purpose of intoxicating the eels and bringing them to the surface.” Wood of a light yellow colour, light and firm, easy to work ; useful for cabinet-work, carving, Ac — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods No. 291. 2. D. Leichhardtii (after L. Leichhardt), F. u. M. in Winy’s Sou. Sci. Roc. ii. 222. A glabrous shrub or small tree, with the foliage and inflorescence of D. inijojinroides. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse, entire, narrowed into a petiole, quite flat, 2 to 4in. long. Panicles terminal, somewhat leafy at the base, broadly pyramidal or corymbose. Bracts very small. Pedicels short. Calyx small, broadly campanulate. with short broad teeth. Corolla-tube nearly 2 lines long, ovate-campanulate, lobes narrow, acuminate, rather longer than the tube. Anthers 1-celled. Fruit an oval black berry, about 3 lines long, con- taining about 6 reniform granulated seeds about 1 line long. — Antlioo iris ! Leichhardtii, F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 142 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 481. Hab : Mount Playfair, Mrs. Biddttlph (F. v. M.) 3. D. Hopwoodii (after H. Hopwood), F. r. M. Fragm. x. 20. A glabrous tree or shrub. Leaves narrow-linear, acutely acuminate, with the point often recurved, entire, rather thick, narrowed into a short petiole, 2 to 4in. long. Flowers in short terminal cymes or leafy pyramidal panicles. Bracts minute. Calyx small, broadly campanulate, with obtuse teeth. Corolla-tube campanulate, 3 to 34 lines lonh ; lobes broad, very obtuse, shorter than the tube. Anthers 1-celled. Berry globose. — Anthoccrcis / Hopwoodii, F. v. 41. Fragm. ii. 138; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 480. Hab.: Georgina River. The leaves of this shrub is the Pituri of the natives, and chewed by them like tobacco by some whites. The shrub contains an alkaloid analagous to nicotine.- hr. .1 . Bancroft. 1098 LXXXVII. SCROPHULARINEjE. Order LXXXVII. SCRQPHULARINEJE, Flowers irregular or seldom nearly regular. Sepals 5, either free or more frequently united in a toothed or lobed calyx. Corolla usually 2-lipped, but sometimes nearly regular, with 5 or rarely 4 or more than 5 lobes, more or less imbricate, and in one tribe folded in the bud. Stamens usually 2 or 4, in pairs, inserted in the tube and alternating with the lower lobes of the corolla ; the fifth stamen, between the 2 upper lobes, usually deficient or rudimentary or sterile, very rarely perfect ; anthers 2-celled or 1 -celled by the confluence of the cells or by the abortion of one of them, the cells opening longitudinally. Ovary 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell, attached to a single placenta in the centre of the dissepiment. Style simple with a 2-lobed or rarely entire stigma. Fruit a 2-celled capsule or very rarely an indehiscent berry. Seeds with more or less of albumen, the testa usually reticulate or tubercular-rugose, sometimes crustaceous. Embryo straight or rarely curved. — Herbs or rarely shrubs or small trees. Leaves usually opposite (or verticillate) in the lower part of the plant, alternate higher up, but sometimes all alternate or all opposite, without stipules. Flowers in terminal racemes or cymes, or the lower ones, rarely all, axillary. Bracts small or none besides the floral leaves, bracteoles very rare. A large Order widely dispersed over every part of the globe. Series A. Pseutlosolaneae. — Leaven all alternate. Inflorescence simply centripetal Corolla with the 2 upper lobes exterior in the bud. Tribe I. Verbasce®. — Corolla rotate. Stamens declinate. Anthers \-cc.llcd. Erect coarse herbs with alternate leaves. Stamens 5 . I.’Verbasoum, Stamens 4 2.*Celsia. Series B Antirrhinidere. Corolla o-lobed or 2-lipped, imbricate in the bud, the upper lip or 2 upper lobes outside. Inflorescence centripetal or, in genera not Australian, compound. ( .‘Estivation uncertain in some of the minute-flowered Limosellete.) Tribe II. Calceolarieae. — The lower leaves sometimes opposite. Corolla-tube scarcely any, 2-lipped , concave or slipper form. Stamens 2. Herbs undei shrubs or shrubs. The one met with in Queensland an annual weed 3. ’Calceolaria. Tribe III. Antin’ hill eae. — Corolla tubular at the base, the tube produced into a. spur or protuberance. Stamens ascending, included in the tube. Capstde opening in pores or detached opercula. Lower leaves or all opposite. Corolla spurred (prostrate pubescent annual) . . 4.*Linaria. Tribe IV. G-ratioleas. — Corolla tabular at the base, neither spurred nor gibbous Stamens shorter than the corolla, ascending. Capsule opening in 2 or 4 valves, or very rarely indehiscent. Subtriiik I. Mimuleae. — Calyx 5-toothed or fid. Stamens 4, all perfe-g included; anther- cells contiguous. Capsule loculicidally 2 to A-valved or indehiscent. Calyx tubular, 5-angled, 5-toothed. Anther-cells contiguous 5. Mimulus. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed. Anther-cells contiguous 6. Mazus. Subtrirk II. Stemodiese. Calyx 5 -partite. Stamens 4. all perfect, included; anther- cells separate. Calyx divided to the base or nearly so. Anther-cells more or less stipitate or separated from each other. Dissepiment ot the capsule splitting and forming the indexed margins « of the valves, leaving the two placentas free and separate. Anthers of the longer stamens l-celled 7. Adenosma Anthers all 2-celled 8. Stemodia. Dissepiment of the capsule splitting, but leaving the placentas con- solidated in a single column . y. Morciania. Dissepiment of the capsule remaining entire, at least at the base, and forming wings to the placental column . 10 Lim.nophii.a. LXXXVII. SCROPHULARINE^E. 1099 Subtribe III. Herpestideae. — Calyx 5-part ite, imbricate. Stamens included; anther- cells contiguous. Capsule 2 to A- rained. Calyx divided to the base, the outer segment much broader than the others. Anther-cells contiguous 11. Herpestis. Stamens 2 perfect, the 2 lower ones reduced to filiform siaminoliaor entirely deficient. Calyx divided to the base. Capsule 4-valved, leaving the placentas consolidated in a single column ... 12. Gratiola. Calyx campanulate. 5-lobed. Capsule 2-valved, bearing the separate placentas in their centre • ... 13. Dopatrium. Scbtbibk IV. Vandellieae. — Stem-leaves opposite. Upper stamens perfect and included in the tube Lower stamens inserted in the throat, either reduced to staminodia or with long arched filame nt s with an angle or small lobe or appendage near the base, the anthers contiguous or cohering under the under lip. Capsule opening in 2 entire valves parallel to the dissepiment. Perfect stamens 4. Calyx deeply divided into herbaceous segments, dilated and imbricate at the base Flowers large. Appendage to tbe lower stamens broad and flat ... 14. Artanema. Calyx deeply divided into linear segments, sometimes cohering in a 5-tootbed calyx. Appendage to the lower stamens linear .... 15. Vandeei.ta. Perfect stamens 2. Calyx divided to the base. Staminodia 2. linear and obtuse, entire. Capsule oblong or linear 16. Bonnaya. Subtribe V. Iiimoselleae. Small creeping or prostrate herbs with opposite or clustered leaves Corolla (minute) with a short tube and 5 nearly egual lobes estivation variable l) Anthers 1 -celled. Capsule various. Calyx 5-toothed. Stamens 2. Leaves opposite. Capsule loculieidally 2-valved 17. Microcarpa: \. Capsule indehiseent or bursting irregularly or obscurely 4-valved . . IS. Pepi.tdium. Calyx obtusely 3 or 4-lobed. Stamens 2 or 4. Capsule loculieidally 2- valved. Leaves opposite 19. Giossostigma. Calyx -5-toothed. Stamens 4. Leaves clustered or alternate. Capsule opening in 2 valves parallel to the dissepiment ... 20. Limosei.la. Series C. Rhinanthideae.— Corolla either with 4. 5 (or rarely more in genera not Australian) spreading lobes, variously imbricate in the hud, the upper ones very rarely outside, or 2-lipped with the upper lip inside. Inflorescence centripetal or very rarely in genera not Australian compound. Tribe V. Dig italeie. -Corolla -lobes ail fiat, usually spreading, the lateral, or one of them, exterior in the bud. Anther-cells usually confluent at the tip and spreading below, rarely wholly confluent.. — Herbs. Leaves various. Inflorescence simple, centripetal. Subtribe I. Sibthorpiea?. — Corolla subrotate; lubes 4 or 5 or more Stamens as many as lobes, or fewer by 1, equal. Anthers sagittate or horseshoe-shaped. -Corolla rotate, 4-lobed. Stamens 4. Anthers equally 2-celled, sagittate . 21. Scoparia. Subtribe II. Veroniceae. — Corolla rotate or tube campanulate or cylindrical, 4 to 5-lobed. Stamens 2 or 4, exserted, equal. Anthers distant ; anther-celts parallel or divergent, tips con- fluent. Leaves alternate or radical. Corolla rotate or with a distinct tube, 4-lobed. Stamens 2, exserted; anthers with confluent cells, not mucronate 22. Veronica. Tribe VI Gerardiese. — Corolla-lobes all flat, spreading, 2 upper usually interior in bud. Anther-cells distinct throughout, bases often mucronate , equal or 1 imperfect or wanting. Subtribe I. Buchnereae. — Calyx tubular or subcampanulate. Corolla-tube slender, limb spreading. Anthers l-cellcd, cells narrow ; tip usually mucronate. Corolla-tube straight. Capsule obtuse 23. Buchnera. Corolla-tube bent above the middle. Capsule obtuse 24. Striga. Corolla-tube elongated. Capsule acuminate, tbe beak often oblique . . 25. Rhamphicarpa. 1100 LXXXYir. SCROPHULARINE.E. i -.1 [I. Eug erardieae. — < Uy arious. Corolla-tube slurrtar broad, rarely slender ; limb spreadi tin, uppc> lobe - interior in bud. Anther-cells equal or 1 smaller and imperfect. Corolla with a distinct tube or broadly campanulate ; lobes 5. nearly equal. Stamen> 4. Calyx herbaceous, -plit on one side. Anther-cells unequal, mncronate or awned . 20. Ckxtuaxthkea. Calyx 5-toothed or shortly 5-lobed. Anthers with 1 large scarcely raucronate cell and 1 stipitate empty cell *27. Sopciua. I'iui-.k \[[ Euphrasieae. — enroll t 'A-lipped. tpper up erect, concur' or blinded, interior in bud. lower usually spreadinn. Antlier-cells distinct, bases usually mucronate. Corolla- tube not veiv slender Stamens 4 Anther-cells equal, both mucronate ... 2.s. Hcphuama. 1. VERBASCUM. Linn. (From Barhasntvi ; filaments bearded.) Calyx "-lobed or partite ; lobes imbricate. Corolla totate ; lobes 5. broad, the upper exterior in bud. Stamens 5 (very rarely 4), filaments all or the 3 upper bearded. Anthers transverse or oblique, cells confluent. Style-top dilated, stigma simple. Capsule globose, oblong or ovoid, septicidal*; valves separating from the axils. Seeds numerous, rugose, not winged. Embryo straight. — Erect, tomentose or woolly, usually tall herbs. Leaves all alternate. Flowers in -imple or paniculate, terminal racemes or spikes, ebracteate, yellow, rarely white or red. Species chiefly Mediteranean. L V. Slattaria an old generic name of Tournefort’s), l.inn.: Benth. in JK . Proil. x. '230. Moth Mullein. An erect coarse simple or scarcely branched biennial of 2 to 3ft.. either glabrous or slightly glandular-pubescent in the upper part. Leaves alternate, oblong, coarsely toothed or sinuate, the lower ones petiolate. the upper ones sessile and sometimes slightly decurrent. Flowers yellow or rarely white, in a long loose simple raceme on pedicels of 3 to 6 lines. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, with 5 broad rounded lobes. Stamens 5 deelinate. the filaments woolly with purple hairs. Anthers 1-celled. Capsule 2-valved with numerous small seeds. — Blattaria vulgaris, Fourr. Hah.: Europe. Met with as a stray from garden culture in southern localities. 2. CELSIA. Linn. (After Olaus Celseus, M.D.) Characters of I erhascion, but stamens 4. L C. cretica (Cretan), Linn.: Benth. in !>' . Brad. x. 244. An erect biennial with much the habit of 1 'nhascum Blattaria, pubescent and more or less viscid. Lo wer and radical leaves lyrate-pinuatifid, upper ones cordate and stem-clasping. Flowers larger than in V. Blattaria, sessile within each bract, in a long terminal spike. Calyx divided into 5 broad serrate segments. Corolla rotate. Stamens 4. deelinate. the 2 upper ones with woolly filaments and short reciform anthers, the 2 lower with much longer glabrous filaments and linear adnate anthers. Capsule 2-valved. Hab. : Europe. Met with in southern localities as a stray from garden culture. 3. CALCEOLARIA, Linn. (Fanciful resemblance of the corolla to a slipper, calceolus.) Calyx 4 -parted; segments valvate. nearly equal, the upper segment generally a little broader than the rest. Corolla with a very short tube; limb 2-lipped, the upper short, truncately rounded, entire, the lower often large and inflated. Calceolaria.] LXXXVII. SCROPHULARINE/E. 1101 concave, slipper-shaped. Stamens 2, inserted it the base ol the tube ; short cells of anthers divaricate (one of which is sterile). Stigma minute. Capsule ovate-conical, 2-celled, opening septicidally, valves bilid ; placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds numerous, sulcately angular. — Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs, with opposite verticillate very rarely alternate leaves. Flowers in many- fiowered cymes, rarely solitary ; yellow, white, or purplish. 1. C. scabiosaefolia (Scabiosa-leaved), How. owl Schultes, Hot. Mai/, t. 240’>. An annual pubescent plant from a few inches to over a foot high. Leaves opposite, pinnate or pinnatifid ; pinna* or lobes acuminate, serrate. Flowers iu the upper axils, the peduncles lengthening out after flowering, bright- yellow. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper very short, concave- hooded, the lower large and inflated, nearly orbicular, flattened. Stamens 2, filaments with 2 arms, one arm bearing a l-celled anther concealed under the hood of the upper lip of flower, the other sterile arm exserted. Ovary pubescent, 2-celled. Style conical. Stigma simple, seeds numerous. — C. pinna to, 11. ,v P. mib.: Peruvian annual. Naturalised on the banks of the Brisbane River. 4. -LIN ARIA, -Tuss. (Linum-like.) Sepals 5, imbricate. Corolla-tube spurred in front, upper lip erect, 2-lobed ; lower spreading, 8-lobed. throat usually closed by the tumid palate. Stamens 4, didyuamons, ascending, included; anther-cells distinct, parallel. Style filiform, stigma minute. Capsule ovoid or globose, 2-celled. Each cell or the anterior only opening by an apical pore. Seeds numerous, polymorphous. — Herbs. Leaves usually opposite, or whorled below and alternate above. Flowers axillary, racemose or spicate, ebracteate. Almost all the specie* belong to the temperate regions of the Old World. 1. Sj. bipartita (2-parted). An erect annual. Leaves linear or linear- lanceolate, flat, alternate or verticillate, those of the surculi broader and 8 or 4 in a whorl. Flowers in a terminal raceme ; segments of calyx lanceolate, with membranous margins. Corolla usually violet-purple, the palate orange, spur arched long as corolla,. Capsule opening by fl teeth at the apex. Seeds oblong, black, slightly curved. — Antirrhinum hipartitum, Vent. Hab.: Met with a* a stray from garden culture. 5. MIMULUS, Linn. (A little mask; appearance of capsule.) (Uvedalia, It. Br.) Calyx tubular, with 5 prominent angles, ending in 5 small teeth. Corolla tubular at the base, the upper lip erect or spreading, 2-lobed ; the lower lip spreading, 8-lobed, usually with 2 protuberances at its base in the throat ; all the lobes broad and rounded. Stamens 4 in pairs ; anthers all perfect, 2-celled, but the cells often confluent at the top. Style with 2 ovate nearly e. Curdieana (after Dr. Daniel Curdie), F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 166. Perennial, root-stock somewhat thickened, stoloniferous, petioles nearly terete, attaining 6 or more inches in length, about 1 line in thickness. Leaves ovate, floating, about lin. long. Flowers in clusters, nearly sessile at the base of the petioles. Calyxes attaining 2 or 8 lines, with 5 somewhat acute teeth, fleshy, almost valvate in the bud. Corolla included in the calyx, scarcely 1 line long ; lobes whitish-green, pilose on the upper side, slightly imbricate or almost valvate. Stamens 4, didymous, inserted in the throat of the corolla ; filaments short ; anthers oval-reniform ; 1-celled dorsifixed. Style slender, filiform, scarcely £ line long. Stigma finely papillose. Capsule 2 lines long, ovate-globose, 1-celled, with numerous finely netted ellipsoid seeds. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller. 21. SCOPARI A, Linn. (Broom-like.) Calyx divided to the base into 4 or 5 segments. Corolla rotate, 4-lobed, hairy at the throat, the lobes imbricate in the bud. Stamens 4 ; anthers sagittate. Style slightly club-shaped at the top, truncate or emarginate. Capsule opening septicidally in 2 entire valves, leaving the placental column free. — Much-branched herbs or low undershrubs. Leaves opposite or whorled. Pedicels axillary, usually 2 together, without bracteoles. The genus consists of but few species, all South American, including the Australian one, which is now a common weed in almost all tropical regions. 1. S. dulcis (sweet), Linn.; Bentli. in DC. Prod. x. 431, and FI. Auatr. iv. 504. A much-branched glabrous annual (or sometimes perennial ?), erect or decumbent at the base, 1 to 3ft. high. Leaves usually in whorls of 3, oblong- lanceolate or the upper ones linear in the Australian specimens, the lower ones broader, in some American ones dentate, narrowed into a petiole often rather long, the lamina varying from \ to l^in. Flowers numerous, small, white, on filiform pedicels of 2 to 4 lines. Calyx-segments 4, ovate-oblong, about 1 line long. Corolla about 3 lines diameter. Capsule rather longer than the calyx. — R. Br. Prod. 443 ; Gaertn. Fruct. i. 251. t. 53. fig. 10. Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller; Cairns, E. Cowley; Broadsound, R. Brown, Bowman; Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; Lizard Island, M'Gillivray ; Nerkool Creek, Bowman; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, Dallacliy, O’Slianesy; Bundaberg, Rev. B. Scortechini. The species is supposed to be of American origin, now a common tropical weed. 1116 LXXXVII. SCROPHULARlNEiE. 22. VERONICA, Linn. (Derivation doubtful.) Calyx deeply divided into 4 or rarely 5 segments. Corolla either rotate or with a distinct tube and spreading limb ; lobes 4 or very rarely 5, imbricate in the bud, the lateral ones or one of them outside. Stamens 2, inserted in the tube and exserted from it ; anthers with confluent cells, without points or awns. Style filiform, with an undivided somewhat capitate stigma. Capsule compressed or turgid, furrowed on each side, either septicidally dehiscent with the placentas separating or loculicidally dehiscent with the valves remaining adherent to the undivided placental column, or separating from it and septicidally bifid. Seeds ovate or orbicular, compressed, attached by the inner flat concave or slightly convex surface, the outer surface more or less convex. — Herbs undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves opposite or rarely the upper ones alternate, the floral leaves or bracts always alternate. Flowers blue pink or white, solitary in the axils of the floral leaves and bracts, without or very rarely with bracteoles, forming usually tenninal or axillary racemes. A large genus, abundant in the temperate and colder regions of the northern hemisphere, in New Zealand, and the Antarctic regions, ascending to great elevations and high latitudes, with a very few tropical species, and those chiefly in mountain regions or descending along streams. Sect. I. Hebe.— Evergreen shrubs or densely tufted or tall and erect herbs. Leaves all opposite. Flowers in axillary racemes, very rarely reduced to single flowers. Capsule more or less turgid and septicidally dividing when ripe, at least at the top. Stems from a perennial base tall, simple or nearly so. Racemes elongated, many-flowered. Leaves broadly lanceolate, serrate I V. Derwentia. Sect. II. Chamsdrjrs. — Herbs from a perennial usually creeping rootstock , diffuse, ascending or erect. Leaves all opposite. Flowers in axillary racemes. Capsule compressed, the valves not separating from the placental columns. Leaves broadly ovate, petiolate, rounded truncate or cordate at the base, mostly i to lin. long. Stems hirsute with long hairs, long and procumbent or short and erect. Calyx-segments large, obtuse, ciliate 2. V. calycina. Stems slender, shortly pubescent, long and procumbent, rarely short and erect. Calyx-segments rather acute 3. V. plebeia. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 3in. long. Stems erect, often tall, loosely pubescent or hirsute 4. V. notabilis. Sect. III. Veronicastrum. — Annual or perennial herbs, usually decumbent or small. Stem-leaves opposite, passing into the alternate floral leaves or bracts. Racemes or spikes terminal, simple, the lower bracts like the stem-leaves. Capsule as in Chamsedrys. Plants perennial, decumbent, and rooting at the base. Flowers distinctly pedicellate 5. V.serpyllifolia. Annual. Flowers sessile or nearly so .... - 6. F. peregrinia. All the Queensland species, have the corolla rotate or nearly so, with a very short tube, and none have bracteoles ; the bracts subtending the pedicels are small and narrow in all except the section Veronicastrum. 1. V. Derwentia (an old generic name), Amir. Bot. Rep. t. 531 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 507. Stems from a perennial base erect, simple, 2 to 3ft. high, glabrous as well as the foliage except a few cilia at the junction of the leaves, and sometimes a slight pubescence in 2 decurrent lines on the stem, or the inflorescence shortly pubescent. Leaves sessile, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, attaining 3 or 4in. Flowers pale-blue or white, rather crowded, in racemes often 6 to 8in. long in the upper axils. Calyx about 1£ line long, divided to below the middle into 4 lanceolate or almost linear lobes, with usually a small upper fifth lobe. Corolla-lobes rather broad, acute, nearly 3 lines long, not very unequal but obscurely arranged in 2 lips. Capsule ovoid or oblong, obtuse or acute, turgid at the base, exceeding the calyx, readily septicidal. — V. labiata, R. Br. Prod. 434 ; Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 463 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 293; Bot. Mag. t. 1660, and 3461. Hab.: Darling Downs. Veronica .] LXXXVII. SCROPHULARINEflS. 1117 2. V. calycina (calyx enlarging after flowering), R. Br. Prod. 435 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 509. Stems from a creeping rootstock either procumbent, spreading to a considerable extent and rooting at the lower nodes, or some of the flowering ones usually ascending or erect, from a few inches to nearly 1ft. long, more or less hirsute, the hairs usually rather long and in 2 opposite rows but sometimes nearly all round the stem. Leaves more petiolate than in the preceding species, broadly ovate, coarsely crenate-toothed, rounded truncate or cordate at the base, from under ^in. to lin. or rarely rather more in length and and often almost as broad, the floral ones smaller and sometimes more sessile and narrower. Flowers in the ascending stems in pedunculate few-flowered rather loose axillary racemes, or on the procumbent stems almost reduced to clusters, the pedicels long with a very short common peduncle. Calyx-segments broadly ovate, obtuse, ciliate, usually about 2 lines long when in flower but soon enlarged and sometimes twice that size and thin. Corolla-lobes obtuse, either scarcely exceeding the calyx or twice as long. Capsule compressed, broadly obcordate or truncate, shorter than the calyx. — Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 477 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 294 ; V. stolonifera, Lehm. Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1842, and in PI. Preiss. i. 342, Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 477 and 490 (from the character given) ; V. cycnorum, Miq. in PI. Preiss. i. 342 (from the character given) ; V. Qunnii, Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 477. Hab.: Burnett Kiver, F. v. Mueller. 3. V. plebeia (common), R. Br. Prod. 435; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 510. Stems from a creeping rootstock procumbent, elongated and much more slender than in the other species, sometimes several feet long, occasionally rooting at the nodes, rarely emitting a tuft of erect branches of a few inches, usually minutely pubescent, without the long hairs of V. calycina. Leaves on rather long petioles, broadly ovate sometimes almost deltoid, deeply acutely and irregularly toothed, truncate or broadly cordate at the base, from under -Jin. to about lin. long. Racemes as in V. calycina , sometimes rather slender pedunculate and 2 or even 3in. long with the pedicels not much longer than the calyx, sometimes almost reduced to clusters of 2 or 3 flowers on long pedicels with a very short common peduncle. Calyx-segments about 2 lines long when in flower, and rarely above 3 when in fruit, rather acute and minutely ciliolate. Corolla not much longer than the calyx. Capsule shorter than the calyx, compressed, nearly orbicular, not at all or only very slightly emarginate. — Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 478 ; V. deltoidea, Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 17. Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller, G. Stuart; Maranoa River, Mitchell; common in southern localities. The New Zealand V. elongata, Benth. (V. calycina, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag. under n. 3461), does not appear to be really distinct from V. plebeia. — Benth. 4. V. notabilis (notable), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 511. Stems from a creeping or decumbent base, ascending or erect, 1ft. high or more, often much stouter than in the preceding species, loosely pubescent or hirsute. Leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute and acutely toothed, 1 to 3in. long. Racemes in the upper axils loose, 3 to 8in. long, the pedicels usually longer than the calyx. Calyx-segments rather acute, 2 lines long when in flower, lengthening to 3 lines in fruit. Corolla not much exceeding the calyx, but not seen very perfect. Capsule shorter than the calyx, broad, truncate, or slightly notched. Hab.: Near Wallangarra. This species, which had been determined by A. Cunningham to be the V. arguta of Brown, and was included under that name by Bentham in the “ Prodromus” and by Hooker in the “ Tasmanian Flora,” proves to be very different from Brown’s plant, and apparently as distinct a species as any of the Chamadrys group in Australia except V. nivea (which has not as yet been met with in Queensland). 1118 LXXXVII. SCROPHULARINE-iE. [Veronica. 5. V. serpyllifolia (Serpyllum-leaved), Linn.; Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 432 ; and FI. Anstr., iv. 511. A perennial with shortly creeping very much branched stems, forming a small flat dense leafy tuft, the flowering branches ascending from 2in. to nearly ^ft., the whole plant minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous. Lower leaves shortly petiolate. the upper ones sessile or nearly so, ovate, obtuse, slightly crenate, rarely exceeding £in. Flowers very small, of a pale-blue or white with darker streaks, on pedicels from 1 to 1£ line, or rarely nearly sessile, in a simple terminal raceme or spike, the subtending bracts, especially the lower ones, rather large and leaf-like and passing into the stem leaves. Calyx but little more than 1 line long at the time of flowering, somewhat enlarged in fruit. Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx. Capsule broad, com- pressed, often rather deeply notched. Hab.: Near Wallangarra. The species is common in the temperate and colder regions of both the northern and southern hemispheres ascending to high latitudes and great elevations, and also in mountain ranges within the tropics. — Benth. 6. V. peregrina (habit diffuse), Linn.; Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 482 ; and FI. Austr. iv. 511. An annual with erect or ascending stems, simple or branch- ing at the base, glabrous or minutely glandular-pubescent, usually about 6in. high, but lengthening occasionally to 1ft. Radical and lowest leaves petiolate and ovate but soon dying off, the others sessile, oblong or linear, entire or serrate, rarely exceeding tin., passing into smaller alternate linear floral leaves or bracts. Flowers small, pale-blue or white, sessile in the axils of the floral leaves or bracts, forming a terminal interrupted leafy spike. Calyx segments oblong, but little more than 1 line long, slightly enlarged after flowering. Corolla not exceeding the calyx. Capsule, about as broad as long, compressed, slightly notched, about 1J line diameter. Seeds very small. Hab.: Southern localities. The species is common in extratropical America, rather less abundant within the tropics, and appears here and there in the Old World introduced from America, and may have been intro- duced into Australia. 23. BUCHNERA, Linn. (After J. G. Buchner.) Calyx tubular, obscurely nerved, shortly 5-toothed. Corolla-tube slender, straight or slightly curved, the limb with 5 almost equal obovate or oblong spreading lobes, the 2 upper ones inside in the bud. Stamens 4, in pairs, included in the tube ; anthers 1 -celled, vertical. Style club-shaped at the top, entire. Capsule straight, not acuminate, opening loculicidally in 2 entire valves. — Stiff erect herbs, usually drying black. Lower leaves opposite, the upper ones alternate. Flowers sessile, forming terminal dense or interrupted spikes, with a pair of bracteoles under the calyx. The genus is widely dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and America. The limits of the species are exceedingly difficult to determine, and the Australian ones may be considered either as all endemic or nearly so, or all except B. tetragona may be referred as varieties to a single species common in tropical Asia and Africa and very near to a common American one. — Benth. Flowers in short dense 4-sided spikes, the imbricate bracts very broad and as long as the calyx 1 . B. tetragona. Flowers in slender interrupted spikes, the bracts either narrow or much shorter than the calyx. ltadical and lower leaves broad, rosulate ; upper ones narrow, acute. Corolla glabrous 2. B. urtici/olia. LXXXVII. SCROPHULARINEiE. 1119 Buchnera.] Leaves all narrow, the lower ones oblong, the upper ones linear, mostly acute. Corolla glabrous. Corolla-tube 3 to 4 lines long 3. B. linearis. Corolla-tube not 2 lines long 4. B. tenella. Leaves all narrow and obtuse, usually hoary, the lower ones oblong. Stems simple. Corolla glabrous outside 5. B. gracilis. Stems branching. Corolla pubescent or hispid outside 6. B. ramosissima- 1. B. tetragona (4-angled), R. Br. Prod. 437 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 514. Erect tall and stout, some specimens simple and fully 2ft. high, others smaller and branched, and all quite glabrous. Lower leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse, coarsely and irregularly sinuate toothed, narrowed into a short broad petiole and sometimes 3 to 4in. long, upper ones lanceolate and sometimes all under 2in. Spikes usually 3 to 5 together, almost sessile within the last pair of leaves, very thick and 1| to 2in. long, the flowers densely imbricate in 4 rows, each one sessile within a bract 2 to 3 lines long, much broader than long, very shortly acuminate in the middle. Bracteoles narrow, complicated, acuminate, as long as the calyx. Calyx, 2^ lines, not at all or scarcely compressed, the lobes narrow, very acute, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla-tube slender, nearly 4 lines long, the lobes broad, nearly equal, spreading to 3 or 4 lines diameter. Capsule oblong, rather longer than the calyx.— Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 495. Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Cape York and the islands of Torres Straits. Allied to the E. Indian B. tetrastieha, but readily distinguished by the smoothness of the whole plant as well as by the calyxes and bracts. — Benth. 2. B. urticifolia (Nettle-leaved), R. Br. Prod. 437; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 514. Scabrous-pubescent or nearly glabrous. Stems erect and simple or branching and slightly decumbent at the base, rather slender, often above 1ft. high. Radical and lower leaves almost rosulate at the base of the stem, obovate or broadly oblong usually sessile, obtuse, entire, or slightly sinuate-toothed, 1 to 14 or rarely 2in. long ; stem leaves narrower, the upper ones linear or linear- lanceolate, acute. Flowers purplish or nearly white, in slender interrupted terminal spikes. Bracts mostly ovate, acute, ciliate, about half as long as the calyx or the lower ones longer and narrower ; bracteoles similar, but smaller. Calyx narrow, rarely 2 lines long, the teeth acute. Corolla glabrous outside, the tube slender, not twice as long as the calyx. Capsule oblong, obtuse, either equal to or rather exceeding the calyx.— Benth in DC. Prod. x. 496 ; Endl. Iconogr. t. 78. Hab.: Common along the coast, B. Brown and others ; from Cape York, Dcemel, to Morelon Bay, F. v. Mueller. The common E. Indian B. hispida differs chiefly in being much more hirsute. The African B. leptostachya can scarcely be distinguished from some forms of the species, which might indeed include, as slight varieties, the following four. — Benth. 3. B. linearis (leaves narrow) R. Br. Prod. 437 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 515. Scabrous-pubescent. Stems erect, simple or slightly branched, often exceeding lft. the upper leaves linear and acute as in B. urticifolia, and sometimes the lower ones scarcely broader, but usually those near the base of the stem are oblong, obtuse, often obscurely toothed, narrowed into a petiole and not sessile nor rosulate. Flowers and fruit the same as in B. urticifolia, or rather larger. Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 497. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. Var. asperata. B. asperata, R. Br. Prod. 438; Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 496, appears to be a rather larger, coarser, and more scabrous form of the same species. — Bustard Bay and Bay of Inlets, Banks and Solander. 4. B. tenella (slender) R. Br. Prod. 437 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 515. More slender than the other species, simple or branched, often lft. high or more, the foliage and the lower part of the plant sparingly hirsute, the upper 1120 LXXXVII. SCROPHULARINEJL \ Buchner a. part often quite glabrous. Leaves all narrow and mostly narrow-linear and acute. Flowers yellowish-brown, smaller than in B. linearis and B. urticifolia, but otherwise similar, the corolla glabrous outside, the tube not 2 lines long. — Benth in DC. Prod. x. 497. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Facing Island, R. Brown. 5. B. gracilis (slender), R. Br. Prod. 437 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 515. Very near B. ramosissima , with the same somewhat hoary indumentum and narrow obtuse leaves, but the stem slender, erect, usually simple or branching at the base only, and the corolla-tube glabrous outside or very rarely sprinkled with a few hairs at the top of the tube. — Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 497. Hab.: Moreton Bay and Stanthorpe. 6. B. ramosissima (much-branched), R. Br. Prod. 438 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 515. Erect or decumbent at the base, more branching than the other species and usually more hoary with a short scabrous pubescence, sometimes under Gin. but often attaining 1ft. or more. Lower leaves oblong, obtuse, narrowed into a short petiole, f to l|in. long ; upper ones linear but almost always obtuse, and all usually quite entire. Bracts and bracteoles usually narrow and short. Calyx 2 to 3 lines long with acute teeth. Corolla-tube more or less exserted, always pubescent or hispid outside, especially at the top, the lobes narrow, about in- line long. Capsule about as long as the calyx. — Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 496. Hab.: Thirsty Sound, R. Brown ; Port Denison, Fitzalan; Gracemere and near Rockhampton, Bowman. Var. ? parviflora. Corolla much smaller, slightly pubescent outside. — B. pubescens, Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 496. — Endeavour River, A. Cunningham. 24. STRIGA, Lour. (Plant bearing short stiff hairs.) Calyx tubular-campanulate, with prominent nerves, 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Corolla-tube slender, abruptly bent at or above the middle, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip emarginate or 2-lobed, innermost in the bud, the lower 3-lobed. Stamens 4, in pairs, included in the tube ; anthers vertical, 1 -celled. Style club-shaped at the top, entire. Capsule straight, not acuminate, opening loculicidally in 2 valves. — Rigid erect annuals, usually scabrous and drying black. Lower leaves opposite, upper ones alternate, sometimes, in species not Australian, all reduced to small scales. Flowers sessile, usually forming terminal interrupted spikes. A genus of several species, dispersed over the tropical regions of the Old World, and all probably parasites on roots. Calyx with 10 equally prominent ribs 1. S. hirsuta: Calyx with 5 prominent ribs, smooth betweeen them or rarely here and there an obscure vein. Corolla scarcely Jin. long, the upper lip more than half as long as the lower 2. S. parviflora. Corolla nearly or fully Jin. long, the upper lip less than half as long as the lower 3. S. curviflora. 1. S. hirsuta (hairy), Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 502 ; FI. Austr. iv. 516. An erect, scabrous or pubescent, simple or slightly branched annual, usually about 6in. high, and not always drying so black as the other species. Leaves linear or the lower ones lanceolate. Flowers yellow red or white, in terminal interrupted spikes, the lower ones distant. Calyx variable in size, usually 2 to 2£ lines long, with 10 very prominent scabrous or hispid nerves, one of them Striga.] LXXXVII. SCROPHULARINE.E. 1121 very rarely here and there divided, the furrows between them very narrow. Corolla-tube glabrous, 4 to 5 lines long, bent near the top ; the upper lip much shorter than the lower one. — Campuleia coccinea, Hook. Exot. FI. t. 203. Hab.: Burdekin River, Bowman. Frequent in tropical Asia, extending westward into Africa, eastward to the Archipelago, and northward to S. China. — Benth. 2. S. parviflora (small flowered), Benth. in Comp. Bot. Mag. and in DC. Prod. x. 501 ; FI. Austr. iv. 516. A very scabrous, erect, simple or slightly branched annual of 6 to 9in. Leaves linear, usually short, the floral ones very narrow. Flowers small, blue, in more or less interrupted terminal spikes. Calyx 1 to lj line long, with 5 very scabrous and prominent ribs, and smooth between them and here and there with an imperfect row of minute prickles. Corolla scarcely 8 lines long, the tube bent near the top, the lobes all very short, but the upper lip more than half as long as the lower one. Capsule broad. — Buchner a parviflora, R. Br. Prod. 438. Hab.: Keppel Bay, R. Broivn ; Peak Range, Leichhardt; Broadsound, Suttor and Bowen Rivers, Nerkool Creek, Gracemere, Bowman. 3. S. curviflora (corolla-tube curved), Benth. in Comp. Bot. Mag. and in DC. Prod. x. 501 ; Ft. Austr. iv. 517. Usually a much taller and stouter plant than S. parviflora, many of the specimens above 1ft. high, simple and slightly branched and very scabrous. Leaves linear, the lower ones above lin. high. Flowers purplish in terminal interrupted spikes. Calyx 3 lines long or more, with long subulate-acuminate teeth, the tube with 5 prominent scabrous ribs, and smooth between them. Corolla pubescent, the tube 4 to 5 lines long, bent near the top, the lobes of the lower lip 3 to 4 lines long, the upper lip slightly notched, only 1 to line long, usually somewhat recurved. — Buclmera curviflora, R. Br. Prod. 438. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Rockhampton, O’Shanesy ; Cape York, Daemel. 25. RHAMPHICARPA, Benth. (From rhamphos, a beak, and karpos, fruit ; capsule beaked.) Calyx campanulate, 5 lobed. Corolla tube long and slender, straight or slightly curved ; lobes 5, obovote, nearly equal or the two upper (inside in the bud) rather smaller. Stamens 4, in pairs ; anthers 1-celled, vertical, obtuse. Capsule ovate, compressed or turgid, acuminate, with a straight or oblique beak, opening loculicidally in 2 valves. — Erect branching glabrous herbs, drying black, perhaps parasitical. Lower leaves opposite, upper ones alternate, entire or the lower ones pinnately divided. Flowers in terminal racemes, usually without bracteoles. A small genus, chiefly African, with one Asiatic species, the same as the Australian one. 1. longiflora (long flowers), Benth. in Comp. Bot. Mag. and in DC. Prod. x. 504 ; FI. Austr. iv. 518. An erect slender but rigid branching annual, more or less scabrous, from under 6in. to nearly 1ft. high. Leaves pinnately divided into linear-subulate segments, rather short and distant, or sometimes again toothed or pinnate, the whole leaf usually above lin. long. Flowers in the upper axils, on pedicels from \ to lin., without bracteoles. Calyx broadly cam- panulate, 2 to 3 lines long, the lobes ending in fine points. Corolla-tube slender, about lin. long when perfect, with a campanulate throat, the lobes broad, varying in size, but always 2 or 3 times shorter than the tube. Capsule 1122 LXXXVII. SCROPHUL ARINE2E . [ Rhamphicarpa . ovate, acuminate, without prominent margins, the beak nearly straight or somewhat oblique in the Australian form. — B. fistulosa, Benth in D.C. Prod, x. 504. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller. The Australian specimens seem to connect the African R. fistulosa, which has usually the capsule bordered by a raised nerve or wing, but the beak straight, with the Asiatic JR. longiflora (Wight, Ic. f. 1415), which has not the raised nerve, but the beak of the capsule more or less oblique or recurved. Neither character appears, however, to be quite constant, and the foliage and flowers are the same in all. — Benth. 26. CENTRANTHERA, R. Br. (Anther spurred.) Calyx compressed, obliquely acute, split down the lower edge, entire or 2 to 5-toothed at the top. Corolla with a curved tube dilated upwards, the limb spreading, with 5 broad lobes nearly equal or obscurely 2-lipped. Stamens 4, included in the tube ; anthers in pairs, the cells transverse, with an awn-like point at the end, one cell usually smaller than the other or empty. Style with a lanceolate flattened stigmatic end. Capsule obtuse, opening loculicidally in 2 entire valves. Seeds minute, testa loose, reticulate; albumen scanty.— Scabrous herbs. Leaves opposite or the upper ones alternate. Flowers almost sessile, axillary or in interrupted terminal spikes with small bracteoles. The genus consists of a few tropical Asiatic species, including the only Australian one. Probably several of them if not all are parasites. 1. C. hispida (rough), B. Br. Prod. 438 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 513. A stiff erect annual, simple or with spreading branches, 6in. to 1ft. high or rarely more, very scabrous with minute hairs or tubercles. Leaves mostly linear, entire, the longer ones 1 to l^in. long, the upper ones much smaller. Flowers fugacious, nearly sessile in the upper axils, alternate and distant. Calyx herbaceous, 3 to 4 lines long. Corolla f to lin. long, variously said to be pink purple or yellow. One cell of each anther much narrower than the other, with a long point. Capsule ovoid-globose. — Wall. PI. As. Ear. t. 45 ; Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 525 ; Digitalis stricta, Roxb. FI. Ind. iii. 99. Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, W. Hill; Rockhampton and Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; very common on swampy land. The species is widely distributed over tropical Asia, from Ceylon and the Peninsula to the Archipelago and northward to the Himalaya and S. China. 27. SOPUBIA, Hamilt. (From the native name in Nepal.) Calyx campanulate, with 5 teeth or lobes, valvate in the bud. Corolla broadly campanulate, nearly rotate or tapering into a short tube, with 5 flat spreading lobes nearly equal. Stamens 4, the anthers cohering in pairs, each with one ovate scarcely mucronate perfect cell, and one small stipitate empty cell. Style thickened and slightly flattened towards the end. Capsule ovate or oblong, truncate or notched, opening loculicidally in 2 entire or at length bifid valves. — Erect scabrous herbs, drying black. Leaves narrow, often divided, opposite, or the upper ones alternate. — Flowers yellow purple or pink, in terminal racemes or spikes, with a pair of bracteoles on the pedicel. A small genus, dispersed over tropical Asia and Africa. The only Australian species is one of the Asiatic ones. The species are probably all parasitical. 1. S. triflda (3-fid), Hamilt.; Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 522; and FI. Austr. iv. 513. An erect rigid scabrous slightly branched annual of 1 to 3ft. Leaves narrow linear, the lower ones on the main stem often 3-fid, the upper ones and Sopubia.] LXXXVII. SCROPHULARINEiE. 1123 those of the side branches entire, ^ to lin. long with smaller ones often clustered in the axils, the upper ones alternate. Flowers usually distant, forming a very loose terminal leafy raceme. Pedicels at first short, at length ^in. long. Bracteoles linear, close under the calyx. Calyx 2 to 2^ lines long, with triangular acute lobes as long as the tube, woolly inside. Corolla with a very short tube, almost rotate, about -Jin. diameter, yellow with a purple centre or all purple. Capsule truncate, as long as the calyx. Hab.: Tropical localities. The species has a wide range in the hilly districts of India, extending to Ceylon, and (in a slight variety) to Madagascar. 28. EUPHRASIA, Linn. (From euphrasia, joy ; reputed virtues.) Calyx tubular or campanulate, 4-lobed. Corolla tubular at the base, 2-lipped, the upper lip concave or hood-shaped, with 2 broad spreading lobes ; the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, overlapping the upper ones in the bud. Stamens 4 in pairs ; anthers 2-celled, connivent under the upper lip of the corolla, the cells mucronate, often hairy. Style slightly dilated at the end, the stigma obtuse, entire or with a small upper lobe. Capsule oblong, compressed, opening loculicidally in 2 valves. Seeds oblong, striate. — Herbs either annual or perennial and branching at the base, believed to be often partially parasitical on roots. Leaves opposite, toothed or lobed. Flowers sessile or nearly so in short and dense or long and interrupted terminal spikes, the floral leaves or bracts usually more acute than the stem-leaves. Bracteoles none. Anther-cells equal in all the Australian species, unequal in some others/ The genus comprises a small number of very variable species distributed over the temperate and colder regions of the northern hemisphere, extratropical South America, and New Zealand. Perennial, branching at the base with ascending or erect stems. Leaves narrow, pubescent or glabrous. Flowers variable in size, the spikes usually interrupted 1. E. collina. Pubescent erect annual (usually above 6in.), not drying so black as the perennials, and the corolla- lobes not so broad. Anthers very hairy. Flowers yellow. Teeth of the upper leaves rather acute 2. E. scabra. 1. £2. collina (found on hills), R. Br. Prod. 436 ; Bentli. FI. Anetr. iv. 520. Stems from a hard usually, if not always, perennial much-branched base, ascending or erect, from Gin. to above 1ft. high, glabrous or pubescent as well as the foliage, the inflorescence usually more or less glandular-pubescent. Leaves sessile or the lower ones narrowed into a short petiole, from oblong to 1 near- cuneate, obtuse and obtusely toothed at the end only or more frequently to near the base, usually f to £in. long, but larger in luxuriant specimens ; the floral ones smaller broader and less toothed, the upper ones often entire (rarely cuneate and more deeply toothed ?). Flowers purple bluish or white, sometimes mixed with yellow, rarely quite yellow, in terminal spikes, usually long and interrupted, with the flowers in distant pairs, at least when the flowering is advanced, rarely compact but occasionally remaining so even in fruit. Calyx usually about 2 lines long at first and lengthening to 3 lines, but very variable, the lobes acute or obtuse, equal to or shorter than the tube. Corolla-tube exserted, the throat broad, the lobes large but scarcely so long as the tube, the middle lower one emarginate, the others very obtuse or retuse, the whole corolla varying from ^ to fin. in length. Anthers hirsute. Capsule exceeding the calyx, shortly mucronate or rather acute. — Benth in DC. Prod. x. 553 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 296; F. tetragona, R. Br. Prod. 436; Benth. l.c. ; Bartl. in PI. Preiss. i. 343; E. multicaulis, Benth. l.c.; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 297. Hab.: Between Stanthorpe and the border of N. 8. Wales. 1124 LXXXVII. SCROPHULARINE^. [Euphrasia. 2. E. scabra (rough), R. Br. Prod. 437 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 521. An erect, rigid, simple or branched annual of J to 1ft., scabrous-pubescent and not drying so black as E. collina and its allies. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, with a few teeth more prominent and less obtuse than in E. collina, and the upper ones often acute, the stem-leaves rarely above ^in. long, the floral ones narrow and more entire, the uppermost linear. Flowers yellow and scarcely or not at all streaked, in terminal spikes at first dense but at length often long and inter- rupted. Calyx narrow, glandular-pubescent, the lobes almost acute. Corolla- tube exceeding the calyx and dilated at the top, but not so much so as in E. collina, and the lobes very much shorter and entire, the whole corolla usually about fin. long. Anthers very hairy. — Benth. in DC. Prod. x. 554 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 297 ; Bartl. in PI. Preiss. i. 348. Hab.: Between Stanthorpe and the border of N. S. Wales. Order LXXXYIII. LENTIBULARIEjE. Calyx free, with 2 to 5 segments lobes or teeth. Corolla irregular, the tube usually projecting into a spur or pouch at the base, the limb 2-lipped. Stamens 2, included in the tube and inserted at its base. Anthers 1 -celled. Ovary superior, 1 -celled, with several ovules attached to a free central placenta. Style short, with a 2-lipped stigma. Fruit a capsule. Seeds small, often minute, the testa usually reticulate, without albumen. Embryo with very short cotyledons or apparently undivided. — Herbs either aquatic or growing in marshes or -wet places. Leaves radical or floating or none. Flowers solitary or several in a raceme, on leafless radical or terminal scapes or peduncles. The Order, comprising but very few genera, is dispersed over the greater part of the globe. 1. UTRICULARIA, Linn. (From utriculus, a little bladder.) Calyx deeply divided into 2 lobes or segments. Corolla with a spur at the base rarely reduced to a small protuberance, the mouth of the tube usually closed or nearly so by a convex palate, the upper lip erect, broad, entire, sinuate or 2-lobed, the lower usually longer and broader, entire or 3-lobed (rarely 2-lobed or 4-lobed by the suppression or division of the middle lobe), with the lobes reflexed, or the whole lip spreading horizontally, with a convex palate at the base, often bearing a small 3-lobed protuberance. Capsule globular, opening in 2 valves. — Herbs either floating with submerged root-like leaves divided into capillary segments and interspersed with little vesicles or bladders full of air, or marsh-plants either leafless or with entire radical leaves. Peduncles or scapes radical or axillary. Flowers solitary or in a raceme, alternate or opposite, with a small scale-like bract under each pedicel and sometimes 1 or very few similar minute scales on the scape below the flowers. Bracteoles in many species 2 at the base of the pedicels, but very minute and often concealed within the bract. A considerable genus, dispersed over nearly the whole globe except the extreme north and south, and especially numerous within the tropics both in the New and the Old World, several species having a very wide range. The corollas, from which some of the chief specific characters are drawn, are indeed of so delicate a nature that it is exceedingly difficult to ascertain their precise form in dried specimens ; and it is to be feared that, in several of the following descriptions, slight inaccuracies may have crept in, which will have to be corrected chiefly from the examination of living plants. — Benth. Sect. 1. Natantes. — Stems floating. Leaves submerged, divided into capillary segmetits mostly interspersed with bladders. Flowers yellow, on axillary peduncles. Peduncles bearing about the middle a cluster or false whorl of oblong or linear vesicles 1. U. stellaris. Utricularia. ] LXXXVIII. LENTlBULARIEAl. 1125 Peduncles without vesicles. Pedicels thickened and reflexed after flowering. Corolla rather large. Style about 1 line long 2. 17. flexuosa. Peduncles filiform, pedicels slender and erect in fruit. Corolla small. Stigma almost sessile. Seeds winged 3. U. exoleta. Peduncles tubular, thickened. Flowers few or 2 whitish blue. Spur conical-subulate 4. U. tubulata. Sect. 2. Limosa*. — Plants growing in mud (sometimes under water) with erect leafless scapes. Leaves radical , often accompanied by filaments of which some bear utricles or no leaves at all at the time of doivering. Bracts not produced below their insertion, always alternate. Flowers yellow or white, 1 or 2 on short filiform scapes. Corolla (white) upper lip emarginate. lower shortly and broadly 3-lobed 5. U. glbifiora. Corolla (yellow ?) upper lip entire, lower with 1 broad lobe and 2 lateral narrow ones 6. U. pygmcea. Flowers yellow, several in a raceme. Pedicels very short, erect in fruit, not winged. Spur descending . . . 7. U. chrysantha. Pedicels as long as the calyx, reflexed, and more or less winged in fruit. Spur descending 8. TJ. bifida. Flowers blue or white, several in a raceme. Pedicels short, not winged. Calyx-segments rather acute 9. 17. cyanea. Flowers small, purple. Calyx-segments very obtuse. Flowers distant, on very short pedicels. Scapes 1 to 4in 10. V . lateriflora. Bracts produced below their insertion into a small free appendage. Flowers purple (or deep blue?). Pedicels opposite, in 1,2 or 3 pairs or in whorls of three. Corolla lower lip large, semicircular. Scapes erect, slender. Bracts opposite or in whorls of three. Spur shorter than the large semicircular lower lip. Upper lip entire or shortly 2-lobed 11. U. dichotoma. Flowers racemose, alternate as well as the bracts. (Flowers blue?). Pedicels as long as or longer than the calyx. Lower lip 2-lobed. Flowers £in. long or more. Spur longer than the lower lip . . . . 12. U. biloba. Flower scarcely 2 lines long. Spur shorter than the lower lip . . . 13. U. limosa. Pedicels scarcely any. Lower lip entire 14. U. Baueri. 1. U. stellaris (whorl of vesicles star-like), Linn, f.; A. DC. Prod. viii. 8; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 525. Stems floating, branched, extending to a con- siderable length. Submerged leaves root-like, branching into numerous capillary segments interspersed with little globular vesicles. Peduncles slender, 2 to 4in. long in the Australian specimens but longer in some Indian ones, bearing at some distance below the raceme a cluster or almost a whorl of 8 to 5 oblong or narrow vesicles each about iin. long, tapering at both ends, and bearing a few short simple or branched capillary segments. Flowers several, yellow, on pedicels of 2 to 6 lines, which are slender at the time of flowering, often thickened under the fruit, and then spreading or reflected. Calyx-segments ovate and about 1 line long in flower, broad and 2 lines diameter in fruit. Corolla upper lip ovate or rounded, obtuse, longer than the calyx, lower lip nearly orbicular, scarcely longer than the upper one, truncate or slightly 3-toothed ; spur turned upwards under the lower lip and about its length. Capsule nearly as long as the calyx, membranous. Seeds peltate with an angular margin. — Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 174; F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 161 ; Wight, Ic. t. 1567 (not good) ; Roxb. Cor. PI. ii. 43, t. 180. Hab.: Canon’s Creek, T. Gulliver. Common in tropical Asia, extending also into tropical Africa. 2. U. flexuosa (flexuose), Void. ; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 175 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 525. Submerged floating stems extending sometimes to several feet. Leaves all submerged and root-like, branching into numerous capillary segments, interspersed with little globular vesicles or utricles. Peduncles usually 3 to 6in. long, without vesicles, bearing a raceme of 3 to 6 yellow flowers. Pedicels erect and slender at the time of flowering, usually reflexed and thickened upwards when in fruit. Corolla fully 5 lines across, the upper lip 1126 LXXXV1II. LENTIBULARIEiE. [ TJtricularia. ovate, entire, or slightly emarginate, the lower nearly reniform, the palate marked with brown veins ; spur obtuse, shorter than the lower lip. Style about 1 line long. Capsule nearly 3 lines diameter. — U. fasciculata, Roxb. ; Wight, Ic. t. 1568; A. DC. Prod, viii, 7 ; U. australis, R. Br. Prod. 430; A. DC. Prod, viii. 6 ; Lehm. PI. Preiss. i. 338 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 298 ; F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 161. Hab.: Burnett and Brisbane Rivers, F. v. Mueller; Midge Creek and Burdekin River, Bowman; near Rockhampton, O’Shanesy. Also in Asia and Malaya. 3. U. exoleta (exolete), B. Br. Prod. 430 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 526. Nearly allied to U. flexuosa, but very much smaller and more slender. Floating submerged stems capillary, with exceedingly fine filiform leaves, not much divided, interspersed with minute vesicles, the largest of which are scarcely | line diameter, and in marshy places the linear-filiform leaves are nearly entire. Scapes filiform, 1 to 3in. long or rarely more, bearing 1, 2 or 3 small yellow flowers. Bracts very obtuse, not produced below their insertion. Pedicels slender and erect in fruit as well as in flower. Calyx-segments broad, very obtuse, ^ to f line long in flower, slightly enlarged under the fruit but not exceeding the capsule. Corolla not above three lines long to the end of the spur and sometimes scarcely 2 lines, the lips nearly equal, both broad ; spur narrow-conical, obtuse, horizontal, or turned upwards, as long as or longer than the lower lip. Stigma sessile. Capsule membranous. Seeds peltate, bordered by a thin irregular wing. — A. DC. Prod. viii. 7 ; F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 162 ; U. diantha, Rcem. and Schult. ; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 176, not of A. DC. ; Wight, Ic. t. 1569. Hab.: Gracemere, Bowman; near Rockhampton, O’Shanesy ; and in many southern localities. The species has a wide range in tropical Asia. 4. U. tubulata (peduncles tubular), F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 48. Stems rather long, floating. Leaf-segments capillary-linear, about iin. long, vesicles oblique dimidiate globose, 1 to line long. Peduncles terminal, solitary, 2 to 6in. long, inflated, and from 2 to 5 lines in diameter. Pedicels § to Hin. long. Sepals about 1^ line long, upper almost orbicular. Corolla whitish-blue. Capsule spherical, about 3 lines broad. Hab.: Mountain swamps about Rockingham Bay. — IF. E. Armit. 5. U. albiflora (flowers white), B. Br. Prod. 431; Benth. PI. Austr. iv. 526. Scapes filiform, \ to lin. long, bearing a single small white flower. Leaves none at the time of flowering. Bract minute, not produced at the base. Pedicel very short. Calyx-segments ^ line long at the time of flowering, f line when in fruit. Corolla not 2 lines long, the upper lip small, emarginate, lower lip broad, shortly 3-lobed ; spur descending, as long as the lower lip. — A. DC. Prod, viii. 15. Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solajider. Perhaps a white-flowered variety of U. pygnuea , but both of these minute species require further investigation from better specimens. — Benth. 6. U. pgymaea (small) B. Br. ? Prod. 432 ; Benth FI. Austr. iv. 526. Scapes filiform, 1 to 3in. high. Leaves radical, narrow-linear or none. Flowers small, yellow, solitary, or 2 distant ones on rather long filiform pedicels. Bracts obtuse, not produced at the base. Calyx-segments obtuse, about 1 line long. Corolla : upper lip not twice as long as the calyx, obovate or orbicular, entire ; Utricularia.] LXXXVIII. LENTIBULARIE^E. 1127 lower lip larger, the middle lobe convex, fully 2 lines across, the lateral lobes linear, divaricate ; spur ascending, as the lower lip. Capsule membranous, the fruiting pedicel not refiexed. — A. DC. Prod. viii. 16. Hab.: Cape Grafton, Banks and Solander ; Brisbane Biver, W. Hill. The Banbsian specimens are minute, and the colour of the flower is not given ; their identity with Hill’s yellow-flowered specimens (determine! by F. v Mueller) is therefore in some measure uncertain. — Bcnth. 7. U. chrysantha (golden-flowers), R. B>\ Prod. 432; Bcnth. FI. Austr. iv. 527. Scapes slender but tall, often exceeding 1ft. Leaves usually none at the time of flowering. Flowers yellow, usually numerous but distant, rarely forming a more compact spike. Pedicels exceedingly short, erect in fruit and then not exceeding 1 line. Bracts very small, usually acute, not produced at the base. Calyx-segments ovate-lanceolate, about 1 line long. Corolla: upper lip much longer than the calyx, ovate-orbicular, entire ; lower lip rather longer, broad, very convex, the margins reflexed and 4-lobed (3-lobed with the middle lobe 2-fid) ; spur descending, straight or slightly curved, as long as the upper lip, the whole corolla usually about Jin. long. Capsule globular, almost crustaceous, about 1 line diameter. Seeds minute. — A. DC. Prod. viii. 18. Hab.: Point Lookout, Banks and Solander; Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy ; Gilbert and Norman Rivers, T. Gulliver. U.Jlava, R. Br. Prod. 432 ; A. DC. Prod. viii. 18, from Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, appears to me to be a slender variety of U. chrysantha, with the middle lobe of the lower lip nearly entire. — Bentli. 8. U. bifida (2-cleft), Lam.; Olio. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 182 ; Bcnth. FI. Austr. iv. 527. Scapes slender, usually about 6in. high. Radical leaves small, linear or spathulate, very rare at the time of flowering. Flowers yellow, usually from 6 to 8 on the scape, rather distant. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long, reflexed when in fruit and winged by the decurrent calyx-segments. Bracts acute, not produced at the base. Calyx-segments orbicular, obtuse, scarcely above 1 line long in flower, twice as large and decurrent when in fruit. Corolla : upper lip obovate, longer than the calyx, the lower lip broad, convex, longer than the upper one ; spur conical, descending as long as the upper lip. Capsule membranous. Seeds small, ovoid, reticulate. — U. diantha, A. DC. Prod. viii. 21, not of Roem. and Schult. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy. Extends over tropical Asia. 9. U. cyanea (blue), R. Br. Prod. 431 ; Bcnth. FI. Austr. iv. 527. Scapes slender, rarely exceeding Gin. Leaves radical, linear or slightly spathulate, J to Jin. long, or sometimes very narrow and more than twice that length, but usually disappearing before the flowering. Flowers blue, sometimes very pale or white, several on the scape but distant. Pedicels shorter than or scarcely exceeding the calyx, ascending or erect in fruit and not at all or scarcely winged. Bracts acute or acuminate, not produced at the base. Calyx-segments about 2 lines long when in flower and scarcely enlarged when in fruit, acute or scarcely obtuse. Corolla: upper lip shorter than the calyx or scarcely exceeding it, obovate ; lower- lip rather longer, broader and very convex ; spur descending, conical, rather obtuse, as long as the lower lip. Capsule membranous. Seeds nearly globular, appearing tuberculate or almost muricate when dry, reticulate only when soaked. — A. DC. Prod. viii. 15 ; U. graminifolia, R. Br. Prod. 432, but scarcely of Yahl. Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller (with leaves lin. long). Var. alba. Corolla white, the calyx not quite so large in proportion at the time of flowering. — Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy ; Islands of Moreton Bay. Pakt IV. h 1128 LXXXV1II. LENTIBULARIEiE. [Utricular ia. U. a finis, Wight, Ic. t. 1580 ; Oliv. ia Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. 178, from the Indian Peninsula, appears to be as suggested by Oliver, the same plant, differing from the common Asiatic U. ccerulea, Linn, (which is probably the true U. graminifolia, Vahl.) in the shorter pedicels, usually less acute calyxes, and perhaps a few other characters of no great importance.— Benth. 10. U. lateriflora (flowers lateral), B. Ur. Prod. 431 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 528. Scapes slender, sometimes filiform, but often rather rigid and drying black, 1 to 4in. high. Leaves radical, spathulate, very rarely present at the time of flowering. Flowers small, purple, usually only 2 to 4, distant and very shortly pedicellate or almost sessile. Bracts obtuse, not produced at the base. Calyx not 1 line long. Corolla : upper lip oblong or linear, truncate or emarginate, shortly exceeding the calyx ; lower lip broader than long, 3 to 4 lines across, entire or obscurely crenate, the sides reflexed ; spur conical, nearly as long as the lower lip or sometimes rather longer. Capsule membranous. Seeds small, ovoid. — A. DC. Prod. viii. 15 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 299. Hab.: Islands of Moreton Bay. V. parviflora, K. 14r. Prod. 431 ; A. DC. Prod. viii. 15, appears to me to be a slight variety of U. lateriflora, with long filiform scapes and rather smaller flowers.- — Benth. 11. U. dichotoma (dichotomous), Labill. PL Nov. Holl. i. 11. t. 8; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 529. Scapes slender, from a few inches to above 1ft. high. Leaves radical, petiolate, from almost ovate and 1 line long to linear or oblong, 3 to 4 lines long (or in a few abnormal specimens more than lin. and very narrow), accompanied by filiform fibres, some of them bearing small fringed utricles, the leaves sometimes disappearing before the flowering. Flowers purple or lilac, opposite in 1 or 2 pairs or whorls of 3 at the end of the stem, rarely reduced to a single terminal flower. Pedicels filiform, at first very short but lengthening from f to iin. under the fruit. Bracts always opposite or in threes (even when the flower is solitary), small and narrow, very shortly produced belo.w their insertion. Calyx- segments usually about 1J line long, broad and obtuse. Corolla : upper lip small, broadly ovate or obovate, obtuse or obscurely 2-lobed ; lower lip horizontal, broadly semicircular, b to fin. across, the palate with a small 3-lobed prominence ; spur descending, obtuse, much shorter than the lower lip and sometimes very short. Capsule membranous. Seeds small, ovoid. — A. DC. Prod. viii. 14 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 299 ; F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 161 ; U. speciosa, R. Br. Prod. 430 ; L. oppositi flora, R. Br. lc. ; A. DC. Prod. viii. 14. Hab.: Many of the southern swamps ; Cupravale. Be v.. B. Scortechini. Var. uniflora. Flowers smaller, mostly solitary. — U. uniflora, B. Br. Prod. 431; A. DC. Prod. viii. 14; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 299. Generally mixed with the 2 or more-flowered specimens. The specimens distinguished by Brown as his three species appear to me to differ only in the number and size of the flowers, which are always variable in all the sets of V. dicliotoma which I have seen. — Benth. 12. U. biloba (2-lobed), B. Br. Prod. 432; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 531. Scapes slender, simple or slightly branched, 6 to 9in. high, usually with several small scales, which as well as the bracts are alternate and produced below their insertion, mostly acute. Leaves very small and rare at the time of flowering. Flowers blue (Pi. Broun), dark when dry, several in a raceme, on filiform pedicles usually as long as or rather longer than the calyx. Calyx-segments about 1 line long when in flower and but slightly enlarged afterwards, very broad and obtuse. Corolla : upper lip very short, ovate, 2-lobed, with the sides reflexed ; lower lip broader than long, broadly 2-lobed ; spur conical, obtuse, horizontal or descending, longer than the lower lip, the whole corolla 3 or 4 lines long. — A. DC. Prod. viii. 21. Hab.: Southern swamps. This and the following two species usually turn black in drying, which is not the case with V. cyanea. U. lateriflora sometimes turns black, but it is readily distinguished by the bracts. — Benth. LXXXVIII. LENTIBULARIEzE. 1129 Utricularia.] 13. U. limosa (found in mud), R. Br. Prod. 432 ; Bcntli. FI. Austr. iv. 531. Scapes filiform, simple or branched, 6 to lOin. high. Leaves none at the time of flowering. Flowers (blue ?) in a long loose raceme, all alternate. Bracts narrow, much produced below their insertion, acute at both ends. Pedicels filiform, 1 to 2 lines long. Calyx-segments orbicular, obtuse, about | line long when in flower, slightly enlarged afterwards. Corolla scarcely above 2 lines long, the upper lip short, ovate, entire; lower lip much larger, broad, deeply 2-lobed ; spur descending, shorter than the lower lip. Capsule small. — A. DC. Prod. viii. 24. Ilab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solandcr. Very near U. biloba, but very much more slender, the flowers much smaller, the pedicels longer, and the spur shorter. — Bcnth. 14. U. Baueri (after F. Bauer), R. Br. ? Prod. 431 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 531. Scapes slender but rather long, simple or slightly branched, more rigid than in V. biloba, bearing usually several scales below the inflorescences, which, like the bracts are all alternate, narrow, produced below their insertion, acuminate and very acute at both ends. Flowers (blue ?) almost sessile in short terminal spikes, with rarely the lower flower at some distance below the spike. Calyx-segments obtuse, small. Corolla : upper lip short, narrow-ovate, erect, entire; lower lip much larger (about 3 lines across), broader than long, apparently quite entire with the sides reflexed ; spur straight, horizontal, considerably longer than the lower lip.— A. DC. Prod. viii. 15. Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks ; Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown. U. Baueri was described by Brown from a drawing made by Bauer of a plant of which no specimen was preserved ; but in his notes he says he believes it to be the same as one of which he had a specimen before him, which there is now no certain means of identifying. The character, however, agrees well with the specimens described above, which are named by Solander in the Banksian herbarium 17. juncea, and with one in Brown’s own herbarium labelled U. obscura, neither of which names are taken up by Brown. — Benth. Order LXXXIX. OROBANCHACEjE. Flowers irregular. Sepals 4 or 5, united in a variously split calyx. Corolla tubular or campanulate, usually curved or oblique ; the limb more or less 2-lipped ; the upper lip erect or spreading, emarginate or 2-lobed ; the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, in pairs, inserted in the tube. Anthers 2-celled, the cells usually but not always pointed or awned, opening longitudinally. Ovary superior, 1-celled, with 2 (very rarely 3) double or bifid placentas, or 4 distinct placentas, more or less protruding from the sides into the cavity, but not united into the axis. Ovules several, usually very numerous. Style simple, with a capitate or 2-lobed stigma. Capsule 2-valved. Seeds small, with a minute embryo and abundant albumen. — Leafless herbs, not green, parasites on roots. Stems usually thick, the leaves replaced by alternate scales or bracts of the colour of the rest of the plant. Flowers solitary in the axils of the bracts, usually forming terminal spikes or racemes. An Order not very numerous in species, but widely distributed over nearly tbe whole globe, except the extreme north and south, and much more abundant in the northern than in the southern hemisphere. The only Australian genus is the principal one of the Order, though almost limited to the northern hemisphere. — Bentli. 1180 LXXXIX. OHOBANCHACEiE. 1. OROBANCHE, Linn. (Supposed derived from Orobos, Vetch ; and ancho, to strangle ; supposed to kill the plants on which they grow.) Calyx divided to the base on the upper side, and often also on the lower side, so as to form 2 lateral sepals, either entire or 2-cleft, either distinct from each other or more or less connected at the base on the lower side, and sometimes connected also on the upper side by the intervention of a small fifth lobe, and always pointed. Habit and other characters those of the Order. The principal genus of the Order, abundant in the northern hemisphere in the Old World, less so in North America, and a very few of the European species have also appeared in the southern hemisphere, and amongst them the only Australian one. — Bentli. 1. O. cernua (drooping), Lceji.; Bent, iti DC. Prod. xi. 32; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 533. Stems stout, erect, simple, from about 6in. to above 1ft. high, of a pale-brown color more or less tinged with blue and loosely pubescent ; the scales ovate, the lower ones ovate, the upper ones acute or acuminate. Flowers of a lurid bluish-purple, pale or whitish towards the base, in a rather dense spike, occupying about one-third of the stem. Bracts acuminate, acute, shorter than the corolla. Sepals in the Australian specimens 2, entire, lanceolate, w’ith long points, nearly as long as the bracts. Corolla tubular, incurved, about fin. long, glabrous or minutely glandular-pubescent towards the top ; upper lip very concave, with two short broad lobes, not ciliate ; lower lip divided into 3 ovate shortly acuminate spreading lobes. Filaments glabrous ; anthers not mucronate. Style glabrous, with short very thick stigmatic lobes. Hab : Some years ago my attention was drawn to a plant of this species which was flowering in the garden at “ Coira.” the residence of Col. Lyster, Kelvin Grove. The species is an inhabitant of the Mediterranean region of the northern hemisphere, where it is found on several speeies of Artemisia, and extends to E. India. Order XC. GESNERIACEiE. (Cyrtandraceae, DC. Prod.) Flowers usually irregular. Calyx with 5 teeth lobes or distinct sepals. Corolla with a long or short tube, the limb 2-lipped or of 5 spreading lobes, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 2 or 4, in pairs, inserted in the tube, with the addition sometimes of a fifth barren one or staminodium. Anthers 2-celled or 1-celled by the confluence of the two, the cells opening longitudinally. Ovary superior or more or less inferior, 1-celled, with 2 parietal entire or lobed placentas, protruding more or less into the cavity, but not united in the axis. Ovules numerous. Style simple, with an entire or lobed stigma. Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds small, numerous, with or without albumen. Embryo straight. — Herbs or rarely shrubs or climbers. Leaves opposite or whorled. A considerable Order, chiefly tropical, with a very few species from more temperate climates. The Order differs from Scrophularinece and Bignoniacece chiefly in the parietal placentation of the ovary. Tribe I. Cyrtandrese. — The ordinal character above given is narrowed to the species of this tribe. Scbtribk I. Didymocarpeae. — Capsule loculicidally 2-valved, often ultimately i-valved, placentas deeply intruded nearly meeting, not seed-bearing on their inner faces. Seeds without hairs. Stigma oblique, emargiuate. Stamens 2, perfect. Capsule frequently sub- follicular 1. Didymocarpcs. Capsule having the valves spirally twisted before dehiscing. Corolla-lobes 5, subsimilar, round . . 2. B.ia. Subtribe II. Eucyrtandrea;. — Berry indehiscent, succulent or membranous, breaking up irregularly. Seeds without hairs. Undershrubs. Corolla tubular. Stamens 2 perfect . . 3. Cxrtaxdra. Pl.XLIV. thra hygroscopic a/, G o v T Pf^i(vIt ifjq Omc^B^ise^p/e.. XC. GESNERIACE.E. 1131 1. DIDYMOCARPUS, Wall. (Twin-fruited). Calyx tubular or campanulate, 5-toothed, 5-fid, or 5-partite, the segments narrow. Corolla-tube elongate widening upwards, or short, broad and ventricose ; limb spreading, somewhat 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed, the lobes broad, slightly unequal. Stamens 2 lower, rarely 4 perfect, inserted at the base or middle of the tube or rarely higher, included ; filaments arched or flexuose. Anthers connivent or coherent ; cells divergent or divaricate, confluent at the point. Disk cupulate, surrounding the ovary or wanting. Ovary free, oblong-linear, imperfectly 4-celled. Style short or elongated, stigma slightly dilated, somewhat entire ; ovules densely covering the margins of the placenta. Capsule linear, 2-vnlved, valves entire. Seeds small, foveolate. Herbs rarely undershrubs, of various habit. Leaves radical, opposite, or rarely alternate. Peduncles or scapes axillary, bearing a loose cyme of few flowers. The species are met with in India, Malaya, South China, and Madagascar, besides Australia. 1. D. Kinnearii (after Robert Kinnear), F. v. M., Viet. Nat., Mar. 1887. Stemless. Leaves lanceolate or cordate-ovate, almost membranous, conspicuously serrated, the upper surface sprinkled with septate hairs, the under surface as well as the long petioles silky-hairy. Peduncles about the height of the leaves, bearing a spreading softly hairy cyme of many small flowers; pedicels capillary, elongated, often in umbels. Bracts narrow. Calyx about half the length of the corolla ; segments broad-linear, narrowed upwards. Corolla white, glabrous, upper lobes deeply divided, the middle one of the lower lobes somewhat longer than the others, the tube slightly widened, not quite as long as the lobes. Stamens 2, as well as the style and ovary glabrous. Capsule hardly three times as long as the calyx, about twice the length of the style, narrow, ellipsoid-cylindrical, attenuated towards the summit, not stipitate ; placentas amply intruding. Seeds almost spindle-shaped. Hab.: Collected by Saycr and Davidson near the summit of one of the mountains of the Bellenden Ker Range. 2. B./EA, Commers. (After Rev. Dr. Beau, of Toulon.) Calyx divided to the base into 5 segments. Corolla with a short broadly campanulate tube, the limb somewhat 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed, the lobes all flat and spreading. Stamens 2, shorter that the corolla ; anther-cells diverging or divaricate, confluent at the apex into a single cell ; staminodia usually 3, very small. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule linear, spirally twisted, splitting usually into 4 valves. Seeds minute. — Herbs with a perennial stock and radical leaves, or in species not Australian a developed stem and opposite leaves. Peduncles or scapes axillary, bearing usually a dichotomous or umbellately branched panicle of flowers, without bracteoles. The genus comprises a very few Asiatic species, one of them.extratropieal, and one from the Seychelles Islands. The only Australian one is endemic. — Bentli. 1. B. hygroscopica (found near water), F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 14G ; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 532. A perennial with a short thick woolly stock. Leaves radical, rosulate, broadly ovate or orbicular, crenate, sessile or contracted into a short broad petiole, thick soft and rugose, densely clothed with long woolly hairs, the larger ones 4 to 5in. long, but usually half that size. Scapes 4 to 8in. high, bearing a loose umbellately branched panicle of rather numerous deep-blue flowers, the inflorescence glabrous or sprinkled with a few hairs. Bracts few and minute. Calyx-segmepts linear-oblong, about 1| line long. Corolla-tube broad 1132 XC. GESNERIACEjE. [Baa. and not above 1 line long, upper lip of 2 orbicular lobes 2 or more lines diameter, lobes of the lower lip smaller. Filaments thickly clavate, longer than the anthers ; anther-cells quite divaricate, forming a single narrow-oblong cell. Stigma of 2 short broad lobes. Capsule from f to above lin. long. Hab.: Common on wet rocks in tropical localities. At first sight closely resembles the N. Chinese B. hygrometrica, Br. (Dorcoeeras, Bunge), which has the same foliage, but the scape in the Chinese plant is less divided, the corolla-tube much larger (that figured in Deless. Ic. v. t. 95, is an imperfectly developed bud), and the anthers reniform on short filaments. — Benth, 3. CYRTANDRA, Forst. (From kyrtos, a curve, and andros, a male.) Calyx free, tubular, ovoid-campanulate or roundly expanded, 5-fid or 5-partite. Corolla-tube cylindrical or funnel-shaped, 2-lipped, deciduous or persistent ; teeth 5. Stamens, 2 perfect, 2 or 3 rudimentary, included or shortly exserted ; filaments arcuate, anthers connivent or coherent, cells parallel or divergent. Disk annular or cupulate. Ovary superior, ovoid or oblong ; style long or short ; stigma dilated, concave, or more or less distinctly 2-lipped. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, globose, ovoid-oblong or linear. Seeds very numerous, minute, usually dotted. Small or large shrubs or trees, villous or glabrous. Leaves opposite equal or unequal, or one of each pair rudimentary or wanting. Flowers usually white or yellow, in axillary fascicles, capitate or cymose. Bracts small or the exterior ones large, distinct, or connate in an involucre. Species numerous ; Polynesian, Malayan, Ac. 1. C. Baileyi (after F. M. Bailey), F. r. M., 3rd Suppl. Syn. Ql. FI. 51. A soft-wooded shrub of about bft. in height. Branchlets when young somewhat beset with brown interwoven hairlets. Leaves alternate, rather large, attaining 8in. in length, the opposite rudiments about Jin. long, short stalked, thinly chartaceous, from ovate to elongate-lanceolote at the base almost cuneate but inequilateral, on both sides dull-green though pale beneath, nearly glabrous, narrow or short-acuminated, towards the upper end undular-denticulated, their primary lateral veinlets slightly prominent, tbe ultimate venules concealed, the opposite rudiment bract or stipule-like, about as long as the leafstalk or shorter, semilanceolate-linear, pointed, Flowers nearly white, singly, opposite to a leaf, glabrous. Pedicels thin, scarcely as long as the calyx or at times longer, say about Jin. long, Calyx lobes about half the length of the tube, the lower deltoid, the upper much united and minutely apiculate. Corolla rather more than double as long as the calyx. Stamens : fertile inserted near the middle of the corolla; sterile placed somewhat lower down. Anthers (fertile) almost narrow- ellipsoid, disk short and blunt-lobed. Style glabrous, about half as long as the corolla. Stigma dilated, somewhat truncated ; ovulary narrow-pointed, glabrous. Fruit oblique-ellipsoid, about fin. long. Seeds very numerous, narrow-ellipsoid, almost smooth, dark-brown outside. Hab.: Bussell Biver, Bellemlen Ker Expert. Specimens with flower. Fruit specimens, IP. Bayer, at about 5,000ft. altitude, Rellenden Ker, according to Baron Mueller, to whom I am indebted for the above description ; but as Mr. Sayer was not on Bellenden Ker, but on a mountain called by the natives Cbickaboogalla, the altitude of which is about 3,970ft., he probably gathered his specimens near the locality where I got my flowering shoots. The shrub was not abundant and I only secured three or four specimens. Systematically this species could best be placed near C. trisepala, as that congener has also alternate leaves; but the flowers of that plant are usually placed in twos and threes, leaf- opposed ; the calyxes are split and the style is not glabrous. — F. v. M. l.c. XCI. BIGNONIACEyE. 1133 Order XCI. BIGNONIACEjE. Flowers irregular. Calyx tubular or campanulate, truncate toothed or laterally split. Corolla-tube elongated or rarely short and campanulate ; lobes 5, spreading, often arranged in 2 lips, variously imbricate or rarely induplicate- valvate in the bud. Stamens 2 or 4, in pairs, inserted in the tube, the fifth staminodium usually small, rarely wanting. Anthers 2-ceIled, the cells opening longitudinally. Ovary usually 2-celled, with 2 distinct placentas in each cell attached to the dissepiments, and either contiguous or separated by a considerable interval, or, in some genera not Australian, the dissepiment discontinued between the placentas, and the ovary then 1-celled ; ovules several, often numerous to each placenta. Style filiform, with 2 short stigmatic lobes. Fruit a capsule, often elongated, opening loeulicidally or septifragally in 2 valves, leaving the dissepiment free. Seeds transverse, usually flattened and bordered by a membranous wing, without albumen. Embryo straight or rarely curved ; cotyledons flat or fleshy ; radicle next to hilum. — Trees shrubs or woody climbers, very rarely (in species not Australian) herbs. Leaves opposite or rarely scattered, compound or rarely simple, without stipules. Flowers solitary in the axils or more frequently paniculate. An Order almost entirely tropical, and most abundant in South America. Tribe I. Tecomeae. — Ovary 2-celled. Capsule loculicidal, 2 -valued. Stamens included in the corolla-tube. Calyx truncate or slightly toothed. Woody climbers 1 Tf.coma. Calyx spathaceous, split longitudinally. Erect trees 2. Dobichan’droxe. Stamens exserted, longer than the corolla. Corolla-tube elongated; lobes induplicate-valvate. Woody climber, with compound leaves 3. Haussmaxnia. Corolla-tube campanulate : lobes imbricate. Erect tree, with simple whorled leaves 4. Dipiaxthera. 1. TECOMA, Juss. (From the Mexican name Tecoma.rochitl.) Oalyx truncate or shortly 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, the lobes spreading, nearly equal, obscurely 2-lipped or oblique. Stamens 4, in pairs, included in the tube ; anther cells diverging or divaricate. Style with 2 short ovate stigmatic lobes. Ovules numerous, in several rows on each placenta. Capsule (oblong in the Australian species) opening loeulicidally in 2 very concave valves, the dissepiment transverse with relation to the valves, and not laterally dilated. Seeds overlaying each other in several rows, flat, broadly winged. — Tall woody climbers. Leaves opposite, pinnate. Flowers in terminal panicles. Bracts minute ; bracteoles none. Species mostly American. The four Australian ones are endemic. Panicle corymbose. Corolla about 3in. long, limb reddish, tube pale ... 1. T. Ilillii. Panicles loose. Corolla-tube about lin. long, the lobes sometimes less than half as long 2. T. australis. Panicles compact, corymbose. Corolla-tube above lin., the lobes more than half as long 3. T. jasminoides. Leaves attaining the length of 2ft., opposite or in whorls of 3 or 4. Flower panicles 3 to loin, long 4. T. Baileyana. 1. T. Hillii (After Walter Hill, late Col. Botanist) F. v. M. Fraym. x. 101 and xi. 136. A tall, glabrous climber. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 5, ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 3in. long, thin. Corymbs of about 6 flowers. Calyx a to lin. long, membranous. Corolla 2 to 3in. long, limb rosy-purplish, the tubes pale, marked with purplish lines, the lobes 3 to 4 lines long pubescent towards 1134 XCI. BIGNONlACEiE. [Tecoma. the margins. Filaments filiform, anthers yellow, cells equal, H to 2 lines long, widely divergent. Staminodium 2 to 3 lines long. Style filiform, glabrous, stigmatic lobes semilanceolate. Capsule Hin. long. Hab.: The only plant ever met with in a wild state was the one found by Mr. Fred. Turner at Hervey Bay in 1876, when collecting in that locality for Mr. W. Hill. 2. T. australis (Australian), R. Br. Prod. 471; Bcnth FI. Austr. iv. 537. A tall woody glabrous climber, with more or less twining branches. Leaflets usually 5 to 9, ovate-oblong ovate-lanceolate or almost linear, entire, or here and there coarsely crenate, from under lin. to nearly 3in. long, but exceed- ingly variable, all small or all large, sometimes, especially on barren shoots, all coarsely toothed, and then occasionally all very small and much more numerous. Flowers of a yellowish-white, tinged inside with purple or red, in loose terminal panicles, leafy at the base, the primary and often the secondary branches opposite, the ultimate inflorescence cymose or racemose. Calyx smooth, 1 to 1A line long. Corolla-tube from about \ to fin. long, slightly curved and dilated upwards ; lobes broad, not one-third as long as the tube, the 2 upper rather smaller with purple or red spots or streaks at their base, the throat bearded inside under the lower lip. Capsule H to 3in. long, usually acute at both ends, the valves hard and very concave. Seeds very flat, obovate, surrounded by a broad wing.~DC. Prod, ix. 225 ; Maund, Botanist, t. 8; T. Oxleyi and T. Jloribunda, A. Cunn. in DC. Prod. ix. 225 ; T. diversifolia, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 224 ;,DC. Prod. ix. 225; T. ochroxantka, Kunth and Bouche, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1847, 12 (according to the character given and Seeman’s verification. — Bcnth.) For the convenience of Queensland botanists the three forms are given as named varieties . Yar. Pandorea. Leaflets on the flowering shoots usually 3, the lateral ones more or less oblique at the base, smaller than the terminal one which is from 2 to 3in. long, base broadly rounded, from whence narrowed to a long acuminate sharp point ; terminal petioles long, the lateral ones short. The terminal panicle often wide spreading. Flowers lin. or more long expanding upwards to nearly fin. wide, emitting a strong disagreeable odour. Capsule dark-brown, the largest about 3iin. long, valves stiff. — No. 11, FI. PI. and Ferns N.S.W., Maiden and Campbell; Bignonia Pandorea, Tent. Jard. Malm., t. 43; Bot. Mag., t. 865. Var. meonantha. Leaflets on the flowering shoots 3 or 5, usually oblong, mueronate. Panicles usually narrow. Flowers fragrant, seldom exceeding 4in. in length, narrow. Capsule the largest about 2^in. long, valves rather thin. — T. meonantha, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv. 224; Bignonia meonantha, Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. 130. Var. linearis. Leaves of from 4 to 6 pairs and a terminal leaflet, this one the largest, 1 to 2in. long and seldom exceeding 2 lines broad, the lateral ones scarcely half the size of the terminal one. Panicles on long peduncles. Flowers few about the size and form of v. meonantha. No capsules seen.— Herbeiton, J. F. Bailey. 3. T. jasminoides (Jasmine-like), Lindl. Bot. Bey. t. 2002 ; Bcnth. FI. Austr. iv. 537. A tall glabrous woody climber. Leaflets usually 5 or 7, ovate and acuminate or ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 2in. long, all entire, not presenting the remarkable variations of T. australis. Flowers white, streaked with red in the throat, in compact terminal corymbose panicles. Calyx smooth, fully 3 lines long. Corolla tube above lin. long, much more dilated upwards than in T. australis, the lobes very broad, more than half as long as the tube, the throat scarcely bearded inside or marked with 2 decurrent lines of short hairs. Capsule similar but larger than T. australis, the seeds rather broader, almost obcordate, the wing either entirely surrounding them or chiefly on the two sides. — DC. Prod. ix. 225 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4004. Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller ; Ipswich, Nernst. The leaflets are often infested with the blight-fungus, Mslasmia tecomatis, C. & M. 4. T. Baileyana (After F. M. Bailey), J. II. Maid, and R. T. Bale. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. Sec. Ser. x. 592. PI. li. A tall woody glabrous climber. Leaves pinnate with 7 to 9 leaflets, sometimes exceeding 2ft., opposite or in Tefismas cu^str'aHs v. firce. heterophylla (various-leaved), F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 149; Benth. FI. Anstr. iv. 538, as Spathodea heterophylla, li. Br. Prod. 472. A scrubby tree of 10 to 15ft., with a rugged bark, quite glabrous. Leaves crowded on the young shoots, mostly in whorls of 3, simple or pinnate with 3 to 7 leaflets, varying from oblong-lanceolate to linear, from 1 to 3in. long, the simple leaves usually lanceolate, from 1| to 5in. long and narrowed into the petiole without articula- tion. both leaves and leaflets thickly coriaceous with very oblique veins. Flowers white, very fragrant, in short terminal simple racemes, the pedicels f to lin. long. Calyx nearly lin. long. Corolla-tube slender, l^in. long, dilated only at the top ; lobes nearly |in. diameter, broadly rounded with the margins undulate and crisped. Hypogynous disk thick and fleshy, the margin forming a short ring round the base of the ovary. Capsule from a few in. to above 1ft. long, compressed (or nearly terete when fresh ?) ; valves slightly concave ; dilatations of the dissepiment rather thick and corky, almost reaching the margins of thq 1136 XCI. BIGNONIACE^E. \Dolichanrfrone. valves. Seeds transversely oblong, the wing on each side as long as the seed itself, together 14 lines loug 21 lines broad.- — DC. Prod. ix. 207 ; Dolichandrone heterophylla, F. Muell. Fragra. iv. 149. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Tt. Brown, Henne ; Rockingham Bay, IF. Hill. Dallaclnj ; and Gulf country. 3. HAUSSMANNIA, F. v. M. (After Baron de Haussmann.) Calyx campanulate, truncate, or minutely 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, incurved, dilated upwards ; lobes 5, nearly equal, obscurely arranged in 2 lips induplicate- valvate in the bud. Stamens 4, inserted in the tube, longer than the corolla, with a fifth small staminodium ; anther cells diverging or divaricate. Hypogynous disk cupular, completely enclosing the ovary. Ovary short, slightly compressed, the dissepiment transverse. Ovules numerous, in several rows in each placenta. Style with 2 ovate stigmatie lobes.— Woody climber. Leaves opposite, compound. Flowers in short racemes. Bracts minute; hracteoles none. The genus, as far as at present known, is limitel to the single Queensland species, and is very remarkable for the (estivation of the corolla. 1. H. jucunda (pleasing), F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 148; Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 540. A tall glabrous woody climber. Leaflets 3, digitate and articulate at the end of a petiole of 1 to 2in., each leaflet oval or elliptical, shortly acuminate, entire, membranous, penniveined, narrowed into a short petiolule, 2 to 4in. long, and occasionally the central leaflet confluent with one of the lateral ones, but no simple leaves in the specimens seen. Flowers purple, in short racemes in the axils of the terminal pair of leaflets. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Calyx 2 to 3 lines long. Corolla-tube, about lin. long ; lobes ovate, not 1 line long, hairy inside. Stamens hairy at their insertion below the middle of the tube, shortly exceeding the corolla-lobes. Hypogynous disk above 1 line long. Capsule 3 to 4£in. long and nearly l|in. broad, tapering towards both ends, outside smooth, opening loculicidally in 2 very concave valves, as in Tecuma ; the seeds also overlaying each other in several rows, as in that genus. Seeds flat, pyriform, wrinkled, surrounded by a membranous wing which is elongated on either side to nearly half-an-inch, and broad as the seed which occupies the centre between them. Dissepiment broad, thick, and seems more firmly attached to the valves or one of them than in allied plants. Hab.: Seaview Range, Rockingham Bay, Dallaclnj; Freshwater Creek, Cairns, L. J. Xugent. The plant is common in the tropical scrubs, but fruiting specimens are seldom obtained. The fruit is described from Mr. Nugent’s specimen, in Bot. Bull. xiii. 11. 4. DIPLANTHERA, R. Br. (Double anthers.) (Bulweria, F v. M.) Calyx campanulate, with 5 equal lobes, valvate and connivent in the bud, and often cohering in 2 lips or in pairs after the calyx is open. Corolla with a broad campanulate tube and 5 broad nearly equal lobes, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 4, without the fifth staminodium, exserted, involute in the bud; anthers with 2 linear distinct cells, parallel in the bud, at length divaricate. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules very numerous, crowded in several rows on 2 distinct but approximate placentas in each cell. Style long, with 2 oval, flat, stigmatie lobes. Capsule Diplanthera.] XCI. BIGN0NIACE7E. 1187 oblong-fusiform, opening loeulicidally in 2 woody valves leaving the placenta free. Seeds very flat, with a broad transparent wing. — Trees. Leaves simple, whorled or opposite. Flowers yellow in terminal panicles. The species are few, and, besides Queensland, are found in Malacca and New Caledonia. Large tree. Young growth softly tomentose. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 4 1. D. tetraphylla. Small tree. Young growth densely hirsute. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3 ... 2 . D. hirsuta. 1. D. tetraphylla (leaves in whorls of 4), 7?. Br. Prod. 449 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 540. Tree often lofty, stem with a diameter often exceeding 3ft. ; bark thick, soft, and somewhat corky ; the thick branchlets, under side of the leaves, and inflorescence covered with a thick soft tomentum, often assuming a golden or bronzed hue, and consisting of single or clustered but scarcely stellate hairs. Leaves crowded at the end of the branches, in whorls of 4 or the first leaves of young shoots opposite, on short petioles, ovate, obtuse, entire, 1 to 2ft. long, 1ft. or more broad, or those immediately under the panicle 6 to 8in., the upper surface glabrous or slightly scabrous. Flowers yellow, in a dense terminal panicle, nearly sessile above the last leaves, the primary branches whorled, each one dichotomously branched, with a flower shortly pedicellate in each fork. Bracts linear, minute. Calyx coriaceous, about |in. long, the lobes acute, as long as the tube. Corolla-tube shortly exceeding the calyx, the lobes as long as the tube, broadly rounded. Stamens and style exceeding the corolla by an inch or more, very divergent. Hypogynous disk rather thick. Capsule (only seen open with the valves detached) 2 to 3in. long, the valves hard and woody, smooth inside with a longitudal line probably where the dissepiment was attached, the placenta-bearing dissepiment not broad and rather thick. Seeds apparently ripe but the embryo not perfect in those examined. — F. v. M. in Seem. Journ. Bot. v. 212; Bidweria nobilissinia or Tecomella Bulweri, F . v. M. Fragm. iv. 147 ; Deplanchea Bulwerii, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 72. Hab.: Endeavour River, Bon l;s and Solander ; Cape York, 31‘Gillivray, Daniel; Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy. A common tree in the tropical scrubs. Wood of a whitish colour, close-grained and firm. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 292. 2. D. hirsuta (hairy), Bail. Bot. Bull. xiv. 11. Described by collectors as a small tree. Branchlets quadrangular and densely hirsute. Leaves opposite or in whorls of three, narrow-lanceolate in outline, but very irregular, the ends of some being broadly truncate, attaining 20in. in length, with a breadth* of G^in. about the centre, margins repand, crenulate, or deeply and very irregularly toothed, base cordate, and much undulate, petioles | to H in., hirsute. Calyx |in. long, campanulate, coriaceous, appearing 3-lobed from 4 of the lobes being joined in pairs to near the apex, forming as it were two broad emarginate lobes, hairy outside, the inside bearing minute scale-like glands. Corolla yellow, ringent, lin. long, spreading to l^in. wide, the lobes blunt, longer than the tube. Stamens exceeding the corolla by about l|in. ; style about the length of the stamens, the stigraatic lobes ovate-apiculate. No fruit obtained. Hab.: Stony Creek, Cairns (a shoot and loose flowers), L. J. Nugent. A large leaf and very young shoot gathered on Thursday Island, E. Cowley. Order XCIL PEDALINE®. (S same®, DC.) Flowers irregular. Calyx 5-lobed or divided into 5 segments. Corolla tubular ; lobes 5, spreading, often arranged in 2 lips, the lowest often rather larger than the others, imbricate or rarely valvate in the bud. Stamens 4, 1138 XCII. PEDALINEiE. didynamous, with a small fifth staminodium, rarely only 2 perfect; anthers 2-celled, the cells opening longitudinally. Ovary of 2 or rarely 8 or 4 carpels, but divided, at least after flowering, into twice as many cells. Ovules in each cell either several superposed in a single row or rarely solitary. Style filiform, with as many stigmatic lobes as carpels. Fruit dry, hard and indehiseent or opening in valves. Seeds with a thin testa. Albumen scanty or none. Embryo straight, with a very short radicle. — Herbs. Leaves all or at least the lower ones opposite. Flowers solitary in the axils of the floral leaves or bracts, the upper ones often forming a terminal raceme, with or without bracteoles. A small Order dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions both of the New and the Old World, the only Australian genus extending to the Eastern Archipelago. Tribe I. IVIartynieaB. — Anth r-cells divaricate. Ovary 1-cellecl with 2 parietal placentas. Capsule woody terminating in 2 curved beaks I.’Martynia. Tribe II. Sesameae. — Anthers dorsifixed, cells parallel. Ovary 2-celled or spuriously A-celled. Capsule oblong, 2-valved. Unarmed 2*Sesamum. Tribe III Pretreere. — Anthers dorsifixed, cells parallel. Ovary 1 to 4 cells, often spuriously 2 to 8 -celled. Fruit hard and indehiseent. Arm"d with conical prickles . ....... 3. Josephinia, 1. : MARTYNIA, Linn. (After John Martyn, F.R.S.) Calyx campanulate, segments 5, unequal. Corolla unequally 5-lobed and puffed out below. Stamens 2, the front ones perfect or 4 and didynamous ; staminodia 3 or 1. Capsule woody, terminating in 2 curved beaks. Herbs, clammy pubescent. Leaves opposite or alternate, cordate on long petioles. A genus of few species ; natives of the warm regions of America. Leaves alternate. Corolla-tube yellowish-white and dotted ; limb pale-violet marked with saffron and violet dots and lines 1. M. proboscidea. Leaves opposite. Corolla-tube white, purple tinged, yellow dotted ; limb pale-red, with a purple spot on each lobe 2. M. diandra. Corolla oblique, purplish-red ; limb of 4 rounded lobes, the upper ones bifid 3. M. fragrans. 1. IVI. proboscidea (proboscis-like), Glo.v. Obs. iii. Unicorn plant. A coarse heavy-scented annual about 2ft. high. Leaves cordate, roundish, often oblique, entire or obscurely undulate-lobed, 4 or more inches in diameter. Flowers in terminal racemes. Pedicels long. Bracts oblong-linear. Corolla li to 2in. long, dull white, spotted within with some yellow or purple, also varying to light-yellow. Endocarp crested on the posterior suture only. — Bot. Mag. t. 1056. Hab.: Warwick ; naturalised. Native country, Mexico. The stigmatic lobes of the flower said to close when touched. 2. ]YC. diandra (2 fertile stamens), Glox. Obs, 14, t. 1. Tiger-claw or Devil’s-claw. An annual with stout erect finely glandulose-pilose stems 2 to 3ft. high. Leaves opposite, villous and viscid, round, cordate, more or less repand. Flowers in short-axillary or terminal racemes or singly. Calyx-teeth ovate-lanceolate, subtended by 2 large foliaceous bracts. Corolla 1| to 2in. long, whitish ; lobes 5, roundish, with yellow and purple blotches. Stamens 2, fertile, Capsule obliquely half-elliptical, rugose, coriaceous, with 2 short incurved sharp beaks dehiscing longitudinally by 2 valves, each bearing 4 thick ribs. Ilab.: Tropics of America, but now over run many tropical and semi-tropical countries, Specimen received from Woothakata as a noxious weed.; Martynia.] XCII. PEDALINE^. 1139 3. ]VE, fragrans (fragrant), Lindl. Bot. Beg. (1840). A plant 1 to 3ft. high, clothed wish glandular hairs. Stems terete, erect, flexuous. Leaves usually opposite, petiolate, cordate in outline, 3-lobecl ; lobes rounded, angulate- sinnate, the middle one the longest. Racemes terminal ; flowers large and fragrant. Pedicels as long as the flowers. Calyx large, inflated, plaited, or striated ; teeth short, furnished at the base with 2 appressed fleshy bracts. Corolla scarcely longer than the calyx ; mouth oblique ; limb of 4 rounded spreading lobes, the upper bifid. Colour purplish-red, with yellow in the throat. Stamens 5, and with the style included. Capsule curved upwards, wrinkled, crested above, terminating in 2 incurved beaks, much longer than the capsule and hooked at the end. — Bot. Mag. t. 4292. A Mexican plant now become naturalised, and a noxious weed to the sheep farmers, but fortunately does not spread at a rapid rate. 2. *SESAMUM, Linn. (An Egytian name of one species.) Calyx small, 5-partite. Corolla tubular-ventricose, base subgibbous ; limb 2- lipped, lobes 5, rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous, included. Anthers sagittate, cells 2 subparallel. Ovary 2-celled, early falsely 4-celled, cells many- ovuled. Capsule oblong or ovoid, loculicidally 2-valved, unarmed, in appearance 4-celled. Seeds numerous, obliquely oblong. Erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite, upper alternate, entire-toothed, lobed or divided. Flowers axillary, solitary, or few and fascicled, on short pedicels, pale or purplish, sometimes yellow-marked. The species are not many and belong to India and tropical or southern Africa. 1. S. indicum (Indian), DC. Prod. ix. 250; C. B. Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Tnd. iv. 387. An erect plant about 2ft. high, pubescent or puberulous. Leaves oblong or ovate, the lower ones often pedatisect, 3 to 5in. long, variable on the same plant ; petiole \ to 2in. long. Pedicels short, solitary, rarely 2 to 3- nate. Sepals 3 lines long, lanceolate. Corolla ljin., pubescent, whitish or with red-purplish or yellow marks. Capsule 4-angled, oblong, about lin. long, 3 lines broad ; erect, scabrid-pilose, usually shortly pointed, 2-valved half-way down or to the base, or ultimately 4-valved. Seeds brown, smooth. — Wight, III. t. 163 ; Bot. Mag. t. 1688; S. orientalis, Linn., gaertn. Fruct. ii. 132, t. 110 ; Rheede Hort. Mai. ix. tt. 54, 55 ; Rumph Herb. Amboin. t. 76, fig. 1. Hab.: Cultivated in most hot countries ; probably of Asiatic origin. It has long been cultivated in hot countries for the oil obtained from its seeds — known as “ Til or Gingelly Oil.” Naturalised in many localities. 3. JOSEPHINIA, Vent. (After the Empress Josephine.) Calyx divided to the base into 5 segments. Corolla tubular, the lobes spreading, short, the lowest rather larger than the others. Stamens didy- namous, included in the tube ; anther-cells parallel, the connectivum usually tipped with a small gland. Ovary of 4, 6, or 8 cells, each with 1 erect ovule ; stigmatic lobes, 2, 3, or 4. Fruit hard and indehiscent, armed with comical prickles, shortly or not at all beaked. Seeds 1 in. each cell, oblong, erect. — Herbs with the habit of Sesamum. Leaves opposite, entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers in the upper axils on short pedicels without bracteoles. The genus extends into the Archipelago. The two Australian species are endemic. The solitary erect ovules 'and seeds connect this genus with Verbenaccce, but the habit of the corollas are those of Pedalinecc.—Benth. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, quite entire. Ovary usually 8-celled. Fruit with a small terete or conical beak • ■ • J. grandtflora. Plant densely villous. Lower leaves divided into 3 distinct segments. Ovary usually 4-celled. Fruit not beaked 2. J. Eugenia. 1140 XCII. PEDALINEiE. [. Josephinia . 1. J. grandiflora (large-flowered), R. Br. Prod. 520; Benth. FI. Anstr. iv. 556. Stems erect or diffuse (2 to 3ft. high?), glabrous or sprinkled with a few minute hairs. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, or the lower ones ovate- lanceolate, all quite entire, 1J to 3in. long, glabrous, and minutely and sparingly pubescent underneath. Pedicels shorter than the petiole. Calyx-segments narrow, acuminate, about 2 lines long, the upper one usually shorter. Corolla at least lin. long, pubescent outside, the tube gibbous at the base on the upper side, gradually dilated upwards ; lobes broad, the 4 upper ones nearly equal, the lower twice as long and broader than the others. Ovary in the flowers examined 8-celled ; stigmatic lobes 4 (sometimes 3 according to Endlicher’s figure). Fruit, ovoid-globular, under Jin. diameter, very hard, villous with short soft hairs, armed with thick conical very unequal prickles, the persistent thickened base of the style forming a cylindrical or slightly conical beak, sometimes very short, sometimes at least as long as the prickles. — Endl. Iconogr. t. 106. Hab.: Endeavour Straits, E. Brown; Low Island, R. Brown, Home; islands of Howick’s Group, V. v. Mueller ; Three Isles and Lizard Island, M'Gillivray ; Pelican and Haggerstone Islands, A. Cunningham. Mr. Bentham points out that Endlicher has reversed the fruit (fig. k), so as to make the beak appear as a pedicel ; the seeds are also reversed. 2. J. Eugeniae (After the Empress Eugenie), F. v. M. in Hook. Ken • Journ. ix. 370. t. 11 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 557. Stems procumbent ascending or erect, attaining 2ft. or rather more, every part of the plant densely villous with articulate simple or branched hairs. Lower leaves on long petioles mostly divided into 3 petiolate segments, the segments as well as the upper simple leaves oblong or lanceolate, coarsely-toothed. 1 to 2in. long ; the uppermost floral ones small, lanceolate and entire. Flowers pink, very small, on short pedicels in the upper axils. Calyx-segments linear, obtuse, very hispid, scarcely above 1 line long. Corolla about 3 lines long, hirsute outside, the 4 upper lobes short and broad, the lowest one larger. Ovary 4-celled ; stigmatic lobes 2, oblong-linear. Fruit ovoid, very hirsute, about Jin. long, the prickles small, often not exceeding the hairs, without any beak, but slightly raised ribs across the summit. Hab.: Suttor River, Bowman; and towards Cooper’s Creek, F. v. Mueller. Order XCIII. ACANTHACE,®. Flowers irregular. Calyx more or less deeply divided into 5 lobes segments or distinct sepals, the upper one often smaller and sometimes wanting or the two lowest united into one. Corolla with a long or short tube, the limb either two-lipped or of 5 spreading lobes, contorted or otherwise imbricate in the bud or expanded into a single lower lip. Stamens inserted in the tube, 4 in pairs or 2 only, the upper ones then reduced to staminodia or entirely wanting. Anthers 2-celled or 1 -celled by the abortion of the other cell. Ovary superior, 2-celled, with 2 or more ovules or rarely a single one in each cell. Style simple, usually subulate, with an entire or 2-lobed stigma, the lobes not dilated and the upper one often reduced to a small tooth. Capsule opening loculicidally in two valves, usually elastically recurved and bearing the placentas along their centre. Seeds usually flat, attached to hooked processes from the dissepiment called retinacula, or in the first two tribes the seeds globular and resting on cup-shaped dilatations or mere papillre, some times almost inconspicuous. Albumen none. Embryo usually curved. — Herbs shrubs or rarely trees. Leaves opposite, entire or rarely tocthed, or in a few species not Australian, lobed. Flowers axillary or terminal, in spikes racemes or XCIII. ACANTHACEiE. 1141 clusters, more or less bracteate, the primary inflorescence centripetal, the secondary sometimes dichotomous and centrifugal. Bracteoles rarely wanting and sometimes large and leafy. A large Order, diffused over both the New and the Old World, chiefly within the tropics, a very few species occurring in more temperate regions, either in the northern or the southern hemisphere. Tkibe I. Thunberg'ieae. — Corolla-limb with 5 nearly equal spreading lobes, contorted in the bud. Seeds globular, resting on a cup-shaped expansion of the placenta. Stem twining. Calyx an entire or toothed ring concealed within the bracteoles ,...., 1. Thuxbergia. Tribe II. Nelsonicae. — Corolla-limb of 5 nearly equal lobes or 2-lipped, imbricate in the bud, the upper lobes or lip outside. Seeds globular, lletinacula none or reduced to minute papilla:. Corolla-lobes nearly equal. Stamens 2 2. Nelsonia. Corolla-lobes nearly equal. Stamens 4 3. Eberaiaiera. Tribe III. Ruellieae. — Corolla-lobes 5, nearly equal or 2-lipped, contorted in the bud. Seeds flat. Retinacula prominent. Corolla 2-lipped. Stamens 4. Ovules several in each cell ..... 4. Hygrophila. Corolla-lobes nearly equal, spreading. Stamens 4. Ovules 6 or more in each cell 5. Kcellia. Tribe IV. Acanthes. — Corolla-tube short, upper lip obsolete, lower G lobed. Ovules 2 in each cell. Retinacula curved, hardened. Stamens 4. Leaves usually prickly-toothed 6. Acanthus. Tribe V. Justicieae. — Corolla-lobes imbricate in bud. Retinacula curved, hardened. Anthers 2 — 1 -celled ; cells often spurred at the base, one frequently placed much above the other. Style shortly equally 2-fid or subentire. Subtribe I. Asystasieie. — Ovules 2 in each cell. Corolla-lobes 5, subequal. Sepals 5. subequal. Stamens 4 or 2; anther-cells 2, subequal, parallel, muticous. Corolla-tube long, narrow or subventricose. Stamens 4 7. Asystasia. Corolla-tube slender. Stamens 2 8. Eraxthemuji. Subtribe II. Eujusticieae. — Ovules 2 in each cell. Corollas distinctly 2-lipped. Bracts larger than the calyx-segments. Stamens 2 ; anthers 1-celled . . 9. Hypoestes. Bracts clustered, shortly stalked. Stamens 2 ; anthers 2-celled. Placentas rising elastically from the base of the capsules 10. Dicliptera. Bracts in 1-sided spikes II.’Ruxgia. Placentas not rising elastically from the base of the capsule. Auther- cells placed one much higher than the other. Anther-cells minutely spurred at base 12. Justicia. Bracts small. Corolla-tube elongate. Anther-cells parallel, subequal . . 13. Graptophylloji. 1 THUNBERGIA, Linn. f. (After C. P. Tliunberg.) Calyx reduced to an entire or many-toothed ring and concealed within 2 large bracteoles. Corolla-lobes 5, nearly equal, spreading, contorted in the bud. Stamens 4, included in the tube ; anther-cells parallel. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Capsule globose and seed-bearing at the base, terminating in a flattened beak. Seeds globular, hollowed out on the inner face, and inserted on a cupular (sometimes very small) expansion of the placenta. — Twining or rarely dwarf and prostrate herbs. Flowers in axillary pedicels or in terminal racemes. The genus is limited to tropical Asia and Africa and southern Africa. 1. : T. fragrans (fragrant), Iioxb. Cor. VI. i. 47, t. 67; C. B. Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. lnd. iv. 390. A slender-stemmed retrorsely-hairy or glabrate climber. Leaves ovate or oblong-acute, 2 to Sin. long, \ to 14in. broad, cordate or hastate at the base ; toothed ; petioles \ to 14in. long. Pedicels 1 to Sin. long, usually solitary in the axil, sometimes 2. Bracteoles fin. long, broadly falcate- oblong, subacute. Calyx in flower 1^ line, divided half-way down into 12 to 16 1142 XCIII. ACANTHACEiE. [. Thunbenjia . teeth, nearly glabrous, in fruit over 2 lines. Corolla 1 Jin., pure white. Anther- cells elliptic, acute, base unappendaged. Ovary glabrous ; style funnel-shaped, 2- lipped. Capsule f to lin. long, glabrous, shining. Seeds about 2 lines rugose. — T. javanica, Gtertn. Fruct. III. 22, t. 183 ; T. arnhcmica, F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 73 ; and T. Powelli, South. Sci. Rec. ii. 34. Hab.: This common Indian species has become naturalised in many parts of the colony, especially in the tropics. The following note is given by Mr. Trimen in his Ceylon Flora, part iii., 289: — ‘-The flowers never have the slightest scent. Roxburgh bestowed the Dame fragrant from a peculiar and agreeable fragrance of the plant, which I am unable to detect ; he expressly says that the flower is scentless.” This most certainly agrees with the plants in Queensland. C. B. Clarke, however, in Hook. FI. Brit. Iud., says the flowers are fragrant. 2. *T. alata (winged), Boj. in Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2591 ; Benth. FI. AusV- iv. 543. A herbaceous softly pubescent or villous twiner. Leaves broadly angular-cordate, on rather long petioles which are always more or less winged. Flowers pale orange or in one variety white, with the tube purple inside, on axillary pedicels shorter than the leaves. Bracteoles herbaceous, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, J to fin. long. Calyx reduced to a ring of from 10 to 12 small acute teeth. Corolla-tube shortly exceeding the bracteoles with 5 rounded spreading nearly equal lobes. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 58 ; Hook. Exot. FI. t. 177 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3512. Hab : Naturalised near towns. A native of the S.E. coast of Africa or of the Mascarene islands, long since cultivated in Indian as well as European gardens. 2. NELSONIA, R. Br. (After D. Nelson, who accompanied Captain Cook.) Calyx of 4 distinct segments, the lowest 2-fid. Corolla-lobes 5, nearly equal, the 2 upper ones outside in the bud. Stamens 2, included in the corolla-tube ; anther-cells distinct, divergent ; no staminodia. Ovules rather numerous ; stigmatic lobes of the style unequal. Capsule 2-eelled from the base, terminating in a seedless beak. Seeds small, globular, resting on minute scarcely con- spicuous papillae. — Diffuse herb. Flowers small, sessile in terminal leafy spikes. The genus appears to be limited to a single species, a common tropical weed. 1. N. campestris (field plant), B. Br. Prod. 481 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 543. A diffuse or prostrate herb, the slender stems much branched, and extend- ing sometimes to above 1ft., clothed as well as the foliage with long soft hairs which are often white and silky on the young shoots and inflorescence. Leaves oblong or eliptical, narrowed into a short petiole or rarely broadly ovate or almost orbicular, rarely exceeding fin. except the radical and lowest which are sometimes much longer, the floral ones sessile, ovate, acute, 3 to 4 lines long, crowded or almost imbricate in short terminal spikes. Flowers nearly sessile, not exceeding the floral leaves. Calyx about 2 lines long, the upper and lower segments rather broader than the others, the lowest from minutely 2-toothed to deeply 2-lobed. Corolla-tube about as long as the calyx, the lobes rounded, 2 upper ones nearly 1J line long, the three lower rather smaller. Capsule oblong- linear, not exceeding the floral leaves. — Eudl. Icongr. t. 79 ; AT. rotundifolia, R. Br. l.c. ; A. tomentosa, Dietr. ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 450 ; the whole five species of Xelsonia and their numerous synonyms given by Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 65 to 67. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Roehampton, Dallachtj ; and other tropical localities. The species is a common tropical weed in Asia and Africa, and is already abundant in several parts of tropical America. xcm. acanthaceai. 1143 3. EBERMAIERA, Nees. (After Iv. H. Ebermaier, a German writer on medicinal plants). Calyx divided to the base into five segments, the upper one broader than the others. Corolla-lobes 5, nearly equal, the 2 upper ones outside in the bud. Stamens 4, in pairs, included in the corolla-tube; anthers ovate, transverse, 2-celled. Ovules numerous ; stigmatic lobes of the style unequal. Capsule oblong-linear, not beaked, 2-celled from the base. Seeds numerous, very small, nearly globular ; retinacula reduced to minute papillae or quite inconspicuous. — - Herbs. Flowers small, sessile in the axils of the floral leaves or bracts, forming terminal dense or interrupted leafy or leafless spikes. The genus comprises a considerable number of species from tropical Asia and Africa, with a few American ones. The only Australian species is a common Asiatic one. 1. S3, glauca (plant grey colored), Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 73; Benth. FI. Anstr. iv. 544. Stems at first simple and erect, at length diffuse prostrate or creeping and rooting at the nodes, with ascending or erect branches of ^ to 1ft., the whole plant slightly pubescent, the inflorescence often glandular. leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptical, obtuse, narrowed into a petiole, 1 to 2in. long, the floral ones much smaller, mostly under iin. Flowers nearly sessile in the axils of the floral leaves, between 2 leafy bracteoles about as long as the calyx, forming rather long leafy spikes, terminal, or sometimes also in the axils of the upper stem leaves. Calyx upper segments lanceolate, 3 to 4 lines long, lower ones linear and rather shorter. Corolla-tube about as long as the calyx, slightly dilated upwards ; lobes short, obovate, obscurely 2-lipped. Capsule as long as the calyx. — T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 450 : Wight, Ic. t. 1 188. Hab.: Recorded for Q leensland by F. v. Mueller. Common in E. India and the Archipelago. 4. HYGROPHILA, R. Br. (Found near water.) Calyx more or less deeply divided into 5 or rarely 4 lobes or segments. Corolla- limb 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed, the lobes usually short and contorted in the bud. Stamens 4, in pairs, or in species not Australian only 2 perfect ; anthers erect, the cells parallel and equal. Style subulate, with a small upper tooth. Ovules several in each cell of the ovary. Capsule oblong or linear, 2-celled from the bise. Seeds flat, retinacula hooked. — Erect or decum- bent herbs. Flowers sessile in axillary clusters. A small genus, widely distributed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New and the Old World. The only Australian species is a common Asiatic one. H. salicifolia (willow-leaved), Nees in Wall. PI. As. Ptar. and in DC. Prod. xi. 92 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 544. Stems erect or ascending, branched, from i to 1 Aft. high, glabrous or slightly pubescent with appressed hairs as well as the foliage. Leaves lanceolate or almost linear, contracted into a short petiole, 3 or 4in. long in stout specimens, half that size in others. Flowers usually 2 or 3 together in the axils of the stem-leaves, purple or pale blue (or yellow according to Dallach]/). Bracteoles concave, acute, usualy shorter than the calyx. Calyx pubescent, tubular, the lobes shorter than the entire part, the 2 lower ones often more united. Corolla-tube scarcely exceeding the calyx, upper lip 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed, convex, with 2 lines of hairs decurrent from the sinus, the lobes all nearly equal, slightly contorted or almost valvate in the bud. Stamens inserted near the top of the tube. Capsule linear, about |in. long. Seeds about 6 to 8 in each cell. — T. Anders, in Journ. Liiln. Soc. ix. 45G, with the synonyms adduced ; Ruellia salicifolia, Vahl. Symb. iii. 84 ; Hygrophila anrjustifolia, R. Br. Prod. 479 ; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 91. Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, R. Brown; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Broadsound, Bowman; Beddome Creek, Thozet ; Moreton Bay, IF. Hill. Paiit IV. i 1144 XC1II. ACANTHACErE. 5. RUELLIA, Linn. (After John Ruelle, of Soissons, botanist to Francis I.) (Dipteracanthus and Cryphiacanthus, Keen ) Calyx more or less deeply divided into 5 lobes or segments. Corolla-lobes 5, nearly equal, spreading, contorted in the bud. Stamens 4, included in the corolla-tube ; anther-cells parallel and equal. Ovules 6 or more in each cell of the ovary. Capsule oblong-linear or clavate, more or less contracted and seedless at the base, very rarely equally 2-celled throughout. Seeds flat; retinacula hooked, often denticulate at the top. — Herbs or rarely shrubs. Flowers usually blue, mostly axillary, solitary or clustered, rarely in terminal or axillary spikes. A considerable genus, distributed over the warmer regions of the New and the Old World. The Australian species are all endemic. Sect. I. Dipteracanthus. — Bracteoles usually longer and broader than the calyx. Capsule contracted or flattened and seedless at the base. Corolla with a slender tube of lin., the broader portion or throat half as long. Calpsule fin. Flowers pedunculate 1. R. bracteata. Corolla-tube very shortly slender at the base, the throat much longer. Capsule Jin. long. Flowers nearly sessile. Corolla-throat nearly lin. long 2. R. primulacea. Corolla-throat scarcely Jin. long 3. if. corynotlieca Sect. II. Cryphiacanthus.— Braceteoles linear-subulate, shorter than the calyx or none. Capsule equally 2-celled from the base or nearly so. Flowers sessile in the axils or nearly so. Bracteoles shorter than the calyx 4. R. australis. Flowers distant in axillary leafless spikes. Bracteoles very small . . . . 5. B. spiciflora. Flowers solitary on elongated pedicels. Bracteoles none 6 . R. acaulis. 1. R. bracteata (bracteoles prominent), If. Br. Prod. 479; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 546. Stems usually simple, Gin. to 1ft. high, more or less hirsute as well as the foliage. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong, or eliptical, the larger ones above 2in. long, the lowTest small and obovate. Flowers blue, on axillary pedicels varying from Jin. to above lin. in length. Bracteoles herbaceous, oval- oblong, J to fin. long, enclosing the base of the flower. Calyx-segments narrow, 2 to 3 lines long. Corolla with a very slender straight tube of about lin., the campanulate broad part or throat nearly half that length, the lobes broad and rounded, the margins slightly crisped. Stamens inserted near the top of the slender tube and reaching to the top of the throat. Capsule nearly fin. long, contracted into a broad flattened seedless base. Seeds in the upper part, 7 or 8 in each cell. — Endl. Iconogr. t. 104 (the corolla-lobes more crisped than in any of the specimens seen) ; Dipteracanthus bracteatus, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 143. Hab.: Cape York, M'Gillicray. The E. Indian Ruellia suffruticosa, Koxb., is evidently closely allied to if not identical with R. bracteata. — Benth. 2. R. primulacea (primula-like), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 546. A perennial, apparantly with the habit of If. corynotlieca, but larger and more villous. Leaves ovate, nearly sessile, J to lin. long. Flowers large, blue, nearly sessile in the upper axils. Bracteoles herbaceous, oval or oblong, much longer than the calyx. Calyx segments narrow, 2 to 3 lines long. Corolla with an exceedingly short narrow base, the remainder of the tube much dilated, above lin. long, forming a long broad rather oblique throat ; lobes broad, scarcely half as long as the tube. Capsule oblong-clavate, about Jin. long, contracted and seedless at the base. Seeds about 6 in each cell. Hab.: Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller; Selheim and Elliot Rivers, Bowman; Peak Downs, Burket ; Port Denison, I?. Fitzalan. The species is commonly met with in northern inland localities. Ruellia .] XCIII. ACANTHACE.E. 1145 3. R. corynotheca (capsule club-shaped), F. v. M. Herb.; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 546. A perennial, usually shortly scabrous-pubescent, with rather slender, decumbent or erect stems of 6in. to nearly 1ft. Leaves petiolate, mostly ovate and small, often under fin. and rarely lin. long. Flowers nearly sessile in the upper axils. Bracteoles oblong-linear or oblong, contracted at the base, longer than the calyx. Calyx If to 2 lines long, the segments united at the base. Corolla-tube 3 to 4 lines long, gradually dilated upwards, the lobes fully half as long as the tube. Capsule clavate, about fin. long, the lower portion contracted and seedless, 2 lines broad above the middle. Seeds about 4 in each cell, rather large, all attached very near the middle of the capsule. Hab.: Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller; Suttor River, Bowman, Dorsay ; Peak Downs, Burket (F. v. M.). Very near the E. Indian B. patula , Jacq., but the corolla-tube appears to be shorter and not so slender, and there may be a few other trifling differences. — Benth. 4. R. australis (southern), B. Br. Prod. 479 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 547. A small parennial with erect or diffuse branching stems often under 6in. but sometimes nearly lit. long, hirsute as well as the foliage or nearly glabrous. Leaves from obovate or oblong or under fin. to oblong lanceolate and 2in. long, narrowed into a petiole. Flowers blue, axillary, sessile or very shortly pedicellate, with narrow bracteoles shorter than or very rarely as long as the calyx. Calyx-segments subulate-acuminate, 3 to 4 or even 5 lines long. Corolla- tube exceeding the calyx, gradually but considerably enlarged upwards ; lobes spreading, more than half as long and sometimes nearly as long as the tube. Stamens inserted near the base of the tube and the anthers scarcely reaching above the middle. Capsule about fin. long, mucronate, linear, not enlarged upwards, and usually 2-celled from the base. Seeds about 6 in each cell. — Cav. Ic. vi. 62, t. 586 ; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 151 as to Brown’s synonym, but not the plant described ; Cnjphiacanthus australis, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 198. Hab.: Bay of Inlets, Banks aud Solander ; Thirsty Sound and Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Cape York, M'Gillivray ; Rockhampton, Dallachy ; Warwick, Beckler. Yar. scabra. A coarse form. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rigid and scabrous. — Capsule rather larger. — Gilbert River, F. v. Mueller ; Armadilla, Barton. Var. pumila. Very small and neally glabrous. Leaves mostly oblong. — R. pumilio, R. Br. Prod 479; Dipter acanthus pumilio, Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 124. — Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton, O'Slianesy ; Darling Downs, Law; Armadilla, Barton. 5. St. spiciflora (inflorescence in spikes), F. v. M. Herb. ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 547, Stems creeping and rooting at the base, ascending, under lit. long in the specimens seen, loosely pubescent as well as tbe veins of the leaves under- neath. Leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, those of each pair very unequal, the larger one 1 to 2in. long. Flowers distant, along slender axillarv peduncles, forming interrupted spikes, each one sessile within a small linear-setaceous bract with still smaller bracteoles. Calyx-segments linear setaceous. Corolla-tube rather broad, nearly fin. long, the lobes about half as long as the tube. Stamens short. Capsule nearly fid. long, apparently like that of R. australis, but not seen ripe. Hab.: Archer’s Creek, Leichhardt. The habit of the plant is that of Asy stasia gangetica, T. Anders. (A. coromandeliana, Nees), but the contorted corolla-lobes and the stamens are those of Ruellia australis. — Benth. 6. It. acaulis (stemless), R. Br. Prod. 479 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 547. A dwarf almost stemless hirsute perennial, with a short branching stock, rarely emitting a few rather longer decumbent stems. Leaves mostly radical or nearly so, petiolate, oval-elliptical to oblong, obtuse, from under lin. to nearly 2in. long. Flowers on pedicels varying from about the length of the calyx to three 1146 XCIII. ACANTHACE2E. [. Ruellia . times that length, and always longer than the fruit. Bracteoles none. Calyx- segments 4 to 5 lines long. Corolla-tube about 4in. long, not much dilated, the lobes about half as long as the tube. Stamens of R. australis. Capsule 6 to 8 lines long, 2-celled from the base. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 154. Ilab.: Bustard Bay, Bay of Inlets and Cape Grafton, Banks and Solander; Poit Denison, Fitzalan ; Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller; Suttor Kiver, Thozet ; Broadsound, Bowman ; Bogee River, Dallacluj, 6. ACANTHUS, Linn. (In reference to some species being spiny). (Dilivaria, Juss.) Calyx divided to the base into 4 distinct segments or sepals. Corolla with a very short tube ; the upper lip short and truncate or entirely wanting, the lower lip large entire or 3-lobed. Stamens 4, exserted ; anthers 1-celled, hirsute or ciliate. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Capsule 2-celled from the base. Seeds large, flat ; retinacula thick. — -Herbs or shrubs. Leaves usually prickly- toothed. Flowers in bracteate spikes. A small genus, spread over tropical Asia, Africa, and southern Europe. The only Australian species is a common maritime plant in tropical Asia. 1. A. ilicifolius (Holly-leaved), Linn.; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 511 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 548. An erect glabrous shrub of several feet. Leaves sessile or nearly so, oval or broadly oblong, 4 to 8in. long, coriaceous and shining when full grown, bordered with undulate prickly teeth or short lobes or rarely entire, with a pair of divaricate short prickles at their base in the place of stipules, sometimes 4 or 5 lines long, sometimes very short or entirely wanting. Spikes terminal or in the upper axils, 6in. to 1ft. long. Bracts ovate, acute or obtuse, often at least half as long as the calyx ; bracteoles similar but smaller, sometimes very small or wanting. Calyx-segments or sepals oblong, coriaceous, the 2 outer ones G to 8 lines long, the 2 inner ones smaller. Corolla blue, upper lip exceedingly short truncate and coriaceous, the lower expanded into an obovate entire or shortly 3-lobed limb of above lin. Filaments, hard, thick and shining, more tahn half as long as the lower lip. Anthers 3 to 4 lines long, very densely ciliate-hirsute. Capsule f to lin. long, coriaceous, shining, very obtuse. — R. Br. Prod. 480; Dilivaria ilicifolia, Juss.; Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 268 ; Wight, Ic. t. 459. Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown ; Cape York, Dcemel ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander; Cape Conway, A. Cunningham ; Rockhampton, O’Slianesy , Thozet. Common in most northern coastal swamps. 7. ASYSTASIA, Blume. (Derivation obscure.) Calyx deeply divided into 5 narrow segments. Corolla-tube short or long, funnel-shaped, ventricose or narrow ; lobes 5, sub-equal, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 4, all perfect, didynamus, subequal ; anthers oblong, cells parallel, approximate, base minutely spurred or submuticus, the points only obscurely whitened. Ovary 4-ovulate, very hairy ; stigma minutely bifid or subcapitate. Capsule elliptic, 4-seeded, base contracted, solid. Seeds compressed, orbicular or irregularly angular, rugose or tubercular, glabrous. Herbs or undershrubs, with entire leaves. Spikes or racemes lax or dense, simple or compound, 1-sided or suberect ; bracts and bracteoles linear, usually shorter than the calyx ; flowers opposite or alternate, usually solitary, blue, purple, rose, or yellow. The species of this genus are met with in tropical Asia and South Africa, but not to my knowledge in Australia until I met with the species, here described, on Thursday Island. Asy stasia.] XCIII. ACANTHACEiE. 1147 1. A. australasica (Australian), Bail. Q. Ay. Jl. i. 230. A rather straggling plant about 18in. high, slightly branched, stems somewhat erect. Leaves membranous, 4 or 5in. long, 2Jin. broad, with a long abruptly acuminate point, rounded and slightly decurrent on the petiole which is slender and often nearly 2|in. long. Flowers lateral, distant, pale-bluish, in terminal racemes of 2 or 3in., pedicels about 3 lines ; calyx-tube short, lobes very narrow, about 3 lines long. Corolla-tube Ain., expanding upwards, lobes rather short and rounded. Stamens 4, in pairs, not exerted, style about the length of the stamens. Capsule seedless in the lower half, the apex rostrate, seeds 4 in the centre of capsule, prominently tuberculose on each face, the margins sinuate, 2 lines diameter. Hab.: Thursday Island, Torres Strait. Under trees in the gullies between the hills. This Australian species somewhat resembles A. coromandeliana, Nees. 8. ERANTHEMUM, Linn, (From eran, to love, and anthemon, a flower ; referring to the beauty of the flowers.) Calyx deeply divided into 5 lobes or segments. Corolla-tube long and slender ; limb spreading, 5-lobed, the lobes nearly equal, imbricate but not contorted in the bud. Stamens 2, inserted high up in the tube ; anthers partially exserted, with 2 parallel and equal cells ; staminodia 2, usually very small. Ovules usually 2 in each cell. Capsule oblong-clavate or linear, much contracted and seedless at the base. Seeds flat ; retinacula curved. — Herbs undershrubs or shrubs. Flowers solitary or in littie cymes of 3 to 5, sessile or very shortly pedunculate in the upper axils or more frequently forming terminal interrupted spikes with the floral leaves reduced to small bracts. Bracteoles very small or none. A considerable genus, dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New as well as the Old World. The two Australian species appear to be both endemic. Herb with a creeping rhizome and erect nearly simple stems. Flowers in spikes 1. E. var labile. Slender branching shrub. Flowers axillary 2. E. tenellum. 1. E. variabile (habit variable), Pt. Br. Prod. 477 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 555. A perennial with a creeping rhizome and ascending or erect simple or slightly branched stems varying from a few inches to above 1ft. high, the whole plant glabrous, pubescent, or hirsute. Leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong lanceolate or linear, 1 to 3in. long. Flowers white, solitary or rarely in little cymes of 3 or 5, in the axils of bracts always very small and sometimes almost inconspicuous, forming racemes or spikes, sometimes short and dense in the upper axils, but mostly slender interrupted and terminal ; pedicels very short. Calyx-segments linear-setaceous, varying from under 2 to above 4 lines in length. Corolla glabrous or pubescent, the slender straight tube 5 to 8 lines long ; lobes oblong, from under half the length of the tube to nearly its length. Capsule about Ain. long, the lower half contracted and seedless. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 456. flab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller and others ; Rochampton and Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Nerkool Creek, Broadsound and Amity Creek, Bowman; Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller; Cape York, M'Gillivray. Throughout the colony, very common and variable. Var. molle. Leaves rather large, ovate, thin, softly pubescent. Flowers distant in slender leafless racemes. — Cape York, Daniel; Rockhampton, Dallachy. Var. lineare. Leaves narrow linear.— Gilbert River, F. v. Mueller ; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart. The plant figured in Paxt. Mag. xiii. 75 as E. variabile is a very different species, not Australian. 1148 XCIII. ACANTHACEiE. [Eranthemum. 2. E. tenellum (slender), Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 555. An erect slirub of 2 to 3ft. with slender scabrous-pubescent or glabrous branches. Leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong, those of each pair very unequal in size, the larger one sometimes rather above lin. long, but usually half that size, and its opposite one much smaller. Flowers white, solitary in the axils, on short pedicels. Calyx- segments linear-setaceous, under 2 lines long. Corolla like the smaller form of E. variabile. Hab.: Ia various localities. Evidently nearly allied to E. tuberculatum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5405, but without the peculiar warts of that species, the flowers smaller, and the leaves differently shaped. — Benth. 9. HYPOESTES, R. Br. (From hypo under and estia house. — The bracts covering the calyx.) Calyx more or less deeply divided into 5 lobes or segments. Corolla with a slender tube deeply 2-lipped, the upper lip narrow, entire, or rarely notched, the lower 3-lobed. Stamens 2, often nearly as long as the corolla ; anthers linear, 1 -celled. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Style bifid at the top. Capsule compressed and seedless at the base, oblong or clavate. Seeds flat ; retinacula subulate. — Herbs shrubs or small trees. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 together, within a cylindrical or clavate involucre of 2 pairs of bracts often united to the middle, the inner pair alternating with the outer, the involucres in axillary clusters or spikes or in terminal panicles. The genus is dispersed over Africa and tropical Asia. The Australian varieties or species appear to be endemic, but require further comparison with some forms from the Eastern Archipelago of which we have very imperfect specimens. — Benth. 1. H. floribunda (free flowerer), B. Br. Prod. 474 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 553. An erect branching perennial, attaining 2 or 3ft. and usually glabrous except the minutely glandular-pubescent inflorescence. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or almost linear, acutely acuminate, contracted into a rather long petiole, usually thin and membranous and 2 to 4in. long, but occasionally much larger. Involucres usually numerous in dense axillary clusters or racemes or loose terminal panicles each involucre tubular, concrete, 2 to 4 lines long, 4-lobed to about the middle, the lobes acute, the 2 inner ones rather smaller. Flowers solitary in the involucre or rarely 2 or 3 together, but the accessory ones mostly rudimentary. Calyx very thin, divided to about the middle, much shorter than the involucre. Corolla slender, about fin. long or rather larger, the lips as long as the tube, the upper one linear and entire, the lower one much broader, very shortly 3-lobed. Stamens nearly as long as the lips. Capsule rather narrow, 5 to 6 lines long. — Endl. Iconogr. t. 105 ; H. laxiflora and H. floribunda (partly), Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 508, 509. The following forms of this very variable plant might be distributed according to the inflorescence into three principal varieties or perhaps species, two of -which are found in this colony : — (Benth.) 1 Densiflora. Involucres mostly 2 to 3 lines long in short dense spikes or clusters chiefly axillary. — Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Edgecombe and Rockingham Bays, Dallachy ; Nerkol Creek, Bowman; Port Denison, Fitzalan. (All nearly glabrous). Var. canescens. Branches inflorescence and under side of the leaves hoary with a very minute pubescence. — Cape York, Daemel. Yar. pubescens. Rather densely clothed with a scabrous or a soft pubescence, — Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Burdekin River, Leichhardt ; N. coast of Arnhem’s Land, Kinley ; also other southern localities. 2. Paniculata. Involucre usually 3 to 4 lines long, in elongated inteirupted spikes, usually numerous in the upper axils, forming rather large terminal panicles. — Shoalwater Bay, B. Brou n. XCIII. ACANTHACEJE. 1149 10. DICLIPTERA, Juss. (Referring to the 2 bracts which conceal the calyx.) (Brochosiphon, Nees). Calyx deeply divided into 5 lobes or segments. Corolla-tube usually slender, dilated at the throat, the upper lip concave entire or notched, the lower broader nearly entire or 3-lobed, the middle lobe much broader than the others. Stamens 2, ascending under the upper lip ; anthers 2-celled, the cells placed usually one higher than the other, but without any basal appendage. Ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule usually flat, shortly contracted and seedless at the base, the dissepiment separating from the valves when opened and turning upwards elastically with the retinacula. Seeds flat.— Herbs. Flowers 1 to 3 together, sessile within a flattened involucre of 2 bracts concealing the calyx, the involucres usually several in clusters or short cymes, in the axils of the floral leaves or forming terminal loose spikes or racemes, with usually 2 subulate or spinescent bracts outside the flat ones. Corolla, owing to the peculiar inflorescence, appearing frequently resupinate with relation to the main axis, the upper entire or 2-notched lip becoming the lowest. A considerable genus dispersed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New and the Old World. Involucral bracts oblong lanceolate, acuminate cuspidate, minutely pubes- cent, the clusters mostly in axillary whorls 1. D. Leonotis, Involucral bracts orbicular, very flat, glabrous or glandular-pubescent, all in axillary clusters .. 2 . D. glabra. Involucral bracts ovate, aristate, convex, ciliate-hirsute on the upper side, the clusters forming terminal loose spikes or racemes ....... 3. D. spicata. 1. D. Leonotis (Leonotis-like), Dalz., Clarke in Hook., FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 553. An erect herb. Leaves elliptical acuminate glabrous, 3in. long, lin. broad on petioles of £in. Flower clusters mostly in axillary whorls. Bracts about 6 lines long and 1 J line broad, much acuminate. Corolla about 8 lines long. Capsule 3 lines long, very hairy. Seeds minutely glandulose-papillose, scarcely verrucose. — D. Burmanni, Nees. in Wall. PI. As. Ear. lii. 112 and F. v. M., Fragm. vii. 62. Hab.: Near Rockingham Bay and Herbert River, -J. Dallachtj (F. v. II.). 2. D. glabra (glabrous), Dene. Herb. Tim. 55, Benth. FI. Austr, iv. 552. A much-branched annual of 1 to 2 ft., glabrous or the foliage sprinkled with a few rather rigid hairs. Leaves lanceolate or almost linear, mostly acute, contracted into a very short petiole, 1 to 2 in. long. Involucres either 2 sessile in the axils or 4 in pairs on 2 very short peduncles or several in a more or less cymose but very dense cluster, the involucral bracts very broadly ovate or nearly orbicular, mucronate-acute, glabrous or glandular-pubescent and ciliate, flat and usually unequal, the larger one 3 to 6 lines diameter, and always with an outer pair of rigid linear-subulate spreading or recurved outer bracts or spines. Flowers within the bracts solitary or rarely 2 or 3, with minute bracteoles. Calyx 1 to In- line long, divided to below the middle into linear-lanceolate lobes. Corolla shortly exceeding the bracteoles, the lips nearly as long as the tube, the upper one ovate and notched, the lower one broad and 3-toothed. Capsule very small, flat, nearly orbicular, usually 2-seeded. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 476; Brochosiphon australis, Nees. l.c. 492 ; Dicliptera armata, F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 88. Hab.: Gilbert River, E. Daintree (F. v. 31.) 3. D. spicata (flowers in spikes), Dene. Herb. lim. 56, Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 553. An erect paniculately branched annual of 1 to 2 ft., the stem and leaves glabrous or minutely pubescent. Leaves lanceolate or almost linear, very acute and mucronate, almost aristate, narrowed into a petiole, 1 to 2 in. long, the flora 1150 XCIII. ACANTHACErE. [Dicliptera‘ ones narrower and shorter. Involucres usually 3 on a common peduncle in the axil of each floral leaf and sometimes a second shorter peduncle in the same axil with a single involucre, the clusters of involucres numerous in terminal racemes leafy at the base, the upper floral leaves reduced to subulate bracts. Involucral bracts ovate, acute and aristate, the margins recurved, the upper or inner surface convex and hirsute, the larger one of each pair 3 to 4 lines long, with an external pair of subulate bracts. Corolla slender, shorter than the bracts, the lips as long as the tube. Stamens 2. Capsule clavate, ovate. Seeds 2, muricate. — Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 479 ; D. raceinifera, F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 69. Hab.: Cape York, Daemel. Also in Timor ; the typical specimens received from Decaisne, as well as others in the Banksian Herbarium, agree precisely with the Australian ones. — Benth. 11. ::RUNGIA, Nees. (After Dr. Ferd. Runge.) Calyx small deeply 5-lobed ; segments linear-lanceolate. Corolla small bluish or white ; limb 2-lipped, upper lip emarginate shorter than the lower 3-lobed lip. Stamens 2 ; anthers 2-celled, cells parallel, subequal, or more often superposed; lower cell muticous or white-tailed. Ovary 4-ovulate. Style fili- form, minutely bifid. Capsule ovoid or oblong, shortly stalked ; after dehiscence the placentas with the retinacula rise elastically from the base of the capsule, scattering the seed. Seeds, 4 compressed, orbicular, glabrous, verrucose, some- times minutely, sometimes very strongly, so that the seed is concentrically rugose or subcristate. Diffuse or erect herbs or shrubs. Leaves entire. Spikes dense, terminal or axillary, one-sided. Bracts 2-ranked, or 4-ranked, with two of the ranks often flowerless ; flowering bracts often scarious-margined ; bracteoles similar to the bracts or narrow. The species belonging to Asia and tropical Africa. 1. R. latior (diffuse), Nees in DC. Prod. xi. 472 ; Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 516. Stems diffuse, herbaceous, hairy. Leaves ovate to broad lanceolate, cuneate at both ends, petiolate. Spikes oblong, dense, often clustered, about 1 in. long. Bracts roundly-obovate margins hairy, obscurely 4-seriate; bracteoles similar to the bracts, but smaller. Calyx nearly \\ line long, segments linear-lanceolate, hairy. Corolla 4 lines long. Anther-cells superposed, lower white tailed. Capsule 4 lines long, nearly glabrous. Seeds small, minutely glandular-verrucose ultimately glabrous. Hab : The above Indian species or one closely allied has become naturalised near Cairns. My specimens, which, however, were not perfect, were received from the late Mr. E. Cowley. 12. JUSTICIA, Linn. (After J. Justice, a Scotch horticulturist). (Bostellularia and Khaphidospora, Nees.) Calyx divided to the base into 5 or 4 segments. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip erect, concave, entire or notched, the lower convex or with a longitudinal fold and veined in the centre, 3-lobed. Stamens 2 ; anther-cells oblique, one attached higher up than the other, the lower one usually mucronate or spurred. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Style usually entire. Capsule contracted or com- pressed and seedless at the base. Seeds flat ; retinacula obtuse. — Herbs or shrubs. Flowers solitary or in clusters or cymes, axilliary or forming terminal spikes or panicles. Bracts various. A large genus, widely distributed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. Flowers (small) in dense terminal bracteate spikes. Bracts linear or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, hispid or ciliate, bordered sometimes by a broad white margin 1. 0 . procumbent. Justicia .] XCIII. ACANTHACE.E. 1151 Bracts about 3 lines long, lanceolate, with a few setae on the margins and midrib . 2. J. notha. Flowers in axillary sessile clusters surrounded by a few broad obcordate bracts \ . . 3. •/. hijgropliiloides. Flowers in pairs on axillary simple or forked peduncles. Bracts setaceous 4. J. cavernarum. Flowers in a terminal dichotomous panicle 5. J. eranthemoid.es. 1. J. procumbens (habit of plant), Linn. ; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 511, Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 549. A procumbent, prostrate or rarely erect annual, often extending to above 1 or 2 ft. 'when trailing, shorter when erect. Leaves usually oblong lanceolate or almost linear, the lower ones small and more ovate, sometimes all ovate from \ to 1 in. long or all narrow and then sometimes nearly 2in. long ; as well as the whole plant pubescent hirsute or nearly glabrous. Flowers pink or white, solitary under each bract, in terminal rather dense spikes of f to above 1 in., with often 1 or two pairs of flowers at some distance below. Bracts linear-lanceolate or linear, acute, hirsute and ciliate, as long as the calyx ; bracteoles rather smaller ; calyx-segments 4 with occasionally a small fifth one, linear, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines long. Corolla-tube nearly as long as the calyx; upper lip short, erect ; lower one broad, spreading, nearly as long as the tube. Lower anther-cell spurred and often empty. Capsule 3 to 4 lines long, the seed- less base short. — Rostellaria (or Rostellularin ) procumbens, Nees in Wall. PI. As. Ear., and in DC Prod. ix. 371 ; Wight, Ic. t. 1539 ; Justicia juncca, J. media, and J. abscemlens, E. Br. Prod. 47G ; liostellularia media and R. juncea, Nees in DC Prod. ix. 374, 37G ; R. pogonantliera, F. v. M. in Linmea, xxv. 431 ; besides the numerous synonyms adduced by T. Anderson, l.c. Hah.: Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Thirsty Sound, Broadsound. Keppel Bay, etc., R. Brown , and from very numerous stations both on the coast and in the interior by most of the subsequent collectors. Var. peploides, (Water Purslane-like). Leaves ovate oblong or broadjy lanceolate, on longer petioles than in the type, and not so much contracted at the base, usually pubescent. Spikes cylindrical, compact, f to 1£ in. long, very rarely interrupted at the base. Flowers white or pinkish. Bracts and bracteoles obtuse, bordered by a broad white margin. Calyx-segments also somewhat membranous of the margin, but acute. — J. peploides, T. Anders in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 511 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 550 ; C. B. Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 537, records this plant as a form of T. quinqueangularis, Keen.; Rostellaria peploides, Nees. Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, a common plant of the colony, also in E. India. 2. J. notha (spurious), C. B. Clarke in Hook, in FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 537. Stems simple or with a few erect branches from the base, about 1ft. high, glabrous, almost terete, more or less marked with 4 or more lines or angles, often much contracted at the nodes below the leaves in the dried specimens. Leaves about \\ in. long, sessile, oblong, obtuse or acuminate at the apex, sub-obtuse and sometimes more or less auriculate at the base, coriaceous, irregularly transversely lineolate, glabrate above, when young bearing white set* on the nerves beneath. Spikes about 2 in. long, terminal, solitary, and dense. Bracts about 3 lines long, lanceolate (elliptic, Clarke), usually erect, with a few setae on the margins and midrib, especially towards the end, otherwise glabrous. Flowers hairy, corolla white with purplish lines inside. Capsule, (24- lines, Clarke), none on the Queens- land specimens to hand. Rostellularia simplex, Wight Ic. t 1512 (not of D. Don.) — Clarke, l.c. ; Bail, in Ql. Agri. Journ. iv. 464. Hab.: Herberton, R. C. Burton; Irvinebank, F. Bennet. Evidently indigenous in Queensland. Habitats according to Hooker l.c. doubtful. 3. J. hygrophiloides (Hygrophila-like), F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 89 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 550. An erect densely-branched shrub, glabrous or minutely pubescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed into a short petiole, 1 to 1^ or rarely 2in. long. Flowers white or said to be sometimes yellow, in axillary clusters of 2 to 6, surrounded by 3 or 4 very broadly obcordate or 2-lobed 1152 XCIII. ACANTHACEJE. [Jnsticia. obtuse leafy bracts, at least as long as the calyx and rather broader than long. Calyx-segments 5 or rarely 4, linear-subulate, about 3 lines long. Corolla under ^in. long, the tube shorter than the calyx, the lips as long as the tube, the upper one concave and notched, the lower one broadly obovate, shortly divided into 3 broad nearly equal lobes. Stamens nearly as long as the upper lip, the lower anther-cell with a basal appendage or spur. Capsule oblong, obtuse, about as long as the calyx, the basal seedless part very variable in length, sometimes very short. Seeds 2 in each cell. Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller, C. Stuart; Cape Conway, A. Cunningham ; Rockingham Bay ,.Dallachy ; Rockhampton, Dallachy, O'Shanesy. 4. J. cavernarum (found near caverns), F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 91, Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 550. Branches slender, apparently decumbent or divaricate, shortly hirsute or pubescent as well as the foliage and inflorescence. Leaves petiolate, ovate, 1 to 14in. long. Peduncles in one axil of each pair of leaves, longer than the leaves, bearing at the end 2 sessile flowers, or forked with 2 sessile flowers at the end of each branch. Bracts and bracteoles setaceous, shorter than the calyx. Calyx-segments linear-setaceous, not 2 lines long. Corolla small, pubescent outside, glabrous inside. Stamens 2 ; anthers 2-celled with the lower cell conspicuously spurred. Hab.: Mountain caves near Rockhampton, Tliozet. Described from fragmentary 'specimens in Herb. F. Mueller, which closely resemble the pubescent variety of the E. Indian J. glabra, Keen. ( Rhaphidospora glabra, Nees), but are not in a state to determine whether they really belong or not to that species. — Bentli. 13. GRAPTOPHYLLUM, Ness. (Markings on leaves of some species resembling writing). (Earlia, F. v. M.) Calyx divided to the base into 5 segments. Corolla-tube incurved, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip concave, incurved, notched, the lower divided to the base into 3 nearly equal lobes. Stamens 2, ascending under the upper lip, anther- cells parallel, nearly equal, without base appendages ; staminodia 2. Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary. Capsule oblong-clavate, contracted into a solid seedless base. Seeds flat ; retinacula hooked. — Tall shrubs or small trees with glabrous shining leaves. Flowers red, in axillary or terminal clusters or short racemes. Bracts and bracteoles very small. Besides the three Queensland endemic species, there is only one known and commonly culti- vated in tropical Asia, but of uncertain origin, probably from some of the early visited islands of the Eastern Archipelago. It is the G. pictum, Nees, known in European hothouses under the name of the Caricature-plant, and only differs in foliage from G. ilicifolium. — Benth. in part. A spiny shrub. Leaves ovate, with few teeth 1 . G. spinigerum. Leaves small, oblong, entire or minutely toothed 2. G. Earlii. Leaves large, broadly ovate, prickly-toothed 3. G. ilicifolium. 1. Gr. spinigerium (spiny), F. v. M. Fragm. xi. 17. A tall spiny shrub. Stems slender, armed with axillary slender spines ^ to |in. long. Bark loose. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, the large ones 2in. long, almost sessile, more or less dentate. Flowers small, axillary, often 3 on very short peduncles, pedicels slender, rather long. Calyx-lobes about 1 line. Corolla about 5 lines long, the lobes about half the length of the tube, the upper lip bidentate, the lower tridentate. Staminodia very minute. Anthers exserted, somewhat acute 3-line long. Style very slightly puberulous, capillary, about 3 lines long. Stigmatic lobes very minute. Ovary attenuated upwards. Capsule clavate about ^ in. long. Hab.: Endeavour River, Perseitz (F. v. M.) ; Eumundi, •/. F. Bailey and J. H. Simmonds. 5. J. eranthemoides (Eranthemum-like), F. v. M. Fraym. vi. 90 ; Benth. FI. Austr. iv. 551. Branches, veins of the under side of the leaves and inflorescence pubescent. Leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 2 to 2-^in. long. Flowers white, in terminal dichotomous corymbose panicles as long as the leaves. Bracts small, linear-subulate. Pedicels very short, without bracteoles. Calyx-segments linear-setaceous, about 2 lines long. Corolla 5 or 6 lines long, the tube nearly straight, dilated upwards ; lips rather shorter than the tube, the upper one narrow, erect, notched, innermost in the bud, lower lip broader, with the prominent longitudinal fold of the genus, 3 lobed to the middle, the middle lobe broader than the others and overlapping them in the bud. Anther-cells inserted one higher than the other as in the rest of the genus, but the lower one without any basal appendage. Capsule narrow, 5 or 6 lines long, contracted flattened and seedless at the base. Seeds 2 in each cell. Hab.: Tweed River, C. Moore. Described from a single small specimen in Herb. F. Mueller, very different from any species known to me, especially in inflorescence, which, however, comes nearest to that of the section Rhaphidospora.— Benth. . h ■ I Graptophyllum.] XCIII. ACAlsTHACE^E. 1153 2. Cr. Earlii (after G. W. Earl), F. v. 3/. Fragm. vi. 87. Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 551. A beautiful glabrous shrub or tree of 10 to 25ft. Leaves oblong-elliptical, acute or mucronulate, entire or with a few very small acute teeth, f to ljin. long. Flowers of a rich red, solitary in the axils or in clusters of very few. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long, with minute bracts and bracteoles at the base. Calyx-segments narrow, acute, about 2 lines long. Corolla-tube in- curved, much shorter than the tube, the lower lip rather shorter, equally divided into rather broad almost acute lobes. Filaments hairy at the base ; staminodia filiform. Capsule hard, almost woody, about fin. long. — Earlia excelsa, F. v. M. Fragm. iii. 163. ; Thyrsacanthus Earlia, F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 87. Hab.: Near Eockhampton, Dallachy, Thozet. Thyrsacanthus is a South American genus with a very different habit and corolla. — Bentli. Wood flesh-coloured, becoming brown towards the centre ; very hard, tough, and close grained. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 293. 3. G ilicifolium (Holly-leaved), F. v. 3/. Herb., Bentli. FI. Austr. iv. 552. A glabrous shrub of 10 to 15ft. (NernstJ. Leaves very shortly petiolate, broadly ovate, obtuse or acute, bordered by irregular mucronate or prickly teeth, 3 to 4 in. long, coriaceous, much veined but very shining. Flowers of a rich red, in short dense axillary clusters or racemes. Pedicels short, with very small bracts and bracteoles at the base. Calyx-segments 3 to 4 lines long. Corolla-tube fin. long, dilated into a broad throat but not so oblique nor so broad as in G. Earlii, the lips |in. long, the upper one concave and incurved, the lower one divided to the base into 3 equal narrow lobes. Stamens as in G. Earhi. Capsule above lin. long. Hab.: Mount Blackwood, Mackay district, Nernst. Near G. pictum, of which it has the narrow-lobed corollas, and only differs, as far as I can ascertain, in foliage. Order XCIY. MYOPORINEJE, Flowers irregular or rarely nearly regular. Calyx persistent, more or less deeply toothed or divided into 5, rarely 4, lobes or segments. Corolla with 4 or 5, rarely more, lobes more or less 2-lipped or nearly equal, imbricate in the bud, the upper lip or lobes outside (or rarely inside ?). Stamens usually 4, in pairs, inserted in the tube of the corolla and alternating with its lower lobes, rarely nearly equal and as many as corolla-lobes ; anther-cells opening longitudinally, at first nearly parallel, confluent at the apex, and usually when open forming a single reniform cell. Ovary free, not lobed, normally 2-celled, with 2 collateral ovules, or 2 or 3 superposed pairs of collateral ovules in each cell, attached to the incurved margins of a placenta projecting from the dissepiment so as to divide each cell more or less perfectly into 2, with one of the ovules of each pair in each half-cell, or sometimes the ovary divided from the first into 2 to 4, or in extra-Australian species more, cells with one ovule in each cell. Ovules pendu- lous, anatropous, with a superior micropyle. Style simple, undivided, or obscurely notched at the apex. Fruit a dry or succulent drupe, the endocarp 2- to 4- or rarely more-celled or 1-celled by abortion, or separating into as many pyrenes. Seeds usually solitary in each cell or half-cell, very rarely 2 or 3 super- posed, albuminous in the species where they have been seen ripe, but the albumen sometimes thin ; embryo straight, with a superior radicle. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves alternate, scattered, or rarely strictly opposite, undivided. Flowers axillary, solitary, or in clusters of 2, 3, or more. Bracts at the base of the pedicels very small or none, no bracteoles on the pedicels. The Order is chiefly Australian, and two genera entirely so ; a third extends sparingly over the Indian Archipelago, the Pacific Islands, and tropical Africa; and there is a fourth monotypic tropical American genus. The affinity of this Order with Verbenaceas is so striking that some 1154 XCIV. MYOPOEINE^E. have proposed uniting the two, but the superior radicle has, on examination, proved so constant a distinction, that I have followed Brown and others in maintaining the two as separate Orders. The three genera, very distinct as to the majority of their species, run so much into one another, through intermediate species with the characters differently combined, that it is impossible to ascribe to them any absolute limits. — Benth. Corolla usually campanulate, nearly regular, rarely shortly cylindrical at the base. Ovary usually 2 to 4 or more celled, with 1 ovule in each cell, rarely 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell 1. Myoporum. Corolla usually tubular at the base, with a more or less irregular limb. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 or rarely 1 ovule in each cell 2. Pholidia. Corolla usually tubular at the base, with a more or less irregular limb. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 or 3 superposed pairs, or rarely 1 pair only of ovules in each cell 3. Eremophila. 1. MYOPORUM, Banks and Soland. (Myo, to shut ; and poros, a pore.) (Polycoelium and Disoon, DC.) Calyx divided to the middle or nearly to the base into 5 lobes or segments not enlarged after flowering. Corolla-tube usually short and almost campanulate or shortly cylindrical at the base, lobes 5, nearly equal and regular, or the lowest rather larger. Stamens 4, alternating with the lower lobes, or rarely 5, all nearly equal, and scarcely protruding or shortly exserted. Ovary 2- to 4-celled, or in species not Australian 5- or G-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell, or rarely 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Drupe usually small, but more or less succulent. — Trees, shrubs or prostrate plants. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire or toothed. Pedicels axillary, usually clustered. Flowers small, mostly white. The genus is also represented by a few species in the Indian Archipelago and the Pacific islands, and by one species in tropical Africa. Sect. I. — Eumyoporum.— Calyx small, narroiv. Ovary 2 to 4- celled , with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit globular or ovoid , not compressed. Erect or divaricate shrubs. Corolla more or less bearded inside, or rarely quite glabrous, lobes usually shorter than the tube. Perfect stamens 4. Leaves acute or acuminate, entire or very rarely slightly serrate. . 1. M. acuminatum. Erect shrubs. Leaves lanceolate or linear, entire. Corolla not bearded at the throat. Stamens 5. Corolla 2 to 3 lines long. Fruit 2-celled 2. .1/. deserti. Corolla 4 to 5 lines long. Fruit 4-celled 3. M. laxijlorum. Sect. II. — Disoon. — Calyx small, narrow. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell Fruit compressed. Fruit very fiat, acute (about 3 lines long). Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, entire or scarcely toothed, 1 J to 3 in. long 4. .V. platycarpum. Sect. III. — Chamaepog’onia.— Calyx-segments herbaceous. Ovary 2 celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. F'rnit someichat compressed. Calyx-segments 2 to 4-lines long 5. M. debile. 1. 1VE. acuminatum (pointed leaves), B. Br. Prod. 515, Bentli. H. Austr. v. 3. “ Mee-Mee,” Stradbroke, Watkins. An erect glabrous shrub, exceedingly variable in stature, breadth of leaves, and size of flowers. Leaves alternate, in the common forms varying from elliptical-oblong, to lanceolate or linear, more or less acuminate, much contracted towards the base, quite entire, and H to 3 in. long, but sometimes the broader ones almost obovate and rather obtuse, or all smaller, or very rarely a few of the leaves marked here and there with a few distant teeth. Pedicels 2 to 4 lines long, in axillary clusters of 2 to 4 or rather more, or rarely solitary. Calyx-tube very short, segments narrow, acute, rather rigid, rarely above 1 line long. Corolla almost campanulate, about 3 to 4 lines long, the lobes nearly equal, spreading, rather shorter, or sometimes much Myoporum .] XCIV. MYOPOKINEjE. 1155 shorter than the tube, more or less bearded inside as well as the tube, the hairs sometimes almost disappearing from the lobes. Stamens 4 without any rudiment of the fifth in the numerous flowers examined, although such a rudiment has been observed by others ; anthers very shortly protruding. Ovary most frequently 4-celled, but occasionally with only 3 or 5 cells and ovules. Drupe nearly globular, 2 to 3 lines diameter, or rarely larger. Hab.: Common along the coast from Cape Upstart, M’Gillivray, to Moreton Cay, A. Cunningham and others. This truly polymorphous species has been subdivided i..to several races, or supposed species, of which the following are the most marked : — 1. ellipticum. Leaves rather broad and scarcely acuminate. Flowers moderate sized. — M. ellipticum, It. Br. Prod. 515; A. DC. Prod. xi. 707. 2. acuminatum. Leaves rather broad, acuminate, mostly 3 to 4 in. long. Flowers larger than in M. ellipticum. — .V, acuminatum, E. Br. Pro!. 515; A. DC. Prod. xi. 707. — Barnard and Frankland islands, M'Gillivray ; Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, !<’, v. Mueller and others ; F. v. M. Myop. t. 71 ; Pogonia glabra, Andr. Bot. liep. t. 283; Andreusia glabra, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 108, although figured with 5 equal stamens, is probably this form Wood of a light colour, firm and easily worked. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. 1 Voods. No. 295. 3. parviflorum. Leaves of the typical form, or rather smaller and narrow. Flowers smaller, the beard of the corolla copious or rare, or sometimes none at all. — .1/. tenuifolium It. Br, Prod. 515; Keppel and Shoalwater Bays, etc., B. Brown; islands of the coast,. M’Gillivray, F. v. Mueller and others; Rockingham Bay and Rockhampt n, Dallachy and others ; Moreton Bay and other parts of the coast, A. Cunningham. 4. angustifolium. Leaves narrow-lanceolate or almost linear, but on longer petioles and more acute than in M. deserti, the lobes of the corolla sometimes almost, or even quite glabrous, but often much bearded, and the upper stamen wanting for small and abortive?) — .V. montanum, R. Br. Prod. 515; A. DC. Prod. xi. 708; M. Cunninghamii. Benth in Hueg. Enum. 78 ; A. DC. l.c. 707 ; M. cyanantlierum and M. Dampieri, A. Cunn. in A. DC. l.e. 708, F. v. M. Myop. t. 69. Chiefly in the interior to Cooper’s Creek. Has been suspected of causing the death of sheep. 2. XVI, desarti (a desert shrub), A. Cunn.; Benth. in Huey. Enum. 73, Benth. hi. Austr. v. 5. An erect, glabrous shrub, nearly resembling the narrow- leaved varieties of M. acuminatum, but the leaves still narrower, linear or linear- lanceolate, acute or almost obtuse, entire, rather thick, 1 to 2 in. long, and nar- rowed into a very short petiole. Pedicels often several together, rather thick, and almost always remarkably recurved. Calyx and corolla about the size of the smaller-flowered varieties of M. acuminatum, but the corolla very regular, with- out any or with scarcely any hairs in the throat. Stamens 5, all equal, the anthers not exserted. Ovary 2-celled or very rarely 3-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit ovoid 2 to 3 lines long, not compressed, usually with 2 cells and seeds. — A. DC. Prod. xi. 707 ; F. v. M. Myop. PI. t. 63 ; M. strictum and M. patens, A. Cunn. in A. DC. Prod. xi. 703; M. dulce, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 331 ; M. rwjulosum, F. v. M. in Linntea, xxv. 427. Hab.: Burdekin river, F. v. Mueller ; Belyando and Balonne rivers, Mitchell; Nerkool Creek Bowman ; Darling Downs, Law. Considered poisonous to stock ; there are mai*y instances recorded where the losses have amounted to some thousands. 3. IVI. laxiflorum (loose flowers), Benth. FI. Austr. v. 6. An erect shrub, closely allied to M. deserti, with the foliage and habit of the broader leaved forms of that species, differing chiefly in the larger flowers. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, acute, contracted into a short petiole. Pedicels solitary or 2 or 3 together, often ^ in. long. Calyx-lobes rather longer than in M. deserti. Corolla fully 5 lines long, the lobes bearded inside at the base or nearly glabrous. Stamens 5, all equal, included in the tube. Ovary 2-celled, with one ovule in each cell. Drupe succulent, with a hard putamen, not compressed. — F. v. M. Myop. PI. t. 67 ; Eremophila Myoporoides, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 23. Hab.: Cape river, Bowman; Rockhampton, Thozet. 1156 XCIV. MYOPORINE.E. [Myoporum, 4. IVI. platycarpum (broad fruit), II. Br. Prod. 516 ; Bentli. Ft. Austr. v. 7. A tall shrub, or small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, or with a few small distant teeth in the upper part, If to 3 in. long, rather thick, contracted into a short petiole. Pedicels often 6 or more in the axils, 1 to 2 lines long. Calyx not f line long, acutely lobed. Corolla more or less bearded inside at the throat, sometimes scarcely 2 lines long with the stamens included, in other specimens twice as large with exserted stamens. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Fruit ovate or ovate-oblong, acute, much flattened, about 3 lines long. — A. DC. Prod. xi. 711 ; F. v. M. Myop. PI. t. 60. Hab.: Inland localities. From 20 grams of resin Dr. Lauterer obtained 2-4 grams of picric acid. 5. IVI. debile (weak), B. Br. Prod. 516 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 8 ; “Arnulla,” Rockhampton, Thozet. A low glabrous shrub, with a thick stock and decumbent or ascending stems, attaining sometimes 2 ft. or more, the branches often glandular-tuberculate. Leaves alternate, very shortly petiolate, or nearly sessile, elliptical oblong or lanceolate, entire or with a few small distant acute teeth, and often one or two larger ones on each side near the base, If to 3 or even 4 in. long. Pedicels solitary in the axils or in pairs, rarely so long as the calyx. Calyx-segments linear but leaf-like, acute, 3 to 4 lines long. Corolla pink or purplish, the tube about as long as the calyx, the lobes not half so long, more or less bearded inside at the base. Stamens included in the tube. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 collateral ovules in each cell. Fruit ovoid, somewhat compressed, 3 to 4 lines long, often furrowed on each side, 2-celled. Seeds either 2 in each cell more or less separated by an imperfect dis- sepiment, or more frequently solitary by the abortion of the other ovule.— Bot. Mag. t. 1830, A. DC. Prod. xi. 711; F. v. M.. Myop. PI. t. 61 ; Poyonia debilis, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 212; Andreusia debilis, Vent. Jard. Malm, under n. 108 ; Myoporum diffusum, R. Br. Prod. 516, A. DC. Prod. xi. 711 ; Capraria calycina, A. Gray, in Proe. Amer. Acad. vi. 49; Benth. FI. Austr. above, iv. 503. Hab.: Keppel and Shoalwater Bays and Broadsound, B. Brown ; Dawson river, Brisbane river, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller; Bockhampton, Dallachy and others; Ne'kool Cre.k, Connor’s river, Bowman ; Darling Downs, Lau. Has been suspected of poisonous qualities. 2. PHOLIDIA, R. Br. (Pseudopholidia, A. DC.; Sentis. Duttonia and Pholidiopsis, F. v. M.) Calyx divided to the base, with 5 or rarely 4 segments, often unequal, some- what dilated and much imbricate at the base, acuminate, not enlarged after flowering. Corolla-tube shortly cylindrical at the base, expanded into an obliquely campanulate throat, the limb of five spreading lobes, not very unequal, the 2 upper ones usually rather more united. Stamens 4, didynamous, usually exserted from the corolla-tube, but shorter than the lobes. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules, or very rarely only 1 in each cell ; style usually longer than in Myoporum, and hooked at the end. Fruit a dry or rarely succulent drupe, 2-celled, or more or less perfectly 4-celled, with 1 seed in each cell. — Shrubs. Leaves alternate scattered or irregularly opposite, entire or toothed. Flowers axillary, solitary and sessile, or on very short pedicels (except in P. santalina). The genus is limited to Australia. In the typical forms it differs from Myoporum in the more perfectly divided calyx, the shape of the corolla, the more didynamous stamens, as well as in the ovary and fruit and inflorescence, but Myoporum debile has the ovary of Pholidia. From Eremophila , Pholidia differs in the more regular corolla, the calvx-segments never enlarged after flowering, the stamens not exserted, the ovules never superposed in each half ceil, and the fruit not separating into 1-seeded nuts as in the section Eremocosmos, nor so succulent as in Stenochilus, but none of the latter characters are constant through all the species of Eremophila, and the fruits of some species are as yet unknown. The distinction between Pholidia and Eremophila is not, therefore, more definite than that between Pholodia and Myoporum. — Benth. Pholiilia.] XCIV. MYOPORINEjE. 1157 Leaves opposite, narrow-linear, J to 1 in. long, almost scaly, recurved at the end 1 . P. Dalyana. Leaves alternate, linear, entire. Branches divaricate, often spiuescent. Fruit beaked 2. P. divaricata. Leaves alternate, narrow-lanceolate, above 1 in. long. Pedicels about £ in. long 3. P. santaliim. 1. P. Dalyana (after Sir D. Daly), F. v. M., Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 10. Branches minutely tuberculose. Leaves narrow-linear, with an acute recurved apex, usually f to lin. long. Flowers yellowish, solitary in the axils, on pedicels of 8 to 4 lines. Calyx-segments about 1 line long. Corolla about lin. long, lobes pubescent on the upper part. Filaments glabrous. Ovary densely villous. Fruit conical, 4-celled. — Eremopliila Dalyana, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 22 ; Myop. PI. t. 41. Hab.: Towards Cooper’s Creek. 2. P. divaricata (divaricate), F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 201, and Trans. Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 47 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 14. An erect shrub of several feet, with divaricate branches, sometimes spinescent and quite glabrous, or with a line of short hairs above each leaf. Leaves linear or linear-cuneate, obtuse, narrowed at the base, rarely above ^ inch long and often smaller, usually drying black. Flowers purple or white, often spotted, solitary and nearly sessile in the axils. Calyx-segments 4 or 5, broad at the base, acuminate, slightly pubes- cent or ciliate, about 2 to 2^ lines long. Corolla densely stellate-pubescent out- side, under ^ in. long, the cylindrical base shorter than the 'calyx, the throat obliquely campanulate, the middle lower lobe rather larger and broader than the others and very hairy inside, the hairs continued to the base of the tube as in most Pholidias, the 2 upper lobes shortly united. Filaments hairy at the base. Ovary glabrous, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Ripe fruit ovoid at the base, tapering into a beak, the whole about 4 lines long, more or less perfectly 4-celled, with 1 seed in each cell. Sends rhynchocarpa, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 48, vi. 150 ; Eremopliila divaricata, F. v. M. in Trans. R. Soc. Tastn. iii. 293 ; Myop. PI. t. 55. Hab.: Inland southern localities. 3. P. santalina (like a Santalum), F. v. M. ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 15. An erect glabrous shrub of several feet, slightly glandular- verrucose. Leaves narrow lanceolate, acuminate, entire, narrowed into a rather long petiole, rather thick 1J to 2 in. long. Flowers white, solitary in the axils, on pedicels usually of about | in., thickened under the flower. Calyx-segments narrow, acuminate, not 2 lines long, imbricate at the base. Corolla-tube with the cylindrical part nearly as long a3 the calyx, the upper part broad-, about 3 lines long, glabrous inside or nearly so, the lobes scarcely 2 lines long, the 4 upper ones ovate, spread- ing, with short recurved points or almost obtuse, the 2 uppermost of them ascending, the middle lower lobe twice as broad as the others. Stamens included, didynamous. Ovary glabrous, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Drupe suc- culent, the putamen more or less perfectly 4-celled, with 1 seed in each cell, or more frequently reduced by abortion to 1 or 2 cells and seeds. — Pholidiopsis san- talina, F. v. M. in Linmea, xxv. 429 ; Eremopliila santalina, F. v. M. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 295 ; Myop. PI. t. 54. Hab.: Cape York Peninsula. This species differs from all others of the genus in its elongated pedicels, like those of Myoporum ; they are, however, solitary, and the calyx, corolla, and ovary are those of Pholidia rather than of Myoporum or Eremopliila — Ilenth. Wood of a light-brown colour, grain close.— Dailey's Cat. Ql. 1 foods No. 295 Bis. 1158 XC1V. MYOPORINEiE. 3. EREMOPHILA, R. Br. (Desert shrubs). (Stenocbilus, P. Br.; Eremodendron, DC.) Calyx divided to the base into 5 segments or rarely 5-lobed, often but not always enlarged after flowering. Corolla-tube usually broad from the base or constricted above the ovary, more or less elongated and incurved, very rarely with the cylindrical base of Pholidia, the limb oblique or 21ipped, 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, often exserted. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 or 3 superposed pairs of ovules in each cell, of which, however, the lower pairs remain usually unfecundated, or in a very few species only one pair in each cell at the time of flowering. Style filiform. Fruit, where known, a dry or succulent drupe, the putamens separating into 4 1-seeded pyrenes, or 4-celled with one seed in each cell, or fewer cells and seeds by abortion. — Shrubs. Leaves alternate or scattered. Flowers solitary, or in a few species several together in the axils, usually pedicel- late, without bracts. * The genus is limited to Australia. As will be seen by the above character, there is no positive combination of characters to separate it from Pholidia. being connected with that genus, as Pholidia is with Myoporum. by exceptional species. The habit is, however, different, and there are always either the superposed ovules or the enlarged fruiting calyx, and often the succulent fruit, to distinguish Eremophila. Sect. I. Eriocalyx. — Calyx-segineitts not overlapping, thick and soft, densely tomentose, not becoming scariaus after flowering. Ovary with two pairs of ovules in each cell. Flowers nearly sessile. Leaves orbicular to lanceolate, short, pubescent or tomentose. Corolla and ovary glabrous, lobes obtuse. Stamens included . . . 1. E. Bowmanii. Corolla pubescent outside, style glabrous 2. E.strongylopliylla. Sect. II. Eremocosmos. — Calyx-segments not at all or scarcely overlapping at the base, more or less enlarged, veined, and scarious after dowering. Ovary with 2 fo 4 pairs of ovules in each cell Fruit (where known) dry, the endocarp separating into distinct pyrenes. Enlarged calyx-segments more or less cuneate and obtuse. Leaves linear or linear-la ceolate. Corolla lobes obtuse. Stamens in- cluded or shortly exserted. Ovary very woolly, with 2 io 4 pair of ovules to each cell, Leaves narrow, linear 3. E. Sturtii. Leaves linear-lanceolate 4. E. Uitclielli. Enlarged calyx-segments ob'ong or lanceolate, acute. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. Corolla upper lobes rather acute. Stamens exserted 5. E. Latrobei. Sect. III. Platycalyx. — Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed. Flowers and fruit of Platychilus. Single species 6. E. Macdonellii. Sect. IV. Platychilus. — Calyx-segments much imbricate at the base, the outer ones usually broader. Corolla-lobes all broad and obtuse, or the upper ones scarcely acute. Stamens included or scarcely exserted. Ovules in 2 or 3 pairs in each cell. Fruit of Stenochilus Calyx-segments small or narrow and acute, not enlarged after flowering. Corolla tube much enlarged upwards. Leaves long, linear or lanceolate . 7. E. longifolia. Calyx-segments ovate or lanceolate, acute, not exceeding 3 lines in flower, nor much enlarged afterwards. Plants very g'abrous, often drying blue. Very divaricately branched. Leaves narrow-linear. Corolla-tube very broad and enlarged from the base .8. E. polyclada. Moderately spreading. Leaves lane olate or linear-lanceolate, usually long. Corolla-tube broad and enlarged from the base 9. E.bignoniaeflora. Calyx-segments lanceol ite or the outer ones ovate, 3 to C lines long. Plant hoary- tomentose or at length glabrous 10. E. Freelingii. Eremophila.] XCIV. MYOPORINEiE. 1159 Calyx-segments broad-lanceolate, 4 to G lines long, more or less hirsute. Leaves linear-lanceolate . . - 11. E. Goodwinii. Leaves obovate or oblong, serrulate ... 12. E. Willsii. Sect. Y. Stenochilus. — Calyx-segments imbricate at the base, usually enlarged after flowering. Corolla 4-upper lobes short and acute, the fifth loicest more deeply separated and sometimes narrow. Stamens exser ted. Ovules 2 or 3 pairs, nr rarely only 1 pair in each cell. Drupe succulent, with a thick bony putamen not separating into nuts. Peduncles usually shorter than the calyx, not flexuose. Calyx-segments lanceolate, small in flower and not much enlarged after- wards. Leaves linear or lanceolate, hoary tomentose or at length glabrous . . 13. E. Brownii. Peduncles longer than the calyx, very spreading, usually flexuose. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, entire. Ovules, 2 pairs in each cell. Lowest corolla-lobe obtuse. Calyx much enlarged after flowering . . 14. E. Duttonii. Lowest corolla-lobe acute. Calyx-segments acute scarcely enlarged, after flowering . . . 15. E. maculata. 1. E. Bowmanii (after Edward Bowman), F. v.M. Fragm. ii. 139 ; Benth.Fl. Austr. v. 18. Densely clothed with a white or hoary tomentum, either short and close or looser and plumose. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, rather thick, entire, contracted at the base but scarcely petiolate, tomentose on both sides, the midrib prominent undeneath, under £ in. long when broad, nearly 1 in. when narrow. Flowers blue, solitary, on pedicels of 3 to 6 lines. Calyx-segments 5 to 7 lines long, oblong-linear, rather obtuse, tomentose on both sides, rather unequal, but scarcely imbricate. Corolla glabrous outside, about 1 in. long, the tube slightly contracted above the ovary, then broad, the lobes broad and obtuse, the middle lower one rather narrower than the others. Stamens included. Ovary glabrous, narrow, with 2 pairs of ovules to each cell. Fruit pointed, the lower half ribbed, upper part smooth. — F. v. M. Myop. PI. t. 18. Hab.: Southern inland localities. 2. K. strongylophylia (round-leaved), F. v. M. Fragm. x. 87, and Myop PI. t. 23. Plant hoary-tomentose, sprinkled with articulate hairs. Leaves orbi-. cular, mostly between 4 and 8 lines, entire, on short broad petioles. Flowers almost sessile. Calyx 4 to 6 lines long, segments linear-lanceolate acute, pube- scent towards the top inside. Corolla about fin. long, almost violet, pubescent outside, and woolly-bearded at the throat, lateral-lobes ovate, middle-lobe rotund, the upper ones almost deltoid. Stamens included. Style glabrous. The young fruit hairy, oval, crowned by the long flexuose style. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. Mueller. 3. E. SSturtii (after Capt. Charles Sturt), E. Br. App. Sturt. E.rped. 22 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 21. An erect very much branched strong-scented and viscid shrub or small tree, glabrous or very minutely hoary-pube- scent. Leaves narrow linear, usually ending in a hooked point, entire, con- tracted at the base and often petiolate, rarely above 1 in. long. Flowers pur- plish, numerous but solitary in each axil, on pedicels of 3 to 4 lines. Calyx-seg- ments obovate or oblong, membranous and rather rigid, obtuse, coloured and veined, rather variable in shape and size but usually attaining 4 or 5 lines when the flowering is over. Corolla pubescent, about | in. long, the narrow base of the tube short, the upper part broadly campanulate, bearded inside, the 4 upper lobes short broad and obtuse, the 2 uppermost more united than the others, the middle lowest lobe larger and broader than the others, notched or 2-lobed and woolly inside. Stamens included. Ovary very villous with 2 or 3 pairs of ovules to each cell. Fruit like that of E. MitcJtelli but not so acuminate. — F. v. M. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294 and Rep. Babb. Exp. 17 ; Myop Pi. t. 27. Hab.: Cunnamulla and other southern inland localities towards Cooper’s Creek. Part IV. K 1160 XC1V. MYOPORINEiE. [Eremophila. Wood of a grey colour, scentless, hard, close-grained and nicely marked. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 295a. The species scarcely differs from E. Mitchelli, except in its smaller flower and narrower leaves and scentless wood. 4. £, Mitchelli (after Sir Thos. Mitchell), Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 31 > FI. Austr. v. 21. Scented Sandalwood. A tall shrub or small tree of 10 to 30 ft., glabrous viscid and strongly-scented. Leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse or with a hooked point, entire, contracted into a petiole, 1-nerved, 1 to 2 in. long. Flowers solitary in the axils, on pedicels of 3 to 4 lines. Calyx-segments oblong or cuneate-oblong, obtuse, membranous, veined, glabrous or pubescent on the edges, 4 to 5 lines long. Corolla about f in. long, the cylindrical part of the tube about 2 lines, the broad part above twice as long, the middle lower lobe broader than the others, shortly 2-lobed, woolly inside. Stamens shorter than the corolla. Ovary very woolly, with 3 or 4 superposed pairs of ovules in each cell. Fruit ovoid, almost acumi- nate, half as long as the calyx, the exocarp thin and membranous, the endocarp separating into 4 nuts each with 1 or with 2 superposed seeds. — F. v. M. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294, Rep. Babb. Exped. 17, and Myop. PI. t. 25. Hab.: Elevated stony lands on the Bogan, Narran, Maranoa, Belyando, &c., Mitchell; Port Denison, Fitzalan, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, Thozet and others ; Suttor River, Fitzalan, Sutherland; Armadilla, Barton ; Darling Downs, Lau. Wood for a short distance in from the bark white, all the rest of a brown colour, hard and close in grain, prettily marked and fragrant ; useful for cabinet work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 296. 5. E. Ziatrobei (after ex-Governor Latrobe of Viet.), F. r. M. in Proc. 7?. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294, Ecp. Babb. E.vped 17, and Fra pm. i. 125, t. 8 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 22. An erect much-branched shrub, attaining 10 ft., more or less clothed with a close hoary minutely stellate tomentum, rarely almost glabrous, usually also glandular - tuberculate. Leaves linear or narrow-lanceolate, flat or with recurved margins, obtuse or rarely acute, entire, contracted into a short petiole, w to 1 in. long or rather more. Pedicels solitary, rarely exceeding \ in. Calyx-segments lanceo- late, acute, nor at all or scarcely overlapping at the base, under £ in. long when in flower, attaining sometimes f in. in fruit. Corolla about 1 in. long spotted, glabrous outside, the tube broad incurved not contracted above the ovary, the lobes almost acute, the 4 upper ones erect and nearly equal, the lowest often shorter and separated to near the middle of the corolla. Stamens exserted. Ovary glabrous, narrow-conical, with 2 pairs of ovules to each cell. Drupe nearly dry, ovoid-conical, 4 to 5 lines long, readily splitting into 2 or 4 at the top, the endocarp sometimes readily separating into 4 nuts. — F. v. M. Myop. PI. t. 31 ; E. tuberculata, F v. M. in Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294. Hab.: Cunnamnlla, Dr. T. L. Bancroft ; Georgina River, Bailey ; Suttor, Burdekin and Mackenzie Rivers, F. v. Mueller. The corolla approaches that of Stenochilus, but the calyx and fruit are those of Eremocosmos. — Benth. 6. E. Macdonnellii (after Sir Richard G. Macdonnell, an ex-Governor of S. A.), F. v. M. Ptep. Babb. E.vped. 18, Benth. FI. Austr. v. 22. A branching shrub apparently diffuse, sometimes quite glabrous, more frequently clothed with a hoary or white close stellate or plumose tomentum, or with long spreading hairs, or with both. Leaves oblong-linear or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, contracted at the base but scarcely petiolate, rarely above i in. long. Pedicels solitary, J to above \ in. long. Calyx campanulate, with acute or acuminate lobes about as long as the tube, which is sometimes prominently angled and membranous, some- times more herbaceous and tomentose without prominent ribs, the whole calyx varying from 4 to 8 or even 9 lines long. Corolla bluish, glabrous outside, 1 to 1§ in- long, the tube not constricted above the ovary and much dilated Eremophila.] XCIV. MYOPOKINEiE. 1161 upwards, the lobes all broad and nearly | in. long, the upper ones more united, the three lower more spreading, the lowest rather broader than the others but not notched. Stamens included. Ovary narrow, glandular-dotted and tipped with a few hairs, with 2 pairs of ovules in each cell. Fruit very succulent, ovoid acute, twice as long as the enlarged calyx. — F. v. M. Myop. PI. t. 1. Hab.: Towards Cooper’s Creek ; Bulloo and Diamantina, Dr. T. L. Bancroft. The calyx of this species is exceptional in the whole Order of Myoporinefe. 7. E. longifolia (long leaved), F. v. M. in Proc. Pi. Soc. Tasm. iii. 295 ; Benth. FI. Anstr. v. 23. A tall erect shrub, the young shoots minutely hoary- tomentose, the older foliage nearly glabrous and often drying black. Leaves scattered, linear or almost linear-lanceolate, obtuse or tapering into a recurved point, rather thick but flat, 2 to 4 or even 5in. long, contracted into a short petiole. Pedicels solitary or 2 together, varying in length from 2 or 3 lines to Tin., stout or slender, erect or spreading. Calyx-segments triangular or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, rarely 2 lines long, united at the base and scarcely overlapping, usually woolly-ciliate on the margins. Corolla velvety pubescent outside, a to 1 in. long, the tube gibbous at the base, contracted over the ovary, the remainder much dilated and slightly incurved, the lobes all ovate and obtuse the two uppermost rather smaller and the lowest often but not always more deeply separated than the others. Stamens shortly exserted. Ovary thick and fleshy, with 2 pairs of ovules in each cell. Fruit ovoid or globular, very succulent, with a thick hard putamen, completely 4-celled and not separating into pyrenes. — F. v. M. Myop. PI. t. 13 ; Stenocliilus longifoliust, R. Br. Prod. 517 and App. Sturt. Exped. 23 ; A. DC. Prod. xi. 714 ; S. salicinus, Benth. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 251 and S. pubiflorus, Benth. 1. c. 273. Hab.: Suttor River, F. v. Mueller, Boivman (the latter with smaller flowers and fruit), Sutherland; Belyando River, Mitchell; Armadilla, Barton; Darling Downs, I.au. 8. E> polyclada (much branched), F. v. M. in Proc. Pi. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294, Benth. FI. Austr. v. 24. A glabrous shrub of 4 to 8 feet, with very divaricate rigid intricate branches, the smaller ones almost spinescent, the specimens usually drying black. Leaves mostly very spreading, distant, linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, narrowed at the base, 1 to 2 in. long. Pedicels solitary, often recurved, 2 to 4 lines long. Calyx-segments much imbricate, broad, obtuse, or acuminate, with spreading or recurved points. Corolla glabrous outside, f to 1 in. long, the tube broad, almost campanulate, gradually enlarged from the base and not contracted above the ovary, the lobes all very broad, the 2 upper ones more united and the middle lower one twice as broad as the others and emarginate, the whole corolla bearded inside especially under the upper lobes. Stamens scarcely exserted from the tube, shorter than the lobes. Ovary oblong, glabrous, with 2 pairs of ovules to each cell. Fruit tapering into a beak exceeding the calyx. — F. v. M. Myop. PI. t. 16, Pholidia jmlyclada, F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ, viii. 201, and in Trans. Phil. Soc. Yict. i. 47. Hab.: Desert on the Suttor, F. v. Mueller, Sutherland ; Cape River, Bowman ; Curriwillinghi, Dalton; Bulloo River, J. F. Bailey. A common inland swamp plant. The species is nearly allied to E. hignonice.flora, differing chiefly in the narrow leaves and tapering ovary and fruit. 9. E. bignoniaeflora (Bignonia-flowered), F. v. M. in Proc. B. Soc. Tasm. iii. 294, and PI. Viet. ii. t. 55 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 25. “ Quirramurrah,” Bulloo River, J. F. Bailey. A strong-scented tall shrub or small tree, quite glabrous and often glutinous. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, contracted into a short petiole, 2 to 6in. long, long. Pedicels solitary, \ to Mn. long, more or less flattened, often recurved, but not turned up again. Calyx segments imbricate at the base, ovate, obtuse or 1162 XCIV. MYOPORINEiE. [F rentophila rarely acute, thickened in the middle, 2 to 3 lines long. Corolla glabrous outside, about lin. long, scarcely contracted above the ovary, the tube gradually enlarged from the base, the lobes all broad and short, the 2 uppermost more united, the lowest twice as broad as the others and 2-lobed. Stamens shortly exerted from the tube but shorter than the corolla-lobes. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 pairs of ovules to each cell. Drupe ovate, acute, Mn. long or more, succulent, the putamen hard and bony, more or less completely 4-celled. — F. v. M. Myop PI. t. 15 ; Stenochilus bignoniajlorus, Benth. in. Mitch. Trop. Austr. 386. Hab.: Balonne River, Mitchell ; Suttor River, Bowman, Sutherland; Rockhampton, Herb. F. Mueller ; Georgina and other inland localities. Wood of a yellowish-brown, close in grain, prettily marked and fragrant ; useful for cabinet work. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 297. Supposed poisonous to stock. 10. 23. Treelingii (after Captain Freeling), F. v. M. in Proc. Ii. Soc. Tasm. iii. 295 ; Benth. El. Austr. v. 25. An erect shrub, more or less hoary-tomentose and glutinous or the foliage at length glabrous. Leaves crowded, lanceolate, acute, entire, contracted into a rather long petiole, f to l|in. long. Peduncles solitary, mostly 2 to 3 lines long. Calyx-segments much imbricate, ovate or lanceolate, rather acute or acuminate, not dilated upwards, the outermost usually much broader and larger than the inner ones. Corolla above lin. long, pubescent outside, the tube constricted above the ovary, then enlarged, the 4 upper lobes rather broad and acute, the 2 uppermost more united than the others, the middle lower lobe broader and obtuse. Stamans included. Ovary ovoid, with 2 or 3 pairs of ovules in each cell, suspended from short broad flat erect superposed funicles. Drupe conic-oval 4 -celled. — F. v. M. Myop. PI. t. 11. Hab.: Towards Cooper’s Creek. 11. S, CffOOdwinii (after — Goodwin), F. v. M. Bepp. Babb. Exped. 17; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 25. A shrub of several feet, more or less glandular and viscid and often hirsute with spreading hairs which are rarely wanting on the calyxes and pedicels. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, entire, scarcely contracted or even dilated at the base and sessile, the midrid often very prominent underneath, mostly 1 to nearly 2in. long. Pedicels solitary, f to lin. long or even more. Calyx-segments much imbricate, lanceolate, very acute, 4 to 8 lines long, the outer one usually broader and the 2 innermost smaller than the others. Corolla more or less pubescent outside, f to above lin. long, planifolia (leaves flat), F. v. M. hragm. i. 213; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 187. An erect divaricately branched shrub of 2 to 3ft. [Oldfield), the branches and young foliage covered with a soft and dense woolly tomentum which wears off from the older leaves. Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse, contracted into a distinct petiole, f to Jin. long rather thick but flat. Fruiting perianth precisely that of K. villosa, glabrous or tomentose, the wing generally entire, membranous and attaining 5 to 6 lines diameter. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. M. 7. K. sedifolia (Sedum-leaved), F. v. M. in 1 runs. Viet. Inst. 1855, 134, and in Huok.Kew Journ.vni. 205; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 187. A stout very densely branched shrub attaining 2 to 3ft., white or fulvous all over with a rather close dense cottony wool. Leaves oblong-clavate, obtuse, soft thick and often nearly terete, contracted at the base but sessile, mostly 1J to 3 lines long. Flowers rather crowded, often two in the same axil. Flowering perianth globular, densely tomentose, not 1 line diameter. Fruiting perianth of K. villosa, but the wing usually more regularly circular, glabrous or tomentose, expanding to 3 or 4 lines diameter. Styles usually 3. Hab.: Inland localities. 8. K. aphylla (leafless), B. Br. Prod. 409 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 188. A rigid divaricately branched scrubby shrub with rather slender spinescent branches, the whole plant white with a short soft woolly tomentum or becoming at length nearly glabrous. Leaves minute and deciduous, rarely above J line long, although on some luxuriant barren branches they may exceed 1 line, the older branches usually glabrous and leafless. Fruiting perianth entirely that of K. villosa, of which F. v. M. considers this plant as a variety only. Moq. in D.C. Prod, xiii. ii. 131 ; F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 55. Hah,; Armadilla, If'. Barton; and many other inland localities, 1254 CL CHENOPODIACEiE. [Kochia. 9. X. dichoptera (2-winged), F. r. M. Fragm. viii. 37 and 163. Erect, the branches hoary-tomentose. Leaves scattered, about lin. long, narrow- linear, silky-pubescent. Flowers digynous. Fruit wings yellowish, membranous, the horizontal wing almost 1 line broad, quinque-erenate or entire, connate with the longitudinal wing. Fruit slightly 3-ribbed, silky-hairy. Seed depressed, 1 line broad, bright-brown. Hab.: Barcoo and Bowen Downs, F. r. Mueller. 10. X. brachyptera (wings short), F. v. M. 2nd. Gen. Rep. 15 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 189. A prostrate undershrub, spreading to 1ft. or more, with shortly ascending branches, clothed as well as the foliage with long soft spreading hairs, not forming the cottony wool of most species. Leaves alternate, linear, sessile, f to |in. long, flat and thinner than in most species. Flowers small, solitary in the axils, the perianth ovoid with 5 short erect obtuse membranous lobes. Stamens 5. Styles 2, connate at the base. Fruiting perianth about 1^ line diameter including the wings, the tube below the horizontal wing hemispherical, shortly hollowed at the base, with 5 vertical wings adnate to the horizontal one and tapering to the base, the summit very flat, bordered by an exceedingly narrow rather thick horizontal 5-angled wing, the angles very acute, being the small points of the vertical wings. — F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 59 ; Sclerochlamys brachyptera, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vic. ii. 76 ; Echinopsilon brachypterus, F. v. M. Fragm. vii. 13. Hab.: Towards Cooper’s Creek. 11. X. stelligera (starry), F. v. M. Fragm. vii. 13 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 189. A diffuse or procumbent undershrub spreading to 1ft. or more, with numerous rather slender ascending branches not above 6in. high, clothed as well as the young foliage with a white cottony wool wearing off from the older leaves. Leaves alternate, sessile, narrow-linear, erect or spreading, very soft, 1 to 3 lines long. Flowers small, solitary in the axils, but often crowded in woolly leafy tufts at the ends of the branches, the perianth nearly globular, woolly outside, with short lobes about £ line long. Stamens included. Styles 2, rather long, scarcely united at the base. Fruiting perianth nearly 1J line diameter, of a thick hard consistence, the teeth hemispherical, quite smooth, without vertical wings, the basal hollow small, the summit very flat, bordered by a very narrow rather rigid horizontal wing, with 10 to 12 short rigid, equally radiating teeth or points. — Maireana stelligera, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 139 ; Echinopsilon stelligerus, F. v. M. Fragm. vii. 13. Hab.: Maranoa, llev. B. Scortechini. 6. ENCHYL/ENA, E. Br. (Referring to the succulent calyx.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth urceolate, at length depressed-globular, succulent or coriacious, with 5 short broad lobes or teeth connivent and closing over the fruit without any dorsal wings or appendages. Stamens 5 or fewer. Ovary depressed globular. Styles 2 or 3, shortly connate at the base. Fruit depressed-globular, enclosed in the perianth, pericarp membranous. Seed more or less flattened, horizontal ; testa membranous ; embryo horseshoe-shaped or almost annular, enclosing a very scanty albumen. — Undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves linear-terete or linear-lanceolate, entire. Flowers solitary in the axils and sessile, without any or with one or two minute bracts. The genus is limited to Australia. It only differs from Kochia in the fruiting perianth of a thicker consistence and often succulent, without any dorsal wings or appendages. — Bentli. Leaves 1 to 2 lines long. Flowers numerous, mostly crowded in terminal leafy spikes. Perianth not above 1 line diameter 1. F.. microphylla Enchylana.] CL CIIENOPODIACE^E. 1235 Leaves mostly above Jin. long. Flowers distant. Fruiting perianth depressed-globular, about 1J line diameter, quite smooth, with very short teeth ~ 2. E. Fruiting perianth coriaceous, depressed-globular, about 2 lines diameter, the lobes more or less gibbous outside 3. E. tomentosa villosa. 1. E. microphylla (leaves small), Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 128; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 181. A diffuse divaricate (or erect?) shrub, with numerous slender branches, slightly pubescent. Leaves linear-terete, line or rather thick, 1 to 2 lines long. Flowers small, solitary in each axil as in the other species, but numerous and crowded into leafy spikes at or near the ends of the branches. Fruiting perianths f to nearly 1 line diameter, shaped like those of F.. tomentosa, but smaller, thinner (not succulent ?) and slightly angular. Styles usually 2. — Suada tamariscina , Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 239 ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 461. Hab.: Near Mount Kilsyth, Mitchell ; Darling Downs, Lair, and other localities. 2. E. tomentosa (tomeutose), R. Br. Broil. 408; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 181. “ Kooloo-loomoo," Cloncurry, Palmer. A procumbent or divaricately branched undershrub, sometimes with ascending slightly branched stems under 6in. long, sometimes much branched and attaining several feet, the branches hoary or silvery with a close or woolly tomentum, rarely glabrous or nearly so. Leaves linear-terete, entire, rarely above |in. long and some- times under Jin. Flowers all axillary, solitary and sessile and usually distant, with 1 or 2 minute bracts at the base. Perianth small at the time of flowering, 1J line diameter when in fruit and then depressed-globular, •red and succulent when fresh, black when dry and perfectly smooth, the orifice closed by 5 short connivent teeth quite glabrous or minutely ciliate. Stamens very shortly exserted, the anthers very deciduous. Fruit enclosed in the perianth, the pericarp membranous and glabrous or scarcely hairy in the normal state. Styles usually 8 but sometimes 2. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 128 ; Nees in PI. Preiss. i. 635 ; F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 85 ; F. parado.ru, R. Br. Prod. 408 ; Moq. l.c.; F. pubescent, Moq. l.c. (monstrous states, see below). Hab.: Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller '. Bokhara Creek, Leichhardt ; Rockhampton. O’Stianesij ; Suttor Kiver, Bowman ; Armadilla, IV. Burton -, Darr River, IF. de Burgh- Birch ; Diamantina, Br. Thos. L. Bancroft. Var. ? leptophylla. Leaves very slender. Perianths very small. — Near Gainsford, Bowman. — Perhaps a distinct species, but the specimens are very small — Benth, Var glabra. Stems and leaves quite glabrous. — Bay of Inlets, Banks and Solan dcr ; Brisbane River, F. v. Mueller ; Cooper’s Creek, Wheeler (F. v. M.). Besides the woolly globular galls to which this species is liable (like those of the Korhia villosa and other Chenopodiacese), it is subject to a monstrosity, apparently caused also by an insect, by which the pericarp becomes densely enveloped in woolly intricate hairs proceeding from near the base and bursting through the apex of the perianth ; whilst the ovary is abortive, and I have sometimes found its place occupied by a small grub. It is this monstrosity in the typical form that is described by Moquin as E. pubescent, and in the glabrous variety constitutes the E. paradoxa, Br.— Benth. Fruit eaten raw. — Palmer. 3. E. villosa (villose), F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. ii. 76 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 182. Stems branching at the base, procumbent or ascending, rarely exceeding 6in., the whole plant or at least the inflorescence villous, or the lower part or nearly all glabrous. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, contracted at the base and sometimes petiolate, rather thick, rarely |in. and often not Jin. long. Flowers in the upper axils but not crowded. Fruiting perianth depressed as in E. tomentosa, but more angular, about 2 lines diameter, coriaceous and not succulent, black when dry, shortly hirsute or rarely glabrous, the lobes connivent and closed over the fruit, larger and deeper than in F. tomentosa ; 2 or 3 outer ones broad and thickened near the apex into 2 obtuse Part IV. Q 1256 CL CHENOPODIACE.®. [Enchylana. angles or lobes, or one of the outer ones irregular, 2 very rarely 3 inner ones flat and triangular with a thickened transverse line at the base outside. Styles 2 (or rarely 3 ?). Fruit and seed of F. tomentosa. Hab.: Armadilla, If". Barton ; and other southern inland localities. This species connects in some measure Enchylana with Kochia, tor the transverse thickening of the perianth-lobes may be regarded as an incipient wing. The names both of E. rillosa and tomentosa are unfortunately selected, as both are sometimes almost if not quite glabrous. — Benth. 7. BABBAGIA, F. v. M. (After H. Babbage.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth urceolate, hard when in fruit, with 4 (or 5 ?) small membranous lobes, and 2 or 3 dorsal membranous stipitate wings more or less vertical. Stamens 4 (or 5 ?). Styles 2, connate at the base. Fruit enclosed in the perianth. Pericarp membranous. Seed horizontal ; testa membranous ; embryo nearly annular, enclosing a mealy albumen, the radicle slightly ascending above the cotyledonar end. — Diffuse glabrous undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves linear, alternate. Flowers solitary in the axils, sessile, without bracts. The genus is limited to Australia. Leaves linear or oblanceolate. Fruit appendages, wings semi circular contracted into a thick base 1. B. dipterocarpa. Leaves almost semi-cylindric. Fruit appendages, not membranous, rhomboid or obovate-cunate 2. B. scleroptera. Leaves oblong, semi-cylindric. Fruit appendages, wings terminal stipitate 3. B. acroptera. 1. B. dipterocarpa (fruit 2-winged), F. v. M. Hep. Babb. F.sped. 21 ; Benth. FL Austr. v. 192. A small much-branched diffuse undershrub or spreading shrub, glabrous except sometimes a slight wool in the axils of the leaves, and more or less glaucous. Leaves linear or oblanceolate, thick or semi terete, under 3 lines long, often crowded on the young branches. Fruiting perianth rather more than 1 line long, the hollow base about \ line long and as much diameter, closed under the fruit, the fruit-bearing part depressed-globular, about f line diameter, the broad membranous semicircular wings expanding to about 3 lines diameter, each wing contracted into a thick base- and placed obliquely or verti- cally with reference to the perianth, apparently by the torsion of the base. Fruit much depressed. Seeds very flat. — Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1078. Hab.: South-western inland localities towards Cooper’s Creek. 2. B. scleroptera (fruit-wings hard), F. v. M. in Son. Se. Bee. Xor. 1885 Leaves short, almost semi-cylindrical ; axils not distinctly bearded ; the tube of the fruit-calyx turgid, downward smooth, deeply excavated at the base inside, streaked towards the summit, terminated by generally 5 but sometimes fewer rhomboid or obovate-cuneate not membranous appendages. Seed lodged above the middle of the calyx-tube. — F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 38. Hab.: Near the Warrego. — Betelie. This species differs in that its appendages do not reach to the base of the calyx- tube and, are not, or only slightly expanded into a tender membrane. Indeed, it is near to B. acroptera, from which it is distinct in its fruit-calyx being more turgid and not oblique at the base, and producing an augmented number of appendages devoid of any ample terminating membrane.— F. v. ilL, l.c. 3. B. acroptera (winged at top), F. r. M. et late, Trans. Boy. Soc. of Austr. vi. 108, 1883. Leaves oblong, semi-cylindrical ; fruit-calyx above the tubular base turgid, thence produced into two oblique-roundish or broad-cuneate com- pletely terminal and conspicuously stipitated membranous appendages. — F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 39. Hab.: Queensland. F. v. Mueller. — Third Suppl. Cens. Austr. PI. The following, according to Baron Mueller, are the chief characteristics which distinguish this plant from B. dipterocarpa. The narrow hollow base of aged calyx-tube, the more stipitate not renifonn appendages, one of the two being more developed than the other. CL CHENOPODIACEiE. 1257 8. SCLEROL^NA, R. Br. (Referring to the dry, hard covering of the fruit). (Kentropsis, Moq.; Dissocarpus, F. v. Mueller.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth at first nearly glabular, at length turbinate or depressed, somewhat compressed, not succulent and usually hard, with 5 short indexed lobes, and 2 dorsal opposite divergent spines, either both equal or one smaller or scarcely developed. Stamens 5. Styles 2 or rarely 3, connate at the base. Fruit globular or depressed ; pericarp membranous. Seeds usually globular or depressed at tbe base, with a more or less prominent ascending or erect rostellum. Testa membranous. Embryo almost annular, surround- ing a mealy albumen, the radicle ascending above the cotyledonar end into the rostellum of the seed. — Undershrubs or shrubs, either prostrate decumbent or divaricately branched. Leaves alternate, narrow, usually soft and silky-villous or woolly. Flowers sessile in the axils, enveloped in cottony wool or soft hairs. The genus is limited to Australia. It is nearly allied to Anisaeantlia , but the spines of the perianth (which I always find dorsal, not terminating the lob s as described by Moquin) are two only, and the seed is not so distinctly vertical. — Benth. Flowers solitary in the axils. Fruiting perianth 1 to 1J line long and usually as broad, tomentose or nearly glabrous. Leaves narrow-linear, rather acute. Spines 1 to 3 lines long, glabrous or nearly so 1. ,9. (liacantlia. Fruiting perianth 2 lines long, densely covered as well as the spines with long hairs ... 2. ,9. lanicuspis. Fruiting perianth 2 to 3 lines diameter, enveloped in a thick mass of white cottony wool. Spines f to Jin. long 3. ,9. bicornis. Flowers 2 or 3 together united at the base and diverging horizontally ... 4. ,9. biflora. Flowers several together united in a hard globular mass 5. ,9. parado.ra. 1. S. diacantha (spines 2), Benth. FI. Austr. v. 194. A diffuse or prostate undershrub, densely clothed with a soft fulvous or white tomentum more silky on the foliage. Leaves sessile, linear, mostly acute, very soft, sometimes rather thick and J to Jin. long, sometimes longer and narrower, the floral ones not broader. Flowers solitary, the perianth broadly campanulate or almost urceolate, about J line long and f line broad, the lobes very short membranous and slightly indexed, the 2 opposite dorsal spines already long and nearly as deep as the perianth-tube. Anthers 5, half exserted. Styles 2 (or 3 ?) very shortly connate at the base. Fruiting perianth hard, tomentose, depressed and slightly compressed at the top, about 1 line long, and the flat slightly hollow base 1 to 1J line diameter, closed at the orifice, the two opposite dorsal spines diverging or divaricate, nearly equal and varying in the typical form from 1 to nearly 2 lines in length. Seed globular or oblique, with an ascending or erect rostellum. Embryo horizontally annular with an erect radicle. — F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 78 ; Anisaeantlia diacantha, Nees in PI. Preiss. i. 635 ; Kentropsis diacantha, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 138 (both from Moquin’s descr.) ; Anisaeantlia kentropsidea, F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. 1855, 133, and in Hook. Kew. Journ. viii. 204, reduced to A. diacantha in Fragm. vii. 14. Hab.: Cape River, Bowman ; ArmadilJa, IF. Barton ; Box Forest, Leichhardt; and other inland localities. 2. S. lanicuspis (points woolly), F. v. M. ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 195. A low undershrub or shrub, the stems rather stout and not exceeding Gin. densely clothed with a loose cottony wool, more silky and appressed on the leaves. Leaves rather crowded, linear, thick and soft, often above Jin. long, Fruiting perianth similar to that of S. diacantha but rather larger, 1J to 2 lines long and very densely clothed with long silky or woolly hairs, the two dorsal 1258 Cl. CHENOPODIACEiE. [Sclerohnia. opposite spines divergent, nearly equal, 1 to 2 lines long. — F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. HO ; Anisacantlia lanicuspis, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 170 ; Kentropsis eriacantha , F. v. M. l.c. 110. llab.: Stanthorpe and to the border of N.S.W., and other inland localities. 8. S. bicornis (2-horned), Lindl. in Mitch. Three F.xped. ii. 47 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 195. A stout shrub, with divaricate rather thick branches, clothed with a short but soft cottony wool. Leaves very narrow-linear, acute, semiterete, often above lin. long, tomentose when young, becoming glabrous when full grown. Flowers solitary in the axils, the perianth H line long at the time of flowering. Fruiting perianth 2 to 3 lines diameter within the dense white cottony wool which covers it and almost doubles its size, very hard, nearly globular but slightly com- pressed, with 2 rigid divaricate dorsal spines, varying in length from J to J-in. or sometimes nearly fin. Seed horizontal, with a long ascending rostellum. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 123; F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 79; Kentrop&is lanata, Moq. Chenop. Enum. 83, and in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 138 ; Anisacantlia bicornis, F. v. M. Fragm. vii. 14. Hab.: Cumwillinghie, Bowen Downs and many other inland localities. 4. S. biflora (2-flowered), B. Br. Prod. 410 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 196. A procumbent or spreading branching shrub, clothed with a short close cottony wool, rather looser and more silky on the foliage of luxuriant shoots. Leaves sessile, narrow-linear, acute or obtuse, very soft f to I in. long. Flowers 2 or rarely 3 together in the axils, connate at the base and divaricate at a very early stage. Perianth at the time of flowering about f line long and broad, deeply divided into 5 lobes indexed at the end, densely enveloped in cottony wool. Styles 2, connate at the base. Fruiting perianths horizontally diverging from an l continuous with a common very broad hollow base or peduncle of about 1 line, the perianths themselves about H line long, very hard and thick at the base, the orifice nearly closed by the indexed thinner lobes without any or sometimes with 1 or two dorsal minute tubercles or short spines. Pericarp depressed. Seed horizontal or somewhat oblique with an ascending rostellum. Embryo annular with an ascending or erect radicle.— Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 123; F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 61 ; Dissocarpus bidorus, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Vic-t. ii. 75. llab.: On many of the inland Downs. 5. S. paradoxa (paradoxical), It. Ur. Prod. 410; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 196. A decumbent much-branched undershrub, rarely exceeding 1ft., densely clothed with a loose cottony wool. Leaves sessile, narrow-linear, obtuse, soft and woolly or rarely becoming glabrous with age, from under f to nearly iin. long. Flowers in dense axillary clusters, the perianths small, deeply lobed. Styles 2, connate to the middle. Fruiting perianths 10 to 20 together, very hard at the base, connate into a globular cottony or woolly mass of 5 or 6 lines diameter, each perianth with 1 or 2 small dorsal spines shortly protruding from or almost concealed in the wool. Seed nearly globular with a short ascending rostellum ; emb vo forming a complete circle with the radicle turned upwards over the cotyle- don;! r end. — Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 123 ; F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 62. IL.b.: Inland localities. 9. ANISACANTHA, R. P,r. (Referring to the unequal spines of the perianth). Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth urceolate or ovoid, hard when in fruit, obliquely attached at the base, with 4 or 5 short membranous lobes and 3 to 5 dorsal divergent unequal spines, 1 usually much smaller than the others or reduced to a tubercle. Stamens 5 or fewer. Styles 2 or 3, connate at the base Anisacantlia .] CL CHENOPODIACL^. 1250 in a column usually persistent and hardened. Fruit enclosed in the perianth, usually ovoid. Pericarp membranous. Seed vertical, somewhat compressed ; testa membranous ; embryo annular or nearly so, surrounding a mealy albumen, the radicle erect. — Intricately branched shrubs or diffuse undershrubs, glabrous or very rarely villous, especially the young shoots. Leaves linear, alternate, sessile. Flowers solitary in the axils. Fruiting perianths closely sessile and often almost adnate at the base to the stem and to the subtending leaf. Bracts none. The genus is limited to Australia. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, Hat, contracted at the base. Perianth- spines 5 or 4, one often very small 1. A. muricata. Leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate. Perianth-spines 5 2. A. Bircliii. Leaves linear-terete or semiterete. Perianth-spines 3 rarely 4, one sometimes very small, blnubby. Perianth above 1 line long. Smallest spine above 1 line long 3. A. divaricate! . Smallest spine reflexed to a tubercle or rarely nearly 1 line long . . 4. A. bicuspis. Perianth-spines 5, short. Small diffuse undershrub. Perianth under 1 line long b. A. ec/iinopsila. 1. A. muricata (muricate), Moq. Clienop. Enam. 84, and in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 122; Bcnth. FI. Austr. v. 190. Boley-poley. A broad bushy or spreading shrub of 2 or 3ft., with numerous intricate flexuose branches, the typical form quite glabrous and somewhat glaucous, or the young shoots slightly villous. Leaves linear, flat but rather thick, mucronate-acute, contracted at the base, from scarcely above Jin. to nearly lin. long. Fruiting perianth adnate by an oblique base, the hard tube rarely above 1 line long, the membranous lobes short, the dorsal spines 4 or 5, very unequal and spreading, the longest 3 to 6 lines long, the smallest very short, and often the 2 smallest united at the base. — - A. quinquecuspis, F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. 1855, 134, and in Hook. Kew. .Journ. viii. 204. Hab.: Annadilla, IF. Barton; inland Downs country. Var. v illusa. The whole plant, at least in young specimens, softly villous. — A. gracilicuspis, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 170. — Mackenzie Downs, F. v. Mueller. 2. A. Birchii (after C. W. de B. -Birch), F. v. M. Frarpn. viii. 163. The whole plant clothed in a white tomentum. Leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 5 lines long, cuneate at the base. Flowers axillary and sessile, spines 5', seta- ceous, subulate, 2 longer than the others. Style very short ; stigmas 2, capillary, setaceous. Hab.: Bowen Downs, C. IF. de Burgh-Birch, F. v. Mueller ; Muckadilla, Mrs. Geo. Trenouth ; St. George, J. Wedd. 3. A. divaricata (spreading), R. I3r. Prod. 410; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 200. A diffuse or divaricately branched shrub, glabrous and somewhat glaucous like A. muricata, but usually more compact and more densely beset with the prickles of the perianths. Leaves linear-terete, mucronate-acute, often above Jin. long. Fruiting perianth closely sessile with a broad oblique base, 1 to 1J line long, with 3 or 4 very unequal divaricate spines, rather finer than in A. muricata, the longest often Jin. long, but sometimes none above Jin., the smallest only 1 to 2 lines, the fourth when present very slender and small ; lobes of the perianth usually erect, connivent, minutely ciliate. — F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 77 ; A crinacea, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 122 ; A. tricuspis, F. v. M. in Trans. Viet. Inst. 1855, 133, and in Hook, and Kew Journ. viii. 204. Hab.: Suttor River, F. v. Mueller, Bowman; Bokhara Creek, Leichhardt; Darling Downs, Lau. 4. A. bicuspis (2-pointed), F. v. J/. in Trans. Viet. Inst. 1855, 133, ami in Ilook. Ketc. Journ. viii. 204; Bcnth. FI. Austr. v. 200. A rigid stout but com- pactly branched shrub or undershrub, frequently not above Gin. high 1260 • 01. CHENOPODIACEzB. [Anisacantha. and quite glabrous. Leaves linear, semiterete, acute, from Jin. to above Jin. long. Flowers closely sessile and semi-adnate as in the preceding species but longer. Fruiting perianth 2 to 3 lines long, the tube ovoid, very hard, with 3 diverging spines, of which 2 (either equal or unequal) varying from J to lin. long, the third small, sometimes reduced to a tubercle, sometimes 1 line long ; perianth-lobes membranous, obtuse, erect, or indexed. Styles 2, united to above the middle into a hard column. Pericarp usually hardened. Seed obliquely erect with a superior radicle. — F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 73. Hab.: On the inlancUDowns. 5. A. echinopsila (Echinops-like), F. v. 31. Fragm. vii. 14; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 201. A much-branched diffuse or prostrate undershrub, spreading to above lft. diameter, the branches ascending to near 6in., or sometimes the whole plant not exceeding 2 or Bin., glabrous and somewhat glaucous, or very rarely the young shoots slightly pubescent. Leaves narrow-linear, semiterete, mucronate-acute or obtuse, mostly about Jin., rarely 4-in. long. Flowers very small, closely sessile, with an oblique base. Styles 2, united to the middle into a column hardened at the base. Fruiting perianth hard, scarcely 1 line long, the tube often produced below its insertion into a small protuberance or short spur ; lobes 5, short, mem- branous, with 5 dorsal radiating unequal spines slightly connected in a ring round the summit of the tube, the longest rarely above 1 line long. Seed vertical or slightly oblique, with a superior radicle. — F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 69 ; Echinopsilon anisacanthuiiles, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. ii. 76. Hab.: Desert of the Suitor, F. v. Mueller ; Crocodile Creek, Bowman ; Rockhampton, O'Shanesy. 10. THRELKELDIA, R. Br. (After Dr. C. Threlkeld). (Osteocarpus, F. v. Muell.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth urceolate or cylindrical, hard when in fruit, with 4 or 5 short membranous lobes, without any dorsal appendages or in one species with 5 small erect spines. Stamens 5 or fewer. Styles 2 or 3, connate at the base. Fruit enclosed in the perianth, more or less depressed. Pericarp membranous. Seed horizontal, oblique or vertical. Testa membranous ; embryo annular or nearly so, surrounding a mealy albumen ; radicle ascending or level with the cotyledonar end or descending. — Diffuse procumbent or trailing undershrubs, quite glabrous or in one species scabrous. Leaves narrow, alternate. Flowers solitary in the axils, closely sessile, but not obliquely adnate as in Anisacantha. Bracts none. The genus is limited to Australia. It has the hard perianth of Scleroltcna and Anisacantha, but has either no spines or (in one species) very short erect ones, and differs moreover from the former in the want of any cottony wool, and from the latter in the seed. If, however, slight differences in the perianth and seed are taken into account, the species might be regarded as forming genera. — Benth. Perianth with a lavge hollow base below the fruit. Perianth 1 to 14 line long, with 5 small dorsal erect spines. Seed horizontal 1. T. brevicuspis. Perianth 4 to 5 lines long. Seeds vertical 2. T. procerifiora _ 1. T. brevicuspis (short-pointed), F. c. 31.; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 198. A small glabrous undershrub with slender ascending branching stems not above 6in. Leaves narrow-linear, semiterete, acute, under Jin. long. Perianth very small and campanulate when in flower. Styles 2, connate to the middle. Fruiting perianth urceolate, about 1J lines long, hard when dry, with 5 erect nearly equal dorsal spines shorter than the tube and connected by a narrow horizontal ring, constricted under the spines, the whole of the part below the constriction consisting of a hollow base, 10-ribbed outside, closed inside 1 hrelkeldia .] CL CHENOPODIACEyE. 1261 under the fruit, aud again closed inside over the fruit, the short membranous lobes erect within the base of the spines. Fruit very flat within the base of the spines. Seed horizontal, with an annular embryo. — F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 67 ; Anisacantha brevicuspis, F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 150; Kentropsis brevicuspis, F. v. M. l.c. Hab.: Arruadilla, IF. Barton ; Cape River, Bowman ; and other inland localities. 2. T. proceriflora (flowers long), F. v. M. Frarpn. viii. 38. A glabrous glaucous plant, with hard branches. Leaves 5 to 10 lines long and 4 line broad, linear, fleshy, acute. Flowers solitary, axillary. Perianth elongated at length 4 to 5 lines long and scarcely a line thick, slightly contracted in the lower part ; scales at the mouth 5, minute, membranous ciliate. Seeds vertical ; radicle superior. Albumen conspicuous. Hub.: Thomson River, C. W. cle Burgh-Birch (F. v. M). 11. TECTICORNIA, Hook. f. Flowers hermaphrodite, in the axils of the cone scales, in pairs or more, free or coherent. Perianth tubular, very flaccid, lacerated at the mouth. Stamen 1, filament flattened. Anther linear-oblong, deeply 2-lobed, exserted. Ovary ovoid-lanceolate, compressed, elongated into a subulate style, 2-fid at the end ; ovule subsessile. Utricle ovoid, pericarp very thin, hyaline. Seed erect, ovoid- oblong, much compressed, testa thin, coriacious, pale-brown papillous. Albumen hard. Embryo dorsal, slender, semi-annular. Cotyledons superior, radicle inferior. — Herbs almost leafless, erect or procumbent, glaucous, cones terminal, solitary or in two or threes, oblong-cylindrical, obtuse, the scales in many series. Flowers minute. 1. T. cinerea (grey), Benth. and Hook. Gen. PL iii. Apparently annual, branching at the base, with several single or slightly branched ascending stems of 6 to 8in., the whole plant of an ashy-grey colour when dry. Articles of the branches f to 4in. long, slightly dilated at the top. Spikes terminal, oblong-cylindrical, rounded at both ends, very compact, 4 to fin. long, 2 to 24 lines diameter, the articles very numerous, closely imbricate, the margins dilated into opposite semicircular scarious scales, without projecting points, but forming projecting acute lines. Flowers in threes, all apparently hermaphrodite and monandrous. Perianths immersed in and adnate to the rhachis at the base, thin and free at the top, very shortly toothed. Seed ovate, erect, but the radicle not always superior. — Halocnemuin cinereum, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 140 ; Salicomia cinerea, F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 251 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 203. Hab.. Cape York, M'Gillivraij ; Trinity Bay, IF. Hill (F. v. M.). 12. ARTHROCNEMUM, Moq. Perianth obpyramidal, 3 to 4-angled, Stamen 1 ; utricle compressed, mem- branous. Stigmas 2 to 3. Seeds inverse, compressed ; testa membranous, albumen fleshy, embryo dorsal, comma-shaped, radicle stout, inferior.— Fleshy, leafless jointed shrubs or herbs. Flowers minute, hermaphrodite, 2 to 3 together in the axils of the scales of sessile cone-like spikes, 2-bracteate. Species few, in saline places of temperate aud tropical countries. 1. A. arbusculum (tree-like), Moq. Chenop. Emm. 113, and in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 152. A bushy erect shrub, from under Gin. to 2 or rarely 3 or 4ft. high with numerous rather slender short but intricate branches. 1262 CL C'HEXOPODIACEiE. [Arthrocnemum. Articles often Jin. long in the principal branches, 1 to 2 lines in the smaller ones, dilated at the top but without prominent lobes. Spikes terminal, thick, ovoid or oblong, rarely above Jin. long but varying much in diameter, consisting of 2 to 6 articles deeply excavated and cupshaped at the top with more or less prominent lobes or scales. Flowers in threes, all monandrous and hermaphrodite, at first shorter than the scale but at length somewhat exserted, all cohering with each other at the base and immersed in and adnate to the article above them, with short free thin lobes, opening in fruit so that after flowering each ovary appears to be in a separate excavation of the rliachis, with a membranous fringed border. In fruit the lateral ovaries are often abortive, and the central pericarp grows out into a prominent beak (the thickened base of the styles), projecting horizontally considerably beyond the subtending scale. — Hook. f. FI. Tasin. i. 316; Arthrocnemum haloc nemo ules, Nees in PI. Preiss. i. 632; Moq. in DC. l.c. ; Salicornia arbuscula, R. Br. Prod. Ill ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 203. Hab.: Southern coast. 13. SALICORNIA, Linn. (From sal, salt, and cornu, a horn.) Perianth obpyramidal, 3 to 4-toothed, fruiting spongy. Stamens 1 to 2 ; utricle included in the spongy perianth, membranous; stigmas subulate. Seeds erect, compreesed ; testa hispid with hooked hairs. Albumen none. Embryo conduplicate, radicle inferior, parallel to the folds of the cotyledons. Herbs or shrubs with the habit of Arthrocnemum, but with the flowers sunk in cavities of the joints. Species few, of tropical and temperate parts. Flowers in threes, all or the central one hermaphrodite. Spikes continuous, the margins of the articles broad-obtuse and not prominent 1. S. leiustachya. Flowers in threes, unisexual. Articles of the spikes with prominent 2-lobed margins 2. S. tenuis. Flowers in fives or sevens, mostly hermaphrodite. Articles of the spikes with slightly prominent annular margins 3. S. australis. 1. S. leiostachya (spikes smooth), Benth. FI. Austr. v. 203. A spreading much-branched shrub of 2 or 3ft., the articles of the branches cylindrical, J to ^in. long, slightly thickened but not lobed at the top. Spikes numerous, nearly sessile and opposite at the nodes or terminal, cylindrical, compact, J to nearly liu. long; articles numerous, at first rather distinct with their obtuse margins slightly prominent, but at length very closely packed into an apparently continuous spike of 2 lines diameter, without prominent scales, the separation of the articles only marked by slightly depressed transverse lines. Flowers in threes, wholly immersed and closely packed side by side, all hermaphrodite and monandrous, but often only the central one perfecting its seed. Perianths thickened upwards, with a narrow triangular obliquely truncate top. Seed apparently compressed and vertical but not seen very perfect. Hab.: Northern localities. 2. S. tenuis (slender), Benth. FI. Austr. v. 204. A divaricately-branched or diffuse shrub, more slender than the other Australian species. Articles of the branches J to Jin. long, the upper end dilated into a membranous sometimes scarious margin. Flowers apparently dioecious, both sexes in threes. Male spikes short, but only commencing to flower in the specimens seen, probably at length elongated, the articles larger and broader than in the females, with scarious margins. Perianths all three distinct and slender, with 1 stamen in each, and no trace of pistil. Female spikes slender, 1 to 2in. long, the articles 4 to above 1 line long. Perianths free, at first almost in a line, at length in a 1263 Salicornia .] CL CHENOPODIACErE. triangle, clavate, turbinate, when in fruit white, much dilated at the top which is obliquely truncate and Hat, each of the three containing a perfect vertical seed. Hab.: Inland southern localities. 3. S. australis (southern), Suland. in Foist. Prod. 88 (name only ) ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 205. Stems procumbent, hard, sometimes woody at the base, with ascending or erect branches rarely above Gin. high, the articles varying from a little more than i to above fin. high, not much or not at all dilated at the end and either quite terete or obscurely 2-lobed. Spikes cylindrical,! to 2in. long, usually thicker than the stems, the articles about 1 line long, dilated at the top into slightly prominent rings but not lobed. Flowers 5 or 7 together side by side, all hermaphrodite or the ovaries of the lateral ones abortive, mostly if not all diandrous. Perianths free and distinct, shortly immersed at the base, the central ones rather longer than the lateral, but all shortly prominent beyond the subtend- ing ring, clavate, obliquely truncate and flat at the top and almost closed by the minute connivent teeth. — S. indica, R. Br. Prod. 411 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 317, not of Willd. Hab.: Fitzroy River and south. 14. SUiEDA, Forsk. (From Siued, an Arabic word for a plant yielding soda). (Chenopodina, Moq.) Flowers mostly hermaphrodite. Perianth depressed-globular, herbaceous or slightly fleshy, with 5 broad lobes connivent over the fruit, without appendages or with a slight horizontal protuberance or thick scale on the back at the base of each lobe. Stamens 5. Styles 2 or 3, rarely more ; free or shortly united at the base. Fruit enclosed in the perianth ; pericarp membranous, very thin but separable from the seed. Seed flat, horizontal or vertical ; testa crustaceous with a thin inner membrane. Embryo flat, spirally twisted, without any or with scarcely any albumen. — Glabrous herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, sessile, linear, thick or terete. Flowers small, sessile, solitary or clustered in the axils. Bracts and bracteoles very small and scarious. The genus, consisting of a small number of species, is widely diffused over the sea coasts and saline districts of both the New and the Old World, the only Australian species being the most common one over nearly the whole area of the genus. — Benth. 1. S. maritima (maritime), Dunwit. FI. Bely. 22 (Moq.) ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 206. A much-branched herb, erect and attaining 1ft. or more, or low and spreading, quite glabrous, somewhat succulent, with a hard almost woody base, but usually annual or biennial. Leaves linear-terete or semi-cylindrical, usually acute, f to above lin. long. Flowers very small, clustered or rarely solitary in the axils, the fruiting perianth usually about 1 line diameter, with a very flat horizontal seed, but occasionally is found one perianth in the cluster narrower with a vertical seed. Under each flower there are usually 1 bract and 2 bracteoles, all small transparent scales, but sometimes one of the three is wanting. Seed shining. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 316; F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 89 ; Chenopodina maritima, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 161 ; Chenopodium australe, R. Br. Prod. 407; Stucda australis, Moq. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, xxiii. 318 ; Chenopodina australis, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 163. Hab.: Cleveland Bay, Bowman ; Fitzroy River, Thozet ; and many other localities. The species is common on the sea coasts of most temperate aud subtropical regions both in the New and the Old World. The Australian plant is usually distinguished from the common northern one by its suffrutescent habit, but it is doubtful whether its duration exceeds the second year, which the European plant is said frequently to attain. In both, the base of the stem becomes very hard and more or less woody .—Benth. 1261 • CL CHENOPODIACEE. 15. SALSOLA, Linn. (Salt marsh plant, a diminutive from salmis, salted). Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth of 5 rarely 4 distinct segments when in fruit, bearing each on their backs a horizontal wing or protuberance, their points closed over the fruit. Stamens 5 or rarely fewer. Styles 2, rarely 3, united at the base or above the middle. Fruit enclosed in the perianth. Pericarp mem- branous. Seed depressed or nearly globular, testa membranous ; embryo coiled in a conical or doubly convex spire, without albumen. — Herbs or undershrubs usually hard or fleshy. Leaves narrow-linear or terete, entire. Flowers axillary, sessile, solitary within each floral leaf (or subtending bract), with 2 opposite bracteoles. The genus is widely spread over the temperate regions of the globe in more or less saline situations. The only Australian species is the most common one over nearly the whole area of the genus. — Bentli. 1. S. Kali, Linn. : Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 187. A hard procumbent or divaricately-branched herb, glabrous or slightly pubescent, usually under 1ft. but sometimes extending to 2ft. Leaves alternate or rarely here and there opposite, sessile, hard and rigid in the typical form, the lower ones terete or dilated at the base, from 4in. to above 2in. long, the upper ones shorter, thicker, and often more flattened above, but sometimes all terete, the lower floral ones similar to the stem-leaves, the upper ones gradually smaller and sometimes, especially on side branches, reduced to thick triangular or lanceolate bracts not exceeding the calyx, all as well as the bracteoles ending in rigid pungent points. Flowers sessile and solitary in the axil of each bract, but often, owing to the reduction of the flowering branch, clustered in the axils of the primary floral leaves. Bracteoles similar to the floral leaf or subtending bract, but usually smaller. Segments of the fruiting perianth forming at the base a hard or thin campanulate or turbinate tube rarely much above 1 line long, surrounded at the top by the 5 horizontal wings which are either all equal or 2 narrower than the others, each one sometimes 2 lines long and broad, thin and scarious, sometimes very small and thick or in some flowers scarcely perceptible, the summit of each perianth-segment within the wing acute scarious and closing over the fruit. Pericarp with the upper portion flat circum- sciss and deciduous. Embryo spiral, the two cotyledons in separate coils one over the other, with the radicle coiled horizontally round the lowest coil or between the two. — S’, australis, R. Br. Prod. 411 ; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 188 ; S', macrophylla, R. Br. l.e. ; Moq. l.c. 187 ; Nees in PI. Preiss. i. 637 ; F. v. M. Ic. Sal. PI. 90. Hab.: Bay of Inlets, Banks and Sulandcr ; Maria Island, Dallachy ; in the iuterior, Mitclicll', Cape and Suttor Rivers, Bowman ; Annadilla, W. Barton ; Curriwillinghie, Dalton. The species is widely distributed over the temperate regions of the New as well as the Old World in more or less saline districts, extending not infrequently to within the tropics I can discover nothing to separate the Australian specimens from the European form even as a variety. Moquin cites both as growing together in Timor. — Bentli. Var. leptophylla. Leaves slender, almost filiform, but pungent when full grown. Var. strobilifera. Flowers densely clustered in globular heads with the points of the subtending bracts protruding like the scales of a pine-cone. Var. brachypteris. Wings or appendages of the perianth reduced to prominent transverse ribs, in all or nearly all the flowers. — S. brachypteris, Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 189.— Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Curtis Island, Thozet. The size of the perianth-wings is as variable in European as in Australian specimens, and in some flowers of most specimens and in nearly all of other specimens they remain, in both countries, very short or undeveloped as in .S', brachypteris ; in this state S'. Kali can always be readily distinguished from S. Soda by the pungent leaves. 16 : BOUSSINGAULTIA, H. B. and K. (After -J. B. Boussingault.) Flowers hermaphrodite, pedicels articulate with 2 ovate bracteoles at the top, the basal bract subulate. Perianth membranous, 5-parted, tube short, segments Boussinyaultia.] CI. CHENOPODIACErE. 1265 oblong, obtuse, concave, patent. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the perianth- tube, filaments filiform-subulate reflexed in the bud ; anthers oblong, versatile. Ovary ovoid, umbonate, style straight or fiexuose, stigmatic lobes or stigmas clavate. Utricle included in the perianth, globose, umbonate at the apex, stipitate. Seeds erect, subreniform. Embryo semiannular, clavate ; albumen farinose ; cotyledons broad plano-convex ; radicle thick descendent. Glabrous twiners. Leaves alternate fleshy, entire. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal racemes. Bracts persistent or deciduous ; the bracteoles below the flowers adnate to the pedicel or caducous. Species about 10. Tropical America. 1. 23. baselloides (Basella-like), lluinb. and Kit nth. Lambs’ Tails. Rhizome knotted, fleshy. Stems twining from left to right, glabrous. Leaves fleshy, alternate, jointed on the stem, cordate, acute, 1 to 4in. long on petioles of lin., compressed. Racemes pendent several inches long. Flowers fragrant, white. Pedicels with a small subulate bract at the base, and 2 small ovate bracteoles at the base of the flower. Perianth thin, deeply cut into 6 oval soon reflexed segments, of which 3 are more external ; often there are 1 or 2 large scales or segments on the outside of these. Stamens 6, inserted at base of seg- ments, opposite to them ; filaments subulate, spreading. Anthers shortly oblong, opening by 2-clefts. Ovary ovate. — Bot. Mag. t. 3620. Hab.: Naturalized near towns. Order CII. PHYTOLACCACEjE. Perianth of 5 rarely 1 divisions or lobes, either all herbaceous or scarious or petal-like on the margins or coloured inside, imbricate in the bud. Staminodia (or petals ?), in a few genera not Australian, 5 or fewer, minute and stipitate. Stamens as many as perianth-divisions and alternate with them or more numerous, inserted on the torus or at the base of the perianth ; anthers 2-celled, the cells parrallel, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary either of a single some- what excentrical carpel, or of several carpels either distinct or united in a ring round the centre of the torus or, in a genus not Australian, forming a single 1-celled ovary with the ovules in a ring round a central column. Ovules solitary in each carpel, ascending, amphitropous or anatropous. Styles as many as carpels, proceeding from their upper inner angle, free or united at the base, stigmatic along their inner edge. Carpels of the fruit variously enlarged, free or united, dry or succulent, indeliiscent or dehiscent along their inner or outer edge or both. Seed ascending, sometimes accompanied by a small arillus or strophiole ; testa membranous or crustaceous. Albumen mealy or somewhat fleshy, copious, scanty, or sometimes none. Embryo usually much curved, rarely folded or straight : cotyledons narrow or broad and convolute ; radicle inferior. — Herbs, undershrubs, or rarely shrubs or trees, usually glabrous. Leaves alternate, usually entire. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, in terminal axillary or leaf-opposed spikes racemes or clusters, rarely solitary, usually accompanied by a subtending bract and 2 bracteoles. The Order is chiefly American and African, a very few species extending into Asia, as weeds of cultivation or otherwise introduced. The Australian genera are all endemic. Timm I. Hivineae. — Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual. Perianth 4 to 5-parted, Ovary monacal pous. Fruit indeliiscent. Cotyledons plicatc-convolute. Perianth-segments 4, small, equal. Stamens 4. Style short. Stigma capitate. Fruit globose, red 1. ‘RiVIxa. Flowers unisexual. Fruit subglobose. Fruit a burr with hooked bristles . 2. Moxocuccus. 1266 CII. PHYTOLACCACEiK. Tribe II. Euphytolacceae. — Flowers often hermaphrodite. Perianth 4 to o-partcd. Ovary of 2 or more carpels. Fruit fleshy, very rarely capsular. Testa membranous or crustaceous, smooth. Embryo annular, cotyledons narrow. Flowers racemous, rarely thrysoid. Perianth equal. Carpels sessile, free or connate, indehiscent at maturity. Testa coriaceous 3. ‘Phytolacca. Tribe III. Gyrostemonese. — Flowers unisexual. Perianth entire or lubed. Ovary of 1 or many carpels, carpels connate. Fruit dry, Testa transversely -ruyose. Embryo annular or hamate, cotyledons very often narrow'. Flowers axillary or racemose. Perianth obconical. Carpels numerous, separating at maturity and opening on the inner edge only 4. Codonocarpcs. 1 RIVIN A, Linn. (After A. Q. Rivinus.) (Piercea, Mill.) Flowers hermaphrodite racemose. Perianth corolla-like, 4-parted ; segments subequal, obovate-oblong, obtuse, concave, coloured, unchanged, erect or spread- ing under the fruit. Stamens 4, hypogynous, alternate with the perianth- segments. Filaments filiform ; anthers oblong, erect. Ovary subglobose, com- pressed, 1 -celled. Style subterminal, short, curved, stigma capitate. Seeds globose-lenticular, testa crustaceous, smooth or rugose. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate. 1. R. laevis (smooth), Linn. A weak undershrub, sometimes attaining 3 or more feet high. Leaves on slender petioles, ovate, acuminate. Racemes 3 or 4in. long. Fruit small, red. Hab.: South America; met with as a stray from garden culture. The fruit, in America, said to be the principal food of the thrush and nightingale. Plant used as a febrifuge in Ceylon. — Trimen. 2. MONOCOCCUS, F. v. M. (Fruit a single carpel.) Flowers unisexual, monoecious or dioecious. Perianth of 4 distinct divisions. Stamens in the males 10 to 20, filaments filiform ; anthers oblong-linear. Ovary in the females of a single carpel ; style very short, hooked, and decurrent in a bearded line along the inner edge of the carpel. Fruit dry, indehiscent, covered with hooked bristles. Seed with a thin testa ; albumen unilateral ; embryo transversely folded, the cotyledons broad and convolute. — Shrub. Leaves membranous. Flowers in racemes either terminal or in the upper axils, the males usually in separate racemes or on separate individuals, but sometimes a few females at the base of the male racemes or a few males at the summit of the female racemes. The single species known is endemic in Australia. M. echinophorus (bearing ecliinate fruits) F. r. M. b rarjm . i. 47 ; Benth. FI. Aiistr. v. 144. A straggling shrub, sometimes more erect and attaining 5 or 6ft. Leaves petiolate, from ovate to lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, contracted at the base, membranous, 2 to 4 in. long. Racemes slender, often 5 or bin. long. Flowers rather distant, shortly pedicellate, each within a lanceolate acute bract shorter than the calyx and often shortly adnate to the base of the pedicel. Bracteoles 2, small, close under the perianth. Divisions of the perianth membranous, very thin, about 1 line long, obtuse. Filaments rather shorter than the anthers, often connate at the base in a short column when there is no rudiment of the ovary, rarely free round a rudimentary or imperfect ovary. Female flowers usually without stamina or staminodia. Ovary of a single oblique carpel, the straight fl lonoeoceus .] CIT. PHYTOLACCACEiE. 1267 inner (stigmatic ?) edge densely bearded and terminating in a small hooked style, the back and sides of the carpel echinate with rigid hooked bristles. Fruiting carpel about 2 lines long without the long hooked bristles with which it is covered, forming an adhesive burr. Hab.: Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy, Broadsound, Bowman ; Rock- hampton, Thozet, O’ Shanes]) ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay. (('. Hill, F. v. Mueller. 8. PHYTOLACCA, Linn. (The names refers to the coloured juice of the fruit.) Flowers 1 to 2-sexual. Sepals 4, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 5 to 25. Carpels 5 to 10, free or connate, fleshy in fruit. Seed reniform, compressed, exarillate, albumen floury; embryo annular, cotyledons slender, radicle ascending. — Shrubs or herbs, rarely trees. Leaves exstipulate. Species tropical and subtropical. 1. P. octandra (stamens eight), Linn.; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 148. Bed Ink Plant. An erect soft-wooded herbaceous plant, with a thick fleshy rootstock. Leaves large, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers hermaphrodite, almost sessile in pedunculate racemes, either terminal or almost leaf-opposed. Perianth small, of 6 divisions. Stamens usually 8. Carpels usually 8, united in the fruit in a depressed succulent almost black berry more or less prominently 8-ribbed. Hab.: An American weed. Naturalized and in many places a great pest. 4. CODONOCARPUS, A. Cunn. (Bell-fruit). (Hy.nenotheca, F. v. Mu’ll.) Flowers dioecious or monoecious. Perianth very open under the fruit, very shortly and obtusely or obscurely sinuate-toothed. Stamens in the males 10 to 20 radiating in a single series round a central disk, the anthers oblong, nearly sessile. Ovary in the females of. 20 to 50 carpels connate in a ring round a central column, dilated into a flat disk at the top. Styles or stigmas short or linear, free or slightly connected in a ring round the terminal disk. Fruiting carpels closely connected till near their maturity, separating when ripe from each other and from the central column and opening only along their inner edge. Seeds of adjoining carpels alternately placed near the top and below the top of the carpel, each with a small membranous aril or strophiole. — Tall shrubs or trees. Leaves linear or broad. Flowers in leafless racemes, axillary or terminal or the females on the leafless bases of the year’s shoot. Bracteoles usually very small under the perianth. The genus is limited to Australia. Leaves lanceolate, tapering into a long point. Carpels 40 to 50 1. C. australis. Leaves obovate t > broadly lanceolate, obtuse or shortly pointed. Styles short, conical. Carpels about 20 to 30 2. C. cotinifolius. 1. C. australis (southern), A Cunn. Herb. ; Mocj. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 39 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 148. A tree of 30ft. with a smooth bark and numerous slender flexuose branches. Leaves lanceolate, tapering into a long nar- row point and contracted into a long petiole lj to Bin. long. Fruits on long pedicels along the leafless bases’ of axillary branches (racemes of which the axis has grown out into a leafy branch ?). Perianth 2 to 2 h lines diameter. Fruit turbinate, almost campanulate, 7 to 8 lines long, very broad at the apex, and rather deeply depressed in the centre, the disk or dilated summit of the central column 3 to 4 lines diameter; carpels 40 to 50, quite connate when young, 1268 CII. PHYTOLACCACE/E. [f oilonncarpus. their dorsal edges forming prominent ribs when approaching maturity, and finally separating completely, the sides then thin and transparent, empty and indehiscent in the lower part, broader and opening at the inner edge in the upper seed-bearing portion, but in alternate carpels close to the top or a little above the middle. — Gyrostemon attenuatus , Hook. Bot. Mise. i. 244, t. 53. Hub.: Brisbane Biver, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser ; Mount Mistake and other Ranges. Wood soft and spongy and of a light colour.— Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, Xo. 304a. 2. C. cotinifolius (Cotinus-leaved), f. r. M. PI. Viet. i. 200; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 148. Usually a tall shrub or small tree, but attaining sometimes 40ft., of a pale or glaucous green. Leaves from broadly obovate or ovate to elliptical- oblong or almost lanceolate, obtuse or shortly pointed, contracted into a rather long petiole, 1 tG 2in. long. Flowers dioecious or monoecious but usually the two sexes in separate racemes in the upper axils, sometimes forming a terminal panicle, the males on very short, the females on rather long pedicels. Perianth about 2 lines diameter in the females, rather smaller in the males. Stamens 15 to 20. Ovary about twice as long as the calyx, broadly turbinate, depressed in the centre, consisting of 20 to 30 or rather more carpels, the ovules in alternate carpels inserted near the top or about the middle of the cavity so as to give the appearance of biseriate cells or carpels. Styles or stigmas shortly conical and soon wearing off or falling off in a ring. Fruit obconical or obovoid, much less expanded at the top and much less depressed in the centre than in C. australis, about 5 lines diameter, the carpels less distinctly biseriate than when young, separating and dehiscent on the inner edge as in C. australis. — Gyrostetnon cotini- folius, Desf. in Mem. Mus. viii. 116, t. 10; Moq. in DC. Prod. xiii. ii. 39; G. punyens, Lindl. in Mitch. Three Exped. ii. 121 ; G. acacieefurniis, F. v. M. in Linmea, xxv. 439. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. M. Order CIII. POLYGONACEjE. Perianth-segments 6, 5 or fewer, free or shortly united at the base, imbricate in the bud and more or less in 2 rows, regular and equal or the inner ones enlarged. Stamens variable in number, usually 9, 8, 6 or fewer, alternate with the perianth- segments or having no definite relation to them ; anthers with 2 parallel cells. Ovary free, with a single erect orthotropous ovule. Styles or style branches 2, 3 or rarely more, the stigmas terminal, capitate, or dilated, entire or fringed. Fruit a small seed-like nut, usually with as many angles as styles, enclosed in or scarcely protruding from the persistent perianth. Seeds erect, with a membran- ous testa. Embryo in a mealy albumen, straight or central and more frequently curved and lateral ; radicle superior.- — Herbs shrubs woody climbers or rarely, in species not Australian, trees. Leaves alternate. Stipules usually thin and scarious, brown or silvery, forming a sheath or ring round the stem. Flowers small, herbaceous or coloured, clustered in the axils of the leaves, or within small sheathing bracts or even without bracts along the rhachis of simple or paniculate spikes or racemes, without bracteoles on the pedicels. A considerable Order dispersed over every part of the globe. Tribe I. Eupolygonea. — Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, the ocrea or stipular-sheatli sea rious-membra jious. Perianth 5-merous rarely 4 -menus. Stamens ] to 8 rarely more. Styles often filiform, stiyma -capitate. Flowers mostly hermaphrodite. Style or style-branches 2 to 3 ; stigmas entire 1. Polygonum. Tribe II. Rumiceae. — Herbs, rarely undershrubs or shrubs. Leaves alternate or radical ocrea membranous-scarious. Perianth 6 or rarely 4-merous. Stamens 9 or very rarely some- times fewer. Styles short recurved-spreading, stigmas imbricate, peltate or horseshoe-shaped. Perianth G-merous, 3 inner enlarged in fruit (except 7?. acetosella). ... 2. Rumen. CIII. POLYGON ACEiE. 1269 Trief. III. Coecoloben?. — Trees, shrubs or rarely undershrubs, the step: s sometimes climb- iny. Leaves alternate, ocrea various, often very short or almost obsolete. Inflorescence axillary or terminal. Perianth 5-merous. Stamens 8 or fewer. Stigmas various. Albumen longitudinally silicate, 3 to 6-Iobed and very frequently ruminate. Flowers move or less dioecious. Styles or style- branches 3 ; stigmas more or less fringed or rarely entire 3. Mchlenbeckia. 1. POLYGONUM, Linn. (Stems much-jointed.) Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Perianth of 5, rarely fewer segments, all equal or the 2 or 3 outer ones enlarged. Stamens 5 to 8, varying often in the •same species. Styles or style-branches 2 or 3, with entire terminal stigmas. Nut flattened or triangular, enclosed in or surrounded by the persistent perianth. Embryo lateral, more or less curved, the radicle superior. — Herbs varying much in habit. Stipules in the majority of species thinly scarious, closely sheathing, the lower portion adnate to the petiole, the greater part connate within it ; in the section Aricularia looser jagged and silvery. Flowers small, pale green or red with white edges, either clustered or rarely solitary in the axils, or in little clusters within a sheathing bract arranged in simple or paniculate spikes. A large genus, with almost the cosmopolitan range of the Order. (Arranged according to Hook, in FI. Brit Ind ). Sect. I. Avicularia, Meissn. — Erect or prostrate herbs, rarely undershrulis or shrubs. Leaves small; stijniles tubular hyaline cleft or torn. Flowers in axillary clusters, bracts tubular. Perianth 4 to 5-cleft. Stamens 3 to 8, very short. Styles 3, minute, free. Nuts 3- gonous. Albumen homey, cotyledons incumbent. Stems elongated and wiry. Perianth about li line long. Nut minutely granular-striate 1. P. aviculare. Stems short and compact. Perianth under 1 line long. Nut smooth and shiny 2. P. plebeium. Sect. II. Amblyg’onon, Meissn. — Erect or ascending herbs. Leaves large ; stipules with often a dilated mouth. Flowers in cylimlric spikes or racemes; bracts tabular. Perianth 4 to 5-partite. Stamens 5 to 8, alternating with glands. Style 2 to 3 short, stigmas capitate. Nuts orbicular, compressed. Embryo slender, cotyledons narrow incumbent. Stipules, at least the lower ones, dilated and green at the top 3. P. orientate. Stipules all closely sheathing and scarious at the top 4. I’, attenuation. Sect III. Persicaria. — Erect or decumbent unarmed often glandular, annuals or perennials. Leaves narrow. Flowers in slender or dense-spiciform racemes ; tracts tubular. Spikes solitary, mostly axillary. Stem prostrate 5. P. prostratum. Spikes terminal, long, slender and interrupted, usually single. Stems slender, erect. Perianth densely glandular-dotted C. P. hydropiper. Spikes usually continuous and 2 or mere in a terminal panicle. Perianth without any or with few glandular dots. Stems erect or ascending. Stipules bordered by bristles usually long, at least the upper ones. Glabrous. Spikes few and slender 7. P. minus. Strigose-hirsute. Spikes slender, pedunculate. Leaves nearly sessile S. P. subsessile. Strigose-hirsute. Spikes compact, on short peduncles. Bristles of the stipules very long ' 9. P. barbatum. Stipules truncate, without any or with a few fine short cilia. Strigose hirsute. Spikes compact 10. P. articulatum. Glabrous or nearly so 1L P- lapathifolium. Cottony-white 12- P. laniyerum. Sf.ct. IV. Echinocaulon. — Erect or ascending usually prickly annuals. Leaves usually broad, often hastate. Flowers capitate or in racemes, bracts tubular. Stems weak with reflexed bristles on the angles of the branches .... 13. P. strigosum, 1270 Clli POLYGONACEjE. [Pobifionmu St.cT. V. Tiniarla. — Twining herbs. Leaves broad, hastate or cordate. Hovers in axillary clusters or slender racemes ; bracts not tubular. Annual, prostrate or twining, leaves sagittate-cordate. The 3 outer sepals obtusely keeled, pedicels jointed above the middle 14. P. * convolvulus . Muhlenbeckia Cunninghamii has almost the styles and stigmas of Polygonum, but the flowers are dioecious. — Benth. 1. P. aviculare (bird-food), Linn. Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 97; Bentli. FI. Amtr. v. 267. A glabrous annual, much branched at the base, sometimes erect or ascending when young, but the stems soon prostrate, wiry, extending to 1 or 2ft. or even more. Leaves shortly petiolate, elliptical oblong lanceolate or rarely linear, the larger ones above lin. long but mostly smaller. Stipules broad, more or less brown at the base, the remainder silvery and split into finely pointed lobes. Flowers axillary, solitary or in clusters of 2 to 5, very shortly, pedicellate. Fruiting perianth above 1 line long, the segments green in the centre, white on the margins. Styles 3. Nut triangular, black but opaque (not shining) owing to a minute granulation visible under a strong lens. Hab.: Common in southern localities, also in Europe and Asia. 2. P. plebeium (low), U. Br. Prod. 420; Benth. PI. Amtr. v. 267. A much branched prostrate annual, much more compact than P. aviculare, and rarely above 1ft. long, glabrous or the branches slightly hoary. Leaves linear, narrow-oblong or slightly spathulate, rarely above Jin. long. Stipules as in P. aviculare short silvery and ragged at the edges. Flowers very small, in clusters of 2 to 5 in the axils of most of the leaves. Fruiting perianth under 1 line long, the segments green, with a narrow white edge. Nuts triangular, very smooth and shining. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 94 ; Benth. FI. Hongk. 287, with the synonyms there adduced. Hab: Broadsound, It. Brown ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller and others : Gilbert River, l-\ v. Mueller; Rockhampton, O'Slianesy; Wide Bay, Bidwill; Kennedy District, Daintrce. Exceedingly common all over tropical Asia, extending into Africa. Very near P. aviculare, but amidst all its variations it seems to me constantly to differ from that species iu its compact habit and small flowers, and in the nuts always smooth and shining. — Bentli. 3. P. orientale (eastern), Linn. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 123; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 271. An erect softly pubescent or hirsute annual of 2 to oft. Leaves on rather long petioles, ovate or the upper ones lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 3 to 6in. long. Stipules very hairy, closely sheathing and scarious at the base, but all except the uppermost expanded at the top into a green spreading limb. Spikes (especially in the hirsute form) rather slender, continuous or slightly interrupted, several in a loose terminal panicle. Bracts hairy and eiliate. Flowers rather large. Stamens usually 7. Style with 2 slender branches. Nut flat or the sides convex, the margin obtuse. Radicle curved towards the back of the cotyledons. — R. Br. Prod. 420. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, common on the edges of lagoons, etc. Dallaeliy, O'Slianesy, Bowman ; Archer’s Station, Leichhardt ; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart ; and many other localities, North and South. Most of the Australian specimens belong to the var. pilosum, Meissn. (P. pilosum, Roxb.), which extends over E. India to S. China. 4. P. attenuatum (attenuated), P,. Br. Prod. 420 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 272. A tall species, very nearly allied to P. orientale, the stems and foliage more or less sprinkled with rather fine appressed hairs, hoary when young, or sometimes nearly glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, tapering into a very long point and con- tracted into a rather long petiole, mostly above 6in. long. Stipules entirely sheathing, truncate and shortly eiliate, without the green limb of P. orientale. Spikes continuous, 1J to 3in. long, few on rather long peduncles in a terminal Polygonum.] CIII. POLYGONACEiE. 1271 panicle. Bracts rather thick, truncate, shortly ciliate or entire. Perianth, stamens, style, nut and embryo entirely of P. orientate. — Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv. 117. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, I?. Brown ; Mackay, Cooper’s Creek, and other localities, North and South. I have not identified this with any Asiatic species, but I am unable to distinguish it from the Brasilian P. spectabile, Mart.; Meissn in DC. Prod. xiv. 119, and in Mart FI. Bras. Polygon. 13. t. 3, in the seeds of which I find the radicle incumbent as in Amblygonum. Meissner has not figured the embryo either in this or in P. hispidum. — Benth. 5. P. prostratum (prostrate), Ft. Br. Prod. 419; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 268. A prostrate branching perennial, often woody at the base and rooting at the lower nodes, extending to 1 or 2ft., sprinkled with slender appressed hairs or nearly glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, contracted into a short petiole 1 to If or rarely 2in. long. Stipules sheathing, ciliate with a few long hairs on the back and margins. Spikes shortly pedunculate, axillary or rarely terminal, about Jin. or rarely fin. long, rather dense. Perianth scarcely 1 line long when in flower, slightly enlarged afterwards. Stamens 5 or 6. Style-branches 2, not enclosed in the perianth, lenticular, both sides very convex.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 116; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 307. Hab.: Eockhampton, O'Slianesy, and in southern localities. The species is also in New Zealand. 6. P. hydropiper (water pepper), Linn ; Meissn. in PC. Prod. xiv. 109. Benth. FI. Austr. v. 269. A slender erect or decumbent glabrous annual, 1 to 2ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate. Stipules sheathing, rather short, ciliate at the top. Spikes slender and interrupted, often several inches long, solitary or nearly so at the ends of the stem or branches and often nodding. Perianth and often the bracts also dotted with prominent glands. Style branches usually 2. Nuts flat. — P.gracile, R. Br. Prod. 419 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 109. Hab.: Southern localities. The species is widely diffused over Europe, temperate and subtropical Asia and North America. 1 can perceive no difference between the Australian and many of the northern specimens. — Benth. 7. P. minus (small), Finds : Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. Ill ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 269. Rather slender, erect or decumbent, smaller and less branched than P. lapathifolium, rarely exceeding 2ft., quite glabrous in the typical form. Leaves shortly petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate. Stipules closely sheathing, the margins ciliate. Spikes 1 to lfin. long, few in a terminal panicle, more slender than in P. lapathifolium, much less so than in P. hydropiper. Bracts small, naked or shortly ciliate. Perianth small, not glandular. Stamens 5 or 6. Style-branches 2 or 3, varying often in the same spike, more frequently 3 than 2. — Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 306 ; P decipiens , R. Br. Prod. 420 ; Meissn. n DC. Prod. xiv. 104. Hab.: Brisbane, Burnett, and Burdekin Rivers, F. v. Mueller ; Moreton Island, M' Gillivray ; Eockhampton, O'Slianesy : Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; in the interior, Mitchell. The species is very common in the temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions of the Old World, and varies much. In Australia some specimens agree with the commonest European forms, in others, chiefly from Queensland, the cilia of the stipules are longer, there are a few small strigose hairs on the under side of the leaves; and the pistil is almost always 3-merous. These constitute probably (with corresponding European forms) the P. serrulatum, Lag. cited from Australia and New Zealand by Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv. 110. — Benth. 8. P. subsessile (almost sessile), P. Br. Prod. 419 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 269. A perennial with an almost woody rhizome and erect loosely branched stems attaining 2 or 3ft., the whole plant more or less strigose with appressed hairs, short on the upper side of the leaves, longer underneath. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, mostly 3 or 4in. long, contracted into a very short petiole. Stipules Past IV. R 1272 CIII. POLYGON ACE.®. [Polygonum. sheathing, much longer than the petiole, bordered by long cilia. Spikes rather slender, 1 to 2in. long, usually 2 to 4 on long peduncles in a loose terminal panicle. Perianth-segments petal-like, not glandular. Stamens 5. Style- branches 2, rather long. Nut lenticular, the sides very convex. — Meissn. in 1)C. Prod. xiv. 113 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 306. Hab.: Brisbane Biver, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller, C. Stuart \ Bockhampton, O'Shanesy', Boekinghara Bay, Dallachy ; Stanthorpe. 9. !P. barbatum (bearded), Linn ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 104 ; Benth. FI. A ustr. v. 270. Stems ascending or erect, glabrous or nearly so, 2 to 3ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, contracted into a short petiole although not so short as in P. subsessile, 3 to Gin. long, sprinkled with appressed hairs never wanting on the midrib underneath. Stipules sheathing, hairy outside, bordered by very long cilia. Spikes in the common form compact, 1 to Hin. long, on short peduncles in a narrow terminal panicle. Bracts always ciliate on the margin. Stamens 6 or 6. Style-branches (always ?) 3. Nut triangular. Hab.: Boper and Burnett Eivers, F . v. Mueller-, Port Curtis, M‘Gillivray ; and southern localities. The species is common in tropical Asia and Africa. 10. I*, articulatum (articulate), R. Br. Prod. 420; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 270. Erect and rather stout, the stems glabrous below, hirsute in the upper part with appressed hairs. Leaves lanceolate, tapering into long points and contracted into rather long petioles, 3 to Gin. long, hirsute on both sides with appressed hairs short and strigose on the upper surface, longer and more silky underneath, rigid on the margins. Stipules sheathing, long and truncate, without any or only with few very short marginal cilia. Spikes few, rather dense, 1 to 2in. long- Bracts shortly ciliate. Styles 2. Nut compressed, the sides rather convex. Curvature of the embryo in the two seeds examined rather oblique with relation 0 the cotyledons, but more accumbent than incumbent. — Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv. 117 ; P. australe, Spreng. Syst. ii. 258. Hab.: Bi-oadsound and Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown. I have not seen this in any other collection, and have not been able to match it with any Asiatic species. The habit is that of P. barbatum and P. glabrum, differing from the former in want of the long cilia or bristles to the stipules, from the latter in the indumentum, which is that of P. subsessile, from which it is removed by the long petioles and the want of cilia in the stipules. — Benth. 11. IP. lapathifolium (Lapathum (Rumex) like), Linn ; Meissn in DC. Prod. xiv. 119 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 270. Tall erect and glabrous, except sometimes very short strigose hairs on the margins and midrib of the leaves, and in some varieties a very slight hoariness on their under surface. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 6 to 8in. long or even larger, contracted into a petiole usually exceeding the stipules, the glandular dots of the under surface more conspicuous than i-n many species. Stipule sheathing, without marginal bristles or rarely with a few very small cilia. Spikes rather slender, from under 1 to above 2in. long, in a terminal branching more or less leafy panicle. Bracts small, truncate or shortly acuminate. Perianth, at least the outer segments, more or less glandular, and the prominent glands extending sometimes to the bracts and peduncles. Stamens 5 or 6. Styles short with 2 long branches. Nut very Hat, the sides concave or rarely slightly convex. Radicle curved towards the edge of the cotyledons (accumbent). — P. nodosum, Pers. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv. 118 ; P. glandulosum, R. Br. Prod. 419; Meissn. l.c. 116; P . adcnopliorum , Spreng. Syst. ii. 258 ; P. elatius, R. Br. l.c. 419; Meissn. l.c. 121. Hab.: Brisbane Biver, C. Stuart ; Nerkool Creek, Bouman ; Armadilla, W. Barton. Common in the temperate and subtropical regions of the New and the Old World, especially in the northern hemisphere. The joints of the claws of this species are sometimes attacked with the fungus. — Ustilago emodensis, Berk. -Polygonum.'] CIII. P0LYG0NACE2E. 1273 12. P. lanigerum (woolly), Pi. Br. Prod. 419 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 271. Stems erect, slightly branched, attaining 2 or 3ft., the whole plant white with a close woolly or arachnoid tomentum, or the upper surface of the leaves and the lower part of the stem at length glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate, 3 to 4in. long or even larger. Stipules sheathing, usually long, bordered by few fine cilia. Spikes narrow but rather dense, 1 to llin.long, several in a terminal panicle. Bracts short, denticulate-ciliate. Perianth often glandular. Style short, with 2 long branches. Nut flat. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 117. Hab.: Burdekin River, F. v. Mueller ; and other southern localities. The species is common in E. India, and extends to S. Africa. Although nearly allied to P. lapathifolium, it appears constantly to differ from the var. incanum of that species, in the abundance of the white indumentum. — Benth. 13. P. strigosum (bristly), 7?. Br. Prod. 420 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 268. Stems weak, erect or straggling, 2 to 3ft. long, with reflexed bristles on the angles of the branches and on the petioles and midribs of the leaves, and a short glandular pubescence on the peduncles, otherwise the whole plant glabrous. Leaves petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate, hastate, or broadly sagittate at the base, the larger ones 2 to 4in. long. Stipules sheathing, shortly ciliate-tootlied or entire. Peduncles axillary, loosely dichotomous, usually longer than the leaves, the branches terminating in short rather dense but few-flowered spikes. Bracts ■ denticulate and ciliate, nearly 2 lines long. Perianth-segments about 17 line long, slightly enlarged when in fruit, completely enclosing the smooth nut. Style branches and angles of the nut more frequently 3 than 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 134 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 307 ; P. pedun> ulare, Wall. ; Meissn. l.c. 133 ; P. muricatum, Meissn. l.c. Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller-, Rockingham Bay, . Dallaclnj . The species extends over the Archipelago and Eastern India to S. China, varying with the spikes dense or slender and interrupted, and with the pistils 2-merous or 3-merous on the same plant. — Benth. 14. P. Convolvulus (plant resembling a Convolvulus), Linn.; Boiss. Orient. iv. 1032 ; Hook, in FI. Brit. liul. v. 53. A prostrate or twining annual, 1 to 4ft. long, angles puberulous. Leaves sagittate-cordate, 17 to 4in. long, gradually acuminate ; angles obtuse or acute, puberulous beneath ; petioles slender. Racemes sub-erect, short, slender ; pedicels recurved, short, jointed above the middle. Perianth segments obtuse, whitish. Nuts blackish, scarcely 1 line long.— Ql. Agri. Journ. vii. pi. lx. Hab.: Asia, Europe and Africa, now a pest of many countries. 2. RUMEX, Linn. (Name of unknown origin.) Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Perianth of 6 segments, the three inner ones enlarged after flowering and closing over the fruit, the three outer much smaller, narrower and recurved. Stamens 6. Style 3, shortly filiform, with large fringed stigmas. Nut triangular, enclosed in the persistent perianth. Embryo lateral, the radicle superior. — Herbs or rarely, in species not Australian, shrubs, usually glabrous. Flowers small, herbaceous or the males petal-like, all often turning red, usually on recurved pedicels, in whorl-like clusters, either axillary or in terminal racemes or panicles. Stipules sheathing, scarious, usually brown, at first entire but almost always very soon torn or jagged. A considerable genus, widely distributed over most parts of the globe, but more especially in temperate regions and a few species are amongst the roadside weeds which the most readily establish themselves in new countries. 1274 cm. polygonacejE. [Rumex. Tribe I. Lapathnm. — Mowers all or mostly hermaphrodite, styles terminal; valves enlarycd often bearing a grain-like callosity on the back. Leaves never hastate, pinnately- veined, rarely very acid. Inner perianth-segments with entire margins, one or all bearing a tubercle on the midrib. Inner perianth-segments broad, mostly cordate. Panicle dense with short crowded branches Inner perianth-segments narrow. Panicle with elongated branches, the clusters of flowers distant Inner perianth-segments bordered by long teeth. Flower clusters distant along the branches, without floral leaves except to the lower one. Teeth of the inner perianth-segments five, with revolute points . . . Teeth of the inner perianth segments 2 to 4 unequal Floral leaves all longer than the flowers. Branches erect. Flowers numerous and very small in dense clusters. Fruiting perianth small, with a tubercle on each segment .... Flowers monoecious. Stems mostly simple, the upper clusters males, often without floral leaves, the lower clusters females, mostly axillary . 1. R. crispus. 2. R. conglomeratus. 3. R. Brownii. 4. R. * obtusifolius. 5. R. halophilus. 6. R. bidens. Tribe II. Aeetosella. — Flowers dioecious. Styles arising from the angles of the ovary. Inner sepals herbaceous ; hardly enlarged in fruit. Leaves hastate or sagittate. Small plant with narrow leaves mostly sagittate. Stipules silvery- shining 7. R. aeetosella. 1. R. crispus (crisped), Linn.; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 44 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 263. A perennial with a thick rhizome, and erect furrowed stems 2 to 3ft. high, the branches few and short. Radical leaves narrow, usually 6 to 8in. long, much undulate and crisped at the edges, the upper ones smaller, passing gradually into bracts. Flower-clusters numerous, and when in fruit much crowded into a long narrow and dense terminal panicle. Inner segments of the fruiting perianth broadly ovate, entire, 2 to 3 lines long, with a coloured tubercle on the midrib. Hab.: Southern localities. Common in Europe and temperate Asia, and now naturalized in many other parts of the globe. The Australian specimens, like others grown in warm and dry climates, have tubercles on all three inner perianth-segments. More northern specimens have them frequently only on one segment of each perianth.— Benth. R. conglomeratus (referring to the clusters of flowers), Murr. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 49 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 263. An erect perennial of 2 or 3ft. more branched than 7?. crispus. Radical leaves on long petioles, mostly acute, rounded or even cordate at the base, sometimes 8 to lOin. long, the upper ones smaller. Panicle with long rather spreading branches, the clusters of flowers distinct or distant even when in fruit. Fruiting perianth smaller than in R. crispus, the inner segments narrow-ovate, entire, with an oblong tubercle on the midrib of each. — R. acutus , Sm. and some others. Ilab.' About Brisbane, C. Stuart ; and many other southern localities. Like R. crispus, this species is indigenous in Europe and temperate Asia, and is now naturalized in many other parts of the globe. 3. R= Rrownii (after Dr. R. Brown), Campd. Monogr. Rum. 81; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 263. A perennial with a thick rhizome and erect simple or slightly branched stems of 1 to 2ft. Radical and lower leaves on long petioles, often cordate or hastate, oblong and obtuse, the stem-leaves mostly lanceolate and acute, the floral ones reduced to small bracts or quite deficient. Clusters remote, many- flowered, forming long simple or slightly-branched racemes, the fruiting pedicels slender or thick, 1 to 3 lines long. Inner segments of the fruiting perianth broadly triangular, 1-J to 2 lines long, bordered on each side by 4 to 6 bristles, much hooked or almost involute at the end, the midrib prominent but without any distinct tubercle. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 61 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 305 ; Pi. fimbriatus, R. Br. Prod. 421 not of Poir. Hab. Rockhampton, 0‘Shanesy ; almost all over the colony. Ou this species may sometimes be found the fungus — Puccinia acetosce. — Schum. Bumex.'] CIII. POLYGON ACEzE. 1275 4. R. : obtusifblius (leaves obtuse), Linn. Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 58. The Broad-leaved Dock. Stems 2 or 8ft. high, erect, slightly branched, round, furrowed, leafy, rough chiefly in the upper part. Radical leaves often very large, blunt at the apex, cordate at the base, on long stalks, the upper ones narrower And more pointed, on shorter stalks, all of a deep-green colour and veiny, the edges crenate and in some degree crisped. Root black, yellowish within. Flower- clusters on the lower part of the branches of the panicle distant and leafy. Outer perianth-segments narrow, nearly as long as the inner ones ; the inner ones oblong, obtuse, veiny, subsequently furnished on the margins with from 2 to 4 unequal teeth-like lobes, one or all of them also bearing on the centre near the base an oval coloured tubercle. Hab.: Naturalized about the Brisbane Paver and other southern parts. 5. H.. halophilus (a maritime plant), F. v. M. Fragm. iv. 48 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 265. An erect branching herb of about 1ft., some specimens appearing annual. Leaves linear or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, the lower ones on long petioles sometimes cordate at the base and 2 to 3 or even 4in. long, the upper ■ones small, but all or nearly all longer than the flowers. Flowers very small and very numerous, in dense axillary clusters crowded on the greater part of the plant. Inner segments of the fruiting perianth sometimes under 1 line long, with long fine points and marginal teeth, sometimes rather longer and broader with shorter and more rigid points and teeth, always with a very prominent ovoid tubercle on the midrib. Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. Mueller; Flinders and Burnett Rivers, F. v. Mueller; Darling Downs, Lau. This plant has entirely the aspect of the European /?. maritimus, Linn., and may be a variety only. The teeth of the fruiting perianth-segments although fine and long are however always much less so than in the northern plant. — Benth. 6. It. bidens (2-toothed), B. Br. Prod. 421 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 205. A perennial with a thick stem, rooting at the joints and creeping in the mud, throwing up numerous erect thick flowering branches of 1 to 2ft. Leaves lanceolate, the lower ones often 8 to lOin. long, rather broad and obtuse, the upper ones narrower and more acute, passing into the small almost linear floral leaves. Flowers densely clustered, unisexual, but the two sexes mixed in the same clusters, the lower ones chiefly females the upper ones chiefly or entirely males. Perianth-segments at the time of flowering almost petaloid and not very unequal. Inner segments of the fruiting perianth variable in size, usually 2 to 3 lines long, very broad, with 1 or 2 rigid teeth on each side near the base, the midrib more or less thickened into a tubercle. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 73 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 305. Hab. : Darling Downs. 7. R. acetosella (plant sour), Linn.; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 63; Bcntli. FI. Austr. v. 265. A slender plant with a creeping rhizome and erect stems from a few inches to nearly 1ft. high, often turning red. Leaves narrow- lanceolate or linear, some or all hastate or sagittate at the base ; stipules usually silvery and very thin. Flowers small, dioecious, in slender terminal panicles, the clusters numerous, few-flowered, without floral leaves. Perianth-segments broad, entire, not very unequal, the inner ones in the fruiting perianth closed over the seed but scarcely enlarged. A plant probably of European and Asiatic origin, now common in most temperate and subtropical regions of the globe, and Mr. Bentham says evidently introduced into Australia, from which I disagree as it was common in South Australia at a very early date (1840). 1276 CIII. POLYGONACE^E. 3. MUHLENBECKIA, Meissn. (In honor of Dr. Muhlenbeck, a botanist of Alsace). Flowers mostly dioecious. Perianth of 5 segments, all equal or the outer ones- slightly enlarged. Stamens 8 or rarely fewer, filaments short, the anthers oblong in the males, small and imperfect or abortive in the females. Ovary in the females 3-angled, with a very short trifid style and 3 more or less fringed stigmas,, small and rudimentary in the males. Nut triangular or nearly globular, enclosed in the persistent membranous or succulent perianth.— Undershrubs shrubs or woody twiners, rarely herbaceous from the base ; all at least of the Australian species glabrous. Stipules brown and scarious, loosely sheathing, very soon torn or ragged. Flowers small, green or whitish, in whorl-like clusters, axillary or within small sheathing bracts, in axillary or terminal simple or paniculate interrupted spikes. Radicle usually curved towards the back of the cotyledons (incumbent), rarely here and there towards their edge (accumbent). The genus extends to New Zealand, extratropical S. America, and along the Andes to Mexico. Leaves more or less cordate hastate or sagittate, usually broad and above 1 i n. long. Stem prostrate or climbing. Fruit globular, obscurely angled, not rugose, with the perianth succu- lent. Spikes mostly axillary. Leaves thin, with a long point. Spikes very slender. Flowers small 1 . M. gracillima. Fruit ovoid, more or less 3-angled, very rugose. Leaves rather thick. Spikes mostly in a large terminal panicle 2. M. rhyticarya. Shrub. Leaves on luxuriant branches linear, on the others very small or none. Clusters mostly in terminal spikes. Fruit prominently 3-angled 3 .31. Cunninghamii. 1. 1VE. gracillima (very slender), Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 145 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 274. A tall herbaceous twiner, much more slender than M. rhyticarya. Leaves on long petioles, ovate-cordate or broadly sagittate. acuminate, membranous, the margins usual crisped, 1 to 2 or rarely 3in. long. Spikes very slender, almost filiform, simple or paniculately branched, the males much longer and more branched than the females, the flower-clusters small and distant. Perianth not above 1 line diameter when fully spread. Stigmas large and copiously fringed. Fruiting perianth globular and succulent, enclosing an opaque obscurely 3-angled nut. — Pohjyonum adpressum, R. Br. Prod. 420 (partly). Hah.: Moreton Bay, Leichhardt ; Rockhampton, 0‘Shanesy ; Dawson and Burnett Rivers, F. v. Mueller, to Stanthorpe. The fungus blight Uredo Rumicis, Schum. with Darluca Jilum, Cast, upon it, is met with on this plant. 2. IVI. rhyticarya (nut wrinkled), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 92 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 274. Stems climbing, woody at the base. Leaves mostly broadly ovate-cor- date, obtuse or shortly acuminate, 1 to 2in. long, often rather thick and glaucous. Spikes long and interrupted in the upper axils, and forming a large loose terminal panicle. Fruiting perianth almost membranous enclosing an ovoid- triquetrous nut often 2 lines long and deeply rugose. Seed scarcely furrowed. Hal-.: Cape York, Darnel; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Edgecombe and Rockingham Bays, Dallachy, and again near Stanthorpe. 3. IVI. Cunninghamii (after A. Cunningham), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 91 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 276. Lignum. A shrub, sometimes low and bushy, some- times attaining 6 to 8ft. or even taller, with numerous terete sulcate or angular branches, the young and luxuriant ones often with a few linear or linear-lanceolate leaves of 1 to 3in. contracted into a rather long petiole, but most of the branches rigid or rushlike often clustered and either quite leafless or with a few linear leaves. Stipules deciduous. Flower-clusters solitary or in short spikes at the leafless nodes or in the axils of the small leaves forming long terminal interrupted spikes. Muhlcnbechia .] CIII. POLYGONACEiE. 1277 Perianth rather above 1 line long. Style 3-branchecl, 'with broad peltate terminal stigmas more like those of a Polygonum than of a Muhlenbeclcia , but the flowers quite dioecious. Nut prominently 3-angled, smooth and shining, enclosed in the ovoid slightly thickened perianth which is enlarged to from 14 to 2 lines in length. Seed scarcely furrowed. — Polygonum Cunninghamii, Meissn. in Linnsea, xxvi. 364, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 85 ; Muhlenbeckia Jiorulenta, Meissn. in Linnasa, xxvi. 362 ; Polygonum junceum, A. Cunn. ; Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 85. Hab : Rockhampton, O'Shanesy; Suttor River, Bowman; Bokhara Creek, Leichhardt; Curriwillinghie, Dalton ; Darling Downs, Lau. Common in most inland swamps. Order CIV. PODOSTEMONACE^E. Flowers 1 -sexual, rarely dioecious, usually enclosed in a spathe. Perianth none or membranous, lobed or partite or of a few scales. Stamens definite or not, free or connate, hypogynous or perigynous, filaments flat ; anthers 2-lobed. Ovary free, sessile or stalked, smooth or ribbed, 1 to 2-celled ; styles 2, 3, or 1, and columnar, stigma 1 capitate, or 2 to 3, simple toothed or laciniate ; ovules many, anatropous, axile or parietal. Capsule 1 to 3-celled ; septicidal or septifragal, valves 2 to 3. Seeds minute, testa mucilaginous, albumen none. Embryo straight, cotyledons 2, radicle inferior. — Aquatics growing on stones in tropical streams, annual or perennial. Stems branching with leaves or with these confluent into amorphous fronds. Inflorescence various, often of a 1 or many flowered scape, naked or arising from a tubular sheath. — Hook. FI. Brit. Iml. Baron von Mueller records in Cen. Austr. PI. that plants of this Order have been met with in Queensland but that the genera and species had not been determined. The authority rests so far as at present known upon specimens collected by Mr. Walter Hill at the Johnstone River in 1873. Order CV. NEPENTHACE^. Flowers dioecious. Male perianth of 4 rarely 3 sepal-like segments, imbri- cate in the bud. Stamens 4 to 16, the filaments united in a central column ; anthers united in a head, in 1 or 3 rows, 2-celled, the cells opening out- wards in longitudinal slits. Female perianth as in the males, or rarely the segments united at the base. Ovary 4- rarely 3-angled, with as many cells as angles, the carpels opposite the perianth-segments ; stigma sessile, with as many lobes as ovary-cells, the lobes entire or bifid. Ovules very numerous in each cell, attached to a placenta inserted on the dissepiment, ascending and anatropous. Capsules coriaceous, opening loeulicidally in 4 rarely 3 valves. Seeds very numerous, imbricated upwards ; testa membranous, pro- duced at each end into a capillary point or tail. Embryo straight, in the axis of a fleshy albumen ; cotyledons linear ; radicle short, inferior. — Shrubs or undershrubs with herbaceous branches, glabrous or sparingly hairy, replete with spiral vessels, the stems prostrate sarmentose or climbing by means of tendrils terminating the leaves. Leaves alternate, elongated, without stipules, the base on the winged petiole clasping the stem, marked with a few nearly parallel longitudinal veins and numerous transverse veinlets, the midrib usually produced either into a tendril or into a pendulous pitcher provided with an oper- culum or lid, the margin of the orifice thickened into a peristome, and having usually an external spur on the back. Flowers small, green, in terminal racemes or panicles. The Order limited to tbe single genus Nepenthes, is spread over Southern Asia and the islands of the Indian and South Pacific Oceans, but most abundant in the Indian Archipelago. 1278 CV. NEPENTHACEJK. 1. NEPENTHES, Linn. (Linnaeus adopted the name from Breyne, who bestowed in 1689 (Prodr. PI. Ear. ii. 75), fancifully applying Homer’s Nepenthes to the liquid found in these natural pitchers. — H. Trimen, FI. cf Ceylon, Pt. iii. 420.) Characters and distribution of the Order. Stems long climbing. Pitchers inflated below the middle, 3 to 6in. long, green ; anterior ribs without any crest; stalk with a curl in the centre 1. X. Kennedyi. Stems shortly climbing. Pitchers inflated near the base, 3 to Gin. long, pinkish ; anterior ribs winged, the wings 1 or 2 lines broad, and more or less promin- ently ciliate-toothed, without any curl in the centre of the stalk . . 2. X. Bernaysii. Stems elodgated scarcely climbing. Pitchers narrow at the base, then cylindrical to the top, 6 or 7in. long, green with white streaks ; anterior ribs prominent at the base but not winged; stalk flexuose without a curl 3. X. albo-lineata. Stems not climbing rather slender. Pitchers slightly enlarged atthe base. 3 to 4Jin. long, judging from the dried specimen more or less reddish when fresh ; anterior ribs prominent but not winged ; stalk slender not forming a curl ... 4. _V. .1 loorei. Stems not climbing rather stout. Pitchers inflated below the middle, 5 to 7in. long, more or less purple stained ; anterior ribs with narrow purple wings ; stalk straight . . o. .V. Jardinei. Pitchers enlarging from the base to a diameter of about 3in. at the top, length about Gin., marked with reddish-purple colour ; anterior ribs hard, scarcely winged ; stalk straight, somewhat flattened . ... 6. X. Eou'ana. Stems not climbing very short. Pitchers numerous, slightly inflated above the base and enlarging again at the top, to 2£in. long; anterior ribs with entire wings about § line broad; stalk slender, no curl 7. X. Altcce. Pitchers numerous, 9 to 13 lines long, diameter above the base 2 h to 4 lines, anterior ribs toothed 8. -V. Cholmondeleyi. 1. 3Y. Kennedyi (after E. Kennedy), F. r. M. Fragm. v. 154; Benth. FI. Aastr. vi. 40. Stems climbing, when young pubescent, with stellate hairs. Leaves on long petioles, linear-lanceolate or oblong, then chartaceous, over 1ft. long, and about 2in. broad, longitudinal nerves 5 to 8 on each side of the midrib, the latter elongated and forming a curl midway between the lamina and pitcher. Pitchers 3 to Gin. long, slightly inflated below the middle, without any crest on the anterior ribs, the orifice narrow, posterior spur stout, the peristome narrow, with numerous transverse veins; operculum elliptical, with numerous minute glands on the inner surface, the glandular portion inside pitcher extending two- thirds the way up. Inflorescence ; (male) peduncle tomentose, about Sin. long, raceme 6 to 7in. long. Flowers dense. Pedicels about 5 lines long. Perianth- segments lines long and 2 lines broad. Staminal column H line high, bearing a head of anthers about ^ line in diameter; (female) peduncle about 12in. long, adnate to the shoot for a few inches ; raceme 8 to Sin. long. Flowers numerous, scattered. Pedicels about lin. long. Perianth green, segments 4 to 5, tomen- tose.— Bail. Procd.Linn. Soc. of N.S.W. and Ql. Agri. Journal, iii. 354; Plate in Vol. i. Pt. 5. Hab.: Cape York, F. L. Jardine\ Cape Sidmoutli, C. Moore. 2. XST. Bernaysii (after L. A. Bernays, C.M.G.), Bail. Procd. Linn. Soc. of N.S. IF., and Ql. Agri. Joarn. i. with plate. Stems climbing, leafy. Leaves shortly petiolate, linear-lanceolate, 12 to 13in. long, 2in. broad, longitudinal nerves 5 on each side of the midrib, sprinkled with black dots and appressed white hairs, midrib produced not curled, freely forming pitchers. Pitchers 3 to 6iu. long, inflated at the base, pinkish outside, the 2 anterior ribs winged, 1 to 2 lines broad and ciliate-toothed, the posterior rib ending in a hooked spur. Operculum ovate, with numerous reddish glands on the inner surface, peristome narrow Pl.XLVI. GovT PfyfiTifJe Office , Pl. xlv/l JVcp ert thes B erriCLi/sizs, J3 cal/. (Nat vS/j^) GovTP^i^Iti^g Office, B^isb/^js'e. . Pl.XLVIII. JSlep en then crfJbo-TjLneetJba/, BaiL (Hat S/je) GovT PpifirifJG Office , Brisbane. F. C Wins, 0e/ PEP err, L . rh Nepenthes JSdoorei^ Bazl< (Nat S/je) GovT PfVfJTifrfG Office, B^iss^e. Pl. L F Wills, Dei n £ i/S eft, L tfij. Nepenthes JxvncUn^eiy, BaiZ/. {MstS/je) Qov.r Pf^ifJrifiq Office,, B^isb/^e, -Nepenthes.'] CV. NEPENTHACE^E. 1279 marked with elose transverse lines. Glandular portion inside pitcher extending half way up. Peduncles 4 to Gin. long, shortly tomentose, more or less plainly striate. Raceme 5 to 7^in. long, flowers (male) rather crowded. Pedicels slender 5 lines long, tomentose. Perianth with 4 refiexed oblong-cuneate seg- ments, about half as long as the pedicels, glabrous and dark-coloured on the face tomentose on the back. Staminal column about as long as the segments ; head of anthers about f line diameter. Hab.: Cape York, F. L. Jardine. 8. 3V. albo-lineata (white-lined), Bail. Ql. Ayri. Journ. iii, 855, PI. lviii. Plant very slightly tomentose. Leaves shortly clasping the stem ; the broad .portion or blade 6 to 7in. long and 2in. broad, tapering to the base, or a winged petiole of 2in., and the upper portion to wThere the costa becomes naked forming the stalk of pitcher, this stalk is flexuous, but without a curl at the centre, about 6in. long. Pitchers (green, slightly streaked with white, F. L. Jardine) 6 or 7in. long, enlarging from a narrow base to a diameter of about ljin., and keeping about this diameter to the top ; anterior ribs not winged, but sharply prominent for about one-third of their length from the base, the longitudinal nerves and reticulate veins not prominent. Peristome narrow, posterior spur rather broad, tomentose, much recurved. Operculum elliptical, glossy with the numerous glands of the genus on the inner surface, glandular portion inside pitcher extending halfway up. Male inflorescence terminal or nearly so. Peduncle 5in. long, hoary ; raceme about Bin. long. Flowers numerous. Pedicels about 4 lines long, segments of perianth 2^ lines long, linear ; column 2| lines high, bearing a head of anthers f line in diameter. Female flowers unknown. Hab.: Cape York Peninsula, F. L. Jardine. The white streaks mentioned by Mr. Jardine are not observable on the dried pitchers. 4. N. IVIoorei (after C. Moore), Bail. Ql. Ayri. Journ. iii. 355, PI. lix. Stems attaining a few feet, but not climbing. Leaves nearly glabrous, the expanded portion scarcely exceeding lin. wide at the broadest part, from which tapering to the base without forming a petiole portion, and tapering upwards to where the costa becomes naked, texture thin, longitudinal nerves 4 or 5 on each side of costa, but not prominent, the naked portion of costa or stalk of pitcher usually slender and without a curl between the acuminate top of the lamina and the base of the pitcher. Pitchers 3 to 44in. long, 1 to ljin. broad, glabrous or slightly hoary, slightly enlarged above the base ; anterior ribs prominent but not formed into wings ; longitudinal nerves numerous and more or less prominent as well as the reticulate veins. Peristome narrow, posterior spur somewhat erect but curved back, resinous. Operculum elliptical, under l|in. diameter, resinous, glandular on the inner surface, glandular portion inside pitchers extending half- way up. Inflorescence (male) usually from the axils of the upper leaves. Peduncles 4 to 6in. long, racemes 6 to 8in. long, rhachis and back of segments hairy, flowers numerous, but not particularly dense. Pedicel slender, 4 lines long, segments of perianth reflexed upon the pedicel, about 2 lines long and 1 line broad, free to near the base. Staminal column about 2 lines long, bearing a head of anthers about +-line in diameter. So far as the specimens to hand show, the female plants seem to be of smaller growth. Racemes 3 to 4in. long. Perianth segments narrower than in the males. Ovary hoary-tomentose. Capsule 8 lines long. Hab.: Cape York Peninsula, F. L. Jardine. Judging from the dried specimens, the pitchers are probably, when fresh, more or less stained with red. 5. N. Jardinei (after Frank L. Jardine), Bail. Ql. Ayri. Journ. i. with plate. Stems several, rather stout, arising from a hard knotty rhizome, 2 to 3 or more •feet high, not climbing, sometimes branched, clothed with leaves mostly bearing 1280 CV. NEPENTHACEjE. [Nepenthes. pitchers ; the young growth more or less clothed with soft hairs, the shorter ones of which are usually stellate, the longer ones frequently simple. Leaves decur- rent and slightly stem-clasping ; petiole 2in. long winged ; lamina 8in. long and from 2 to nearly 3in. hroad in the middle, tapering towards each end ; midrib at first purplish-red, longitudinal nerves on each side of midrib usually 6 ; the narrow portion or stalk of pitcher about Gin., without the loop of N. Kennedy i, F. v. M. ; pitcher 5 to Tin. long, lfin. diameter near the top, enlarging in the lower half to about 2fin., with numerous prominent longitudinal nerves and reticulations ; anterior ribs with narrow red wings ; orifice wide and arising towards the spur ; peristome narrow, about 1 line broad, with numerous trans- verse veins ; posterior spur recurved; operculum elliptical, about 2in. long, with numerous various-sized circular glands on the inner surface ; inside of pitcher more or less spotted or stained purplish-red, glandular portion extending rather more than half-way up. Racemes dense, 4 to 8in. long in the males, shorter in the females ; male perianth of 4 oval segments, about 3 lines long, reflexed upon the pedicel, united and forming a cup at the base ; staminal column about the length of the perianth-segments, head of anthers 1 line diameter. Female perianth like the male, stigma sessile. Capsule coriaceous, fin. long, 4-valved, each valve crowned by a lobe of the stigma. Hab.: Somerset. Cape York Peninsula, Frank L. Jardine. 6. "Si . Eowanae (after Mrs. Rowan, a painter of Australian flowers), Bail. Ql. Agri. Journ. i., with plate. Stems stout, erect, 2 or 3ft. high, hoary tomentose. Leaves numerous, coriaceous, prominently decurrent upon the stem, falcately recurved, tapering towards the base into a broad petiole, including this tapering base or broad petiole about llin. long, the broad centre about 1), to 24-in. wide ; longitudinal nerves 6 on each side of costa, the cross-veins wavy but not very prominent from the thickness of the lamina, the naked portion of costa or stalk of pitcher somewhat flattened, 7 to lOin. long, without a curl, straight and cane-like. Pitchers, "when fresh, beautifully marked with reddish-purple, about Gin. long, shortly and abruptly curved at the base, from which it widens upwards, attaining a width at the top of about 3in., prominently marked on the outside by oblique parallel nerves and reticulate veins ; anterior ribs hard, scarcely winged, much nearer together than in N. Jardinei ; orifice very wide, posterior spur flat, tomentose; peristome 3 or 4 lines broad, with close transverse veins ; operculum nearly orbicular, about 2Jin. diameter, with numerous circular glands on the inner surface. Glandular portion inside pitcher nearly reaching the- orifice. Flowers and fruit unknown. Hab.: Cape York, F. I.. Jardine. 7. Alicae (After Miss Alice Jardine), Bail. Ql. Agric. Journ. iii. 356, FI. lx. A dwarf plant forming pitchers when only 3 or 4in. high, not exceed- ing a height of more than a foot [F. L. Jardine), starting from a creeping rhizome. Leaves numerous, sessile, and stem-clasping at the base, lamina or broad portion lanceolate, falcate, conduplicate, 2 to 34in. long, \ to fin. broad, when opened out : parallel nerves 3 or 4 on each side of costa, the naked portion or pitcher stalk slender, about 2 to 3in. long. Pitchers l-g to 2-fin. long, 4 to fin. diameter, slightly enlarging above the base, and again at the orifice, anterior ribs with entire wings about f-iine broad, parallel longitudinal nerves numerous, and as well as the reticulations rather prominent ; peristome narrow, posterior spur recurved, often flattened and rather long, Operculum orbicular, 8 lines diameter,, purple and glandular on the inner surface and glandular portion inside pitchers- scarcely extending half-way up. Flowers and fruits unknown. Hab.: Cape York Peninsula, F. L. Jardine. Pl. LL F Wills, Del F E II ion, Lit-/j. JSTepenth&s Jtowcirvc^ {/Vcp/: S/je) QovT Office., B^isb^^Ie Pl L/ff. F EWe/t; Litfj. F Wills, Del JVep enthsCS Cfioimondjd^yy J3azL. ( /Vat. S/je) Qovl Pf^Tif/cj Office, B^iss/^e ' ! Nepenthe^.] CV. NEPENTHACEjE. 1281 8. N. Cholmondeleyi (after Cholmondeley Jardine), Bail. Ql. Ar/ri. Journ. vii. 441, FI. lix. Judging from the specimens to hand, the stems of this pretty little species are probably numerous from each rhizome, and under 6in high ; the shorter ones with a dense almost rosette of leaves at the top, the taller ones with two such tufts of leaves — one near the base, the other at the summit of the stems. Leaves with scattered hairs, shortly clasping the stem, the broad portion falcate, 1J to 2|in. long, 2 to 4 lines broad near the middle, longitudinal nerves 4 — 2 on each side distant from the midrib — , bearing an erect pitcher sessile at the end, or the pitcher removed from 2 or 8 lines to 14in. by the elongation of the midrib, this extension of the midrib seems only to occur in the upper leaves ; margins bordered with scattered or close, regular hair-like teeth. Pitchers 9 to 13 lines long ; diameter above the base 2| to 4 lines, thence slightly contracting to the orifice ; anterior ribs with prominently toothed wings, the reticulation well marked ; peristome normal ; operculum nearly orbicular, glandular on the inner surface; posterior spur recurved, broad at base, point filiform, with 2 prominent weak bristles on either side, glandular portion inside pitchers extending half-way P- Hab.: Cape York Peninsula, 5 miles south of the Jardine River, F. L. Jardine. Order CYI. ARISTOLOCHIACEiE. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth herbaceous, adherent to the ovary at the base, with a superior variously shaped entire or lobed limb, the lobes valvate in the bud. Stamens 5, 6, 8 or more, inserted round the base of the style ; anthers 2-eelled opening outwards. Ovary inferior, 3- to 6-celled, with several ovules in each cell. Styles simple, with an entire or lobed terminal stigma. Fruit a capsule, or rarely succulent. Seeds angular or compressed. Embryo minute, in the apex of a fleshy albumen. — Herbs or rarely shrubs, often climbing. Leaves alternate, without stipules. Flowers usually axillary, solitary or racemose. A small Order, common to the New and the Old World, chiefly tropical, with a few species dispersed over the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, and a very few extratropical South American ones. The only Australian genus, the principal one of the Urder, has the same general geographical range. — Bentli. 1. ARISTOLOCHIA, Linn. (From its supposed medicinal qualities.) Perianth constricted over the ovary, then dilated into an utricle enclosing the stamens and pistils, and produced above the utricle into a limb usually unilabiate, or in a few species not Australian unequally bilabiate or 3-lobed. Stamens adnate to the style ; anthers 6 or rarely 5, sessile or on very shortly free filaments. Stigma 8-, 5- or 6-lobed. Capsule usually 6-celled and opening in 6 valves from the base upwards, the pedicel itself also splitting. — Climbers or rarely erect herbs or undershrubs. Flowers axillary, solitary or in clusters or racemes. Perianth very large in some species not Australian. The genus is widely distributed over the warmer and temperate regions of the globe. Of the five Australian species one is a common South Asiatic one, the other four are endemic. — Bentli. Woody climbers, with coriaceous reticulate leaves. Leaves much acuminate, deeply cordate at the base. Perianth-lip broadly triangular 1. A. deltantlia. Leaves obtuse or scarcely acuminate, scarcely cordate at the base. Flowers unknown 2. A. prcevenosa. Small trailing herbs. Leaves membranous. Flowers solitary. Perianth-lip linear-lanceolate. Leaves 1 to 2in. long, oblong or ovate, cordate 3. A.pubera. Leaves 2 to Sin. long, linear or linear-lanceolate 4 .A. Tliozetii. Climbing herbs. Leaves membranous. Flowers in axillary racemes or clusters 5. A. indica. 1282 CVI. ARISTOLOCHIACEiE. [Aristolochia. 1. A. deltantha (flower-lip triangular), F. v. 31. Fragm. vi. 179 ; Benth. FI. Austr. \ i. 2 07. A tall climber, apparently woody, the branches at first pube- scent, but becoming glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong or oblong- lanceolate, acutely acuminate, deeply cordate at the base, 8 to 5in. long, coriaceous, smooth and shining above, penniveined, 3 or 5-nerved and very strongly reticulate underneath. Racemes about 2in. long. Pedicels and very young buds very hirsute. Perianth very dark in coloured stripes, hirsute, the tube about 4 lines long, the utricle very oblique, scarcely stipitate, the upper portion as long as the utricle, curved and dilated upwards, the lamina or lip forming an almost equilateral obtuse-angled triangle, 5 to 7 lines broad. Style hemispherical, with 6 erect stigmatic lobes, without any external transverse ring. Anthers sessile and equidistant. Fruit (only seen in an imperfect state) “ yellow, at least 3in. long and lin. diameter, with 6 prominent longitudinal ribs. Seeds and pulp yellow,” ( Dallachy ). Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Port Douglas. 2. A. praevenosa (much-veined), F. v. 31. Fragm. ii. 1G8; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 20S. A tall climbing shrub, the young branches and principal veins of the underside of the leaves ferruginous-pubescent or nearly glabrous. Leaves petiolate, from ovate-oblong and 3 to 4in. long, to narrow-oblong and 8 to 10in., obtuse or obtusely acuminate, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, coriaceous, shining above, penniveined and more or less distinctly 3- or 5-nerved, with numerous prominent transverse and reticulate veinlets underneath. Flowers unknown. Fruit of a rich yellow, somewhat succulent, oblong but somewhat narrowed towards the base and apex with a short point, 1+in. long., diameter 10 lines, 6 ribbed. Seeds compressed, triangular, sides slightly tuberculose-rugose. — Duchartre in DC. Prod, xv, i. 496 ; Bail. Bot. Bull. viii. Hab.: Macpherson Range, J. F. Shirley ; Nerang Creek, 11. Schneider. (Specimens from both localities in fruit only.) 3. A. pubera (downy), 77. Br. Prod. 349; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 208. A small prostrate or trailing herb, with an apparently perennial base, the stems sometimes attaining 1 to 2ft., sometimes not above 2 or 3in., more or less pubescent or sometimes quite glabrous. Leaves on rather long petioles, ovate ovate-lanceolate or oblong-pandurate, obtuse, cordate at the base with broad rounded auricles, 1 to 2in. long. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, 1 to 2 lines long below the ovary, which at the time of flowering is scarcely distinguish- able from it, usually bearing a very small bract near the base. Perianth light to darkish-brown, pubescent or glabrous outside the tube, 6 to 7 lines long, shortly constricted below the oblique utricle, slender and cylindrical above it, the lip lanceolate, about as long as the tube. Style broadly hemispherical, with 6 short narrow erect stigmatic lobes, surrounded at the base by a ring of gland-like horizontal lobes, immediately over the sessile anthers. Capsule stipitate, obovoid- globular, about Jin. long when perfect, but in some specimens much smaller. Seeds cymbiform, the outer convex surface elegantly tubercular-punctate. — A. strictiflora, Duch. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 484. Hab.: Brisbane River, W. Hill ; Rockhampton, O’Slianesy ; Elliot River and Nerkool Creek. Bowman; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; in herb 11. Brown without indication of the station. — Benth. 4. A. Thozetii (after A. Tozet), F. v. 31. Fragm. ii. 167 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 208. A trailing or prostrate herb, closely allied to and perhaps a variety of A. , pubera, usually rather stouter. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolote, broader at the base and cordate or hastate, usually 2 to 4in. long ; a few of the lower ones A ristolochia. 1 CVI. ARISTOLOCHIACEiE. 1283 rarely almost ovate-lanceolate. Pedicels solitary in the axils, hairy as well as the perianth tube; lip glabrous, very dark, narrow-linear, about 8 lines long. Fruit of A.pubera, and equally variable in size. — Duch. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 484. Hab. : Rockhampton, Thozet, O’Shanesy ; Keppel Bay, Tliozet; Herbert’s Creek, Bowman; Rockingham Bay, Dallaclnj ; Barron River, L. J. Nugent. Var. ? angustissima. Leaves very narrow and not dilated at the base, pedicels more slender and bracts longer. Flowers only seen very young. — Bentk. 5. A., indica (Indian), Linn.; Duch. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 479, Var? magna, F. v. 21. Frag in . vi. 180; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 209. A tall but apparently herbaceous glabrous twiner. Leaves in the typical form usually ovate-oblong or almost obovate, obtuse, truncate or cordate at the base, and 2 to 3in. long ; in the Australian variety broader, acutely acuminate, more deeply cordate, 3 to 6in. long, membranous, 5- or 7-nerved. Flowers in short axillary racemes, sometimes almost contracted into clusters, the pedicels usually longer than the common rhachis, and each with a small bract at the base. Perianth not seen in the Australian variety, in the typical form with a nearly globular utricle of nearly 2 lines diameter, the tube slender and about 3 lines long above the utricle, the lip oblong-linear or narrow-lanceolate, obtuse, f to nearly lin. long, slightly dilated and almost 2-auriculate at the base. Capsule ovoid, 1 to liin. long. Seeds flat, obtusely triangular, slightly tuberculate in the centre, with a broad smooth margin. — R. Br. Prod. 349. Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ( Herb . R. Brown) ; Rockingham Bay ,Dallachy ; Islands of Torres Strait. The species is widely distributed over East India and the Archipelago. Order CYII. PIPERACEAE. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, in closely packed spikes or rarely racemes, each with a subtending bract often stipitate. Perianth none. Stamens 2 to 10, inserted on the rhachis or at the base of the ovary. Ovary (except in the tribe Saururea >, which is not Australian) 1 -celled, with 1 erect ovule ; stigmas 1 to 6, sessile. Fruit a small indehiscent berry. Seed solitary with a farinaceous or fleshy albumen. Embryo minute at the upper end. — Herbs shrubs or climbers, sometimes succulent, often articulate at the nodes. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite or whorled, entire, usually minutely pellucid dotted, with or without stipules. Flowers small, the spikes terminal, leaf-opposed or rarely axillary. The Order is generally distributed over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New and the Old World, consisting chiefly of the two Australian genera, both of which range over the general area of the Order. — Benth. Anthers of 2 distant cells placed back to back, each opening in 2 valves. Stigmas 2 to 4, usually 3. Shrubs trees or climbers, rarely tall herbs ... 1. Piper. Anther-cells confluent, the whole anther opening in 2 valves. Stigma tufted. Herbs often small 2. Peperovia. The spurious dissepiment which so frequently divides the young anther-cell more or less perfectly into two is usually very prominent in Piperace®, and the anther is therefore sometimes, described as 4-celled in Piper, and 2-celled in Peperomia.— Benth. 1. PIPER, Linn. (From the Bengalese name.) (Potomorphe and Macropiper, Miq.) Flowers unisexual or hermaphrodite, the subtending bract peltate or adnate. Stamens in the Australian species 2 or 3 ; anthers of 2 distinct ceils placed back to back, each opening outwards in 2 valves. Ovary 1-celled, with a single ovary. Stigmas 3, or in species not Australian 2, 4 or more. Berries sessile or stipitate. — Shrubs trees or woody climbers, rarely tall herbs, the branches 1284 CVII. PIPERACEiE. [Piper. usually articulate at the nodes. Leaves alternate. Spikes usually leaf-opposed and solitary, rarely clustered or solitary on short axillary peduncles or branches. The genus ranges over all tropical lands, slightly extending to the southward in Australasia and S. America. Of the six Queensland species one has the wide range of the genus; the others are endemic. Spikes solitary or 2 or more together on axillary peduncles or short branches. Bushy erect shrubs or tall herbs. Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves 6 to 12in. broad 1 . P. subpeltatum. Spikes all solitary and leaf-opposed. Stems climbing. Spikes unisexual. Spikes all dense, £ to lin. long. Bracts peltate. Anthers exserted. Berries stipitate. Leaves membranous, glabrous 2. P. Xovae-Hollandia. Male spikes unknown. Females 1 to 3in. long. Berries stipitate. Leaves pubescent underneath 3. P. Banksii. Male spikes slender, 3 to 5in. long, the coils of flowers separated by the adnate bracts. Anthers exserted. Females unknown ... 4. P. triandrum. Spikes (female) about 2in. long, 5 lines in diameter. Peduncles about 9 lines long 5. P. Mestoni. Spikes (female) 3 to 4in. long, not stout. Peduncles about ltin.long 6. P. Rothiana. 1. P. subpeltatum (somewhat peltate), Willd.; Gas. PC. Prod. xvi. i. 883 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 204. A large herb, or shrub of 3 to 5ft., glabrous or with a minute pubescence on the petioles and nerves of the leaves and on the inflorescence. Leaves on long petioles, orbicular- cordate or almost reniform, shortly and acutely acuminate, membranous, prominently many-nerved at the base, with 1 or 2 primary veins on each side of the midrib higher up, 6 to 12in. broad, the petiole shortly sheathing at the base. Spikes usually 2, sometimes 3 to 7 together, shortly pedicel- late on a common axillary peduncle of J to lin., and often 2 common peduncles in the same axil, the spikes very dense, 1 to 3in. long. Bracts peltate, the terminal laminae triangular or semilunar, hirsute at the margin. Flowers hermaphrodite. Berries obovate- 3-gonous, glandular-pubescent. — Potomorphe subpeitata, Miq., Wight Ic. t. 1925. Hab.: Inmost of the tropical scrubs. Widely spread over the tropical regions of both the New and the Old W3 * * * 7orld. 2. P. Wovae-Hollandiae (of New Holland — Australia), Miq. Pip. Nor Holl. (from Med del. K. Akad. Vetensk. Amsterd. ser. 2, ii.) ; Benth. FI. Austr • vi. 204. A tall dichotomous plant climbing up trees in dense scrubs. Leaves on the barren branches usually broadly ovate, equally cordate, acuminate, 7-nerved, 3 to 4in. long; on flowering branches not so broad, unequal at the base, scarcely cordate, and quintupli- or septupli-nerved. Spikes unisexual, leaf-opposed, the males 4- to nearly lin. long, on slender peduncles rather shorter than the spike, very dense, 1 to 14 line diameter. Bracts orbicular-peltate, the lamina much undulate when the flowers are fully out. Stamens 2 or 3, shortly exserted. Fruiting spike not longer than the males. Berries ovoid, red, 2 to 8 lines long, on stipules at least twice that length when full-grown. — Cas. DC. Prod. xvi. i. 343. Hab.: Brisbane River and Moreton Bay, TV. Hill; Rockhampton, Thozct ; Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy. The ethereal spirituous extract of the wood yields crystals, the nature of which has not been ascertained. — Dr. Joseph Bancroft. Wood coarse-grained and pungently scented when newly cut. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, Ho. 305. 3. P. Banksii (after Sir Joseph Banks). Miq. Pip. Xor. Holl. 9 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 205. A tall woody climber, the branches and upper surface of the leaves glabrous or nearly so. Leaves ovate, acuminate, oblique and often slightly cordate at the base, membranous, septuplinerved, 3 to Gin. long, more or less sprinkled or villous underneath with scattered hairs. Spikes Piper ] CVII. PIPERACE/E. 1285 unisexual, the males not seen, the females leaf-opposed, 1 to 3in. long, on peduncles rarely exceeding -Jin. Berries red, ovoid or almost globular, 2 to 2J lines long, on stipules of about the same length. — Cas. DC. Prod. xvi. i. 342. Hub.: Endeavour River, Bunks and Solander; and many other tropical scrubs. 4. P. triandrum (3 stamens), F. v. 21. Frafpn. v. 197 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. vi. 205. A bushy climber, quite glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, acuminate, unequal at the base, but scarcely cordate, membranous, quintupli or septupli-nerved, 3 to 5in. long. Males spikes leaf-opposed, slender; 3 to 5in. long. Bracts adnate to the rhachis, with a very small free margin separating the coils or rings of flowers. Stamens 3, the anthers slightly protruding. Female spikes very slender, 3 to Tin. long ; peduncles scarcely lin. long. Berries roundish-oval, about 2 lines long, never crowded. — Cas. DC. Prod, xvi. i. 365. Hab.: Mackay ,Dallachy, and many other tropical scrubs. 5. P„ (Chavica) l^estoni (after A. Meston). Queensland Long Pepper. A large climber adhering to the stems of trees by adventitious roots. Leaves broadly ovate-acuminate, rounded at the base, and nearly or quite equal- sided, 6 to Sin. long, 4 to 5in. broad, on petioles of about fin., septuplinerved. Spikes unisexual, leaf opposed ; males not seen ; females or fruiting spikes of a brownish colour, formed by the firmly united fruits, nearly 2in. long and 5 lines diameter at the base, terete, tapering towards the end. Peduncles about fin. long. Styles rather prominent, 2-lipped. Hab.: Harvey’s Creek, Russell River. This species is nearly allied to P. Chaba, Hunter in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. v. 83 (the Chavica peepuloides, Miq. of Wight Ic. t. 1927). This and the following species are near allies of the Long Pepper of commerce. 6. 2?. (Chavica) Rothiana (after Dr. W. E. Roth), Bail. Ql. Ayric. Journ. v. 391. “ Chib-bi,” Atherton, J. F. Bailey. A tall climbing plant adhering to tree trunks by adventitious roots, like Ivy. Leaves ovate-acuminate, 4 to Gin. long, 2 to 2Jin. broad, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, usually 5-nerved ; petiole stout, about 4 lines long, hairy as well as the lower parts of the nerves. Spikes (only fruiting spikes obtained) nearly horizontal from the branch, 3 to 4in. long, not very stout, on peduncles of about 1-Jin. The dried fruitlets f line long. Hab.: Atherton, J. F. Bailey. The aboriginal word above quoted seems a generic name for Pipers. — J. F. Bailey. 2. PEPEROMIA, Ruiz, and Pav. (Analogous to Piper.) Flowers hermaphrodite, the subtending bract peltite. Stamens 2 ; anther- cells confluent at the apex, the whole anther opening in 2 valves. Ovary 1-celled with a single ovule. Stigma tufted or capitate. Berries sessile or scarcely stipitate. — Herbs sometimes very small, rarely tall or shrubby at the base. Leaves alternate opposite or whorled, usually succulent or membranous and pellucid-dotted. Spikes slender, terminal axillary or rarely leaf-opposed. Flowers and berries very small. The genus is spread over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New and the Old World, but it is especially rich in American species. Of the three Australian species one is also in the Pacific Islands, one extends over nearly the whole area of the genus, the other is endemic. Leaves usually opposite, pubescent, thin when dry 1. P. leptostachya. Leaves in whorls of four, glabrous or nearly so, coriaceous when dry ... 2. P. reflexa. Leaves opposite or three in a whorl, glabrous 3. P. enervis. 1266 CVII. PIPERACEjE. [Peperomia* 1. P. leptostachya (slender-spiked), Hook, and Am. Bot. Beech. 96 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 206. Stems shortly decumbent and rooting at the base, ascending or erect from a few inches to about 1ft. long, more or less pubescent with scattered hairs as well as the foliage. Leaves opposite or rarely appearing whorled from the close approximation of two whorls under the branches, ovate- elliptical or obovate, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, under 4in. long in rocky exposed situations, above lin. in shady places, cuneate or rounded at the base, thinly membranous when dry, 5 -nerved but the lateral nerves near the margin and sometimes very faint. Spikes very slender, terminal or in the upper axils 2 to 3in. long or even more. Bracts very small, peltate, almost sessile. Berries usually pubescent. — Cas. DC. Prod. xvi. i. 448; Miq. Pip. Nov. Holl. 6; P. Baueriana var. brisbaniana, Cas. DC. l.c. 414. Hab.: Brisbane River. Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton, common in the scrubs, O’Shanesy, Bowman, DaJlachy ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; very common on rocks every- where. The species is also in the Pacific Islands, and is very closely allied to an East Indian one. 2. P. reflexa (reflexed). A. Dietr .; Cas. in DC. Prod. xvi. i. 451 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 206. A small erect or diffuse herb, said to be annual, 2-3- chotomously branched, more or less succulent and quite glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves in whorls of 4, very shortly petiolate or almost sessile, ovate rhomboid al or almost orbicular, very obtuse, ^ to |in. long, fleshy when fresh,, coriaceous when dry, the veins very obscure. Spikes terminal, dense, shortly pedunculate, £ to liin. long. Bracts almost sessile, peltate. Ovary half- immersed, with a capitate stigma. Berries exserted. — Miq. Pip. Nov. Holl. 7 Wight Ic. t. 1923. Hab.: Common on the rocks of southern ranges. Common in most tropical countries. 3. P. enervis (veinless), C. DC. et. F. v. M. Viet. Nat. Nov. 1891. Rather dwarf, sometimes attaining the height of 1ft., erect or diffuse, flaccid,, glabrous ; the upper branches angular. Leaves 6 to 9 lines long, cuneate- obovate, the lateral veins almost obliterated. Flower spikes solitary, or occasionally 2 together, from 1 to liin. long, very slender, mostly terminal, pedunculate ; flowers close, bracts very minute, orbicular, ovary almost entirely immersed, stigma oblique. Fruit minute, almost globular, when dry slightly rough. Hab.: Bartle Frere, Stephen Johnson and A. Meston. Order CVIII. MYRISTICE^l. (From myristikos, smelling of myrrh.) Flowers dioecious, regular. Perianth deciduous, 3-lobed or rarely 2- or 4- lobed, the lobes valvate in the bud. Male fl. Stamens united in a central column ; anthers 3, 6 or more adnate to the column at the apex, or in a ring immediately below the column, each with 2 parallel cells opening longi- tudinally. Female fl. Ovary free within the perianth, with a single erect anatropous ovule ; stigma sessile or nearly so, capitate or depressed. Fruit succulent, opening tardily in 2 valves. Seed erect, sessile, more or less covered with a lobed or jagged often scarlet arillus (or arillodium) proceeding from the base of the seed. Albumen remarkably ruminate. Embryo very small, at th& base of the seed, with divaricate cotyledons. — Trees often aromatic. Leaves alternate, entire, usually dotted, penniveined, without stipules. Flowers small, in axillary or supra-axillary racemes or panicles, more numerous in the males then in the females. Bracts minute or none. The Order is limited to the single genus Myristica. CVIII. MYBISTIOEiB. 1287 1. MYRISTICA, Linn. Characters those of the Order. The genus is entirely tropical, most abundant in the Eastern Archipelago, with a few species from Continental India or from the Mascarene and South Pacific Islands, and several from tropical America. The only Australian species may be endemic, but is closely allied to an Indian one. — Bentli. 1. 1YE. insipida (insipid), U. Br. Prod. 400; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 281. Native Nutmeg. “ Ivurroonbah,” Barron River, J. F. Bailey, “ Gooroombah,” Tully River, J. F. Bailey. A fine tree of 60 to 70ft. or more glabrous, but the young branches and petioles often ferruginous. Leaves oval- elliptical or oblong, shortly acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base, all under 4in. long in some specimens, all above Gin. in others, and often very variable in size and breadth on the same specimens, pale and shining above with the veins impressed, more or less glaucous underneath, with from 7 to 20 prominent primary veins on each side of the midrib. Male flowers few or rather numerous, in sessile axillary clusters. Pedicels shorter than the perianth, with a small broad ciliolate bract close under the flowers. Perianth cylindrical, 2 to 24 lines long, with 3 lobes scarcely above 4 line long. Staminal column included, not dilated at the top ; anthers 6, linear, adnate in a ring below the top of the column and occupying two-thirds of its length. Female flowers not seen. Fruits solitary or 2 together on very short thick axillary pedicels, ovoid or ovoid-oblong, about lin. long, rusty-tomentose or nearly glabrous. Seeds normal ; embryo with very small thick divaricate cotyledons quite entire. — A. DC. Prod. xiv. 206; cirnicifera, R. Br. Prod. 400 ; A. DC. l.c. 191. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander; Albany Island, IF. Hill : Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy ; near Rockhampton, Thozet. Wood of a pinkish-grey colour, tough and easily worked. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Hoods, No. 30G. Order CIX. MONIMIACEjE. Perianth regular, usually at first globular or nearly so or more and less adnate to or continuous with the expanded receptacle or staminal disk, the limb of 4 or more connivent lobes or segments in 2 or rarely more rows but all of similar texture, calycine or scarcely petaloid, deciduous or persistent. Stamens either definite and opposite the perianth-segments or more frequently indefinite and irregularly arranged in several rows ; filaments very short ; anthers adnate, usually extrorse, the cells opening in separate valves or in longitudinal slits, either distinct or confluent at the axpex. Gynoecium of several carpels, free and dis- tinct, rarely reduced to a single one, each with a single ascending or pendulous anatropous ovule. Style terminal, usually oblique excentrical or almost lateral, filiform or very short or almost none, with a small or pulvinate terminal stigma. Fruit of several (or rarely only one) 1 -seeded drupes or nuts, resting on the expanded receptacle or persistent portion of the perianth tube or enclosed in the enlarged perianth. Seed with a membranous testa and fleshy albumen. Embryo usually very small, with divaricate or appressed cotyledons and a short or long radicle next the hilum.— Trees shrubs or woody climbers, usually glandular- dotted and aromatic. Leaves opposite entire or toothed, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in trichotomous cymes of definite raceme-like or thyrsoid panicles, axillary or rarely terminal. Bracts usually very small. The Order is chiefly South American, tropical with a few extratropical species, and is also represented in the Mascarene Islands and more sparingly in tropical Asia, New Zealand, and the islands of the South Pacific. Tribe I. PXonimieae. — Anther-cells opening longitudinally, with 2 distinct cells or the cells confluent at the apex. Omiles pendulous. Perianth 4-lobed. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Carpels numerous. Fruiting perianth enlarged, irregularly globose com- pletely enclosing the carpels. Stems climbing 1. Palmeria, Part IV. S 1288 CIX. MONIMIACEjE. Stamens indefinite, few or numerous, irregularly lining the perianth-tube. Flowers usually dioecious 2. Mollixedia. Stamens 4, opposite the perianth-lobes, with frequently 1 to 3 smaller ones within. Flowers usually monoecious 3. Kibara. Fruiting perianth circumsciss or expanding under the carpels and scarcely enlarged. Carpels numerous 4. Hkdycarya. Flowers polygamous. Perianth-segments or scales about 6. Stamens numerous, filaments filiform. Carpels solitary. Stems climbing ... 5. Piptocalyx. Tribe II. Atlierosperznea?. — Anther-cells distinct, opening each in a separate valve from the base upwards. Ovule erect or rarely pendulous. Flowers unisexual. Anther-connective not produced 6. Atherosperma. Flowers hermaphrodite. Anther-connective with a long subulate appendage 7. Doryphora. Flowers hermaphrodite, small, in thrysoid panicles. Anther-conective not produced 8. Daphxaxdra. 1. PALMERIA, F. v. M. (Alter J. Palmer.) Flowers dioecious. Male perianth hemispherical, with 4 or 5 connivent lobes. Stamens numerous, without staminodia or rudimentary carpels ; anthers sessile or nearly so ; the cells distinct, opening longitudinally. Female perianth nearly globular, with a minute orifice, staminodia none. Carpels numerous, with 1 pendulous ovule in each ; styles filiform slighlly protruding through the orifice of the perianth. Fruiting perianth enlarged, irregularly globular or pear-shaped, completely enclosing the drupes. Seed pendulous. — Woody climbers (or trees?). Leaves entire. Flowers small, in axillary raceme-like cymes or panicles. Bracts none. The genus is endemic in Australia. 1. P. scandens (climbing), F. v. 31. Fraym. iv. 152, v. 2 ; Bcntli. FI. Austr. v. 291. A tall woody climber, the branches minutely tomentose or woolly pubescent. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate or broadly elliptical, acumi- nate, 3 to oin. long, hoary tomentose on both sides or at length glabrous above. Male inflorescences somewhat branched and half as long as the leaves, female shorter and more simple. Male perianth about 2 lines diameter, flat on the top, the lobes connivent and produced into long points inflexed over the stamens into the centre of the disk before the flower expands. Stamens 16 to 20, surrounding in several rows a small hairy disk ; anthers oblong, slightly hairy, not longer than the perianth. Female perianth about 1J line diameter, densely villous inside. Carpels 10 or more, glabrous, tapering into the style. Fruiting perianth irregularly shaped, more or less fleshy, about iin. diameter. Drupes glabrous, with a thin exocarp and hard bony endccarp. Seed with a membranous testa, pendulous from near the apex of the cavity, with a rather long hilum, the inside dried up and the embryo undeveloped in all the drupes opened.— A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 657. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Ballachy ; Wild River, .7. F. Bailey. 2. MOLLINEDIA, Ruiz, and Pav. Flowers unisexual, usually dioecious. Perianth ovoid globular or turbinate, nearly closed by 4 connivent lobes or rarely, in species not Australian, more deeply divided and spreading. Stamens in the males indefinite, few or many, irregularly lining the inside of the perianth-tube ; anthers sessile or nearly so, the cells confluent at the apex and opening longitudinally round the apex and to the base on each side, without staminodia or abortive carpels. Female perianth circumsciss after flowering; staminodia none. Carpels usually numerous, covering the receptacle in many rows, with one pendulous ovule in each ; style very short and obtuse or the stigma sessile. Fruiting carpels several, ovoid, Mollinedia .] CIX. MONIMIACEiE. 1289 /drupaceous, sessile or stipitate on the expanded receptacle. Seed with a fleshy albumen ; embryo small, with small erect cotyledons, the radicle superior. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire or toothed. Flowers small, in axillary lateral or almost terminal cymes or thyrsoid panicles. Bracts very small. The genus is rather numerous in tropical America, but unknown elsewhere besides the Australian species, which are endemic. — Benth. Leaves coriaceous, much reticulate underneath, the petioles short. Young parts often pubescent. Ovary and young fruits villous 1. 31. Huegeliana. Leaves prominently veined, narrow-lanceolate, margins more or less toothed. Peduncles slender, single or forked ; flowers few. Receptacle and carpels glabrous 2. 31. angustifolia. Leaves membranous or chartaceous, obtuse, the veins scarcely prominent. Petioles rather long. Flowers and fruit glabrous 3. M. Wardellii. •Leaves smooth lanceolate, margins entire. Receptacle hairy 4. ilL macooraia. •Leaves nearly of M. Wardellii. Carpels of the fruit obtusely and obliquely acuminate 5. 31. loxocarya. Leaves nearly of ,1/. Wardellii, but acutely acuminate. Stamens crowded on the disk 6. M. acuminata. Leaves sometimes nearly in whorls of three, broad-lanceolate. Carpels hairy 7. M. subternata. 1. H. Huegeliana (after Baron C. von Huegel), Till, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. viii. 399 ; and in Archie. Mus. Par. viii. 399 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 286. A small tree, the young shoots inflorescence and underside of the leaves usually pubescent. X/eaves on short petioles, ovate-elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, entire or bordered by short rigid teeth, rounded or rarely acute at the base, mostly 3 to 4in. long, but varying to short and broad or long and narrow, mere coriaceous and shining above than other species, strongly reticulate. Flowers apparently dioecious, in little cymes or thyrsoid panicles very short and sessile or nearly so in the axils, pedicels rather long in the males with a very short common, peduncle, the pedicels shorter in the females with a longer peduncle or rhachis, almost forming a few-flowered raceme of about an inch. Male perianth glabrous, nearly globular, about 1 line diameter, the small orifice almost closed by 4 minute broad lobes, 2 inside the 2 others and 1 or 2 outer lobes (or adnate bracts?) opposite the inner ones. Stamens 8 to 14, irregularly lining the perianth as in American Mollinedice. Female perianth larger, very villous inside, circumsciss after flowering. Carpels numerous and villous. Drupes sessile on the base of the perianth or disk, expanded to a diameter of 3 or 4 lines, ovoid-globose, Jin. long, pubescent or at length glabrous. — Wilkiea Huegeliana, A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 669. Hab. : Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser, F. v. Mueller-, the most .■common’species. Wood light-coloured, close-grained, hard and tough. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 306a. 2. M. angustifolia (leaves narrow), Bail. Bot. Bull. v. 23. A tall shrub •or small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves prominently veined, like those of M. Huegeliana, narrow-lanceolate attaining the length of 5in., and at the widest •part not over ljin., attenuated towards each end ; apex very blunt ; margins undulate and more or less toothed ; petiole" very short. Peduncles axillary, about Jin. long, quite slender, bearing a single or, when forked, 2 or more flowers. Receptacle and carpels glabrous. Hab.: Bellenden-Ker, at about 3,000 or 4,000ft. elevation. I would not venture to name from such imperfect material were it not in the hope that a short notice may enable persons visiting the locality to identify the plants and collect those portions wanting to complete the /diagnosis. 3. 1VI. Wardelli (after W. Wardell), F. v. 21. Fragm. v. 155 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 287. A glabrous shrub. Leaves ovate elliptical or obovate-oblong, 'obtuse, obscurely crenulate, contracted into a rather long petiole, mostly about 1200 CIX. MONIMIACEjE. [ Mollinedia 2in. long, but varying from H to 3in., of a much thinner consistence than in M. Huegcliana, and the primary veins scarcely conspicuous. Panicles thrysoid, loose, often as long as the leaves. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Male perianth obovoid, globular, li line diameter, with 4 short broad connivent lobes. Stamens 15 to 20, irregularly lining the perianth as in the American Mollinedia;. Fruiting perianth circumsciss, the carpels or drupes ovoid-globular, obtuse, glabrous, 4 to 5 lines long, very shortly stipitate on the flat expanded perianth- base or disk. — Wardellia paniculata, F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 252. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy. 4. wr. macooraia (aboriginal name of South Peak of Bellenden-Ker), Bail. Bat. Bull. v. 23. A tall shrub or small tree, quite glabrous except the inflore- sence ; leaves coriaceous, smooth, lanceolate, on very short thick petioles, 2 or 3in. long by ljin. wide in the middle ; margins quite entire, the apex more or less elongated ; lateral veins numerous and almost parallel. Peduncles terminal or becoming lateral from the growth of the shoot, enlarged under the receptacle, but sometimes a common very short peduncle bearing two branches, but usually single. Receptacle hairy, carpels 4 to 12, iin. or more long, oblong, nearly or quite sessile. Ilab.: Bellenden-Ker Range up to the summit of the South Peak, 5,000ft. This plant somew hat resembles M. Wardellii ; but differs too much in fruit and foliage to allow of its being placed under that species. 5. WE. loxocarya (oblique fruit), Benth. FI. Austr. v. 287. A glabrous shrub, apparently very nearly allied to M. Wardellii, the branches often com- pressed under the leaves as in Kibara macrophylla. Leaves elliptical-oblong, contracted into a rather long petiole as in il I. Wardellii and of the same con- sistence, obtuse or shortly acuminate, quite entire, 3 to 4in. long. Flowers not seen. Fruiting panicles to 2in. long, resembling those of M. Wardellii, but with a pair of small leaves under the first pair of peduncles and the carpels or drupes closely sessile ovoid and shortly obliquely and obtusely acuminate. Hab : Rockingham Bay, and other tropical scrubs. Wood yellowish, close-grained, ad prettily marked. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. B'oods, No. 307. G. XVE. acuminata (leaves pointed), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 155 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 2S7. A small tree, quite glabrous or the inflorescence slightly pubescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or elliptical, acutely acuminate, contracted into a rather long petiole, entire or obscurely and irregularly denticulate, 2 to 3in. long, rather thinner even than in the last two species but not seen in an old state. Panicles thyrsoid, shorter than the leaves, axillary or terminal. Flowers small. Male perianth glabrous, depressed-globular, about H line diameter, with 2 short broad bracteoles sometimes adnate at the base ; lobes 8 in 2 rows, the 4 outer ones orbicular and much imbricate, the 4 inner narrower and almost valvate. Anthers rather numerous, nearly sessile, occupying the whole disk or with a few abortive hairy carpels in the centre ; the outer ones with 2 parallel dorsal cells opening longitudinally as in Hedgcanja, the inner ones with the cells confluent at the apex as in Mollinedia. Female flowers and fruits unknown. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy. This plant, with the habit and general aspect nearly of il/. H’ardelli, is evidently not a congener, the perianth and androecium being much nearer to, although certainly not identical with, those of Hedycnnja. In the absence, however, of female flowers and fruits its real genus cannot be determined, and I have therefore refrained from giving it a new name to be rejec hereafter as another superfluous synonym. — Benth. Mollinedia.] CIX. MONIMIACE/E. 1201 7. IWE. subternata (leaves often appearing as in whorls of three), Bail. But. Bull. v. 22 ; “Wonda,” Tully River, Roth. A tall shrub or small tree, with long •dependent branches, which, with the petioles, midrib, and primary nerves, are clothed by a greyish tomentum. Leaves in whorls of 3, 1 of which is often placed very slightly lower than the other 2, broad-lanceolate, 3J to 5 Jin. long, 1J to 2Jin. broad, tapering or slightly rounded at the base, elongated to a sharp apex, which is usually furnished with a bristle-like point, glabrous except for the hairs upon the nerves and veins; petiole slender, about Jin. long. Peduncles axillary, slender, about ljin. long, bearing 2 spreading branches at the top, each bearing 1 or more pedicellate flowers ; receptacle hairy. Carpels 7 or less, shortly stipitate, roundly oval, about 4 lines long, hairy, but becoming nearly glabrous when ripe. Flowers not yet obtained. Hab.: Freshwater Creek, near Cairns, E. Cou-ley ; Tully Eiver, 1 loth. Wood used for fire-sticks, Roth. Wood of a brown colour, nicely marked, soft and light, useful for cabinet work. — Bailey's •Cat. Ql. (Foods, No. 306b. 3. KIBARA, Endi. (Brongniartia, Blume ; Sciadicarpus, Hassk ; Sarcostigma, Griff ; Wilkiea,. V v. Mueller.) Flowers unisexual, usually monoecious. Perianth ovoid-globular or hemis- ipherical, nearly closed by 4 short connivent lobes or teeth, usually (but not in •all species) indexed, or thickened inside in the females. Male fl. Stamens 4 opposite the perianth-lobes, the filaments flattened and more or less adnate to the tube, and above their union either distinct or united in a cup or ring, always shorter than the perianth, and usually 1,2, or 3 shorter stamens within the four; anther-cells confluent in a single terminal cell opening longitudinally. No rudimentary carpels. Female perianth circumsciss. Staminodia none (unless the thickened interior of the perianth lobes be regarded as such). Carpels several, often numerous, with 1 pendulous ovule in each. Style short and obtuse. Fruiting carpels several, ovoid, drupaceous, sessile or stipitate on the ■expanded receptacle. Seed with a fleshy albumen ; embryo small, with small erect cotyledons, the radicle superior.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire or acutely toothed. Flowers small, in axillary cymes or panicles. Bracts very small. The Australian species are endemic, the genus comprises 1 or perhaps 3 or 4 from the Malayan Peninsula and the Indian Archipelago. The fruits of Mollinedia, Kibara, and Hedycarya supply no generic distinctive characters. — Benth. Flowers and the whole plant glabrous. Leaves narrow, rigidly coriaceous. Petioles short. Inflorescence very short. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long 1. K. macrophylla. Leaves broad, thinly coriaceous. Inflorescence loose. Pedicels lin. long or more 2. A', longipcs. Inflorescence and often the foliage pubescent. Panicles loose. Carpels stipitate 3 . K. laxi flora. Panicles short. Carpels sessile : . . 4. K. pubescens. 1. X. macrophylla (leaves long), Benth. FI. Austr. v. 288. A tree of considerable size, perfectly glabrous in all its parts. Leaves on very short petioles, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, bordered by short pungent-pointed teeth or almost or quite entire, cuneate rounded or cordate at the base, rigidly coriaceous, shining and reticulate. Inflorescence simple or branched, axillary, very short, rarely above £in. long. Pedicels slender, 2 to 3 lines long, with a small bract close under the flower. Perianth globular, quite glabrous, about 1 line diameter, the females with a minute orifice very minutely 4-toothed with thick reflexed fleshy glands (points of the lobes ? or staminodia ?) inside, the males rather less closed and not thickened. Stamens in the males 4 opposite the lobes, shortly free, with very shortly broad filaments, and 1 or 1292 CIX. MONIMIACEjE. [Kibara. 2 smaller ones inside. Carpels in the females 12 to 15, perfectly glabrous, with broad thick flat sessile stigmas. Drupes closely sessile, ovoid, smooth and' glabrous, about fin. long. — Hedycarya macrophylla, A. Cunn. in Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. 1, i. 215 ; Mollinedia macrophylla , Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. iii. 45. and in Archiv. Mus. Par. viii. 401 ; WUkiea calyptrocaly.r, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Yict. ii. G4 and Fragm. v. 3 (partly) ; IV. macrophylla , A. I)C. Prod, xvi. ii. 669. Hub.: Endeavour River, A. Cunningham; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A Cunningham, F. v. Mueller and others ; Rockhampton, Dallachy, Thozet, O' Shanesy . Wood light-coloured, close-grained, and nicely marked. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 307a. 2. K. longipes (pedicels long), Benth. FI. Austr. v. 289. A tree of considerable size, perfectly glabrous in all its parts. Leaves elliptical oblong or ovate, shortly acuminate, entire or with a few irregular teeth, acute at the base, 4 to 8in. long, smooth and somewhat shining but much thinner than in K. macrophylla. Peduncles slender, axillary or supra-axillary, divaricately branched, forming loose panicles often half as long as the leaves and very broad. Pedicels often lin. long, slightly thickened upwards. Bracteoles 1 or 2, minute, close under the perianth. Flowers monoecious, the males and females in the same same panicle, and the latter much the more numerous. Perianths nearly globular, 1 to If line diameter, the males with 4 connivent lobes, the 2 outer broader than the 2 inner, and not thickened insids ; females with a small orifice closed by 4 small lobes, 2 outer and 2 inner, each with a thick reflexed gland-like scale inside. Stamens 4, more or less connate, with 1 or 2 small ones inside. Carpels in the females 11 to 13, oblong, conical, pubescent, with small glabrous stigmatic tips. Perianth circumsciss after flowering. Drupes ovoid, about fin. long, glabrous or smooth, very shortly stipitate on the expanded disk or base of the perianth. Hah.: Tropical scrubs. Very closely allied to, but perhaps really distinct from the Malayan K. coriacea. Wood straw-coloured, close in grain, bard and nicely marked. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 308. 3. KL. laxiflora (loose panicles of flowers), Bcntli. FI. Austr. v. 289. A small tree, the young branches and foliage more or less pubescent. Leaves elliptical or oblong, acuminate or obtuse, rounded or acute at the base, entire or slightly toothed, 2 to 4in. long. Panicles axillary or from leafless nodes, trichotomous and loose, but usually shorter than the leaves, the males more branched and with more flowers than the females, but sometimes both sexes in the same panicle. Pedicels 2 to 4 lines long, bearing often a small bract at some distance from the flower. Male perianth depressed-globular, 1 to If line diameter, the orifice almost closed by 4 small lobes. Stamens 4, united in a broad fleshy cup or tube, pubescent inside, and so far as observed without any additional inner stamens. Female perianth similar to the male, but twice the size, with a more minute orifice, and circumsciss after flowering, neither male nor female with any inflexed point or scale within the lobes. Carpels above 30, hispid, with short glabrous stigmatic styles, connivent and almost coherent at the tips. Drupes nearly globular or shortly ovoid, nearly fin. long, distinctly stipitate on the expanded disk or base of the perianth. Ilab.: Rockingham Bay and other tropical scrubs. 4. K. pubescens (pubescent), Benth. FI. Austr. v. 290. A tree, the branches inflorescence and young foliage more or less pubescent, the older leaves often glabrous or nearly so. Leaves from broadly ovate-elliptical to oblong- lanceolate, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, shortly and rigidly toothed or nearly entire, rounded at the base, becoming at length coriaceous with the Kiba r/i.] CIX- MONIMACEiE. 1293 veins prominent underneath, 2 to 4in. long, on petioles of \ to ^in. Flowers in small cymes or clusters sometimes lengthened into short thyrsoid panicles, which are sessile or pedunculate, but usually scarcely £ so long as the leaves. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long. Bracts adnate to the perianth. Perianth about 1 line diameter, nearly globular, the orifice closed with 4 small lobes, thin in the males, thickened inside in the females. Stamens 4 opposite to the perianth lobes, the filaments shortly free and distinct, with 1 or 2 smaller stamens within them. Female perianth circumsciss. Carpels numerous, villous, with thick glabrous nearly sessile stigma. Drupes closely sessile on the dilated disk or base of the perianth, ovoid, glabrous or nearly so, 3 to 4 lines long. Hab : Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy , and southern localities (with the flowers chiefly males). Wood of a light-brown colour, very prettily marked, resembling English Oak ; soft, suitable for cabinet-work. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Jlroods, No. 307b. 4. HED YCARYA, Forst. (Fruit of one species sweet). Flowers dicecious. Perianth hemispherical or flat, with about 8 (7 to 10) small inflexed lobes. Stamens in the males numerous, covering the whole disk or leaving a small villous centre, without rudimentary carpels ; anthers sessile or nearly so, the cells usually lateral, distinct, opening longitudinally. Carpels in the females numerous, sessile, occupying the whole disk without staminodia, with one pendulous ovule in each, and terminating in a short thick obtuse style. Fruiting carpels drupaceous, small numerous crowded and almost coherent in the Australian species, larger fewer and distinct (as in Mollinedia and Kibara) in other species. Seed with a fleshy albumen. Embryo small, with erect cotyle- dons.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves toothed or entire. Flowers in short axillary cymes or raceme-like panicles. Bracts small or none. Besides the Australian species which is endemic, there is one from New Zealand and another from the islands of the S. Pacific. 1. IX. angustifolia (leaves narrow), A. Cunn. in Ami. Nat. Hist. Sen 1, i. 215 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 291. A tall shrub or small tree, the young shoots and inflorescence slightly hoary-pubescent, the adult parts glabrous. Leaves on rather long petioles, from ovate-elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, acute or rarely rounded at the base, irregularly serrate-crenate or almost entire, mostly 3 to 4in. long, rigidly membranous, penniveined and broadly reticulate. Flowers in short axillary raceme-like cymes, the pedicels very variable in length. Bracts usually very small or none, rarely larger and leaf-like. Perianth flatly hemispherical, 2^ to 3 lines diameter, with 8 or 10 small inflexed lobes. Stamens very numerous, covering the whole disk or concealing a very small central space. Female perianth at first smaller than the male, with smaller inflexed lobes, which become reflexed as the disk and carpels enlarge. Carpels very numerous, surrounded by a few abortive ones (or staminodia ?). Drupes 10 to 20, nearly globular and succulent, each 1 to H line diameter, all closely packed and almost connate in a globular fruit of 3 or 4 lines diameter. Endocarps crustaceous, minutely rugose. — H. Cunnintjhamii, Tul. in Arch. Mus. Par. viii. 408 ; H. dentata, var. australasica, Sond. in Linnaea xxviii. 228 ; H. australasica , A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 073 ; FI. pseudomorus, F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. ii. 63, PI. Viet. i. 23, t. suppl. 2. Hab.: Mount Mistake and other southern localities. 5. PIPTOCALYX, Oliv. (From pipto to fall, and calyx). Flowers polygamous. Perianth-tube or disk very short, segments about 6, nearly equal, in 2 rows, very deciduous. Stamens indefinate, filaments filiform ; 1294 CIX. MONIMIACE.dE. [ Piptocahjx. anthers oblong-linear, adnate, the cells distinct and parallel, opening longitu- dinally ; no rudimentary carpels in the male flowers. Hermaphrodite flowers with stamens as in the males and a single carpel, with a single pendulous anatro- pous ovule and a sessile broad stigma. Fruit unknown. — Woody climber. Leaves opposite, entire. Flowers in simple racemes, the males opposite with the terminal flower hermaphrodite. The genus consists of the single Australian species. The habit is that of Palmeria, but the flowers are very different. 1. P. IVIoorei (after Charles Moore), Oliv. in Herb. Keir. ; Bcnth. FI. Anstr. v. 292. A woody climber of 30 to 40ft. ( C. Moore j, the branches, inflorescence and principal veins on the underside of the leaves ferruginous with rather long soft hairs. Leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, with a long narrow point, entire or obscurely crenate, rounded at the base, 4 to 5in. long, l^to lfin. broad, rather thin, shining above, pale opaque and minutely glandular-dotted underneath, the veins conspicuous on both sides. Petiole J to |in. long. Racemes, terminal ones 1 to lMn long, the axillary ones shorter, the pedicels very short. Bracts small and very deciduous. Perianth-segments very deciduous, the outer ones ovate-orbicular, 1J line long, hirsute outside, the inner ones elliptical or obovate- oblong, thin, all more or less dotted with immersed glands. Stamens about 15, about 1 line long, the filaments rather shorter than the anthers ; anthers tipped by a short appendage to the connective. Ovary glabrous, oblong, about 1 line long. — F. v. M. Fragm. x. 10G. Hab.: Towards Wallangarra. 6. ATHEROSPERMA, Labill. (Seed awned.) Flowers dioecious. Perianth-tube campanulate, lobes 8 or rarely 10 in 2 rows- Stamens usually from as many to twice as many as perianth-lobes, without staminodia in the males ; filaments flat, with a wing-like appendage on each side ; anthers short, extrorse, with 2 distinct cells opening from the base upwards in convex valves, the connective truncate. Carpels in the females numerous in several rows, the outer ones imperfect, the inner ones with one erect ovule in each and tapering into long styles. Fruiting perianth-tube persistent, slightly enlarged, enclosing numerous narrow dry carpels, the long persistent terminal plumose styles exserted, the lobes deciduous. Pericarp and testa of the seeds thin ; albumen fleshy. Embryo very small, with short erect cotyledons. — Trees. Leaves toothed or entire. Flowers axillary, in the Australian species solitary, in others in cymes of 3 to 7. The whole plant highly aromatic. Besides the Australian species which is endemic, the genus comprises one from Xew Zealand. 1. A. moschata (musk scented), T.abill. FI. Nov. Jloll. ii. 74, t. 224 ; Bcntli. FI. Austr. v. 284. A tree attaining a large size, the young branches tomentose. Leaves ovate elliptical oblong or lanceolate, acute, coarsely and irregularly toothed or entire, contracted into a rather short petiole, H to 3in. long, coriaceous, glabrous above, glabrous glaucous or white-tomentose underneath, the primary somewhat branched veins alone conspicuous. Flowers solitary on axillary peduncles of J to ^in. long, at length recurved. Bracts 2, close under the flower, ovate, acute, 4 or 5 lines long, silky inside and out, very deciduous. Male perianth-tube ovate-campanulate, about 3 lines long, silky outside, glabrous inside, the lobes 4 to 5 lines long, the outer ones broader than the inner. Stamens about 12, inserted round the top of the tube in about 3 rows, without staminodia or imperfect carpels. Female perianth with rather smaller more silky lobes than the males, the tube broader and villous inside. Carpels very numerous, villous, lining the whole disk and tube in numerous rows, the two or three outer rows abortive, considered by some as staminodia, but with the shape and hairs of the Aiherosperma.] CIX. MONIMIACEjE. 1295 carpels and tapering into a minute glabrous rudimentary style, the numerous inner carpels with elongated styles. Fruiting perianth -with a persistent broadly campanulate tube 4 or 5 lines diameter, the lobes deciduous, but the outer abortive carpels somewhat enlarged and assuming the appearance of 2 or 3 rows of teeth to the perianth. — A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 676 ; Baill. Hist. PI. i, 320, f. 360 to 364 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 12 ; F. v. M. PL Viet. i. 24. Hab.: Near the border of N.S.W. 7. DORYPHORA, Endl. (Spear bearing.) (Learosa, Rciclib.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube campanulate, segments 6 in 2 rows. Stamens usually 6, perfect, opposite the perianth-segments round the orifice of the tube, with 6 to 12 staminodia within them ; filaments short, with a wing-like appendage on each side, anthers extrorse, with 2 distinct cells opening from the base upwards in convex valves, the connective produced into a long linear-subulate appendage. Carpels several at the base of the tube with one ascending ovule in each. Style long, slightly lateral. Fruiting carpels included in the persistent perianth-tube, the segments deciduous, each carpel growing out laterally so that the long plumose style appears almost basal. Seed not seen perfect. — Tree. Leaves toothed. Flowers 3 together on short axillary peduncles. The whole plant highly aromatic. The genus is limited to a single species endemic in Australia. 1. IX. sassafras (Sassafras-like), Endl. Iconogr. t. 10; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 283. A tree of considerable size but of irregular growth, glabrous except the inflorescence or young shoots hoary-tomentose. Leaves petiolate, ovate elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely toothed, narrowed at the base, 2 to 4in. long, nearly smooth on the upper side, prominently penniveined and reticulate underneath. Peduncles 2 to 3 lines long, with a pair of very deciduous bracts of 3 or 4 lines close under the flowers. Perianth -tube about 1 line long when in flower, enlarged and irregularly split when in fruit, segments about 4 lines long, lanceo- late, very acute. Anther-appendages nearly as long as the perianth-segments. •Carpels slightly hairy, the styles lengthening after fecundation into long plumose awns. — Tul. Monogr. Monim. 424 ; A. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 676 ; Baill. Hist. PI. i. 318, fig. 357 to 359. Hab.: Logan River to border of N.S.W. 8. DAPHNANDRA, Benth. (The anthers like those of a Daphne.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube short, segments about 15 in about 3 rows. Stamens 4 or 5, opposite the inner segments ; filaments flat, with a wing- dike appendage on each side ; anthers short, extrorse, with 2 distinct cells opening from the base upwards in convex valves, the connective truncate ; staminodia (or abortive carpels ?) 5 to 12 between the stamens and carpels. Carpels hairy several in 2 or 3 rows with one pendulous ovule in each, and tapering into the hairy style. Fruiting perianth enlarged at the base or middle, bursting longitu- dinally ; carpels dry, hairy, with a bristle-like hairy persistant style. — Trees. Leaves serrate or almost entire. Flowers small, axillary or terminal. The genus is limited to Australia. With the stamens of Atherosperma it has the infloresceuce and pendulous ovules of Mollinedia. — Benth. 'Leaves seriate, 3 to 4in. long 1. Z). micrantha. Leaves minutely serrate, 4 to 7in. loog 2. B. repandula. Leaves entire or with a few distant teeth, 2 to Gin. long 3. D. aromulica. 1. D. micrantha (flowers small), Benth. bl. Austr. v. 285. A handsome darge tree, young growth much flattened at the joints, quite glabrous or 1296 CIX. MONIMIACE.E. Daphnandra. the young inflorescence minutely hoary. Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or elliptical, acuminate, more or less serrate, contracted at the base, 3 to 4in. long, green on both sides, the primary veins oblique and anastomosing. Panicles shorter than the leaves, the flowers not numerous. Bracts scarcely 1 line long, very deciduous. Perianth-tube short and broad, outer segments broad, about 1 line diameter, inner ones narrower and more petal-like. Stamens not exceeding the perianth. Carpels of the ovary glabrous or slightly hairy, sessile in the hairy receptacle. Fruiting perianth narrow, about lin. long. Carpels hairy, with glossy brown hairs. — Atherospenna micrcmthum, Tul. Monogr. Monim. in Arcliiv. Mus. Par. viii. 421, t. 34 ; Alph. DC. Prod. xvi. ii. 676. Hab : Moreton Bay, Fraser, II'. Hill. Common in southern scrubs. Wood of a glossy-yellow colour, close-grained and firm, stands well in seasoning ; useful for cabinet-work and for carving. — bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 309. 2. D. repandula (slightly repand), F. v. M. Fra pm. x. 105. A moderate sized tree, the young branches tomentose. Leaves thm cliartaceous, 4 to 7in. long, long-acuminate at the apex, the margins slightly repand or crenate ; nerves very oblique, the upper ones distant, hairy with short hairs. Panicles axillary, very slender, about 3in. long. Perianth minute, glandular-fringed. Fruiting perianth about 9 lines long, dark, enlarged above the middle, thence tapering towards each end. Seeds fusiform, 3 lines long, covered with light-brown glossy hairs as long as the seed itself. Hab.: The tropical scrubs. Wood of a light-brown colour, nicely figured, grain close ; would probably serve for engraving. Considered to closely resemble the English Holly. — Bailey's Cat Ql. Woods, No. 309a. 3. D. aromatica (aromatic), Bail. 1st Suppl. Syn. Ql. FI. 46. (i Cheed- ingnan,” Barron River, J. F. Bailey. Trees of moderate size and sweet aromatic bark. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, entire or with few distant often indistinct teeth, 2 to 6in. long, and from -J- to ljin. wide in the centre, with often a narrow elongated point, on petioles of 3 or 4 lines long, the principal ateral transverse veins joining far within the margin and forming a prominent intramarginal one. Inflorescence axillary or terminal. Peduncle solitary, or several when terminal, about 4 lines, bearing usually at the end 2 pedicellate flowers. Fruiting perianth about 9 lines long, black and rough on the outside, enlarging at the base. Carpels densely hairy. Hab.: Johnstone River and other tropical scrubs. Wood of a light colour, not unlike Pine wood, for which it would form a substitute.— -Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 308a. Dr. Thos. L. Bancroft, who examined the barks of these trees some years ago, found them to contain several alkaloids which were respiratory and cardiac poisons. Order CX. LAURINE./E. Perianth regular, the tube very short or none at the time of flowering, sometimes enlarged over or under the fruit, or rarely adnate to the ovary and fruit ; segments 6 or rarely fewer, all equal or 3 outer ones smaller, imbricate in the bud. Stamens normally twice as many as perianth-segments, 6 opposite them tvith introrse anthers, 6 within and opposite to the outer ones with the anthers extrorse in some genera, introrse in others, but in many genera 3 or sometimes all of the inner stamens, and in other 3 or all of the outer ones reduced to short staminodia or wanting, and in some flowers the stamens abnormally and irregularly increased or diminished in number ; there are also frequently a pair of sessile or stipitate rather large glands, one on each side of the filament either of the inner or rarely of the outer of the two stamens opposed to the inner perianth-segments ; anthers adnate, with 2 collateral cells or 2 superposed pairs of cells, each cell opening in a valve from the base upwards or CX. LAURINE^E. 1297 in Hernandia from the inner to the outer side. Ovary free, or in Hernandia. adnate, consisting of a single carpel with one ovule suspended from the apex of the cavity from a funicle adnate to its side, or rarely with a second small abortive ovule. Style simple, often very short, with a capitate disk-shaped or obliquely dilated stigma, 'entire or shortly and irregularly lobed. Fruit a berry or drupe, rarely dry or nearly so, the perianth entirely deciduous, or the tube enlarged and disk-shaped or cup-shaped under the fruit or more or less succulent and closing over it or adnate to it. Seed pendulous, with a membranous or [in Hcrnandia)' a hard testa, without albumen. Embryo with thick fleshy cotyledons filling the seed, enclosing the plumula and short superior radicle.— Trees or shrubs with alternate or rarely irregularly opposite leaves, more or less glandular-dotted and aromatic (except in Hernandia) usually entire and evergreen, or, in Cassytha, leafless parasitical twiners. Stipules none. Flowers usually small, in cymes reduced sometimes to clusters umbels or heads, the cymes solitary or arranged in racemes, clusters or panicles ; or, in Cassytha, the flowers singly arranged in spikes or racemes. A considerable Order, abundant in tropical Asia and America, less so in Africa, with a very few species penetrating into more temperate regions both in the northern and southern hemisphere. 4 Tribe I. Perseaceae. — Trees or shrubs with perfect leaves. Flowers in cymes umbels or clusters, which are clustered or arranged in racemes or panicles, rarely solitary Anther-valves opening upwards. Seeds with distinct thick and fleshy cotyledons. Three stamens, belonging to the inner series, with extrorse anthers. Anthers 2 celled. Stamens of the outer series (usually 6) perfect. Ovary more or less immersed in the perianth-tube, which completely encloses the fruit • . . 1. Cryptocarya. Ovary not immersed. Perianth completely deciduous 2. Beilschmiedia. Stamens of the outer series reduced to a thick prominent ring or entirely deficient. Perianth deciduous or scarcely enlarged under the fruit . 3. Endiandra. Anthers 4-celled. Stamens of the outer series (usually 6) perfect. Perianth scarcely enlarged under the fruit 4. Cinnamomum. Perianth enlarging under the fruit . 5.?Persea. Tribe II. Litseaceae. — All the stamens with introrse anthers Flowers dioecious, in heads or umbels, with an involucre of about 4 bracts. Perfect stamens, 6 to 9, more or less. Perianth 4 to 6-merous C. Litsea. Tribe III. Cassythes e.— Leafless parasitical twiners. Flowers in spikes or racemes. Anther-valves opening upwards. Single genus 7. Cassytha. Suborder IV. Hern an die IE. — Trees ivith perfect leaves. Flowers monoecious, the female with an involucel which enlarges and encloses the fruit. Anther-valves opening laterally. Seeds, without albumen. Single genus 8. Hernandia. 1. CRYPTOCARYA, R. Br. (Nut hidden in the perianth-tube.) (Caryodaphne, Blume.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth segments 6, equal or nearly so. Stamens of the outer series 6, all perfect with introrse anthers, of the inner series 3 with extrorse anthers, alternating with 3 short staminodia ; glands 6 at the base of tha inner perfect stamens or almost as near to the outer ones opposed to them. Anthers all 2-celled. Ovary immersed in the perianth-tube which after flowering closes over the ovary, and finally becomes more or less fleshy or succulent, com- pletely enclosing and usually consolidated with the fruit, the limb of the perianth deciduous leaving a small scar at the apex or rarely persistent,— Trees or tall shrubs. Flowers small, in cymes arranged in axillary racemes or panicles, the 1298 CX. LAURINE2E. [Cryptocanya. upper ones often forming an apparently terminal panicle with the subtending leaves very small or deficient Fruiting perianths globular ovoid or oblong, having the appearance of inferior fruits. The genus is chiefly Asiatic, with a few species from S. Africa and S. America. The Australian species appear to be all endemic. Nees and Meissner distinguish Caryodapline from Cryptocarya by the triplinerved leaves and the adherence of the fruiting periauth-tube to the pericarp, but I can find no difference in the latter respect between the fruits of the typical C. glaucescens and those of C. triplinervis, and the triplinervel venation, though well marked in two species and in some leaves of C. triplinervis, passes gradually into the penniveined arrangement in other leaves of the latter species, and in no case draws any natural line of demarcation between the two. — Bentli. Inflorescence pubescent or villous. Leaves penniveined with the reticulations very conspicuous under- neath, scarcely so above. Panicles very villous, compact. Leaves 6 to lOin. long. Fruit nearly globular 1. C. Murrayi. Panicles tomentose-pubeseent, loose and many -flowered. Leaves 4 to 8in. long. Fruit ovoid 2. C. Mackinnoniana. Panicles tomentose-pubeseent, loose, few-flowered. Leaves 2 to 5in. long, softly pubescent underneath till old, the reticulations less raised than in the two preceding species. Fruit oblong .... 3. C. patentinervis. Leaves penniveined, the reticulations faint or equally prominent on both sides. Fruit globular. Leaves thickly coriaceous, smooth and shining above, the primary veins very prominent underneath, the reticulations inconspicuous 4. C. obovata. Leaves more or less coriaceous, the reticulations fine, conspicuous or obsolete on both sides 5. C. glaucescens. Leaves more or less triplinerved or quintuplinerved. Leaves usually pubescent underneath, triplinerved, passing into penniveined. Fruit ovoid 6. C. triplinervis. Leaves glaucous or white underneath, prominently triplinerved. Fruit globular 7. cinnamomifolia. Inflorescence glabrous. Panicles small and loose. Leaves penniveined, the veins scareely prominent 8. C. Meissneri. Leaves more or less prominently triplinerved 9. C. australis. I he Jour following species are placed here provisionally, the tloicers not having been examined. Fruit oblate, the transverse diameter l|in. Pericarp ribbed, fleshy . . 10. C. oblata. Fruit red, depressed-globose, 2in. diameter. Pericarp succulent . . . 11. C. graveolens. Fruit 2£in. long and nearly the same in diameter. Pericarp irregularly corrugated 12. 0. Paljnerstonii. Fruit 2in. long, l^in. diameter, pointed at each end. Pericarp thin . . 13. C. Bancrojtii. 1. C. IVIurrayi (after J. J. Murray). F. v. 31. Fragm. v. 170 ; Bentli tl. Austr. v. 295. A large tree, the young branches stout and softly tomentose- villous, more or less ferruginous. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong oval or elliptical, obtuse or shortly acuminate, 6 to lOin. long, glabrous above when full grown or the midrib minutely pubescent, very prominently penniveined and reticulate underneath, the veins rusty-pubescent, somewhat glaucous between them. Panicles short compact and villous. Flowers sessile in the cymes. Perianth hirsute, the segments rather longer than the tube (about 1 line), almost acute. Glands scarcely connected with the inner stamens, stipitate ; staminodia thick, rather sessile, acute. Fruiting perianth ovoid or nearly globular, shining, -about 4in. diameter. Hab.: llockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Barron River and other tropical scrubs. Wood of a dark colour, hard and close-grained. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 310. 2. C. IVIackinnoniana (after L. Mackinnon), F. v. 31. P rag in. v. 169; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 296. “ Koonjoongaroo,” Barron River, J. F. Bailey. A noble tree of 100ft. high (Dallachy) or a tall shrub of 12ft. ( IF. Hill), the young branches petioles and inflorescence minutely rusty-pubescent. Leaves oblong or almost ovate, o btuse or shortly acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base, 4 to 8in. long, rathe r thick, at first minutely pubescent, at length glabrous and almost Criji>tocar>ja.\ CX. LAURINEJE. 1299 shining above, very prominently penniveined and reticulate underneath, the veins rusty-pubescent, often glaucous between them. Panicles loosely corymbose or thyrsoid. Pedicels very short. Perianth scarcely above 1 line long, the segments about as long as the tube. Glands large, free from the inner stamens, nearly sessile. Fruiting perianth ovoid or oblong, about Jin. long. Hab.: Cape York, W. Hill; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; also in other tropical scrubs. Wood of a grey colour, close-grained and hard. — Bailey's Cat Ql. Woods, No. 310a. 3. C patentinervis (nerves spreading), F. v. M. in 1>C. Prod, xv. i. 508 and Fragm v. 1G6 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 296. A small tree, the branches and in- florescence ferruginous or hoary with a close tomentum. Leaves ovate to oblong- lanceolate, acuminate, 2 to 4in. long, glabrous above, softly or minutely pube- scent and more or less glaucous underneath, the primary veins prominent, the reticulate veinlets also somewhat conspicuous. Cymes sometimes solitary in the axils, more frequently several in short terminal thyrsoid panicles, the flowers not numerous, hoary-pubescent. Perianth li line long, the tube turbinate, rather shorter than the lobes. Glands of the inner stamens shortly stipitate. Stamino- dia sessile, thick, acuminate. Fruiting perianth ellipsoid-oblong, nearly iin- long, the pericarp rather more distinct from it than in most species. — C. rigida , Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 508. Hab.: Towards the Tweed River, Rev. B.'Scortechini. Wood of a light colour marked with black streaks and spots, hard and tough. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. lVoods, No. 310b. 4. C. obovata (obovate), R. Br. Prod. 402 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 296. A fine bushy-headed tree, the young shoots and inflorescence minutely tomentose- and more or less ferruginous. Leaves oblong to obovate, very obtuse and 2 to 4in. long in the typical form, larger broader and sometimes shortly and obtusely acuminate in northern specimens, rather thick, the margins often recurved, glabrous with the veins scarcely conspicuous above, often glaucous or even very minutely pubescent when young underneath, with the primary pinnate veins very prominent, the reticulations scarcely conspicuous. Panicles loosely thyrsoid, numerous and many flowered, the upper ones forming a terminal panicle. Flowers rather larger than in C. glaucescens. Perianth-segments as long as the oblong tube. Glands stipitate, appearing to belong as much to the outer as to the inner staminal series. Staminodia sessile, acuminate. Fruiting perianth globular, about iin. diameter. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 73, 507 ; C. hypospodia, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 170. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (with large leaves) ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller, IV. Hill. Wood of a light colour, very tough ; a useful wood if not exposed to the weather. — Bailey's. Cat. Ql. lVoods, No. 311. Var. tropica. The northern form with broader leaves. Wood of a light-colour, close-grained and tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql Woods, No. 311a. 5. C. glaucescens (greyish), B. Br. Prod. 402 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 297. A tree of 40ft. and upwards, the young branches and petioles minutely pubescent when young but soon becoming glabrous, the inflorescence usually hoary- pubescent. Leaves ovate-elliptical or oblong, obtuse or shortly acuminate, shortly contracted at the base, flat, not usually so rigid as in C. obovata, penni- veined and reticulate but the veins rather fine and the reticulations little con- spicuous or in some varieties conspicuous or even prominent on both sides, both surfaces green or somewhat glaucous, rarely above 4in. long in flowering speci- mens, but larger on luxuriant shoots. Flowers numerous, shortly pedicellate, in thyrsoid panicles shorter or longer than the leaves, the upper ones often form- ing a large terminal panicle. Perianth 1 to 1J line long, lioary-pubescent, the- tube oblong when fully out, turbinate when young, the segments about as long 1300 CX. LAURINEyE. [Cryptocarya. tts the tube or rather longer. Glands stipitate, appearing to belong as much to the outer as to the inner filaments. Staminodia acuminate. Fruiting perianth depressed-globular, ^ to nearly ^in. diameter. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 72. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, Thozet, Dallachy ; Brisbane Rivor, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller, and others. Wood of a light colour, easily worked, and likely to prove useful for many purposes. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, So. 312. Asterina cryptocaryce, Cke., is met with on the leaves. Var. reticulata, Meissn. Veins of the leaves more conspicuous on both sides but fine. — C. microneura, Meissn. l.c. — Southern localities. Var. coriacea. Leaves thick, rigid, and more prominently reticutate, often very glaucous underneath. — Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. Var. Hitirfa. Leaves coriaceous and shining with fine veins, green on both sides or scarcely ■glaucous. — C. Moretoniana, Meissn. l.c. 74. — Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham ; Archer’s Creek, Leichhardt. C. Bidicillii, Meissn. l.c. 74, of which the specimens from Wide Bay, Bidicill, are in young Jruit only, and not satisfactory, may be the same variety. — Benth. All the above varieties run much one into the other, and in view of the large number of specimens I have had before me, it seems impossible to consider any of them as species permanently distinct. — Benth. 6. C. triplinervis (3-nerved), R. Br. Prod. 402; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 297. A tall tree. Leaves ovate-elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous above, more or less pubescent underneath, rarely above 4in. long, tripli- nerved or more or less irregularly penniveined with 2 to 5 primary veins on each side of the midrib, sometimes very prominent underneath sometimes fine, the reticulations not very conspicuous. Panicles dense short and thyrsoid in the axils, or the upper ones much branched forming a terminal panicle with numerous flowers, hoary-pubescent with appressed hairs or more frequently hirsute with spreading hairs. Flowers nearly sessile. Perianth-tube cylindrical, about 1 line long, the segments narrow and nearly as long. Stamens nearly as long as the perianth, the glands stipitate, as near to the outer as to the inner stamens ; staminodia rather narrow, acuminate. Fruiting perianth ovoid, about iin. long. — Caryodaphne Bromiiana, Nees. Syst. Laurin. 230 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 78. Hab.: E. coast, R. Brown ] Edgecombe and Rockingham Bays, Dallachy : Port Denison. Fitzalai t; Rockhampton, Dallachy, O’Shanesy, and others ; Cape River, Crocodile and Nerkool Creeks. Bowman ; Archer’s Creek, Leichhardt ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Leichhardt, F. v. Mueller, W. Hill, and others. There are two or three market forms of foliage, but with occasional intermediates and some- times the leaves of the principal branches different as to venation from those of the younger branches of the same specimen. In the more typical forms the leaves are rather thick, prominently triplinerved or quintuplinerved and softly pubescent underneath, in other forms the primary veins are more numerous, and in some of the northern specimens the leaves are often almost glabrous and almost as penniveined as in C. glaucescens. The fruit appears to be always differently shaped from that of C. glaucescens, although the perianth-tube is equally consolidated with the pericarp in both species. — Benth. Wood of a grey colour, close in grain and tough. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 313. In the bark of this species, and also that of C. australis, Dr. Thos. L. Bancroft detected an intensely bitter poisonous alkaloid. Specimens of this plant were sent to me a few years ago, with the statement that the tree had caused the death of some pigs which had eaten the leaves. 7. C. cinnamomifolia (Cinnamon-leaved), Benth. FI. Austr. v. 298. A tree of 40ft. (Dallachy), the young shoots and inflorescence minutely ferruginous- tomentose. Leaves ovate or broadly elliptical, acuminate, cuneate at the base, rigidly coriaceous, prominently triplinerved, glabrous above, glaucous or white underneath, with the reticulations conspicuous, 3 to 6in. long. Panicles axillary or in terminal panicles, short and dense in the specimens seen but as yet only CX. LAURINE^E. 1301 C ryptocarya.] in young bud and the form of the perianth not ascertained. Stamens of Cryptocarya, but as yet very young. Fruit depressed globular, above £in. diameter, very similar to that of C. glaucescens. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallaehy. Var. parvifolia. Leaves deep green, ovate, 3-nerved, about ‘2in. long. Fruit black, globular. — Hab.: Top of Mount Mistake Bange. Wood of fine grain, easy to work, of a light colour. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 313a. 8. C. IWteissneri (after C. F. Meissner), F. r. M. Fragm. v. 170 ; Benth. Fi. Austr. v. 298. A small or large tree, quite glabrous in every part. Leaves elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, contracted into a short petiole, mostly about 2in. and rarely above 3in. long, rather thick, penniveined but the veins irregular and even the primary ones not very prominent. Panicles short, axillary and terminal, the flowers not numerous and quite glabrous out- side. Perianth-tube narrow, at first turbinate, ovoid and contracted at the top when fully out and f line long, the lobes nearly as long, minutely hairy inside. Stamens much shorter than the perianth, the glands sessile but as near to the outer as to the inner stamens. Ovary immersed in the perianth-tube, Fruit not seen. — C. hypoylauca, var. attenuata, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 508 (F.v.M.). Hab.: Logan River, Rev. B. Scortechini. 9. C. australis (Australian), Bent. FI. Austr. v. 299. A large shrub or small tree, quite glabrous in all its parts. Leaves ovate elliptical or almost oblong, acuminate, contracted into a short petiole, coriaceous or thin, pale underneath but not at all white, more or less prominently triplinerved, 2 to 4in. long. Panicles very loose, few-flowered, always much shorter than the leaves and quite glabrous. Pedicels rather long. Perianth-tube turbinate, nearly 1 line long, the lobes at •least as long, ovate and more spreading than in other species. Stamens short, especially the 3 inner ones. Ovary immersed in the tube. Fruiting perianth obovoid, pear-shaped, usually globose, sometimes nearly Jin. long, usually crowned by the remains of the perianth-limb, on some trees yellow, on others crimson. haunts Bowiei, Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. 419, t. 23 ; Oreodaphne Bowiei, Walp. Ann. i. 576 ; Laurus australis, A. Cunn. ; Hook. Bot. Mag. under n. 3931 ; Caryodapline australis A. Braun ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 77. Hab : Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham and many others ; Rockingham Bay, Dallaehy. The specific name Bowiei was originaily given to this plant under a mistake as to the origin -of the seeds from which it was raised at Kew, and was therefore afterwards suppressed by Hooker himself, and Cunningham’s name adopted. — Benth. Wood light-coloured, close-grained, easily worked ; suitable for lining-boards. — Bailey’s Cat Ql. Woods, No. 314. 10. C. oblata (oblate) Bail. Bot. Bull. ix. 11. This is said to be a tree of considerable size. The young growth and inflorescence covered with a more or less dense clothing of short bright ferruginous hairs, but soon becoming perfectly glabrous ; branchlets very angular, nearly black, with numerous light-coloured lenticelles ; leaves broadly lanceolate with elongated points, attaining 5 or more inches in length, the primary veins few, distant, and not very prominent, and the reticulation somewhat faint ; texture membranous ; petioles short ; fruit oblate and laterally compressed, the broadest diameter about lfin., marked by prominent ribs, the fleshy covering softer and more juicy than usual in the genus. The perianth appears to be more persistent in this than in any other Australian species of the genus ; but I could find none perfect enough to describe any of the parts, except, I might observe, that the staminodia seemed large and to resemble those of C. Wightiana, Thwaites. Hab.: Daintree River, E. Cowley. 1302 CX. LAURLNEjE. [ Cryptocarya . 11. C. graveolens (heavy-scented), Bail. Bot. Bull ii. 1G. “ Gir-irjal,”' Johnstone River, Wm. C. Hardiny. Tree attaining 80 to 100ft. in height and 2, or more feet diameter of stem. Branches smooth and angular. Leaves often opposite, oblong, coriaceous, 6 to llin. and 2J to 3 Jin. broad, primary veins, looping within the margin like those of an Eugenia, upper side glabrous and glossy, underside thinly puberulous ; petiole Jin. Panicles or racemes terminal, about 4in. long. Flowers not seen. Fruit red, resembling a bergamot pear in shape, 2 to Bin. diameter, outer succulent part when fresh having a sharp acid flavor, inseparable from the endocarp, substance of the thick cotyledons thickly studded with large cells full of a bright-yellow resin having a strong disagreeable odour. Hab.: Tringilburra Creek, Bellenden Ker Expedition, 1889 ; Johnstone River, Dr. T. I.. Bancroft ; Tully River and Atherton, J. F. Bailey. 12. C. Palmerstonii (after Christie Palmerston), Bail. Bot. Bull. ii. 1G. Black Walnut. “ Koi-ie” Barron River, J. F. Bailey ; “Pal-la-ga,” Atherton, Roth. Tree of large size, girth at base 36ft., tapering proportionally upwards as straight as an arrow for 80 or 100ft. before branching ; branches pithy (C. Palmerston). Brauchlets compressed or irregularly angular. Leaves alternate, oval -oblong, rounded or slightly tapering at the base ; apex obtusely acuminate, 4 or Sin. long and about 2in. broad, upper surface glabrous and glossy, under clothed with a close light-coloured tomentum ; primary veins about 8 pairs prominent, the smaller reticulations somewhat indistinct ; petioles Jin. or rather more long. Fruit about 2Jin. long and nearly as much in diameter, more or less prominenly marked by irregular longitudinal corrugations, pericarp becoming hard and brittle, enclosing a round free nut of more than lin. diameter, with a thin hard brittle shell, the interior filled by the large thick fleshy cotyledons, the oil or resin cells of which, are very minute and only visible under a strong lens. Hab.: Russell and Barron Rivers. Fruit eaten after being roasted, beaten up, and steeped iu running water. 13. C. Bancroftii (after Dr. T. L. Bancroft), Bail. Bot. Bull. ii. 16- Red Walnut. “ Bara,” Tully River, Roth. A glabrous tree of medium size. Branchlets slender. Leaves alternate or at times nearly opposite, lanceolate, 4 or Sin. long, 1 to ljin. broad in the centre, tapering towards a slender petiole scarcely over a Jin. long, apex bluntly acuminate, penniveined with more or less conspicuous reticulations on both sides. Racemes terminal or in the upper axils about 4in. long. Flowers not seen. Fruit about 2in. long, with a diameter of ljin., on a thickened pedicel of about Jin., rough, the apex pointed and tapering much at the base ; the outer covering forming but a thin bark to the endocarp or shell of the nut, testa brown, the thick cotyledons which form the kernel white, not dark-brown as in C. Palmerstoni , the oil-cells very minute, and only visible under a strong lens. Hab.: Johnstone River, Dr. T. L. Bancroft; other scrubs of tropical Queensland, Bellenden Ker Expedition. The fruit of this tree, which is used in a similar manner to C. Palmerstoni, is much more- abundant than any of the other kinds. 2. BEILSCHMIEDIA, Nees. (After O. S. Beilschmiedius). (Nesodaphne, Hook, f.) Flowers small, usually hermaphrodite, fascicled on paniculate. Perianth-tube short; lobes 5 subequal. Perfect stamens 9 ; filaments of 1st and 2nd series eglandular with introrse 2-celled anthers, of 3rd series 2-glandular with extrorse Pl.L/V. Cryprocarya 1. F>ovT ?ni|SiifJq Office. B^iss^Je Endiamlra .] CX. LAURINEiE. 1307 the reticulation close and conspicuous. Panicles axillary and terminal, much shorter than the leaves, often numerous, the peduncle and pedicels with brown appressed hairs. Flowers very small. Calyx and petals brownish, paler towards the margin, nearly glabrous ; calyx-lobes semi-ovate, somewhat longer than the petals. Stamens glabrous, with 2 lanceolate appendages at the base, thin upper portion exserted. Style rather conspicuous, as well as the ovary glabrous ; stigma minute. Fruit large, globular. Hab.: Daintree River, Theod. Pentzke. — F. v. M. 11. 22. IiOwiana (After the Messrs. Lowt, of Maroochie), Bail. Bot. Bull, v- 24. A small-sized glabrous tree. Leaves lanceolate, the a,pex sometimes some- what elongated, 3 to 5in. long ; petiole 4 or 5 lines long, slender ; primary nerves very oblique, distant, and only about 4 on each side of the costa ; the reticulation fine, close, and prominent between them, on both sides of the leaf ; texture thin. Flowers not seen. Fruit nearly globular, but showing more or less of a point at each end, about lj to nearly l^in. in diameter, when fresh of a a’ich red colour. Hab.: Maroochie (Yandina), J. A. Low ; Eudlo, Field Naturalists. The fruit resembles that of Cryptocarya australis , Benth., somewhat in colour and shape, hut is much larger, and the foliage is quite distinct from that or any other Australian species of the Order. 12. E. Sankeyana (after J. R. Sankey), Bail. Bot. Bull. viii. “ Goolaway,” Barron River, K. Cowley. A tree attaining the height of about 70ft. ; the young- branches often 4-angular and more or less densely ferruginous velvety-tomentose. Leaves alternate or subopposite at the ends of the branchlets, from elliptical- oblong to lanceolate, the larger ones 5in. long and 2|in. broad in the widest part, shortly petiolate, the upper surface glabrous, the primary veins sunk, under surface pale, with the primary and reticulate veins very prominent, of a reddish- brown, and more or less velvety. Flowers not seen. Fruit racemes lateral or axillary, erect near the ends of the branchlets, rather slender, about 24in. long, with one or two fruit at the end. Fruit black, globose, often compressed, 1 to 14in. diameter, resting upon a star-like perianth, not exceeding 2 lines diameter. Hab.: Scrubs about the Barron River, E. Cowley. Wood of a greenish colour, hard and tough; a useful building timber. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 317c. 13. E. insignis (notable), Bail. Ql. Ay. Jl. i. 80. “Boomban,” Barron River, J. F. Bailey, “ Koo-roong-gi ”, Atherton, Both.' A tree of large size, the branchlets bluntly angular, and densely ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves G to Sin. long, 3 to 4in. broad, ovate, obtuse-apiculate, emarginate or shortly and bluntly acuminate, tapering at the base to a petiole of about lin., margins entire, upper surface glabrous, under surface more or less covered with ferruginous hairs, often very dense on the midrib, oil-dots numerous, but only visible under a strong lens, primary nerves few and distant, alternate or nearly opposite, about 5 pairs, the cross veins almost parallel and prominent. Flowers minute in slender trichotomous panicles under 2in. long, pedicels slender, longer than the flowers. Flowers nearly globular in the bud, usually about a line long ; outer segments nearly rotund, inner ones somew-hat apiculate, hairy on both sides. Stamens (in the flowers examined), the 3 inner ones alone fertile. Ovary and style more or less hairy. Fruit a rich pink, glabrous, somewhat pear-shaped, about 24-in. long, 2Jin. diameter, inclosing a pendulous globose nut l^in diameter, which when ripe is free from the fleshy part or sarcocarp. — Cn/ptocan/a iusiqnis, Bail. Bot. Bull ii. 15. Hab.: Tropical scrubs in the Cairns district, and thence to the Bellenden-Ker Range, Bailey, Nugent and Coioley. The kernel of the nut after undergoing a similar preparation to that of the Koi-ie, form a •food for the natives. — J. F. Bailey. 1308 CX. LAURINEiE. [Hndiandra. 14. E. tooram (aboriginal name), Bail. “ Tooram,” Middle Tully River, J. F. Bailey. Small tree. Branchlets rather slender, and more of less ferrugin- ous-tomentose. Leaves oblong, about 4 to 5iin. long and about l^in. broad, tapering to a petiole of 8 to 4 lines, upper side glabrous, underside thinly ferruginous tomentose, lateral nerves about 14 on each side of the midrib. No flowers seen. Fruit purple, borne on irregular racemose-panicles at the end of short branchlets ; pedicels thickened, 2 or 3 lines long, orbicular, flattened, almost lens-shaped, 1 to 14in. diameter ; epicarp fleshy, endorcarp thin crusta- ceous, cotyledons very thick, plumula hairy. Hab.: Middle Tully River, J. F. Bailey. Fruit eaten by the natives.— J. F. Bailey. 4. CINNAMOMUM, Burn. (From the Arabic name for Cinnamon.) Flowers usually more or less unisexual. Perianth-segments 6, equal or nearly so. Stamens of the outer series G, all perfect with introrse anthers, of the inner series 3 perfect, with extrorse anthers, alternating with 3 short staminodia ; anthers 4-celled or the inner ones rarely 2-celled ; glands 6, at the base of the inner perfect stamens. Ovary not immersed. Berry seated on the somewhat enlarged truncate or G-lobed perianth-tube, the segments wholly or partially deciduous. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite or often more or less alternate on the same tree, 3-nerved or rarely 5 -nerved. Flowers in axillary panicles, more or less unisexual, the females usually rather larger and fewer in the panicle with the stamens slightly imperfect, the males smaller and more numerous with a. sterile ovary. The numbers of parts of the perianth and of the stamens liable to occasional variation, especially in the females. The genus extends over tropical and subtropical Asia as far as Japan, one of the Australian. species is the same as an E. Indian one, the two others are endemic. Leaves lanceolate, attaining 8in., narrow. Panicles long as the leaves. Pedicels about 1 line long 1. C. Oliveri. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, attaining 3in. Panicles long as the leaves. Perianth sessile 2. C.propinquum - Leaves ovate lanceolate, attaining 6 or more inches, triplinerved. Panicles long as the leaves. Pedicels long as the perianth 3. C. Tamala. 1. C. Oliveri (after Prof. D. Oliver), Bail. Bot. Bull. v. 25 ; Proc. Roy Soc. Ql. xi. x. 24. Sassafras. A tall tree, glabrous, except the inflorescence* trunk erect, bark containing nodules, smoothish, rather thin and fragrant. Leaves opposite or nearly so, lanceolate, attaining about 8in. in length, and then scarcely over 14in. broad in the widest part, colour pale, the apex blunt or minutely emarginate, on petioles of about |in. which are flattened, the upper surface glossy, the under surface of lighter colour, midrib flattish, tbe primary lateral nerves very oblique, few, the basal pair faint, and very near the margin until lost in the reticulation about half-way up the leaf. Inflorescence terminal, or in the upper axils, in loose elongated panicles 6 to 8in. long ; flowers in twos or threes at the end of the branchlets, the pedicels about a line long. Flower velvety, cream coloured, perianth-tube slender, about 2| lines long, the lobes equal, scarcely as long as the tube, marked by several longitudinal nerves. Stamens 9 ; the six outer ones about as long as the perianth-lobes, filaments- flattened and hairy, the 3 inner ones short, with prominent glands upon the hairy filaments. Staminodia with sagittate heads and hairy filaments like the stamens. Style and ovary nearly or quite glabrous ; stigma dilated. Berry about 4 lines long, oval, partially sunk in the slightly enlarged calyx-tube from which the lobes have fallen. Hab.: Scrubs of North Coast Railway. Cinnamomum.] CX. LAURINErE. 1309 This contains a tannin similar or identical with cinchona tannin ; the amount, seven and a-half per cent. One ton of the dry bark yields 770oz. of oil. — K. T. Staiger. The leaves and the bark of the young branches contain ^ per cent of true dextrarotatory camphor, being identical with the camphor of the Camphor Laurel ( Cinnomonum camphora.) — Lauterer. The leaves are at times infested with Gla’osporium cinnamonii, Cke. and Mass, and Aschcrsonia oxyspora, Berk, and the fruit with Melampsora Nesodaphnes, Berk, and Br. Wood pale-coloured, close in the grain, firm, easy to work ; suitable for joiners work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 315. 2. C. propinquum (resembling another), Bail. Bat. Bull. v. 25. A moun- tain tree, the branchlets 4-angular. Leaves opposite or subopposite, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, from 1 to nearly Bin. long, on flattened petioles of 3 or 4 lines long, stoutly coriaceous, 3-nerved, the lateral ones vanishing at a little more than half-way up the leaf, the reticulation somewhat obscure ; upper surface glossy, under surface whitish. Inflorescence terminal in pairs, the terminal shoot growing out from between the two panicles .which are about 2Jin. long including the peduncle ; branches few, bearing at their ends 2 or 3 sessile flowers hoary on the outside. Perianth-tube short, angular segments 6, ovate, 2 lines long, the 3 inner ones rather smaller than the outer, Stamens shorter than the perianth. Stigma scarcely broader than the style. Hab.: Summit of Bellenden-Ker, Expd. 1889, leaf specimens ; Mount Bartle-Frere, Stephen Johnstone, (F. v. M.), flowering specimens, one of which was kindly sent to me for describing in the present work by Mr. J. G. Luehmann, Government Botanist, Victoria. This species seems nearly allied to C. ovalifolium, Wight. Ic. 125, of the Ceylon Mouhtains. 3. C. Tamala (Indian name), Th. Nees. ; Fees. Syst. Laurin. 56 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 303. A large tree with a smooth almost white bark ( Dallachy ). Leaves opposite or here and there alternate, oblong-lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, acute at the base, 3 to 6in. long, triplinerved, silvery underneath when young with small closely appressed hairs, the older ones glabrous or nearly so and showing underneath the fine reticulate veinlets. Pedunculate in the uppermost axils, bearing in the Australian specimens (prob- ably from a fertile tree) a loose panicle rather shorter or rather longer than the leaves more or less silvery pubescent. Pedicels about as long as the perianth. Perianth-tube about 1 line, the segments or lobes 2 lines long. Stamens shorter than the perianth, some or all apparently perfect but unequally so in the flowers examined. Stigma broadly peltate. — Miq. Rev. Cinnam. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 268 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 17 ; Laurus Tamala, Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 555 ; L. Cassia , Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 297, not of Willd. ; Cinna- momum Laubatii, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 165. Hab.: Met with in several of the tropical scrubs. In India the bark is said to be collected and sold under the name of “ Taj,” and the leaves under the name of “ Tezpat, tajpat.” Wood of a grey-colour, close-grained, firm, and strongly scented. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 318. 5. PERSEA, Gsertn. (A name applied by Theophrastus to an Egyptian tree.) Flowers hermaphrodite, or rarely by abortion polygamous. Perianth-tube short ; segments 6, nearly equal or the 3 exterior smaller, seldom very small. Perfect stamens 9, in 3 series, the first and second eglandulous, the third inner series with 2 globose glands at the base ; anthers introrse, 4-celled ; filaments villous. Staminodia with cordate triangular heads. Ovary sessile. Stigma discoid. Berry more or less thickened and fleshy. Trees with alternate or oppo- site penninerved or triplinerved leaves. Flowers paniculate, axillary or sub- terminal. 1310 CX. LAURINEiE. [Per sea. 1. P. Baileyana (After’ F. M. Bailey), F. v. 31. inedited 2nd. Suppl. Syn. Ql. FI. 51. Candle-wood of Frazer’s Island. A scrub tree attaining the height of about 60ft., glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves opposite, or here and there alternate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 or 3 inches long, on petioles of about il-inch, green on both sides, prominently triplinerved and finely reticulate, most conspicuous on the underside. Inflorescence terminal on the upper axils, forming short trichotomous panicles, or more or less racemose, bearing distant few-flowered clusters. Perianths silky-white, on short pedicels ; segments about 2 lines long. Hab.: Frazer’s Island. — H. St. John Wood. Wood of a dark-grey colour, close-grained and slightly fragrant. — Bailey's Cat Ql. Woods, No. 319. 6. LITSEA, Lam. (From the Chinese, Litse, the name of L. chinensis). (Tetranthera, Jacq.) Flowers dioecious, umbellate ; umbels 4 to 6 rarely more -flowered, sessile or pedicellate. Pedicels clustered, rarely solitary ; axillary, or on the leaf-scars (lateral), sometimes racemose or fascicled on a common peduncle; involucral bracts 4 to 6, rarely more ; concave, coriaceous or membranous. Perianth-tube ovoid campanulate or very short; lobes or segments 6 to 4, rarely more or less fewer, equal or unequal, or in a few wanting. Stamens 6, 9, 12, rarely more or f ewer-filaments of first and second series usually eglandular, of the third (and fourth if present), 2-glandular. Anthers all introrse, 4-celled. Fruit a drupe or succulent, seated on the often greatly enlarged perianth-tube ; evergreen, rarely deciduous. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or subopposite, penniverved, rarely triplinerved, leaf-buds naked or scaly. The species chiefly tropical. Australian ones mostly endemic. Sect. I. Eulitsea. — Leaves persistent, alternate, penninerved. Perianth-segments very incomplete or none, tube not or slightly enlarged in fruit. Stamens often more than 12. Leaves hoary-pubescent or glabrous, usually large, the reticulations not prominent. Flowers rather large 1. L. chinensis. Sect. II. Neolitsea. — Leaves persistent, alternate, triplinerved. sometimes subverticillate. Umbels in sessile clusters. Perianth-scgmetits usually 4, deciduous, tube not or rarely enlarged in fruit. Stamens usually 6. Fruit small. Glabrous, with tbe inflorescence slightly pubescent. Fruiting perianth entire (tbe segments deciduous) 2. L. zeylanica. More or less ferruginous-villous, at least the young shoots and inflorescence. Fruiting perianth 4-toothed (the segments wholly or partially persistent) . 3. L. dealbata. Sect. III. Cylicodaphne. — Leaves jjersistent, alternate, rarely opposite, penninerved. Perianth-segments usually 6, tube much enlarged, disciform or cupular in fruit. Leaves large broad, very obtuse, glabrous, not reticnlate 4. L. Bindoniana. Leaves broad or narrow, obtuse, ferruginous underneath, not reticulate . . 5. L. ferrruginea. Leaves rather thin, glabrous, conspicuously reticulate on both sides . . . 0. L. reticulata. 1. I*, chinensis (of China), Lam. Did. iii. 574. A small tree, the branches foliage and inflorescence more or less hoary-pubescent or the older leaves glabrous. Leaves petiolate, ovate obovate-elliptical or oblong, obtuse, shortly acuminate or rather acute, 4 to 8 inches long on the flowering branches, often larger on barren ones, green on both sides or glaucous underneath, the primary veins prominent on the underside. Peduncles 3 to 6 lines long, clustered or racemose, the common rhachis sometimes very short and usually shorter than the peduncles. Bracts of the involucres about 2 lines diameter, enclosing 5 or more sessile or very shortly pedicellate villous flowers. Perianth-segments very irregular, 1 to 6 or entirely abortive, and always very deciduous. Stamens in the Australian specimens usually 10 or 11, in some Asiatic ones more numerous ; filaments filiform, hairy, 3 or 4 of the inner one with a pair of glands at the base. Fruit globular, 3 or 4 Litsea .] CX. LAURINEjE. 1811 lines diameter, resting on the more or less thickened pedicel with the persistent perianth-tube somewhat enlarged but flat or slightly concave. — Tetranthera apetala, Roxb. PI. Corom ii. 26, t. 147 ; R. Br. Prod. 403 ; T. laurifolia, Jacq., Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 178; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 305. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown, Hcnne ; Port Denison, Fitzalan, Dallachy; Elliott River, Bowman. Wood of a yellow colour, with a small quantity of dark-brown heart-wood, grain close. Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 321. 2. L. zeylanica (of Ceylon), Nees.frr. Cinnam. Dispitt. in Amcen. Bot. Bonn. i. 58, t. 5 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 307. A large tree, the branches and inflorescence quite glabrous or scarcely hoary with a very minute tomentum. Leaves ovate- elliptical or elliptical-oblong, acuminate, contracted at the base, 3 to 5in. long, glabrous and green above, white or glaucous underneath, penniveined but with few primary veins, the lowest pair more prominent than the others. Flowers in sessile clusters in the axils or at the old nodes, on pedicels of 1 to 2 lines usually glabrous as well as the perianths. Perianth-segments ovate-oblong, obtuse. Filaments exserted, with a few hairs about the base ; glands of the two inner ones stipitate. Berry globular or slightly ovoid, larger than in L. dealbata, resting on the persistent perianth-tube expanded into an entire or slightly angular flat disk of 2J to 3 lines diameter, the segments entirely deciduous. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 226; Wight, Ic. t. 132 and 1844. Hab.: Lizard Island, Banks and Solander (the specimens imperfect and therefore omitted by R. Brown) ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; between Cleveland and Rockingham Bays, W,Hill; Rockhampton, Tliozet. The species has a wide range over tropical Asia. 3. L. dealbata (whitened), Nees. Syst. Lanvin. 630 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 807 ; “ Marragiddie,” Barron River, J. F. Bailey. A moderate-sized tree, the young shoots softly ferruginous-villous. Leaves petiolate, ovate-elliptical or almost oblong, acuminate, contracted at the base, 3 to 6in. long, glabrous above with the primary veins slightly prominent, glaucous underneath, the primary veins more : prominent and glabrous or villous, few in number and the lowest pair usually longer and thicker. Flowers in sessile clusters, axillary or at the old nodes, the pedicels thick, 1 to 2 lines long. Perianth-segments 4, lanceolate, 1 to l\ line long, villous outside and the margins fringed with long ferruginous hairs. Fila- ments filiform, longer than the perianth, bearded with a few hairs below the middle ; the staminodia in the females small and irregular. Ovary slightly hairy ; stigma broad and oblique. Fruit globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter, resting on the persistent perianth-tube enlarged into a small flat disk, 4-toothed with -the persistent remains of the segments. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 224 ; Tetranthera dealbata, R. Br. Prod. 403. Hab.: Common both north and south. Var. rufa. The rufous hairs more abundant and persistent on the branches and underside of the leaves. — Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Fraser, F. v. Mueller, W. Hill, Leichhardt. — Common. Wood of a yellowish colour, with numerous short brown longitudinal streaks ; tough and •close-grained. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. 1 foods. No. 320. 4. I,. Bindoniana (after S. Bindon), F. v. M. Fraym. v. 157. A small tree, the young branches and petioles minutely ferruginous-tomentose or at length glabrous. Leaves on rather long petioles, broadly ovate obovate or orbicular, obtuse, 5 to Bin. long, firmly coriaceous, glabrous above, glaucous or somewhat ferruginous underneath, with the primary veins much raised, the smaller transverse ones not numerous. Male flowers not seen. Female peduncles 2 to 8 lines long, in almost sessile clusters, ferruginous-pubescent as 'well as the bracts. Flowers 5, sessile. Perianth nearly 2 lines long, villous; 1312 CX. LAURINE.E. [ Lit. sea segments 6, narrow, as long as the tube. Staminodia 6, outer ones without glands, 3 inner each with a pair of glands. Ovary pubescent. Style thick, villous, with a flat spreading somewhat lobed stigma. Fruit (not seen ripe) protruding from the enlarged persistent cup-shaped truncate perianth-tube. — Cylicodaphne Bindoniana , F. v. M. l.c. ; Tetranthera Bindoniana, F. v. M_ Fragm. v. 167 ; Benth.Fl. Austr. v. 305. Hab.: Summit of 11‘Alister Hill, Rockingham Bay, DaUachy ; and other northern localities. 5. Ii. ferruginea (rusty-liaired), Benth. and Hook. Ger. PL iii. 161. A tree of 30ft. or more, the branches and petioles ferruginous-pubescent or villous. Leaves from broadly ovate to elliptical-oblong, acuminate or rarely obtuse, rounded or cuneate at the base, 3 to oin. long, rather firm, glabrous and shining above, ferruginous-pubescent underneath with raised primary veins, and trans- verse veinlets. Peduncles clustered in the axils or at the old nodes, 3 to 6 lines, long in the males, shorter in the females. Bracts orbicular, enclosing 5 or 6 flowers on very short thick pedicels. Perianth-segments 6, lanceolate ciliate and very deciduous in the females, broader more obtuse and sometimes few in the males. Perfect stamens 2, twice as long as the perianth, the filaments hairy; staminodia in the females 12, short. Fruit (not seen quite ripe) ovoid, resting in the enlarged cup-shaped truncate perianth-tube which attains 3 to 4 lines diameter. Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 192 ; Cylicodaphne Leefeana, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 169. Tetranthera ferruginea, R. Br. Prod. 403 ; Benth.. Fi. Austr. v. 305. Hab.: Cape Grafton and Endeavour River. Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; between Cleveland and Rockingham Bays, IT. Hilt. Wood pale yellow, light, close-grained, and easily worked. — Bailey’s Cat. Qi. I roods, No. 321a. Var. lanceolata, Meissn. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate. Male flowers as in the typical form, females unknown — T. nesogena, F. v. Muell. v. 169. — Family Island, Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Brisbane River. Wood of a grey colour, close-grained. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, Xo. 321b. It seems very doubtful whether Hexanthus of Loureiro, from Cochin China, usually referred to L. ferruginea, is really the same species. — Benth. 6. Xi. reticulata (netted-veined), B. and H. (lev. PI. Bally Gum. A tree of considerable size, glabrous except the flowers, or the young shoots minutely silky-pubescent. Leaves obovate-oblong or oblong-elliptical, obtuse or scarcely acuminate, narrowed into the petiole, mostly 3 to 4in. long, not thick, green on both sides, the primary viens not very prominent, the reticulations much more conspicuous on the upper than the lower surface. Peduncles 3 to 5 lines long in the males, much shorter in the females, usually in short irregular racemes or clusters, on a common rhachis at first very short but sometimes lengthening to Ain., glabrous as well as the bracts. Perianth-segments narrow acute, silky- villous. Stamens in the males 6, outer ones rather longer than the perianth and without glands, 3 inner rather shorter, each with a pair of glands. Staminodia in the females shorter than the perianth. Ovary glabrous ; stigma broad and lobed. Fruit ovoid, purple, large as a pigeon’s egg, resting in the enlarged truncate cup-shaped perianth-tube. — Cylicodaphne Faucettiana or Tetranthera Fawcettiana, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 168 ; T. reticulata, Meissn. DC. Prod. xv. i.192^ Benth. FI. Austr. v. 306. Hab.: Rockingham Bay. Dallachy, and many southern localities. Wood of a grey colour, close-grained light, and easy to work. Highly prized for staves. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. 1 Foods, Xo. 322. 7. CASSYTHA, Linn. (Greek name for Cuscuta). Flowers hermaphrodite (or semi-dioecious ?). Perianth-segments 6, the 3 outer ones short broad and resembling the bracts, the three inner ones (when full grown) at least twice as long, almost valvate in the bud. Stamens of the outer Cassytha.] CX. LAURINE2E. 1315 row G, all perfect with introrse anthers, or rarely 8 of them (opposite the inner segments) reduced to linear or spathulate staminodia ; of the inner series 3 per- fect with extrorse anthers (opposite the outer perianth-segments), alternating with 3 staminodia ; anthers all 2-celled ; glands 6, one on each side at the base of the- inner perfect stamens. Ovary free, scarcely immersed in the perianth-tube till after flowering ; stigma small, obtuse or capitate. Fruit drupaceous, completely enclosed in the enlarged persistent and succulent perianth-tube, usually crowned by the small persistent segments. Seed with a membranous testa. Embryo with thick fleshy cotyledons, distinct at an early stage, but completely consolidated when ripe, assuming the appearance of a fleshy albumen at the base of which the plumula simulates an embryo. — Leafless parasites with filiform or wiry twining stems attaching themselves to living plants (usually shrubs or trees) by means of small haustoria (suckers). Leaves replaced by minute scales. Flowers small, sometimes very minute, in pedunculate or rarely sessile spikes, which are either reduced to close heads or elongated and interrupted, or in racemes each flower sessile or pedicellate within a minute scale-like bract, with 2 similar bracteoles close under the perianth. The genus is chiefly Australian and more or less maritime, and the species enumerated are all endemic, with the exception of one which exteuds also over the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and America. There are besides one or two species from S. Africa, and one from Borneo. — Benth. The anomalous habit of Cassytha, so exactly that of Cuscuta, has induced Lindley and others to propose it as a distinct natural Order, but the structure of the flower is so precisely that of Cryptocarya, that it has been again reunited with Laurinese as a tribe. The fruit is also the same with the exception of the hard endocarp, and the cotyledons are so completely consolidated in the ripe seed, that Gaertner described them as a fleshy albumen, mistaking the plumula, which is at least as much developed as in other Laurines, for the embryo. B. Brown pointed out this error, and Griffith and others figured the embryo with a distinct line of separation between the two. cotyledons. In the dried fruits I had at my disposal I could not detect any such demarcation, and I should have followed Gaartner in describing the seed as albuminous had it not been for Brown’s very decided contradiction, more especially as Colonel Champion in some sketches made from the living plant in Hong Kong seemed to confirm Gsertner’s view. On writing, however, to- Dr. Thwaites in Ceylon, he has kindly examined fresh seeds, and fully corroborates Brown’s and Griffith’s statements, explaining the discrepancies by the circumstance that it is onl'7 at an early stage that the cotyledons are clearly distinct, the line of demarcation becoming obliterated long before maturity. — Benth. In several species the specimens show two forms of flower, always on different individuals, in the one the perianth-tube is exceedingly short, in the other it is globular and as long as the segments. In both, the stamens as well as the ovary appear to be perfect, usually more advanced in the latter than in the former ; but I have not as yet found any intermediate state, a circumstance which suggests a certain degree of unisexuality. Nees has generally and Meissner occasionally considered the two forms as distinct species, the one with a rotate, the other with an urceolate perianth, in which view, however, I cannot concur.— Benth. Flowers sessile in a spike or head. Flowers capitate, very small (the spikes contracted into ovoid globose or few-flowered heads). Spikes pedunculate. Flowers few, glabrous 1. C. ylabella. (The spikes of C. puhescens, and C. melantlia, are sometimes capi- tate when in bud). Flowers spicate, the spikes when fully out oblong or elongated, the lower or all the flowers more or less distant. Flowers pubescent or villous. Ovary hirsute. Spikes short, almost capitate when young. Fruiting perianth globular 2 C. puhescens. Flowers glabrous or nearly so. Ovary glabrous. Flowers 1 to 1J line long. Spikes usually elongated, the flowers distant. Fruiting perianth with G raised ribs 3. C. paniculata. Fruiting perianth smooth, the ribs scarcely visible 4. C. filiformis. Flowers 2 lines long. Spikes very short 5. C. melantlia. Flowers (when fully out) pedicellate in a raceme, sometimes almost shortened into an umbel. Stamens opposite the inner perianth-segments reduced to linear staminodia 6. C. racemosa. 1314 CX. LAURINEjE. [ Cassytha . 1. C. glabella (smooth), E. Br. Prod. 404; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 309. Glabrous. Stems filiform. Spikes pedunculate, reduced to heads of 3 to 6 or rarely more very small flowers. Perianth f line long, quite glabrous as well as the bracts ; in some specimens the tube undeveloped but the ovaries perfect, in others the flowers rather longer and the tube enclosing the ovary but the stamens apparently perfect. Fruit ovoid, about 2 lines long. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 254 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 318 ; F. v. M. PI. Viet. ii. t. 68 ; C. dispar, Schlecht in Linntera, xx. 578, Meissn. l.c. 253 ; C. microeepliala, Meissn. l.c. 253; C. casuarina, Nees. in PI. Preiss. i. 619; Meissn. l.c. 253. Hab,: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Ii. Brown, and other southern and northern localities. riant used as a medicine by the natives at Mapoon. — Both. 2. C. pubescens (pubescent) Pi. Br. Prod. 404 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 310. Stems more robust than in C. glabella, less so than in C. meluntha, but variable, the young branches and inflorescence shortly pubescent or villous. Spikes short, forming when in bud close heads of few flowers, but lengthening out sometimes to fin., with the lower flowers rather distant, the peduncle always short. Flowers usually about If line long, pubescent outside, the inner segments appearing narrower in the fruiting specimens than in those in which the tube remains undeveloped. Ovary villous. Fruiting perianth ovoid, pubescent, about 2 lines long. — Schlecht. Linntea, xx. 577 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 255 ; Hook f. FI. Tasm. i. 318 ; C. piligera, Schlecht. Linnasa, xxi. 446 ; C. ■ tasmanica, Meissn. l.c. 252 ; C. rugulosa, Meissn. l.c. 255. Hab.: Hervey Bay and Sandy Cape, B. Brown, and other southern and northern localities. 3. C. paniculata (paniculate), U. Br. Prod. 40 i ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 311. Quite glabrous or with a scarcely perceptible pubescence on the inflorescence. Spikes pedunculate, elongated and sometimes branched, the flowers usually smaller and more distant than those of C. Jiliformis, but sometimes difficult to distinguish from them. Perianth quite glabrous or rarely with a few hairs. Fruiting-perianth globular, with 6 raised longitudinal ribs. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 256 ; C. glabella, Sieb. PI. Exs., not of R. Br. Hab.: Moreton Island. F. v. Mueller, and many other localities. Var. remotiflora. Inflorescence very slightly puhescent. — C. remotiflora, F. v Muell. : Meissn in DC. Prod. xv. i. 256. — Islands of Moreton Bay. 4. C. filiformis (thread-like), Linn. ; Meissn. in. DC. Prod. xv. i. 255 ; Benth. Fi. Austr. x. 311. Glabrous or the young shoots and inflorescence slightly pubescent. Spikes interrupted, 4 to nearly 2in. long, the flowers all distant and sessile or nearly so. Perianth 1 to If line long, glabrous except short cilia on the margins of the outer segments, the inner ones broad, the 3 outer stamens opposite the outer segments (as in most species) much broader than those opposite the inner ones, but all perfect. Ovary glabrous. Fruiting perianth globular, 2f to 3 lines diameter, smooth, without prominent ribs. — C. guineensis, Sehum. ; Meissn. in. DC. Prod. xv. i. 255 ; C. americana, Nees. ; Meissn. l.c. Hab.: Albany Island, Howick’s Group, and between Dawson and Burnett Rivers, F. v. Mueller ; Rockhampton, O'SJianesy, Bowman ; Enoggera Gap, F. M. Bailey. The species is widely spread over tropical Asia, Africa, and America, chiefly in maritime •districts. 5. C. melantha (flowers black), Pi. Br. Prod. 404 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v- 311. Stems glabrous, stouter and flowers larger than in any other species. Spikes very short and shortly pedunculate, sometimes almost reduced to heads especially when in bud and few-flowered, the fruiting; rhachis varying from 3 to 6 lines long, the flowers sessile. Perianth about 2 lines long, pubescent, with short appressed hairs or nearly glabrous. Fruiting perianth ovoid-globular, 3 to Cassytha.] CX. LAURINEiE. 1315 4 lines long, the whole plant especially the flowers usually drying very black. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 254 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 317 ; C. robusta, Meissn. l.c. 255. Hab. : Recorded far Queensland by F. v. M. without locality, 6. C. racemosa (flowers in racemes), Xees. in Pl. Preiss. i. 621 ; Benth. PL Aiistr. v. 312. Glabrous in the typical form, with slender stems. Spikes or racemes pedunculate with few flowers, sometimes crowded at the end of the peduncle, more frequently distant, pedicellate or rarely nearly sessile, small and glabrous. Perianth under 1 line long. Three stamens of the outer row, those opposite the inner perianth segments, reduced to linear staminodia, nearly as long as the perfect stamens and sometimes slightly dilated above the middle, but always without anther-cells, the other stamens as in the rest of the genus. Fruiting perianth globular, ovoid or obovoid, obscurely 6-ribbed, about 2 lines diameter. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 257 ; C. Muelleri, Meissn. l.c. 257 ; C. dif/itata, Nees. in PI. Preiss i. 620 ; Meissn. l.c. 257. Hab,: Moreton Island, F. v. Mueller. When the pedicels are very short, C. racemosa might be mistaken for C. glabella, but it is always readily distinguished in all its forms by the staminodia instead of stamens opposite the. inner perianth-segments, which I have not observed in any other species. — Benth. 8. HERNANDIA, Linn. (After F. Hernandez, M.D.) Flowers monoecious. Perianth-segments in two rows, valvate in each row in- the bud, 3 or 4 in each row in the males and 4 or 5 in the females. Male fl. Stamens as mauy as the outer perianth-segments and opposite to them, with a gland on each side at the base (or in species not Australian on one side only or none) ; anthers 2-celled, introrse, the valves separating laterally from the inner to the outer edge. Female fl. inserted in a cup-shaped or lobed involucel. Glands or staminodia as many as outer perianth-segments and opposite to them. Ovary inferior, fleshy ; style short, thick, wiih a dilated irregularly toothed or lobed stigma. Fruit somewhat fleshy or coriaceous, indehiscent, enclosed in the enlarged fleshy or thickly membranous involucel. Seed globular ; testa thick and hard, without albumen, Embryo with thick fleshy deeply-lobed cotyledons. — Trees. Leaves alternate, peltate or palmately nerved. Flowers in loose panicles on lateral peduncles at the ends of the branches, each branch of the panicle terminating in an involucre of 4 or 5 verticillate bracts enclosing 3 flowers, the central one female, sessile within the cup-shaped involucel, the 2 lateral ones males and pedicellate. The genus contains but few species, chiefly maritime, extending over the tropical regions of the New as well as the Old World. Of the two Australian species one has a considerable range in the Old World, the other appears to be endemic. Leaves peltate. Involucel of the female flowers and fruits entire, truncate. Male flowers 3-merous, females 4-merous 1. H. peltata. Leaves not peltate, except on young plants. Involucel of the female flowers and fruit deeply 2-valved. Male flowers 4-merous, females 5 merous . . . 2 . H. bivalvis. 1. H. peltata (peltate), Meissn. in DC. Prod. xv. i. 263 ; Benth. Fl. Austr. v. 314. A large tree with a spreading head, glabrous or the inflorescence very slightly hoary-tomentose. Leaves on long petioles, broadly ovate, acuminate, peltately attached near the base, 5- to 9-nerved and remotely penniveined, the larger ones nearly 1ft. long, the upper ones much smaller. Panicles shorter than the leaves, the flowers almost clustered on the branches, one terminal female between two males within a whorl of 4 bracts, and sometimes one or two male3. 1316 CX. LAURINEyE. [Hernandia. lower down with a small bract undereach pedicel. Male perianth slightly pubes- cent, the segments 8 in each row, almost petal-like, veined, about 2 lines long. Stamens 3, shorter than the segments with short filaments. Female flowers with a cup-shaped entire truncate involucel a little below the ovary and 14 line long at the time of flowering, but soon enlarged and growing over the ovary or perianth-tube. Perianth-tube from the first completely adnate to the fleshy ovary, segments 4 in each row, the outer ones ovate 2 lines long, the inner ones narrow. Glands 4, large and nearly globular. Style villous, thickened upwards, with a dilated oblique irregularly lobed glabrous stigma, the whole style deciduous with the perianth-lobes. Fruit completely enclosed in the involucel which has become inflated globular, smooth and fleshy, above 14in. diameter with a circular entire orifice of about iin. diameter. Fruit about lin. diameter, more or less distinctly marked with 8 broad raised longitudinal ribs, with a raised terminal umbo. Seed very hard, about fin. diameter. Embryo divided into 4 or 5 thick fleshy ruminate lobes. — Seem. FI. Yit. 205, t. 32. Hab.: Frankland Islands, M'Gillivray ; Dunk Island, Dallachy ; and a few other tropical localities. The species extends over the sea coasts of the South Pacific and Eastern Archipelago, westward to the Mascarene Islands and northward to the Philippine Islands and Loo Choo. 2. H. bivalvis (2-valved), Benth. FI. Austr. v. 314 ; Cudgerie or Grease-nut. Leaves on long petioles, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded or slightly cordate at the base peltate on young plants only, 3- or rarely 5-nerved, 4 to Gin. long. Inflorescence of H. peltata, the involucre of 4 or 5 bracts, the central female flowers sessile, the two lateral male ones on short pedicels articulate below the middle. Involucel of 2 distinct broad concave bracts enclosing the perianth-tube or ovary. Perianth-segments usually 8 in the males, 10 in the females, about 3 lines long, in 2 rows (one of the inner rows deficient in one flower examined). Stamens 4, the filaments slender, with 2 •glands. Style slender, glabrous, with a broad crenate stigma. Involucel en- closing the fruit nearly 2in. long, very broad, cordate at the base, much inflated, when fresh red and almost fleshy, of an almost membranous texture when dry md reticulate, divided nearly to the base into 2 valves. Fruit black, about 10- ribbed, with a very small terminal umbo. Seed as in H. peltata. Hab.: Brisbane River. Fraser; Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Moreton Bay, Brisbane River scrubs. The shells of the fruit of this tree contain a dye, soluble in soda, but not in ether, alcohol or water. The kernel contains 04'8 per cent, of oil, which is similar to common laurel oil, is of the same consistency, and also the same stearine and narcotic smell. — K. T. Staiger. Wood of a dark-grey colour, grain close, light and soft; suitable for carriage-brakes, lining- •boards, and similar uses. — Bailexfs Cat. Ql. Woods, Xo. 324. Order CXI. PROTEACEjE. Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely partially unisexual. Perianth regular or Irregular, deciduous, consisting of 4 segments valvately united in the bud, the claws forming a tube cylindrical or dilated towards the base, the laminae short, forming a globular ovoid or rarely elongated limb ; the segments at length separating either from the base upwards or revolute from the laminae downwards, leaving a portion of the tube entire or open on one side, the laminae sometimes cohering long after the segments have separated lower down. Stamens 4, opposite the perianth-segments and usually inserted on them, either with the filaments wholly adnate leaving the anthers sessile at the base of the laminie, or the filaments shortly free below the laminae, or very rarely the stamens entirely free from the perianth ; anthers various all perfect or rarely partially abortive, most frequently with 2 parallel cells adnate to a connectivum continuous with the filament. Hypogynous or perigynous glands or scales in many genera 4, alternating with the stamens, CXI. PROTEACEAE. 1817 tut in some genera variously united or reduced in number or wholly deficient. Ovary 1-celled, sessile or stipitate, more or less excentric-al, with a single terminal undivided style, variously shaped at the end, with a small terminal oblique or lateral stigma. Ovules either solitary, or 2 collaterally -attached or slightly superposed, or several imbricate in 2 contiguous rows, either pendulous and orthotropous, or more frequently laterally attached and more or less amphitropous, rarely erect and anatropous, the micropvle always inferior and frequently prominent from the incomplete development of the primine. Fruit either an indehiscent nut or drupe, or a more or less dehiscent coriaceous or woody follicle, very rarely a completely 2-valved capsule ; either 1-celled and 1 -seeded, or when 2 seeds are ripened in a drupe sometimes really 2-celled from the growth of the endocarp between as well ■as round the seeds, or when 2 or more seeds ripen in a follicle, apparently 2 or more celled by the consolidation of the external coating of the 2 adjoining seeds into a membranous or woody plate detaching itself from the remainder of the seed. Seeds without albumen, the testa usually thin, rarely coriaceous or hard ; embryo straight, with fleshy cotyledons and a short inferior radicle. — Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs or even perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or scattered, in a very few genera strictly opposite or verticillate, but often crowded under the inflorescence so as to appear verticillate, usually coriaceous, often vertical with stomata on both side, or in the same genera horizontal or narrow and terete, either toothed or variously divided, without stipules. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or in racemes or spikes, often condensed into umbels heads or cones, each flower or pair of flowers subtended by a bract, very deciduous in some genera and perhaps sometimes really deficient, the pedicels always without bracteoles. Proteaceae, with their chief seat in Australia and South Africa, extend on the one hand to New Caledonia, the Indian Archipelago, and tropical Asia, chiefly eastern, to Japan, and on the other to South America. The clavate fusiform or disk-shaped end of the style in Proteaceae is usually described as the stigma, and where it is more or less constricted it is said to be articulate, but I have never found any real articulation, and although the thickened style-end may be an essential aid in the -collection or desimination of the pollen, its surface is not stigmatic, the real stigma being usually very small, either on the point terminating the style-end, or in the centre of the disk, or quite lateral. The diversified mode in which the different genera the conformation of this style-end and its relation to the anthers promotes the dissemination of pollen whilst it impedes self- fertilization, upon which I have drawn up a few notes from the Linnean Society founded on the examination of dried specimens, would be an interesting study for local botanists who have the means of examining and watching the plants living in their native stations. — Benth. In the distribution of the numerous species of this most natural Order into tribes, genera, and sections, I have only had to follow, with slight modifications, the admirable arrangement proposed by Brown and further developed by Endlicher and Meissner ; but in the great subdivision into Nucamentacese and Folliculares, these terms must not be taken strictly in their literal sense, for indehiscent drupes occur in both divisions. Taking, however, the fruit generally, in conjunction with the arrangement of the ovules and the inflorescence, neither of them again strictly constant, we have very fairly definite characters for two large groups which are both natural and to a certain degree geographical. For although both are abundant in Australia, the Nucamentaeese alone are in Africa, and the Folliculares alone in Asia and America. — Benth. Series 1. Nucamentaces, — Fruit an indehiscent nut or drupe. I lowers usually - solitary within each bract. Tribe I. Proteeae. — Anthers all perfect or very rarely the upper one abortive, with 2 parallel cells adnate to the connectivum, inserted at the base of the short spreading larnime of the perianth. Ovule 1 or rarely 2. Stigma terminal. Fruit a dry nut. Flowers in dense cone-like spikes or heads with imbricate scale-like bracts, with few or many outer empty bracts forming an involucre. Anthers free. Cone-scales firmly adhering to the rhachis and opening for the emission of the more or less flattened nuts 1. Petrophila. Cone-scales either very deciduous or remaining closely imbricate after flowering till they fall off with the nuts which are not flattened ... 2. Isopogon. 1818 CXI. PROTEACEiE. Tribe II. Conospermeae. Anthers: one with 2 perfect cells, two with 1 perfect and I abortive cell, the fourth abortive, the perfect cells broad, concave, erect, without any connective,, the adjoining ones of distinct anthers applied face to face in the bud forming a single cell, all on very short thick filaments at the base of the lamina: or at the summit of the tube of the perianth. Ovule 1. Fruit a dry nut. Lower anther abortive. Stigma raised above the stamens on the beak-like end of the style. Nut turbinate, fiat and comose on the top. Leaves entire 3. Conospermum. Tribe III. Persooni ex.— Anthers all perfect, with parallel cells adnate to the connective, the stamens inserted at or below the middle of the perianth-segments. Ovides 2 or sometimes 1. Fruit a drupe or rarely a dry nut or membranous. Leaves entire. Flowers axillary or rarely forming a terminal or infra- terminal raceme by the abortion of the floral leaves. Ovules 2 or 1. Fruit a drupe 4. Persoonia. Series 2. Folliculares. — Fruit dehiscent, follicular or 2-valved, drupaceous and inde- hiscent. Flowers usually in pairs, with a single bract to each pair, rarely (in Carnarvonia, Lambertia and Stenocarpus), the inflorescence anomalous. Tribe IV. G-revilleeae. —Ovules 2 or 4, collateral. Seeds without any intervening sub- stances or separated by a thin lamina or mealy substance. Flowers in racemes or clusters, with deciduous or abortive bracts, or with an involucre of imbricate bracts. Ovules 2. Perianth regular or nearly so, small, sometimes under £in., the anthers on short filaments attached below the laminae. Style cylin- drical or more or less elavate at the end. Flowers pedicellate, in pairs, in racemes. Fruit with a fleshy indehiscent exocarp and cartilaginous endocarp 5. Helicia. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Fruit with a more or less coriaceous 2-valved exocarp and horny endocarp 6. Macadamia. Flowers sessile, in pairs, in cylindrical spikes. Fruit thick and woody, tardily dehiscent. Leaves opposite 7. Xvlomelusi. Flowers sessile or nearly so, in pairs, in cylindrical or oblong spikes. Fruit a follicle. Leaves alternate 8. Orites. Ovules 2. Perianth straight. Anthers short and sessile with the concave lamin®. Leaves alternate. Ovules orthotropous, pendulous. Fruit indehiscent 9. Kermadecia. Fruit indehiscent, seeds solitary oval-globose 10. Hicksbeachia. Flowers solitary or in twos or threes, axillary. Perianth-tube almost slraight, the laminae soon free. Follicle l seeded 11. Strangea. Ovules amphitropous, laterally attached. Fruit a follicle. Seeds without wings or the wings short at both ends or annular. In- florescence terminal, rarely also axillary 12. Grevillea. Seeds winged, chiefly or entirely at the upper end. Inflorescence axillary 13. Hakea. Ovules 4, collateral. Perianth revolute in the bud or straight and regular. Anthers short and sessile within the concave laminae. Fruit a follicle. Leaves alternate. Flowers solitary or clustered on irregularly branched peduncles. Fruit a follicle. Leaves alternate, compound 14. Carnarvonia. Perianth revolute in the bud. Hypogynous gland unilateral or semi- annular. Follicle short and broad 15. Buckinghamia. Perianth straight. Hypogynous glands 4. Follicle oblong, recurved . . 16. Darlingia. Tribe V. Embothrieae. — Ovules several, imbricate in 2 roics. Seeds usually separated by thin lamina or a mealy substance. Flowers in spikes often clustered. Hypogynous glands usually 3, distant, attenuated upwards. Exocarp almost woody 17. Musgravea. Flowers in long pendulous racemes, and lateral, or shorter erect and nearly terminal. Hypogynous glands 4, roundish, somewhat connate . . .18. Holland/ea. Hypogynous glands 4. Ovules imbricate downwards. Seeds with narrow wings all round .... 19. Cahdwellia. Flowers in umbels without bracts 20. Stenocarpus. Flowers in loose racemes or umbels. Bracts small or deciduous or wanting. Hypogynous glands 3. Ovules imbricate upwards. Seeds winged at the upper end 21. Lomatia. Flowers in dense racemes ; follicles oblong coriaceous. Seeds in 2-series with an oblong terminal wing 22. Ehbotiirium. Tribe VI. Banksieae. — Ovules 2, collateral. Seeds separated either by a hard usually woody subtance or by a membrane rarely wanting. Flowers in dense cones or heads. Flowers in ovoid or cylindrical cones, without any involucre 23. Banksia. CXI. PROTEACEiE. 1319 1. PETROPHILA, R. Br. (From being found in rocky places.) Elowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, the tube slender, separating into 4 •segments from the base or (in two sections) remaining united, the limb of 4 linear laminae. Anthers all perfect and free, sessile at the base of the laminae, usually linear, the connective produced into a small appendage. No hypogynous scales. Ovary sessile, with a single or very rarely 2 collateral ovules, pendulous from near the apex of the cavity, and orthotropous or slightly amphitropous. Style .filiform, either dilated and truncate towards the end under a slender or continu- ous and fusiform brush, always glabrous below the brush, the brush usually shortly hispid or papillose, at least before the expansion of the flower, with a glabrous tip and terminal stigma. Fruit a small dry and indehiscent nut, usually com- pressed, sometimes winged with a coma of long hairs on the margins or from the base only or also on one very rarely on both faces.— Shrubs with rigid entire or divided leaves, terete or if flat usually narrow. Flowers usually white or yellow, in dense spikes or cones, each flower sessile within a bract or scale ; the cones globular ovoid oblong or rarely cylindrical, terminal or rarely axillary, the receptacle or rhachis woolly and usually cylindrical, the scales broad and hardened after flowering, persistent, at least at the base, and imbricate but not so closely so as in lsopogon, opening for the emission of the fruit, the thinner points of the scales often falling off after flowering. At the base of the cone are also several imbricate empty bracts forming an involucre sometimes larger than the scales and concealing them, usually smaller, persistent or deciduous. In several species new leaves and shoots form in the axils of the innermost of these empty bracts, which ultimately fall away, leaving the old cones sessile in •the forks of the branches wuthout empty outer bracts. Nuts usually shorter than the scales, the points rarely but the coma frequently protruding. The genus is limited to extratropical Australia and is chiefly Western. Like the closely allied Isopogon, it differs chiefly from the South African genera of the same tribe in the absence of hypogynous scales. The part of the style which is here termed the brush, is usually considered as an upper article of the stigma, but I have never observed any real articulation separating it from the rest of the style, and it does not appear to be ever stigmatic except at the point. — Benth. Sect. 5. Petrophyle. — Leaves divided or rarely simple, the segments usually terete. Cones terminal or also axillary. Perianth-segments falling off separately . Style continuous, fusiform. Leaves more than l^in. long, segments terete, usually 2 or 3 at the end of the branches, often axillary when old. Cones pedunculate. Perianth glabrous 1. P. pedunculata. Cones pedunculate. Perianth silky-villous 2. P. Shirleyce. Cones sessile. Perianth silky-villous. Foliage glabrous. Cones oblong 3. P. pulchella. Young shoots silky or hoary. Cones ovoid 4. P. sessilis. 1. 3?. pedunculata (pedunculate), R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 70, Prod. 364 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 332. A tall glabrous shrub. Leaves pinnate with much divided 2-3-chotomous pinnte, the ultimate segments numerous, rather fine, rigid but not pungent, terete and grooved above. Cones axillary, ovoid or oblong, f to lin. long, on peduncles of J to |in. with small empty bracts at the base of the peduncle. Cone-scales glabrous, broad, hard, with a short persistent erect point. Perianth glabrous, about 5 lines long, the segments falling off separately. Style-end continuous, fusiform, angular, minutely- pubescent or glabrous. Nut broad, the margins comose, both faces glabrous. Aleissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 269 ; Guillem. Ic. PI. Austral, t. 18. Hab.: Southern coastal localities, Eev. B. Scortechini. Pabt IV. v 1820 CXI. PROTEACE.E. {Petrophila.. 2. P. Sliirleyae (after Mrs. J. Shirley), Bail. Bot. Bull. ii. 17. A shrub of about 5 or 6ft., branches with a much wrinkled or sulcate purplish-red bark, often glossy. Leaves pinnate with 2-3-chotomous pinnae, the segments rather slender, terete and grooved above, and the points more or less pungent, the petioles nearly of equal length with the divided portion, whole leaf from 4 to 6fin. long. Cones terminal, solitary, or with 1 or 2 axillary ones close below it conical-oblong, 1+ to 3in. long, f to lin. diameter at the base; peduncles 1 to^ liin. long, bearing 4 or 5 distant broad-acuminate bracts. Cone-scales much broader than long, more or less silky at length nearly glabrous, the elongated points deciduous above the base leaving an apiculate point to the scale. Perianth silky, yellowish, about 5 lines long ; segments with glabrous points, falling off separately. Style-end continuous, fusiform, shortly hirsute. Nut slightly over 1 line broad, the apex or a little way down glali’ous, the rest clothed with spreading silky wThite hairs. Hab: Moreton Island, J. Shirley (in flower and fruit); Fraser Island, H. Tryon (in fruit only). 3. P. pulchella (beautiful), B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 69 ; Prod.. 364 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 332. A shrub of 6 to 8ft., glabrous as well as the foliage or minutely pubescent when young. Leaves twice or thrice pinnate, the segments numerous, not spreading, terete, grooved above, rather slender and not pungent, the whole leaf If to 2fin. long, the petiole as long as the divided part. Cones terminal, sessile, solitary or with one or two axillary ones close below it,, oblong or cylindrical 1 to lfin. long, and -J- to fin. diameter without the perianths. Outer bracts few and small. Cones-scales broad, the outer ones very shortly acuminate and pubescent, the inner more silky at the base with lanceolate deciduous points, all at length broad hard and glabrous. Perianth silky- pubescent, 6 to 7 lines long, the segments falling off separately. Style-end. continuous, narrow-fusiform, sparingly and shortly hirsute. Nut broad, copiously comose on the margins, more sparingly hirsute on the inner face, glabrous on the back. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 270 ; Protea puleliella , Schrad. Bert. Hannov. 15, t. 7; Cav. Ic. t. 550 ; Bot. Mag. t. 796; Protea fuci folia,. Salisb. Prod. 48; Petrophila fucifolia, Knight. Prot. 92; Protea dichotoma , Cav . Ic. vi. 34, t. 551. Hab.: Stanthorpe. 4. P. sessilis (sessile), Sieb. in. Poem, and Schult. Sgst. Yeg. iii. Mailt. 262 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 332. A shrub attaining 8 to 12ft., closely allied to P. pulchella , and as suggested by R. Brown, perhaps a variety with a more rigid foliage, the segments divaricate and the young shoots hoary-tomentose or almost silky. Cones rather broader and shorter. Perianths and style and nuts the same. — R. Br. Prot. Nov. 6 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 270 ; P. canescens, A. Cunn. in R. Br. Prot. Nov. 6 ; Meissn. l.c. 270. Hab.: M'oreton Lay, A. Cunningham, Fraser ; Gladfield, C. J. Gxeyther. 2. ISOPOGON, R. Br. (From isos, equal, and pogon, a beard ; referring to the beard-like fringes on the inflorescence). Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, the tube slender, the upper portion falling off entire with the 4 linear or oblong segments of the limb, leaving a persistent base which finally splits or is cast off as the fruit ripens. Anthers all perfect and free, sessile within the segments of the limb, the connective tipped with a small appendage. No hypogynous scales. Ovary sessile, with a single orthotropous or slightly amphitropous ovule, pendulous from near the apex of the cavity. Style filiform, usually more or less dilated or clavate towards the end,. Pl.LW. f\ C I4////& E E/fioH} L,r JPelropTizZccs Shxr'Z&t/^&s, BcuL. QovT P^iplTijJq Office, lsopoi/oil.] CXI. PROTEACE,E. 1321 and separated from the narrow often bulbous-based brush by a short neck or constriction, the clavate portion usually papillose-pubescent, rarely the style-end continuous and slender, the stigma terminal. Fruit a small dry and indehiscent nut, usually ovoid-conical, scarcely compressed and not winged, hirsute all over, the lower hairs or nearly all forming a long coma. — Shrubs with the habit of Petrophila. Leaves rigid, entire or divided, terete or flat and sometimes broad. Flowers yellow, pink or lilac, in dense spikes or cones, each flower sessile within a bract or scale, the cones hemispherical globular or ovoid, terminal or rarely axillary, the receptacle or rhachis, woolly, flat convex conical or cylindrical, the scales tomentose or villous outside, glabrous inside, imbricate, deciduous after flowering or if long persistent and retaining the seed, readily detached and always falling off with the seed, or in a few species leaving a very short persis- tent base. At the base of the cone are also, as in Petrophila, several imbricate empty bracts, forming an involucre, larger or smaller than the cone-scales and usually more persistent, the cones are also almost always closely surrounded by floral leaves. Nuts shorter than the cone-scales, and very little varied in the whole genus. The genus is limited to extratropical Australia, and is chiefly Western. Although the majority of the. species differ from Petrophila in the mode of breaking up the perianth, in the form of the style-end, and in the shape and indumentum of the nut, all these characters have exceptions, and perhaps the must constant one is that of the cone-scales, which in Petrophila remain firmly attached to the receptacle, opening spontaneously or by force for the emission of the nuts, whilst in Isopogon they separate from the receptacle either with the nuts or previously. — Bentli. Sect. I. Eustrobilus. — Cone-scales all with broad dilated or truncate ends, closely imbricate afar flowering in an areolated globidar or ovoid mass, often long, persistent, but breaking up when the fruit fall. Receptacle convex, conical, or cylindrical. Perianth glabrous or with a tuft of hairs at the end of the segments. Leaves much divided, with flat, pungent-pointed segments. Flowers yellow. Outer bracts shorter than the cone-scales. Petioles 2 to 3in. long. Perianth about 4 lines 1. I. petiolaris. Petioles 1 to l^in. long. Perianth 5 or 6 lines 2.1. anemonifolius. 1. I. petiolaris (stalked), A. Cunn. in Ft. Br. Prot. Nov. 8 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 347. A low bushy or procumbent shrub, nearly allied to I. anemonifolius, the young shoots tomentose-pubescent, the adult foliage sometimes glabrous. Leaves flat and ternately or pinnately divided as in I. anemonifolius, but more rigid and striate, the petioles usually 2 to 3in. long, the segments divaricate, often pungent-pointed. Cones globular, ■§■ to fin. diameter without the perianths, or from f to lin. when in fruit. Outer bracts few, rather broad, acuminate. Cone-scales broadly cuneate, very woolly outside, but with longer points than in 1. anemonifolius. Perianth scarcely 4 lines long, glabrous except the small terminal tufts, the tube short. Styles of I. anemonifolius. — Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv. 279. Hab.: North of Macintyre’s Brook, A. Cunningham ; Stanthorpe. 2. I. anemonifolius (Anemone-leaved), Knight. Prot. 93 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 347. A shrub of 4 to 6ft., glabrous except the cones or the branches and young shoots pubescent. Leaves on rather long petioles, once or twice trifid or pinately divided, with linear or linear-cuneate entire or 2- or 3-lobed segments, usually diverging or falcate, mostly pungent-pointed, rather rigid, and obscurely veined, the whole leaf 2 to 4in. long and nearly as broad. Cones sessile, solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3 at the ends of the branches, nearly globular, ^ to fin. diameter. Outer bracts numerous but mostly small and narrow. Cone-scales very numerous, woolly outside, the expanded truncate imbricate ends becoming glabrous with very minute points. Perianth yellow, 5 to 6 lines, glabrous except the terminal tufts of short hairs. Style-end clavate, minutely papillose-pubescent, separated by a short constriction from the bulbous base of the nearly glabrous brush. 1322 CXI. PROTEACEiE. [Isopogon. Receptacle oblong or cylindrical. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 72, Prod. 366 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 279 ; F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 238 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1337 ; Protea anemoni folia, Salisb. Prod. 48; Bot. Mag. t. 697 ; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 332 ; P. tridactylites, Cav. Ic. vi. 33, t. 548. Hab.: Wallangarra. 3. CONOSPERMUM, Sm. (Conical seed.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube straight, entire ; limb of 4 nearly equal spreading lobes or 2-lipped, the upper lip very broad, concave, shortly acuminate or with recurved margins, the lower with 3 narrow lobes. Stamens inserted in the gibbous apex of the tube or concave base of the limb ; filaments short, thick ; anther of the uppermost stamen with 2 perfect cells, of the lateral stamens with 1 perfect and 1 abortive cells, of the lowest stamen with 2 abortive cells, the perfect cells stipitate erect concave, each one of the lateral anthers when in bud facing the adjoining one of the upper anther and forming with it but one cell, but separating as the flower opens, the abortive cells usually subulate. Ovary obconical, crowned by a tuft of long hairs, 1-celled with 1 pendulous orthotropous ovule. Style filiform at the base, more or less thickened and curved on a level with the anthers and terminating in an oblong and narrow beak with a lateral stigma close to the end elastically turned down towards the lower lobe of the perianth as the limb expands. Fruit a small indehiscent turbinate or obconical nut, the apex broad flat or concave, covered with a coma of usually long hairs, the sides villous with shorter hairs. — Shrubs or under- shrubs. Leaves quite entire. Flowers blue, lilac, pink or white (not yellow), in short dense spikes, which are either sessile in dense compound heads, or solitary on axillary peduncles or variously paniculate on axillary or terminal peduncles, each flower sessile within a broad sheathing persistent bract, the rhachis of the spike often somewhat lengthened and thickened as the flowering advances. The genus is limited to Australia, and the greater number of species to extratropical W. Australia. Sect. 1. Euconospermum.- Perianth-limb 2-lipped, as long as or shorter than the tube, the upper Up very broad, concave over the anthers, the lower with 3 narrow lobes. Stems leafy to the inflorescence. Peduncles several, terminal or in the upper axils, each with several spikes, forming a corymbose panicle. Perianth-limb not above half as long as the tube. Leaves rigidly linear, crowded, erect, 2 to 3in. long 1. C. sphacelatum. Leaves linear, linear-oblong or lanceolate, erect or slightly spreading . 2. C. taxifolium. 1. C. sphacelatum (sphacelate), Hook, in Mitch. Trop. Anstr. 342; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 371. An erect shrub, the branches and young leaves silky or hoary-tomentose, the older foliage glabrous, the inflorescence pubescent. Leaves crowded, erect, linear, rigid, with a small callous point, obscurely 1- nerved, mostly 2 to 3in. long. Peduncles in the upper axils longer than the leaves, bearing each several spikes, and forming a compact broad terminal corymb. Bracts broad, shortly acuminate. Perianth shortly pubescent, about 5 lines long, the limb about half as long as the tube, the lips nearly equal, the upper one broad, concave, shortly acuminate, the lower one divided to below the middle into 3 narrow lobes. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 320. Hab.: Near Mount Pluto, Mitchell. 2. C. taxifolium (Taxus-leaved), Sm. in Piees' Cycl. ix.; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 372. An erect shrub of several ft., with virgate branches, minutely hoary- tomentose or glabrous, the inflorescence usually pubescent. Leaves crowded, linear or lanceolate, acute, rigid or slightly spreading, contracted at the base, mostly \ to fin. long, but in a few specimens nearly lin. and the lower ones Conospe rmuni.] . CXI. PROTEACE.E. 1323 even still longer. Peduncles in the upper axils usually rather numerous, 1 to 3in. long, rarely longer, each bearing several pedunculate spikes, the whole forming a more or less corymbose panicle. Bracts broad, acuminate, shorter than the perianth-tube. Perianth pubescent, 2J to 8 lines long, the limb much shorter than the tube, the upper lip broad and concave, the lower rather longer, divided to the middle into narrow lobes.— R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 154, Prod. 368 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 319 ; Hook. f. El. Tasm. i. 319 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2724 ; C. falci folium, Knight, Prot. 95 (It. Br.) ; C. affine, Roem. and Schult. Syst. iii. Mant. 274 ; C. spicatum, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 10 ; Meissn. in DC. l.c. ; (J. propinquum, R. Br. l.c. ; Meissn. l.c.; C. lavandulifolium, A. Cunn.; Meissn. in PI. Preiss. i. 519, and in DC. l.c. Hab : Moreton Island, M’Gillivray, F. v. Mueller-, Estuary of the Burkekin, Herb. F. Mueller. Var. linifolium. Leaves more spreading and inflorescence. — Peel Island and Bedcliffe Point, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham. 4. PERSOONIA, Sm. (After C. H. Persoon). (Linkia, Cav.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, cylindrical in the bud or constricted above the base, the segments free or nearly so, recurved in the upper portion, the laminte scarcely broader than the claws. Anthers all perfect except in one species) on short filaments inserted at or below the middle of the perianth- segments, the cells adnate to the connective. Hypogynous scales or glands usually small. Ovary stipitate (the stipes in a few species very thick and short), with a terminal style either short and indexed or elongated and filiform, the stigma terminal ; ovules 2 or rarely 1, orthotropous, pendulous with short funicles and not strictly collateral, one ovule with a longer funicle or attached lower down than the other. Fruit a drupe, with a succulent exocarp and a thick very hard endocarp, either 1 -celled and 1 -seeded, or obliquely 2-celled with a single seed in each cell.— Shrubs or small trees. Leaves entire, alternate, or rarely here and there almost whorled. Flowers yellow or white, solitary in the axils or owing to the abortion or reduction of the floral leaves forming short racemes at first terminal or axillary, or at length at the base of a leafy branch, rarely in slender terminal 1 -sided racemes. With the exception of a single New Zealand species the genus is limited to Australia. Sect. 1. Pycnostyles. — Style short, often as thick as the ovary, incurved or hooked at the end, burying the stigma in a cavity of the upper perianth-segment below the anther. Leaves flat, long, falcate, narrow or broad, 1-nerved. Tropical species . . 1. P.falcata. Sect. 2. Amblyanthera. — Style elongated beyond the anther-cells, with a terminal stigma. Connective of the anthers not produced beyond the cells. Stipes of the ovary inarticulate or articulate at the very base. Ovary villous (rarely almost glabrous in P. media). Leaves glabrous, flat, ovate, obovate, elliptical or broadly lanceolate Perianth pubescent with appressed hairs. Leaves mostly lanceolate. Perianth-segments tipped with dorsal points 2. P. media. Leaves mostly elliptical. Perianth-segments without points .... 3. P. cornifolia. Leaves pubescent or silkv-villous, flat or with recurved margins, from lanceolate to obovate. Leaves mostly obovate or oblong-spathulate 4. P. sericea. Leaves mostly narrow 5. P. Mitchellii. Leaves scabrous or hispid, with revolute margins. Leaves narrow-linear, spreading, incurved, § to ljin. long C . P. fastigiata. Ovary glabrous. Flowers erect. Leaves flat, veined, mostly about ljin., elliptical, falcate, lanceolate or linear, usually glabrous. Stems prostrate or trailing. Leaves usually short and broad. Pedicels short 7. P. prostrata. 1821 CXI. PROTEACEiE. - [Persoonia. Stems erect. Leaves rarely above 4in. when narrow, always shorter' when broad. Leaves mostly lanceolate or elliptical. Pedicels very short. Flowers solitary or rarely 2 together 8. P. lanceolata. Leaves linear, often very narrow. Flowers axillary. Ovary 2-ovulate 9. P. linearis. Ovary glabrous. Leaves narrow-linear. Pedicels slender 10. P. virgata. Ovary glabrous. Leaves filiform, not pungent. Ovary 2-ovulate. Perianth- segments without points .... 11. P. tenuifolia. 1. P. falcata (falcate), Pi. Br. in. Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 162, Prod. 378 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 385. “ Tar-poon,” Annan River, Roth.] “ Nanchee ” and “ Booral,” Mitchell River, Palmer. Usually a small tree, glabrous or the young shoots minutely tomentose-pubescent. Leaves linear or lanceolate, falcate, 4 to lOin. long, and very variable in width, obtuse or acuminate, contracted into a petiole, the midrib prominent, the margins usually nerve-like, the lateral veins obscure or fine and very oblique. Pedicels slender, i to ^in. long, glabrous as well as the perianth or very minutely hoary-pubescent, sometimes all axillary, but more frequently forming a long raceme with the lower floral leaves reduced to bracts and growing out at the end into a leafy shoot. Ovary glabrous, of nearly uniform thickness with the short stipes and incurved style, the stigma oblique under the upper anther. Anthers all perfect, but the upper one usually smaller, the connective produced into along or short point. Fruit ovoid-globose, Mn. long. — F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 222 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 331 ; P. tniwo- soides, A. Cunn. Herb. Hab.. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, P. Brown ; Cape York, Daemel ; Dayman’s Island, Endeavour Straits, IF. Hill ; Endeavour River, A. Cunningham , IF. Hill ; Estuary of the Burdekin, E. Fitzalan ; Kennedy District, 11. Daintree ; Edgecombe and Rockingham Bays, J. Dallachij ; Cape and Bowen Rivers, E. Bowman; Annan River, Dr. IV. E. Both; Mitchell River, E. Palmer; Etheridge, IF. E. Armit. Fruit eaten. — Roth and Palmer. Wood light with a reddish centre, hard and close-grained. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, Xo. 325 2. P. media (medium), R. Br. Prot. Nov. 16; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 391. “ Geebung,” “Koombarra,” Stradbroke Island, Watkins. A tall erect shrub, the young branches ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves lanceolate or almost elliptical, sometimes oblique or slightly falcate, acuminate or acute, contracted into a short petiole, 2 to 4in. long, flat, thin and glabrous, very obliquely veined. Pedicels axillary, 1 to 2 lines long, ferruginous or glabrous, solitary or very rarely irregularly clustered. Perianth fully five lines long, pubescent with short appressed hairs, the segments tipped with short subulate points. Anther connec- tive not produced beyond the cells. Ovary more or less silky-hirsute but usually much less so than in P. ferrurjinea and P. cornifolia and the hairs sometimes almost disappearing, the stipes glabrous ; style enlongated, with a terminal stigma ; ovules 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 342. Hab.: Brisbane River, Islands of Moreton Bay, and other southern localities. Wood of a light colour, close in grain and firm ; might prove useful for tool handles. It somewhat resembles the English Beech, and may prove as serviceable to musical instrument makers. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, Xo. 326. 3. P. cornifolia (Cornus-leaved), A. Cunn. R. Br. Prot. Nov. 16 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 392. A tall erect shrub, the branches pubescent, the young leaves ciliate on the margins and sometimes pubescent, the adult foliage glabrous. Leaves from broadly obovate or ovate to elliptical-oblong or even broadly lanceolate, acute when narrow or obtuse when broad, usually mucronate, con- tracted into a very short petiole, mostly 1 to 2in. long, flat, rather rigid, the midrib slightly prominent and sometimes obscurely and very obliquely veined. Pedicels solitary in the axils or clustered on a very short axillary branch with the floral leaves reduced or abortive, sometimes very short, rarely 2 to 3 lines long. Perianth shortly silky-pubescent, 5 to 6 lines long, without points to the segments. Persoonia.'] CXI. PROTEACE^E. 1325 Anther-connective not produced beyong the cells. Ovary densely silky- villous, on a very short glabrous stipes ; style elongated, with a terminal stigma ; ovules 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 341 ; P. tinifolia, A. Cunn. Herb. Hab.: Logan and Brisbane Rivers, Moreton Bay and inland, Fraser, Cunningham ; and from "there to Starothorpe. The foliage of this species is very variable, but the leaves are usually shorter, broader, and less veined than in the preceding species, and the perianth has neither the ferruginous hairs of P. ferntginea nor the subulate tips of P. media ; the hairs of the ovary are constantly dense. — JBenth. 4. P. sericea (silky), A. Cunn. ; Ft. Br. Prot. Nov. 14 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 393. An erect shrub resembling at first sight some forms of P. rirjida, but the indumentum softer ; branches densely ferruginous-pubescent or villous. Leaves obovate oblong or oblanceolate, mucronate, but otherwise obtuse, con- tracted at the base but scarcely petiolate, f to 1-^in. long, flat, pubescent on both sides and in the broader leaved forms densely silky, penniveined. Flowers solitary in the axils but a few of the floral leaves sometimes much reduced. Pedicels villous, at first very short, 2 to 3 lines long when in fruit. Perianth pubescent, about 5 lines long, the segments obtuse, without points. Anther- connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary densely villous, on a glabrous stipes ; style elongated, villous ; ovules 2. Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 342. Hab.: Stanthorpe. 5. P. Mitchellii (after Sir T. Mitchell), Meissn. in Hook. Kew Journ. vii. 73, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 342; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 393. An erect shrub from 2 to 8ft. high, with pubescent or villous branches. Leaves oblong-linear spathulate or rarely almost obovate, obtuse with a small point or acute, narrowed at the base, 1 to 2in. long, pubescent when young, at length glabrous or nearly so. Pedicels 3 to 4 lines long, erect or recurved, axillary or forming terminal or subterminal racemes by the reduction of the floral leaves to small bracts. Perianth villous, 4 to 5 lines long, the segments without points. Anther- connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary villous, on a glabrous stipes ; style elongated ; ovules 2. Hab.: Burnett River, Hall/; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller ; Mount Perry, Jas. Keys. G. P. fastigiata (branches pointing upward), E. Br. Prot. Nov. 13 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 393. A shrub with rather slender branches shortly pubescent. Leaves rather crowded, incurved, narrow-linear, scarcely acute, attenuate at the base, the margins recurved or revolute, f to l^in. long, more or less scabrous-pubescent. Pedicels slender, solitary or clustered in the axils (the floral leaves abortive), 1 to 2 lines long. Perianth minutely pubescent or hirsute, 3 to 3^ lines long. Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary densely hirsute, on a glabrous stipes ; style elongated ; ovules 2.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 337. Hab.: Southern inland localities. 7. P. prostrata (prostrate), R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 163 ; Prod. 373 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 395. A trailing prostrate or low and diffuse shrub, extending sometimes to 2 or 3ft., glabrous or the young shoots slightly pube- scent. Leaves broadly elliptical oblong or almost lanceolate, acute or mucronate, contracted into a very short petiole, 1 to l^in. long, not so rigid as in P. cornifolia, scarcely veined except the slightly prominent midrib. Pedicels short, axillary, solitary or clustered on reduced axillary shoots. Perianth glabrous, 4 to 5 lines long, the segments without terminal points. Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary stipitate, glabrous ; style elongated ; ovules 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 342 ; P. daphnoides, A. Cunn. ; R. Br. Prot. Nov, 15 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 339. Hab.: Sandy Cape, Hervey Bay, R. Brown, and near Wallangarra. 1326 oxi. proteacea;. [ Persoonia .. 8. P. lanceoiata, (lanceolate), Andr. Bot. Bep. t. 74; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 395. An erect shrub of several feet, the branches and young shoots hoary- pubescent, the adult foliage glabrous or nearly so. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, mucronate-acute, much contracted into a short petiole, mostly H to 2^in. long, flat, the midrib slightly prominent, the margins scarcely nervelike, otherwise veinless. Pedicels exceedingly short, solitary or 2 together, pubescent, rarely 1 line long. Perianth about 5 lines long, pubescent with very short appressed hairs, the segments without terminal points. Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary glabrous, contracted into a short stipes ; style elongated ; ovules 2. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 162, Prod. 373 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 840 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 25; P. ligustrina, Knight, Prot. 100 ; P. glaucescens , Sieb. in Roem. and Schult. Syst. iii. Mant. 271. Hab.: Near Wallangarra. 9. P. linearis (linear), Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 77 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 397. A tall shrub or small tree of 10 to 20ft., the young branches pubescent or villous, the adult foliage usually glabrous. Leaves rather crowded, linear, acute or almost obtuse, contracted at the base, 1 to 2in. long, f to Inline broad, obscurely veined. Pedicles solitary, 1 to 3 lines long. Perianth about 5 lines long, more or less pubescent with short appressed hairs. Anther-connective not produced, beyond the cells. Ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style elongated ; ovules 2. Drupe ovoid. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 161, Prod. 372 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv. 335; Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 32 ; Bot. Mag. t. 760 ; P. an gusti, folia, Knight, Prot. 99 ; P. pinifolia, Sieb. PI. Exs. ; P. tilifolia, Dietr. ; Roem. and Schult. Syst. iii. 401 ; P. Pruinosa, A. Cunn.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2? (the specimens not in flower) ; Pentadactylon angustifolium, Gaertn. f. Fr. iii. 219, t. 220 ; Persoonia pentadactylon Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. Hab.: Stradbroke Island, Fraser. 10. P. virgata (twiggy), B.. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 161 ; Prod. 372 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 402. A large shrub, with numerous slender branches more or less pubescent, the adult foliage glabrous or nearly so. Leaves narrow-linear, acuminate, contracted at the base, 1 to liin. long, flat, concave or grooved above, convex underneath without any prominent midrib. Pedicels slender, glabrous or minutely pubescent, about fin. long. Perianth glabrous, 4 to 4|. lines long, the segments tipped with minute points. Anther-connective not pro- duced beyond the cells. Ovary glabrous, on a rather short and thick stipes ;. style elongated; ovules 2. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 338; P. linariifolia, A. Cunn. Herb. ; P. tenuifolia, Meissn. l.c. 334, not of R. Br. Hab.: Sandy Cape, Hervey Bay, JR. Brown ; sandy shores of Stradbroke Island, A* Cunningham, Fraser; Moreton Island, M'Gillivray, F. v. Mueller; Pine Rirer, E. Fitzalun. 11. P. tenuifolia (leaves slender), B. Br. Prod. Nov. 12, but not of Meissn.: Benth. FI. Austr. v. 403. A shrub with slender slightly pubescent branches. Leaves crowded, filiform, more or less spreading, acute but not pungent, nearly terete, grooved above, glabrous, ^ to fin. long. Pedicels axillary, rarely 1 line long. Perianth glabrous, 4 to 5 lines long, the segments without subulate points. Anther-connective not produced beyond the cells. Ovary stipitate, glabrous ; style elongated ; ovules 2. Fruit broad. Hab.: Logan and Brisbane Rivers, Fraser ; Glasshouses and Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller ; Stanthorpe and Wallangarra. 5. HELICIA, Lour. (Cyanscarpus, Bail.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, the tube slender, the laminae small, the segments all much revolute when separating. Anthers on short filaments inserted a little below the laminae, the connective produced into a short appen- Helicia .] CXI. PROTEACEJL 132T dage. Hypogynous glands equal, distinct or united in a ring or cup round the- ovary. Ovary sessile, with a long straight style, slightly thickened at the end with a terminal stigma ; ovules 2. Fruit nearly globular, indehiscent with a fleshy exocarp. Seeds solitary and globular, endocarp cartilaginous ; cotyledons thick and fleshy. — Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely verticillate, entire or toothed. Flowers pedicellate in pairs, in terminal or axillary simple racemes, the pedicels of each pair often more or less connate. Bracts often very deciduous. The genus is spread over tropical Asia extending northwards to Japan. The Australian species appear to be all endemic. It is only of quite recent date that fruits of the Queensland species of Helicia, Macadamia and Cyanocarpus have become known, and from what I have seen of these have come to the conclusion that it will be better to allow Cyanocarpus to lapse, and to arrange the Queensland species thus : — Those with dehiscent fruits with fleshy or juicy exocarp, and thin or cartilaginous- endocarp, under Helicia. Those with ‘2-valved or irregularly dehiscent fruits, with more or less coriaceous- deciduous exocarp and hard bony endocarp, under Macadamia. A tall shrub. Leaves verticillate, 4 to 7in. long, 1 to ljin. broad, glossy, lanceolate, entire or toothed. Racemes terminal, 4in. long. Flowers white, about 9 lines long. Fruit oval-globose, pointed at both ends. ljin. long, vermillion 1. II. Youngiana. Tree, glabrous. Leaves of thin texture, nerves distant, oblong, 3 to 7in., entire, abruptly acuminate. Racemes terminal, 2 to 4in. long. Fruit oval, red, lin. long 2. H. Cribbiana - Tree, glabrous. Leaves obtuse or obtusely acuminate, 2 to 4in. long, entire or toothed, nearly sessile. Racemes slender, usually axillary, 2 to 4in. long. Fruit blue, oblong, lin. long 3. H. glabriflora. Tree clothed with rusty hairs. Leaves oblong to lanceolate, 3 to 4in. long. toothed. Fruit blue, about 5 lines long 4. H. ferritginea. Tree or tall shrub clothed with rusty hairs when young. Leaves ovate- laneeolate, more or less toothed, texture membranous, 4 to 7in. long. Racemes axillary, 2 to 4in. long. Fruit, blue, oval, Jin. long 5. H. Nortoniana * Tree, glabrous. Leaves oval, obtuse, or with a long obtuse point, 4 to Sin’ long. Racemes axillary. Pedicels very short. Fruit not seen .... 6. australasica. Tree, slender, glabrous. Leaves 4 to 7in. long, 1 to ljin. broad, cuneate to lanceolate, glossy on both sides. Racemes lateral, including the peduncle 2J to 3Jin long. Bracts minute, numerous. Perianth crimson . ... 7. H. Heyana. 1. H. Youngiana (after Sir John Young), Chas. Moore and F. v. M. Fragm . iv. 84, and But. Bull. v. 26. A tall rather straggling shrub, the young branchlets and inflorescence ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves bright green, shortly petiolate, in whorls of 3 or 4, oblong-lanceolate, often long acuminate, entire or more or less toothed, 4 to 7in. long, glabrous and glossy above, silky underneath when young. Racemes terminal, about 4in. long. Pedicels ferruginous-pubescent about 2 lines long. Bracts cillate. Perianth white, about 2 lines long. Anther-connective produced into a short obtuse appendage. Hypogynous glands oblong distinct. Ovary villous. Style-end ovoid. Fruit vermillion, from globose to oval, and more or less pointed at each end, attaining lfin, long and ljin. diameter, indehiscent, slightly pubescent ; suture prominent. The fruit becoming uneven or rugose in drying ; exocarp somewhat fleshy, quite free from the seed, which latter is globose and only covered by a thin, felt-like integument or endocarp. — Macadamia Youngiana, F. v. M., Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 406. Hab.: Yandina and Eumundi Scrubs, North Coast Railway. The fruits of this plant have been suspected of poisonous properties. 2. H. Cribbiana (after J. G. Cribb), Bail. A glabrous tree about 20ft. high. Leaves oblong to oblanceolate, 3 to 7in. long, entire on all the specimens to hand, often clustered at the ends of the branchlets, particularly the branchlets which form long internodes, thin-coriacous, tapering from above the middle to a petioles of 3 to 6 lines, the apex abruptly-acuminate ; primary veins distant* 1328 CXI. PROTEACEiE. [Helicia. and the finer reticulation faint on both sides. Racemes, several at the ends of the branchlets, 2 to 4in. long (only seen in fruit). Fruit oval, red, about lin. long, pedicels about 2 lines, exocarp fleshy, endocarp thin, almost cartilaginous. — Cyanocarpus Cribbiana, Bail. Ql. Agri. Journ. i. Pt. v. Hab.: Mourilyan District, E. Cowley, Sept. 1897. 3. H. glabriflora (flowers glabrous), F. v. 31. Fragm. ii. 91 ; Bentli, FI. Austr. v. 405. A small tree quite glabrous. Leaves ovate-elliptical, obtuse or abtusely acuminate, entire or very rarely toothed, contracted into a short petiole, 2 to 4in. long, coriaceous with the veins less conspicuous than in H. australasica Racemes terminal axillary or lateral, very slender, glabrous, about as long as the leaves, the rhaehis almost filiform. Pedicels free or shortly united at the base, i to 1 line long. Perianth very slender, glabrous, about 4 lines long. Hypogynous glands more or less connate in a truncate ring or cup. Fruit oblong, about Jin. long, exocarp juicy, blue, endocarp cartilaginous. — H. conjunctiflora, F. v. M. Fragm. v. 38. Hab.: North Coast Railway. 4. H. ferruginea (ferruginous), F. v. 31. Fragm. iii. 37 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 405. A moderate-sized tree, the branches and inflorescence densely villous with ferruginous or fulvous hairs, which often persist on the principal veins of the underside of the leaves. Leaves shortly petiolate, ovate-elliptical or oblong, acuminate or lanceolate, serrate, contracted or rounded at the base, 3 to 4in. long in some specimens, twice that size in others, the veins very prominent underneath, the primary ones sometimes numerous and regular, in others fewer and more unequal, the minor reticulations also very variable. Racemes terminal or axillary, rather dense, shorter than the leaves. Flowers small, in pairs on a very short common pedicel. Perianth slender, densely rufous-villous, 2J to 3 lines long. Hypogynous glands short and broad, irregular, 2 of them sometimes united. Fruit blue, oval, about 5 lines long, exocarp juicy, endocarp cartila- ginous. Hab.: Mountain scrubs of the southern parts; Rockingham Bay, Barron River, and other northern localities. Wood of a dark-pink colour, prettily figured, close-grained, and useful for both the cabinet- maker and boatbuilder, — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, Xo. 331a and b. 5. H. Nortoniana (after the Hon. A. Norton), Bail. A. small tree, the branches when young clothed with dark-reddish short hairs. Leaves alternate, broadly lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 7in. long, 1 to 3in. broad, irregularly but sharply serrate, the apex more or less elongated ; petioles short, which with the primary veins are clothed writh rusty hairs like the branchlets ; texture membranous, upper surface glossy ; primary veins prominent, joining some distance within the margin. Racemes axillary, 2 to 4in. long, ferruginous. Flowers in pairs, the pedicels short, connate, straight and slender in the bud, about 3 lines long, the segments closely revolute when expanded, glabrous inside. Filaments equal in length with the anther, incurved. Style erect, glabrous. Stigma clavate. Ovary sessile, very hairy. Fruit a bright-blue oval juicy drupe, about Jin. long, more or less hairy, and bearing the persistent, slender, straight style. — Cyanocarpus Xortoniana, Bail. 3rd. Suppl. Syn. Ql, FI. 61. Hab.: Tringilburra Creek and creeks off Russell River. 6. H. australasica (Australasian), F. r. 31. in Hook. Kew. Journ. ix. 27 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 405. A small tree, quite glabrous. Leaves oval-elliptical, obtuse or acuminate, entire or irregularly toothed, contracted into a very short petiole, glabrous and veined on both sides, 4 to 5in. long. Racemes axillary or lateral, shorter than the leaves or rarely exceeding the shorter upper ones, quite Helicia .] CXI. PROTEACEiE. 1329 glabrous. Flowers in pairs on an exceedingly short common pedicel so as to appear almost sessile on the rhachis. Perianth slender, glabrous, scarcely £in. long. Hypogynous glands broad and truncate so as apparently to form a ring or cup, but really free. Ovary villous. Fruit not seen. Hab.: Barron River, E. Cowley. 7. H. HCeyana (after Rev. Nicholas Hey, of Mapoon), Bail. A beautiful slender tree, 15 to 20ft. high, quite glabrous. Leaves 4 to 7in. long, 1 to l^in. broad in the upper part, cuneate to lanceolate, sometimes obtuse or obtuse- acuminate, both sides glossy, lateral nerves numerous joining in an inter- marginal one near the edge, reticulate veins close, margins entire or here and •there a minute gland-like tooth, on very short petioles. Racemes lateral, includ- ing the short peduncle from 2k to 3Jin. long. Flowers in pairs, slender, 3 lines long, connate to the middle ; bracts minute, lanceolate, numerous on the peduncle, rather persistent. Perianth crimson, 10 lines long in the bud. Style- end pyramidal-conical (no expanded flowers on the specimens preserved). Hypogynous glands broad-truncate. No fruit seen. Hab.: Palm Camp, Bellenden Ker, Bail. (Bellenden Ker Exped., 1889). 6. MACADAM I A, F. v. M. (After — . Macadam). Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular or slightly irregular. Anthers on short filaments, inserted a little below the laminte, the connective produced into a gland or very short appendage. Hypogynous glands equal, distinct or united in a ring or cup round the ovary. Ovary sessile, with a long straight style, ovoid or clavate at the end, with a small terminal stigma ; ovules 2 (in M. ■temi folia). Fruit globular. Seeds either solitary and globular or 2 and .hemispherical ; testa membranous ; cotyledons thick and fleshy. — Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves sometimes verticillate, entire or serrate. Flowers pedicellate in pairs or scattered in terminal or axillary simple racemes or panicles, the pedicels not usually connate. Bracts more or less deciduous. The genus is endemic in Australia. Trees. Leaves verticillate or opposite, usually in whorls of 3 or 4 oblong or lanceolate, serrated or entire, 5 to 12in. long. Racemes pendulous, axillary, long as the leaves; flowers small, numerous. Pedicels free. ^Perianth about 3 lines long. Fruit globose 2-valved or bursting irregularly. Seeds globose if 1, hemispherical when 2 . 1. 31. ternifolia . Tree, glabrous. Leaves opposite or in whorls 3 to 6, broad-lanceolate, 4 to 7in. long, margins entire. Peduncles several in a whorl of leaves at the ends ef the branchlets, slender, hoary and about 4 in. long, bearing 1 or 2 whorls of pedunculate racemes crowded with hirsute flowers. Pedicels free. Fruit globose, 2in. diameter, 2-valved or bursting irregularly. Seeds globose if 1, hemispherical if 2 2. M. Whelani. Tree. Leaves lanceolate 3 to lOin. long. Racemes axillary or lateral, long as the leaves. Pedicels connate for about half their length. Fruit globose, 2-valved, 1 to 2in. diameter. Seeds globose when 1, hemispherical when 2 3. 31. praalta. 1. IYI. ternifolia (leaves in threes), F. r. 21. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. ii. 72, •with a plate ; Bcnth. FI. Anstr. v. 406. A tall tree (typical form), with a very ■dense foliage, glabrous, or the yofing branchlets and inflorescence minutely pubescent. Leaves sessile or nearly so, in whorls of 3 of 4, or some opposite, •oblong or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, serrate with fine or prickly teeth, or quite •entire, from a few inches to 1ft. long. Racemes as long as the leaves, with numerous short flowers, the pairs almost clustered or almost verticillate. Pedicels •at first very small and not above 2 lines when in fruit. Periath minutely pube- scent or glabrous, nearly 3 lines long. Hypogynous glands united in a ring. 1330 CXI. PROTEACE.E. [Mac ad ami a.. Ovary villous; style-end clavate. Fruit with a 2-valved coriaceous exocarp;, endocarp smooth and shining, thick and bony, seeds often above lin. diameter, globular or 2 and hemispherical. — Helicia ternifulia, F. v. M. Fragm. ii. 91, vi. 191. Hab.: Pine River and Moreton Bay, W. Hill ; Dawson and Burnett Rivers. Wood of a red colour, close-grained, firm, and prettily marked ; will doubtless become a favourite wood with the cabinet-makers. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods. No. 328. There are probably three forms of this species, viz., the typical; another with nuts only half the size of the typical. These nuts I have only received from the Pine River, but hitherto I have never received specimens of other parts of the tree or shrub. The third seems only to differ from the typical form in the leaves being usually more lanceolate and in habit. It grows in the M iroochie scrubs, and instead of a single stem several arise from a spreading rhizome-like base some little distance from each other. These attain the height of 15 or more feet, and are said after fruiting to die early; the leaves are of thinner texture than the typical form but the nut differs in nothing from the common form. 2. 1ST. Whelani (after Sergeant E. J. Whelan), Bail. A glabrous tree of medium size. Trunk erect, bark smoothish, not thick, seldom more than ^in. on old trees ; the branches opposite or whorled, reddish when young ; wood with the usual grain of the order and deep red. Leaves opposite or more frequently at the ends of the branches in whorls of 3 to 6, petiolate, lanceolate, 4 to Tin. long, 1 to 3in. broad, the points more or less elongated, midrib prominent; reticulations close, prominent in the dried leaf but scarcely so when fresh, margins entire. Panicles erect, terminal, puberulous, numerous, starting from a whorl of leaves. Peduncles slender, 3 or 4 inches long, branches in 1 or 2 whorls of 3 to 9, pedunculate, spike-like racemes 1A to 2Ain. long, including the peduncle, which is about one-third of the length. Flowers scattered. Pedicels free, which, with the rhachis, is densely covered by short white hairs, about 1 line long. Perianths would appear from the dried specimen to be white, slightly longer than the pedicels, glabrous, or with a few scattered white hairs on the outside, revolute to the base. Fila- ments flat, inserted near the base of the perianth-segments. Anthers with prominent gland-like connectives. Hypogynous glands united, forming a cup. Ovary clothed with white hairs ; style angular, glabrous. Fruit slightly ferru- ginous, globular, 2 or more inches in diameter, over 2Ain. when containing twin nuts ; exocarp coriaceous, 2-valved, nuts globular when solitary, hemis- pherical when 2 in a fruit ; endocarp bony of a light-brown and glossy ; testa' dark-brown and wrinkled like the kernel.- — Helicia Whelani, Bail. 3rd Suppl. Syn. Ql. FI. 61. Hab : Abundant alone; Tringilburra Creek, and thence to Whelanian Pools. The nuts seem to be largely used by the natives of this locality for food, as we found large quantities of the broken shells as well as the whole nuts at all their camps.— Bail. (Bellenden Ker Exped., 1889), 3. ]VI. praealta (very high), Bail. A moderate-sized or sometimes lofty tree, glabrous except the inflorescence which is often minutely tomentose. Leaves lanceolate, usually narrow, obtuse or acuminate, contracted into a petiole, quite entire, only 3 or 4in. long in a few specimens, mostly 6 to lOin. in others, coriaceous, often shining, penniveined and reticulate, the veins fine. Racemes axillary or lateral, 3 to Gin. long, the rhachis rigid. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long, united to above the middle. Perianth 7 to 8 lines long. Hypogy- nous glands quite distinct and narrow. Ovary glabrous. Fruit globular, 1 to 2in. diameter, 2-valved, exocarp coriaceous, nuts globose or 2 and hemispherical ; endocarp somewhat rugose, bony, but not very thick. — Helicia praalta, F. v.. M. Fragm. iii. 37 ; Benth. in FI. Austr. v. 401. Ha’o.: Southern scrubs, generally on mountain sides. Wood of a red colour, nicely marked, close in the grain, tough, strong, ai d durable ; useful for cabinet-work, handles of tools, and other purposes. When newly cut it has a very disagree- able odour.— Bailey’s Cat. Ql. I Foods, No. 331. Pl. LVH Macadamia tjow’ P«ii( adventitious shoots from the trunk longer and narrower than the others). Racemes near the ends of the branclilets, almost sessile, seldom much exceeding lin. ; flowers very dense, of a spicy fragrance. Pedicels slender, about 3-lines long, silky-hairy as well as the rhachis. Perianth long as the pedicel, silky-hairy outside, the inside with long white hairs, except at the base, where the tube is glabrous; opening to near the base, and very revolute. Gland semi-annular. Ovary on a stipes of about 1 line, which is glabrous, as well as the ovary and style; the latter much curved, about 7 lines long. Stigmatic disk oblique, oval, convex. Fruit ovate-oblong, mucronate from the persistent base of the style, nearly lin. long, Jin. broad, valves woody. Seeds 2, greyish-brown, surrounded by a narrow-wing, about 10 lines long, 5 lines broad, including the wing. Hab.: Childers, Mrs. R. Helms ; who also furnished drawing from which the above plates were produced. 7. G. Goodii (after Peter Good), B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 174, Prod • 379; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 446. Stems prostrate, diffuse (or sometimes erect?), the young branches minutely tomentose. Leaves petiolate, oval-elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, rounded or cuneate at the base, 3 to Sin. long, glabrous or the under surface minutely silky, of a pale colour, penniveined with numerous primary veins uniting in an intramarginal nerve and minor reticulations con- spicuous on both sides. Racemes terminal, solitary or 2 or 3 together, pedunculate, secund, the rhachis 1 J to 2in. long. Pedicels 2 to 3 lines long, minutely tomen- tose as well as the rhachis. Perianth 6 to 8 lines long, nearly glabrous outside, bearded inside with reflexed hairs, the tube obliquely dilated at the base, attenuate above the middle and revolute under the obliquely globular depressed limb. Torus very oblique, linear, about 3 lines long. Gland horseshoe-shaped, slightly prominent. Ovary villous with long hairs, stipitate on the upper margin of the torus ; style very long, more or less ciliate ; stigmatic disk broad, lateral. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 351 ; Guillem. Ic. PI. Austral, t. 16. Hab.: Sandstone country, head of Cape and Flinders River, Bowman; Alice, Centr. Rail. T. H. Girling. 8. G. venusta (graceful), B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 175, rind. 379; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 446. A tall shrub or small tree, the young branches and inflorescence ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves simple or deeply pinnatifid, with 3 to 7 long narrow-lanceolate lobes, the whole leaf 4 to 8in. long, glabrous and penni- veined with numerous oblique parallel veins not very close, often confluent in an intramarginal nerve, minutely silky-tomentose underneath with the ferruginous veins. Racemes terminal, rather loose and short Perianth sprinkled with Grevillca.] CXI. PR0TEACE2E. 1339 appressed hairs, the tube about 5 lines long, very obliquely dilated at the base, attenuate and revolute above the middle. Torus very oblique, narrow, 2 lines long. Gland horseshoe-shaped. Ovary densely villous, stipitate on the upper margin of the torus ; style long, nearly glabrous ; stigmatic disk lateral. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 351 ; Guillem. Ic. PL Austral, t. 11. Hab.: Shoalvvater Bay, R. Brown. 9. G-. longistyla (long-style), Hook, in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 343 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 446. An erect shrub of 7 or 8ft., the young branches minutely tomen- tose. Leaves linear, G to lOin. long, from very narrow to above 2 lines broad, entire or deeply divided into 3 to o segments, glabrous above, the margins recurved, silky pubescent and silvery or fulvous underneath with a prominent midrib. Racemes erect, shortly pedunculate, terminal, or in the upper axils, rather loose, secund, 1 to 2in. long. Pedicels 2 to 4 lines long, tomentose-pubescent and appar- ently viscid as well as the rhachis. Torus very oblique. Gland large, disk-shaped or almost horseshoe-shaped. Ovary densely but shortly villous, on a short stipes at the upper end of the torus; style very long, glabrous, thickened under the broad lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit hard, semiglobular, about Lin. long. Seed scarcely winged. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 351 ; G. ncrjlecta, R. Br. App. Sturt Exped. 24 ; Meissn. l.c. Hab.: Sandstone Ranges near Mount Pluto and the Pyramids, Mitchell ; Burnett Ranges, F. v. Mueller ; Boyd’s River, Leichhardt ; Flinders River, Sutherland. The pinnate-leaved specimens on which G. neglcctu, was founded, cannot be distinguished as a variety from the simple-leaved ones, as both forms occur frequently on the same branch.— Benth. 10. G-0 juncifolia (rush-like leaves), Hook in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 341 ; Benth. Tl. Austr. v. 447. A tall erect shrub, the branches softly tomentose. Leaves very narrow-linear, 6 to lOin. long, entire or here and there divided into 2 or 3 similar segments, rigid and rather thick, doubly grooved underneath and sometimes obscurely so above, glabrous or minutely pubescent. Racemes rather loose, secund, 3 to Gin. long, usually several together in a terminal leafy panicle. Pedicels about Jin. long, viscid-pubescent as well as the rhachis. Perianth yellow, slightly pubescent and apparently viscid outside, glabrous inside, the tube broad at the base, 4 or 5 lines long, much attenuate and revolute under the obliquely globular limb, the lobes with a horn-like dorsal appendage. Torus ■oblique. Gland broad, semicircular. Ovary villous, almost sessile on the upper margin of the torus ; style very long, slightly thickened upwards ; stigmatic disk lateral, convex or umbonate. Fruit very oblique, almost transverse, nearly lin. long. Seed broadly winged all round. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 351 ; G. Sturtii, R. Br. App. Sturt Exped. 23 ; Meissn. l.c. 383, from the character given. Hab.: Near Mount Pluto, Mitchell. This and the preceding species approach in habit G. chrysodendron and G. Banksii, but are at once distinguished by the oblique torus. — Benth. 11. Itennedyana (after Mrs. M. B. Kennedy, of Wonnaminta), F.v. M. Proc. Roy. Soc. Viet. xxiv. 172. A shrub of about 5ft., more or less covered with short, appressed, greyish hairs. Leaves scattered or somewhat fascicled, rigid, linear, entire, pungently pointed, margins revolute, from 8 to 12 lines long, with a single groove underneath. Flowers in sessile umbels, terminal or axillary, very numerous ; bracts fugacious ; pedicels glabrous, Jin. long. Perianth- segments near lin. long, bright red, reflexed in the upper half, glabrous outside, the inside beset with whitish hairs ; torus elongated, almost in a straight line continuing the pedicel. Hypogynous gland semi-annular and also upwards protracted ; style glabrous, nearly half exserted ; ovary stipitate, stigma lateral, Fruit oblique-ellipsoid, pointed at the upper end, slightly glandular-rough outside, 8 lines long. Seeds linear or narrow-ellipsoid, channelled, greyish outside, with a short pale terminal appendage. Hab.: Given as a Queensland plant in Muell. 2nd Syst. Cens. Austr. PI. 118. 1340 CXI. PROTEACE.E. [ GrevillecL ~ 12. G. singuliflora (singular-flowered), F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 92 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 452. A densely branched glabrous shrub, probably small. Leaves sessile or very shortly petiolate, broadly ovate or orbicular, very obtuse, flat or undulate, with a nerve-like margin, 4 to 6 lines long, faintly penniveined on both sides. Pedicels in pairs in the upper axils, filiform, glabrous, 8 to 4 lines long. Perianth glabrous outside, slightly pubescent inside about the middle, the tube gibbous at the base on the upper side, about 4 lines long, revolute under the globular limb. Torus very oblique, linear, about 2 lines long. Gland small and horseshoe-shaped at the lower end. Ovary glabrous on a long stipes at. the upper end of the torus ; style rather long ; stigmatic disk lateral. Ilab.: Dogwood Creek, Leichhardt. 18. G. Wickhami (after Captn. Wickham, R.N.), Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 380 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 455. A shrub of 4 to Oft. or a small tree, the young branches and foliage minutely silky-pubescent, the older leaves nearly glabrous.. Leaves petiolate, ovate, angular or sinuate, with prickly-pointed angles or teeth, cuneate at the base, 1 to ljin. long, reticulate as in G. angulata, or thicker with the reticulations less conspicuous. Racemes secund, f to 2in. long, on short axillary peduncles or terminating short branches. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long, glabrous as well as the rhachis. Perianth glabrous outside, bearded inside about the middle, the tube scarcely 3 lines long, broad and very oblique at the base, contracted and much revolute under the globular limb. Torus oblique. Gland horseshoe-shaped, large but not very prominent. Ovary glabrous, stipitate on the upper margin of the torus ; style glabrous or minutely papillose-pubescent, with a large lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit very obtuse, 4 to 5 lines long. Hab.: Gulf of Carpentaria, F. v. M. 14. G. heliosperma (referring to the round seed), Pi. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 176, Prod. 380; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 457. A small slender tree, the young shoots minutely silvery or fulvous-pubescent, the adult foliage glabrous and more or less glaucous. Leaves once or twice pinnate, the segments not very numerous, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, flat, 3 to 4in. long, tapering at the base and often petiolulate, triplinerved or penniveined with few almost longi- tudinal primary veins and numerous almost longitudinal reticulations con- spicuous on both sides, the whole leaf Gin. to 1ft. long. Racemes very loose, secund, 2 to 4in. long, terminal or lateral, often branched but shorter than the leaves. Perianth glabrous outside as well as the whole inflorescence, bearded inside below the middle, the tube fully 4 lines long, dilated towards the base, somewhat contracted upwards and much revolute under the obliquely globular limb. Torus very oblique and narrow, 3 lines long, Gland adnate, scarcely prominent. Ovary glabrous, stipitate at the upper end of the torus ; style very long; stigmatic disk very oblique or lateral, very convex. Fruit nearly globular, oblique, lin. diameter, with very thick hard valves. Seed broadly winged all round. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 380. Hab.: Westmoreland, Burketown, J. B. Mackintosh. 15. G. refracta (broken), Ii. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 176, Prod. 380 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 458. A tall shrub or small tree, the young branches tomentose. Leaves mostly pinnate with 3 to 11 segments 2 to 5in. long, linear-lanceolate or the terminal one broader, or sometimes reduced to a single oblong-cuneate leaf, the segments acute or obtuse when broad, tapering at the base and sometimes petiolulate, the margins usually recurved, nearly glabrous above and penniveined with numerous very oblique and nearly parallel primary veins, densely silky-pubescent underneath with the midrib alone prominent. Racemes short, secund, nearly sessile, usually several together in a small sessile terminal panicle, the rhachis of each raceme rarely above lin. long, the pedicels 2 to Grevillea.] CXI. PR0TEACE7E. 1341 3 lines, hoary-tomentose. Perianth silky-pubescent outside, bearded inside about the middle, the tube 4 to 5 lines long, dilated towards the base, con- tracted upwards and much revolute under the obliquely globular limb. Torus very oblique. Gland very prominent, half-cup shaped, 2-lobed. Ovary glabrous, stipitate on the upper margin of the torus ; style thick, not very long ; stigmatic disk lateral. Fruit very hard, nearly globular, about lin. diameter. Seed broadly winged. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 382. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, !?. Brown. Var. ceratophylla. Leaf-segments often rather broader and several of the leaves undivided, the primary veins more conspicuous underneath — G. ceratophylla, E. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 177, Prod. 380; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 382; G. heteropliylla, A. Cunn. in E. Br. Plot. Nov. 24 ; Meissn. l.c. 381. — Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, B. Brown. 16. G. Dryandri (after J. Dryander), E. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 175, Prod. 379; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 458. A tall shrub, the branches minutely hoary-tomentose, or quite glabrous. Leaves pinnate, with numerous narrow- linear rather rigid mucronate segments, the lower ones 2 to 4in. long, the upper ones gradually smaller, all with recurved or revoiute margins, glabrous above and more or less marked with very oblique or longitudinal veins, silky-pubescent underneath with the midrib prominent. Racemes loose and secund, glabrous and glaucous, from 4 or 5in. to nearly 1ft. long, and often several on along stout terminal peduncle. Pedicels 3 to 5 lines long. Perianth white, glabrous outside, slightly bearded inside, the tube 7 to 9 lines long, dilated at tbe base, attenuate from the middle and revolute under the obliquely globular limb, the laminae of the longer segments bearing a longitudinal dorsal keel-like appendage. Torus oblique but not very much so. Gland prominent, semiannular, often 2-iobed. Ovary glabrous, on a long stipes ; style very long ; stigmatic disk lateral. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 374 ; G. rigens, A. Cunn. ; Meissn. l.c. ; G. calliptcris, Meissn. l.c. 375. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria,!?. Brown, Henne ; Cape Flinders, A. Cunninyhatn. 17. G. stenobotrya (slender bunches), F. v. M. Fragm. ix. 3. A sturdy plant, the branches becoming glabrous. Leaves 9 or more in. long, undivided, narrow-linear, little more than 1 line broad, margins shortly revolute, the under side slightly silky. The racemose panicles only a few in. long ; bracts caducous. Pedicels scarcely 1-J- line long. Perianth minute -whitish and very slightly pilose outside, segments 2 to 3 lines long, revolute. Hypogynous gland unilateral, very short. Ovary turgid, shortly stipitate, glabrous. Style scarcely 3 lines long, glabrous, stigma dilated almost lateral. Hab.: Eecorded for Queensland by F. v. 31. 18. G. polystachya (many spiked panicle), 7?. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 177, Prod. 380 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 459. A tall shrub or small tree, attaining about 30ft., the branches minutely silky-pubescent or hoary when young. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate and undivided, or dilated upwards and irregularly divided into 2 to 6 long linear-lanceolate segments, the whole leaf 6 to lOin. long, acuminate, tapering into a petiole, glabrous above, more or less silky-pubescent underneath, with the midrib and often longitudinal lateral veins prominent. Racemes rather dense, secund, 3 to 4in. long, glabrous, usually several in a short terminal panicle. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long. Perianth white, glabrous outside, shortly bearded inside, the tube about 4 lines long, not much dilated at the base, narrow and revolute under the globular limb. Torus oblique but not very much so. Gland semicircular. Ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style rather long, shortly thickened under the very oblique stigmatic disk. Fruit woody, obliquely orbicular, f to lin. diameter. Seeds broadly 1342 CXI. PR0TEACE2E. [Grevillea. winged. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 384; C. parallel a, Knight, Prot. 121; G. polybotrya, F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 23; Meissn. l.c. 698, not of Meissn. l.c. 38G. Hab.: Shoalbay Passage, It. Broicn : Gilbert River, F. v. Mueller ; Edgecombe and Rockingham Bays , Dallachy ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Broadsound, Flinders and Bowen Rivers, Bowman ; Liverpool River, Gulliver-, Port Mackay, Nernst. Wood red, hard, close-grained and durable, prettily marked; suitable for cabinet-work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 335a. Var. hebestachya. Racemes minutely hoary-pubescent. Flowers rather smaller. — Cape York, Daemel ; Dayman’s Island, IP. Hill, borne of the Rockingham Bay specimens are intermediate between these and the typical form. — Benth. G. ang-ustata, R. Br. Prod. Nov. 24; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 384, described from specimens in leaf only from Cape Cleveland, A. Cunningham, is probably only a very narrow leaved form of G. polystachya. — Benth. 19. Cv, robusta (robust), A. Cunn. in R. Br. Prot. Xov. 24 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 459. “ Tuggan Tuggan,” Brisbane, Pettigrew. “ Koomkabang,” Bundaberg, Keys. Silky Oak, of S. Queensland. A tree sometimes small and slender, sometimes robust and 80 to 100ft. high, the young branches hoary or ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves pinnate with about 11 to 21 pinnatifid pinnae, the secondary lobes or segments entire or again lobed, lanceolate or rarely linear, often above lin. long, the margins recurved, glabrous above or sprinkled with appressed hairs and obscurely veined; silky underneath, the whole leaf 6 to Sin. long and nearly as broad. Racemes secund, 3 or 4in. long, solitary or several together on very short leafless branches on the old wood. Pedicels slender, about Ain. long, glabrous as well as the rliachis. Perianth glabrous outside and in, the tube nearly 3 lines long, scarcely dilated at the base, revolute under the ovoid limb. Torus slightly oblique. Gland prominent, semiannular. Ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style long, the stigmatic disk somewhat oblique with a central cone. Fruit broad, very oblique, 8 or 9 lines long. Seed winged all round.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 381 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3184; G. wnbratiea, A. Cunn.; Meissn. l.c. Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, Fraser-, many southern localities. Exudes a gum which may be used as a substitute for gum arabic. — Lauterer. Wood of a light-pinkish colour; used for staves and in cabinet-work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 336. 20. striata (channelled), B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 177, Prod. 380; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 462. “ Wilier,” St. George, Wedd. “ Ar-roo-in,” Princess Charlotte Bay. “ Arrongg,” Palmer River, Ruth. A small or large tree, the branches closely tomentose, the foliage minutely and sometimes sparingly silky- pubescent. Leaves undivided, linear or linear-lanceolate, 6 to 18in. long, often curved, 2 to 5 lines broad, obscurely-veined above, striate underneath, with 9 to 13 raised parallel nerves, separated by intervals much narrower than the nerves themselves. Flowers small, in slender spike-like erect racemes of 2 or 3in., shortly pedunculate and usually several together in a ieafless panicle shorter than the leaves, the rhachis tomentose. Pedicels scarcely 1 line long. Perianth silky-pubescent outside, glabrous inside, the tube about 2 lines long, narrow, revolute under the globular limb. Torus small. Gland semiannular, prominent. Ovary glabrous on a slender stipes; style not very long, the stigmatic cone straight. Fruit broad, very oblique, compressed, about fin. long. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 385 ; G. lineata, R. Br. App. Sturt. Exped. 24; Meissn. l.c. Hab.: Islands of Gulf of Carpentaria, Tt. Brown; Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Port Denison, Fitz- alan-, Kennedy District, Daintree ; Flinders and Dawson Rivers, Sutherland ; in the interior, Mitchell. Blacks consider the gum the best for their cement. Charcoal used for stuffing up spear wounds on chest.— Both. The resin of this tree may be used medicinally as a substitute for pitch, and even technically where toughness and stickines is not required. — Lauterer. Wood dark brown, nicely marked, strong, close-grained ; useful for staves and cabinet-work — Bailey's Cat. Ql. 1 roods, No. 337. Pl.LV///. (srev Metis' pisiria/r /isles', JBasl., CjovT P<^TiHoOmcE,Bi?SB<»tlE FCtW/s Pe/Pott;/.^ Grevillea .] CXI. PROTEACEiE. 1343 21. Gr. mimosoides (Mimosa-like)r R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 177, Prod. 380, L’rot. Nov. 25 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 462. A tree, quite glabrous, but the foliage glaucous. Leaves undivided, lanceolate, falcate, 6 to lOin. long, varying from under Jin. to above lin. in breadth, obtuse or with a callous point, tapering into a short petiole, flat, with several, sometimes many longitudinal veins or nerves, and very oblique almost longitudinal veinlets visible on both sides, bat not very prominent. Flowers small, pinkish-white, in slender glabrous racemes of 3 or 4in., shortly pedunculate, and usually several in a terminal leafless panicle. Pedicels J to lin. long. Perianth glabrous, the tube narrow, about 2 lines long, revolute under the globular limb. Torus small. Disk semi- annular, scarcely prominent or very obscure. Ovary glabrous, on a long stipes ; style long, with a short nearly straight stigmatic cone or conical disk. Fruit broad, very oblique, somewhat compressed, fully lin. long. Seed wing narrow, •coriaceous.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 385. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. 22. 43-. Slilliana (after Walter Hill), F. v. M. in Trans. Phil. Inst. Viet. ii. 72; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 463. A large tree, the young branches minutely- tomentose. Leaves petiolate, either entire obovate-oblong or elliptical, very obtuse, tapering at the base and 6 to 8in. long, or still longer and deeply divided at the end into 2 or 3 diverging lobes, or deeply pinnatifid with 5 to 7 oblong or lanceolate lobes of several inches, the whole leaf then sometimes above 1ft. long, glabrous above penniveined and reticulate with the primary veins confluent in an intennarginal nerve, more or less silvery-silky underneath. Flowers small and very numerous in dense cylindrical racemes of 4 to 8in., on short axillary shoots accompanied often by 1 or 2 smaller racemes. Pedicels about 1 line long, minutely pubescent as well as the rhachis. Perianth minutely silky outside, glabrous or scarcely pubescent inside, the tube slender, about 3 lines long, revolute under the globular limb. Torus straight. Gland semiannular, not very prominent. Ovary glabrous, stipitate ; style long and slender, the stigmatic disk lateral. Fruit slightly compressed, nearly lin. long. Seed rather narrowly winged all round. Hab.: Brisbane River ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Logan and Albert Rivers, Hill. Wood dark-brown, close-grained, and prettily marked. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 338. 23. Gr. pinnatifida (pinnately cleft), Papers on Ql. pi. i. 6, and 2nd Suppl. Syn. Ql. FI. 52 ; Bail. A very handsome erect tree of medium size, the smaller branches angular and velvety, with rusty brown hairs. Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatifid, those of the barren shoots and young plants often exceeding 18in. in length, divided nearly to the midrib into from 2 to 4 pairs of opposite, long, narrow-linear, attenuated, somewhat approximate lobes about lin. broad, with or without a terminal odd lobe, the base decurrent oil the petiole ; the upper surface of a greyish-green, the under-surface bright rusty-brown, prominently reticulate, the lateral oblique primary veins joining in an intramarginal one some distance from the edge of the leaf. The leaves near the inflorescence simple and lanceolate, about 6in. long. Inflorescence silky-white in a terminal panicle of raceme-like branches 3 to 5in. long, bearing pedicellate flowers, scattered solitary or in clusters of 2 or more. Bracts linear, 2 or 3 lines long, very deciduous. Perianth silky, glabrous inside, about 3 or 4 lines long, the segments very narrow, the limb globose ; ovary stipitate, glabrous ; style filiform ; stigmatic disk lateral and somewhat dilated ; hypogynous gland broad. Fruit an oblong coriaceous follicle, pendulous on the rhachis, about 7 lines long and 4 lines broad, slightly compressed, bearing the straight persistent style. Seeds 2, bordered all round by a membranous wing. — Kermadecia pinnatifida, Bail., Ql. Woods, No. 332a. Colonial and Indian Exhibition. Hab.: Johnstone River. — T. L. Bancroft. Wood of a pinkish colour, close in grain, and very prettily marked ; useful to coopers and •cabinet-makers. — Bailey's Gat. Ql. J Foods, No. 332a. 1311 CXI. PROTEACEzE. [G revillea 21. G. gibbosa (swollen), B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 177, Prod. 380; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 463. A small or large tree sometimes reduced to a tall shrub, the branches and foliage softly tomentose-pubescent with very short hairs silky on the young shoots and persisting on both sides of the adult leaves. Leaves entire, ovate ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptical, obtuse or almost acute, tapering into a short petiole, 3 to 4 or rarely 5in. long, penniveined with rather numerous oblique primary veins confluent in an intermarginal nerve. Flowers small, in dense spike-like racemes of 3 to Gin., shortly pedunculate and usually 3 together at the ends of the branches. Pedicels 1 to 1^ line long, pubescent as well as the rhacliis. Perianth sprinkled or clothed with appressed hairs outside,, glabrous inside, the tube slender, about 2 lines long, revolute under the globular limb. Torus small. Gland very prominent, semi-cupular, truncate or 2-lobed. Ovary glabrous, shortly stipitate ; style long, filiform, the stigmatic cone straight or nearly so. Fruit obliquely globular, 1 to liin. diameter, opening in 2 very hard thick hemispherical valves, enclosing 1 or 2 flat broadly winged seeds.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 385 ; G. glanca, Knight, Prot. 121. Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, IP. Hill; Cape York, M'Gillivraj, Daemel ; Albany Island, F. v. Mueller, IV. Hill ; Suttor, Cape, and Burdekin Rivers, Leichhardt, F. v. Mueller, Bowman, and others. Wood dark-brown, prettily marked, close-grained and hard ; of a greasy nature which prevents it shining when polished. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 339. 25. G. leiophylla (leaves smooth), F. v. M. ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 471- Stems slender, branching erect procumbent or from a thick rhizome, often scarcely above 1ft. high, the whole plant except the inflorescence glabrous or sprinkled with a few rare appressed hairs. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, mucronate- acute, shortly contracted at the base, 1 to near 2in. long, with recurved or revolute margins or quite flat, green on both sides, veinless except the prominent midrib. Flowers small, in short dense somewhat secund racemes, sessile or- pedunculate at the ends of the branches or in the upper axils. Pedicels 1 to 2:. lines long. Perianth bearded inside above the middle. Hab.: Glasshouse Ranges, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller ; coastal localities in the south. 13. HAKE A, Schrad. (After Baron Hake.) (Conchium, Sin.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth irregular or rarely regular, the tube revolute or curved under the limb or rarely straight, the limb globular or rarely ovoid,, often oblique, the laminae often cohering long after the tube has opened. Anthers, all perfect, sessile in the base of the concave laminae, the connective not produced beyond the cells. Ilypognous glands united in a single semiannular or semi- circular rarely disk-shaped gland occupying the upper side of the torus, in some- species very small. Ovary stipitate but usually very shortly so, with 2 amphi- tropous ovules laterally attached about the middle ; style either long and protrud- ing from the slit of the perianth before the summit is set free from the limb as- in °Grevillea, or not exceeding the perianth, more or less dilated at the end into a*, straight or oblique or lateral cone or disk, bearing the small stigma in the centre of the disk or at the summit of the cone. Fruit a hard usually woody capsule- opening in 2 valves. Seeds 2, compressed and collateral, the testa produced at the upper end into a broad membranous wing usually longer than the nucleus and more or less decurrent down the upper or both margins and sometimes com- pletely surrounding the nucleus, the nucleus itself flat and smooth on the inner face (next the other seed), convex on the outer face and usually rugose or muricate, the protuberances fitting into corresponding cavities in the valve each seed with its wing sometimes covering the whole inner surface of the valve* Hake a.] CXI. PROTEACEiE. 134-5 ■ more frequently placed near the upper margin and covering about half only or rather more, the remainder of the valve a hard woody mass. — Shrubs or rarely small trees. Leaves alternate, very diversified in shape, flat or terete, the- margins rarely recurved, and the two surfaces usually similar and equally veined. Flowers in pairs along the rhachis of a short and dense raceme or cluster or rarely in a longer raceme ; the clusters or racemes sessile in the axils or rarely also terminal or in a very few species all terminal. Indumentum as in Grevillea, consisting of closely appressed hairs attached by the centre, rarely of erect or spreading hairs. The genus is limited to Australia. The determination of the species of Hakea generally requires the presence both of flowers and fruit. Species, especially amongst the terete-leaved ones, with scarcely distinguishable flowers* and leaves, have sometimes very different fruits, whilst closely similar fruits have occasionally very different flowers and leaves. I have found the flowers chiefly available for sectional, the fruits for specific distinction. The dorsal protuberances on the fruit-valves of some species usually called spurs, appear to me to be more appropriately termed horns, as they occur always close to the apex not to the base of the valve. — Benth. Sect. 1. G-revilleoides.— Flowers in oblong or cylindrical or rarely short racemes, with- out any involucre. Perianth much revolute. Stigmatic disk oblique or lateral, flat or broadly conical. Tropical or subtropical species. Leaves terete, usually very long. Racemes as well as the whole plant quite glabrous 1. H. cliordophylla. Racemes pubescent or villous. Leaves mostly above 1ft. long. Eacemes 3 to 6in. long. Perianth- tube 4 to 5 lines. Torus scarcely oblique 2. II. lorea. Leaves terete, pungent-pointed, smooth, usually under 6in. long, simple or once or twice forked. Flowers racemose or in racemose-panicles. Perianth-tube hairy outside 3. H. Ivoryi. Leaves flat, linear, usually long. Seed-wing not at all or scarcely decurrent along the nucleus. Eacemes 3 to 6in. long. Perianth villous, 5 to 6 lines long . . . , 4. H. macrocarpa. Eacemes under Jin. long, pedunculate. Perianth silky, under 2 lines 5. H. arborescens. Leaves thin-filiform, 7in. long. Peduncles about Jin. long, bearing a dense corymb of small flowers 6. H. Persiehana. Leaves flat, 3-nerved, oblong or lanceolate. Racemes glabrous, about 2in. long. Perianth 3 lines 7 . H. trineura. Sect. 2. Euhakea. — Racemes usually short or reducad to sessile clusters, enclosed hefore their development in an involucre or bud of imbricate scales. Perianth revolute, at least under the limb. Stigmatic disk oblique or lateral, flat or slightly convex, uitlioxit any cone. Series 1. Pubiflorae. — Perianth pubescent. Torus straight or rarely oblique, the gland thick or semiannular. Leaves entire, toothed or divided. Leaves 3 to 5in. long. Perianth silky. Fruit lin. long, Jin. broad. Fruit-beak straight or obsolete 8. H. eriantlia. Fruit narrow, with an obliquely transverse crestlike rugose promin- ence below the beak 9. H. pugioniformis. Fruit ovoid, nearly smooth, with a broad smooth dark line down each suture 10. FT. vittata. Series 2. G-labriflorce. — Perianth glabrous. Torus straight or slighlty oblique, the gland, semiannular or none. Leaves spathulate-oblong. Umbels axillary, peduncles slender. Flowers small. Style exceeding perianth. Fruit lanceolate-ovate, apex nearly straight 11. H. pcdunculata. Leaves lanceolate, obtuse, entire 12. FT. saligna. Leaves divided. Fruit scarcely horned. Seed-wing decurrent all round the nucleus 13. FT. purpurea - Style not twice as long as the perianth. Pedicels pubescent or hirsute, perianth alone glabrous. Branches densely villous. Fruit as broad as long, with a short incurved beak. 14. H. gibbosa. Pedicels glabrous as well as the flower. Flowers in short racemes, the peduncle and rhachis J to Jin. long . 15 H. leucoptera. Flowers in sessile clusters. Leaves some terete and some flat. Fruit Jin. long, Jin. broad. Seed-wing not decurrent 16. H. microcarpa. 1346 CXI. PROTEACEiE. [Hakca. Sect. 3. Conogynoides. — Racemes usually short or reduced to sessile clusters , rarely ■ elongated, enclosed before their development in an involucre or bud of imbricate scales. Perianth glabrous, revolute under the limb. Stigmatic cone erect or scarcely oblique. Series 1. Nervosse. — Leaves lanceolate or linear, prominently 3 or more-nerved ( rarely 2 or 1 -nerved when very narrow), smooth between the nerves. Seed-wing decurrent on one side of the nucleus. Leaves 4 to 6iu. long, fa'cate, 5 to 9-nerved. Perianth 2 lines long . . 17. H. plurinervia. Leaves usually lanceolate, obtuse or acute, not pungent, usually 3- nerved. Perianth 1 line long. Pedicels silky-pubescent . . . .18 . H. dactyloides. 1. 22. chordophylla (leaves chord-like), F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 23 ; Bcnth. FI. Austr. v. 495. A tree perfectly glabrous and more or less glaucous. Leaves terete, smooth, mostly from J to 1ft. long. Racemes from the old wood, loosely cylindrical, 3 to 4in. long, quite glabrous. Pedicels about Jin. long. Perianth glabrous, the tube 4 to 5 lines long, much dilated and oblique at the base, revolute under the limb. Torus very oblique. Gland large, horseshoe-shaped. Ovary stipitate ; style long ; stigmatic disk broad, oblique, not convex. Fruit obliquely lanceolate, about ljin. long and Jin. broad near the base, tapering into a short slightly incurved beak. Seed- wing not decurrent along the nucleus. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 699. Hab.: Recorded for Queensland by F. v. 21. 2. 21, lorea (thong-like), E. Br. Prot. Nov. 25 ; Bcnth FI. Austr. v. 496. A tall shrub or tree attaining 20ft. Leaves terete, smooth, often above 2ft. long and rarely under 1ft., very rarely (on barren branches ? or young plants ?) a few once or even twice forked or trifid. Racemes cylindrical, in the upper axils, sometimes forked or in a terminal cluster, rather dense, from under 3in. to fully 6in. long, the rhachis pedicels and perianths densely pubescent with short hairs, somewhat appressed. Perianth-tube nearly 4 lines long, slightly dilated below the middle, revolute upwards. Torus somewhat oblique. Gland large, horse- shoe-shaped. Ovary stipitate ; style long, with a very oblique, broadly conical stigmatic disk. Fruit ljin. long, ovate, somewhat flattened, and tbout •Jin. broad the flat way. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 394 ; F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 189 ; Grevillea lorea, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 177, Prod. 380. Hab.: Sboalwater Bay, R. Brown; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Rockhampton, Thozct; Cape River and Nerkool Creek, Bowman; Dyngie, 2Iiss Ross ; also in Leichhardt’s collection. The leaves are often infested with the blight fungus Asterina Baileyi. — Berk. a;id Br. 3. 12, Ivoryi (after W. A. L. Ivory), Bail. A tree attaining the height of 30 to 40ft., with a thick corky bark, branchlets often dark and more or less clothed with short appressed hairs. Leaves terete, pungent pointed, smooth, very slender, usually under 6in. long, simple or once or twice forked, often crowded on the branchlets. Inflorescence silky-hairy, in simple racemes or paniculate with irregular raceme-like branches, some 3in. long, dense, peduncle short, on which the hairs sometimes forms strigose tufts. Pedicels hairy, 3 lines long. Perianth-tube hairy outside, 3 lines long, greenish-wliite (perhaps when fresh yellowish-white), slightly enlarging towards the pedicel, revolute under the globular limb. Gland purple, prominent, narrow-horseshoe-shaped. Ovary stipitate, glabrous or slightly hoary. Style glabrous ; stigmatic disk conical in the centre. Fruit nearly straight, ljin. long, Jin. broad, shortly tapering to the stipes and from above the middle upwards ; dorsal protuberances small. Seed-wing not decurrent along the nucleus. Hab.: Bingara, J. F. Bailey, 1896, flower specimens only ; Charlotte Plains, IP. A. L. Ivory, flower and fruit specimens, 1901. 4. 22. macrocarpa (fruit long), A. Cunn. in E. Br. Prot. Nov. 30; Benth. Fl. Austr. v. 498. A tree of 15 to 20ft. of robust growth with a rugged bark. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 6 to 8in. long, 2 to 5 lines broad, mostly obtuse, Pi. l/x. FC. Witte. HaTtuuz Ivori/Lf 33 azZs. Qov'T Office, B^iso/He- Ilakea.] CXI. PROTEACEflS. 1347' tapering at the base, thick, minutely silky pubescent on both sides, the veins longitudinal, slightly anastomosing, scarcely prominent. Racemes loosely cylindrical, 3 to 6in. long, tomentose-pubescent as in H. lorea. Pedicels 2 to -5 lines long. Perianth-tube about 5 lines, oblique, dilated below the middle, revolute upwards. Torus oblique. Gland large, semicircular. Ovary shortly stipitate, style rather thick, not long; stigmatic disk oblique, broadly conical. Fruit ovate-lanceolate, 14- to lfin. long, 7 to 8 lines broad. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 411 ; F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 191 ; Grevillea Alphonsiana, F. v. M. in Hook. Kew Journ. ix. 22; Meissn. l.c. 699. Hab.: Recorded by Queensland by F. v. M. 5. H. arborescens (tree-like), Pi. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 187, Prod. 386 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 497. A tall shrub or small tree, the young shoots silky. Leaves linear linear-lanceolate or sometimes rather broader and slightly falcate, obtuse or acuminate, contracted at the base, longitudinally but obscurely several veined, minutely silky-pubescent on both sides, 3 to 6in. long. Flowers small, in short dense almost globular racemes or clusters on lateral peduncles of J to Jin., often on the old wood. Pedicels filiform, 1 to 2 lines long. Perianth silky pubescent, the tube slender, scarcely 1| line long, revolute under the limb. Torus straight. Gland semiannular, not very prominent. Ovary shortly stipitate. Stigmatic disk nearly straight with a short broad cone. Fruit nearly straight, 14- to neaidy 2in. long, lin. broad, very shortly beaked. Seed-wing decurrent along the upper margin of the nucleus to the base. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 410. Hab.: Islands of tlie Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Drown, Henne ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Mount Elliott, Fitzalan. 6. H. Persiehana (after W. Persieh), F. v. 31. , Austr. Journ. of Pharmacy, Nov. 1886. A small tree with slender branchlets, clothed with an appressed down. Leaves thinly filiform, attaining 7in. in length, glabrescent, not shining or furrowed, the apex pointed but the point easily wearing off. Peduncles about Jin. long bearing dense corymbs of small flowers, the rhachis velvety; bracts minute, very deciduous ; segments of perianths about 2 or 3 lines long, silky outside ; pedicels about the length of perianth. Style almost glabrous ; stigma hemispheric-conical, much broader than the summit of the style, peltate and quite terminal ; hypogynous gland unilateral, adnate ; ovary glabrous, nearly sessile; fruit lin. long, Jin. broad, lanceolate-ellipsoid, almost dimidiate-oblique, smooth, shortly attenuated at the base, gradually narrowed into the acute apex. Seed-wing not decurrent along the nucleus. — From F. v. M.’s description in l.c. Hab.: Endeavour River. 7. £1. trineura (3-nerved), F. v. 31. Fragm. iii. 146 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 497. A tree?, the branches and foliage very minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaves oblong-cuneate or lanceolate, obtuse, contracted into a short petiole, 3 to Sin. long, rather thick, triplinerved and very obliquely almost longitudinally veined, the margins nerve-like, not recurved, the veins equally conspicuous on both sides.. Racemes axillary, about 2in. long. Pedicels J to lin. long. Perianth glabrous as well as the whole inflorescence, the tube fully 3 lines long, revolute under the globular limb. Torus straight. Gland thick, semicircular. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style long ; stigmatic disk oblique, broad, conical in the centre. Fruit ljin. long, fin. thick, smooth, slightly incurved scarcely beaked. Seed- wings shortly decurrent on the upper margin of the nucleus. — Grevillea trineura, F. v. M. l.c. Hab.: Broadsound, Bowman ; Rockhampton, Thozet. 8. H. eriantha (flower woolly), Pi. Br. Prot. Nov. 29 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 502. A tall shrub or small tree, the young shoots silky-pubescent, the adult foliage glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, acute or with a callous point,. 1318 CXI. PROTEACEjE. [Halcca. tapering into a short petiole, veinless except the scarcely prominent midrib, of a pale colour like those of H. saligna but rather thicker, 3 to 5in. long. Flowers in axillary clusters, not very numerous. Pedicels silky-villous, 1 to 2 lines long. Perianth silky, the tube about 3 lines long, reflexed under the almost acute limb. 'Torus small. Gland prominent, semiannular. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style not very long, with a large lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit about lin. long and under Jin. broad, slightly incurved, rather smooth, with a short incurved or straight beak, very obscure when the fruit is quite ripe. Seed-wing very shortly decurrent on the upper side only of the nucleus.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 417. Hab.: Near Wallangarra. 9. H. pugioniformis (dagger-form), Cav. Ann. Hist. Nat. i. 213, t. 11, Ic. vi. 24, t. 533 ; Bent/i. FI. Austr. v. 506. A shrub usually of 2 to '4ft., but some- times twice as tall, the branches and foliage glabrous or very minutely silky- pubescent. Leaves terete, smooth, rigid with a short pungent point, from under lin. to near 2in. long. Flowers few, in axillary sessile clusters. Pedicels 1 to 2 lines long, pubescent as well as the perianth with appressed or spreading hairs. Perianth -tube slender, 2 to 3 lines long, reflexed under the ovoid limb. Torus small. Gland prominent, semiannular or semicupular. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style long, with a nearly straight convex or very broadly conical disk. Fruit, lanceolate, acuminate, about lin. long and Jin. broad, rugose outside about the middle with an obliquely transverse prominent crest. Seed-wing scarcely decur- rent on the upper side of the nucleus. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 178, Prod. 381 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 398 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 324 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 353; Reichb. Ic. et Descr. PI. t. 23. — Conchium pugioni forme, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 122 ; Conchium longifolium, Sm. l.c. 121 ; Lambertia terctifolia , Gfertn. f. Fr. iii. t. 217 ; Banksia teretifolia, Salisb. Prod. 51 ; Ilakea glabra, Scbrad. Sert. Hann. 27, t. 17 ; H. glauca and H. parilis, Knight, Trot. 106. Hab.: In southern localities. 10. H, vittata (striped longitudinally), E. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 182, Prod. 383 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 507. Young shoots minutely ferruginous or hoary, the adult foliage glabrous. Leaves terete, slender, rigid, finely almost pungent-pointed, not attenuate at the base, 1J to 3in. long. Flowers not seen except some loose remains which appear to have been like those of H. Pampli- niana, the perianth silky-pubescent, the torus small, the style rather long with an orbicular lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit ovoid, nearly -fin. long, fully 4 lines broad, spotted or slightly verrucose, scarcely beaked, marked with a broad smooth dark line down each suture, the valves with a short dorsal horn near the end. Seed-wing decurrent along the upper margin only of the nucleus. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 401. Hab.: Curriwillinghie, Barton. 11. !H. pedunculata (pedunculate), F. v. M., Melb. Chem. and Drugg., July 1883. Leaves soon glabrous, spathulate-oblong, with a conspicuous petiole ; veins faint. Umbels axillary on slender peduncles, slightly silky. Flowers small on pedicels the length of the flowers or longer. Style somewhat longer than the perianth ; stigma lateral, hypogynous gland minute. Fruit lanceolate- ovate, nearly smooth, the pointed apex nearly straight. Seed-wing acute and but slightly decurrent along the nucleus. Hab.: Endeavour River. Wood d irk-brown, close in the grain, nicely marked, and hard. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, -ATo. 34 U. 12. H, saligna (willow-like), Knight, Prot. 108 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 512. A tall bushy shrub, quite glabrous or the young shoots slightly silky. Leaves usually lanceolate, obtuse or with a short callous point, tapering into a short IHakea.] CXI. PROTEACEiE. 1849 petiole, 3 to Gin. long, but sometimes oblong-elliptical and 2 to 4in. long, of a pale colour, veinless or obscurely and obliquely penniveined. Flowers small, in dense axillary clusters, the very short rkachis hirsute. Pedicels glabrous, filiform, about 3 lines long. Perianth glabrous, the tube scarcely 2 lines long, much revolute under the globular limb. Torus small. Gland small. Ovary nearly sessile; style long, with a large lateral convex stigmatic disk. Fruit about lin. long, ^ to Jin. broad, with a short incurved beak, more or less rugose and sometimes covered with large very prominent tubercles. Seed-wing shortly decurrent along the upper margin of the nucleus. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 185 ; Prod. 385 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 416 ; Sweet, FI. Austral, t. 27 ; Embothrium saligrmm, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 215 ; Concilium salignum , Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 124 ; Embothrium salicifolium , Vent. Jard. Cels, t 8 ; ■Concilium salicifolium, Gaertn. f. Fr. iii. 217 ; Hakea mimosoides, A. Cunn. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 416; H . Jiorulenta, Meissn. in Hook. Kew. Journ. vii. 116, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 416. Hab.: Araucaria Ranges, Leichhardt; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, JO v. Mueller ; Wallangarra and Stanthorpe. 13. £1. purpurea (purple), Hook, in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 348; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 513. A hard rigid bushy shrub of several ft., glabrous except a few silky hairs on the very young shoots. Leaves terete, smooth, once or twice bifid or trifid, rigid and pungent-pointed, the whole leaf usually 1^ to 2in. long, the devided portion about as long as the simple base. Flowers crimson, in sessile or shortly pedunculate axillary umbels. Pedicels glabrous, filiform, 3 or 4 lines long. Perianth glabrous, the tube about 5 lines long, dilated below the middle, open early along the under side, attenuate and revolute under the limb. Torus straight, rather broad. Gland scarcely prominent. Ovary shortly stipitate; style long, with an oblique almost lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit 1J to 14in. long, Jin. broad, nearly straight, scarcely beaked. Seed-wing very broad, decurrent down both margins and round the base of the nucleus. — Meissn. in Linntea xxvi. 358, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 404 ; Grevillea trisecta, F. v. M. First Gen. Rep. 17 (name only). Hab.: Warrego River , Mitchell; and other inland localities. 14. EC. gibbosa (swmllen), Car. Anal. Hist. Nat. i. 215 ; Ic. vi. 21, t. 534 ; Bcnth. FI. Austr. v. 513. A shrub of several ft., the branches and young leaves hirsute with spreading hairs, the older foliage sometimes glabrous. Leaves terete, entire, smooth, rigid, pungent-pointed, 1 to 3in. long. Flowers an sessile axillary clusters. Pedicels short, densely villous. Perianth glabrous, the tube about 3 lines long, revolute under the globular limb. Ovary contracted into a very short stipes ; style not long, with an oblique stigmatic disk. Fruit ovoid-globular, oblique, about lin. diameter, rugose, with a very short thick obtuse oblique or incurved beak, the valves with small dorsal horns near the end. Seed-wing narrowly decurrent down both margins of the nucleus. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 181, Prod. 382 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 401 ; Banksia gibbosa, Sm. in White Voy. 224, t. 22, f. 2 ; Concilium gibbosum, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 119; Concilium splicer oideum, Sm. l.c. 120; Concilium cornutum, Gfertn. f. Fr. iii. 216, t. 219; Hakea pubescens, Schrad. Sert. Hannov. 27; Concilium, pubescens, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 141 ; H. pinifolia, Salisb. Prod. 51 ; H. lanigera, Ten. FI. Nap. i. 22, t. 6. Hab.: Moreton Island, J. F. Shirley ; Fraser Island, Hon. Miss Lovell. 15. H. leucoptera (light-coloured wing), B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 180, Prod. 382 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 515. A shrub with rather slender virgate branches, minutely hoary-pubescent. Leaves terete, smooth, mucronate with fine straight rigid points, more or less attenuate at the base, 14 to 3in. long. 1350 CXI. PROTEACE^E. \Hakea.. Flowers small, in short racemes or clusters pedunculate in the axils or rarely terminating short leafy branches, the peduucle and rhachis minutely silky- pubescent, 4 to fin. long. Pedicels glabrous, 2 to 2f lines long. Perianth glabrous, the tube about 2f lines long, slightly dilated below the middle, revolute under the limb. Torus slightly oblique. Gland semiannular. Ovary stipitate ; style not long, with a very oblique almost lateral stigmatic disk. Fruit about lin. long, A to fin. broad, often somewhat verrucose, with a short conical beak, the valves without any or with scarcely prominent dorsal protuberances at the end. Seed-wing usually more or less decurrent along the upper margin only of the nucleus. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 396 ; F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 219 (but not all the synonyms adduced) ; H. leucocephala, Dietr. Syn. PI. i. 531 (by a mis- print) ; H. virgata, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 26 ; Meissn. in D.C. Prod. xiv. 395 ; H. tephrospenna , R. Br. l.c. ; Meissn. l.c. 402; H. longicuspis. Hook, in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 397 ; Meissn. l.c. 395 ; H. stricta, F. v. M. ; Meissn. in Linnsea xxvi. 360 and l.c. 400. Hab.: Armadilla, Barton. A common inland species. 16. U. microearpa (fruit small), E. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 182,. Prod. 383; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 516. A shrub varying from 2 or 3ft. to twice that height, quite glabrous or with a very minute pubescence on the young branches and foliage. Leaves mostly terete and smooth, slender or thick, from lin. in some specimens to 4in. long in others, but sometimes the lower ones or in other specimens nearly or quite all more or less compressed or channelled above, or quite flat and linear-lanceolate with the midrib and margins prominent underneath. Flowers in axillary clusters. Perianth glabrous as well as the pedicels, the tube usually about 2 lines long but variable in size, revolute under the limb. Torus straight. Gland semiannular. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style not long, with a broad, somewhat oblique stigmatic disk. Fruit A to nearly fin. long, about fin. broad, oblique, smooth or slightly rugose, the valves with short dorsal horns near the end sometimes reduced to small protuberances or almost obsolete. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 400 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasrn. i. 324 ; Bot. Reg. t. 475 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 219; H.patula, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 27; Meissn. l.c. 401 ; H. bifrons, Meissn. l.c. 400. Hab.: Towards Wallangarra. 17. H, plurinervia (nerves numerous), L. r. M. Herb.; Eentli. FI. Austr. v. 523. A shrub of 6 or 7ft., the young branches loosely tomentose. Leaves lanceolate, falcate, obtuse and often oblique at the end, with a small callous point, tapering into a very short petiole or almost sessile, 4 to 6in. long and f to fin. broad, with about 7 longitudinal nerves prominent on both sides. Flowers small and numerous in axillary clusters, the villous rhachis rarely above 1 line long. Pedicels glabrous, 2 or 3 lines long. Perianth glabrous, the tube scarcely above 2 lines long, slender, revolute under the ovoid-globular limb. Torus small, oblique. Gland scarcely prominent. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style not long, with an erect stigmatic cone. Fruit above lin. long and nearly fin. broad, more or less falcate, with an incurved conical beak. Seeu-wing narrowly but unequally decurrent along both sides of the nucleus. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; and other northern localities. 18. H. dactyloides (finger-like), Car. Anal. Hist. Xat. i. 215 t. 12 ; Ir. vi. 25, t. 535 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 524. A tall shrub with erect branches, the young shoots usually silky, the adult foliage rarely retaining more or less of pubescence, usually quite glabrous. Leaves from linear-lanceolate to oblong- lanceolate, acute or scarcely obtuse, tapering into a short petiole, falcate oblique or straight, 2 to 4in. long, rigid, prominently triplinerved, smooth between the nerves or rarely in the broader leaves a few irregular veins forming almost Hnkca .] CXI. PROTEACEiE. 1351 1 or 2 additional longitudinal nerves. Flowers very small and numerous in axillary clusters or short racemes, the villous rhachis 1 to H line long. Pedicels silky-hairy, 1 to If line long. Perianth glabrous, the tube about 1 line long, revolute under the globular limb. Torus small, nearly straight. Gland small. Ovary shortly stipitate ; style short, with an erect stigmatic cone. Fruit f to lin. long, f to fin. thick, smooth or slightly rugose, with a very small straight beak. Seed-wing narrowly decurrent along the upper margin only of the nucleus. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 186, Prod. 385 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv. 415 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3760; Banksia dactyloides, Gsertn. Fr. i. 221, t. 47 ; Concilium dactyloides, Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 110 ; Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ix. 123; Banksia oleifolia, Salisb. Prod. 51; Concilium nervosum, Sm. in W illd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 141 ; Hakert nervosa , Knight, Prot. 108 ; H. ferruginea, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1501 ? not of Sw\ Hab : Towards Wallangarra. 14. CARNARVONIA, F. v. M. (After the Earl of Carnarvon.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, nearly cylindrical in the bud, the segments free or nearly so. recurved in the upper portion, without distinct laminae. Anthers all perfect, linear, sessile below the middle of the perianth, the connective produced beyond the cells. No hypogynous glands. Ovary sessile or nearly so, tapering into an erect style with a small terminal stigma; ovules 2, laterally attached below the middle to a short funicle. Fruit a hard incurved follicle. Seeds compressed, produced at the upper end into a long wing. — A tree with compound leaves. Flowers small, in axillary simple or compound irregular racemes. The genus is limited to a sinale species, endemic in Australia, with the flowers nearly of I’ersoonia, but with the fruit of Hnkea. It is also closely allied in character to Orites, but with a very different haOit and inflorescence. — Benth. 1. C. araliaefolia (Aralia-leaved), F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 81, t. 55, 56; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 410. Red Oak, “ Niah,” Evelyn Scrub, J. F. Bailey. A small or moderately-sized tree, the young leaves slightly pubescent underneath, the inflorescence usually pubescent, the older leaves glabrous. Leaves compound, with 3 to 5 petiolulate leaflets digitate at the extremity of the petiole, or 1 to 3 of the leaflets replaced by pinnae, each with 2 or 3 petiolulate leaflets not digitate, the leaflets from broadly obovate and very obtuse to illiptical oblong or lanceolate and acute, entire or remotely toothed, tapering at the base, 3 to 5in. long, the whole leaf from 6 or 8in. to twice that length. Racemes very irregular, simple or more frequently compound, much shorter than the leaves with small deciduous trifoliolate bracts under the branches, and a narrow entire one under each flower, or under a cluster of 3 to 6 flowers terminating the peduncle or branches. Pedi- cels softly hirsute, 2 to 3 lines long, glabrous and twice as long when in fruit. Perianth about 2 lines long, densely hirsute with soft hairs. Ovary glabrous. Follicle much incurved, acuminate, lfin. long. Wing of the seed twice as long as the seed itself, the raphe much within the margin. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy ; Herberton District, J. F. Bailey. Wood of a red colour, firm, fiue-grained, useful for cabinetmakers and coopers’ work. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, Ko. 342. 15. BUCKINGHAM I A, F. v. M. (After the Duke of Buckingham.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth irregular, the tube slender, revolute under the globular limb. Anthers all perfect, sessile in the base of the concave aminae, the connective not produced beyond the cells. Hypogynous glands PiBT IV. X 1352 CXI. PROTEA CE /EL [ Bucldn/jhamia. united in a single semiannular truncate and crenulate gland. Ovary shortly stipitate, with 4 collateral amphitropous ovules attached about the middle; style filiform, with an oblique almost lateral disk at the end, with the small stigma in its centre. Fruit a compressed follicle, opening along the upper suture. Seeds 4, sometimes 1 or 2, abortive, very Hat and thin, surrounded by a narrow wing- like margin. — Tree. Leaves on the old trees undivided, deeply 3 or more lobed on young plants, penniveined. Flowers small, pedicellate in pairs in terminal racemes. Bracts none or very deciduous. Tlie perms is limited to a single species endemic in tropical Australia and closely allied to the Grevilletc of the section Cycloytera, differing only in the number of ovules and seeds. — Benth. 1. B. celsissima (very lofty), F. v. M. Fragm. vi. 248; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 532. A tree attaining 60ft. or more, the young branches and inflorescence minutely hoary-tomentose. Leaves petiolate, elliptical-oblong, acute or obtuse, tapering at the base, 3, 5 or more in. long, dark green and apparently glabrous above but sprinkled with minute hairs only visible under the lens, glaucous or almost silvery underneath, covered with the same grevillioid hairs. Racemes 4 to Bin. long, somewhat secund, the flowers crowded nearly from the base. Pedicels slender, about Jin. long. Perianth silvery, 3 to 4 lines long. Anthers broad, with a thick rather broad connective. Ovary glabrous. Follicle broadly and obliquely ovate, about lin. long, with a short incurved point. Seeds broadly obovate. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallacliy ; and other notthern localities. 16. DARLINGIA, F. v. M. (After Sir Ralph Darling). Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular, the tube slender, straight, the limb globular, erect. Anthers all perfect, sessile in the base of the concave laminae, the connective produced beyond the cell into a minute gland-like appendage. Hypogynous glands 4, globular. Ovary sessile, with 4 collateral amphitropous ovules attached about the middle ; style filiform, with an ovoid fusiform end and a small terminal stigma. Fruit a compressed follicle, opening along the upper suture. Seeds very flat and thin, surrounded by a wing-like margin. — Tree. Leaves entire or pinnatifid, penniveined. Flowers sessile in pairs in terminal paniculate racemes. Bracts none or minute and deciduous. The genus is limited to a single species endemic in tropical Australia. Like Buckinghamia it is closely allied to Grevilleu, differing only in the number of ovules and seeds, and distinguished from Buckinghamia. like the sections Anudenia and Mnnglesia from Eugrevillea, chiefly in the straight perianth. The sessile flowers and minute appendages to the anther remove it also in a slight degree from both genera. — Benth. 1. 15. spectatissima (very notable), F. v. M. Fragm. v. 152; Benth. FI Austr. v. 533. “Clialagar,” Barron River, F. Bailey. A tree, quite glabrous or the inflorescence minutely ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves oblong or oblan- ceolate, obtuse or acute, entire or deeply 3-lobed or pinnatifid with 5 to 7 long lanceolate acute lobes, tapering into a rather long petiole, the whole leaf B or Bin. to lift, long, penniveined with rather numerous almost parallel primary veins. Racemes in the upper axils 4 to Bin. long, forming a terminal panicle shorter than the leaves, with numerous flowers. Perianth glabrous, -Jin. long, the tube slender, the laminae tipped with small dorsal obtuse appendages, distinct in the hud. Ovary villous ; style long. Follicle 1 1, to nearly 2in. long, nearly lin. broad, recurved. Seeds oblong, as long as the follicle. — Helicia DarUngiana F. v. M. Fragm. v. 24 ; K night ia Darlinyii, F. v. M. l.c. 152. Hab.: Rockingham Bay. DaUachy ; Barron River, J. F. Bailey. Wood tougb, nicely marked, and should prove useful timber for cooper and cabinet work. — J. V. Bailey, Report on Timber of Ilerberton District, Sept., 1899. Pl.LX. fjiuAi/u/ftonusi celsissim^Fvlif. Govt Puifj-rifrfq Office. Brisbane, ££f//otf^ Lrfh £C Mils CXI. PROTEACEvE. 1353 17. MUSGRAVEA, F. v. M. (After Sir Anthony Musgrave, G.C.M.G., a Governor of Queensland). Flowers small, in spike-like racemes, nearly straight before expansion. Perianth-segments separately seceding. Stamens inserted near the summit of the segments. Free portion of filaments very short. Anthers apiculate. Hypogynous glands usually 3, somewhat distant from each other, upwards gradually pointed. Style capillary. Stigma terminal, conical-ovate. Ovary sessile ; ovules 2, laterally attached, their base free. Fruit comparatively large, dimidiate-orbicularly ellipsoid ; exocarp hard, anteriorly dehiscent. 1. IYT. stenostachya (spikes slender), F. v. M., Linn. .Sor. of N.H.W., March 26, 1890. A tree known to attain 50ft. in height, and perhaps getting •even higher. Leaves of very firm consistence, scattered or crowded, on stalks of moderate length or short, from 2 to 4in. long, obovate-elliptical when entire, the lobed ones 1 to lift, long, above glabrous, beneath greyish or brownish from a very thin vestiture ; primary-lateral venules pennular-spreading ; ultimate venules closely reticular-joined, rather prominent beneath. Racemes numerous in the upper axils very slender, many-flowered, from 2 to 8in. long, or forming terminal panicles. Flowers about Jin. long, in pairs on very short stalks, but unprovided with stalklets ; each pair from the summit of the stalk supported by 3 long persistent very short bracts. Perianth-segments outside beset with appressed greyish hairs. Style about ’in. long, glabrous towards the summit. Stigma minute. Ovary bearing a brownish close vestiture. Fruit 1)- to 2in. long, much attenuated into the base ; exocarp thick, almost lignescent and at last flatly expanding. Seeds oblong. Hab.: On Mount Bellenden Ker, W. Sayer (P. v. M.) ; on the Johnstone Piiver, Dr. Th. L. Bancroft. Wood of a light-brown colour, nicely marked, light and firm ; a useful wood for both cooper and cabinetmaker. Does not shrink or warp much in drying. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. H'oods, Do. 344. 18. HOLLANDS A, F. v. M. (Name after Sir Henry Holland, Bart., one time Secretary of State for the Colonies). Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments regular at first, coherent into a straight tube, soon disconnected. Stamens inserted on the lamime. Anthers almost sessile, broadly linear bluntly apiculated by prolongation of the connec- tive ; pollen-grains roundish, tetrahedral, smooth. Style straight, capillary. Stigma ellipsoid clavate, terminal. Hypogynous glands 4, roundish, somewhat connate. Ovary sessile, conical-ellipsoid ; ovules many, 2-seriate, placed horiz- ontally. Fruit large, bursting anteriorly into 2 hard, widely expanded, dorsally connate valves. Seeds several, placed in 2 rows against each other horizontally, comparatively very large, flatly compressed, except the terminal and basal seed ; all others either dimidiate or truncate ; orbicular, very thick, the inner margin often triangular and overlapping. Testa membranous and partly chartaceons, not expanding into any appendage. Albumen none. Cotyledons whitish, hard- fleshy, thick, more or less unequal, flat on one side, angular on the other, dorsally broad and abruptly rounded, anteriorly narrow-edged. Radicle minute, enclosed within the cotyledons, near the point of the attachment of the seed. An endemic tropical tree, with rather large leaves, scattered or sometimes opposite ; racemes pendulous, much elongated, lateral, and perhaps aho terminal. Bracts minute. Flowers in pairs on semi-connate pedicels ; perianth- segments quite straight before expansion. Fruit ovate-ellipsoid ; exocarp dry, transversely impressed inside. Racemes pendulous, lateral or axillary 1. II. Sayeri. Racemes erect near the ends of the branchlets ‘2. II. Lamingtoniana 1351 CXI. PROTEACE.E. [Holland cea. 1. H. Sayeri (after W. Sayer), F. v. 31. in 3Ielb. Chem. and Druyy. Few Ser. ii. ITS. Tree about 40ft. high, bark smooth ashy-grey. Leaves scattered, shortly stalked, roundish, ovate, remotely toothed, 9in. long, 6iu. broad, dark- green, somewhat acute at the base, firmly chartaceous, the lateral nerves rather distant, anastomosing towards the margin, the meshes of primary veins ample. Racemes pendulous, sometimes a foot long, lateral, short-stalked, rbachis glabrous. Bracts minute, narrow, acute. Pedicels very short, semi-connate in pairs, slightly silky. Perianth-segments about fin. long, very narrow, except the laminae which is rather broad. Anthers oblong-linear, conspicuously apicu- lated by the broad connective. Style hardly longer than the perianth-segments, capillary. Stigma short, clavate-ellipsoid. Ovary glabrous ; bypogynous glands roundish, somewhat connate. Fruit 2A to Gin. long, the transverse ridges inside the valves only slightly prominent, through marking of the respective spaces occupied by each of the seeds. Seeds fully lin. long and fin. broad, and about -|in. thick ; testa brown, smooth. The fruit somewhat resembles that of Cardwellia sublimis. — Indicia Sayeri, F. v. M. in Viet. Nat., Nov, 188G. Hab.: Bussell River and base of Mount Bellenden Ker, 11'. Sayer (F. v. M.) ; Harvey’s Creek, Bail., Bellenden Ker Fxped , IBS'.) ; Russell River. 2. H. Lamingtonianii (after His Excellency Lord Lamington), Bail. A handsome tree of medium size ; the branchlets, petioles, leaf-nerves, and inflorescence more or less densely clothed with short bright ferruginous hairs. Leaves roundish-ovate, cuneate at the base, 4 to Gin. long, 2A to 3|in. broad, the margins with distant small glandular teeth, the upper surface dark glossy- green, veins and veinlets hairy on the underside ; primary nerves rather distant, prominent. Racemes axillary towards the ends of the branchlets, erect, rather stout, 2| to 4in. long on short petioles ; bracts minute, flowers dense, the pedicels more or less connate, about 2 lines long. Perianth 8 to 9 lines long, straight, the segments much curled back after expansion. Anthers linear, apiculate, light-coloured like the inside of the segments. Style capillary, nearly as long as the segments ; stigma linear. Ovary silky ; bypogynous scales free, oblong, membranous, light-coloured, and hairy. No fruit to hand. Hab : Evelyn, J. F. Bailey. Wood tough, with the pretty marking of the Order. 19. CARDWELLIA, F. v. M. (After Edward Cardwell.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth somewhat irregular, the tube open along the lower side, tapering at the top and recurved under the obliquely globular limb. Anthers ovate, sessile in the concave laminae. Hypogynous glands 4. Ovary contracted into a short stipes ; style elongated, dilated at the top into a lateral disk stigmatic in the centre; ovules several, laterally attached near the top and imbricate downwards in 2 rows. Fruit thick and woody, opening at length into a broad follicle. Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate. Seeds very fiat, oblong, surrounded by a wing-like margin. — Tree. Flowers in terminal racemes, in pairs, with the very short pedicels united. Bracts not seen. The genus is limited to a single species endemic in Australia. 1. C. sublimis (lofty), F. v. 31. Fraym. v. 24, 3S, 73 and 152; Benth. FI. Auxtr. v. 538. “Gold Spangled wood,” in the North; “ Silky Oak,” “ Oon- gaary,” Tally River, J. F. Bailey. A large tree, the young branches and inflorescence minutely hoary-tomentose, the adult foliage glabrous. Leaves above 1ft. long ; leaflets 4 to 10, opposite or alternate, all on rather long petiolules, ovate or oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, veined, green above, pale glaucous or fulvous underneath, 3 to Sin. long. Racemes several in a terminal panicle, Cardivellia.] CXI. PROTEACEiE. 1355 sometimes shorter sometimes longer than the leaves. Pedicels exceedingly short. Perianth hoary-tomentose, the tube about fin. long. Hypogynous glands globular. Ovules 12 to 16. Fruit oblong, 3in. Jong, lfin. broad. Seed about Sin. long, fin. broad. Hab.: Mountains about Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Barron River, J. F. Bailey. Wood of a light colour, prettily marked ; suitable for cabinet-work, wine-casks, and coopers’ work; stands well in drying. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. J Foods, No. 345. 20. STENOCARPUS, R. Br. (Narrow fruit.) (Agnostus, A. Cunn.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth slightly irregular, the tube opening along 'the lower side, the limb nearly globular and recurved, the segments at length separating. Anthers broad, sessile within the concave laminae, the connective not produced beyond the cells. Hypogynous glands united in a short semiannular disk or cup or almost obsolete. Ovary stipitate, tapering into a long style dilated at the top into a flat oblique disk, stigmatic in the centre ; ovules several, laterally attached at or near the top, imbricate downwards in 2 rows. Fruit a follicle, usually narrow, coriaceous ; seeds produced at the lower end into a membranous wing. — Trees. Leaves alternate or scattered, entire or deeply pinnatifid with few lobes. Peduncles terminal or in the upper axils, sometimes several in an umbel or short raceme, each bearing an umbel of pedicellate red or yellow flowers. Bracts none or falling off at a very early age. The genus extends to New Caledonia, the Australian species are however all endemic. Leaves 6in. to 1ft. long. Perianths a^ove lin. long, the pedicels radiating in a single row round the disk-like end of the peduncle 1. S. sinuatus. Leaves under bin. Perianth ^in. long or less, the pedicels irregularly crowded on the summit of the peduncle. Ovary usually pubescent 2. H. salignus. 1. S. sinuatus (sinuate), Endl. Gen. PI. Suppl. iv. 88; Benth. FI, Amtr. v. 539. Tulip-flower,” “ White Silky Oak,” of Barron River. A tree some- times described as small and slender, sometimes said to attain 60 to 100ft., glabrous or the inflorescence minutely tomentose. Leaves petiolate, either undivided oblong-lanceolate and 6 to 8in. long, or pinnatifid and above 1ft. long, with 1 to 4 oblong lobes on each side, mostly obtuse, quite glabrous but reddish underneath, penniveined and minutely reticulate. Peduncles terminal, either 2 or more together in a general umbel, or several at some distance forming a short broad raceme, each peduncle 2 to lin. long, and bearing an umbel of 12 to 20 bright red flowers, the pedicels about fin. long, radiating in a single row round the disk-like dilated summit of the peduncle. Perianth tube lin. long or rather more, straight, tapering upwards, the limb recurved, globular, about 2 lines diameter. Ovary densely pubescent, on a glabrous stipes, with a rather thick glabrous style. Ovules 12 to 14. Fruit about 4in. long, narrowing towards each end, containing numerous closely packed winged seeds. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 451; Agnostus sinuatus, A. Cunn. in Loud. Hort. Brit. 580; Steno. carpus Cunningham ii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4263 (copied into FI. des. Serres. iii. 189, t. 7) not of R. Br. ; Paxt. Mag. xiv. i. with a fig. Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, T V. Hill; Araucaria Ranges, Leichhardt; Queensland woods, London Exhibition, 1862, IF. Hill, n. 17; Barron River, •/. F. Bailey. Wood of a light colour, close in grain, tough and firm ; suitable for cabinet-work or any work in which English Beech is employed. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 346. 2. S. salignus (willow-like), E. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 202, Prod. 391 ; Benth. FI. Amtr. v. 539. “ Silky Oak,” of some. A moderate-sized tree, glabrous or the inflorescence minutely pubescent. Leaves in the typical form ovate-lanceo- late or elliptical, acute acuminate or rarely obtuse, tapering into a short petiole. 135G CXI. PROTEACErE. [Stenocarpus- 2 to 4in. Ion", varying from penniveined to triplinerved (the lower primary veins scarcely longer or much longer and thicker than the others), but the veins usually indistinct slightly prominent or almost immersed, a few leaves on young trees or barren branches larger and pinnatifid. Peduncles slender, terminal or in the upper axils, usually shorter than the leaves, bearing a single umbel of 10 to 20 flowers or in luxuriant specimens as many as 30 flowers. Pedicels J to Mn. long, irregularly crowded on the summit of the peduncles. Perianth usually under l,in. long. Ovary slightly silky-pubescent or nearly glabrous. Ovules G to 8, not so closely imbricate nor so narrow and compressed as in 5. shiuatus. Fruit narrow, several inches long, closely packed with winged seeds. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. 451 ; Bot. Reg. t. 441 ; Hakea riibriccnilis, Colla, Hort. Ripul. App. i. 114, t. 3; Fmbothriwm rubricaule, Giord. Obs. 1837 (Meissn.); Stenocarpu&. acacioides, F. v. M. Fragm. i. 135. Hab. : Ranges in southern localities. Var. Moorei. Leaves broader and usually more distinctly tripli or quintuplinerved, the ovary minutely pubescent. — .S’. Moorei, F. v. Muell. Fragm. i. 134, v. 154. — Rockingham Bay, Dallaclnj ; Mount Lindsay, T(\ Hill. Wood of a red colour, hard, close-grained, and nicely marked ; useful for the finer kinds of coopers’ work and cabinet. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 347. Var. concolor. Leaves more prominently tripli or rarely quintuplinerved, the reticulations also more distinct. Flowers rather larger. Ovary glabrous or nearly so — S. concolor, F. v. Muell. Fragm. iii. 147, v. 1-54.— Broadsound and near Maryborough, E. Bowman. 21. LOMATIA, R. Br. (From loma, a border, Seeds winged.) (Tricondylus, Salisb.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth irregular, the tube oblique, open along the lower side, tapering at the top, the limb ovoid-globular, recurved, the lamime long cohering. Anthers ovate, sessile in the concave lamina?. Hypogy- nous glands 3, broad and truncate, the fourth upper one deficient. Ovary on a long stipes, tapering into a long style dilated at the top into a flat oblique disk stigmatic in the centre ; ovules several, laterally attached below the middle, amphitropous, imbricate upwards in 2 rows. Follicle coriaceous, opening almost flat. Seeds imbricate upwards, with a broad terminal nearly straight wing, surrounded by the marginal raphe. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, entire,, toothed or pinnately divided, very variable on the same individual. Flowers pedicellate in pairs, in terminal or axillary simple or slightly branched racemes. Bracts under each pair usually small narrow and very deciduous or often entirely wanting. Perianths white or pale yellow, sometimes assuming at length a reddish tint. The genus is also represented in the mountains of extratropical South America, but the Australian species appear to be all endemic. The structure and proportions of the parts of the flower and fruit are remarkably uniform in the Australian species, leaving little for their distinction besides the foliage which is eminently variable. The thin fragile pellicle or powdery sub-tance interposed between tire seeds in this genus and in Telopca, appears to be an. epidermal production of the sepd itself, but its real nature can scarcely be ascertained without, observing it in a fresh state both before and after the maturity of the seed. — Benth. Leaves pinnate with ovate petiolulate segments 1- L. fraxim folia. Leaves undivided or once or twice pinnate, with sessile or decurrent segments usually reticulate and toothed. Leaves mostly undivided, ovate to lanceolate, acutely toothed, rarely pinnate 2. T,. ilicifolia. Leaves mostly once or twice pinnate . . 3. L. silaifolia. 1. L. fraxinifolia (Ash-leaved), F. r. M. Herb, : Benth. FI. Austr. v. 533. A tall shrub or small tree, the branches and foliage glabrous and drying black, the inflorescence slightly ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves mostly pinnate ; Lnmatia.] CXI. rROTEACE-'E. 1357 segments 3 to 7, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely-toothed, con- tracted into a distinct petiolule, 2 to 3 or rarely 4in. long, coriaceous and shining above, the veins not very conspicuous ; occasionally the lower leaves are undivided, or on luxuriant shoots one or two of the segments are again divided. Racemes G to Sin. long, solitary or several in a broad terminal panicle. Pedicels 3 or 4 lines long. Perianth glabrous, 4 to 5 lines long, the limb ovoid. Fruit only seen young. Hub.: Kockiogham Bay, Dallachy. 2. L. ilicifolia (holly-leaved), H. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 200, Prod. 390, Prot. Nor. 33; Benth. FI. Auxtr. v. 536. An erect branching shrub of several ft., growing out sometimes into a small tree, 60ft. high according to F. r. M. Fra/jm. vii. 133, ’quite glabrous or the young shoots and inflorescence more or less ferruginous-pubescent. Leaves petiolate, ovate oblong or lanceolate, irregularly prickly-toothed or lobed, varying from 2 or 3in. in some specimens, to twice that size in others, glabrous above end more or less reticulate, closely and shortly silky-pubescent underneath ; the upper leaves often small and distant, and on barren shoots tlie leaves sometimes pinnate with numerous small sessile or decurrent lanceolate toothed segments. Racemes long and loose, simple or slightly branched. Pedicels J to Ain. long. Perianth glabrous or pubescent with small appressed hairs, the tube 3 to 3A lines long. Fruit 1 to Hin. long. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 447; Bot. Mag. t. 4023; Kmbothrium ilici folium, Poir. Diet. Suppl. ii. 551 ; L. Fraseri, R. Br. Prot. Nov. 34; Meissn. l.c. Hab.: From Mount Lindsay, JF. Hill : inland along the N. S. Wales border. The Queensland specimens are generally more ferruginou-pubescent than the southern ones; some of them have the leaves all small and nearly ovate. 3. L. silaifolia (Silaus-leaved), R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Sue. x. 199, Prod. 389, Prot. Nov. 33; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 537. A shrub of 2 or 3ft., glabrous or the young shoots and inflorescence minutely pubescent. Leaves mostly twice or thrice pinnate, rarely simply pinnate ; segments sessile and decurrent, linear or lanceolate, usually deeply and sharply toothed, narrow or broad, long or short, the whole leaf usually 4 to bin. long and broad, or the lower ones larger, the reticulations obscure or prominent. Racemes terminal, long and loose, simple or branched, the flowers larger than in the preceding species. Pedicels J to Ain., perianth white, 7 to 8 lines long. — Fruit about lin. long, flatly expanding with the style persistent, the stipes about 5 lines long. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 448; Bot. Mag. t. 1272; Embothriiun xilai- folinm, Sin. Specim. Bot. Nov. Holl. 23, t. 8; F. herbnccuni, Cav. Ic. iv. 58; t. 384; F. crithmifolium , Sin. (Steud) ; TricomUjlus silaifolius, Knight. Prot. 122. Hab.: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller. Common in southern localities. Yar. induta. F. v. Muell. Leaves silky-pubescent underneath, passing into the cut-leaved forms of L. ilicifolia. — Brisbane lliver, Moreton Bay, Leichhardt , F. v. Mueller 22. EMBOTHRIUM, Font. (From en, in, and bothrion, a little pit ; referring to the pollen-cases or anthers.) Flowers hermaphrodite, slightly irregular. Perianth-tube cylindrical at first then splitting, limb ovoid or globose, oblique or recurved, segments loose in the expanded flower. Anthers sessile in the concave lamina?, ovate, connective not produced over the cells. Hypogynous disk unilateral, semiannular, fleshy, entire or obscurely 2 or 3 lobed. Ovary long stipitate, narrow. Style-point oblong-fusiform or oblique-subdisciform ; stigma small terminal or in the centre 1358 CXI. PROTEACEzE. [Embothrium. of the disk. Ovules numerous, ascending, imbricate in 2-series. Follicles stipitate, oblong, coriaceous, subwoody. Seeds 2 seriate, imbricate, piano- compressed, samaroid wing terminal oblong. 1. 3EL Wickhami (after J. C. Wickham), E. v. 31. F ragm. viii. 161 and ix. 194. “• Red Silky Oak.” A tall tree. Leaves ovate, oblong, thick coriaceous 2 to Gin. long, f to ljin. broad, entire, veins immersed, brown on the underside. Petioles about lin. long. Flowers in corymbs at the end of the branchlets or in the upper axils ; peduncle short. Pedicels geminate, 1 to lfin. long ; bracts linear-Mibulate 1 to 1^ line long, deciduous. Perianth about lin. long, deep red, tube split on one side, slightly curved, limb before expanding oblique- globose, about 11 line long, lobes, more or less coherent. Anthers sessile, round- ovate, blunt opening widely, § line long. llypogynous .disk long, horsesboe- shaped. Stipes of ovary about 8 lines long. Style about 9 lines long. Ovules 8 to 10 biseriate. Fruit cylindrical, 8 to lin. long, the terminal wing of seed broad and truncate at the end. — Ql. Agri. Journ. v. PI. 14, 111. Hab : Bellenden Ker Range, W. Hill (F. v. M.) ; Barron River, J. F. Bailey. 28. BAN KSIA, Linn. f. (After Sir Joseph Banks.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth regular or nearly so, straight or curved, the slender tube opening equally or along the lower-side only, the limb ovoid oblong or linear, the laminae remaining long coherent, or rarely separating as the tube op.'ns. Anthers narrow, sessile in the concave laminae, the connective thick, usually very shortly produced beyond the cells. llypogynous scales 4, very thin and membranous (rarely deficient?). Ovary very small and sessile, style usually longer than the perianth, rigid, curved and protruding from the slit in the perianth-tube until the end is set free by the separation of the laminae, and then either straightened or remaining hooked or curved, rarely straight from the first and not exceeding the perianth ; the stigmatic end on a level with the anthers, of a different texture but smooth, or striate and furrowed, continuous with the style or with a prominent rim at the base, the real stigma small and terminal; ovules 2, collaterally attached about the middle. Fruit a compressed capsule, opening at the broad end (or rather outer margin, for the scar of the style is lateral) in two hard often woody horizontal valves. Seeds usually 2, compressed, with a terminal membranous wing broad and rounded like the valves, the seeds separated by a plate of the same shape (the consolidated outer integuments of the inner side of the two seeds) free from the ripe seeds, simple) completely consolidated) between the nuclei, double (remaining distinct) between the wings.- — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely verticillate or nearly so, usually narrow, entire toothed pinnatifid or pinnate, with numerous (rarely few) short teeth lobes or segments, the primary veins numerous and transverse, rarely inconspicuous or irregular and the minute reticulations numer- ous on the under surface, with a minute tomentum rarely wanting in the arcole, and sometimes white and covering the whole under surface, the upper surface almost always glabrous and smooth. Flowers sessile in pairs, in dense terminal cylindrical oblong or globular spikes, either terminal and sessile above the last leaves or rarely lateral or on short lateral branches ; each pair of flowers sub- tended by one bract and two lateral rather smaller bracteoles, both bracts and bracteoles densely woolly-villous on the sides, the tips glabrous tomentose or villous, either clavate and obtuse or truncate, or shortly acuminate, always densely imbricate in parallel spiral or rarely vertical lines. Perianth-tube very slender and entire within the bracts, ultimately splitting beyond them. In fruit the bracts and bracteoles become consolidated with the rhachis into a thick woody cone, either covered with the withered remains of the perianths amongst which Bank si a.] CX1I. PROTEACE.E. 1359 the capsules are entirely concealed, or, where the flowers are wholly deciduous, the valves of the capsules protrude more or less beyond the bracts, the lower indehiscent portion containing the nuclei of the seeds remaining imbedded among the bracts. The proportion of perfect capsules is usually very small in relation to the number of flowers, of which there are often from 500 to above 1000 in the same spike. The genus is endemic in Australia, and the greater number of species are Western. Sect. I . Oncostylis. — Leaves linear or rarely lanceolate , with revolute margins or nearly flat but very ivhite underneath , entire denticulate or pinnate with small numerous regular segments. Style remaining hooked after the perianth-limb has opened, the stigmatic end very small. Perianth-tube more than half as long as the style, silky as well as the limb. Leaves (about £in.) very narrow with closely revolute entire margins . . 1. B. ericifolia. Leaves (1^ to bin.) linear, more open, showing the white under surface, denticulate to the base or rarely eutire 2. B. collina. Sect. 2. Eubanksia. — Leaves linear-lanceolate, oblong or cuneate, with recurved or rerolue, eutire or dentate margins, white underneath. Style at first curved, straight and very spreading or reflexed after the perianth-limb has opened, the stigmatic end small, not striate. Leaves (mostly 3 to Gin.) entire or rare’y toothed, with transverse primary veins underneath, usually but not much more prominent than the reticulations and white like them 3. B. integrifolia. Leaves (mostly 4 to Sin.) broad, coarsely toothed, the transverse primary veins prominent underneath and not so white as the reticulations . . . 4. B. dentata. (II- latifolia has nearly the style and flowers of Kubanksia, but flat leaves not white under- neath.) Sect. 3. Ol’thostylis. T. cares flat or undulate, serrate, pinnatifid or pinnate, with short lobes or segments. Perianth usually straight. Style, after the perianth-iimb has opened, curved upwards near the base, then straight and erect, the stigmatic end prominently angled and furrowed or striate. Leaves 2 to Sin. broad, 4 to Sin. long, irregularly toothed. Style-end of Kubanksia 5. B. latifolia. Leaves 3 to 6in. long, £ to lin. broad, regularly serrate. Style-end ovoid, very short 6. B. cemula. 1. 3$. ericifolia (leaves heath-like). Linn. f. Suppl. 127 ; Benth. VI. Austr. v. 547. A tall shrub or small tree of 12 to 14ft., glabrous except the inflorescence. Leaves crowded, narrow-linear, truncate or notched at the end and sometimes with an intermediate point, otherwise entire with closely revolute margins, rarely exceeding ^in. Spikes cylindrical, 6 to lOin. long. Bracts with broad shortly acuminate silky-pubescent tips. Perianth yellow, silky, the tube fin. long, the limb ovoid. Style about lin. long, hooked, with a very short thick stigmatic end. Fruiting cones long and cylindrical. Capsules scarcely pro- truding, villous but often becoming glabrous, the flat top f to lin. broad and 4 or lines thick. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 203, Prod. 391 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 453 ; Cav. Ic. vi. t. 538 ; Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 156 ; Bot. Mag. t. 738 ; Bail!. Hist. PI. ii. 393, f. 227 to 229. Ilab.: llecorded for Queensland by F. v. 31., without locality. 2. B. collina (growing oil hills), B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 201, Prod. 3b2 ; Benth. VI. Austr. v. 548. A tall erect shrub standing 8 to 12ft., the young branches tomentose or villous. Leaves linear, always showing the white under surface, the margins only slightly recurved, more or less denticulate or rarely quite entire, 14 to Sin. long. Spikes oblong or cylindrical, 3 to Sin. long. Bracts with broad flat or scarcely acuminate ends. Perianths silky, the tube above lin. long, the limb narrow ovoid. Style yellow or in one form the upper half deep-purple ; longer than the perianth, hooked, with a very small stigmatic end. Fruiting cone cylindrical. Capsules thick and scarcely protruding, quite glabrous. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 454 ; B. ledifolid, A. Cunn. Herb. ; B. Cunniiuj'iamii, Sieb. in Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 47, and in 1360 CXI. PROTEACEiE. [Banksia.. Roem. and Schult. Syst. iii. Mant. 289 : R. P>r. Prot. Nov. 35; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 454 ; Reich. Iconogr. Exot. t. 81 ; B. littoralis, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1363, Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 3060, not or R. Br. ; B. prionophylla, F. v. M. 1st Gen. Rep. 17 ; B. maryinata var. macrostachya, Hort. Petrop. Hab.: Glasshouses, Moreton Bay, C. Moore ; and many other southern coast localities. The typical form of D. spinnlosa, Sm„ so far as at present known, is confined to X. S. Wales,, while B. collinti, K. Br.. besides Queensland, is met with in N. S. Wales and Victoria, but from the examinations of Queensland specimens of B. cullimi and the X. S. Wales one of B. spinnlosa. I find nothing to keep the two as distinct species. When the leaves aie small and rather broad, they are somewhat like those of B. marginata. but the species is readily distinguished by the large flowers, hooked style and thick capsules. — Benth. B. B. integrifolia (leaves often entire), I.inn. F. Suppl. 127; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 554. Honeysuckle. “ Pomera,” and “ Tchoomeroo,” Stradbroke Island, Watkins. “ Burtkargong,” Bundaberg, Key*. A tree attaining sometimes a considerable size, the young branches closely tomentose. Leaves scattered,, sometimes irregularly verticillate, oblong cuneate or lanceolate, quite entire or irregularly toothed, tapering into a short petiole, 3 to 4in. long in some specimens, twice that length in others, especially the northern ones, A to near lin. broad, white underneath, with numerous transverse veins and reticulations not very prominent ; the young shoots are also sometimes tomentose or villous with richly coloured fulvous almost woolly hairs persisting on the under side till the leaves are nearly full grown. Spikes oblong or cylindrical, 3 to 6in. long. Bracts tomentose at the end. Perianth usually about lin. long, silky. Style straightening after the perianth-lamina; have separated and usually very spreading or refiexed. Fruiting cone oblong, cylindrical, the capsules prominent. — R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 206, Prod. 393: Meissn. in D.C. Prod. xiv. 456;. Cav. Ic. vi. t. 546; Bot. Mag. t. 2770; B. spirata, Gaertn. Fr. i. 221, t. 48; B. olei folia, Cav. Anal. Hist. Rat. i. 228, t. 14, Ic. vi. 30. t. 515; B. macrophylla. Link. Enum. Hort. Berol.i. 116; B. nonpar, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 207, ProJ. 393 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 457. Hab.: Keppel Bay. 1!. Brou n, O'Shanesy ; Brisbane lliver, Moieton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. v. Mueller and others; Condamine lliver, Leichhardt; Mount Archer, Bowman; ltock- hampton and llockingham Bay. Dallachy,— The greater number of the-e northern specimens have remarkably long leaves, sometimes 8 to lOin. long and Jin. wide, and constitute the B. com par, Br. They have also usually rather larger flowers, but neither character is at all constant, and 11. Brown had himself referred his specimens to B. integrifolia. — Benth. Wood pinkish, close in the grain and nicely marked; used for shoemakers’ lasts, cabinet- work, and in boatbuilding. — Bailey's Cat. Q/. H oods, So. 348. Var. paludosa. Perianth 7 to 8 lines long, leaves of one of the common short-leaved form4 5 of B. integrifolia.- B paludosa, It. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 207 ; Prod. 384 ; Meissn* in UC. Prod, x v. 457 ; Bot. lleg. t. 687 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 392. — Port Jackson, B. Brown. Sieber, n. 5. Distributed a'so from the Botanical Garden, St. Petersburg, as B. integrifolia. 4. B. dentata (toothed), Linn. F. Suppl. 127; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 555. A small tree of 15 to 20ft. Leaves shortly petiolate, cuneate-oblong, 4 to 8in. long, 1 to 2in. broad, irregularly toothed, the margins slightly recurved, white underneath with the primary transverse veins more prominent than in B. inteyri folia and not so white. Spikes oblong or cylindrical, usually larger than in />’. intryri folia hut the flowers in all other respects as well as the fruits entirely those of B. inteyti folia. Styles about Him long, becoming straight, with a small narrow stigmatic end. — R. Br. in i.'rans Linn. Soc. x. 210, Trod. 396; Meissn. in DC. Trod. xiv. 462; F. v. M. Fragm. vii. 57. Hab.: Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, ll. Brown ; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander,. A. Cunningham. Wood of a dark-red colour, hard, close-grained and prettily marked. — Bailey's Cat. Ql. Woods-, No. 349. JBanksia,.] CXI. PROTEACErE. 13G1 5. 33. latifolia (broad-leaved), B. Br. in Trans. lAnn. Soc. x. 208, Prod. 894 ; Bentli. FI. Austr. v. 555. “ Bumbar,” Stradbroke Island, Watkins. A low but stout shrub, the branches densely tomentose. Leaves shortly petiolate, obovate-oblong, often truncate, irregularly serrate with short usually prickly teetb, contracted at the base, 4 to 8in. long, 14 to Bin. broad, flat, minutely tomentose but not white underneath, with prominent transverse veins and reticulations. Spikes oblong-cylindrical, 8 to 5in. long. Perianth slender, about lin. long, the tube shortly silky-pubescent, the limb glabrous, narrow, acute, scarcely 2 lines long. Style becoming straight and spreading as in F ubanksia, with a very small stigmatic end. Fruiting cones large and thick; capsules villous, not thick, protruding, about G or 7 lines diameter. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 480; Bot. Mag. t. 2406; B. rtdmr, Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. i. 226, Ic. vi. 29, t. 543 ; B. uncigera and B. dillenice folia, Knight, Prot. 112, 113; B. fagifolia, Hoffmsg. ; Roem. and Schult. Svst. iii. Mant. 379 (Meissn.). Hab.: Coastal marshes of the south. 6. 33. semula (rivalling), B. Br. in Trans. Linn. Sor. x. 210, Prod. 895 ; Benth. FI. Austr. v. 556. “ Mintie,” Stradbroke Island, Watkins. “Wallum,” Wide Bay, Palmer. A shrub or tree closely allied to B. sonata and difficult to distinguish from it except by the stigmatic end of the style which is very much shorter and ovoid. The flowers are also of a yellowish green without the bluish grey tinge of B. serrata. The spikes are usually not so thick, the foliage precisely the same. Capsules at least as large as in B. serrata, the tomentum easily wearing off. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. viv. 461 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2671 ; Bot. Rep. t. 688 ; B. serrata, Cav. Ic. vi. 27, t. 540, not of Linn. f. ; B. serratifolia, Salisb. Prod. 51 or B. serrafolia, Knight, Prot. 112 (B. Br.) ; B. elatior, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 209, Prod. 395 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 458 ; B. undulata, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1316. Hab.: Sandy Cape, It. Broun ; Stradbroke Island, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham. Wood deep-red, coarse-grained, prettily marked, shrinks unequally in drying; an excellent . wood for the cabinetmaker. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods, No. 351. Honey of the flowers gathered and eaten by the natives of Wide Bay. — Palmer. Order CXII. THYMEL^EACEiE. Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely dioecious. Perianth simple, tubular or campanulate, 4-lobed or in genera not Australian 5-lobed, usually regular, the lobes imbricate in the bud, with the addition in many genera not Australian of small scales, alternating with the lobes at their base. Stamens either 2 only, or as many as the lobes of the perianth or twice as many ; filaments inserted in the throat or within the tube ; anthers with 2 parallel cells opening longi- tudinally. Ovary free within the base of the perianth, 1 or rarely 2-celled, with 1 or rarely 2 or 8 pendulous anatropous ovules. Style simple, with a terminal entire capitate or truncate stigma. Fruit an indehiscent nut drupe or berry, or rarely a 2-valved capsule. Seed with or without albumen ; embryo straight, with a superior radicle. — Leaves alternate or opposite, always simple and entire. Flowers in terminal or axillary clusters heads umbels racemes or spikes, rarely solitary often surrounded by an involucre of 4 or more bracts, differing more or less from the stem-leaves. A considerable Order, widely distributed over most parts of the globe. Stamens 2. Perianth- lobes 4 1. Piiielea. Stamens twice as many as the perianth-lobes. Shrubs or small trees. Ovary 1-celled, with 1 ovule. Hypogynous scales 4, free or united in pairs 2. Wikstromia. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Hypogynous scales united in a short cup ‘ 3. Phaleria. 1362 oxii. thymel^eaceie. 1. PIMELEA, Banks and Solaud. (From pimele, fat ; alluding to the oily seeds.) (Thecanthes, Wikstr. ; Gymnococca, Fisch. et Meyer ; Heteroluena and Calyptrostegia, C. A. Mey ; Macrostegia, Turcz ) Perianth tubular, with a spreading or rarely erect 4-lobed limb, without scales but often slightly thickened or folded round the throat. Stamens 2, inserted in the throat opposite the 2 outer perianth-lobes. No hypogynous scales. Ovary 1-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule. Style elongated, attached to one side of the ovary immediately below the apex. Fruit a small drupe, with a membranous or succulent epicarp, the endocarp nut-like, crustaceous, often hooked at the top. Seed pendulous with a membranous testa; albumen scanty or copious; cotyledons broad or narrow, rather thick, longer than the radicle. — Shrubs undershrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite or alternate. Inflorescence varied within the limits of the Order, but never umbellate. Perianth white pink or yellowish, often silky-villous. The genus is limited to Australasia. Several species of this genus have been considered poisonous to stock. Sect. 1. Thecanthes. — Involucral bracts united into a 4 -lobed cup. Perianth-tube glabrous, not circumsciss. — Glabrous annuals. Involucral lobes reaching to about the middle, with the midrib alone prominent. Filaments much shorter than the perianth-lobes. Flowers red I P. cornucopia. Involucral lobes reaching nearly to the base, several-nerved and longer than the flowers. Filaments much shorter than the perianth-lobes. Flowers red 2. P. sanguinea. Sect. 2. Calyptrostegia. — Flotcers hermaphrodite or in some specimens female by abortion. Perianth-tube after dowering ( except in P. leptostachya) circumsciss above the ovary, leaving the lower portion only persistent round the fruit. Anthers with a narrow connective, the cells very distinct and after they open placed back to back. Svbsect. 1. Calyptridium. — Flower-heads terminal, with 4-G broad persistent involucral bracts. — Shrubs, with opposite leaves. Leaves more or less concave, glabrous as icell as the stem. Cotyledons usually broad. Ferianth nearly glabrous at the base, hairy upwards. Hairs of the receptacle very long 3. P. glauca. Perianth hairy throughout. Hairs of the receptacle short. Leaves mostly oblong, obtuse. Bracts scarcely acuminate. Leaves with 1 or 2 prominent marginal or submarginal veins underneath. Flower- heads erect. Involucral bracts with a prominent midrib 4. P. collina. Glabrous silky-hairy or tomentose. Leaves Jlat or with the margins more or less recurved. Cotyledons usually broad. Branches and leaves glabrous. Leaves narrow, under lin. long 5. P. linifolia. Leaves oblong or broad, above lin. long 0. P. lingustrina. Soissect 2. Choristaehys. — Flowers in clusters spikes or racemes, without involucres, or the bracts not broader than the leaves and very deciduous. Leaves jlat or with slightly recurved margins. — Eastern or tropical species. Leaves opposite. Flowers large, red, in a terminal dense spike . ... 7. P. hwmatostachya. Leaves mostly alternate, silky-villous. Leaves rather broad, l^-3in. long. Flowers shortly spicate. Perianth 3-4 lines long 8. P. latifolia. Leaves linear. Perianth not 2 lines long. Fruiting spike shortly capitate 9. P. simplex. Fruiting spike long and interrupted. Perianth-hairs silky appressed 10. P. sericostachya. Perianth-hairs rigid and spreading 11. P. trichostaehya. Leaves alternate, glabrous or slightly silky. Fruiting spike long and interrupted. Perianth small, not circumsciss 12. P. leptostachya. Pimelea.] CXII. TIIYMELiEACEiE. 1363 Sect. 3. Dithalamia. — l lowers (small) strictly dioecious. Male perianth with a slender tube ; anthers with a narrow connective , the cells very distinct, and after they are open placed back to back ; ovary abortive or rudimentary . Female perianth wholly persistent with small lobes divided to the ovary , or rarely with a short tube and tardily circumscixs. Fruit not at all, or slightly succulent. Leaves opposite, flat, or nearly so. Flower-clusters all axillary. Lateral veins nearly parallel to to the midrib. Male perianth-tube 4 to 5 lines long 13. P. leptospermoides. Flower-clusters terminal, or in the forks. Leaves linear-lanceolate, mostly £ to lin. lorg. Flowers more or less silky hairy 14. 1’. microcephala. Flowers quite glabrous 15. F. paucidora. Erect, shortly dichotomous shrubs. Flowers silky-villous. Leaves mostly obtuse. Female perianth-tube not produced above the ovary 16. F. flara. Sect. 4. Epallag’e.— Flowers hermaphrodite or more or less diwcious. Perianth-tube usually circumsciss after flowering, leaving the loicer portion persistent round the fruit. Anthers rather flat, ivitli a broad dorsal connective, the cells closely parallel on the inner face, the whole- anther usually rolled back after dowering. Flowers in clusters or heads, rarely solitary, or in dense oblong spikes. Flowers strictly diceeious. Leaves alternate, softly silky-villous. Flowers solitary in the upper axils. Female perianth shortly and equally silky-villous 17. F. Bowmanni. Flowers hermaphrodite or in some specimens female. Softly villous plants. Flowers small, bracts 2 or rarely 4, unequal and deciduous. Hairs spreading. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile 18. F penicillaris. Hairs appressed. Leaves mostly oblong, rarely Ain. long 19. F. curviflora. Hairs scarcely spreading. Leaves ovate or oblong, £ to ljin. long. Flowers rather larger 20. F. altior. 1. P. cornucopiae (resembling the Horn of Plenty), T 'aid. F.num. i. 805; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 6. An erect glabrous rather stiff annual of about 1ft. Leaves alternate or the lower ones opposite, sessile or nearly so, lanceolate or oblong-linear, obtuse or nearly acute, mostly f to lAin. long. Flower-heads on a terminal peduncle. Involucre turbinate with a long tapering base, about Ain. diameter, divided to near the middle into broad acute lobes, with the midribs alone conspicuous. Flowers numerous, usually whitish, on short flattened pedicels within the involucre at or near its base. Perianths scarcely protruding beyond the involucral lobes, the slender tube about 2 lines long, circumsciss after flowering shortly above the ovary, the lobes small and obtuse. Filaments very short ; anthers ovate, with a narrow connective. Epicarp membranous. Seed with a scanty albumen and broad cotyledons. — R. Br. Prod. 359; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 496 ; Thecanthes cornucopia, AYikstr. in Trans. R. Acad. Stockh. 1818, 271 ; Calyptrostcyia cornucopia;, Endl. Gen. PI. Suppl. iv. part. 2, 60. Hab.: Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham; Port Curtis, Keppel Bay, Shoalwater Bay, Broadsound. R. Brown; Cape York, Daemel ; Port Denison, Fitzalaii; Burdekin River, Bowman ; Rockhampton and Rockingham Bay, Thozet and others. 2. P. sanguinea (flowers blood-red), F. r. M. Frarpn. i. 84, and vii. 3; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 7. A glabrous annual, at first simple, but soon branching from the base into numerous decumbent or ascending simple or slightly branched stems, seldom exceeding Gin. Leaves more crowded than in the allied species, oblong-linear or lanceolate, obtuse or rather acute, A to f or rarely lin. long. Flower-heads shortly pedunculate or almost sessile above the last leaves. Involucre rather broad, divided nearly to the base into ovate acute lobes of about Ain., the midrib prominent and a few faint lateral veins at the base. Perianths red, much shorter than the involucre, the tube not 2 lines long, the lobes scarcely above A line and obtuse. Stamens shorter than the lobes, with the short anthers of P. cornucopia. Hab.: Upper Roper River, F. v. Mueller; Cape River, Bowman ; Norman and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver. A specimen from alluvial flats, Mount King, Glenelg district, Martin, referred byF. v Mueller* Fragm., vii. 3. to P. sanguinea, with the evidently red flowers of that species, lias the habit and involucres of P. cornucopia ; but it is insufficient to determine absolutely its affinities. I3G4 CXII. THYMEL-EACEiE. [ Pimelca . S. P. glauca (grey), R. Br. Prod. 360; Bent/i. FI. Austr. vi. 15. An erect much-branched shrub, from A to l^ft. high, glabrous except the inflores- cence. Leaves opposite, from ovate to oblong-lanceolate or almost linear, sometimes all under Ain., sometimes f to fin. long, or even longer, flat or concave, with the midrib prominent underneath. Flower-heads globular ; involncral bracts usually 4, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the perianth, sometimes not much, sometimes considerably broader than the stem-leaves, the inner ones ciliate on the margin and more or less silky-hairy inside. Receptacle densely covered with long hairs. Perianth-tube 4 to 5 lines long, circumsciss after flowering considerably above the ovary, the persistent portion rarely glabrous or sprinkled only with hairs, the deciduous portion silky-villous, the lobes about 1A lines long. Filaments usually half the length of the lobes ; anthers oblong, with a narrow connective. Fruit sessile or nearly so within the perianth, the epicarp membranous. Seed not seen perfectly ripe, but the cotyledons appear to be rather broad. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 501 ; Rudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 286, t. 13; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 334; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1611; P. humilis, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1268 not of R. Br. ; P. intermedia , Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1439; Maund, Botanist, v. t. 243; Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv. 501 ; Cali/ptrostef/ia i/lauca and C. intermedia, C. A. Mey. in Bull. Acad. Petrop. iv. (1845) 74; P. campicola, A. Cunn. Herb.; P. linifolia, var.? subtle rrosa, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 498, (at least as to Cunningham’s plant); P. Preissii, Schlecht. in Linnrea, xx. 581, not of Meissn.; P. Schlechtendahliana, Meissn. in Bot. Zeit. 1848, 391, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 500; Cali/fitrostcffia Schlechtcndahliana, Walp. Ann. iii. 324; P. myrtifolia , Schlecht. l.c. 582. Hab.: Plains of the Condatnine, Leichhardt-, Darling Downs, Law ; Dee Diver, Bowman ; Itockhampton, Da line lit/ ; Burnett River, Halt) ; Stanthorpe. This species is sometimes confounded with the P. linifolia, the most ready distinction is in the persistent base of the perianth being nearly glabrous but half concealed by the long hairs of the receptacle. The leaves are also usually concave when dry, but this distinction cannot always be safely relied on. — Benth. 4. IE*, collina (of hills), R. Br. Prod. 359 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 16. An erect shrub, glabrous except the inflorescence, closely resembling P. linifolia, but the leaves are slightly concave with the lateral veins more prominent underneath, running into a marginal nerve when the leaves are narrow, more pinnate when the leaves are broader, the involucral bracts are also usually more rigid and prominently veined. It differs from the narrow leaved forms of /'. ala ut-a, in the involucral bracts being glabrous inside as well as out, the short hairs to the receptacle, and the perianth usually villous from the base. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 497 ; P. marr/inata, Meissn. l.c. ; V. colorans, Mitch. Trop. Austr. 362 not of A. Cunn. ; P. Mitchelli, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 506. Hab.: Port Bowen, B. Brown , Maranoa River, Mitchell ; dividing range between Flinders and Burdekin Rivers, Thozet. 5. 3P. linifolia (Flax-leaved), Sm. Bot. N. Holl. 31, t. 11 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 17. An erect shrub, from under 1ft. to 2 or 3ft. high, glabrous except the inflorescence, the branches usually slender and virgate. Leaves opposite, on very short petioles, linear or oblong, passing also into linear spathulate or linear- lanceolate, from under Ain. to about lin. long, nearly flat, the margins in the dry state usually slightly recurved and rather convex than concave. Flower- heads terminal, globular, erect ; involucral bracts 4, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, often nearly as long as the flowers, glabrous inside as well as out, rather thin, the midrib not very prominent. Receptacle shortly villous. Perianth-tube 4 to 6 lines long, silky-villous from the base, circumsciss rather above the ovary, the lobes 1 to 1 A line long. Filaments usually about half the length of the lobes; anthers oblong, with a narrow connective, the cells when opened placed back to Pimelea.~\ CXII. THYMEL^EACEflE. 13G5 back. Fruiting base of the perianth not acuminate; epicarp membranous. Seed oblong ; albumen scanty ; cotyledons ovate-oblong, flat but rather thick. — It. Br. Prod. 359 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 497 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 334 ; Bonpl. Jard. Malm. t. 31 ; Bot. Mag. t. 891 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1668 ; P. jilamentosa, Rudge in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 287, t. 14 ; P. involucrata, Herb. Banks ; Passerina involucrata, Thumb. Cat. Mus. Nat. Acad. Ups. xiii. 106 ; Cali/ptrostcf/ia lini folia, C. A. Mey. in Bull. Acad. Petrop. iv. (1845) 74; P. paluilma, K. Br. Prod. 360, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 499 ; P. collina, A. Cunn. Herb, (partly) ; P. rigida, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 502 ; P. linoiden, A. Cunn. in Field, N. S. Wales, 326 ; Calyptroster/ia linoides, Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. part 2, 61 ; P. Lindleyana, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 499 (partly). ITsib.: Brisbane Biver, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham and many others; Itoekingham Bay, D illuchy. 6. P. ligustrina (Ligustrum-like), Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. 9, t. 3 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 18. An erect shrub, attaining in the ordinary form 5 or 6ft., glabrous except the inflorescence or the young shoots slightly silky-hairy. Leaves opposite, from ovate to oblong or elliptical, rather thin, 1-nerved and more or less distinctly penniveined, 1 to l^in. long or on luxuriant shoots twice that size. Flower heads rather large, globular ; involucral bracts in the typical form 4 or rarely 5 or 6, very broad, as long as the perianth-tubes, glabrous or nearly so. Flowers hermaphrodite or in some specimens female with shorter perianths, but in both cases apparently fertile. Perianth-tube fully 5 lines long in the her- maphrodite flowers, shorter in the females, in both more or less silky-hairy and cireumsciss above the ovary after flowering, the lobes about lines long. Fila- ments in the hermaphrodite flowers nearly as long as the lobes, the anthers oblong, with a narrow connective ; iii the females tbe anthers small empty on .short filaments and the style longer. Fruit acuminate, the beak longer in the hermaphrodite than in the female specimens. Epicarp membranous. Seed and embryo as in P. linifolia. — R. Br. Prod. 360 ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xif. 505 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 333 ; Cab/ptrostei/ia lir/ustrina, C. A. Mey. in Bull. Acad. fPetrop. iv. (1845) 74 ; P. data, F. v. M. First Gen. Rep. 17 ; Meissn. in Linntea, xxvi. 349, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 505. Hab.: Mount Mistake. 7. P. haematostachya (spikes blood-red), V. v. M. Fragm. i. 84 ; Benth. . FI. Atwtr. vi. 22. An erect perennial of 1 to 2ft., perfectly glabrous except ■the inflorescence, somewhat glaucous, not much branched. Leaves opposite, sessile or nearly so, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, mostly 1 to 2in. long. Flower-heads pedunculate above the last stem-leaves, large and hirsute, at first globular, but soon lengthening into a dense spike of 2 to 4in. Involucral bracts 4 to 8, very deciduous so as to be seen only on the very young head, linear to oval-oblong, membranous and hairy. Flowers of a blood-red colour, numerous and crowded. Perianth slightly silky-hairy, the slender tube above Ain. long, ■cireumsciss above the ovary after flowering, the lobes about 2 lines long. Fila- ments at least as long as the lobes ; anthers oblong, with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back. Fruit not succulent, the persistent base of the perianth very hairy, the epicarp membranous. Seeds with scanty albumen and broad cotyledons. Hab.: Burdekin Biver and Peak Downs, F. v. Mueller ; Dawson River, Leichhardt ; Rockingham and Edgecombe Bays, Daltachy ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Nerkool Creek amt Bowen Biver, Bowman) Suttor River, Sutherland; Rockhampton, O’ Shane sy, Thozet ; and many other inland localities. By some this species is considered the worst of the genus for poisoning sheep. It is, however, stated that if the ears of the sheep effected are slit soon after the poison has taken ■effect the animal’s life may in most cases be saved. 136G CXII. THYMELJE ACE/E. [Pimelca. 8. P. latifolia (broad leaves), R. Br. Prod. 8G2 : Bent It. FI. Austr. vi. 23. A spreading silky-hairy shrub or undershrub of 1 to 2ft. Leaves alternate, elliptical or lanceolate, acute, tapering into a very short petiole, 1J to Sin. long, glabrous above, silky-hairy underneath. Elower-heads more or less lengthened into short spikes, shortly pedunculate above the last leaves, without involucral bracts, becoming lateral or in the forks of the branches by the elongation of the lateral shoots, the rhachis of the fruiting spike often 4in. long. Perianth- tube about 2 lines long, circumsciss about the middle after flowering, leaving a bottle-shaped fruiting base, the lobes rather short and obtuse. Filaments short ; anthers with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back. Fruit shortly acuminate, epicarp membranous, endocarp more- hooked at the end than in many species. — Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv, 514. Hab.: Cumberland Island. 7?. Drown ; Port Denison. Fitzalan: Rockhampton, Thozet; head of tbe Dee River, Bowman ; Mount Elliott and Mount Mueller, Dallachy. 9. P. simplex (simple), F. v. M. in Linneea, xxv. 443; Bentli. FI. Austr. vi. 23. An erect slender branching annual of about 1ft., glabrous except the inflorescence and much resembling l\ trichostachya. Leaves alternate, linear, mostly about Jin. long. Flower-heads small, depressed- globular, surrounded when young by 2 to 4 deciduous involucral bracts like the stem-leaves but smaller, and remaining dense and compact after flowering, the hirsute rhachis not exceeding 2 lines. Flowers smaller than in P. trichostachya, the perianth-hairs shorter and less spreading, the tube much shorter above the ovary, but similarly circumsciss after flowering and the fruit the same. — Meissn, in Linntea, xxvi. 350, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 511. Hab.: Southern localities inland. 10. P. sericostachya (spikes silky), F. r. M. Fraym. iv. 162; Bmth. PL Austr. vi. 24. Shrubby at the base, with erect branching stems, from under 1ft. to 2ft. high, the whole plant 'clothed with long silvery-silky hairs which soon disappear from the upper side of the leaves. Leaves alternate, lanceolate or oblong linear, J to lin. long. Flowers very small, in heads compact when in very young bud, but soon lengthening into interrupted spikes often several inches long, always pedunculate above the last leaf, without involucral bracts. Perianth shortly silky-hairy, the tube slender, about 2 lines long, circumsciss above the ovary after flowering, the lobes about J line. Anthers abortive in some speci- mens, sessile in the bisexual flowers. In fruit the persistent base of the perianth enlarges to 8 lines ; fruit acuminate, the epicarp membranous, the endocarp scarcely hooked. Hab.: Fellheitn River, Boicman ; Newcastle Range. T('. E. Armit (F. v. M. Fragm. xi 47). Yar. parvifolia. Leaves mostly about 2 lines long. 11. P. trichostachya (spikes hairy), Lindl. in Mitch. Prop. Austr. 355; Bentli. PI. Au-str. vi. 24. An erect slender branching annual of about 1ft., glabrous and glaucous except the inflorescence. Leaves alternate, linear, concave, J to Jin. long. Flower-heads at first short, but soon lengthening into a slender interrupted hairy spike or raceme of 1 to 2in., without any involucral bracts different from the stem-leaves, the flowers small yellow and very shortly pedicellate. Perianth not above 2 lines long, the tube circumsciss above the ovary after flowering, the persistent base clothed with long spreading hairs ; the lobes not above J line long. Filaments short ; anthers oblong with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back. Fruit acuminate, the epicarp membranous. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 514 ; Calyptrostegia trichostachya v \Valp. Ann. iii. 325. Hab.: On tbe Maranoa River, Mitchell ; Bokhara Creek, Leichhardt ; Darling Downs, Law. CXII. THYMELiEACEiE. 1367 Pimelea.] 12. P. leptostachya (spikes slender), Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 24. A slender undershrub (or annual with a hard base?), much branched, with erect or ascending stems of £ to 1ft., glabrous or sprinkled with a few silky hairs especially on the inflorescence and flowers. Leaves alternate, lanceolate or oblong-linear, ^ to lin. long. Flowers small, in loose spikes scarcely forming a head when very young, and lengthening to 1 or l^in., without involucral bracts. Perianth about lines long, sprinkled with appressed hairs, not circumsciss after flowering, the lobes rather long, filaments short ; anthers with a narrow connective, the cells placed back to back when open. Fruiting perianth about 3 lines long, bottle- shaped at the base, contracted into a short neck terminating in the persistent lobes. Fruit acuminate, the epicarp membranous, hairy at the apex, the endocarp tubercular-rugose, not hooked. Hab.: Herbert’s Creek and Rockhampton, Bowman. 13. P. leptospermoides (Leptospermum-like), F. v. M. Fragm. vii. 2 ; Bentli. FI. Anstr. vi. 27. An erect shrub of 1 to 3ft., slightly silky-hairy, the foliage of a pale almost glaucous hue. Leaves mostly alternate, oblong, to l£in. long, glabrous above with 2 or 3 veins on each side of the midrib and nearly parallel to it prominent underneath. Flowers in terminal and axillary sessile clusters without involucral bracts different from the stem-leaves, those in the specimens seen all males. Perianth silky-hairy, with a slender tube 4 to 5 lines long and narrow lobes about 1 line. Anthers oblong, nearly sessile, the connective rather broad, but the cells quite distinct and at length placed almost back to back. Ovary apparently abortive. Hab.: Cawarra, Bowman. — Until the fertile flowers have been observed, the affinities of this species must remain uncertain. 14. P. microcephala (flower-heads small), R. Br. Prod. 361 ; Benth. FI. Anstr. vi. 27. “ Yackahber/’ St. George, Wedd. A much-branched spreading shrub, usually quite glabrous except the flowers, the branches rigid but slender. Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, mostly J to lin. long, or on some luxuriant shoots narrow and lAin. long, flat or concave. Flower-heads small, terminal, with 2 to 4 involucral bracts rather shorter and broader than the stem -leaves but variable. Flowers strictly dioecious. Male-perianth more or less silky-hairy, the tube very slender, fully 2 lines long, the lobes about one-third as long. Filaments very short ; anthers with a narrow connective, the cells when open placed back to back. Female perianth very short and villous, the small erect lobes just protruding above the ovary, usually enlarged with the fruit, which is then 2 lines long and sometimes protrudes beyond the lobes. Epicarp membranous. Seed with a scanty albumen and broad cotyledons. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 515 ; P. distinctissima, F. v. Muell. First Gen. Rep. 17 ; Calyptro- stegia microcephala, Endl. Gen. PI. Suppl. iv. part 2, 61. Hab.: Curriwillinghie, Dalton ; Peak Downs, Burkitt. 15. P. pauciflora (few flowers), B. Br. Prod. 360 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 27. A much-branched glabrous shrub, attaining sometimes 8 or 10ft., but often much lower, closely allied to and much resembling luxuriant specimens of P. microcephala, but usually more slender, with linear-lanceolate leaves. Flowers few in the head, and the perianth and receptacle quite glabrous, the male perianth not quite so slender as in P. microcephala, but the dioecious character and the structure of the flowers and fruits quite the same. The fruit is said to be red when ripe, but it does not appear to be at all succulent. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 515 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 335 ; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 179. Hab.: Dividing Range, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham-, Mount Lindsay, IF. Ilill; Warwick, Beckler ; Wide Bay, Bidwill. Part IV. y 1368 CXII. TIIYMEL^EACEiE. [ Pimelea . 16. P. flava (yellow), B. Br. Prod. 361; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 29. An erect shrub, with opposite or forked usually virgate branches, slightly silky- hairy or nearly glabrous, the whole plant often turning blue-green in drying. Leaves opposite, obovate oblong or almost orbicular, flat, more or less coriaceous, glabrous, prominently 1 -nerved or rarely showing also the lateral veins, mostly 2 to 4 lines but sometimes nearly fin. long. Flower-heads terminal, with 4 involucral bracts, larger and broader than the stem leaves, either rather longer or shorter than the flowers. Flowers white or yellowish, dioecious. Male perianth-tube about 14 lines long, 4he lobes about half as long. Filaments short ; anthers with a narrow connective and the cells very distinct, but often somewhat turned inwards. Female perianth about 14 lines long when in flower, 2 lines when in fruit, divided to the ovary into 4 very small rounded lobes. — Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 510 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. i. 333 ; Calyptostegia flava, Endl. Gen. PI. Suppl. iv. part 2, 61. Hab.: Mount Mistake. 17. P. Bowmanni (after E. Bowman), F. v. M.\ Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 30. An erect shrub, softly silky-hairy all over. Leaves alternate, crowded, sessile, oblong-lanceolate,- 1-nerved, f to fin. long, silky on both sides. Flowers solitary in the upper axils. Perianth-tubes rather slender, shortly and equally silky-villous, about 2 lines long, circumsciss above the ovary after flowering, the lobes more than half as long. Anthers in some specimes all abortive, in others with longer perianth-lobes, they are oblong, with a broad dorsal connective, the cells parallel on the inner face but more prominent and distinct than in most Epallages. Hab.: Broadsound, E. Bowman. 18. P. penicillaris (like a painter’s pencil, the hairs of flowers), F. v. M. Chem. and Drug., Oct. 1883. A shrub clothed all over with silvery silky- hairs. Leaves sessile crowded, ovate-lanceolate, alternate or nearly opposite, flat. Involucral bracts 8, broadly cordate, silky on both sides. Flowers dioecious in dense heads. Calyx-rather small with long silky hairs. Style glabrous. Ovary silky towards the summit. Male flowrers and fruit unknown. Hab.: Inland towards the border of N. S. Wales. 19. P. curviflora (flowers curved), B. Br. Prod. 362 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 31. A shrub or undershrub much branched especially near the base, with wiry ascending or erect branches, attaining 1 to 2ft., more or less silky-hairy. Leaves alternate or here and there opposite, varying in breadth, rarely fin. long and often not fin., glabrous above, sprinkled or clothed with appressed hairs underneath. Flowers small, hermaphrodite or female, in little heads really terminal but mostly appearing axillary from the shortness of the flow'ering branches, the involucral bracts few, usually 2 only, small and unequal. Perianth silky-hairy, the tube slender, usually curved below the middle, 2 to 24 lines long, circumsciss about the middle after flowering, the upper portion falling off very early, leaving the style shortly protruding from the persistent base, the lobes not above half as long as the tube, the two inner ones sometimes smaller than the outer ones. Filaments very short ; anthers with a very broad convex dorsal connective, the cells closely parallel on the inner face. Fruiting base of tbe perianth somewhat curved and contracted into a neck, the fruit itself shortly acuminate ; epicarp membranous, endocarp not conspicuously hooked at the top. Seed apparently with a scanty albumen and broad cotyledons, but not seen very perfect.— Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 512; Budge in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 285, t. 13; Calyptrostegia curviflora, C. A. Mey. in Bull. Acad. Petrop. iv. (1845) 74 ; P. gracilis, B. lir. Prod. 362 ; Meissn. in DC. xiv. 512 ; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. Pimelca.] CXII. THYMELiEACE/E. 1369 i. 831; Calyptrostegia gracilis, Endl. Gen. Suppl. iv. part 2, 61 ; P. congesta, A. Cunn. Herb, non R. Cunn. ; P. thymifolia, Presl. Bot. Bern. 107 ; P. Mueller i, Meissn, in Linnsea, xxvi. 351, and in DC. Prod. xiv. 512. Hab.: Southern Downs country. Var. sericea. More silky, the leaves often hairy on both sides. Flowers sometimes rather larger, sometimes rather smaller and all female on some specimens both of this and the following variety. P. propinqua, A. Cunn., Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 512. — Stanthorpe. Var. pedunculata. More luxuriant, the leaves often £ to lin. long. Flower-heads some- times almost sessile in the axils as in the typical forms, but often on slender lateral or axillary peduncles (or flowering branches) J to lin., flowers rather larger. — Warwick, Beclrfer ; Darling Downs, Laic-, to border of N. S. Wales. 20. P. altior (taller), F. v. M. Fragm. i. 84 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 32. A much-branched spreading shrub, attaining 5 or 6ft., hirsute with short spreading hairs. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, from broadly ovate or orbicular and under Jin. long, to oblong elliptical and H to 3in. long, flat, shortly hirsute on both sides. Flower-heads terminal or in the forks, with 2 to 4 involucral bracts similar to the stem-leaves but deciduous. Flowers not numerous. Perianth hirsute with more or less spreading hairs, the tube slender, about 3 lines long, circumsciss after flowering shortly above the ovary, the lobes about 1 line long. Filaments very short; anthers large, oblong, with a broad dorsal connective, the cells closely parallel on the inner face. Fruit about 2 lines long, the epicarp thinly membranous. Seed with a scanty albumen and ovate cotyledons. Hab.: Brisbane River. Moreton Bay, F. v. Mueller ; Archer’s Creek, Leic liardt. Common on the borders of southern scrubs. 2. WICKSTRCEMIA, Endl. (After Im. Wickstrom.) Perianth tubular, with a spreading 4-lobed limb without scales in the throat. Stamens 8, the anthers sessile, those opposite the perianth-lobes inserted in the throat, the alternate ones in the tube. Hypogynous scales 4, free or more or less united in pairs. Ovary with one pendulous ovule ; style very short. Fruit a berry-like drupe, the epicarp succulent sometimes thin, the endocarp coriaceous or erustaceous. Seed without albumen. — Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or rarely here and there alternate. Flowers in short terminal or axillary racemes spikes or heads, without involucral bracts. The genus extends over a great part of tropical Asia and the islands of the Archipelago and the Pacific. The only Australian species has a wide range over the area of the genus. 1. W. indica (of India), C. A. Mey. in Bull. Acacl. Sc. Petersb. i. (1843) 357 ; Benth. Bl. Austr. vi. 87. A shrub, sometimes low and spreading, some- times almost arborescent, glabrous or the slender branches slightly silky-hairy. Leaves from ovate and obtuse to ovate-lanceolate and acute or oblong-lanceolate and tapering at both ends, rarely above 2in. long and sometimes all under lin., usually rather thin and glabrous. Flowers few together, very shortly pedicellate in small terminal heads sometimes growing out into short spikes, the common peduncle usually under 4 lines long, erect or slightly recurved. Perianth of a greenish yellow, glabrous or sprinkled with a few hairs, the tube scarcely 3 lines long, the lobes about 1 line. Hypognous scales 4, small and narrow, approximate in opposite pairs and sometimes the two connate at the base. Drupe red, oval, about Jin. long, the endocarp rather hard. — Meissn. in DC. Prod, xiv, 543 ; Daphne indica, Linn. Sp. PL i. 511 ; R. Br. Prod. 362 ; Hook, and Arn. Bot. Beech, t. 15 ; F. v. M. Fragm. vii. 1 ; W. fcetida, A. Grey, in Seem. Journ. Bot. iii. 302 ; Seem. FI. Yit. 207 ; IF. Sliuttlewortliii , Meissn. in Denkschr. Regensb. 1370 CXIL THYMELTEACE^E. [ IVickstrcemia. Bot. Ges. iii. 287 ; IF. Shuttleicorthiana, Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 544 ; IF. riridiflora, Meissn. in Denkschr. Begensb. Bot. Ges. iii. 286 and in DC. Prod, xiv, 546 ; Benth. FI. Hongk. 297. Hab.: Shoal Bay Passage, R. Brown ; Port Denison, Fitzalan : Edgecombe and Rockingham Bays, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Logan River, A. Cunningham, Frazer ; Burnett and Brisbane Rivers, F. v. Mueller. Not uncommon. Wood of a yellowish colour, soft and close-grained. — Bailey’s Cat. Ql. Woods. No. 351a. Reported as poisonous to stock. The species appears to be also in the Indian Archipelago, in S. China, Sikkim, and the islands of the N. and S. Pacific. It is, however, not always easy to determine the limits to be assigned to it. The character derived from the perfect freedom or the union in pairs of the bypogynons scales appears to be of little or no value. — Benth. 3. PHALERIA, Jack. (From phaleros, shining white; flowers.) (Drymispermum, Reinw. ; Leucosmia, Benth.) Perianth tubular, with a spreading 4-lobed rarely 5 or 6-lobed limb, without scales in the throat. Stamens twice as many as the perianth-lobes, in 2 rows, those opposite the lobes inserted in the throat, the alternate ones in the tube. Hypogynous scales united in a short sinuate or lobed cup. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell ; style terminal, elongated. Fruit a drupe, with a succulent epicarp, the endocarp coriaceous or hard, 2 celled or 1 celled by abortion. Seed one in each cell without albumen, cotyledons thick and hemispherical.- — Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, petiolate, larger than in most Tliymelea. Flowers white or yellowish, several together in lateral or terminal sessile or pedunculate heads, surrounded by an involucral of about 4 bracts much shorter than the perianth-tube. Perianth longer than in most Tliymelea, white or yellowish. Stamens usually as long as or longer than the perianth-lobes, but variable in this respect in different individuals of the same species. The genus is dispersed over the Eastern Archipelago, Southern Asia, and the islands of the North and South Pacific. The species are difficult to discriminate, especially from the few specimens in herbaria. Jack’s name, published in the Malayan Miscellany, has six years’ precedence over Reinwardt’s. — Benth. Flower-heads terminal. Perianth-tube glabrous, 5-6 lines long . . . . 1. P. Blumei. Flower-heads terminal. Perianth-tube loosely pubescent, 7-8 lines long . 2. P. Neumanni. Flower-heads mostly axillary or lateral. Perianth-tube glabrous, 1^-l^in. long 3. P. clerodendron. 1. P. Blumei (after C. Blume), Benth. var. latifulia, FI. Austr. vi. 38. A bushy glabrous shrub. Leaves oblong-elliptical or oval-oblong, shortly acuminate, more or less contracted at the base but the petiole distinct, mostly about 6in. long and 2 broad, but varying from 4 to 8in. and broader or narrower in proportion. Flower-heads mostly terminal, on a very short common peduncle. Involucral bracts 4 to 6, oblong or obovate, obtuse, about 3 to 4 lines long. Flowers usually numerous. Perianth-tube glabrous, 5 to 6 lines long, the lobes obtuse, pubescent inside especially towards the end, usually 4 but varying occasionally to 5 or even 6. Drupe shortly acuminate, when 2 celled 4 or 5 lines in diameter and furrowed outside opposite the partition, when 1 -celled more ovoid and acuminate ; epicarp succulent but not very thick ; endocarp coriaceous. — Drymispermum Blumei, Dene. ; Meissn. in DC. Prod. xiv. 604. Hab.: Cape York, M'Gillivray, W. Hill, Daemel. — Also in Java and Sumatra. There is great confusion between this and P. ( Drymispermum ) laurifolia, Dene., although distinctly characterised by Decaisne, Meissner and Miquel as having the perianth glabrous outside in the one, pubescent in the other. The Hookerian herbarium has two specimens, cultivated at different times in the Kew Gardens. The one figured in Bot. Mag. t. 5787 as P. laurifolia, has the perianth glabrous, and would therefore belong to P. Blumei, whilst the CXII. THYMELyEACEiE. 1371 Phaleria .] description refers rather to the other specimen with pubescent perianths which appears to be the same as the Javanese D. longifolium , Teysm., and is perhaps also identical with Deciisne’s Timor P. laurifolia. The Australian specimens have the leaves rather broader and less tapering than is usual in the Javanese specimens of either species. — ■ Bentli . 2. P. Neumanni (after L. Neumann), F. v. M. ; Bentli. FI. Austr. vi. 38. A bushy shrub, glabrous except the flowers. Leaves oblong-elliptical, shortly acuminate, tapering below the middle, much narrowed at the base and narrowly decurrent along the short petiole, 4 to 8in. long, 1| to 2fin. broad. Flower-heads terminal, sessile or nearly so. Involucral bracts 4 to 6, rather broad, obtuse. Flowers numerous in the head. Perianth hoary-pubescent outside, the tube 7 to 8 lines long ; lobes usually 5 but sometimes 4 only, about 2 lines long, obtuse. Fruit rather larger than in P Blumei and more frequently 1 -seeded by abortion. — Drymispennn Neumanni , F. v. M. Fragm. v. 26. Hab.: Rockingham Bay and Herbert River, Dallachy. Probably not distinct from the true P. laurifolia from Timor, of which, however, I have seen no specimen for comparison. — Benth. 3. P. clerodendron (like a Clerodendron), F. v. M.\ Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 38. An arborescent shrub, scarcely 12ft. high, quite glabrous. Leaves elliptical- oblong, much acuminate, tapering at the base but distinctly petiolate, 6 to 8in. long. Flower-heads axillary or lateral, nearly sessile. Perianth glabrous outside, the tube If to Hin. long, the lobes usually slightly pubescent inside, about 3 lines long. Involucre and fruits not seen.- — Drymispermum clerodendron, F. v. M. Fragm. vii. 1. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. This species comes very near to D. Cumingii, Meisn., from the Philippine Islands, but the flowers are still larger. — Bentli. Order CXITI. EL/EAGNACEjE. Flowers hermaphrodite or dioecious. Perianth tubular, free but persistent at the base and contracted above the ovary, the upper portion deciduous, 2 or 4-lobed, or in male flowers the perianth divided to the base. Stamens equal to and alternate with the perianth-lobes or twice as many, inserted at the mouth of the tube or at the base of the perianth ; anthers versatile, with two parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary 1-celled, with 1 erect anatropous ovule. Fruit indehiscent, consisting of the persistent enlarged and usually succulent base of the perianth lined by the thin pericarp. Seed with a membranous or rather thick testa; albumen none or very thin; embryo straight, with a short inferior radicle. — Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, more or less covered with a scurfy or silvery indumentum consisting of stellate or peltate scales. Leaves alternate, entire. Flowers usually yellow or greenish, in axillary clusters cymes or short spikes, with 1 bract often very deciduous under each flower. A small Order, chiefly Asiatic and European, with a very few American, northern, or tropical species; the only Australian genus has nearly the same area as the Order. 1. EL/EAGNUS, Linn. (A classical name of the Wild Olive, hence the English name “Oleaster” for the European species.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted at the orifice of the tube. Style elongated, recurved at the top, with a lateral stigma. This, the principal genus of the Order, has several Asiatic or European and one North American species ; the only Australian species is one widely distributed over Ceylon, E. India, and the Eastern Archipelago. 1372 CXIII. ELJEAGNACEiE. [Etaagnus. 1. D. latifolia (leaves broad), Linn. ; Schlecht. in DC. Prod. xiv. 610, and in Linncea xxx. 317 ; Benth. FI. Austr. vi. 39. “Millai-millai,” Atherton, Both. A shrub sometimes climbing over the tallest trees, sometimes erect and middle-sized or with weak straggling stems, covered except the upper surface of the leaves with the scurfy scales of the Order. Leaves petiolate, ovate ovate-lanceolate or elliptical, usually acuminate but sometimes obtuse, 2 to 4in. long or larger on barren branches. Flowers several together in axillary spikes or clusters often not exceeding the petioles, with the bracts all small and deciduous, but some- times longer with 1 or 2 of the lower bracts leafy and persistent. Perianths shortly pedicellate, the lower peisistent portion narrow at the time of flowering, scarcely above 1 line long, closed at the top round the style by a disk-like annular prominence, the free part of the tube much broader, ovoid-campanulate, about 2 lines long, slightly contracted at the top, the limb spreading to 3 or 3^ lines diameter. Filament very short. Ovary glabrous. Fruiting base of the perianth about fin. long, slightly furrowed when dry. Seed about iin. long. — Wight, Ic. t. 18-56. Hab.: Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Pioneer River, Vcrnet ; also Eumundi, North Coast Railway Line, Bailey and Simmonds. Wood of a yellow colour. — Bailey's Cat Ql. T roods, No. 352. The species is common in Ceylon and in various parts of India and the Archipelago. In Australia the indumentum is either all silvery-white or more or less mixed with or covered by ferruginous scales. The stature is very variable, and the size of the flowers also in a less degree. INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. The synonyms Page Acanthus 1140 ilicifolius, Linn. . . 1146 Achyranthes . . . . 1231 aspera , Linn. .. .. 1231 australis, R. Br. ... 1231 prostrata, Linn. .. 1230 Adenosma .. .. 1103 eoeruleum, R. Br. .. 1103 Adenostephanus Bleasdalii, Benth. . . 1333 Ajuga .. .. .. 1208 australis, R. Br. . . 1209 diemenica, Benth. .. 1209 tridentata, Benth. .. 1209 virgata, Benth. .. 1209 Alternanthera .. .. 1232 angustifolia, R. Br. .. 1234 Baueri, Moq. ... .. 1236 decipiens, Benth. . . 1234 denticulata, R. Br. .. 1233 nana, R. Br 1233 nodiflora, R. Br. ... 1233 sessilis, R. Br. .. 1234 Amarantus .. .. 1219 caudatus, Linn. .. 1220 frumentaceus, Roxb. .. 1220 interruptus, R. Br. .. 1221 lineatus, R. Br, .. 1221 leptostachyus, Benth.. . 1220 macrc-earpus. Benth. ... 1222 Mitehellii, Benth. .. 1221 pallidiflorus, F. v. M. 1220 paniculatus, Linn. . . 1220 rhombeus, R. Br. .. 1221 spinosus, Moq. .. 1220 undulatus, R. Br. .. 1221 viridis, Linn. .. 1221 Ambrina carinata, Moq. .. 1244 A nadenia ilicifolia, B. Br. .. 1337 Andreusia debilis, Vent. ... ... 1156 glabra, Vent. .. .. 1155 Anisacantha .. ... 1258 bicornis, F. v. M. ... 1258 bicuspis, F. v. M. ... 1259 Birehii, F. t>. M. . . 1259 brevicuspis, F. v. M. .. 1261 diacavtha, Nees .. 1257 species incidentally mentioned ar Page divaricata, R. Br. . . 1259 echinopsila, F.v.M. ... 1260 erinacea, Mcq. .. 1259 kentropsidea, F. v. M. 1257 lanicuspis, F. v. M. ... 1258 muricata, Moq. . . 1259 quinquecuspis, F. v. M. 1259 tricuspis, F. v. M. .. 1259 Aniseia cernua, Moric. .. 1C 65 ensifolia, Chois. ... 1065 martinicensis, Chois. . . 1065 uniflora, Chois. . . 1065 Anisomeles .. .. 1196 australis, Spreng. ... 1208 inodora, R. Br. ... 1197 moscha ta, R. Br. .. 1197 salvifolia, R. Br. .. 1196 Anthocercis Hopu'oodii, F. v. M. . . 1097 Leiclihardtii, F. v. M. 1097 Antirrhinum bitartitum, Vent. .. 1101 Aristolochia .' . . . 128 L deltantha, F. v. M. .. 1282 indica, Linn. .. . . 1283 praevenosa, F. v. M. . . 1282 pubera, R. Br. . . 1282 Thozetii, F. v. M. . . 1282 Arthrocnemum .. 1261 arbusculum, Moq. . . 1261 halocnemoides, Nees. .. 1262 Arthrotrichum calostachyum, F. v. M. 1230 Argyreia . . . . . . 1053 alulata, Miq. ... . . 1060 speciosa, Sw. .. .. 1053 Asystasia .. .. 1146 australasica, Bail. .. 1147 Atherosperma . . . . 1 294 micranthum, Tul. .. 1296 moscbata, Labill. ... 1294 Atriplex . . . . . . 1244 angulata, Benth. .. 1248 australasica, Woq. .. 1247 campanulata, Bm .. 1248 cinerea, Poir. . . 1246 denticulata, Moq. ... 1248 clceagnoides, Moq. .. 1247 fissivalvis, F. v. M. . . 1249 printed in italics Page halimoides, Lindl. .. 1249 halimus, R. Br. .. 1247 lialimus, Nees . . 1247 holocarpa, F. v. M. .. 1250 humilis, F. v. M. . . 1247 inflata, F. v. M. . . 1250 leptocarpa, F. v. M. . . 1249 linibata. Benth .. 1249 Lindleyi, Moq. ... 1250 Muelleri, Benth. 1248 nummularis, Lindl. .. 1246 patula, Linn. . . .. 1247 Quinnii, F. v. M. .. 1246 reniformis, F. v. M. . . 1 246 semibaccata, R. Br. .. 1248 scmibaccata, Moq. .. 1250 spongiosa, F. v. M. . . 1250 stipitata, Benth. .. 1246 vesicaria, He w. . . 1247 Atropa physaloides, Linn. .. 1093 Avicennia .. .. 1184 officinalis, Linn. .. 1185 tomentosa, Jacq. .. 1185 Babbagia . . . . 1256 acropt ra, F. v. M. .. 1256 dipieroearpa, Moq. .. 1256 seleroptera, /•’. v. M. . . 1256 Banksia .. ... .. 1358 aemula, R. Br. .. 136 L collina, R. Br. .. 1359 compar, R. Br. .. 1360 Cunnivgliainii, Sieb. .. 1359 dactyloides, Gaertu. .. 1351 dentata, Linn.f. ... 1360 dilleniuefolia, Knight .. 1361 elatior. R. Br. .. 1361 ericifolia, Linn.f. .. 1359 fagifolia, Hoffmsg .. 1361 gibbosa, Sin. .. 1349 integi ifolia, Linn. f. .. 1360 latifolia, R. Br. .. 1361 ledifolia, Cunn. .. 1359 litturalis, Lindl. . . 1360 macrophylla, Link. . . 1360 marginata, r ar. Hoit. Petrop. .. ... 1360 ole ifolia, Cav. ... 1360 oleifolia, Salisb, .. 1351 prionophylla, F. v. M.‘ 1360 ii INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. pyriformis, Gaertn. . . Page 1331 robur, Cav. 1361 serrcefolia, Knight 1361 serrata, Cav. 1361 serratifolia , Salisb. . . 1361 spicata, Gaertn. 1360 teretifolia, Salisb. 1348 uncigera, Knight 1361 undulata, Lindl. 1361 Beea 1131 hygroscopica, F. v. 31. 1131 Batatas acetosafolia, Chois. . . 1061 edulis, Chois. . . 1057 littoralis, Chois. 1061 maritima, Boj. . . 1061 paniculata 1057 xajithorhiza, Boj. 1057 Beilschmiedia 1302 lachnostemnnea, F.v. 31. 1303 obtusifolia, Benth. and Hook. 1303 Beurreria glabra, G. Don 1037 Icevis, G. Don . . 1039 punctata, G. Don 1039 Bignonia jneonantha, Don 1134 Pandorea, Vent. 1134 Blattaria vulgaris, Fourr. 1100 Bleasdalca cupanioides, F. v. M. ... 1333 Blitum carinatum, Moq. 1244 cristatum, F. v. M. 1244 glandulosum, Moq. 1244 Boerhaavia 1212 diffusa, Linn. .. 1212 mutabilis, R. Br. 1213 procumbens, Roxb. 1213 pubescens, R. Br. 1*18 repanda, IVilld. 1213 Bonnaya .. 1112 brachiata, L. and O .. 1112 pus ilia, Benth. 1112 serrata. Griff. . . 1112 verbenee folia, Benth. .. 1112 veronicaefolia, Spreng. 1112 Borago zeylanica, Linn. 1048 Boussingaultia .. 1264 baselloides, Hook. 1265 Breweria .. 1073 linearis, R. Br. 1073 media, R. Br. . . 1073 pannosa, R. Br. 1074 Brochosiplion australis, Nees. . 1149 Brunella 1145 vulgaris, Linn. 1196 Buchnera 1118 asperata, R. Br. 1119 curviflora, R. Br. 1121 gracilis, R. P>r. 1120 linearis, R. Br. 1119 parviflora, R. Br. 1121 pubescens, Benth. Page 1120 ramosissima, R. Br. . . 1120 tenella, R. Br. . . 1119 tetragona, R. Br. 1119 urticifolia, R. Br. 1119 Buckinghamia ... 1351 celsissima, F. v. 31. . . 1352 Bulweria nobilissima, F. v. M. . . 1137 Calceolaria 1100 pinnata, R. and P. 1101 scabiosffifolia, R. and S. 1101 Callicarpa 1173 adenantliera, R. Br. .. 1174 cana, Linn. 1174 dentata, Roth... 1174 lanata, Schau. . . 1174 longifolia, Lam. 1174 pedunculata, R. Br. . . 1174 Calonyetion grandiflorum, Chois. . . 1061 speciosum, Chois. 1061 Calyptrostegia cornucopice, Endl. 1363 curviflora, C. A. Mey. 1368 flava, Endl. 1368 glauca, C. A. Mey. 1364 gracilis, Endl... 1369 intermedia, C. A. Mey. 1364 ligustrina, C. A. Mey.... 1365 linifolia, C. A Mey. .. 1365 linoides, Endl ... 1365 microcephala. Endl. .. 1367 Schleclitendahlia na, Walp. .. .. 1364 trichostacliya, Walp. ... 1366 : Calystegia. . 1068 marginata, R. Br. 1068 reniformis, R. Br. 1069 sepium, R. Br. 1069 Soldanella, R. Br. 1069 Gampnleia cocciuea, Hook. 1121 Capra ria calycina, A. Gr. 1156 Crustacea, Linn. 1111 Capsicum 1092 fastigiatum, Biume 1093 Cunlwellia 1354 sublimis, F. v. 31. 1354 Carna'vonia 1351 araliaefoha, F. v. 31. . . 1351 1 Caryodapline australis, A. Br. 1301 Cassytha . . 1312 americana, Nees 1314 casuarinee, Nees 1314 digitata. Nees 1315 dispar, St hlecht 1314 filiformis, Linn. 1314 glabella, R. Br. 1314 glabella, Sieb. ... 1314 gnineensis. Schum. 1314 melantha, R. Br. 1314 microcephala . Meiss. .. 1314 Muelleri, Meissn. 1315 1 paniculata, li. Br. 1314 . . Page piligera, Schlecht .. 1314 pubescens, R. Rr. . . 1314 racemosa, Nees ... 1315 remotiflora, F. v M. .. 1314 robusta, Meissn. .. 1315 rugulosa, Meissn. .. 1314 tasmanica, Meissn. . . 1314 Celosia .. .. ..1218 arborescens, Sp. .. 1219 argentea, Linn. .. 1218 cent ua, Roxb. .. .. 1218 cristata, Linn.... .. 1218 pyrainidalis, Burm. . . 1218 Celsia 1100 cretica, Linn. .. ... 1100 Centranthera .. .. 1122 hisp'tda, R. Br. ... 1122 Cbenolea .. 1250 sclerolrenoides, F. v. 31. 1251 Chenopodina australis, Moq. . . 1263 maritima, Moq. 1263 Chenopodium .. .. 1241 album, Linn. .. .. 1242 ambrosioides, Linn. .. 1243 auricomum, Lindl. . . 1242 australe, R. Br. ... 1263 baccatum, Labill. .. 1239 Brownianum, It. et S.... 1242 cavinatum, U. Br. . . 1243 cristatum, F. v. 31. .. 1244 erosum, R. Br. . . ... 1243 glandulosinii, F. v. M. 1244 lanceolatum, R. Br. .. 1242 murale, Linn. . . .. 1243 nitraviaceum, F. v. 31. 1242 simulans, F. v. 31. .. 1244 triangulare, R. Br. .. 1243 trigoncm, R. et S. . . 1243 Chloanthes .. ..1167 lavandulifolia, Sieb. ... 1168 parviliora, Walp. .. 1168 stoeehadis, R. Br. . . 1168 Cinnamomum . . . . 1308 Laubatii , F. v. M. .. 1309 Oliveri, Bail. ... .. 1308 propinquum, Hail. .. 1309 Tatnala, Nees .. .. 1309 Clerondendron .. ..1181 cardiophyllvm, F. v. M. 1184 costatum, R. Br. .. 1184 Cunninghatnii, Benth. 1184 fioribundum, R. Br. .. 1183 hemiderma, F. v. 31. . . 1182 inerme, R. Br. .. 1182 lanceolatum, F. v. 31. 1183 Linnai, F. v. M. ... 1182 ova turn, R. Br. . . .. 1184 tomentosum, R. Br. .. 1183 Tracyanum, F.v. 31. .. 1182 Codonocarpus . . . . 1267 australis, Cunn. .. 1267 cotinifolius, F. v. 31. ... 1268 Coleus .. .. .. 1191 scutellarioidts, Benth. 1191 Coldenia .. .. ... 1039 procumbens, Linn. .. 1040 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. iii Page Concilium cornutum, Gairtn. ... 1349 dactyloides, Went. . . 1351 longi/olium, Sm. . . 1348 nervosum, Sm. . . . . 1351 pubescens. Willd. ... 1349 pugioniforme, Sm. ... 1348 pyriforme, Willd. .. 1331 salicifolium, Gffirtn. .. 1349 salignum, Sm. .. 1349 sphoemideum, Sm. . . 1349 Conospermum .. ... 1122 affine, R. et S. . . 1323 falcifolium, Knight . . 1323 lavandulifolium, Cuun. 1323 propinquum, R. Br. . . 1323 sphacelatum, Hook. ... 1322 spicatum, R. Br. . . 1323 taxifolium, Sm. ... 1322 Convolvulus . . . . 1069 abruptus, Spreng. .. 1062 adscendens, De. Vr. . . 1070 alatus, Spreng. .. 1060 angustissimus, R. Br. .. 1070 Batat Linn. ... 1057 Bruicnii, Spreng. . . 1066 carnosus, Spreng. . . 1061 coccineus, Spreng. . . 1067 congestus, Spreng. ... 1059 diversifolius, Spreng. 1058 edulis. Thumb. . . 1057 erectus, Spreng. . . 1067 eriocarpus, Spreng. . . 1066 erubescens. Sims. . . 1070 esculentus, Sal. . . 1057 gracilis, Spreng. . . 1063 gramincus, Spreng. . . 1062 incisus, Spreng. . . 1065 luteolus, Spreng. .. 1067 marginatus, Spreng. . . 1069 muritimus, Desr. . . 1061 multivalvis, R. Br. . . 1070 multivalvis, var. R. Br. 1070 nil, Linn. .. ... 1058 obscurus, Linn. .. 1065 parviflorus, Vahl. . . 1070 Pes-capree, Linn. . . 1061 plueniceus, Spreng. . . 1067 plebeius, Spreng. .. 1066 purpurens, Linn. ... 1059 quinatus, Spreng. .. 1057 remotus, R. Br. ... 1070 Robertianus, Spreng. . . 1066 sepium, Linn. . . . . 1069 sphcerocephalus, Roxb. 1066 Soldanclla, Linn. . . 1069 stoloniferus, C yr. .. 1061 subpinnatifidus, De Vr. 1070 Turpethum, Linn. .. 1060 urceolatus, Spreng. . . 1068 velutinus, Spreng. '.. 1062 Cordia . . . . . . 1036 aspera, Forst. . . . . 1036 Brownii, DC. .. .. 1037 dichotoma, Forst. . . 1037 ixiocarpa, F. v. M. .. 1037 laceruta, F. v. M. .. 1036 lati/olia, Roxb. Page 1037 Myra, Linn. .. .. 1037 orientalis, R. Br. 1037 subcordata, Lam. 1037 Cressa 1074 australis, R. Br. 1075 cretica, Linn. ... 1074 Cryphiacanthus australis, Nees 1145 Cryptocarya 1297 australis, Benth. 1301 Bancroftii, Bail. 1302 cinnamomifolia, Benth. 1300 glaucescens, R. Br. 1299 graveolens, Bail. 1302 Mackinnoniana, F.v.M. 1298 Meissneri F. v. SI. 1301 Murrayi , F.v.M. 1298 oblata, Bail. 1301 obovata, R. Br. 1299 Palmerstonii, Bail. ... 1302 patentinervis, F. v. 31. 1299 triplinervis, R. Br. 1300 Cunila fruticosa, Willd. 1206 Cuscuta .. 1075 australis, R. Br. 1075 carinata, R. Br. 1075 chinensis, Lam. 1075 epithymum, 3Iurr. 1076 europea, Linn.. . 1076 obtusijlora, H. B. & K. 1075 Cyanocarpus Cribbiana, Bail. 1237 Nortoniana, Bail. 1238 Cyathula ... 1230 geniculata, Lour. 1230 prostrata, Blumc 1230 Cylicodaphne Bindoniana, F. v. M... 1312 Fawcettiana, F. v. M. 1312 Leefeana, F. v. M. 1312 Cynoglossum 1048 australe, R. Br. 1049 Drummondii, Benth. ... 1049 latifolium, R. Br. 1048 suaveolens, R. Br 1049 Cyrtandra 1132 Baileyi, F. v. 31. 1132 Daphnandra 1295 aromatica, Bail. 1296 micrantha, Benth. 1295 repandula, F. v. 31. . . 1296 Daphne .. 1369 indica, Linn. ... 1369 Darlingia . . 1352 spectatissima, F. v. 31. 1352 Datura 1094 alba, F. v. M. ... 1094 fastuosa, Linn. 1095 Leichhardtii, F. v. 31. 1094 stramonium, Linn. . . 1095 Tatula, Linn. . . 1095 Deeringia . . 1218 altissima, F v. 31. ... 1219 baccata , Moq. .. 1218 celosioides, R. Br. 1218 Tage Deplanchea Bulwerii, F.v.M. 1137 Desmoclmta micrantha, DC. 1230 prostrata, DC. . . 1230 Dichondra 1074 repens, Chois. . . 1074 Dicliptera.. 1149 arinata, F. v. M. 1149 Burmanni, Nees 1149 glabra, Dene. . . 1149 Leonotis, Dale. 1149 racemifera, F. v. M. . 1150 spicata, Dene. . . 1149 Dicrastyles 1166 Costelloi, Bail. 1166 Doranii, F. v. 31. 1167 Lewellini, F. v. 31. 1167 Weddii, Bail. . . 1167 Didymo-iarpus . . 1131 Kinnearii, F. v. 31. 1131 Digitalis stricta, Roxb. . . 1122 Dilivaria ilicifolia, Juss. 1146 Diplanthera 1136 hirsuta, Bail. ... 1137 tetraphylla, B. Br. 1137 Dipteracanthus bracteatus, Nees 1144 pumilio, Nees . . 1145 Dissocarpus biflorus, F. v. M. 1258 Ditoca muscosa. Banks 1217 Dolichandrone . . 1135 heterophylla, 1. v. 31. 1135 alternifolia, B. and 11. 113.5 Dopatrium 1109 junceum, Hamilt. 1109 Doryphora 1295 sassafras, Endl. 1295 Drymispermum Blumei, Dene. . . 1370 clerodendron, F. v. M. 1371 laurifolium, Dene. 1371 Neumanni, F. v. M. . . 1371 Duboisia 1096 Hopwoodii, F. v. 31. 1097 Leichhardtii, F. v. SI. 1097 myoporoides, R. Br. . . 1097 Dysophylla 1192 crassicaulis, Benth. 1192 tetraphylla, Wight . . 1192 verticillata, Benth. 1192 Dyspbania 1215 littoralis, R. Br. 1216 littoralis, Moq. 1216 myriocephala, Benth. 1216 simulans, F. v. M. 1244 Earlia exelsa, F. v. M. 1153 Ebermaiera 1143 glauca, Nees .. 1143 Echinospermum 1049 concavum, F. v. SI. .. 1050 iv INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Page Echinopsilon anisacanthoides. F.v.M. 1260 brachypterus, F. v. M. 1254 sclerolcenoides, F. v. M. 1251 stelligerus, F. v. M. . . 1254 Ehretia . . . . . . 1038 acuminata, R. Br. . . 1038 lcevis, Roxb. . . . . 1039 membranifolia, R. Br. 1039 pilosura, F. v. HI. . . 1038 saligna, R. Br. . . 1039 serrata, Roxb. . . 1338 Elaeagnus .. .. 1371 latifolia, Linn. . . 1272 Embotbrium . . . . 1357 crithmifolium, Sm. . . 1357 herbaceum, Cav. . . 1357 ilicifolium, Poir. ... 1357 rubricaule, Giord. ... 1356 salicifolium, Vent. ... 1349 salignum, Andr. ... 1349 silaifolium, Sm. . . 1357 Wickhami, F. v. HI. 1358 Enchylaena .. .. 1254 microphylla, Moq. ... 1255 paradoxa, R. Br. .. 1255 pubescens, Moq. . . 1255 tomentosa, R. Br. ... 1255 villoBa F. v. HI. . . 1255 Endiandra ... .. 1303 Cowleyana, Bail. . . 1306 dichrophylla, F. v. HI. 1306 discolor, Bentli. ... 1305 exostemonea, F. v. HI. 1306 glauca, R. Br. . . .. 1304 hypotephra, F. v. HI. 1304 insignis, Bail. . . . . 1307 Lowiana, Bail. . . 1307 Muelleri, Meissn. . . 1305 pubens, Meissn. . . 1306 Sankeyana, Bail. . . 1307 Sieberi, Nees . . . . 1305 tooram , Bail. . . .. 1308 virens, F. v. HI. ... 1305 Ephielis simplicifolia, Seem. .. 1178 Eranthemum ... .. 1147 tenellum, Benth. . . 1148 ■ variabile, R. Br. .. 1147 Eremophila .. .. 1158 albicans, F. v. M. .. 1163 bignonieeilora, F. v. HI. 1161 Bowmanni, F. v. HI. . . 1159 Brownii, F. v. HI. .. 1163 Daly ana, F. v. M. .. 1157 divaricata, F. v. M. . . 1157 Duttoni, F. v. HI. . . 1163 Freelingii, F. v. HI. .. 1162 Goodwinii, F. v. HI. .. 1162 Grahami, F. v. M. .. 1163 incana, F. v. M. . . 1163 Latrobei, F. v. HI. . . 1160 longifolia, F. v. HI. .. 1161 Macdonellii, F. v. HI. 1160 maculata, F. v. HI. .. 1163 Mitchelli, Benth. . . 1160 myoporoides, F. v. M.. . 1155 polyclada, F. v. HI. . . Page 1161 santalina, F. v. M. 1157 strongylopbylla, F. v. HI. 1159 Sturtii, R. Br.. . 1159 tuberculata, F. v. M. .. 1160 Willsii, F. v. HI. 1162 Eriochiton sclerolainoides, F. v. HI. 1251 Eritrichium 1050 australasicum, DC. . . 1050 Erycibe .. 1053 paniculata, Roxb. 1053 Euphrasia 1123 collina, R. Br. . . 1123 multicaulis, Benth. ... 1123 scabra, R. Br. .. 1124 tetragona, R. Br. 1123 Euxolus interruptus, Moq. 1221 lineatus, Moq. . . 1221 rhombeus, Moq. 1221 undulatus, Aoq. 1221 viridis, Moq. . . 1222 Evolvulus 1072 alsinoides, Linn. 1072 argenteus, R. Br. 1073 decumbens, R. Br. 1073 heterophyllus, Labill. . . 1073 linifolius, Linn. 1073 pilosus, Roxb. . . 1073 villosus, R. Br. 1073 Faradaya . . 1181 splendida, F. v. HI. . . 1181 Glossostigma 1114 Drummond ii, Benth. . . 1114 spathulatum, Am. 1114 Gmelina .. 1177 fasciculifiora, Benth. ... 1178 Leichhardtii, F. v. HI. 1178 macrophylla, Benth. .. 1178 Gomphrena 1234 breviflora, F. v. M. 1236 Brownii, Moq.. . 1236 canescens, R. Br. 1235 conferta, Benth. 1236 conica, Spreng. 1236 diffusa, Sq>reng. 1237 firma, F. v. M. 1236 flaccida, R. Br. 1235 globosa, Linn. . . 1235 humilis, R. Br. 1236 Goniotriche tomentosa, Turcz. 1225 Graptophyllum . . 1152 Earlii, F. v. HI. 1153 ilicifolium, F. v. HI. . . 1153 pictum, Nees . . 1152 spinigerum, F. v. HI. . . 1152 Gratiola . . 1108 glabra, Walp. .. .. 1109 juncea, Roxb. .. .. 1109 latifolia, R. Br. . . 1109 pedunculata, R. Br. ... 1108 peruviana, Linn. . . 1109 ■pubescens, R. Br. .. 1109 serrata, Roxb. . . .. 1112 veronica: folia, Roxb. .. 1112 Grevillea 1334 Alphonsiana, F. v. M. 1347 autumnalis, Lhotzk. . . 1338 Banksii, R. Br. . . 1336 Behrii, Schlecht. . . 1337 Bleasdalii, F. v. M. . . 1333 callipteris, Meissn. . . 1341 chrysodendron, R. Br. 1336 chrysophoea, F. v. M. . . 1338 cirsiifolia, Hleissn. . . 1337 Dryandri, R. Br. . . 1341 ferruginea, Grah. . . 1338 floribunda, R. Br. . . 1337 gibbosa, R. Br. . . 1344 glauca, Knight . . 1344 Goodii , R. Br. .. 1338 heliosperma, R. Br. .. 1340 Helmsioe, Bail. .. 1338 Hilliana, F. v. HI. . . 1343 ilicifolia, R. Br. . . 1337 juncifolia, Hook. . . 1339 Kennedyana, F. v. HI. 1339 leiophylla, F. v. HI. . . 1344 lineata, R. Br. . . 1342 longistyla, Hook. . . 1339 mimosoides, R. Br. . . 1343 Mitchelli, Hook. . . 1336 neglecta, R. Br. . . 1339 parallela, Knight . . 1342 pinnatifida, Bail. . . 1343 pohjbotrya, F.v.M. .. 1342 polystachya, R. Br. ... 1341 pteridifolia, Knight . . 1336 refracta, R. Br. . . 1340 rigens, Cunn. .. .. 1341 robusta, Cunn. . . 1342 singulifiora, F. v. M. 1340 stenobotrya, F. v. HI. 1341 sphacelata, Cunn. .. 1338 Strangea, Benth. .. 1334 striata, R. Br. . . 1342 trineura, F. v. M. . . 1347 trisecta, F. v. M. . . 1349 umbratica, Cunn. .. 1342 venusta, R. Br. .. 1338 Wickhami, Hleissn. . . 1340 Gyrostemon acaciceformis, F. v. M. 1268 attemiatus, Hook. .. 1268 cotonifolius, Desf. . . 1268 pungens, Lindl. .. 1268 Hakea .. ... .. 1344 aborescens, R. Br. .. 1347 bifrons, Meissn. . . 1350 chordophyila, F. v. M. 1346 dactyloides, Cav. . . 1350 eriantha, R. Br. .. 1347 ferruginea, Lodd. . . 1381 florulenta, Meissn. ... 1349 gibbosa, Cav. . . . . 1349 glabra, Schrad. .. 1348 glauca, Knight .. 1348 Ivoryi , Bail. .. .. 1346 lanigera, Ten... .. 1349 leucocephala, Dietr. . . 1350 leucoptera, R. Br. .. 1349 longicuspis, Hook. . . 1350 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. v lores , R. Br. . . macrocarpa, Cuiin. . . mierocarpa, R. Br. ... mimosoides, Cunn. nervosa, Knight parilis, Knight patula, R. Br. . . pedunculata, F. v. 31. Persiehana, F. v. 31. . . pinifolia, Salisb. plurinervia, F . v. 31. . . pubescens, Schrad. . . pugioniformis, Cav. . . purpurea. Hook, pyriformis, Cav. rubricaulis, Colla. saligna, Knight stricta, F. v. M. tephrosperma, R. Br. . . trineura, F. v. M. virgata, R. Br. vittata, R. Br. Halgania cyanea, Lindl. strigosa, Sch. tuberculosa, Sch. Halocnemum cinereum, F. v. M. Haussmannia jueunda, F. v. M. Hedycarya angustifolia, A. Cunn. australasica, A. DC. . . Cunninghamii, Tul. . . dentata, var., Sond. .. macrophylla, A. Cunn. pseudomorus, F. v. M. Helicia australasica, F. v. 31. conjunctiftora, F. v. M. Cribbiana, Bail. Darlingiana, F. v. M. ferruginea, F. v. 31. . . glabrillora, F. v. 31. . . Heyana, Bail. Nortoniana, Bail, prccalta, F. v. M. Scottiana, F. v. M. . . ternifolia, F. v. M. . . Youngiana, F. v. M. . . Whelani, Bail. Heliophytium indicum, DC Heliotropium anchussefolium, Poir. asperimum, R. Br. ... brachygyne, Bentli. . . bracteatum, R. Br. ... coromandeliaunm, Retz. curassavicum. Linn. . . elachanthum, F. v. M. fasciculatum, R. Br. . . filaginoides, Bentli. . . foliatum, R. Br. foliatum, Lehm. glabellum, R. Br. gracile, R. Br. Page 1346 1346 1350 1349 1351 1348 1350 1348 1347 1349 1350 | 1349 I 1348 1349 1331 1256 1348 1350 1350 1347 1350 1348 1040 1040 1040 1040 1261 1136 1136 1293 1293 1293 1293 1293 1292 1293 1326 1328 1328 1327 I 1352 1328 1328 1 1329 1328 1330 1332 1330 1327 1330 1047 1042 1047 1043 1044 1045 1044 1043 1050 1044 1046 4045 1044 1047 1045 indicum, Linn, linifolium, Wight, ovalifolium, Forslc. . . panieulatum, R. Br. . . pauciflorum, R. Br. . . prostratum, R. Br. . . strigosum, Willd. tenuifolium, R. Br. . . ventricosum, R. Br. . . Hemigenia Biddulphiana, F. v. 31. Hernandia bivalvis, Bentli. peltata, Meissn. Herpestis floribunda, R. Br. Monnieria, Gcertn. Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia, F. v. 31. . . Hollanders Lamingtoniana, Bail. Sayeri, F. v. 31. Hydrolea . . spinosa, Linn. zeylanica, Valil. Hygrophila angustifolia, R. Br. . . salicifolia, Neet. Hypoestes floribunda, R. Br. laxidora, Nees Illecebruni angustifolium, Spreng. denticulatum, Spreng. nanum, Spreng. Ilyogeton alsinoides, Endl. scapigerum, Endl. subulatum, Endl. Iresine Broionii, Moq. conica, Moq. ... macrocepliala, Moq. . . Isopogon .. anemouifolius, Knight. petiolaris, A. Cunn. ... Ipomcea . . abrupta, R. Br. acetosa folia, R. and S. alata, R. Br. . . anceps, R. and S. angustifolia, Jacq. aquatica, Forsk. Batatas, Lam. liiloba, Forsk. Bona-nox, Linn. Brownii, R. and S. ... calobra, Hill. . . carnea, Forst. carnosa, R. Br. cataracts, Endl. chryseides, Ker. coccinea, Linn. congests, R. Br. coptica, Roth, cymosa, R. and S. denticulata, Chois. Page | 1047 I 1047 : 1044 1046 1045 1045 1045 1046 1046 1204 1204 I 1315 | 1316 1315 1107 1107 110S 1333 1334 1353 1354 j 1354 ! 1034 ; 1034 ! 1034 j 1143 1143 1143 1148 1148 1148 1234 1233 1234 1111 1111 1111 1237 1236 1237 1320 1321 1321 1056 1062 1061 1060 1060 1065 1062 1057 1061 1061 1065 1059 1063 1061 1067 1064 1067 1059 1058 1063 1062 denticulata, R. Br. . . Page 1065 digitata, Linn. 1056 dissects, I Villd. 1058 diversifolia, 11. Br. .. 1058 erects, R. Br. 1067 eriocarpa, R. Br. 1066 filicaulis, Bl. . . 1065 flava, F. v. 31. 1064 gracilis, 11. Br. 1063 graminea, 11. Br. 1062 grandiflora, Lam. 1060 hederaeea, Jacq. 1058 heterophylla. R. Br. . . 1066 hirsuta, R. Br. 1057 llorsfallite, Hook. 1057 Horsjielddiana, Miq. . . 1066 incisa, R. Br. 1065 insignis, Andr. 1056 Icevigata, Sol. .. 1063 Learii, Paxt. .. 1059 linifolia, Bl. ... 1064 littoralis, Thw. 1063 longiflora, R. Br. 1060 luteola, Jacq. .. 1067 luteola, R. Br. 1068 macrantlia, R. and S. . . 1061 maritima, R. Br. 1061 Muelleri, Bentli. 1063 jril, Roth. 1058 obscura, Ker. 1064 palmata, Forsk. 1057 paniculata, R. Br. 1056 peltata, Chois. 1059 pendula, R. Br. 1057 pentadactylis, Chois. . . 1057 Pes-capra8, Roth. 106L plicenicea, Roxb. 1067 planlensis 1067 plebeia, R. Br. 1066 pulcliella, Roth. 1057 purpurea, Roth. 1059 Quamoclit, Linn. 1067 quinata, R. Br. 1057 reptans, Poir. 1062 sepiaria, Keen. 1063 sessilijlora, Roth. 1066 sinuata, Ort. 1058 speciosa, Bl. . . 1054 triquetra, R. and S. .. 1060 Tuba, Don. 1061 tuberculata, R. and S. 1057 Turpethum, R. Br. ... 1060 urceolata, R. Br. 1068 uniflora, R. and S. 1065 velutina, R. Br. 1062 Josephinia 1139 Eugeni®, F. v. 31. 1140 grandiflora, R. Br. ... 1140 Justicia .. 1150 adscendens, R. Br. 1151 cavernarum, F. v. M. . . 1152 erauthemoides, F. v. 31 . 1152 hygrophiloides, F. v. 31. 1151 juncea, R. Br. 1151 media, R. Br. . . 1151 notha, Cl. 1151 peploides, A ndcrs. 1151 VI INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. procumbens, Linn. . . Page 1151 q uinquea ngula ris, Keen . 1151 Kentropsis brevicuspis, F. v. M. . . 1261 diaeantha, Moq. 1257 eriacantha, F. v. M. . . 1258 lanata , Moq. . . 125S Kermadecia, Brong. 1333 Bleasdalii, R and H. . . 1333 pinnatifida, Bail. 1343 Kibara 1291 laxiflora, Benth. 1292 longipes, Benth. 1292 macrophylla, Benth. ... 1291 pubescens, Benth. 1292 Knightia D"rlingii. F. v. M. 1352 Kochia 1251 aphylla, B. Br. 1253 brachyptera, F. v. 31. . . 1254 brevifolia, R. Br. 1252 dichoptera, F. v. 31. ... 1254 lanosa, Lindl. 1252 planifolia, F. v. 31. . . 1253 pubescens, Moq. 1253 sedifolia, F. v. 31. 1253 spongiocarpa, F. v. 31. 1252 stelligera, F. v. 31. 1254 thymifolia, Lindl. 1252 tomentosa, F. v. M. .. 1253 triptera , Benth. 1252 villosa, Lindl. 1253 Lagrezia altissima, Moq. 1219 Lambertia teretifolia, Gaertn. 1348 Lantana . . 1170 Camara, Linn. 1170 crocea, Jacq. .. 1171 Sellowiana, L. and 0. 1171 Laurus australis, A. Cunn. .. 1301 Boiciei, Hook. 1301 Cassia, Roel. .. 1309 Tamala, Ham. 1309 Leiocarya Kotsehyana, Hoeh. . . 1048 Lepistemon 1068 Lucse, F. v. 31. 1068 urceolatns, F. v. 31. ... 1068 I^estibudesia aborescens, R. Br. 1219 Lettsomia 1054 nervosa. Roxb. 1054 Soutteri, Bail. 1054 speciosa, Roxb. 1054 Leucas 1198 decemdentata, Sm. 1198 fiaccida, R. Br. 1198 lavandulafolia, Sm. ... 1199 linifolia, Sp. . . 1199 Limnophila 1106 gratioloides, R. Br. . . 1106 punctata, Blame 1107 Limosella 1115 Cnrdieana, F. v. 31. . . 1115 Linaria . . Paee [ 1101 j bipartita, Willd. 1101 Lindernia alsinoides, R. Br. 1111 scapigera, R. Br. 1111 subulata, R. Br. 1111 veronici folia, F. v. M. 1112 Lippia 1171 geminata, Kunth 1172 nodiflora, Rich. 1171 Lithosperum 1051 arvense, Linn. 1052 Litsea 1310 Bindoniana, F. v. 31. . . 1311 ehinensis, Lam. 1310 dealbata, Nees 1311 ferruginea, B. and H. 1312 reticulata, B. and H. . . 1312 zeylanica, Nees 1311 Lobophyllum tetrandrum, F. v. M. . . 1040 Lomatia . . 1356 Fraseri, R. Br. 1357 fraxinifolia, F. v. .17. . . 1356 ilicifolia, R. Br. 1357 silaifolia, R. Br. 1357 Lyciuni 1093 australe, F. v. 31. 1093 chinense, 31ill. 1094 europeum, Linn. 1094 intricatum, Boiss. 1094 orientale, Miers 10. '4 persicum, Miers 1094 soevum, 3Iiers 1094 Lycopus 1193 •australis, R. Br. 1193 Lycopersicum 1077 cerasiforme, Dun. 1077 esculentum, Mill. 1077 Macadamia 1329 ternifolia. F. v. 31. 1329 prajalta, Bail. . . 1330 Younyiana, F. v. M. . . 1327 Whelani, Bail. 1330 Maccoya plurisepala, F. v. M. . . 1051 Maireana stelligeru, F. v. M. 1254 tomentosa, Moq. 1253 Marrubium 1196 vulgare, Linn. 1196 Martynia . . 1138 diandra, Glo.v. 1138 fragrans, Lindl. 1139 proboscidea, Glo.v. 1138 Mazus 1103 pumilis, R. Br. 1103 Mentha .. 1192 australis, R. Br. 1193 grandifiora, Benth. 1192 satureioides, R. Br. .. 1193 Microcarpfra 1172 cochlearifolia, Sm. .. 1113 muscosa, R. Br. 1113 spathulata. Hook. 1114 Page Micromena australis, Benth. 1193 satureioides, Benth. .. 1193 Mimulus . . 1101 gracilis, R. Br. "... 1102 prostratus, Benth. 1102 pusillis, Benth. 1102 repens, R. Br. 1102 strictus, Benth. 1102 Uvedalise, Benth. 1102 Mirabilis .. 1211 jalapa, Linn. .. 1212 Mniarum biflorum, Forst. 1217 pedunculatum, Lab. .. 1217 Mollinedia 1288 acuminata, F. v. 31. ... 1290 angustifolia, Bail. 1289 Huegeliana. Tul. 1289 loxocarya, Benth. 1290 macooraia, Bail. 1290 macrophylla, Tul. 1292 subternata, Bail. 1291 Wardellii, F. v. 31. . . 1289 Moluccella 1198 lffivis, Linn. .. 1198 Monarda ... 1194 aristata, Benth. 1195 Monoeoccus 1266 echinophorus, F. v. 31. 1266 Morgania 1105 floribunda, Benth. 1105 glabra, R. Br. . . 1106 pubescens, R. Br. 1106 Moschosma 1188 australe, Benth. 1188 polystachyum, Benth. 1188 Muhlenbeckia 1276 Cunninghamii, F. v. 31. 1276 florulenta, Meissn. 1277 gracillima, Meissn. 1276 rhyticarya, F. v. 31. . . 1276 Musgravea 1353 stenostachya, F. v. 31. 1353 Myoporum 1154 acuminatum, B. Br. . 1154 Cunninghamii, Benth. 1155 cyanantherum, A Cunn. 1155 Dampieri, A. Cunn. .. 1155 debile, R. Br. . . 1156 deserti, A. Cunn. 1155 diffisum, R. Br. 1156 dulce, Bentb. .. 1155 ellipticum, R. Br. 1155 laxiflorum, Benth. 1155 montanum, R. Hr. 1155 patens, A. Cunn. 1155 platycarpum, R. Br. ... 1156 rugulosum, F. v. M. .. 1155 strictum, A. Cunn. ... 1155 Myosotis . . 1051 australis, R. Br. 1051 staminea, Lehm. 1053 Myristiea . . 1287 cimicifera, R. Br. 1287 insipida, R. Br. 1287 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. Nelsonia Page 1142 j Persoonia Page . 1323 campestris, It. Br. 1142 angustifolia, Knight . . 1326 rotundifolia, R. Br. . . 1142 cornifolia, A. Cunn. . 1324 tomentosa, Dietr. 1142 daphnoides, A. Cunn.. . 1325 Nepenthes 1278 falcata, R. Br. . . . 1324 albo-lineata, Bail. 1279 fastigiata, R. Br. . 1325 Alicae, Bail. .. 1280 filifolia, Dietr . 1326 Bernaysii, Bail. 1278 glaucescens, Sieb. . 1326 Cholmondeleya, Bail. 1281 lanceolata, Andr. . 1326 Jardinei, Bail. 1279 ligustrina, Knight . 1326 Kennedyi, F. v. M. . . 1278 linariifolia, A. Cunn.. . 1326 Moorei, Bail. 1279 linearis, A n dr. . . . 1326 Rowanse 12S0 media, R. Br. . . . 1324 Nesodaphne mimosoides, A. Cunn.. 1324 obtasi folia , Benth. 1303 Mitchellii, Meissn. . 1325 Nesogenes 1170 pentadactylon, Steud. 1326 euphrasioides, DC. . . 1171 pinifolia, Sieb. 1326 Newcastlia . . ; 1165 prostrata, R. Br. 1325 cephalantha . . 1166 pruinosa, A. Cunn. 1326 eladotricha, F. v. 31. . . 1165 sericea, A. Cunn. 1325 Nicandra, 1093 tenuifolia, R Br. 1236 physaloides, Giertn. .. 1093 tenui folia, Meissn. 1326 Nicotiana 1095 tinifolia, A. Cunn. 1325 Australasia, R. Br. . . 1096 virgata, R. Br. 1326 jastigiata, Nees 1096 Petropbila 1319 glauca, Grali. 1095 canescens, A. Cunn. . 1320 rotundifolia, Lindl. . . 1096 fucifolia, Knight 1320 suaveolens, Lehm. 1095 pedunculata. R. Br. . 1319 Tabaeum, Linn. 1095 pulehella, R. Br. . 1320 undulata, Vent. 1096 sessilis, Sieb. ... 1320 Notelaa Shirleyse . 1320 Ligustrina, Sieb. 1097 Petunia .. . 1096 Nyssanthes 1231 nyctiginiflora, Juss. .. 1096 diffusa, R. Br. 1232 violacea, Lindl. 1096 erecta, R. Br. 1231 Phaleria . . 1370 media, R. Br. 1232 Blumei, Bentli. 4370 Ocimum . . 1187 clerodendron, F. v. 31. 1371 anitodorum, F. v. M. .. 1187 laurifolia, Dene. 1371 caryophyllinum, F.v.M. 1187 Neumanni, F. v. 31. . 1371 polijstaehyum, Linn. .. 1188 Pharbitis sanctum, Linn. 1187 hederacea, Ch. . . 1058 scutellanoides, Linn. .. 1191 hispula, Ch. 1059 Oreodapline insularis, Ch. .. 1059 Bowiei, Walp. . . 1301 Learii, Lindl. ... 1059 Orites 1332 limbata, Lindl. 1058 excelsa, R. Br. 1332 Nil, Ch. 1058 fragrans, Bail. 1332 Philoxerus Orobanche 1130 canescens, Poir. 1235 cernua, Lafl. .. 1130 conicus, R. Br. 1236 Orthosiphon 1188 diffusus, R. Br. 1237 stamineus, Benth. 1189 humilis, Poir. .. 1236 Palmeria 1288 lanatus, Poir. . . 1236 scandens, F. v. 31. 1288 Phlomis Passerina zeylanica, Roxb. 1199 involucrata, Thunb. .. 1365 Phoiida 1156 Pentadactylon Dalyana, F. t. 31. 1157 angnstifolium, Gsert. , . 1326 divaricata, F. v. 31. . 1157 Peperomia 1285 polyclada, F. v. M. ... 1161 enervis, DC. c£- F. v. 31. 1286 santalina, F. v. 3i. 1157 Peplidium .. .. 1113 humifusum, Del. .. 1113 Muelleri, Benth. . . 1113 Persea 1309 Baileyana, F. v. 31. .. 1310 datureefolia, Lam. edulis, Sims. . . minima, Linn, parviflora, R. Br. peruviana, Linn. 1093 1092 1092 1092 1092 vii pubescens, Wight. Page 1092 Phytolacca 1267 octandra, Linn. 1267 Pimelea . . 1362 altior, F. v. 31. 1369 Bowmani, R. v. 31. ... 1368 campicola, A. Cunn. .. 1364 collina, R. Br. . . 1364 collina, A. Cunn. 1365 colorans, Mitch. 1364 congesta, A. Cunn. 1369 cornucopias, Vajd. 1363 curviflora, R. Br. 1368 distinctissima, F. v. M. 1367 elata, F. v. M. . . 1365 dlamentosa, Rudg. 1369 flava, R.Br. 1368 glauca, R. Br. 1364 gracilis, B. Br. 1368 hsematostachys, F.v.M. 1365 humilis, Lindl 1364 intermedia, Lindl. 1364 involucrata, Banks 1365 latifolia, R. Br. 1366 leptospermoides.F.r.J/. 1367 leptostachya, Benth. .. 1367 ligustrina, Labill. 1365 Lindleyana, Meissn. . . 1365 linifolia, Sm. ... 1364 linoides, A. Cunn. 1365 marginata, Meissn. 1364 microcephala, R. Br.. . 1367 31itchelli, Meissn. 1364 Muelleri, Meissn. 1369 myrtifolia, Schlecht. .. 1364 paludosa, R. Br. 1365 pauciflora, R. Br. 1367 pencillaris, F. v. 31. . . 1368 Preissii, Schlecht. 1364 propinqua, A. Cunn. .. 1369 rigida, Meissn. 1365 sanguinea, F. v. 31. . . 1363 Schlechteudapliana, Meissn. 1364 sericostachya, F. v. 31. 1366 simplex, F. v. M. 1366 tliymifolia, Presl. 1369 trichostachya, Lindl... 1366 Piper 1283 Banksii, 31 iq. . . 1284 Mestoni .Bail... 1285 Novae-Hollandise, 31 iq. 1284 Rothianum, Bail. 1285 subpeltatum, Willd. . . 1284 triandrum, F. v. M. . . 1285 Piptocalyx 1293 Moorei, Oliv. . . 1294 Pisonia 1213 aculeata, Linn. 1214 Brunoniana, Endl. . . 1215 grandis, R. Br. 1214 inermis, Forst. 1214 limonella, Rlume 1214 3Ioonana,F. v. M. .. 1215 Sinclairii, Hook. f. 1215 villosa, Poir. . . 1214 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. viii Pilge Pityrodia .. ... .. 1168 salvifolia, R. Br. .. 1169 Plantago . . . . . . 1209 asiatica, Linn.... .. 1210 debilis, R. Br. . . .. 1210 lanceolata, I Ann. .. 1210 major, Linn. .. .. 1210 varia, R. Br. . . . . 1210 Plectranthus ... .. 1189 australis, II. Br. .. 1190 congestus, 1{. Br. .. 1190 fcetidus, Bentli . . 1191 graveolens, E. Br. .. 1190 longicornis, F. v. ill. . . 1189 moschatus, li. Br. . . 1188 parviflorus, II illd. . . 1190 parviflorus, li. Br. ... 1188 scutellarioides, 11. Br. . . 1191 Pogonia (lebilis, Andr. ... . . 1156 glabra, Andr. .. .. 1155 Polygonum .. .. 1169 adenophonnn , Spreng. 1272 adpressum, Pi. Br. . . 1276 articulatum, R. Br. . . 1272 attenuatum, R. Br. .. 1270 australe, Spreng. ... 1272 aviculare, Linn. .. 1270 barbatum, Linn. ... 1272 convolvulus, Linn. . . 1273 Cunninghamii, Meissn. 1277 decipiens, li. Br. . . 1271 clatius. K. Br .. 1272 glandulosum, 11. Br. ... 1272 gracile. It. Br. .. .. 1271 hydropiper, Linn. . . 1271 junceum, A. Cunn. .. 1277 lanigerum, R. Br. . . 1273 lapathifolium, Linn. .. 1272 minus, Huds. . . . . 1271 viuricatum, Meissn. .. 1273 orientale, Linn. . . 1270 pedynculare, Wall. . . 1273 plebeium, R. Br. . . 1270 prostratum, 7.’. Br. .. 1271 strigosum, R. Br. . . 1273 subsessile, R. Br. . . 1271 Polymeria .. .. 1071 ambigua, R. Br. .. 1072 calycina, R. Br. . . 1071 longifolia, Lindl. .. 1071 marginata, Benth. .. 1071 pusilla, R. Br 1072 Premna .. ... .. 1175 acuminata, R. Br. .. 1177 cordata, li. Br. .. 1177 Dallachyana, Benth. . . 1176 glycycocca, F. v. M. .. 1175 integrifolia, Linn. .. 1176 limbata, Benth. ... 1176 media, R. Br. .. .. 1176 obtusifolia, R. Br. .. 1175 ovata. 11. Br. .. .. 1176 salvifolia, Spreng. .. 1169 Tateana, Bail. . . .. 1176 Tracyana. F. v. M. .. 1183 Page Potomorphc subpeltata, Miq. ... 1284 Prostantbera 1199 atriplicifolia, A. Cunn. 1201 coccinea, F. v. M. 1204 euphrasioides, Benth. 1203 incisa, R. Br. ... 1201 lasianthas, Lalnll. 1200 Leichhardtii. Benth. . . 1203 linearis, R. Br. 1201 lithospermoides, F. v. M 1202 microphylla, A. Cunn. 1204 nivea, A. Cunn. 1202 odoratissima, Benth. . . 1203 ovalifolia, R. Br. 1200 phylicifolia, F. v. M. . . 1201 pimeleoides, F. v. M. . . 1203 l ingens, Benth. 1203 saxicola, R. Br. 1202 striatifiora, F. v. M. ... 1202 Protea anemonifolia, Salisb. . . 1322 dicliotoma, Cav. 1320 fucifolia, Salisb. 1320 pulchella, Schrad. 1320 tridactylites, Cav. 1222 Pterostigma strictum, Griff. 1104 villosum, Benth. 1104 Ptilotus ... 1221 cevroidcs, F. v. M. 1230 alopecuroedcus. F. v.M. 1227 calostachyus, F. v. M. 1230 conicus, R. Br. 1222 corymbosus, R. Br. ... 1223 distans, Poir. 1226 i exaltatus, Nees 1228 fusiformis, Poir. 1229 gracilis, Poir. 1229 liemisteirus, F. v. M. . . 1228 latifolius, R. Br. 1223 Lindleyi, F. v. M. 1225 Murrayi, F. v, M. 1223 7iobilis, F. v. M. 1229 obovatus, F. v. M. 1225 pachocephains, F. v. M. 1227 spicatus, F. v. ill. 1223 Quamoclit coccinea, Moen. 1067 phcenicea, Chois. 1067 vulgaris, Chois. 1067 Rhagodia.. 1238 baccata, Moq. . . 1239 Billardieri. R. Br. 1239 Candolleana, Moq. 1239 crassifolia, R. Br. 1240 hastata, R. Br. 1240 linifolia, R. Br. 1241 nitrariacea, F. v. M. .. 1242 nutans, R. Br. 1240 parabolica, R. Br. 1239 reclinata, A. Cunn. .. 1240 spineseens, R. Br. 1240 Rhamphicarpa ... 1121 Jistnlosa, Benth. 1122 longi flora, Benth. 1121 Rivina Paga .. 1266 Isevis, Linn. .. 1266 Roschelia .. 1050 Maccoya, F. v. M. .. 1051 Rostellularia juncea, Nees . . ... 1151 media, Nees ... .. 1151 peploides, Nees .. 1151 pogonanthera, F. v. M. 1151 procumbens, Nees .. 1151 simplex, Wight. .. 1151 Ruellia .. 1144 acaulis, R. Br. ... 1145 australis, R. Br. ... 1145- bracteata, R. Br. ... 1144 corynotheea, F. v. M. 1145 primulacea, F. v. M .. 1144 pumilio, R. Br. .. 1145 salicifolia, Vahl. .. 1143 spicifiora, F. v. M. .. 1145 Rumex .. 1273 acetosella, Linn. ... 1275 acutus, Sm. .. 1274 bidens, R. Br. ... .. 1274 Brownii, Campd. ... 1374 conglomeratus, Mur .. 1274 crispus, Linn. .. 1274 fnnbriatus, R. Br. .. 1274 halophilus, F. v. M. .. 1275 obtusifolius, . . .. 1275 Rungia .. 1150. latior, Nees .. 1150 Salicornia .. 1262- arbuscula, R. Br. .. 1262 australis, Soland. .. 1263 cinerea, F. v. M. .. 1261 indica, R. Br, . . .. 1263 leiostachya, Benth. .. 1262 tenuis, Benth. .. 1262 Salsola .. 1264 australis, li. Br. .. 1264 brachyplnylla, Sp. .. 1252 bracliypteris, Moq. .. 1264 carinata, Spreng. .. 1244 Kali, Linn. .. .. 1264 macropliylla , R. Br. .. 1264 Salvia .. 1194 coccinea, Linn. .. 1194 plebeia, R. Br. .. 1194 Scleranthus .. 1216 biflorus, Hooh. t'. .. 1216 Sclerochlamys brachijptera, F. v. M. 1254 Sclerolsena ... 1257 bicornis, Lindl. ... 1258 biflora, R. Br.... .. 1258 diacantha, Benth. .. 1257 lanicuspis, F. v. M. .. 1257 paradoxa, R. Br. .. 1258 Scoparia australis, Sieb. .. 1208 Scoparia . . .. 1115 dulcis, Benth. .. ... 1115 Scutellaria .. 1195 humilis, R. Br. .. 1195 Sebestena officinalis, Gsertn. ... 1037 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. IX Sentis Page rhynchocarpa, F. v. M. 1157 Sesamum ... . . 1139 indicum, DC. . . ... 1139 orientalis, Linn. .. 1139 Skinneria ccespita, Chois. .. 1164 Solanum ... .. 1077 aculeastrum, Dun. . . 1088 aculeatissimum, Jacq. 1088 adenophorum, F. v. M. 1090 amblyinerum. Dun. .. 1084 armatum, R. Br. . . 1089 auriculatum, Ait. . . 1082 aviculare, Forst. .. 1080 biflorum, R. Br. ... 1087 Broionii, Dun. . . 1084 rampanulatum, R. Br. 1089 carduiforme, F. v. 31. 1090 chenopodinum, F. v. 31. 1086 cinereum, R. Br. ... 1090 corifolium, F. v. M. .. 1082 Dallachii, Benth. .. 1087 defensum, F. v. M. . . 1084 densevestitum, F. v. 31. 1087 dianthophorum, Dun. 1086 discolor, R. Br. .. 1082 echinatum, R. Br. .. 1090 elachophyllum, F. v. M. 1085 ellipticum, R. Br. . . 1091 eremophilum, F. v. 31. 1089 esuriale, Lindl. ... 1085 fasciculatum, F. v. M. 1080 ferocissimum, Lindl. . . 1083 furfuraceum, R. Br. . . 1086 liystrix, Dun. . . 1089 inannenum, Benth. . 1081 laciniatum, Ait. . . 1089 leptophyllum, F. v. M. 1083 lithophilum. F. v. M. . . 1091 Lycopersicvm, Linn. . . 1077 macoorai, Bail. .. 1082 Morelia vera, Dunn. . . 1080 nemophilum, F. v. 31. 1087 nigrum, Linn. .. 1079 oligacanthum, F. v. M. 1085 orbiculatum, Dun. . . 1085 parvifolium, R. Br. . . 1083 pseudocapsicum, Linn. 1080 pulchellum, F. v. M. . . 1086 pungetium, R. Br. . . 1089 pitngetium, Sieb. . . 1089 pyracanthum, Lam. . . 1088 quadriloculatum, F, v. M 1091 reclinatnm, L’Her. . . 1080 repandum , F. v. M. ... 1087 rubrum. Mill. . . 1080 semiarmatum, F. v. M. 1087 Shanesii, F. v. M. . . 1081 simile, F. v. 31. . . 1080 sodomaeum, Linn. . . 1088 sporadotrichum, F. v. 31 1083 Sturtianum, F. v. 31. 1086 stelligerum, Sin. . . 1083 tetrandrum, R. Br. ... 1081 Page tetratliecum, F. v. 31. 1084 verbascifolium, Ait. . . 1082 vescum, F. v. M. ... 1080 violaceum, R. Br. . . 1084 viride, R. Br. ... 1081 viridi folium, Dun. .. 1081 xanthocarpum, S. <£■ IF. 1088 Sopubia .. .. .. 1122 Trifida, Hamilt, .. 1122 Spatliodea alternifolia, R. Br. . . 1135 lieteropliylla, R. Br. .. 1135 Spartothamnus .. .. 1169 junceus, A. Cunn. .. 1169 puberulus, F. v. M. ... 1170 Stachys .. .. ... 1197 arvensis, Linn. .. 1197 Stachytarpheta .. .. 1172 dichotoma, Vahl. .. 1172 mutabilis, Vahl. .. 1172 urticifolia, Sims. . . 1172 Stemodia... .. .. 1104 carulea, Benth. .. 1105 lythrifolia, F.v.M. .. 1104 viscosa, Roxb. ... 1105 Stenocarpus 1355 acacioules, F. v. M. . . 1356 concolor, F. v. M. .. 1356 C unninghamii, Hook. 1355 Moorei , F. v. M. ... 1356 salignus, R. Br. ... 1355 sinuatus, Endl. . . 1355 Stenochilns albicans, Bartl. ... 1163 bignonitxjlorus, Benth. 1162 curvipes, Benth. . . 1164 glaber, R. Br. ... 1163 incanus, Lindl. .. 1163 longifolius.'R. Br. ... 1161 maculatus, Her. .. 1164 ochroleucus, A. Cunn. 1163 racemosus, Endl. .. 1164 salicinus, Benth. .. 1161 subcanescens, Bartl. .. 1163 Strangea, SJeissn. . . 1334 linearis, 31eissn. ... 1334 Strigea ... .. .. 1120 curviflora, Benth. . . 1121 hirsuta, Benth. .. 1120 parviflora, Benth. ... 1121 Suseda . . . . . . 1263 australis, Moq. .. 1263 maritima, Dumort. .. 1263 tamariscina, Lindl. .. 1255 Tecoma 1133 australis, R. Br. .. 1134 Baileyana, 31. and B. 1134 diversifolia, Don. ... 1134 floribunda, A. Cunn. ... 1184 Hillii, F. v. 31. . . 1133 jasminoides, Lindl. ... 1134 vieonantha, Don. .. 1134 ochroxantha, Kunth.... 1134 Oxleyi, A. Cunn. ... 1134 Tecomella Bulwerii, F. v. M. ... 1137 Tecticornia Page 1261 cinerea, B. and II . . . 1161 Tetrantliera apetela, Roxb. 1311 Bindoniana, F. v. M. .. 1312 dealbata, R. Br. 1311 ferruginea, R. Br. 1312 Fuwcettiana, F. v. M. .. 1312 laurifolia, Jacq. 1311 nesogena, F. v. M. 1312 reticulata, Meissn. 1312 Teucrium 1206 ajugaceum, F. v. 31. .. 1208 argutum, R. Br. 1208 corymbosum, R. Br. .. 1207 integrifolium, F. v. 31. 1207 racemosum. R. Br. .. 1207 Thecantlies cornucopia, Wickstr. . . 1363 Threlkeldia .. 1260 brevicuspis, F. v. 31.... 1263 proceriflora, F. v. 31.... 1261 Thunbergia 1141 alata, Boj. 1142 arnhemica, F. v. 31. . . 1142 fragrans, Roxb. 1141 javanica, Gsertn. 1142 Powelli, F. v. M. 1142 Thyracanthus Earlii, F.v.M. 1153 Tiaridium indicum, Lehm. 1047 Tittmannia alsinoidcs, Spreng. 1111 scapigera, Spreng. 1111 subulata, Spreng. 1111 i orenia fimbria ta, Grah. 1110 flaccida, R. Br. mi scabra, R, Br. nn scabra, Grah. .. 1110 Tournefortia 1040 acclinis, F. v. M. 1042 argentea, Linn. 1041 mollis, F. v 31. 1041 orientalis, R. Br. 1042 sarmentosa, Lam. 1042 Trichinium 1224 fervoides, F. v. 31. 1230 alopecuroideum, Linn. 1226 alopecuroideum, Reg. ... 1228 angustifolium, Moq. .. 1227 Burtonii, Bail. 1229 calostachyum, F. v. 31. 1230 candicans, Nees 1227 conicum, Spreng. 1223 corymbosum, Gaud. .. 1227 corymbosum, Spreng. 1223 densum, A. Cunn. 1227 dissitifiorum, F. v. 31. 1226 distans, R. Br. 1226 exaltatum , Benth. 1228 fusiforme, R. Br. 1229 Gaudichaudii. Steu. ... 1228 giganteum, A. Cunn. .. 1227 gracile, R. Hr. . . 1229 incamtm, Moq. 1225 X INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. lanatum, Lindl. Page 1225 macrocephalum, R. Br. 1227 macrocephalum, Moq. . . 122S nobile, Lindl. .. 1227 obovatum, Gaud. 1225 pachoceplialum, Moq. .. 1227 pallidum, Moq. 1227 parviflorum, Lindl. . . 1226 Preissii, Nees 1227 pulchellum. A. Cunn. . . 1229 semilanatum, Lindl. . . 1228 sessili folium, Lindl. .. 1225 setigerum, A. Cunn. .. 1229 virgatum, A. Cunn. .. 1226 Tricondylus silaifolius, Knight 1357 Utricularia 1124 affinis, Wight 1128 albiflora, R. Br. 1126 australis, R. Br. 1126 Baueri, R. Br. 1129 bifida. Lam. 1127 biloba, R. I>r 1128 chrysantha, R. Br. . . 1127 cyanea, R. Br. 1127 diantha, R. et S. 1126 dichotoma, Lab ill. 1128 exoleta, R. Br. 1126 fasciculata, Roxb. 1126 flava, R. Br. .. 1127 flexuosa, Vahl.. . 1125 graminifolia , R. Br. . . 1127 lateriflora, R. Br. 1128 limosa, R. Br. .. 1129 oppositi flora, R. Br. .. 1128 pygmsea, R. Br. 1125 speciosa, R. Br. Page 1128 stellaris, Linn. f. 1125 tubulata. F. v. M. 1126 uniflora, R. Br. 1128 Lvedalia linearis, R. Br. 1102 Vandellia.. 1110 alsinoides, Bentli. 1111 Brownii, Benth. 1111 Crustacea, Bentli. 1110 scapigera, Benth. mi subulata, Benth. nil Yerbascum 1100 Blattaria, Linn. uoo Verbena .. 1172 bonariensis, Linn. 1173 macrostachya, F. v. M. 1173 officinalis, Linn. 1173 venosa , Gill. ... 1173 Veronica ... 1116 calycina, R. Br. 1117 calycina, A. Cunn. 1117 cycnorum, Miq. 1117 deltoides, Spreng. 1117 Denventia, Andr. 1116 elongata, Benth. 1117 Gunnii, Benth. 1117 labiata, R. Br 1116 notabilis, F. v. M. 1117 peregrina, Linn. 1118 plebeia, R. Br. 1117 serpyllifolia, Linn. . . 1118 stolonifera, Lehm. 1117 Yitex 1179 acuminata, R. Br. 1180 Cunninghamii, Sch. ... 1180 Page Dalrympleana, F. v. M. 1178 glabrata, R. Br. . . 1180 Leichhardtii, F. v. M. 1178 lignum-vitae, A. Gunn. 1179 macr ophy lla, R. Br. .. 1178 ovata, Thunb. . . .. 1179 timorensis, Walp. . . 1180 Tracyana, F. v. M. .. 1183 trifolia, Linn 1179 Westringia .. .. 1105 eremicola, A. Cunn. . . 1206 glabra, R. Br 1206 grandifolia, F. v. M. .. 1205 grevillina, F. v. M. . . 1206 longijolia, Lindl. .. 1206 rigida, E. Br 1206 rosmarinacea, Andr. . . 1206 rosmariniformis, Sin.... 1205 violacea, F. v. 11. .. 1206 Wickstrsemia 1369 fcetida, A. Gray . . 1369 indica, C. A. Mey. ... 1369 Shutteicortliiana. Meiss. 1370- v iri folia, Meissn. . . 1370 Wilkiea calyptroealyx, F. v. M. 1292 Huegellana, A. DC. . . 1289 macrophylla, A. DC. . . 1292 Xylomelum .. .. 1331 pyriforme, Knight . . 1331 salicinum, A. Cunn. ... 1331 Scottianum, F. v. M. . . 1332 Zapania nodiflora, Lam. .. 1111 VERNACULAR NAMES. * Abergubber Almor-ira Amulla Apple of Sodom . . Ar-roo-in . . Arrong Boolally . . Bpa Burry Bootharoo Boxthorn ... Black Walnut Beech Bluebush . . Buku Bullabulla Bara Bally Gum Bell-fruit . . Booral Bnrthargona Bumbar . . •Calobra . . Cape Gooseberry . . Cheedingnan Cullonen .. Candle-wood Cat’s Moustache . . Chilli Cock’s-comb Chalagar . . Cudgerie . . Devil’s-claw Dodder Dock Egaie Epumer-an Fat-hen Four-o’clock Fuchsia . . Geebung ... Gingelly Oil Gromwell.. Goitcho ... Gooroombah Gir-irjal ... Goolaway .. Grease-nut Gold-spangled Wood Hedge Nettle Horehound Honeysuckle Page Page ... 1336 Kal-boo-roon-ga. . .. 1065 .. 1063 Kala-dana .. 1058 .. 1156 Kar-Kor . . ... 1060 :.. 1088 Ko-na-ru .. 1180 .. 1342 Koori .. 1087 .. 1342 Kobilo .. .. 1187 Kar-Kar . . .. 1190 .. 1081 Koo-jo .. 1212 .. 1037 Kooloo-loomoo . . .. 1255 .. 1185 Kurroombah .. 1287 .. 1094 Koonjoongaroo . . .. 1298 .. 1302 Koi-ie .. 1302 .. 1178 Koo-roong-gi .. 1307 .. 1242 Koomkabang .. 1342 .. 1181 Koombarra .. 1324 ... 1187 .. 1302 Lamb’s tails .. 1265 ... 1312 Love Apple .. 1077 .. 1267 Lignum . . .. 1276 ... 1324 Lignum Vitce .. 1179 .. 1360 ... 1361 Mad Apple .. 1095 Moonflower .. 1061 .. 1059 Moth Mullein .. 1100 .. 1092 Mo-odo ... .. .. 1175 ... 1296 Mee-Mee . . .. 1154 .. 1178 Moola .. 1187 .. 1310 Molucca Balm . . .. 1198 .. 1189 Marvel of Peru . . .. 1212 .. 1093 Marragiddie .. 1311 .. 1218 Mint .. 1192 .. 1352 Mintie .. 1361 .. 1316 Millai-millai .. 1372 ... 1138 Native Fuchsia . . .. 1168 .. 1076 Niah .. 1351 .. 1275 Nangbro .. .. 1053 .. 1185 ... 1185 Neen-gwan .. 1092 Nanchee .. 1324 Ngalki .. 1175 .. 1242 Nutmeg .. .. 1287 .. 1212 Old-man Salt-bush .. 1246 .. 1163 Oon-doroo .. 1085 .. 1324 Oon-gaary .. 1354 .. 1139 Pal-la-ga .. 1302 ... 1052 Pitcher Plants .. .. 1278 .. 1212 Pituri .. 1097 .. 1287 Peppers .. 1283 . . 1302 Parpoon . . ... 1185 . . 1307 Pomera . . .. 1360 ... 1316 ... 1354 Quirramurrah ... .. 1161 .. 1197 Red Oak . . ... 1351 . 1196 Red Walnut .. 1302 .. 1360 Red-ink Plant . . .. 1267 Tage Edai-ite . . . . . . 1185 Koley-poley . . . . 1259 Red Silky Oak . . . . 1358 Sage 1194 Sapistan ... .. .. 1037 Sebastan . . .. ... 1037 Sweet Potato .. ... 1057 Scented Sandalwood .. 1160 Salt-bush Old-man . . 1246 Stagger- weed 1197 Sassafras .. .. 1308 Silky Oak . . . . 1342 Silky-Oak, A of the North 1354 Silky-Oak, A Southern... 1355 Tiger-claw Tomato . . Turnsole . . Tobacco . . Til Oil Toeah Thurkoo ... Ta-anji .. Tagon Tagon Tchuntchee Till Tooram . . Thorn Apple Taj Tarpoon . . Tezpat tajpat Tuggan Tuggan . . Tulip-flower Tchoomeroo .. 1138 .. 1077 .. 1042 .. 1095 .. 1139 .. 1178 .. 1183 .. 1182 .. 1185 .. 1185 .. 1305 .. 1308 .. 1095 ... 1309 .. 1321 .. 1309 .. 1342 ... 1355 .. 1360 Unicorn Plant ... .. 1138 Walno-jo.. ... 1061 Walnut . . .. 1302 Weir .. 1059 White Mangrove .. 1185 Water pepper .. 1271 Wonda . . .. 1291 Woody Pear ... 1331 Wilier .. 1342 White Silky Oak . . 1355 Wallum .. 1361 Yackahber .. 1367 Yel .. 1176 New York Botanical Garden Library QK 443 .B315 pt.4 gen Bailey F. M./The Queensland flora : wit II 3 5185 00167 3514