MEMOIRS

OFTHK

CAKNEGIE MUSEUM.

VOL. VI. NO. 4.

RECORD OF THE FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

By David Starr Jordan and William Francis Thompson.

(Plates XXIV-XLII.)

The senior author spent the summer and autumn of 1911 in Japan and
Korea in the interest of International Conciliation under the auspices of the World
Peace Foundation.

His naturalist friends in Japan at once began to make collections of fishes for
him, at the same time cheerfully assisting him in his efforts to study the fishes in
the scant leisure which his other occupations allowed. A large collection was
obtained and through the courtesy of Mr. Asano and Mr. Shiraishi of the Toyo
Kisen Kaisha delivered without charge in California. About three hundred and
ninety species were obtained in Japan. This collection which forms the subject
of this paper is shared between the Carnegie Museum at Pittsburgh, and Stanford
University. The types are in the former institution, as the new species are pub-
lished under its auspices.

The collection consists of the following:

1. A large collection made by Mr. Alan Owston of Yokohama, covering various
localities in Japan, the most valuable materials being dredged by him in his steamer,
the " Golden Hind." Many valuable specimens from Mr. Owston's collections were
obtained by Jordan and Snyder in 1900. Other new species obtained from him
have been described by Mr. Shigeho Tanaka, and by naturalists in Europe.

2. A collection made at Misaki by Mr. Kumakichi Aoki, fisherman at the

Seaside Laboratory of the Imperial University of Tokyo, under the direction of

205

206 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Professor Ijima. Mr. Aoki is the most accomplished collector of fishes in Japan,
and his services to Jordan and Snyder in 1900 were invaluable.

3. Collections made by Dr. Jordan assisted by Mr. M. Sagimoto, director of
the Zakoba market in Osaka, and by a former student, Mr. Michitaro Sindo, in
Kobe. These collections were mostly from Osaka, partly from the Yodo River,
and partly from the deep-water nets of the trawling fleet, which operates in the
Straits of Tsushima between Shimonoseki and Fusan.

4. Collections made by Dr. Jordan at Matsubara on Lake Biwa with the aid
of Mr. Kogetsuko Nakagawa, a local fisherman.

5. Collections made about Nagoya by Mr. Kingsbury, principal of a mission-
school, and his pupils.

6. Collections made about Okayama by Mr. K. Kusano and Mr. Y. Otaki.

7. A collection made by a former student of Dr. Jordan, Mr. Yoshiro Manabe,
teacher of science in the Kwansei Gakuin (college) at Kobe.

8. Collections made by Dr. Jordan about Sendai and Matsushima Bay with
the aid of Mr. T. Takamura of the Sendai Museum.

9. Collections made by Dr. Jordan and Mr. Manabe at the island of Awaji
near Kobe.

10. Collections made by Dr. Jordan in the markets of Tokyo, Yokohama, and
Shimonoseki.

Of these collections those obtained through the help of Mr. Owston and of
Mr. Aoki are vastly more important than the others.

A few species seen and here recorded were for one reason or another not secured
in the collection. The following are described as either generically or specifically
new:

Alepocephalus umbriceps, No. 6030. : Cephalopholis boninius, No. 6038.

Nansenia ardesiaca, No. 6023. (Franzia) nobilis, No. 6452.
Gnathopogon ishikawce, No. 6029, Cotypes. Franzia ardens, No. 6451,

Acheilognathus tabira, No. 6007, Xyrichthys sciistius, No. 6028,

Acheilognathus morioko?, Sebastodes owstoni, No. 6026,

(Metzia)* mesembrina, Thysanichthys evides, No. 6019,

Acanthorhodeus atremiuus, Careproctus burkei, No. 6457,

Acanthorhodeus sciosemus, Careproctus gilberti, No. 6456,

Rhodeus kurumeus, No. 5011, Chelidonichthys ischyrus, No. 6459,

(Tanakia) oryzo3, Synchiropus ijimce, No. 6015,

1 The numbers following the names of species in this paper are the catalog numbers of the speci-
mens in the Carnegie Museum as supplied by Dr. C. H. Eigenmann {W. J. Holland).
* Generic names in parentheses are new (W. J. Holland).

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 207

Pseudaspius atrilatus, No. 6012, (Calymmichthys) xenicus, No. 6027,

Solenostomus pcegnius, No. 6020, (Spectrunculus) radcliffei, No. 6061.

(Ectenias) brunneus, No. 453, Lycodes tanakce, No. 6004,

(Icticus) ischanus, No. 6036, Coryphcenoides bona-nox, No. 6462,

Amia sialis, No. 6021, (Tarphops) oligolepis, No. 6010.

The following additional species are for the first time recorded from Japan :
Diaphus cceruleus (Klunzinger), No. 6603a-g.
Lutianus quinquelineatus (Bloch), No. 6349a.
Plectorhynchus pica (Cuvier & Valenciennes), No. 6018a,
Chcctodon setifer Bloch, No. 6152a,
Chcetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, No. 6138a,
Tihsvna gibbosa Schmidt, No. 6022a-f,
Ostracion fornasini Bianconi,
Neobythites fasciatus Radcliffe, No. 6206a.

Most of the new figures in this paper are the work of Mr. William Sackston Atkinson.
A few are by Mrs. Anna Brown Nash. Others are reproduced from papers in the
Proceedings of the United States National Museum. We are indebted to Mr.
Charles William Metz for important aid in the determination of species.

Family PETROMYZONID.E.

1. Lampetra mitsukurii Hatta.

Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, 6103a-b.

Family GALEORHINID.E.

2. Mustelus manazo Bleeker.

Shimonoscki.

3. Mustelus griseus Pietschmann.

Osaka, 6358a.

4. Triakis scyllium Miiller & Henle.

Osaka, 6359a.

Family SPHYRNID.K.

5. Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus).

Osaka, 6361a.

Family LAMNID.E.

6. Isuropsis glaucea (Miiller & Henle).

Tokyo Market; two seen, not taken.

208 MEMOIRS OP THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family SQUALID^.
7. Deania eglantina Jordan & Fowler.

.s?f

»3

•"Ttt'iiMiiiiLl ' i^iii ■iiiifnT/,r'a,!?"-

tl ^

Fig. 1. Deania eglantina Jordan & Fowler. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVI, p. 632).

Misaki. A large example, otherwise like the type. Head 4.125 in length,
eye 7. The validity of the genus Deania, which is related to Centrophorus, has
been questioned.

Family NARCOBATIDiE.

8. Narce japonica (Temminck & Schlegel).

Tokyo, No. 6393a.

Family RAJID.E.

9. Raja meerdervoorti Bleeker.

Misaki, Nos. 6173a-b. (Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 5, fig. 3).

10. Raja kenojei Miiller & Henle.

Schinabara, Misaki, No. 6183a.

Family DASYATID^.

11. Urolophus fuscus Garman.

Osaka.

Family DOROSOMATID^.

12. Konosirus punctatus (Temminck & Schlegel).

Nagoya, Nos. 6020a-c; Misaki, No. 6448a.

Family CLUPEID^.

13. Stolephorus japonicus (Houttuyn).

Misaki, Nos. 6248a-g.

14. Harengula zunasi (Bleeker).

Osaka, Nos. 6178a-e.
Adipose eyelid not obsolete; depth 3.4 in length; eye 3.5 in head.

15. Ilisha elongata (Bennett).

Osaka.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 209

Family GONORHYNCHID.E.

16. Gonorhynchus abbreviatus Temminck & Schlegel.

Misaki, No. 6033a, the third specimen known. 240 mm. in length; identical
with the one described by Jordan & Herre.

Compared with Gonorhynchus gonorhynchus from Port Jackson, Australia,
the eye is larger, the head longer, the depth greater, the pectoral longer, and there
is one ray less in dorsal and anal. Head 4.25 in body; depth 7.5; D. 11; A. 8.
Eye 4 in head, snout 2.5; interorbital 4; pectoral 5 in body. Scales 162-42. In
G. gonorhynchus, the head is 4.66 in length, the depth 8.66. D. 12; A. 9. Scales
161-48.

Family ALEPOCEPHALID^.

17. Alepocephalus umbriceps sp. nov. (Plate XXIV, fig. 1.)

A single specimen from Aomori. 270 mm. in total length. Type No. 6030a,
Catalog of Fishes, Carnegie Museum.

Head 2.75 to base of caudal; depth at pectorals 5.33; eye equal to snout,
4 in head; maxillary 2.66; D. 17; A. 17; P. 11; branchiostegals 7; 65 pores in lateral
line.

Head very large, nearly as deep as body, which is deepest at pectorals;
bony interorbital space, 6.5 in head; postorbital length of head equal to half its
whole length; maxillary ending under center of eye; jaws equal; teeth in single
series on premaxillaries, of small size, not canine-like; a row of very delicate and
minute teeth on lower edge of maxilla, not visible to naked eye as teeth; close-set
cardiform series in lower jaw of same size as those on premaxillaries; palatines ridge-
like, set on edge with narrow band of similar teeth; gill-rakers 7 + 19, longest one-
third diameter of eye.

Dorsal inserted over anus, which is midway between edge of opercle and
base of middle caudal ray, and its base 2.5 in head; caudal forked, central rays half
length of longest, tenth or eleventh ray longest, counting rudimentary rays from
either edge; each edge continued on caudal peduncle by a thin fold of skin half-way
to last dorsal and anal rays; anal inserted under third or fourth dorsal ray, and termi-
nating a quarter of the length of the eye behind last dorsal ray; both anal and dorsal
on fleshy bases; ventral inserted nearly midway between pectoral and anal insertion,
its length slightly greater than diameter of eye; pectoral small, 2.8 in head.

Scales imbricate, deciduous, bases narrower than tips, sides straight; con-
centric lamellae distinctly visible to naked eye; scales present on bases of vertical
fins; head entirely scaleless, covered with loose skin.

Color of head dense black, each scale of body tipped with black; all fins
black; mouth-cavity and peritoneum black.

210 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family MICROSTOMATID.E.
18. Nansenia ardesiaca Jordan & Thompson, sp. nov. (Plate XXIV, fig. 2.)
(Nansenia groenlandica Tanaka, non Reinhardt.)
This species is well figured by Tanaka.

Description of a specimen (No. 6023a) 190 mm. in total length, taken in
three hundred and fifty fathoms at Okinose, in Sagami Bay, Alan Owston collection:
Head 4.5 in body, 5 in total length; body-depth 8 in body-length; eye 2.33 in
head; snout 6.5; maxillary 4.5; interorbital space 4; dorsal rays 10; anal 10; pec-
toral 12; ventral 12; scales in lateral line 55 (five of which are on caudal) ; from center
of breast to middorsal line 8 (counting lateral line); gill-rakers 12 + 25.

Body elongate, subcylindrical, greatest depth from between posterior margin
of eye to insertion of dorsal fin; caudal peduncle half this depth. Eyes very large,
projecting somewhat above dorsal profile of head and approaching ventral profile;
snout very short and blunt; lower jaw somewhat projecting; mouth opening ob-
liquely; line of maxillary approaching vertical; maxillary covered by anterior end
of pre-orbital, reaching slightly behind anterior margin of eye; teeth small, conical,
in a single rather thick-set row in each jaw, none enlarged or canine-like; vomer and
palatines toothless; interorbital space broad, concave; suborbital and opercular
bones thin and flexible; latter with emargination above angle, leaving open passage
to gill-cavity.

Dorsal fin inserted slightly before middle of distance between snout and base
of caudal, its base half the length of the fourth ray, which is equal to the distance
from the tip of snout to posterior border of eye; ventrals inserted slightly behind
last dorsal ray, length equal to fourth dorsal ray; anal inserted nearer caudal base
than tips of ventrals, longest ray less than diameter of eye; pectorals narrow, first
and twelfth rays simple, others branched, longest ray 1.75 in head; adipose fin
small, inserted above posterior half of anal fin, its length 2.33 in eye. Caudal 1.5
in head, forked, but not deeply.

Scales large, thin, loosely attached; base of scales coarsely serrate, each basal
radius projecting; circuli parallel to serrated edges, forming acute angles to cor-
respond to teeth of base; circuli very fine and numerous. Tube of lateral line very
large, its breadth a fourth of that of its scales; pores large, single; lateral line con-
tinued beyond base of caudal as an appendage formed of six or seven successive
scales and attached only at the base to caudal ray. Lateral line tube continued
over dorsal surface of head to snout, over the occiput and along lower margin of eye.

Color brilliant silvery; dusky on snout, jaws, opercular plate, and bases of
caudal and ventrals; scales of a bright, silvery appearance. Along the center of

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 211

the back from the occiput to the insertion of the dorsal is a rather firm rod of tissue
immediately below the skin. Having but the single specimen, we are unwilling to
dissect it to ascertain the nature of this structure.

This is probably distinct from Nansenia grcenlandica described from a single
specimen from Greenland, but Rcinhardt's scanty account indicates no certain
difference.

Family SALMONID.E.

19. Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 9, fig. 8).
Sendai.

A breeding male, weighing 8 pounds; greenish, side silvery, barred with dirty
crimson; no spots; top of dorsal black; A. 14, D. 12 or 13. Gill-rakers 10+13.
Scales 130. Pyloric caeca about 100. Flesh orange, rather soft, becoming pale
and mushy when cooked, palatable, but, at the best, much inferior to that of the
Masu.

This species, the Dog Salmon or Calico Salmon of Alaska, is the large salmon
or Sake of Japan. It is very extensively salted, the flesh when salted being quite
red. It ranges southward as far as the Tonegawa, north of Tokyo. No specimen
in the Carnegie Museum.

20. Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort). (Plate XXIV, fig. 3.)
(Salmo macrostomus Gtinther).

Lake Biwa, Sendai, Lake Chuzenji (planted in latter locality). No. 6002a.

The Masu, the young being called Yamame or Yamabe, is a species close to the
Silver Salmon (O. kisutch) of Alaska. It is common as far south as Lake Biwa, and
is sometimes landlocked,- as in Lake Chuzenji, where it has been artifically intro-
duced. This is a true Oncorhynchus, all its individuals dying after spawning.
There is no true trout, that is, no species of Salmo, native in Japan.

The salmon called Oncorhynchus yessoensis is not known to the Japanese
Bureau of Fisheries and is probably not different from O. masou. 0. kisutch is not
certainly known from Japan, the specimens thus far called by that name being
O. masou. Mr. Tokishiro Koshida of the Bureau of Fisheries informs us that the
king Salmon, Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, known as " Masunosuke," or Lord of the
Salmon, is found in Nemuro and occasionally as far south as Hakodate.

The " Benimasu " or Red Salmon, Oncorhynch us nerka, is common in Nemuro
and landlocked in the lakes of that region. Oncorhynchus unison is known in
Lake Chuzenji as " Hinemasu." It was introduced there from Akita, and has
become landlocked.

212 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Gill-rakers long, 9+15 to 18; scales 133. A. 14; D. 13; vomer with seven or
eight sharp teeth.

Color olive, sides silvery; back with two or three irregular rows of brown spots,
a few on dorsal, some at base, some on upper part of caudal, none on adipose fin.
The sides turn red in fall.

Another specimen, a male, somewhat hook-nosed. A. 14, besides rudiments.
Gill-rakers 8+17. Caudal forked; tip of dorsal paler, not black. Adipose fin
large. Unspotted bases of fins dark. Dorsal and caudal with some black spots;
back with spots; spots along base of dorsal; pyloric caeca few, not over forty to fifty.
Weight three or four pounds.

21. Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck & Schlegel.

(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. IV, p. 167, fig. 3; I. c. Vol. VI, p. 10, fig. 9).
Matsushima, Nos. 6257a-b; Okayama, Nos. 6101a-g; Lake Biwa at Matsubara,
Nos. 6409a-f ; Yodo River, near Osaka, Nos. 6315a-c.

Family SALANGID^E.

22. Salanx microdon Bleeker.
Matsushima Bay, Nos. 6065a-f.
Depth eight to eleven inches in length.

Family AULOPIDiE.

23. Aulopus japonicus Gunther. (Plate XL, fig. 1).
Misaki, No. 6461.

Family SYNODONTID^.

24. Saurida argyrophanes (Richardson).

Osaka, Nos. 6332a-c; three specimens, the longest being 250 mm. in length,
as long as the types of Saurida eso. Scales 47-54. Misaki, Nos. 6306a-b; Shi-
monoseki, No. 6194a.

25. Saurida eso Jordan & Herre.

(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 12, fig. 12).

Osaka, No. 6323a. Length 264 mm. Scales 63. In S. argyrophanes, the
scales are always larger. Shimonoseki, No. 6162a.

26. Synodus japonicus (Houttuyn).
Kobe, No. 6085a.

27. Trachinocephalus myops (Forster).

Kobe, Nos. 6231a-b; Misaki, Nos. 6193a-b.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 213

Family MYCTOPHID^.
The Japanese species of this family are described in a preceding paper by
Professor Gilbert. The following were obtained by us from Mr. Owston's dredgings
with the " Golden Hind."

28. Dasyscopelus orientalis Gilbert.

(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, PL XI, fig. 1).
Misaki, No. 4613 type, 4614a-z, 4615; 4616.

29. Diaphus gigas Gilbert.

(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, PL XII, fig. 2).
Sagami Bay, No. 4602a.

30. Diaphus caeruleus (Klunzinger).
Sagami Bay, Nos. 4603a-g.

31. Diaphus latus Gilbert.

(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, PL XIII, fig. 1).
Sagami Bay, No. 4604 type, 4605a-d.

32. Diaphus sagamiensis Gilbert.

(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, PL XIII, fig. 2).
Sagami Bay, No. 4608 type, 4609a-c.

Family SILURID^.

33. Parasilurus asotus (Linnaeus).

(Mem. Cam. Mus, Vol. IV, fig. 4, p. 168; I. c. Vol. VI, fig. 13, p. 12).
Okayama, Tama River, near Tokyo, Nos. 6440a-b; Lake Biwa, Nos. 6291a-e.

34. Liobagrus reini Hilgendorf.

Lake Biwa at Matsubara, No. 6125.

Fig. 2. Liobagrus reini Hilgendorf. (From Proo. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVI, p. 910).

Depth 6 in total; eye 4 in interorbital ; spines of fins not half length of soft rays.
5. Fluvidraco nudiceps (Sauvage).

Lake Biwa at Matsubara. Nos. 6275a-b. Young piebald; fins dark; a white
caudal spot.

214 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

36. Pseudobagrus aurantiacus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Near Tokyo, No. 6422a.

Family PLOTOSID.^.

37. Plotosus anguillaris Lacepede.

Misaki, 6222a-b, 6352 many; Goto Islands, 6421a.

Family COBITIDiE.

38. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cantor).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 14, fig. 15).

Nagoya; Yodo River, at Osaka 6284 many; Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, Nos.
6080a-b.

39. Hymenophysa curta (Temminck & Schlegel).

Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, No. 6097a. Body with eight transverse black bars,
the first on the occiput; two others on the caudal; those on the body broadest
above and fading out entirely on the ventral region; fifth bar continuous with
black base of dorsal; a light bar across dorsal fin, the fin otherwise black with a
clear edge; anal with a black submarginal shade. Caudal with two dark cross-
bars, the first across its base, with a central blotch; each lobe tipped with black.
The colors in life have not hitherto been fully described.

40. Cobitis taenia Linnaeus.

Okayama, Nos. 6112a-c. Nos. 6096a-f, Lake Biwa.

The Japanese species, if distinct from the European C. taenia, is Cobitis biwce
Jordan & Snyder.

Family CYPRINID^.

41. Hemibarbus barbus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Matsubara, on Lake Biwa, No. 6232a.

42. Pseudogobio esocinus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, Nos. 6399a-b, Okayama.

43. Sarcocheilichthys variegatus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, No. 6333 many.

44. Gnathopogon gracilis (Temminck & Schlegel).
(Leucogobio biwce Jordan & Snyder.)

Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, No. 6064a.

The genus Gnathopogon of Bleeker is identical with Squalidus of Dybowsky and
Leucogobio of Gimther, both later names. Leucogobio biwce seems to be the same
as Capoeta gracilis of Schlegel, which, according to Schlegel's figures and description,

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

215

has the depth 5.5 in length to fork of caudal, the barbel a little longer than in G.
elongatus, the pectorals extending nearly to the ventrals, the vent well-removed
from the anal fin, and the scales 4-35-5.

Fig. 3.
PL IX, fig. 1)

Gnathopogon gracilis (Temminck & Schlegel). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIII,

45. Gnathopogon elongatus (Temminck & Schlegel).
(Leucogobio giintheri Ishikawa).

Lake Biwa, at Matsubara; Nagoya; No. 6161 many, Yodo River, at Osaka.

The specimens from Lake Biwa, described as Leucogobio giintheri by Jordan
and Fowler, correspond entirely to Professor Ishikawa's account of the species.
The Capoeta elongata of Schlegel is certainly the same, agreeing in the deep caudal
peduncle and the short pectoral, not extending half way to ventrals. Depth 4 in
body; barbel long; scales thirty-eight.

46. Gnathopogon mayedae (Jordan & Snyder).
(Leucogobio mayedce Jordan & Snyder).

Fig. 4. Gnathopogon mayedos (Jordan & Snyder). (From Proc. U. 8. N. M., Vol. XXVI, p. 828).

Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, No. 6134a. The males bear an overgrowth about
the mouth, placed as are the tubercles in Acheilognathus.
47. Gnathopogon ishikawae sp. nov. (Plate XXIV, fig. 4).

The description is of type and retypes, Nos. 6014-c, C. M., altogether fifteen
in number from the Chikugo River at Kurume, collected by Jordan and Snyder in

216 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

1900, the largest breeding female, sixty-three millimeters in total length, being taken
as the type.

Head 3.14 in length of body to base of caudal (50 mm.) ; depth equal to head;
D. Ill, 7; A. II, 6; scales in lateral line 34; in transverse series between insertions of
vertical fins 3.5-2.5; pharyngeal teeth 5, 2-2, 5.

Snout slightly longer than eye, which is 3.75 in head; tip of premaxillaries at,
or below, level of lower margin of orbit ; mouth but little oblique ; barbel long, one-
half to two-thirds diameter of eye, its base under the posterior nostril; maxillary
ending under the anterior margin of the eye; distance from snout to occiput 5
in body length; gill-rakers very short and soft, 2 or 3 on each limb of first arch;
pharyngeal teeth smooth, unserrated, the tips bent toward the lateral surface of each
tooth, a grinding surface present; breadth of body more than half its depth, which
is greatest at the insertion of the dorsal and slopes evenly to the rather deep caudal
peduncle, the length of which is contained 1.33 in head and its depth 2.5 in head.

Dorsal inserted, as in all known species of the genus, nearer the snout than
the base of the caudal by the length of the former; its margin straight, each ray
extending beyond the following one when supine, the first branched ray the longest,
1.12 in head; anal inserted under twenty-second scale of lateral line and beyond tip
of dorsal rays, its margin straight, the tips coinciding when supine, extending more
than half the distance between last anal ray and the first of the caudal, the length
of the longest ray 1.6 in the head; pectorals extending more than two-thirds of the
distance to the base of the ventrals, failing to reach them by the diameter of the
pupil, their length nearly equal to the distance between the snout and the occiput;
ventrals reaching anus, their length less than that of the pectorals by hah the
diameter of the pupil, the anus removed from the first anal ray by two-thirds the
diameter of the eye, and by two and one-half scales; caudal nearly equal to length
of head.

Lateral line but slightly decurved, complete; scales of middle line of back
much enlarged, especially behind the dorsal, where they are slightly over twice the
diameter of those on either side of them; before the dorsal there are three rows
between the central row and the lateral line, while behind the dorsal there are two.

Color-pattern lacking, save for a spot of dark at the base of the first dorsal
rays; space above the lateral line with irregular spots the size of the scales, the edges
of which are occasionally pigmented ; scales of the lateral line in the type pigmented
where overlapped by the preceding scales; an indistinct dark line or stripe along
side behind dorsal, continued anteriorly in an unpigmented space; caudal spot
lacking; peritoneum silvery, with small spots of black.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 217

This species is most closely related to Gnathopogon mayedce, from which it
may be at once differentiated by the longer barbel and the extension, when supine,
of the anal rays, more than half-way from the last anal ray to the first caudal ray.
Other differences are the scales enlarged in the middle line of the back, the presence
of one more series of scales above the lateral line, the slightly shorter distance from
the tip of the snout to the occiput, the longer ventrals, and deeper caudal peduncle.

Among the cotypes are both males and females, with ripe gonads. The male is
distinguished from the females by the presence of a smooth overgrowth on the front
and sides of the snout. The eggs are small, as in others of the genus, being about
half a millimeter in diameter. As the female, which was taken as the type, is the
most strongly pigmented of any of the specimens, it is probable that the males are
not, as a rule, colored more highly than the females.

Among the specimens recorded by Jordan and Snyder from Lake Biwa as
Leucogobio mayedce. there are a number of specimens of this species, all of them very
small. Nos. 6009a-c Lake Biwa.

This species is named for Professor Chiyomatsu Ishikawa, of the Imperial
University of Tokyo, who early studied the fishes of Lake Biwa.

Key to Japanese Species of Gnathopogon.
a. Anus distant but the breadth of one scale from first anal ray; pectoral extending less than two-thirds
of distance to ventrals; gill-rakers numerous, 4 + 9 or 10; body-depth 4.

b. Caudal peduncle deep, 8.5 in body; barbel long, three-fifths of diameter of eye; scales 36 to 38;

pharyngeal teeth only occasionally and slightly serrate elongatus.

bb. Caudal peduncle slender, about 10 in body; barbel short, one-fourth of diameter of pupil; scales

42; pharyngeal teeth constantly and strongly serrate on grinding surface Jordan i.

aa. Anus distant at least 2.5 scales from first anal ray (two-thirds of eye); pectoral extending more than
two-thirds distance to ventrals; gill-rakers short and rudimentary, 3 or 4+4, lacking anteriorly.

c. Depth 4 in body; anus 2.5 scales (two-thirds diameter of eye) distant from first anal ray.

d. Scales in middle line of back enlarged; rows between lateral line and dorsal 3.5; anal rays
extending over half-way from base of last to first caudal rays; maxillary not reaching

beyond orbit, its barbel under nostril; barbel two-thirds of eye ishikaivce.

dd. Scales in middle line of back not enlarged; rows between lateral line and dorsal 4.5; anal
rays not extending half-way to first caudal rays; maxillary reaching beyond orbit; its

barbel short, less than pupil mayedce.

cc. Depth 6 in body-length; anus distant the breadth of 4.5 scales (1.16 times diameter of eye) from
insertion of anal fin; 5 scales above lateral line; barbel one-half diameter of eye; scales in
middle line of back but slightly enlarged gracilis.

48. Acheilognathus rhombeus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, No. 6327 many.

Capoeta rhombea Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 205, pi. C, fig. 6; near Nagasaki.
Acheilognathus rhombeus Bleeker, Prodr. Cypr., 1, 1S60, p. 255.

218 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Paraeheilognathus rhombeus Bleeker, Atl. Ichthyol. Cypr., 1S63, p. 33.

Achilognathus rhombeus Gunther, Cat. Fish., VII, 1868, p. 279; Nagasaki, from one of Schlegel's types;

Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 12; Tokyo, Lake Biwa, Yamashiro.
Paraeheilognathus rhombea Jordan and Fowler, Proc. U. S. N. Mus., Vol. XXVI, 1903, p. 815, Lake Biwa,

Yodo River, Chikugo River, Funayado; Lake Yogo, Tanaka, Ann. Zool. Jap., VII, Part. 1, 190S,

p. 2; Lake Biwa, at Katata and Iba.
Acheilognathus rhombeum Jordan & Snyder, Proe. U. S. N. M., XXIII, 1901, p. 343; Lake Biwa.
Achilognathus steenackeri Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom., Paris, 1883, p. 3; Lake Biwa.

Apparently the genus Paraeheilognathus Bleeker, of which this species is type,
characterized by the plicate teeth and the long dorsal, cannot be separated from
Acheilognathus. The species of this genus, very numerous in Japan and China, are
much alike in appearance and have been the object of much confusion.

This species is here described from numerous specimens from Lake Biwa and
Chikugo, the longest 11.5 cm. in total length. These are in part those of Jordan and
Fowler (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXVI, p. 815).

Depth 2.5 to 2.12 in body-length; D. Ill, 12 (11 to 14); A. II, 10 (9 or 10);
scales in lateral line thirty-five to thirty-eight, in transverse series between insertion
of vertical fins 6/5 or /6; pharyngeal teeth 5-5.

Head 4 in body-length; snout 3.56 in head; mouth horizontal, tip of pre-
maxillaries level with lower edge of orbit; profile of snout arched at nostrils, that
of occiput strongly depressed in adults; eye equal to snout or somewhat less; barbels
very short, at most, eight times in eye; gill-rakers 4+llon first arch, equal in length
to barbels; pharyngeal teeth folded or plicate on the lower lateral face of each in a
transverse direction, not truly serrate, with narrow grinding surface and hooked
tip; depth of caudal peduncle slightly more than half the length of head, its length
1.25 in head.

Dorsal inserted midway between snout and base of caudal, its base 1.12 times
length of head, its height nearly equal to head; outline of fin rounded, first rays
not extending beyond base of last when supine; anal inserted under sixth branched
dorsal ray, its base 1.5 in that of the dorsal, its height 1.5 in head, margin rounded,
first rays not extending beyond base of last; pectorals and ventrals 1.5 in head.

Body dark above, especially on line of back; a blue-black stripe as wide as pupil
arising abruptly at fourth scale from last in lateral line and extending forward to
below first branched rays of dorsal; a blue-black spot just behind and above angle
of opercle nearly as large as eye. Dorsal fin-rays with a white spot on each, half-
way to tip, the membranes marked with a corresponding blue-black blotch, just
behind white parts of rays; often a second row of white spots on rays distal to the
others and separated by darker spaces, giving the appearance of two fine stripes;

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 219

anal similar; caudal dark; paired fins clear; peritoneum black; pharyngeal teeth
with pigmented covering save on grinding surfaces.

The males of this species differ in no way from the females, save in a darker
belly and the presence of tubercles on the snout, and in two patches which are
separated from the large tuberculated area before the eyes by a deep fold. The
extent of the patches is larger than in most of the other species, but very variable
according to the breeding season.
49. Acheilognathus longipinnis Regan.

Acheilognalhus longipinnis Regan, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1905, p. 364; Lake Biwa (Yamasabu River),
Nagoya.

Nos. 6418a-b, Nagoya.

The following is a description of five specimens, four of them males, the longest
87 mm. in total length, from Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, collected by Dr. Jordan in
1911:

Depth 2.16 in body-length to base of caudal; D. Ill, 15; A. II, 14 or 15; scales
in lateral line 36, in transverse series 6/6 (between insertions of vertical fins);
pharyngeal teeth 5-5.

Head 4 in body-length; snout 4 in head, very short in appearance and with its
dorsal profile strongly arched; dorsal profile of head depressed at occiput; caudal
peduncle short, its length from last anal ray to last vertebra equal to length of head
without snout, or 1.4 in head; its depth 2 in head; tip of the premaxillaries at, or
below, the level of the lower edge of the pupil; mouth more oblique than usual, due
to the short snout; eye longer than snout, 3 in head; barbel absent; gill-rakers 3 + 13
on first arch, comparatively long, and not much shorter anteriorly than posteriorly ;
pharyngeal teeth plicate transversely on the lower lateral surface of each tooth, the
narrow grinding edge not serrate, tip hooked.

Dorsal fin inserted midway between tip of snout and base of caudal peduncle ;
third and longest dorsal ray 1.1 in head; margin of fin straight or slightly rounded,
its base 2.86 in body-length; anal fin inserted under fifth or sixth dorsal ray, its
margin somewhat falcate, its base 3.5 in body-length, its last ray reaching half the
distance between its own base and that of the first caudal rays; pectorals reaching
base of ventrals, equal to length of caudal peduncle; ventrals extending slightly
beyond first anal ray, their length contained 1.33 in head.

Color of specimens preserved in formalin very pale, somewhat darker above the
lateral line, especially in the case of the female, the line of back darkest; no lateral
stripe, or shoulder spot; dorsal fin with two black lines running longitudinally along
the center of the fin, alternating with pale lines, the margins of the fins in the males

220 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

with a narrow margin of intense blue-black; anal similarly colored, but with a
broader margin of black and more distinct stripes of black and white; pectorals,
ventrals, and caudal in female but slightly pigmented, the ventrals in the males
of an intense black with the outer rays white; the belly of the males black from throat
to anal fin, including the base of the pectorals, the area sharply separated from the
colorless area above.

The males of this species differ from the females in color as shown above and
also in the possession of paired tuberculated areas on the tip of the snout and an
area with slightly smaller tubercles on the dorsal surface of the snout between the
nostrils and above the anterior edge of the orbit.

The fact that this species does not possess a barbel does not exclude it from this
genus, because Acheilognathus cyanostigma Jordan & Fowler possesses the merest
rudiment. All of the group with plicate pharyngeal teeth possess very small
barbels.
50. Acheilognathus tabira sp. nov. (Plate XXV, fig. 1).

Acheilognathus limbata Jordan & Fowler, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXVI, 1903, p. 818, Lake Biwa at Matsubara
and Karasaki, and Lake Yogo; (not of specimens from Morioka, and not of Schlegel) Tanaka, Ann.
Zool. Jap., VII, Part 1, 1908, Iba, Matsubara, and Kihama.

The types of this species are the original of the description of Acheilognathus
limbata Jordan & Fowler, although the specimens utilized by them were mingled
with A. moriokce Jordan & Thompson. They are now in the collection of Stanford
University.

Described from numerous specimens No. 6007a type, No. 6016, forty specimens
from Lake Biwa at Matsubara, collected by Dr. Jordan in 1911 and by Jordan and
Snyder in 1900, ranging in length from very young to 85 mm. in total length.

Depth 3.12 in body-length; D. Ill, 9 or 10; A. II, 9 or 10; scales in lateral line
thirty-six or thirty-seven, in transverse series from first rays of vertical fins 6/5;
pharyngeal teeth 5-5 (occasionally 6-5 or 5-6).

Head 4 in body-length; snout 3.66 in head; mouth very oblique, anterior edge
of premaxillaries slightly above lower margin of pupil, the region of the articulation
of the mandible prominent; profile of snout arched above nostrils, not at tip of
snout, which it does not overhang; eye large; gill-rakers 2+7; pharyngeal teeth
hooked, with narrow grinding surface, some of them always serrated or folded on
the lower lateral surface, although all are not usually so; lateral line complete;
barbel very minute, fine of texture, less than one-fourth diameter of eye in length;
caudal peduncle slightly more than twice in head, its length 1.25; breadth of body
2 in head.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 221

Dorsal inserted nearly midway between snout and base of caudal, its base 1.2
in head, its height (first rays) 1.5, these when depressed just reaching base of last
ray; anal inserted under last dorsal rays, its base 1.5 in head, its margin nearly
straight, tips of first rays not reaching base of last; height of first rays 1.66 in head;
ventrals as long as anal rays, inserted under first dorsal ray; pectorals 1.25 in head.

Color plain, save for a blue-black lateral stripe along center of caudal peduncle,
nearly half as wide as pupil, tapering to a point under center of dorsal, its broadest
part on caudal peduncle, not reaching caudal; a sharply margined blue-black
shoulder spot as large as pupil; dorsal with two clear stripes half way up the rays,
alternating dark, the margin being dusky; anal similar; other fins colorless, save the
dusky caudal; peritoneum black.

This species is very hard to distinguish superficially from Acheilognathus
moriokce, from which it differs in more oblique mouth, less falcate anal fin, larger
eye, and less strongly marked coloration. The most striking difference is in the
plication of the teeth.

All the males of this species in hand have lesser depth than the females; anal
black, edged with white, ventrals black, the first two rays white; and the ventral
surface of the belly black or pigmented.

Our only specimen from Okayama, a male, has a shorter caudal peduncle and
smaller eye than any of our examples from Lake Biwa, and is much paler in color.
One specimen from Nagoya has a similar caudal peduncle, but is in other respects
similar to specimens from Lake Biwa.

" Tabira " is a vernacular name for these fishes about Lake Biwa.

51. Acheilognathus cyanostigma Jordan & Fowler.
Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, Nos. 6063a-d.

Acheilognathus cyanostigma Jordan & Fowler, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, 1903, p. 820, Fig. 2; Lake
Biwa, at Matsubara, and Lake Yogo, in Mino.— Tanaka, Ann. Zool. Jap., VII, Part 1, 1908, p. 3;
Matsubara, on Lake Biwa.

The following is a description of the type and cotypes of this species in the
ichthyological collection of Stanford University, with numerous other specimens
from Matsubara, Lake Biwa.

Depth 3.33 in body-length to base of caudal; D. Ill, 8; A. Ill, 8 or 9; scales in
lateral line 38, in transverse series between insertions of vertical fins 6/4; pharyngeal
teeth 5-5.

Head 4; snout 3.7 in head; anterior edge of premaxillaries level with lower edge
of pupil; mouth horizontal; gill-rakers 2 + 8, longest at angle, short and thick;
pharyngeal teeth hooked, plicate on lower surfaces, usually a narrow grinding sur-

222 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

face; lateral line complete; barbel nearly obsolete, but present as a knob on end
of maxillary; caudal peduncle slightly longer than usual, 4 in body-length, its
depth 10 in body-length.

Dorsal inserted nearly midway between snout and base of caudal, its base 1.5
in head, its height 1.5; anal inserted under sixth branched ray of dorsal, its base 2

Fig. 5. Acheilognathus cyanostigma Jordan & Fowler. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVI,

p. S21).

in head, its height 1.66; its margin straight ; pectoral 2 in body-depth; ventral equal
to pectoral, inserted below origin of dorsal.

Color in alcohol plain, save for the lateral stripe of blue-black originating the
width of a scale above the fifth or sixth scale of lateral line in a black spot as large
as pupil and continued parallel to line of back to center of caudal, not reaching
caudal fin; the anterior end of band frequently faint and the initial spot small;
no shoulder spot; dorsal dusky, with a black line on first of distal half of rays, the
black margined above and below by narrow white or clear stripes, the margin of
fin sometimes touched with black; anal similar, but paler in strongly pigmented
forms, with a broad margin of white; ventrals and pectoral clear, the former
occasionally black.

52. Acheilognathus limbatus (Schlegel).

Capoeta limbata Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 203, pi. C, Fig. 5; near Nagasaki.
Achilognathus limbatus Gunther, Cat. Fishes, VII, 1868, p. 277; from one of Schlegel's types.
Acheilognathus shimasui Tanaka, Ann. Zool. Jap., VII, Part 1, 1908, p. 3; Tokiwa, on Lake Biwa.

Among the specimens recorded as. Acheilognathus lanceolatus from Funayado,
Kiusiu, Japan, by Jordan and Fowler, is a third species, evidently identical with
Capoeta limbata Schlegel.

The following description is based upon a specimen 56 mm. in total length,
44 mm. in body-length, and five smaller males and females, the smallest 34 mm. in
body-length.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 223

Depth 2.3 in body-length to last vertebra, D. Ill, 8; A. II, 10 or 11; scales in
lateral line 33, in transverse series between insertions of dorsal and anal 6/4;
pharyngeal teeth 5-5.

Head 4 in body-length; eye 3.12 in head, snout 4, with tubercles in breeding
males; gill-rakers short, 2 + 7; pharyngeal teeth smooth, not plicate, hooked, with
narrow grinding surface, without color; caudal peduncle strongly tapering, its
length 1.3 in head, its depth 2; lateral line complete; barbel long, slightly shorter
than snout.

Dorsal inserted nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, distance from snout
to first ray 1.66 in body; dorsal base slightly less than four-fifths of length of head,
its height 1.5 in head; anal inserted under second branched ray of dorsal, its base
equal to that of dorsal; its height 2 in head, its margin straight; ventrals inserted
before dorsal, their length slightly greater than anal height; pectorals 1.3 in head.

Color plain, without stripes or spots on body, although as a whole darker than
usual and with the line of the back very dark; dorsal margined narrowly with black;
a broad band of white below the margin as wide as pupil, the lower part so shaded
as to form an indistinct dark band below the white; anal dusky, similar to the dorsal,
but stripes less distinct, margin straight; ventrals and pectorals clear; peritoneum
black.

This species is easily distinguished from all others of its genus in Japan by its
greater depth, plain coloration, and fewer number of scales in the lateral line.
53. Acheilognathus intermedius (Temminck & Schlegel).

Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, No. 6258 many.

Capoeta intermedia Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Pisces, 1846, p. 203, PL C, Fig. 4, near Nagasaki.
Acheilognathus intermedius Giinther, Cat. Fishes, VII, 1869, p. 278, alter Schlegel.— Sauvage, Bull. Soc.

Philom., 1883, p. 3; Lake Biwa.— Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1807, p. 12; Tokyo, Yodo River at Kyoto;

Maebara and Matsubara on Lake Biwa.
Acheilognathus melanogaster Bleeker, Act. Soc Sci. Indo. Nederl., Japan, VI, p. 92, pi. 11, fig. 1, Tokyo.—

Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1883, p. 3; Lake Biwa.— Gunther, Cat. Fishes, VII, 1868, p. '-'7s,

Tokyo, from Bleeker's types.— Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., L897, p. 12, Lake Biwa. Owari. — (iiinther, Shore

Fishes. Challenger, Repts., 1880, p. 72; Lake Biwa.
Acheilognathus lanceolate Jordan and Snyder, Proc. V. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1901, p. 344; Lake Biwa.—

Jordan & Fowler, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXVI, 1903, p. Mil; Tsuchitira, ChikugO River, Yodo River.

Lake Biwa, Katata, Lake Yogo, Wakanoura, Owari, Dear Nagoya (nut specimens from Funayado),

This species is here described from very numerous specimens, adult and young,
from Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, in part the collection of Dr. Jordan in 1911, and in
part specimens previously recorded from that locality by earlier authors and now in
the collection of Stanford University. They are the originals of Achettognatiiw
lanceolata Jordan and Fowler.

224 MEMOIES OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Depth 3.33 in body-length to base of caudal; D. Ill, 9; A. II, 10; scales in
lateral line 36 to 39, in transverse series between insertions of dorsal and anal 6/4,
pharyngeal teeth 5-5.

Head 4 in body-length ; eyes 3.57 in head; snout 4; mouth but slightly oblique;
barbel long, somewhat more than half diameter of eye, coarse; gill-rakers 2 + 8;
pharyngeal teeth hooked, smooth, and with narrow grinding surface; caudal
peduncle short, 1.14 in head, its depth 2 in head.

Dorsal inserted nearly midway between snout and base of caudal, its base
1.125 in head, its height 1.33; anal inserted under fifth or sixth branched dorsal
ray, its base 1.33 in head, its height 1.83; its margin straight; pectorals and ventrals
equal, 1.5 in head, the ventrals inserted under first dorsal ray.

Color in alcohol plain, without lateral stripes or spots, except for an indistinct
line along sides of caudal peduncle; dorsal in adult with a broad indistinct bar of
blue-black along the middle of membrane; anal similar, but margined with white;
pectorals clear; ventrals and belly from jaws to middle of anal nearly black in all
the males; peritoneum black.

54. Acheilognathus lanceolatus (Temminck & Schlegel).

Capoeta lanceolata Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1846, p. 202, pi. C, fig. 5, near Nagasaki.

Matsubara, on Lake Biwa.

We give here a description of a female specimen 93 mm. in total length, with
numerous others, male and female, between 56 and 75 mm. in body-length, from
Funayado, Kiusiu, collected by Jordan and Snyder (No. 7359, Stanford University
Collection) :

Depth 3.33 in body-length to last vertebra; D. Ill, 8; A. II, 9; scales in lateral
line 35, in transverse series between insertions of vertical fins 6/4; pharyngeal teeth
5-5.

Head about 4 in body length; eye 3.16 in head; snout slightly longer than di-
ameter of eye; mouth but little oblique; anterior edge of premaxillaries level with
lower edge of pupil; gill-rakers 2+8, slender and short; pharyngeal teeth smooth,
hooked, with narrow grinding surface, and uncolored; barbel long, equal to snout;
lateral line complete; caudal peduncle short, 1.14 in head, measured from last anal
ray, its depth moderate, 2 in head; breadth of body, 2 in head.

Dorsal insertion midway between snout and base of caudal, its base 1.33 in
head, its height 1.5; anal inserted under last dorsal ray. Its base 1.5 in head, its
height the same, its margin straight; ventral 1.83 in head, inserted under first dorsal
ray; pectoral equal to length of base of dorsal.

Color in alcohol plain, save for faint trace of black in a line along sides of caudal;

JORDAN AND THOMPSON! FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 225

dorsal surface of head and line of back dark; belly in males coarsely pigmented,
with colored area sharply limited above, extending over ventral surface of head and
along base of anal; dorsal with black along middle of membrane, but with the rays
uncolored, and pattern frequently obscured by a general heavy pigmentation; anal
narrowly margined with black, otherwise as dorsal; ventrals black, pectorals and
caudal dusky; in many cases fins entirely colorless; peritoneum silvery with black
reticulations.

This species may be distinguished from others by the absence of strongly
marked lateral bands, the long barbels, the number of fin-rays, smooth pharyngeal
teeth, proportions of the fin-bases and the measurements of the caudal peduncle.
The specimens described were recorded as Acheilognathus lanceolata by Jordan and
Fowler. From this species it is differentiated by the possession of one less divided
ray in both the dorsal and anal fins, by the longer barbel, and by the greater average
depth of the caudal peduncle.

55. Acheilognathus moriokae sp. nov. (Plate XXV, fig. 2).

Acheilognathus limbata Jordan & Fowler, Proc. U. S. N. Mus., XXVI, 1903, p. 818, in part. Specimens
from Morioka, on the Kitakama River, and some specimens from Lake Biwa, at Matsubara.

Among the specimens recorded from Morioka by Jordan and Fowler as
Acheilognathus limbata is a species which appears to be new. The type is in the
collection of Stanford University. Cotypes are in the Carnegie Museum.

Description of the type, 95 mm. in total length and 75 mm. in length to base
of the caudal.

Head 4 in body-length; depth of body 2.86; D. Ill, 9; A. II, 8; thirty-seven
scales in lateral line, in transverse series between vertical fins 6/5; pharyngeal
teeth 5-5.

Tip of premaxillaries at level of, or slightly below, lower edge of pupil; snout
slightly overhanging premaxillaries; mouth not very oblique; gill-rakers 2 + 12, of
equal length throughout; pharyngeal teeth smooth, with a narrow grinding surface
and hooked tip; lateral line complete; barbel a quarter of diameter of eye in length,-
or less, somewhat coarse in texture; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in length of head,
its length 1.14 in same, or 4.5 in body-length.

Dorsal inserted midway between tip of snout and base of caudal; its base 1.25
in head; its length 1.5; anal inserted under last dorsal ray, its base 1.7 in head, its
height the same, first branched ray extending beyond base of last ; margin of fin some-
what falcate; ventrals under dorsal insertion, their length equal to anal height; that
of pectorals slightly greater.

A blue-black lateral stripe along sides of caudal, its width over half as wide as

226 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

eye, tapering to a point under first dorsal rays and shortly before base of caudal;
shoulder-spot very indistinct, diffuse, extending posteriorly over five or six scales.
Dorsal slightly margined with black, three narrow white stripes alternating with
dark ones on median part of fin; anal nearly colorless, with traces of white stripes
on middle of rays; other fins colorless. In a cotype the ventral and anal fins are
dusky, but with a clear edge.

Of this species we also have a number of specimens from Lake Biwa, resembling
the type in every respect. It is distinguished from other species by the number of
the fin-rays, short dorsal base, broad lateral stripe, indistinct shoulder-spot, and
short barbel. From Acheilognathus tabira it is distinguished by a less oblique
mouth, serrated pharyngeal teeth, smaller eye, less depth, more falcate anal, the
first developed ray extending always beyond the insertion of the last, and one less
ray in both the dorsal and the anal. In none of our specimens is the shoulder-spot
so distinct as- in Acheilognathus tabira.

A specimen from Funayado, Kiusiu, collected by Jordan and Snyder, is a female
differing from this species by one less ray in the anal, a very short barbel, and shorter
fin-bases. The lateral line is complete, the pharyngeal teeth smooth, with a very
narrow grinding surface.

Key to Japanese species of Acheilognathus.
a. Pharyngeal teeth in part at least plicate transversely on the lower lateral face of each tooth (not
verified in A . brevianalis) ; barbels small or obsolete.
b. Paracheilognathus Bleeker; barbels small.

c. Dorsal fin very long, of fourteen or fifteen developed rays; shoulder-spot present, close
behind opercle; depth 2.25 in length; anal rays nine or ten; dorsal base 3.5 in body; teeth

all plicate rhombeus.

cc. Dorsal fin short, of eight to ten developed rays.

d. Shoulder-spot close behind opercle; depth 2.75 in length; base of dorsal short; teeth not

all plicate, scales thirty-seven; dorsal rays nine or ten; anal rays nine or ten. .tabira.

dd. Shoulder-spot five or six scales behind opercle; dorsal base very short, 5 in length;

scales thirty-nine cyanostigma.

bb. Rhodeops Fowler, barbel wanting.

e. Dorsal with fifteen developed rays; opercular spot wanting; anal rays fourteen or fifteen;

depth 2.125 in length longipinnis.

ee. Dorsal with ten developed rays; anal with ten; depth 2.5; scales thirty-three; no shoulder-
spot; teeth undescribed smithi.

eee. Dorsal with eight developed rays, anal rays seven, depth 3.2 in length; scales thirty-seven;

no shoulder-spot; teeth little plicate (?) brevianalis.

aa. Acheilognathus; pharyngeal teeth all smooth; barbel present, short or long; dorsal short, of about eight
rays.
g. Depth great, 2.33 to 2.125 in body-length; no lateral stripe; barbels long, over half diameter of eye,
and equal to snout; D. Ill, S; A. II, 10 or 11 limbatus.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 227

gg. Depth less, 3.33 to 2.77.

h. Barbels slightly over half diameter of eye; lateral stripe indistinct, or lacking.

i. D. with nine developed rays; A. 10; barbel 1.5 in snout interna dius.

ii. D. 8; A. 9; barbel equal to snout lanceolatw.

hh. Barbels much less than half of eye; lateral stripe indistinct, as wide as pupil of eye. nmrinkii.

Note on Metzia Jordan & Thompson, a New Genus of Cyprinidce, Allied to

Acheilognathus.

The species described by Jordan and Evermann (Proc. U. S. N. Mus., Vol.
XXV, 1902, p. 323), as Acheilognathus mescmbrinus, may be taken as the type of a
new genus, Metzia, characterized by three rows of pharyngeal teeth 1-3-5 on left
side, 1-3-4 on right; lateral line complete, decurved; anal inserted behind last dorsal
ray; maxillary long, extending beyond anterior border of eye; body deep, com-
pressed; peritoneum black; intestine elongate; no barbel. Characters otherwise
as in Acheilognathus. Named for Charles William Metz, assistant in Stanford
University, and associated with the writers in the identification of the fishes of the
collection upon which we are now reporting.
56. Acanthorhodeus atremius sp. nov. (Plate XXV, fig. 3).

The genus Acanthorhodeus Blocker is separated from Rhodeus by the develop-
ment of one of the rudimentary rays of the dorsal as a distinct spine. The Chinese
species of the genus are large fishes, sharply separable from Rhodeus, but the
Japanese species of Acanthorhodeus are scarcely distinct from the other genus.
This may make the mergence of the two groups necessary.

Described from two specimens collected by Jordan & Snyder in the ( 'hikugo
River at Kurume in 1900; both males,4.5 and 5 cm. in total length; type in the
Stanford University Collection: cotype in the Carnegie Museum.

Head 4 in body-length; depth 2.4; eye 2.66 in head; snout 4; length of caudal
peduncle from last anal rays 1.25 in head, its depth 2; dorsal height 1.25; dorsal
base 1.125; anal height 1.5, its base 1.2; D. rays II, 10; A. II, 9 or 10; pharyngeal
teeth 5-5; scales in lateral series, 32, in transverse series between insertions of
vertical fins 11, between occiput and dorsal 16.

Snout not overhanging premaxillaries, its tip level with lower half of pupil;
maxillaries not quite reaching anterior border of orbit; mouth not very oblique;
male with tubercular prominences on snout widely separated and protuberant; a
small tuberculated area above and between eye and nostril; no barbels present;
pharyngeal teeth hooked, with narrow grinding surface occasionally plicate on the
lower side as in Acheilognathus rhombeus; gill-rakers short, 3+6.

Dorsal inserted midwav between snout and base of caudal, its third, or first

228 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

branched ray extending beyond base of last; second ray somewhat spine-like and
strong, its length two-thirds that of succeeding ray; first spine three-fifths of length
of second; outline of fin straight, last ray nearly as long as third; anal similar, save
that its spine is three-quarters of the length of the succeeding ray; its insertion
under fourth branched ray of dorsal; its third ray, when supine, extending beyond
base of its last ray; pectorals reaching beyond base of ventrals, their length 1.2 in
head; ventrals reaching insertion of anal, length slightly less than that of pectorals.

Lateral line continued horizontally, only through first four scales, its lateral
series of scales then dropping sharply towards ventral line of body.

Color-pattern that of Acheilognathus, a lateral blue-black stripe, widest pos-
teriorly where it nearly equals diameter of pupil, and ending abruptly; anteriorly
the stripe narrows, vanishing two or three scales in front of dorsal; an indefinite
shoulder-spot just behind angle of gill-opening, succeeded by a silvery area two
scales wide, another indefinite spot behind this, the whole slightly larger than eye;
line of back very dark; belly pigmented, as is usual in males of this group; dorsal
anteriorly margined with white, posteriorly tipped with black; remainder of fin
dusky, with two faint narrow longitudinal stripes about the middle ; anal similar, but
with white margin continued posteriorly proximal to black tips of rays; stripes on
fin very indistinct, pectorals and ventrals without pattern, latter dark, as is the belly.

This species may be easily distinguished by the broad lateral band of blue-
black and the white margined anal, besides by the depth and the pharyngeal teeth.
57. Acanthorhodeus sciosemus sp. nov. (Plate XXVI, fig. 1).

Described from six females and three males, the longest 4 cm. in total length,
from Chikugo, collacted by Jordan and Snyder in 1900. The type is in the Stanford
University Collection.

Head 3.75 in body-length; depth 2.5; eye 2.75 in head; snout 4.25; length of
caudal peduncle from last anal rays 1.4 in head, its depth 2; dorsal height 1.33;
anal height 1.4. Dorsal rays II, 10; anal rays II, 9 or 10; scales in lateral series 32,
in transverse series, between insertions of vertical fins, 11; pharyngeal teeth 5-5.

Snout not overhanging premaxillaries, its tip level with center of eye; maxillaries
extending to below anterior margin of eye; no barbel present; mouth but slightly
oblique; tuberculated areas on snout of males not prominent in any specimens exam-
ined, nor are patches present before eyes; pharyngeal teeth hooked, with narrow
grinding surface, without serrations or plicate sides; gill-rakers short, 2+4.

Dorsal inserted nearer base of caudal than tip of snout by length of latter;
first branched ray extending beyond base of last, when supine; second ray spine-like
with flexible tip, as long as succeeding ray; first spine half length of second; last ray

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 229

three-fifths length of third; outline of fin straight; anal similar in all respects, its
insertion under fourth branched ray of dorsal; first branched ray barely reaching
base of last one; pectorals 1.33 in head, just reaching base of ventral, latter four-
fifths length of pectorals, and not reaching insertion of anal.

Lateral line present in first four scales, series continuing, dropping sharply
from fourth towards ventral line of body.

A blue-black lateral stripe, half as wide as pupil, beginning three or four scales
from last scales on caudal base and continued to within eight scales of angle of gill-
opening, broadest part above anal base ; shoulder-spot behind angle of gill-opening
present in males only, represented in females by an occasional dusky area; in males
very definite, square, as large as pupil, followed by a similar silvery area and a
subsequent dark blotch; line of back darkest just before dorsals; belly in males
pigmented as usual; dorsal with a prominent, definite blue-black spot somewhat
triangular, its tip at base of fifth branched ray, its base as wide as pupil and half-
way up second spiny ray; this spot being apparently the anterior portion of a broad
stripe which is posteriorly indistinct; distally to this the fin is white having distad
a narrower dusky band parallel to margin of fin; other fins without visible pattern.

The males of this species are apparently slenderer than the females with a
depth slightly more than two and one-half times in the body-length; the anal
narrowly edged with black; a broader and more vivid lateral stripe and shoulder-
spots. The belly is pigmented as usual. In one specimen the spot on the dorsal
is lacking.

Key to Japanese species of Acnnthorhodctis.
a. Lateral band broad as pupil, not pointed posteriorly; lateral line completely absent; no large spot

on dorsal atn mi us.

aa. Lateral band very narrow, less than half width of pupil; lateral line present in first four scales; a large
black spot anteriorly on dorsal sciosemus.

58. Rhodeus kurumeus sp. nov. (Plate XXVI, fig. 2).

Described from numerous specimens collected in the Chikugo River at Kurume
in Kiusiu by Jordan and Snyder in 1900, the longest female 5 cm. in total length,
the longest male 5.3 cm., both breeding, the females frequently with eggs partly
extruded through the ovipositor. A male in the Stanford collection is taken as the
type; No. 6011a Carnegie Museum is the cotype.

Head 3.83 in body-length; depth 2.75; snout 4 in head; eye 3.2; length of
caudal peduncle from last anal rays 1.5 in head, its depth 2.125; dorsal height 1.4;
dorsal base 3.4 in body-length; anal height 1.33 in head; its base nearly equal to
head; dorsal rays II, 10 (or 11); anal rays II, 10 (or 11); pharyngeal teeth 5-5;
scales in lateral series 33 (32-35), in transverse series. 11, between occiput and
fifteenth dorsal.

230 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Tip of snout level with center of eye; maxillary ending below nostril and before
eye; mouth but slightly oblique; male with tubercular prominences close together
on front of snout; a number of horny buds ranged along upper anterior rim of orbit,
and numerous others over dorsal surface of head in full breeding male; no barbels
present; gill-rakers (in cotypes of same size) 3 + 10; pharyngeal teeth smooth, some
hooked, others simple, sickle-shaped, grinding surface narrow, in some an indication
of transverse striation.

Dorsal inserted midway between tip of snout and base of caudal, its first
branched ray not reaching base of last, when supine; second ray flexible and pointed
at tip, not spine-like, equal to length of succeeding ray; last ray more than three-
fourths the length of the second; anal similar, its last ray two-thirds the length of
third, its margin straight, not falcate nor emarginate; its insertion under third
branched ray of dorsal, tips of last dorsal and anal rays opposite, when supine;
pectorals not reaching bases of ventrals ; latter barely reaching anal insertion ; caudal
longer than head. Lateral line lacking, scales in corresponding series in no way
modified. Dorsal line of body very dark between occiput and insertion of dorsal ;
lateral blue-black band rather faint, pointed acutely at both ends, one-fourth as
wide as pupil, beginning under fifth or sixth dorsal ray and continued to within four
scales of base of caudal; shoulder-spot behind angle of gill-opening indefinite, though
present, succeeded by a similar silvery area and another indefinite blotch, the whole
larger than eye; dorsal dusky, with two rows of white spots on rays, the proximal
row half-way up fin; no large spot present; anal similar, but much less distinctly
colored, narrowly edged with black; ventrals dusky (breeding male); pectorals and
caudal clear; ventral surface of belly pigmented.

The females of this species seem to be slenderer, depth 2.5 in length; without
dark ventrals; anal with black margin; belly pigmented and with a fainter lateral
stripe and color-pattern on fins less plainly shown.

A male specimen from Nagoya, resembling this species, has thirteen dorsal
rays and fourteen rays in the anal, with a lesser depth of body. Having but the
single specimen, we hesitate to regard it as a distinct species. The fins are plain
dusky, the lateral stripe as in the other specimens; the lateral line entirely lacking.
Two from Lake Biwa have a like number of fin-rays, and have a black spot ante-
riorly on the dorsal. As the normal number of anal rays in Rhodeus kurumeus is
but twelve, it is probable that these specimens represent at least one other species.
59. Tanakia oryzae (Jordan & Seale) gen. nov.

An examination of the type of Rhodeus oryzce, at present in the collection
of Stanford University, shows the lateral line to be apparently lacking posteriorly,

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 231

although the scales are modified throughout in a continuous series. The tip of each
scale is emarginate and a groove lies along the center of the scale where the tube
should lie. This species, with Rhodeus miobuta Tanaka, has barbels as in Acheilo-
gnathus. Rhodeus oryzcc may be taken as the type of a new genus TanaJaa, separated
from Rhodeus by the presence of a barbel. It is named for Shigeho Tanaka, the
accomplished ichthyologist of the Imperial University of Tokyo.

Fig. 6. Tanakia oryzee (Jordan & Seale). (From Proc. U. 8. N. M., Vol. XXX, p. 144).

Body deep, compressed; mouth small, maxillary not reaching eye; a short
barbel at its tip; dorsal and anal of about twelve rays, the first two unbranched;
pharyngeal teeth 5-5, smooth, hooked at tip; gill-rakers very short; lateral line
incomplete, but marked posteriorly by modifications of a series of lateral scales;
peritoneum black; intestine elongate. Fresh-water fishes of small size, about two
or three inches in length.

60. Pseudaspius atrilatus sp. nov. (Plate XXVI, fig. 3).

Lake Biwa at Matsubara, No. 6012a.

D. Ill, 7; A. Ill, 7; P. 16; V. 8; scales in lateral line 82 (79 to 83), in oblique
transverse series between dorsal and anal insertions, 22/12, between occiput and
dorsal, 59 (52-59); pharyngeal teeth 4, 2 on left, 2, 4 on right; gill-rakers 1+5 (1 or
2+4 to 7).

Head 4 in length to base of caudal; width of head 1.9 in its length; depth of
body 5 in its length; eye 5 in head; snout 3.66; interorbital space 3.375; maxillary
3.375; caudal peduncle, depth 2.25, length 1.125; first dorsal ray, length 1.4; base
2.5; first anal ray, length 1.66, its base 2.5; pectoral 1.5; ventral 1.8.

Body elongate, not greatly compressed, snout slightly projecting; lower jaw
included; upper profile of head straight from nostrils to occiput; posterior margin
of eye midway between snout and edge of opercle; maxillary not reaching eye;
pharyngeal teeth hooked, with very narrow grinding surface or none; gill-rakers
small, widely set; intestine short, one convolution; peritoneum dark.

232 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Dorsal very slightly nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, its margin straight;
anal inserted under last dorsal ray; pectorals extending over half-way to ventrals;
latter reaching vent, not anal. Caudal forked.

Scales small, especially on occiput and breast, lateral line slightly decurved,
continuous.

Color dark above, with fine irregular stippling; a darker band arising on snout
and terminating with slight dilation at base of caudal, which has a basal spot in
young; breadth of band equal to diameter of eye. A dark median band from oc-
ciput to caudal. Upper fins slightly dusky, lower clear.

We have five specimens, 62 to 87 mm. in total length, all from Lake Biwa.

The species may be readily separated from Japanese species of Leuciscus by
the insertion of the anal fin, which lies under the last ray of the dorsal, and by the
small scales.

In form and coloration this species resembles the American genus Rhinichthys.
In the form of the head it differs considerably from the type of Pseudaspius.
resembling more the species of Leuciscus. It may be generically different from
Pseudaspius. It has an ally in Korea, which we have also referred to Pseudaspius,

61. Zacco platypus (Temminck & Schlegel).

Lake Biwa at Matsubara, No. 6219 many, Okayama No. 6013a.
A young male much slenderer than the others and the color more vivid. Fe-
males with lower fins.

62. Zacco temmincki (Temminck & Schlegel).
Okayama, No. 6081a.

63. Zacco sieboldi (Temminck & Schlegel).
(Zacco mitsukurii Tanaka.)

Lake Biwa at Matsubara, Nos. 6210a-h; Sendai; Nagoya, No. 6449a.
Teeth 1, 4, 5-4, 4, 1. Scales 62.

64. Opsariichthys uncirostris (Temminck & Schlegel).
Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, No. 6278 many.

This abundant chub is an excellent food-fish and deserves introduction into the
lakes of America.

65. Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel).

Yodo River, Osaka, No. 6283, many; Lake Biwa, at Matsubara.

66. Leuciscus hakuensis Gunther.

Two specimens, No. 6331a-b, from Lake Biwa at Matsubara, differ from all
others in the lower fins and slightly shorter maxillary. One from Hakodate, No.
6195a, has scales 75; another from Sendai, No. 6245a, has scales 16-79-13. This

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 233

may correspond to Leuciscus taczanowskii as described by Jordan and Fowler, no
distinction appearing. This very widely distributed and abundant species shows
slight differences in various localities, some of them perhaps being permanent dis-
tinctions.

67. Ishikauia steenackeri (Sauvage). (Plate XL, fig. 2).

Lake Biwaat Matsubara, No. 6321 many; Yodo River, at Osaka, Nos. 6271a-b,
Teeth 2, 4, 5-4, 4, 2. Scales 65.

Family ANGUILLIDiE.

68. Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel.
Misaki, Nos. 6249a-d; Okayama, No. 6336a.

Family SIMENCHELYID.E.

69. Simenchelys leptosomus Tanaka.
Izu (Owston Collection).

A large specimen eighteen inches long, much larger than the types. The
pectoral is much larger, the eye smaller. The body is 1.33 not 1.66 times in the tail.

Family LEPTOCEPHALID.E.

70. Leptocephalus myriaster (Brevoort).
Osaka, Nos. 6324a-b.

71. Leptocephalus nystromi Jordan & Snyder.
Misaki, No. 6105a; Osaka, No. 6090a.

Fig. 7. Leptocephalus nystromi Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIII, p. 853).

This may be L. heterognathus of Bleeker, but again that nominal species may
be the young of L. japonicus, which may in turn be the young of L. erebennus.
72. Leptocephalus riukiuanus Jordan & Snyder.

One large example, No. 6288a, 61 cm. long. Head 1.875 in trunk; head and
trunk 2 in tail; maxillary 2.5 in head; lower jaw slightly shorter; snout 4; eye 7;

Fig. 8. Leptocephalus riukiuanus Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIII, p. 852),

234

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

dorsal inserted over middle of pectoral; thirty-six pores before vent, Pectorals
black with lower margin white.

Compared with the original type of L. riukiuanus, this specimen seems to be
the same.

73. Leptocephalus erebennus Jordan & Snyder.
Misaki, Nos. 6286a-b.

Fig. 9. Leptocephalus erebennus Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIII, p. 850).

The two specimens agree with the type, which according to Franz is the same
as L. japonicus.
74. Leptocephalus anago (Temminck & Schlegel).
Shimonoseki.

„^^ i

Fig. 10. Leptocephalus imago (Temminck & Schlegel). (From Proe. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIII,
p. 856).

75. Leptocephalus megastomus (Gtinther).
Misaki, No. 6433a.

Fig. 11. Leptococephalus megastomus (Giinther). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIII, p. 855).

It has the maxillary shorter than in the figure of Jordan & Snyder and the
snout is somewhat shorter. The species is mid-way between Leptocephalus and
Congrellus, requiring apparently the union of the two groups.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 235

Family MYRID.E.

76. Myrus uropterus Temminck & Schlegel. No. 6460 (Plate XXVII, fig. 7).
We here figure a larval eel from Misaki, which we refer, very doubtfully, to

this species. We can identify it with no other from Japan.

Family MUILENESOCIDiE.

77. Muraenesox cinereus Forskal.
Osaki, Nos. 6385a-b, Shimonoseki.

Family NEMICHTHYID^.

78. Nemichthys scolopaceus Richardson.
Misaki, No. 6025a.

Two specimens sixty-nine and ninety-three centimeters long, from Sagami Bay.
No tangible distinction from Atlantic specimens is apparent, except that the head
is noticeably larger. It is is recorded from Papua, and by Franz from Sagami Bay.

Family OPHICHTHYID.E.

79. Ophichthys asakusae Jordan & Snyder.

Kobe, No. 6216a, C. M. Cat. of Fishes (Coll. Manabe). Hitherto known only
from a specimen from Misaki in the Aquarium of Asakusa in Tokyo.

Fig. 12. Ophichthys asakusa Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIII, p. 873).

Family SOLENOSTOMID.E.
80. Solenostomus paegnius sp. nov.

Described from the type from Misaki, C. M. Cat. of Fishes, No. 6020, a male
specimen 101 mm. in total length, badly shrunken from immersion in strong alcohol.

Head 2.2 in body-length without caudal; depth at base of ventrals 4.23; snout
3.33 in body; eye 6 in snout; maxillary 5 in snout; depth of snout 3 in its length, or
4.5 in head; length of caudal peduncle from last anal ray to middle caudal rays 4.7
in head; dorsal rays V. 20; A. 19; P. 25; V. 8.

Body-depth slightly greater than in known species, despite shrunken body;
snout very deep, its depth equal to postorbital portion of head; the dorsal ridge, or
edge of snout, arched in profile, beginning a diameter of eye before the anterior

236 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

edge of orbit, and ending shortly before the premaxillaries ; lower edge of snout not as
deep, but longer; siphonate part of snout noticeably deeper than the diameter of
eye; upper edge of snout serrate anteriorly and posteriorly (contrasting with S. cy-
anopterus) (PI. XLI, fig. 1), the supra-orbital ridges, which fuse to form dorsal edge
of snout, likewise serrated; upper and posterior edges of orbit very coarsely and
noticeably serrate, or roughened.

Distance from anterior border of eye to first dorsal spine greater than length
of snout; height of dorsal spine 3.66 in body-length; tip of spinous dorsal extending
to centre of base of second dorsal; distance between dorsal insertions 4.33 in body-
length; height of second dorsal equal to diameter of eye; caudal peduncle from last
anal ray to middle caudal rays short, 4.75 in head, length of caudal rays slightly
greater than that of head; anal similar to soft dorsal; ventrals not adnate to belly,
reaching middle of anal base.

Color somewhat similar to that of S. cyanopterus; body with small brown spots;
pectorals with somewhat larger ones; caudal with numerous elongate, irregular,
large spots, the biggest half diameter of eye in length; dorsal with two elongate black
spots on membranes between first three rays at mid-height, remainder of fin spotted,
as is caudal.

The measurements in hundredths of body-length of the type of Solenostomus
pcegniusaxe as follows: — Head, .45; snout, .30; eye, .05; maxillary, .06; body-depth at
base of ventrals, .22; length of caudal peduncle from last anal to middle caudal rays,
.095; depth of snout at middle, .10; height of first dorsal, .26; of second, .05; length
of ventral fin, .26; of caudal, .48; distance between tip of snout and first dorsal,
.62; between eye and first dorsal, .28; between insertion of dorsal fins, .22. Those
of S. cyanopterus (Bleeker), in so far as they differ, are: depth at ventral bases,
.19; length of caudal peduncle, .08; depth of snout, .06; length of ventral, .33; of
caudal, .34; distance eye to first dorsal, .25; between dorsal insertions, .26.

This species differs from the Japanese specimen of Solenostomus cyanopterus
(Bleeker) cited by Jordan and Snyder in the much deeper snout; form of the dorsal
edge of the snout; the serrated ridges of head; the shorter snout as compared to the
distance from the first dorsal spine to the anterior border of the eye; longer caudal;
slightly greater depth; and shorter ventral. It is probable that the depth of the
snout is not a sexual mark, as the male described by Tanaka as S. leptosomus has
the slenderest snout of any as yet described, save that of the female of S. paradoxus.
(Plate XLI, fig. 2). Franz has recently declared the two latter species synonymous,
comparing his own specimen from Dzushi. This is not impossible. The position
of the dorsal bases, and their ray-length may be sexual marks, as they must be, if

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 237

the contention of Franz is true. The two nominal species, S. leptosomus and S.
paradoxus vary widely in this regard, as well as in the length of the caudal peduncle
The present species is sharply differentiated from these two forms by the very short
caudal peduncle (a difference too great to be bridged by variation), and the much
deeper snout, being in these regards most nearly related to 8. cyanopterus. For
purposes of illustration the figures of the latter and of S. paradoxus are given on
Plate XLI, figs. 1 and 2.

81. Syngnathus schlegeli Kaup.
Yokohama, Nos. 6412a-b.

82. Urocampus rikuzenius Jordan and Snyder. (Plate XLI, fig. 3).
Misaki, Nos. 6083a-b. Rings 11+55 to 11+59.

Family AULORHYNCHID^.

83. Aulichthys japonicus Brevoort.

Kobe, Nos. 6167a-c (Coll. Manabe); Misaki, No. 6410a.

Family FISTULARIID^.

84. Fistularia petimba Lacepede.
Misaki, Nos. 6348a-g.

85. Fistularia serrata Cuvier.
Misaki, Nos. 6290a-e.

It corresponds to Giinther's plate XXXII, in the " Shore Fishes of the Chal-
lenger."

Family MACRORHAMPHOSID^E.

86. Macrorhamphosus sagifue Jordan and Starks.
Misaki, Nos. 6185a-d.

Fig. 13. Macrorhamphosus sagifue Jordafi & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVI, p. 69).

Depth variable, 3.5 to 4.5 in body. Possibly a variant of M. japonicus
(Gunther) .

238

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family HEMIRAMPHID.E.

87. Hyporhamphus sajori (Temminck and Sehlegel).
Kobe, Nos. 6442a-b (Coll. Manabe).

88. Hemiramphus japonicus Brevoort. (Plate XXVII, fig. 2).
Misaki, No. 6034a.

It agrees with the account given by Tanaka (Jour. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ.,
Tokyo, XXIII, VII, 1908, p. 29) except that the eye is smaller, although Tanaka's
specimen was larger than either of ours. Fins similar; air-bladder cellular, as in
the type of Hemiramphus, the sides of body flattened and the ventrals posterior,
nearly twice as far from the snout as from the base of the caudal. Head 4.5, with
beak2.4; mandible3.5 in total length ; D. 14, A. 12. Scales53. Gill-rakers x+26.

This species, described by Brevoort from the Riu-kiu Islands, has only been
lately recognized by Tanaka from Misaki.

Family ATHERINID^.

89. Iso fios-maris Jordan and Starks.
Misaki, No. 6239 many.

Fig. 14. Iso flos-maris Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 205).

The genus Tropidostus, based on an Australian species, is identical with Iso,
but this earlier name is preoccupied.
90. Atherion elymus Jordan and Starks.
Misaki, No. 6087 many.

Fig. 15. Atherion elymus Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 204).

91. Atherina bleekeri Gunther.

Kobe, Nos. 6400a-b (Coll. Manabe) ; Osaka, Nos. 6088a-b.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

239

92. Atherina tsurugae Jordan and Starks.
Misaki, Nos. 6415a-f.

A -": ■

\J

Fig. 16. Atherina tsurugce Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 202).

Family MUGILIDJ5.

93. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus.

Matsushima Bay, Nos. 6293a-b ; Osaka, No. 6259 many.

94. Liza haematochila (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, Okayama, Nos. 6059a-j.

Family SPHYILENID.E.

95. Sphyraena pinguis Giinther.

Misaki, Kobe, Yokohama, Osaka, Nos. 6304a-b.

Family BERYCID^.

96. Gephyroberyx japonicus (Doderlein).

Misaki, No. 6340a.

D. VIII, 13; A. Ill, 11; P. I, 14; V. I, 6. Scales 30 (pores) ; abdominal scutes,
14.

Family HOLOCENTRID^.

97. Holocentrus spinosissimus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, No. 6168a.

Fig. 17. Holocentrus spinosissimus (Temminck & Schlegel). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol.
XXVI, p. 14).

240 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Young with a black spot between first and second dorsal spine. Body un-
marked, except for faint pale streaks following the rows of scales.

Family SCOMBRID^.

98. Scomber japonicus Houttuyn.
Osaka, Nos. 6388a-b.

99. Auxis thazard (Lacepede).

Osaka, Nos. 6294a-b; Sendai, No. 6392a.

Family TRICHIURID^.

100. Trichiurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Osaka, No. 6320a; Misaki, No. 6153a.

Family GEMPHYLID.E.

101. Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco.
Misaki, No. 6280a, a small example.

Family ISTIOPHORIDiE.

102. Istiophorus japonicus Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Kobe (in collection of the Kwansei Gakuin).

103. Tetrapturus mitsukurii (Jordan & Snyder).
Abundant in Osaka Market.

Family CARANGID^.

104. Seriola purpurascens (Temminck & Schlegel).

Osaka, No. 6292a; Sagami Bay, Nos. 6182a-b; Young specimens, the ventrals
reaching slightly over halfway to soft anal. Depth 3.66 in total; head 4.

105. Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Kobe, Nos. 6177a-b.

106. Decapterus russelli (Riippell).
Kobe, No. 6094a.

107. Trachurops crurnenophthalma (Bloch).
Izu.

108. Caranx equula Temminck & Schlegel.

Osaka, No. 6367a; Shimonoseki, No. 6057a; Misaki.

Schlegel's plate of this species is correct as to depth of body notwithstanding
the criticism of Steindachner.

109. Alectis ciliaris (Bloch).

Misaki, Nos. 6334a-c; Yokohama, No. 4195a.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 241

Family EQUULIDjE.

110. Leiognathus rivulata (Schlegel).
Misaki, No. 6109a.

111. Leiognathus argentea Lacepede.
(Equula nuchalis, Temminck & Schlegel).
Osaka, No. 6119a; Misaki, No. 6446a.

Family MENID^E.

112. Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider).

Sagami Bay, Nos. 4101a-e (from Owston Collection).

Family STROMATEOIDID.E.

113. Stromateoides candidus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Family STROMATEID.E.

114. Psenopsis anomala (Temminck & Schlegel).
Osaka, No. 6238a; Shimonoseki, Nos. 6227a-c; Kobe.

115. Labracoglossa argentiventris Peters.

Misaki, No. 6438a, a common and pretty little fish. The relationship of the
genus is still uncertain.

116. Ectenias brunneus gen. et sp. nov. (Plate XXVII, fig. 3).
Type No. 6453a; cotype No. 6454, Misaki. Sagami, No. 6006a.

This new genus, Ectenias, is allied to Centrolophus, being distinguished by its
elongate, subterete form of body. There is one dorsal fin, the anterior spines merging
into the soft rays; mouth moderate, jaws equal; teeth moderate, few-rowed,
slightly enlarged anteriorly; palatines with small teeth; gill-rakers short; teeth in
the oesophagus; scales minute; lateral line complete; dorsal with about fifty-eight
rays, anal with twenty-five; ventrals well developed.

We give below a description of the type of the species, Ectenias brunneus, No.
6453a, C. M. Cat. of Fishes, a specimen from Misaki one hundred millimeters long.
Others, cotypes from the same locality, are smaller.

Head 4 in body-length; depth 5.8; eye 3.125 in head; snout 3.5; maxillary 2.25;
interorbital space 3.5; depth of caudal peduncle 5; D. 58; A. 25; P. 20; V. 1.5.
Scales with about two hundred and fifty pores in lateral line.

Head at nape as deep as body, which tapers evenly to caudal peduncle; latter
slender, slightly compressed; eye large; maxillary reaching vertical from center of
eye; suborbital space less than breadth of maxillary at tip; interorbital space
broad, its sides parallel, projecting over anterior edge of eye; nostrils subcqual,

242 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

midway between tip of snout and eye, closely apposed, anteriorly with slight rim;
jaws equal; teeth of moderate size in both jaws, in a single row posteriorly, two
rows present anteriorly, the inner some distance behind the outer; vomer with two
somewhat large teeth; palatines with single row of small teeth; those in jaws slightly
enlarged in outer row, especially anteriorly; gill-rakers short and blunt, about
eleven on lower limb of first arch.

Dorsal inserted above pre-opercular margin and extending to within half an
eye-diameter from base of caudal, its longest rays half length of head, but slightly
lower in any portion of fin ; anal inserted midway between base of caudal and center
of eye, its longest rays about as long as snout, its base extending as far posteriorly
as dorsal; pectoral 1.66 in head; ventrals 1.33 in head, inserted under pectoral
base; caudal deeply forked.

Scales minute, imbedded, not imbricate; lateral line anteriorly sharply arched,
apex of curve angular.

Color in alcohol dark brown; dorsal, anal, and ventral fins darker, nearly
black; pectorals colorless; anal dusky, save for tips of lobes, which are clear.

Although allied to Centrolophus, the color and texture of Ectenias shows it to
be a shore-fish.

Family ICOSTEID^.

117. Icticus ischanus gen. et. sp. nov. (Plate XXVII, fig. 4.)

Type No. 6036a, from Okinawa.

The new genus Icticus seems related to Icichthys.

Body oblong, compressed, the tissues soft; lateral line present; inner ventral
ray adnate to belly on either side of groove, which begins at ventrals and ends at
the anus; body scaled; scales cycloid, small; teeth in a single series in each jaw,
some on vomer and palatines. Fine loose teeth on upper pharyngeals; six branchio-
stegals; gill-openings wide, the membranes free from isthmus; four gills, a slit
behind the fourth; pseudobranchise large; air-bladder present, small; dorsal long,
divided into two separate fins, free from caudal; ventrals below pectoral base;
body oblong, compressed; the skeleton soft and flexible, the whole structure soft as
in Icosteus and Icichthys.

The type of Icticus ischanus, described here, is a specimen two hundred and
forty-five millimeters in total length, coming from Okinawa, Riu-kiu Islands,
No. 6036a Carnegie Museum Cat. of Fishes.

Head 3.4 in length to base of caudal; depth 4.166; eye 4 in head; maxillary
3.33; snout 3; pectoral 1.75; ventral 2.5; D. XII-30; A. 30; P. 19; scales in lateral
line 125 (approximate); ten scales between insertion of first dorsal and lateral line.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 243

Body soft, with little firmness; dorsal and ventral contours evenly arched;
body compressed, especially at bases of dorsal and anal ; depth of caudal peduncle
4.5 in head, dilating posteriorly at base of rudimentary rays; head blunt, sides flat,
as is dorsal surface; snout vertical in profile at tip; jaws equal, lower series of teeth
included; maxillary short, not reaching eye, completely hidden by preorbital;
teeth in lower jaw close-set, cardiform, somewhat arrow-shaped, with fine antrorse
serrations on each edge; diminishing quickly in size at mandibular symphysis; the
teeth in the upper jaw widely set and irregularly placed, lacking posteriorly; teeth
on upper pharyngeals fine, slender, and not thickly set.

Dorsal composed of two fins, base of first 1.5 in head, of second 1.5 times
length of head; outline of first somewhat rounded, of second parallel with fin-
base; height of both dorsals equal to eye; caudal forked; middle rays half length of
outer; anal similar to second dorsal and of equal height, its insertion under that of
latter; pectoral extending to midway between vent and anal insertion; ventrals
inserted under pectoral base, their inner rays separate and adnate to either side
of a shallow groove extending back to anus.

Scales small, cycloid, present on cheeks, opercles, pectoral and caudal bases,
and body, very deciduous; lateral line two-thirds of eye-diameter below dorsal base,
with which it is parallel.

Color uniformly dark; fins black; peritoneum and lining of mouth-cavity black.

Family CARISTIID.E.
118. Caristius macropus (Bellotti). (Plate XXVIII, fig. 7).

(Pteraclis macropus Bellotti, Atti. Soc. Sci. Nat. Ital., Milan, 1903, p. 137.
fig. VI, Yokohama).

Sagami Bay, No. 6024a (from Owston Collection).

This specimen represents a second species of the singular genus Caristius,
obtained from the shores of Japan. It was originally made known by Cristoforo
Bellotti in 1905, under the name of Pteraclis macropus.

The specimen before us, from the Kuro Shiwo off Sagami Bay is, however,
plainly a member of the genus Caristius, and at the same time distinct from Caristius
japonicus. The following description of this specimen was drawn up for Professor
Edwin Chapin Starks.

Dorsal rays 34; anal 22; pectoral 18; ventral I, 5. Head 3 in length; depth of
eye 2. Eye 2.33 in head; maxillary 1.66. Body and fins extremely fragile.

The form is much compressed, elevated to a rounded angle above eye, sharply
declivous in front of eye, and sloping backward in a straight line (straighter than

244

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

in the drawing) to caudal peduncle. The body is covered with small, circular,
cycloid, deciduous scales, a few only remaining near the middle of the body behind
the pectoral. One was found below the pectoral in the region where they are
enlarged in Caristius japonicus. It was not larger than the others. The cheek

Fig. 18. Caristius japonicus Smith & Pope. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXI, p. 491).

and opercle was fully scaled, the scales similar to those on the body, though few
scales now remain. The lateral line is distinct and runs from the upper part of the
opercle on a level with the upper margin of the pupil, straight back, with no curve
whatever, to the middle of the caudal base. There was probably a sheath of scales
along the base of the dorsal and anal, as in Pteraclis, but the scales are smaller and
more deciduous than in this genus.

There are rather slender teeth in a straight row on the edges of both jaws and
on the vomer and palatines. The cheek is deep and triangular, about four-fifths
of the diameter of the eye in depth. The gill-rakers are rather slender, the longest
about half the diameter of the pupil and the}' number 6 + 14.

The pectorals are a little shorter than head, reaching about to ninth anal ray.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 245

The ventrals are very long, a little longer than the body without the head, and
reaching base of caudal. Dorsal very high, beginning over the eye, the first two
rays short, the third longest of all, nearly four times length of second, reaching
middle of caudal, the posterior margin of the fin nearly straight, the rays gradually
shortened to the last, which is about two-thirds head. Caudal short, shorter than
head, apparently truncate, and beginning under middle of pectoral, its rays sub-
equal, and not one-third as high as the dorsal. All the fin-rays extremely slender
and fragile.

Little color remains. The body is light slate-blue ; the dorsal, anal, and ventrals
black, the caudal and pectorals colorless.

This species seems to differ from Caristius japonicus in being slenderer, in having
the cheek deeper, the ventrals not nearly so far in front of the pectorals, the anterior
scales not enlarged, the ventral rays longer and perhaps the dorsal and anal rays
also. These fins are broken off in the type of Caristius japonicus.

The specimen, 5.5 inches long, was taken by Alan Owston in the Kuro Shiwo,
or Black Current, off Misaki, Sagami Bay, in Japan. It is in the Carnegie Museum
at Pittsburgh.

Since the publication of the excellent description and figure of Bellotti, the
genus has been unnoticed, until the discovery by Dr. Hugh M. Smith of the related
species which he called Caristius japonicus.

The type of this species (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XVIII, 1905; p. 249),
was described in 1905 by Gill and Smith from the island of Shikoku in Japan as
the " type of a new family of jugular acanthopterygians." Smith and Pope,
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXXI., 1906; p. 490, fig. 10), in the following year published
a figure of it. In December 1912, Dr. Jordan (American Naturalist, Dec, 1912,
p. 148) referring to Dr. Shufeldt's work on the pteraclid fish Pterycombus brama,
made this remark " the singular Caristius, lately described from Japan by Dr.
Smith, is an ally of Pterycombus and belongs to the same family."

In the same month, Regan (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, Vol. X., Dec, 1912,
p. 637), expressed a belief that Caristius japonicus Gill and Smith, and Platyberyx
opalescens Zugmayer (Res. Camp. Sci., Monaco, XXXV, 1911, p. 101, PI. 5, fig. 5),
were " probably congeric and perhaps not specifically distinct " and that they both
were referable to the berycoid fishes. As Mr. Regan had no specimens of either
of these forms it is not surprising that he should have regarded the two as related.
Caristius and Platyberyx have no more in common than a superficial resemblance,
and Caristius is certainly not related to the berycoid fishes. Its affinities seem
obviously to be with the scombroid forms, especially with Pteraclis, the genus in
which Bellotti placed it.

246 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

In our judgment, the Caristiidce compose a family distinct from the Ptera-
clidce, their nearest relatives, and from the Bramidce to which both are allied. The
apparent differences between Caristius and related genera may be thus indicated :

Family PTERACLIDiE. "

Dorsal very high, beginning on head, continuous, its rays all simple; anal similar, beginning far
forward, almost as long as dorsal; ventrals jugular, small, inserted below the eye. Scales firm, lobate.
Vertical fins with a basal sheath of scales.

Pteraclis Gronow (velifera).2

Centropholis Hilgendorf (petersi).

Dorsal with 10 to 13 graduated rays; ventral rays, 1, 5; anal very high, its first long ray reaching
to end of base of fin.

Pterycombus Fries (brama).

As in Pteraclis, but the anal lower, the first long ray of anal reaching only to middle of fin.

Bentenia Jordan and Snyder (ceslicola) .

Essentially as in Pteraclis, but with the fifth dorsal and second anal ray much enlarged. Ventrals

very short, under the eye.

Family CARISTIID.E.

Anal beginning near middle of body; ventrals jugular, but behind eye. Scales small, caducous.
Caristius Gill and Smith (japonicus) .

Family BRAMIDyE.
Characters included above.

The Bramidce differ in the hard scales, and in the backward insertion of the dorsal which is low

and behind the head. Anal moderate, inserted below middle of body.

Family VELIFERID.E.
The Velifericlce (Vilifer Schlegel), (hypselopterus), have the fins much as in Caristius, but the mouth
is wholly different, and the family has no relation to Caristius or to Pteraclis.

Family PEMPHEFJD.E.

119. Pempheris japonicus Doderlein.
Misaki, No. 6176a.

Family CHEILODIPTERID^.

120. Amia sialis, sp. nov. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 2).

The following is a description of the type, No. 6021, C. M. Cat. of Fishes,
a specimen 123 mm. in total length, coming from Suruga Bay, Japan.

Dorsal VII-I, 9; anal II, 8; scales in lateral line 25; in transverse series 10;
head 2.6 in body-length to base of caudal; depth 2.4; eye 3.75 in head; depth of
caudal peduncle 2.5 in head; gill-rakers 5 + 13.

Body deep, nearly equal in depth to length of head; maxillary reaching to below

2 Pteraclis ocellatus Cuvier and Valenciennes, with but two graduated rays in the dorsal and the ven-
trals I, 3, if these characters are exact, belongs to a different genus. It is probably, however, a true Pteraclis.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

247

middle of eye, 2 in head; lower jaw barely longer than upper; snout equal in length
to eye; preopercle finely serrate on both limbs; no canines present.

Third and fourth dorsal spines subequal, half length of head; spine of soft
dorsal 2.125 in head, its first two rays equal to post-orbital part of head. Anal
inserted under second soft ray of dorsal, second spine 3 in head. Pectoral reaching
nearly to anal, as do ventrals; caudal emarginate. Scales finely ctenoid, rather
loose; lateral line as usual.

Color nearly uniform, pattern lacking, save for an indistinct, small caudal spot;
ventrals and spinous dorsal dark, latter black at tip. All other fins somewhat dusky.

This species is apparently most closely related to Amia nigra (Doclerlein) from
which it differs in its longer spines, its soft dorsal and anal, longer pectorals, shorter
maxillary, and lighter color of anal, ventral, and soft dorsal fins.
121. Amia semilineata (Temminck & Schlegel).

Kobe No. 6040; Shimonoseki, Nos. 6444a-h; Osaka, Misaki, Nos. 6221a-b.

Fig. 19. Amia semilineata (Temminck & Schlegel). (From Proe. U. B. X. M., Vol. XXIII, p. 903).

122. Amia kiensis (Jordan & Snyder).

Fig. 20. Amia kiensis (Jordan & Snyder). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIII, p. 906).

eflflAM-

248 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Misaki, No. 6051, tide-pools.

Young 3 cm. long, similar to adult in color, save lack of stripes on dorsal and
anal.

Family KUHLIID^E.

123. Safole Jaeniura (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Misaki, No. 6091 many.

Abundant in the tide-pools. Color like that of the adult.

Family SERRANID^.

124. Lateolabrax japonicus Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Shimonoseki, No. 7276a; Shinabara; Sendai.

125. Niphon spinosus Cuvier & Valenciennes.

Osaka; abundant in the market. Misaki, No. 6318a, tide-pools, young 6 cm.
long.

A dark stripe from snout through eye to upper caudal rays, a fainter one
below from lower caudal rays, and another as faint along dorsal profile of body from
soft dorsal rays, where it is intense, separated narrowly from its fellow of the
opposite side.

126. Cephalopholis boninius sp. nov. (Plate XXIX, fig. 7).

Description of type, No. 6038, a specimen 180 mm. in total length, from the
Bonin Islands.

Head 2.6 in body-length to base of caudal, 3 in total depth; 3 in body; eye 5.75
in head; snout 3.66; maxillary 2; interorbital space 7.5; dorsal rays IX, 16; anal
III, 9; scales in lateral series 108; in transverse series between insertion of dorsal
and lateral line, 17; between lateral line and anal insertion 42; gill-rakers 7 + 11.

Maxillary extending to below posterior border of eye; latter small, 1.5 in snout;
interorbital space narrow and slightly convex; teeth in upper jaw with enlarged
.outer row and minor band of minute teeth; a canine on each side anteriorly; a
patch of enlarged depressible teeth behind each, most teeth posterior to these
canine-like; similar and opposed patches in lower jaw, on sides and inner row of
enlarged teeth, with several rows of much smaller teeth outside, all depressible
save the outermost and smallest; vomer with a V-shaped patch of small depressible
teeth; palatines with single row of similar ones. Gill-rakers stout and short, one
half diameter of eye in length. Pre-opercular margin finely serrate on lower half
of upper limb; opercle with three spines, middle longest.

Dorsal inserted over point of opercle; fourth to ninth spines subequal; 3.33 in
head; first rays but slightly longer, longest (eleventh) 2.5 in head; anal inserted

JORDAN AND THOMPSON! FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

249

under fourth dorsal ray, second spine longest and stoutest, 3 in head; longest ray
2.33 in head; tips of dorsal and anal rounded, reaching base of caudal; pectorals
not quite reaching anal insertion 1.5 in head; ventrals reaching anus, 1.9 in head;
caudal rounded. Scales small, ctenoid, absent on snout, jaws, and lower side of
head, present on bases of vertical fins.

Body and vertical fins uniformly and evenly covered with brown spots (in
alcohol) having a diameter one fourth that of eye arranged in irregular rows on
fins and in part on body, separated by once or twice their own diameter. Two rows
on spinous dorsal, four on dorsal and anal; pectoral with single spot on upper base;
ventrals unspotted, narrowly tipped on outer rays with black; belly and breast
unspotted, as is maxillary and chin.

127. Epinephelus morrhua (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Misaki, No. 6055a.

Fig. 21. Epinephelus morrhua (Cuvier & Valenciennes). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXVII,
p. 455).

Young with stripes as in the adult, but broader than the interspaces.

128. Epinephelus megachir Richardson. (Fig. 22).

A very small specimen, No. 6042a, doubtfully identified from a pool at Misaki.
Second dorsal spine very elongate, 1.25 in head; ventral spines equally long.
D. XI, 18; A. Ill, 8.

129. Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel).
Osaka, Nos. 6353a-d; Misaki, tide-pools, No. 6047.

Young 32 mm. long. D. XI, 15; A. Ill, 8; scales about ninety-eight. Black
in color everywhere/especially on fins, clear spots as large as pupil scattered regularly
over body and fins. Caudal and anal narrowly margined with white. The iden-
tification of these young fishes is rather doubtful.

250

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

/^J^Jfe*-

Fig. 22. Epinephelus megachir Richardson. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXVII, p. 449).

130. Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Kagoshima, No. 6172a.

Fig. 23. Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXVII,
p. 453).

131. Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg).

Enoshima, Nos. 6424a-b; Misaki, Nos. 6049a-d; Shimonoseki, No. 6267a;
Osaka, Nos. 6354a-c.

One specimen has the coloration entirely plain, except for the black saddle on
the caudal peduncle, and for the black moustache-streak.

132. Chelidoperca hirundinacea (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Misaki, Nos. 6240a-b.

The smallest example has four dark lateral spots, or oblong blotches

133. Aulacocephalus temmincki Bleeker.
Misaki, No. 6381a.

Interorbital space strongly convex. Pale stripes not well defined anteriorly
D. X, 11; A. Ill, 9.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 251

134. Franzia nobilis (Franz) gen. nov. (Plate XXIX, fig. 2).
Misaki.

One specimen, No. 6452, agreeing with the description and figure of Anthias
nobilis given by Dr. Franz. The maxillary, however, reaches to opposite the
posterior border of the pupil. Head 3.5, as long as pectoral; depth 2.6G; D. X, 17;
A. Ill, 8; Scales 6-42-14.

This species differs from all the others hitherto referred to Anthias and Pseu-
danthias in having the spinous dorsal closely scaled. In other respects it is similar
to Pseudanthias and Dalanthias. It has the third dorsal spine much elongate,
the caudal lobes much produced, but not the ventrals. It should form the type of
a distinct genus, which may be named for its discoverer, Dr. Victor Franz, the type
being Anthias nobilis Franz.

135. Franzia ardens sp. nov. (Plate XXX, fig. 1).

Type No. 6457, a specimen ninety-three millimeters long to tips of middle
caudal rays, from Misaki.

Head 3.5 in body-length without caudal; depth 2.66; eye 3.66 in head; inter-
orbital space 3; maxillary 2.33; snout 4.33; third dorsal spine 2.14; last dorsal raj'
2; second anal spine 2; last anal ray 1.5; pectoral 1.1 ; ventrals equal to head; D. X,
17; A. Ill, 7; forty-three scales in lateral line; scales in transverse series from
insertions of ventral fins to lateral line 5/15; gill-rakers 10+21.

Maxillary extending to below center of eye; teeth in upper jaw in an enlarged
outer row and a narrow band of minute inner teeth; a short canine tooth at either
side of tip of upper jaw, and a larger pair immediately behind, which point back-
ward and slightly medially; lower jaw with a single row of teeth on sides similar to
outer row of upper jaw, then forming a narrow band of minute teeth anteriorly,
which is narrowly interrupted at the mandibular symphyses; a short pair of canines
pointing forward at tip of lower jaw, and a larger pair on either side at some distance
behind; inner rows not enlarged anteriorly; pre-opercle serrate, rounded; opercle
and interopercle somewhat serrate, opposite pre-opercular angle; opercle with two
spines; gill-rakers two-thirds of eye.

Dorsal spines nowhere elongate, outline of fin rounded, third spine longest;
tip of last dorsal rays pointed, extending nearly to caudal base; soft anal sharply
angular posteriorly, its last rays slightly produced, reaching slightly beyond last
dorsal rays to base of caudal; second anal spine slightly longer than third, 2.125 in
head; ventrals extending to anus, not filamentous, second ray but slightly longer
than first; pectorals rounded at tip, not reaching anus; caudal lobes produced;
basal third of spinous and soft dorsal, and of soft anal, scaled; snout, maxillary,
head and body completely scaled.

252 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Color-pattern lacking in alcoholic specimens, save for three indistinct yellowish
stripes running longitudinally along body, the second through the eye; bases of
dorsal and anal of similar color.

This species very greatly resembles Zalanthias or Pseudanthias venator Snyder,
differing mainly in the remarkable fact that in the latter the bases of the vertical
fins are not scaled, save for a " low sheath " at the base of the soft dorsal. From
Franzia nobilis it is distinguished by the lack of the elongated dorsal spine, by the
color, proportions of fins, etc.

136. Sacura margaritacea (Hilgendorf).
Misaki, Nos. 6174a-b.

Some specimens with, others without, a large black spot on body. Anthias
pulcher Doderlein, characterized by the presence of this mark, is doubtless the same
as Sacura or Anthias margaritacea, in which the spot is wanting.

137. Zalanthias azumanus (Jordan & Richardson).
(Anthias japonicus Hilgendorf, the name pre-occupied.)
Misaki, No. 6169a-c.

138. Pikea japonica (Doderlein) .

(Coll. Owston) Boshu, No. 4168a; Yenoshima, Sagami Bay, No. 4238a.

Family LOBOTID^.

139. Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch).

Matsushima, a large example seen, the second known from Japan. It is
known locally as Matsudai (Pine-cone porgy).

Family LUTIANIDiE.

140. Lutianus quinquelineatus (Bloch).

Kominato, No. 6349a, Oshima Island (off Sagami Bay).

This specimen from Oshima corresponds entirely with specimens from the
East Indies. A strong interopercular knob and preopercular notch are present;
dorsal surface of head scaled to above eyes; no lingual teeth; vomer with a A-shaped
band of teeth; lateral stripes narrow, five in number, three upper converging to
upper edge of eye (not as in L. kasmira); sixty-five scales above lateral line,
fifty-five below in longitudinal series; the rows of scales above the lateral line oblique.
This is the fish described and figured by Bloch. It differs from L. kasmira in having
larger scales, narrower body-bands, and in the different distribution of the latter.
It has not been recorded from Japan since the time of Bloch.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

141. Lutianus russelli (Bleeker).
Osaka, No. 6394a.

253

Fig. 24. Lutianus russelli Bleeker. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXIX, p. 451).

142. Lutianus vitta (Quoy & Gaimard).
Osaka, No. 6378a.

Fig. 25. Lutianus vitta (Quoy & Gaimard). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXIX, p. 449).

143. Pristipomoides sieboldi (Bleeker). .
(Coll. Owston) Sagami Bay, No. 4268a-d.

144. Doderleinia berycoides (Hilgendorf).

Odawara, Straits of Tsushima, in deep water, No. 6389a; found in the Zakoba
market at Osaka, No. 6316a-b.

Four young specimens. The pre-opercle is set with long, rather weak spines,
strongest at the angle.

145. Euthyopteroma virgatum (Houttuyn).
Osaka, No. 6310a-d.

254

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Fig. 26. Euthijopteroma virgatum (Houttuyn). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XLI, p. 565).

Family H^MULID^.

146. Therapon ocyrhynchus Temminck & Schlegel.
Okayama (Kusano and Otaki), No. 6273a-b; Osaka.

147. Parapristipoma trilineatum (Thunberg).
Osaka, No. 6376a-b.

148. Plectorhynchus pica (Cuvier & Valenciennes). (Plate XXX, fig. 2).

One specimen No. 6018a, 100 mm. in total length, 73 mm. in length without
caudal, from Boshu, Japan.

The color and proportions of this fish show the typical variations of the young
of these forms. The caudal is elongate and pointed, the spines high, and the color-
bands broad. The latter, as is known in allied forms, break up and disappear with
age, or become narrowed. Diagramma orientale Cuvier and Valenciennes (Hist.
Nat. des. Poiss., plate 124) shows almost identically the coloration of the present
specimen, but differs in showing thirteen spines and larger scales. Plectorhynchus
pica (Cf. Giinther, Fische Siidsee, Plate XXII, fig. A) corresponds very closely
with the present specimen in all particulars, save a deeper pre-orbital in the plate
given by Giinther, which is not accurate in proportions. We here describe and
figure our specimen, as it is apparently rare and not hitherto known from Japan.
Most members of this group have a wide distribution.

Head 3.4 in body-length without caudal; depth 3.25; D. XII, 20; A. Ill, 7;
scales ninety-seven in series below lateral line, fourteen between latter and dorsal
insertion, twenty-two between lateral line and anal insertion; profile from snout to
dorsal insertion strongly arched, nearly straight along dorsal base; pre-orbital
depth two-thirds diameter of eye; snout 3 in head; eye 3 in head, equalling maxillary,
which reaches anterior border of eye; teeth in villiform bands in both jaws, outer
rows slightly enlarged; pre-opercle coarsely serrate.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 255

Spinous dorsals rounded, third to fifth longest, 2.33 in head; pectorals 1.5 in
head; ventrals same; caudal elongate, as is typical of the young of these forms.

Scales absent on snout, jaws, maxillary, and anterior three-quarters of pre-
orbital, present on bases of soft fins, in a sheath at base of spinous dorsal; everywhere
ctenoid; mandibular rami each with five large pores.

Color-pattern striking, of contrasting dark brown and white; belly and lower
portion of sides white from last anal ray to throat and above level of pectoral;
snout white from tip to a line from vertical of anterior margin of eye including all
of maxillary and lower jaw; a large white saddle extending as far down as lateral
line on nape, another at base of last three dorsal spines and first three rays of
similar extent; caudal peduncle with broad white cross-band; upper rays of caudal
white, save on base; anal, pectoral, and ventrals colorless; soft dorsals colorless on
distal half; spinous dorsal black, save for last three spines; all other parts of body a
deep brownish black, pattern everywhere clear cut with even margins, nowhere
diffuse or indefinite.

149. Plectorhynchus cinctus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Kobe, No. 6205a (Coll. Manabe).

150. Plectorhynchus pictus (Thunberg).

Sagami Bay, No. 6154a; Misaki, tide-pools, No. 6043a.

151. Hapalogenys mucronatus (Eydoux & Souleyet).
Osaka, No. 6375a-e.

152. Hapalogenys nigripinnis (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, No. 6406a.

A specimen everywhere intensely black in color on fins and body, save for
lighter shades on breast.

Family BANJOSID^.

153. Banjos banjos (Richardson).

Misaki, No. 6058a, young in the tide-pools.

Traces of seven or eight dark stripes on body, an interrupted band across nape,
along edge of opercle, another from eye across maxillary; snout and head mottled
with dark color; spinous dorsal black distally, a broad black stripe along base;
body-bands continued on soft dorsal; a black spot between second anal spine and
first soft ray; ventrals black; pectoral with a spot at base.

256

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Fig. 27. Banjos banjos (Richardson). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XLI, p. 541).

fc**WA*

Family SPARID^.

154. Pagrosomus major (Temminck & Schlegel).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 34, fig. 24).

Misaki, No. 6191a-d; Shimonoseki, Kobe, No. 6366a; Osaka, Yokohama,
Sendai.

The young of this species is readily known from related species by having a
black spot on base of pectoral.

155. Evynnis cardinalis (Lacepede).
Misaki, No. 6439a-d; Osaka, No. 6391a.

156. Jfetitis tumifrons (Temminck & Schlegel).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 35, fig. 25).
Misaki, Tsushima Straits, No. 6371a-f.

This species makes the bulk of the fishing of the trawlers between Tsushima
and Shimonoseki. They are sent frozen to the Osaka market.

Color light crimson, the nose yellow, a diffuse yellow blotch below middle of
base of dorsal.

157. Sparus latus Houttuyn.
Osaka, No. 6298a-g.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 257

Fig. 28. Sparus latus Houttuyn. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XLI, p. 584).

158. Sparus macrocephalus Basilewsky.
(Mem. Carn. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 35, fig. 26).
(Chrysophyrs swinhonis Giinther.)

Matsushima Bay, No. 6428a; Shimonoseki, No. 6396a-g; Osaka.

Family KYPHOSID^.

159. Kyphosus cinerascens (Forskal).

Misaki, No. 6067a. A young example, 67 mm. long.

D. XI, 12; A. Ill, 11. Identical with a specimen from Calayan in the Philip-
pines. Only twice before recorded from Japan.

160. Girella mezina Jordan & Starks.
Misaki, No. 6132a.

Fig. 29. Girella mezina Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXII, p. 497).

258

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Fourteen centimeters long. The white band seen in the type is missing, doubt-
less disappearing with age.

161. Gir ella punctata Gray .

Kobe, No. 6335a; Misaki, No. 140a-b; Osaka, No. 6268a,

Fig. 30. Girella punctata Gray. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXII, p. 498).

162. Girella melanichthys (Richardson).
Misaki, No. 6203a-c.

^^joSSsa.

Fig. 31. Girella melanichthys (Richardson). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXII, p. 498).

Family SCI.ENID.E.

163. Sciaena mitsukurii (Jordan and Snyder). (Plate XLII, fig. 1).
Sendai.

164. Sciaena schlegeli (Bleeker).

Matsushima Bay; No. 6297a; Osaka, No. 6347a-g.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 259

Family OPLEGNATHID^.

165. Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel).

Shimonoseki, No. 6337a-i; Kobe, No. 6209a-c (Coll. Manabe); Misaki, No.
6407a.

166. Oplegnathus punctatus (Temminck & Schlegel).

Osaka, No. 6369a.

Family HISTIOPTERID.E.

167. Histiopterus typus (Temminck & Schlegel).

Misaki, No. 6247a.

Family PRIACANTHID^.

168. Pseudopriacanthus niphonius (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Misaki, No. 6074a-c; Sagami Bay.

Found at Misaki in tide-pools. Young three centimeters long. Dark cross-
bands very wide, five or six times width of interspaces. Spinous dorsal and anal
black, as are pectorals and ventrals. Soft vertical fins clear, with small vivid black

oblong spots.

Family MULLID.E.

169. Upeneus spilurus (Bleeker).
Misaki, No. 6106a.

Three dark stripes barely visible. Eye 4.2 in head ; depth of caudal peduncle
8.5 in body-length.

170. Upeneus bensasi (Temminck & Schlegel).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 40, fig. 32).
Misaki, No. 6181a; Awaji Island.

Family APLODACTYLID.E.

171. Goniistius zonatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 41, fig. 34).
Misaki, No. 6263a; Enoshima, No. 6073a.

Family POLYNEMID^.

172. Polydactylus agonasi (Jordan and McGregor).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 40, fig. 33).

Family SILLAGINID^.

173. Sillago sihama (Forskal).
Misaki, No. 6166a-b.

260 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

174. Sillago japonica (Temminck & Schlegel).
Osaka, No. 6235a; Shimonoseki, No. 6218a-b.

Family LATILID.E.

175. Latilus japonicus (Houttuyn).
Misaki, No. 6149a-b; Osaka, No. 6304a.

Family MALACANTHID^.

176. Oceanops latovittata (Lacepede).

Nafa, Okinawa, Riu Kiu (in collection of the Kwansei Gakuin at Kobe).

Family ECHENEIDID^.

177. Rhombochirus megalodiscus (Franz).
One specimen, Misaki, No. 6274a.

Disk 2.8 in body-length to base of caudal. Eye 8 in head; otherwise as in
Franz's figure. D. XVIII-22, A. 20.

178. Remorina brachyptera (Lowe).

Misaki, No. 6223a; Matsushima Bay; Sendai, No. 6295a.

Family CEPOLID^E.

179. Acanthocepola limbata (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Misaki, No. 6435a.

Head 10.5 in length; depth 14. Eye 3 in head, snout 4.5; D. 103, A. 101.
Scales four hundred and twenty or more. This agrees in all regards with the
account given by Jordan and Evermann (Proc. U. S. N. M. XXV, 1902, p. 363) of
a specimen from Formosa called Acanthocepola mesaprion.

180. Cepola schlegeli (Bleeker).
Misaki, No. 6060a.

Head 7.5; depth 10; D. 65; A. 64; three hundred and seventy scales. Eye
2.66 in head; snout 5.33. Maxillary reaching posterior border of pupil; a black
spot between maxillary and premaxillary.

Family EMBIOTOCID.E.

181. Ditrema temmincki Bleeker.

(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VII, p. 42, fig. 36).
Shimonoseki; Osaka, No. 6404a; Misaki, No. 6397a-c.

182. Neoditrema ransonneti Steindachner.
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 43, fig. 37).
Misaki, No. 6423a-c.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON'. FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 261

Family POMACENTRID^.

183. Chromis notatus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Kobe, No. 6230a-c (Coll. Manabe).

184. Abudefduf sordidus (Forskal).

Misaki, No. 6146 many; 125 cm. long. Also numerous young from tide-pools.

185. Abudefduf saxatilis (Forskal).
Misaki, No. 6077 many.

Family LABRID.F.

186. Chcerodon azurio (Jordan & Snyder).
Shimonoseki, Osaka, No. 6387a.

187. Semicossyphus reticulatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 43, fig. 38).
Shimonoseki.

188. Lepidaplois perditio (Quoy & Gaimard).

Two young specimens, No. 6308a-b, the longest 18 cm., from an unknown
locality, probably Misaki.

The color is pale, the black blotch under the dorsal very distinct, extending
on the rays. The pale area before it is obscure. The black spots between the

Fig. 32. Lepidaplois perditio (Quoy & Gaimard). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 618).

dorsal spines are very distinct. Head with violet reticulations around pale spots.
The large specimens taken by Jordan and Snyder at Wakanoura are much deeper
in color, verging on violet. Cossyphus atrolumbus Cuvier & Valenciennes is doubt-
less based on young examples like these. The figure of L. -perditio given by Quoy
& Gaimard from a sketch made by Quoy, when his ship was apparently being
wrecked on the reefs of Tonga-tabu, is clearly incorrect; the black spot and the
pale area are both wrongly placed.

262

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

D. XII, 10; A. Ill, 12; Scales 5-34-13; head 3.5; depth 2.5.

189. Lepidaplois macrurus (Lacepede).

From Owston Collection; No. 4250a. (No label, probably from Okinawa).

190. Pseudolabrus japonicus (Houttuyn).

Misaki, No. 6158a-g; Shimonoseki, No. 6197a-b, 9 , 6202 a-b, d"; Izu.

191. Pseudolabrus gracilis (Steindachner).
Misaki.

192. Cirrhilabrus temmincki Bleeker.
Misaki, No. 6458.

Young example with the ventrals not elongate; fins darker than usual.

Fig. 33. Cirrhilabrus temmincki Bleeker. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 652).

193. Stethojulis terina Jordan & Snyder.
(Coll. Owston) Izu, No. 4305a.

Fig. 34. Stethojulis terina Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 632).

This is probably the female of the species called Stethojulis trossula.

194. Stethojulis trossula (Jordan & Snyder).
Izu, No. 4264a-b; Owston collection.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 263

Fig. 35. Stethojulis trossula (Jordan & Snyder). (From Proc. IT. B. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 633).

195. Halichoeres poecilopterus (Tcmminck & Schlegel).

Misaki, No. 6247a-c; Shimonoseki, No. 6266a-b; Osaka, No. 6186a-d.
This seems to be the male, and the form called H. pyrrhogrammus is probably
the female of the same species.

196. Julis musume (Jordan & Snyder).

From Owston Collection, No. 4115a, Okinose, Sagami Bay.

197. Thalassoma cupido (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki. No. 6425a.

198. Xyrichthys sciistius, sp. nov. (Plate XXX, fig. 3).

The following is a description of the type, 165 mm. long, from Sagami Bay,

No. 6028, C. M. Cat. of Fishes:

Head 3.33 in body, without caudal; depth 2.66; eye 6 in head; preorbital
depth 4.25; maxillary 3.4; depth of caudal peduncle 2; D. IX, 12; A. Ill, 12; scales
in lateral series twenty-five; in transverse series at middle of body 2.5/9.5.

Eye set low in head, at diameter of an eye from dorsal profile and at the level
of origin of lateral line ; dorsal edge of snout and head moderately carinate, evenly
arched from snout to dorsal origin, not more so on nape; distance from eye to dorsal
origin greater than depth of prc-orbital; latter one and two-thirds diameter of eye;
maxillary nearly reaching vertical from eye; cheek without furrow from end of
maxillary; teeth of both jaws in three or four rows, the outer conical and slightly
enlarged, the inner two granular and small; two forward pointing canines in each
jaw in front, a single smaller canine in the center of each side of the lower jaw; no
posterior canine; gill-rakers eleven on lower limb of first arch.

First two dorsal spines of very slightly greater height than the following, sub-
equal, about 3 in head; soft rays 2.5 in head; anal similar to soft dorsal; its spines
short, graduated; vent decidedly nearer snout than base of caudal; ventrals 1.33 in
head, slightly filamentous, reaching anal insertion; pectorals 1.5 in head.

264 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Body colorless, probably light red or yellowish in life, save on membranes of
spinous dorsal, on which is a row of spots of black; smaller spots are present at
the same level on the spines; peritoneum colorless.

199. Iniistius dea (Temminck & Schlegel). (Plate XXXI, fig. 7).

Sagami Bay, No. 6008a; Misaki, No. 6296a-d; Yokohama, No. 6287a, 6377a-b.

A young specimen from Sagami Bay, but eighty-four millimeters in total
length, shows the juvenile coloration well, and a figure is given on Plate XXXI.
In the adults the bands are very faint and the coloration of the fins has entirely
changed. At a length of one hundred and thirty millimeters the bands are slightly
stronger in coloration. The closely allied species, Iniistius pavoninus of the Hawaiian
Islands, shows an exactly similar change, the bands, however, being distinct in
specimens reaching as much as one hundred and fifty-five millimeters in length.
The pre-orbital depth is very much less in the young than in the adult. These
changes we have followed in detail in Iniistius pavoninus and partially in Iniistius
dea. The species are so closely allied that there is no question that the same laws
of change in color apply. A careful comparison of a large series of specimens and
measurements taken in hundredths of body-length showed no prominent differences
between Iniistius dea, I. pavoninus, and /. niger, the principal differences being
those of color.

Adult with head 3.33 to 3.5 in body; depth 2.66. Black lateral spot absent
in two specimens.

Misaki, Yokohama (Coll. Owston).

Family SCARICHTHYID^.

200. Calotomus japonicus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Misaki, No. 6187a-d.

Snout 3 in head; caudal narrowly edged with white.

Family ZEID.E.

201. Zenopsis nebulosa (Temminck & Schlegel).
Kobe.

202. Zeus japonicus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).

Tsushima Straits; Misaki, No. 6064a; Kobe, No. 6045a; Osaki, No. 6368a-d.

Family ANTIGONIID^.

203. Antigonia rubescens (Gunther).
Misaki, No. 6414a-e.

JOKDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

265

Family PLATACID^.

204. Platax teira (Forskal).

One specimen from the Owston Collection, Okinose, Sagami Bay, No. 4146a.

Family CH^TODONTID^.

205. Chaetodon setifer Bloch.
Misaki, No. 6152a.

Length eleven centimeters. This common species of the South Seas had not
been previously noted in Japan.

206. Chaetodon lunula (Lacepede).

Misaki, No. 6214a; Goto Islands, No. 6131a-b; from the Owston Collection.
These specimens agree entirely with others from Samoa and Hawaii.

207. Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus.
Misaki, No. 6138a.

Young in the rock-pools at Yogashima.

208. Microcanthus strigatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Misaki, No. 6356a-e.

Fig. 36. Heniochus macrolepidotus (Linnxus). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVI, p. 695).

266 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

209. Heniochus macrolepidotus (Linnaeus). (See Fig. 36, p. 265).

Misaki, No. 6144a-j.

Family HEPATID^.

210. Naseus unicornis (Forskal).
Misaki, No. 6136a.

Young example without frontal horn or caudal plate; D. V-27; A. II, 27.

211. Xesurus scalprum (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Yokohama; Izu; Misaki, No. 6408a-b.

212. Hepatus argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard).

Misaki, No. 7137a.

Family TEUTHIDID^.

(Siganidae) .

213. Teuthis fuscescens (Houttuyn).
Osaka, No. 6380a; Kobe, No. 6157a.

Under the rules of the International Zoological Congress, Teuthis should replace

Siganus. Originally Teuthis of Linnaeus included Hepatus Gronow — Acanthurus

Forskal. Teuthis was first restricted by Cuvier to Teuthis javus, which is a Siganus

of Forskal.

Family TRIACANTHODIMJ.

214. Triacanthodes anomalus (Temminck & Schlegel).

Misaki, No. 6143a.

Family TRIACANTHID^.

215. Triacanthus brevirostris (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, No. 6344a-b; Sagami Bay, No. 6362a-j .

D. V-22; A. 18; Head 3.75; depth 2.8. Black blotch around base of spinous

dorsal as well as on fin.

Family MONACANTHID^.

216. Monacanthus cirrhifer Temminck & Schlegel.
Shimoneseki, 6141a.

217. Monacanthus japonicus (Tilesius).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 44, fig. 39).
Kobe, No. 6044a-d (Coll. Manabe).

218. Stephanolepis cirrhifer (Temminck & Schlegel).
Yokohama, No. 6141a; Shimonoseki.

Color well-preserved; besides the usual minute longitudinal lines, two broad,
very indistinct curved bands are present between the dorsal and anal, the con-
vexities forward.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

267

219. Pseudomonacanthus nigromaculatus (Tanaka). (Plate XXXI, fig. 2).
Sagami Bay, No. 6365a; otherwise known only from Tanaka's type. We

figure our example of this interesting species.

220. Rudarius ercodes Jordan & Fowler.
Misaki, No. 6139a-o.

Fig. 37. Rudarius ercodes Jordan & Fowler. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXV, p. 270).

221. Brachaluteres ulvarum Jordan & Snyder.
Misaki, No. 6145a.

Fig. 38. Brachaluteres ulvarum Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc U. S. N. M., Vol. XXV, p. 272).

268 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family OSTRACIID^.

222. Ostracion diaphanum Bloch & Schneider.
Misaki, No. 6151a-c.

223. Ostracion stellifer Bloch & Schneider.

(Lactophys tritropis Snyder).

One specimen, No. 6447a, 8 cm. long, from Misaki. This is identical with the
cotypes of Lactophrys tritropis Snyder,3 No. 21424 Stanford University Collection,
with which it was compared. It was also compared with a specimen of L. stellifer
(Bloch) from Sydney and found identical in all respects, save the slightly smoother
appearance of the scales; counts, measurements, color, spines, and shape were the
same. The cotypes of L. tritropis Snyder, and the specimen at hand, are probably
the young of the species erroneously termed Lactophrys concatenatus (Bloch).
The original of the latter was a West Indian species, identical with Ostracion
triqueter Linnaeus, Bloch having described it and copied his plate from a drawing
by Plumer of a specimen from Martinique.4

The name Ostracion stellifer Bloch & Schneider is then the oldest name of the
species, and must be used instead of concatenatum (Bloch). The species is recorded
as stellifer by Bleeker from Japan, but the earliest reference we have found is in his
" Nieuwe Nalezingen "6 without locality other than Japan. In later lists it was
evidently termed Ostracion concatenatum.

224. Ostracion immaculatum Temminck & Schlegel.
Misaki, No. 6260a-f.

A small specimen has black spots on dorsal and lateral surfaces; the others are
normally colored.

225. Ostracion fornasini Bianconi.
Misaki (Coll. Aoki).

One young example identical with one from Lord Howe Island. Irregular
spots and lines of pigment over head and upper half of body. This species has not
before been noticed in Japan.

226. Aracana aculeata (Houttuyn).
Misaki.

Lateral ridges in young with five small spines, ventral with six.

3 Proe. U. S. N. Mus., Vol. XL., p. 536, 1912.

4 See Jordan & Evermann, Fish. N. &. M. America, Vol. II, p. 1723 ( = L. triqueter).
6 Verh. Bot. Genoot., XXVI, p. 40, 1857.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

269

Family TETRAODONTIM).

227. Spheroides spadiceus (Richardson).

Osaka, No. 6430a-b; Shimonoseki, No. 6179a-c.

Three young; some with a dark blotch at base of dorsal, upper jaw-teeth
grooved, with parallel ridges.

228. Spheroides pcecilonotus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Shimonoseki, No. 6175a.

Spots above pectorals confluent across the back. The pore-line across the
nose is convex anteriorly, not posteriorly, as described and figured by Richardson,
whose Chinese fish alboplumbeus is probably different from the Japanese form
called pcecilonotus. The specimen called Spheroides ocellahis by Jordan and Ever-
mann, from Formosa, is the same species as this.

229. Spheroides pardalis (Temminck & Schlegel).
Shimonoseki, No. 6269a.

230. Spheroides chrysops (Hilgendorf ) .
Misaki, No. 6150a.

Fig. 39. Spheroides chrysops (Hilgendorf). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 249).

Distinguished from other species of the genus by the short and deep caudal
peduncle, the extension of the pectoral over half-way to dorsal, and by the color.

231. Spheroides borealis Jordan & Snyder.
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, fig. 41, p. 46).
Misaki, No. 6116a.

232. Canthigaster rivulatus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, No. 6163a-d.

270 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family SCORP^NID^.

233. Sebastodes owstoni sp. nov. (Plate XXI, fig. 3).

Described from the type, No. 6025 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes, a
specimen from Aomori, Japan, 178 mm. in total length. Three cotypes, No.
6030a-c, are from the same locality.

Head 2.9 in body without caudal; depth 3.5; eye 3.33 in head; maxillary 2.33;
interorbital space 4.5; snout 3.5; D. XIV, 13 (or 14) ; A. Ill, 8 (or 9) ; pores in lateral
line 35; scales in longitudinal series 55 (60) (counting oblique rows); in transverse
6 from insertion of dorsal to lateral line, 16 from insertion of anal to lateral line.

Body elongate, slender; snout pointed; lower jaw with prominent symphyseal
knob; maxillary reaching vertical from center of eye; interorbital space broad, but
very slightly convex; nasal spines small, but sharp; pre-ocular spines of moderate
size, sharp; orbital rim not raised; supra-ocular and parietal ridges visible, not cov-
ered by scales, each terminating in a very small sharp spine, as does nuchal ridge;
pre-opercle with five flat spines; pre-orbital with a single sharp serration on lower
border. Teeth in a single series on mandibles, a patch on symphyseal knob; in
narrow bands in upper jaw.

Dorsal spines high, fifth and highest, 2.25 in head; last spine a half longer than
penultimate; anal spines very long, second longest, 2 in head; pectorals reaching
anal insertion, as long as head; ventrals extending to anus, two-thirds head; tip of
last anal ray, when supine, reaching to diameter of eye from first caudal ray;
caudal deeply emarginate, nearly forked.

Color in alcohol uniformly reddish, no black on fins or body. In some specimens
there are faint indications of a blackish blotch below ninth to twelfth dorsal spines
and another below middle of soft dorsal.

This species is most nearly allied to Sebastodes itinus Jordan and Starks, with
the type of which it was compared. The differences are as follows: a lesser number
of lateral line pores in S. owstoni, more prominent head armature, longer anal
spines, and longer pectoral, as well as numerous small differences in proportions.

234. Sebastodes flammeus Jordan and Starks. (Plate XXXII, fig. 1).

Two fine specimens of this species from the Hokkaido, three hundred and
thirty-seven and four hundred and seventeen millimeters in total length, No. 6463.
The type only has hitherto been known, a very poorly preserved specimen without
skin, the head stripped of skin and flesh, and the soft rays broken off. The un-
natural prominence of the head armature led Jordan and Starks to regard it as
allied to S. iracundus, but it is more nearly allied to S. steindachneri, the spines and
cranial ridges being nearly obscured by the flesh and skin in both.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 271

From 8. steindachneri it differs in the scaled mandibles and tip of snout, and
the dentition. A series of measurements taken of the type and of our specimens in
hundredths of body-length are here given, as the type is very fragile and liable to
destruction. The measurements of the type are included in parentheses:

Head without mandible .37 (.39) ; depth .31 (.31) ; eye .095-.11 (.105) ; maxillary
length .175 (.175); snout .09-.095 (.09); mandible .20 (.21); pectoral .27 (.28)
ventral rays .19; ventral spine .11-12 (.14); fourth dorsal spine .105-.112 (.135);
third anal spine .10 (.14); interorbital space .08-085 (.083); pores in lateral line
31-33; least depth of caudal peduncle .08-.09 (.085); D. XIII., 14; A. III., 8.

Pectoral reaching to vent or to anal insertion; ventrals not reaching vent by
two-thirds of eye or more; caudal emarginate; longest dorsal rays 2.5 in head,
without mandible; longest anal rays 2.33.

Spines on head very small, merely the sharp tip of each projecting above the
skin, save those of the parietals, which have a low naked ridge. Scales ctenoid,
present on whole of body, including tip of snout, maxillaries, mandibles, and basal
half of soft vertical fins. Spinous dorsal set in a narrow naked space, no scales on
its base, about seven or eight scales between lateral line and edge of* naked area.
Scales above lateral line about 75; only 31-33 with pores. Gill-rakers 9+20.

Color in alcohol uniform, apparently red in life, a dark blotch on opercular
flap; caudal a trifle dusky, and traces of a black margin on spinous dorsal. Peri-
toneum and lining of gill-cavity black.

The specimens show a variation in the lengths of fins and spines according to
their relative size, the larger specimens having the shorter fins.

In the original description of the type it was not mentioned that the teeth
in the upper jaw form a villiform band posteriorly.

235. Sebastodes inermis (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Osaka, No. 6264a.

We do not find any permanent differences by which Sebastodes giintheri Jordan
& Starks (Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, fig. 43, p. 49) can be separated from S.
inermis.

236. Sebastodes tokionis Jordan & Starks. (See Fig. 40, p. 272).
Misaki, No. 6198a-d.

237. Sebastodes joyneri (Gunther). (Plate XXXII, fig. 2).
Tsushima Straits; Osaka Market, No. 6037a-g; Miyako.

This species is rather common in Southern Japan. Our specimens are like
those called S. joyneri by Jordan & Starks. But they differ considerably in color

272 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

from Gtinther's plate. This was possibly drawn from a different and otherwise
unknown species, but more likely the plate, if correct, represents the young. We
present a figure of a specimen from Tsushima straits.

238. Sebastodes matsubarae (Hilgendorf).
Uraga channel (Coll. Owston).

239. Thysanichthys evides sp. nov. (Plate XXXII, fig. 3).

We base the accompanying description upon six specimens from Misaki, the
type, the longest, 95 mm. in total length, being No. 6019a, Carnegie Museum
Catalog of Fishes:

Head 2.5 in body-length; depth equal to head; eye 3.33 in head; snout 4;
interorbital space 3; maxillary 1.8; pores in lateral line 22; scales, counting vertical

Fig. 40. Sebastodes tokionis Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVII, p. 104).

rows above lateral line, 45; in transverse series, from insertion of anal to last dorsal
spines, 5/11; D. XIII., 10; A. III., 6.

Armature of head more developed than in Sebastichthys elegans; nasal, pre-
ocular, supra-ocular, post-ocular, tympanic, parietal, nuchal and coronal spines
present, the latter small, all very acute and all prominent; pre-orbital with three
prominent triangular, blunt points, overlapping the maxillary; suborbital stay
prominent, forming a naked sharp ridge below eye, ending at level of upper oper-
cular spine in a small spine, the ridge with two small posteriorly directed spines
(much less prominent than in Thysaninchthys crossotus). Pre-opercle with a
double upper spine, another immediately below, and a third more distant. Opercle
with two sharp, somewhat dorsally directed, spines of equal strength; a similar one
on clavicle, on post-temporal, and a smaller one immediately before the latter.
Interorbital space deeply concave, a pair of ridges separated by a sharply marked

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 273

channel, and ending occasionally in a spine. Maxillary ending below posterior
margin of orbit (not below middle, as in Thysanichthys crossotus Jordan & Starks).
Lower jaw not projecting. Gill-rakers short, 10 on anterior limb of arch.

Scales ctenoid, not present on snout and maxillary, between interorbital
regions, present on cheeks and opercles; fins naked, save base of pectoral and soft
fins; lateral line without series of filaments; which are present on spines of head in
part, none as long as in Thysanichthys crossotus.

Pectoral reaching to first anal spine; verrtrals nearly to anus; dorsal and anal
spines with channels. Fifth dorsal spine highest, 2.6 in head, thirteenth 3.166 in
head, twelfth slightly more than half of thirteenth; second anal spine longest and
strongest, 2 in head. Peritoneum white.

Color in spirits dark olivaceous, vaguely mottled.

240. Sebastichthys pachycephalus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, No. 6224a-b.

Color very dark. D. XIII., 12; A. III., 7; pores 27.

241. Sebastichthys elegans (Steindachner & Doderlein).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, fig. 45, p. 51).

Idzu Sea, No. 4325a-b; from Owston Collection, Yokohama; Shimonoseki.

242. Sebastichthys mitsukurii (Cramer).
Shimonoseki, No. 6213a-c.

243. Sebastiscus albofasciatus (Lacepede).
(Sebastes marmoratus Cuvier & Valenciennes).

A. Osaka, No. 6343a, 6346a-l. Comparison of numerous specimens fails
to show any distinction, except in color, between the common shore-form of Se-
bastiscus, called marmoratus, and the form albofasciatus, taken in deeper water.
The former is dull olive and brownish in color, the latter of vivid shades of red and
pink. Both forms are very common and some specimens seem to intergrade.

B. Tsushima Strait*: the bright red form called albofasciatus common in the
trawlers' catches. None of these has the spine below the eye, supposed to dis-
tinguish the red form from marmoratus of the shore. The eye varies greatly in size.

C. Shimonoseki, Nos. 6204, 6345a-e. Both the orange deep sea form (albo-
fasciatus) and the brown shore form (marmoratus).

D. Misaki, No. 6148a.

244. Helicolenus emblemarius Jordan & Starks. (See Fig. 41, p. 274).
Misaki, No. 6236a, young (Coll. Aoki).

274

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

245. Helicolenus hilgendorfi (Doderlein).

Misaki, No. 6241a.

Compared with H. dadylopterus from the coast of Delaware, it has a slightly
smaller eye, and fewer transverse scales above the lateral line.

Fig. 41. Helicolenus emblemarius Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVII,
p. 130).

For the present we may regard the Japanese species as distinct.

246. Scorpaena izensis Jordan & Starks.

Straits of Tsushima in rather deep water, No. 6370a-f. (Osaka market).
Hitherto known only by the types from Izu.

Fig. 42. Scorpcena izensis Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVII, p. 134).

247. Pterois lunulata Temminck & Schlegel.
Misaki, No. 6165a-g; Yawatahama.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

275

248. Dendrochirus jordani (Regan).
Misaki, No. 6211a-b.

Two specimens one hundred and forty millimeters long; D. XIII., 10; A. III., 7,
P. 20; Scales 27. Head 2.75 in length; depth 3. Eye 3.5 in head; snout 2.5.
Second ray of caudal filamentous. This is evidently the adult of the species named
Pterois jordani by Regan.

249. Paracentropogon rubripinnis (Temminck & Schlegel).
Kobe, No. 6057a (Coll. Manabe) ; Misaki, No. 6253 many.

Fig. 43. Paracentropogon rubripinnis (Temminck & Schlegel). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol.
XXVII, p. 168).

250. Apistus evolans Jordan & Starks.
Misaki, No. 6417a.
Apistus Venetians Jordan & Starks is not different from this specimen.

Fig. 44. Apistus evolans Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVII, p. 147).

276

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

251. Aploactis aspera Richardson.

Misaki, No. 6120a (Coll. Aoki).

Fig. 45. Aploactis aspera Richardson. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVIII, p. 172).

Head 3 in body; depth at ventrals 4. Eye 3.5 in head. D. III., X, 13; A. 14.
Body everywhere very densely papillate.

252. Erosa erosa (Langsdorf).
Misaki, No. 6121a.

Fig. 46. Erosa erosa (Langsdorf). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVII, p. 157).

253. Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider). (See Fig. 47, p. 277).
(Minous adamsi Richardson).

Kobe, No. 6050 (Coll. Manabe).

The Japanese form called Minous adamsi is probably not different from the
species found further south.

254. Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Misaki, No. 6341a-b.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

277

Fig. 47. Minora monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVII,
p. 153).

Family HEXAGRAMMID.E.

255. Hexagrammos otakii Jordan & Starks.
Osaka, No. 6314.

256. Agrammus agrammus (Temminck & Schlegel).

Kobe, No. 6156a (Coll. Manabe); Osake, No. 6302; Shimonoseki, No. 6199a.

Family COTTID.E.

257. Cottus pollux Glinther.

Misaki, No. 6200a; Lake Biwa at Matsubara, No. 6220a-i.

258. Furcina osimse Jordan & Starks.
Misaki, No. 6117 (Coll. Aoki).

Fig. 48. Furcina osimce Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVII, p. 305).

Dorsal spines rather higher than in type; notch in spinous dorsal deeper; two
stripes on soft dorsal.
259. Pseudoblennius marmoratus (Doderlein).

Misaki, No. 6244a-d.

278

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

260. Pseudoblennius percoides Giinther.
Misaki, No. 6251a-e.

261. Pseudoblennius cottoides (Richardson).

Misaki, No. 6252a-f.

262. Vellitor centropomus (Richardson).
Misaki, No. 6072a-b.

Fig. 49. Vellitor centropomus (Richardson). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXVII, p. 320).

Family PLATYCEPHALID^E.

263. Platycephalus indicus (Linnseus).
Misaki, No. 6303a.

264. Onigocia macrolepis (Bleeker).

Misaki, No. 6069a-b; Yawatahama, in Iyo (Coll. Manabe).

265. Onigocia spinosa (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, 6398a-d.

Fig. 50. Onigocia spinosa (Temminck & Schlegel). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXIII,
p. 633).

266. Inegocia japonica (Tilesius).
Misaki, No. 6188a, 6289a-b.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 279

Fig. 51. Incgocia japonica (Tilesiu^

;From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXIII, p. 637).

267. Inegocia crocodilus (Tilesius).

(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 54, fig. 49, as Thysanophrys).
Osaka, No. 6351 a-1.

Family HOPLICHTHYID/E.

268. Hoplichthys gilberti Jordan & Richardson.
Misaki, No. 6078a, identical with the types.

Fig. 52. Hoplichthys gilberti Jordan & Richardson. (From Proc. U. &'. N. M., Vol. XXXIII,
p. 648).

269. Hoplichthys langsdorfi Cuvier & Valenciennes.

Yawatahama, in Iyo; Misaki, No. 6017a.

We have elsewhere stated that this is not the Hoplichthys langsdorfi of Jordan
& Richardson, which is a third species, Hoplichthys regani Jordan. These speci-
mens agree with the plate of H. langsdorfi of Cuvier & Valenciennes, except that
the number of anal rays is seventeen. //. langsdorfi differs from the other two
species in having two well-developed spines on each body-scute, instead of one,
as in H. gilberti, H. regain, and the Hawaiian species, H. citrinus.

Scutes 27; D. VI.-15; A. 17. Eye 4.5 in head, pectoral appendages not
reaching tip of pectoral by 1.25 diameter of eye. Height of spinous dorsal 3.66 in
head.

280 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family BEMBRID.E.

270. Bembras japonicus Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Nagasaki, one example, No. 4167a.

Family AGONID^.

271. Tilesina gibbosa Schmidt. (Plate XXXIII, fig. 1).
Hokkaido, Japan, No. 6022a-f. An adult and a number of yourg.

This species is described in Russian in Schmidt's Pisces Marium Orientalium
ana beautifully figured. In order to provide a description for those unable to read
Russian our adult specimen is here described, length 29 cm.

Head 4.5 in body without caudal, 5.2 in total length; depth 2.33 in head;
D. XVIII-9; A. 26; P. 15; V. I, 2; body-plates 51, transverse 5; eye 5.5 in head;
snout 3; maxillary 3.66; interorbital space 8; breadth at opercles 2.

Head conical; snout somewhat elongate; lower jaw strongly projecting; maxil-
lary just failing to reach anterior border of eye; pre-orbital swollen, where it covers
maxillary; each plate on sides of head and temporal region with a blunt apex or a
sharp spine, those on opercles and cheek highest; a rough ridge forming upper
posterior border of eye; each plate of body with a posteriorly directed sharp spine,
rows converging on breast, with blunter spines in this region; lateral line with a
small series of spinate plates half the breadth of those above them ; three plates on
base of pectoral; line of back between occiput and dorsal with small spinules in an
irregular row, belly similar in posterior half; anterior half of median line of belly
soft, not armed; anus midway between insertion of anal and isthmus.

Spinous dorsal inserted over seventh body-plate; first spine highest, 1.75 in
head, last adnate to back; insertion of second dorsal three plates posterior to tip
of last spine, over thirty-second body-plate, first ray 2.5 in head; caudal 1.66 in
head; anal inserted opposite sixteenth body-plate, its termination two plates
posterior to that of soft dorsal; pectoral reaching insertion, first ten rays of nearly
equal length; ventrals under pectoral base, reaching half-way to anal.

Color nearly uniform on body, a narrow dark stripe through eye from snout,
continued as a row of spots along lateral line, more distant posteriorly; two upper
pectoral rays dark, two indistinct transverse rows of spots in upper half of pectoral;
dorsal, anal, and caudal uniformly dark-hued, nearly black.

272. Brachyopsis rostratus (Tilesius). (Plate XXXIII, fig. 2).
Taruku Island, Nemuro, Hokkaido, No. 6032 (Coll. Owston).

This agrees with specimens from the Kuriles. D. varying from VII-8 to
IX-8. Body-plates 45.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 281

Family CYCLOGASTERID^.

273. Cyclogaster tanakae Gilbert & Burke.

Three large specimens, No. 6350a-c, from Aomori, the two smaller lacking
" thumb-tack " prickles; two from Misaki, No. 6355a-b, and two from Oshima,
with prickles well developed. The longest is three hundred and seven ty-five
millimeters in total length.

274. Cyclogaster Agassizii (Putnam).
Hokkaido, No. 6301a (Coll. Owston).
D. 42; A. 34; P. 36.

275. Cyclogaster frenatum Gilbert & Burke.
Misaki, No. 6093a (Coll. Owston).

One example 90 cm. long, differing from the type in having the vertical fins
largely black; otherwise the same.

276. Careproctus burkei sp. nov. (Plate XXXIV, figs. 2 and 2a).

Described from the type, No. 6457, Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes, a
female 92 mm. in total length, and a female cotype, 83 mm. long, both from Yoko-
hama Market, doubtless from outside the heads of Awa and Boshu. The measure-
ments are given in hundredths of body-length to base of caudal, those of the cotj'pe
in parenthesis.

Length of head .245 (.235); depth .25; width of head .20; eye .05; snout
.75; maxillary .07 (.08); longitudinal diameter of disk .10; distance snout to
disk .15 (.13); disk to vent .18 (.14); snout to vent .40 (.35); depth of caudal
peduncle .04; length of upper pectoral lobe .16; of lower pectoral lobe .125; gill-
slit .07; interocular space .075; distance vent to insertion of anal .135; snout to
dorsal .30; D. 37; A. 30; C. 14; P. 33.

Body deep, not quite as wide as deep at opercle; tail strongly compressed;
mouth nearly transverse; tip of maxillary not reaching eye; snout slightly over-
hanging premaxillaries, rounded in profile; nostrils tubular, without flap, situated
at level of pupil; teeth simple, in broad bands, blunt. Gill-opening not extending
below first pectoral ray, set somewhat obliquely.

Dorsal not notched, first rays low, increasing in height until middle of fin; anal
similar; dorsal and anal joined to caudal by its basal third, last rays not shortened
in either; pectoral notch shallow, lower lobe extending just beyond posterior margin
of disk, its rays but half an eye-diameter longer than those of notch.

Color in alcohol reddish; distal half of pectoral dusky; dorsal and anal some-
what darker than pectoral, anal much more deeply colored than dorsal; caudal dusky,
peritoneum colorless, as is buccal cavity.

282 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Named for Dr. Charles Victor Burke who has specially studied the Cyclo-
gasteridse.

277. Careproctus gilberti sp. nov. (Plate XXXIV, figs. 7 & 7a).

Described from the type, No. 6456, a specimen much shrunken by strong
alcohol, from Misaki, Sagami Bay, Japan, 16 cm. in total length. The measure-
ments are given in hundredths of body-length to correspond with the comprehensive
paper recently published by Gilbert and Burke on the Japanese Cyclogasteridce.

Head .25; width of same .17; interocular width .10; width at angles of mouth .12;
length of snout .09; eye .06; maxillary .12; width of gill-slit .06; depth of body .19;
distance from snout to disk .19; from snout to anus .34; snout to anal fin .42; snout
to dorsal insertion .28; transverse diameter of disk .08; distance disk to anus 7;
longest ray in upper pectoral lobe 17, in lower 12. D. 45; A. 38; P. 32.

Body elongate, compressed; head deeper than wide; dorsal profile most strongly
curved on snout; jaws subequal; maxillary extending to below anterior border of
pupil; eyes high, reaching dorsal profile as in Careproctus curilanus; nostril at level
of upper edge of pupil; teeth coarse, in bands in both jaws, simple, not trilobed,
depressible. Gill-opening extending to second pectoral ray. Pectorals not deeply
notched, rays of lower lobe slightly produced as filaments. Anterior dorsal rays
half length of posterior rays, latter .10 of body-length; former with tips slightly
produced; first anal rays .07, last .10; dorsal and anal adnate to caudal by one-fourth
its length, last ray in each slightly shorter than preceding rays. Disk beginning
under, or slightly behind, posterior margin of eye and reaching to below point of
opercle, separated by its own transverse diameter from anus, which resembles that
of Careproctus pycnosoma in position.

Color faded or lacking. Peritoneum jet-black.

This is named for Dr. Charles Henry Gilbert.

Family TFJGLID.E.

278. Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson & Carnot).

Osaka, No. 6325a-b; Misaki, No. 6282a-c; Misaki, No. 6282a-c; Matsushima

279. Chelidonichthys ischyrus sp. nov. (Plate XXXV, fig. 1).

Described from the type, No. 6459 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes, a
specimen one hundred and fifty millimeters in total length, coming from Sagami
Bay, Japan, and collected by Mr. Alan Owston.

Head 2.5 in body-length to base of caudal; depth 3.66; eye 3.66 in head; snout
2. 1 66 ; interorbital space two-thirds of eye ; dorsal rays X-16 (last spine rudimentary) ;
anal rays 15; scales 67 in lateral line, 8/5 in transverse series; gill-rakers 1 + 10.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 283

Body subcylindrical, deep, and relatively shorter than in Chelidonichthys kumu;
snout with two low lobes, each with four very short spines or serrations; maxillary
reaching to anterior border of orbit. Two prominent preocular spines, and one
blunt postocular present; a prominent transverse furrow behind the latter. Nuchal
region rough.

Dorsal inserted between tips of nuchal spines; third spine 2 in head; third ray
2.66; first anal rays 3.33 in head; pectoral 1.9 in body length, reaching to base of
last ray; ventrals extending to fifth anal ray; upper pectoral appendage 3.33 in
body.

Scales minute, imbricate, but partially imbedded, those of lateral line slightly
enlarged; shields along dorsals twenty-five in number, their edges smooth through-
out, spinous projections well-marked and sharp.

Color of alcoholic specimens dark, without silvery reflections; an indefinite
dark space between orbit and corner of mouth, also on lower edge of opercle; two
dark spots below spinous dorsal opposite third and tenth scutes and one on lateral
line, one opposite sixteenth dorsal scute, and at end of dorsal, an indefinite one
below each on lateral line. Spinous dorsal black on distal half; soft dorsal colorless;
pectorals black inside; ventrals tipped with dark; caudal dusky at tip; anal clear.

This species differs from Chelidonichthys kumu in its larger scales, larger eye,
larger head, and extent of pectoral. Its scales are much smaller than those of
Lepidotrigla. From L. japonica, which it resembles, it may be easily distinguished
by the scales, by the lesser depth of the postocular furrow, and shorter nasal pro-
cesses.

280. Lepidotrigla alata (Houttuyn).
Misaki, No. 6099a.

281. Lepidotrigla giintheri Hilgendorf.
Misaki, No. 6242a-b; Osaka, 6379a-e.

282. Lepidotrigla strauchii Steindachner.

Lepidotrigla microptera Jordan & Richardson, not of Gunther, which is a
Chinese species.

Osaka, from Matsushima Bay, No. 6328a-b; Sendai, No. 6305a; Sagami Bay;
Misaki, No. 6434a-e.

Spinous dorsal blotch present in young.

283. Lepidotrigla japonica (Bleekcr). (See Fig. 53, p. 284).
Misaki, No. 6270a-l.

284

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Fig. 53. Lepidotrigla japonica (Bleeker). (From Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., Vol. XXIII, p. 596).

284. Lepidotrigla abyssalis Jordan & Starks.

Tsushima Straits, obtained in the Osaka Market, No. 6262a-g.

Fig. 54. Lepidotrigla abyssalis Jordan & Starks. (From Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., Vol. XXII,
p. 595).

Some specimens have a red spot on the dorsal, placed as the black spot in
other species. Serrations of second dorsal spine variable.

Family PEPJSTEDIID.E.

285. Peristedion orientale Temminck & Schlegel. (See Fig. 55, p. 285).
Misaki, No. 6300a-c.

Family CEPHALACANTHID.E.

286. Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Sodokatsu, Yokohama, No. 6307a, Misaki, No. 6100a.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 285

Fig. 55. Peristcdion orientate Temminck & Schlegel. (From Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., Vol. XXII,
p. 593).

We have before us a young example of Dactyloptena orientalis (No. 6307a)
sixty-eight millimeters long, with a black spot on pectoral as in D. cheirophthalmus
(Bleeker) .

One small specimen, fifty-six millimeters in total length, from Misaki, (No.
6100a) is with slight hesitation identified as D. orientalis, because of the very much
greater proportionate length of the head and spines, large eye, and long dorsal spine.
An examination of a series of individuals shows that in this species this is a char-
acter of the young. The following table illustrates the changes with age and the
peculiarities of the specimen before us. The fin and scale-counts are typical.

Length"

Head

Snout to tip of scapular spine . .

Eye

Pectoral

Dorsal spine

Interorbital space

Distance from snout to occiput.

Hilo,
Hawaii.

Queens-
land,

Australia.

Wakanoura

Kii, Japai

I.

215 mm.

14S

122

115

95

82

24

25

26

25

26

28

37

38

38

39

41

43

8.5

9.0

8.5

9.0

10.0

11.0

95

87

90

92

84

91

35

33

35

36

36

37

13

13

14

13.5

15

16

20

21

20

21

22

24

Misaki,
Japan.

56

32

52

14.0

81

44

19

82

By Jordan and Richardson7 it is stated that Dactyloptena orientalis lacks a
lateral line, but a close examination shows its presence in fully functional condition
with developed tube and pores. The distinction raised between this genus and

" Body-length, to base of caudal, in terms of hundredths of which the other measurements are
given.

' Proc. U. S. N. Mus., Vol. XXXIII, p. 664, 1908.

286

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Ebisinus Jordan and Richardson, does not exist, and Ebisinus cheirophthalmus
(Bleeker) is generically identical with Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier and Valen-
ciennes), and D. gilberti Snyder. The statement made by the same authors as to
the absence of the lateral line in Cephalacanthus, Dactyloptena, and Daicocus is
incorrect, as the pores are invariably present, although obscured by great develop-
ment of the scale process which lies at right angles to the keel, and slightly oblique
to the surface of the body. It is very indistinct in Cephalacanthus, but by clearing
a piece of the skin in glycerin and observing it under the microscope the presence
of pores is easily demonstrated in all these forms.

Family GOBIID^E.
287. Eviota abax (Jordan & Snyder).

Misaki, No. 6413a-j, numerous specimens.

Fig. 56. Eviota abax (Jordan & Snyder). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 40).

As compared with the types, the males have the first spine of the dorsal much
elongated, reaching fourth or fifth ray of second dorsal; ventrals nearly black, with
a white margin; anal much darker; scale-markings much more decided.

288. Odontobutis obscurus (Temminck and Schlegel).

Lake Biwa, at Matsubara, No. 6243a-l; Okayama, No. 6429a-b.

The reference of this species to the East Indian genus Mogurnda is premature.

289. Periophthalmus cantonensis (Osbeck).
Nagoya, No. 6054a.

290. Ctenogobius similis (Gill).

(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, Plate X, fig. 3).
Lake Biwa at Matsubara, No. 6079a-d.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

291. Ctenogobius virgatulus Jordan & Snyder.

Kobe, No. 6092a (Coll. Manabe); Misaki, 6126 many.

287

6WV»TA

Fig. 57. Gkbogwbius virgatulus Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 64).

292. Ctenogobius pflaumi (Bleeker).
Misaki, No. 6123a.

293. Ctenogobius atriceps Regan.
Nagoya, No. 6133a-d (Coll. Kingsbury).

D. VI-12; A. 11. Scales 36-14. Last dorsal rays not quite reaching caudal.
This species, which is near C. similis, has been known hitherto only from the type,
which came from Kobe.

294. Mugilogobius abei (Jordan & Snyder).
Nagoya, No. 6135a, Shimbara.

Fig. 58. Mugilogobius abei (Jordan and Snyder). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 55).

This species is the type of Smitt's genus Mugilogobius, which seems to be the
same as Vaimosa of Jordan & Seale.

295. Aboma snyderi Jordan & Fowler.

Nagoya, No. 6124a-c.

Head 3.33; depth 5.33; scales 53. D. VIII-14; A. 12. Opercle partly scaled
above. In the original types as figured, the color, being faded, is not well shown.

288

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Each dorsal spine has four spots, making four parallel lines, save on the last three
spines, which have two larger spots. Four lines on the soft dorsal are parallel with
the line of the back.

Fig. 59. Aboma snyderi Jordan & Fowler. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXV, p. 575).

296. Cryptocentrus filifer (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Kobe, No. 6089a (Coll. Manabe).

Fig. 60. Cryptocentrus filifer (Cuvier & Valenciennes). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV,
p. 73).

297. Glossogobius brunneus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Nagoya, No. 6062a; Kobe, No. 6431a (Coll. Manabe).

298. Chaenogobius macrognathus (Bleeker).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 56, fig. 53).

A. Misaki, 6104a-b, 6426 a-i.

No dark blotch on first dorsal; sides without spots; cheeks finely and evenly
punctate with small brown dots. Caudal peduncle 2 in head.

B. Yokohama.

D. VI-13; A. 11. Scales 73.

JOKDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 289

299. Chloea sarchynnis Jordan & Snyder.
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 56, fig. 53).
Misaki, No. 6129a.

300. Chasmichthys gulosus (Sauvage).

(Saccostoma gulosus Sauvage; Chasmias niisakius Jordan & Snyder).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, PI. X, fig. 2).

Kobe, No. 6403a-b (Coll. Manabe) ; Goto Islands (Owston) ; Misaki, No. 6313
many.

301. Chasmichthys dolichognathus (Hilgendorf).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 56, fig. 55).
Misaki, No. 6255 many.

302. Pterogobius daimio Jordan and Snyder.
Misaki, No. 6107a-d.

As elsewhere stated, there are both males and females among the specimens
referred to this species. It is not therefore the male of Pterogobius elapoides.

The latter species ranges farther to the northward. It is less brightly colored,
and has one more cross-bar at the base of the caudal.

303. Pterogobius elapoides (Gunther).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 56, fig. 54).
Misaki, Iyo.

304. Pterogobius zacalles Jordan & Snyder.
Misaki, No. 6233a.

Fig. 61. Pterogobius zacnllcs Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 94).

Larger than the types, one hundred and fifty-five millimeters.

305. Acanthogobius navimanus (Temminck & Schlegel).

Shimonoseki, No. 6201a; Osaka, No. 6256a-f; Kobe, No. 6213a-b (Coll.
Manabe); Misaki, No. 6095a; Matsushima, No. 6261a; Nagoya, No. 6445a-h.

306. Parachaeturichthys polynemus (Bleeker).
Shimonoseki, No. 6071a.

290

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

307. Chaeturichthys sciistius Jordan & Snyder.
Shinabara, No. 6041a, No. 4257a.

Fig. 62. Chceturichthys sciistius Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 108).

308. Chaeturichthys hexanemus Bleeker.

Kobe, No. 6111a; Shimonoseki, No. 6159a-g.

309. Aionosus geneionemus (Hilgendorf). (Plate XXXV, fig. 2).
Misaki, No. 6005.

The largest specimen is ninety millimeters long. This example we figure.
The maxillary reaches anterior edge of pupil; membrane of first and second,
dorsal spine with a dark blotch on its distal half. A dark spot at base of caudal.

310. Doryptena tanegashimae Snyder.
One specimen from Yawatahama, Iyo.

•-^.

Fig. 63. Doryptena tanegashimm Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XLII, PI. 59, fig. 2).

Dorsals more darkly colored, otherwise like Snyder's types.

311. Tridentiger obscurus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, No. 6053a.

312. Tridentiger bifasciatus Steindachner.
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI., p. 56, fig. 58).
Nagoya, No. 6130.

313. Sicyopterus japonicus (Tanaka). (Plate XXXV, fig. 3).
Misaki, No. 6427a-h; Hiyuga in Kiusiu.

Numerous specimens, the longest, one hundred and twenty-five millimeters,
figured in Plate XXXV.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

291

Schlegel's Sicydium obscurum is probably the same as Tridentiger squami-
strigatus of Hilgendorf, with which Jordan and Snyder have identified it. The
description fits the Sicyopterus almost equally well, and the drawing diverges from
both.

314. Clariger cosmurus Jordan & Snyder.

Misaki, No. 6075a-b.

A double row of papillae below eye, continuous anteriorly with a row along
upper orbital edge. Two sharp dermal ridges extending posteriorly from tip of
snout as far as eye. Double serrated folds diverging from tip of lower jaw. Nasal
tubules prominent. Two pairs of longitudinally set dermal flaps on tip of lower

Fig. 64. Clariger cosmurus Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 121).

jaw, one behind the other, these not true barbels, but parts of the dermal folds.
Median line of body with about twenty-five pores. Scales in four or five rows on
caudal peduncle, one row extending forward to middle of dorsal. Second and third
dorsal spines wide-set.

This rare species is one of the most peculiar among the gobies. Its color-
pattern is variable, the opposed saddles on caudal peduncle very shallow in young;
lateral stripes along body much narrowed; caudal nearly plain dark; eight spots
along upper edge of stripes in one adult, in the other represented by a ragged edge;
white areas coarsely punctate, with small brown dots.

315. Leucopsarion petersi Hilgendorf.
Kobe, No. 6068a-b (Coll. Manabe).

Fig. 65. Leucopsarion petersi Hilgendorf. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 126).

316. Luciogobus elongatus Regan. (See Fig. 66, p. 292).
Misaki, No. 6052a; Lake Biwa, No. 6226a-g.

292

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Fig. 66. Luciogobius elongatus Regan. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 124).

This elongate form, as noted by Jordan and Snyder, seems scarcely different
from Luciogobius guttatus. It is slenderer, has a slightly longer mouth, and a paler
color than the latter.

317. Trypauchen wakae Jordan & Snyder.
Kobe, No. 6234a-b (Coll. Manabe).

Fig. 67. Trypauchen wakm Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 127).

Family CHAMPSODONTID^.

318. Champsodon vorax Giinther.
Misaki, No. 6108a; Iyo.

Family PTEROPSAFJDjE.

319. Parapercis pulchella (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, No. 6433a.

320. Parapercis ommatura Jordan & Snj^der.
Kobe, No. 6113a-b (Coll. Manabe).

Fig. 68. Parapercis ommatura Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 465).

321. Neopercis multifasciata (Doderlein).
Misaki, No. 6246a.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 293

Agreeing well with Doderlein's account. There are eleven black cross-bars
and a dark blotch.

322. Neopercis sexfasciata (Temminck & Schlegel).
Shimonoseki, No. 6217a.

Family OPISTHOGNATHID^E.

323. Owstonia totomiensis Tanaka.

Coll. Owston. Totomi Bay (original cotypes).

This remarkable fish is apparently an ally of Opisthognathus and Gnathypops.

324. Gnathypops iyonis Jordan & Thomspon.
Yawatahama, in Iyo; Kiusiu (Coll. Manabe).

Family URANOSCOPIDJE.

325. Uranoscopus japonicus Houttuyn.
Misaki, No. 6279a; Osaka, No. 6265a-c.

326. Uranoscopus oligolepis Bleeker.
Misaki, No. 6319a-b (Coll. Aoki).

Lower jaw broader in front than in U. japonicus, and with a prominent fringe;
head rougher; eyes much closer to premaxillary; pectoral much longer; ventrals
longer. Caudal not dusky.

327. Ichthyscopus lebeck (Schneider).
Osaka, No. 6364a.

328. Ariscopus iburius Jordan & Snyder.
Kobe, No. 6084a (Coll. Manabe).

Fig. 69. Ariscopus iburius Jordan & Snyder._ (From Proc. U. 8. N. M., VoL XXIV, p. 479).

Hitherto known only from Iburi in the Hokkaido, in the north of Japan.

Family CALLIONYMID.K.
329. Callionymus valenciennesi Temminck & Schlegel.
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 59, fig. 59).

294

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Misaki, No. G190a-b; Shimonoseki, No. 6299a; The longest specimen is 10.5
inches in length.
330. Callionymus lunatus Temminck & Schlegel.

Misaki, No. 6443a.

Fig. 70. Callionymus lunatus Temminck & Schlegel. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXV, p.

949).

331. Calliurichthys japonicus (Houttuyn).
Misaki, No. 6285a-d.
Preopercular spine on one side, with two hooks, but typical on the other.

Fig. 71. Calliurichthys japonicus (Houttuyn). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXV, p. 942).

332. Calliurichthys doryssus Jordan & Fowler.
Misaki, No. 6402a-c (Coll. Aoki).

Fig. 72. Calliurichthys doryssus Jordan & Fowler. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXV, p. 946).

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 295

333. Synchiropus ijimae sp. nov. (Plate XXXVI, fig. 1).

The type described, No. 6015a Carnegie Museum Cat. of Fishes, is a specimen
which came from Misaki and is sixty-five millimeters in total length.

Head 3.16 in length to base of caudal; depth 5; eye 4 in head; snout 3.66; width
of body at opercles 1.5 in head, 1.16 times in depth; D. IV-8; A. 7; P. 18; V 1-5;
eighteen or twenty pores in lateral line.

Body but little depressed, nearly as deep as wide at head, more so posteriorly;
its form quite unlike that of the Japanese species of Callionymus; eyes large, ob-
liquely set, projecting above profile of head; bone of interorbital space very narrow,
3.33 in pupil of eye; suborbital space 6.5 in head; maxillary reaching anterior edge
of eye; pre-opercular spine with two hooks, one at its tip, and another, as strong
above; gill-opening circular, small, at upper angle of opercle; latter with a loose,
fold of skin below forming a flap-like lower edge above ventrals, this not free at
tip of opercle; teeth of both narrow jaws anteriorly in broad bands, which poster-
iorly diminish in breadth.

Insertion of spinous dorsal over point of pre-opercular spine ; all its rays filiform,
membrane extending along three-fifths of first spine, one-half of third spine and
two-fifths of fourth spine; first spine slightly longer than head, second somewhat
longer, 2.5 in head; second dorsal of equal height save for last somewhat elongate
rays; anterior rays 1.6 in head; last ray reaching to base of upper rudimentary
caudal rays, as does last of anal; caudal rounded; anal rays 2 in head, insertion
below first and second rays of soft dorsal; pectoral reaching beyond anal insertion;
ventrals of like extent, their bases in large part anterior to those of pectorals;
membrane from inner ray attached to middle of pectoral base.

Color in alcohol light, with brown spots arranged across body in seven bands
as wide as eye, these bands tending to coalesce extensively on lower side of flanks
before being lost in colorless lower surface of body; cheeks and suborbitals with
similar or slightly smaller brown spots more clearly defined than those of body;
a brown blotch as large as pupil below pre-opercular spine; spinous dorsal with
narrow sinuous streaks and shadings of brown; soft dorsal broadly banded with
brown; bands running downward and backward to base of fin as they pass backward ;
membrane between last rays dark brown; caudal with four or five cross-bands, plain-
est on upper and lower rays; pectoral with five or six brown cross-bands; ventrals
with inner rays dark brown at tip; body indefinitely clouded elsewhere, with a
number of small clear spots on membrane connecting with mid-pectoral base; anal
rays tipped with white, their membranes darkened in margin.

This species is named for Mr. Isao Ijima, Professor of Zoology in the Imperial
University of Tokyo.

296 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

We refer it with some doubt to the genus Synchiropus Gill. It is very close
to Synchiropus lili described by Jordan and Seale from Samoa, but it may not be
congeric with Synchiropus opercularis, the type of the genus. Except for the
compressed head, the species are very much like Callionymus.

334. Calymmichthys xenicus gen. et sp. nov. (Plate XXXVI, fig. 2).

We give description of the type, No. 6027, Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes,
one hundred and thirty-five millimeters in total length, which came from Sagami
Bay.

Head 3.5 in body-length to base of caudal; depth 7.5; eye 5 in head (including
opercular flap) ; snout 3 ; interorbital space 5 in snout ; maxillary 3.2 in head ; D. IV-8 ;
A.7;C. 11; P. 19; twenty-two pores in lateral line.

Body cylindrical, tapering evenly to caudal; breadth of depressed head behind
pre-opercular spines equal to distance from anterior border of eye to tip of opercular
flap; interorbital space narrow, its width 3 in eye; snout long, straight in profile, as
is dorsal surface of head; profile arched over eye; interorbital space and dorsal
surface of snout flat, forming an angle with sloping sides of head and snout; maxil-
lary of peculiar shape, its angle forming a prominent knob at angle of mouth under
anterior border of eye; depth of space between snout and premaxillaries two-thirds
length of eye; teeth in upper jaw in broad, villiform, semicircular patch, not ex-
tending beyond apex of arch in sides of jaw; teeth in lower jaws along whole length
of mandibular rami anteriorly, of breadth and shape to correspond to those in
upper jaw; vomer and palatines toothless; pre-opercular spine as long as eye, with
seven spinules as long as width of spine on dorsal edge, all antrorse but last two; a
strong tooth at base pointing forward; opercle with distinct free flap, as in Syn-
chiropus opercularis, its tip free, its length equal to diameter of eye; gill-opening
small, not as large as pupil, at upper angle of opercle; upper surface of head with
slightly roughened patch on bony surface, larger than eye.

First dorsal spine elongate, 3.25 in body-length, second 7.5, last two-thirds
length of second, all when supine reaching approximately base of first ray of second
dorsal; first ray of latter 6.33 in body-length; last double ray elongate, 4 in body;
extending to base of caudal rays; latter slightly less than length of head; tips of rays
slightly exserted; first anal ray 10 in body, last 6; latter not reaching caudal; anal
membranes strongly incised ; pectorals 1.5 in head; ventrals 4.33; upper membrane
beginning at level of fourth pectoral ray, extending beyond anal insertion.

Lateral line with long, low arch anteriorly, as long as head and two-thirds di-
ameter of eye from dorsal base at its end. A thin but prominent fold of skin ex-
tending from pectoral tips to base of caudal, flexed upward.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 297

Color in alcohol dark brown, five indistinct cross-bars of darker brown as wide
or wider than eye on upper part of body, first under spinous dorsal second under
insertion of second, last on middle of caudal peduncle; between these cross-bars
indefinite reticulations of darker brown; cheeks, side of snout, and opercular
membranes with, narrow sinuous lines margined differently with white, five or six
present on lower membrane of eye; a dark blotch above and behind pre-opercular
spine; spinous dorsal without striking coloration; indefinite large whitish spots in
reticulations of darker color present; soft dorsal with two rows of indefinite, fused
spots throughout; one or more on first rays and two more on last; soft dorsal and
upper half of caudal with three narrow lines of dark along margin; caudal with three
cross-bars of dark, intervening lighter areas set with minute, oblong, sharply defined
spots of brown, with lighter centers; some of these also found on last dorsal ray;
anal spots uniformly dark brown; pectoral with four or five irregular rows of these
spots, on basal half ocellated with white, and a distal cross-stripe of white on upper
half; ventrals uniformly dark, save for occasional darker spots on basal portion.

The peculiar form of the maxillary, the fold of skin along the side of the body,
the opercular flap, and many-hooked spine of the pre-opercle, distinguishes this new
genus, Calymmichthys from all other Japanese Callionymidce. The opercular flap
is found in Synchiropus opercularis (Cuvier and Valenciennes) from India. The
hooked spine is found in Calliurichthys but in that genus these hooks are so small
as to be called serrations.

Family GOBIESOCID.E.

335. Aspasma minimum (Doderlein).
Misaki, No. 6076a.

According to Tanaka (Journ. Coll. Sci., Tokyo, XXVII; 1909, p. 25) Aspasma
laticephalum Tanaka differs from this species in having several rows of villiform
teeth. It then stands alone among Japanese species and is apparently referable
rather to the European genus Mirbella Canestrini.

The dorsal rays in A. minimum are 7, the anal 6. In A . ciconicc we have D. 12;
A. 8. In A. misakium, D. 14; A. 12.

336. Aspasma misakium Tanaka.

Misaki, No. 6128a. Longest specimen 5.8 cm. in length.

A shade of pink still left in spirits. This species differs from .4. ciconias in
the lesser breadth, much smaller disk, and in the greater number of rays in the
dorsal and anal fins, as well as in the character, given by Tanaka, of the shorter
maxillary and coalescent vertical fins. Teeth in both jaws in one row.

298

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Family CLINID.E.

337. Enneapterygius etheostoma (Jordan & Snyder).
Misaki, No. 6237a.

338. Zacalles bryope Jordan & Snyder.
Misaki, No. 6102a-h.

Fig. 73. Zacalles bryope Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXV, p. 449).

Family BLENNIID.E.

339. Aspidontus elegans (Steindachner).
Misaki, No. 6229 many.

340. Scartichthys enosimse Jordan & Snyder.
Misaki, No. 6416a-d.

341. Salarias andersoni Jordan & Starks.
Okinawa, Riu Kiu Islands, No. 6127a.

Fig. 74. Salarias andersoni Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXX, p. 703).

Family XIPHIDIID^.
342. Bryostemma otohime Jordan & Snyder. (See Fig. 75, p. 299).

Nanba, No. 6272a (Coll. Owston).

A very large example, two hundred and sixty millimeters long, the color pattern
indistinct.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

299

Fig. 75. Bryostemma olohime Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXV, p. 40(1).

343. Enedrias nebulosus (Temminck & Schlegel).
(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 64, fig. 64.)
Shimonoseki, Misaki, No. 6208.

344. Zoarchias veneficus Jordan & Snyder.
Misaki.

Fig. 76. Zoarchias veneficus Jordan & Snyder. (From Proc. U. S. X. M., Vol. XXV, p. 481).

345. Dictyosoma burgeri Van der Hceven.

Misaki, No. 6277 many; Goto Islands, No. 6401a (Coll. Owston).

346. Ernogrammus hexagrammus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Kobe, No. 6098a (Coll. Manabe).

Fig. 77. Ernogrammus hexagrammus (Temminck & Schlegel). (From Proc. U. S. X. M., Vol.
XXV, p. 490).

Family ATELEOPODID.E.

347. Ateleopus japonicus Bleeker. (Plate XXXVII, fig. 1).
Misaki, No. 6389a-b; Sagami Bay, No. 6001a-b.

The longest specimen is sixty-five centimeters in length. The anal varies in

depth of color.

Family LYCODID.E.

348. Zoarces elongatus Kner.

Tretiapodi, Saghalin, No. 6330a-c (Coll. Owston).

349. Lycodes tanakse sp. nov. (Plate XXXVII, fig. 2).

300 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

The type is a specimen four hundred and sixty millimeters in total length, from
Noto, in Hondo, Japan, No. 6004 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.

Head 4.4 in length; depth 8.75 (2 in head); maxillary 2.6 in head; eye 8; snout
3.5; pectoral 1.6; ventral 1.33 in eye; D. 97; A. 76; P. 20; V. 3.

Lower jaw included, teeth of upper exposed; maxillary ending under center of
eye; snout vertical at tip; skin of maxillaries continued as a prominent flap forward
half the length of mandible; free inner edge of mandibular rami produced as flaps
of greatest height (1.66 in eye) anteriorly, forming there a right-angled projection
immediately below symphysis of lower jaw; teeth in upper jaw extending but half
distance from snout to end of maxillary, in a single row, coarse and large, slightly
hooked; teeth in lower jaw closing between those of upper jaw and palatines; a
single series posteriorly, large and strong, most so at middle of lower jaw, where it
is replaced by two well-separated rows of much smaller teeth; palatine teeth similar
to those in upper jaw; in a single row on each side; vomer with two larger and
stronger canine teeth pointing backwards. Anus half diameter of eye further from
flap of opercle than is tip of snout.

Dorsal inserted over middle of pectoral, nearly the length of the snout behind
the upper angles of the gill-openings, its longest rays posteriorly, where they are
half again as long as anteriorly; dorsal and anal united and continuous with caudal;
anal similar to dorsal, its insertion under the twenty-fourth ray of dorsal; length of
pectoral 1.5 in head; ventrals 1.33 in eye.

Scales scattered sparsely over tail and sides of body as far forward as
diameter of eye in front of dorsal insertion; none on head, belly, or pectorals; dorsal
and anal scaled posteriorly nearly to margin, anteriorly more and more in base
alone until the first rays are scaleless.

Color in general formed by brown reticulations around vague white blotches,
latter best developed near base of dorsal, on its lower half and on dorsal surface
of head, brown, becoming nearly uniform on flanks; belly white, as is ventral surface
of head; dorsal and anal margined with brownish black, narrowly anteriorly, but so
broad posteriorly and on caudal as to color half of fins; frequently a white oblique
streak interrupting the marginal color; twelve or thirteen of these on dorsal, ar-
ranged in pairs; one or two on anal; pectorals margined with dusky, with a colorless
edge.

This species is very near Lycodes palearis and L. brevipes. In color it resembles
to some degree L. reticulatus of the Atlantic.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 301

Family CARAPID^.

(Fierasferidce) .

350. Jordanicus sagamianus (Tanaka).
Misaki, No. 6070a.

This specimen corresponds to the account of Campus sagamianus, except

that the anal is under the base of the pectorals. It corresponds closely to the

figure given by Franz. The maxillary being bound in the skin of the head, the

species should be referred to Jordanicus Gilbert {J. umbratilis from Hawaii), and

not to Campus (Fierasfer).

Family OPHIDIID^.

351. Otophidium asiro Jordan & Fowler.

Several specimens from Misaki, No. 6189a-b. Only the original type hitherto
has been known.

Fig. 78. Otophidium asiro Jordan & Fowler. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXV, p. 752).

Snout 2.2 to 2.5 in maxillary, which is 2.25 in head; longest ventral filament
2 in head. Tip of caudal colorless in all cases, although the dorsal and anal are
broadly margined with black.

Family AMMODYTIDiE.

352. Ammodytes alascanus Cope.

Yokohama, No. 6164a, not before known save from Bering Sea.
One specimen, larger in size than any of the common A. personatus.
D. 57, A. 30. Body-folds 160. Head 4.5; depth 11. It is slenderer than the
type of A. alascanus, which was from Unalaska.

Family BROTULIDiE.

353. Spectrunculus radcliffei gen. et sp. nov. (Plate XXXVII, fig. 3).
The new genus, Spectrunculus, may be thus defined:

Ventrals 2-rayed; caudal present, continuous with dorsal and anal; pectorals
short, entire; ventrals each of two rays, fully joined, inserted under isthmus; mouth
terminal, inclined toward vertical; no barbel; snout with strong dorsal convexity,
leaving profile of head concave; teeth on premaxillaries and mandibles very minute;

302 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

eight branchiostegals ; opercle with a strong straight spine; head otherwise unarmed.
Scales obsolete; five lateral lines. Gill-filaments of first arch much reduced in size
and coarseness, those remaining forming a " fluffy " mass. Pseudobranchiae
present, consisting of two well-developed, free filaments. Four gills, a slit behind
fourth. The nearest aUy of Spectrunculus, so far as known to us, is Penopus Goode
and Bean.

The type of Spectrunculus radcliffei is No. 6061, Carnegie Museum, from Misaki
(Coll. Owston) sixty-four millimeters in total length.

Head 5.8 in length to base of caudal, 6.2 in total; depth 4; snout 2.66 (measuring
from anterior edge of eyeball); maxillary 2.5; distance from shout to anus 2.4;
distance from snout to dorsal insertion 5.25 in body-length; D. 140; A. 110; P. 30;
V. 2; C. 9 or 10; branchiostegals 8; gill-rakers short, 2+8 (with two or more rudi-
ments) .

Body compressed, its width just posterior to anus, contained 3.25 times in
depth at the same place ; body-cavity in type greatly distended, with viscera showing
plainly through the skin; mouth turned sharply toward vertical, lower jaw strongly
projecting; tip of snout at level of eye; a prominent knob-like convexity on its dorsal
surface, reaching back to anterior edge of orbit; diameter of eye-ball half the length
of oval orbit; maxillary extending midwaj^ between anterior edge of orbit and eye-
ball; teeth on lower jaw only anteriorly, very minute, in a single row; a few micro-
scopic ones on edge of premaxillary, besides minute serrations; no teeth could be
distinguished on the projecting vomer; opercle with a single strong straight spine
at upper angle, not extending beyond opercular flap; gill-openings extending forward
below, not attached to isthmus. Gill-filaments on first arch delicate and much
reduced, those on remaining arches large and curled, forming a tangled bunch
without regular order.

Scales obsolete; side with five lateral ridges or lateral lines.

Dorsal inserted over pectoral; dorsal and anal continuous with caudal; pectorals
short, rounded, on a base which is slightly pedunculate, or narrowed at its junction
with body; ventrals inserted under eye, their length contained 1.5 in head, composed
of two rays, fully united by membrane.

Body translucent, flesh-colored, with no pigment save in eye-ball.

Measurements in hundredths of body-length are as follows: — Head .17; depth
.25; snout .05; eye-ball .05; maxillary .065; distance from snout to anus .43; from
snout to dorsal insertion, .19.

This species is named for Mr. Lewis Radcliff e of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries,
in recognition of his work on the Brotulidce.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON." FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

303

354. Neobythites sivicola (Jordan & Snyder). (Plate XLII, fig. 2).

(Watasea sivicola Jordan & Snyder, not of Jordan & Starks).

Misaki (Coll. Owston).

The genus Watasea, based on this species, differs from Neobythites only in the
presence of two weak spines on the pre-opercle, instead of three as in Neobythites
gilli. Most of the species referred to Neobythites belong to the subgenus Watasea,
as Radcliffe has lately shown.

This specimen, No. 6170a, C. M. Cat. Fishes, smaller than the type, is plainly
identical with it. Body nearly uniformly gray, not banded as in N. fasciatus.
Dorsal and anal broadly edged with black. This color has faded in the original
types, both long exposed to sunlight.

In our young specimen the body is indistinctly covered with irregular faint
whitish blotches, a row of these being along the dorsal base. The dorsal aside
from these has no pattern anteriorly, being simply somewhat dusky, gradually
becoming very black in the last quarter, save for a narrow white margin. This
is continued on the caudal and anal, the latter being black with a white margin on
the posterior three-fifths of its length, without other pattern. Specimens identified
by Jordan & Starks as the young of Watasea sivicola are not the young of this
species, as may be seen in the accompanying table of measurements. We refer
these to Radcliffe's species, N. fasciatus.

Table op Comparative Measurements.

Locality.

Neobythites fasciatus.

Neobythites Sivicola.

Misaki.

Sagami.

Misaki.

Misaki (Type).

145
19
16

4.5

9

13.5
12
36
22
14.5
99
90
125

S

132

20

18

5

9

12

11

36

23

14.5

105

88

120

8

140

20

18
5

11

14

15

44

25

16.5

90

75

130

8

216

Head8

21

Depth . .

18

4.5

Maxillary

11
14

14

43

25

16

94

74

120

Scales (mid-dorsal to lateral line)

8

Besides the differences in color, the present specimen of Neobythites sivicola
shows a longer maxillary, lesser number of rays in both dorsal and anal, longer
pectoral, longer distance from snout to vent, from ventrals to vent, and snout to
ventrals. In these differences it is in full agreement with the type.

8 Measurements given in hundredths of length without caudal.

304 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

The specimens recorded by Franz9 as Watasea macrops (Giinther) are un-
doubtedly the same as our N. fasciatus. As to the differences between this species
and N. macrops, the coloration is not the same. We are unable, however, to find
other differences, and it may be that the two forms are identical, the more so as
Radcliffe10 finds the two differing in nearly the same way from N. fasciatus. He
however states that the fin-ray counts in N. macrops Giinther are: — D. 96; A. 83,
which is greater than that of our specimen.

355. Neobythites fasciatus Radcliffe.

One specimen, No. 6206a, one hundred and fortjr-eight millimeters in total
length, from Misaki, very poorly preserved. The measurements are given in the
comparative table under N. sivicola, and are the same as those of the specimen from
Sagami Bay, which was described as the young of N. sivicola by Jordan and
Starks.11 As remarked above, the latter is plainly distinct, however, from N.
sivicola. Radcliffe12 (comparing specimens) regards these as probably the same as
his N. fasciatus, and we are unable to find any differences which would justify
questioning this decision, save that of color, as noted by Radcliffe. The spots on
the fins of our specimen correspond to those on the fins of N. fasciatus, and there
are indistinct traces of cross-bands present. We do not, however, find the vomerine
teeth differing from those of N. sivicola as stated, those of the latter not being in a
Y-shaped patch. According to Radcliffe, the vomerine patches of the teeth of
N. macrops and N. sivicola are both Y-shaped, but Giinther distinctly states them
to be in a A-shaped patch in the type of N. macrops. Our observations on N.
sivicola show a similar form, but somewhat more triangular.

Family BREGMACEROTID^.

356. Bregmaceros japonicus (Tanaka).
Misaki, No. 6118a-b.

The usual Lernaean parasite with long egg-capsules is found on the side of the
body. This species may be the same as B. atripinnis Tickell from off New
Zealand.

Family GADIDiE.

357. Lotella phycis (Temminck & Schlegel).
Sagami Bay, No. 4144a (Coll. Owston).

» Abh. d. Math.-phys. Klasse der K. Bayer, Akad. d. Wiss. IV., Suppl. Bd. 1., Abhandlg., 1910,
p. 30.

10 Proc. U. S. N. Mus., Vol. 44, 1913, p. 144.

11 Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm, XXII, 1902, p. 601.

12 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 44, 1913, p. 144.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 305

Family MACROURIDiE.
358. Coryphaenoides bona-nox sp. nov. (Plate XXXVIII, figs. 1 & la).

The type is a single large example from Sagami Bay, three hundred milli-
meters long, No. 6462 Carnegie Museum Catalog of Fishes.

Head 4 in length without caudal; depth 5 (1.2 in head); snout 3.6 in head; eye
4; maxillary 2.4; D. II, 9, 84; A. 78; P. 19; scales 125, between first dorsal spine and
lateral line 8.

Snout slightly longer than eye, firm in texture, especially at apex and lateral
angles; maxillary reaching almost to below posterior margin of eye; profile of head
evenly arched from dorsal, save slight flat area above eyes; interorbital space nearly
as wide as eye, flat; pre-orbital convex, forming a low, rounded ridge with side of
snout, not, however, sharply dividing head into upper and lower parts; snout
projecting over premaxillaries a distance equal to two-thirds diameter of eye;
teeth in narrow bands in both jaws; two or three series of small, rather blunt teeth
anteriorly, dwindling to a single one posteriorly, outer teeth not enlarged; mandi-
bular barbel half diameter of eye; first branchial arch with fold of membrane crossing
it, attaching it to opercular wall; anterior gill-slit two-thirds of diameter of eye in
length; five gill-rakers, tubercle-like; anus as far behind ventral base as postorbital
length of head.

Dorsal inserted over pectoral base, which is over that of ventrals; second spine
not filamentous, its length contained twice in head, its lower half smooth, its upper
half with six or seven coarse spinules; second dorsal inserted behind first, a distance
equal to length of base of latter and before anus; first ray of second dorsal 3.5 in
base of first; anal inserted under fifth ray of second dorsal, anus immediately
preceding; ventrals filamentous, longest ray 1.75 in head, reaching anus; pectorals
1.75 in head, not filamentous.

Scales hard to the touch, with six to eight strong radiating ridges, their spinules
closely imbricate and each closely applied to that following, the last spinule pro-
jecting beyond scale-border in each ridge; scales on suborbital and snout with greatly
thickened, bony ridges, frequently but one or two in number; scales present every-
where on head and body save lips and throat; no scaleless area between ventrals.

Color uniformly dark brown; all fins very dark.

The dentition and scales of this species distinguish it from previously known
forms.

The senior author has studied the fishes of America and of the world for over
forty years. His attention is now turning from Ichthyology and Taxonomy to
larger but less charming studies in the relations of nations. This is, no doubt, the

306

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

last of his long array of new species of fishes. He follows the precedent of Linnaeus13
in closing his work with " Good-night!"

359. Coryphaenoides garmani Jordan & Gilbert.
Boshu, No. 6184a; Misaki, No. 6325a.

360. Coryphaenoides misakius Jordan & Gilbert.
Misaki, No. 6029a-b.

D. II, 11, 150 to 160; A. 160 to 170; P. 21; V. I, 7; Scales 220 to 240, in trans-
verse series 11/30. Identical with the type.

361. Macrourus nasutus (Gunther).

Misaki, No. 6322a-b; Sagami Bay, No. 4107a-c; in deep water.

362. Macrourus asper Giinther. (Plate XXXVIII, fig. 2).

Misaki in deep water. We refer our example, which we figure, to Macrourus
asper.

363. Ccelorhynchus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, No. 6207a (Coll. Owston).

D. II, 8.

364. Ccelorhynchus anagirostris Jordan & Gilbert.
Misaki, No. 6155a (Coll. Owston).

This specimen (21 cm. long) is smaller than the type, with larger eye and
shorter snout.

Family PLEURONECTID^.

365. Pseudorhombus misakius Jordan & Starks.
Osaka, No. 6374a-b.

175).

Fig. 79. Pseudorhombus misakius Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXI, p.
13 Convolvulus bona-nox Linnaeus.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 307

366. Pseudorhombus cinnamomeus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Shimonoseki, No. 6405a.

367. Pseudorhombus ocellifer Regan.
Shinabara, Misaki, No. 6192a-c.
D. 74; A. 54. Scales 64.

368. Tarphops oligolepis (Bleeker) gen. nov. (Plate XXXIX).

The genus Tarphops, based on Pseudorhombus oligolepis Bleeker, is closely
allied to Pseudorhombus Bleeker, differing in its much larger scales, these being
about fort}r in a lateral series instead of from sixty to eighty. The lateral line, as
in Pseudorhombus, has an accessory branch and an arch; eyes close together on the
left side; species only attaining a very small size.

We here describe two small specimens, the longest seventy-four millimeters
in total length, from Misaki, No. 6010a, and 6455a. The description given by
Gunther is not complete, nor is the generally inaccessible original description by
Bleeker. The species has not been found since the original specimen, sixty-four
millimeters in length, was described.

Head 3.5 in body-length, without caudal; depth 1.9; lower eye 4 in head;
snout equal to eye; maxillary 2.5 in head; dorsal rays, sixty-two; anal, fort3r-eight;
scales in lateral series, forty; pores in lateral line, forty-two; scales in transverse
series in deepest part of body 13/14.

Eyes very close together, on left side; interorbital ridge very narrow, and but
slightly elevated; upper eye slightly in advance of lower; maxillary nearly vertical;
premaxillary processes forming a marked convexity, or knob, in the profile of the
snout; teeth very small, in a single row, those on the lower jaw slightly curved; on
blind side of upper jaw, thirty; on eyed side, thirty-four; on blind side of lower jaw,
eighteen, on eyed side, twenty-six; none on vomer or palatines; gill-rakers 7+16,
long and slender, longest equal to half diameter of eye; anterior nostril of both sides
with a flap.

Dorsal fin inserted opposite anterior edge of eye, highest at about thirty-fifth
ray, which is 2 in head; all the rays simple; anal similar in form and height; caudal
rounded, middle rays equal to length of head; pectoral slightly shorter, with ten
rays; ventral of eyed side along edge of abdomen, as long as diameter of eye; ventral
of blind side removed from edge, slightly longer than other; pectoral of blind side 2.2
in head.

Scales ctenoid on both sides of body, present everywhere save on snout and
tips of jaws; those on interorbital space in one row, extending along front of upper
eye; wide-set scales on each ray of dorsal and anal fins, other fins naked.

308

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

Lateral line strongly arched above pectoral, height of curve two-fifths of its
chord; an accessory line running to seventh dorsal ray.

Color olivaceous, with irregular brownish spots, two rows on vertical fins and
three irregular transverse rows on caudal; peritoneum pigmented.

This species is thus far known only from three small specimens, one from
Nagasaki (Bleeker) and the present two from Misaki. One of our specimens has
large, nearly ripe ova, and cannot be termed young.

369. Scaeops kobensis Jordan & Starks.

Of this species we have four examples from Misaki, two of which are in the
Carnegie Museum, No. 6086a-b. They are respectively sixty, sixty-two, sixty-
three, and seventy-five millimeters in total length. Of these three are females,
two of them with large ova in well developed gonads, and one a male. The

Fig. 80. Scwops kobensis Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXI, p. 171).

latter is distinguished externally by the very broad interorbital space and
much deeper head, the first being contained 3.8 in the length of the head, whereas
in the case of the female it is contained seven or eight times in the head. The
pectoral of the male is likewise longer. The depth of the head in the male equals
the length of the head, while in the females it is decidedly less. Dorsal rays, 76-80;
anal, 61-63; scales, 49-52. The type of the species (No. 9822, Stanford University
Collection) is a large female, corresponding to our specimens, save for somewhat
wider interorbital space, due to roe.

370. Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel).

Shimonoseki, No. 6311a; Osaka; Misaki, No. 6395a.
D. 79; Scales 110.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON I FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 309

371. Xystrias grigorjewi (Herzenstein).
( Verasper itakii Jordan & Snyder).
Straits of Tsushima, found in Osaka market. (No. 6281a-i).

vA&/tf/jyjy/f////f/"**

Fig. 81. Xystrias grigorjewi (Herzenstein). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXI, p. 183).

Much faded, but not different from examples from Hakodate.

372. Pleuronichthys cornutus (Temminck & Schlegel).
Osaka, No. 6372a-b; Misaki, No. 6338a.

373. Lepidopsetta bilineata (Ay res).

(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, fig. 62, p. 61).
Shinabara.

Fig. 82. Limanda angustirostris Kitahara. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXI. p. 208).

374. Limanda angustirostris Kitahara.
Matsushima Bay, No. 6317.

D. 73; A. 54. Scales 76.

375. Limanda yokohamae (Gunther).
Shinabara, near Tokyo, No. 6160a.

310

MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

376. Kareius bicoloratus (Basilewsky) .
Osaka, No. 6066a.

Fig. 83. Dexistes rikuzenius Jordan & Starks. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXI, p. 213).

377. Dexistes rikuzenius Jordan & Starks.
(Araias ariommus Jordan & Starks).

Two specimens of this deep-water flounder from Tsushima Straits were
taken in the market of Osaka. One, No. 6342a, is in the Carnegie Museum.

Eyeball scaly above. Head 4.16 in length; dorsal rays, sixty-nine and seventy-
three, anal rays, fifty-seven and fifty-nine. Scales, sixty-five and sixty-seven
(pores), gill-rakers x+7.

In the type of Araias ariommus, the eyeball is also scaly above and the two
are identical.

378. Platichthys stellatus (Pallas).

(Mem. Cam. Mus., Vol. VI, p. 60, fig. 61).

Matsushima Bay, No. 6339a, a subarctic species, rare thus far to the southward.

Family SOLEID^.

379. Aseraggodes kobensis (Steindachner) .
Misaki, No. 6114.

380. Amate japonica (Temminck & Schlegel).
Shimonoseki, No. 6225a-d; Misaki, No. 6396a-j.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911. 311

&ffl /J

Fig. 84. Aaeraggodea kobensia (SteLadachner). (From Pro.-. U. S N. M., Vol. XXXI, p. 230).

381. Zebrias zebrinus (Tcmminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, No. 6373a; Shimonoseki.

*^VTi?\-^ -'-'* '

Fig. 85. Amate japonica (Temminck & Schlegel). (From Proe. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXI, p. 228).

382. Zebrias japonicus (Bleeker).

Kobe, No. 6215a; Misaki, No. 6180a (Coll. Manabe).

Fig. 86. Zebrias zebrinus (Temminck & Schlegel). (From Proc. U. 8. N. M., Vol. XXXI, p. 233).

312 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM.

383. Rhinoplagusia japonica (Temminck & Schlegel).
Shimonoseki, Misaki, No. 6312.

The name Rhinoplagusia of Bleeker has priority over Usinosita, based on the
same type japonica.

384. Areliscus interruptus (Gunther).

Misaki.

Family TRACHYPTERID^.

385. Trachypterus ishikawae Jordan & Snyder.

A small specimen from Sagami Bay, 86 cm. long, No. 6384a, which has lost a
part of the tail and caudal fin, corresponds completely with the description of
the type, save that in the latter the pre-orbital is described as " very wide, radiate,
rugose." This is a clerical error, the maxillary being meant, as is evident from the
large adult example in the Stanford Collection and the illustration of the type.
The pre-orbital is about 5 in the eye, not bony, nor prominent. The premaxillaries
are greatly protractile and in the type they are fully extended, as is evident from
the plate. The premaxillary processes extend to the nape, slightly behind the eye.

The teeth are slightly longer and more prominent than in our large adult
example. The vomer has similar teeth.

Family LOPHIIDiE.

386. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl).
Misaki, No. 6082a-b.

FAMILY ANTENNARIID.E.

387. Antennarius tridens (Temminck & Schlegel).
Misaki, No. 6383a-b; Kobe.

388. Antennarius nox Jordan.
Misaki, No. 6382a.

A large example, with the color-pattern of the type, but the ground-color pale,

not jet-black.

Family CERATIID^.

389. Chaunax fimbriatus Hilgendorf.

A small specimen, No. 6035a, one hundred and eighty millimeters long from
Misaki, together with two specimens from Sagami Bay, collected by the Albatross,
differ from an Atlantic specimen of Chaunax pictus Lowe in the extension of the
rostral tentacle back of the anterior border of the eyes, the coarser character of the
skin prickles, and larger eye, as well as in the presence of filaments on the lower side
of the body.

JORDAN AND THOMPSON: FISHES OBTAINED IN JAPAN IN 1911.

313

The eye in C. pidus is .09 of body-length, in C. fimbriatus .07-.075 in specimens
of same size.

Gunther14 regards these two species as synonymous, but makes no remark on
the above mentioned characters.

Fig. 87. Antennarius nox Jordan. (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, p. 376).

Family OGCOCEPHALIDiE.

390. Halieutaea stellata (Vahl).

Boshu; Sagami Bay; Misaki, No. 6142a-b.

The smallest of these specimens shows a much narrower disk than the others,
its breadth equal to the distance from the snout to the last of the base of the dorsal
fin and an absence of small prickles between the larger spinules of the disk. The
larger two show these prickles and a broader disk, equal to the distance from the
snout to the pectoral angle. These, however, on comparison with other specimens
are shown to be extremes of variations.

14 Challenger, Deep Sea Fishes, p. 58.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XXIV.

DIG. 1. Alcjidccj h alua umbrxsps Jordan & Thompson. Fig. 2. Nansenia ardesiaca Jordan & Thompson.
Fig. 3. Oncoihynchus mason (Brevoort). Fig. 1. Gnathop gon ishikawce Jordan A- Thompson.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. vi.

Plate XXV.

Fig. 1. Achcilognathus tabira Jordan & Thompson. Fig, 2. Acheilognathus moriokoe Jordan & Thompson.
Fig. 3. Acanthorhodius atremius Jordan & Thompson.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XXVI.

Fig. 1. Acanihorhodiua sciosemus Jordan A Thompson. Fig. 2. Rhodew kurumeua Jordan & Thompson.
Fig. 3. Pseudaspius atriMus Jordan it Thompson.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XXVII.

££*

Fig. 1. Myrus uropterua Temminck & Schmsgel. Fig. 2. Hemirhamphus japonicua Brevoobt.
Fio. 3. Eetenias hrunneus Jordan it Thompson. Fig. 4. Icticus ischonua Jordan & Thompson.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XXVIII.

"•'...' . ■ ■.■..■

• V ... , .. .. ,

Eig. 1. Carisliua macropus (Bellotti). Fig. 2. Amia sialis Jordan & Thompson.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XXIX.

Fig. 1. Cephalopholia boninius Jordan & Thompson. Fig. 2. Franzia nobilia (Franz).

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XXX.

Fig. 1. Franzia ardens Jordan & Thompson. Fig. 2. Plectorhjnchus picj (C rviER & Valenciennes .
Fie 3. Xyrichthys sciistius Jordan & Thompson.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XXXI.

Fig. 1. Inniistius dea (Temminck & Schlegel). Fig. 2. Pseudornonocanthus nigramacidatus Tanakai.
Fig. 3. Sebastodes owstoni Jordan it Thompson.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XXXII.

Fki. 1. Sebastcdes flammeus Jordan & Stahks. Fig. 2. Sebastod es joyneri ((Iuxthkh).
Fig. 3. Thysanichlhys eoides Jordan & Thompson.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate xxxiv.

^^>

Fig. 1. Careproctus gilberti Jordan & Thompson1.
Fig. 2. Careproctus burkei Jordan & Thompson.

Fig. la. Careproctus gilberti Jordan & Thompson.
Fig. 2a. Careproctus burkei Jordan & THOMPSON.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XXXV.

Fig. 1. Chelidonichthy8 iachyrus Jordan & Thompson. Fig. 2. Aionosus ge/ieionemus (Hilgendorf).
Fig. 3. Sicyopterus japonicus (Tanaka).

^1^?^pK

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XXXVII

.

>Si

.' ':~~-

tf.a

Fig. 1. Atdcopus japonicus Blbekeb. Fig. 2. Lycodes tanaka Jordan & Thompson.
Fig. 3. Spectruncvlus radcliffei Jordan & Thompson.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XXXVIII.

.

§#i§§i

Fig. 1. Coryphcenuides bona-nox Jordan & Thompson. Fig. la. Scale of do. Fig. 2. Macrowrus asper Gunther.

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X

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XL.

Fig. 1. Avkrpus ja-ponicus G^nther. (From Pboc. U. S. N. M.. Vol. XXIII, Pl. 32.)
Fig. 2. Ishikauia steenackeri (Sauvagb). (From Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIII, Pl. 10.)

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XLI.

Fig. 1. Solenostomus cyanopterus (Bleeker). (From Pboc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIV, Pl. 3.)

Fig. 2. Solenostomus paradoxus (Pallas). (From Pboc. U. S. X. M., Vol. XXIV, Pl. 4.)

Fig. 3. Urocampus rikuzenius Jordan & Snyder. (Fbom Proc. U. S. X. M., Vol. XXIV, Pl. 7.

Memoirs Carnegie Museum, Vol. VI.

Plate XLII.

"^JA- Fig. 1. Sciivnta mitaikurii (Jordan & Snyder). From Pboc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXXIX, p. 248.)
Fig. 2. Neobythites sivicola (Jordan & Snyder). (From Pboc. U. S. N. M., Vol. XXIII, Pl. 37.)