y

THE RECORD

OP

THE ROYAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON

THIRD EDITION

ENTIRELY REVISED AND REARRANGED

LONDON \o

PRINTED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY

AT THE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
AND SOLD BY HENRY FROWDE, AMEN CORNER, E.G.

1912

Q

PREFACE

THE first edition of this work appeared in the year 1897
under the editorship of the two Secretaries, the late
Professor Michael Foster and Professor A. W. Riicker.
Its object was to provide a compendium of information, largely
historical, regarding the rise and progress, the organization and
work of the Royal Society. A new edition was proposed to be
issued every five years, comprising such alterations and additions
as time might show to be necessary ; but eventually the Council
arranged that a second edition should be published at the end
of the year 1901 as an appropriate date at the beginning of a new
century. The chief feature in the second edition was the inclusion
of two lists of the Fellows of the Society from its foundation,
one arranged chronologically, the other alphabetically. In the
preparation of these lists much difficulty was experienced in veri-
fying some of the earlier names, and the lists were consequently
not quite complete or accurate.

Experience has shown that as the Annual ' Year-book ' contains
the requisite information regarding the current affairs of the
Society, and as the ' Record ' deals mainly with matters of
historical interest, the interval of five years, originally con-
templated for the appearance of the successive editions of the
latter volume, is too short a period to warrant the labour and
expense which would be involved in such a frequent .reissue.
The approaching celebration of the 250th anniversary of the
Society's foundation seemed, however, to the President and
Council to be an appropriate occasion for preparing a new
edition of the ' Record ' which should be thoroughly revised and
brought up to the present condition of the Society. Hence the
present third edition is now issued.

The material of the volume has been rearranged, and for
convenience of reference has been divided into chapters, in
the preparation of which the officers and the clerical staff have

iv PREFACE

co-operated. The Treasurer, Sir Alfred B. Kempe, has revised and
brought up to date the * Notes on the History of the Statutes'
in Chapter III. and the account of the history and objects of
the various Trusts of the Society forming Chapter IV. The
Sir Joseph I, armor, M.P.. and Sir John Rose Bradford,
K.C.M.Ci.. have likewise assisted in the various matters referred
to them. The Assistant Secretary, Mr. Robert Harrison, be-
sides rendering general assistance, has revised the list of Portraits.
The Clerk. Mr. T. K. James, has revised and completed the list of
the Medals and Medallions. The Assistant Librarian, Mr. A. H.
White, has supplied the account of the Library. Mr. James
and Mr. White have gone through the earlier pages of the
Charter-book, the Journal-books, and other documents, for the
purpose of making the Chronological Register and Alphabetical
List of Fellows more complete and accurate. In this laborious
task they have been greatly assisted by Sir Arthur Church, whose
minute acquaintance with the early Archives has been freely
placed at the Society's service. The President, Sir Archibald
(ieikie. K.C.B.. has rewritten the first chapter giving a narrative
of the Foundation and Early History of the Society, and has
supervised and edited the whole work.

The late Sir William Huggins, President in the years from 1900
to 1905, presented to the Society the blocks of the Plates which
illustrated his volume on 'The Royal Society', which was pub-
lished in 1906. Most of these Plates, consisting chiefly of re-
productions of portraits of former Fellows in the Society's
possession. ha\e been made use of in the present volume, but the
port? aits of Robert Boyle, John Evelyn, Christopher Wren, and
Hans Slo.mc have been re-photographed and the impressions are
printed from fresh plates. A few additions have been made com-
prising the portraits of Lord Kelvin, Lord Lister, and Charles
Darwin, and the \ i< -w of the- Interior Court of Gresham College
and of the Society's house in Crane Court, Fleet Street.

BurKngton 7/o//.sr,

\:>. 11)12.

CONTENTS

PAGE

PREFACE iii

LIST OF PLATES vii

CHAPTER I

FOUNDATION AND EARLY HISTORY OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY ... 1

CHAPTER II

THE CHARTERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY:

Charta Prima, Praesidi, Concilio, et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis

Londini, a Rege Carolo Secundo concessa, A. D. MDCLXII . 48

Charta Secunda, lisdem ab eodem concessa, A. D. MDCLXIII . . 69
Charta Tertia, lisdem ab eodem concessa, A. D. MDCLXIX . . 94

A License for purchasing in Mortmain to the yearly value of

One Thousand Pounds, granted by King George the First . 115

CHAPTER III

THE STATUTES OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY :

^The Original Statutes enacted in 1663 . . . . . .117

Statutes enacted in 1847 131

Statutes of 1905 145

Notes on the History of the Statutes . . . . .159

CHAPTER IV

THE TRUSTS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 174

Gassiot Declaration of Trust . . . . . . .188

CHAPTER V

PRINCIPAL BENEFACTORS OF THE SOCIETY 193

x i CONTENTS

PAGE

CHAPTER VI

,,,,: RoYAI. SOCIETY SINCE ITS FOUNDATION 200

CHAPTER VII

mi ROYAL SOCIETY. AND CROONIAN AND BAKERIAN

: I'll TlTLl-> OF THEM! SriUECTs:

. 210

Tin- Crooniun Lrctmv .... • 217

RakrriaM Lecture . . - 224

CHAPTER VIII

. Kl !.!.<. PoKTItAITs. Br.STS, AND MEDALS:

Tlu- Lihn.ry ....... .233

Iiistrinncnts and Historical Rolics ...... 237

Li>t of Portraits in Oil ........ 239

List of Medallions, Busts, and Statuettes ..... 252

........... 254

CHAPTER IX

llIITEKfl «>K THE ROYAL SOCIETY ...... 269

CHAPTER X

HIE UOYAI. SOCIETY. ..... 274

CHAPTER XI

WHICH THE ROYAL SOCIETY CONTROLS OR

\DM I \-niriio\s ON THE GOVERNING BODIES OF

WHICH IT i"- u KIM. ........ 280

CHK . MI: «\ I'M LOWS ...... 309

PEIXOWB, \\ITH THE DATES OK ELECTION . 433

479

LIST OF PLATES

PLATE

I. Old Gresham College, reduced from an engraving (1739) in Ward's
* Lives of the Professors of Gresham College \ 1740.

To face page 6

II. The Green Court, Gresham College, between the North and South
Galleries or Piazzas. From an engraving of a portrait of
Nehemiah Grew, Sec. R. S., published in 1800.

To face page 12

III. King Charles II, from a portrait painted in the school of Lely,
in the possession of the Royal Society . To face page 16

IV. The Mace, presented by King Charles II . . To face page 24

V. The Honourable Robert Boyle, from a painting by F. Kerseboom, in
the rooms of the Royal Society . . . To face page 40

VI. Sir Christopher Wren, from a painting attributed to Michael Wright,
in the possession of the Royal Society . To face page 48

VII. John Evelyn, from a portrait painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller, in
the possession of the Royal Society . . To face page 64

VIII. Sir Isaac Newton, from a portrait by J. Van der Banck, in the
possession of the Royal Society . . . To face page 80

IX. The House of the Royal Society from 1710 to 1780 in Crane Court,
Fleet Street. From an engraving in Smith's * Historical and
Literary Curiosities '. London, 1845 . To face page 96

X. Sir Hans Sloane, from a painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller, in the
possession of the Royal Society . . . To face page 112

XI. Benjamin Franklin, from a portrait by Joseph Wright, in the
rooms of the Royal Society . . . To face page 144

XII. Thomas Young, from a portrait painted by H. P. Briggs after
Sir T. Lawrence, in the possession of the Royal Society.

To face page 176

viii LIST OF PLATES

XIII. Sir Humphry Davy, from a portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence, in the
poMession of the Royal Society . . . To face page 208

\I\ John Dalton, from a portrait by B. R. Faulkner, in the possession
of the Royal Society To face page 224

1 Faraday, from a portrait by A. Blaikley, in the possession
of the Royal Society ... . To face page 240

\\I. Lord Kelvin. Photogravure by Messrs. Annan & Co. from a
photograph by Messrs. Dickinsons, New Bond Street.

To face page 256

Photogravure by Messrs. Elliot £ Fry, London.

To face page 272

X \ ill. Charles Darwin. Photogravure by the Oxford University .Press from
a painting by Walter W. Ouless, R.A. . To face page 288

XIX. The present Meeting-room in the Apartments of the Royal Society,
Burlington House To face page 296

XX. The Principal Library in the same Apartments . To face page 304

CHAPTER I

FOUNDATION AND EARLY HISTORY OF THE
ROYAL SOCIETY

THE foundation of the Royal Society was one of the earliest
practical fruits of the philosophical labours of Francis Bacon.
The experimental method of research which that great man so
strenuously expounded in his writings was a vehement protest
against the deductive method which till then had been in vogue.
His great aim was to enforce the patient investigation of Nature
by observation and experiment. He desired that a body of
accurately ascertained facts should be amassed, from which
alone, in his opinion, the processes of Nature could be understood,
and a solid foundation could be laid on which discovery and
invention might proceed apace. By such means, he believed,
man could attain to ' the knowledge of causes and secret motions
of things, and the enlarging of the bounds of human empire, to
the effecting of all things possible.' * He held that ' there is much
ground for hoping that there are still laid up in the womb of
Nature many secrets of excellent use, having no affinity or
parallelism with anything that is now known, but lying entirely
out of the beat of the imagination, which have not yet been found
out. They too, no doubt, will some time or other, in the course
and revolution of many ages, come to light of themselves, just as
the others did ; only by the method of which we are now treating
they can be speedily and suddenly and simultaneously presented
and anticipated.' 2 So convinced was Bacon of the transcendent
importance of his experimental method that he seems to have
been unable to bring himself to admit that the inventions and
discoveries made before his time could have been due to science.
He regarded them rather as the happy accidents of chance.3

1 c New Atlantis.' 2 Nov. Org. I. cix.

3 Nov. Org. I. viii, Ixxxv ; II. xxxi. He strangely ignored Gilbert's great work on
Magnetism, which was published in 1600 before the earliest of Bacon's philosophical treatises

B

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Bacon came early to believe that the method of investigation
which IK- adxocated would be best promoted by the corporate
action of men who could devote their whole energies to its pursuit.
As tar back as the year 1(117, before the publication of his * Novum

-non \ he had already composed his ' New Atlantis', in which
he embodied his ideal conception of how such corporate action
minht be organi/ed and established. His vivid imagination
portrayed, in a kind of allegorical picture, a carefully planned
and well-endowed college, consisting of a company of thirty-six
divided into groups, each of wrhich should be charged
with a special department of inquiry or research. The field of

rprise was to embrace the whole of Nature, and was to be
both theoretical and practical, with the view, on the one hand, of
unravelling • the causes of things ', and, on the other, of obtaining
such a knowledge of facts as would lead to new discoveries and
inventions. One-half of the Fellows were to be employed in
collecting from foreign countries and abstracting from books and
from mechanical arts and liberal sciences all that had been
previously discovered or invented. The rest of the company,
consisting of six groups, were to be variously employed in trying
experiments, tabulating former experiments and results, and

• iiring to draw forth conclusions useful 'for man's life and
knowledge and to establish generalizations that might lead to
* greater observations, axioms, and aphorisms'.2

UacoM died in ir.'ju. His* New Atlantis ', which had remained

among his papers, was published the following year, and attracted

inn h attention that in forty-three years no fewer than ten

it had been issued. \Vhen we remember what a

<>n of crises in the political history of this country these

• mprised, we may in some measure realize the strength of
mo\ run nt which the great philosopher had set on foot, and

which could thus advance in the midst of civil war and social
confusion. He did not live to see any attempt made to give

iltinn that tin- deductive philosophy which he

IM- j-phMnliilly illustrated by Newton and other workers within

<>f practical invention— « if the truth must be

-iMikni,1 he >ays, • \vhen the rational and dogmatic sciences began, the discovery of useful
won

1 T1 !-«''l 1(.v Itorun. 2 'New Atlantis.'

INFLUENCE OF FRANCIS BACON a

tangible shape to his noble dream. But the seed which he sowed
had not fallen on waste ground. The political troubles had
indeed retarded the process of its germination. But there had
arisen in the country a remarkable group of men who, stirred by
similar ideals and working each in his own line, had taken up
experimental investigation, as the pursuit of their lives, or of
their leisure. Among these pioneers it is enough to recall the
names of Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, John Wallis, John
Evelyn, Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren, and William Petty.

Some interesting particulars respecting the intercourse of
these men in their scientific researches are to be found among
the letters of Robert Boyle. Thus, writing from London on
October 22, 1646, to M. Marcombes (who had been his French
tutor in England), Boyle alludes to his studies in 'natural
philosophy, the mechanics and husbandry, according to the
principles of our new philosophical college that values no
knowledge, but as it hath a tendency to use '. He asks his
correspondent to bring from abroad with him to England ' good
receipts or choice books on any of these subjects which you can
procure ; which will make you extremely welcome to our invisible
college '. Again, on February 16, 1646-7, he writes from London,
' The corner-stones of the invisible or (as they term themselves)
the philosophical college do now and then honour me with their
company,' and he speaks in eulogistic language of the enthusiasm
and modesty of these men. On May 8, 1647, in a letter to
Samuel Hartlib he refers again to the ' Invisible College V

There does not appear to have been for some years after this
correspondence any attempt to form a definitely organized College
or Society. The meetings were probably only friendly reunions
at Boyle's house or at the rooms of some of the other congenial
spirits, or not infrequently in taverns,2 where they might discuss
with each other the problems on which they were engaged or the
experiments which they wished to see undertaken.3 As one of

1 Works (1744), vol. i, pp. 17, 20, 24.

2 Aubrey records that « they mett at the Bull-head Taverne in Cheapside (e.g. 1658,
1659, and after) till it grew to big for a clubb, and so they came to Gresham College
parlour '. ' Brief Lives/ ii, p. 302.

3 Aubrey states that ' the first beginning of the Royal Society (where they putt discourse
in paper and brought it to use) was in the chamber of William Ball, Esq., eldest son of

B 2

4 U1XOHD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

them has recorded. ' their first purpose was no more than only the

{faction of breathing a freer air, and of conversing in quiet one

with another, without beini>- ino-a(^d in the passions and madness

ot that dismal Bge.' • For such a candid and impassionate company

and lor such a gloomy season, what could have been

a titter subject than Natural Philosophy ? ']

As i ! Around and foundation ' of the Royal Society was

laid at these meetings, it is interesting to have an authoritative
Mint of them from one who took part in them — the mathema-
tician Dr. John Wallis :-

•About the year K>4.5, while I lived in London (at a time when,
by our civil wars, academical studies were much interrupted in
both our Universities), beside the conversation of divers eminent
divines, as to matters theological, I had the opportunity of being
acquainted witli (livers worthy persons, inquisitive into natural
philosophy, and other parts of human learning; and particularly
of what hath been called the New Philosophy or Experimental
Philosophy. We did by agreements, divers of us, meet weekly in
London on a certain day [and hour, under a certain penalty, and
a weekly contribution for the charge of experiments, with certain
rule 1 upon amongst us],3 to treat and discourse of such

affairs ; of which number were Dr. John Wilkins (afterwards
/{ix/iop of Chester [then chaplain to the Prince Elector Palatine, in
London]), Dr. Jonathan Croddard, Dr. George Ent, Dr. Glissoti,
Dr. Mii-rct ( Drs. in Physick), j\Ir. Samuel Foster, then Professor
\ st ronoiny at ( Hcsham College, or some place near adjoyning,
Mr. Theodore Ilaak* (a German of the Palatinate, and then
lent in London, who, I think, gave the first occasion, and first
••clings), and many others.

!'. til. of Devon, in tin- Middle Temple. They had meetings at Taverns before,
it formally and in ij-ood eanie-t sett np.' ' Brief Lives/ ii, p. J322.

William Kail, or Halle. \\;i- .-HI astronomer and a man of influence among the philosophers.
member ,,f Council in tbe fust Cli.-irt.rr, and was designated as the first
Treasurer of the Society in tbe -erond Charter.

lie Royal Society,' pp. M,

'MMgM of his mvn Life,' addressed to Dr. Thomas Smith and

fr"»> (>\t< n;;u5-7. It was published in the Appendix to the Preface

l>>' t'f »'» hi- edition of ' I'etei- Langtoft's Chronicle'. Oxford,

"<• br.-i<-k« ., from \\ allis's ( A Defence of the Royal

4 Misprinted Hank.

FIRST BEGINNINGS OF THE SOCIETY

* These meetings we held sometimes at Dr. GoddanTs lodgings
in Wood Street (or some convenient place near), on occasion of
his keeping an operator in his house for grinding glasses for
telescopes and microscopes ; sometimes at a convenient place
[The Bull Head] in Clicdjtside* and [in term-time] at Greshum
College [at Mr. Foster's lecture (then Astronomer Professor there),
and, after the lecture ended, repaired, sometimes to Mr. Foster's
lodgings, sometimes to some other place not far distant].

4 Our business was (precluding matters of theology and state
affairs) to discourse and consider of Philosophical Enquiries, and
such as related thereunto: as Physick, Anatomy, Geometry,
Astronomy, Navigation, Staticks, Magneticks, Chymicks, Median-
icks, and Natural Experiments ; with the state of these studies, us
then cultivated at home and abroad. We then discoursed of the
circulation of the blood, the valves in the Veins, the Venae Lactece,
the Lymphatick Vessels, the Copernican Hypothesis, the Nature of
Comets and New Stars, the Satellites of Jupiter, the oval Shape
(as it then appeared) of Saturn, the spots in the Sun, and its turning
on its own Aoris, the Inequalities and Selenography of the Moon,
the several Phases of Venus and Mercury, the Improvement of
Telescopes, arid grinding of Glasses for that purpose, the Weight
of Air, the Possibility or Impossibility of Vacuities and Nature's
Abhorrence thereof, the Torricellian Experiment in Quicksilver,
the Descent of heavy Bodies, and the degrees of Acceleration
therein ; and divers other things of like nature. Some of which
were then but New Discoveries, and others not so generally known
and embraced as now they are, with other things appertaining to
what hath been called The New Philosophy, which from the times
of Galileo at Florence, and Sir Francis Bacon (Lord Verulam)
in England, hath been much cultivated in Italy, France, Germany,
and other parts abroad, as well as with us in England.

' About the year 1648-9, some of our company being removed
to Oxford (first Dr. Wil/dns,then I, and soon after Dr. Goddard)
our company divided. Those in London continued to meet there
as before (and we with them, when we had occasion to be there),
and those of us at Oxford, with Dr. Ward (since Bishop of
Salisbury), Dr. Ralph Bathurst (now President of Trinity College
in Oxford), Dr. Petty (since Sir William Petty), Dr. Willis (then

<; RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

.in eminent physician in Oxford], and divers others, continued
such meetings in Oxford, and brought those Studies into fashion
there; meeting first at Dr. Petty's lodgings (in an apothecarie's
hon use of the convenience of inspecting Drugs, and the

like, as there was occasion; and after his remove to Ireland
(though not so constantly) at the lodgings of Dr. Wtlkins, then
Warden of Wadham College, and after his removal to Trinity
/// C '(i/nbri(/tfe. at the lodgings of the Honourable Mr. Robert
. then resident for divers years in Oxford.'

The Oxford Society became in 1651 the Philosophical Society
of Oxford, of winch meetings continued to be held at irregular
intervals until 1690, when they ceased. The London Society
continued to meet until about the year 1658, * usually at Gresham
(Ollege. at the Wednesday's and Thursday's lectures of Dr. Wren
and Mr. Rooke, where there joined with them several eminent
persons of their common acquaintance : the Lord Viscount
lirouncL-cr. the now Lord Brereton, Sir Paul Neil, Mr. John
AY< •/////. Mr. Ilctifthaw, Mr. Slingsby, Dr. Timothy Clarke,
Dr. Knt. Mr. Ball, Mr. Hill, Dr. Croone, and diverse other
gentlemen, whose inclinations lay the same way. This custom was
observed once, if not twice, a week in term-time; till they were
scattered by the miserable distractions of that fatal year ; till the
continuance of their meetings there -might have made them run
the* ha/ard of the fate of Archimedes : for then the place of their
i in.!*- was made a quart erf or soldiers." 1

A description of the rooms occupied by the Royal Society in
( .resham College has been preserved. ' The great hall, to which
the ascent from the court is by a few steps, is 37 feet long, near
•J() feet broad, and 25 or 30 feet high. This spacious room is a
noble ent ranee to the rest of the apartments of the Royal Society.
The nc\t room is about 35 feet long, near 20 feet broad and
1 :* feet high ; and in this the Society always met upon St. Andrew's
Day tor their anniversary elections. The inner room for their
ordinary weekly meetings is about 22 feet long and 18 feet broad.
Tl>' 'ins arc all upon the same floor ; from the last, two

or three steps convey you into the gallery, which is 140 feet long
and i:n 2 broad. Beyond is the Repository of their curiosities,

- History of tin- Royal Society' (1607), p. 57.

PLATE I

- tn

"t .1
5 ^

THE FIRST MEETINGS AT GRESHAM COLL I «:c.I

which with the two rooms adjoining is about 90 feet long and
12 or 18 broad. Besides these rooms within, they have the use
of ;i fair colonnade under the gallery and of a spacious area about
140 feet long and 197 feet broad ' l (Plates 1 and 1 1 ).

The entry of Monk with his army into London at the beginning
of February, 1660, brought the reign of terror in the country to
a close, and after the return of Charles II, towards the end of
May, life in the capital began to move again mainly on the old
lines. The meetings of the philosophers at Gresham College
were revived. The desirability of more formal organization
among the cultivators of science was soon recognized, and accord-
ingly on the 28th of November, 1660, the following memorandum
was drawn up :

4 These persons following, according to the usuall custom of
most of them, mett together at Gresham Colledge to heare
Mr. Wren's lecture, viz. The Lord Brouncker, Mr. Boyle,
Mr. Bruce, Sir Robert Moray, Sir Paul Neile, Dr. Wilkins,
Dr. Goddard, Dr. Petty, Mr. Ball, Mr. Rooke, Mr. Wren,
Mr. Hill. And after the lecture was ended, they did, according
to the usual manner, withdrawe for mutuall converse. Where
amongst other matters that were discoursed of, something was
offered about a designe of founding a Colledge for the promoting
of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning.- And because
they had these frequent occasions of meeting with one another, it
was proposed that some course might be thought of, to improve
this meeting to a more regular way of debating things, and
according to the manner in other countryes, where there were
voluntary associations of men in academies, for the advancement

1 From a pamphlet in the British Museum, entitled ' An Account of the Proceedings
of the Council of the Royal Society in order to remove from Gresham College', quoted
by Weld, * History of Royal Society,' vol. i, p. 82. Gresham College was founded by
Sir Thomas Gresham, a wealthy merchant of London, who died in 1579. To carry out his
design he left a portion of his estate in trust to the City and the Mercers' Company,
directing that his town house in Bishopsgate Street should be fitted up as a College for
the accommodation of seven professors, who were severally to give lectures on divinity,
astronomy, music, geometry, civil law, physic, and rhetoric. The institution grew to be
an important intellectual centre in the City of London, and with its lecture-rooms and
professorial staff formed an appropriate home for Boyle's ' invisible College ' and the
more conspicuous body which eventually took shape as the Royal Society under the aepri-
of Charles II.

2 This may perhaps have been Cowley's ' Proposition ' referred to below.

UKCOH1) OK THK ROYAL SOCIETY

of \arious parts of learning *<> they might doe something
wcrable here tor the promoting of experim entail philosophy.
• In older to which, it was agreed that this Company would
continue their weekly meeting on Wednesday, at 3 of the cloek
in tl te time, at Mr. Kooke's chamber at Gresham Colledge ;

in the \aeation, at Mr. Hall's chamber in the Temple. And
towards the defraying of occasionall expenses, every one should,
at his first admission, pay downe ten shillings, and besides engage
to pay one shilling weekly, whether present or absent, whilest he
shall please to keep his relation to this Company. At this
Meeting Dr. Wilkins was appointed to the chaire, Mr. Ball to be

ismer, and Mr. Croone, though absent, was named for
Register.

\nd to the end that they might the better be enabled to
make a conjecture of how many the elected number of this
Society should consist, therefore it was desired that a list might
he taken of the names of such persons as were known to those
present, whom they judged willing and fit to joyne with them in
their designe, who, if they should desire it, might be admitted
before any other/ l

A list was accordingly prepared and recorded, consisting of
forty-one names. Nearly all of the persons there enumerated

me members of the Society. Among the names it is interest-
ing to find that of * Dr. Cowley', in other words, Abraham Cowley,
the poet, who appears to have been keenly interested in the

itific movement which was then being set on foot. He was
formally elected into the Society on March 6, 1660-1.2 A few
months later in the same year he published a tract entitled ' A
Proposition tor the Advancement of Experimental Philosophy ',
in which lu- propounded a scheme for the establishment of
London, with an annual revenue of £4,000, and

MH' of twenty philosophers or professors, sixteen young

rvants to the professors, and a due complement of

officials and underlings. Four of the professors were to be

"1. i. |». I.

'.' tl.r first mnnhrrs of the original Society, his name does
«• li-t «>f Irll.ms after tl,(> date ,,f the incorporation by Charter. The
•-inn *M that having ffOlu. to live in the country he was unable
to attend ti „ [etjr. Kirch, Hist. Roy. So,-., i. p. '2-2-2.

ABRAHAM COWLEV S 'PROPOSITION

9

always travelling beyond the seas, one in each of the tour quarters
of the globe, where he was to be resident for three years, while
the remaining sixteen were to remain at the College, engaged
in studying and teaching 'all sorts of natural experimental
philosophy' — 'briefly, all things contained in the Catalogue of
natural histories annexed to my Lord Bacon's " Organon " \ Not
only were the scholars to be trained in these subjects, but there
was to be also a school of about 200 boys who were to receive
from the professors free education ' in things as well as words ', by
a method to be there established ' for the infusing knowledge and
language at the same time into them, that this may be their
apprenticeship in natural philosophy '. While Cowley recognized
the advantage of combining the literary and scientific domains in
his plan of education, he seems to have had a suspicion that his
scheme was * too much for the charity or generosity of this age to
extend to'. He was careful, however, to insist that what he
contemplated was not to be confounded with Bacon's model in
the ' New Atlantis ', which in his view was ' a project for experi-
ments that can never be experimented '. It is worthy of record
that a proposition for the establishment of combined classical
and scientific education should have been seriously advocated as
part of a scheme for the advancement of experimental philosophy
at the time when the foundations of the Royal Society were
being laid, and that this proposition should have been made
by a memorable personage in English literature whose name
appears on the first list of those from whom the Royal Society
originated.1

1 In his Life of Cowley Johnson states : ' A doctor of physick, however, he was made
at Oxford, in December 1657 ; and in the commencement of the Royal Society, he appears
busy among the experimental philosophers with the title of Doctor Cowley'. ' Lives of
the Poets,' vol. i, p. 11, G. B. Hill's edit. Sprat states that the publication of Cowley's
tract ' very much hastened' the formation of the Royal Society (Hist., p. 59). But the
outlines of the organization of the Society had already been traced the year before that
tract appeared.

It deserves to be remembered that an earlier scheme for the endowment and cultivation
of science was sketched by another original member of the Society, John Evelyn, in
a letter to Robert Boyle dated September 3, 1659. He thought that some gentlemen who
' desire nothing more than to give a good example, preserve science, and cultivate
themselves, might join together in a society': ' Had it been possible,' he says, ' I would
cheerfully devote my small fortune towards a design by which I might hope to assemble
some small number together who would resign themselves to live profitably and sweetly

10 UFA-OKI) OF THE HOVAL SOCIETY

A wivk after the preparation of the preliminary list of

,1 members of the proposed new Society, another meeting

u Id December 5), of which the following record is given in

the Journal-hook :

Holu-rt Moray brought in word from the Court, that the King had
d with tlu- <lesigne of this Meeting. And he did well approve
. and would In- iv.idy to give encouragement to it.

ordered that Mr. \Vreii he desired to prepare against the next
ig tor tlu- Pendulum Experiment. -

•T mom he desired to looke out for some discreet person skilled

in .short-hand writing, to he an amanuensis.

'It wax then agreed that the numher he not increased, but by consent of
v who have already subscribed their names: till such time as the
I for the constitution be settled.

•That any three or more of this company (whose occasions will permit
them.) are desired to meete as a Committee, at 3 of the clock on Fryday, to
con>nlt about such orders in reference to the constitution, as they shall think
fitt to offer to the whole company, and so to adjourne de die in diem?

At the same meeting the following obligation was agreed to :

•Wee \\IIOM- names are underwritten, doe consent and agree that wee will

meet together weekely (if not hindered by necessary occasions), to consult and

incoming the promoting of experimentall learning. And that each

of UN \\ill allowe one shilling weekely, towards the defraying of occasional!

Provided that if any one or more of us shall thinke fitt at any time

to withdraw r. lie or they shall, after notice thereof given to the Company at

a meeting, he treed from this obligation for the future.'

To this are attached the signatures of nearly all those persons
'prised in the Catalogue of names prepared at the meeting
on the -JSth of November, as also of seventy-three others, who
i 1 >sequently elected into the Society, as may be seen in
Journal-book.

•k- I'.oyle to join with liiui in attempting to put his design into

•KID. Hi- propo-al \\.-iv to juircliasc thirty or forty acres of land within twenty-five

•"idoii. ami if tin-re were already no suitable dwellings, to erect buildings thereon

iikethiiM' of the ( arlhu-ian Convent in Paris, with public rooms, laboratory, and

-nt- or cell- f,,r the habitation of the members of the Society. He coupled his

prvpwttioa Ntt ; -tatenient of the order that should he followed in the daily

i-iimary plan came to nothing, but next year he threw himself

Mto the affair- of the Royal Society, in the Charter of which he was named

icil.

EARLIEST MINUTES OF MEETINGS n

On the 12th December another Meeting was held. The
following is the entry in the Journal-hook :

'It was referred to my Lord Broimcker, Sir Robert Mornv, Sir Paul Neil,
Mr. Matthew Wren, Dr. Goddard, and Mr. Chri.stophcr Wren, to consult
about a convenient place for the weekly meeting of the Societv.

'It was then voted that no person shall be admitted into the Socielv
without scrutiny, excepting only such as are of the degree of Barons or above.

'Sir Kenelme Digby, Mr. Austen, and Dr. Bates, were then by vote chosen
into the Society.

'That the stated number of this Society be five .and fifty. That twenty-
one of the stated number of this Society be the quorum for Elections.

'That any person of the degree of Baron or above may be admitted a>
supernumerarys, if they shall desire it, and will conforme themselves to such
orders as are or shall be established.

4 Whereas it was suggested at the Committee that the Colledge of Physitian-
would afford convenient accommodation for the meeting of this Society ;
uppon supposition that it be graunted and accepted of, it was thought
reasonable, that any of the Fellowes of the said Colledge, if they shall desire
it, be likewise admitted as Supernumerarys, they submitting to the Luwes
of the Society, both as to the pay at their admission, and the weekly allow-
ance ; as likewise the particular works or tasks that may be allotted to them.

'That the Publick Professors of Mathematicks, Physick, and Natural!
Philosophy, of both Universitys, have the same priviledge with the Colledge
of Physitians, they paying as others at their admission, and contributing
their weekely allowance and assistance, when their occasions do permitt them
to be in London.

'That the quorum of this Society be nine for all matters excepting the
Businesse of Elections.

' Concerning the Manner of Elections.

' That no man shall be elected the same day he is proposed. That at the
least twenty-one shall be present at each election.

'That the Amanuensis doe provide severall little scroles of paper of an
equall length and breadth, in number double to the Society present. One
halfe of them shall be marked with a crosse, and being roled up shall be lay'd
in a heap on the table, the other halfe shall be marked with cyphers, and
being roled up shall be lay'd in another heap. Every person coming in his
order shall take from each heap a role, and thro we which he please privately
into an urne, and the other into a boxe. Then the Director, and two others of
the Society, openly numbering the crossed roles in the urn, shall accordingly
pronounce the election.

'That if two thirds of the present number do consent uppon any scrutiny,
that election to be good, and not otherwise.

l-j UFAOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

•he Officers and Servants of the Society.

ling Officers of this Society to hi' three, that is to say, a
;irer, and a Register. The President to he
onthly.
•Th • continue one yeare, as also the Register.

it there lu- likewise two servants belonging to this Society, an

i ml an Operator.

•That : rarer dor every quarter give in an account of the Stock

in hi* hand, and all disbursements made to the President or Director, and
anv three others to he appointed by the Society: who are to report it to

tv.

•That anv bill of charges brought in by the Amanuensis and Operator,

and subacribed In the President and Register for any experiment made, and

ibid by the Curators of the experiment, or the major part of them, be

tlicient warrant to the Treasurer for the payment of that sum.

•That the Register provide three bookes, one for the statutes and names

of th . another for experiments and the result of debates : and a third

onall orders.

•That the salary of the Amanuensis be 40/. per annum, and his pay for
particular business at the ordinary rate, either by the sheet or otherwise, as
the President and Register can best agree with him.

• Tii.it the sdarv of the Operator be foure pounds by the yeare, and for any
other ia the Curators who employ him shall judge reasonable.

•That at every meeting, three or more of the Society be desired that they

would please to be reporters for that meeting, to sitt at table with the

and take notes of all that shall be materially ottered to the Society

and debated in it, who together may form a report against the next meeting

tiled by the Register.

* \Yhrn the admission-money comes to 20/., then to stop.'

At a subsequent meeting, held December 19, 1660, it was
that the next meeting should be at Gresham Colledge,
ii \\reke to weeke till further order', the suggestion
that the Soeirty should meet at the College of Physicians being
en up.

On iln- i;th March. KiOO-1, Sir Robert Moray was chosen

nt. and on April 10 was re-elected 'for an other month'.

II< li:i«l been knighted by Charles I, and joined Charles II in his

With the latter monarch he had much influence, which

IK used oieatly to the benefit of the infant Society.

I'l.A.I. II

i .-

5 £

I f-

w 2
fT ^

if f

THE NAMING OF THE SOC IKTY i:j

On the evening of May 3 following. Kino Charles paid a visit
to the Society and was shown Saturn's rings and Jupiter and his
satellites * through his Majesty's great telescope, drawing thirty-
five feet; on which were divers discourses'.1 Trn days later
Evelyn records: 'May 14. His Majesty was pleased to discourse
with me concerning several particulars relating to our Society,
and the planet Saturn, &c., as he sate at Supper in the uith-
drawing-room to his bedroom.' 2

The question of the name that should be given to the new
Society was doubtless the subject of much discussion at this time.
It would appear that the name ultimately chosen was first
publicly applied to the Society by Evelyn in the Dedication to
the Earl of Clarendon of his translation of Gabriel Naude's * Avis
pour dresser une Bibliotheque ', wherein he lauded that nobleman
for his services 4 in the promoting and encouraging of the ROYAI.
SOCIETY'. The book appeared about the middle of November.
By that time Evelyn seems to have accustomed himself to think,
and even in his Diary to write, of the company of philosophers
as the 'Royal Society'. His colleagues lost no time in
expressing their gratification to him for his public recognition of
them by this title. The entry in his Diary under date
December 3 is as follows : ' By universal suffrage of our philo-
sophic assembly, an order was made and registered, that I should
receive their public thanks for the honourable mention I made
of them by the name of Royal Society, in my Epistle Dedicatory
to the Lord Chancellor before my traduction of Naudaeus. Too
great an honour for a trifle.' 3 It is allowable to believe that
during the frequent conversations which Evelyn had with the
King that autumn, when so many subjects were discussed, the
important matter of the Society's name was considered. Charles
was now genuinely interested in the work of the philosophers,
and if he did not propose the title himself, he doubtless at once
approved of it, if it was suggested by his eminent and esteemed
courtier.

The question of a name had become somewhat urgent, for the

1 Evelyn's Diary, vol. ii, p. 168. Edit, of Austin Dobsou, 1906.

2 Ibid. p. 170.

3 Ibid. p. 179 ; Journal-book of Royal Society, December 11, K5<il.

u UFA OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

desirability of obtaining for the Society a Royal Charter of

incorporation was discussed among the members during the

summer I, with the result that on the 18th September of

that year a petition to the King for a royal grant of incorporation

1 at a nurling of the Society. Probably in large measure

0 Sir Robert Moray's influence, a favourable response to

was not long delayed, for at a meeting held on

October 1C. 'Sir Robert Moray acquainted the Society that

nd Si. Paul Xeile kissed the King's hands in the Company's
Xame. and is int rented by them to return most humble thancks
to His Majesty for the Reference he was pleased to graunt of
their Petition : and to this favour and honour hee was pleased to
otter of him selfe to bee enter'd one of the Society'.

The Charter of Incorporation (see p. 48) passed the Great Seal
on the 15th July, 16(>2. This is, therefore, the date of the
beginning of the Royal Society. The Charter was read before
the Society on the 13th August of the same year, and on the
•J'Jth the President, Council, and Fellows went to Whitehall and
returned their thanks to His Majesty.

As a further mark of the royal favour a mace 'of the same
fashion and bigness as those carried before his Majesty, to be borne
before our President on meeting days' was presented (Plate IV).
The words of the order of 23rd May, 1663, are : ' A Warrant to
prepare and deliver to the Rt. Hon. William, Lord Viscount
Urouncker, President of the Royall Society of London for
improving Natural Knowledge by experiments, one guilt Mace of
one hundred and fifty oz. [troy weight] being a guift from His
• the said Society.' This mace is of silver, richly gilt.

>nsists of a stem handsomely chased, with a running pattern
of noses and thistles, terminated at the upper end by an urn-
shaped head, surmounted by a crown, ball, and cross. On the
head are embossed figures of a rose, harp, thistle, and fleur-de-lys,
emblematic of Kngland, Ireland, Scotland, and France, on each
sid<- of which are the letters C.R. Under the crown, and at
the top of the head, the royal arms appear very richly chased ;
and al the Other extremity of the stem are two shields, the

hearing the arms of the Society, the other the following
inscription :

THE GRANTING OF A CHARTER n

Ex munificentia
Augustissimi Monarchae

Carol! II
Dei Gra. Mag. Brit. Franc, et Hib.

Regis fkt'.

Societatis llegalis ad Scientiam

Naturalem promouendu institutae

Fundatoris et Patroni

An. Dni. 1663

This mace is still in constant use. At every meeting of the
Council and of the Society it is placed on the table in front of
the President before the business is begun.1

The first Council of the incorporated Society as given in this
Charter was as follows : Viscount Brouncker (President), Sir
Robert Moray, Kt., Robert Boyle, William Brereton (afterwards
Lord Brereton), Sir Kenelme Digby, Kt., Sir Paul Neile, Henry
Slingesby, Sir William Petty, Kt., John AVallis, D.D., Timothy
Clarke, M.D., John Wilkins, D.D., George Ent, M.D., William
Erskine, Jonathan Goddard, M.D., Christopher Wren, William
Balle, Matthew Wren, John Evelyn, Thomas Henshawe, Dudley
Palmer, Henry Oldenburg (Secretary).

The first Charter, however, did not give the Fellows all the
privileges which they desired, and, representations having been
made, a second Charter (see p. 69), supplying the desired privileges
and retaining all the clauses of incorporation contained in the first
Charter, passed the Great Seal on the 22nd of April, 1663, and
was read before the Society on the 13th May following. In 1669
a third Charter (see p. 94) was given, but this does little more
than grant to the Society lands in Chelsea (the Chelsea College,
pp. 25, 27), and while confirming the powers given by the second
Charter makes some slight changes.

It is practically the second Charter which ensures the Society
its privileges, and by which the Society has since been, and
continues to be, governed. In this Charter the King declares
himself to be the Founder and Patron of the Society. It is
provided, as in the first Charter, that the Society shall be

1 The groundlessness of the legend that this mace of the Society was the ' bauble '
turned out of the House of Commons by Oliver Cromwell has been exposed by Weld,
Hist. Roy. Soc., vol. i, p. 152, &c.

n; UFA-OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

administered hv a Council of twenty-one persons, of whom ten
si, all retire each year on St. Andrew's Day, when a new election
of Council and officers shall take place. The election of the
Council, the I 'resident, the Treasurer, and the two Secretaries is
placed in the hands of the 1 'resident, Council, and Fellows, as
is also the reception and admission of members. But, otherwise,
• the making of laws, statutes, and ordinances, and the transaction
of all matters relating to management of the Society and its
affairs' is entrusted to the President and Council alone. Hence
by tlu- Charter, the By- Laws, or Statutes (pp. 117-58) as they are
called. 1>\ which the Society is governed, are made and changed
by the President and Council. At p. 159 will be found some
Notes on the Statutes, which give a brief history of the suc-

i\e changes in the internal administration by the President
and Council from the foundation of the Society to the present time.
The Council and officers nominated in the first Charter were
re-nominated in the second, except that the names of Sir George
Talbot and Abraham Hill were substituted for those of Dr. Wallis
and Dr. Christopher Wren, and that William Balle was designated
Treasurer and .John Wilkins and Henry Oldenburg, Secretaries.
The second Charter contained a provision that all persons whom
the President and Council should receive into the Society within
two months from the date of the Charter should be named Fellows
of the I {oval Society. In accordance with this provision, at a

ting held on May *20, 1663, the following persons were
declared to be members, and they, together with four members
who were subsequently elected at a meeting held on June 22

Chronological Register of Fellows), constituted the original
Fellows of the Society :

William, Ix>rd Rrounrkrr. IVes.

James, Lord

William Areskine, Esq.

John Allevn,

Elia.s Aslmiole,

John KMJ.

John A \vlnvy. Ivq.

i hike of Buckingham,

<>rd Berkeley.
Robert, Lord Urn

Robert Boyle, Esq.
Richard Boyle, Esq.
William Brereton, Esq,
Thomas Baines, M.D.
Isaac Barrow, B.D.
William Balle, Esq.
Peter Balle, M.D.
John Brook, Esq.
David Bruce, M.D.
George Bate, M.D.

PLATE III

KING CHAKLKS II
From a portrait painted in the school of_Lcly, in the possession of the Royal Society

THE ORIGINAL MEMKKKS

17

William, Lord Cavendish.

Walter Charlcton, M.I).

Timothy Clark, M.D.

Edward Cotton, D.D.

Daniel Col wall, Esq.

John Clayton, Esq.

Thomas Cox, M.D.

William Croone, M.D.

John, Earle Craford and Lindesay.

Henry, Marquis Dorchester.

William, Earle Devonshire.

Sir Kenelme Digby, Kt.

Sir John Denham, Knight of the Bath.

John Driden, Esq.

Seth, Lord Bipp. Exeter.

George Ent, M.D.

John Evelyn, Esq.

Andrew Ellise, Esq.

Sir Francis Fane, Knight of the Bath.

Sir John Finch, Kt.

Mons. Le Febure.

Francis Glisson, M.D.

Jonathan Goddard, M.D.

John Graunt, Esq.

Hatton, Christopher, Lord

Charles Howard, Esq.

William Hoare, M.D.

Sir Robert Harley, Kt.

Nathaniel Henshaw, M.D.

Thomas Henshaw, Esq.

James Hayes, Esq.

William Holder, D.D.

Theodore Haak, Esq.

William Hammond, Esq.

Abraham Hill, Esq.

John Hoskins, Esq.

Mr. Robert Hooke.

Richard Jones, Esq.

Alexander, Earle Kincardin.

Sir Andrew King, Kt.

John, Lord Lucas.

James Long, Esq.

Anthony Lowther, Esq.

John, Viscount Massereene.

Sir Robert Moray, K I .

Sir Anthony Morgan, Kt.

Christofer Merrett, M.D.

James, Earle Northampton.

Sir Paul Neile, Kt.

Sir Thomas Notte, Kt.

William Neilc, Esq.

Jaspar Nedham, M.D.

Henry Oldenburg, Ks(j.

Sir William Persall, Kt.

Sir William Petty, Kt.

Sir Richard Powle, Knight of the

Bath.

Sir Robert Paston, Kt. and Bart.
Sir Peter Pett, Kt.
Walter Pope, M.D.
John Pell, D.D.
Peter Pett, Esq.
Henry Powle, Esq.
Thomas Povey, Esq.
Dudley Palmer, Esq.
Henry Proby, Esq.
Phillip Packer, Esq.
William Quatremain, M.D.
Edward, Earle Sandwich.
Sir James Shaen, Kt.
Charles Scarburgh, M.D.
Thomas Stanley, Esq.
George Smith, M.D.
Henry Slingesby, Esq.
Alex. Stanhope, Esq.
Robert Southwell, Esq.
William Schroter, Esq.
Thomas Spratt, D.D.
Sir Gilbert Talbot, Kt.
Christofer Terne, M.D.
Samuel Tuke, Esq.
Cornelius Verm uy den, Esq.
Sir Cyrill Wyche, Kt.
Sir Peter Wyche, Kt.
John Wilkins, D.D.
Daniel Whistler, M.D.

is KKCOKi) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

John \Yulli>, D.I).
Kdmmid Wai!

.

- Wlllughby, K
William Win-

John Winthrop, Esq.
Matthew Wren, Esq.
Thomas Wren, M.D.
Christofer Wren, LL.D.
Edmund Wylde, Esq.

A special interest is attached to the foregoing list, inasmuch as
it affords an indication of the spirit in which the early founders
of the Royal Society chose the men whom they wished to be

•.-iated with them in one common fellowship for the further-
ance of natural knowledge. The first feature to be noticed is the
comparatively small proportion of men who had much claim to

•onsidcrcd scientific. The number of such men in the whole
community at that time was certainly not large.1 At one of the

t ings, held eighteen months before the granting of the Charter,
it had been resolved *that the stated number of this Society be

and fifty \ as if the intention had been to confine the member-
ship to those who were actually engaged in the pursuit of
experimental philosophy or at least had shown themselves to
he keenly interested in its progress. But during the interval
between December 12, 1660, and May 20, 1663, a much wider
conception was entertained as to the composition of the infant
society. The men of science, properly so called, who appear in
the list, are hardly one-fifth of the whole number. But they
include some whose names are held in remembrance wherever the
history of modern science is known — the Honourable Robert
Koyle, the most prominent man of science of his day, who in
many branches of investigation opened out paths that have led
to the modern development of chemistry and physics; John
\Vilkins, Warden of Wudham College, afterwards Bishop of
Chester, one of the ablest and most active in the group of
originators of the Uoyal Society, who, besides successively filling
high offices if) the Church and the Universities, produced a
t scientific writings that displayed great mathematical
acumen, and forecasted the submarine navigation of the sea and
tin- practicability of the navigation of the air; John Waliis,

1 In }]< "*' Krbniary 1(5, 1(546-7, already quoted, after his eulogium of the

m«MM}>«-r> nf tin- ' imUil.lc colic-,. ', }u, concludes with the recital of ' their chiefest fault,
which j> \«.ry in :!:n<M all good things ; and that is, that there is not enough of

tin-in '.

SOME OF THE EARLY LEADERS l<>

another distinguished mathematician, who ranked as one of the
leaders of science in his day ; Robert Hooke, brilliant, original,
and versatile as a physicist, with an inexhaustible fertility in
devising experimental proofs of physical deductions, a gift which
he employed unweariedly in the service of the Society, thus
largely contributing to the interest and success of the meetings :
John Evelyn, a true and typical virtuoso of the noblest kind,
scholar, and gentleman with the keenest interest in natural history
and a warm supporter of the experimental philosophy ; Francis
Glisson, Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge, afterwards
President of the Royal College of Physicians, a pioneer in physio-
logy ; Francis Willughby, eminent as a zoologist and author of a
valuable work on Ornithology and also a History of Fishes, both of
which treatises were published by the Royal Society ; Jonathan
Goddard, Gresham Professor of Physic, Warden of Merton,
Oxford, whose laboratory and personal service were constantly at
the call of the Society ; Sir William Petty, singularly versatile
and ingenious, who, after his mathematical and anatomical studies,
surveyed the whole of Ireland, producing the most exact map of
the kind that had ever been constructed, who turned his
mechanical genius to the invention of various contrivances such
as a double-keeled vessel that should be steady on the water and
4 a wheel to ride upon ', and who is perhaps most widely known as
one of the early founders and exponents of political economy ;
Walter Pope, Gresham Professor of Astronomy, "and John
Graunt, who even in his own lifetime was recognized and hon-
oured as the first to break ground in the scientific treatment
of vital statistics. In this gallery of worthies a place of special
distinction is due to Sir Christopher Wren, commonly thought of
only as an eminent architect, but who was undoubtedly the most
widely accomplished man of his time. An able mathematician.
Wren early turned his attention to the applications of mathe-
matics, so as to become a pioneer in dynamical science. He
was astronomical professor first at Gresham College and there-
after at Oxford. He was likewise a meteorologist before the

1 His f Micrographia ', published in 1665 by the Royal Society, was one of the earliest
works in which the value of the microscope as an instrument of scientific research was
developed, and was illustrated with excellent plates.

c 2

jo RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

in vest Ration of the air had taken shape. He studied anatomy

and made original contributions to that branch of science, notably

I to the transfusion of blood from one animal to another.

He was one of the first naturalists to investigate the structure of

•ts with the microscope. Being gifted with great skill and

a draughtsman, he was able to produce remarkable

drawings of what lie observed. His fame as the most dis-

uished architect that Britain has produced has somewhat

shadowed his other accomplishments. To him the Royal

t\ owes a deep debt of gratitude for the constant and loyal

ice which he rendered to it in its early days. He was chosen

.ident in 1(580.

This group of distinguished and ardent prosecutors of experi-
mental philosophy gathered around them within the pale of their
newly constituted society a representative company of all that
was most notable in the general society of the day. In literature,
having at the very outset elected Abraham Cowley, they
added the three most illustrious living poets of England-
John Dryden, John Denham, and Edmund Waller. They had
already among their original number one or two prominent
Churchmen who were not only theologians but true men of
science, such as \Vilkins, afterwards Bishop of Chester, Ward, then
Bishop of Exeter, and Sprat, afterwards Bishop of Rochester. To
- they added a few others, the most conspicuous being Isaac
Marrow, who was not more distinguished as a divine than as a
<k scholar and mathematician, the first occupant of the
Lucasian chair at Cambridge (in which he was succeeded by his
pupil. Isaac Xewton) and afterwards Master of Trinity College.
In the list of original members of the Royal Society the peerage
likewise represented by upwards of a dozen members, one of
whom. Lord Brouncker, an eminent mathematician, was chosen to
he the Hist President. Perhaps the most noteworthy peer was the
famous Duke of Buckingham, who among his various tastes and
iipations had some acquaintance with chemistry and took out
tent for glass-making, but who is perhaps best remembered as
Dryden's Ximri.1 Politicians, men of affairs, civil servants, and

' ami tin- ilnkr urn- original UH'iul.rrs of the Royal Society, they may
h:i • ty*l inn-til

SOME OF THE EARLY LEADERS

lawyers were also chosen into the Society in the first selection.
Among these we find the names of John Winthrop, Governor of
Connecticut, who had come to London bearing a loyal address
from his colony to the Kin<r and who subsequently sent many
* rarities ' to the Society's Repository ; Sir Cyril Wyche, barrister
and ultimately one of the three lords justices entrusted with the
government of Ireland, who became President of the Society in
1683; Sir Joseph Williamson, who founded the London Gazette,
which is still published ; Abraham Hill, Commissioner of Trade,
who twice served a period of several years as Treasurer of the
Society ; Sir Robert Southwell, English envoy in Portugal, after-
wards principal Secretary of State for Ireland and President of
the Royal Society for five years from 1690.

It was natural that as the study of medicine involved practical
acquaintance with some departments of science, medical men
should be well represented among the original Fellows of the Royal
Society. Besides the Gresham Professor of Physic, already
referred to, there were William Croone, who was not only a
doctor of medicine but also Gresham Professor of Rhetoric, and
by whose benefaction the Croonian Lecture Fund of the Royal
Society was established ; Francis Glisson, already referred to ;
and Daniel Whistler, who was President of the Royal College
of Physicians in 1683, and a number of other prominent physicians
of the day.

Of a considerable proportion of the original Fellows of the
Society little or nothing is known. They were mostly, to use
Sprat's expression, ' gentlemen, free and unconfin'd,' that is, men
who were not connected with any of the professions, but ' who
by the freedom of their education, the plenty of their estates, and
the usual generosity of noble bloud, may be well suppos'd to be
most averse from sordid considerations '.l There is, however, one
of the company who deserves to be had in remembrance — John
Graunt, already referred to, the author of the ' Natural and
Political Observations on the Bills of Mortality', 1661, of which
Sir William Petty made such good use. So much did Graunt's
treatment of vital statistics attract attention that the King himself

1 History, p. 68.

RKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

.inmended the election of the 'judicious author ' into the Royal
• in whose election it was so far from being a prejudice
that he was a shop-keeper of London, that his Majesty gave this
particular charge to his Society, that if they found any more
such tradesmen, tluy should be sure to admit them all without
any more ad

The second (Charter granted arms to the Society, which were
thus defined. * \Ve give and grant ... to the President, Council
and l-Vllows ... in testimony of our royal favour towards them,
and of our peculiar esteem for them . . . these following blazons of
honour in the dexter corner of a silver shield our three Lions of
Kngland. and for Crest a helm adorned with a crown studded with
florets, surmounted by an eagle of proper colour holding in one
toot a shield charged with our Lions : supporters, two white
hounds gorged with crowns.' The motto which the Society chose
from Horace, * Nullius in verba,' was an expression of their
determination to withstand the domination of authority and to
\ erify all statements by an appeal to facts.

on after the incorporation of the Society a folio volume was
prepared of leaves of the finest vellum. It is bound in crimson
\ civet with gilt clasps and corners, having on one side a gold
plate hearing the shield of the Society and on the other the eagle
crest Into this volume the Charters were transcribed, and it is
thus known as the 'Charter-book'. After the Charters and Statutes
follow the signatures of the Fellows, commencing with that of the
King and on the same page those of the Duke of York [after-
•1s James II], (ieorge [Prince of Denmark, and consort
v>ucen Anne], and 'Rupert, Fellow'. In the Journal-book
under date January 11, 1664-5, it is recorded that ' the Charter-
hook of the Society was produced wherein his Majesty had
written himself CIIAKI.KS K. ForxDKK : and his Highness the
Duke of York, JAMI.S, Fellow; the Duke of Albemarle also
having entered his name at the same time'. Pepys relates that
being ;,t Whitehall, • I saw the Royal Society bring their new
hook wherein is nobly writ their Charter and Laws, and comes to
d by the Duke as a Fellow and all the Fellows' hands
utered there, and lie as a monument; and the King

1 Sprat, loc. cit.

THE SOCIETY AND ST. AXDKKU S DAY j;

hath put his with the word Founder/ 1 Vinci- Rupert, who was
elected in March, 1664, took much interest in some branches <•)'
science and in the work of the Society. Prince George on
November 30, 1704, * was unanimously chosen a member of the
Society,' and on December 13 following wrote his name in
the book. After the royal signatures conic the autographs of
the Fellows who have been admitted from that date down to
the present day. At the time of his admission each Fellow
first signs his name in the Charter-book beneath the declaration
that he will endeavour to promote the good of the Society and
obey its rules, and he then shakes hands with the President,
who declares him to be a duly elected Fellow of the Society.

The definite provision in the Charters that the annual election
of the Council and Officers should take place on St. Andrew's
Day, the 30th November, in each year has given rise to much
speculation as to why that particular day should have been
chosen. It has been taken for granted that the date was selected
with some reference to Scotland and her patron saint. But there
was perhaps no such original intention. It will be remembered
that when the meetings of the ' philosophic society ' wrere revived
at Gresham College after the political troubles, the first of them
was held on November 28, 1660, and that it was then that the
first steps were taken towards the formal organization of what
ultimately became the Royal Society. That date might thus be
appropriately held as the anniversary of the Society, but as it was
only two days removed from St. Andrew's Day, which is so
important a date in the ecclesiastical year, we can suppose that
the 30th November was chosen as a more familiar and prominent
date, and once chosen it would naturally lead to the belief that
St. Andrew is the patron saint of the Society.1

Whether this suggested explanation be well founded or not
the legend soon took shape that the Royal Society had some
special relation to the patron saint of Scotland. Thus, we find
that on the first anniversary after the granting of the second
Charter, that is on November 30, 1663, Evelyn made the follow -

1 The choice would be all the more likely from the Scotsman, Sir Robert Moray, having
been so active in procuring1 the granting of the Charter.

•J4 KEcoun OF 'vim ROYAL SOCIETY

ing entry in his Diary : 'the first anniversary of our Society for
the choice of new officers, according to the tenor of our patent
:ind institution. It being St. Andrew's Day, who was our

OH, each Fellow wore a St. Andrew's Cross of ribbon on the
crown of his hat. After the election, we dined together, his
Majesty sending us venison.' l ' This early custom of the Fellows

ring a St. Andrew's Cross of ribbon at the Anniversary
well as the practice of the President of keeping on

.at in the Chair, except when addressing the Fellows, and his
wearing the large cornelian ring, bearing the Arms of the Society,

icathed by Martin Folkes for the perpetual use of the
President, have been long things of the past.' 2

The antiquary John Aubrey, who was one of the original
Fellows of the Society, has preserved the following note of a
conversation with Sir William Petty, who was also one of the
original Fellows: ' I remember one St. Andrewe's Day (which is
the day of the generall meeting of the Royall Society for annual
elections), I sayd, " Methought 'twas not so well that we should
pitch upon the Patron Saint of Scotland's Day ; we should rather
have taken St. George or St. Isidore (a philosopher canonized)."
•• Xo," sayd Sir William, " I had rather have had it been on
St. Thomas's Day, for he would not beleeve till he had seen and
putt his fingers into the holes ; according to the motto Nul&us in

Although Cliarles II took much interest in the starting of his

I loyal Society, he found difficulty in assisting its progress with

the financial support of which it necessarily stood in need. The

riments which formed so large and important a part of

the Society's work must have involved considerable expense, all

which had to be defrayed by the Fellows themselves. The need

additional funds was so urgent that in the same year in

1 Pej.ys, who became I . U.S. in l<;()4, entered in his Diary for November 30, 1668 : ' I did
iiif their ( ouneil, it heiiitf St. Andrew's Day, and I had his cross set on my

:iil, and co-t me ±v.'

Royal Soriety. or, Science in the State and in the Schools/ hy the late Sir William
i>. \'l. In the Journal-book under date May 27, 1663, a resolution is recorded
that from the D : the Society 'no Fellow shall depart without giving notice to

the President', and that ' the President, when in the Chair is to be covered, notwithstand-
ing the Fellows of tlie Society he uncovered \

Aul.v. .,1. ii. part ii, j,. 4»0.

P.M. l\

Tin: MACK, i'in:si;\TKi> JJY KIN<; CHAUI.KS II

EARLY KIXAXCIAL STKA1TS

which the first Charter was granted application was made to the
King for a grant of lands or other property in Ireland, when- the
Duke of Ormond, the Lord Lieutenant, was charged with the
rearrangement of confiscated property. The King even wrote
personal letters to the Duke strongly recommending the Society
for *a liberal contribution from the adventurers and officers of
Ireland for the better encouragement of them in their designs .
As nothing came of the royal appeal the Society in 1663 directly
petitioned the Duke himself, but without success.

Early in 1664 a proposal was considered ' to solicit a grant
from the King of such lands as were left by the sea '. Another
suggestion was ' that the King might be spoken to, to confer such
offices in the Courts of Justice, or the Custom House, as were in
his Majesty's grant, upon some members of the Society for the
use of the whole '. At last a petition was sent up to the King
praying him to grant Chelsea College l and the lands belonging
to it to the Society. There were many legal obstacles to this
grant, but at last in the year 1669 the property was finally
conveyed to the Royal Society (see portea, p. 27). In the
meantime it was firmly resolved 'that every member of the
Council should think on ways to raise a revenue for carrying on
the design and work of the Society'. The need of strenuous
exertions to augment the income became all the more urgent as
increasing difficulty was found in obtaining the ordinary subscrip-
tions of the FeUows. At the end of eleven years (1673) it was
found that the arrears amounted to almost £2,000. (See note
on the 'Bonds', p. 173.) In later years, after the adoption of
a regulation that defaulters with their subscriptions beyond
a certain period of time lost their Fellowship, the contributions
have been paid without trouble.

Regular or stated meetings of the Royal Society have been
held weekly during the session from the beginning of its history,
but the day of the week and the hour of assembly have some-
what varied. At first in 1663 they took place on Wednesday at
2 p.m., but in July of the same year the hour was changed to

1 This was an institution founded by James I for the purpose of defending the
established Church and refuting heresies. It had a Provost and seventeen Fellows, all
theologians. But it did not thrive, and by the time of Charles II was turned into a kind
of hospital or prison for the prisoners and wounded men in the war with the Dutch.

26 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

3 p.m. In 177(5 the time of the meeting was fixed for Thurs-
day at r> p.m.. hut previous to this date changes had taken
place from Wednesday to Thursday and back again, and from
3 p.m. to 4 p.m.. and again to (> p.m. Since 1710 the meetings
have he-en on Thursdays, the hour being changed in 1780 from
<i to « p.m.. and about 1831 to 8.30 p.m. In 1880 the meetings
ceased to he held in the evening, the hour being altered to
4.30 p.m.. at which time it still remains. The Fellows, however,
are in the habit of meeting for general conversation in the tea-
room from 4 o'clock till the opening of the meeting at 4.30.

The habitat of the Royal Society has likewise undergone various
changes during the last two centuries and a half. The meetings con-
ti n i icd to be held at Gresham College for some years, but they were
interrupted by two successive calamities which befell the City of
1 Condon. After June 28, 1665, they were for more than eightmonths
discontinued on account of the Great Plague, when the Court
and a large part of society fled from the pestilence. Some of the
Fellows of the Royal Society, however, who had public functions
to discharge, remained courageously in London, and at imminent
risk of infection continued the active prosecution of their duties.
Thus John Evelyn gave up his time and energies to the anxious
work that devolved upon him as one of the three Commissioners
appointed to take care of the sick and wounded and the prisoners
in the war which had been declared against Holland. Samuel
IVpys. too, stuck to his important Admiralty post with its multi-
farious engagements. The entries in the diaries of these two
contemporaries, especially that of Pepys, bring vividly before the
imagination the appalling nature of the scourge. Oldenburg
the Secretary, together with his family, likewise bravely remained
in London, and escaped the infection.

After the plague began to abate the meetings of the Society
wen- resumed at Gresham College on March 14, 1665-6. Rut
before long they were again rudely interrupted by the disaster of
the Great Fire of London, which broke out on the night of the
2nd September of that year. The meetings which were due on
the 5th and 12th of that month were not held, and though the
Society seems to have met on the 19th and some following
weeks at Dr. Tope's lodging, or in other rooms in Gresham

THE SOCIETY AM) CHELSEA COLLKX.K 27

College, it had to leave the College, which, on account of the tiiv.
was wanted as an Exchange until a new Exchange could be
erected. On January !), 1666-7, the Society met at Anmdcl
House, in the Strand, originally the Bishop of Bath's Palace, on
the site now occupied by Arundel and Norfolk Streets, where
rooms had been placed at its disposal by Mr. Henry Howard,
who afterwards succeeded to the dukedom of Norfolk. This
became the head -quarters of the Society until near the end of the
year 1673.

During the seven years in which the meetings were held at
Arundel House the question of obtaining a habitation of their
own was discussed by the Fellows. As already stated, it was in
the early summer of the year 1667 that the King's gift of Chelsea
College was made, when land amounting to nearly thirty acres,
together with all the buildings upon the ground, was handed over to
the Society. This gift is thus mentioned by Evelyn : * 24th Sep-
tember [1667]. Returned to London where I had orders to deliver
the possession of Chelsea College (used as my prison during the war
with Holland for such as were sent from the fleet to London) to
our Society, as a gift of his Majesty, our Founder.' The warrant
for a new Charter (the third) granting this property to the Royal
Society was dated May 24, 1667. But some delay occurred in the
completion of the legal formalities connected with the benefaction,
and it was not until April 8, 1669, that the third Charter was
signed, by which the Chelsea property was vested in the President,
Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society. On the 19th of next
month Evelyn recorded that ' at a Council of the Royal Society
our grant was finished in which his Majesty gives us Chelsea
College and some land about it '.

Before three years had passed, however, the King thought that
the Chelsea property might be better employed for another pur-
pose, and he accordingly desired to repurchase it from the Royal
Society. Evelyn's chronicle of this change of purpose is contained
in the following entry in his Diary: * 14th September, 1681.
Dined with Sir Stephen Fox, who proposed to me the purchasing
of Chelsea College, which his Majesty had sometime since given
to our Society, and would now purchase it again to build an
hospital or infirmary for soldiers there, in which he desired my

•J8 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

assistance- as one of the Council of the Royal Society.' To this
proposal the President (Sir Christopher Wren) and the Council
assented, and a sum of £l,8()0 was paid in recompense for the
surrender. Thus the ground on which Chelsea Hospital stands
was once the property of the Royal Society.

But even after the Chelsea College and ground had been
promised, and before the property was repurchased by the King,
the Fellows of the Society contemplated the erection of their
future home on a more central site. Mr. Henry Howard having
ottered to present a portion of ground for the erection of a college
on the land near Arundel House, Committees were formed at the
beginning of the year 1667-8 for the purpose of collecting funds
for the building. On the 24th of January of that year, as Evelyn
narrates, • we went to stake out ground for building a college for
the Royal Society at Arundel House, but did not finish it ; which
we shall repent of.' A few months later he states : ' 2nd April,
KMI8. To the Royal Society, where I subscribed 50,000 bricks
towards building a College.' In the course of a few months a con-
siderable sum of money was subscribed, and two plans for the
building, one by Mr. Howard and theother by Mr.Hooke,were sub-
mitted. But there appear to have been some legal difficulties as to
tin t itle of the ground. At all events, the scheme was allowed to
drop, and the Society continued to meet under the hospitable roof
of Arundel House for five years more. At last the new Exchange
was completed and Gresham College became once more available.

On December 1, 1673, Evelyn made the following entry in his
Diary: • To (iresham College whither the City had invited the
Royal Society by many of their chief aldermen and magistrates,
who gave us a collation, to welcome us to our first place of
assembly, from whence we had been driven to give place to the
City on their making it their Exchange, on the dreadful confla-
gration, till their new Exchange was finished, which it now was/

Though it was doubtless in many respects of advantage to re-
occupy their old quarters in (iresham College, the desirability of
having premises of their own in which they could accommodate
their growing library and continually increasing collection of
• rarities ' was not lost sight of. Moreover, as years went on,
circumstances arose which made the tenancy of the rooms at

THE SOCIETY'S SEVERAL ABODES 29

Gresham College somewhat uncertain. At last, under the Presi-
dency of Sir Isaac Newton, the Council determined to leave that
institution. There was naturally a sentimental regret on th< part
of a number of the Fellows to remove from what had IK en the
birthplace of the Society, to which it was attached by many
pleasant associations. Hut in 1710 a house was finally purchased
with borrowed money in CraneCourt, Fleet Street (Plate IX). and
the Society met there under its own roof on November 8 of that
year. These premises continued to be the Society's abode for
seventy years, until in the autumn of 1780 rooms in Somerset
House were placed at its disposal by the Government. These
were occupied in time to allow the anniversary meeting to be held
there on November 30 of that year.

The Royal Society remained at Somerset House up till 1 8,57
when, the apartments in that building being required for Govern-
ment offices, the Society was temporarily transferred to that part
of Burlington House which is now occupied by the offices of the
Royal Academy of Arts. The new wings with quadrangle and
gateway to Piccadilly were subsequently added, and in 1873 the
Society took up its quarters in the east wing, where apartments
were arranged to suit its requirements and which it has occupied
ever since. (Plates XIX, XX.)

During the early years of the Society the proceedings at an
ordinary meeting differed a good deal from what has now for
a long time become the settled practice. Instead of the reading
and discussion of formal papers attention was then mainly given
to experiments which were performed by the Fellows themselves
or by officials appointed by them.1 There was likewise an active
correspondence between the Society and observers at home and
abroad, which was reported at the meetings. The general
character of a meeting in the infancy of the Society may be
gathered from the following excerpt from the Journal-book of
date September 10, 1662 :

'Mersennus, his account of the tenacity of cylindrical! bodies was read !>v
Mr. Croone, to whome the prosecution of that matter by consulting Galihro,

1 Sprat states that the chief work at the meetings was the 'directing, judging1,
conjecturing, improving and discoursing upon experiments '. Hist., p. 05.

:u> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

was ivi'i-rivd \\hcn tin- translation of that Italian treatise wherein he handleth
of tliis subject shall bee printed.

• It was order'd, that, at the next meeting Experiments should bee made
with wires of seurall matters of yl- same si/e, silver, copper, iron, &c., to see
what \\ciglit will breake them; the curatour is Mr. Croone.

•The reading of the trench manuscript brought, in by Sr. Robert Moray
about taking heights and distances by Catoptric ks was diffcrred till the
description of the instrument should come.

4 Dr. Goddard ' made an experiment concerning the force that presseth the
dimensions; and it was found, that twelve ounces did contract
.rt of A ire. The quantity of Air is wanting.

• Mv Lord Brouncker was desired to send his Glasse to Dr. Goddard, to
make further e\]>eriments about the force of pressing the aire into less
dimensions.

• Dr. Wren was put in mind to prosecute Mr. Rook's observations con-
cerning the motions of the Satellites of Jupiter.

• Dr. Charleton read an Essay of his, concerning the velocity of sounds,
direct and retlexe, and was desired to prosecute this matter; and to bring his
discourse again next day to bee entered.

• Dr. Goddard made the Experiment to show how much aire a man's lungs
mav hold, bv sucking up water into a separating glasse after the lungs have
been well emptied of Aire. Severall persons of the Society trying it, some
sucked tip in one suction about three pintes of water, one six, another eight
pintes and three quarters, »S:c. Here was observed the variety of whistles or
tones, which y' water made at the several 1 hights, in falling out of the glasse
again.

• Mi. Kvelyn's Experiment was brought in of Animal engrafting, and in
particular of making a Cock spur grow on a Cock's head.

• It uas discoursed whether there bee any such thing as sexes in trees and
other plants; some instances were brought of Palme trees, plum trees, hollies,
Ash trees, Quinces, pionies, &c., wherein a difference was said to be found,
either in their bearing of fruit or in their hardnesse and softness, or in their
mcdicall operations: some said that the difference which is in trees as to
fertility or sterility may bee made1 by ingrafting.

• Mention was made by Sr. Rob. Moray of a French Gentleman who having
been some while since in England, and present, at a meeting of the Society,
discoursed that the nature of all trees was to run altogether to wood, which
Wai changed by a certaine way of cutting them, whereby they were made
against, their nature to heaiv fruit, and that according as this cutting was done
with more or lesse skill, the more or less fruitfull the tree would bee.

1 Of Dr. Jonathan < m.lilanl, Auhrey remarks that, the lloyal Society 'made him their
drudge. tor when any curious experiment wa* to he doiine, they would lay the taske on
him'. ' Mrief Lives,' vol. i, |». 'JOtl.

EXPERIMENTS AT THK MEETINGS :n

fc A proposition was offered by Sr. Robert Moray about the planting of
Timber in England and the preserving of what U now growing.

4 Mr. Boyle shew\l a Pnppey in a certaine liquour, wlierein it had been
preserved during all the hott months of the Summer, though in a broken and
unsealed glasse.

* Sir James Shaen proposed a Candidate by Sr. Rob. Moray."

So important a part did experiments play in the early work of
the Royal Society that the Society (as in the Wan-ant for its
Mace) could be spoken of as one * for the improving of Natural
Knowledge by experiments'. The experiment was performed
for and by itself, and not merely, as at present, in illustration of a
* paper communicated '. Papers were read then as now ; but the
reading of such papers formed only a part, and by no means
a great part, of the business of the meeting. Much time was
spent in discussing the bearings of such experiments as were
shown, and in devising other experiments to be exhibited at some
subsequent meeting, or in instituting investigations to be carried
out in divers places and under various circumstances.

The importance of the experiments performed at the meetings
is shown by the Society early availing itself of the power granted
to it by the Charter of * appointing two or more curators of
experiments', and appointing to this office Robert Hooke, who
had been assistant to Boyle, admitting him also as a Fellow
of the Society. He was elected Curator to the Society on
January 11, 1664-5, ' for perpetuity, with a salary of £30 a year,
pro temporej apartments being assigned to him for residence.
He held the appointment concurrently with the secretaryship, to
which he was elected in 1677. In 1684 Papin was chosen joint
Curator with Hooke, and continued so until 1687, when he
became Professor at Marburg. Both Hooke and Papin were
very active in providing experiments to be shown at the meetings.
The early Journal -books record hundreds of experiments devised
by Hooke.

There appear to have been additional Curators for special
departments, besides the general Curatorship of Hooke. Thus,
in November, 1667, Dr. Lomer was appointed ' Curator in
Anatomical Experiments'. In April, 1672, Dr. Grew was
appointed ' to be a Curator to the Royal Society for the Anatomy

;j-j RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

of Plants for a year, upon subscriptions amounting to £50, to be
made by such membeis of the Society as sbould be willing to
contribute thereto', and in December of that year the Council
promised to 'recommend him to the Society, to continue him
another year, if the subscribers would please to continue their
contributions'. Whether he was actually continued does not
appear. It will also be noticed that in the account of the
meeting of September 10, 1(>62, given above, Mr. Croone is
named as the Curator of a special series of experiments.

On February '27. l<>8:*-4, 'Mr. Hally was desired to bring in
experiments at the meetings of the Society in the manner of a
Curator, and lie should be considered for it as others had been.
He was desired to proceed first upon magnetism, which he
promised to doe.'

On May "27, 1(>85, Mr. Molt was 'imployed in making the
chymical operations', and in 1707 Dr. Douglas and Mr. Hawksbee
similarly employed to prepare experiments, and were paid
for so doing, but do not appear to have borne the title of Curator.
Dr. Desaguliers, however, seems to have received this title. He
was elected a Fellow on July 15, 1714, and was excused his fees,
on account of his usefulness in the Curatorship.

Some of the early experiments were instituted at the instigation

of King Cliarlcs II; and, in the first years of the Society's

existence, appear to have been often prepared in such form as

would be likely to interest him should he attend the meeting.

On one occasion he sent two loadstones and desired to have an

•unt of some of the more considerable experiments made with

them. To another meeting his contribution consisted of 'five

little glass hubbies, two with liquor in them, and the other three

solid, in order to have the judgment of the Society concerning

them . Again, his Majesty inquired 'why the sensitive plants

stir and contract themselves upon being touched', and five of the

most eminent Fellows — Dr. Wilkins, Dr. Clarke, Mr. Boyle,

Mr. K\elyn. and Dr. (ioddard — were appointed 'curators for

mining the fact relating to these plants'. The King even

invoked the Society's co-operation in an important geodetic task.

We read in the Journal-book of October 21, 1669, that 'the

Bishop of Chester [John Wilkins] acquainted the Society that

SUBJECTS DISCUSSED AT EARLY MKK1 I\(,s :w

his Majesty had expressed his desire of having determined t lie-
measure of a degree upon the Earth, and did expect the assistance
of this Society in it '. A committee, consisting of the President
(Lord Brouncker), the Bishop of Salisbury (Seth Ward), the
Bishop of Chester, Sir Robert Moray, Sir Paul Neile, Dr. Wallis,
Dr. Christopher Wren, Dr. Goddard, and Mr. Hooke, was
nominated to consider the subject and report to the Society.

In those days the insatiable curiosity that had been stimulated
by the * Novum Organon ' led men to pry with eager enthusiasm
into every department of Nature. Bacon had complained that
'things of familiar and frequent occurrence do not arrest and
detain the thoughts of men, but are received in passing without
any inquiry into their causes '. He insisted that * things that are
mean or even filthy, no less than the most splendid and costly,
must be admitted into Natural History. Nor is Natural History
polluted thereby ; for the sun enters the sewer, no less than the
palace, yet takes no pollution.' It was in this spirit that the
philosophers of the middle of the seventeenth century originated
and organized their Society. Naturally they took a more com-
prehensive view of their aims and sphere of work than has in later
times been deemed necessary or expedient. Not only did they
deal with pure and applied science, but they extended their
inquiries far and wide among arts and industries, carrying out the
view of their great predecessor, that one of their paramount duties
lay in the fostering of the progress of discovery and invention in
all that concerned the material well-being of society.

The enumeration of topics discussed at the meetings of the
Royal Society during the first years of its history, contained in
the letter of Dr. Wallis already quoted, shows over what a wide
range the interest of the members extended. But the pages of
the Journal-book contain references to many other matters that
were considered, and sometimes made the subject of experiment.
How keenly alive the Society was to take advantage of every
opportunity of advancing knowledge may be estimated from the
elaborate series of observations on the depth, movements, and
composition of the ocean which were devised to be carried out
by the Earl of Sandwich on his voyage to Lisbon to bring over
the bride of Charles II. As the Society included some able

i)

34 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

astronomers, discussions of astronomical problems were not in-
frequently included in the proceedings, and Christopher Wren,
• that rare and early prodigy <>*' universal science,' was even
charged by the Society, in the King's name, to make a globe of
the moon, on which he delineated the superficial features of the
satellite. On the biological side the inquiries were no less
varied. The vegetation of plants, the anatomy of trees, the
circular rings in their wood, the spirals of nut-trees, and other
botanical matters came up for consideration. Still more extended
and diverse were the inquiries in /oology. Christopher Wren,
who among his many accomplishments studied insects with the
microscope, described to the Society and exhibited drawings of
those which he examined. Other communications, accompanied
where' possible by experimental illustration, included the effects of
poison on different animals, the effects on animals of being placed
in Boyle's air-pump, the ligature of vipers from the tail to the
head, the history and generation of insects, the history of vipers,
observations on a live chameleon, and many more. Medical
subjects were likewise discussed. In the Journal-book for June,
1 <i<;i , curators are stated to have been appointed for ' the proposal
of tormenting a man with the sympathetic powder'; while in
the same month, Sir Kenelm Digby gravely * related that the
calcined ponder of toades reverberated, being applyed in baggs
uppon the stomach of a pestiferate body, cures it by severall
applications'. \o art or craft appears to have been thought
unworthy of consideration with a view to the possible improve-
ment of its methods. We read in the Journal-book of a catalogue
of trades, and of inquiries into the history of engraving and
(tching, shipbuilding, cloth-making, the manufacture of hats,
cider, copperas, and other articles.

An important feature in the history of the Royal Society has
been its long an<l intimate connexion with the Royal Observatory
at (.ivcnwich. This institution, the most important observatory
in the world, and from which the longitudes in all countries are
now counted, was somewhat hurriedly established by Charles II.
Tin- erection of a building was begun in 1075, for the purpose of
'finding ()Ut the longitude for perfecting navigation and astro-
nomy. An 'astronomical Observator " was appointed,; and the

FOKKIUN CORRESPONDENCE

illustrious Flamsteed was chosen for the office. The exp
erecting the building was not to exceed C.500. l>ut no provision was
made for fitting the establishment with the necessary instruments.
and tor some fifteen years none were furnished by the Government.
In the meantime, however, the Royal Society lent such astro
nomical instruments as it possessed, and Flamsteed, at his own
charges and with the assistance of friends, added others. In
December, 1710, Queen Anne appointed the President, and such
other of the Fellows of the Royal Society as he should think fit,
to be Visitors of the Observatory. This arrangement, with some
modifications, still subsists. At the accession of William IV the
Hoard of Visitors was reconstituted so as to consist of the President
and five Fellows of the Royal Society, the President and five
Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society, together with the
Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford and the Plumian
Professor of Astronomy at Cambridge. The Board is reappointed
at the commencement of each sovereign's reign, but its constitu-
tion has remained nearly unchanged. At present there are six
representatives of the two Societies besides their presidents, and
the Hydrographer of the Navy has been added (pp. 298-301).

From the outset of its career much of the energy of the Society
was spent in foreign correspondence, in giving information or
advice upon inquiries that were received, in seeking news, or in
instigating researches in foreign places. The Letter-books of the
Society contain many letters that passed between the Society and
various learned bodies and individuals abroad ; the first Letter-
book begins with one dated July 22, 1661, and addressed by the
then President, Sir Robert Moray, to Monsieur de Monmort,
requesting the interchange of scientific communications. M. de
Monmort, a mathematician of note, was the patron of science at
whose house in Paris there assembled that small body of savants
who later, in 1666, were incorporated as the * Academic des
Sciences '.

In order to carry out investigations more efficiently, special
committees were appointed to make inquiries concerning par-
ticular questions, and to report thereon, as, for instance, when Sir
John Lawson desired that a committee might be appointed * to
examine Mr. Greatrix's Diving-instrument, or to direct a good

D 2

;{i; HKC01U) OF THE KOVAL SOCIETY

lor staying under water for a considerable time, to lay the

foundation of the mole at Tangier ' (Council Minutes, January 13,

Moreoxer, permanent committees were instituted, each

to take ch, some special branch of natural knowledge, or

1C o-roup of industries. Thus, in the first year after the second

rter, on March :«). 1<><;4, the following eight committees

re appointed :

• 1. Mechanical. To consider of and improve all Mechanical Inventions.
|(>9 names. |

Vstronomical and Optical. [15 names.]
\natomical. All the Physitinns of the Society, Mr. Boyle, Dr. Wilkins,

Mr. Hook.

4. Chymical. Duke of Buckingham, Mr. Boyle, Sr. Kenelme Digby,
Mr. Charles Howard, Mr. Henshaxv, Mr. Le Febure, Sr. Robert
Paston, All the Phvsitians of the Society.
.">. (ii-orgu-id. \ti£ names.]

6. For Histories of Trades. [35 names.]

7. For Collecting all the Phaenornena of Nature hitherto observed, and

all Kxperiments made and recorded. [21 names.]

8. For Correspondence. [20.] ' l

The titles of these committees sufficiently show to how large
an extent the early energies of the Society were directed towards
the improvement of arts and industries. This side of the Society's
work xvas recogni/ed as far back as the first year of its corporate
existence. In the Journal-book, under date October 15, 1662,
it is recorded that the King had given an additional proof
of his favour to the Society, by declaring his pleasure that no
patent should pass for any philosophical or mechanical invention,
but what was first put to the examination of the Society. Fifty
;s later a similar direction was issued by Queen Anne : ' Her
Majesty has been pleased to give order that whatever new
mechanical invention he brought before the Privy Council in
order to obtain a 1 'at ent, the same shall be referred to the Exami-
nation of the Koyal Society before the Patent be passed.' A still
more signal proof of the Queen's desire to promote the interests
<>f "id to make practical use of the Royal Society for that

purpose xvas shown at the- same time. * Her Majesty had given
order that, her Ministers, Admirals, and Officers going abroad

1 MS. Journal-book, vol. ii, fol. 01.

THE REPOSITORY OF RARITIES

should receive Direetions and Instructions from the Royal Society
for making Inquiries relating to the Improvement of Natural
Philosophy.' l Since those days the gradual increase in the num-
ber and scope of the Government departments has relieved the
Royal Society of most of these duties, hut it still acts as a kind
of advisoiy board to the Government on matters wherein scientific
opinion is required. Some of its various committees are entirely
concerned with researches conducted at the request of one or other
of these official departments. Further information on this subject
will he found on subsequent pages (see Chapters IX and XI).

Another function of the Royal Society during the first century
of its history may be here referred to. The habit, of collecting
what were called 'rarities' was then in full vogue, and various
private collections were to be found in different parts of the
country, wherein, besides valuable and interesting specimens in
natural history and antiquities, all sorts of curiosities, natural and
artificial, were gathered together. There was at that time no
public institution to which zoological, botanical, geological, or
mineralogical specimens could be sent for examination or preser-
vation. The Society, therefore, properly undertook the task of
collecting, arranging, and cataloguing specimens in all depart-
ments of natural science, doubtless in those days including much
that might be curious, but had no real scientific value. Some
care, however, was exercised to prevent the inclusion of useless or
undesirable objects-. Thus in a letter from Oldenburg to Boyle
of January 18, 1067-8, it is mentioned that persons, not Fellows,
who desired to present specimens to the Society were obliged to
show them first to the President ' for fear of lodging unknownly
ballads and buffooneries in these scoffing times '.

The British Museum was not created until 1753. For nearly
a hundred years, therefore, the Royal Society's Repository was the
centre to wrhich specimens of every kind were sent from all parts
of the country and from abroad.2 By the spring of 16G6, that is in
three or four years, it had grown so much that a committee was

1 Journal-book, xi, p. 32(5, January -2'2. 1712-UJ. When the thanks of the Society u en-
given to the Queen for these marks of her consideration, she ' was pleased to express lier
intention of countenancing and encourairinir the studies of the Society'.

2 In his history of the early years of the Royal Society, Sprat remarks : ' All places and
corners are now busy and warm about this work ; and we find many noble rarities to be

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

appointed to put order in the Society's collection of ' natural
rarities V

Hut besides receiving the various objects that were presented
to it, the Society at one time employed an emissary to travel over
the country tor the purpose of collecting other specimens, more
cularly in natural history.- Thus in the Journal-book under
date October -Jl, Hitil), it is recorded that 'Thomas Willisell the
botanick Traveller, entertained by the Society, brought in his
collection of plants gathered in several parts of England and
Scotland, together with some rare Scottish fowl and fish '. It is
added that Dr. Merret ' digested these plants ', and Mr. Hooke
was instructed to * take the whole collection into his custody, for
the Repository, making first an Inventory of them and producing
that before the Society"^

In less than twenty years the Repository had increased so much
that a folio volume of nearly 500 pages was published as a cata-
logue and description of its contents. The title-page of this book
runs as follows : ' Musaeum Regalis Societatis or a Catalogue and
Description of the Natural and Artificial Rarities belonging to
the Royal Society and preserved at Gresham Colledge : made by
Xehemiah Grew M.D. Fellow of the Royal Society and of the
Colledge of Physitians : London, Printed by W. Rawlins for the
Author U)81." The objects are there arranged methodically,
beginning with ' Humane Rarities' and descending through the
various grades «of the animal and vegetable kingdoms to the
different kinds of stones and metals. It presents an interesting
compendium from which the state of knowledge in regard to
natural history at that time may be inferred.

Within the range of the biological inquiries contemplated by

in, nut only l»y the hands of learned and professed philosophers ; but from
' hanic-, from the voyages of merchants, from the ploughs of husbandmen .

&sh-poad», the parks, the gardene of irentlemen.' Hist. Roy. Sor.,

p. 71. In 177'.' \vhen th,. Society was ahoiit to remove to Somerset Mouse the con-

,c Iv'-jio-itory were handed over to the British Museum.
Kv,-l\n. Diary. April I. IC.CC,.

Thomas \Villi-ell, the emi>-:iry thus employed, was furnished with Ji commission
-eal and recommending him ' to all generous and ingenuous spirits'
iieir a—Mann- • in promoting a work s,, .renerally heneticial to all mankind'.
K\elyn'- entry of the same date is as follows: 'Our English Itinerant presented an
,nt of his autumnal peregrination ahoiit. England, for which we hired him,
dried fowls, Hsli, plants, animal

ANATOMIC "AL STUDIES 39

the group of men who originated the Royal Society human
anatomy was included. Special provision was made for the
proseeution of this subject by a clause in the second Charter which
»-nve the President, Council, and Fellows the same right * to
demand and receive the bodies of executed criminals, and to
anatomize them, as the College of Physicians and the Company
of Surgeons of London use or enjoy'. On January 20. H»r,:{ \.
at a meeting of the Council, 'The general and particular Warrants
to demand Bodies for dissection, drawn up by Sr Anthony
Morgan, were read and approved.' The original copy of this
general Warrant, signed by Lord Brouncker, is preserved in the
Archives of the Society. The privilege appears to have been
exercised for a time with considerable vigour, Dr. Charleton
being appointed, by a Resolution of April 20th in the same year,
4 to have the care of Dissecting Bodies for one year.' But
although there are several entries in the Council Minutes relating
to Anatomical Experiments, and in June, 1668, Henry Howard,
afterwards sixth Duke of Norfolk, gave the Society a room in
Arundel House for that purpose, no clear reference to the privi-
lege in question has been found later than the Minute of August
29, 1666, when it was ordered ' That an Amanuensis should make
a Copy of the Warrant for demanding a Body for dissection, to
be performed in Gresham College by some of the Fellows of
the Society at their own charges '. Ultimately the practice fell
wholly into abeyance ; but the biological side of the Society's
operations was never lost sight of, and for many years past has
been in vigorous growth.

From the beginning of its history the Royal Society has devoted
much attention to the publication of the communications made
to it by its Fellows and others. Within three years from the
granting of the first Charter the issue of the Philosophical Trans-
actions was commenced, and it is still continued. Particulars
regarding this part of the Society's undertakings will be found in
the Statutes (pp. 117-58) and in the « Notes on the History of the
Statutes ' (pp. 150-73). It may be enough in this place to remark
that from the appearance of the first number of the Transactions
on Monday, March 6, 1664-5, the preparation, printing, and
publication of this work were for some time ' the single act ot

40 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

the ivspectiw Secretaries' (being, in fact, in the first instance a
speculation on the part of Henry Oldenburg), though a certain
supen ision was exercised by the President and Council. This
system was continued through 4(> volumes consisting of 496
numbers. With the 47th volume, published in 1753 (the pub-
lication in numbers was thenceforward discontinued) , the publica-
tion \\as placed by new Statutes directly in the hands of the
President and Council, a Committee of Papers being established.
In addition to the Philosophical Transactions, the Society,
having powers by its Charter to appoint a printer and engraver,
published or sanctioned the publication of separate works on
natural knowledge. Among the works which received its
imprimatur are the following :

Hooke, Robert, k Micrographia : or some Physiological Descriptions of

Minute Bodies made by Magnifying Glasses.1 Folio. London 1665.
(iraunt, John, ' Natural and political Observations . . . made upon the Bills
of Mortality, with reference to the Government, Religion, Trade, Growth,
Air, Diseases, and the several changes of the City [of London].*1 (3rd
edition, enlarged.) 8vo. London 1665.
Sprat, Thomas, 'The History of the Royal-Society of London, for the

Improving of Natural Knowledge.1 4to. London 1667.
Malpighi, Marcello, 'Dissertatio epistolica de Bombyce ; Societati Regiae

Londini dicata.' 4to. Londini 1669.
Holder, William, 'Elements of Speech; with an Appendix, concerning

Persons Deaf and Dumb.' 8vo. London 1669.

Kvrlyiu .John. * Sylva, or a Discourse of Forest Trees.' Folio. London 1670.
Horrocks, Jeremiah, l Opera [Astronomica] posthuma."1 4to. Londini 1673.
Malpi^lii, Marcvllo, " Anatome Plantarum.1 Folio. Londini 1675.
Willughby, FrancU, 4 Ornithologiae libri tres ; totum opus recognovit,

digosit, supplevit Joannes Rains.' Folio. Londini 1676.
K\elyn. John, k A Philosophical Discourse of Earth, relating to the Culture
and Improvement of it. for Vegetation . . .' 8vo. London 1676.

• I'hiloM.phical Collections1 [by Robert Hooke].1 4to. London 1679-82.

• Lectionrs Cntlerianae, or a Collection of Lectures : Physical, Mechanical,

.raphical, and Astronomical . . / 4to. London 1679.
Al Tracts, by Robert Hooke. 4to. 1679-82.

in, l)eni>. 'A V\\ Dieter, or Engine for softning Bones.' 4to.

Ion

' ' Ordrr.-d ami •!.-!,•«••! That Mr. Huok<> nmy jmlilish (as he hath now declared he is
li.-.-t or two every fortnight of such Phylosophicall matters as he shall
iiirct with from ...n.l'-. not making use of any thing conteind in the Register

llook< witliout tlie leave of the ( ounrel and Author.' Council Minutes, July 3, 1679.

THK HoxouRAiiLK ROHKUT Bovu:
From a painting by F. Kerseboom, in the rooms of the Royal Society

WORKS PUBLISHED BY THK SOCIKTY M

Grew, Nehcmiah, ( Musacum Regalis Societatis: or a Catalogue and
Description of the Natural and Artificial Rarities belonging to the Royal
Society, and pri-siTu-d at Greshain CoUedge*' Folio. London 1681.

Grew, Nehemiah, 'The Anatomy of Plants. With an Idea of a Philo-
sophical History of Plants, and several other Lectures rend before tin-
Royal Society.1 Folio. London 1682.

Willughby, F., 'Historia Piscium.' London 1686.

Ray, John, ' Historia Plantarum, Species hactenus cditas aliasque insnper
multas noviter inventas et descriptas coinplectens . . .' Folio. 2 vols.
Londini 1686-8.

Flamsteed, John, 4 Tide-table for 1687.'

Papin, Denis, ' A Continuation of the New Digester of Bones ; together with
some Improvements and new Uses of the Air-pump.1 4to. London 1687.

Newton, Isaac, ' Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Autore
Is. Newton.1 Imprimatur: S. Pepys, Reg. Soc. Praeses. Julii 5, 1686.
4to. Londini 1687.1

Malpighi, Marcello, ' Opera Posthuma."' Folio. Londini 1697.

4 Commercium Epistolicum D. Johannis Collins, et aliorum de Analysi
promota : jussu Societatis Regiae in lucem editum." 4to. Londini 1712.2

The foundation of the Royal Society was hailed as a notable
event by some of the most eminent literary men of the day.
Dryden in graceful verses extolled the achievements of Bacon, and
the work of his successors in the paths of experimental philosophy.3
Cowley, whose keen interest in the advancement of that philosophy
has been already referred to, composed a laudatory ode on the
Royal Society which appeared in 1667, prefixed to Sprat's History
of the Society. But these early felicitations were soon succeeded
by effusions of a wholly different tone. The general community
was not yet prepared to welcome so novel an experiment as the
association of a company of leisured men for the purpose, not of

1 ( Ordered -That Mr. Newton's book be printed forthwith in a quarto of a fair letter.
.Journal-book, May 19, 1686.

' Ordered that Mr. Newton's book be printed, and that E. Halley shall undertake the
business of looking after it, and printing it at his own charge, which he engaged to do.'
Council Minutes, June 2, 1686. The funds of the Society had been exhausted by the
publication of Willughby' a book on fishes.

* Ordered that the President be desired to licence Mr. Newton's book ontitule
" Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica", and dedicated to the Society.' Council
Minutes, June 30, 1686.

2 Some of the more important separate publications of subsequent years \\ill be found
enumerated at p. 278.

8 Epistle to Dr. Charleton.

PJ RKCOIU) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

political intrigue or of literary or antiquarian co-operation, but of
devoting themselves to the earnest investigation of Nature. The
Society had hardly taken definite shape before it was assailed with
vituperation, and for about a century and a half it continued to
be a mark for the shafts of ridicule launched by some of the
foremost men of letters in each successive generation.

The volume which contained Cowley's complimentary poem
included also evidence that already, within less than four years
from its start, the institution of the Royal Society and the doings
of its members had roused the antagonism of two classes of
opponents. We learn that, on the one hand, ' some over-zealous
I)i\ ines do reprobate Natural Philosophy as a carnal knowledge,
and a too much minding worldly things,' while on the other side,
• the men of the world and business esteem it meerly as an idle
matter of fancy and as that which disables us from taking right
measures in humane affairs.' ' The greatest part of men, if they
can bring inquirers [into Experimental Philosophy] under the
scornful titles of Philosophers, or Schollars or Virtuosi, it is
enough : they presently conclude them to be men of another
world, only fit companions for the shadow and their own melan-
choly whimsies.' l

That the aims and pursuits of the Society should have been
looked upon as tending to the subversion of religion seems strange
when it is remembered that the most notable among the early
Fellows was Robert Boyle, who, besides being the most illustrious
physicist of his day, was distinguished for his piety and benevo-
lence, for his active efforts to circulate translations of the Bible
in the East, and for his institution of the Boyle Lectures, still
annually given, in defence of Christianity. He wrote a remark-
able treatise which, under the title of ' The Christian Virtuoso',
als his own pure and lofty character. In that work he begins
by remarking that some had thought it ' very strange that I,
whom they are pleased to look upon as a diligent cultivater of
experimental philosophy, should be a concerned embracer of the
Christian religion'.-' He adduces many proofs of how much
more the virtuosi see than others can 'of the diverse excellencies
displayed in the fabric and conduct of the universe, and of the

1 Sprat. Ili~t., pp. •_><;, L'7. Moyle's Works, I?!*!-', vol. v, p. 512.

MISCONC Kl'TION AND MISREPRESENTATION I ;

creatures it consists <>t". He will not admit that his interco
with men of science in any degree disposes him to atheism, and
he thinks that there are not so many speculative atheists as men
are wont to imagine. Having had a tolerably wide familiarity
with naturalists, not only of this but of foreign countries, he
declares that he has met with 'so few true atheists that I am
very apt to think that men's want of due information or their
uncharitable /eal has made them mistake or misrepresent many
for deniers of God, that are thought such, chiefly because they
take uncommon methods in studying His works, and have other
sentiments of them than those of vulgar philosophers.' l

Notwithstanding Boyle's earnest and eloquent Apologia, the
charges against science and scientific men which he so well
refuted continued to be brought forward all through the centuries.
They are hardly ever to be heard now, but there are not a few
living Fellows of the Royal Society who remember when they
were still from time to time fulminated from pulpit and platform.

Now and then depreciatory comments on the aims and objects
of the Royal Society were to be heard even within the walls of
the Universities. Thus on July 9, 1669, at the Oxford Encaenia,
as Evelyn records, ' Dr. South, the university Orator, made an
eloquent speech, which was very long, and not without some
malicious and indecent reflections on the Royal Society, as
underminers of the University, which was very foolish and untrue,
as well as unseasonable.' There must have been many who
listened with surprise to this attack, when they remembered the
noble share that the Warden and some of the Fellows of
Wadham College had taken only a few years before in the
fostering of science and the foundation of the Royal Society.

The popular misconception of the aims and practice of the
experimental philosophers found its fullest expression in the
writings of some of the more eminent literary men of the latter
half of the seventeenth and the first half of the eighteenth
century. It requires no great effort of imagination to realize how
easily this misconception arose and why it lasted so long. That
a company of intelligent men should think it worth their while
to devote themselves to inquiries into the most ordinary every-

1 Boyle's Works, 1792, vol. v, p. 51:,.

44 KKCOH1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

day phenomena; that they should meet together to encourage
each other in such a pursuit, and with infinite labour and at no
small cost should organize experiments to prove what nobody
cared about or thought of disputing ; that they should give up
valuable time to the study of such unattractive things as 4 beasts,
fishes, birds, snails, caterpillars, flies '; that they should collect
and arrange all manner of ' curiosities ' which were not worth
house-room and appeared to have no practical use or sensible
interest for anybody — all this seemed to be a novel mania oil
which it was widely felt that no men with serious duties in life
ought to waste their time.

Moreover, it should not be forgotten that the general name of
* Virtuosi . which was then in common use, included not only the
true men of science, sincerely anxious for the discovery of truth in
every department of nature, but also dilettanti lovers of all manner
of * articles of vertu ', as well as mere vulgar collectors who had a
passion for gathering together whatever was ancient, uncommon,
or odd. The term, at first employed in rather a complimentary
sense, before long, on account of the vagaries of these indis-
criminate collectors of 4 rarities1, came to acquire a more or less
contemptuous meaning. And as it \vas not possible for the
ignorant public to discriminate between the true seeker after
science and the mere curio-hunter, the literary critic was naturally
nothing loath to take advantage of his opportunity and to class
the whole confraternity together, put them all into one common
pillory, and pelt them with sarcasm and ridicule.

The Royal Society soon after its start began to have experience
of this kind of treatment. Among the experiments conducted at
its early meetings were those of Hooke with the lately perfected
air-pump, or what was called 4 Mr. Boyle's engine', whereby
some fundamental laws in the physics of the atmosphere were
demonstrated. To the ordinary mind, however, the occupation
of 'weighing the air " seemed incredibly inane. So it appeared
even to Charles II. who, as Pepys records (February I, l<)(>3-4),
' mightily laughed at (iresham College, for spending time only in
weighing of ayre, and doing nothing else since they sat.' When
his Majesty, who took so friendly an interest in the Society's
success, could not resist making fun of what had been only one,

OPPOSITION OK LITKKAUY C IKCLES

but an important one, of the numerous subjects that had engaged
its attention, there were sure to be many ready to have their joke
at the expense of the philosophers. On the stage they were held
up to ridicule by Shadwell in his comedy of ' The Virtuoso' < l«;7<i).
This dramatist, who, according to Dryden, * never deviated into
sense,' must have perused with some diligence the early mini IK- is
of the Philosophical Transactions in order to gather material
for his farcical travesty. Samuel Butler indulged his caustic
humour on the same subject, satirizing the Society in his ludi-
crous ' Elephant in the Moon ', and enumerating —

Their learned speculations.
And all their constant occupations.
To measure wind, and weigh the air,
And turn a circle to a square.1

Among the wits of Queen Anne's reign it continued to be the
practice to disparage the virtuosi in general and the Fellows of
the Royal Society in particular. Addison, for instance, in the
' Spectator' for December 31, 1711, wrote :

' Among those advantages which the public may reap from this paper, it is
not the least that it draws men's minds off from the bitterness of party, and
furnishes them with subjects of discourse that may be treated without warmth
or passion. This is said to have been the first design of those gentlemen who
set on foot the Royal Society ; and had then a very good effect, as it turned
many of the greatest geniuses of that age to the disquisitions of natural
knowledge, who, if they had engaged in politics with the same parts and
application, might have set their country in a flame. The air-pump, the
barometer, the quadrant, and the like inventions were thrown out to those

1 It is unnecessary to notice the attacks of the minor and now forgotten cavillers— the
Stuhhes and Crosses and others who for various reasons assailed the infant Society.
Various foreigners who visited London have left their impressions of the Royal Society.
One of the earliest of these, Samuel Sorbiere, has given a kindly appreciation of the
Society and its Fellows in a little volume, c Relation d'un voyage en Angleterre,' published
in 1'aris in 1(»('»4. He was elected into the Society and his name appears in the list of the
original Fellows. In 1710 London was visited by Z. C. von Uffenbach, who appears to
have seen little to admire and much to find fault with in the habitation of the Society at
< in-sham ( 'ollege, the condition of its Repository, the character of the later volumes of the
Philosophical Transactions, and the standing of its Fellows, most of whom he regarded as
mere apothecaries and such-like persons, who hardly understood Latin (( Merkwiirdige
Reisen,' Frankfurt and Leip/ig, 1753, vol. Hi, p. 546 sq.). Faujas de Saint Fond, who
saw a good deal of the Royal Society in 1784 when Sir Joseph Banks was President, has
left a much more favourable account of it (' Voyage en Angleterre, en tfcosse,' &c. ,
tome I, chap, i and ii, Paris, 1797).

4<; RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

busy spirits, as tubs and barrels are to a whale, that he may let the ship sail
on without disturbance, while he diverts himself with those innocent amuse-
ment^"

As we have seen, * those busy spirits' retired of their own
accord from the political troubles of the time to enjoy a freer and
calmer air in the study of Nature. In another paper, the class of
men who have nothing to do is said to include ' all contemplative
tradesmen, titular physicians. Fellows of the Royal Society,
Templars that are not given to- be contentious, and statesmen
that are out of business V

There was sometimes a tone of singular bitterness in the
invective, as in a paper in the ' Tatler ' (No. 236, October 12, 1710)
attributed to Steele :

' There is no study more becoming a rational creature than that of Natural
Philosophy ; but, as several of our modem virtuosi manage it, their speculations
do not so much tend to open and enlarge the mind, as to contract and fix it
upon trifles. This in England is in a great measure owing to the worthy elec-
tions that are so frequently made in our Royal Society. They seem to be in a
confederacy against men of polite genius, noble thought and diffusive learning ;
and choose into their assemblies such as have no pretence to wisdom, but want
of wit, or to natural knowledge, but ignorance of everything else. I have
made some observations in this matter so long, that when I meet with a young
fellow that is an humble admirer of these sciences, but more dull than the
-}' the company, I conclude him to be a Fellow of the Royal Society.1

Swift, at greater length and with more laboured sarcasm,
caricatured the philosophers in his ' Voyage to Laputa '. Pope,
too. assailed them, but with a lighter touch. Assembling them to
receive ' titles and degrees ' from the Queen of Dulness, he placed
them in her presence among the —

More distinguished sort

Who study Shakespeare at the Inns of Court,
Impale a Glow-worm, or Vertu profess,
Shine in the dignity of F.R.S.2

It does not appear that this long-continued vituperation had
any sensible effect in impeding the advancement of natural
knowledge or hindering the progress of the Royal Society.

1 ' Spectator.' .March 12, 1710-11. * < Dunciad/ Book iv. 507.

GROWING RECOGNITION OF II IK SOCIETY 47

After the middle of the eighteentli century, as the aims of true
science and the objects of the Society came to he better m
stood, the antagonism, at least in its more blatant forms, gradually
died away. On the one hand, men were brought to see that
a Society which was joined by a long succession of archbishops,
bishops, and other dignitaries of the Church, and which numb
among its prominent members such laymen as Kobert Boyle and
Isaac Newton, could hardly be accused of irreligious designs. ( )n
the other hand, in view of the splendour of the discoveries in
science which some of the Fellows had achieved, which t he-
Society had been eager and proud to publish, and which had cast
a fresh halo around the intellectual reputation of this country, the
old charge of frivolousness was seen to be strangely inapplicable'.
There was likewise a growing recognition by Government and
by the country at large that the pursuit of science had many
practical bearings on the conditions of life, and that, apart from
its efforts to promote the advancement of natural knowledge,
the Royal Society could often render other important services to
the community.

Thus step by step the Society has not only outlived the
opposition with which it was once assailed, but has steadily
advanced in public estimation and has become a kind of council
to which the various departments in the Government can and do
appeal for advice and assistance in matters where expert scientific
knowledge is needed. For although the vast development of
physical and biological research during the last century has led to
the creation of many other Societies, each devoted more par-
ticularly to the cultivation of its own special branch of research,
the Royal Society remains at their head as the one great
institution in this country which embraces in its purview the
whole wide realm of Nature, and elects into its ranks the most
accomplished representatives of every department of science.

CHAPTER II

THK CHARTERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
CHARTA PRIMA,1

Praesidi, C'oneilio, et Sodalibus REGALIS SOCIETATIS
Londini, a Rege CAROLO SECUNDO concessa,

A.I). MDCLXIT.

C A 110 1. us SKCIMHS, Dei gratia Angliae Scotiae Franciae et Hiber-
niae Rex, Fidei Defensor, etc., omnibus, ad quos presentes Literae per-
vcnc-rint, salutem.

Din multumque apudnos statuimus, ut imperii fines, sic etiam artes
atque scientias ipsas proniovere. Favemus itaque omnibus disciplinis ;
particulari auteni gratia indulgemus philosophicis studiis, praesertim
iis (juae solidis experimentis conantur aut novam extundere philoso-
phiani, aut expolire veterem. Ut igittir inclarescant apud nostros
hujusmodi studia, (jiiae nusquam terrarum adhuc satis emicuerunt,
utque nos tandem uni versus literarum orbis non sol urn fidei defenso-
rem, scd etiam vcritatis omnimodae et cultorem ubique et patronum,
^emper agnoscat :

Sciatis, quod nos de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et
mem inotu nostris ordinavimus constituimus concessimus et declaravi-
mu>. ac per prcM-ntes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris
ordinamus constituimus concedimus et declaramus, quod decaetero in
per pet i in m crit. Societas, de Praesidente2 Concilio et Sodalibus con-
[fltent, (juac vocabitur et nuncupabitur Regalis Societas; Et eandem
Societatcni, per noincii 1'raesidis Concilii et Sodalium Regalis Societa-
tis, iinuni corpu- corj)oi-atum et politicum in re facto et nomine realiter
ct ad plenum, pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris, facimus
ordinamill crcaimiN et constituimus per presentes, et quod per idem
nomen hal)(>ant siuressionem perpetuam ; Et quod ipsi et eorum
succ |uonini studia applicanda sunt ad rerum naturalium

1 Tin- l-itiu t«-\» of tlic Charters here given has hem printed from the

transcript in \\Cld > ' Hi>tory <>f the Koyal Society', after careful collation with

the eiirolinrnt- at tin- Puhlic Ileconl Office, by Mr. R. E. G. Kirk, Record

.1 rorm-tion- have heen made, but for convenience' sake Weld's

the ahhreviation- n<ed in the original have been retained.

PLATI \ I

SIR CniiisToi'iiKK WHKN

From a painting attributed to Michael Wright, in the possession of the
Royal Society

CHART A PRIMA 49

artiumque utilium scientias experimentoruin fide ulterius promovcn-
das), per idem nomen Praesidis Concilii et Sodalium Regalis Societatis
praedictae, sint et erunt perpetuis futuris temporibus personae habiles Capacity to purchase,
et in lege capaces ad habendum perquirendum percipiendum et po^-i-
denduni terras et tenementa prata pascua pasturas libertates privilegia
franchesias jurisdictiones et hereditamenta quaecunque sibi et successo-
ribus suis in feodo et perpetuitate, vel pro termino vitae vitarum vel
annoruni, sen aliter quocunque modo, ac etiam bona et catalla, ac
omnes alias res, cujuscunque fuerint generis naturae speciei sive
qualitatis; Necnon ad dandum concedendum dimittendum et assig- ami to grant ;
nandum eadem terras tenementa et hereditamenta, bona et catalla, et
omnia facta et res necessarias faciendum et exequendum de et con-
cernentia eisdem,1 per nomen praedictum ; Et quod per nomen to sue and be sued ;
Praesidis Concilii et Sodalium Regalis Societatis praedictae placitare
et implacitari, respondere et responderi, defendere et defendi de
caetero in perpetuum valeant et possint, in quibuscunque Curiis placeis
et locis, et coram quibuscunque Judicibus et Justiciariis et aliis personis
et officiariis nostris heredum et successorum nostrorum, in omnibus et
singulis actionibus placitis sectis querelis causis materiis rebus et
demandis quibuscunque, cujuscunque sint aut erunt generis naturae
vel speciei, eisdem modo et forma, prout aliqui ligei nostri intra hoc
Regnum nostrum Angliae, personae habiles et in lege capaces, aut ut
aliquod corpus corporatum vel politicum intra hoc Regnum nostrum
Angliae, habere perquirere recipere possidere, dare et concedere, pla-
citare et implacitari, respondere et responderi, defendere vel defendi
valeant et possint, valeat et possit ; Et quod iidem Praeses Concilium
et Sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae et successores sui habeant in

perpetuum Commune Sigillum, pro causis et negotiis suis et successo- to have a Common

., j. -, .. vj t v f * Seal, alterable at plea-

rum snorum quibuscunque agendis deserviturum ; et quod bene liceat sure.

et licebit eisdem Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis prae-
dictae, et successoribus suis pro tempore existentibus, Sigillum illud de
tempore in tempus frangere mutare et de novo facere, prout eis melius
fore videbitur expediri.

Et, quod intentio nostra regia meliorem sortiatur effectum, ac pro
bono regimine et gubernatione praedictae Regalis Societatis de
tempore in tempus, volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et
successoribus nostris concedimus eisdem Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus
Societatis Regalis praedictae et successoribus suis, quod de caetero in
perpetuum Concilium praedictum erit et consistet ex viginti et una The Council to oonsiat
personis (quarurn Praesidem semper unum esse volumus) ; Et quod who^hVpJesident to
omnes et singulae aliae personae quae intra unum mensem proximum ** ****** €
sequentem post datum presentium per Praesidem et Concilium, et in

1 Sic.
E

50 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

.to be omiii tenij)orc sequenti per Praesidem Concilium et Sodales, in eandem
SodetaU'in accipientur et adniittentur ut Membra Regalis Societatis

predict ae, et in Registro per ipsos conservando annotatae fuerint,
tbuntur et nunciipabuntur Sodales Regalis Societatis prae-

1 1< >\VS. . . • • 1 i * i

dictae : quos, quanto eimnentius omnis generis doctrmae bonaruinque
literarum studio clarescant, quanto ardentius hujusce Societatis
honorem studia et emolumentum l promoveri cupiant, quanto vitae
integritate niorunique probitate ac pietate emineant, et fidelitate
animique erga nos Coronam et dignitatem nostram sincere affectu
polleant, eo magis idoneoset dignos, qui in Sodalium ejusdem Societa-
tis nuiiieruni adseiscantur, omnino censeri volumus.

Et, pro meliori executione voluntatis et concessionis nostrae in hac

parte, assignavimus nominavimus constituimus et fecimus, ac per

presentes pro nobis heredibtis et successoribus nostris assignamus

nominamus constituinuis et facimus, praedilectum et fidelem nobis

William. \ i>, ,.ui,t Willielmum, Vicecomitem Brouncker, Cancellarium praecharissimae

J consorti nostrae Reginae Catherinae, fore et esse primum et modernum

Praesidem Regalis Societatis praedictae ; volentes quod praedictus

•M till St. Willielmus, Vicecomes Brouncker, in officio Praesidis Regalis Societa-

iy next (if ,. j- , v j , ,• j f , o ,- * i

• :i s.. I..IUT live), tis predictae a datu presentium usque ad lestum sancti Andreae
i .'/.nrii'he Ut i)roximum sequen. post datum presentium continuabit, et quousque

Al>rn; iiiuis alius de Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore

existente ad officium illud debito modo electus praefectus et juratus

fuerit, juxta ordinationem et provisionem in his presentibus inferius

expressam et declaratam (si praedictus Willielmus, Vicecomes

in Brouncker, tarn diu vixerit); sacramento corporali in omnibus et per

han- ,.. . MI i , i- i v , ni T, i iv

omma officium illud tangentia bene et fidehter exequendum, secundum
vi-rani intentionem harum presentium, coram praedilecto et perquam
fideli Consanguineo et Consiliario nostro Edwardo, Comite Clarendon,
Cancellario nostro Angliae, prius praestito : cui quidem Edwardo,
Comiti Clarendon, Cancellario nostro praedicto, sacramentum prae-
dk-tum administrare plenam potestatem et authoritatem damus et
t s o.-tth. coiK-edinius, in liaec verba sequentia, vi/. : /, William, Viscount
/irouHckcr, doe promise to deale faithfullie and honestlie in all things
belonging to the trn.\t committed to mee as President of this Royall
Soi'ici'ic, fhirin»~ imj employment in. that capacitie. Soe helpe mee God!
-igna\iiiius ctiani const ituiinus et fecimus, ac per presentes pro
nobis hcredibitt et successoribus nostris facimus, dilectos nobis et
TI,.. first c., uncii fidelos Hobertum Moray, Militem, unum a Secretioribus nostris
Conciliis in Regno nostro Scotiae, Robertum Boyle, Armigerum,
Willielmum Brereton, Armigerum, filium primogenitum Baronis de
Brert-tou, Kmelm. IJigby, Militem, praecharissimae matri nostrae

1 Or

CHARTA PHI MA 51

Keginae Cancellarium, Paul urn Neile, Militcm, unum (i«-nero-
soruin Camerae privatac nostrae, Hrurirum Sliflgetby, Anniin-nim,
.•ilium Generosorum praedictae privatae Camerac no*tr;u-. Williolmum
Petty, Militem. Johannem Wall is, in Theologia Docton -in, Tiniothcum
Clarke, in Medicinis Doctorem et unum Mcdiconim nostrorum.
Joliamiem Wilkins, in Theologia Doctorem, Georgium Ent, in
Medicinis Doctorem, Willielmuin Aerskinc, iiiiinn a Porulis nostrU,
Jonathan. Goddard, in Medicinis Doctorem et P. ofcssorcm Collc^ii
dc Grrshain, Christophennn Wren, in Medicinis Doctorem, Savillr
Astrononiiae Professorem in Academia nostra Oxoniensi, Willielmuin
Balle, Armigerum, Matthaeum Wren, Armigerum, Johannem Evelyn,
Armigerum, Thomam Henshawe, Armigerum, Dudley Palmer, de
Greys Inn in comitatu nostro Middlesexiae, Armigerum, et Henricum
Oldenburg, Armigerum, una cum Praeside praedicto, fore et
primos et modernos viginti et unum de Concilio Hegalis Societatis
praedictae; continuandos in eisdem officiis a datu presentium usque to continue as above,
ad praedictum festum Sancti Andreae Apostoli proximum sequen., et j1^6^^^
deinde, quousque aliae idoneae personae et habiles et sufficientes in
officia praedicta electae praefectae et juratae fuerint (si tarn din
vixerint, aut pro aliqua justa et rationabili causa non amotae fuerint) ;
sacramentis corporalibus coram Praeside praedictae Regalis Societatis, but first to take,
ad officia sua bene et fideliter in omnibus et per omnia officia ilia tan- tS^u^oaSTal
gentia exequenda, prius praestandis, secundum formam et effectum mutatis mutandis.
praedicti sacramenti, mutatis mutandis, Praesidi Regalis Societatis
praedictae per Cancellarium nostrum Angliae administrandi (cui qtii-
dem Praesidi pro tempore existenti sacranienta praedicta administrare
plenam potestatem et authoritatem pro nobis heredibus et successori-
bus nostris damus et concedimus per presentes) : Et quod eaedem
personae sic, ut praefertur, ad Concilium praedictae Regalis Societatis
electae praefectae et juratae, et in posterum eligendae praeficiendae
et jurandae de tempore in tempos, erunt et existent auxiliantes con-
sulentes et assistentes in omnibus materiis rebus et negotiis meliorem
regulationem gubernationem et directionem praedictae Regalis Societa-
tis, et cujuslibet Membri ejusdem, tangentibus seu concernentibus.

Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et suc-
cessoribus nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus The Pn-si.u -nt.
Regalis Societatis praedictae et successoribus sois, quod Praeses Con-

cilium et Sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existentes dent to be one), to
(quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem unum esse volumos) de st. Andrew's Day, one

. . f . . ., ontoftheCoun

tempore in tempos perpetuis futuns temponbus potestatem et au- be President ; who u

thoritatem habeant et habebunt nominandi et eligendi, et qucv)d
eligere et nominare possint et valeant, quolibet anno in praedicto
festo Sancti Andreae, unum de Concilio praedictae Regaiis Societatis chosen; having first

E2

VJ RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

ho path before pro tempore existente, qui sit et erit Praeses Regalis Societatis prae-
(lic't;u' 11>(1IR> ad ^-^um Sancti Andreae Apostoli exinde proximum
sequen. (si tain din vixerit, aut interim pro aliqua justa et rationabili
I non ainohis fuerit), et exinde quousque unus alius in officium
Praoidis Regalis Societatis praedictae electus praefectus et nominatus
iuerit ; quodque ille, postquam sic, ut praefertur, electus et nominatus
t'uerit in officium Praesidis Regalis Societatis praedictae, antequam ad
ofiicium illud adniittatur, sacramentum corporale coram Concilio
ejusdem Regalis Societatis, aut aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum,
ad oflicium illud recte bene et fideliter in omnibus officium illud
tangentibus ezequendum praestabit, secundum formam et effectum
praedicti sacramenti, mutatis mutandis; (cui quidem Concilio, aut
aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacramentum praedictum ad-
ministrare, pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris, plenam pote-
statem et authoritatem de tempore in tempus, quotiescunque neces-
sarium fuerit, damus et concedimus per presentes ;) et quod post
hujusmodi sacramentum sic, ut praefertur, praestitum, officium Prae-
sidis Regalis Societatis praedictae usque ad festum Sancti Andreae
on tiu> Ik-nth ,,r Apostoli exinde proximum sequen. exequi valeat et possit : Et si con-

• -j. T» -J r> v o • j. 4.' J- 4. • j.

md tigerit Praesidem Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existentem

iliquo tempore, quamdiu fuerit in officio Praesidis ejusdem Regalis

',''' "• Vut. Societatis, obire vel ab officio suo amoveri, quod tune et toties bene

1 1 : who Is ' m t ' \

'n«tii.s lioeat et licebit Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis,
o,','! vel ali(juil)iis septem vel pluribus eorum (quorum Praesidem1 Concilii
praedicti ad talem electionem semper unum esse volumus), alium de
praedicto ninnero Concilii praedicti in Praesidem Regalis Societatis
praedictae cligere et praeficere ; et quod ille sic electus et prae-
t't cins oflicium illud habeat et exerceat durante residuo ejusdem anni,
cf (jiiouscjuc alius ad officium illud debito modo electus et jurahis
fuerit, sacraincnto corporali in forma ultime specificata prius prac-

i-lo ; et sic toties quoties casus sic accident.

.11 !•',( ultcrins volumus, (juod (juandocunque contigerit aliquem vel

ii«juo> de Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore

life inori, vel al> officio illo amoveri, vel decedere, (quos

piidem de Concilio Hejr.ilis Societatis praedictae et eorum quein-

1 1- 1 •!•

hoet pro male se gerendis aut aliqua alia rationabili causa amo biles

olimnis, ;id beneplacitum Praesidis et caeterorum de Concilio

praedicto superviventium et in officio illo renmnentium, vel majoris

;>irti> eoriiiKleni, (11101-11111 Praesidem pro tempore existentem unum
: the r .

quod tune et toties beue liceat et licebit pracfatis

Tin- .l.-c.MM-.l ,,r removed Prcsidrnt could not take part in the election
of his successor. Cf. the second Charter.

CHART A 1MUMA .-,;{

Praesidi Concilio ct Sodalibtis Hc<r;dis Societatis praedictae, vel •icetad dMii hold (t».

major! parti conindcm ((juoniin IVar^idcm Recalls Sue irtatis prae- n^ffS'In?™

dictae pro tempoiv c\i>f entem uniiin I-*M- volmims), iiiiuni alium vel ^L Mld ^ ano*h«r

plures alios dc Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, loco sive locis

ipsius vel ipsoruni sic niortuortini deeedentimn vcl aiiiotonnii, ad

supplendnm praedictum nnmerum viginti et. uiiitis perMMianim de

Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae, nominare elig< -re et prae-

Hcere ; et quod ille sive illi sic in officio illo electi et praefecti idem

officium habeat et habeant usque ad fcstuni Sancti Andreae Apostoli

tune proximum sequen., et exinde, quousque unus alius vel plures alii

electus praefectus et nominatus fuerit, electi praefecti et nominal i

fuerint ; sacramento corporali ad officium illud in omnibus et per

omnia officium illud tangentia coram Praeside et Concilio Regalis

Societatis praedictae, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum pro

tempore existentibus, bene et fideliter exequendum, secundum verain

intentionem presentium, prius praestando.

Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et sue- On every St. Andrew's
cessoribus nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodali- Jrfh^5>(u^ciinare °™}
bus praedictae Regalis Societatis et successoribus suis, quod ipsi et bechan«ed'
successores sui quolibet anno, in praedicto festo Sancti Andreae
Apostoli, plenam potestatem et authoritatem habeant et habebunt
eligendi nominandi praeficiendi et mutandi decem de Sodalibus Re-
galis Societatis praedictae, ad supplendum loca et officia decem pre-
dicti numeri viginti et unius de Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae ;
quoniam regiam voluntatem nostram esse declaramus, et per pre-
sentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris concedimus, quod
decem de Concilio praedicto, et non amplius, per Praesidem Conci-
lium et Sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae annuatim mutati et
amoti fuerint.

Volumus etiam, et pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris
concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae
Regalis Societatis et successoribus suis, quod si contigerit Prae-
sidem ejusdem Regalis Societatis pro tempore existentem aegritu-
dine vel infirmitate detineri, vel in servitio nostro heredum vel
Muvcssorum nostrorum versari, vel aliter esse occupatum, ita (juod
iirrosariis negotiis ejusdem Regalis Societatis officium Praesidis
tangentibus attendere non poterit ; quod tune et toties bene liceat
et licebit eidem Praesidi sic detento versato vel occupato unum de The President may
Concilio praedictae Regalis Societatis pro tempore existente, fore council ^

et esse Deputatum ejusdem Praesidis, nominare et appunctuare; Deputy:
qui quidem Deputatus, in officio Deputati Praesidis praedicti sic

faciendus et constituendus, sit et erit Deputatus eiusdem Praesidis. unle»heapi>-

P,. L Jj . . tome other oat oft I,..

de tempore in tempus, toties quoties praedictus Praeses sic abesse Council to be so.

KKC'OUI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

contigerit, durante toto teinpore, quo praedictus Praeses in officio
Prae-idis eontinnaverit ; nisi interim praedictus Praeses Kegalis

details praedictac pro tempore existens unum alium de praedicto
may, in G>ncilio ejus Deputatum fecerit et constituent; Et quod quilibet
iiijusmodi Deputatns praedicti Praesidis, sic ut praefertur fiendus1

constitiicndus, onmia et singula, quae ad officium Praesidis prae-
dictae Kegali^ Societatis pertinent seu pertinere debent, vel per
praedietum Praesidem virtute liarum Literarum nostrarum Paten-
tium limitata et appunetuata fore1 facienda et exequenda, de tern-
pore in tempus, toties qnoties praectfctus Praeses sic abesse contigerit,
din-ante tali teinpore, quo Deputatus praedicti Praesidis continua-
verit, faeere et exequi valeat et possit, vigore harum Literarum
nostrarum Patentium, adeo plene libere et integre, ac in tarn ani-
plis niodo et forma, prout Praeses praedictus, si praesens esset, ilia
faeere et exequi valeret et posset ; sacramento corporali super sancta
Dei Evangelia in forma et effectu ultime specificatis per hujusmodi
Deputatiim ad omnia et singula, quae ad officium Praesidis perti-
nent, bene et fideliter exequenda, coram praefato Concilio praedictae
Kegalis Societatis, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, priiis
praestando ; et sic toties quoties casus sic acciderit : cui quidem
Concilio vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum pro tempore exis-
tentibus, sacramentum praedietum administrare potestatem et au-
thoritatem, quoties casus sic acciderit, damus et concedimus per
presenter absque aliquo brevi commissione sive ulteriori warranto
in ea parte a nobis heredibus vel successoribus nostris procurando

i obtinendo.

>tn- Kt ulterius volumUfl, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et suc-
"mirer, cessorihtis nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodali-
bus Kegalis Societatis praedictae et successoribus suis, quod ipsi et
sui de caetero in perpetuum habeant et habebunt unum
Thesaurarium, duos Secretaries, unum Clericum, et duos Servientes
ad Clavas, (jiii de teinpore in tempus super Praesidem attendant;
(|uod()tie praedicti Thesaurarius Secretarii Clericus et Servientes ad
Clava- i-ligendi et nominandi, antequam ad officia sua separalia et

. i>csworn rcMnrtiva exeouenda admittantur, sacramenta sua corporalia in for-

,.. .,. . .,. . ,

andc. ma et eflectu ult line specif icatis, coram Praeside et Concilio ejusdem

!i> Socir»atiN ant aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, [ad] officia
sua Mparalia < t ropectiva ill omnibus ilia tangentibus recte bene
et fideliter exequcnda praestabunt ; et quod post hujusmodi sacra-
inenta sic ut praefertur praestita, officia sua respectiva exerceant et
utaiitur ; (|iiil)us quidem Praesidi et (1oncilio, aut aliquibus septem vel

at-Mace :

Sic.

CHAKTA 1'KI.MA 55

pluribus conmi, sacramenta praedicta de tcmporc in tmipus admini-

strare praedictis scparalibus ct roprctivis officiariis et successor! bus

suis plenain potcstatcin et authoritatem damns et concedimus per

presentes : Et assigiiaviinus nominavimus (.•legimus civavimiis const i-

tuinitis ct fccimus, ac per prcsrnti-s pro nobis hcrcdibus ct Micces-

soribus nostris assignamus nominamus eligimus cream us const ituimu>

et facimus, dilectos subditos nostros Willielmam Balle, Armigerum, William Baii<

fore et esse primum et modernum Thesaurarium ; et praedictum JJhn w ilk in* anil

Johannem Wilkins et Henricum Oldenburg fore et esse primes et
modernos Secretaries praedictae Regalis Societatis ; continuandos in
eisdem offieiis usque ad praedictum festum Sancti Andreae Apostoli
proximum sequen. post datum presentium : Quodque de tempore in
tciiipus et ad omnia tempora, in praedicto festo Sancti Andreae Apo- Andonever.\
stoli (si non fuerit dies Dominicus, et si fucrit dies Dominicus, tune die
proxime sequenti), Praeses Concilium et Sodales praedictae Regalis

Societatis pro tempore existentes, aut major pars eorundem (quorum major par

J whom the Pre*i-i

Praesidem pro tempore existentem unum esse volumtis), alios probos et be one), are to elect

discretos viros, de tempore in tempus, in Thesaurarium, Secretaries,

Clericum, et Servientes ad Clavas praedictae Regalis Societatis eligere

nominate et praeficere valeant et possint; (ju^Klque illi, qui in sepa- i

ralia et respectiva officia praedicta sic, ut praefertur, electi praefecti St. Andrews Day.

et jurati fuerint, officia ilia respectiva exercere et gaudere possint et

valeant usque ad praedictum festum Sancti Andreae extunc proxi-

mum sequen., sacramentis suis praedictis sic, ut praefertur, prius

praestandis ; et sic toties quoties casus sic accident. Et si contigerit And if any of them

,,. trt . -,. • i T» T o • die or be amo veil, tli« •

ahquem vel aliquos officianorum praedictorum ejusdem Regalis Socie- like election to be

tatis obire, vel ab officiis suis respectivis amoveri, quod tune et toties ^wiy &£?&*£*,

bene liceat et licebit Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis f«

Societatis, vel rnajori parti eorundem (quorum Praesidem pro tempore shall be duly elected

existentem unum esse volumus), alium vel alios in officium sive officia

illarum personarum sic defunctarum sive amotarum eligere et prae-

ficere ; et quod ille sive illi sic electus et praefectus electi et praefecti

officia praedicta respectiva habeat et exerceat habeant et exerceant

durante residuo ejusdem anni, et quousque alius sive alii ad officia ilia

respectiva debito modo electus et juratus fuerit, electi et jurati

fuerint ; et sic toties quoties casus sic acciderit.

Et insuper volumus, ac de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia
et mero motu nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et
Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae et successoribus suis, quod The President and
Praeses et Concilium praedictae Regalis Societatis pro tempore
existentes, et major pars eorundem (quorum Praesidem pro tempore
existentem unum esse volumus), pariter congregare et assemblare College or other public
possint et valeant in collegio sive alio publico loco sive aula intra London, or within ten

56 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

miles .ikt- Civitatem nostrani London, vel in aliquo alio loco conveniente intra

^;;; decem milliaria ejusdem Civitatis nostrae; et quod ipsi sic congregati

^emblati habebunt et habeant plenam authoritatem potestatem et

t-> flu' ;in;urs i>t the IT • T T T

faciiltatem de tempore in teinpus condendi constituendi ordinandi
faciendi i-t stabiliendi luijusinodi leges statuta jura ordinationes et
const itntiones, qiiac eis, ant eortini major! parti, bona salubria utilia
honesta et necessaria juxta eorum sarias discretiones fore videbuntur,
et onniia quaccunque alia negotiis et rebus Regalis Societatis praedictae
spectantia1 agendi et faciendi : quae omnia et singula leges statuta
jura ordinationes et constitutiones sic ut praefertur facienda volumus,
et per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris firmiter
injun^-endo praecipimus et mandamus, quod de tempore in tempus in-
violal)iliter observata fuerint, secundum tenorem et efFectum eorun-
dem ; ita tamen, quod praedicta leges statuta jura ordinationes et con-
>titutiones sic- ut praefertur facienda, et eorum quaelibet, sintrationa-
bilia, et non sint repugnantia nee contraria legibus consuetudinibus
juribus sive statutis hujus Regni nostri Angliae.

Kt ulterius de ampliori gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et

Council and Fellows .*T.

intone or more mero motu nostris dedimus et concessimus, ac per presentes pro nobis

:.';_ heredibus et successoribus nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis

JSIuo ™m Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis et successoribus suis,

lirtht< plenam potestatem et authoritatem de tempore in tempus eliffendi

•n S«-nl, an<l

:- nominandi et constituendi unum vel plures Typographies sive Im-
print such , y-,i i i_ oii i. • • i • •

inngor pressores, et Cnalcographos seu aculptores ; et ipsi vel ipsis per scnp-

tmn Communi Sigillo praedictae Regalis Societatis sigillatum, et manu

'^c Praesidis pro tempore existentis signatum, facultatem concedendi,

•ind r . .

my seven ut iniprimant talia res matenas et negotia praedictam [Regalem] 2
r to Societatem tangentia vel concernentia, qualia praedictis Typographo
vel Impressori, Chalcographo vel Sculptori, vel Typographis vel Im-
pressoribus, Chalcographis vel Sculptoribus, de tempore in tempus per
Praaridem et Concilium praedictae Regalis Societatis, vel aliquos sep-
tern vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem unum

olumus), commissa fuerint ; sacramentis suis corporalibus, ante-

, .
juam ad omcia >ua ezeroenoa admittantnr, coram Praeside et Concilio

pro tempore existentibus, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, in
forma (t cflectn ultime specilicatis, prius praestandis : quibus quidem
Praesidi et Concilio, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacra-
iiuiita praedicta administrare plenam potestatem et authoritatem
damns et concedimus per procntes.

ilterius, <|ii«»d praedicti Praeses Concilium et Sodales praedictae
anaton: EUgl it is in philosophicis suis studiis meliorem sortiantur

2 From the Patent Roll.

CHARTA PRIM A 57

effectum, de ampliori gratia nostra special! ac ex certa scientia et mero of executed Criminal*,

motu nostris dedimus et coiuv^imus, ac per presentes pro nobis aa

heredibus et siu-roMM-ibus nostris damns ct ronrcdimiiN, praedictis

Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Kegalis Societatiset succes- «•<>»»• of London ha*»

soribu* >UJN (juod ij»i ct MICIVSMMVS Mii de tempore in tempus habeant

et habebunt plenam potestatem et authoritateni de tempore in tempus,

et ad talia tempestiva tempora, secundum com 111 discretionem, re-

quirere capere et rccipere cadavera talium personarum, quae mortt m

manu carnih'cis passae fuerunt, et ea anatomizare, in tarn amplis modo

et forma, et ad oinnes intentiones et proposita, prout Collegium Medi-

corum et Corporatio Chirurgorum Civitatis nostrae London eisdem

cadaveribus usi vel gavisi fuerunt, aut uti vel gaudere valeant et possint.

Et ulterius, pro melioratione experimentorum artium et scientiarum Licence to hold
praedictae Regalis Societatis, de abundantiori gratia nostra speciali ac
ex certa scientia et mero motu nostris dedimus et concessimus, ac per

presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris damns et £»th «u tort* of

hi >n-i(fiiei s dv Li-trcr »

concedimus, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis sealed with the Com-

o • . .• M • •. i • • , • i . mon Seal of the

Societatis et successoribus sins, quod ipsi et successores sui de tempore Society, and signed by

in tempus habeant et habebunt plenam potestatem et authoritatem,

more of them.

literas vel epistolas, sub manu praedicti Praesidis in presentia cU or "^ ***'"•

more f th

....

Concihi, vel ahquorum septem vel plunum eorum, et in nomine
Regalis Societatis, ac Communi Sigillo suo praedicto sigillatas, mutuis
intelligentiis fruentur l et notitiis cum omnibus et omnimodis personis
peregrinis et alienis, utrum privatis vel collegiatis, corporatis vel
politicis, absque aliqua molestatione interruptione vel inquietatione
quacunque : Proviso tamen, quod haec indulgentia nostra sic ut
praefertur concessa ad ulteriorem non extendatur usum quam particu-
lare beneficium et interesse praedictae Regalis Societatis in materiis
seu rebus philosophicis mathematicis aut mechanicis.

Et ulterius dedimus et concessimus, ac per presentes pro nobis Licence to build
heredibus et successoribus nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis
Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae et sue- mUes °f Londo
cessoribus suis plenam potestatem et authoritatem erigendi aedificandi
et extruendi, aut erigi aedificari et extrui faciendi vel causandi, in-
tra Civitatem nostram London, vel decem milliaria ejusdem, unum vel
plura Collegium vel Collegia cujuscunque modi vel qualitatis, pro
habitatione assemblatione et congregatione praedictorum Praesidis
Concilii et Sodalium praedictae Regalis Societatis et successorum
suorum, negotia sua et alias res eandem Regalem Societatem concer-
nentia ad ordinandum et disponendum.

Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et if any Abnae» or
successoribus nostris ordinamus constituimus et appuncttiamus, quod si

1 Sic, forfrnendi.

.58 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

aliqui abusus vel discrepantiae in posterum orientur et accident de

ibiTimtiom- aut aliis rebus vel negotiis praedictae Regalis Societatis,

nixie cjusdcMii constitution? stabilimini et studiorum progressui vel

K bus rt nc<£otiis aliqua inferatur iniuria vel impedimentum ; quod

llor.orK.. * , ,., *

tune i-t totii's per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successonbus
" nostris | onliuainus] l autborizamus nominamus assignamus et con-
it uinius praefktum praedilectum et perquam fidelem Consanguineum
or et Consiliariuin nostrum Edwardum, Comitem Clarendon, Cancellarium

• • 1* 1 •,

nostrum Hegni nostn Anghae, per seipsum durante vita sua, et post
i- jus mortem, tune Archiepiscopum Cantuariensem, Cancellarium vel
Custodem Magni Sigilli Angliae, Thesaurarium Angliae, Episcopum
LomliiKjnsLMii, Custodem Privati Sigilli, et duos Principales Secretaries,
pro tempore existentes, aut aliquos quatuor vel plures eorum, easdem
disc-R'pantias et abusus reconciliare componere et reducere.

a clauses. Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et

Miccessoribus nostris firmiter injungendo praecipimus et mandamus
omnibus et singulis Justiciariis Majoribus Aldermannis Vicecomitibus
Ballivis Constabulariis et aliis officiariis ministris et subditis nostris
beredum et successorum nostrorum quibuscunque, quod de tempore in
tempus sint auxiliantes et assistentes praedictis Praesidi Concilio et
Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae et successoribus suis in omnibus
et per omnia, secundiim veram intentionem harum Literarum nostra-
rum Patentium.

Ko (juod cxpressji mentio de vero valore annuo vel de certitudine
praemissorum sive eorum alicujus, aut de aliis donis sive concessionibus
per nos seu per aliquem progenitorum sive praedecessorum nostrorum
praofatis Pracsidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis ante haec
l.mpora factis, in presentibus minime facta existit ; aut aliquo
statuto actu ordinatione provisione proclamatione sive restrictione in
contrarium inde antehac habito facto edito ordinato sive proviso,
aut aliqua alia re causa vel materia quacunque, in aliquo non obstante.
In fujus rei testimonium has Literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes.
i M i ipso, apud Westmonasterium, quinto decimo die Julii, anno
ii nostri decimo quarto.

Per ipsum Regem.

HOWARD.2

1 From tin- I'.-itmt Holl.

Tlii- ilormiM-Mt, \\itli tlmso of a similar nature, subsequently granted to the
Society. ;in- |iic-ci-\cd in a strong box in the apartments of tlic Royal Society.
Tin- tir-t Charter is on four skins of vrllum ; it was drawn by Sir Robert Sawyer,
HMMI Attorney -General, and is remarkable for its clearness and le^al terseness.

Tlir first skin <'ont;iins some remarkably handsome ornamented capitals and
flowery \\itb a tim-ly executed Portrait of Charles II in Indian ink within the
initial letter C. The (ireat Seal of the Kingdom in irreen wax is appended to
the Charter.

Translation of First Charter, granted to the President,
Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London.
by King Charles the Second, A.M.

Charles the Second, by the grace of God King of Kn<;land,
Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., to all to
whom these present Letters shall come, greeting.

\Yc have long and fully resolved with Ourself to extend not only
the boundaries of the Empire, but also the very arts and sciences.
Therefore we look with favour upon all forms of learning, but with
particular grace we encourage philosophical studies, especially tli<>M
which by actual experiments attempt either to shape out a new
philosophy or to perfect the old. In order, therefore, that such
studies, which have not hitherto been sufficiently brilliant in any part
of the world, may shine conspicuously amongst our people, and that
at length the whole world of letters may always recognize UN not only
as the Defender of the Faith, but also as the universal lover and
patron of every kind of truth :

Know ye that we, of our special grace and of our certain knowledge
and mere motion, have ordained, established, granted, and declared,
and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do ordain,
establish, grant, and declare, that from henceforth for ever there shall incorporation, and
be a Society, consisting of a President, Council, and Fellows, which '
shall be called and named The Royal Society; And for us, our heir->.
and successors we do make, ordain, create, and constitute by these
presents the same Society, by the name of The President, Council,
and Fellows of the Royal Society, one body corporate and politic in
fact, deed, and name, really and fully, and that by the same name
they may have perpetual succession ; and that they and their
successors (whose studies are to be applied to further promoting by
the authority of experiments the sciences of natural things and of
useful arts), by the same name of The President, Council, and Capacity to purchase,
Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, may and shall be in all future
times persons able and capable in law to have, acquire, receive, and
possess lands and tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, liberties
privileges, franchises, jurisdictions, and hereditaments whatsoever, to
themselves and their successors in fee and perpetuity, or for term of
life, lives, or years, or otherwise in whatsoever manner, and al>o ^otxU
and chattels, and all other things, of whatsoever kind, nature, sort, or
quality they may be; and also to give, grant, demise, and a^ign the and to grant;
same lands, tenements, and hereditaments, goods and chattels, and to
do and execute all acts and things necessary of and concerning the

<;o RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

to sue ami be stto«i : >ame, by the name aforesaid ; And that by the name of The President,
umeil, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid they may hence-
forth for ever be able and have power to plead and be impleaded, to
answer and be answered, to defend and be defended, in whatsoever
mrts and places, and before whatsoever Judges and Justices and
other persons and ollicers of us, our heirs, and successors, in all and
singular actions, pleas, suits, plaints, causes, matters, things, and
demands whatsoever, of whatsoever kind, nature, or sort they may or
shall lie, in the same manner and form as any of our lieges within
this our Realm of England, being persons able and capable in law, or
Bfl anv bodv corporate or politic within this our Realm of England,
mav be able and have power to have, acquire, receive, possess, give,
and grant, to plead and be impleaded, to answer and be answered,
to defend or be defended ; And that the same President, Council, and
Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and their successors, may
have a Common have for ever a Common Seal, to serve for transacting the causes and

pSlroT* affairs whatsoever of them and their successors; and that it may and

shall be good and lawful to the same President, Council, and Fellows
of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors for the time
being, to break, change, and make anew that Seal from time to time,
according as it shall seem most expedient to them.

And that our royal intention may obtain the better effect, and for
the good rule and government of the aforesaid Royal Society from
time to time, we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
Miccessors do grant to the same President, Council, and Fellows of
the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that henceforth

The Council to consist for ever the Council aforesaid shall be and consist of twenty-one

whom the President to Persons (of whom we will the President to be always one) ; And that
all and singular other persons who within one month next following

The Fellows to be after the date of these presents shall be received and admitted by the

Iirst m A ^

President and Council, and in all time following by the President,
( 'otmcil, and Fellows, into the same Society, as Members of the Royal
_ Society aforesaid, and shall have been noted in the Register by them
to be kept, shall be and shall be called and named Fellows of the
Royal Society aforesaid : whom, the more eminently they are distin-
guished for the study of every kind of learning and good letters, the
more ardently they desire to promote the honour, studies, and
of this Society, the more they are noted for integrity of
life, uprightness of character, and piety, and excel in fidelity and
atlection of mind towards us, our Crown, and dignity, the more we
wish tin in to be especially deemed fitting and worthy of being
admit t.-d into tin- number of the Fellows of the same Society.

And tor the better execution of our will and grant in this behalf,

TRANSLATION OF FIRST ( IIAKTKK 61

we have assigned, nominated, constituted, and made, and by these
presents for us, our heirs, and successors do as-o^n, nominate, con-
stitute, and make, our very well-beloved and tru-t\ William. ViM-omit
Brouncker, Chancellor to our very dear con-sort, <<)ueen Catherine, to
be and become the first and present Pn-Mdent <>t the Royal Society
aforesaid; willing that the aforesaid William, Yix-ount Brouncker, William, Vi*xmnt
shall continue in the office of President of the Ro\al So, -i< -ty afore-
said from the date of these presents until the feast of St. Andrew
next following after the date of these presents, and until one other of to hold till St.
the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time IK in- ^h ,11
have been elected, appointed, and sworn to that office in due manner,
according to the ordinance and provision below in these presents ««> iworn ;
expressed and declared (if the aforesaid William, Y'iscount Brouncker,
shall live so long) ; having first taken a corporal oath well and faith-
fully to execute his office in and by all things touching that office, but first *> be sworn
according to the true intention of these presents, before our very well- ch^dior^
beloved and very trusty Cousin and Councillor Edward, Earl of
Clarendon, our Chancellor of England : to which same Edward, Karl
of Clarendon, our Chancellor aforesaid, we give and grant full power
and authority, to administer the oath aforesaid in these words follow-
ing, that is to say :

I, William, Viscount Brouncker, do promise to deal faithfully and The President's Oath,
honestly in all things belonging to the trust committed to me as
President of this Royal Society, during my employment in that
capacity. So help me God !

We have also assigned, constituted, and made, and by these presents
for us, our heirs, and successors do make, our beloved and trusty
Robert Moray, Knight, one of our Privy Council in our Realm of The first Council
Scotland ; Robert Boyle, Esquire ; William Brereton, Esquire, eldest n<
son of the Baron de Brereton ; Kenelm Digby, Knight, Chancellor to
our very dear mother, Queen Maria; Paul Neile, Knight, one of the
Gentlemen of our Privy Chamber; Henry Slingesby, Esquire, another
of the Gentlemen of our aforesaid Privy Chamber ; William Petty,
Knight ; John Wallis, Doctor in Divinity ; Timothy Clarke, Doctor
in Medicine and one of our Physicians ; John Wilkins, Doctor in
Divinity ; George Ent, Doctor in Medicine ; William Aerskine, one
of our Cup-bearers; Jonathan Goddard, Doctor in Medicine and
Professor of Gresham College ; Christopher Wren, Doctor in Medicine.
Saville Professor of Astronomy in our University of Oxford:
William Balle, Esquire; Matthew Wren, Esquire; John Evelyn.
Esquire ; Thomas Henshawe, Esquire ; Dudley Palmer, of Grey"-
Inn, in our County of Middlesex, Esquire; and Henry Oldenburg,
Esquire, together with the President aforesaid, to be and become the

<;-j RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

first and present twenty-one of the Council of the Royal Society
toeont ,;ljd ; to be continued in the same offices from the date of these

its until the aforesaid least of Saint Andrew the Apostle next
following, and thenceforth until other fitting and able and sufficient
HI Nlmll have been elected, appointed, and sworn into the offices
aforesaid (if they shall live so long, or shall not have been amoved for
bat first to take, before »"v just and reasonable cause) ; first taking corporal oaths before the
i1 : Widen t of the aforesaid Royal Society, well and faithfully to
execute their offices in and by all things touching those offices,
according to the form and effect of the aforesaid oath, mutatis
mutandis, to be administered to the President of the Royal Society
aforesaid by our Chancellor of England; (to which same President
for the time being, for us, our heirs, and successors, we give and
• rrant by these presents full power and authority to administer the
oaths aforesaid;) And that the same persons, so as it is aforesaid
elected, appointed, and sworn, and hereafter to be elected, appointed,
and sworn from time to time, to the Council of the aforesaid Royal
Society, shall be and become aiding, counselling, and assistant in all
matters, business, and affairs touching or concerning the better
regulation, government, and direction of the aforesaid Royal Society,
and of every Member of the same.

And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and

:.- successors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows

of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that the

President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid for the

•nnnally. 0 < • • • i_

"ut time being (of whom we will the President for the time being to be
• no) may and shall have from time to time in all future times for ever
<>uer and authority to nominate and elect, and that they may be able
.nd have power to elect and nominate, every year, on the aforesaid
east of St. Andrew, one of the Council of the aforesaid Royal Society

i, tor the time being, who may and shall be President of the Royal
Society aforesaid until the feast of St. Andrew the Apostle there-
next, following (if he shall live so long, or shall not be amoved
meanwhile for any just and reasonable cause), and thenceforth until
another shall have been elected, appointed, and nominated to the
office of President, of the Royal Society aforesaid ; and that he, after
that he shall so have been elected and nominated, as it is aforesaid,
to the office of President of the Royal Society aforesaid, before he
be admitted to that office, shall take a corporal oath before the
Council of tin- same Royal Society, or any seven or more of them,
rightly, uell. and faithfully to execute that office in all things touching
that office, according to the form and effect of the aforesaid oath,
mutatis mutnndix (to which same Council, or to any seven or more of

TRANSLATION OF FIRST C 11AKIKR 63

them, we give and grant by these presents for us, our heirs, and

successors, full power and authority to administer I In .ifnn^aid oatli

from time to time. a> often as it shall be necessary); and that after

having so taken such oath, its it is aforesaid, he may be ;d>l»- and have

power to execute the office of President of the Royal Soeiety aforesaid

until the feast of St. Andrew the Apostle thereafter next following ;

And if it shall happen that the President of the Royal Society afore- On the Death «.r

said for the time being, at any time, so long as he shall be in the dent, the Council and

office of President of the same Royal Society, shall die or l>e amoved

from his office, that then and so often it may and shall be good and

lawful to the Council and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, or J

to any seven or more of them (of whom we will the President of the (being first sworn),

Council aforesaid to be always one at such an election),1 to elect and chosen^tTswora.1*

appoint another of the aforesaid number of the Council aforesaid as

President of the Royal Society aforesaid ; and that he so elected and

appointed may have and exercise that office during the residue of the

same year, and until another shall have been in due manner elected

and sworn to that office, first taking a corporal oath in the form last

specified ; and so as often as the case shall so happen.

And further we will, that whenever it shall happen that any one or if any of the Council
any of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being retire (and power of
shall die, or be amoved from that office, or retire (which same ^en°to th«Fn^deat
[members] of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid, and every anrt^Juthem° whereof
one of them, we will to be amovable for misbehaviour or any other the Presi
reasonable cause, at the good pleasure of the President and of the rest conn. 11. an.i K.HOWS,
of the Council aforesaid surviving and remaining in that office, or of them^the^Pre^i.'i! m
the major part of the same, of whom we will the President for the Jj^.™,
time being to be one), that then and so often it may and shall be good the Fellows : Hn<i th«
and lawful to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the (being first sworn) till
Royal Society aforesaid, or to the major part of the same (of whom JJli uJtter*

we will the President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being Election.
to be one), to nominate, elect, and appoint one other or several others of
the Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, in the place or places of him
or them so dead, retired, or amoved, to fill up the aforesaid number of
twenty-one persons of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid ; and
that he or they so elected and appointed in that office may have the same
office until the feast of St. Andrew the Apostle then next following, and
thenceforth until one other or several others shall have been elected,
appointed, and nominated; first taking a corporal oath before the
President and Council of the Royal Society aforesaid, or any seven or
more of them for the time being, well and faithfully to execute that

1 So in the original ; see p. 52.

64 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

office in and by all things touching that office, according to the true
intention of these presents.

On every St. Andrews And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
£0™*? tKctoncii 81 • io grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of

are to be changed. tju. af()lvsajd Royal Society, and to their successors, that they and
their successors, every year, on the aforesaid feast of St. Andrew the
Apostle, niav and shall have full power and authority to elect,
nominate, appoint, and change ten of the Fellows of the Royal Society
aforesaid, to fill up the places and offices of ten of the aforesaid number
of twenty-one of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid ; for we
do declare it to be our royal pleasure, and by these presents for us,
our heirs, and successors we do grant, that ten of the aforesaid Council,
and no more, shall be annually changed and amoved by the President,
Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid.

We will also, and for us, our heirs, and successors do grant to the
aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society,
and to their successors, that if it shall happen that the President of
the same Royal Society for the time being is detained by sickness or
infirmity, or is employed in the service of us, our heirs, or successors,
or is otherwise occupied, so that he shall not be able to attend to the
The President may necessary affairs of the same Royal Society touching the office of
•i toto h£f the President, that then and so often it may and shall be good and lawful to
the same President so detained, employed, or occupied, to nominate
during "hi^bsence5; an(^ appoint one of the Council of the aforesaid Royal Society for the
•ome'oti'i1. r out' of the t'me ^ing t° be and become the Deputy of the same President ; which
Council to be so. same Deputy, so to be made and appointed in the office of Deputy of
the President aforesaid, may and shall be the Deputy of the same
President from time to time, as often as the aforesaid President shall
happen to be so absent, during the whole time in which the aforesaid
President shall continue in the office of President ; unless in the mean-
while the aforesaid President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time
being shall have made and appointed one other of the aforesaid Council
i, his I )( piity ; And that every such Deputy of the aforesaid President so to
hftt be made and appointed, as it is aforesaid, may be able and have power
'" * to do and execute a11 and singular things which pertain or ought to
pertain to the office of President of the aforesaid Royal Society, or
which are limited and appointed to be done and executed by the afore-
said President, by virtue of these our Letters Patent, from time to time,
as often as the aforesaid President shall so happen to be absent, during
such time as he shall continue the Deputy of the aforesaid President,
by force of these our Letters Patent, as fully, freely, and wholly, and
in as ample manner and form, as the aforesaid President, if he were
present, \\ould be able and have power and do and execute those things ;

JOHN EVELYN

From a portrait painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller, in the possession of the

Royal Society

TRANSLATION OF FIRST CHARTER 65

a corporal oath first to be taken by such Deputy upon the holy But be must flwt be

Gospels of God, in the form and effect last specified, well and faith-

fully to execute all and singular things which pertain to the office of more of them-

1 'resident, before the aforesaid Council of the aforesaid Royal Society,

or any seven or more of them ; and so as often as the case shall so

happen : to which same Council, or to any seven or more of them, for

the time being, we do give and grant by these presents power and

authority to administer the oath aforesaid as often as the case shall

so happen, without procuring or obtaining any writ, commission, or

further warrant in that behalf from us, our heirs, or successors.

And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
successors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows The President,
of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that they and
their successors henceforth for ever may and shall have one Treasurer, ^
two Secretaries, one Clerk, and two Serjeants-at-Mace, who may from serjeante-at-Maoe :
time to time attend upon the President ; and that the aforesaid
Treasurer, Secretaries, Clerk, and Serjeants-at-Mace, to be elected
and nominated, before they be admitted to execute their several and
respective offices, shall take their corporal oaths in the form and effect who are all to be
last specified, before the President and Council of the same Royal
Society, or any seven or more of them, rightly, well, and faithfully to
execute their several and respective offices in all things touching the
same ; and that after having so taken such oaths, as it is aforesaid, they
may exercise and use their respective offices ; to which same President
and Council, or to any seven or more of them, we do give and grant
by these presents full power and authority to administer the oaths
aforesaid from time to time to the aforesaid several and respective
officers and their successors : And we have assigned, nominated, chosen,
created, appointed, and made, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
successors do assign, nominate, choose, create, appoint, and make, our
beloved subjects William Balle, Esquire, to be and become the first and William Baiie ap-
present Treasurer, and the aforesaid John Wilkins and Henry Oldenburg
to be and become the first and present Secretaries, of the aforesaid Royal
Society; to be continued in the same offices until the aforesaid feast of And on every gt
St. Andrew the Apostle next following after the date of these presents : ^J^8^^6^1
And that from time to time and at all times on the aforesaid feast of the President, Coun-
Saint Andrew the Apostle (unless it shall be Sunday, and if it be Sunday,

then on the day next following) the President, Council, and Fellows of

the aforesaid Royal Society for the time being, or the major part

the same (of whom we will the President for the time being to be one), surer, Secretaries,

111-1, . . j • i. j.i_ Clerk, and Serjeants-

may be able and have power to elect, nominate, and appoint other at-Mace : who, after
upright and discreet men, from time to time, as Treasurer, Secretaries, ^SSTuTthe'nett
Clerk, and Serjeants-at-Mace of the aforesaid Royal Society ; and that St. Andrew's Day.

F

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

those who shall so have been elected, appointed, and sworn to the

:.d and respective offices, as it is aforesaid, may be able

and ha\e power to exercise and enjoy those respective offices until

the aforesaid frast of St. Andrew then next following, their aforesaid

oaths, as it is aforesaid, first to be taken ; and so as often as the case

-hall so happen : And if it shall happen that any one or any of the

l*tion<tTbethe °™'<VI (l °t tML' saine K°.val Society shall die, or be amoved

from their respective offices, that then and so often it may and shall

he good and lawful to the President, Council, and Fellows of the

jaid Royal Society, or to the major part of the same (of whom

•nd sw we will the President for the time being to be one), to elect and appoint

another or others to the office or offices of those persons so deceased or
amoved ; and that he or they so elected and appointed may have and
the respective offices aforesaid during the residue of the same
vear, and until another or others shall have been in due manner
elected and sworn to those respective offices; and so as often as the

shall so happen.

And moreover we will, and of our special grace and of our certain

knowledge and mere motion do grant to the aforesaid President,

Council, and Fellows of the Roval Society aforesaid, and to their

<>i-s, that the President and Council of the aforesaid Royal

-•x-ictv for the time being, and the major part of the same (of whom

,e will the President for the time being to be one), may be able and

iave power to meet together and assemble in a College or other public

or Hall within our City of London, or in any other convenient

's,and place within ten miles of our same City; and that they so met together

nd assembled shall and may have full authority, power, and faculty

from time to time to draw up, constitute, ordain, make, and establish

such laws, statutes, acts, ordinances, and constitutions as shall seem to

them, or to the major part of them, to be good, wholesome, useful,

honourable, and necessary, according to their sound discretions, and to

do and perform all other things whatsoever belonging to the afiairs

and matters of the Royal Society aforesaid; all and singular which

. acts, ordinances, and constitutions so to be made as

it is aforesaid, we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and

. firmly enjoining, do order and command, that they shall

violably observed from time to time, according to the tenor and

of the same: so nevertheless that the aforesaid laws, statutes,

ordinances, and constitutions so to be made as it is aforesaid, and

»i" <>f them, he reasonable, and not repugnant or contrary

to the la\\s. eiistoms, acts, or statutes of this our Realm of England.

And further, of our more ample special grace and of our certain
to appoint one or more knowledge and mere motion, we have given and granted, and by these

TRANSLATION OF FIRST CHARTER 67

presents for us, our heirs, and successors do give and grant to the Printer..,
aforesaid Council and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and to
their successors, full power and authority from time to time to elect,

nominate, and appoint one or more Typographers or Printers, and Common &*i, and

, , -G, j , , . signed by the Preri-

Chalcographers or Engravers, and to grant to him or them, by a dent, to , .

writing, sealed with the Common Seal of the aforesaid Royal Society,

and signed by the hand of the President for the time being, faculty to

print such things, matters, and affairs touching or concerning the by the President »mi

aforesaid [Royal] Society, as shall have been committed to the

aforesaid Typographer or Printer, Chalcographer or Engraver, or

Typographers or Printers, Chalcographers or Engravers, from time to

time, by the President and Council of the aforesaid Royal Society, or

any seven or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time

being to be one) ; their corporal oaths first to be taken, before they be They must be first

admitted to exercise their offices, before the President and Council for 3SiSofc£

the time being, or any seven or more of them, in the form and effect %££*** or more of

last specified ; to which same President and Council, or to any seven

or more of them, we do give and grant by these presents full power

and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid.

And further, in order that the aforesaid President, Council, and The same right to
Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society may obtain the better effect in anatomize the bodies

their philosophical studies, of our more ample special grace and of our

certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given and granted, and

by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors, do give and grant, Corporation oisur-

to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid JTuse.0

Royal Society, and to their successors, that they and their successors

from time to time may and shall have full power and authority from

time to time, and at such1 seasonable times, according to their

discretion, to require, take, and receive the bodies of such persons as

have suffered death by the hand of the executioner, and to anatomize

them, in such ample form and manner, and to all intents and purposes,

as the College of Physicians and the Corporation of Surgeons of our

City of London have used or enjoyed, or may be able and have power

to use or enjoy, the same bodies.

And further, for the improvement of the experiments, arts, and
sciences of the aforesaid Royal Society, of our more abundant special
grace and of our certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given Licence to hold a
and granted, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do dence, on Phiiosophi-
give and grant, to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the
aforesaid Royal Society, and to their successors, that they and their

successors from time to time may and shall have full power and sealed with the Com-
authority, by letters or epistles under the hand of the aforesaid society,

1 So in the original.
F2

KKCOHI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Londb^orwlthir

abuses or
differences arise, they

»r more

lent, in the presence of the Council, or of any seven or more of

i in the name of the Royal Society, and sealed with their

.on Seal to enjoy mutual intelligence and knowledge

with all and all manner of strangers and foreigners, whether private or

collegiate, corporate or politic, without any molestation, interruption,

or di>turbuncc whatsoever: Provided nevertheless, that this our

induL granted a> it is aforesaid, be not extended to further use

than the particular benefit and interest of the aforesaid Royal

Society in matters or things philosophical, mathematical, or

hanicaL

And further we have given an4 granted, and by these presents for
u-. our heirs, and successors do give and grant to the aforesaid
lent, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to
their Micccs.sors, full power and authority to erect, build, and construct,
or to make or cause to be erected, built, and constructed, within our
of London, or ten miles of the same, one or more College or
Colleges, of whatsoever kind or quality, for the habitation, assembly,
and meeting of the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the
aforesaid Royal Society, and of their successors, for the ordering and
arranging of their affairs and other matters concerning the same Royal
Society.

And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
successors do ordain, constitute, and appoint, that if any abuses or
difference* hereafter shall arise and happen concerning the government
or other matters or affairs of the aforesaid Royal Society, whereby any
injury or hindrance may be done to the constitution, stability, and
>f the studies, or to the matters and affairs, of the same ; that
then and so often, by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors,
\\e do authorize, [ordain,] nominate, assign, and appoint our aforesaid
very well-beloved and very trusty Cousin and Councillor Edward, Earl
of Clarendon, our Chancellor of our Realm of England, by himself
during his life, and, after his death, then the Archbishop of Canterbury,
the Chancellor or Keeper of the Great Seal of England, the Treasurer
of Kngland, the Hishop of London, the Keeper of the Privy Seal, and
the two Principal Secretaries for the time being, or any four or more
of them, to reconcile, compose, and adjust the same differences and

And further we will, and by these presents, for us, our heirs, and

>ors, firmly enjoining, do order and command all and singular the

\ldermen, Sheriffs, Bailiffs, Constables, and other

and subjects whomsoever of us, our heirs, and

that they be from time to time aiding and assistant to the

lent,! 'omicil, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid,

CHARTA SECUNDA

and to their successors, in and by all things, according to the tnie
intention of these our letters Patent.

Although express mention of the true yearly value or of the
certainty of the premises, or of any of them, or of other gifts or grants
before these times made by us or by any of our progenitors or
predecessors to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the
Royal Society, is not made in these presents ; or any statute, act,
ordinance, provision, proclamation, or restriction to the contrary
thereof heretofore had, made, enacted, ordained, or provided, or any
other thing, cause, or matter whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding.

In witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made
Patent. Witness Ourself, at Westminster, the fifteenth day of July,
in the fourteenth year of our reign.

By the King himself.

HOWARD.

CHARTA SECUNDA,

lisdem ab eodem concessa, A.D. MDCLXIII.

CAROLUS SECUNDUS, Dei gratia Angliae Scotiae Franciae et Hiber-
niae Rex, Fidei Defensor, etc., omnibus ad quos hae Literae nostrae
P: it entes pervenerint, salutem.

Diu multumque apud nos statuimus, ut imperii fines, sic etiam
artes atque scientias ipsas promovere. Favemus itaque omnibus disci-
plinis ; particulari autem gratia indulgemus philosophicis studiis, prae-
sertim iis, quae solidis experimentis conantur aut novam extundere
philosophiam, aut expolire veterem. Ut igitur inclarescant apud no-
stros hujusmodi studia, quae nusquam terrarum adhuc satis emicue-
runt, utque nos tandem universus literarum orbis non solum fidei
defensorem, sed etiam veritatis omnimodae et cultorem ubique et
patronum, semper agnoscat:

Sciatis, quod nos de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et
niero motu nostris ordinavimus constituimus et concessimus, ac per
presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris ordinamus con- incorporation an«i
stituimus et concedimus, quod de caetero in perpetuum erit Societas,
de Praeside Concilio et Sodalibus consistent, qui vocabuntur et nun-
cupabuntur Praeses Concilium et Sodales Regalis Societatis Londini
pro Scientia natural] promovenda (cuius quidem Societatis nos ipsos The Kinp himself

V, , J f, Fomidrr and Patron.

lundatorem et Patronum per presentes declaramus) ; Lt eandem
Societatem, per nomen Praesidis Concilii et Sodalium Regalis Socie-
tatis Londini pro Scientia naturali promovenda, ununi corpus cor-

70 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

<rant

*vea Common
-Itemblett

mi et politicum in re facto ct nomine realiter et ad plenum pro
heivdibus et .suceessoribus nostris facimus ordinamus creamus et
constituimu> jx-r presenter et quod per idem nomen habeant suc-
tiii perpetuam; Et quod ipsi et eorum suecessores (quorum
*tudia ad rerinn naturalium artiunujue utilium scientias experimento-
ruin tide- ulterius promoveiidas. in Dei Creatoris gloriam et generis
human! connnodmn, applicanda sunt), per idem nomen Praesidis Con-
cilii et Sodalium Regalis Soeietatis Londini pro Scientia natural!
promovenda, sint et erunt perpetuis futuris temporibus personac
habilcs et in lege capaees ad habendum perquirendum percipiendum
-sideiidmn terras [etj1 tenementa prata pascua pasturas liber-
Drivilegia f'ranchesias jurisdictiones et hereditamenta quaecun-
:!>i et suceessoribus suis in feodo et perpetuitate, vel pro termino
vitae vitamin vel annorum, sen aliter quocunque modo, ac etiam bona
et cat alia, ac oiniies alias res, cujuscunque fuerint generis naturae
speciei sive qualitatis (Statute de alienatione in manuni mortuam
non obstante) ; Necnon ad dandum concedendum [dimittendum] l
lignandum eadem terras tenementa et hereditamenta, bona et
catallu, et oinnia facta et res necessarias faciendum et exequendum
de et concernentia eadem, per nomen praedictum; Et quod per
nomen Praesidis Concilii et Sodalium Regalis Soeietatis Londini
pro Scientia natural! promovenda praedictum placitare et im-
placitari, respondere et, responderi, defendere et defendi de caetero
rpetuum valeant et possint, in quibuscunque Curiis placeis et
oram qiiibuscunquc Judieibus et Justiciariis et aliis personis
et olliciariis nostris heredum et sueeessorum nostrorum, in omnibus
:iLT,uIis aetionibus, turn realibus, turn personalibus, placitis sectis
cjtierelis causis materiis rebus et demandis quibuscunque, cujuscunque
>int aut erunt generis naturae vel speciei, eisdem modo et forma,
prout aliqui ligei nostri intra hoc llegnum nostrum Angliae, per-
habiles et in lege capaees, aut ut aliquod corpus corporatum
vel politieum intra hoc Reguum nostrum Angliae, habere perquirere
recipen- possidere, dare et concedere, placitare et implacitari, re-
spond* -iv ' t reflponderi, det'endere vel defendi valeant et possint, va-
• »it ; Et quod iidein Praeses Concilium et Sodales Regalis
•atJN pracdictae et successores sui habeant in perpetuum Com-
- ;illum, pro causis et negotiis suis et. sueeessorum suorum
quibiiM -unque ngeiidis dcserviturum ; et quod bene liceat et licebit
ii Coucilio et Sodalibus Jiegalis Soeietatis praedictae,
lifl pro tempore existeiitibus, Sigillum illud de tem-
mpu> fran ge re inutare et de novo facere, prout eis melius
tur rxpcdiri.

1 From the Patent Roll.

CHARTA SECUNDA 71

Damns insuper et concedimus per presenter Praesidi Concilio et Grant of Arm*. rU.
Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, conimqui- in {>erpetuuin Dext^Store^LionK
successoribus, in favoris nostri regii erga ip^>s nostraeque de ipsis °J]foJl*nd: J11^*1*0
peculiaris existimationis praesenti et futuris aetatibuH testimonium, port*"-
haec honoris insignia sequentia, viz. : In Parinae argenteae angulo
dextro tres leones nostros Anglicos ; et pro Crista galeam corona
flosculis interstincta adornatam, cui supereininet aquila nativi coloris,
altero pede scutum leonibus nostris insignitum tenens; Telamones
scutarios, duos canes sagaces albos, colla coronis cinctos (prout in
margine luculentius videre est *) : a praedictis Praeside Concilio et
Sodalibus ipsorumque successoribus, prout feret2 occasio, in per-
petuum gestanda producenda 3 possidenda.

Et, quod intentio nostra regia melioreni sortiatur eff'ectum, ac pro The Council shall

. . , .. j . . „ i • o • , , • i consist of twenty-one

bono regimme et gubernatione praedictae Kegalis bocietatis de (of whom the Pre«i-

tempore in tempus, volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus g^ lways oSe).

et successoribus nostris concedimus eisdem Praesidi Concilio et

Sodalibus Societatis Regalis praedictae, et successoribus suis, quod

de caetero in perpetuum Concilium praedictum erit et consistet ex

viginti et una personis (quarum Praesidem pro tempore existentem,

vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus); Et quod omnes All other persons who

et singulae aliae personae, quae intra duos menses proxime sequentes Emitted asiLmJers

post datum presentium per Praesidem et Concilium, vel per aliquos Jg the President and

undecim vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, or more of them (of

, . „ . whom, &c.) or by two-

vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus), vel per duas tertias thirds or more of

partes vel plures praedictorum undecim vel plurium, et in omni
tempore sequenti per Praesidem Concilium et Sodales, sive per
aliquos viffinti et unum vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro the President, Coun-

, . T* *\ cil, &nd Fellows, or by

tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus), any twenty-one or
sive per duas tertias partes vel plures praedictorum viginti et unius whom°the President
vel plurium, in eandem Societatem accipientur et admittentur ut

Membra liegalis Societatis praedictae, et in Registro per ipsos parts or more of the

, . . , , said twenty-one or

conservando annotatae fuerint, erunt vocabuntur et nuncupabuntur more ; and shall be

Sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae, quamdiu vixerint, nisi ob
causam aliquam rationabilem, secundum Statuta Regalis Societatis
praedictae condenda, quemvis eorum amoveri contigerit : quos 4 hu-iy amoved.
quanto eminentius omnis generis doctrinae bonarumque literarum
studio clarescant, quanto ardentius hujusce Societatis honorem studia
et emolumentum 5 promoveri cupiant, quanto vitae integritate morum-
que probitate ac pietate emineant, et fidelitate animique erga nos
Coronam et dignitatem nostram sincere affectu polleant, eo magis

1 A representation of the Arms appears on the first skin of the Charter.

2 This word is omitted from the Patent Roll.

3 -Sic. 4 * Quas ' iu the Roll. 5 Or emolumenta.

7-j RKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

i(loiK>os et dignos. qui in Sodnlium ejusdem Societatis numerum

•itur. oniniiu) (viiM-ri volunuis.

pro mrliori exeeutione voluntatis et concessionis nostrae in hac

parle. assi«rnavimiis nominuvimus constituimus et fecimus, ac per pre-

- pro iiol)is heredibus et successoribus nostris assignamus nomina-

mus c-onstituinuis et fju-inius, praedilectum et fidelem nobis Williel-

,,unt mum, Viceeomitem Brouncker, Cancellarium praecharissimae Consortis

ic Retinae Catharinae, esse primum et modernum Praesidem

iir^alis Societatis praedictae ; volcntes quod praedictus Willielmus,

>nu'N Brouncker, in ofHcio Praesidis Regalis Societatis praedictae,

datu j)resentium usque ad festum Sancti Andreae proximum

>e<|iientem post datum presentium, continuabit, et quousque unus

alius de Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existente

ad (>fficium illud debito modo electus praefectus et juratus fuerit, juxta

ordinationem et provisionem in his presentibus inferius expressam et

declaratam (si praedictus Willielmus, Vicecomes Brouncker, tain diu

t vixrrit) ; sacramento corporali in. omnibus et peromnia officium illud

tangentia bene et fideliter exequendum, secundum veram intentionem

hart mi presentium, coram praedilecto et perquam fideli Consanguineo

et Consiliario nostro Edwardo, Comite Clarendon, Cancellario nostro

Angliae, prius praestito (cui quidem Edwardo, Comiti Clarendon,

Cancellario nostro praedicto, sacramentum praedictum administrare

plcnam potestatem et authoritatem damus et concedimus), in haec

•sOatii. verba sccjiieiitia, vi/. : /, William, Vwcount BrouncJcer, doe promise to

(kak faithfully and honestly in all things belonging to the trust

commuted to me as President of the Roy all Society of London for im-

/irnrinir n a fin-all Knowledge, dureing my Imployment in that capacity.

'/rlfic me God!

"iii ignavimus etiam constituimus et fecimus, ac per presentes pro

nobis lirivdibus et successoribus noatris facimus, dilectos nobis et
fidele> Uobertum Moray, Militem, unum a Secretioribus nostris
Conciliis in Keirno nostro Scotiae, Robertum Boyle, Armigerum,
Williehmim Bren-ton, Armigerum, filium primogenitum Baronis de
Bn-rcton. Kent linum l)i<r})y, Militem, praecharissimae matri nostrae
Mariac JU-irinac Canci-llanum, Gilbertum Talbot,1 Militem, Jocaliuin
nostroriim 'rhcsaurariinn, Paiilum Neile, Militem, unum Ostiariorum
CaiiM-rae pri\:it;u- no>trac, I Icnncum Slingesby, Armigerum, unum
mi pnicdict.-ie pri \ at ac Camerae nostrae, Willielmum Petty,
Militnn. Timotlicum Clarke, in Medicinis Doctorem et unum Medi-
'•orum nostronim. .lohaniu-m Wilkins, in Theologia Doctorem,
-ium Ki,r, in Mcdinni.s Doctorem, Willielmum Aerskine, unum

1 Sir (iill,,- ,-t Tall.ot .-..id Mr. Hill u(>n- not in the first Charter: they supply
Dr. Walli* :in,l Dr. '

CHARTA SECUNDA 7:5

a Poeulis nostris, Jonathan. Goddard, in Mcdicinis Doctorem ct Pro-

fessorem Collegii de Gresham, Willielmum Balle, Amii^-rum,

Matthaeum Wren, Armigerum, Johannein Evelyn, Armigerum,

Thoinam Henshaw, Armigerum, Dudley Palmer, de Greys Inn in

comitatu nostro Middlesexiae, Armigerum, Ahrahamum Hill, de

London, Armigerum, et Henricum Oldenburg, Armigerum, una cum

Praeside praedicto, fore et esse primos et modernos viginti et unum de

Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae ; continuandos in T.,,.,,,t

officiis Concilii praedicti a datu presentium usque ad praedictum till othensbaii be*"*

festum Sancti Andreae Apostoli proximum sequentem, et deinde, ^^a^VeJfo?''tut

miousque aliae idoneae personae et habiles et sufficientes in officia OMM-, \ bavin* fir«t

,. , . ...... taken, before the

praedicta electae praefectae et iuratae fuennt (si tarn dm vixen nt, President, the ilk. •

,. . . , .. ,.,. /. . .v Oath as he took, //*/«-

aut pro ahqua justa et1 rationabili causa non amotae luennt) ; MM mut<n
sacramentis corporalibus coram Praeside pro tempore existente
praedictae Regalis Societatis, ad officia sua bene et fideliter in omni-
bus et per omnia officia ilia tangentia exequenda, prius praestan-
dis, secundiim formam et effectum praedicti sacramenti, mutatis
mutandis, Praesidi Regalis Societatis praedictae per Cancellarium
nostrum Angliae administrandi (cui quidem Praesidi pro tempore
existenti sacramenta praedicta administrare personis praedictis, et
aliis quibuscunque in posterum de tempore in tempus in Concilium
praedictum eligendis, plenam potestatem et authoritatem pro nobis
heredibus et successoribus nostris damns et concedimus per presentes) :
Et quod eaedem personae sic, ut praefertur, ad Concilium praedictae
Regalis Societatis electae praefectae et juratae, et in posterum eligen-
dae praeficiendae et jurandae de tempore in tempus, erunt et existent
auxiliantes consulentes et assistentes in omnibus materiis rebus et
negotiis meliores regulationem gubernationem et directionem prae-
dictae Regalis Societatis, et cujuslibet Membri ejusdem, tangentibus
seu concernentibus.

Concedimus etiam Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Societatis prae- The President, Coun-

j. , . ., vj . . . oil, and Fellows, or

dictae, et eorum in perpetuum successoribus, quod ipsi et successores any nine or more of
eorum, seu aliqui novem vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro Jjja^iioia awembuS^
tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus), at jny Jime or ^JJJJ
conventus seu congregationes de seipsis pro experimentorum et renim t<n mil.-: of it.
naturalium cognitione et indagine, aliisque negotiis ad Societatem
praedictam spectantibus, quoties et quando opus fuerit, licite facere et
habere possint in collegio sive aula sive alio loco commodo intra
Civitatem nostram Londini, vel [in] 2 aliquo alio loco commodo intra
decem milliaria ab eadem Civitate nostra.

Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et c

1)11-
or

' Aut ' in the Patent Roll ; but see p. 51.
2 From the Patent Roll.

71- KKCOUl) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

MiccesNoribus m»tris eoncedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus

cietatia pnu-.Iu-t.-u-, et successoribus suis, quod Praeses Con-

sodales Regalis Societatis praedictae protempore existentes,

liiiui triinnta et unus vel plures eoruin (quorum Praesidem pro

, • , x ix

tempore cxistentem, vel ejtis Deputation, unum esse volumus), sen
najor pars praedictormn triginta et unius vel plurium, de tempore in
.'' tcmpus perpetuis futuris temporibus potestatem et authoritatem
•ilu-ant et habebunt nominandi et cligendi, et quod eligere et nomi-
l>os>int et vale-ant, quolibet anno, in praedicto festo Sancti
And rone, unum dt1 Concilio praedictae Hegalis Societatis pro tempore
\i-tciite. (jiii sit et erit Praeses Hegalis Societatis praedictae usque ad
t'c-tum Sancti Andreae Apostoli exinde proximum sequentem (si tarn
din vixerit, aut interim pro aliqua justa et rationabili causa non
amotus fuerit), et exinde quousque unus alius in officium Praesidis
Regalis Societatis praedictae electus praefectus et nominatus fuerit ;
(jiindcjiie ille postquam sic ut praefertur electus et nominatus
fuerit in officium Praesidis Regalis Societatis praedictae, antequam
ad officium illud admittatur, sacramentum corporale coram Concilio
ejusdem Kegalis Societatis, aut aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum.
ad oflieium illud recte bene et fideliter in omnibus officium illud tan-
gL'iitibus exequendum praestabit, secundum formam et effectum prae-
dicti saeramenti, mutatis mutandis ; (cui quidem Concilio, aut
jiliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacramentum praedictum
administrare, pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris, plenam
potestatem et authoritatem de tempore in tempus, quotiescunque
Praesidem eligere opua fuerit, damns et concedimus per presentes ;)
et qimd post hujusmodi sacramentum sic ut praefertur praestitum,
otlicium Praesidis Uegalis Societatis praedictae usque ad festum Sancti
Andreae Apostoli exinde proximum sequentem exequi valeat et possit :
Kt ^>i contincrit Praesidem Jleiralis Soeietatis praedictae protempore

T 1 • C •,-«.. ^ • 1 • • 1

\istcnteni aliquo tempore, quamdui fuerit in ofhcio Praesidis ejusdem

!{ ilis Societatis, obin-, decedere, vel ab officio suo amoveri, quod

f tune ct tot ie^ bene lieeat et. lieebit Concilio Regalis Societatis prae-

lictae, eoniiiKjue in perpetuum successoribus, sive aliquibus undecim

,
. <•! phinhiis roruni, eomemre vel congregan ad ehgendum unum de

dicto immero Coneilii praedicti in Praesidem Regalis Societatis

lictae; et (jiiod ille, (|ui per Conciliinn praedictum, vel per pnu-

dicto- nndecim vel plures, vel per majorem partem praedictorum undecim

et plurium, ehrtiiN fuerit et juratus, ut praefertur, officium illud habeat

it durantr residue ejuadem anni, et (juousque alius ad officium

illud dcbito niodo elect us et juratus fuerit, saeramento corporali in

forma supra -pccificata prius praestando ; et sic toties quoties casus sic

derit

CHARTA SECUNDA 75

Et ulterius volumus, quod quandocunqae continent aliqucm vel On the Death.
aliquos de Concilio Hegalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existente *','.'

mori, vel ab officio illo anioveri, veldecedere ; quosqtiidcm de Coneilio (who»rc '
Regalis Societatis ])raedictae et eoruni quemlibet pro male segerendis President and Council
aut aliqua alia rationabili causa amobiles esse volumus, ad beneplaci- thePreddi
tuin Praesidis et eaeterorum de Concilio praedicto (quorum Praesidem twen*y!cSeor°morf«rf>
pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, unum esse volumus), vel them (of whom, &<-.)
majoris partis eorundem ; quod tune et toties bene liceat et licebit sack twenty-™,
praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, vacanc^fromiu'
eorumque in perpetuuui successoribus, vel aliquibus viginti uni vel '' ' '

pluribus eorundem (quorum Praesidem Regalis Societatis praedictae /

pro tempore existentem, vel eius Deputatum. unum esse volumus). vel the next St. Andrew's

. . ,. . . .. ; IT- v Day, and until an-

majori parti praedictorum viginti et unius vel plunum, unum ahum other or others shall

vel plures alios de Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, loco sive

locis ipsius vel ipsoruni sic mortuorum decedentium vel amotorum, ad

supplendum praedictum numerum viginti et unius personarum de

Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae, nominare eligere et praeficere ;

et quod ille sive illi sic in officio illo electi et praefecti idem officium

habeat et habeant usque ad festum Sancti Andreae Apostoli tune

proximum sequentem, et exinde quousque unus alius vel plures alii

electus praefectus et nominatus fuerit, electi praefecti et nominati

fuerint ; sacramento corporali ad officium illud in omnibus et per omnia

officium illud tangentia, coram Praeside et Concilio Regalis Societatis

praedictae, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum (quorum Praesi-

dem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse

volumus), bene et fideliter exequendum, secundum veram intentionem

praesentium, priiis praestando.

Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et sue- On st. Andrew's Day,

•u . • T f • ^ -j- n -T LO J TU ten of the Council HI.-I

cessonbus nostns concedimus praeiatis Praesidi Concilio et sodalibus no more) are to be
praedictae Regalis Societatis, et successoribus suis,1 quod ipsi et
successores sui, sive aliqui triginta et unus vel plures eorum (quorum

Praesidem pro -tempore existentem, vel eius Deputatum, semper (of whom the r

* dent or his Deputy

unum esse volumus), sive major pars praedictorum triginta et unius always to be one), or
vel plurium, quolibet anno, in praedicto festo Sancti Andreae Apostoli,
plenam potestatem et authoritatem habeant et habebunt eligendi
nominandi praeficiendi et mutandi decem de Sodalibus Regalis Socie-
tatis praedictae, ad supplendum loca et officia decem praedicti numeri
viginti et unius de Concilio Regalis Societatis praedictae ; quoniam
regiam voluntatem nostram esse declaramus, ac per presentes pro
nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris concedimus, quod decem de
Concilio praedicto, et non amplius, per Praesidem Concilium et Sodales
Regalis Societatis praedictae annuatim mutati et amoti fuerint.
t Imperpetwim,' in the Patent Roll.

7<; KKC(Wl) OF THE KOYAL SOCIETY

his

in his it
make -
Council

the absonr.' <>t tl,.-

Yolumus etiam. et pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris
concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis
Societatis, et xiu-cc>soribus suis in perpetuum, quod si contigerit Prae-
>idem ejusdem Regalis Societatis pro tempore existentem aegritudine
\cl inlirmitate detineri, vel in servitio nostro heredum vel successorum
?iostn>rum versari, vel aliter esse occupatum, ita quod necessariis

iis ejusdem Regalis Societatis officium Praesidis tangentibus
attendere non poterit, quod tune et toties bene liceat et licebit eidem

<li -ic detento versato vel occupato unum de Concilio praedictae
Kcgalis Societatis pro tempore existente, fore et esse Deputatum
ejusdem Praesidis, nominare et appunctuare ; qui quidem Deputatus,
in officio Deputati Praesidis praedicti sic faciendus et constituendus,
sit et erit Deputatus ejusdem Praesidis, de tempore in tempus, toties
quoties praedictus Praeses sic abesse contigerit, durante toto tempore,
quo praedictus Praeses in officio Praesidis continuaverit, nisi interim
praedictus Praeses Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existens
unum alium de praedicto Concilio ejus Deputatum fecerit et consti-
tuent; Et quod quilibet hujusmodi Deputatus praedicti Praesidis,
sic ut praefertur faciendus et constituendus, omnia et singula, quae
ad officium Praesidis praedictae Regalis Societatis pertinent seu
pertinere debent, vel per praedictum Praesidem virtute harum
Literannn nostraruin Patentium limitata et appunctuata fore1 facien-
da et cxc-qucnda, de tempore in tempus, toties quoties praedictus
Prae.xes sic abesse contigerit, durante tali tempore, quo Deputatus
praedicti Praesidis continuaverit, facere et exequi valeat et possit.
harum Literarum nostraruin Patentium, adeo plene libere et

e, ac in tain amplis modo et forma, prout Praeses praedictus, si
ilia facere et exequi valeret et posset ; sacramento
corporali super sancta Dei Evangelia in forma et eftectu supra
specif icat is per hujusmodi Deputatum, ad omnia et singula, quae ad
officium Praesidis pertinent bene et fideliter exequenda, coram praefato
Concilio predictae Regalis Societatis, vel aliquibus septem l vel
pluribus eorum, prius praestando ; et sic toties quoties casus sic
accident ; cui quidem Concilio vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus
eorum pro tempore existente,2 sacramentum praedictum administrare

tatem et ailthoritatem, (juoties casus sic accident, damus et
coneedimus per presentes, absque brevi commissione sive ulteriori

llt() i" <|;> parti- a nobis heredibus vel successoribus nostris
procurando sen obtinendo.

1 Thi- iiiimliiT ,,f MOM i^ w l.-^nu-d hy the third Charter as to the two ;/••«•
• •njc.iiir.l : Init a- to M,N Oath of Ojfi<-<>. fir,' an- ina«l«- sufficient.

CHARTA SECUNDA 77

Et ulterius volimms, ac per presentes pro nobis hercdibus et Tlie Society may h«v»
successor! bus nostris conccdimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodali- 8ecrot»rie«,'t*
bus Regalis Societatis praedictae, et successoribus sui>, <|iio<l ipsi et
successores sui de caetero in perpetuum habeant et babebunt unum
Thesaurarium, duos Secretaries, Curatores experimentoruni duos vel fttt"n(1"i

~, . , , _ . dent. All them are to

plures, Clericum unum vel plures, et praeterea duos Servientes ad be chosen and named
Clavas, qui de tempore in tempus super Praesidem attendant : qimdque Council* and'r'
praedicti Thesaurarius Secretarii Curatores Clericus vel Clerici et ^ore^f th?m°5f ^
Servientes ad Clavas per Praesidem Concilium et Sodales Regalis whom the President

. or his Deputy to be

Societatis praedictae, sive per aliquos tngmta et unum vel plures one,) or by the major
eoriim((|iiorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, oneormore1; ai

unum esse volumus), vel per majorem partem praedictorum triginta et m™praiden"'
unius vel plurium, eligendi et nominandi, antequam ad officia sua Deputy, and the r,,uu-

. IT. 8"i or any seven or

specialia et respectiva exequenda admittantur, sacramenta sua cor- more of tiu-m.

poralia in forma et effectu supra specificatis, coram Praeside, vel ejus

Deputato, et Concilio ejusdem Regalis Societatis, aut aliquibus septem

vel pluribus eorum, officia sua separalia et respectiva in omnibus ilia

tangentibus recte bene et fideliter exequenda praestabunt ; et quod

post hujusmodi sacramenta 2 sic ut praefertur praestita, officia sua

respectiva exerceant et utantur ; quibus quidem Praesidi et Concilio,

aut aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacramenta praedicta de

tempore in tempus administrare praedictis separalibus et respectivis

officiariis et successoribus suis plenam potestatem et authoritatem

damns et concedimus per presentes : Et assignavimus nominavi- The first Treasurer

mus elegimus creavimus constituimus et fecimus, ac per presentes twoWst secretaries.*

pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris assignamus nominamus

eligimus creamus constituimus et facimus, dilectos subditos nostros

praedictum Willielmum Balle, Armigerum, fore et esse primum et

modernum Thesaurarium, et praedictum Johannem Wilkins et

Henricum Oldenburg fore et esse primes et modernos Secretaries

praedictae Regalis Societatis, continuandos in eisdem officiis usque ad

praedictum festum Sancti Andreae Apostoli proximum sequentem

post datum presentium : Quodque de tempore in tempus et ad omnia On every St. Andrew's

tempora, in praedicto festo Sancti Andreae Apostoli (si non fuerit Sunday? ami 'then on

dies Dominicus, et si fuerit dies Dominicus, tune die proximo sequente), SjaWent^uni-i'i

Praeses Concilium et Sodales praedictae Regalis Societatis pro tempore and Fellows, or any

... Thirty-one or more of

existentes, sive aliqui tngmta et unus vel plures eorum (quorum Prae- them (of whom, &c ),
sidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, unum esse volumus), JJ^V Thirty^ m.'-'l.r
sive major pars praedictorum triginta et unius vel plurium, probos et ™£™ %£ l% *&™IK >r
discretes viros de tempore in tempus in Thesaurarium et Secretaries, Council to be TI

1 .,.. . . . ,. surer and Secretaries ',

qui sunt et erunt de numero Concilu Regalis Societatis praedictae, who, after i*»ing
eligere nominare et praeficere valeant et possint ; quodque illi, qui in JhiSrOffices'tiii tho

UKl'OHl) OF THE 11OYAL, SOCIETY

paialia ct respectiva ofiicia praedicta sic- ut praefertur electi praefecti

etjurati t'ueriiit. otlicia ilia respectiva exercere et gaudere possint et

;it usque ad praedictum fcstuni Sancti Andreae extunc proximum

quentem, sacramcntis suis praedictis sic ut praefertur prius praestan-

lis ; et sic- toties (jiiotic-s easus MC accident. Et si contigerit electiones

praedictas IVacsidi>, Concilii, Thesaurarii, Secretariorum, vel alicujus

'•''". V M-l ali(|uoruiii eorum, in festo Sancti Andreae praedicto commode

ieri \cl pcrfici non posse, damns et concedimus praedictis Praesidi

Conc-ilio et Sodalibus, et snccessoribus eorum in perpetuum, quod ipsi,

IT / -r» • 1

vel alicjiii triginta et unus vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro
vmpore existenteni, vel ejus Deputatum, unum esse volumus), vel
, ... major pars praedictorum triginta et unius vel plurium, licite possint
iiominare et assignare unum alium diem, quam proxime ad festum
Sancti Andreae praedictum commode fieri poterit, pro electionibus
prai-dictis faciendis vel perficiendis ; et sic de die in diem, donee
praedictae electiones perficiantur : Et si contigerit aliquem vel aliquos
ohMciariorum praedictorum ejusdem Regalis Societatis obire, decedere,
vel ab officiis suis respectivis amoveri, quod tune et toties bene liceat
et licebit Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis,
X et eorum successoribus in perpetuum, sive aliquibus viginti et uni vel
nluribus eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel eius

Ki-liows, «>r any 7 . . ,.

Deputatum, unum esse volumus), seu majori parti praedictorum

in the ... . 11- T IT- tr> • • a» •

. . viginti et unius vel plurium, ahum vel alios in omcmm sive omcia
iriSrioi'C>Buchtho i^aruni personarum sic defunctarum decedentium sive amotarum

eligere et praeficere ; et quod ille sive illi sic electus et praefectus

lecti et praefecti officia praedicta respectiva habeant et exerceant

lurante residuo ejusdem anni, et quousque alius sive alii ad officia ilia

re^pirtiva debito niodo electus et juratus fuerit, electi et jurati fuerint ;

ct xjc toties (jiioties c-asus sic accident.

Kt insuper voliniius, ac- de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia

, ' ct mero motu nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Soda-

!ibu> Hcgalis Societatis praedictae, et successoribus suis in perpetuum,

I :.»! 1'ra. >(-> ct Concilium praedictae Regalis Societatis pro tempore

(praemissa semper in conventibus extraordinariis omnium

•brornm Coiic-ilii praedicti debita seu legitima summonitione vel

. sive aliqni novein vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro

tempore • Ai^entem, v«-l c-jus Deputatum, unum esse volumus), pariter

t«^ c -ongn -^are « t a— cmblarc- possint et valeant in collegio sive aula sive

in^ttJ™ ftno '0('° convcniciitr intra (-ivitatem nostram Londini, vel in aliquo

alio loco COnveniente intra dcccm milliaria ab eadem Civitate nostra;

' (jtind ipsi sic c.ingrc«rati et assemblati, sive major pars eorum,

Imbcbiint et habeant plenum authoritatern potestatcm et facultatem

de tempore in tempns condendi constituendi ordinandi faciendi et

CHARTA SECUXDA ?'.>

stabiliendi hujusmodi leges statuta jura ordination^ i-l rmi-titut ioncs, reasonable, and not

quae eis, aut eorum majori parti, lx>na salubria utilia honesta et w

mressaria juxta curuin smias discretimirs to IT videbuntur, pro indiori

gubernatione regulations rt direct ioiu- Regalis Societatis praedictae, et

cujuslibet Membri ejusdcm, omnia<jiir ad gubcrnationcm res bona

facultates redditus terras tenementa hcivditanicnta et negotia Regalia

Societatis praedictae spectantia agendi et faciendi ; (juae onniia et

singula leges statuta jura ordinationes et constitutionc* sic ut prae-

fertur facienda volumus, et per presentes pro nobis lu-irdibus et

successoribus nostris firniiter injungendo praecipimus et mandamus,

quod de tempore in tempus inviolabiliter observata fuerint, secundum

tenorem et effectum eorundem ; ita tamen, quod praedicta leges

statuta jura ordinationes et constitutiones sic ut praefertur facienda,

et eorum quaelibet, sint rationabilia, et non sint repugnantia nee con-

traria legibus consuetudinibus juribus sive statutis hujusRegni nostri

Angliae.

Et ulterius de ampliori gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et The President, Coun-

• • j i • . oil, and Fellows, or

mero motu nostris dednnus et concessnnus, ac per presentes pro uny twenty-one or
nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis ™hom°the President
Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis. et sue- or his Deputy to be

., . . . ,. .. .... , i .1 always one), or the

cessonbus suis in perpetuum, sive ahquibus vigmti et uni vel plunbus major part of such

eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputa-

turn, semper unum esse volumus), seu majori parti praedictorum

viginti et unius vel plurium, plenam potestatem et authoritatem de and authorize them,

.. ,. . by writing under the

tempore in tempus eligendi nommandi et constituendi unum vel common Seal, and
plures Typographos sive Impressores, et Chalcographos seu Sculp tores ; f/StJ to print such"

et ipsi vel ipsis per scriptum Communi Sigillo praedictae Regalis conTmi^he Royal
Societatis sigillatum, et manu Praesidis pro tempore existentis signa- Society) as shall be

c 11. given them in charge

turn, facultatem concedendi, ut nnprimant tales res matenas et by the President and

. . i . . r» t o • * j i Council, or any seven

negotia praedictam Kegalem societatem tangentes vel concernentes, Or more of them (of

quales praedicto Typographo vel Impressed, Chalcographo seu

Sculptori, vel Typographis vel Impressoribus, Chalcographis vel one), or the major part

' , Jr r . ., .,. of such seven or more.

oculptoribus, de tempore in tempus per Praesidem et Concilium They must be first

T. -r, Toi'ii" i -i • sworn before the Pre-

praedictae Kegalis Societatis, vel aliquos septem vel plures eorum sident and Council, or

(quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, 01

unum esse volumus), vel per majorem partem praedictorum septem

vel plurium, commissae fuerint ; sacramentis suis corporalibus, ante-

quam ad officia sua exercenda admittantur, coram Praeside et Concilio

pro tempore existentibus, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, in

forma et effectu ultimo specificatis, prius praestandis ; quibus quidem

Praesidi et Concilio, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacra-

menta praedicta administrare plenam potestatem et authoritatem

damus et concedimus per presentes.

80 HKCOH1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Kt ultrrius, ijtiod praedicti Praeses Concilium et Sodales praedictae
\\ ilia Socii-tatis in |)liilos()j)liic-is suis studiis meliorem sortiantur

. U'rctum, de ampliori "Tatia nostra special! ac ex certa scientia et nicro

• i •

mot u in»tris dedimus et eoncessimus, ac per presentes pro nohis

iv.iil.ii- rt Niirccxsoribus nostris dainus et concedimus, praedictis
: !<li Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Hegalis Societatis, et suc-

•iluis sin's in perpetuum, quod ipsi et successores sui, sive aliqui

,, . i
ovem \cl phi res eornm (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem,

.•i i-ju> Drputatum, ununi esse voluinus), sive major pars praedictorum

..ivi-m \el pltirium, de tempore in tempus habeant et habebunt plenam

-tatem et autlioritatem de, tempore in tempus, et ad talia tem-

prstna tempora, secundnm eorum diseretionem, per assignatum vel

jiato> suos,re(iuirere capere et reciperecadaveratalium personarum,

(jtiae mortem maim carnificis passae fuerunt, et ea anatomizare, in tarn

amplis modo et forma, et ad oinnes intentiones et proposita, prout

I'raoidens Collegii Medicorum et Societas Chirurgorum Civitatis

iio^trae Ix)iidon ((Uiibuscunque nominibus duae praedictae eorpora-

tiones insignitae fuerint) eisdem eadaveribus usi vel gavisi fuerunt, aut

nti vel gandere valeant et possint.

Et ulteriiis, pro melioratione experimentorum artium et scientiarinn
Taedictae lli-galis Societatis, de abundantiori gratia nostra speciali

1C ex certa seienlia et mero motu nostris dedimus et concessiinus. ac

•
.1, per presences pro nobia Iieredibus et successonbus nostris damus et

oncedimus, pract'atis Praesidi Concilio et Sodali bus praedictae Regal is

-ocictati>. ct Miceessoribus suis in perpetuum, quod ipsi et successores

ii. >i\e ali(jiii novem vel plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tem-

pon- existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, unum esse voluinus), sive major

V L 1 • 1 11

pars praedictorum novem vel plunum, de tempore in tempus habeant
et liabebunt plenam potestatem et authoritatem per literas vel epi-
-tola-, -ul) maim praedicti Praesidis vel ejus Deputati, in presentia
Concilii vi-1 ali(jiionim septem vel pltirium eorum, et in nomine Regalis
'at is, mtituis intelligentiis fruentur et negotiis ] cum omnibus et
omnimodis prreirrinis et alienis, utrtini privatis vel collegiatis, corpora-
ti» \rl |)oliticix, absque aliqua molestatione intcrruptione vel inquie-
tate ' <|iiacnii(|iie : Proviso tamen, (|iiod haec indulgentia nostra sic, ut
fertur, concevsa ad ultcriorem non extendatur usiini, (juam parti-
cnlaiv beiicficium et iiiteres-e praedictae Hegalis Societatis in materiis

nl)ii> philoflOphiciB mathematics aut mechanicis.

[;"•••"•• -c'Y'1 '"'•' iilterius dedimus et concessimiis, ac per presentes pro nobis

icn-dibus «•( Miccrssoribiis nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis

•Ii Concilio et Sodalilms Jiegalis Societatis praedictae, et

1 In the tir»t Charter, ' tiotifiix.'

PLATE \ III

SIR ISAAC NKWTO.V
From a portrait by J. Van der Banck, in the possession or the Royal Society

CHART A SECUNDA 81

successoribus suis in perpetuum, sive Praesidi et Concilio Regal is of them, to build
Societatis praedictae vel major! parti eorum, plenam potestatem et
authoritatem erigendi aedificandi et extruendi, aut erigi aedificari Ialle80»lt
et extrui faciendi vel causandi, intra Civitatem nostram Londini,
vel decem milliaria ab eadem, unum vel plura Collegium vel Col-
legia cujuscunque modi et qualitatis, pro habitatione assemblatione
et congregatione praedictorum Praesidis Concilii et Sodalium . prae-
dictae Regalis Societatis et successorum suorum, ad negotia sua
et alias res eandem Regalem Societatem concernentia ordinanda et
disponenda.

Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et if any abu*» shall
successoribus nostris ordinamus constituimus et appunctuamus, quod aSe^they •hau'S00
si aliqui abusus vel discrepantiae in posterum orientur et accident byf^^ftrinoVciaren-
de gubernatione aut aliis rebus vel negotiis praedictae Regalis don (Lord Chancellor)

...,.,... ,. alone, while living ;

Societatis, unde ejusdem constitution! stabilimmi et studiorum and after his. i.ath i,\
progressui vel rebus et negotiis aliqua inferatur injuria vel impedi- Canterbury, the chan-
mentum ; quod tune et toties per presentes pro nobis heredibus JJJJ Q^a^jf rtnl,

et successoribus nostris authorizamus nominamus et constituimus Treasurer, Privy Seal,

. „ Bishop of London, and

praefatum praedilectum et perquam ndelem Consangumeum et Con- two Principal Secre-
siliarium nostrum Edwardum, Comitem de Clarendon, Cancellarium {"£& or'anyfouTor
nostrum Regni nostri Angliae, per seipsum durante vita sua, et more of them-
post ejus mortem, tune Archiepiscopum Cantuariensem, Cancel-
larium vel Custodem Magni Sigilli Angliae, Thesaurarium Angliae,
Custodem Privati Sigilli, Episcopum Londinensem, et duos Prin-
cipales Secretaries pro tempore existentes, aut aliquos quatuor vel
plures eorum, easdem discrepantias et abusus reconciliare componere
et reducere.

Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et General Clauses,
successoribus nostris firmiter injungendo praecipimus et mandamus
omnibus et singulis Justitiariis Majoribus Aldermannis Vicecomitibus
Ballivis Constabulariis et aliis officiariis ministris et subditis nostris
heredum et successorum nostrorum quibuscunque, quod de tempore
in tempus sint auxiliantes et assistentes praedictis Praesidi Concilio
et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, eorumque in perpetuum
successoribus, in omnibus et per omnia, secundum veram intentionem
harum Literarum nostrarum Patentium.

E6 quod expressa mentio de vero valore annuo vel de certitudine
praemissorum sive eorum alicujus, aut de aliis donis sive conces-
sionibus per nos seu per aliquem progenitorum sive praedecessorum
nostrorum praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis
praedictae ante haec tempora factis, in presentibus minime facta
existit; aut aliquo statuto actu ordinatione provisione proclama-
tione sive restrictione in contrarium inde antehac habito facto edito

si> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

ordinato sive proviso, aut aliqiia alia re causa vel materia quacunque,
in ali(juo non obstante.

In cujus rei testimonium has Literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes.
ipso. apnd \Vestmoiiasterium, vicesimo secundo die Aprilis,
anno ivgni nostri deeimo quinto.1

Per breve de Privato Sigillo.

HOWARD.

Incorporation and
• ime.

i- himself
Founder and Patron

Translation of Second Charter, A,D. 1663.

Charles t IK- Second, by the grace of God King of England, Scotland,
France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., to all to whom these
our Letters Patent shall come, greeting.

\\ e have long and fully resolved with Ourself to extend not only
the boundaries of the Empire, but also the very arts and sciences.
Therefore we look with favour upon all forms of learning, but with
particular grace we encourage philosophical studies, especially those
which by actual experiments attempt either to shape out a new philo-
sophy or to perfect the old. In order, therefore, that such studies,
which have not hitherto been sufficiently brilliant in any part of the
world, may shine conspicuously amongst our people, and that at length
the whole world of letters may always recognize us not only as the
Defender of the Faith, but also as the universal lover and patron of
every kind of truth :

Know ve that we, of our special grace and of our certain knowledge

and mere motion, have ordained, established, and granted, and by

presents for us, our heirs, and successors do ordain, establish,

and grant, that henceforth for ever there shall be a Society consisting

of a President, Council, and Fellows, who shall be called and named

IY< >ident, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London

tor promoting Natural Knowledge (of which same Society we by

presents declare Ourself Founder and Patron); And by these

;or us, our heirs, and successors we do make, ordain, create,

and constitute the same Society, by the name of The President,

Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for promoting

il Knowledge, one body corporate and politic, in fact, deed,

and ally and fully, and that by the same name they may

pctual succession; And that they and their successors

(\\hose studies are to be applied to further promoting by the

• >!i four skins of vellum ; and, like the first, contains soim-
DC ornamented capital letters. The Arms of the Society, coloured, appear
on the first

TRANSLATION OF SECOND CHARTER 83

authority of experiments the sciences of natural things and of
useful arts, to the glory of God the Creator, and the advantage of
the human race), by the same name of The President, Council, and
Follows of the Royal Society of London for promoting Natural
Knowledge, may and shall be in all future times persons able and Capacity to purchase :
capable in law to have, acquire, receive, and possess hinds [and]
tenements, meadows, feedings, pastures, liberties, privileges, fran-
chises, jurisdictions, and hereditaments whatsoever to them and their
successors in fee and perpetuity, or for term of life, lives, or years,
or otherwise in whatsoever manner, and also goods and chattels, and
all other things, of whatsoever kind, nature, sort, or quality they
may be (the Statute concerning alienation in mortmain notwithstand-
ing); and also to give, grant, [demise,] and assign the same lands, and to grant;
tenements, and hereditaments, goods and chattels, and to do and
execute all acts and things necessary of and concerning the same,
by the name aforesaid ; And that by the name of The President,
Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for promoting
Natural Knowledge aforesaid, they may henceforth for ever be able
and have power to plead and be impleaded, to answer and be an- to sue and be sued ;
swered, to defend and be defended, in whatsoever Courts and places,
and before whatsoever Judges, Justices, and other persons and officers
of us, our heirs, and successors, in all and singular actions, both real
and personal, pleas, suits, plaints, causes, matters, things, and demands
whatsoever, of whatsoever kind, nature, or sort they may or shall be,
in the same manner and form as any of our lieges within this our
Realm of England, being persons able and capable in law, or as any
body corporate or politic within this our Realm of England, may
be able and have power to have, acquire, receive, possess, give, and
grant, to plead and be impleaded, to answer and be answered, to
defend or be defended ; And that the same President, Council, and
Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid and their successors for ever
may have a Common Seal, to serve for transacting all causes and and to have a Com-
affairs whatsoever of them and their successors ; and that it may pleasure. '
and shall be good and lawful to the same President, Council, and
Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors for
the time being, to break, change, and make anew that Seal from
time to time, as it shall seem most expedient to them.

We give and grant moreover by these presents to the President, Grant of Arms, vi*.
Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their giies three Lions of
successors for ever, in testimony of our royal favour towards them, and ofnf crest, and Sup-
of our peculiar esteem for them, to the present and future ages, these porters,
following blazons of honour, that is to say : in the dexter corner of a
silver shield our three Lions of England, and for Crest a helm adorned

G2

si- UKCOK1) OF TIIK HOVAL SOCIETY

with a crown studded with florets, surmounted by an eagle of proper
colour holding in one foot a sliield charged with our lions : Supporters,
two white hounds gorged with crowns; to be borne, exhibited, and
possessed tor ever bv the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows, and
their successors, as occasion shall serve.

And that our royal intention may obtain the better effect, and for
the good rule and government of the aforesaid Royal Society from
,tulii time to time, we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
T'piv-l stiecessors do grant to the same President, Council, and Fellows of the

i ;'v Koyal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that henceforth for

ever the Council aforesaid shall be and consist of twenty-one persons
(of whom we will the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to
rbo be always one); And that all and singular other persons who
Smittod^iiemb^rs, within two months next following after the date of these presents shall
, received and admitted into the same Society as Members of the
11 oval Society aforesaid, by the President and Council, or by any
eleven or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time
fn two months ; ' being, or his Deputy, to be always one), or by two third parts or more

of the aforesaid eleven or more, and in all time following by the
<sident, Conn- President, Council, and Fellows, or by any twenty-one or more of

|,y ^ » ^ J J J

them (of whom we will the President for the time being, or his
|'s'm Deputy, to be always one), or by two third parts or more of the

aforesaid twenty-one or more, and shall have been noted in the

Register by them to be kept, shall be, be called, and be named Fellows

. .

and shall be regis- of the Roval Society aforesaid, as long; as they shall live, unless it

n i 4.U * e ^ if j f 1-1

..< of the said wall happen that any one of them be amoved for any reasonable

, according to the Statutes of the Royal Society aforesaid, which

axe to be drawn up ; whom, the more eminently they are distinguished

tor the study of every kind of learning and good letters, the more

utly they desire to promote the honour, studies, and advantage of

this Society, the more they are noted for integrity of life, uprightness

of character, and piety, and excel in fidelity and affection of mind to-

dfl us, our Crown, and dignity, the more we wish them to be

iidlv deemed fitting and worthy of being admitted into the

number of the Fellows of the same Society.

And for the better execution of our will and grant in this behalf,

uiied, nominated, constituted, and made, and by these

for us, our heirs, and successors do assign, nominate,

•id make, our very well-beloved and trusty William,

m viscount "'"t Brouncker, Chancellor of our very dear consort Queen

Catharine, to be the first and present President of the Royal Society

siid; willing that the aforesaid William, Viscount Brouncker,

Day, and till anoti,. , shall continue in the office of President of the Royal Society aforesaid

TRANSLATION OF SECOND CHARTER 85

from the date of these presents until the feast of St. Andrew next (oat of the Coon

following after the date of these presents, and until one other of the sworn.

Council of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being shall ha\<

been elected, appointed, and sworn to that office in due manner,

according to the ordinance and provision below in thoc piwrnt-

expressed and declared (if the aforesaid William, Viscount Brouncker,

shall live so long); having first taken a corporal oath well and He himself to be first

faithfully to execute [his office] in and by all things touching that i^rdCT^eu"^6

office, according to the true intention of these presents, before our very

well-beloved and very trusty Cousin and Councillor Edward, Earl of

Clarendon, our Chancellor of England : to which same Edward, Earl

of Clarendon, our Chancellor aforesaid, we give and grant full power

and authority to administer the oath aforesaid in these words following,

that is to say :

I, William, Viscount Brouncker, do promise to deal faithfully and The President's Oath.
honestly in all things belonging to the trust committed to me, as
President of the Royal Society of London for improving Natural Know-
ledge, during my employment in that capacity. So help me God !

We have also assigned, constituted, and made, and by these presents The first Council
tor us, our heirs, and successors do make, our beloved and trusty
Robert Moray, Knight, one of our Privy Council in our Realm of
Scotland ; Robert Boyle, Esquire ; William Brereton, Esquire, eldest
son of the Baron de Brereton ; Kenelm Digby, Knight, Chancellor
to our very dear mother, Queen Maria ; Gilbert Talbot, Knight,
Treasurer of our Jewels ; Paul Neile, Knight, one of the Ushers of our
Privy Chamber ; Henry Slingesby, Esquire, one of the Gentlemen of
our aforesaid Privy Chamber ; William Petty, Knight ; Timothy
Clarke, Doctor in Medicine and one of our Physicians ; John Wilkins,
Doctor in Divinity ; George Ent, Doctor in Medicine ; William
Aerskine, orfe of our Cup-bearers ; Jonathan Goddard, Doctor in
Medicine and Professor of Gresham College ; William Balle, Esquire ;
Matthew Wren, Esquire ; John Evelyn, Esquire ; Thomas Henshaw,
Esquire ; Dudley Palmer, of Grey's Inn, in our County of Middlesex,
Esquire ; Abraham Hill, of London, Esquire ; and Henry Oldenburg,
Esquire, together with the President aforesaid, to be and become the
first and present twenty-one of the Council and Fellows of the Royal
Society aforesaid ; to be continued in their offices of the Council To continue till next
aforesaid from the date of these presents until the aforesaid feast of tui othera shall be
St. Andrew the Apostle next following, and thenceforth until other fit-
ting and able and sufficient persons shall have been elected, appointed,

and sworn into the offices aforesaid (if they shall live so long, or President, the like

u n i • i i_i \ ii Oath as he took, TOU-

shall not have been amoved for any just and reasonable cause) ; nrst

taking corporal oaths before the President for the time being of flu-

KEC'OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

siid Royal Society, well and faithfully to execute their offices in
and by all things touching those offices, according to the form and
of tlu- aforesaid oath, mutatis mutandis, to be administered to
the President of the Royal Society aforesaid by our Chancellor of
Kngland ; (to which same President for the time being, for us, our
i, and successors, we give and grant by these presents full power
and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid to the aforesaid
persons, and to any others whomsoever hereafter from time to time to
he elected into the Council aforesaid); And that the same persons, so
as it is aforesaid elected, appointed, and sworn, and hereafter to
be elected, appointed, and sworn from time to time, to the Council of
tin aforesaid Royal Society, shall be and become aiding, counselling,
and assistant in all matters, business, and affairs touching or concern-
ing the better regulation, government, and direction of the aforesaid
Roval Society, and of every Member of the same.

\\V also grant to the President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid

^ociety, and to their successors for ever, that they and their successors,

>m»*?0, or anv nine or more of them (of whom we will the President for the

m Ay bold assemLl:

Rt any time or place in time being, or his Deputy, to be always one), may be able lawfully to

. 11 1J UV I' ff A, 1 f 4-U •

miles' make and hold assemblies or meetings ot themselves tor the exami-

nation and investigation of experiments and of natural things, and
for other affairs belonging to the Society aforesaid, as often as and
whenever it shall be needful, in a College or Hall or other convenient
place within our City of London, or in any other convenient place
within ten miles of our same City.

And furl her we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and

sors. do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows

of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that the

lent, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid for the

me being, or any thirty-one or more of them (of whom we will

••i. thin.*- I he President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), or the

major part of the aforesaid thirty-one or more, may and shall have

••'•_ from time to time in all future times for ever power and authority to

ominate and elect, and that they may be able and have power to

ect and nominate, every year, on the aforesaid feast of St. Andrew,

one of the Council of the aforesaid Royal Society for the time being,

' who may and shall be President of the Royal Society aforesaid until

of St. Andrew the Apostle- thereafter next following (if he

-hall not be amoved meanwhile for any just and

'. and thenceforth until another shall have been

I 'pointed, and nominated to the office of President of the

I Society aforesaid ; and that he, after that he shall so have been

elected and nominated, as if is aforesaid, to the office of President of

TRANSLATION OF SECOND CHARTER 87

the Royal Society aforesaid, before he be admitted to that office, shall

take a corporal oath before the Council of the same Royal Society, or

any seven or more of them, rightly, well, and faithfully to execute

that office in all things touching that office, according to the form

and effect of the aforesaid oath, mutatis mutandis (to which same

Council, or to any seven or more of them, we give and grant by these

presents for us, our heirs, and successors full power and authority to

administer the oath aforesaid from time to time, as often as it shall be

needful to elect a President); and that after having so taken such

oath, as it is aforesaid, he may be able and have power to execute the

office of President of the Royal Society aforesaid until the feast of

St. Andrew the Apostle thereafter next following ; And if it shall

happen that the President of the Royal Society for the time being, at On the Death or Amo-

any time, so long as he shall be in the office of President of the same or°i *'

Royal Society, shall die, retire, or be amoved from his office, that

then and so often it may and shall be good and lawful to the Council ™eet. to choose a

J ° President out of the

of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors for ever, or to Council : and the

any eleven or more of them, to assemble or meet for the election of fhem^or the'major
one of the aforesaid number of the Council aforesaid as President of the

Royal Society aforesaid ; and that he who shall have been elected and

sworn by the Council aforesaid, or by the aforesaid eleven or more, or another shall be

., . „,, p . , , .. • /» .j elected and sworn.

by the major part of the aforesaid eleven or more, as it is aforesaid,

may have and exercise that office during the residue of the same year,
and until another shall have been in due manner elected and sworn to
that office, first taking a corporal oath in the form above specified ;
and so as often as the case shall so happen.

And further we will, that whenever it shall happen that any one On the Death, Amo-
or any of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time any of the Council,
being shall die, or be amoved from that office, or retire (which same
[members] of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid, and every
one of them, we will to be amovable for misbehaviour or any other tf»e President, Coun-
reasonable cause, at the good pleasure of the President and of the any twenty-one or
rest of the Council aforesaid, of whom we will the President for the whom? &c.VoVthe
time being, or his Deputy, to be one, or of the major part of J^S^£w
the same), that then and so often it may and shall be good and may supply the va-

cancy from amongst

lawful to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal the Fellows ; and the
Society aforesaid, and to their successors for ever, or to any twenty-

one or more of the same (of whom we will the President of the
Royal Society aforesaid for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one),
or to the major part of the aforesaid twenty-one or more, to elected
nominate, elect, and appoint one other or several others of the
Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, in the place or places of him
or them so dead, retired, or amoved, to fill up the aforesaid number

88 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

of twenty-one per-on-. of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid;

and that he or they so elected and appointed in that office may have

the xaine office until the feast of St. Andrew the Apostle then next

following, and thenceforth until one other or several others shall

i elected, appointed, and nominated; first taking a corporal

ire the President and Council of the Royal Society aforesaid,

\ en or more of them (of whom we will the President for the

time being, or his Deputy, to be always one), well and faithfully to

ite that office in and by all things touching that office, according

to the true intention of these- presents.

And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and

ssora do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows

• f the aforesaid Royal Society, and to their successors [for ever], that

hev and their successors, or any thirty-one or more of them (of

"l 1 • TX 1

whom we will the President tor the time being, or his Deputy, to be
! \\a\s one), or the major part of the aforesaid thirty-one or more,
every year, on the aforesaid feast of St. Andrew the Apostle, may
and shall have full power and authority to elect, nominate, appoint,
and change ten of the Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, to fill
up the places and offices of ten of the aforesaid number of twenty-one
of the Council of the Royal Society aforesaid ; for we do declare it to
be our royal pleasure, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and
*Bon we do grant, that ten of the aforesaid Council, and no
more, shall be annually changed and amoved by the President,
Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid.

We will also, and for us, our heirs, and successors do grant to the

°

aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal

Society, and to their successors for ever, that if it shall happen that

Hie President, of the same Royal Society for the time being is

detained by sickness or infirmity, or is employed in the service of us,

our heirs, or lUCCetton, or is otherwise occupied, so that he shall not

be able to attend to the necessary affairs of the same Royal Society

touching the office of President, that then and so often it may and

shall l>e good and lawful to the same President so detained, employed

or occupied, to nominate and appoint one of the Council of the

Royal Society for the time being to be and become the

^ Deputy of the same President.; which same Deputy, so to be made

... and appointed in the office of Deputy of the President aforesaid, may

nd shall be the Deputy of the same President from time to tinx

be aforesaid President, shall happen to be so absent, during

Hie whole, time in which the aforesaid President shall continue in the

!<-nt ; unless in the meanwhile the aforesaid President of

tn'' ' aforesaid for the time being shall have made and

TRANSLATION OF SECOND CHARTER 89

appointed one other of the aforesaid Council his Deputy ; And that

every such Deputy of the aforesaid President so to be made and

appointed, as it is aforesaid, may be able and have power to do and

execute all and singular things which pertain or ought to pertain to The Depnty m»y, in

the office of President of the aforesaid Royal Society, or which are

limited and appointed to be done and executed by the aforesaid

President, by virtue of these our Letters Patent, from time to time, as

often as the aforesaid President shall happen to be so absent, during

such time as he shall continue the Deputy of the aforesaid President,

by force of these our Letters Patent, as fully, freely, and wholly, and

in as ample manner and form, as the aforesaid President, if he were

present, would be able and have power to do and execute those But he must a«t be

things ; a corporal oath first to be taken by such Deputy upon the couMi^oTIel'en or

holy Gospels of God, in the form and effect above specified, well and more of them.

faithfully to execute all and singular things which pertain to the

office of President, before the aforesaid Council of the aforesaid Royal

Society, or any seven or more of them ; and so often as the case shall

so happen : to which same Council, or to any seven or more of them,

for the time being, we do give and grant by these presents, power

and authority to administer the oath aforesaid, as often as the case

shall so happen, without procuring or obtaining a writ, commission,

or further warrant in that behalf from us, our heirs, or successors.

And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and sue- The Society may have
cessors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the secretaries,'two or

Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors, that they and their v

successors henceforth for ever may and shall have one Treasurer, two Clei* °F m°4re' f»J

* . two Serjeants-at-Mace

Secretaries, two or more Curators of Experiments, one Clerk or more, to attend upon the
and moreover two Serjeants-at-Mace, who may from time to time attend are to be chosen and
upon the President ; and that the aforesaid Treasurer, Secretaries, SSJcS^S?"
Curators, Clerk or Clerks, and Sergeant s-at- Mace, to be elected and Fellows, or any thirty

• o » ^ one or more of them,

nominated by the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Societv (of whom the Presi-

P ., .1 • , f ,1 / /• i MI ii" dent or his Deputy to

aforesaid, or by any thirty-one or more ot them (ot whom we will the be one,) or by the
President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), or by the major Sirty^of moCre :
part of the aforesaid thirty-one or more, before they be admitted to and they must be

* * sworu betore the

execute their special 1 and respective offices, shall take their corporal President or his De-
oaths in the form and effect above specified, before the President, or cii, or any seven or
his Deputy, and the Council of the same Royal Society, or any seven more of them-
or more of them, rightly, well, and faithfully to execute their several
and respective offices in all things touching the same ; and that after
having so taken such oaths, as it is aforesaid, they may exercise and
use their respective offices ; to which same President and Council, or
to any seven or more of them, we do give and grant by these presents
1 So in the original ; qu. several.

UKCOKD OK THK KOYAL SOCIETY

hill power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid from time

to time to the :.: -al and respective officers and their

TTn ftrrt TIMMHI successors : And we liave I, nominated, chosen, ereated.

,^J|^6 appointed, and maile. and by the*e presents tor us, our heirs, and

,n. nominate, choose, create, appoint, and make, our

beloved subjects the aforesaid William Halle. Esquire, to be and

:ne the th>t anil present Treasurer, and the aforesaid John

Wilkins and Henry Oldenburg to he and become the first and p-

d Hoval nitimied in the

x until tl id feast of St. Andrew the Apostle next

(N' ." : follow ing alter the date of these proents : And that from time to time
and at all times on t : St. Andrew the Apostle (unless

11 Iv Sunday, and if it be Sunday, then on the day next following),
- -. . u A the President. Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society
for the time K'ing, or any thirty-one or more of them (of whom we
"ill the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be or.
the • . t of the aforesaid thirty-one or more, may be able and

power to elect, nominate, and appoint upright and discreet men.

ire and shall be of the number of the Council of the 1>

' :"" v ' A~ Society afori<aid. as Tiva^urer and Secretaries, from time to time;
and that those who shall so have been elected, appointed, and <\\orn
to tl ; and re- s \said. may

aid enjoy thr tive offices

until the f St. Andixnv then next following, their

afon - it i^ afoivs^iid. first to Iv taken; ar ten as

'- •• -.-.s tlu case shall so h.appen. And if it shall happen that the aforesaid

:it. Council, Treasurer, [and] Secret a f any

JJJiJJ^^J^j^SSr1* ° ot them, cannot conveniently be made or finished on the

' _ . ; . aforesaid fea>t of St. Andrew, \\egive and grant to the aforesaid
ient,CoancU,' President, Council, and . and to their - . that

thi \ or :iny|thirty-one or more of them (of whom we will the President
^or tne tmie ^'ing, i>r his Deputy, to be one), or the major part of the

v lawfully name and assign one other day.

- M< II bo *!u feast of St. Ar.divw aforesaid as can conveniently be
•d. • . or finishing * fans; and SO

LV, until the aforesaid elections be finished: And if H
UM Pwri- happen that ,ny of the aforesaid officers of tin

tire, or Iv amoved from their

offices, that th< > often it may and shall be uood and lawful to

Roval S,

IVr-.-.tv to I* one or

tiMouuorimrtofnich an" * e or more of them

(of ^ sent for the time } his Deputy, to

be or

TRANSLATION OK SK(OM) ( HAini -;i<

<]<d and appoint another or others to the office or offices of those jwr, aad tin MW
persons so deceased, retired, or amoved ; and that he or they so elected 2?*1
and appointed may have and exercise the respective offices aforesaid
during the residue of the same year, and until another or others shall
ha\f been in due manner elected and sworn to those respective offices;

-o as often as the case shall so happen.

And moreover we will, and of our special grace and of oar certain

knowledge and mere motion do grant to the aforesaid President,

' il, arid Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their

successors for ever, that the President and Council of the aforesaid ?gjjfffy£Ly
Royal Society for the time being (due or lawful summons or citation ff>t whom tb« p«*i-
being always first made of all the Members of the Council aforesaid t» <m*\ m*ym~t fa*
to extraordinary meetings), or any nine or more of them (of whom we ^n^fZmllm^ taH
will the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), may tbfF'JJ^IJjf?£j
be able and have power both to meet together and assemble in a make L«w«, autoi
College or Hall or other convenient place within our City of London,
or in any other convenient place within ten miles of our same City ;
and that they so met together and assembled, or the major part of
them, shall and may have full authority, power, and faculty from be
time to time to draw up, constitute, ordain, make, and establish such
laws, statutes, acts, ordinances, and constitutions as shall seem to **
them, or to the major part of them, to be good, wholesome, useful,
honourable, and necessary, according to their sound discretions, for
the better government, regulation, and direction of the Royal Society
ud, and of every Member of the same, and to do and perform
all things belonging to the government, matters, goods, faculties, rents,
land-, tenements, hereditaments, and affairs of the Royal Society
aforesaid ; all and singular which laws, statutes, acts ordinances, and
constitutions so to be made as it is aforesaid, we will, and by these
presents for us, our heirs, and successors, firmly enjoining, do order
and command, that they shall be inviolably observed from time to
time, according to the tenor and effect of the same: so nevertheless,
that the aforesaid laws, statutes, acts, ordinances, and constitutions so
to be made as it is aforesaid, and every one of them, be reasonable,
and not repugnant or contrary to the laws, customs, acts, or statutes
of this our Realm of England.

And further, of our more ample special grace and of our certain
knowledge and mere motion, we have given and granted, and by these
presents for us, our heirs, and successors do give and grant to the
aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal
Society, and to their successors for ever, or to any twenty-one or
more of them (of whom we will the President for the time being, or
K-puty, to be always one), or to the major part of the aforesaid

92 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

and authorize them, twenty-one or more. lull power and authority from time to time to

I;);*;;.' lect, nominate, and appoint one or more Typographers or Printers,

and Chalcographers or Engravers, and to grant to him or them, by a

things (touching or writing sealed with the Common Seal of the aforesaid Royal Society,

,,«! signed by the- hand of the President for the time being, faculty

-; to print such tilings, matters, and affairs touching or concerning the

itoresaid Koval Society, as shall have been committed to the aforesaid

ormor- • , , , m i

Typographer or Printer, Chalcographer or Engraver, or lypograpners

>r Printers, Chaleographers or Engravers, from time to time, by the

President and Council of the aforesaid Royal Society, or any seven

or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time being,

in- v - .

• or his Deputy, to be one), or by the major part of the aforesaid seven

or more ; their corporal oaths first to be taken, before they be

admitted to exercise their offices, before the President and Council

for the time being, or any seven or more of them, in the form and

(fleet last specified ; to which same President and Council, or to any

seven or more of them, we do give and grant by these presents full

power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid.

n- And further, in order that the aforesaid President, Council, and

M't'h'm" Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society may obtain the better success

>f whom, &cO. oM in- m tiu.jr philosophical studies, of our more ample special grace and of

nine*.; i our certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given and granted,

have the same right i i . i f i • i i •

t,> dem ive and by these presents torus, our heirs, and successors do give ana

4 rant, to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the afore-

iid Royal Society, and to their successors for ever, that they and

their successors, or any nine or more of them (of whom we will the

of Physicians and the ,,.,.,. .,..,. , . ^ , , .,

IDM I resident tor the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), or the major
part of the aforesaid nine or more, may and shall have from time to
time full power and authority to require, take, and receive from time
to time, and at such seasonable times, according to their discretion,
by their assign or assigns the bodies of such persons as have suffered
death by the hand of the executioner, and to anatomize them, in as
ample manner and form, and to all intents and purposes, as the
President of the College of Physicians and the Company of Surgeons
of our City of London (by whatsoever names the two aforesaid
eorporations shall have been distinguished) have used or enjoyed, or
may he able and have power to use and enjoy, the same bodies.

And further, for the improvement of the experiments, arts, and

y nino Cr»s L

Uatai. m the aforesaid Royal Society, of our more abundant special

maj' i i- i • i " i i i

and ol our certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given

md -ranted, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do

give and -rant, to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of

aid Royal Society, and to their successors forever, that they

TRANSLATION OF SECOND ( IIAKTKK '.»:*

and their successors, or any nine or more of them (of whom we will signed by the Preci-

the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one), or the

major part of the aforesaid nine or more, may and shall have from

time to time full power and authority, by letters or (pUtlcs under in the name of the

the hand of the aforesaid President or his Deputy, in the presence of
the Council, or of any seven or more of them, and in the name of the
Royal Society, to enjoy mutual intelligence and affairs with all and
all manner of strangers and foreigners, whether private or collegiate,
corporate or politic, without any molestation, interruption, or dis-
turbance whatsoever : Provided nevertheless, that this our indulgence,
so granted as it is aforesaid, be not extended to further use than the
particular benefit and interest of the aforesaid Royal Society in
matters or things philosophical, mathematical, or mechanical.
And further we have given and granted, and by these presents for Licence given to the

,. , , . , ji /• 'j -n • President, Council,

us, our heirs, and successors do give and grant to the aforesaid Presi- and Fellows, or to the
dent, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to S^the^jo0^
their successors for ever, or to the President and Council of the Royal ^f *hem» t<Lb^ld a .

College or Colleges in

Society aforesaid, or the major part of them, full power and authority London, or within ten

to erect, build, and construct, or to make or cause to be erected,

built, or constructed, within our City of London, or ten miles of

the same, one or more College or Colleges, of whatsoever kind or

quality, for the habitation, assembly, and meeting of the aforesaid

President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and of

their successors, for the ordering and arranging of their affairs and

other matters concerning the same Royal Society.

And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and if any abuses shall

, , . ... , ..i . ,. happen, or differences

successors do ordain, constitute, and appoint, that if any abuses or arise, they shall be re-

differences hereafter shall arise and happen concerning the govern-

ment or other matters or affairs of the aforesaid Royal Society, V0** chancellor)

J J ' alone, while living ;

whereby any injury or hindrance may be done to the constitution, and after his death

L U1M. J <?4.u J« 4.1, JO" 'by the Archbishop of

stability, and progress or the studies, or to the matters and affairs, of Canterbury, the Chan-
the same ; that then and so often, by these presents, for us, our heirs, Gr^t^^r^T^*
and successors, we do authorize, nominate, assign, and appoint our JJJJJJ ^/London
aforesaid very well-beloved and very trusty Cousin and Councillor and two Principal
Edward, Earl of Clarendon, our Chancellor of our Realm of England, time being,' or any
by himself during his life, and, after his death, then the Archbishop
of Canterbury, the Chancellor or Keeper of the Great Seal of England,
the Treasurer of England, the Keeper of the Privy Seal, the Bishop
of London, and the two Principal Secretaries for the time being, or
any four or more of them, to reconcile, compose, and adjust the same
differences and abuses.

And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and General Clauses.
successors, firmly enjoining, do order and command all and singular

iU HKCOU1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

tlu- .Iiistiees. Mayors, Aldermen, Sheriffs, Bailiffs, Constables, and
other officers, ministers, and subjects whomsoever of us, our heirs, and
. that they be from time to time aiding and assistant to the
aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society afore-
said, and to their successors for ever, in and by all things, according
to the true intention of these our Letters Patent.

Although express mention of the true yearly value or of the
certainty of the premises, or of any of them, or of other gifts or
grants before these times made by us or by any of our progenitors or
predecessors to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the
Royal Society aforesaid, is not made in these presents ; or any statute,
act, ordinance, provision, proclamation, or restriction to the contrary
thereof heretofore had, made, enacted, ordained, or provided, or any
other thing, cause, or matter whatsoever, in any wise notwithstanding.

In witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made
Patent. Witness Ourself, at Westminster, the twenty-second day of
April, in the fifteenth year of our reign.

By writ of Privy Seal.

HOWARD.

CHARTA TERTIA,1

lisdem ab eodem concessa, A.D. MDCLXIX.

CABOLUS SK t NDIS, Dei gratia Angliae Scotiae Franciae et Hiber-
niae Rex, Fidei Defensor, etc., omnibus ad quos hae Literae nostrae
Patent es pervencrint, salntem.

Sciatis, quod nos de gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et
inero niotu nostris dedimus et concessimus, ac per presentes pro
nobis lieredibus et successoribus nostris damns et concedimus,
diledis et h'delibus nostris Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis
Societal N Londini pro Scientia naturali promovenda, et succes-
soribus suis in perpetuum, Totam illam peciam terrae arabilis
• <is in vocataiii Tenmshot t , contineiitem per aestimationem viginti acras,
jacenteni inter viani nostram ducentem a Westmonasterio versus
Clulscy <\ partr boreali et occidentali, et peciam prati contineiitem
i« •slimationem (juatuor acras, parcellam octodecim acrarum prati
nupcr in tenura Comitis Nottinghamiae vel assignatortnn suoruni, ex
partc aiistrali, ae clatisum prati vocatum Stony Bridge Close ex parte

' Tin- warrant for this Charter is preserved among the State Papers. It is
1607.

CHART A TERTIA 95

oriental!, et peciam terrae arabilis nuper in occupation!- Tliomae
Evans vel assignatorum suorum ex parte occidentali, per particulare
inde mentionatam esse annualis redditus sive valoris vi^inti trium
solidorum et quatuor denariorum ; Necnon totum illud praedictuin
clausum prati vocatum Stony Bridge Close, continent per aestima-
tionem quatuor acras, nuper in occupatione Johannis Deakes vel
assignatorum suorum, jacens inter rivum vocatum le Common :-
ex parte orientali, et praedictam peciam terrae vocatam Teamshott
ex parte occidentali, et pontem vocatum Stony Bridge ex parte
boreali, per particulare inde mentionatum esse annualis redditus
sive valoris viginti solidorum ; Necnon totam illam unam peciam
terrae arabilis in communi campo vocato East Field, continentem
per aestimationem tres acras, nuper in occupatione Thomae Frances
vel assignatorum suorum, jacentem inter praedictam peciam terrae
vocatam Teamshott ex parte orientali, peciam terrae arabilis nuper
in tenura Comitis Lincolniae vel assignatorum suorum ex parte
occidentali, parcellam prati de Earles Court land ex parte australi,
et viam nostram ducentem a Westmonasterio versus Chelsey prae-
dictam ex parte boreali et occidentali, per particulare inde men-
tionatam esse annualis redditus sive valoris quatuor solidorum ;
(quae quidem praemissa sunt aut olim fuerunt parcella terrae
nostrae in Chelsey, existentis parcellae terrae Dominicalis Manerii
de Chelsey praedicta, ac nuper fuerunt parcella possessionum
Johannis, nuper Ducis Northumbriae, et quae nuper per prae-
charissimum avum nostrum beatae memoriae Jacobum Regem per
Literas suas Patentes, gerentes datum apud Westmonasterium,
octavo die Maii, anno regni sui Angliae octavo et Scotiae quadra-
gesimo tertio, concessa fuerunt aut mentionata esse concessa Prae-
posito et Sociis Collegii Regis Jacobi in Chelsey prope London,
ex fundatione ejusdem Jacobi, Regis Angliae, et successoribus suis
in perpetuum, tenenda de praefato Jacobo Rege, ut de Manerio
suo de East Greenwich, in comitatu Cantiae, per fidelitatem tantum,
in libero et communi soccagio, et non in capite, nee per servitium
militare ;) Ac etiam omnia et singula domus aedificia structures
boscos subboscos arbores, ac totam terram fundum et solum eorundem
boscorum subboscorum et arborum, ac omnia alia jura jurisdictiones
franchesias privilegia libertates proficua commoditates advantagia
emolumenta et hereditamenta nostra quaecunque, cum eorum perti-
nentiis universis, cujuscunque sint generis naturae seu speciei, seu
quibuscunque nominibus sciantur censeantur nuncupentur seu
cognoscantur, situata jacentia et existentia, provenientia crescentia
renovantia sive emergentia, infra comitatum villas campos loca sive
hameletta praedicta, vel alibi ubicunque, praedictis terris et caeteris

<N> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

praemissis vel alicui inde parcellae quoquo modo spectantia; Necnon
vMonem ft rcversiones omnium et Eongulorum praemissorum
-iiperius per presentes praeconcessoruin, et cujuslibet inde parcellae,
depcndentes vel expectantcs de in vel super aliquam dimissionem
vel comvssionem pro termino vel terminis vitae vel vitarum vel
annorum, aut aliter, de praemissis superius per presentes prae-
roncessis sou de aliqua inde parcella qiioquo modo factam, existentem
de reeordo vel non de reeordo; Necnon oinnia et singula redditus
.nmiialia proficua quaccunqiie ivservata super quibuscunque
diniissionil)us vel concessionibus de et super praemissis per pre-
M-ntes praeconccssis, vel de et super aliqua inde parcella.

Dedimus etiam et eoneessinius, ac per presentes pro nobis heredi-
bus et successoribus nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis Praesidi
Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis Londini pro scientia natu-
rali promovenda, et successoribus suis in perpetuum, quod ipsi et
( on nn successores de caetero in perpetuum habeant teneant et gau-
deant, ac habere tenere et gaudere valeant et possint, infra prae-
missa superius per presentes praeconcessa, ac infra quamlibet inde
parcellam, tot tanta talia eadem hujusmodi et consimilia jura juris-
dictiones libertates franchesias consuetudines privilegia proficua
c-ommoditates advantagia emolumenta et hereditamenta quaecun-
que, quot quanta qualia et quae, ac adeo plene libere et integre,
ac in tain aniplis modo et forma, prout praedictus Johannes, nuper
Dux Northumbriae, aut praedictus Praepositus et Socii Collegii
Hegis Jacobi in Chelsey prope London, ex fundatione ejusdem
Jut-obi, Regis Angliae, aut aliquis alius sive aliqui alii, praedicta
terras tenementa et caetera praemissa cum suis pertinentiis, aut
aliquam inde parcellam, unquam antehac habentes possidentes aut
-< i^ti inde existentes, habens possidens aut seisitus inde existens,
unquam habuerunt tenuerunt usi vel gavisi fuerunt, habuit tenuit
usus vel gavisus fuit, seu habere tenere uti vel gaudere debuerunt
aut debuit, in praemissis superius per presentes praeconcessis, aut
aliqua inde parcella, ratione vel praetextu alicujus chartae doni
< oneessionis vel confirmation is per nos seu aliquem progenitorum
\« 1 antecessorum nostrorum, nuper Regum vel Reginarum Angliae,
hac habitae factae vel concessae seu confirmatae, aut ratione
vel praetextu alicujus Actus Parliamenti vel aliquorum Actuum
Parlianienioruni, aut ratione vel praetextu alicujus legitimae prae-
>< -riptionis UMI^ M-U eonsuetudinis antehac habitae seu usitatae, aut
aliter, quorunque U-gali modo jure seu titulo ; ac adeo plene libere
et int.e^iv, a< in Lam aniplis modo et forma, prout nos aut aliquis
progenitorum vel antecessorum nostrorum, nuper Regum vel Regi-
nanini AiigHae, praedicta terras tenementa et caetera praemissa.

I'l.XM l\

From an engraving in Smith's ' Historical and Liter;, i-y
Curiosities'. London, 1845

CHARTA TERTIA 97

aut aliquam inde parcellam, habuimus et gavisi fuimus aut habuerunt
et gavisi fuerunt, sen habere et gaudere debuimus aut habere et
gaudere debuerunt aut debuit.

Damus ulterius, ac per presentes pro nobis heri-dibus et successor! -
bus nostris concedimus, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus
Regalis Societatis Londini pro scientia naturali promovenda, et eorum
successoribus, omnia et singula praemissa superius per presentes
praeconcessa, cum eorum pertinentiis universis, adeo plene libere et
integre, ac in tarn amplis modo et forma, prout ea omnia et singula
praemissa, aut aliqua inde parcella, ad manus nostras, sen ad manus
aliquorum progenitorum vel antecessorum nostrorum, nuper Regum
vel Reginarum Angliae, ratione vel praetextu dissolutions vel sursum
redditionis alicujus nuper monasterii prioratus sive hospitalis, aut
ratione vel praetextu alicujus Actus Parliament! vel aliquorum Actuum
Parliamentorum, aut ratione alicujus attincturae sive forisfacturae,
aut ratione alicujus excambii vel perquisiti, aut alicujus doni vel con-
cessionis, aut ratione eschaetae, aut quocunque alio legali modo jure seu
titulo, devenerunt seu devenire debuerunt, ac in manibus nostris jam
existunt seu existere debent vel debuerunt.

HABEXDUM tenendum et gaudendum praedicta terras tenementa et Tenure,
hereditamenta, ac caetera omnia et singula praemissa superius per
presentes praeconcessa, cum eorum pertinentiis universis, praefatis
Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis Londini pro scientia
naturali promovenda, et successoribus suis in perpetuum ; Tenendum
de nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris, ut de Manerio nostro de
East Greenwich, in comitatu nostro Cantiae, per fidelitatem tantum,
in libero et communi soccagio, et non in capite, nee per servitium
militare ; Ac reddendo annuatim nobis heredibus et successoribus Kent,
nostris de et pro praedicta terra arabili vocata Teamshott viginti tres
solidos et quatuor denarios, ac de et pro praedicto clause prati vocato
Stony Bridge Close viginti solidos, ac de et pro praedicta pecia terrae
arabilis in communi campo vocato East Field quatuor solidos, legalis
monetae Angliae, ad festa Sancti Michaelis Archangeli et Annuncia-
tionis beatae Mariae Virginis, ad Receptam Scaccarii nostri West-
monasterii heredum et successorum nostrorum, seu ad manus Balli-
vorum seu Receptorum praemissorum pro tempore existentium, per
aequales portiones annuatim solvendos in perpetuum.

Et ulterius de uberiori gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et Exonerations, acquit-
mero motu nostris volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et
successoribus nostris concedimus praefatis Presidi Concilio et Sodalibus
Regalis Societatis praedictae, et successoribus suis, quod nos heredes
et successores nostri de caetero in perpetuum annuatim, et de tempore
' impus, exonerabimus acquietabimus et indempnes conservabiinus

98 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

tain praetatos IVaesidem Concilium et Sodales Regalis Societatis
praedictae. i-t sin. Mios, quam praedicta terras tenementa et

ra oini n'a et singula praenrissa superius expressa et specificata ac
per pn -M 'iites praeconcessa, et {juanilibet inde parcellam, cum eorum
pertinentiis universis, deet ab omnibus et omnimodis corrodiis redditi-
bus f'eodis servitiis annuitatibuspensionibus portionibus ac denariorum
siiniinis ac- oneribus quibuscuDque de praemissis seu aliqua inde parcella
nobis heredilms vel successpribus nostris exeuntibus vel solvendis, vel
Miperinde versus nos hcredes vel successores nostros oneratis vel one-
randis ; praeterquam de redditibus servitiis et tenuris superius in his
prcsentibiis nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris reservatis, ac
praetenjiiain de dimissionibus et concessionibus de praemissis seu de
aliqua inde parcella antehac factis, ac conventionibus et conditioni-
bus in eisdein existentibus, ac conventionibus etoneribus, quaealiquis
lirinarius seu aliqui iirmarii praemissorum ratione indenturarum et
dimissionum suarum facere et exonerare tenetur seu tenentur.

Volumus etiam, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successori-
bus nostris firmiter injungendo praecipimus tarn Commissionariis pro
Thesauro nostro, Thesaurario, Camerario, Subthesaurario, et Baroni-
bus Scaccarii nostri heredum et successorum nostrorum pro tempore
existentibus, quam omnibus et singulis Auditoribus et aliis officiariis et
ministris nostris heredum et successorum nostrorum quibuscunque pro
t ei n pore existentibus, quod ipsi et eorum quilibet, super solam deinon-
strationem harum Literarum nostrarum Patentium, vel Irrotulamenti
eanmdeni, abscjue alicjtio alio brevi seu warranto a nobis heredibus
vel successoribus nostris quoquo modo impetrando seu prosequendo,
plenam integram debitamque allocationem et exonerationem mani-
ii de et ab omnibus et omnimodis hujusmodi corrodiis redditibus
feodis pensionibus portionibus et denariorum sumniis ac oneribus
(jiiibusc-uiKjue (praeterquam de servitiis redditibus tenuris ac arreragiis
i-edditus ac caeteris praemissis in his praesentibus, ut praefertur,
r.MTvatis. et per praefatos Praesidem Concilium et Sodales Kegalis
Soeietatis j>raedictae et successores suos solubilibus fiendis1 seu per-
f'oniiandisjdi- praemissis per presentes praeconcessis, seu de aliqua inde
\el parcella, nobis heredibus vel successoribus nostris exeuntibus
• Ivendis, vel sujK-rinde versus nos heredes vel successores nostros
oneratis sen onerandis, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis
Soeietati> praedietae et Miceessorilms suis facient, et de tempore in teni-
]>us fieri caiisabunt; Et hae Literae nostrae Patentes, vel Irrotulamen-
tuni earnndeiu, eriint de tempore in tern pus tarn dictis Commissionariis
pioTlK-auro nosti-o, Thesaurario, Cancellario,2 et Baronibus Scaccarii
i lieredinn et succesMinim nostrorum pro tempore existentibus,

" ; sec above.

CHARTA TERTIA 99

qunm omnibus ct singulis Auditoribus, et aliis officiariis et mini
nostris heredum et successorum nostrorum quibuscunque pro tempore
exist 1'iitibus, suffieiens warrantum et exoncraHo in liac parte.

Et cum nos per Literals nostras Patentes, gercntes datum apud West- Recital of some part*

IT •!• • • i • of the Second Charter

monastenum, vicesimo secimdo die Apnlis, anno regm nostn decnno
quinto, Praesidi Concilioet Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae f».
inter alia concessimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae
Regalis Societatis, et successoribus suis in perpetuum, quod si contigerit
Pracsidem ejusdem Regalis Societatis pro tempore existentem aegritu-
dine vel infirmitate detineri, vel in servitio nostro heredum vel successo-
rum nostrorum versari, vel aliter esse occupatum, ita quod necessariis
negotiis ejusdem Regalis Societatis officium Praesidis tangentibus
attendere non poterit ; quod tune et toties bene liceat et licebit eidem
Praesidi sic detento versato vel occupato unum de Concilio praedictae
Regalis Societatis pro tempore existente, fore et esse Deputatum
ejusdem Praesidis, nominare et appunctuare ; qui quidem Deputatus, in
officio Deputati Praesidis praedicti sic faciendus et constituendus, sit et
esset Deputatus ejusdem Praesidis de tempore in tempus, toties quoties
praedictus Praeses sic abesse contigerit, durante toto tempore, quo prae-
dictus Praeses in officio Praesidis continuaverit, nisi interim praedictus
Praeses Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existens unum alium
de praedicto Concilio ejus Deputatum fecerit et constituerit ; Et quod
quilibet hujusmodi Deputatus praedicti Praesidis, sic ut praefertur
faciendus et constituendus, omnia et singula quae ad officium Praesidis
praedictae Regalis Societatis pertinent seu pertinere debent, vel per
praedictum Praesidem virtute istarum Literarum nostrarum Patentium
Hmitata et appunctuata fore l facienda et exequenda, de tempore in
tempus, toties quoties praedictus Praeses sic abesse contigerit, durante
tali tempore, quo Deputatus praedicti Praesidis continuaverit, facere
et exequi valeat et possit, vigore istarum Literarum nostrarum
Patentium, adeo plene libere et integre, ac in tarn amplis modo et
forma, prout Praeses praedictus, si praesens esset, ilia facere et exequi
valeat et possit ; sacramento corporali super sancta Dei Evangelia, in
forma et eflfectu in eisdem Literis nostris Patentibus specificatis, per
hujusmodi Deputatum, ad omnia et singula quae ad officium Praesidis
pertinent bene et fideliter exequenda, coram praefato Concilio prae-
dictae Regalis Societatis vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum,
prius praestando ; et sic toties quoties casus sic accident ; cui quidem
Concilio, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum pro tempore existen-
tibus, sacramentum praedictum administrare potestatem et authori-
tatem, quoties casus sic accident, dedimus et concessimus per easdem
Literas nostras Patentes, absque brevi commissione sive ulteriori

1 Sic.
H2

100 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

\vurranto in ea parte ;i nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris procu-
rando sen obtinendo ; Ac quod ipsi et successores eorum, sen aliqui
novem vel pin res eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem,
vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus), conventus seu con-
iliones de seipsis pro experimentorum et rerum naturalium cogni-
tione et indagine, aliisque negotiis ad Societatem praedictam spectan-
tibus, quoties et quando opus fuerit, licite facere et habere possint
in collegio sive aula sive alio loco commodo intra Civitatem nostram
London, vel in aliquo alio loco commodo intra decem milliaria ab
eadem Civitate nostra.

it takes notice that Et cum di versa et varia res potestates libertates et privilegia in
ir_ eisdem Literis nostris Patentibus praefatis Praesidi Concilio Sodalibus

i.oexe- He<>-alis Societatis praedictae concessa, virtute istarum Literarum

j f • i f
"i- nostram in Paten tium, non sunt exercenda iacienda periormanda seu

rtvuonHat * n> exequenda, nisi per praedictos Praesidem et Concilium aut aliquos
septem vel plures eorum ; Et cum ulterius per praedictas Literas
nostras Paten tes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris dedimus
et concessimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae
Regalis Societatis, et successoribus suis in perpetuum, sive aliquibus
viginti et uni vel pluribus eorum (quorum Praesidem pro tempore
existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus), seu
majori parti praedictorum viginti et unius vel plurium, plenam
potestatem et authoritatem de tempore in tempus eligendi nominandi
et constituendi unum vel plures Typographos sive Impressores, et
Chalcographos seu Sculptores, et ipsi vel ipsis, per scriptum Communi
Sigillo praedictae Regalis Societatis sigillatum, et manu Praesidis pro
tempore existentis signatum, facultatem concedendi, ut imprimant
tales res materias et negotia praedictam Regalem Societatem tangentes
vel concernentes, quales praedictis Typographo vel Impressori, Chalco-
grapho vel Sculptori, vel Typographis vel Impressoribus, Chalcogra[)his
vel Sculptoribus, de tempore in tempus per Praesidem et Concilium
praedictae Regalis Societatis, vel aliquos septem vel plures eorum
(quorum Praesidem pro tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum,
unum esse volumus), vel per majorem partem praedictorum septem
vel plurium commissae fnerint ; sacramentis suis corporalibus, antequam
ad oflicia sna exercenda adrnittantur, coram Praeside et Concilio
pro tempore existentibus, vel aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum,
priiis praestandit; eui quidcm Praesidi et Concilio, vel aliquibus
M'j)tein vel j)luribus eorum pro tempore existentibus, sacramenta prae-
dieta adininistrare plenam potestatem et authoritatem dedimus et
rom-es-simus per praedictas Literas nostras Patentes ; prout in eisdem
I.iteris nostris I'atentibus, relatione inde habita, plenius liquet et
vret:

CHARTA TERTIA 101

Nos,de abundantiori gratia nostra speciali ac ex certa scientia et mero Thi« Charter direct*
in otu nostris, dedimus et comv*simus,ac per presentes pro nobisheredi-
bus et successoribus nostris damus et concedimus, praefatis Praesidi
Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae Regalis Societatis, ft laooeHOribm suis one or more <*!»«*«
in perpetuum, quod de caetero in perpetuum, si contigerit Praesidem
ejusdcm Regalis Societatis pro tempore existentem aegritudine vel in-
firmitate detineri, vel in servitio nostro heredum vel successorum no-
strorum versari, vel aliter esse occupatum, ita quod necessariis negotiis
ejusdem Regalis Societatis officium Praesidis tangentibus attendere non
poterit ; quod tune et toties bene liceat et licebit eidam Praesidi sic
detento versato vel occupato unum de Concilio praedictae Regalis Socie-
tatis pro tempore existente, fore et esse Deputatum ejusdem Praesidis,
nominare et appunctuare ; qui quidem Deputatus, in officio Deputati
Praesidis praedicti sic faciendus et constituendus, sit et erit Deputatus
ejusdem Praesidis de tempore in tempus, toties quoties praedictus
Praeses sic abesse contigerit, durante toto tempore, quo praedictus
Praeses in officio Praesidis continuaverit, etiamsi interim Praeses
Regalis Societatis praedictae pro tempore existens unum alium vel
plures alios de praedicto Concilio ejus Deputatum et Deputatos
fecerit et constituerit ; cui quidem Praesidi pro tempore existenti duos And it gives him ex-
vel plures de praedicto Concilio ejus Deputatos ipso et eodem tempore £TJ/SJr« Deputies!
facere et constituere potestatem et authoritatem, quoties ei placuerit, oSe andhthe°8a^ at
damus et concedimus per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successo- time ; who mfty. each

. . . .of them, do the same

ribus nostris; Et quod quilibet hujusmodi Deputatus et Deputati Acts in his absence, as

-,. ,. „ . -,. f , £ . j. ... ,. . he himself could do if

praedicti Praesidis, sic ut praeiertur laciendi et constituendi, omnia present.

et singula quae ad officium Praesidis praedictae Regalis Societatis

pertinent seu pertinere debent, vel per praedictum Praesidem virtute

praedictarum Literarum nostrarum Patentium, vel presentium, limitata

et appunctuata fore l facienda et exequenda, de tempore in tempus,

toties quoties praedictus Praeses sic abesse contigerit, durante tali

tempore, quo Deputatus et Deputati praedicti Praesidis continuaverit et

continuaverint, facere et exequi valeat et possint, valeant et possint,

vigore harum Literarum nostrarum Patentium, adeo plene libere et in-

tegre, ac in tarn amplis modo et forma, prout Praeses praedictus, si prae-

sens esset, ilia facere et exequi valeret et posset ; sacramento corporal! But they must first be

super sancta Dei Evangelia, in forma et effectu in eisdem Literis nostris council, or five or

Patentibus specificatis, per hujusmodi Deputatum et Deputatos, ad "»<>«» of them.

omnia et singula quae ad officium Praesidis pertinent bene et fideliter

exequenda, coram praefato Concilio praedictae Regalis Societatis, vel

aliquibus quinque 2 vel pluribus eorum, prius praestando ; et sic toties

quoties casus sic acciderit : cui quidem Concilio, vel aliquibus quinque

1 >Vr.

2 N.B.— The Oaths of Obedience and Supremacy require seven ; see further on.

IOL> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

vel plurihus eormn pro tempore existentibus, sacramentum praedictum
administrare potestatem et authoritatem, quoties casus sic accident,
damns t-t eoncedhmis per presentes, absque brevi commissione sive
ulterior! warranto in ea parte a nobis heredibus et successoribus
nostris procurando sen obtinendo;

Ac ultcrius, quod de caetero in perpetuum ipsi et successores

eorum, seu aliqui novem vcl plures eorum (quorum Praesidem pro

r^0^1^"1 tempore existentem, vel ejus Deputatum, semper unum esse volumus),

onventus sen eongregationes de seipsis pro experimentorum et reruin

l •? i. • J • V- i" J O • J.

re naturalium cognitione et indagme, aliisque negotns ad bocietatem
j)raedietam spectantibus, quoties et quando opus fuerit, licite facere
et hahere possint in collegio sive aula sive alio loco commodo intra
llcgnuin nostrum Angliae ;

AH iv.. ii Ac ulterius, quod omnia et singula res potestates libertates et

:;;;1 pnvilegia in praedictis Literis nostris Patentibus praefatis Praesidi

i Conn- Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae concessa, virtute

ieven or more of

•rthe istarum Literarum nostrarum Patentmm, quae non sunt exercenda

^and y facicnda performanda seu exequenda, nisi per praedictum Praesidem

;.r;my-/"*or et Concilium, aut aliquos septem vel plures eorum, de caetero in per-

petimm exerceri fieri performari seu exequi possint et valeant per

praedictos Praesidem et Concilium, aut aliquos quinque vel plures

eorum.

luturc, the Ac ulterius de uberiori gratia nostra dedimus et concessimus, ac

per presentes pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris damus et

onredimus, praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus praedictae

Mt Uciralis Societatis, et successoribus suis in perpetuum, quod de caetero
"uHit! ing. r r « v a • , 4.-

in perpetuum bene liceat et licebit Praesidi Regalis Societatis

j)rac-dietae pro tempore existenti, de tempore in tempus, eligere
inminare et constituere aliquem vel aliquos Typographum sive

irft Inij)ressorem, Tvpoifraphos sive Impressores. et Chalcoffraphum

V? i
^•u Sculptorem, Chalcographos seu Sculptores, et ipsi vel ipsis

; icultatc in eoneedere, ut imprimant tales res materias et negotia
pracdictam Ucgalcm Societatem tangentes vel concernentes, quales
prai'dirlis Tyj)ographo vel Impressori, Chalcographo seu Sculptori,
vd Typo^-rapliis vel Inipressoribus, Chalcographis vel Sculptoribus,
dc tcmpore in temjms per Praesidem et Concilium praedictae Regalis

t.iti-, vcl aliquos (juiiHjiie vel plures eorum ((luorum Praesidem
pro tcnipoi-c cxistciitcin, vcl ejus Deputatum, unum esse volumus), vel

majorem ))ar»cm pracdietorum quinque vel plurium, commissae

t'uerint ; sacranicntis suis corporalibus, antequam ad officia sua

i i •, .
enda admittantur, c-oram Praeside et Concilio pro tempore

• ntc. vcl aliquibus (jiiiiujue vel plurilnis eorum, prius prae-
dil ; c» -ic totics (jiioties casus sic accident: cui quidem Praesidi

CHARTA TERTIA 103

et Concilio pro tempore existcntibus, vcl aliqiribus quinqiio vcl pluri-
bus eorum, sacramenta praedicta adininistrare plenain potestatem et
authoritatem damns et concedimus per presentes.

Et ulterius volumus, ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus et General confirmatory
siurrssoribus nostris concedimus praefatis Praesidi Concilio et
Sodalibus Regalis Societatis praedictae, et successoribus suis, quod
hae Literae nostrae Patentes, vel Irrotulamentum earundem, stabunt
et erunt in omnibus et per omnia bonae firmae validae sufficientes et
effectuales in lege ad omnes respectus proposita construction e> < t
intentiones erga et contra nos heredes et successores nostros, tarn in
omnibus Curiis nostris, quam alibi intra Regnurn nostrum Angliae,
absque aliquibus confirmationibus licentiis vel tolerationibus de nobis
heredibus vel successoribus nostris quoquo modo in posterum pro-
curandis aut obtinendis :

Non obstante male nominando vel male recitando aut non recitando
praedicta terras tenementa et caetera praemissa, vel aliquam inde
parcellam ; Et non obstante non inveniendo officium aut inquisitionem
praemissorum, aut alicujus inde parcellae, per quae titulus noster
inveniri debuit, ante confectionem harum Literarum nostrarum
Patentium ; Et non obstante male recitando vel non recitando
aliquam dimissionem vel concessionem de praemissis vel de aliqua
inde parcella factam, existentem de recordo vel non de recordo ; Et
non obstante male nominando vel non nominando aliquam villam
hamelettum parochiam locum vel comitatum, in quibus praemissa vel
aliqua inde parcella existunt vel existit ; Et non obstante, quod de
nobis1 tenentium firmariorum sive occupatorum praemissorum, vel
alicujus inde parcellae, plena vera et certa non fit mentio ; Et non
obstantibus aliquibus defectibus de certitudine vel computatione aut
declaratione veri annui valoris praemissorum, aut alicujus inde
parcellae, aut annualis redditus reservati de et super praemissis, vel
de et super aliqua inde parcella, in his Literis nostris Patentibus
expressis et contentis; Et non obstante Statute in Parliamento
Domini Henrici, nuper Regis Angliae Sexti, progenitoris nostri, anno
regni sui decimo octavo, facto et edito ; Et non obstante 2 aliquibus
aliis defectibus, in non certe nominando naturam genus speciei2
quantitatem aut qualitatem praemissorum, aut alicujus inde parcellae ;
Et non obstante Statute de terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam
non ponendis, aut aliquo alio statuto actu ordinatione proclamation
provisione sive restrictione in contrarium inde antehac habito facto
edito ordinato seu proviso, in aliquo non obstante: SALVO tamen
Andreae Cole, Armigero, et omnibus aliis personis quibuscunque,

1 Error for nominibm ; so also in the Patent Roll.

2 Sic.

104 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

pniftfrquam nos heredes et successores nostros, tali jure clameo l
intfi-fssf ft (k-manda quaecunque, quale ipse vel ipsi seu eorum
aliquis habft sou habeant,2 aut de jure habere debent, de et in
prai-mi^MN. >i'ti alicjua parte vel parcella inde.

The PI. Et ultcrius volumus, et per presentes pro nobis heredibus et

•'rikethT8 siuvi^soribiis nostris ordinamus ct firmiter injungendo praecipimus,

t^ae0a0thofs^mao)1 (lu<)(^ I'1'-'1*-'*1-'* Societatis praedictae pro tempore existens, et Deputati

jus, antfmiam ipsi aut eorum aliqui ad executionem officii illius

tevenor in, J .

dmittantur, tarn sacramentum corporale commumter vocatum 1 he
Oath of Obedience, quam sacramentum corporale commumter vocatum
The Oath of Supremacy, super sacrosanctis Dei Evangeliis praesta-
bunt, et eorum quilibet praestabit, coram Concilio ejusdem Societatis,
aut ali(|iiibus septem 3 vel pluribus eorum : cui quidem Concilio, aut
aliquibus septem vel pluribus eorum, sacramenta praedicta admin istrare
pro nobis heredibus et successoribus nostris plenam potestatem et
authoritatem de tempore in ternpus, quotiescunque opus fuerit, damus
et concedimus per presentes.

Proviso semper, et voluntas et intentio nostra regia est, quod terrae
et praemissa praedicta per presentes, ut praefertur, concessa, seu
eorum aliqua, non alienabuntur vel vendentur alicui personae sive
aliquibus personis quibuscunque ; aliquo in presentibus contento in
contrarium inde non obstante.

Eo quod expressa mentio de vero valore annuo vel de certitudine
praemissorum sive eorum alicujus, aut de aliisdonis sive concessionibus
per nos seu per aliquem progenitorum sive praedecessorum nostrorum
praefatis Praesidi Concilio et Sodalibus Regalis Societatis de London,
ft mcceaaoribufl suis, ante haec tempora factis, in presentibus minime
fact a fxistit ; aut aliquo statute actu ordinatione provisione pro-
clamatione sive restrictione in contrarium inde antehac habito facto
fdito ordinato sive proviso, aut aliqua alia re causa vel materia
quac-tinque, in aliquo non obstante.

In cujtis rei testimonium has Literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes.
i Me ij)^o, apud Westmonasterium, octavo die Aprilis, anno
i nostri viccsiino primo.

Per breve de Privato Sigillo.

PlGOTT.4

: &C., in the ( 'li;irt«T and in the Roll.

.

3 N. li. Tin. ( );itli of ( >m<-<> may be taken before five only ; see before.

4 Thi- ( liartcr is on tbrrr skins of vellum. 'I'hc first skin contains an engraved
portrait of Char!*'* II. very niucli inferior in execution to those in the preceding
( 'ha:

105

Translation of Third Charter, granting Chelsea College
and further Privileges, A. n. 1669.

Charles the Second, by the grace of God, King of England,
Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., to all to
whom these our Letters Patent shall come, greeting.

Know ye that we, of our special grace and of our certain knowledge
and mere motion, have given and granted, and by these presents for
us, our heirs, and successors do give and grant, to our beloved and
trusty the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of
London for promoting Natural Knowledge, and to their successors for
ever, All that piece of arable land called Teamshott, containing by Grant of Lands in
estimation twenty acres, lying between our highway leading from CI
Westminster to Chelsey on the north and west side, and a piece of
meadow, containing by estimation four acres, parcel of eighteen acres
of meadow, late in the tenure of the Earl of Nottingham or his assigns,
on the south side, and a close of meadow called Stony Bridge Close on
the east side, and a piece of arable land, late in the occupation of
Thomas Evans or his assigns, on the west side, by the particular
thereof mentioned to be of the yearly rent or value of twenty-three
shillings and four pence ; And also all that the aforesaid close of
meadow called Stony Bridge Close, containing by estimation four acres,
late in the occupation of John Deakes or his assigns, lying between the
stream called the Common Sewer on the east side, and the aforesaid
piece of land called Teamshott on the west side, and the bridge called
Stony Bridge on the north side, by the particular thereof mentioned
to be of the yearly rent or value of twenty shillings ; And also all that
one piece of arable land in the common field called East Field,
containing by estimation three acres, late in the occupation of Thomas
Frances or his assigns, lying between the aforesaid piece of land called
Teamshott on the east side, a piece of arable land, late in the tenure
of the Earl of Lincoln or his assigns, on the west side, a parcel of
meadow of Earles Court land on the south side, and our highway
leading from Westminster to Chelsey aforesaid on the north and west
side, by the particular thereof mentioned to be of the yearly rent or
value of four shillings ; (which same premises are, or formerly were,
parcel of our land in Chelsey, being parcel of the Demesne land of the
Manor of Chelsey aforesaid, and lately were parcel of the possessions
of John, late Duke of Northumberland ; and which lately by our very
dear grandfather, of blessed memory, King James, by his Letters
Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the eighth day of May, in the
year of his reign of England the eighth, and of Scotland the forty-third,

!<)<; HECOHD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

were granted, or mentioned to be granted, to the Provost and Fellows
of tlu- College of Kin»; .Tumi's in Chelsey, near London, of the founda-
tion of the- same James, King of England, and to their successors for
e\er. to hold of the aforesaid King James, as of his Manor of East
(m-enwich. in the County of Kent, by fealty only, in free and common
Kicage, and not in chief, nor by Knight service;) And also all and
singular houses, buildings, structures, woods, underwoods, trees, and
all the land, ground, and soil of the same woods, underwoods, and
trees, and all other our rights, jurisdictions, franchises, privileges,
liberties, profits, commodities, advantages, emoluments, and heredita-
ments whatsoever, with all their appurtenances, of whatsoever kind,
nature, or sort they may be, or by whatsoever names they may be
known, deemed, called, or recognized, situate, lying, and being, issuing,
)\ving, renewing, or arising, within the county, towns, fields, places,
or hamlets aforesaid, or elsewhere wheresoever, to the aforesaid lands
and other the premises, or to any parcel thereof, in any manner
belonging ; And also the reversion and reversions of all and singular
the premises above by these presents before granted, and of every
parcel thereof, dependent or expectant of, in, or upon any demise or
grant for term or terms of life or lives or years, or otherwise, made of
the premises above by these presents before granted, or of any parcel
thereof, in any manner, being of record or not of record ; And also all
and singular the rents and yearly profits whatsoever, reserved upon
whatsoever demises or grants of and upon the premises by these
presents before granted, or of and upon any parcel thereof.

Adedptent Clauses. \Ve have also given and granted, and by these presents for us, our

heirs, and successors do give and grant to the aforesaid President,
Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for promoting
Natural Knowledge, and to their successors for ever, that they and
their successors henceforth for ever may have, hold, and enjoy, and
may be able and have power to have, hold, and enjoy, within the
premie* above by these presents before granted, and within every
pared thereof, as many, as great, such, the same, like, and similar
rights, jurisdictions, liberties, franchises, customs, privileges, profits,
Mimodities, advantages, emoluments, and hereditaments whatsoever,
and which, and as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as ample
manner and form, as t he aforesaid John, late Duke of Northumberland,
or the aforesaid Provost and Ivllows of the College of King James in
CheUex. near London, of the foundation of the same James, King of
England, or an\ other person or persons ever heretofore having or
pOMCMing the aforesaid lands, tenements, and other the premises, with
their appurtenances, or any parcel thereof, or being seised thereof, ever
had, held, used, or enjoyed, or ought to have had, held, used, or

TRANSLATION OF THIRD CHARTER 107

enjoyed, in the premises above by these presents before granted or in
any parcel thereof, by reason or pretext of any charter of gift, grant,
or confirmation by us or by any of our progenitors or ancestors, late
Kings or Queens of England, heretofore had, made, or granted, or
confirmed, or by reason or pretext of any Act of Parliament or of
any Acts of Parliaments, or by reason or pretext of any lawful
prescription, use, or custom heretofore had or used, or otherwise, by
whatsoever lawful means, right, or title ; and as fully, freely, and
wholly, and in as ample manner and form, as we or any of our
progenitors or ancestors, late Kings or Queens of England, had and
enjoyed, or ought to have had and enjoyed, the aforesaid lands, tene-
ments, and other the premises or any parcel thereof.

We give further, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and suc-
cessors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of
the Royal Society of London for promoting Natural Knowledge, and
to their successors, all and singular the premises above by these
presents before granted, with all their appurtenances, as fully, freely,
and wholly, and in as ample manner and form, as all and singular
those premises or any parcel thereof came or ought to have come to
our hands, or to the hands of any of our progenitors or ancestors, late
Kings or Queens of England, by reason or pretext of the dissolution
or surrender of any late monastery, priory, or hospital, or by reason
or pretext of any Act of Parliament or of any Acts of Parliaments, or
by reason of any attainder or forfeiture, or by reason of any exchange
or purchase, or of any gift or grant, or by reason of escheat, or by
whatsoever other lawful means, right, or title, and now are, or ought
to be, in our hands.

To HAVE, hold, and enjoy the aforesaid lands, tenements, and Tenure,
hereditaments, and all and singular other the premises above by these
presents before granted, with all their appurtenances, to the aforesaid
President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for
promoting Natural Knowledge, and to their successors for ever ; To
hold of us, our heirs, and successors, as of our Manor of East
Greenwich, in our county of Kent, by fealty only, in free and common
socage, and not in chief, nor by Knight service ; And rendering yearly
to us, our heirs, and successors of and for the aforesaid arable land Rent,
called Teamshott twenty-three shillings and four pence, and of and
for the aforesaid close of meadow called Stony Bridge Close twenty
shillings, and of and for the aforesaid piece of arable land in the
common field called East Field four shillings, of lawful money of
England, at the feasts of Saint Michael the Archangel and the Annun-
ciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, at the Receipt of the Exchequer
at Westminster for us, our heirs, and successors, or to the hands of

108 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

the Bailiffs or Receivers of the premises for the time being, by equal
portions yearly to be paid for ever.

rations, acquit- And further, of our more abundant special grace and of our certain
knowledge and mere motion, we will, and by these presents for us,
our heirs, and successors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, .
and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors,
that \\e, our heirs, and successors henceforth forever yearly and from
time to time will discharge, acquit, and save harmless as well the
aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society afore-
-aid and their successors, as the aforesaid lands, tenements, and other
all and singular the premises above expressed and specified, and by
these- presents before granted, and every parcel thereof, with all their
appurtenances, of and from all and all manner of corrodies, rents, fees,
•vires, annuities, pensions, portions, and sums of money, and charges
whatsoever from the premises or from any parcel thereof to us, our
heirs, or successors issuing or to be paid, or thereupon towards us,
our heirs, or successors charged or to be charged; except from the
rents, services, and tenures above in these presents to us, our heirs,
and Mirressors reserved, and except from demises and grants of the
premises or of any parcel thereof heretofore made, and the covenants
and conditions being in the same, and the covenants and charges
which any farmer or farmers of the premises by reason of his or their
indentures and demises is or are bound to do and discharge.

We will also, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors,
firmly enjoining, do command as well the Commissioners for our
Treasury, the Treasurer, Chamberlain, Under-Treasurer, and Barons
of the Exchequer of us, our heirs, and successors for the time being,
as all and singular Auditors and other officers and ministers of us,
our heirs, and successors whomsoever for the time being, that they
and each of them, upon the mere showing of these our Letters
I'atent, or of the Enrolment of the same, without any other writ or
warrant from us, our heirs, or successors in any manner to be sued
out 01- prosecuted, shall make and from time to time shall cause to be
made to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal
ton-aid and their successors full, whole, and due allowance
and manif'ot discharge of and from all and all manner of such cor-
rodi<-. rents, fees, pensions, portions, and sums of money, and charges
"'ha* \cept from the services, rents, tenures, and arrears of

rent and other the premises in these presents reserved, as it is afore-
! by thr. al'oioaid President, Council, and Fellows of the
1 Sorirt \ i and their successors payable, to be done, or

to be performed) from the premises by these presents before granted,
or from any part or parrel thereof, to us, our heirs, or successors

TRANSLATION OF THIRD CHARTER 109

issuing or to be paid, or thereupon towards us, our heirs, or suc-
cessors charged or to be charged ; And these our Letters Patent, or
the Enrolment of the same, shall be from time to time, as well to the
said Commissioners for our Treasury, the Treasurer, Chancellor,1 and
Barons of the Exchequer of us, our heirs, and successors, for the time
being, as to all and singular Auditors and other officers and ministers
of us, our heirs, and successors whomsoever for the time being, a
sufficient warrant and discharge in this behalf.

And whereas we, by our Letters Patent bearing date at West- Recital of gomeparta
minster, the twenty-second day of April, in the fifteenth year of ol
our reign, made to the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal
Society aforesaid, among other things, granted to the aforesaid
President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and
to their successors for ever, that if it shall happen that the President
of the same Royal Society for the time being is detained by sickness
or infirmity, or is employed in the service of us, our heirs, or suc-
cessors, or is otherwise occupied, so that he cannot attend to the
necessary affairs of the same Royal Society touching the office of
President, that then and so often it may and shall be good and
lawful to the same President, so being detained, employed, or occu-
pied, to nominate and appoint one of the Council of the afore-
said Royal Society for the time being to be and become the Deputy
of the same President ; which same Deputy, so to be made and
appointed in the office of Deputy of the President aforesaid, may
and should be the Deputy of the same President from time to time,
as often as it shall happen that the aforesaid President is so absent,
during the whole time in which the aforesaid President shall con-
tinue in the office of President, unless in the meanwhile the afore-
said President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being
shall have made and appointed one other of the aforesaid Council
his Deputy ; And that every such Deputy of the aforesaid President
so to be made and appointed, as it is aforesaid, may be able and have
power to do and execute all and singular things which pertain or
ought to pertain to the office of President of the aforesaid Royal
Society, or which are limited and appointed to be done and executed
by the aforesaid President by virtue of those our Letters Patent,
from time to time, as often as it shall happen that the aforesaid
President is so absent, during such time as the Deputy of the afore-
said President shall continue, by force of those our Letters Patent,
as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as ample manner and form, as
the President aforesaid, if he were present, may be able and have
power to do and execute the same ; a corporal oath first to be taken

1 ' Chamberlain,' &c., above.

108 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

the Bailiff's or Receivers of the premises for the time being, by equal
portions Yearly to be paid for ever.

rations, acquit- And further, of our more abundant special grace and of our certain
and mere motion, we will, and by these presents for us,

our heirs, and sueeessors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, .
and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, and to their successors,
that \ve, our heirs, and successors henceforth forever yearly and from
time to time will discharge, acquit, and save harmless as well the
aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society afore-
-aid and their successors, as the aforesaid lands, tenements, and other
all and singular the premises above expressed and specified, and by
thc>e presents before granted, and every parcel thereof, with all their
appurtenances, of and from all and all manner of corrodies, rents, fees,

••vires, annuities, pensions, portions, and sums of money, and charges
whatsoever from the premises or from any parcel thereof to us, our
heirs, or successors issuing or to be paid, or thereupon towards us,
our heirs, or successors charged or to be charged; except from the
rents, services, and tenures above in these presents to us, our heirs,
and successors reserved, and except from demises and grants of the
premises or of any parcel thereof heretofore made, and the covenants
and conditions being in the same, and the covenants and charges
which any farmer or farmers of the premises by reason of his or their
indentures and demises is or are bound to do and discharge.

We will also, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors,
firmly enjoining, do command as well the Commissioners for our
Treasury, the Treasurer, Chamberlain, Under-Treasurer, and Barons
of the Exchequer of us, our heirs, and successors for the time being,
as all and singular Auditors and other officers and ministers of us,
our heirs, and successors whomsoever for the time being, that they
and each of them, upon the mere showing of these our Letters
ut, or of the Enrolment of the same, without any other writ or
u arrant from us, our heirs, or successors in any manner to be sued
out or prosecuted, shall make and from time to time shall cause to be
made to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal
t\ a fore-aid and their successors full, whole, and due allowance
and manifest discharge of and from all and all manner of such cor-
rodie-. i tut-, f»-r-s, pensions, portions, and sums of money, and charges
uhaKor\rr (except from the services, rents, tenures, and arrears of
rent and other the premises in these presents reserved, as it is afore-
i by the. aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the
Uo\al Society atoroaid and their successors payable, to be done, or
to be performed) from the premises by these presents before granted,
or from any part or parrel thereof, to us, our heirs, or successors

TRANSLATION OF THIRD CHARTER !<)',>

issuing or to be paid, or thereupon towards us, our heirs, or suc-
cessors charged or to be charged ; And these our Letters Patent, or
the Enrolment of the same, shall be from time to time, as well to the
said Commissioners for our Treasury, the Treasurer, Chancellor,1 and
Barons of the Exchequer of us, our heirs, and successors, for the time
being, as to all and singular Auditors and other officers and ministers
of us, our heirs, and successors whomsoever for the time being, a
sufficient warrant and discharge in this behalf.

And whereas we, by our Letters Patent bearing date at West- Recital of some part*
minster, the twenty-second day of April, in the fifteenth year of °
our reign, made to the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal
Society aforesaid, among other things, granted to the aforesaid
President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid Royal Society, and
to their successors for ever, that if it shall happen that the President
of the same Royal Society for the time being is detained by sickness
or infirmity, or is employed in the service of us, our heirs, or suc-
cessors, or is otherwise occupied, so that he cannot attend to the
necessary affairs of the same Royal Society touching the office of
President, that then and so often it may and shall be good and
lawful to the same President, so being detained, employed, or occu-
pied, to nominate and appoint one of the Council of the afore-
said Royal Society for the time being to be and become the Deputy
of the same President ; which same Deputy, so to be made and
appointed in the office of Deputy of the President aforesaid, may
and should be the Deputy of the same President from time to time,
as often as it shall happen that the aforesaid President is so absent,
during the whole time in which the aforesaid President shall con-
tinue in the office of President, unless in the meanwhile the afore-
said President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being
shall have made and appointed one other of the aforesaid Council
his Deputy ; And that every such Deputy of the aforesaid President
so to be made and appointed, as it is aforesaid, may be able and have
power to do and execute all and singular things which pertain or
ought to pertain to the office of President of the aforesaid Royal
Society, or which are limited and appointed to be done and executed
by the aforesaid President by virtue of those our Letters Patent,
from time to time, as often as it shall happen that the aforesaid
President is so absent, during such time as the Deputy of the afore-
said President shall continue, by force of those our Letters Patent,
as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as ample manner and form, as
the President aforesaid, if he were present, may be able and have
power to do and execute the same ; a corporal oath first to be taken

1 ( Chamberlain,' &c., above.

110 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

upon tin- holv Gospels of God, in the form and effect in our same
' tf cut specified, by such Deputy, well and faithfully to execute
all ,-md singular tilings which pertain to the office of President, before
the aforesaid Council of the aforesaid Royal Society, or any seven or
more of them ; and so as often as the case shall so happen ; to which
same Council, or to any seven or more of them, for the time being,
ive and granted, by our same Letters Patent, power and authority
to administer the oath aforesaid, as often as the case shall so happen,
without procuring or obtaining a writ, commission, or further warrant
in that behalf from us, our heirs, and successors ; And that they and
their successors, or any nine or more of them (of whom we will the
President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be always one), may
lawfully be able to make and have assemblies and meetings of them-
selves for the examination and investigation of experiments and of
natural things, and for other affairs belonging to the Society afore-
said, as often as and whenever it shall be needful, in a College or Hall
or other convenient place within our City of London, or in any other
convenient place within ten miles from our same City : And whereas
ethat divers and various matters, powers, liberties, and privileges granted
JJJS?! ar_ in our same Letters Patent to the aforesaid President, Council, and

Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, by virtue of those our Letters
indi, or Patent, are not to be exercised, done, performed, or executed, unless

ra, , ., f . , ., . , j n •! i?j.i_

fhnt by the aforesaid President and Council, or any seven or more of them :
And whereas further, by our aforesaid Letters Patent, for us, our
heirs, and successors we gave and granted to the aforesaid President
and Council of the aforesaid Royal Society, and to their successors
tor ever, or to any twenty-one or more of them (of whom we will the
President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be always one), or to
the major part of the aforesaid twenty-one or more, full power and
authority from time to time to elect, nominate, and appoint one or
more Typographers or Printers, and Chalcographers or Engravers,
and to grant to him or them, by a writing sealed with the Common
1 of the aforesaid Royal Society, and signed by the hand of the
President for the time being, faculty to print such things, matters,
and affairs touching or concerning the aforesaid Royal Society as
'11 be committed to the aforesaid Typographer or Printer, Chal-
irapher or Kngraver, or Typographers or Printers, Chalcographers
"i I 'in time to time, by the President and Council of the

aforesaid Royal Society, or any seven or more of them (of whom we
will the President for the time being, or his Deputy, to be one),
or by the major part of the aforesaid seven or more; their corporal
oaths to be first taken, before they be admitted to exercise their
«'fi' ' the President and Council for the time being, or any

TRANSLATION OF THIRD CHARTER 111

seven or more of them ; to which same President and Council, or to
any seven or more of them for the time bi'ing, we gave and granted by
our aforesaid Letters Patent full power and authority to administer
the oaths aforesaid ; as in our same Letters Patent, reference being
had thereto, it is more fully shown and appears :

We, of our more abundant special grace and of our certain Thig Charter direct*
.,, , .-1 • j .1 it that the President'*

knowledge and mere motion, have given and granted, and by Deputy shall continue

these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do give and grant, S^^nt1£7ppo£t

to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the aforesaid one or more others :

Royal Society, and to their successors for ever, that from henceforth

for ever if it shall happen that the President of the same Royal

Society for the time being is detained by sickness or infirmity, or is

employed in the service of us, our heirs, or successors, or is otherwise

occupied, so that he cannot attend to the necessary affairs of the

same Royal Society touching the office of President ; that then and

so often it may and shall be good and lawful to the same President,

so being detained, employed, or occupied, to nominate and appoint

one of the Council of the aforesaid Royal Society for the time being

to be and become the Deputy of the same President ; which same

Deputy, so to be made and appointed in the office of Deputy of the

President aforesaid, may and shall be the Deputy of the same President

from time to time, as often as it shall happen that the aforesaid

President is so absent, during the whole time in which the aforesaid

President shall continue in the office of President, even though in the

meanwhile the President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time

being shall have made and appointed one other or several others of

the aforesaid Council his Deputy and Deputies ; to which same

President for the time being we give and grant by these presents for And it gives him ex-

•,.•, i . i • . 1-1 press power to appoint

us, our heirs, and successors power and authority to make and appoint two or more Deputies,
two or more of the aforesaid Council his Deputies, at one and the S^SSSS'"*
same time, as often as it shall please him : And that every such tim£ ; wh° ***&* each

' t * J m of them, do the same

Deputy and Deputies of the aforesaid President, so as it is aforesaid acts in his absence, as

to be made and appointed, may be able and have power to do and present.

execute all and singular things which pertain or ought to pertain to

the office of President of the aforesaid Royal Society, or which are

limited and appointed to be done and executed by the aforesaid

President by virtue of our aforesaid Letters Patent or of these

presents, from time to time, as often as it shall happen that the

aforesaid President is so absent, during such time as the Deputy and

Deputies of the aforesaid President shall continue, by force of these

our Letters Patent, as fully, freely, and wholly, and in as ample

manner and form, as the President aforesaid, if he were present, would

be able and have power to do and execute the same ; a corporal oath

11-J RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

to IK first taken upon the holy Gospels of God, in the form and effect
in our same Letters Patent specified, by such Deputy and Deputies,
well and faithfully to execute all and singular things which pertain
to the office of President, before the aforesaid Council of the aforesaid
Koval Society, or any five or more of them ; and so as often as the
shall so happen: to which same Council, or to any five or more
of them for the time being, we give and grant by these presents power
and authority to administer the oath aforesaid, as often as the case
shall so happen, without procuring or obtaining a writ, commission,
or further warrant in that behalf from us, our heirs, and successors:

And further, that henceforth for ever they and their successors, or

11 v nine or more of them (of whom we will the President for the time

•ring, or his Deputy, to be always one), maybe able lawfully to make

issemblies or meetings of themselves for the examination

AMnufi-s'aiiywhmj all(l investigation of experiments and of natural things, and other
affairs belonging to the Society aforesaid, as often as and whenever it
shall be needful, in a College or Hall or other convenient place within
our Realm of England :

AIIP..U ,,ii And further, that all and singular things, powers, liberties, and

.,;;;' privileges in our aforesaid Letters Patent granted to the aforesaid

! 'resident, Council, and Fellows of the Royal Society aforesaid, by

irtue of those our Letters Patent, which are not to be exercised, done,

performed, or executed save by the aforesaid President and Council,

'r or any seven or more of them ; henceforth for ever may and shall be

able to be exercised, done, performed, or executed by the aforesaid

President and Council, or any five or more of them.

Forth. And further, of our more abundant grace, we have given and

.ranted, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and successors do
J\e and grant, to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of

•aid Royal Society, and to their successors for ever, that

,ng * »*

forth for ever it may and shall be good and lawful to the

President of the Royal Society aforesaid for the time being, from

ime to time, to elect, nominate, and appoint any Typographer or

Printer, Typographers or Printers, and Chalcographer or Engraver,

.pliers or Engravers, and to grant to him or them faculty to

l in.- .

them» i, print such things, matters, and affairs touching or concerning the

aforesaid Royal Society as shall be committed to the aforesaid
Topographer or Printer, Chalco^rapher or Engraver, or Typographers
or Print. TS, ( 'lulco^raphers or Kngnivers, from time to time, by the
and Council of the aforesaid Royal Society, or any five or
moiv of them (of whom we will the President for the time being, or
his Deputy, to be one), or by the major part of the aforesaid five or
more; their corporal oaths to be first taken, before they be admitted

I'l \ 1 1 \

SIR HANS SLOANE
From a painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller, in the possession of the Royal Society

TRANSLATION OF THIRD CHARTKR 113

to exercise their offices, before the President and Council for tin Him- n.oy miut be a»i
being, or any five or more of them ; and so as often as the case shall 5I£S JSd oowicif *or
so happen : to which same President and Council for the time being, ftny./ft*or mor
or to any five or more of them, we give and grant by these presents
full power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid.

And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and rieneni confirmatory
successors do grant to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows
of the Royal Society aforesaid and to their successors, that these our
Letters Patent, or the Enrolment of the same, shall stand and be in
and by all things good, firm, valid, sufficient, and effectual in law, to
all respects, purposes, constructions, and intents, towards and against
us, our heirs, and successors, as well in all our Courts as elsewhere
within our realm of England, without any confirmations, licences, or
tolerations from us, our heirs, or successors in any manner hereafter
to be procured or obtained :

Notwithstanding the badly naming or badly reciting, or not
reciting, the aforesaid lands, tenements, and other the premises or
any parcel thereof; And notwithstanding the not finding an office or
inquisition of the premises or of any parcel thereof, whereby our title
ought to have been found before the making of these our Letters
Patent ; And notwithstanding the badly reciting, or not reciting, any
demise or grant made of the premises or of any parcel thereof, being
of record or not of record ; And notwithstanding the badly naming
or not naming any town, hamlet, parish, place, or county in which
the premises or any parcel thereof are or is ; And notwithstanding
that full, true, and certain mention is not made of the names of the
tenants, farmers, or occupiers of the premises or of any parcel thereof ;
And notwithstanding any defects of the certainty, or computation, or
declaration of the true yearly value of the premises or of any parcel
thereof, or of the yearly rent reserved of and upon the premises, or of
and upon any parcel thereof, in these our Letters Patent expressed
and contained ; And notwithstanding the Statute made and enacted
in the Parliament of the Lord Henry the Sixth, late King of
England, our progenitor, in the eighteenth year of his reign ; And
notwithstanding any other defects in not certainly naming the nature,
kind, sort, quantity, or quality of the premises or of any parcel
thereof; And notwithstanding the Statute concerning the not
putting of lands and tenements to mortmain, or any statute, act,
ordinance, proclamation, provision, or restriction to the contrary
thereof heretofore had, made, enacted, ordained, or provided, in
anywise notwithstanding: SAVING, nevertheless, to Andrew Cole,
Esquire, and to all other persons whomsoever, other than us, our heirs,
and successors, such right, claim, interest, and demand whatsoever,

I

114 HKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

aa lu- or they or any one of them has or may have, or of right ought
to have, of and in the premises or any part or parcel thereof.

And fnrt.luT we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs, and

, . , p ' ... , j ,1 , ,1

do ordain, and firmly enjoining do command, that the

President of tin- Society aforesaid for the time being, and his
1 )( -nut ies, lu-foiv lu- or any of them be admitted to the execution of that

i . or seven or *

ofiice, shall take, and each of them shall take, as well the corporal
oath, commonly called the Oath of Allegiance, as the corporal oath,
commonly called the Oath of Supremacy, upon the holy Gospels of
God, before the Council of the same Society, or any seven or more of
them : to which same Councillor to any seven or more of them, we
give and grant by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors,
full power and authority to administer the oaths aforesaid from time
to time, whensoever it shall be needful.

Provided always, and our Royal will and intention is, that the
lands and premises aforesaid granted by these presents, as it is
aforesaid, or any of them, shall not be alienated or sold to any person
or persons whomsoever ; anything in these presents contained to the
contrary thereof notwithstanding.

Although express mention of the true yearly value or of the
certainty of the premises or of any of them, or of other gifts or
grants before these times made, by us or by any of our progenitors
or predecessors to the aforesaid President, Council, and Fellows of the
Koy.-d Society of London, and to their successors, is not made in
these presents ; or any statute, act, ordinance, provision, proclamation,
or restriction to the contrary thereof heretofore had, made, enacted,
ordained, or provided, or any other thing, cause, or matter whatsoever,
in anywise notwithstanding.

In witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made
Patent. Witness Ourself, at Westminster, the eighth day of April,
in the twenty-first year of our reign.

By writ of Privy Seal.

PIGOTT.
NOTE.

An enrolment at the Record Office, of which the following is ;m abstract,
to King Charle^ II the three Closes granted by the third Charter.
< W /,•«//, 33 r/,,,.v. //, part 3, Xo. 3.

(In Knglish.)
Indenture, 1! Feb.. :\\ (has. II, H5H1[- i»], between the King's most excellen

•voftl ne part, and the President , Council . and I-'ellows of the Royal

.) of the other part ; whereby (for 1,300/.) the latter bargain and sell
to the former ' All that piece of arable land railed 'I Vamshott ', iVr. , ' all that
.;e-aid ( lo-e of ineado\v called Slonebridge Close,' A.T. , ' and also all that one
piece of arable land in a common field called Kastfeild ,' tVrc., which were grante
by the King to the Society by letters patent }', April, 21 ('has. II.

115

A LICENSE for purchasing in MORTMAIN to the yearly
value of One Thousand Pounds, granted to the Pre-
sident, Council, and Fellows of the ROYAL Sonny
of London, by King GEORGE the FIRST, in the year
MDCCXXV.1

* GEORGE by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and
Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, etc., to all to whom these
presents shall come, greeting. WHEREAS our trusty and well-beloved
the President, Council, and Fellows, of the Royal Society of our City
of London for improving natural knowledge, have by their Petition
humbly represented unto us, that our late Royal Predecessor, King
Charles the Second, by Letters Patents,2 bearing date the Two-and-
twentieth day of April, in the Fifteenth year of his reign, did ordain
constitute and appoint the said Royal Society of London for improving
natural knowledge, and did thereby grant them Licence to purchase
in Mortmain ; that since the grant of the said Letters Patents,
several well-disposed Persons have devised and granted to the
Petitioners, and their successors, divers lands and hereditaments, and
given several sums of money to them, for the use of the said corpora-
tion ; that the Petitioners being desirous to invest the same money in
the most durable manner, for the improvement of the said corporation,
have most humbly prayed us to grant to them our Royal Licence to
hold and enjoy the lands and hereditaments, which have been devised
and granted to them ; to purchase hold and enjoy to them, and their
successors for ever, for the use and benefit of the said corporation,
such manors, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, as they shall think
fit to purchase, or shall receive by will, or any deed of conveyance, not
exceeding the yearly value of One thousand pounds : We are graciously
pleased to grant their request. KNOW YE therefore, that we, of our
especial grace certain knowledge and meer motion, HAVE given and
granted, and by these presents for us our heirs and successors DO give
and grant, unto the President, Council, and Fellows of the Royal
Society of our city of London for improving natural knowledge afore-
said, and their successors, our especial Licence, full power, and lawful
find absolute authority, to hold and enjoy the lands and hereditaments,
which have been already devised or granted to the said corporation,
as aforesaid ; and also to purchase acquire take hold and receive in

1 Reprinted from Weld's ' History of the Royal Society'.

2 So in the Original.

I 2

n<; RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Mortmain, in perpetuity or otherwise, to or to the use of or in trust
for them or their successors, for the use and benefit of the said
corporation, from any person or persons, bodies politic and corporate,
their heirs and successors respectively, such manors lands tenements
rents or hereditaments, as they shall think fit to purchase, or shall

i- by writ, or any deed of conveyance, not exceeding the yearly
value of One thousand pounds above all charges and reprizes. AND
we do hereby also for us our heirs and successors give and grant our
e-pecial Licence, full power, and lawful and absolute authority, to any
person or persons, bodies politic or corporate, their heirs and successors

t i\ elv, to grant, alien, sell* convey, and dispose of in Mortmain, in
perpetuity or otherwise, to or to the use of or in trust for the President
Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of our city of London for im-
proving natural knowledge aforesaid, and their successors, any manors
lands tenements rents or hereditaments whatsoever, not exceeding the
yearly value of One thousand pounds. AND LASTLY, we do hereby, for
us our heirs and successors, grant unto the President Council and Fellows
of the Royal Society of our City of London for improving natural know-
ledge aforesaid, and their successors, that these our Letters Patents,
or the Inrollment or Exemplification thereof, shall be in and by all
things good firm valid sufficient and effectual in the law, according to
the true intent and meaning thereof; NOTWITHSTANDING the not rightly
naming or describing any of the manors lands tenements rents or here-
ditaments already devised or granted to the said corporation, or to be
granted devised aliened or disposed of in Mortmain to them, and their
successors, in fee or otherwise, as aforesaid : or any other omission im-
perfection defect matter cause or thing whatsoever to the contrary there-
of in anywise notwithstanding. IN WITNESS whereof we have caused

our Letters to be made Patents. WITNESS Ourself at Westmin-
ster, the Seventeenth day of December, in the Eleventh year of our
reign.

4 By writ of Privy Seal.

* COCKS;

CHAPTER III

THE STATUTES OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
I. THE ORIGINAL STATUTES ENACTED IN 1663

CHAP. I — Of the making and repealing of Lawn.

I. FOR the making of any Law or Statute of the Royal Society, the draught
thereof shall be read in Council, and put to the vote, on two several days of
their Meeting. The first day the question to be resolved by vote shall be to
;his effect, viz. ' Whether the draught of the said Statute, then agreed upon,
shall be read at another Meeting ? ' The second day the question shall be to
;his effect, ivV;. ' Whether the draught of the said Statute, then agreed upon,
shall pass for a Law, or not ? '

II. For the repealing of any Law or Statute, or any part thereof, the Repeal
shall be propounded and voted in Council, on two several days of their Meeting.
Ihe first day the question to be resolved by vote shall be to this effect, viz.
' Whether the Repeal of such a Statute, or such part thereof, shall be pro-
pounded at another Meeting ? ' The second day the question shall be to this
effect, viz. ' Whether such a Statute, or such part thereof, shall be repealed
)r not?' And in case the said Repeal be agreed unto, the same shall be
recorded in the Journal-book of the Council ; and the Statute, or part of the
Statute repealed, shall be cancelled in the Statute-books.

CHAP. II — Of the Obligation to be subscribed.

EVERY Fellow of the Society, and every person elected a Fellow thereof,
>hall subscribe the Obligation in these words following : —

HV, who have hereunto subscribed, do hereby promise each for himself } that
•;r icill endeavour to promote the good of the Royal Society of London for
mproving natural knowledge, and to pursue the ends for which the same was
Bounded; that we will be present at the Meetings of tJie Society, as often as
"onveniently we can, especially at the Anniversary Elections, and upon extraor-
dinary occasions ; and that we will observe the Statutes and Orders of the said
Society. Provided, that whensoever any of us shall signify to the President,
under his hand, that he desireth to withdraw from the Society, he shall be free
frmn this Obligation for the future.

And if any Fellow shall refuse to subscribe the said Obligation, he shall be
ejected out of the Society. And if any person elected shall refuse to subscribe
the same, the election of the said person shall be void ; neither shall any person
refusing to subscribe be admitted, or registered among the Fellows of the Society.

118 KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

CM \ I-. Ill — Of the Pin/mcnts by the Fellows to the Society.

I. F\ i KV JH i>on admitted a Fellow of the Society shall, on the day of hi:
admission, pav to the use of the Society the sum of Forty shillings, foi
admi-^ion-monev. And if any such person shall refuse, or fail to pay the saic
sum. hi> election and admission shall be void; except the said sum be remittee
in whole, or in part, by special order of the Council.

II. E\ erv Fellow of the Society shall pay One shilling by the week, toward;
the charges of experiments, and other expences of the Society, so long as he shal
continue a Fellow thereof: which continuance shall be accounted from tlw
time of his admission, until such time as he shall signify to the President
under his hand, that he desireth to withdraw from the Society ; or until, upoi
any other account, he shall cease to be a Fellow thereof. And if any Fellov
shall refuse to pay according to the rate aforesaid, he shall be ejected out o
the Society ; except the said Payment be remitted in whole, or in part, bj
special order of the Council.

III. For the more convenient receiving and collecting the contribution ol
One shilling by the week, to be paid by every Fellow toward the charges o
experiments, and other expences of the Society, the same, amounting to Fiffy
two shillings by the year, shall be paid quarterly by equal portions, viz. h}
Thirteen shillings at a time for one whole quarter ; and proportionably foi
a part of a quarter, by any person admitted after the beginning, or withdraw-
ing from the Society before the end of any quarter of the year.

IV. The days, upon which the quarterly Payments of the contributions o
One shilling by the week to the Society shall become due, shall be the Twenty-
third day of September, the Twenty-third day of December, the Twenty-fiftl

t March, and the Twenty-fourth day of June.

\ . Fvery Fellow of the Society shall upon each of the weekly Meetings.

that shall fall upon the days for the quarterly Payments, or upon the first,

iid, or third Wednesdays next after each of the said days, bring or sent;

in to the Treasurer, or his Deputy, his quarterly contribution of Thirteen

shilling, or such proportion of it as shall be due. And if any Fellow shall

fail to bring or send in, as aforesaid (being not dispensed withal, as to the sai<i

•nont, by special order of the Council), he shall be liable to ejection out of

th.- So. irty : upon which the Council shall proceed, as they shall see cause.

IV— Of the Ordinary Meetings of tlie Society.

I. Tm. ordinary Meetings of the Society shall be weekly, upon Wednesday,
beginning about three of the clock in the afternoon, and continuing until six :
unle» tli, m.-.jor part of the Fellows present shall, for that time, resolve to

later. And no Fellow shall depart, without giving notice to
the President.

II. When the President taketh the Chair, the rest of the Fellows shall place
tnn -l.ilv, and conveniently for the business of the Meeting; ;m<

ORIGINAL STATUTES OF !(;<;:* n<>

those persons, that are not of (lie Society, shall withdraw : Excepting, that it
shall be free for any of his Majesty's MibjirU of Kn-l,ui<l. Scotland, or Ireland.
having the title and place of a Baron, or having any higher title and place,
or any of his Majesty's Privy Council of any of his three kingdom-, and for
any foreigner of eminent repute, with the allowance of the President, to stay for
that time ; and that it shall be free for any other person, upon leave obtained
of the President and Fellows present, or the; major part of them, to stay for
that time. And the name of every person permitted to stay, of any person
that moved for him, and the allowance, shall be entered in the Journal-book-.

III. When any Fellow speaketh, he shall address his speech to the Presi-
dent, and be uncovered, and the rest shall be silent.

IV. When two or more offer to speak together, the President shall determine
which of them shall speak first.

V. The business of the Society in their ordinary Meetings shall be, to order,
take account, consider, and discourse of philosophical experiments and obser-
vations ; to read, hear, and discourse upon letters, reports, and other papers,
containing philosophical matters ; as also to view, and discourse upon, rarities
of nature and art: and thereupon to consider, what may be deduced from
them, or any of them ; and how far they, or any of them, may be improved for
use or discovery.

CHAP. V — Of Experiments ', and the Reports thereof.

I. No Experiment shall be made at the charge of the Society, but by order
of the Society or Council.

II. In order to the propounding and making of Experiments for the Society,
consideration shall be had of the importance of any Experiment, to the dis-
covery of any truth or axiom in nature, or to the use and benefit of mankind.

III. Two or more Curators shall be appointed (if it may consist with
convenience) of every Experiment, or natural Observation, that cannot
conveniently be made in the presence of the Society. Which Curators, or any
two or more of them, shall (as soon as conveniently may be) meet together at
time and place 1 by them agreed on, to make the said Experiment or Observa-
tion ; and also shall jointly draw up the Report of the matter of fact, in every
such Experiment or Observation ; or if any difference shall happen between them
in their apprehensions thereabout, the same shall be related in the Report.

IV. In all Reports of Experiments to be brought into the Society, the
matter of fact shall be barely stated, without any prefaces, apologies, or
rhetorical flourishes ; and entered so in the Register-book, by order of the
Society. And if any Fellow shall think fit to suggest any conjecture, con-
cerning the causes of the phaenomena in such Experiments, the same shall be
done apart; and so entered into the Register-book, if the Society shall order
the entry thereof.

1 So in the Original.

li>() HECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

CHAP. VI- — Of the Klcctlon ami Admission of Fellows.

I. I'M KV person to be elected Fellow of the Society shall first, at one
Meeting, he propounded as a Candidate, in order to Election ; and after, at
sonu- other Meeting (whereat there shall be present a competent number for
making Elections) shall be propounded, and put to the vote for Election:

;>ting, that it shall be free for every one of his Majesty's subjects ot
England. Scotland, or Ireland, having the title and place of a Baron, or having
anv higher title and place, and every one of his Majesty's Privy Council of any
of the said kingdoms, to be propounded, and put to the vote for Election, on
tin same day, there being present a competent number for making Elections.

II. Every Fellow, that is to propound any person as a Candidate, in order
to Election, shall, before the said person be propounded, make known unto
him the effect of the obligation to be subscribed, and the sum that is to be
paid for admission-money, and the rate of the constant payment for the
occasions of the Society ; and also, at the propounding of the said person,
shall satisfy the company that he hath informed him accordingly, and that
thereupon it is the desire of the said person to be of the Society.

III. The name of every person propounded as a Candidate, in order to
Election for a Fellow of the Society, together with the name of the Fellow
proposing, shall be entered in the Journal-book.

IV. In the Election of any person for a Fellow of the Society, the votes
shall be taken by way of ballot.

\ . Every person, elected a Fellow, shall appear for his admission at some
ordinary Meeting of the Society, which shall be within four weeks after his Elec-
t ion ; or within such further time as shall be granted by the Society or Council,
upon cause shewed to either of them. Otherwise his Election shall be void.

VI. The Admission of any Fellow of the Society shall beat some Meeting
thereof, in manner and form following : The President, taking him by the
hand, -hall say these words,

/ do by the authority, and in the name of the Royal Society of London for
improving natural knowledge, admit you a Fellow thereof.

VII. The Election and Admission of every person into the Society, with
the time thereof, shall be recorded in the Journal-book.

(HAP. Ml— Of the Election of the Council and Officers.

I. A i the two ordinary Meetings of the Society, which shall be within the
fifteen day- next preceding the day of the Anniversary Elections, the President
shall give notice of the said Elections; and declare how much it import cth
<><>d of the Society, that such persons may be chosen into the Council, .-is
are most likely to attend the Meetings and business of the Council, out of
"•hom there may be made the best choice of the President and other Officers.

n- 'How of the Society, in Or near London, shall be called to the

Anniversary Meetings, tor electing the Council and Officers for the year en suing,

ORIGINAL STATUTES OF !<><;:* ii>i

by particular summons signed by the President; which summons >\m\\ be
delivered to every such person, or left at his house or lodging, a week at the
least before the said day, together with printed lists of the names of the
Fellows of the Society. And the said Munitions shall be to this effect : —

These are to give notice, that on tlie day of being

the Council and Officer* of the Royal Society are to be elected for the //////•
ensuing , at which Election your presence is expected, at of the r/oc/,-

in the

III. For the Anniversary Election of the Council (which is to consist of
eleven Members of the present Council, to be continued for the year next
ensuing ; and ten of the Fellows, not being Members of the Council, to be
added to them) there shall be a competent number of lists printed of all the
Fellows of the Society (excepting all the Members of the present Council) in
an alphabetical older; and a competent number of the like lists of all the
Members of the present Council ; both which lists shall be distributed to all
the Fellows of the Society, summoned to the Anniversary Election.

IV. For the Election of the eleven Members of the present Council, to be
continued for the year next ensuing, every Fellow shall on the printed list
of the present Council, by a line drawn under each name, to the number of
eleven and no more, signify the persons to whom he giveth his suffrage for
their continuance, as aforesaid ; and closing up the said list shall deliver it in
to >ome person appointed to collect and receive the same.

V. All the lists being thus collected, one of the Secretaries shall open them
one by one, and in the first place shall take notice of the number of the names
distinguished, as is before prescribed, in each list (which if it be above eleven
in any, the same list shall be laid aside, and no notice taken of the suffrages
therein) and shall recite every name so distinguished ; and the other Secretary
shall, in a list for that purpose, note how often every several name is recited ;
and each of the Secretaries shall be assisted by a Scrutator, to be drawn by
lot by the President. This done, the Secretaries and Scrutators shall sum up
the suffrages, according to the notes affixed to every name : or in case of the
absence of one or both the Secretaries, one or two Scrutators more (to be in
like manner drawn by lot) shall supply their places ; whereof two shall be em-
ployed in the perusal of the lists, and recitation of the names, and the other
two in the noting of the names recited, as is before prescribed.

VI. After the noting and summing up of the votes, the Secretaries, or
Scrutators, shall recite all the names of the present Council having any votes
upon the present scrutiny, with the number of the votes to every name ; to
the end, that all the persons carrying the major part of the votes may be
known to be thus elected, if they be not more in number than eleven. But if
the persons, having the majority of votes, be more than eleven, he or they
(that have fewest suffrages) are to be secluded, until the number be reduced to
eleven ; or to a lesser number, if equality between persons having the fewest

KKCOK1) OK T1IK ROYAL SOCIETY

0 require. And it the persons having the majority of votes, or

>iing upon the aforesaid reduction, do not amount to the

mm; -hen all the rest upon that list shall be put to the scrutiny

I , llou slmll mark, as before, so many, and no more, as are

and the method thereupon in all things shall be the same, as before,

until tlu- number be complete. And in case of equal distribution of votes,

t|u- number b, ber than the number wanting, the proceeding shall be

Ud upon the said persons ; and if then they have still equal votes, the

-hall >eclude one by lot, and the rest shall be put to the scrutiny again.

\ II. For the Flection of the ten Fellows not of the present Council, to be

I to the former eleven, to constitute the Council for the year next ensuing,

the proceedings upon the printed lists of the Fellows of the Society shall be in

all particulars observed, as upon the former lists, according as the cases shall

ire.

\ III. In case of seclusion of any Member of the present Council, or of any
other Fellow by lot, the same person shall be brought in again to pass the
scrutiny, by putting him in competition with one that hath the least, or with
more of those that have the least equal number of votes.

I\. Fora.Miiuch as the possible varieties in the equalities, and proportions.

iM'ragcs distributed among several persons, upon which Non-elections may

li.-ipp i great and manifold, that it would be tedious to obviate them

all in particular bv Statutes: if therefore any case shall happen not provided

••upon the Flection cannot, be made, or perfected, the same shall be

adjourned to the next convenient time; and the Council in the interim shall

pnuision, and offer some expedient to the Society, for the effecting thereof.

^- I '"•" electing the President, Treasurer, and Secretaries, every Fellow

I li< Anniversary Election of the Council shall, after the Election

tor tin Members of the new Council, put upon a distinct list several

mark-. liiM for the President, next for the Treasurer, and then for the

' be chosen severally out of the said new Council, for the year

Ml"'- >d flif proceedings therein shall be after the same manner, as is

for th«- Anniversary Elections of the Council.

ting any Member of the Council, or any Officer to be elected

f)> ' • "p"" sllrn vacancies, as shall happen in the intervals of the

the summons for such Election, and the proceedings in

DM manner, as is directed for the Anniversary Elections.

UK \ of the President's place, which shall happen in

i the Anniversary Flections, one of the Secretaries shall cause

>l *<> l» summoned for the Election of a new President; and the

Council meeting tl,,.reii,,on i,, the usual place, or any eleven or more of them,

^lla11 I Flection, and not separate until the major part of the

mn"' upon a new President.

ORIGINAL STATUTKS ()1 I <;<;:;

CHAP. VIII— Of the

I. THE business of the President shall be, to proide in all fh< Meetings,
and regulate all the debates, of the Society and Council ; to xt:ih- and put
questions both in the affirmative and negative, according to the sense and
intention of the Meeting; to call for Reports and Accounts from Committees,
Curators, and others ; to check irregularities, and to keep all persons to order ;
to summon all extraordinary Meetings of the Society and Council, upon an\
urgent occasions ; and to execute, or see the execution, of the Statutes of the
Society.

II. Whensoever any question shall be desired to be put by any Fello\
any Meeting of the Society or Council, and seconded by another, the President
shall put the same ; unless upon debate the sense of the Meeting appear to l>e
otherwise.

III. The President shall take place of every Fellow of the Society, within
their college, or ordinary place of meeting ; as also in all other places, where
any number of the Fellows meet as a Society, or Council, or Committee ; and
being in the Chair is to be covered, while speaking unto or hearing particular
Fellows, notwithstanding their being uncovered.

IV. The President shall not preside at any Meeting of the Fellows of the
Society, except the ordinary Meetings of the Society or Council, at known
time and place l ; or such extraordinary Meetings of either as shall be called
by a general summons of each respectively ; or the Meetings of Committees
appointed by the Society or Council; and except Meetings for solemnities
only.

CHAP. IX — Of the Treasurer and his Accompts.

I. THE Treasurer, or his Deputy, shall receive to the use of the Society
all moneys, or sums of money, due or payable to the Society ; and out of such
moneys shall pay and disburse all moneys, or sums of money, due from
or payable by the Society, upon all occasions ; and shall keep particular
Accompts of all such receipts and payments.

II. Every sum of money, payable to the use of the Society, of Five pounds
or under, shall be paid by order of the President, under his hand ; and every
sum exceeding Five pounds shall be paid by order of the Council, signed by
the President, and registered by the Secretary ; and all bills of charges for
experiments shall be signed by the Curators thereof, before they be presented
to the President.

III. All moneys, or sums of money, whereof there shall not be present
occasion for expending or disposing to the use of the Society, shall be laid up
in an iron chest, having three different locks and keys, whereof one shall be
in the custody of the President, another of the Treasurer, and a third of one
of the Secretaries : and the Treasurer shall not have in his custody above

1 So in the Original .

KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

. »r defraying tlie occasional expences of the Society ;
ill pay in moneys into the chest aforesaid, and take out
ofthe Council, as they shall judge expedient.

I\ all have and keep a roll or list in parchment of the

. with a margin before and after the names; in the

form. 11 l>e not i-d the anvars due from every F'ellow, in the latter

-.1 pa\ment> ofthe Fellows, according to the weekly or quarterly
ton to til ; and the said roll shall be signed by him, for

the truth thei

V. I "pon the third Wednesday which shall be next after each of the
I isurer, or his Deputy, shall demand the quarterly pay-
ment or arrear- of every Fellow, from whom the same shall be due; and
ill Wednesday shall send a Collector, appointed under
. with the roll or list ofthe Fellows ofthe Society signed by
him, wheiviii the arrears due from every Fellow are noted in the margin before
the name-, for the collecting ofthe said arrears.

\ I. I IK Accomptsof the Treasurer shall be audited and examined four times

i, u it hin six \\eeks after each quarter-day, by a Committee of five of the

.eil, or any three or more of them, whereof the President and one of the

tariea -hall he two. And the same shall be done once a year before the

Ann: ! .lect ion-, by a Committee to be nominated by the President, with

the consent of the major part of the Fellows present, given by ballot, at one

of the three next preceding weekly Meetings ofthe Society; which shall consist

lo\\s that are not M en ibers of the Council, to the number of five, whereof

hall he a Quorum, who shall make their report to the Society,

pon tin Meeting next, he fore the Anniversary Election, or upon the day of

lection.

CHAP. X— Of the Secretaries.

tariet, or either of them, shall have the charge and custody of

»ok. Statute-book, Journal-books ofthe Society and Council,

and Letter-hooks of the Society, as also of all papers and

'••Ionu'iii«{ to the Society ; any of which they shall cause to be produced

the Socii-ty or Council, as the case shall require, or as they

-hall ! -,, ,],, |)V t|1(- Society or Council.

11 T1 "! ' 'it her of them, shall have inspection over the Clerk,

' and direction to him, concerning the entering and writing

in the Journal-hooks of the Society or Council, the Register-

ixx.k- of the Society, also concerning any orders or other

unlinks for the n and service ofthe Society.

>f them, shall attend at all Meetings of

-'".d Council; uhere. when the President hath taken the Chair,
] fl" wden and entries of the next preceding Meeting,

I

ORIGINAL STATUTES OF H>63 i _> ,

and shall after take notes of the orders and material passages of the present
Meeting, to be entered by the Clerk in the respective books, to whirl,
relate; and when there shall be present a competent umnU -r tor making
elections, they, or either of them, shall give notice of any Candidates that shall
stand propounded in order to election into the Society.

IV. The Secretaries, or either of them, shall draw up all letters to be writ I . i
to any persons in the name of the Society or Council (to be read and app
of in some meeting of either respectively) except, for some particular cause or
consideration, some other person be appointed by the Society or Council to
draw up any such letter.

CHAP. XI — Of Curators by Office.

I. WHEREAS the ends of the institution of the Society may be most effectually
promoted by employing able and fit persons, who shall be Curators by office,
for the service and business of the Society, having such a liberal allowance, as
may be a sufficient maintenance for them, without seeking for or engaging in
any other employment ; therefore when the Society shall be endowed with a
standing revenue, that can bear it, provision shall be made for such Curators
accordingly. And because it may happen, that some persons, engaged in other
employments, may yet be of eminent usefulness for the business of Curators ;
therefore if any such shall be employed by the Society, such allowance shall
be made, as may be proportionable to the time bestowed in that service :
Provided that the allowance to any one Curator shall not exceed so much as
shall from time to time be equivalent to Two hundred pounds per annum, in
this present year 1663. Nor shall the number of such Curators be so great,
as to exhaust upon their said allowances above one half of the revenue, from
time to time belonging to the Society.

II. The employment and business of a Curator shall be, to take care of the
managing of all experiments and observations appointed by the Society or
Council, and report the same ; and to perform such tasks relating to the ends
of the constitution of the Society, as the Society or Council shall from time to
time appoint ; such as the examining of sciences, arts, and inventions, bringing
in histories of natural and artificial things.

III. Every person, to be chosen a Curator by office for the Society, shall be
of good fame and virtuous conversation, knowing in philosophical and mathe-
matical learning, addicted to and well versed in observations, inquiries, and
experiments concerning natural and artificial things.

IV. Every person, standing for the office of a Curator to the Society, shall be
propounded at some Meeting thereof, one month at the least before the intended
election ; to the end, that every Member may inform himself concerning him.
and acquaint the Society or Council with any exception or objection against
him : and every such person shall submit himself to the trial and examination of
the Council, or of such persons as shall be appointed by them, to be transacted

KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

i,, tl, the Council, concerning his qualifications, whether they be

• in a Curator.

\ \\ : on is to In- tried and examined before the Council,

tor tin- oflice of a Curator to the Society, and whensoever

, is to be recommended from the Council to the Society for the

Mi inbcr of tlu- Council shall be summoned to the Meeting,

0 asioii thereof.

\ I. K\erv person, propounded to the Society for the office of a Curator,

\ animation by the Council, visit every Member thereof in

:i. declaring to him his desire and intention for the said place;

:•» Mich \isitalion be dispensed with by order of the Society or Council.

\ 11 ,11, approved by the Council for a Curator to the Society,

shall be recommended from the Council to the Society, in order to election, at

•iiii^ a \\vek or longer before the intended election-day; and if any

person p md not approved or recommended, shall find himself

aggrieved, or think that right hath not been done him, it shall be free for him

•peal, or make his case known to the Society.

\ III. Kvery person, propounded to the Society for election into the office of

a Curator, shall at the first be elected for one year of probation only (except

> v shall by vote taken by ballot resolve otherwise, in consideration

knoun merit of any particular person), and at the end of that year the

MI shall either be elected for perpetuity, or for a longer time of

. 01- shall be rejected.

IX. Iii order to the election of persons for Curators, the Fellows of the

Miuiioned. in the same manner and form, mutatis mutandis,

ided for the Anniversary Election of the Council and Officers.

X (iv person for a Curator shall be after this manner :

'l'h«- ;dl the competitors for a Curator's place shall first be read, and

!«• put to the ballot, in order as they stand recommended by the Council

. adding Mich as, upon appeal, shall be ordered by the Society:

one hath the plurality of suffrages, he shall stand elected,

iv further proceeding upon any other of the competitors ; and the like

iv vacant place : and in case of non-election it shall be

. whether there shall be a proceeding again upon the

.<! that Meeting, („• any adjournment of the election to

'irator for a longer time of probation, or for
llai cnnrcnmig the summons for the Meetings shall be
'"'" f;»- pn.batio,,; and the (juestion shall be determined
if the votes taken by ballot.

' d < lurator by oflice, shall also be a Fellow of the

-Ml mhttribe the o!>lin-atimi t() |K, subscribed by every Fellow ;

; ' H'»v i" thr usual form, if he were not so before; neither

ORIGINAL STATUTES OF !<;<;:* u;

continue a Curator any longer than he shall «>ntinur a Fellow of the
Society.

XIII. Every Curator of the Society shall forfeit liU place as a Curator,
together with his relation as a Fellow, for any of the causes for \\hii -h a Fellow
is to be ejected ; and also for any fraudulent dealing in matters concerning
the Society, or for negligence in the business of his place : before which eject i< m.
for the first, second, and third fault, he shall receive respective admonishment
by the President in Council, to be entered in the Council-book ; except the
fault shall be judged by the Society so enormous as to deserve a present
expulsion.

XIV. If any Curator shall be disabled by age, infirmity, or casualty con-
tracted in the service of the Society, some provision shall be made for him
during life, if the necessity of his condition shall so require, according as the
Council shall think fit.

CHAP. XII— -Of the Clerk.

I. THE Clerk of the Society shall constantly attend all the Meetings of the
Society and Council, precisely at the hour appointed, and not go away before
the Meeting be dissolved ; and he shall follow the directions of the Secretaries
in registering all matters, that shall be ordered to be entered, in the respective
books of the Society.

II. The Clerk shall not suffer any person, being no Member of the Society,
to read any book, record, or other writing, or any part thereof, belonging to
the Society ; nor give any copies thereof, nor any way communicate any
thing contained therein, to any such person : and in case he shall do contrary
thereunto, he shall forfeit his place.

III. The Clerk shall have Sixpence for every page in folio, of thirty lines
fairly and closely written, with a margin not exceeding one fourth part of the
page ; and according to the same rate for any larger or smaller page : and he
shall have Ten pounds by the year for his attendance at Meetings, to be paid
quarterly by equal portions.

CHAP. XIII— Of the Printer to the Society.

I. THE office of the Printer shall be to take care for the printing and vending
such books, besides catalogues, and such other things, as shall be committed
to him by order of the Society or Council ; in the doing of which he shall from
time to time observe, and submit unto the directions and orders of the Council,
both as to the correctness of the edition, the number of copies to be printed,
the form or volume, the goodness of the paper, character, figures and diagrams,
as likewise the price at which such books are to be sold ; nor shall he reprint
any of the said books, or print them in any translation or epitome, without
particular leave from the Council. And if in any of these particulars he shall
neglect, or disobey the directions of the Council, he shall either give such

KKCOK1) OF TI1K HOVAL SOCIETY

a.lt. as Mu- Council shall approve, or else be put out ot

U -I'l,. ,1^11 present of every book he prints by order of the

mil, t\\o copies extraordinary well bound, to his Majesty: one

, 1 of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor ; one copy to the President

two copies to the library of the said Society, each of

Kind : and OIK- copy more to each of the Secretaries of the said

CHAP. XIV — Of Operators to the Society.

I. Win N8OJ \ i iu .ind as long as, an Operator to the Society hath any work

• v. he shall do no work for any other person, that may hinder
|,j, p ,,f that within the time limited, or requisite to have it finished.

II. An ' - working for the Society, shall use all care and diligence to
itch all \\ork for the Society, in as short a time as the same can be so

tid substantially done, as the nature of the thing requireth.

III. I f an v ( )perator shall in any bill or reckoning defraud, or endeavour to

; i< tv, he shall forfeit his place or relation to them thereby.
I\ . An Operator >hall have Ten pounds by the year, for his attendance at
all tin- ordinary Meetings of the Society, as a constant salary, to be paid
|iial portions.

( ' 1 1 A K X V — Of the Common Seal and Deeds.

I. '1'iM Common Seal of the Society shall be kept in an iron chest, having

locks, \\ith three different keys; whereof one shall be in the custody
<»f t! nt, the other1 of the Treasurer, and the third of one of the

II. Ever) Deed or writing, to which the common Seal is to be affixed, shall
isM-d and sealed in Council, and signed by the President on the fore part

I'd on the back side by the rest of the Members of the

tit.

CHAP. XVI -Of the Boole* of the Society.

'11 be had and kept one Hook, called the Charter-book, wherein

Written the copy of the Charter, all his Majesty's Grants on

the behalf nf the Society, the Obligation and Subscriptions thereto of the

l-Vlliiws of the Society, all the Statutes of the Society, the names and titles of

! the Society with their donations, as also the Register

iety,

l!- ' l11 l)( I ""I and kept a Book, called the Statute-book, wherein

mitten the Charter of the Society ; all the Laws, Statutes, and

'itntions ,,,;ide. ,,,- to be mad,-, concerning the government and regulating

1 Sn in tin- ()ri«rin:il.

ORIGINAL STATITES OF 1663 i-j«»

>f the Society or Council ; as also a duplicate of the Register of the Fellows
of the Society.

III. There shall be had and kept Journal-books for the Society, and Council ;
wherein shall be entered all the orders and remarkable passages of the Society,
and Council, at their respective Meetings.

IV. There shall be had and kept Register-books, wherein shall be fairly
written all such observations, histories, and discourses of natural and artificial
things, as shall be ordered to be entered ; as also all such philosophical ex-
periments, together with the particular accounts of their processes, as shall he
ordered to be entered therein.

V. There shall be had and kept a Book of Letters, wherein shall be fairly
written all such letters, and extracts of letters, of the Society, or to the Society,
or to any Member thereof, concerning philosophical matters, as shall be ordered
to be entered.

VI. No Fellow shall give any copy or transcript of any matter contained in
the Register-books, or other Books of the Society, to any one that is not
a Member thereof; nor communicate the same to any such person to be tran-
scribed, without particular leave obtained at a Meeting of the Society ; except
the said matter were originally brought in, or communicated by himself.

CHAP. XVII— Of Benefactors.

EVERY Benefactor to the Society, whose gift amounts to the value of Five
pounds or more, shall have his name registered in the Catalogue of Benefactors,
with the mention of his gift. And every Benefactor, that shall present the
Society with any sum of money or gift, to the value of Fifty pounds sterling
or more ; or shall procure any advantage, that shall be estimated by the Society
to be of the like value ; upon acceptance shall, without election, have the
privilege of being present at the Meetings of the Society, and shall not be obliged
to payments. And if any of the Fellows of the Society shall present to the
same the like gift, or sum of money, he shall not be obliged to payments for
the future.

CHAP. XVIII— Of the Death or Recess of any Fellow.

UPON the Death, or the voluntary withdrawing, of any Fellow of the Society,
one of the Secretaries shall note such their Death or Recess in the margin
of the Register, against their names l ; and the Withdrawing of any Fellow
shall be recorded in the Journal-book.

CHAP. XIX— The Form and Causes of Ejection.

I. WHENSOEVER there shall be cause for the Ejection of any Fellow out of the
Society, the President shall at some Meeting thereof cancel his name in the
Register, and at the same time pronounce him ejected in these words : —

1 So in the Original.
K

UFA-OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

/ /. diul hi the uuinc of the Royal Society of London for

imp: -iiral knowledge, ihrlnre A. B. to be now ejected, and no longer a

Mich person shall bo recorded in the Journal-book.

II ; ••!lo\\ of the Society shall contemptuously, or contumaciously,

DT Orders of the Society ; or shall by speaking, writing,

. iiblii-ly defame tlie Society; or advisedly, and maliciously, do

to the damage and detriment thereof, he shall be ejected out of the

STATUTES OF 1847

II. STATlTI-> KNACTED IN 1847

CHAP. I — Of the Election and Admission of Fellows.

I. No person shall be proposed, elected, or admitted a Fellow of the Soci< t \
on the day of the Anniversary Meeting for electing the Council and Officers.

II. Every Fellow, previously to his proposing a person as a Candidate for
election, shall inform him of the Obligation to be subscribed, of the sum to be
paid for admission money, and of the payments to be made to the Society,
before he can be admitted a Fellow.

III. Every such Candidate shall be proposed and recommended by a
certificate in writing signed by six or more Fellows, of whom three at least
shall certify their recommendation from personal knowledge. The certificate
shall specify the name, rank, profession, qualifications, and usual place of
residence of the Candidate ; and being delivered to one of the Secretaries,
shall be entered in a book to be kept for the purpose, with the date of delivery
and particulars as stated thereon.

IV. Any one of Her Majesty's subjects, who is a Prince of the Blood Royal,
or a Peer of the United Kingdom, or one of her Majesty's Privy Council, and
any Foreign Sovereign Prince, or the Son of a Sovereign Prince, may, never-
theless, be proposed at one of the ordinary Meetings of the Society by any one
Fellow, and upon being seconded by another Fellow, may be put to the Vote
for Election on the same day, provided public notice of such proposition shall
have been given by the proposer at the preceding Meeting of the Society.

V. At the first ordinary Meeting of the Society in March 1848, the names
of all Candidates duly proposed after the first day of March 1847, and in
subsequent years at the first ordinary Meeting in March, the names of all
Candidates proposed subsequently to the first Meeting in March of the
preceding year, shall be announced by the Secretary from a list arranged in
alphabetical order, without reference to the dates of the certificates of the
Candidates; and these certificates shall be suspended in the Meeting-room
until the day of Election.

VI. In the first week in April, a list shall be printed, containing the names
of all the Candidates so announced at the first Meeting in March, arranged
in alphabetical order without reference to the dates of the certificates, together
with the names of the Fellows by whom each Candidate is proposed and
recommended ; and a copy of such list shall immediately thereafter be sent to
every Ordinary Fellow.

VII. The Council shall select by ballot from such printed list of Candidates
a number not exceeding fifteen, to be recommended to the Society for election ;
but no such selection by the Council shall be valid unless eleven Members at
least be present and vote, a majority deciding, or in the event of equality the
President or his deputy having a casting vote.

K 2

UKtOKI) OF THK ROYAL SOCIETY

VIII At the first ordinary Meeting of the Society in May, the President, or
11 read from "the Chair the names of the Candidates whom the
ed as most eligible, arranged in alphabetical order; and
king, a circular letter shall be forthwith sent to every Fellow,
n;imil :,d hour of election, and enclosing a printed list of the

8, with space tor such alterations as any Fellow may deter-
in pursuance of Statute X.

IX. The election of Ordinary Fellows, not included in the privileged classes

Statute IV. of this Chapter, shall take place on the first Thursday

unless the Council shall alter the day of Election to any other day in

onth of June, in which case due notice of such alteration shall be given

Ordinary Fellow.

X On the dav of Kleetion two Scrutators shall be nominated by the

• lent, with the approbation of the Society, to assist the Secretaries in

ining the lists ; and each Fellow present and voting, shall deliver to one

,,f ti nies or Scrutators, one of the printed lists mentioned in

te VIII.. having erased the name of any Candidate or Candidates for

win >m lie does not vote. and. if he shall have thought fit, having substituted

Me<l the name of anv other Candidate or Candidates contained in the

printed list sent in pursuance of Statute VI. of this Chapter.

XI. One of the Secretaries shall take down the names of the Fellows who

. and the Scrutators, after examining the lists with the Secretaries, shall

import to the President or his deputy the names of the Candidates who shall

have been duly elected in compliance with the Charters, and the President or

his deputy shall announce those names from the Chair.

X II. Anv ( 'andidate announced at the first ordinary Meeting of the Society

in March, as aforesaid, who shall not have been elected, shall, if his proposers

, continue a Candidate; his name shall be placed in alphabetical

r with those of the new Candidates to be announced in March following,

nee to the date of his Certificate; and his Certificate shall be

nded in the Meeting-room in the same manner as those of the new

XIII. 1-Acry person who is elected a Fellow shall appear for his admission
the fourth ordinary Meeting of the Society after his Election, or
in Mich further time as shall, for some sufficient cause, be granted by the
cil: otherwise his Flection shall be void.

XI\. Tin Admission Of any Follow into the Society shall be at some

, in manner and form following, he having first made the

,mn,l by the Statutes. Immediately after the reading of the

roncluded, he shall subscribe the Obligation in the Charter-

introduee.l to tin- President, who, taking him by the hand, shall

/ tl<>% In/ tin- authority* and in the name, of the Royal Society

*g natural knowledge, admit you a Fellow thereof.

STATUTES OF m: i ;;

XV. The Election, the payments made previous to admission, and the
admission of every person into the Society, with the time thereof, shall I*
recorded in the Journal-book.

XVI. No person shall be deemed a Fellow of the Society until he has made
the payments required by the Statutes: nor shall he be entitled to vo:
any election or Meeting of the Society until he shall have been admitted in
the manner and form above specified.

XVII. Persons may be elected into the Society, under the title of Foreign
Members, who are neither natives nor inhabitants of Her Majesty "sdomii
and shall be exempted from certain obligations which the ordinary Felloe
enjoined by the Statutes to perform ; they shall be selected from among men
of the greatest eminence for their scientific discoveries and attainments.

XVIII. The Council shall from time to time, as they shall see fit, put in
nomination persons for election as Foreign Members, not exceeding, with those
already elected, the number of fifty.

XIX. Notice of such nomination shall be immediately forwarded, in writing,
to each Member of the Council ; and the opinion of the Council respecting
the eligibility of any Candidate, as Foreign Member, shall be taken by
ballot at a subsequent Meeting of the Council, which Meeting shall not be
held within less than one month after the first nomination of the Candidate ;
when, if two-thirds of the Members of the Council present be in favour of the
nomination, the Candidate shall be proposed at the next ordinary Meeting of
the Society, and shall be put to the vote at the following ordinary Meeting.

CHAP. II — Of the Obligation to be subscribed.

EVERY person elected a Fellow of the Society shall, before his admission,
subscribe the Obligation in the following words :

We who have hereunto subscribed, do liereby promise each for himself, that
he will endeavour to promote the good of the Royal Society of London, for
improving natural knowledge, and to puisue the ends for which the same ica.\
founded ,• that we will be present at the Meetings of the Society, as often as
conveniently we can, especially at the Anniversary Elections, and upon extra-
ordinary occasions ; and that we will observe the Statutes and Orders of the
said Society. Provided, that whensoever any of us shall signify to the President
under his hand, that he desireth to withdraw from the Society, he shall be free
from this Obligation for the future.

And if any person elected shall refuse to subscribe the said Obligation, the
election of that person shall be void.

CHAP. Ill — Of the Payments to be made by tJie FcUows to the Society.

I. EVERY person elected a Fellow of the Society shall, before he is admitted,
pay the sum of ten pounds for Admission-money. And if any such person shall
refuse or fail to pay the said sum, he shall not be admitted, and his election

HKr<>KI> OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

In- u>id ; except the slid sum be remitted in whole, or in part, by special

order of the Council.

II , elected a Follow, -hull, besides the Admission money,

further |»av in ad\ance/o?/r pounds per annum, as long as he shall continue a

tlu- Society.

III. All who "ere Fellows of the Society before December the llth, 1834,
:v time compound for their annual payments, by paying at once, as
hith >um of Forty pounds.

\\ . All uho ha\c. or may become Fellows of the Society after December
the llth, 1S:J1. mav at any time compound for their annual payments, by
p.ixing at once the sum of Slcty pounds.

\. All uho have become Fellows of 'the Society after December the 11 th,
. and who have contributed a Taper, which has been printed in the Philo-
//,?, shall have the privilege of compounding for their annual
contributions for the sum of Forty pound*.

VI. K\erv Fellow of the Society liable to an annual payment shall bring or

M-ntl the >ame to the Treasurer, or the Assistant Secretary. And if any such

1 el low shall fail to pay the same before the first day of November in each

. his name shall lie suspended in the Public Meeting-room of the Society

•ing in arrear, and shall continue so suspended until the sum due be paid.

And if any such Fellow >hall fail to pay his subscription on or before the

ini; of the Society next preceding St. Andrew's Day, no satisfactory

MI having been assigned to the President and Council for such non-

nt. h»- >hall cease to be a Fellow of the Society. Provided, nevertheless,

that on a solicitation for re-admission being addressed to the President and

Council by an individual so circumstanced, within the space of one year

following St. Andrew's Day, the case of the individual so soliciting shall be

dent from the Chair at one of the ordinary Meetings of the

nd the (jiu >tion of his re-admission be put to the vote at the next

if the Societv.

CHAP. \\--Of the Death or Uccexs of any Fellow.

Death or Kecos of any Fellow of the Society shall be recorded in the
)ook of the Society, and the names of such persons announced from
ry Meeting for electing the Council and Officers.

CM \ !•. V— Of the Cmtxcx and Form of Fjection.

I :ll(' Society shall contemptuously or contumaciously
Orders of the Society or Council ; or shall, by speak-

printing, publicly defame the Society ; or advisedly, maliciously,
'hing to the damage, detriment, or dishonour thereof,
iety.

II W! 'U appear to be cause for the ejection of any

STATUTES OF 1847 i:r,

Fellow out of the Society, the subject shall be laid before the Council ; and if
a majority of the Council shall, after due deliberation, determine by ballot to
propose to the Society the ejection of the said Fellow, the President shall in
that case, at some ordinary Meeting of the Society, announce from tin- Chair
such determination of the Council ; and at the Meeting next after that at
which the said announcement has been made, the Society shall proceed to
determine the question ; and on its appearing that two-thirds of the Members
present have voted for the ejection of the said Fellow, the President shall
proceed to cancel his name in the Register, and at the same time pronomu c
him ejected in these words : —

/ do, by the authority and in the name of the Royal Society of London, for
improving natural knowledge, declare A. B. to be now ejected, and no
longer a Fellow thereof.

And the Ejection of every such person shall be then recorded in the Journal-
book of the Society ; and his name, as ejected, be also read at the next
Anniversary Meeting for elections.

CHAP. VI— Of the Election of the Council and Officer*.

I. AT the two ordinary Meetings of the Society, next preceding the day of
the Anniversary Election, the President shall give notice of the said Election ;
and declare how much it imports the good of the Society, that such persons
may be chosen into the Council, as are most likely to attend the Meetings and
business of the Council, out of whom there may be made the best choice of a
President and other Officers.

II. Every Fellow of the Society, in or near London, or within what was
formerly the limit of the three-penny post, and whose residence is known,
shall have notice of the Anniversary Meeting for electing the Council and
Officers for the year ensuing, by particular summons, which summons shall be
sent to the place of residence of such Fellow, a week at the least before the
day of Meeting ; and shall be to this effect : —

These are to give notice, that on the day of

the Council and Officers of the ROYAL SOCIETY are to be elected for the
year ensuing; at which Election your presence is expected, at of the
clock in the precisely.

III. The Council for the ensuing year, out of which shall be chosen the
President, Treasurer, Principal Secretaries, and Foreign Secretary, shall consist
of eleven Members of the existing Council, and of ten Fellows who are not
Members of the existing Council *.

IV. The President and Council shall, previous to the Anniversary Meeting,
nominate, by ballot, eleven Members of the existing Council, and also ten
Fellows, not Members of the existing Council, whom they recommend to the

1 At present one half of the Members of Council go out by rotation.

,;«; KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

, (ion into the Council tor the ensuing year. The President and

. in like manner, nominate, by ballot, out of the proposed

(•oum.jj, ; i whom they recommend to the Society for election to the

. Treasurer, Principal Secretaries, and Foreign Secretary,

BT.

\ \i : , ordinary Meeting of the Society preceding the Anniversary
•HIT. tin names of such persons so recommended for election as Council

the ensuing year, shall be announced from the Chair.

\ I. I,isK \\ith the names of the Fellows recommended by the President
..lll(l ( ;,<! having a blank column opposite for such alterations as any

isli to make, shall be prepared for the use of the Fellows, one
re the day of election.

\ II. T\\o Scrutators shall be nominated by the President, with the appro-
:i of tlu- Society, to assist the Secretaries in examining the lists.

VIII. K.u-h Fellow voting, shall deliver his list to one of the Secretaries or

(1 the name of each Fellow who shall so deliver in his list, shall
be noted by one of the Secretaries.

IX. The Scrutators, after examining the lists with the Secretaries, shall
t to the Society the names of those having the majority of votes for

composing the Council, and filling the offices of President, Treasurer, Principal
j, and Foreign Secretary ; the names of which persons shall then be
••meed from the Chair.

X. For electing any Member of the Council, or any Officer to be elected
by the Society, upon such vacancies as shall happen in the intervals of the
Anni\iTs;irv Flections, the summons for such Election, and the proceedings
in it, shall be after the same manner as is directed for the Anniversary

IOD.

XI. rpon .my \acancy of the President's place, occurring in the intervals
of the Anniversary Elections, the Treasurer, or in his absence one of the

ill caiix- the Council to be summoned for the Election of a new
'lent : and the Council meeting thereupon in the usual place, or any
:i or more of them, shall proceed to the said Election, and not separate
"titil ' part of them shall have agreed upon a new President.

CHAP, \\l~0f the President.

I. Tin business of the President shall be to preside at all the Meetings, and
. of the Society, Council, and Committees; to state and

Pnt ' both in the aHinnathe and negative, according to the sense and

intention of tin Meetings; to call for reports and accounts from Committees,

ari(i t(( '•|"'<-k irregularities, and to keep all persons to order; to

1011 "H v «>f the Council, and Committee of Papers; and to

tion of, the Statutes of the Society.
11 i!I t;>ke precedence of every Fellow of the Society, at

STATUTES OF 1847 1:17

their ordinary place of meeting; and also in all other places, \\lu-re any
number of the Fellows meet as a Society, Council, or Committee ; and, being
in the Chair, shall be covered, while speaking to or hearing particular \\ :,
notwithstanding their being uncovered.

CHAP. VIII — Of tlie Treasurer and his Amnuitx.

I. THE Treasurer, or some person appointed by him, shall receive tor the
use of the Society all sums of money due or payable to the Society ; and shall
pay and disburse all sums due from or payable by the Society ; and shall keep
particular Accounts of all such receipts and payments.

II. Every sum of money payable on account of the Society exceeding Ten
Pounds, shall be paid only by order of the Council : but payments for rates
or taxes, to any amount, may be made by the Treasurer, without any s|)ecih'c
order of the Council for that purpose.

III. All sums of money, which there shall not be present occasion for expend-
ing, or otherwise disposing of to the use of the Society, shall be laid out in Midi
Government or other securities as shall be approved of and directed by the
Council.

IV. The Treasurer shall keep a yearly account of all such Fellows of the
Society as pay the sum appointed as the composition in lieu of annual
payments ; and also of those who make the annual payments : and in this
account shall be noted the times up to which the annual payments have been
made, and the arrears due from each Fellow.

V. The Treasurer shall also keep a book of Cheque Receipts for annual pay-
ments, each Receipt to be signed by himself, and to be filled up with the name
of the Fellow paying, the sum paid, and the time for which payment is made :
these Receipts to be undersigned by the person who shall receive the money on
the Treasurer's behalf, who, upon the delivery of the Receipt to the Fellow-
paying, is to enter upon that part of the Check which is left in the Book, the
above particulars, and also the day of payment.

VI. The Treasurer shall demand, or cause to be demanded, all arrears of
annual payments, as soon as convenient after the first day of May.

VII. The Accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited annually, a short time
preceding the Anniversary Elections, by a Committee consisting of five Members
of the Council, of whom the President and the Senior Secretary (or in his
absence the Junior) to be two ; and of five Fellows of the Society not Members
of the Council, who are to be nominated by the President, with the consent of
the major part of the Fellows present, given by ballot at one of the three next
preceding weekly Meetings ; any three or more of the said five Members of the
Council, whereof the President and one of the Secretaries shall be two, together
with any three or more of the said five Fellows, shall be a Quorum of the said
Committee : the Members of the said Committee who are of the Council shall
make their report to the Council held next after such Audit, on or before the

UFA-OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

'on ; juul the Members of the said Committee who are not of
the Council shall make the Report to the Society, upon the Meeting next

tion, or on the day of the said Election.

\ I iner shall have the charge of the Title Deeds of the Society's

he Bon<K formerly given by the Fellows,ithe Policies of Insurance,
and >

1 \ : after the Audit as may be, and before the Anniversary Meeting,

m r shall cause an Abstract of the Society's Accounts of the pre-
printed for the use of the Fellows.

('MAP. IX — Of the Secretaries.

I . i, or either of them, shall have inspection over the Assistant-
; and shall give the Orders and Directions concerning the entering

i all Minutes or matters in the Journal-books of the Society or
il, or any other books of the Society; and also concerning any orders or
other \\ ri tings for the use and service of the Society.

II. Tin Secretaries shall attend all Meetings of the Society, Council, and
Committees of Papers; where, when the President has taken the Chair, the

tv shall read the Minutes, Orders, and entries of the preceding
:ng ; and shall afterwards take minutes of the business and orders of the
;it Meeting, to be entered by the Assistant-Secretary in the respective
to \\hich thev relate.

III. At t In- Meetings of the Society, the Junior Secretary shall announce the
•its made to them since the last Meeting; shall give notice of any

who stands proposed for election into the Society at that Meeting;

the Letters and Papers presented to the Society in the order of

in which they shall have been received, unless the President shall other-

IV ' ' "'-Cither of them, shall draw up all letters to be written

in the name of the Society or Council, (to be read and approved
fin- of either respectively,) except, for some particular cause or
lome other person be appointed by the Society or Council to
Mich letter. They shall likewise have the charge (under the
tion nf the Committee of Papers) of printing the Philosophical Trnnmc-

••cling the IV,

\ Th* • ten relating t.) the business of the Society, received during each
d and kept in the Apartments of the Society.

• etary for Foreign Correspondence shall be to

f all It-tiers from foreign parts relating to the business of the

irn thanks for presents from Foreigners made to the Society, and

d Foreign Members, the Diplomas certifying their

'•• into the Sorjetv.

STATUTES OF 1817 139

CHAP, \~Ofthe

I. THE person who shall be chosen to the office of A->i-tant-Secretary, shall
cither not be a Fellow of the Society; or, if a Fellow, shall cease to be so,
upon his Election to, and acceptance of that office.

II. The appointment of a person to the office of Assistant-Sec -rchu -\, shall
be by the Council, to whom the officer so appointed shall give security, at the
discretion of the Council ; and he shall reside in the Society's House.

III. The Assistant-Secretary shall be paid for his services, according to the
determination of the Council ; and shall not, besides such payments, receive
any perquisite or profit whatsoever. He shall be further subject to such Rules
and Orders as shall from time to time be made or given by the President
and Council, besides those annexed to the duty of his office ; and he shall con-
stantly be in attendance, during all Meetings of the Society, Council, and
Committees.

IV. He shall enter all the Minutes in the several Journal-books, and make
an Index to every such book : he shall lay before every Council their fair
Minute-book ; and before every Committee of Papers, the Society's Journal-
book, to show that the several entries are fairly made : and he shall have the
care of the writing of all Summonses of the Society, Council, and Committees.

V. He shall, under the direction of the Secretaries, have the charge and
custody of the Charter-book, Statute-book, Journal-books of the Society and
Council, Register-books, and Letter-books, as also of all Papers and Writings
belonging to the Society ; all which shall be kept in the house of the Society,
that they may be in readiness to be produced at any Meetings of the Society
or Council, as the case may require, or as shall be ordered by the Society,
Council, or President.

VI. He shall not suffer any person, not being a Fellow of the Society, to
read any Journal-book, Record, or Writing, or any part thereof, belonging to
the Society ; nor give any copy thereof, nor any way communicate anything
contained therein, to any such person.

VII. He shall follow the directions which may be given him from time to
time by the Treasurer. He shall enter in a Book, to be provided by the
Treasurer, all such sums as he may receive on account of the Society at the
instant of receiving such sums ; and for these sums, so entered by him, he shall
be answerable, until he shall have paid them to the Treasurer.

VIII. He shall attend the Library every day that it is open, from Eleven
in the morning to Four in the afternoon, for the accommodation of such
Fellows of the Society as shall come to read the printed books or manuscripts,
and of any other persons who shall bring a written permission from the
President or any other Member of the Council, or who shall be introduced by
a Fellow in person.

IX. He shall mark with the stamp of the Society, all books presented to, or
bought by, the Society, immediately after their coming into the possession of

140 KKC'OHI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

they are laid on the Society's Table; and he shall so
adily found.

\ II. -hall recei\e from the Printer all the copies of the Philosophical
and deliver out one copy to each Fellow who shall ask, or send

96 of tlu' Society.

XI II, >hall keep a Book, in which shall be entered an Account of the
mimlxT of the Trnnxuctumx printed, and also an account of such as are sold;
lu- -hall. previous to the Audit, certify the correctness of such account.

CHAP. XI— Of the Meetings of the Society.

I. Tin Stolon of tlu> Society shall commence on the third Thursday in

i her. and end on the third Thursday in June.

II. The ordinary Meetings of the Society shall be weekly, (excepting
( 'liri-tma- week, and the week following, and also Passion, Easter, and Whitsun-

\M-en>ion-day, and also the weeks during which the Anniversary

ing and Annual .Meeting for the election of Fellows are held,) on

Thursdays, and shall begin at half-past Eight o'clock in the Evening, precisely.

III. NO stranger, excepting Foreign Ambassadors and Ministers, and other
distinguished pcr>on> specially invited by the President, shall, on any account,

unified to be present during the Meeting, unless by order of the President,

or by lea\e obtained of the Society upon the written recommendation of some

I'ellow before the President takes the Chair ; and the name of every person

rmittfd to be present, and of the Fellow who recommended him, shall be

'1 in the .Journal-book.

1\ . The business of the Society in their ordinary Meetings shall be, to read
and hear letter*, reports, and other papers, concerning Philosophical matters *.
\ . At. the ordinary Meetings of the Society, nothing relating to its Statutes
or management shall be brought forward or discussed2.

\ I. The Anniver>ary Meeting for the election of the Council and Officers,
and the Annual Meeting for the election of Fellows, shall take place at an hour
mined by the Council.

CHAP. X 1 1 — Of Sficnul General Meetings of the Society.

I 'I'm President or Council may at, any time call a Special General Meeting
of the Society \\hen it may appeal' to them to be necessary.

II- ' ! ilo\\> may, by notice in writing, signed by them, and

'lrli cretariefl at an ordinary Meeting of the Society,

:-il (.eneral M.-eting of the Society to be con vened, for the purpose
: and determining on the matter specified in such requisition.

•i tlii-r -iilij«Tt> an- now permitted.

• Miril made .January UHtli, 1»:W, this clause is intended to
iy -iibject nut immediately connected with the usual busim-ss of

STATt'TES OF 1847 m

III. The Council shall, within one week after such rcqtiMtion shall have
been so delivered, appoint a day for a Special General Meeting according.
and give one week's notice thereof to each Fellow residing within the limit-
of the three-penny post, stating in the notice the object of such Meeting. At
such Meeting no business shall be brought forward except what shall have
been so notified.

CIIAI-. Xlll—OftJie Publication of Paper* .

I. THE Members of the Council for the time being, shall constitute and be
a standing Committee, to whom the consideration of the Publication of such
Papers as shall have been read, or communicated to the Society at their weekly
Meetings, shall from time to time be referred. This Committee shall meet at
such times as shall be appointed by the President; due and sufficient notice of
such Meeting having been previously sent to every Member of the Committee.

II. No less numl)er than Seven of the Members of the said Committee
(of which number the President, or in his absence a Vice-President, shall
always be one,) shall be a Quorum, capable of acting in relation to the said
Papers.

III. The majority of the said Committee, present at any Meeting thereof,
shall be at liberty to call in to their assistance, at that or any other subsequent
Meeting, any other Fellows of the Society, who are knowing and well-skilled
in the particular branch of Science to which the Paper under deliberation
relates ; and the persons so called in to assist may give their votes on all Papers
to be considered at the Meeting at which they shall be desired to assist, in the
same manner as if they were Members of the Committee.

IV. At every Meeting of the Committee, their method of proceeding upon the
Papers to be considered by them shall be thus : The entry in the Journal-book
of the Society, relating to any paper, upon which the opinion of the Committee
is to be taken, shall be read ; or, if any Member shall desire it, the paper itself
shall be read : after which the question shall be put, whether that paper shall
be printed in the Philosophical Transactions, unless the opinion of the majority
of the Committee shall be in favour of adjourning the consideration of it to a
subsequent Meeting. The question shall always be decided by ballot, and by
a majority of votes ; but if there be an equality of votes, the further consideration
of the question shall be adjourned to the next Meeting of the Committee, when
that question shall be taken into consideration before any other business is
entered upon : and if, at the second balloting upon the same question, there
be still an equality of votes, it shall be determined in the negative. The
decisions of the Committee respecting the printing of Papers in the Philo-
sophical Transactions shall be entered in the Minute-book of the Committee.

V. The Philosophical Transactions shall be printed at the sole charge, and
for the sole use and benefit, of the Society, and of the Fellows thereof; to the
intent that each of the present Fellows, who actually contributes and pay*

14-j KKCOH1) OF THE KOYAL SOCIETY

:<U tlu *upport of tlu- Society, or who has compounded for such contri-

j)U(:c [jug to tlu- rules and orders established in relation thereto, or

\\ho ha- for other particular reasons been exonerated and discharged from sucli

-ihiitioii. In order of the Council, may receive gratis (but under proper

limitation* and restrictions) one copy of such of the Philosophical Transactions

ill he printed a- aforesaid : and that all persons who shall hereafter be

admitted Fellow*, shall, under the same conditions, receive, and be entitled to

the like bone-fit and advantage.

\ I. ( )nce, at least, in every year, a proper portion of the Papers, which have
communicated to the Society, and ordered for publication by the Com-
mittee, >hall be printed, under the name and title of Philosophical Transactions
<>f t he Royal Society of London ; and the time and manner of printing those
s >liall be fixed and determined by the Council, as occasion shall require.
A number of the copies so printed, sufficient to supply the Fellows of the
Jv, shall be delivered to the Assistant Secretary, who shall enter in a book,
to be provided for that purpose, the number of copies received by him, for
which he shall be accountable to the Council for the time being.

VII. The Assistant Secretary shall deliver gratis, at the Society^ House, one
of the said copies to every Fellow of the Society (except as hereinafter excepted)
\\ho shall demand the same, either in person, or by letter or other writing
under the hand of such Fellow as shall not come in person to make such
demand : and the person so receiving a copy of such Philosophical Transactions
shall at the same time sign the above-mentioned book, as having received the
-aid copy.

\ III. In order that the Fellows may be apprised of the time when it will be

proper for them to come or send for their respective copies, due and timely

shall be given in some one or more of the public newspapers of the day

upon which the Assistant-Secretary will begin to deliver out the said copies,

which day shall be lixed and appointed by the Council.

• \ idcd always that no Fellow whatsoever of the Society shall be entitled to

i \ e any such copy of the Transactions, whose annual contribution

shall be one year in arrear, or whose Election and Payment of Admission fees

and regular Contributions shall not have preceded the date of the time appointed

for the delivery of the said Transactions; neither shall the Executor of any

! e a copy of the Transactions published after the death

How.

0, that no Fellow of the Society shall receive, or be entitled to

recei^ "'!'> "r fop"1* of the Transactions, so printed as aforesaid,

-hall have elapsed fr<)m the time of the Assistant-Secretary's

having begun to deliver out. such copies respectively; but his neglecting to

id them for >o long a time shall be deemed a forfeiture and dereliction of

:ght thereto: imle** the Council for the time being, upon being made

acquainted with the reason of such delay, shall order the same to be so

STATUTES OF 1847 u;j

delivered; such order, however, shall not extend further back than to tin- ln>t
five years preceding the date.

IX. If the number of copies so to be printed shall be greater than what \\ ill
be requisite to supply each of the Fellows with one copy, such supermm..
copies, as also all such as shall remain in the hands of the Assistant-Secretary
after five years shall have elapsed from the time of his having begun to dr!iu -i
out such copies respectively, shall be disposed of, at such times, and in MK -h
in,- inner, as the Council shall direct.

( ' 1 1 A I-. XI V— Of the Book* and Papers of the Socuty.

I. THKRK shall be had and kept a Book, called the Charter-book, when -in
shall be fairly written the copy of the Charters, all the Royal Grants on the
behalf of the Society, and the Obligation to be subscribed by the Frllow* of
the Society in their own handwriting.

II. There shall be kept a Book, called the Statute-book, wherein >hall be
fairly written all the Laws, Statutes, and Constitutions made, or to IKJ made*,
concerning the government and regulating of the Society or Council ; and also
a Register of the Fellows of the Society, with the times of their Election and
Admission.

III. There shall be kept Journal-books of the Society, and also of the
Council, wherein shall be entered all the Minutes, Orders, and business of the
Society and Council at their respective Meetings ; to which Journal-books any
Fellow may have access at such times as the Library is open.

IV. The original copy of every Paper read at the Society shall be considered
the property of the Society, if there be no previous engagement with its Author
to the contrary ; but any Author may have a copy of his own Papers by leave
of the Council.

V. All the Papers read at the Society in the course of each year, and not
withdrawn by leave of the Council, shall be delivered to the Committee of
Papers ; and shall be preserved for future inspection ; and shall never be lent
out of the Society's House without Order of the Council.

VI. The Library shall be open to the Fellows every day, Sundays excepted,
from Eleven in the morning till Four in the afternoon ; excepting on Good
Friday, and during Easter, Whitsun and Christmas weeks, when it shall be closed.

VII. Any Fellow may have the loan of any of the printed Books of the
Society, excepting such as the Council shall order not to be taken out of the
Library, by giving his note for the due return of them in the condition in
which he received them ; but he shall not be allowed to have in his possession
more than four volumes at a time. The loan of Manuscripts is exclusively
vested in the President and Council.

VIII. A List of all Books and Manuscripts borrowed from the Library of
the Royal Society, and of the Fellows of the Society to whom they are lent,
shall be kept in the Library.

1U KIA01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

I\. All Hooks wiiats,H-\er belonging to the Society shall be returned at a

,1 In tlu- Council, in each year; and the Library shall be

one month after such time, or for such shorter periods as the Council

\aliu- of Mich Hooks in the possession of any Fellow as are not
i hi arv pursuant to the preceding Statute, shall be required
to IK- paid In the person who has so detained them.

CUM-. \\-Oft1tc Common Seal and Deeds.

I. M>. >n Seal of the Society shall be kept in an iron chest, having
rh three ditVerent keys; whereof one shall be in the custody of

the President, another of the Treasurer, and the third of the Senior Secretary.

II. Deed, or writing, to which the Common Seal is to be affixed,
shall d and Mailed in Council, and signed by the President on the

the label, and signed on the back by the rest of the Members of
• ineil present.

CUM-. XVI — Of the making and repealing of Laws.

I. I-'oi: the making of any Law or Statute of the Royal Society, the draught
•of shall !>e read in Council, and put to the vote, on two several days of

their Meeting. The lir.st day the question to be resolved by vote shall be to

this effect. \ i/. • Whether the draught of the said Statute, then agreed upon, shall

t another Meeting?1 The second day the question shall be to this

• Whether the draught of the said Statute, then agreed upon, shall

. or not '^

II. I '"i t he repealing of any Law or Statute, or any part thereof, the Repeal
shall IK- proposed and voted in Council on two several days of their Meeting.
The first day the question to be resolved by Ballot shall be to this effect, \'r/..
• Win-tiler the Repeal of such a Statute, or such part thereof, shall be proposed

other Meeting?" The >econd day the question shall be to this effect, vi/.

•Whether such a Statute, or such part thereof, shall be repealed, or not?1

And in c ax- the >aid Repeal be agreed unto, the same shall be recorded

in the Journal-Look of the Council; and the Statute, or part of the Statute,

d. shall be cancelled in the Statute-book.

IY\H XI

1 i I : S.I A M I .N Fit A X KM X

From a portrait by Joseph Wright, in the rooms of the Royal Society

145

III. STATUTES OF 1905, NOW (1912) IN FORCE

CHAP. I — Of the Election and Admission of Fell

I. No person shall be proposed, elected, or admitted a Fellow of the Society
on the day of the Anniversary Meeting for electing the Council and Officers.

II. Every Fellow, previously to his proposing a person as a Candidate for
Election, shall inform him of the Obligation to be subscribed, of the sum to be
paid for admission money, and of the payments to be made to the Society,
before he can be admitted a Fellow.

III. Every such Candidate shall be proposed and recommended by a certi- Certificate of
ficate in writing signed by six or more Fellows, of whom three at least shall Candidature-
certify their recommendation from personal knowledge. The certificate shall

specify the name, rank, profession, qualifications, and usual place of residence
of the Candidate ; and being delivered to one of the Secretaries, or to the
Assistant Secretary, shall be registered, with the date of delivery, in a book to
be kept for the purpose, and read at the next ordinary meeting ; and, unless
otherwise ordered, shall be suspended in some convenient place in the apart-
ments of the Society until the day of election.

IV. At the first Ordinary Meeting of the Society in January, the names of Names of
all Candidates proposed prior to the first day of that month, and subsequently ^£eldates
to the last announcement of the names of Candidates, and also the names of announced
those Candidates whose certificates have been resuspended as hereinafter pro- In
vided, shall be announced by one of the Secretaries from a list arranged in
alphabetical order, without reference to the dates of the certificates of the
Candidates ; and these certificates shall remain suspended until the day of
Election.

V. In the first week in February, a list shall be printed, containing the List of
names of all the Candidates so announced at the first Meeting in January,
arranged in alphabetical order, without reference to the dates of the certificates,
together with the names of the Fellows by whom each Candidate is proposed

and recommended ; and a copy of such list shall immediately thereafter be sent
to every Ordinary Fellow.

VI. The Council shall select by ballot from such printed list of Candidates Selection by
a number not exceeding fifteen, to be recommended to the Society for Election ;

but no such selection by the Council shall be valid unless eleven Members at
least be present and vote, a majority deciding, or in the event of equality the
President having a second or casting vote.

VII. At the first Ordinary Meeting of the Society in March, the President Selected
shall read from the Chair the names of the Candidates whom the Council have
selected as most eligible, arranged in alphabetical order ; and after such Fellows.

IK; HKrOKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

I circular letter shall be forthwith sent to every Fellow, naming the
Election, and enclosing a printed list of the selected Candi-
,,r >uch alterations as any Fellow may determine to make in
-tatute IX of this Chapter.

Date of Mil. The election of Ordinary Fellows not included in the privileged

! to in Statutes XII and XIII of this Chapter, shall take place
Uirtdayof May : unless the Council shall alter the day of Election
her day in the month of May, in which case due notice of such altera-
tion >hall be given to every Ordinary Fellow. •

IX. On the day of Election two Scrutators shall be nominated by the
•, nt, with the approbation of the Society, to assist the Secretaries in

iining tin- li>ts; and each Fellow present and voting, shall deliver to one
i.f the Secretaries or Scrutators one of the printed lists mentioned in Statute VII
of this Chapter, having erased the name of any Candidate or Candidates for
whom lie does not vote, and, if he shall have thought fit, having substituted

:ded the name of any other Candidate or Candidates contained in the
printed list sent in pursuance of Statute V of this Chapter.

X. One of the Secretaries shall take down the names of the Fellows who
. and the Scrutators, after examining the lists with the Secretaries, shall

ivport to the President the names of the Candidates who shall have been duly
elected in compliance with the Charters, and the President shall announce those
name> from the Chair.

XI. Any Candidate whose name shall have been printed in a previous list

, but who shall not have been elected, shall, if his proposers, or

one of them, so request in writing, before the 31st December immediately

ding an election, l)e a Candidate at such election ; his name shall be placed

in alphabetical order with those of the new Candidates to be announced in

i.-irv following, and his certificate shall be suspended along with those of

the new Candidates. Provided always that the same certificate shall not be

\alid for more than five years from the date thereof. Any additional qualifi-

; a Candidate may be set forth in a supplementary certificate to be

ned by not fewer than six Fellows.

XII. Any one of His Majesty's subjects who is a Prince of the Blood Royal
In- proposed at one of the Ordinary Meetings of the Society by any Fellow,
may be put to the vote for Election on the same day, provided public

Mich proposition shall have been given by the proposer at the pre-
\I'-«-ling of the Society.

' XML I" c.'^es in which the Council is of opinion that, in the interests of the

Natural Knowledge, it is desirable that persons be elected
••f the Society otherwise than as provided by Statutes III to XII of
tl" ' Miey may, once in every two years, recommend to the Society for

'•lotion ' Mian two persons, who, in their opinion, either have rendered

pinions service to the < ( ience, or are such that their election would

THE STATUTES OF 1905 I 17

be of signal benefit to the Society. The persons so recommended shall be
selected by the Council by ballot, in accordance with the procedure established
by Standing Orders of Council. Provided always that no person shall be so
recommended unless he obtains two- thirds of the votes of the whole Council.

At the Ordinary Meeting of the Society next following the Meeting of
Council at which such selection is made, the person or persons nominated shall
be proposed for election by means of a certificate prepared in accordance with
Statute III of this Chapter, no distinction, however, being made between per-
sonal and general knowledge, and the ground on which the Candidate has been
nominated by the Council, that is to say, whether as having rendered conspi-
cuous service to the cause of science, or as such that his election would be of
signal benefit to the Society, being alone stated as the qualification. Such
certificate, on being allowed by the Society, shall be suspended in some con-
venient place in the apartments of the Society until the day on which a ballot
is taken upon it. The date for the ballot, which shall not be earlier than the
third Ordinary Meeting after that at which the certificate is read, shall be
announced at the head of the certificate.

XIV. Every person who is elected a Fellow shall appear for his admission Admission,
on or before the fourth Ordinary Meeting of the Society after the day of his
Election, or within such further time as shall, for some sufficient cause, be
granted by the Council ; otherwise his election shall be void.

XV. The admission of any Fellow into the Society shall be at some Ordinary
Meeting, in manner and form following, he having first made the payments
required by the Statutes. Immediately after the reading of the Minutes has
been concluded, he shall subscribe the Obligation in the Charter-book, and be
introduced to the President, who, taking him by the hand, shall say these
words : I do, by the authority and in the name of the Royal Society of London,

for Improving Natural Knowledge, admit you a Fellow thereof.

XVI. The Election, the payments made previous to admission, and the Admission
Admission of every person into the Society, with the time thereof, shall be ^corded*
recorded in the Journal-book.

XVII. No person shall be deemed a Fellow of the Society until he has made
the payments required by the Statutes : nor shall he be entitled to vote at any
Election or Meeting of the Society until he shall have been admitted in the
manner and form above specified.

XVIII. Persons may be elected into the Society, under the title of Foreign Foreign
Members, who are neither natives nor inhabitants of His Majesty's dominions,

and shall be exempted from the operation of Chapters II and III of these
Statutes ; they shall be selected from among men of the greatest eminence for
their scientific discoveries and attainments.

XIX. The Council shall from time to time, as they shall see fit, put in Procedure
nomination persons for Election as Foreign Members, not exceeding, with JfForeign
those already elected, the number of fifty. Members.

L2

148 KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

XX. A hook .shall IK.- kept in which Fellows of the Society may enter the

tho-e iiuii of science whom they suggest as Foreign Members; each
entry shall he >ium<l hv the proposer and be accompanied by a statement of
the principal grounds on which the suggestion is made, and shall be valid for
tin-. ' ily.

XXI. When vacancies in the list of Foreign Members are to be filled up, u

persona M> entered shall be sent to each Member of the Council,

together with notice- of the Meeting at which the list will be considered. At

Meeting thus appointed further entries may be made, and the claims of

those men of science whose names have been duly entered in the book shall be

il a selection of names shall be made, from among which the

Council, at a subsequent Meeting to be then appointed, may make nominations

to the Society.

XXII. At the >econ<l Meeting the selection of Candidates to be so nomi-
I tor Foreign Membership shall be by ballot; when, if two-thirds of the

Members of the Council present be in favour of the nomination of any Candi-
. his name shall he proposed at the next Ordinary Meeting of the Society,
and shall he put to the vote by ballot at the following Ordinary Meeting.

CHAT. II — Of the Obligation to be Subscribed.

F\ i K v IKTSOII elected a Fellow of the Society shall, before his admission, sub-
he the Obligation in the following words: —

HY whn litiir hereunto subscribed, do hereby promise each for himself , that we

,11 endeavour t<> promote the good of the Royal Society of London, for

/nijjfor/n^- Xatural Knowledge^ and to pursue the ends for which the same was

<1cd • that we ic ill he present at the Meetings of the Society, as often as

m, cxjiee'inUy at the Anniversary Elections, and upon extra-

ordi/nir// nernsitmji ; tind that ice will observe the Statutes and Orders of the said

,-ided, thnt whensoever any of us shall signify to the President

under lii.s hand, thnt he dcxireth to withdraw from the Society, he shall be free

i tills Obligation Jvr the future.

<1 if any person elected shall refuse to subscribe the said Obligation, the
ion of thai person shall he void.

Cn.\i. Ill Of the J'iu/im-nt.\ to be made by the Fellows to the Society.
Anm.,-,1 I. raon elected a Fellow of the Society shall, before he is admitted,

// /mum/A' for admission money, the sum of four pounds for

of his election, and the same sum annually in advance so long as he

shall continue a Fellow of the Society. And if any such person shall refuse

1 to p.-iy the sud Minis, he shall not be admitted, and his Election shall

• id sums be remitted in whole, or in part, by special

the Council. Provided always that, except in the case of Fellows

tuttt XII and XIII of Chapter I, the admission fee of each

THE STATUTES OF 190.,

Bellow shall be paid out of the Fee Reduction Fund, .m<l shall not be
demanded of the Fellow ; and that, except in the case of Fellows elected under
Statutes XII and XIII of Chapter I, Fellows elected before llth July, 1902,
by reason of their being Members of the Privy Council, and Fellows elected
before January, 1879, one pound of the annual contribution shall be paid out
of the Fee Reduction Fund.

II. All who have or may become Fellows of the Society may at any time Life Compo-
compound for their annual payments, by paying at once the sum of sixty Sltion8'

III. All Annual Contributions shall be considered to be due on the 25th Annual Con-
day of March in each year. Every Fellow of the Society liable to an Annual
Payment shall, previously to the 25th day of March in every year, bring or send 25th.
the same to the Treasurer or the Assistant Secretary. And if any such Fellow,
after notice sent by post to his usual address, in May, and again in September,
shall fail to pay the same before the first day of October in each year, his
name shall be suspended in the public Meeting-room of the Society as being in
arrear, and shall continue so suspended until the sum due be paid. And if Conse-
any such Fellow shall fail to pay his subscription on or before the first day of
November in each year, no satisfactory reason having been assigned to the raent-
President and Council for such non-payment, he shall cease to be a Fellow of
the Society. Provided, nevertheless, that on a solicitation for readmission
being addressed to the President and Council by an individual so circumstanced,
within the space of one year following St. Andrew"^ Day, the case of the
individual so soliciting shall be stated by the President from the Chair, at one
of the Ordinary Meetings of the Society, and the question of his readmission
be put to the vote at the next Ordinary Meeting of the Society.

CHAP. IV— Of the Death or Recess of Fellows.

I. THE Death or Recess of any Fellow of the Society shall be forthwith Record of
recorded in the Register of Fellows, and the names thus recorded shall be D
announced from the Chair at the Anniversary Meeting for electing the Council
and Officers.

CHAP. V — Of the Causes and Form of Ejection.

I. IF any Fellow of the Society shall contemptuously or contumaciously Grounds for
disobey the Statutes or Orders of the Society or Council ; or shall, by speaking,
writing, or printing, publicly defame the Society ; or advisedly, maliciously,

or dishonestly do anything to the damage, detriment, or dishonour thereof, he
shall be ejected out of the Society.

II. Whensoever there shall appear to be cause for the ejection of any Procedure in
Fellow out of the Society, the subject shall be laid before the Council ; and i

a majority of the Council shall, after due deliberation, determine by ballot to
propose to the Society the ejection of the said Fellow, the President shall in

1.50 KKC01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

that cast-, at some Ordinary Meeting of the Society, announce from the Chair

„, of the" Council; and at the Ordinary Meeting next after

aid announcement has been made, the Society shall proceed

tin- question: and on its appearing that two-thirds of the

,,t have voted for the ejection of the said Fellow, the President

to cam-el his name in the Register, and at the same time

iiounce him ejected in these words: —

/ do, hi/ the 'authority and 'in the name of the Royal Society of London,
/nipnrcintf -Vf//«/Y// Knowledge, declare A.B. to be now ejected, and
no lunger « /-\'llmc thereof.

And the ejection of every such person shall be then recorded in the Journal-
book of the Society; and his name, ,as ejected, be also read at the next
Meeting for Elections.

. ,, \\-Of the Election of the Council and Officers.

c of I. AT the two Ordinary Meetings of the Society next preceding the day of

', tlu- Anniversarv Election, the President shall give notice of the said Election ;

and declare how much it imports the good of the Society, that such persons

mav be chosen into the Council, as are most likely to attend the Meetings and

ness of the Council, out of whom there may be made the best choice of a

President and other Officers.

II. E\crv 1'ellow of the Society resident in the United Kingdom shall have

the Anniversary Meeting for electing the Council and Officers for the
in^, by particular summons, which summons shall be sent to the
ran <>f such Fellow, a week at the least before the day of Meeting, and
! be to this effect :
T7if.sc arc tn gl\r notice, that on the day of

the Council and Officers of the ROYAL SOCIETY are to be elected for the
*>iin»- .- tit iJtlch Election your presence is expected, at of the
(h><k 'm tin- precise/)/.

III. The Council for the ensuing year, out of which shall be chosen the
!' i . ! asinvr, Principal Secretaries, and Foreign Secretary, shall consist

Member* of the existing Council, and of ten Fellows who are not
M. mb«Ts of the existing Council.

I\ . 'II I and Council shall, previous to the Anniversary Meeting,

nun lullot. eleven Members of the existing Council, and also ten

\lrnibe is of the existing Council, whom they recommend to the

.n into the Council for the ensuing year. The President

ncil >h;dl also, in like manner, nominate by ballot, out of the proposed

•icil, the [ liom they recommend to the Society for election to the

ident. Treasurer, Principal Secretaries, and Foreign Secretary for

the -

\ .At the Ordinary Meeting of the Society preceding the Anniversary

THE STATUTES OF 1905 151

Meeting, the names of such persons so recommended for election as Council
and Officers for the ensuing year shall be announced from the Chair.

VI. Lists, with the names of the Fellows recommended by the President Balloting
and Council, and having a blank column opposite for such alterations as any
Fellow may wish to make, shall be prepared for the use of the Fellows one

week before the day of Election.

VII. Two Scrutators shall be nominated by the President, with the Scrutators.
approbation of the Society, to assist the Secretaries in examining the lists.

VIII. Each Fellow voting shall deliver his list to one of the Secretaries or Mode of
Scrutators ; and the name of each Fellow who shall so deliver in his list shall Voting.
be noted by one of the Secretaries.

IX. The Scrutators, after examining the lists with the Secretaries, shall
report to the Society the names of those having the majority of votes for
composing the Council, and filling the offices of President, Treasurer, Principal
Secretaries, and Foreign Secretary ; the names of which persons shall then be
announced from the Chair.

X. For electing any Member of the Council, or any Officer to be elected by Elections to
the Society, upon such vacancies as shall happen in the intervals of the
Anniversary Elections, the summons for such Election, and the proceedings in

it, shall be after the same manner as is directed for the Anniversary Election.

XI. Upon any vacancy of the President's place, occurring in the intervals
of the Anniversary Elections, the Treasurer, or, in his absence, one of the
Secretaries, shall cause the Council to be summoned for the Election of a new
President : and the Council, meeting thereupon in the usual place, or any
eleven or more of them, shall proceed to the said Election, and not separate
until the major part of them shall have agreed upon a new President.

CHAP. VII— Of the President.

I. THE business of the President shall be to preside at all the meetings, and Business of
regulate all the debates, of the Society, Council, and Committees ; to state dent^81
and put questions both in the affirmative and negative, according to the sense

and intention of the meetings; to call for reports and accounts from
Committees, and others; to check irregularities, and to keep all persons to
order ; to summon all Meetings of the Council, and Committee of Papers ; and
to execute, or see to the execution of, the Statutes of the Society.

II. The President shall take precedence of every Fellow of the Society, at Precedence
their ordinary place of meeting ; and also in all other places, where any president
number of the Fellows meet as a Society, Council, or Committee.

III. The President shall annually appoint two or more Members of Council Vice-
to be Vice-Presidents. In the absence of the President, one of the Vice-
Presidents shall act as his deputy, and may do the same acts as the President
himself could do if present ; provided always that the Council may appoint
any Fellow to be Chairman of any Committee other than the Committee of

i.VJ HFAOHD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Investmrnt

,1 in the absence of tin.- President, such Fellow shall act as Chairman

ii Comini-

CHAP. VIII — Of the Treasurer and Ins Accounts.

I. t Mirer, or some person appointed by him, with the approval of
• ouncil, shall receive for the use of the Society all sums of money due

e to the Society; and shall pay and disburse all sums due from or
'••U- hv the Society; and shall keep particular Accounts of all such
its and payments.

II. in of money, payable on account of the Society, exceeding Ten
Tounds, shall he paid only by order of the Council; but payments for rates or

-. to any amount, may be made b,y the Treasurer, without any specific
order of the Council for that purpose.

III. All MUMS of money, which there shall not be present occasion for
•iding or otherwise disposing of to the use of the Society, shall be laid out

in Mich Government or other securities as shall be approved of and directed by
the Council.

IV. The Accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited annually, a short time
preceding the Anniversary Elections, by a Committee consisting of three
Mcml>ers of the Council, of whom the President or one of the Secretaries to be

and of three Fellows of the Society not Members of the Council, who are
to he nominated by the President, with the consent of the major part of the
Fellows present, Lpven by ballot at one of the three next preceding weekly
meeting ; any one or more of the said three Members of the Council, together
with any one or more of the said three Fellows, shall be a Quorum of the said
Committee: the Members of the said Committee who are of the Council shall
make their Report to the Council held next after such audit, on or before the
.\nni\ersary Election ; and the Members of the said Committee who are not
of the Council shall make their Report to the Society, upon the Meeting next

e the Anniversary Election, or on the day of the said Election.

V. As .soon after the Audit as may be, and before the Anniversary Meeting,
'!»• '1 -ball OHM an abstract of the Society's Accounts of the preceding

< printed for the use of the Fellows.

\ !• Th. ' ^ball have the charge of the Title Deeds of the Society's

:ie Policies of Insurance, and Securities, and shall have the general
x'iety's property.

CHAP. IX — Of the Two Secretaries.

I tttriet shall be responsible to the Council for the general

'l correspondence, publications, and all other business,

» which ivlate> to finance.

II ()I1(> <>f them, shall attend all meetings of the Society,
nd Committee of Papers; where, when the President has taken the

TIIK STATl TKS OF 11)05 m

Chair, one of the Secretaries shall read the minute^, orders, and entries ol tin-
preceding meeting ; and shall be responsible for the accuracy of the ininuti
the business and orders of the present meeting, to be entered by the Assistant
Secretary in the respective books to which they relate.

CHAT. X — Of the Foreign, Secretary.

I. THE duty of the Secretary for Foreign Correspondence shall be to conduct Duties of the
correspondence with foreign parts, relating to the business of the Society, to
return thanks for presents from foreigners made to the Society, and to forward
to persons elected Foreign Members the Diplomas certifying their election into
the Society.

CHAP. XI — Of tlie Assistant Secretary.

I. THE appointment of a person to the office of Assistant Secretary shall be Appointment
by the Council, to whom the Officer so appointed shall give security, at the ^ssiSant
discretion of the Council ; and he shall hold office during the pleasure of the Secretary.
Council.

II. The person who shall be chosen to the office of Assistant Secretary, shall Assistant

either not be a Fellow of the Society or, if a Fellow, shall cease to be so ujxm a' r

his appointment to, and acceptance of that office.

III. The Assistant Secretary shall be paid for his services according to the Payment of
determination of the Council. He shall be subject to such Standing Orders as secretary^
shall be made, and shall follow such directions as may be given by the Presi-

dent and Council. He shall give all his time to the work of the Society, and
shall attend in the Office of the Society as prescribed by such Standing Orders.

IV. The Assistant Secretary shall act under the general direction of the
Secretaries, and in their absence shall represent them.

He shall also act on the directions which may be given him from time to
time by the Treasurer in that part of his duties which relates to the finances
of the Society.

V. Subject to such Standing Orders and directions as aforesaid, the Assistant Duties of the
Secretary shall be charged with (1) the general administrative business of the Secretary.
Society : (2) the control of the Offices and library and of all persons therein
employed, and the arrangement of the office work : (3) the conduct of the

general correspondence.

It shall be his duty, except on such special occasions as may be specified by
Standing Orders, or as may be determined by the President, to attend all
meetings of the Council and Committees and take the minutes thereof, which
minutes he shall submit to the Secretaries for their revision or approval.

VI. He shall, subject as aforesaid, have the charge and custody of the Charter-
book, Statute-book, Journal-books of the Society and Council, Register-books,
Manuscripts, and Archives belonging to the Society ; all which shall, except
in such cases as the Council shall otherwise order, be kept in the House of the

154 KKCOU1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

\. that they may he in readiness to be produced at any meetings of the
the case may require, or as shall be ordered by the
Council or President.

\ II. Ho shall also, subject as aforesaid, have the charge and custody of the
pajHi-s and writings relating to the business of the Society, and shall not suffer
tl,t.m to ! d from the House of the Society without the sanction of the

s

Mr'.-t.ML'.

Mrrt

l.ltlOII Of

CHAP. Ull— Of the Ordinary Meetings of the Society.

I. Tin Se.ssion of the Society shall commence on the first Thursday in
:nber. and end on the last Thursday in June.

II. Tho Ordinary Meetings of the Society shall be. on Thursdays weekly
;>ting Christmas, Passion, and Easter weeks, and such other weeks at
^tmas and Master, in each year, as the Council may in the preceding year
mine) and shall begin at half-past Four o'clock in the Afternoon precisely.

III. No stranger shall be permitted to be present during the Meeting, unless
Itv invitation of the President, or by his leave or order upon the recommenda-
tion of some Fellow.

I \ . The business of the Society in their Ordinary Meetings shall be to order,
lake account, consider, and discourse of philosophical experiments and obser-
\atioi is ; to read, hear, and discourse upon letters, reports, and other papers
containing philosophical matters ; as also to view, and discourse upon, rarities
of nature and art : and thereupon to consider, what may be deduced from them,
or :m\ of them ; and how far they, or any of them, may be improved for use
or discovery.1

\ At the meetings of the Society, Lists of the Presents made from time to

I inio to tin Society shall be laid on the Table, by one of the Secretaries, for

the inspection of the Follows; and the thanks of the Society to the Donors

shall he proposed from the Chair previously to the reading of the first Paper.

retaries. shall give notice of any Candidate who stands proposed

!'-ol ion into the Society at that Meeting; and the Secretaries shall read

P i presented to the Society, in such manner as the President

shall <lii<

\ I. No letter, report, or other paper shall be read at any Ordinary Meeting

• mnnmicated by a Fellow or Foreign Member; and it shall be

the duty of each IVllou or Foreign Member to satisfy himself that any letter,

t. or other pajM-r which he may communicate, is suitable to be read

\ II. The eonduet of the Ordinary Meetings shall be in accordance with the
:< term incd from time to time by the President and Council,
provided always that at the Ordinary Meetings nothing relating to Statutes
1 of the Society shall he brought forward or discussed.

1 This i, tin- uunlinu- ()f thr Statute- :H -rivon in the Statutes of 1663.

THE STATUTES OF 1905 155

CHAP. XIII— Of Special General Meetings of the Society.

I. THE Anniversary Meeting for the election of the Council and Officers, Anniversary
and the Annual Meeting for the election of Fellows, shall take place at an Meeting,
hour to be determined by the Council.

II. The President or Council may at any time call a Special General Meet- Special
ing of the Society when it may appear to them to be necessary. Vi«'< tm'^

III. Any six Fellows may, by notice in writing, signed by them, and
delivered to one of the Secretaries at an Ordinary Meeting of the Society,
require a Special General Meeting of the Society to be convened, for the pur-
pose of considering and determining on the matters specified in such requisition,
and the President shall, within one week after such requisition shall have been
so delivered, appoint a day for a Special General Meeting accordingly.

IV. One week's notice of any Special General Meeting shall be given to each
Fellow resident in the United Kingdom, and such notice shall state the object
of such Meeting.

V. At such Meeting no business shall be brought forward except what shall
have been so notified.

CHAP. XIV— Of the Publication of Papers.

I. THE Members of the Council for the time being shall constitute and be Committee
a standing Committee, to be called the Committee of Papers, to whom the "ap61"8-
consideration of the acceptance, reading, and publication of all papers com-
municated to the Society shall be referred, and who shall execute their powers

in accordance with Standing Orders determined from time to time by the
President and Council. The Committee of Papers shall meet at such times as
shall be appointed by the President ; due and sufficient notice of such meeting
having been previously sent to every Member of the Committee.

II. At a meeting of the said Committee no less number than seven of the Quorum.
Members (of which number the President, or, in his absence, a Vice-President,

shall always be one) shall be a quorum.

III. The decisions of the Committee of Papers shall be determined by the Voting,
majority of votes of those present and voting, and the voting shall be open,
unless the President shall direct that the voting shall be by ballot. In case

of an equality of votes, the President shall have a second or casting vote.

The decisions of the Committee shall be .duly entered in the Minute-book of
the Committee.

IV. The publication of papers communicated to the Society, and of such Form of
other matters as the President and Council may judge fit to publish, shall take Pl
place under Standing Orders determined from time to time by the President

and Council, but always in such a way that a proper portion of them shall
from time to time be printed and published under the title of the * Philosophi-
cal Transactions of the Royal Society of London,' and another proper portion
under the title of the * Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,"1 provided

KFA01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

thai tin- President and Council shall have power to publish either
papei^ or other matter in Mich form and under such conditions as they may

n tinu- to time determine.

,ws \ The /'/,,7mvy;// /W Tnnmiclion* and the Proceedings shall be printed at

get and for tin- use and benefit, of the Society, and of the Fellows

be intent that each of the present Fellows, who actually contri-

i payi towards tin- support of the Society, or who has compounded

H h contribution, according to the rules and orders established in relation

Ot who lias to rot her particular reasons been exonerated and discharged

sueh contribution by order of the Council, may receive gratis, under

.i limitations, one copy of such of the Philosophical Transactions, and of

shall be printed as aforesaid ; and that all persons who shall

1,,-r, Emitted Fellows shall, under the same conditions, receive, and be

entitled to. the like- benefit and advantage.

\ I. 'I'll. Assistant. Secretary shall deliver gratis one of the said copies of the
'/'<>//.v to e\erv Fellow of the Society (except as hereinafter excepted)
\\ho shall demand the same, either in person, or by letter.

Provided always, that no Fellow whatsoever of the Society shall be entitled
to demand or receive any such copy of the Transactions, whose election and
payment of Admission fees and regular Contributions shall not have preceded
date of the time appointed for the delivery of the said Transactions;
neither shall the Kxecutor of any deceased Fellow receive a copy of the Trans-
tn'thiis published after the death of such Fellow.

: Pro\idcd also, that no Fellow of the Society shall receive, or be entitled to

gntftf, an\ copy or copies of the Transactions, so printed as aforesaid,

ii- >hall have elapsed from the time of the Assistant Secretary's

ing begun to deliver out such copies respectively; but his neglecting to

did them for so long a time shall be deemed a forfeiture and dereliction of

liis right thereto: unless the Council for the time being, upon being made

Minted with the reason of such delay, and having regard to the circum-

• s of the application, and the amount of stock in hand, shall order such

M the\ mav think fit to be so delivered.

\ II. The Assist.-mt Secretary shall further cause to be distributed gratis to
all the Fellows of the Society, by post or otherwise, copies of the Proceedings
\enient after their appearance.

if. \\ Of the Honk* and Papers of the Society.

I- '• ''I !><• had and kept a Hook, called the Charter-book, wherein

shall h.- f.>irly written the copy of the Charters, all the Royal Grants on the

.If of the Sorietx. and the Obligation to be subscribed by the Fellows of

'•ty in their own hand-writing.

II. There shall be kept a Hook, called the Statute-book, wherein shall be
fairly written, ,,,- printed, all the I/.ws, Statutes, and Constitutions made, or

THE STATUTES OF i !><)., l ,7

to be made, concerning the government and regulating of the Society or

Council ; and also a Register of the Fellows of the Society, with the times of Roister of

their Election and Admission.

III. There shall be kept Journal-boohs of the Society, and also of tin- ( Ouiu il, Journal-
wherein shall be entered all the minutes, orders, and business of the Society

and Council at their respective meetings ; to which Journal-books any Fellow
may have access at such times as the Library is open.

IV. A Book shall be kept, in which the title of each communication Register of
received, the date of its reception at the apartments of the Society, and the

name of the Fellow or Foreign Member who communicates it, shall be duly
entered in the order of its reception.

V. The original copy of every Paper received at the Society shall be Papers corn-
considered the property of the Society, if there be no previous engagement m

with its author to the contrary ; but any author may withdraw a paper, Withdrawal

provided it has not yet been read, or may, by leave of the Council, have a °

copy of his paper ; and it shall be in the power of the Council, if they think

fit, to return to any author such drawings or other illustrations accompanying

any paper communicated by him or on his behalf, which he may ask in writing

to be returned to him. All the Papers not withdrawn shall be delivered to

the Committee of Papers.

CHAP. XVI— Of the Archives of the Society.

I. THE scientific and historical manuscript collections of the Society, Manuscripts,
including the collections of engravings, and also confidential reports relating

to papers submitted to the Society, shall be preserved in the Archives, and
catalogued so as to be available to duly authorised persons for consultation
and study. The manuscripts of all papers read before the Society, of which
the publication has been deferred, shall be preserved in the Archives.

II. A catalogue of the manuscripts in the Archives shall be available for Catalogue,
reference at the rooms of the Society ; and permission may be granted by the
Council or Officers of the Society to Fellows or to any person duly introduced

by a Fellow, to consult and examine specified manuscripts not of a confidential
character.

III. No manuscript deposited in the Archives shall be removed from the Manuscripts
rooms of the Society without permission of the Council, on security given for "^ovetf.
its safe custody and return.

CHAP. XVII— Of the Library.

I. THE Library shall be open to the Fellows on such days, and at such Library
hours, and subject to such regulations, as the Council may from time to time
determine by Standing Orders.

UFA OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Bed,

S«M! i n^

in-ikr and

•\\f or

CHAP. \\III-Ofthe Common Seal and Deeds.

I. Tm Common Seal of the Society shall be kept in a box, the key of which
>h.-ill l>e kept in a -ealed packet. AYhen the Common Seal has to be used, this
packet -hall In- opened by tin- President in Council ; and at the Council meet-
ing at which it is so opened, the Common Seal having been replaced in the box,

>rked. tin- key shall again be enclosed in a packet, which shall be
sealed \>\ the President with his private seal. The box and sealed packet shall
IM kept at the Society's Apartments in an iron safe.

II. )< ed or writing, to which the Common Seal is to be affixed,
-lull be passi-d and sealed in Council.

CHAP, XIX— Of the Restraint of Dividends to Fellows.
I. Tm Society shall not, and by its laws may not, make any Dividend,
Division, or Bonus in Money unto or between any of its Members.

CHAP. \\~Ofthe Standing Orders of the Society.

I Tm Council may from time to time make Standing Orders for the regu-
<>f the affairs of the Society, provided that such Standing Orders be not
contrary to anything contained in the Charters or Statutes of the Society.
Such Standing Orders may be made, amended or repealed at any meeting of
the Council, provided that notice of any proposed new Standing Order, amend-
ment or repeal has been given at the preceding Council. Such notice shall
specify the proposed new Standing Order, amendment or repeal.

\r. XXI — Of the Milking, Amending, and Repealing of Laws.
I. I'm; the making of any new Statute of the Society or for the amendment

pral of any Statute or any part thereof, notice of the proposed new

mcndment or repeal shall be given at a meeting of the Council, and

Mich not ice shall specify the proposed new Statute, amendment or repeal. The

Council shall thereupon appoint a day for the consideration of the proposal.

ieh day the <|iiestion to be resolved shall be to this effect, viz., 'Whether

the proposed new Statute, amendment or repeal shall be proposed at another

And if this l,e determined in the affirmative the Council shall

tor Mich proposal. On such day the question shall be to this

- Whether the proposed new Statute, amendment or repeal shall

be agreed upon '-' And in <-a>e the said new Statute, amendment or repeal

be agreed unto, tin- same -hall be recorded in the Statute Book of the Society,

and when -o n-corded shall puvs for a law.

159

NOTES ON THE HISTORY OF THE STATUTES1

I. THE STATUTES FROM 1663 TO 1752.

DL-RIXC; the succeeding ninety years changes were from time to time mad* in
the Statutes ; but no new version of the Statutes appears to have been « I
up until the year 1752.2

' The laws of the Royal Society, like those of other communities, were alt«-i « I
from time to time, until they appeared sufficient to embrace every contingency
that might occur, while they held their meetings in Gresham College, which
they continued to do for near the space of fifty years. But the arrangement
of the Society's affairs being somewhat altered upon possessing a house of their
own, it became necessary to make different establishments in many particulars
and to alter and augment some of their Statutes. However, the greater part
of them was still left in the original form, suited to the situation of the Society
at Gresham College.'' 3

Between 1663 and 1752, the following seem to have been the most important
changes.

(a) The Election of Fellows.

In the original Statutes of 1663, Cap. VI, 'Of the Election and Admission
of Fellows.' Stat. i provides that candidates be propounded at one meeting,
and put to the vote at some other meeting at which twenty-one fellows (as
prescribed by Charter) are present ; but that every one of his Majesty's
subjects having the title and place of Baron, or any higher title and place, and
every one of his Majesty's Privy Council, may be propounded and put to the
vote the same day. And Stat. iii of the same chapter provides that ' the name
of every person propounded as a Candidate, together with the name of the
Fellow proposing, shall be entered in the Journal-book ' ; by which it appears
that * propounding ' by one Fellow was sufficient.

In 1682, however, the following was proposed on August 2, and passed on
August 5 : —

* The Statute for Election of Fellows having by long Experience been found
insufficient for bringing in persons qualifyed for the ends of the Institution of
the Royal Society, few balloting in the negative and presuming the person to be
well known to the Member that Proposeth the Candidate, it is thought requisite
by the Councell to propose this Statute following, —

1 Reprinted with additions from ' Proceedings of the Royal Society ', vol. 50, p. 501.

2 The British Museum contains a small 8vo edition, dated 1728, but this appears to be
a verbatim copy of the Statutes of 1663, except that Cap. VI, Sec. 7, begins with the
words ( The admission of, instead of ' The election and admission of.

3 Preface to Statutes, Edition of 1776.

n;o KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

, ,u that \\ould propose a Candidate shall first give in his name to

be Councell, that so in the next Councell it may be discoursed viva

,D is known to be so qualified as in probability to be

!l to the Society. And if the Councell return no other Answer but that

v further time to be acquainted with the gentleman proposed, the

take- that tor an Answer. And if they are well assured that the

Candidate mnv In- u>el'ull to the Society then the Candidate shall be proposed

at tlu- nt-xt meeting of the Society and ballotted according to the Statute in

that behalf, and shall immediately sign the usual Bond and pay his admission

money upon hi> Admission."

V ither the Statute of 1663, nor the Edition of 1752, make any mention of
the • Bond for the payment of the contribution'; the words first occur in the
Kdition of 177(5, but the actual Bonds preserved in the Archives of the Society

,»m January 1, 1674, onwards. (See Note on p. 173.)

In 17:JS, January 4th (1727 old style), the following Statute was passed, that
of His-.' being apparently repealed: —

• 1 on to be Elected Fellow of the Society shall first at a Meeting

of tin Society he propounded as a candidate to be approved by the Council,
and shall he recommended by three members, one of which at least shall be a
member of the Council, and one of them shall at the same Time mention and
i\ the qualification of the said Candidate. And afterwards such Person
shall at another meeting of the Society (whereat there shall be a competent
Number for making Elections) be referred back from the Council if approved,
and shall then be propounded and put to the Vote for Election Saving
and Kxccpling that it shall be free for every one of his Majesties Subjects who
or the son of a Peer of Great Britain or Ireland, and for every one
of hi- Majest ies l'ri\ v ( 'ouncil of either of the said kingdoms to be propounded
i\ single Person and to be put to the Vote for Election on the same Day,
being promt a competent Number for making Elections.1
This, ho\\e\er, was in turn, very soon, viz., in 1730, changed to the follow-
all mention of Council being omitted from the Statute: —
' ^v on to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, shall be

propounded and recommended at a meeting of the Society by three or more
Meinber> ; \\ho shall then deliver to one of the Secretaries a paper, signed by
themselves \\ith their own names, specifying the name, addition, profession,
'.'.ition, and chief qualificat ions; the- inventions, discoveries, works, writings,
kher production* of the candidate for Election; as also notifying the usual
of his habitation.

\\hieh paper, with the date of the day when delivered, shall

!H' fixed up in the common meeting room ofthe Society at ten several ordinary

be said candidate shall be put to the ballot: Saving and

• tin^, that it. shall be free for every one of his Majesty's subjects, who is a

: (ireat Britain or Ireland, and for everyone of his

NOTES ON HISTORY OF THE STATUTES ir.i

Majesty's Privy council of either of the said Kingdoms, and for every foreign
Prince or Ambassador, to be propounded by any single person, and to be put
to the ballot for Election on the same day, there being present a competent
number for making Elections."1

The Statute appears in this form in the Edition of 1752 as Stat. x of Cap. VI.

(b) The Admission of Fellow ft.

At the same meeting on January 4th, 1728, the two following Statutes were
enacted :—

' II. Every Person who is a Foreigner and every one of his Majesties
Subjects whose habitation or usual place of residence is at more than fortv
miles distance from London, shall be and be deemed as a Fellow of the Society
immediately after he shall be Elected, and shall be registered in the Journal
Book of the Society as such : Provided always, that no such person shall have
liberty to Vote at any Election or meeting of the Society before he shall be
qualified pursuant to the Statutes. And if he shall neglect so to qualify him-
self the first time he comes to London when he may be present at a meeting of
the Society and can be admitted ; his election shall be declared Void, and his
Name shall be cancelled in the Register.

' III. No Person shall be Proposed, Elected, or Admitted a Fellow of the
Society upon St. Andrew's Day or the Day of the Anniversary meeting for
Electing the Council and Officers.'

These two paragraphs appear in the Edition of 1752 as Stats, viii and ix
respectively of Cap. VI.

As far, then, as the election and admission of Fellows are concerned, no new
Statutes were enacted in 1752 ; the Edition of that year simply adds to the
Statutes of 1663 the two enacted in 1727 and the one enacted in 1730.

(c) The Election of Council and Officers.

In the original Statutes, Cap. VII, ' Of the Election of the Council and
Officers,' makes arrangements that the eleven members of the existing Council
who are to be continued should first be determined, after that the ten new
members, and finally the officers. The Statutes of 1752 reproduce the chapter
in its original form of twelve statutes, with the addition of Stat. xiii, enacted
in 1735, which provides that in order to lessen the tediousness of the election,
Fellows may give in at the same time three lists — (1) of eleven old Members of
Council to continue, (2) of ten new Members, (3) of Officers.

(d) The Philosophical Transactions.

But the most important changes introduced in 1752, those which probably
led to the issue of the new version of the Statutes in that year, relate to the
1 Philosophical Transactions '. In the old Statutes, Cap. XIII, ' Of the
Printer to the Society,' provides for the printing and binding of books, cata-

M

ir,i> HKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

lollies, and ^w\\ other tilings by order of the Society or Council ; there are
no other provisions as to publications. From time to time the Council, acting
tor the Socictv. gave the licence or imprimatur of the Society to certain books.
re printed by the Society's printer, but not at the cost of the Society ;
nor were they published at the risk of the Society. The cost and risk was
undertaken by the printer or by some other person or persons. The treatment
of the * Philosophical Transactions ' was at first somewhat similar. These were
begun in 16(55, but up to the 46th volume inclusive, published in 1749-50,
•the printing of them was always, from time to time, the single act of the
respective Secretaries ' (Advertisement to * Philosophical Transactions ', vol. 47),
though tliev were licensed by the Council. Thus with regard to the first
number the Council (Minutes, March 1, 1664) ordered ' that the Philosophical
Transactions, to be composed by Mr. Oldenburg, be printed the first Munday
of everv month, if he have sufficient matter for it, and that that Tract be
licensed bv the Council of the Society, being first reviewed by some of the
Members of the same. And that the President be desired, now to Licence
the first papers thereof, being written in four sheets in folio, to be printed by
John Martyn and James Allestree.' This practice of licensing was, up to
17.~)2, continued with reference to those papers read before the Society which
were published in the 'Transactions'.

In 1752 it was determined to place the publication of the 'Philosophical
Transactions' directly in the hands of the Council, and the Edition of the
Statutes of 1752, while leaving Cap. XIII intact, adds the following two new
chapters (XX and XXI) enacted March 26th of that year: —

Cap. XX, 4 Of the selecting of Papers laid before the Society, in order for
Publication/ establishes and lays down regulations for the 'Committee of
Papers". These regulations declare that the Quorum of the Committee of
Papers is to be five-, and a provision is contained that no entry in the Minute-
book of the Committee is to be made of Papers ' thought improper to be laid
before the public1.

The Statute in its original form provides that the Committee 'shall be at
liberty to call in to their assistance . . . any other members of the Society
who are knowing and well skilled in any particular branch of Science that
shall happen to be the subject-matter of any paper which shall be then to
come under their deliberation', and this practice is still in force. The custom
of the Committee is now. and for a long time has been, to 'call in to their
two or more Fellows, by asking for written reports, and such
I''«-H" '^in.LC "re generally spoken of as 'referees'. Though the records

of the Society ^K.U that even in the earliest days of the Society, communica-
tion* made to the Society were frequently submitted to Fellows in order that
their opinions thereon might he obtained, the earliest mention which has been
found in the Society's records of a paper being technically 'referred' is on
when a paper by Mr. Ludlow was 'referred' to Mr. Cavendish

NOTES ON HISTORY OF TIIK STATUTES

and Dr. Hutton. There does not appear to be a similar record until Mart 1
1831, when a paper by Prof. Davy was referred to Mr. Faraday. By 1
however, the practice of referring papers seems to have become common.
>ome time the name of the person (or persons) to whom the paper was referred
i> >t<ited in the Minutes of the Committee of Papers, and in all these cases,
including those just mentioned, the persons in question wore member* of the
Council. Soon, however, the name was omitted, the entrv bring simply
'referred1. There seems to be no means of ascertaining when * referees'1
outside the Council were first had recourse to, or when the practice of writ tm
reports first began.

Cap. XXI, 'Of the manner of Publication of the Papers laid before tin-
Society, and defraying the Expences thereof," provides for the printing and
distribution of the ' Philosophical Transactions \

(e) Payments by Fellows.

In order to defray the additional expenses thus incurred by the publication
and gratis distribution to the Fellows of the ' Philosophical Transactions ', the
4 admission-money ' is by Stat. ii of Cap. XXI raised from two guineas to five
guineas. In Cap. Ill of the Statutes of 1663, « Of the Payments by the Fellow >
to the Society ,"* the admission-money is fixed at forty shillings, and indeed, in
the Edition of 1752, the same sum of forty shillings is retained in this Chapter,
the error apparently escaping notice. The change from forty shillings to forty -
two shillings (two guineas) seems to have taken place at some time in the
interval.

II. THE STATUTES FROM 175,2 TO 1776.

In 1774 and 1775, the Council were engaged in considering the Statutes,
and in 1776 published a new Edition, containing several important changes.
An interesting preface to this Edition (from which a quotation is given at
p. 159), explains that in spite of large changes in the practices of the Society,
the Statutes had been kept as far as possible in their original form ; and,
indeed, the Statutes of 1752 differ from those of 1663 chiefly in the additions
described above.

In 1776, however, the Council determined to bring the Statutes into more
strict conformity with the practice of the Society, and in consequence the
Edition of 1776 differs widely from the two earlier versions. Five whole
chapters are omitted, viz. V, Of Experiments, and the Reports thereof; XI.
Of Curators by Office; XIII, Of the Printer to the Society ; XIV, Of Opera-
tors to the Society ; XVII, Of Benefactors ; the twenty-one chapters of 1752
being thus reduced to sixteen. The preface explains how the changes in the
Society had long rendered these Statutes unnecessary.

The order of the several chapters is largely altered, the new arrangement
adopted being that which has on the whole been followed in subsequent
editions, and is still maintained.

nu RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

(n) The Election of Fellows.

In the Statutes as amended in 1776 the regulations for the election of

I-'ellowx remain on the whole unchanged, save that it is precisely stated that

• the competent number' for making an election, a majority of

wary, and in the Statute relating to what came to be

called the • privileged class ', the words 'Foreign Prince or Ambassador' are
replaced by tlu- words 'Foreign Sovereign Prince, or the son of «, Sovereign
Prince, or an Ambassador to the Court of Great Britain \

(b) Composition Fee.

In the Edition of 17.") 2, as stated above, no mention is made of any 'bond1

Miiposition fee ', but in the next year, 1753 (June 7), the Statute, Cap. VI,

viii. concerning Foreigners and persons residing more than 40 miles from

London, was repealed, and the following enactment was substituted : —

• That no one of his Majesties subjects, or any other person residing in his

Dominions, who shall be elected a Fellow of the Society, shall be

deemed an actual Fellow thereof, nor shall the name of any such person be

1 in the Journal Book, or printed in the List of Fellows of the Society,

until such Person shall have paid his admission Fee, and given the usual Bond,

or paid the Sum of Twenty-one pounds for the use of the Society in lieu of

contributions : But that upon such payment or giving Bond as aforesaid, it

shall be lawful tor the Society to give leave for the name of any such person

"o el : ton -said to be entered in the Journal Book, and printed in the

list of Fellows of the Society : Provided always that no such person shall have

lilwrty to Vote at any Election or Meeting of the Society, before he shall be

duly admitted a Fellow thereof pursuant to the former Statute.'

This is the first time that the Statutes contain any reference to a com -
position :

In 17nT> (December 11) a Statute was passed increasing the composition fee
from twenty to twenty-six guineas ; and the Statute of 1753 just quoted re-
appear-, with some slight, changes, in the Edition of 1776 as Stat. viii of Cap. I,
the 4 Mini of twenty-one pounds" being altered into 'the sum appointed', and
be Chapter on payments by Fellows states to be twenty-six guineas.

(<•) Foreign Members.

Tin Statute of 17 7(i contain, what the Statutes of 1752 and 1663 do not,
gulatumi for Fellows ' residing in foreign parts and not subjects of
llTticb Dominion- *.

i Statute \\as passed providing that persons 'residing in

leeted Fellows, should not pay fees; in 1716 a

Den \\lrn are Fellows; and in 1737 a resolution

mcil (which did not become a Statute) proposed that Foreigners resident

I

NOTES ON HISTORY OF THE STATUTES 165

in London might be on the Home List if they paid contributions. It would
appear, therefore, that although no mention of the matter was made in 1
from an early period a distinction was recognized between Fellows who were
Foreigners and others, and that the Fellows who were Foreigner- di«l not, of
necessity, pay contributions to the Society. In the Register <>t l-Vll<mN how-
ever, at this date no distinction of any kind is made.

It was apparently soon felt that the Foreign Members were too numerous
and in some cases not of sufficient distinction ; for in 1761 (March 19) the
Council, in order to ensure that ' no persons residing in Foreign parts, not being
subjects of the Crown of Great Britain, be elected Fellows unless their Quali-
fications be very well known as well abroad as at home \ enacted a Statute
providing that in the case of such persons the certificate should be signed by
at least ' three Foreign Fellows ', as well as at least ' by three Fellows named in
the Home List'. And in 1765 (December 19) on a proposal 'to restrain the
number of Foreign Members ', it was resolved ' that no Foreigner be proposed
for election that is not known to the learned world, by some publication or
invention which may enable the Society to form a judgment of his merit, and
that till the number of Foreign Members be reduced to eighty, not more than
two shall be admitted in one year.1 A special mode of procedure in the election
f Foreigners as Fellows was, at the same time, resolved upon, providing for an
ection of two a year ; and a subsequent resolution (December 26) provides
,t Foreign Members paying contributions shall ' have their names printed
an alphabetical List next after that of the Home Members, as Foreign
embers1 contributing towards the expenses of the Society1, and so distinct
m 'other Foreign Members1 ' who do not contribute1. On January 16 of
next year the limitation to eighty was withdrawn, and the above resolutions
ere then embodied in the form of Statutes. These at the same time provided
the new regulation should not extend to Foreign Princes or their sons,
gave permission to Foreigners resident in Great Britain to become Fellows
the usual way, which permission was extended on January 26, 1769, to
'oreigners who had been resident in Great Britain for the space of six months,
n after, namely on June 10, 1773, the word 'Foreigner1 appears in the
Register1 for the first time, being placed after the names of Stehelin, Le Roy,
and De Luc ; thenceforward it is used frequently.

In the Edition of 1776 these regulations, in a somewhat modified form, are
traduced as part of Stat. viii of Cap. I ; the limitation to the election of two
year is omitted, and the certificates, signed by at least three Fellows upon
Foreign List, and at least by three Fellows on the Home List, are directed
be suspended from the 30th November until the weekly Meeting on, or
xt after, the 30th May. Some years afterwards, however (March 8, 1787),
s part of Stat. viii was repealed, and a new Sec. 9 was added which provides

1 It may be remarked that in the early records of the Society the words ' Member ' ami
' fellow ' appear to be used indiscriminately.

166 KFAORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

i ode of procedure in the election, under the title of

V of prisons 'who are neither natives nor inhabitants of his

dominions'. The number is limited to 100. Certificates signed

Iowa are to In- presented at some meeting between Easter

and tlu- Annivers.in. At a meeting immediately before the following Easter

• vtion of candidate* is to be made, and the candidates so selected are to

llotcd for at the next meeting immediately after Easter. These regu-

, not. however, to apply to Sovereign Foreign Princes or their sons,

re n -sident in Great Britain as may desire to become Fellows

in the usual v.

(//) The Officers of the Society, the Clerk, Librarian, <$r.

No alterations arc made in the Statutes of 1776 for the election of Council

and Officers; but to meet the changes in the contributions there the regu-

Dfl for the Treasurer are modified. The duties of the Secretaries also

undergo modification, chiefly in reference to the Clerk and to the publication

of tlu- * Philosophical Transactions'.

Cap. X provides regulations for the qualifications, mode of election, duties
and remunerations of the Clerk, the Librarian, the Keeper of the Repository,
and the I louse-Keeper.

The Statutes of 1663 contain regulations for the Clerk, and prescribe

clerkly duties for him; and the Society had at first neither House-Keeper

nor Librarian. When in 1710 the Society moved to Crane Court, the

of House- Keeper was established ; but the Clerk was then made House-

A- the Librarv and Repository increased the offices of Librarian and

i the Repository were established ; but both these offices were held by

the Clerk, under supervision, during a certain period at all events, of Fellows

chosen for that duty under the title of ' Inspectors '. But the Statutes of 1752

in no regulations for these offices other than that of the Clerk, the

onceniing whom remain exactly the same as in 1663; and in spite

of the special regulations present in the edition of 1776, it appears that the

i v had never more than one officer to carry out these several duties, and

Hut he was called M he Clerk', until at a later period (1823) the office of

Clerk was abolished, and that of Assistant Secretary instituted.

(V) The Ordinary Meetings of the Society.

In the edition of 1 77f>, Cap. XI, « Of the Ordinary Meetings of the Society/

1 provides that the ordinary Meetings shall be held on 'Thursdays,

•inin^ at r» p.m., and continue about an hour, as usual, at the discretion of

- -ni \ This Statute was passed in 17(><).
'n»l st W>:j (IV, Stat. i) provided that the ordinary meetings

•ii-tiiiiriiisluMl from r,-ll,,w. Iii the edition of 1776 and thence-
forward the term MnnlMT. a> allied to ati ordinary Fellow, is never used.

NOTES ON HISTORY OF TI1K STATl IKS 167

should be held on 'Wednesday, be^innin^ al,()1,t three of the clock in tin-
afternoon, and continuing until six, unless the major part of the 1 <
present shall, for that time, resolve to rise sooner, or sit later'. And th,
Statutes of 1752 reproduced exactly the Statute (IV, Stat. i) of 166U. \
theless, the records of the Society show that the day and hour of the onli
meeting were more than once changed in the interval, as they have \>
The following table shows the changes and their respective dat<, up to tin
present time : —

1663. On Wednesdays, at 2 p.m.

July 1, 1663, changed to Wednesday, 3 to 6 p.m.

Feb. 5, 1666 „ Thursday at 3 p.m.

April 10, 1672 „ Wednesday.

Oct. 30,1674 „ Thursday at 3 p.m.

Dec. 8, 1690 „ Wednesday „ 4 „

March 1, 1710 „ Thursday „ 4 „

April 20, 1769 „ Thursday „ 6 „

June 15, 1780 „ Thursday ,,8 „

(?) 1831 „ Thursday ,,8.30 p.m.'

Feb. 19,1880 „ Thursday „ 4.30 „

The first Statute enacting that no meeting should be held on certain da\-
or in certain weeks was passed in 1831 ; previously to that time the Statutes
simply said ' upon Wednesday ', or ' upon Thursday '. But the practice of
having an Autumn recess was of much older date than 1831 ; moreover, the
Journal Book shows that from the earliest times it was customary to hold
no meetings on Ash Wednesday and certain other holy days, and that in
particular no meeting was held on the anniversary of the death of Charles I.
In 1661 the Journal Book omits the date, January 30, without remark,
although a meeting was due upon that day. On January 30, 1666, the
Minute appears, 'This day being the Anniversary Fast-Day, there was no
Meeting of the Society.' In 1667, the entry is, ' The Society met not, because
of the solemne Fast.' Similar entries occur in subsequent years, the last bein<r
on January 30, 1834. After this date the custom was omitted.

(f) The Admission of Strangers to the Meetings of the Society.

In the Statutes of 1752, any of His Majesty's subjects having the title and
place of a Baron, or having any higher title or place, are permitted to be
present at the Meetings of the Society, ' with the allowance of the President ";
other persons may attend ' upon leave obtained of the President and Fellows
present'. In 1776 the mention of titled persons is omitted, and the Statute
simply provides for ' strangers ' being present. Some years later, viz., in 1784,
a new section was added to Cap. XI as follows : —

1 Careful search has failed to show when this change was made, but it was probably
about this time.

UKCOKD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

• \ 1. That tin- meetings of the Society may not be wasted by unprofitable
debates, contrary to tin- intent and meaning of the fifth section of this chapter,

iMicd. and ordained, that every motion or question,

pn>|x»ed to be ballotted for by the Society, shall be fairly transcribed on

,11; >igned by six or more Fellows of the Society, it shall be by

i to one of the Secretaries at a meeting of the Society; and shall

thereupon he read immediately alter the declaration of the Presents on the

table; and after being marked by the Secretary with the date of the day

dclixered, it shall be fixed up in the common Meeting-room of the

the next ordinary Meeting; and on the Meeting next following the

sin >c. it >hall be put to the Ballot, unless those who have signed it agree to

withdraw it.

• Hut nothing contained in this Statute is to be construed to extend to
matter> relathe to elections, or the ordinary business of the Society.1

The motion^ or questions proposed to be 'ballotted for1 must therefore
ha\e had reference to matters of science.

(£•) Publications., Records, and Library.

In Cap. XII, of the Statutes as amended in 1776, the quorum of the
Committee of Papers i.s raised from five to seven, and the part of the Statute
providing that there should be no entry of rejected papers is omitted.

In Cap. XIII, ' Of the Manner of Publication of the Papers laid before the

he word * Librarian' is substituted for that of 'Clerk1; also the

|K-riod during which surplus copies not required by Fellows must remain

before they are disposed of by the Council, is extended from one year (as in

i to five \.

In the Statute- of 1776, Cap. XIV, 'Of the Books and Papers of the
ty,1 differs sonn-what from the corresponding Cap. XVI, < Of the Books
of th iii the Statutes of 1752. The copy of Statutes, the List of

Ifc -n« -factors, and the Register of Fellows is omitted from the Charter Book.1
The Statute concerning the Register Books, containing accounts of observa-
tion-, experiments, \c., and the Statute concerning the Book of Letters, are
omitted

A new Statute (Stat. v) was introduced in 1776, to the effect that the
paper read at the Society shall be considered as the

property of the Society; and another (Stat. vi) provides for the care of the

And, lastly, ;, new Statute (Stat. vii) introduces, for the first

">t<> Hi. regulations concerning the use of the Library. The

..irter Hook ne\n- tliil contain, as provided hy the Statute, the Register of

1 only their -.i-Tnatim-.. The Society |n»>si'ss<>v, however, a volume now called

'•lii«'l, contain^ the names, with dates of election, of all the Fellows from

'""" <lf " "P t<> tlie year 1 »7-r). Since that date the Register is

volume.

NOTES ON HISTORY OF THE STATUTES

Library is to be open Tuesdays and Thurxlay-. from 11 a.m. to '.' p.m., and
Fellows may, by leave of the Society or of the Council, take out four volmm-
for six weeks. If these are printed books, the Fellow gives merely hi.-s D
if MSS., a bond of £50 for each.

III. THE STATUTKS FROM 1776 to 1831.

The next edition after that of 1776 appears to be that of 1819 ; it i>, hou
ever, merely a reprint of that of 1776, with the additions of Cap. I, Stat. i\.
as to Foreign Members, and Cap. XI, Stat. vi, as to the conduct of onliu u s
meetings, mentioned above (p. 165 and p. 167).

(a) Foreign Members.

In the next edition — that of 1823 — several important changes are intro-
duced. The number of Foreign Members is limited to fifty ; and ' they arc-
to be put in nomination as candidates at a meeting of the Council \ instead
of the previous complex procedure. The regulations for the election of the
Council and officers are much simplified, but not materially altered.

(b) Foreign Secretary.

In the edition of 1823 a new Statute, Cap. IX, Stat. iv, institutes a new
office, that of the 'Secretary for Foreign Correspondence'. Since 1719 the
proceeds of the bequest of Mr. Robert Keck had been ' bestowed on some one
of the Fellows ' appointed ' to carry on a foreign correspondence ', but the
Fellow performing these duties was appointed by Council at their pleasure,
and was styled Assistant to the Secretaries. The new Secretary for Foreign
Correspondence was to rank with the two Principal Secretaries.

(c) Assistant Secretary.

The office of Clerk was at the same time abolished and that of Assistant
Secretary was created. The old Statute relating to the Clerk was, in con-
sequence, largely modified. The Assistant Secretary is now made Librarian
and House- Keeper, but all mention of the Keeper of the Repository disappears
from the Statutes. The facilities for using the Library are increased.

(d) Annual Contribution*.

The annual contribution is raised from 'a shilling a week', or thirteen
shillings a quarter, to 'one pound a quarter1, the admission fee from five
guineas to ten pounds, and the composition fee from twenty-six guineas to
forty pounds.

IV. THE STATUTES FROM 1831 TO 1847.

The edition of 1831 ] contains a few changes which are of no great moment,
and chiefly refer to payments (Cap. Ill), the 'bond' being omitted. The

1 One form of this Edition is simply a reprint of that of 1823, with an Appendix of
amended Statutes.

I7o KFAOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

!o tin- Assistant Secretary were amended, the separate
I tor Librarian and House Keeper being omitted.
. tin- then-existing Statute, Cap. I, Stat. v (enacted in 1831), that
Mou -. or for Foreign Members, shall take place excepting on
tin- first onlinarv meetings of the Society in December, February, April, and
.fin Vd.

In the nt At edition. IS 10. the most notable change concerns the election of

oiineil. These are to be put in nomination by the President and

( ounril. according to the plan at present in use. Anew Chapter, ' Of Special

ral Meetings of tin- Society," is added. The composition fee is raised to

M of Fellows elected after December 11, 1834, except such as

contributed papers to the 'Philosophical Transactions'; the Statutes

ruing publications are thrown into one chapter ; and some slight changes

•i.-ule in the Statutes concerning the Treasurer and Secretaries. Cap. XI,

•h«- ordinary Meetings of the Society/ provides for the recess from the

third Thursday in June to the third Thursday in November, and, as mentioned

.-dio\e. for the omission of meetings on certain days.

V. THE STATUTES OF 1847.

i after, however, vi/., in 1846, a Committee of Council was appointed to

der the mode of Election of Fellows, with the result that in 1847 new

en enacted, regulating the Election of fifteen Fellows annually,

linn to the plan at present in use. These Statutes which mark an

important epoch in the history of the Society have been given above on

pp. l:Jl to 1 Ik

VI. Tin. STATTTES KKOM 1847 TO 1888.

The most notable changes which since 1847 have been proposed or enacted
are as follows :

On November .°>rd, 1864, the repeal of the Statute relating to the admission
()t * 0 Hi'1 meetings was moved, but negatived ; and -again, on March

'JNf< propose] that the public be admitted to the Ordinary Meetings

9 icii-ty was negatived.

In I Sf,:, t h,- privileged class (Cap. I, Stat. iv) was extended to include Foreign
•-• d \n Her Majesty as Imperial Highness or Royal Highness \
In IHr.fi the practice of paying for a proportional part of the year was

ual payment was made one in advance.
In ' l|llf( u;^ '"acted prohibiting the payment of dividends to

Fell.,

On October ,3()th, 1 s;'.",. u,,,,,, }l motion to assimilate the mode of election

"r ""• 1'nv.le, to that of Ordinary Fellows, to place in the hands of the

il the ^lection of *,,< •[, ( andidates, and to require « evidence of ascertained

Mid deposition to forward the aims of the Society from excep-

NOTES ON HISTORY OF TIIK STATITKS 171

tional, personal, or official advantages of position, or of great emim -net- in an\
branch of learning, instead of any qualification based only on accident of line-
age or of political status', the Statute concerned was referred to the considera-
tion of a Committee, and on April 23rd, 1874, a new Statute was enacted
limiting the privileged class to Princes of the Blood Royal and Members of
the Privy Council, the provision as to the election of the former being tint
now in force (Cap. I, Stat. xii) and the mode of election of Privy Councillor-
being assimilated to that of ordinary Fellows, * the fact of the candidate I >
a member of the Privy Council being alone stated as the qualification/

On December 17th of the same year (1874), a Committee was appointed to
consider the election of candidates for Fellowship, which Committee presented,
on November 30th, 1875, a long report giving reasons why no changes should
be made.

In 1878-9 changes were made in the payment of fees.

In 1879 the Statutes relating to Foreign Members were altered to their
present form.

In 1880 the hour of meeting was changed from the evening to the afternoon.

In 1885 the time during which the Library is open to Fellows was extended.

In 1888 the Statute, Cap. XI, Stat. ii, was altered to admit of an Ordinary
Meeting being held on the day of Election of Fellows, and Statute, Cap. XIII,
Stat. vii, was altered to allow Fellows to receive their copies of the ' Philo-
sophical Transactions ' upon a request in writing.

VII. THE STATUTES FROM 1888 TO 1905.

In 1891 a new edition of the Statutes was published containing, among
other smaller changes made in that year, the following more important ones : —

In Chapter XI power was given to the Council to omit weekly meetings
with a view to increase, when desirable, the Christmas and Easter recess, and
greater freedom was allowed in the conduct of the weekly meetings.

In Chapter XIII certain changes were introduced in the hope of expediting
the publication of papers.

A new chapter (XVI) was added in order to insert a Statute passed in 1871
prohibiting dividends to Fellows.

In 1896 changes were again made, some in Chapter XI, ' Of the Meetings of
the Society,' but more in Chapter XIII, ' Of the Publication of Papers.' Both
these chapters, especially the latter, were simplified, some of the regulations
previously existing as statutes being withdrawn from the Statutes and embodied
in ' Standing Orders \ In respect to ' publication ', the main change effected
was the institution of Sectional Committees to assist the Council sitting as a
Committee of Papers or otherwise, with regard to the publication of papers
and other matters. In the first days of the Society several Committees were
formed to take charge of the several branches of science as well as for special
objects ; but these, after a while, and apparently after a short while, ceased to

17-j REC01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

On May 31, 1838, k Scientific Committees1 to assist the Council were
hut these were found not to work satisfactorily, and on
'. were abolished.

that part of Statute- iv of Chapter I which provided for the elec-
tion at anv time of Privy Councillors was repealed, and a new Statute, now
(ha, ute xiii, was passed which provided that in cases in which the

;1 ii ,,f opinion that in the interests of the Advancement of Natural
Knov ia dc.sirable to do so, they may, once in every two years recom-

nu-iK! on not more than two persons who ' either have rendered con-

>picuou> MTYUV to tlu- cause of science, or are such that their election would
be of signal benefit to the Society'. This change was accompanied by some
small alterations in the order of the Statutes of Chapter I.

In 11K)3 new Statutes were substituted for those Statutes of Chapter I which

ated the date of election of Ordinary Fellows. They provided that the

of candidates for election should be read out at the first ordinary meet-

ietv in January, instead of in March as theretofore; and that

the election should take place on the first Thursday in May instead of the first

Thursday in June.

VIII. THE STATUTES OF 1905.

In 1(.)0:J, a Committee appointed to consider the duties of the Assistant

ary, and the organization of the Society, recommended that the whole

body of Statutes >hould be revised. In 1905 a Committee was appointed to

consider the question ; and, in accordance with their recommendations, exten-

ilterations were effected by the Council on November 2nd, 1905. These

i.. eluded the removal from the Statute-book of a number of Statutes, on the

-round that they dealt with matters of detail which would be more suitably

ited by Standing Orders, some rearrangement of the order of the Statutes,

and a number of necessary verbal amendments.

There \\eiv. however, also several alterations of substance, viz. : —
( 1 ) The majority in the Council required to empower the recommendation
of privileged per-ons for election as Fellows was altered, from four-fifths of
the member* present, to two-thirds of the whole Council (Statute xiii of
Chapter I).

pecilically enacted that the Council should appoint the Chair-
men of Committees other than the Committee of Papers (Chapter VII,
' ;itr iii).

ide in the Statutes specifying the duties of the Treasurer
pter VIII), and of the Secretaries (Chapter IX). The changes with regard

itated mainly by the fact that —

( 1) Tin Statute-, ai to tin A s.sjs.t ant Secretary were recast, and it was ordered
In- should attend at meetings of the Council and take the minutes
(Chapter XI).

NOTES ON HISTORY OF THE STATITKS 17.5

(5) It was provided that the Session of the Society should commence a
fortnight earlier and end a week later than had previously been the case
(Chapter XII, Statute i).

(6) New Statutes were added as to the Archives of the Society (Chapter
XVII).

(7) Specific provision was also introduced for the making of Standing Orders,
and

(8) The procedure as to the making, amending, and repealing of Statutes wa»
altered, so as to render it necessary that notice should he given at a previous
Council meeting, before any proposal to deal with the Statutes can be con-
sidered ; the previous requirement that any alteration must be agreed to at
two different meetings of Council before it can become law remaining unaltered.

The Statutes as they now (1912) exist are given on pp. 145 to 158.

NOTE ON THE < BONDS ' REFERRED TO ON PAGE 160.

As already stated (pp. 24, 25), difficulties were early experienced in obtain-
ing the annual subscriptions of the Fellows. The ' Bonds "* appear to have
been a device to ensure payment. They were printed forms in which the
subscribing Fellow bound himself to pay the annual sum of fifty-two shillings,
under the penalty of ' a penal sum of twenty pounds ' for which he and his
heirs were liable. It would seem that even this obligation was not entirely
successful, for after the year 1742, the 'penal sum ' was increased to fifty
pounds. There is an interesting collection of these Bonds in the Archives
of the Society. It forms two large folio volumes and is specially valuable for
the autographs of the Fellows, who also affixed their seals to the documents,
Among the witnesses to the early signatures the names of Henry Oldenburg
and Edmund Halley occasionally occur. The earliest of the Bonds is dated
January 1, 1674, and the last June 24, 1807.

CHAPTER IV

THK TRUSTS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY1

'I'm following succinct account of the various trusts which the Society
administers, their origin and progress, the application of the income of the
funds, and their present, financial position, follows the alphabetical order in
\\liich tlu trusts an- arranged on the annual balance sheet of the Society.
Full particulars of capital, income, and expenditure in each case are clearly
in that sheet and are reprinted in the ' Year-book '. A larger amount of
detail ,-IN to the foundation of the older funds will be found in Weld's * History
of the Roval Society', and in an anniversary address delivered by the late
Mr. Spottiswoode, as treasurer, in 1874.

No. 1. BAKERIAN AND COPLEY MEDAL FUND.

Then has for many years been only one amalgamated fund for these two

objects. Through successive accumulations, owing in part to no medal having

awarded in some years, it now consists of £403 9s. Sd. 2% per cent.

Annuities. The Bakerian Lecture originated in 1775, through a bequest of

Mr. Henry Baker, F.R.S., of 1J100, for an oration or discourse, to be spoken

or nad yearly by some one of the Fellows of the Society, on such part of

natural history or experimental philosophy, at such time and in such manner

.-IN tlu President and Council of the Society for the time being shall please to

order and appoint. In case no lecture be given, there is a pain of forfeiture

hcd to the bequest. The payment to the lecturer has for many years

fixed sum of

The Copley Medal, which has long been regarded as the highest scientific

distinction that the Royal Society can bestow, originated in a legacy of £ 100

from Sir (iodfrey Copley, Bart., F.R.S., received in 1709. The testator

dim-ted that this Mini should be laid out in experiments or otherwise for the

fit of I lu Society, as they shall direct and appoint. For many years the

i the fund was paid to Dr. Desaguliers, Curator to the Society,2

periments made before it, but in 1736 Martin Folkes, who

qnently became IV. >ident of the Society, proposed to render Sir Godfrey

fopley's donation more beneficial than at that time it was. His suggestion

•1 in HIP main from ;i p:ipt,r by the late Sir John Evans, K.C.B., Treas. R.S.,
•I. Ivii, p. W2, hut revised up to date, and with particulars of the

ul>-rc|iM-iitly added.

THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY 175

that instead of the annual experiment, *a medal or other honorary j»
mid be bestowed on the person whose experiment »hould be beat appr«
>y which means he apprehended a laudable emulation might be excited am
m of genius to try their invention, who, in ull probability, may nevei
loved for the sake of lucre.' Eventually, in 1736, it was resolv.d that
medal of the value of .£3, to bear the arms of the Society, should I*
iwarded to the author of the most important scientific discovery or eontnhu
ion to science by experiment or otherwise. The weight of the medal wan
ted at 1 oz. 2 dwts. of fine gold. In 1831 it was resolved that tin- Copl.-y
Medal shall be awarded to the living author of such philosophical research,
either published or communicated to the Society, as may appear to tin-
Council to be deserving of that honour. The particulars of the subject of
the research are to be specified in the award, and there is to be no limitation
as to the period when the research was made, or the country to which the
author may belong.

Owing to the payments for the lecture and the medal being somewhat 1( -^
than the dividends received, a balance gradually accumulated in favour of the
fund, amounting to over ^100. In the year 1881, Sir Joseph Copley, Bart.,
transferred to the Society a sum of ^1,666 13*. 4d. 3 per cent. Consols,
' to provide in perpetuity a yearly bonus of £oQ, to be given to the recipient
of the Copley Medal.' So long as the interest was at 3 per cent., the income
was produced, but now that it is reduced to 2| per cent, it is
insufficient for the gift of a larger sum. While there was a balance in hand
in favour of the fund, the Council thought well to fulfil Sir Joseph Copley's
liberal intention. This balance has now, however, been exhausted, and the
amount of the gift, after providing for the cost of the medal, is about ^40.

The list of the recipients of this and the other medals in the gift of
the Royal Society will be found in Chapter VII.

No. 2. THE BRADY LIBRARY FUND.

The late Mr. Henry Bowman Brady, F.R.S., bequeathed to the Society in
1891 all his books and papers relating to the Protozoa, and also a sum of
,£300, the interest of which, or the principal, or both, are from time to time
to be applied in the purchase of works on the same or kindred subjects to
be added to the collection. The fund now consists of ,£330 2£ per cent.
Consolidated Stock.

No. 3. THE BUCHANAN MEDAL FUND.

This fund dates from February, 1894, when a sum of ^276 12*. and the
dies for a medal were offered to the Society by the Committee of the fund
raised in honour of Sir George Buchanan, F.R.S., a distinguished physician,
who died in 1895. The amount has been invested in the purchase of

i;<; KKCOKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Metropolitan o per cent. Stock, producing rather less than ^8

Hum The medal, which is of gold, and of the value of about twenty

raided every five years tor distinguished service in Hygienic

,-,., in tin- direction either of original research or of pro-

nal. administrative, or constructive work. The balance in hand accom-

p.-mic- the medal, which lias no limit as to nationality. The first medal was

Huchanan by the subscribers to the fund (see p. 216).

No. 1. TIIK CKOOMAX LKC-ITKE FUND.

Thi- ifl one of the- earliest institutions connected with the Society, and,

in name at lea>t, carries us back to the days of its foundation. At the

meeting held on November 28, 1660, (ante, p. 8), when the design for

founding the Societv was discussed, Mr. Croone, though absent, was nominated

a- the Renter, or as we should now call him Registrar, of the small band

of learned men who met weekly at Gresham College. Dr. Croone, as he

.jiientlv became, was from the beginning an active Fellow of the Society,

and on his death, in 1684, left a scheme for two lectureships which he

intended to found, one of which was for the Royal Society. In his will,

houever. he made no provision for carrying out this purpose, but his widow,

uho Mil>»e<|iiently became Lady Sadleir, remedied the omission, and in her

will, dated September 25, 1701, bequeathed to the Society one-fifth of the

it-iit of the King's Head Tavern, in or near Old Fish Street, London, at

the corner of Lambeth Hill, 'for the support of a lecture and illustrative

ri ine-nt for the advancement of natural knowledge on local motion, or

(conditionally) on such other subjects as, in the opinion of the President for

the time being, should be most useful in promoting the objects for which the

I Society was instituted,1 the remainder being paid to the Royal College

of IMn^ician^, al>o for the support of a lecture to be delivered before them;

in Chancery, in 1728, empowered the Society to devote the whole

annual profits of the legacy to the payment for a single lecture and its

l.nit expense*. The proper subject for the lecture is the nature or laws

of miiM nlar motion, to be accompanied by some anatomical demonstration.

Tin- first Croonian Lecture was delivered in 1738 by Dr. Stuart, the subject

The Motion of the Heart1. From 1786 to 1885 the property was let

•iinunu so that the share of the Society was only about £3, but

nt. of the estate has been materially increased, and the

sum of about, X'56 yearly as its share, which is paid

be Royal College of Physicians, which deals with the whole property.

Tli. uliole of the available balance is in each year paid to the lecturer or for

A li-t of the Croonian Lectures from the beginning in 1738, together with
MM- - their lectures, will be found in Chapter VII.

PLAT.: \ll

THOMAS YOUNG

From a portrait painted by H. I*. Briggs after Sir T. Lawrence, in the
possession of the Royal Society

THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY 177

No. 5. THE DAUWIV MI.MOKIAI. 1

In 1885 the Committee of the International Darwin Memorial Fund
resolved to transfer to the Royal Society the balance that ivmainc.l in th.-ir
hands, in trust, to devote the proceeds from time to time touanl> th.
promotion of biological studies and research. The amount was invested
in the purchase of ,£2,500 South-Eastern Railway 4 per cent. l),-b< ntnn-
Stock. In accordance with a resolution of the Council, a silver medal is
awarded biennially in recognition of work of acknowledged distinct ion
(especially in Biology) in the field in which Charles Darwin himself laboured.
The medal is accompanied by a grant of £100. The first medal was awarded
to Alfred Russel Wallace. The income of the fund being more than sufficient
to provide for the medal and accompanying grant, balances accumulated
which were invested in £560 South-Eastern Railway 3 per cent. Perpetual
Debenture Stock. Early in 1910 the Treasurer having called the attention
of the Council to the continued accumulation of balances, the Council after
consulting the Sectional Committees for Botany and Zoology and receiving
a report from a Joint Committee of those bodies, decided on their recom-
mendation 'that the surplus income of the Darwin Fund, after providing
for the Silver Medal and Money Gift prescribed by existing regulations,
be devoted, not to the provision of scholarships or medals, but to the
furtherance of biological research in the Darwinian field, and that it be
expended at the discretion of the Council on the advice of the Sectional
Committees for Botany and Zoology meeting jointly."1 (See p. 215.)

No. 6. THE DAVY MEDAL FUND.

By the will of Dr. John Davy, F.R.S., the service of plate presented to
Sir Humphry Davy for the invention of the safety lamp, was bequeathed to
the Society, to be melted down and sold, in order to found a medal to be given
annually for the most important discovery in chemistry. The amount received
in 1869 was invested in the purchase of ,^660 Madras Railway Stock, pro-
ducing about ^33 per annum. This has since been converted into a Madras
Railway B Annuity of ^36 Os. lid., the capital becoming repayable by
a sinking fund on April 1, 1956. Some little time elapsed before the dies
could be prepared, and the first medal actually awarded was given, in duplicate,
to Bunsen and Kirchhoff in 1877 (see p. 215).

No. 7. THE DONATION FUND.

In 1828 William Hyde Wollaston, M.D., F.R.S., President of the Society
in 1820, gave the sum of .£2,000 3 per cent. Consols, to be called the Donation
Fund, the dividends to be applied from time to time in promoting experimental
researches, or in rewarding those by whom such researches may have been

N

178 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

made, or in such other manner as shall appear to the President and Council

tor UK time- In-in^ most conducive to the interests of the Society in particular,

•icral. The application of the funds extends to individuals

countries, but not to members of the Council of the Society. The

dividends are not to be hoarded parsimoniously, but expended liberally.

) more were contributed to the fund by Dr. Davies Gilbert

1 s-j; to 1830, who gave ,£1,000) and others. In 1874 and 1875 two

.no ruch were received from Sir Francis Ronalds, F.R.S., and

•.Vhcat stone, F.R.S., and the fund for some years consisted of

lonsols, which in 1HH8 was converted into ,£5,030 Great Northern

Railway Perpetual 4 per cent. Guaranteed Stock, producing an income of

DO per annum. In the year ,1879 the late Sir Walter C. Trevelyan

bequeathed a sum of X} 1,500, the interest to be applied in the promotion of

u-ch. This was invested in the purchase of £1,396 Great

Northern Railway 4 per cent. Debenture Stock, now converted into ,£1,861

6*. 8r/. •> per cent. Debenture Stock, and forms practically a part of the

Donation Fund. The interest of the Jodrell Fund is also transferred to it (see

4, p. 181), so that the annual income is about <£385.

No. 8. FEE REDUCTION FUND.

This fund originated in 1878, its object being to relieve future Fellows of

the Society — except Privy Councillors and other privileged Fellows — of the

.J'lO paid as an admission fee and of £1 out of the <£4 annual subscription.

liberal Minis were subscribed: Sir Joseph Whit worth contributing

-ir William (later Lord) Armstrong, F.R.S., and Mr. James Young,

I'.R.S., r 1,000 each. The total sum contributed was ,£10,111 5*. This

amount was duly invested, and, in accordance with the scheme, .£150 of the

interest thereon have been devoted annually to the payment of the admission

• if the fifteen newly elected Fellows, and an annually increasing sum —

' ! in 11)09— has been employed in the reduction by £1

of the subscript ions of the Fellows elected since 1878, and the balances have
been duly invested.

It Beemi to have been supposed, in 1878, that by these additions to the

• I tli. income of the fund would in course of time exceed X°600 a year,

;l'id rtion only of this sum would be required for the payment of

' »*'' -ubscript.ions, so that there would be a balance available 'in

of publications and for the promotion of research'. This supposition has

not. houe\, r. been reali/ed, partly because of the fall in the rate of interest,

""d | younger men have been elected into the Society than

tO that the increase in the participators in the benefit

i been balanced by deaths to the extent anticipated. The

n that in 11)10 the income of the fund only reached ,£467 4*. !W.,

THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIK n 179

while the payments should have been j£474, vi/. : ,('150 in respect of fifteen
entrance fees, and ,£324 towards the annual contributions of 324 Fellows
elected since 1878 and still living. There was thus in 11)10, for the first tim. .
a deficit amounting to <£6 15*.

In response to an appeal from the President, in his Anniversary Address, for
additions to the capital of the fund, one Fellow contributed £21, and shortly
afterwards another Fellow, Prof. A. Schuster, made the munificent contribution
of ,£1,000. Further deficits are in consequence put a stop to for the present.
The capital of the fund now consists of <£9,533 London and North- Western
Railway 3 percent. Perpetual Debenture Stock, and ,£6,346 17*. Metropolitan
3£ per cent. Stock.

No. 9. THE GASSIOT TRUST.

In the year 1871 the late Mr. John Peter Gassiot, F.R.S., conveyed to the
Society ,£10,000 Italian Irrigation Bonds, for the purpose of assisting in
carrying on and continuing magnetical and meteorological observations with
self-recording instruments, and any other physical investigations that may
from time to time be practicable and desirable in the Kew Observatory, in the
Old Deer Park, Richmond, Surrey. The trust deed is given in full at p. 188.

The proceeds were, until 1900, paid over to the Kew Committee appointed
in accordance with the trust deed. From time to time some of the Irrigation
Bonds are drawn, and some profits have been made on reinvestment.

By the scheme of organization of the National Physical Laboratory (see
p. 289) adopted in October, 1899, the Kew Observatory was incorporated
therewith. The proceeds of the Trust Fund were paid over by the Gassiot
Committee to the National Physical Laboratory Account of the Royal Society,
the Kew Observatory Committee having been dissolved. The Gassiot Com-
mittee, which consisted of those members of the Executive Committee of the
National Physical Laboratory who were Fellows of the Royal Society, met
every year, but their proceedings were little more than formal.

In 1910, after careful consideration, a new scheme for the management of
Kew Observatory was adopted by the President and Council, and was sub-
sequently approved by H.M. Treasury. Under this scheme the general
direction of Kew Observatory, and also of the Eskdalemuir and Valencia
Observatories, is entrusted to the Director of the Meteorological Office ; while
the Meteorological Committee, so far as is consistent with the terms of their
Parliamentary Grant, promote the maintenance of such magnetic, seismological,
or other meteorological or geophysical observations and researches at the three
Observatories as are from time to time recommended by the Gassiot Com-
mittee, in addition to the meteorological observations and researches initiated
by the Director of the Meteorological Office for the purposes of the Public
Meteorological Service. The Gassiot Committee was reconstituted as a
scientific committee on this basis. The proceeds of the Gassiot Trust Fund,

N 2

KKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

the grant in aid made by the Treasury to the Royal Society for Eskdale-
mujr '0,-y, is to be used in such manner as the Gassiot Committee

:or the maintenance of the work already referred to, in augmentation
d for the purpose by the Meteorological Committee.

No. 10. THE GORE FUND.

l)r. Gore, I'.K.S., who died in 1908, bequeathed one half of the

residue of hi- estate to the Royal Society for the purpose of assisting original
>cientific di>covery. The sum of ^2,436 18*. lOd. was received under the
bequest, and wa> invested in ^?2,478 14s. 4d. India 3| per cent. Stock, The
Council, while reserving to itself the right to apply the capital in assisting
original scientific- discovery in any way it might think desirable, directed that,
until it should otherwise order, the capital should remain invested and the
interest only be so applied.

No. 11. THE GUNNING FUND.

In 1891 1 1 is Excellency Dr. Robert Halliday Gunning gave the Society his
bond for X1 1,000, bearing interest at 4 per cent., to form a fund the annual
income of which shall be applied triennially towards the promotion of Physical
Science and Biology in such manner as to the President and Council may
appear most desirable. Upon Dr. Gunning's death in 1900 the bond was
discharged by his Executors, and the fund has been invested in ^^OSl 5*. 6J.
Nottingham Corporation 3 per cent. Redeemable Stock. The rules for the
administration of this fund will be found in the 'Year-book'.

NO. 12. THE HANDLEY FUND.

H\ the \\ill of Mr. E. H. Handley, dated 1840, the reversion of his property
!K (jueatlml to the Society after the death of his sister, the income to be
applied as a reward for important inventions in art or discoveries in science,
physical and metaphysical, or for assistance in the prosecution of any -such
invention or di^-ovcry, but with power to the President and Council to apply
the income as they may deem best for the advancement of science.

Owing *«> the Statute of Mortmain, a considerable portion of the property

did not pa-** by thi> will, but eventually, in 1876, the sum of ,£6,378 19,v. wa>

< r paying I ,egacy Duty at the rate of 10 per cent, and legal

1< ft Millieieiit to purchase 1^,047 7s. 9d, Reduced 3 per cents.

-t \\-as threatened a few years ago, this was converted

int" »hire and Yorkshire Railway 4 percent. Guaranteed Stock,

it ri'.M) per annum. Of late years this has been applied
preparing the Catalogue of Scientific Papers.

THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY IM

No. 13. HUGHES MEDAL FUND.

Under the will of the late Professor David Edward Hughes, IK - . uh,,
died in January, 1900, a bequest] of £4,000 was made to f
with a direction to award the income annually as a prize either in money or in
the form of a medal, or partly one and partly the other, for the reward of
original discovery in the Physical Sciences, particularly Electricity and Mag-
netism, or their applications, the prize or medal to be given under condit
to be fixed from time to time by the Society on lines similar to those followed
in the bestowal of the Copley, Rumford, and Royal Medals.

The Council accordingly decided to award annually a gold medal, to be
called the ' Hughes Medal ', not exceeding in value the sum of £20, together
with the balance of the income of the fund, to such person as the President
and Council may consider the most worthy recipient, without restriction of sex
or nationality, as the reward of original discovery in the Physical Sciences,
particularly Electricity and Magnetism, or their applications, such discovery
or applications having been published not less than one year before the
award (p. 216).

The capital of the fund consists of ,£2,099 13s. Sd. Bath Corporation 3 per
cent. Redeemable Stock, and ,£2,094 6$. 6d. Local Loans 3 per cent. Stock.

No. 14. THE JODRELL FUND.

The late Mr. T. J. Phillips Jodrell, in 1876, placed at the disposal of the
Society the sum of ,£6,000, at first with the intention of encouraging in this
country original research in the Physical Sciences, but subsequently, in the
same year, with directions to apply the proceeds as part of the ordinary
revenue of the Society. In 1879, £1,000 was, by Mr. JodrelPs directions,
transferred to the Fee Reduction Fund, and the remaining <£5,000 is repre-
sented by the sum of <£5,182 Us. IQd. 2% per cent. Consols.

On the death of Mr. Jodrell, in 1889, the proceeds of the fund, in accord-
ance with a letter from him of April 5, 1878, devolved to and were incor-
porated with the Donation Fund. The income is at present about ,£128.

No. 15. THE JOULE MEMORIAL FUND.

In 1890 the Joule Memorial Committee transferred to the Society the
balance in their hands, the proceeds to be applied for the encouragement of
research, both in England and abroad, especially amongst younger men, in
those branches of physical science more immediately connected with Joule's
work. According to the regulations made by the Council (see ' Year-book '),
a studentship or grant is to be made every second year to assist research as
already specified. These grants are to be made alternately in Great Britain
and abroad. The fund consists of £1,000 London, Brighton, and South Coast
Railway Guaranteed 5 per cent. Stock and <£47 19*. 2d. 2% per cent. Annuities,
the annual income being about £50.

KS2 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

No. 16. Tin-: KI-X'K BKQUKST.

In the vear 1711) a bequest of 1}500 was received from Robert Keck, F.R.S.,

who directed that the profits arising from it were 'to be bestowed on some one

of tlu- Felloes, whom they shall appoint to carry on a foreign correspondence'.

For main yean this bequest was merged in the general funds of the Society,

and the proceeds applied towards the payment of the Foreign Secretary. In

,ain made to appear as a separate trust fund, and £666 13s. 4d.

>ls was allotted as the equivalent. This has, at the present time, been

converted into I'iM'jO Midland Railway 2^ per cent. Debenture Stock, and the

are annually paid to the Foreign Secretary, who now receives no other

honorarium.

No. 17. THE MACKINNON RKSKARCH STUDENTSHIP.

I'nder the will of the late Sir William Mackinnon, Director-General of the
Mediral Department of the Army, the Society received, in 1897, a bequest of
the residue of his estate, subject to certain life annuities, upon trust, to be
applied to the foundation and endowment of such prizes or scholarships for
the special purpose of furthering Natural and Physical Science, including
Geology and Astronomy, and of furthering original research and investigation
ithology, as the Society may think best and most conducive to the pro-
motion of those sciences and of original discoveries therein ; such prizes and
scholarships to be called after the name of the testator.

The capital of the trust in the hands of the Society consists of ,£4,482 6s.
r cent. Consols, .X'1,000 Metropolitan 2£ per cent. Stock, and <£3,991
London and North-Western Railway 3 per cent. Debenture Stock. There are
at present two studentships of the annual value of £15Q9 but the income will
hen, on the cessation of an annuity, <£>3,334 London and North-
West em Railway 3 per cent. Debenture Stock will be transferred to the

••ty.

The regulations governing the award of the Studentship will be found in
book'.

No. 18. THE ROSSK FUND.

'I'h nail fund, invested in £119 18s. 6d. Bank of Ireland Stock,

which was raised by the late Lord Rosse, F.R.S., for the maintenance of

vat ions at Valencia Observatory. It was transferred to the

in 11)10. The income is placed in the hands of the Meteoro-

1 Oilier, who undertake to pay the amount over to an observer at

•ory, so long as the Gassiot Committee consider the

; f" (' ay. The Council of the Royal Society are at

\, it' the observation! as at present made are discontinued, to employ

the income for adducing the science of terrestrial magnetism in Ireland.

I THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY

No. 19. THE RUM FORD Fr\i>.
Count Rumford, F.R.S., in a letter to Sir Joseph Hanks, dated Juh
i796, informed him, as President of the Society, that he had purchased and
transferred ,£1,000 Stock in the funds of this country, to the end tha«
interest of the same should be given once every second year as a premium
to the author of the most important discovery or useful improvement which
>hall be made or published by printing, or in any way made known to the
public in any part of Europe during the preceding two years on heat or on
light, the preference always being given to such discoveries as shall, in the
opinion of the President and Council, tend most to promote the good of
mankind. The premium is to take the form of two medals, the one of gold
and the other of silver, to be together of the value of two years' interest on
the ,£1,000, or £60 sterling. In case of there being no new discovery in
heat or light during any term of years which, in the opinion of the President
and Council, is of sufficient importance to deserve the premium, direction is
given to invest its value in the purchase of additional stock in the English
Funds, and the interest of this additional capital is to be given in money,
with the two medals, at each succeeding adjudication. In a subsequent
letter, Count Rumford suggests that the premium should be limited to new
discoveries tending to improve the theories of fire, of heat, of light, and
of colours, and to new inventions and contrivances by which the generation,
and preservation, and management of heat and of light may be facilitated.
Chemical discoveries and improvements in optics, so far as they answer any
of these conditions, are to be within the limits of the premium, but the
Count wishes especially to encourage such practical improvements in the
management of heat and light as tend directly and powerfully to increase
the enjoyments and comforts of life, especially in the lower and more
numerous classes of society. The first recipient of the medals was Count
Rumford himself. Previously to 1846 it was not unfrequently the case that
no medal was adjudicated for four years. Indeed between 1818 and 1832
the only recipient was M. Fresnel. As a consequence the invested funds
have increased to £2,367 2$. 6d., but the interest is now only 2£ per cent.
The annual income is at present about £59, and the sum of money that
accompanies the medals about £60 (see p. 212).

No. 20. THE SCIENTIFIC RELIEF FUND.

This most excellent and valuable institution originated in the year 1859,
in a proposition of Mr. J. P. Gassiot, F.R.S., that a fund of this kind should
be founded for the aid of such scientific men, or their families, as may from
time to time require assistance. A circular announcing the project was

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

,1 hv {lie Society, in May, 1859, and by the following July ,£2,500 had

Bribed By tlu- end of 1864, the amount of <£5,000 had been reached,

and B the fund consisted of ,£6,052 17s. 8d. New 3 per cent.

Amur

t'ntil 1884 the amount remained stationary at a little under ^6,500, but
legacies from the late Sir AY. Siemens, of ,£1,000, and from Mr. Bentham, of
about ,£500, gave it a sensible help.

In November, 1885, however, a noble offer was made by Sir William

praidfl Lord) Armstrong, to present a sum of about £6,500 to the fund

on the understanding that an equal sum should be raised by subscription,

and further that the fund might be used in cases of urgent necessity for the

-ion of the tees of Fellows.

Although bv the beginning of 1887 it was not found possible to raise

more than about X'4,200 by subscription, Lord Armstrong, in February, 1887,

munificently increased his contribution to ,£7,800, so that in all £*12,000

added to the fund. Since that date about <£800 more have accrued

from bequests from Mr. H. B. Brady and others, and from donations. The

inent invented capital of the fund now consists of

.(>0() London and North- Western Railway 4 per cent. Guaranteed

Stock ;
LSI 2t. 1W., Great Northern Railway 3 per cent. Debenture Stock ;

and
.'HO South-Eastern Railway 5 per cent. Debenture Stock;

producing an income of about <£670.

The administration of the fund is entrusted to a committee consisting
i members, of whom two retire annually, and applications for grants are
through the Presidents of chartered and incorporated scientific societies,
under regulations which will be found in the * Year-book'.

No. 21. THE SORBY RESEARCH FUND.

The late Dr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S., who died in 1908, by his will bequeathed

of r ]:>.()()() to the Society, to be held in trust for the establishment

.--hip or Fellowship for original scientific research; the object

the discovery of new facts, rather than the teaching of

known. The testator directed that the Fellowship should be

! with tlu Cniversity of Sheffield so long as, in the opinion of

the Council of the Royal Society, the University is efficiently equipped in

"1 •••I'pliai.ci's. If such efficient equipment is lacking then the

•(ministered in such manner as the Council shall think best

for the promotion of original research.

T1"' ^1"'1'"- »»r tl'«- administration of the fund, and the rules made
mder in accordance with the directions of the testator, provide that

THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY 185

the income shall be administered, and appointments to the Fellowships ,
by a Committee consisting of

(1) Four persons appointed by the Council of the Royal Society ;

(2) One person appointed by the Council of the University of Sheffield; ami

(3) Two persons appointed by the Senate of the University of Slu-fhYM.
The scheme and rules are set out in the 4 Year-book \

The capital of the fund is invested in ,£15.503 16*. 6d. India 3£ per «
Stock, and ^246 5*. 6d. 2| per cent. Consols.

No. 22. SYLVESTER MEDAL FUND.

Soon after the death of Professor J. J. Sylvester, F.R.S., in 1897,
a number of his friends considered the advisability of founding some suitable
memorial in honour of his name and life-work. The suggestion met with
a ready response from all parts of the world, and a powerful and represen-
tative International Committee was formed. A sum of nearly £9QQ was
subscribed, and it was decided to found a medal and prize for the encourage-
ment and reward of working mathematicians throughout the world. The
Council of the Royal Society undertook the trust conditionally upon the
medal being awarded triennially and irrespective of nationality. A medal,
accompanied by a grant of the balance of the Sylvester Medal Fund, is
accordingly awarded triennially for the Encouragement of Mathematical
Research. The fund is invested in ,£795 16*. 5J. Local Loans Stock (see
p. 216).

No. 23. THE TRAVELLING EXPENSES FUND.

In 1908 Professor A. Schuster, F.R.S., gave ,£1,500 to the Society to form,
together with any additions that might be made thereto at any time by
voluntary contributions, the capital of a fund, of which the income is to be
used to pay the travelling expenses of the delegates sent by the Royal Society
to the meetings of the International Association of Academies, and, when
a sufficient balance has accumulated, to pay the travelling expenses of the
Royal Society delegates to other international meetings, and the maintenance
of such delegates. The regulations for the administration of the fund, settled
in accordance with the wishes of Professor Schuster, are to be found in the
'Year-book'.

The capital of the fund is invested in ,£1,504 19,y. 6d. Bristol Corporation
3J per cent. Redeemable Stock.

No. 24. THE TYNDALL MINING RESEARCH FUND.

In 1910 Mrs. Tyndall, in pursuance of a wish expressed by her husband, the
late Professor Tyndall, F.R.S., entrusted to the Society the sum of ,£1,000, to
be administered at the discretion of the President and Council for the purpose
of encouraging and furthering research in all matters pertaining to mining,

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

including such question* as ventilation, temperature, diseases incident to miners,

other lines of scientific inquiry conducive to the improvement of

mining "and the lot of miners. The fund is invested in .£1,010 1*. New

cent. Stock.

N... 25. Tin \VI\TUIM.HAM FUND.

In i;:>l • stun of X'1.2(K) Consols was bequeathed to the Society by
litton Wintringham, M.D., F.H.S., payable on the decease of his widow,
and subject to certain conditions; the interest or dividends to be for the
purch IM of a -silver cup, of 1'30 value, to be given to such person as should
in ten months after advertisement present the most satisfactory experimental
i mat ion of one of three subjects chosen by vote of the Society. It was
not, however, until 1842 that, after a tedious law suit, an amount of ,£1,200
Consol> was transferred to the Society. It was then found that the conditions
of the will were >o stringent, and involved so much expense, that it was prac-
tically impossible to fulfil them, even when the rate of interest on Consols was
'>"> per cent, instead of, as at present, 2J per cent., and there being a further
provision that in case of failure on the part of the Society to fulfil the inten-
tion- of the testator, the income of the fund should be paid over to the
mors of the Foundling Hospital, that institution has in each year
received the interest accruing from the fund.

In addition to the medals included in the above trusts, two medals are
annually presented by His Majesty the King, the award being entrusted to

the *-

ROYAL MEDALS.

The Koyal Medals were founded by H.M. King George IV, the proposal to
found them being conveyed in a letter from Sir Robert Peel to Sir Humphry
mber 3, 1S25. They were at first awarded for the most
important discoveries completed and made known to the Royal Society
in • the year preceding the day of their award', but soon after the foundation
this WAI changed to 'within five years preceding the day of such award".
ll.M. King William IV continued the foundation under the condition that
the subject-matter of the inquiry should be previously settled and propounded
l»y the Council three years preceding the day of the award.

gu.-i-n Victoria upon amending the throne continued the grant of two Royal
M.daK annually under the annexed resolutions, proposed by the Council, and
approved by Her Majesty, vi/. :

I hat the Koyal Medals he given for such Papers only as have been pre-
d t«, the K,,N;,1 Society, and inserted in their "Transactions11.

'That the triennial cvcle of subjects be: —

• I. Asti<nioinv;lM)\Molo^y,includingtheNaturalHistoryofOrganizedBeings.
"-• I'1 » olo^y, or Mineralogy.

. Chemistry.

THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY 187

'That, in case no paper coming within these stipulations should be con-
sidered deserving of the Royal Medal in any given year, the Council have the
power of awarding such medal to the author of any other paper on either of
the several subjects forming the cycle that may have been presented to th,
Society, and inserted in their "Transactions", preference being given to the
subjects of the year immediately preceding ; the award being in such case
subject to the approbation of Her Majesty."1

On June 13, 1850, it was resolved that these regulations < should be altered,
substituting for them regulations to the following effect: That the Royal
Medals in each year should be awarded for the two most important contribu-
tions to the advancement of Natural Knowledge, published originally in Her
Majesty's dominions within a period of not more than ten years, and not less
than one year of the date of the award, subject, of course, to Her Majesty's
approval '.

It was at the same meeting resolved: — 'That it is desirable that, in the
award of the Royal Medals, one should be given in each year to each of the
two great divisions of Natural Knowledge/

It is upon these lines that the Royal Medals are still awarded.

Upon his accession to the throne King Edward VII continued the grant of
the Royal Medals.

His Majesty King George V has likewise been graciously pleased to follow
in this matter the practice of his royal predecessors (see pp. 193, 213).

Since 1900, by order of the Council, a Memorandum has been inserted in the
' Year-book ', containing the following passage with reference to the creation
of new trusts for the award of medals : —

' Every year the Council have to award several medals, including the Copley,
Royal, Rumford, Davy, Darwin, Buchanan, Sylvester, and Hughes Medals, or
some of these, and have been led by experience to the conclusion that it is
neither to the advantage of the Society nor in the interests of the advancement
of Natural Knowledge that this already long list of medals should in future be
added to, and that, therefore, no further bequests to be awarded as prizes for
past achievements should be accepted by the Society.'

KKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

GASSIOT DECLARATION OF TRUST

'I'll IS INDFVn'UE made the twenty-ninth day of June one thousand eight
hundred and •eventy-onc HKTWKKN JOHN PETER GASSIOT of Clapham
Common in the county of Surrey Esquire F.R.S. of the one part and THE
I'HKSIDFNT COUNCIL AND FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

(hereinafter called the said Royal Society) of the other part.

\Vnri; i A- the said John Feter Gassiot is possessed of Italian Irrigation
Bonds of the nominal value of Ten thousand pounds having the security of the
Italian Government besides being secured on the revenues of the Cavour Canal.

As.. \\ in aEAfl the said John Peter Gas'siot is desirous of devoting the said
Bonds and the produce thereof and the income thereof to the purposes herein-
after expressed and accordingly has caused the said Bonds (which pass by
delivery) to be handed over to the said Royal Society, and the same are now
in tlu-ir custody as they do hereby acknowledge.

\ TMJS INDKMI UK WITNESSETH and it is hereby agreed and declared
l>et \\een and by the persons parties hereto and the said John Peter Gassiot
nor u by this deed which is intended to be executed by him in the presence
of and to be attested by two credible witnesses and to be forthwith enrolled
in the High Court of Chancery DIRECT that the said Royal Society their
igns shall hold the said Bonds and the moneys thereby
secured as a fund for the purpose of assisting and carrying on and continuing

letical and meteorological observations with self-recording instruments
and am other physical investigations that may from time to time be found
practicable and desirable in the Kew Observatory in the Old Deer Park at
Richmond in the County of Surrey now belonging to Her Majesty's Govern-
ment or in the event of that Government at any time declining or ceasing to
continue placing that building at the disposition of the said Royal Society
then in any other suitable building that the Council for the time being of the

Koyul Societv may determine.

D for tin- carrying out of such purpose as aforesaid upon trust that the
K M\al Society their successors and assigns shall receive the principal
moncy> secured by the said Bonds as and when they shall be compellable to
me and (subject to the proviso hereinafter contained for rein-
id principal moneys on like Italian Irrigation Bonds if the
lie obtained) invest the moneys to be received by them as aforesaid
in the name off he said Royal Society their successors or assigns in or upon
any Parliamentary Mocks or public funds of Great Britain or on the Stock of
i'> mil «.f F.ngland or Ireland or any Fast India Stock or at interest upon
d or leasehold securities in England Wales or Ireland either

THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY iv

subject or not subject to prior mortgages or incumbrances (so as such lease-
hold securities shall not have a less time to run than sixty years at the date of
investment) or in or upon the mortgages bonds debentures or other securities
of any Railway Company or other Company in the United Kin-dom incor-
porated by Act of Parliament or Charter or of the Commissioners or Trustees
for any public undertaking or undertakings who may be authorized by Act of
Parliament to borrow money arid do and shall at their own discretion from
time to time vary the same stocks funds or securities into or for other stocks
funds or securities of a like nature.

AND do and shall be possessed of the said sum of Ten thousand pounds
Italian Irrigation Bonds and the moneys to be received or arise or be
produced in respect thereof and the stocks funds or securities on which the
same may be invested (hereinafter called the said Trust Fund) and the annual
produce thereof upon trust to pay to a Committee of the said Royal Society
(to be appointed in manner hereinafter mentioned) the annual produce of
the said Trust Fund or so much of such annual produce as the said
Committee may or shall from time to time require to the intent that the
same may be applied by the said Committee generally towards continuing
and maintaining such Observatory as is hereinbefore mentioned and providing
for the expenses of conducting and carrying on such observations and inves-
tigations as are hereinbefore referred to. And also for or towards the repairs
or insurance of any such Observatory or for the repair or insurance or
improvement of the present instruments in use for any of the purposes afore-
said or for providing and keeping in repair insuring and improving any new
instruments as the said Committee may from time to time in their absolute
discretion deem expedient and generally for carrying out the objects of the
Trust hereby created in such manner as may from time to time be determined
by the said Committee having regard to any conditions under which the right
to use any Observatory may be held.

AND UPON TRUST from time to time to invest any surplus of the annual
produce of the said Trust Fund in the names or name of the said Royal
Society their successors or assigns upon any such stocks funds or securities as
hereinbefore are mentioned to be from time to time varied as to the said
Royal Society their successors or assigns shall seem proper.

AND IT is HEREBY AGREED AND DECLARED that any such surplus annual
produce as aforesaid and the stocks funds and securities upon which the
same shall be invested and the accumulations thereof shall be held and
applied by the said Royal Society their successors or assigns upon the same
trusts and for the same purposes as are hereby declared of the said original
Trust Fund and shall be considered part thereof yet so nevertheless that any
such accumulations as aforesaid shall from time to time on the request of

I'.H) RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Committee bo paid over to tlicm in order to be dealt with in the
hereby provided with reference to the annual produce of
Trust Fund.

D A.LWATS \\i) IT is HKKKHY ACKKKD AXD DECLARED that inasmuch

! ilian Irrigation Bonds are redeemable by annual drawings when

ken as any such Bond shall be drawn so much of the money paid on

• ption of such Bond as shall according to the then market price in

London IK- the value of similar Bonds shall be invested as capital in the

purcl -imilar Bond if the same can then be obtained and the residue

..f shall bo doomed to be and shall be dealt with as income for all the

purposes of tli nts.

Puovim D AI.WAY.S AVI) IT is HKUKHY AcitEKD AND DECLARED that the entire

lament of the annual produce of the said Trust Fund shall be entrusted

Committee to be from time to time appointed by the Council for the

the said Royal Society and that the services of such said

Committee (like those of the present Meteorological Committee nominated

at the request of Her Majesty's Government) shall be entirely gratuitous.

A vi i IT is HKUKHY FI KTiiKR AGREED AXD DECLARED that an annual statement

•••ipfs and expenditure shall be prepared by the said Committee together

with any report or reports that the said Committee may from time to time

to he desirable and that such statement of receipts and expenditure

and such report or reports shall be presented to the said Royal Society and

M( li report or reports or an epitome or abstract thereof shall be published

in th proceedings of the said Royal Society or in such other form as the

Council of the said Royal Society may from time to time determine.

MI i;iin iTKTHiu AC; REED AND DECLARED that the aforesaid

Committee shall make such bye-laws and regulations in reference to their

•ings and other proceedings as they may from time to time think proper

••md t] resolution of the Committee for the payment by the said Royal

'y their or assigns either to such Committee or to any other

person or persons (,f ;m\ moneys under the trusts of these Presents shall be

••••ant tor Mich payment and shall completely exonerate the said

• ty their n and assigns.

D II- [I III Hl.liY FIRTHKK ACRKKI) AM) DECLARED that if

' )bsoi -\atory or any other suitable observatory that

ilMituted for the said Kew Observatory being at anytime discon-

tin'M-d »1. 0 be recorded' and the investigations shall

for tlie ipace of twelve consecutive calendar months or for

such further period (not exceeding in the whole including the before-mentioned

twelve calendar months thirty-six consecutive calendar months) as the Council

THE TRUSTS OF THE SOCIETY p.n

of the Royal Society shall determine the said Trust Fund together with all
accumulations (if any) shall be paid over to the person who shall tor the
time being be de facto the Treasurer of the Corporation for Mid. 11. Class
Education in the metropolis and the suburbs thereof incorporated l.\ I;
Charter bearing date the twelfth day of June One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-six to the intent that the same may be applied for tin- UM .u.d
benefit of such Corporation in such manner as it may think lit and as i
of its general funds and the receipt of such Treasurer as aforesaid .hall }>e
a sufficient discharge to the person or persons paying over the said Trust
Fund in manner aforesaid.

PROVIDED ALWAYS AND IT is HEREBY FURTHKII AGREED AND m <.i . \I;KI> that if
at the date of the failure in manner aforesaid of the trusts hereby created in
favour of the said Royal Society the said Corporation for Middle Class Educa-
tion in the metropolis and the suburbs thereof shall have ceased to exist u
a Corporation then and in such case the said Royal Society shall direct such
a disposition of the said Trust Fund and any accumulations thereof in favour
qf some other charitable object or objects as to the said Royal Society shall at
their absolute discretion seem fit.

PROVIDED ALWAYS AND IT is HEREBY FURTHER AGREED AND DECLARED that in
the event of the said Kew Observatory or any such substituted observatory as
aforesaid being discontinued as aforesaid it shall be lawful for the said Royal
Society to apply the whole or any part of the annual produce of the said
Trust Fund and any such accumulations as aforesaid and the annual produce
of such accumulations arising during any period not exceeding thirty-six
calendar months then next following such discontinuance and also (with the
consent of the said John Peter Gassiot during his life and after his decease at
the discretion of the said Royal Society) any part not exceeding one equal
fourth part of the principal money arising from or representing the said
original Trust Fund in and towards obtaining a site for a new observatory
and building completing or furnishing such new observatory as to the said
Royal Society shall seem fit and that any and every such new observatory
shall when completed be deemed to be a substitute observatory for the said
Kew Observatory for all purposes within the meaning and intent of these
Presents.

PROVIDED ALWAYS AND IT is HEREBY AGREED AND DECLARED that the said
Royal Society their successors or assigns shall not be accountable or responsible
for the loss by accident or fraud of or damage to or the destruction by fire of
the said Italian Irrigation Bonds or any of them or any other securities in
which the Trust Fund or any part thereof may be invested or for the acts or
defaults of any banker broker or other person with whom the said bonds or any
of them or any other securities or the said Trust Fund or any part thereof

1 »j KKC01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

iv time be deported or left either for temporary custody or for the
of being paid off or reinvested or otherwise.

WAYS tli.it as an authority to the said Committee for any act

<>i- tiling which mav he required by the Council of the said Royal Society to

IK- .I ;rh Committee any writing signed by any person purporting

•iMiivr of the said Royal Society shall be a sufficient direction

lanction.

IN wi PNE88 \\ hereof tlie said John Peter Gassiot hath hereunto set his hand
and MM! and the said President Council and Fellows of the Royal Society have
hereunto >et their Common Seal the day and year first above written.

aled and delivered j

!>v the above-named

. }• (Sgned) J. P. GASSIOT.

John Peter Gassiot in | v

the presence of . . J

(Signed) WALTER WHITE, Asst. Sec., R.S.
(Signed) HENRY B. WHEATLEY, Clerk.

The >eal of the Royal Society \

- affixed here in the I . (Seal )

of ..... J

(Signed) WALTER WHITE, Asst. Sec., R.S.
(Signed) HENRY B. WHEATLEY, Clerk.

CHAPTER V

PRINCIPAL BENEFACTORS OF THE SOCIETY

AT a Meeting of Council holden December 14, 1663, it was
' Ordered, that the Secretary bring in a list of the Names of all the K
factors to the Society, together with their Donations, and the time when they
presented them.

' Ordered, that the Benefactors be registered in loose vellum sheets/
Similar orders were made on December 3, 1674, on April 27, 1682, and on
several subsequent dates. Unfortunately these early lists of Benefactors are
not now extant, and no list drawn up at the present day can pretend to be
complete. The subjoined list is compiled principally by aid of the Index to
the MS. Council Minutes, and is complete only in respect of benefactions of
£oQ and upwards there recorded. The dates given are, in most cases, those
of the Council Meetings in the minutes of which the gifts are recorded. Many
more names would be added if the lists of subscribers to special funds were
consulted, but in these cases only the names of the founders of such funds are
here given.

KING CHARLES II.

1662. July 15. Granted to the Society a Charter of Incorporation.

1663. August 3. Presented the Society with a mace of silver, richly gilt,
weighing 150 oz. troy weight.

1667. September 27. Granted the Society Chelsea College and lands, which
were ultimately conveyed by Royal Patent dated April 8, 1669 (see
pp. 25, 27, 94, 105).

KING GEORGE III.

1768. March 24. Ordered the sum of ,£04,000 clear of fees to be paid to the
Society, to enable them to send expeditions to observe the Transit of
Venus. The surplus left, after paying all the expenses connected with
the expeditions, was ordered by the King to be carried to the credit of
the Society.

KING GEORGE IV.

1825. December 15. Founded two Gold Medals of the value of Fifty
guineas each (see Royal Medals, pp. 186, 213).

KING WILLIAM IV.

1833. March 28. The grant of two Royal Medals continued.

O

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

<^i i KN VICTORIA.
1838. July .">. The grant of two Royal Medals continued.

KIM; EI>WAKI> VII.
The grant of two Royal Medals continued.

KIM; GKOKOK V.
The grant of two Royal Medals continued.

1663. Die ember 11. W. Balle. Gift of <£TOO and 'an iron Chest having
three Lock, and Keycs \ This chest is still in use.

June :>2. Sir John Cutler. Settled an annual stipend of <£50 a year
upon Robert Ilooke, for a Lectureship, empowering the President, Council,
and 1 \-llo\\ s of the Society to appoint the subjects and number of lectures.
February Ml. Daniel Colwall. Gift of £100.— < Voted, that the
Fiftv pounds in cash; that were formerly presented by Mr. Colwall, be
delivered out, to be added to another Fifty pounds presented by the
same, to pay for the Collection of Rarities, formerly belonging to
Mr. Hubbard;

1666-7. January M. Henry Howard (afterwards sixth Duke of Norfolk).
Gift to the Society of ' the Library of Arundel House, to dispose thereof
heir property' (see p. 233). The Society 'ordered that Mr. Howard
should be registered as a benefactor1.

1673. November :>7. Dr. Wilkins, Bishop of Chester. Bequest of <£400.
invested January .'21, 1674-5, in a Fee Farm Rent at Lewes.

Nm-rmher 11. Samuel Pepys. A gift of ^50, « to be laid out as the
Council shall judge most convenient.'* The money was used to pay for
~>" I Mat ex to Willughby's 'Historia Piscium \

Sir Isaac Newton. ,£190.— At the Meeting of the Council on
January .\J1. 1707, the President, Sir Isaac Newton, 'proposed to the
Council] of the Society that if they would please to accept of free Gifts,
of .ibout 10 or 20 pounds, from any of their members, English or
«, to be paid after the death of the Donors, for promoting
Natural Philosophy, he had a prospect of obtaining some such Gifts ; and
tin- Comic-ill agreed to accept of them with thanks.' At the meeting on
L708 !', 'the President gave the Society twenty pounds
instead of the like sume he intended after his death; which was orderVl
to be put up by itself, and to be subject to such End or Benefaction as
» he IV,ident shall direct.1 On December 14, 1710, 'the President
ac(|!iainted the Couneill that he would give towards the easing of the
Debt of y' Society for y" House [in Crane Court], besides the twenty
I reserved, One Hundred Pounds.1 On November 6, 1718,
k »l" jiiainted the Council that Sir Isaac Newton had lately

paid him as a Gift to the Society seventy pounds.1

BENEFACTORS OF THE SOCIETY 195

1709. February 23. Dame Mary Sadleir, Relict of Dr. William Croone.
Founded the Croonian lecture (sec pp. 176,217) by bequest of 'One Fifth of
the Clear Rent of a house at the corner of Lambeth Hill \ for that purpose.

1710. March 17. Lord Halifax. £100.

1710. December 14. Dr. Hans Sloane, Secretary R.S. «£J10<>.

1710. December 14. Alexander Pitfield, Treasurer H.S. r 100.

1711. May 30. R. Balle. ^50.
1711. June 26. T. Isted. ^50.

1711. June 26. Sir David Hamilton. £oO.

1712. April 8. Richard Waller. ^100. Waller built the 'Repository'
for the Society at a cost of ^400 and accepted ,£300 as payment in full,
on condition that he should be registered as a benefactor.

1716. July 5. Francis Aston. Bequest of an estate at Mablethorpe, in
Lincolnshire, consisting of 55 acres, 2 roods, and 2 perches, and ' half the
overplus of his estate above Debts and Legacies ', realizing ,£445 0$. 7d.

1717. June 20. Sir Godfrey Copley, Bart. ^100 in trust for the Royal
Society, 'to be laid out in experiments, or otherwise, for the benefit
thereof, as they shall direct and appoint."* The will was dated October 14,
1704, and proved in the Prerogative Court, April 11, 1709 ; first applied
to the purchase of a medal in 1736 (see pp. 174, 210).

1717. October 24. S. Hill. £50.

1717. October 24. Thomas Paget, D.D. Bequest of two houses in Coleman

Street, worth about ^100 per annum.
1719. October 26. Robert Keck. Bequest of ^500 to the Society ' to

support their forreign correspondence '.
1741. December 16. Martin Folkes. £100, as a present to the Society 4 to

assist them in the present low state of their Revenue '.
1754. November 14. Samuel Hickman. Bequest of ,£100.
1754. November 21. Martin Folkes. Bequest of <£200 in money and a

portrait of Sir Francis Bacon.

1769. February 2. Robert Smith, D.D. Bequest of ^?100.
1775. Henry Baker. Bequest of ,£100, the interest to be applied for an

oration or discourse in Natural History or Experimental Philosophy (see

Bakerian Lecture, pp. 174, 224).
1786. July 27. Earl Stanhope. Bequest of <£500.
1796. May 5. William Benson Earle. Bequest of £'210 ' for the purchase

of Books for the Society's Library \
1796. November 24. Count Rumford. Gift of ^1,000 Stock to found the

Rumford Medals (see pp. 183, 212).
1828. December 11. William Hyde Wollaston, M.D. Gift of ,£2,000

3 per cent. Consols, to be called the Donation Fund, the dividends to be

applied in promoting experimental researches (see p. 177).
1828. December 11. Davies Gilbert. Gift of .£1,000 to the Donation Fund.

02

106 HFAOKD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

, Janii.t !. Guillemard. Gift of £100 to the Donation Fund.

Ig3<» Sir Clifton \Yintringhsim. Bequest of £1,200 3 per cent.

Consolidated Hank Annuities, for the annual award of a Silver Cup to
ior of tin- most satisfactory Experimental Examination of one
of certain subjects (see p. 1H6).
1843. November 3n. Kdwin Hill Hundley. Bequest of £6,3 78 19.9. Founder

of the Hundley Fund (seep. 180).

1843. November 30. Thomas Botfield. Bequeathed 'such a sum of money,
by way of donation, as would have been payable if he had been made
a Life" Member ' of the Royal Society. (£60.)

>. B. ( )liveirn. Gift of £50 for the Promotion of Science.
1864. ( Vtoher 'J7 . Heriah Botfield. -Bequest of ,£70.

aber 21. B. Oliveira. Bequest of £4,000, reduced after
a chancery suit to £1,506 17 ft. Id. (Minutes, October 28, 1869). This
applied to the construction of the telescope afterwards lent to
Dr. Hiiggins, since presented to the University of Cambridge.

April "22. Dr. John Davy, bequeathed the Service of Plate presented
to Sir Humphry Davy for the invention of the Safety Lamp, in fulfil-
ment of Sir II. Davy's intentions, to be melted down and sold, in order
from the proceeds to found a medal (see p. 177). It produced £736 8,v. 5d.
1^71. June 1 5. John Peter Gassiot. Securities representing £10,000 4 given
to the Royal Society upon trust, for the purpose of assisting in carrying
on and continuing mugnetical and meteorological observations ... in
the Keu Observatory1 (see pp. 179, 188).

October 30. E. H. Sterling. 'Donation of <£100 to the funds of

the Socielx."

1874. June 1 S. Sir Francis Ronalds. Bequest of £500 * for the Augmenta-
tion of the Wollaston [Donation] Fund' (see p. 177).

1874. October 2f). Henry Dircks. Bequest of one-fourth of his residue,
amounting (see Minutes, May 18, 1876) to £878 12*. Wd.

il>er 30. Sir Charles Wheatstone. Bequest of £500 for the
Donation Fund, and several portraits.

Febru;iry 17. T. J. Phillips Jodrell. Gift of ,£6,000 to be applied
in any manner 'most conducive to the encouragement, among our
countrymen, of original research in the Physical Sciences1 (see p. 181).

Address, Iloy. Soc. Proc., vol. 26, p. 429.) A sum of
jP.VM) contributed anonymously by five Fellows to the Society's funds.

April 11. James Young. A donation of ,£1,000, ' for the general

purpo^ of the Society/ This donation was devoted to the 'Publication

T (June M7, 1S7S), afterwards merged in the Fee Reduction Fund

r Joseph Whitworth. Gift of £2,000 to the Fee
Fund.

BENEFACTORS Ol THE SOCIETY i:>7

1879. January 16. Sir William (afterwards I Ami) Armstrong. Gift of

,£1,000 to the Fee Reduction Fund.
1879. February 27. Sydney Ellis. 4An unconditional bequest to the

Society of £1,000.'

1879. April 24. Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, Bart. Bequest of £1,500
to the Society, 'the interest to be applied to the promotion of scientific
research/

1880. December 16. Miss H. E. Pipe. Gift of ,£105 in aid of the publica-
tion of Mr. W. K. Parker's papers.

1881. March 24. Sir Joseph Copley, Bart. Gift of .£1,666 13*. 4d. 3 per
cent. Consols 'to provide in perpetuity a yearly bonus of £50 to be
given to the recipient of the Copley Medal '.

1884. January 17. Sir William Siemens. Bequest of £1,000 free -of
legacy duty, to the Scientific Relief Fund.

1884. October 30. George Bentham. Bequest of £1,000 to the Scientific-
Relief Fund ; afterwards reduced to .£567 by an informality in the will.

1885. April 23. James Budgett. Gift of £100 in aid of the publication
of Professor W. K. Parker's Researches.

1886. February 18. Dr. Ludwig Mond. Donation of 500 guineas to the
Scientific Relief Fund.

1886. November 30. Sir William (afterwards Lord) Armstrong. Donation

of £7,800 to the Scientific Relief Fund (see p. 183).
1888. March 15. Dr. J. F. Main. A telescope and the piers built for it

at St. Moritz.
1891. February 19. Henry Bowman Brady, F.R.S. Bequest of all his books

and papers relating to the Protozoa, and £300 free of duty, upon trust

for the purchase of works on the same or kindred subjects.

1891. October 29. His Excellency Dr. Robert Halliday Gunning gave the
Society his bond for £1,000 to found the Gunning Fund (see p. 180).

1892. December 8. Dr. Ludwig Mond, F.R.S. Gift of £2,000 « to assist in
carrying on the Catalogue of Scientific Papers \

1893. May 18. Earl of Derby. Bequest of £2,000.

1894. June 21. Dr. Ludwig Mond. Contribution towards the cost of the
Subject Index to the Catalogue of Scientific Papers. ' One-half of the
total expenditure in excess of the sum of £1,500 available for this purpose
out of the .£2,000 already placed at the disposal of the Society [see above],
provided the Society or others are willing to contribute the remainder of
such sum.'

1897. November. Sir William Mackinnon. Residue of his estate upon
trust for the foundation and endowment of prizes and scholarships for
the purpose of furthering Natural and Physical Science, and of furthering
original research and investigation in Pathology (see p. 182).

1900. January. Professor David Edward Hughes, F.R.S. Bequest of £4,000.

198 KKC'OUD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Income to In- auurded annually for the reward of original discovery in
tlu- Plu-ical Sciences, particularly Electricity and Magnetism (see p. 181).

.Inly. Dr. Lmlwig Mond. F.R.S. Gift of ,£6,000, payable in four
annual instalment of iM, :,()<), to assist in carrying on the Catalogue of
•itific Paper-.

( K-tober. Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Gift of ^1,000 for the same purpose.

1903. June. Anonymous. Gift of ,£1,000 for the same purpose.

1904. Nov. mint-. Anonymous. Gift of ^500 for the same purpose.
November. Mr. Frank McClean, F.R.S., bequeathed ^2,000 for the

ml purposes of the Society.

1905. October. Mr-. Tyndall. Gift of .£1,000 for the general purposes
of the Society, in accordance with -the wishes of Professor John Tyndall,

r.u.s.

1906. October. Miss Wolfe. Gift of ,£100 for scientific research.

1906. November. Dr. Ludwig Mond, F.R.S. Gift of ,£6,000, payable in
three annual instalments of ,£2,000, to assist in carrying on the Catalogue
of Scientific Papers.

November. Anonymous. Gift of .£500 for the scientific purposes of
the Society.

1908. October. Professor A. Schuster, F.R.S. Donation of .£1,500, the
income therefrom to be used towards defraying the travelling expenses of
delegates sent by the Society to meetings of the International Association
of Academies, and other Scientific Congresses.

1908. November. Dr. Ludwig Mond, F.R.S. Donation of =£2,000 towards
the cost of the Catalogue of Scientific Papers.

I'.M)'.). .January. Dr. H. C. Sorby, F.R.S. Bequest of ,£15,000 for the
purpose of establishing a Professorship or Fellowship for original research
in connexion with the University of Sheffield. See page 184.
1!MM). January. Professor Nevil Story Maskelyne, F.R.S. Donation of ^50
towards the expense of the publications of the Society, as a mark of his
appreciation of their scientific value.

! >n la r\ . 1 )r. George Gore, F.R.S. Bequest of one-half of the residue
of his estate, amounting to <£2,436 18«s. 10d., for the purpose of assisting
• ntific discovery.

1909. June. Mi^s Wolfe. Bequest of one-third of the residue of her estate
to the Society free of restrictions. c£8,200 has been received, and there
will I*- a further sum on the sale of some real estate.

!'.)()!>. July. Mrs. Tyndall. Gift of ,£1,000 for the purpose of encouraging
mining research. Sec page 185.

iber, Dr. Ludwitr Mond, F.R.S., bequeathed to the Society,

subject t.o the life interest of his wife, the sum of .£50,000, 'the income

of which is to be employed in the endowment of research in Natural

ice, more particularly but not exclusively in Chemistry and Physics,

BENEFACTORS OF THE SOCIKTY

by providing rewards for new dix-ovcries, and pecuniary assistance (in-
cluding scholarships) to persons pursuing sclent ilic in Motivations, and
in supplying apparatus and appliances for Laboratories and Observ-at
and, so far as consistent with the Mortmain and Charitable Uses Act,
1888, or other similar provisions, in improving existing or erecting new
Laboratories and Observatories, and in such other manner ;i> tin- I;
Society shall decide to be best calculated to promote Scientific Research.
And also in providing so far and in such amounts as the Council of tin
Royal Society shall from time to time determine for the publication and
circulation of the reports and papers communicated to the said Scx-iet\.
and for the preparation and publication of Catalogues and Indexes of
Scientific Literature which the Royal Society may have undertaken or may
in the future undertake.'

1909. November. Anonymous. A former benefactor, not a Fellow, gave
dPSOO, ' with the usual anonymity, for scientific purposes under the aegis of
the Royal Society/

1909. December. Major Daniels. Gift of ,£100 for the scientific purposes
of the Society.

1911. May. Professor A. Schuster, F.R.S. Gift of <£l,000for the purpose,
of the Fee Reduction Fund.

CHAPTER VI

PATRONS AND OFFICERS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
SINCE ITS FOUNDATION

PATRONS

His Majesty Ki\c CUAKLKS II, Founder.

„ „ JAMKS II, Fellow.

„ „ GEORGE I, Patron.

„ „ GEORGE II, Patron.

„ „ GEORGE III, Patron.

„ „ GEORGE IV, Patron.

„ „ WILLIAM IV, Patron.

Her Majesty QUEEN VICTORIA, Patron.
His Majesty KING EDWARD VII, Patron.

„ „ GEORGE V, Patron.

PRESIDENTS

Tenure of Office.
William. Viscount Brouncker ....'.. Apr. 22, 1663-Nov. 30, 1677

J<> (.-): ft. April 5, 1084. Adhered to Chas. I, and after the Restoration was
appointed by (lias. II Chancellor of the Queen Consort, and Keeper of her Great
! (I <',<;:_>) ; One of the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High
Admiral (1664), and Master of St. Catherine's Hospital (1681). Mathematician ;
the HiM to introduce continued fractions.

Sir .Jos.-pli Williamson, Kt ....... Nov. 30, 1677-Nov. 30, 1680

17»'l. M.A., D.C.L. (Oxon.). Statesman and diplomatist. Keeper of
the state l'.,,,er Office (IOC,]); Editor (1665) of 'Oxford Gazette', afterwards
' Ixiiidon (ia/ette'. Secretary of State (1674-8). Subsequently employed on
diplomatic mi— ion-..

i.ristophrr Wn-n. Kt ........ Nov. 30, 1680-Nov. 30, 1682

l-Vb. •-'.->. 1722-8. M.A., D.C.L. (Oxon.), LL.l). (Camb.).

Profe^or of Avtronomy at (iresliam College (1657). Savilian Professor of

Astronomy at Oxford (ICG] 7;i). Discoverer in the fundamental principles of

liidint: tlie la\v of reactioii. Arcliitect of St. Paul's Cathedral and

i\ London Chmvhrs:. Prominent member of the circle which was incorporated

.il Society.

FORMER PHKS1 DIALS

Sir John Iloskins, Bart ......... Nov. 30, 1682-Nov.

ft. July 23, 1031 ; il. Sept. IL', 17o:,. Ma-tri in ( ham -,.,•>-. Kvi-lyii dewribtt him M
' a most learned virtuoso, as well as lawyer '.

Sir Cyril Wyche, Kt ......... Nor. 80, 168S-N<T

ft. 1032(?); '/.!><><•. -M 7<>7. M.A., IU.J, « Kon.). Statesman :m.l .

One of the Lords Justices governing Ireland (1093-5). An n Turki-y

Samuel Pepys ........... Dec. 1, 1684-Nov :;n. ] • sr,

ft. Feb. 23, 1632-3; d. May 26, 1703. M.A. (Camb.). Autbor of tbe rel.-l,.-

Diary and collector of the Pepysian Library. Clerk of tbe Acts of tbe Navy (1660).
Surveyor-General of tbe Victualling Office (100.5). Master of Trinity Ilnimp (1 >
Secretary to tbe Admiralty (1686).

John, Earl of Carbery (Lord Vaugban) . . . Nov. 30, 1686 -Nov. 30, 1689

b. 1640 ; d. Jan. 16, 1712-13. Governor of Jamaica (1674-8).
Tbomas, Earl of Pembroke, K.G ..... Nov. 30, 1689-Nov. 30, 1690

ft. 1050; d. Jan. 22, 1732-3. First Lord of tbe Admiralty (1690). Lord Privy s-al
(1692). Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1707). Lord High Admiral (i?»8).
Mathematician and Antiquary.

Sir Robert Southwell, Kt ........ Dec. 1, 1690-Nov. 30, 1695

ft. 1635 ; d. 1702. D.C.L. (Oxon.). Envoy extraordinary to tbe Court of Portugal
(1672). Appointed by William III Principal Secretary of State for Ireland (IfiiMi).
Contributed papers to tbe ' Philosophical Transactions ', principally on phy-io-
logical and chemical subjects.

Charles Montagu (afterwards Earl of Hali-

fax, K.G.) ......... . . Nov. 30, 1695-Nov. 30, 1698

ft. April 16, 1661 ; d. May 19, 1715. M.A. (Camb.). Appointed a lord of the
Treasury (1692), Chancellor of the Exchequer (1694). Aided by Somers, Lock.-,
Newton, and Halley, he determined to remedy the depreciation of the currency.
and succeeded in passing the Re-coinage Bill (1090). First Lord of the
Treasury (1697).

John, Lord Somers ....... . . Nov. 30, 1698-Nov. 30, 1703

ft. 1652 ; d. April 20, 1716. Appointed Solicitor-General upon accession of William
and Mary; Attorney-General (1692); Lord Keeper of the Great Seal (1693);
Lord Chancellor (1697) ; deprived of office and impeached, but acquitted (1700).
Took a leading part in effecting the Union with Scotland (1707). Lord President
of the Council (1708).

Sir Isaac Newton, Kt ......... Nov. 30, 1703-Mar. 20, 1727

6. Dec. 25, 1642 ; d. March 20, 1727. Discovered the Binomial Theorem, in the
beginning of 1665 ; the direct method of fluxions or elements of tbe differential
calculus, Nov., 1005 ; the unequal refrangibility of the rays of light, Jan., 1666 ;
tbe integral calculus, May, 1066. Made his first reflecting telescope, 1668.
Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, 16(5!). In 10815 tbe MS. of
the ' Principia' was presented to the Royal Society, and in 1687 it was published.
Warden of the Mint (1695); Master of the Mint (1099). Publication of tbe
< Opticks', 1704. Knighted by Queen Anne, 1705.

KKCOHD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Ti-nitn' of Office.
:,«-. Hart ......... Nov. 30, 1727-Nov. 30, 1741

.Jan. 11.17">;>. Fellow of the Coll. Phys. (1687). Afterwards

..mpanied Duke of Alhemarlo to Jamaica, when* lie collected natural history

.mien- for fifteen months. Created a baronet by George I, an honour to

\\hich no Knirlish physician had before attained. Physician-General to the

IVe^. (oil. Phys. (1727). Secretary R.S. (1693-1712). Founder

,ic Harden, Chelsea (1721): his museum of natural history and other

.-[•••cinuMis purchased by (ioverninent (1754). There are twenty-four papers by

Sir Han* Sloane in the ' Philosophical Transactions'.

Martin Folke> ........... Nov. 30, 1741-Nov. 30, 1752

.'. K;:M>; ,/. June 2K. 1754. M.A. (Camb.), D.C.L. (Oxon.). Appointed
Vic,- -Prt-id.-nt of the Koyal Society, by Sir 1. Newton (1723). Pres. Soc. of
Antiijua ( ontributed ten papers to the ' Philosophical Transactions '.

4v, Karl of Macdesfleld ...... Nov. 30, 1752-Mar. 17, 1764

'7: <i. .March 17,1704. D.C.L. (Oxon.). Mathematician and Astronomer. In

:' aided by James Bradley erected an Astronomical Observatory at Shirburn

Castle, Oxfordshire, with the finest instrumental equipment then existing. His

tea of personal observations extended from June 4, 1740, to his death. He

\\a- mainly instrumental in procuring the change of style in 1752, being virtually

the author of the * Bill for Regulating the Commencement of the Year', which

pa-~ed the Peers in 1751. He contributed papers to the ' Philosophical Trans-

action- '.

irl of Morton (Lord Aberdour) . . Nov. 30, 1764-Oct. 12, 1768

/». 17<>i' : <l. Oct. J2, 17(5H. Astronomer. Instrumental in founding (1739) the
Philosophical (afterwards the Royal) Society of Edinburgh. Was one of the
( <iinmi-viuiiei> of Longitude, and took an active part in the preparations for
oliM-rving the Transit of Venus in 1769. One of the earliest Trustees of the
British .Mu<eiuii, and Keeper of the Records of Scotland. Contributed several
paper> to the ' Philosophical Transactions'.

(afterward* Sir James) Burrow . . . Oct. 27, 1768-Nov. 30, 1768

;nl : ,1. N,,v. 5, 17H2. Legal Reporter and Antiquary. Master of the

( 'rown ( Mlicr, and Senior Hencher of the Inner Temple. Contributed five papers

on Karth<|iiakes to the • IMiilosophical Transactions'. He was elected to the

chair only to -erve until the ensuing anniversary.

Klecte.l a -ecund time. July 2, 1772, to till the chair till the following anniversary.

\\,-l ............ Nov. 30, 1768-July 2, 1772

I: 17" J 0) : //. July L'. 1772. Politician and Antiquary. M.A. Balliol Coll., Oxford.

M. P. tor St. Alhan- M7M <;»). Joint Secretary to the Treasury (1741-62). A

low of the Society of Antiquaries (1727). ( Astronomy is indebted to Mr. West

for the preservation of several manuscript volumes and papers of Flamstet'dV

-hi. vol. ii. ,,. :,(>).

•fi» Priii-lr, Hart ......... Nov. 30, 1772-Nov. 30, 1778

/.. April lo. I7"7: '/. Jan. l», 17H2. Studied medicine at Leyden, and settled as
>iy-irian in Kdinbiirgh. M.I). (Leyden). Appointed (1734) Joint Professor
[i. ,.. Metaphy-ics] and Moral Philosophyin Edinburgh. Physician

FORMKH PHKSIDFATS -jo:*

to the Karl of Stair (1742;. and l'|,\ -ician-( u-n.-ral to tin- i
AftenvanU Physician to the Forces ordered to march again-t tin- !'
adherents in Scotland. Reformed military inrdirine and sanitation. Hi- ' Observa-
tions on tin- Diseases of the Army '(1752) attained a Kui-opran n-|.utatiuM. .-.nil ha*
become a classic. In 1764 Physician in Ordinary to the Qui-i-n. In 1774 Ph\
to the King. Author of medical works, especially on Military IlvLnnir, ami of
several papers read before the Royal Society.

Sir Joseph Banks, Bart Nov. 30, 1778-June 19, 1820

b. Feb. 13, 1743-4; d. June 19, 1820. D.C.L. (Oxon.). In 1766 accompaniM
Lieut. Phipps to Newfoundland and Labrador, where he made collection- in
Natural History. In 1768 joined Captain Cook in his first voyage of discovery.
In 1772 fitted out and accompanied a scientific expedition to Iceland, where he
made large Natural History collections, and purchased numerous Icelandic books
and manuscripts, all of which he presented to the British Museum. Baronet
(1781) ; Privy Councillor (1797).

William Hyde Wollaston June 29, 1820-Nov. 30, 1820

b. Aug. 6, 1766 ; d. Dec. 22, 1828. Studied for Medicine, and became a Tancred
Fellow at Cambridge. M.D. (Camb.). In 1789 settled at Bury St. Edmunds as
a physician. From 1797 to his death a constant contributor to the f Philosophical
Transactions', in which appear thirty-nine important papers in Chemi-trv,
Astronomy, Optics, Mechanics, Acoustics, Mineralogy, Crystallography, Physio-
logy, Pathology, and Botany. He was the discoverer of palladium (1804) and
rhodium (1805), and was the first to notice the dark lines in the solar spectrum.
In 1828 he described his method for rendering platinum malleable. He
established the Donation Fund of the Royal Society (see p. 177).

Sir Humphry Davy, Bart Nov. 30, 1820-Nov. 6, 1827

I. at Penzance, Dec. 17, 1778; d. at Geneva, May 29, 1829. LL.D. (Dublin).
Superintendent of Dr. Beddoes's Pneumatic Institution at Bristol (1798), where he
discovered the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide. Director of the Laboratory
of the Royal Institution (1801). Isolated the metals of the alkalis (1806). De-
monstrated the elementary nature of chlorine (1810). Investigated the proper! ir>
of iodine (1813). Invented the Miner's Safety-lamp (1815) ; the first safety-lamp
is still in the possession of the Society. Copley Medallist (1805). He contributed
forty-six memoirs and lectures to the ' Philosophical Transactions'.

ivies Gilbert (formerly Giddy) Nov. 6, 1827-Nov. 30, 1830

b. March 6, 1767 ; d. Nov. 7, 1839. M. A. , D.C.L. (Oxon.). High Sheriff of Cornwall
(1792-3). M.P. for Bodmin (1806). ' He took a prominent part in parliamentary
investigations connected with the arts and sciences' (' Diet. Nat. Biog.'). In
1819 he suggested, with success, the establishment of the Observatory at the Cape
of Good Hope. He contributed several papers to the ' Philosophical Trans-
actions ' .

H.R.H. The Duke of Sussex Nov. 30, 1830-Nov. 30, 1838

Augustus Frederick, sixth son of George III. b. Jan. 27, 1773; d. April 21, 1843.
During his tenure of office lie constantly presided at all meetings of the Council
and Society.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Tenure of Office.
Joshua Alwuii' Compton, Marquess of North-

ptoi, ' ............ Nov. 30, 1838-Nov. 30, 1848

//. .Ian. 17, 1851. Geologist and Mineralogist. One of the earliest
,1,-nU of the Geological Society : Pres. lirit. Assoc. 1836 and 1848.

William Parsons, Karl of Rosso ..... Nov. 30, 1848-Nov. 30, 1854
KM); '/. Oot. 31, 1867. Astronomer. Commenced experiments for
improving the reflecting telescope (1827) ; began observations with the 60-foot
reflector which lie constructed at Parsonstown (1845) ; discoverer of spiral nebulae.
llr-earche>. on neliulae and other celestial phenomena in ' Philosophical Trans-
action-. '. UNO, '44, '50, '61, and 'G8. Chancellor of University of Dublin (1862).

John, Lord WrotU-xlcy ...... ' . . Nov. 30, 1854-Nov. 30, 1858

Ig, 5, 17(.)H: //. Oct. 27, 1807. Practical Astronomer, carrying on observations
at two small observatories, one at Blackheath, the other at Wrottesley. Gold
.Medal of the Astronom. Soe. for a catalogue of Stars (1839). Pres. Astronom.
(1«41). Pres. Brit. Assoc. (1860).

Sir Benjamin Collins Brodic, Bart ..... Nov. 30, 1858-Nov. 30, 1861

//. 17H.'>; il. Oct. 21, 1862. Physiologist and Surgeon. For thirty years on the Staff
of St. George's Hospital. Medical Adviser to three successive Sovereigns. First
President of the Medical Council. Author of a work on the Diseases of the Joints,
and of numerous papers in the ' Philosophical Transactions', and the ( Transactions
of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society'. Copley Medallist (1811).

Sir Edward Sabine, K.C.B ....... Nov. 30, 1861-Nov. 30, 1871

/.. Oct. 14, 178»; <t. June 26, 1883. D.C.L. (Oxoii.), LL.D. ((Jamb.). General
(187<>). < >n active service 1812-16. Astronomer with Sir John Ross's Expedition
in search of North West Passage (1818). Accompanied Parry's first expedition
(181!>). Had a large part in establishing the science of terrestrial magnetism.
Appointed to conduct pendulum experiments in different latitudes (1819), and
.'oint Commissioner to determine the difference of longitude between the
observatories of Paris and Greenwich (1825).

.'•o,-.r<. Biddi -11 Airy, K.C.B ...... Nov. 30, 1871-Nov. 30, 1873

h. June 27. 1801 ; ,/. Jan. 2, 18S>2. Senior Wrangler (1823). M.A., LL.D. (Camb.),
I ).( . L. (( ).\on.). Lucasian Professor at Cambridge (1826). Plumian Professor of
-oiMimy and Director of Cambridge Observatory (1828). Astronomer Royal
(1835-81); did a <rreat work in the reorganization of Greenwich Observatory.
Chairman of the Commission charged with the construction of Standard Weights
and Measures (1831). Pres. lirit. Assoc. (1851). Organized Expedition for
Transit of Venus (1»74).

i. Dalton Hooker, O.M., G.C.S.I. . Nov. 30, 1873-Nov. 30, 1878

Dec. 11,1911. M.D.,1).C.L.,LL.D. Botanist , to Sir J. C. Ross's

antan-tic voyage 0 Krehiis' and 'Terror'). Botanist to the Geological Survey.

i-'-dition to India and the Himalayas (1848) ; to Syria (1860). Pres. Brit.

I'.otanical expedition to Morocco (1871) and across America (1877).

I )ire.-t«,r of Hoyal < Amiens at Keu (1865-85). K. C.S.I. (1877). Original member

of the Order of Merit

FORMER PRESIDENTS -jo.-,

re of Office.

William Spottiswoode Nov. 80, 1878-June 27, 1883

b. Jan. 11, 1825 ; d. June 27, 1883. Mathematician, Pliy-iri-t, ami < -rhoUr.

Queen's Printer. Lecturer in Mathematics at Balliol Coll.--. • \I. -.litationw
Analyticae' (1847). Numerous papers on tin- I'nl.-iri/.ation ..t l.i-ht u>d a
physical subjects in the ( Philosophical Tran>a, -tin.,- ', • IM.il. .M.,ir.\ A.. Pr««.
Math. Soc. (1871). Pres. Brit. Assoc. (1878).

Thomas Henry Huxley, P.C July 5, 1883-Nov.

6. May 4, 1825 ; d. June 29, 1895. D.C.L. (Oxon.). Let-turn .,„ General Nat 1 1
at the Royal School of Mines. Naturalist to the Geological Survey (1855) ; sub-
sequently Prof, of Biology in the Royal College of Science. Fullerian Profemor
of Physiology in the Royal Institution (1856-8). Hunti-riaii Profr-orat tin- Royal
College of Surgeons (1863-70). Pres. Geolog. Society, and of the Brit. AMOC.
(1870). Inspector of Fisheries (1881). Trustee of the Brit. Museum. Member
of many Royal arid other Commissions.

Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Bart Nov. 30, 1885-Nov. 30, 1890

b. Aug. 13, 1819 ; d. Feb. 1, 1903. Senior Wrangler (1841). Lucasian Professor of
Mathematics at Cambridge (1849-1902). Lecturer on Physics at the Royal
School of Mines (1854-60). Pres. Brit. Assoc. (1869). Author of Burnett
Lectures on Light (Aberdeen) and Gifford Lectures on Natural Theology (Edin-
burgh), and of fundamental memoirs in the ' Philosophical Transactions ', the
' Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society', and other journal*.

Lord Kelvin (Sir William Thomson), P.C.,

O.M., G.C.V.O Nov. 30, 1890-Nov. 30, 1895

b. June 26, 1824 ; d. Dec. 17, 1907. Second Wrangler and first Smith's Prizeman at
Camb. (1845). LL.D., D.C.L., D.Sc., M.D. Prof, of Nat. Philosophy in
Glasgow Univ. (1846-1899). Pres. Brit. Assoc. (1871). Original discoverer in
the foundations of thermodynamics, and of electrical theory and practice including
modern electrical engineering. Author of 'Treatise on Natural Philosophy', in
conjunction with Professor Tait. Original member of the Order of Merit.
Buried in Westminster Abbey by the side of Sir Isaac Newton.

Lord Lister, P.C., O.M Nov. 30, 1895-Nov. 30, 1900

6. April 5, 1827 ; d. Feb. 10, 1912. D.C.L., LL.D., D.Sc. Professor of Surgery in
the University of Glasgow (1860-69). Professor of Clinical Surgery in the I'niv.
of Edinburgh (1869-77), and in King's College, Lond. (1877-93). Pres. Brit.
Assoc. (1896). Sergeant Surgeon to H.M. Queen Victoria. Emeritus Prof, of
Clinical Surgery in King's Coll., Lond., and Consulting Surgeon to King's Coll.
Hospital. Author of Croonian Lecture on ' Coagulation of Blood ; early Stages
of Inflammation ', ' Phil. Trans.' ; and other papers on Physiological and Path..
logical subjects in the ' Trans, of the Roy. Soc. of Edinburgh ' and in the ' Trans,
of the Path. Soc., London', reprinted in two quarto volumes of 'Scientific
Papers '. Founder of the principles and practice of antiseptic surgery. Original
member of the Order of Merit. .

Sir William Huggins, K.C.B., O.M Nov. 30, 1900-Nov. 30, 1905

b. Feb. 7, 1824; d. May 13, 1910. D.C.L., LL.D., D.Sc. Established a private
Observatory at Tulse Hill (1856) Pres. Roy. Astron. Soc. (1876-8). Pn-

UKCOUD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Ten are of Office.

Br Rede lecturer (1869). Author of many memoirs in the

• Philn-ojiliiral Trail-actions', and elseu here, collected in ' Scientific Papers'

Author (with Lady Muggins) of 'An Atlas of Representative Stellar

Intended Kirchhoff's speetroscopie work on the sun,, and applied it

to tin- other heavenly bodies, thus taking a leading part in the foundation of

the -rienre of Astrophysics. Original member of the Order of Merit.

John William Strutt, Lord K;iyleigh

!'.(.. O.M Nov. 30, 1905-Nov. 30, 1908

I ; : 1 _'. See. 11. S. ( 1 H»7 1X5). Professor of Experimental Physics,, Cambridge
if Natural Philosophy, Royal Institution (1887-1905).

Author nf • Theory of Sound', '2 vols., 2nd ed. 1896, ' Scientific Papers/ 4 vols.,
.' r.tui. Nohel L-uireatein Physics (1904). Chancellor of Cambridge University
-hire ]'.K)}{. Original member of the 'Order of Merit.

\rrhibnld (icikie, K.C.B Nov. 30, 1908-

linbnrghj December '2Q, 1835. Hon. D.C.L. (Oxon.), D.Sc., LL.D., Ph.D.

Appointed to the (Geological Survey (1855). Director Geological Survey Scotland
(18(57-82), first Murchison Professor of Geology and Mineralogy, Edinburgh
(1H7I 82). lor. Sec. R.S. (1890-4); Sec. R.S. (1903-8). Pres. Geol. Soc. (1891-2,
-; B); Pre>. Brit. Assoc. (1892). Director-General Geological Survey United
Kingdom (1H82-1D01). Author of numerous memoirs in geology, more especially
on volcanism, glaciation, origin of scenery; also of a Textbook of Geology and
other scientific works ; and of biographies of Edward Forbes, R. I. Murchison,
A. ('. Ramsay, A:c.

TREASURERS

Date of Election.

April 22, 1663. William Balle.

N7ov. 30, 1663. Abraham Hill.

Nov. 30, 1665. Daniel Colwall.

IK-c. 1,1679. Abraham Hill.

Nov. 30, 1700. Alexander Pitfield.

Nov. 30, 1728. Roger Gale.

\m. 80, 1736. James West.

Nov. 30, 1768. Samuel Wegg.

iso:.'. Willi.-ini Marsden.

80, 1SK). Samuel Lysons.

-Inlv :.MI. I«JD. Davies Gilbert.

L827. Ilrm-y Kater.

'. Sir John William Lubbock, Bart.

IH'55. l-Vaiicis Baily.

1 838. Sir John William Lubbock, Bart.

TREASURERS AND SECRETARIES

Date of Election.

Nov. 30, 1845. Georgt Ucnnic.

Nov'. 30, 1850. Lt.-Col. E. Subii.r.

Nov. 30, 1861. Prof. W. A. Miller.

Nov. 30, 1870. William Spottiswoode.

Nov. 30, 1878. Sir John Evans, K.C.B.

Nov. 30, 1898. Sir Alfred Bray Kempe.

SECRETARIES

Date of Election.

April 22, 1663. John Wilkins, D.D.

April 22, 1663. Henry Oldenburg.

Nov. 30, 1668. Thomas Henshaw.

Nov. 30, 1672. John Evelyn.

Nov. 30, 1673. Abraham Hill.

Nov. 30, 1675. Thomas Henshaw.

Nov. 30, 1677. Nehemiah Grew, M.D.

Nov. 30, 1677. Robert Hooke.

Nov. 30, 1679. Thomas Gale, D.D.

Nov. 30, 1681. Francis Aston.

Nov. 30, 1682. Robert Plot, D.C.L.

Nov. 30, 1684. William Musgrave, M.D.

Nov. 30, 1685. Tancred Robinson, M.D.

Dec. 16, 1685. Sir John Hoskins, Bart.

Dec. 16, 1685. Thomas Gale, D.D.

Nov. 30, 1687. Richard Waller.

Nov. 30, 1693. Hans Sloane, M.D.

Nov. 30, 1709. John Harris, D.D.

Nov. 30, 1710. Richard Waller.

Nov. 30, 1713. Edmund Halley, D.C.L.

Jan. 13, 1714. Brook Taylor, LL.D.

Dec. 1, 1718. John Machin.

Nov. 30, 1721. James Jurin, M.D.

Nov. 30, 1727. William Rutty, M.D.

Nov. 30, 1730. Cromwell Mortimer, M.D.

Nov. 30, 1747. Peter Davall.

Nov. 30, 1752. Thomas Birch, D.D.

Nov. 30, 1759. Charles Morton, M.D.

Nov. 30, 1765. Matthew Maty, M.D.

Nov. 30, 1773. Samuel Horsley, LL.B.

RKCOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of Klivtioil.

1776. Joseph Planta.

\,,.. 80, 1778. Paul Henry Maty. M.A.

1. Charles Blagden, M.D.

. 171)7. Edward Whitaker Gray, M.D.

80, 1S01. William Hyde Wollaston, M.D.

Jan. M:,>, 1807. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.

Nov. 80, 1812. Taylor Combe.

Nov. 30, 181(5. William Thomas Brancle.

Nov. 30, 1824. Sir John Frederick William Herschel, Bart.

Nov. 30. 1S2(5. John George Children.

Nov. 30. 1S:J7. IVter Mark Roget, M.D.

Nov. 30, 1827. Lieut.-Col. Edward Sabine, R.A.

SON . •'><>, 1830. John George Children.

30, 1837. Samuel Hunter Christie.

Nov. 30, 1848. Thomas Bell.

Nov. 30, 1853. William Sharpey, M.D.

Nov. 30, 1854. Prof. George Gabriel Stokes.

Nov. 30, 1872. Prof. Thomas Henry Huxley.

Nov. 30, 1881. Prof. Michael Foster.

Nov. 30, 1885. Lord Rayleigh.

Nov. 30, 1896. Arthur William Rucker.

Nov. 30, 1901. Joseph Larmor.

Nov. 30, 1903. Sir Archibald Geikie.

Nov. 30, 1908. John Rose Bradford.

FOREIGN SECRETARIES

Date of Klrrtion.

April 11,1 72.'5. Philip Henry /oilman.

April IS, 17:28. Dr. Dilleniufl and Dr. Scheuchzer.

Aug. 21), 174S. Thomas Stack, M.D.

-1. James Parsons, M.D.

Mar. 4,176:.'. .Matthew Maty, M.D.

1).,. 11, 17fir,. John Bevis, M.D.

. Paul Henry Maty.

Junr .",(>, 17; 1. Joseph Plai.ia.

Jan. 1 I, 1771). Charles Huttoil.

June 17, 178-1. Charles Peter Layard.

1X01, Thomas Vounu-, M. 1).

80, 1830. Charles

SIR HUMPHRY DAVY

From a portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence, in the possession of the
lloyal Society

SECRETARIES AND FOREIGN SECRETARIES 209

Date of Election.

Nov. 30, 1837. Capt. William Henry Smyth, R.N.

Nov. 30, 1839. John Frederic Daniell.

Dec. 1, 1845. Lieut.-Col. Edward Sabine, R.A.

Nov. 30, 1850. Capt. William Henry Smyth, R.N.

Nov. 30, 1856. William Hallowes Miller.

Nov. 30, 1873. Alexander W. Williamson.

Nov. 30, 1889. Archibald Geiku-.

Nov. 30, 1893. Sir Joseph Lister, Bart.

Nov. 30, 1895. Edward Frankland.

Nov. 30, 1899. Thomas Edward Thorpe.

Nov. 30, 1903. Francis Darwin.

Nov. 30, 1907. John Rose Bradford.

Nov. 30, 1908. Sir William Crookes.

ASSISTANT SECRETARIES

Nov. 30, 1810. Stephen Lee.

April 6, 1826. James Hudson.

April 2, 1835. John David Roberton.

Dec. 14, 1843. Charles Richard Weld.

May 2, 1861. Walter White.

Mar. 25, 1885. Herbert Rix.

Jan. 16, 1896. Robert W. F. Harrison.

CHAPTER VII

MEDALLISTS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

AND

CROONIAN AND BAKERIAN LECTURERS WITH
TITLES OF THEIR SUBJECTS

MEDALLISTS
The Copley Medal

is awarded to the living author of such philosophical research, either published
or communicated to the Society, as may appear to the Council to be deserving
of that honour. The subject or subjects of research, on account of which the
medal is awarded, must be specified in making the award. No limitation is
imposed either as to the period of time within which that research was made,
or to the particular country to which its author may belong. The medal may
not be awarded to any person who is a Member of the Council at the time
\\1 ion the award is made The medal may be given more than once to the
same person if the Council deem it expedient. As far as circumstances admit,
it is awarded annually. (See p. 174.)

Copley Medallists

1731. Stephen Gray.

1732. Stephen Gray.

1734. John Theophilus Desaguliers.

1736. John Theophilus Desaguliers.

1737. John Belchii-r.

1738. James Valoue.

1739. Stephen Hales.

1740. Alexander Stuart.

1741. John Theophilus Desaguliers.

1742. Captain Christopher Middle-

ton.

1743. Al>nih;nn Tmnbley.

1744. 1 1. my B;iker.

1745. Sir William Watson.

1746. Benjamin Robins.

1747. Gowin Knight.

1748. K, \ . .James' Bradley.
'. .John Harrison.

1750. Kdwards.

1751. John Canton.

1752. Sir John Pringle.

1753. Benjamin Franklin.

1754. William Lewis.

1755. John Huxham.

1757. Lord Charles Cavendish.

1758. John Dollond.

1759. John Smeaton.

1760. Benjamin Wilson.
1764. John Canton.

1766. William Brownrigg.
Edward Delaval.
Hon. Henry Cavendish.

1767. John Ellis.

1768. Peter Woulfe.

1769. William Hewson.

1770. Sir William Hamilton.

1771. Matthew Raper.

1772. Joseph Priestley.

1773.
1775.
1776.
1777.
1778.
1780.
1781.
1782.
1783.

1784.
1785.
1787.
1788.
1789.
1791.

1792.
1794.
1795.
1796.
1798.

1799.
1800.
1801.
1802.
1803.
1804.
1805.
1806.
1807.
1808.
1809.
1811.
1813.
1814.
1815.
1817.
1818.
1820.
1821.

1822.
1823.
1824.
1825.

1826.
1827.

MEDALLISTS

211

John Walsh.
Rev. Nevil Maskelyne.
Captain James Cook.
John Mudge.
Charles Hutton.
Rev. Samuel Vince.
Sir William Herschel.
Richard Kirwan.
John Goodricke.
Thomas Hutchins.
Edward Waring.
Major-General William Hoy.
John Hunter.
Sir Charles Blagden.
William Morgan.
James Rennell.
John Andrew De Luc.
Benjamin Count Rumford.
Alessandro Volta.
Jesse Ramsden.
George Atwood.
Sir George Shuckburgh Evelyn.
Charles Hatchett.
Rev. John Hellins.
Edward Howard.
Sir Astley Paston Cooper.
William Hyde Wollaston.
Richard Chenevix.
Smithson Tennant.
Sir Humphry Davy.
Thomas Andrew Knight.
Sir Everard Home.
William Henry.
Edward Troughton.
Benjamin Collins Brodie.
William Thomas Brande.
James Ivory.
David Brewster.
Captain Henry Kater.
Sir Robert Seppings.
John Christian Oersted.
Captain Edward Sabine.
John Frederick William Her-
schel.

Rev. William Buckland.
John Pond.

John Brinkley, Bishop of Cloyne.
Francois Arago.
Peter Barlow.
Sir William South.
William Prout.

1827.
1831.
1832.

1834.
1835.
1836.

1837.
1838.

1839.
1840.

1841.
1842.
1843.
1844.
1845.
1846.
1847.

1848.-
1849.
1850.
1851.
1852.

1853.
1854.
1855.
1856.
1857.
1858.
1859.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.

Captain Henry Foster.

George Bidddl Airy.

Michael Faraday.

Baron Simeon Denis Poisson.

Giovanni Plana.

William Snow Harris.

Jons Jacob Berzelius.

Francis Kiernan.

Antoine C. Becquerel.

John Frederic Daniell.

Karl Friedrich Gau»*.

Michael Faraday.

Robert Brown.

Justus Liebig.

Jacques Charles Francois Sturm.

George Simon Ohm.

James MacCullagh.

Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas.

Carlo Matteucci.

Theodor Schwann.

Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier.

Sir John Frederick William

Herschel.

John Couch Adams.
Sir Roderick Impey Murchison.
Peter Andreas Hansen.
Richard Owen.
Baron Alexander von Hum-

boldt.

Heinrich Wilhelm Dove.
Johannes Miiller.
Jean Bernard Le\>n Foucault.
Henry Milne-Edwards.
Michel Eugene Chevreul.
Sir Charles Lyell.
Wilhelm Eduard Weber.
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen.
Louis Agassiz.
Thomas Graham.
Rev. Adam Sedgwick.
Charles Darwin.
Michel Chasles.
Julius Plucker.
Karl Ernst von Baer.
Sir Charles Wheatstone.
Henri Victor Regnault.
James Prescott Joule.
Julius Robert Mayer.
Friedrich Wohler.
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand

Helmholtz.

P2

•J1-J RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

1874. Louis Pasteur.

Wilhelm llofmann.
1876. Claude Bernard.

Dwiirht Dana.
Jean Bapti>te Boussingault

1879. Rudolph J. K Clausius.

1880. James Joseph Sylvester.

1881. Karl Adolph Winfte.

1882. Arthur Cayley.

1883. Sir William Thomson.

1884. Carl Liidwiir.

1885. August Keknle.

1886. Fran/ Krnst Neumann.

1887. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker.

1888. Thomas Henry Huxley.

1889. Rev. (ieorge Salmon.

1890. Simon Neweomb.

1891. Stanislao (1annizxaro.

1892. Rudolph Virchow.

1893. Sir George Gabriel Stokes.

1894. Edward Frankland.

1895. Carl Weierstrass.

1896. Carl Gegenbaur.

1897. Albert von Kolliker.

1898. Sir William Huggins.

1899. Lord Rayleigh.

1900. Marcellin Berthelot.

1901. Joseph Willard Gibbs.

1902. Joseph, Baron Lister.

1903. Eduard Suess.

1904. Sir William Crookes.

1905. Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleeff.

1906. Elias Metchnikoff.
'1907. Albert A. Michelson.

1908. Alfred Russel Wallace.

1909. George William Hill.

1910. Sir Francis Galton.

1911. Sir George Howard Darwin.

The Rumford Medal,

consisting of a gold medal with a silver copy struck in the same die, is awarded
onee every second year 'to the author of the most important discovery or
useful improvement which shall be made and published by printing or in any
way made known to the public in any part of Europe during the preceding
two years on Heat or on Light, the preference always being given to such
discoveries as, in the opinion of the President and Council of the Royal

t\, tend most to promote the good of mankind.

' If during any term of years from the last award no new discovery or
improvement shall have been made in any part of Europe relative to Light or
Heat, in the opinion of the President and Council of sufficient importance to
deaerve the award, it may not be given, but the value of it may be reserved,
and being laid out in the purchase of additional stock may augment the
capital ; and the interest of the same, by which the capital may from time to
time he so augmented, may be given in money1 at a subsequent award with
the medal. (See p. 183.)

ttumford

1SOO. Benjamin Count Rumford.

-lie.
IKOf,. William Mnnloek.

nne Louis Mains.
1*11. William Charles Wells.
I SIT). Sir Humphry Davy.

isis. David Brewrter,

•. Aii^ustin Jean I-'n^nel.
John 1'Vederic Daniell.

Medallists

1834. Macedonio Melloni.

1838. James David Forbes.

1840. Jean Baptiste Biot.

1842. Henry Fox Talbot.

1846. Michael Faraday.

1848. Henri Victor Regnault.

1850. Francois Jean Dominique

Arago.
1852. George Gabriel Stokes.

MEDALLISTS

213

1854. Neil Arnott.

1856. Louis Pasteur.

1858. Jules Jamin.

1860. James Clerk Maxwell.

1862. Gustav Robert Kirchhoff'.

1864. John Tyndall.

1866. Armand Hippolyte Louis

Fizeau.

1868. Balfour Stewart.
1870. Alfred Olivier Des Cloizeaux.
1872. Anders Jonas Angstrom.
1874. Joseph Norman Lockyer.
1876. Pierre Jules Cesar Janssen.
1878. Alfred Cornu.
1880. William Huggins.
1882. William de W. Abney.

1884. Tobias Robertas ThaKn.

1886. Saniiul Pic r{>ont Langley.

1888. Pietro Tmvhini.

1890. Heinric-li Hcri/.

1892. NilsC. Dun

1894. James Dewar.

1896. Philipp Lenard.

Wilhelm Conrad Rimtgen.
1898. Oliver Joseph Lodge.
1900. Antoine Henri Becquerel.
1902. Charles Algernon Parsons.
1904. Ernest Rutherford.
1906. Hugh Longbourne Callendar.
1908. Hendrik Antoon Lorcnt/.
1910. Heinrich Rubens.

The Royal Medals,

consisting each of a gold medal with a silver copy struck in the same die, are
awarded annually by the Sovereign upon the recommendation of the Council,
for the two most important contributions to the advancement of Natural Know-
ledge, published originally in His Majesty's dominions within a period of not
more than ten years, and of not less than one year of the date of the award.

In the award of the Royal Medals one is given in each year to each of the
two great divisions of Natural Knowledge. (See pp. 186, 193.)

Royal Medalists

1826. John Dalton.
James Ivory.

1827. Sir Humphry Davy.
Friedrich Georg Wilhelm

Struve.

1828. Johann Friedrich Encke.
William Hyde Wollaston.

1829. Charles Bell.
Eilhard Mitscherlich.

1830. David Brewster.
Antoine Jerome Balard.

1833. Auguste Pyrame De Candolle.
Sir John Frederick William

Herschel.

1834. John William Lubbock.
Charles Lyell.

1835. Michael Faraday.

Sir William Rowan Hamilton.

1836. George Newport.

Sir John F. W. Herschel.

1837. Rev. William Whewell.

1838. Thomas Graham.
Henry Fox Talbot.

1839. James Ivory.
Martin Barry.

1840. Sir John F. W. Herschel.
Charles Wheatstone.

1841. Robert Kane.
Eaton Hodgkinson.

1842. William Bowman.
John Frederic Daniell.

1843. James David Forbes.
Charles Wheatstone.

1844. Thomas Andrews.
George Boole.

1845. George Biddell Airy.
Thomas Snow Beck.

1846. Michael Faraday.
Richard Owen.

1847. George Fownes.
William Robert Grove.

1848. Thomas Galloway.

•_>U RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

1848. Charks Jaim-> Hargivuvi-.

1849. Colom-1 Kdwunl Sabim-.

Iron A. .Mantell.
•ijamin Collins Brodie.
Thomas (iralmin.

1851. Karl of He-
George Newport.

1852. James Prescott Joule.
Thomas Henry Huxley.

1853. Charles Darwin.

1854. August Wilhelm Hofniann.
Joseph Dalton Hooker.

1855. John Hussel Hind.

.John Obadiah Westwood.

1856. Sir John Richardson.
William Thomson.

1857. Edward Frankland.
.John Limlley.

1858. Albany Hancock.
William Lassell.

1859. George Bentham.
Arthur Cayley.

1860. William Fairbairn.
Augustus Waller.

1861. William B. Carpenter.
James Joseph Sylvester.

1862. He v. Thomas Romney Robinson.
Alexander William Williamson.

1863. Rev. Miles J. Berkeley.
John Peter Gassiot.

1864. Jacob Lockhart Clarke.
Warren l)e la Rue.

1865. Joseph Prestwich.
Archibald Smith.

1866. William I Juggins.
William Kitchen Parker.

1867. John Beniiet Lawes and Joseph

Henry Gilbert.
Sir William Logan.

1868. Alfred Kussel Wallace.
Ht v. (ieorge Salmon.

1869. Sir Thomas Mndeur.
Au^u>tns Matthiessen.
William Hallowes Miller.
Thomas Davidson.

1H71. .lohn Stenhn

Bosk.

1872. Tl. ilrrson.
Henry John Carter.

1873. < I iint-s Allman.
Henry Knfield Hosroe.

1874. Henry Clifton Sorby.
William Crawford Williamson.

1875. William Crookes.
Thomas Oldham.

1876. William Froude.

Sir C. Wyville Thomson.

1877. Frederick Augustus Abel.
Oswald Heer.

1878. John Allan Broun.
Albert C, L. G. Giinther.

1879. William Henry Perkin.
Andrew Crombie Ramsay.

1880. Joseph Lister.
Andrew Noble.

1881. Francis Maitland Balfour.
John Hewitt Jellett.

1882. William Henry Flower.
John W. Baron Rayleigh.

1883. Thomas Archer Hirst.
J. S. Burdon Sanderson.

1884. George Howard Darwin.
Daniel Oliver.

1885. David Edward Hughes.
Edwin Ray Lankester.

1886. Francis Galton.
Peter Guthrie Tait.

1887. Colonel Alexander Ross Clarke.
Henry Nottidge Moseley.

1888. Baron Ferdinand von Mueller.
Osborne Reynolds.

1889. Walter Holbrook Gaskell.
Thomas Edward Thorpe.

1890. David Ferrier.
John Hopkinson.

1891. Charles Lap worth.
Arthur William Rucker.

1892. John Newport Langley.
Charles Pritchard.

1893. Arthur Schuster.
Harry Marshall Ward.

1894. Victor Alexander Haden

Horsley.
Joseph John Thomson.

1895. James Alfred Ewing.
John Murray.

1896. Charles Vernon Boys.
Sir Archibald Geikie.

1897. Andrew Russell Forsyth.
Sir Richard Strachey.

1898. Walter Gardiner.
John Kerr.

MEDALLISTS

215

1899. George Francis Fitzgerald.
William Carmichael Mclntosh.

1900. Percy Alexander MacMahon.
Alfred Newton.

1901. William Edward Ayrton.
William Thomas Blanford.

1902. Horace Lamb.
Edward Albert Schafer.

1903. Sir David Gill.
Horace T. Brown.

1904. David Bruce.
William Burnside.

1905. John Henry Poynting.

1905. Charles Scott Sherrington.

1906. Alfred George Greenhill.
Dukinfield Henry Scott.

1907. Ernest William Hoteon.
Ramsay H. Traquuir.

1908. John Milne.
Henry Head.

1909. Augustus E. H. Love.
Ronald Ross.

1910. John Joly.
Frederick Orpen Bower.

1911. George Chrystal.
William Maddock Bayliss.

The Davy Medal

is awarded annually for the most important discovery in Chemistry made in
Europe or Anglo- America. (See p. 177.)

1877.
1878.
1879.

1880.
1881.
1882.

1883.
1884.

1885.
1886.

1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.

Davy Medallists

Robert Wilhelm Bunsen.

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff.

Louis Paul Cailletet.

Raoul Pictet.

Paul 6mile Lecoq de Bois-

baudran.
Charles Friedel.
Adolf Baeyer.

Dimitri Ivanovitch Mendeleeff.
Lothar Meyer.
Marcelin Berthelot.
Julius Thomsen.
Adolph Wilhelm Hermann

Kolbe.

Jean Servais Stas.
Jean Charles Galissard de

Marignac.

John A. R. Newlands.
William Crookes.
William Henry Perkin.
Emil Fischer.
Victor Meyer.

1892. Fran9ois Marie Raoult.

1893. Jac. Hen. van't Hoff.
Joseph Achille Le Bel.

1894. Per Theodor Cleve.

1895. William Ramsay.

1896. Henri Moissan.

1897. John Henry Gladstone.

1898. Johannes Wislicenus.

1899. Edward Schunck.

1900. Guglielmo Koerner.

1901. George Downing Liveing.

1902. Svante August Arrhenius.

1903. Pierre Curie and Madame Curie.

1904. William Henry Perkin, Jun.

1905. Albert Ladenburg.

1906. Rudolf Fittig.

1907. Edward W. Morley.

1908. William Augustus Tilden.

1909. Sir James Dewar.

1910. Theodore W. Richards.

1911. Henry Edward Armstrong.

The Darwin Medal,

which is accompanied by a grant of d£100, is given biennially in reward of
work of acknowledged distinction (especially in Biology) in the field in which
Mr. Darwin himself laboured. The award may be made either to a British
subject or a foreigner, and without distinction of sex. (See p. 177.)

216 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Darwin Medallists

1890. Alfred Russel \Vall.u-o.
1892. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker.
1894. Thomas Henry Huxley.
1896. Giovanni Battista Grassi.
1898. Karl IVarson.
1900. Ernst Haeckel.

1902. Francis Gallon.
1904. William Bateson.
1906. Hugo de Vries.
1908. August Weismann,
1910. Roland Trimen.

The Buchanan Medal,

which is accompanied by a grant of the balance of the Buchanan Medal Fund
which may have accumulated since the last award, is awarded every five years
in respect of distinguished services to Hygienic Science or Practice in the
direction either of original research or of professional, administrative, or
constructive work, without limit of nationality or sex. (See p. 175.)

Buchanan Medallists

1897. Sir John Simon. 1902. Sydney A. Monckton Copeman.

1907. William Henry Power.

The Sylvester Medal,

which is accompanied by a grant of the balance of the income of the Sylvester
Medal Fund, is awarded triennially for the encouragement of Mathematical
Research, irrespective of nationality. (See p. 185.)

Sylvester Medallists

1901. Henri Poincare.
1904. Georg Cantor.

1907. Wilhelm Wirtinger.
1910. Henry Frederick Baker.

Hughes Medal.

A Gold Medal, bearing a bust of the late Professor D. E. Hughes, F.R.S., is
awarded annually, together with the balance of the income of the Fund, to such
|)ersoii as the President and Council may consider the most worthy recipient,
without restriction of sex or nationality, as the reward of original discovery in the
Physical Sciences, particularly electricity and magnetism or their applications,
such discovery or applications having been published not less than one year
Ix'fore tlu- award. If in any year the Council do not see fit to award the
medal, owing to no one being deemed sufficiently worthy of it, the income for
that year is invested and added to the principal of the Fund. (See p. 181.)

Hughes Medallists

:.h .John Thomson.
Wilhelm Hittorf.
1901 ph Wilson Swan.

1905. Au^usfn Righi.

1906. M: . Hertha Ayrton.

1907. Ernest Howard Griffiths.

1908. Eugen Goldstein.

1909. Richard Tetley Glazebrook.

1910. John Ambrose Fleming.

1911. Charles Thomson Rees Wilson.

217

THE CROONIAN LECTURE

LIST OF LECTURERS AND SUBJECTS

1738. Alexander Stuart.

'On the Motion of the Heart, founded on some Anatomical Observations aiid
Experiments.' Phil. Trans., vol. 40, S,,,,pl,.miMit : vol. 41, p. 675.

1739. Frank Nicholls.

4 An Enquiry into Muscular Motion.' Journal Book, vol. xviii, p. 70.

1740. Alexander Stuart.

' On the Peristaltic Motion of the Intestines.'

Journal Book, vol. xviii, pp. L

1740. Alexander Stuart.

' Microscopical Observations on several parts of live Frogs.'

Journal Book, vol. xviii, p. 290.

1741. James Douglas.

' Description of the several Muscles, Membranes and parts belonging to the
Uvula of the Palate, and concerned in its action ; as also of the several
parts subservient to the uses of the Tuba Eustachiana.'

Journal Book, vol. xviii, p. 377.

1742. James Douglas.

' Description and Structure of the Human Bladder, with the Uses of its
Muscles and Membranes.' Journal Book, vol. xviii, p. 419.

1744.1 James Parsons.

' An Introductory Discourse on Muscular Motion.'

Phil. Trans., vol. 43, Supplement

1745. James Parsons.

' On Muscular Motion.' Phil. Trans., vol. 43, Supplement.

1746. James Parsons.

' Description of the several Muscles of the Face; with their particular
Functions and Uses.' Phil. Trans., vol. 44, part i, Supplement,

1747. Browne Langrish.

' On the Theory of Muscular Motion.'

Phil. Trans., vol. 44, part ii, Supplement

1750. James Parsons.

' On Muscular Motion.' Journal Book, vol. xxi, p. 357.

1751. James Parsons.

' Critical Remarks upon the Motion and Uses of the Human Pelvis.'

Journal Book, vol. xxi, pp. 641, 662.
1752 and 1753. Not recorded.

1754 to 1758. Charles Morton.

Minutes of Council, vol. iv, pp. 168, 189 : and Annual Accounts.

1759 and 1760. Not recorded.

1 Lecture revived, ' the deficiency of the Fund being made good by the Rents.'

218 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Charles Morton. (?)

Annual Accounts.

1774 Not recorded.

and 1776. John Hunter.

Minutes of Council, vol. vi, pp. 283, 335.

1781, John Hunter.

• On the Construction and Application of Muscles and the Power by which
they are actuated.'

Journal Book, vol. xxxi, p. 194 : and Annual Accounts, 1781.

1782. John Hunter.

•On the Density and Firmness of a Muscle as contributing to its Strength
and Ability.' Journal Book, vol. xxxi, p. 194.

17H3. Not recorded.

1784. Foart Simmons.

' On the Irritability of the Muscular Fibres.'

Journal Book. vol. xxxi, p. 642.

Kduard Whittaker Grey.

' An Examination into Haller's Theory of Muscular Motion.'

Journal Book, vol. xxxii, p. 259.

1786. Edward Whittaker Grey.

' ( >n the Effects of different kinds of Salts applied as Stimulants on the
Muscle-.' Journal Book, vol. xxxii, p. 468.

1787. George Fordyce.

' On Muscular Motion.' Phil. Trans., vol. 78, p. 23.

1788. Sir Gilbert Blane, Bart.

• ( >M the Nature of the Muscles, and on the Theory of Muscular Motion.'

Journal Book, vol. xxxiii, p. 2(58.

1789. Sir William Blizard.

• On the Theory of Muscular Motion.' Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 9.

171H). Sir Kverard Home, Bart.

• ( )n the Mechanism employed in producing Muscular Motion.'

Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 200.
171)1. Matthew Baillir.

'A general view of the Nature of the Muscles, and an enumeration of the
mo-t. >trikintr facts connected with the Theory of their Motion.'

Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 419.
Not K

rani I Ionic, Hart.1

• On Mr. Hunter's Experiments to ascertain whether the Crystalline Humour
of the Kye be muscular.' Journal Book, vol. xxxv, p. 1(56.

17!M Sir K%erard Home, Bart.

• ( Mi the Crystalline Humour of the Eye.' Phil. Trans., 17!>:>.

1 Tin- ilecea-r nf Mr. Hunter took place before the Lecture, on which he was en^a^ed l»y
•iiient of the Council, was completed.

THE CROONIAN LECTURK 219

1795. Sir Everard Home, Bart.

'On the Mechanism employed in producing Muscular .Motion.

IMiil. TIM

1796. Sir Everard Home, Bart.

' ( )n the Crystalline Humour of the Eye.' Phil. Trann. , 1790.

1797. John Abernethy.

' A general Review of the latest Opinions relative to Animal Life and Motion.'

Journal Book, vol. xxxvi, p. 340.

1798. Sir Everard Home, Bart.

' Experiments and Observations upon the Structure of Nerves.'

IM.il. Trans., 1799.

1799. Sir Everard Home, Bart.

* On the Structure and Uses of the Membrana Tympani.' Phil. Trans., 1800.

1800. Sir Everard Home, Bart.

' On the Irritability of Nerves.' Phil. Trans., 1801.

1801. Sir Everard Home, Bart.

' On the power of the Eye to adjust itself to different distances when
deprived of the Crystalline Lens.' Phil. Trans. , 1802.

1802. Not recorded.

1803. John Pearson.

( On Muscular Motion.' Journal Book, vol. xxxviii, p. 137.

1804. Sir Anthony Carlisle.

' On Muscular Motion.' Phil. Trans., 1805.

1805. Sir Anthony Carlisle.

' On the Arrangement and Mechanical Action of the Muscles of Fishes.'

Phil. Trans., 1806.

1806. John Pearson.

1 Remarks on Muscular Power, and on some of the circumstances by which it
is increased, diminished, or finally abolished.'

Journal Book, vol. xxxix, p. 176.

1807. Sir Anthony Carlisle.

' On the Natural History and Chemical Analysis of the substances which
constitute the Muscles of Animals.' Journal Book, vol. xxxix, p. 451.

1808. Thomas Young.

< On the Functions of the Heart and Arteries.' Phil. Trans., 1809.

1809. William Hyde Wollaston.

< Observations on the Mode of Action of Voluntary Muscles, and on the
causes which derange, and assist, the Action of the Heart and Blood Vessels.'

Phil. Trans., 1810.

1810. Benjamin Collins Brodie.

'Physiological Researches, respecting the Influence of the Brain on the
Action of the Heart, and on the Generation of Animal Heat.'

Phil. Trans., 1811.

1811 and 1812. Not recorded.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

1813. Benjamin Collins Brodie.

'On tlie Influence of the Nervous System on the Action of the Muscles in
nal and of the Heart in particular.' Journal Book, vol. xli, p. 347.

1814 to 1816. Not recorded.

1817. Sir Kvi-rsinl HOUR-, Bart.

' ( )n the Changes the Blood undergoes in the act of Coagulation.'

Phil. Trans., 1818.

1818. Sir Kvt-nml Home, Bart.

• On the ( onversion of Pus into Granulations, or New Flesh.'

Phil. Trans., 1819.

1819. Sir Kverard Home, Bart.

' A further Investigation of the component parts of the Blood.'

Phil. Trans. , 1820.

1820. Sir Kverard Home, Bart.

• Microscopical Observations on the following subjects :— On the Brain and
Nerves ; showing that the Materials of which they are composed exist in the
Blood ; on the Discovery of Valves in the branches of the vus breve, lying
between the villous and muscular coats of the Stomach ; on the Structure of
the Spleen.' Phil. Trans., 1821.

1821. Sir Everard Home, Bart.

1 On the Anatomical Structure of the Eye ; illustrated by Microscopical
Drawings, executed by F. Bauer.' Phil. Trans., 1822.

1822. Francis Bauer.

' Microscopical Observations on the Suspension of the Muscular Motions of
the Vibrio Tritici.' Phil. Trans., 1823.

1823. Sir Kvc-rard Home, Bart.

' On the Internal Structure of the Human Brain, when examined in the
Micro-cope, as compared with that of Fishes, Insects and Worms.'

Phil. Trans., 1824.

1824. Sir Kvc-rard Home, Bart.

' ( )n tin- existence of Nerves in the Placenta.' Phil. Trans., 1825.

1825. Sir Kvo-anl Home, Bart.

t On the Structure of a Muscular Fibre from which are derived its Elongation
an.l Contraction.' Phil. Trans., 1826.

1826. Sir Kvrrard Home, Bart.

' An KiHjuiry into the mode by which the Propagation of the Species i-
carric*! on. in the Common Oyster, and in the large Fresh-water Muscle.'

Phil. Trans., 1827.

1827. Sir Kvrnml Honu% Bart.

' On the Mu-rle- peculiar to Organs of Sense in particular Quadrupeds and
1 ' .Journal Book, vol. xlv, p. 143.

1828. Not appointed,

ntd Home, Bart.
' A Keport ..I. the Peculiarities met with in the Stomach of the Zariffa.'

Journal Book, vol. xlv, p. 580.

THE CROONIAN LECTURE

1830 to 1850. Not appointed.
1851. Richard Owen.

' On the Megatherium.' Proceeding*, rol. 6.

1852 to 1856. Not appointed.

1857. James Paget.

f On the Cause of the Rhythmic Action of the Heart.' Proceeding*, vol. 8.

1858. Thomas Henry Huxley.

' On the Theory of the Vertebrate Skull.1 Proceeding*, vol. 9.

1859. Not appointed.

1860. James Bell Pettigrew.

' On the Arrangement of the Muscular Fibres of the Ventricular Portion of
the Heart of the Mammal.' Proceedings, vol. 10 ; Phil. Trans., 1864.

1861. Charles Edouard Brown- Sequard.

' On the Relations between Muscular Irritability, Cadaveric Rigidity, and
Putrefaction.' Proceedings, vol. 11.

1862. Albert Kolliker.

' On the Termination of Nerves in Muscles, as observed in the Frog : and on
the disposition of the Nerves in the Frog's Heart.' Proceedings, vol. 12.

1863. Joseph Lister.

' On the Coagulation of the Blood.' Proceedings, vol. 1 J.

1864. Hermann Helmholtz.

' On the Normal Motions of the Human Eye in relation to Binocular Vision.'

Proceedings, vol. 13.

1865. Lionel S. Beale.

' On the ultimate Nerve-fibres distributed to Muscle and some other Tissues,
with Observations upon the Structure and probable Mode of Action of a
Nervous Mechanism.' Proceedings, vol. 14.

1866. Not appointed.

1867. J. S. Burdon Sanderson.

1 On the Influence exercised by the Movements of Respiration on the
Circulation of the Blood.' Phil. Trans., vol. 157.

1868. Not appointed.

1869. Not appointed.

1870. Augustus V. Waller.

e On the Results of the Method, introduced by the Author, of investigating
the Nervous System, more especially as applied to the Elucidation of the
Functions of the Pneumogastric and Sympathetic Nerves in Man.'

Proceedings, vol. 18.

1871 and 1872. Not appointed.

1873. Benjamin Ward Richardson.

' On Muscular Irritability after Systemic Death.' Proceedings, vol. 21.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

1874. David 1-VrriiT.

• The Localization of Function in tlie Brain.' Proceedings, vol. 22 (Abstr.).

David 1-Vrrier.

• F \neriiiieiiN on tlie Brain of Monkeys. Second Series.'

Phil. Trans., 1875.

1876. G. J. Romanes.

• Preliminary Observations on the Locomotor System of Medusae.'

Phil. Trans., 1876.

1877. J. S. Bunion Sanderson and F. J. M. Page.

• On tin- Mechanical Effects, and on the Electrical Disturbance, consequent
on Excitation of the Leaf of Dio naea muscipula.' Proceedings, vol. 25.

1878. II. N. Moseley.

' On the Structure of the Stylasteridae : a Family of the Hydroid Stony
Canto.' Phil. Trans., 1878.

1879. W. K. Parker.

< On the Structure and Development of the Skull in the Lacertilia. Part I.
On the Skull of the Common Lizards (Lacerta agilis, L. viridits, and Zootoca

Phil. Trans., 1879.

1880. Rev. S. Haughton.

' On some Elementary Principles in Animal Mechanics, No. IX. The
Relation between the Maximum Work done, the Time of Lifting, and the
Weights lifted by the Arms.' Proceedings, vol. 30.

1881. G. J. Romanes and J. C. Ewart.

* Observations on the Locomotor System of Medusae.' Phil. Trans., 1881.

1882. W. II. Gaskell.

' ( )n the Rhythm of the Heart of the Frog, and on the Nature of the Action
of the Vagus Nerve.' Phil. Trans., 1882.

1883. II. N. Martin.

' On the Direct Influence of (Gradual Variations of Temperature upon tlie
Rate of Heat of the Dog's Heart.' Phil. Trans., 1883.

md 1885. Not appointed.

1886. L. C. AVooldridge.

• Tin- ( '(tabulation of the Blood.' Proceedings, vol. 40.

1887. II. (i. Set-ley.

'On J'nri-iiiMiHi'ux Imnihiflrnx (Owen) and the Significance of its Affinities to
Amphibians Reptiles, and Mammals.' Phil. Trans., B, 1888.

1888. \V. Kuhno.

bet die KnNtelmng <ler vitalcn Bewegung.' Proceedings, vol. 44.

Dr. Roux.

Inoculation- preventive-.' Proceedings, vol. 46.

1WK). II. Marshall Ward.

'The Helation- between ]Io»t ami Parasite in certain Epidemic Diseases of
Pl.i Proceedings, vol. 47.

THE CROONIAN LECTURE

1891. Francis Gotch and Victor Horsley.

'On the Mammalian Nervous System ; its Functions an. 1 tln-ir localisation
determined by an Electrical Method.' Phil. Trans., B, vol. 182.

1892. Angelo Mosso.

' Les Phe'uomenes psychiques et la Temperature du Cerveau.'

Phil. Trail-.. l«. \ol. 183.

1893. Rudolph Virchow.

' The Position of Pathology among Biological Studies.'

Proceedings, vol. 53.

1894. S. Ramon y Cajal.

( La Fine Structure des Centres nerveux.' Proceedings, vol. M.

1895. T. W. Engelmann.

' On the Nature of Muscular Contraction.' Proceedings, vol. 57.

1896. Augustus D. Waller.

' Observations on Isolated Nerve.' Phil. Trans., B, vol. 188.

1897. Charles S. Sherrington.

' The Mammalian Spinal Cord as an Organ of Reflex Action.'

Phil. Trans., B, vol. 190.

1898. Wilhelm Pfeffer.

* The Nature and Significance of Functional Metabolism in the Plant'

Proceedings, vol. 63.

1899. J. S. Burdon Sanderson.

' On the Relation of Motion in Animals and Plants to the Electrical
Phenomena which are associated with it.' Proceedings, voL 65.

1900. Paul Ehrlich.

' On Immunity with Special Reference to Cell Life.' Proceedings, vol. 60.

1901. C. Lloyd Morgan.

' Studies in Visual Sensation.' Proceedings, vol. 68.

1902. Arthur Gamgee.

' On certain Chemical and Physical Properties of Haemoglobin.'

Proceedings, vol. 70.

1903. C. Timiriazeff.

' The Cosmical Function of the Green Plant.' Proceedings, vol. 72.

1904. Ernest Henry Starling and William Maddock Bayliss.

< The Chemical Regulation of the Secretory Process.' Proceedings, vol. 73.

1905. William Bate Hardy.

1 On the Globulins.' Proceedings, B, vol. 70.

1906. John Newport Langley.

' On Nerve Endings and on Special Excitable Substances in Cells.'

Proceedings, B, vol. 78.

1907. John Bretland Farmer.

' Structural Constituents of the Nucleus, and their Relation to the Organi-
zation of the Individual.' Proceedings, B, vol. 79.

•J24 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

1908. Gu>taf Ket/ius.

< The Principle- of the Minute Structure of the Nervous System as revealed
by Kecent Investigations.' Proceedings, B, vol. 80.

1909. Edward Albert Schiifer.

• The Functions of the Pituitary Body.' Proceedings, B, vol. 81.

1910. (n-or-- Kh-bs.

terations in the Development and Forms of Plants as a Result of
Knvironmont.1 Proceedings, B, vol. 82.

1911. Thomas Gregor Brodie.

( A New Conception of the Glomerular Activity.'

1912. Ki-ith Lucas.

• The I'roce-- of Excitation in Nerve and Muscle.'

THE BAKERIAN LECTURE

LECTURERS AND SUBJECTS
IVter Woulfe.

' Experiments made in order to ascertain the nature of some Mineral
Substances, and in particular to see how far the Acids of Sea-Salt and of
Vitriol contribute to Mineralize Metallic and other Substances.' — Part I.

Journal Book, vol. xxix, p. 135.
1776 and 1777. Peter Woulfe.

1778. John Ingen-Housz.

' Electrical Experiments to explain how far the Phenomena of the Elect ro-

phoru- may he accounted for by Dr. Franklin's Theory of Positive and

••ive Electricity.' Phil. Trans., vol. fj».

177!). John Ingen-Housz.

'Improvements in Electricity.' Phil. Trans., vol. W.

>. Tiberius Cavallo.

• Tliermometrical Experiments and Observations.' Phil. Trans., vol. 70.
1781. Tiberius Cavallo.

' An Account of some Thermometrical Experiments.' Phil. Trans., vol. 71.
178~>. Tiberius Cavallo.

• An Account of some Experiments relating to the Property of Common and
Inflammable Airs of pervading the Pores of Paper.'

Journal Book, vol. xxxi, p. 203.

Tiberius Gavallo.

• h.-cription of an improved Air Pump.' Journal Book, vol. xxxi, p. 401.
1784. Tib-rius Cavallo.

• vomit of some Experiments made with the new improved Air Pump.'

Journal Book, vol. xxxi, p. fWl.

Ho.

jK'riment" and Observation Phil. Tran-.. vol. 7<>.

< avallo.

DOlti and ()b<ervati.. Phil. Trans., vol. 77.

\l\

JOHN DALTON
From a portrait by B. 11. Faulkner, in tho possession of tin- Royal Society

THE BAKERIAN LECTURE

1787. Tiberius Cavallo.

« Of the Methods of manifesting the Presence, and ascertaining the Quality,
of small Quantities of Natural or Artificial KU>< tricity.'

Phil. Trans., vol. 78.

1788. Tiberius Cavallo.

k ( )n an Improvement in the Blow Pipe.' Journal Book, vol. xxxiii, p. 257.

1789. Tiberius Cavallo.

' Magnetical Experiments and Observations.'

Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 3.

1790. Tiberius Cavallo,

< A Description of a new Pyrometer.' Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 208.

1791. Tiberius Cavallo.

( On the Method of Measuring Distances by means of Telescopes furnished
with Micrometers.' Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 429.

1792. Tiberius Cavallo.

' An Account of the Discoveries concerning Muscular Motion, which have
been lately made, and are commonly known by the name of Animal
Electricity.' Journal Book, vol. xxxiv, p. 609.

1793. George Fordyce.

'An Account of a New Pendulum.' Phil. Trans., 1794.

1794. Samuel Vince.

' Observations on the Theory of the Motion and Resistance of Fluids ; with
a Description of the Construction of Experiments, in order to obtain some
fundamental Principles.' Phil. Trans., 1795.

1795 and 1796. Samuel Vince. (?)

1797. Samuel Vince.

' Experiments upon the Resistance of Bodies moving in Fluids.'

Phil. Trans., 1798.

1798. Samuel Vince.

* Observations upon an unusual Horizontal Refraction of the Air ; with
Remarks on the Variations to which the lower Parts of the Atmosphere are
sometimes subject/ Phil. Trans., 1799.

1799. Samuel Vince. (?)

1800. Thomas Young.

' On the Mechanism of the Eye.' Phil. Trans., 1801.

1801. Thomas Young.

' On the Theory of Light and Colours.' PhU. Trans., 1802.

1802. William Hyde Wollaston.

( Observations on the Quantity of Horizontal Refraction ; with Method of
measuring the Dip at Sea.' Phil. Trans. , 1803.

1803. Thomas Young.

* Experiments and Calculations relative to Physical Optics.'

Phil. Trans., 1804.

226 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

1804. Samuel Vince.

•Observations on the Hypotheses which have been assumed to account for
the cause of Gravitation from Mechanical Principles.'

Journal Book, vol. xxxviii, p. 334.

.I. William Hyde Wollaston.

' On the Force of Percussion.' Phil. Trans., 1806.

1806. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.

' ( )n some ( 'hemical Agencies of Electricity.' Phil. Trans., 1807.

1807. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.

1 On some new Phenomena of Chemical Changes produced by Electricity,
particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies, and the Exhibition of
the new Substances which constitute their Bases.' Phil. Trans., 1808.

1808. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.

' An Account of some new Analytical Researches on the Nature of certain
Bodies, particularly the Alkalies, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Carbonaceous Matter,
and the Acids hitherto uudecompounded ; with some general Observations
on Chemical Theory.' Phil. Trans., 1809, pp. 39, 450.

1809. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.

' On some new Electro-Chemical Researches, on various objects, particularly
the Metallic Bodies from the Alkalies and Earths ; and on some Combinations
of Hydrogen.' Phil. Trans., 1810.

1810. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.

' On some of the Combinations of Oxymuriatic Gas and Oxygen, and on the
Chemical Relations of these Principles to Inflammable Bodies.'

Phil. Trans., 1811.

1811. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. (?)

1812. William Hyde Wollaston.

' < )n the Elementary Particles of certain Crystals.' Phil. Trans., 1813.

1813. William Thomas Brande.

f On some new Electro-Chemical Phenomena.' Phil. Trans., 1814.

1814 to 1818. No record.

1819. William Thomas Brande.

1 On the Composition and Analysis of the inflammable Gaseous Compounds
resulting from the destructive Distillation of Coal and Oil; with some
lleniarks on their relative heating and illuminating power.'

Phil. Trans., 1820.

1820. Captain Henry Kater.

' On the best kind of Steel, and form, for a Compass Needle.'

Phil. Trans., 1821.

1821. Captain Edward Sabine.

<-<>mit of Kxperiments to determine the Amdunt of the Dip of the
Magnetic Nr.-.ilo jn London, iii August 1821; with Remarks on tin-
niim-nN which are usually employed in such determinations.'

Phil. Trans., 1822.

1822. i\

THE BAKERIAN LECTURl 227

1823. John F. W. Herschel.

' On certain Motions produced in Fluid Conductors when transmitting the
Electric Current.' |M,il. Tnuw., 1824.

1824 to 1825. No record.

1826. Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.

* On the Relations of Electrical and Chemical Changes. ' Phil. Trans., 1826.

1827. George Pearson.

« Researches to discover the Faculties of Pulmonary Absorption with respect
to Charcoal.' Journal Book, vol. xlv, p. 201.

1828. William Hyde Wollaston.

' On a Method of rendering Platina malleable.' Phil. Trans., 1829.

1829. Michael Faraday.

' On the Manufacture of Glass for Optical Purposes.' Phil. Trans., 1830.

1830. No record.

1831. No record.

1832. Michael Faraday.

' Experimental Researches in Electricity ; Second Series.'

Abstracts of Papers, vol. iii, p. 06.

1833. Samuel Hunter Christie.

' Experimental Determination of the Laws of Magneto-Electric Induction
in different masses of the same metal, and of its intensity in different metals.'

Abstracts of Papers, vol. iii, p. 177.

1834. Not appointed.

1835. Charles Lyell.

' On the Proofs of a gradual Rising of the Land in certain parts of Sweden.'

Phil. Trans., 1835.

1836. John William Lubbock.

< On the Tides of the Port of London.' Phil. Trans. , 1836.

1837. William Henry Fox Talbot.

' Further Observations on the Optical Phenomena of Crystals.'

Phil. Trans. ,1837.

1838. James Ivory.

' On the Theory of the Astronomical Refractions.' Phil. Trans., 1838.

1839. William Snow Harris.

' Inquiries concerning the Elementary Laws of Electricity.'

Phil. Trans., 1839.

1840. George Biddell Airy.

* On the Theoretical Explanation of an apparent new Polarity of Light'

Phil. Trans., 1840.

1841. George Newport.

' On the Organs of Reproduction and the Development of the Myriapoda.'

Phil. Trans., 1841.

1842. James David Forbes.

' On the Transparency of the Atmosphere and the Law of Extinction of the
Solar Rays in passing through it.' Phil. Trans., 1842.

228 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

1843. Charles \Ylu-atstone.

• An Account of several new Instruments and Processes for determining the

•ants of a Voltaic Circuit.' Phil. Trans., 1843.

1844. Richard Owen.

' A Description of certain Belemnites, preserved, with a great proportion of
their -oft parts, in the Oxford Clay, at Christian-Malford, Wilts.'

Phil. Trans., 1844.

1845. Charles Giles Bridle Daubeny.

• Memoir on the Rotation of Crops, and on the Quantity of Inorganic Matters
abstracted from the Soil by various Plants under different circumstances.'

Phil. Trans., 1845.

1846. .Inme> David Forbes.

' Illustrations of the Viscous Theory of Glacier Motion.' Phil. Trans., 1846.

1847. William Robert Grove.

' On certain Phenomena of Voltaic Ignition and the Decomposition of Water
into its constituent Gases by Heat.' Phil. Trans., 1847.

1848. Rev. William Whewell.

' Researches on the Tides.' Thirteenth Series. On the Tides of the Pacific,
and on the Diurnal Inequality. Phil. Trans., 1848.

1849. Michael Faraday.

1 Experimental Researches in Electricity.' Twenty-Second Series.

Phil. Trans., 1849.

1850. Thomas Graham.

' On the Diffusion of Liquids.' Phil. Trans., 1850.

1851. Michael Faraday.

' Experimental Researches in Electricity.' Twenty-Fourth Series.

Phil. Trans., 1851.

1852. Charles Wheatstone.

' ( (intributions to the Physiology of Vision. Part. II. On some remarkable
and hitherto unobserved Phenomena of Binocular Vision (continued).'

Phil. Trans., 1852.

1853. Col. Edward Sabine.

' On the Influence of the Moon on the Magnetic Declination at Toronto,
St. Helena, and Hobarton.' Phil. Trans., 1853.

1854. Thomas Graham.

< On Osmotic Force.' Phil. Trans., 1854.

John Tyndail.

' ( Mi the Nature of the Force by which Bodies are repelled from the Poles of
.1 M.i<rm-t : to which i- prefixed an account of some experiments on Molecular
Iiiflwri. •'•-.' Phil. Trans., 1855.

1856. William Thomson.

the Klectnwlynamir Qualities of Metals.' Phil. Trans., 1856.

1857. Mirharl I'aradav.

••'Hmeiital Relations of Gold (and other metals) to Light.'

Phil. Trans., 1857.

THE BAKERIAN LECTUKI

1858. John Peter Gassiot.

4 On the Stratifications and Dark Band in Electrical Discharge* a* observed
in Torricellian Vacua.' IM.il. I rana., 1868.

1859. Edward Frankland.

' Researches on Organo-metallic Bodies.' Fourth Memoir.

IM.il. Tram., 1809.

1860. William Fairbairn.

' Experimental Researches to determine the Density of Steam at different
Temperatures, and to determine the Law of Superheated Steam.'

IM.il. Trans., 1800.

1861. John Tyndall.

' On the Absorption and Radiation of Heat by Gases and Vapours, and on the
Physical Connection of Radiation, Absorption and Conduction.'

IM.il. Trans., 1861.

1862. Warren De la Rue.

( On the Total Solar Eclipse of July 18, 1860, observed at Rivabellosa, near
Miranda de Ebro, in Spain.' Phil. Trans., 1862.

1863. Henry Clifton Sorby.

' On the Direct Correlation of Mechanical and Chemical Forces.'

Proceedings, vol. 12, 1863.

1864. John Tyndall.

' Contributions to Molecular Physics : being the Fifth Memoir of Researches
on Radiant Heat.' Phil. Trans., 1864.

1865. Henry Enfield Roscoe.

' On a Method of Meteorological Registration of the Chemical Action of
Total Daylight.' Phil. Trans., 1865.

1866. James Clerk Maxwell.

' On the Viscosity or Internal Friction of Air and other Gases.'

Phil. Trans., 1866.

1867. Frederick Augustus Abel.

' Researches on Gun-Cotton. (Second Memoir.) On the Stability of Gun-
Cotton.' Phil. Trans., 1867.

1868. Henry Enfield Roscoe.

' Researches on Vanadium.' Phil. Trans. , 1868.

1869. Thomas Andrews.

< The Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States of Matter.'

Phil. Trans., 1869.

1870. John William Dawson.

'On the Pre-Carboniferous Flora of North Eastern America, and more
especially on that of the Brian (Devonian) Period.' Proceedings, vol. 18.

1871. Charles William Siemens.

'On the Increase of Electrical Resistance in Conductors with Rise of
Temperature, and its Application to the Measure of Ordinary and Furnace
Temperatures : also on a simple Method of measuring Electrical Resistances.'

Proceedings, vol. 19.

230 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

William Kitchen Parker.

' On the Structure and Development of the Skull of the Salmon (Salmo

Proceedings, vol. 20.

1873. Earl ot'Ro-

• ( hi the Radiation of Heat from the Moon, the Law of its Absorption by our
Atmosphere, and its variation in Amount with her Phases.'

Proceedings, vol. 21.

1874. J. Norman Lockyer.

'Researches in Spectrum Analysis in connection with the Spectrum of the
Sun.' Part III. Phil. Trans., 1874.

1875. William (irvlls Adams.

• On the Forms of Kquipotential Curves and Surfaces and on Lines of Flow.'

Proceedings, vol. 24.

1876. Thomas Andrews.

' On the Gaseous State of Matter.' Proceedings, vol. 24.

1877. William Crawford Williamson.

' On the Organization of the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures.' Part IX.

Phil. Trans., 1878.

1878. William Crookes.

' ( >n Repulsion resulting from Radiation. Part V.' Phil. Trans., 1878.

1879. William Crookes.

' On the Illumination of Lines of Molecular Pressure and the Trajectory of
Molecules.' Phil. Trans., 1879.

1880. Captain William de W. Abney.

' On the Photographic Method of Mapping the least refrangible end of the
Solar Spectrum.' Phil. Trans., 1880.

1881. John Tyndall.

' Action of free Molecules on Radiant Heat, and its conversion thereby into
sound.' . Phil. Trans., 1882.

Ileinric-hDebus.

' ( >n the Chemical Theory of Gunpowder.' Phil. Trans., 1882.

1883. William Crookes.

'On Radiant Matter Spectroscopy : the Detection and wide Distribution of
Yttrium.' Phil. Trans., 1883.

1884. Arthur Schuster.

1 Experiments on the Discharge of Electricity through Gases. Sketch of a
Theory.' Proceedings, vol. 37.

1885. William Unpins.

• On the Corona of the Sun.' Proceedings, vol. 39.

1886. Captain William de W. Abney and Major-General Edward Robert

ting.

< "lour Photometry.' Phil. Trans., 1886.

1887. Joseph John Thomson.

' On tli<> Di^.M iation of «>me Gases by the Electric Discharge.'

Proceedings, vol. 42 (Abstract).

THE BAKERIAN LECTUR1 281

1888. J. Norman Lockyer.

< Suggestions on the Classification of the various Specie* of Heavenly Bodien.
A Report to the Solar Physics Committee.' Proceeding!, vol. 44.

1889. Arthur William Riicker and Thomas Edward Thorpe.

' A Magnetic Survey of the British Isles for the Epoch January 1, 1883.'

IM.il. Traiw., A, vol. 181.

1890. Arthur Schuster.

' The Discharge of Electricity through Gams. Preliminary ( .mimunira-

Proceeding*, vol 17.

1891. George Howard Darwin.

' On Tidal Prediction/ Phil. Tranii., A, voL 182.

1892. James Thomson.

' On the Grand Currents of Atmospheric Circulation.'

Phil. Trans., A, vol. 183.

1893. Harold B. Dixon.

' The Rate of Explosion in Gases.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 184.

1894. Thomas Edward Thorpe and J. W. Rodger.

t On the Relations between the Viscosity (internal friction) of Liquids and
their Chemical Nature.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 186.

1895. A. G. Vernon Harcourt and William Esson.

f On the Laws of Connexion between the Conditions of a Chemical Change
and its Amount. III. Further Researches on the Reaction of Hydrogen
Dioxide and Hydrogen Iodide.' Phil. Trans., A, 1895.

1896. William Chandler Roberts- Austen.

' On the Diffusion of Metals.' Phil. Trans., A, 1896.

1897. Osborne Reynolds and W. H. Moorby.

' On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 190.

1898. William James Russell.

' Further Experiments on the Action exerted by certain Metals and other
Bodies on a Photographic Plate.' Proceedings, rol. 63.

1899. James Alfred Ewing and W. Rosenhain.

1 The Crystalline Structure of Metals.' Phil. Trans., A, voL 193.

1900. William Augustus Tilden.

' On the Specific Heat of Metals and the Relation of Specific Heat to Atomic
Weight.' Phil- Trans., A, vol. 194.

1901. James Dewar.

'The Nadir of Temperature and Allied Problems.'

Proceedings, vol. 68 (Abstract).

1902. Lord Rayleigh.

< On the Law of the Pressure of Gases between 75 and 150 Millimetres of
Mercury.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 198.

1903. C. T. Heycock and F. H. Neville.

' On the Constitution of the Copper-tin Series of Alloys/

Phil. Trans., A, vol. 202.

•J3-2 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Rutherford.

i of Changes in Radio-active Bodies.'

Phil. Trans., A, vol. 204.
e T. Brown.
' The Reception and Ttilisation of Energy by the Green Leaf.'

Proceedings, B, vol. 76.

1906. John Milne.

• Recent Advance^ in Seismology.' Proceedings, A, vol. 77.

1907. Thoma> Kdward Thorpe.

• The Atomic Weight of Radium.' Proceedings, A, vol. 80.

1908. Charles H. Lees.

'The Ktf'ects of Temperature and Pressure on the Thermal Conductivities
-lids.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 208.

Sir Joseph Larmor.

•On the statistical and Thermodynamical Relations of Radiant Energy.'

Proceedings, A, vol. 83.

1910. John Henry Poynting and Guy Barlow.

' The Pressure of Light against the Source : the Recoil from Light.'

Proceedings, A, vol. 83.

1911. Robert John Strutt.

'A Chemically-Active Modification of Nitrogen Produced by the Electric
Discharge.' Proceedings, A, vol. 85.

191 2. Hugh Longbourne Callendar.

' On the Variation of the Specific Heat of Water, with Experiments by a new
Method.' Phil. Trans., A, vol. 212.

CHAPTER VIII

THE LIBRARY, RELICS, PORTRAITS, BUSTS, AM) MKDALS

THE LIBRARY

AT the beginning of its existence the Royal Society proceeded to form
a library.1 In 1667, at the instance of John Evelyn, Mr. Henry H<>
(afterwards sixth Duke of Norfolk) presented the Society with * The Library
of Arundel House, to dispose thereof as their propriety, desiring only that in
case the Society should come to faile, it might return to Arundel House ; and
that this inscription Ex dono Henrici Howard Norfokiemls might be put
upon every book given them'. «The Society received this noble donation
with all thankfulnesse, and ordered that Mr. Howard should be registered as
a benefactor.'' 2

This Library was not removed from Arundel House until the winter of
1678-9, shortly before the demolition of that building. It was then
transferred to Gresham College, which, as stated in Chapter I, was the home
of the Society down to 1710. A catalogue was drawn up by William Perry,
a Fellow of the Society, and ordered to be printed. This catalogue, which
was published in 1681, was made to comprise, in separate lists, the other
books in the possession of the Society, which included those bequeathed by
Mr. George Ent,3 and those presented by their authors and others.

The Arundel House Library was a valuable collection of both printed books
and manuscripts. Some of the MSS. were reputed to have come originally
from the famous library which King Mathias Corvinus had formed at Buda-
Pest, passing thence in later years into the possession of Bilibald Pirckheinu-r
of Nuremberg. Pirckheimer died in 1530, leaving a large library. A century
later this library came into the possession of Thomas, Earl of Arundel, the
famous collector, who purchased it during, his embassy to Vienna in 1636.
Many of the books still in the Society's possession contain Pirckheimer's
bookplate designed by Albert Dlirer. The Arundel House Library is

1 De Sorbiere, who visited the Society at Gresham College in 1663, refers to the beginning
of a library (' Voyage en Angleterre' (1664), p. 87). He was one of the two foreigners
elected as original Fellows of the Royal Society (see p. 45 note and Chronological List
of Fellows).

1 Journal Book, January 2, 1666-7.

8 Not to be mistaken for Sir George Ent, M.D., one of the original Fellows of tin*
Society.

_>:u RECOKD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

succinctly described l)v Kvelyn in his « Diary ' under date August 29, 1678, and
letter to Sannu-l Pepys dated August 12, 1689. As presented to the
Kovul Socii-tv it consisted of about 2,500 printed books and 570 MSS.

The Society's records show that the Arundel collection, or Norfolk Library
as it was commonly called, was long kept separate from the other books. In
the course of the next two centuries, however, during which the Society had to
make tour removals, and would seem always to have suffered from deficient
library accommodation, the Norfolk books became ultimately more or less
merged in the Society's general library, thus escaping special supervision ;
and they were never again brought together as a complete collection. The
second library catalogue printed by the Society (1825) made no distinction
• •I'n the books of the Norfolk Library and those of the Society's general
library, nor was any distinction made in the classified catalogues printed
in 1839-41.

\Vhen making arrangements for the last removal, from the rooms in old
Burlington House to the Society's present quarters, the Council, on the
recommendation of the Library Committee, resolved (June 20, 1872) 'to
dispose of superfluous books from the collection of works in miscellaneous
literature \ A large number of such books, including many of the Norfolk
books, were accordingly disposed of. The most valuable of the books of
purely literary interest retained by the Society were collected together in 1883,
under the superintendence of the Treasurer (Sir John Evans), and these, after
bring in large part appropriately re-bound, are now kept under lock and key
in a dust-proof case. Among many valuable and interesting items which they
include are a Caxton Chaucer (1484 ?), a Second Folio Shakespeare, two
volumes from the pi-ess of Fust and Schoeffer printed on vellum and finely illu-
minaf ed (' Liber Sextus Decretalium', 1465, and Cicero <De OffichV 1466), a fine
copy of Kuclid (Edith Princeps, 1482), a copy of the 'Nuremberg Chronicle'
( 1 11)3), Hartholomaeus de Proprietatibus (1495 ?), a fine example of Diirer's
• Historia Mariae', &c., a number of Editiones Principes of the Latin classics.
many Aldines, a large collection of Luther's and other scarce Reformation
Tracts, and many other works of literary or typographical interest. In view
of its great value, an exact bibliographical catalogue of this collection, as
now existing, has recently been prepared and printed.1 The Manuscripts in
the Norfolk Library were sold to the British Museum in 1830 and 1835,
»h« proceeds (about ,£3,720) being devoted to the purchase of scientific

The Soci«-ty"> Library has been enriched from time to time by gifts and

'Catalogue of :i Collertion of Karly Printed Hooks in the Library of the Royal

.' I'.HO. Thiv Catalogue \V;i< prepared by two members of the library staff of the

British Muslim Mr. Henry M. Mayliew, who died after completing about a third of his

md .Mr. H. l-'an|iihar<on Sharp, who finished the work and passed it through the

THE LIBRARY

bequests, among which may be mentioned, beside* the books bequeathed by
George Ent already referred to, a bequest of books by Francis Aston, taJt&,
in 1715, a valuable collection of books and tracts bearing on the history of
science presented by Henry Dircks, C.E., in 1865, and a bequ.M. by the late
Mr. H. B. Brady, F.R.S., of his library of lxx>ks on the Protozoa, accompanied
by a continuation fund. The scientific books in the Library now number
nearly 100,000 volumes. In making additions especial attention has for many
years past been paid to scientific serials, and the collection of Journals and of
the Transactions of Academies and Societies is now a very large one. A
Catalogue of the Scientific Books, in two parts, was issued in 1881-3, Part I
containing the Serial Literature and Part II being the general Catalogue of
separate works, exclusive of Serials. A new Catalogue of the Serials is now
passing through the press.

Regulations for the use of the Library are laid down by Standing Orders of
Council, and are printed in the Year Book. Under these regulations, books
out on loan are called in by order of Council once a year, at the beginning
of the long Vacation ; and during the month of August no book is allowed to
leave the house.

Besides the Library of printed books the Society possesses a rich collection
of early scientific correspondence, official records, and other manuscripts.
These include the original MS., with Newton's corrections, from which the
first edition of the * Principia ' was printed, the MS. volume of the ' Commercium
Epistolicum ' relating to the Leibnitz- Newton controversy on the invention of
the method of fluxions ; the MS. of John Aubrey's ' Memoires of Naturall
Remarques in the County of Wilts', written in 1685 ; a collection of over 300
Dutch letters by Leeuwenhoek ; a collection of letters and the MSS. of four
works by Malpighi, with original drawings ; a collection of letters by Henry
Oldenburg, the first Secretary, and Dr. J. Beale written to Robert Boyle,
Oldenburg's commonplace book containing drafts of his letters to Milton and
to Boyle, the autograph MS. of Wallis's 'Treatise on Logic', published in
the folio edition of his works, a large collection of Newtoniana in six great
volumes presented by the Rev. Chas. Turnor, an album of letters of
Priestley with portraits and other memorials collected by James Yates, F.R.S.,
and another in two volumes relating to John Canton, F.R.S., and his corre-
spondents.

The manuscripts and the MS. letters are catalogued in the ' Catalogues of
Miscellaneous Manuscripts ', compiled by J. O. Halliwell-Phillipps, F.R.S., in
1839, and W. E. Shuckard in 1840, respectively. Among series not there
catalogued are the ' Letter-Books ', containing copies of the early scientific
correspondence from the beginning of the Society to the end of the seventeenth
century ; the ' Register Book ' containing copies of scientific memoirs commu-
nicated to the Society; and a series of nineteen volumes containing the
Certificates of Candidature in which the qualifications of candidates are stated,

KKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

with tin sjo-Matuivs or names of proposers and supporters appended; these
began with tin- year 1731.

In addition to the volumes above enumerated there are four long sets of

i-!>ooks. of which OIK- consists of thirty-nine volumes and includes the MSS.

Iv memoirs communicated to the Society, grouped for the most part under

subjects. This scries contains documents dating from before the grant of the

tec to the year 1741. It consists of about 2,500 items, which have

ilv been completely catalogued by Sir Arthur Church, F.R.S., under the

title- of 'Classified Papers1, and an alphabetical list of the authors with

DOtt lia> been printed by him.1 The second series of guard-books is

arranged chronologically, and comprises both memoirs and letters to the

number of .'5,G.")0. It consists of 127 Volumes and covers the period 1741 to

I son. This series has also been catalogued by Sir Arthur Church.2 The

third and fourth Aeries consist of the original MSS. of (i) papers which have

published in the 'Philosophical Transactions ' and the ' Proceedings ', and

(ii) the papers read before the Society but 'archived', without being published.

These are hound in separate sets, and are preserved in the lower part of the

Society's building.

Other MSS. connected with individual Fellows are — the great collection of
Boyle papers, bound in fifty-three volumes; five volumes of Dr. Sherard's
correspondence, being letters addressed to William Sherard, F.R.S., many years
British Consul at Smyrna and founder of the Sherardian Professorship of
Botany at Oxford; and the Boole MSS., being six cases of papers by
Prof. George Boole. F.R.S., relating to mathematics and logic. These
collections are classified and arranged. The Sherard letters have been
numbered and catalogued and an Index Nominum to them has been printed by
Sir Arthur Church.

All the manuscripts in the Archives are available for consultation by
I-Vllows of the Society and persons duly introduced, under conditions pre-
by Statute (Chap. XVI).

Some Account of the "Classified Papers" in the Archives [of the Royal Society]
\\ith an Index of Authors, compiled by A. H. Church, D.Sc., F.R.S., Oxford, Printed for

tin- Author, I'.X)?.' In addition to what is contained in tins pamphlet Sir Arthur Church
• •pareil a complete manuscript catalogue of the titles of the Papers in this series,
forminir a larire folio volume. By this great labour he has provided the Society with
tl of readily finding any paper belonging1 to the period named.

••.nit of the li Letters and Papers" of the Period 1741-1806 in the Archives

|of the Koyal Society] with an Index of Authors, compiled by A. H. Church, D.Sc., F.R.S.,

•!. I'nnte.l for the Author, 11HM.' In this case also Sir Arthur Church has compiled

a voliiminoii- manuscript Calendar of the subjects of the letters and papers, thereby greatly

itiiiir ret'erenre to them. These manuscript volumes are deposited in the Library

nf (he ! ety.

237

INSTRUMENTS AND HISTORICAL RELICS

i. HKLICS OF SIR Is.\.\< NEWTON

1. Solar Dial cut in stone, made by the hand of Sir I>aa< Vuton \\hrii

a boy, taken out in 1844 from the uall «,f »!..• :
Woolsthorpe, in which he was born, and presented tin- MUM
to the Royal Society by the Rev. Chas. Turnor, F.K.S., to u
family the house belonged.

2. Two rules made of the wood of Sir Isaac Newton \ apple-tree at Woola-

thorpe. Presented by Rev. Chas. Tumor, F.K.S.

3. Original Reflecting Telescope of Sir Isaac Newton, made with his own

hands, in 1671. (*Phil. Trans.,1 vol. 7, p. 4004.) Presented to the
• Royal Society by Messrs. Heath and Wing, Math. Imt. Makers, Strand,
London ; Feb. 6, 1766. 4 parts.

4. The MS. of the 'Principia', from which the First Edition was printed,

with autograph corrections by Sir Isaac Newton.

5. An autograph order, dated July 27, 1720, addressed by Sir Isaac Newton

to Dr. John Francis Ffouquier, directing him to apply certain MIHI^
belonging to Newton in purchasing, on Newton's account, South Sea
Stock. Presented by Dr. Wollaston, P.R.S.

6. The original mask of Newton's face, which belonged to Roubiliac, from the

cast taken after death. Presented in 1839 by Prof. Hunter Christie.
Sec.R.S.

7. Sir Isaac Newton's Watch.

8. A lock of Sir I. Newton's Hair. Presented by Henry Garling, Oct. 25, 1847.

9. Armchair, formerly belonging to Sir Isaac Newton. Bequeathed in 1812

to Richard Saumarez. Bequeathed to the Royal Society in 1891 by the
late Mr. Thomas Kerslake, of Clevedon.

ii. OTHER RELICS AND INSTRUMENTS

1. Air-pump, with double barrel. Presented to the Royal Society by the

Hon. Robert Boyle, in 1662.

2. Sir William Petty "s Double-bottomed boat.

' Upon the reading of a letter, sent out of Ireland to the Secretary, concerning the
expectation, which the Committee, that heretofore had given the Society an
Account of Sr William Petty's new ship, did entertain for hearing the sense of the
Society thereupon, it was

'Ordered, That the Committee should be put in minde by the Secretary that
the Matter of Navigation, being a State-concerne, was not proper to be managed by
the Society ; And that Sr William Petty, for his private satisfaction, may, when
he pleases, have the sense (if he hath it not already) of particular Members of the
Society, concerning his new Invention.' — Council Minutes, May 27, 1063.

' The Papers of the next Philosophical Transactions, having been considered of,
and the account therein given concerning the Structure and Advantages of Sr William
Petty's Double-bottom'd ship ; it was resolved, that the publication of them should
be differed, till his Ma*y had been made acquainted with the particulars therein,
relating to the said ship.' — Council Minutes, April 26, 1665.

238 KKCOKI) OK THE ROYAL SOCIETY

;; H;,, _ il Tele-rope.

(1) An Object-glass of 1:2.2 feet focal length, with an eye-
l ,',f (> inches, and original apparatus for adjust-
ment, made by Huygens, and presented by him to the
Royal Society in 1691.

i The apparatus for using Huygens's object-glass, con- 12 parts.
strueted by Ilooke.

(3) Additional apparatus, by Dr. Pound. Presented by Dr.

Bradley.

(4) Ditto, by Mr. Cavendish.

4. An Object-^lass by Huyuens, of 170 feet focal length. Presented to the

Royal Socict// by Sir Isaac Newton, P.R.S.

5. An Objirt-glass by Huygens, with two eye-glasses by Scarlet, for a

Telescope of 210 feet. Presented by the Rev. Gilbert Burned M.A.,
F.H.S., in 1724.

6. An Object-glass (Venetian), of 90 feet focal length : which belonged to

Flamsteed. Presented to the Royal Society by James Hodgson, F.R.S.,
in 1737.

7. Chronometer, by Arnold.

8. Chronometer, by Arnold.

Both these Chronometers accompanied Captain Cook on his second and third
Voyages,

9. Armed Loadstone.

<;rr\v's ' Catalogue of Rarities' (p. 364) mentions an Orbicular Loadstone or Ter-
\r]r//<i, Driven hy Sir Christopher Wren, the size of which, so far as the stone is
rum-erned, agrees with the above ; it is conjectured that it may he the same.

10. A Galvanic Battery, made by Dr. Wollaston, in a tailor's thimble.

Presented to the Royal Society by Sir A. W. Franks, June 28, 1879.
In a letter to the late William Spottiswoode, P.R.S., which accompanied this
pn-nit. Sir (then Mr.) Augustus Wollaston Franks says that this little battery
was given hy his godfather. Dr. Wollaston, to his mother, then Miss Sebright.
iUo an anecdote about this battery in Weld's ' History of the Royal Society',
vol. -2, p. :'.<><).

11. Dr. Priestley's Electrical Machine.

1'.'. The original Model for Davy's Safety Lamp.

\'\. The Mountain Barometer used by the late Mr. Charles Darwin, F.R.S.,
during his voyage round the world in H.M.S. 'Beagle'. Presented by
///.v c.n'cutorx in December, 1899.

M i radiometers and otheoscopes used by Sir William Crookes to

illustrate his papers read before the Society between 1875 and 187H in
connexion with his researches on 'Repulsion Resulting from Radiation'.

•titcd by Mr William Crookes, For.Sec.R.S., October, 1911.
The remainder of the instruments lately in the possession of the Society
deposited in the Science Museum, South Kensington.

LIST OF PORTRAITS IN OIL

IN THE POSSESSION OF THE ROYAL SOCIKH

Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel (1586-1646). Sir Isaac Newton

Connoisseur and Art Collector : formed at Aruudel House the first considerable
art collection in England. Filled high State offices previous to the civil wan.
The Arundel Library, purchased by him in Germany, and containing the greater
part of the collection of Bilibald I'irckheimer, was presented to the Royal So*
by his grandson in 1667.

By T. Murray, after Van Dyck.

Francis Aston, F.R.S. (died 1715).

Sec.R.S. 1681-5, and a benefactor of the Society ; member of the Committee
appointed by the Society to report upon the controversy between the friends of
Newton and Leibnitz as to the invention of the Differential Calculus.

By F. Kerseboom.

Francis Bacon (1561-1626). Martin Folkes, P.R.S., 1754

Appointed Attorney-General 1613, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 1617, and
Lord Chancellor, with the title of Baron Verulam, in 1618. Subsequently deprived
of his high offices, he devoted himself to philosophical pursuits, and is famous as
the originator of the modern school of experimental philosophy.

Painted in the Studio of Paul Van Somer.

Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., Pres.R.S.)

(1743-1820). Don Jose deMendoza

Elected F.R.S. 1766 ; President 1778-1820. (See also p. 203.)
By Thomas Phillips, R.A.

Civil Servant, Traveller, and Author. Secretary to the Admiralty for forty
years, and there, assisted by the Royal Society, he originated and organized many
Arctic voyages of discovery. Active in establishing the Royal Geographical
Society. Created a Baronet in 1835. Elected F.R.S. in 1805 and served
frequently on the Council.

By Stephen Pearce after a portrait by J. Jackson, R.A.
Charles Theodore, Elector Palatine of > The ^^ rf

Bavaria.

Succeeded to the sovereignty of Bavaria in 1777. Benjamin Thompson, F. R.S. ,
afterwards founder of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, was in his service
1784-95, and was by him created Count Rumford.

Painter unknown.

Thomas Birch, D.D., F.R.S. (1705-66).

Theologian and Author. Elected F.R.S. 1735 ; Secretary 1752-65. Published
a ' History' of the Royal Society containing a detailed record of its early
activities.
By J. Wells.

Jio RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

The Honourable Robert Boyle, F.R.S. (1627-91). His Executors, 1692

Tin- HUM eminent man of science of his day ; took a leading part in establish-
ing the Ivoyal Society : was one of its first Council ; chosen President in 1680,
Init declined the office; contributed fifty-right papers to the l Philosophical
Transaction- '.

Hv .1. K( rx boom (attributed also to John Riley).

The Honourable Robert Boyle, F.R.S. Sir C. Wheatstone, F.R.S., 1876

Painting afh-r Kerscboom.

James Bradley, D.D., F.R.S. (1693-1762). The Rev. Mr. Peach, 1790

Savilian Professor of Astronomy 1721 ; Astronomer-Royal 1742-62. Celebrated
for the accuracy of his observations which are fundamental in positional astronomy ;
discovered aberration and nutation. Elected F.R.S. 1718.

By J. Hit-h.-inlson.

Tycho Brahe (1546-1601).

Tlio great Danish Astronomer on whose work Kepler built.
Painter unknown.
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, Bart., Pres.R.S.)

(1783-1862). Sir B.C. Brodie, 1873

Surgeon and Physiologist. Elected F.R.S. 1810; President 1858-61. (See
p. 204.)

By A. Thompson, after G. R Watts, R.A.

Viscount Brouncker, Pres.R.S. (1620-84). Viscount Brouncker

Eminent .Mathematician. One of the most active promoters of the Royal
Society and its first President. (See p. 200.)

Studio copy after Sir Peter Lely.

George Buchanan (reputed) (1506-82). Thomas Povey, Esq.

Scottish Historian, Scholar, and Theologian. Regent of University of Coimbra,
Portugal, 1.047: -uh-cMjuently Principal of St. Ceonards College, St. Andrews,
and Lord Privy Seal (Scotland).

Attributed to Pourbus (? Adriaen Keij).

Paul Buissiere, F.R.S. Peter Buissiere, Esq.

I r.-n. h Surgeon and Physiologist established at Copenhagen. Elected F.R.S.
' : contributed papers to ' Philosophical Transactions': letters preserved in

Archive--. U.S.

Painter unknown.

Sir James Burrow, Pres.R.S. (1701-82). Sir James Burrow, 1777

Elected l.K.s. 17:57; President for short periods in 1708 and 1772. (See

p. a

Hv .Ir.-in H;i|)tlsfr \ailloO.

MirHAKI. F \i( VIMV

• , in tlu> possession of 1 1.-

•

Sir B. C. Bro
sident 1858-61.

unit Broi
of the I\

Thou

Pete

AI KHAKI, FAHADAY
From a portrait by A. Blaikley, in the possession of the Royal Society

LIST OF FORTH A ITS IN OIL

•JH

Executors of John

Samuel Chandler, D.D., F.R.S. (1693-1766). Chandler, E*]., IK-.. 1781

An eminent Dissenting Theologian. Elected I. K.s 1754.
By M. Chamberlain.

Sir John Chardin, F.R.S. (1643-1713). < ;. I landlord, Esq., 1887

Traveller. Published notes of his travels as a jewel merchant in Persia and
India. Protestant refugee to England 1681. Knighted 1081. K,,v,,y t., Holland
1684. Elected F.R.S. 1682.

By Michael Dahl (doubtful).

King Charles II, Founder of the R.S. (1630-85). King Charles II (<)

Founded also the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and the Royal Mathematical
School of Christ's Hospital. (See Chapter I.)

Painted in the School of Lely.

John George Children, F.R.S. (1777-1852). Dr. J. E. Gray, F.K.>., 1878

Electrician and Chemist. Elected F.R.S. 1807 ; Secretary 18:M.
By S. Pearce (doubtful).

Daniel Colwall, F.R.S. (died 1690). D. Col wall, Esq.

Elected F.R.S. 1663; Treasurer 1665-79; inaugurated the Society's < K.
tory' 1666.

A copy after an unknown artist.

William Clift, F.R.S. (1775-1849). Mrs. Owen, 1858

Naturalist and Osteologist. Conservator of the Hunterian Museum 1709-1844.
Elected F.R.S. 1823, and served on the Council. Contributed papers to the
' Philosophical Transactions '.

By Henry Schmidt.

Taylor Combe, F.R.S. (1774-1826). Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., 1873

Numismatist. Keeper of Coins (1803) and Antiquities (1807-26) in British
Museum. Elected F.R.S. 1806.

Painter unknown.

Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543). Dr. Wolf, 1776

Founder of Astronomy. Professor of Mathematics at Rome. His treatise
' De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium ' which discloses the ' Copernican System '
was published in 1543.

Copy after an older portrait.

Sir William Crookes, O.M., F.R.S. Subscribers, 1911

Chemist and Physicist. Discoverer of Thallium, and of mechanical and
electrical phenomena of rarefied gases. Copley, Royal, and Davy Medallist, and
three times Bakerian Lecturer. Elected F.R.S. 1863 ; For. Sec. R.S. 1908-

By E. A. Walton.

B

242 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Presented by
John Dalton, D.C.L., F.R.S. (1766-1844). A Memorial Committee, 1841

f Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in New College, Manchester,
I7S»:; 9, Founder of the atomic theory in Chemistry. Elected F.R.S. 1822 ;
awarded the rtr>t Royal medal in 182C>.
By B. K. Faulkner.

Sir Humphry Davy, Bart., Pres.R.S. (1778-1829). Lady Davy, 1829

Chemist and Physicist: discoverer of the alkali metals. Elected F.R.S. 1803;

Btary l»(»7-12: President 1820-7. (See also p. 203.)
By Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A.

William Derham, D.D., F.R.S. (1657-1735). George Scott, Esq.

Kminent Divine, Natural and Experimental Philosopher. Published many of
John Ray's MSS. Elected F.R.S. 1702, and contributed forty-five papers to the
' Philosophical Transactions'.
By G. White.

Rene Descartes (1596-1650). Dr. Maty, 1776

(u-eat Mathematician and Philosopher.
A copy after Franz Hals.

John Dollond, F.R.S. (1706-61). George Dollond, Esq., F.R.S., 1842

Practical Optician. Copley Medallist 1758. Inventor of the achromatic
telex-ope and the modern heliometer. Elected F.R.S. 1761.

By W. F. Witherington, R.A., from the original by Wilson in the
Greenwich Observatory.

Sir John Evans, K.C.B., F.R.S. (1823-1908). Subscribers, 1900

Archaeologist, (Jeolo^ist, Numismatist, and Antiquary. Author of volumes on
stone and hron/e implements, and on ancient coins. Elected F.R.S. 1864;

TreaMirer 187H-U8

By A. S. Cope, A.R.A.

John Evelyn, F.R.S. (1620-1706). Mrs. Evelyn, 1707

Kminent Virtuoso and Diarist. Commissioner for Privy Seal 1685-7. Active
promoter and original Fellow of the R.S., and Secretary from 1673 to 1675.
By Sir Godfrey Kneller.

Sir William Fairbairn, F.R.S. (1789-1874). Sir W. Fairbairn, 1874

Kiitriiu-rr. 1'n-. Brit. As>oc. 1861 ; Pres. Just. Mech. Eng. 1854. Elected
F.R.S. 1H.V).

IK B. H. Faulkner.

Michael Faraday, F.R.S. (1791-1867). J. P. Gassiot, F.R.S., 1873

Cliniii-t and Natural Philosopher. Spent .his , life at the Royal Institution,
uit to Sir H. Davy. After early discoveries in chemistry,
itrcl the modern -cience of electricity and magnetism. Scientific adviser to
Trinity H...IM- 1 »."«;. Klected F.R.S. 18LM; declined the Presidency.
By A. Hlaiklcv.

LIST OF PORTRAITS IN Oil

Rev. John Flamsteed, F.R.S. (1646-171')).

First Astronomer Royal: his observation- for, 1 tin- framework of modem

astronomy. Elected F.R.S. ]<;77 : contributed forty-four paper* to the ' PI,
sopliical Transactions '.

I. By T. Gibson, in 1712. .JO|IM jMrh,, 1785

II. School of Lely.

Martin Folkes, Pres.R.S. (1690-1754). <m Kolkesi

.Mathematician and Antiquary. Elected F.R.S. 1713; Vice-President
President 1741-53. (See p. 202.)

By William Hogarth.

Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, F.R.S. (1657-1757). Dr. Maty, F.R.S., 1776

Author, Writer, and Mathematician, nephew of Corneille. Secretary to the
Academie des Sciences for forty-four years, and famous for his e'loges of deceased
members. Chosen a Fellow in 1732.

Copy after H. Rigaud.

Sir Michael Foster, K.C.B., F.R.S. (1836-1907). Subscribers, 1908

Physiologist. Founder of the Biological School of Cambridge, and elected
(1883) Professor of Physiology. Pres. Brit. Assoc. 1899. Elected F.R.S. 1872;
Secretary 1881-1903.

By Hon. J. Collier (a replica).

Benjamin Franklin, LL.D., F.R.S. (1706-90). Caleb Whitefoord, F.R.S., 1790

American Philosopher and Statesman. In 1757 came to England as agent for
Pennsylvania. Elected F.R.S. 1756 ; and contributed papers on electrical subjects
to the ' Philosophical Transactions '. Copley Medallist 1753.

By Joseph Wright.

Thomas Gale, D.D., F.R.S. (1636-1702).

Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ; Professor of Greek 1666 ; High Master
of St. Paul's School 1677 ; Dean of York 1697. Elected F.R.S. 1677, and
Secretary 1681.

Attributed to John Riley.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642).

Mathematician, Physicist, and Astronomer.
After Justus Sustermans.

Gassendi (Pierre Gassend) (1592-1655). Bequeathed by Dr. T. Paget, 1717

Philosopher and Man of Science. Professor of Theology at Aix 1613-23 ; of
Mathematics in the Royal College of Paris 1645. Published many scientific
works on astronomical, mathematical, and other subjects.

Painter unknown.

R 2

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Presented by
Davies Gilbert, Pres.R.S. (1767-1839). Davies Gilbert, Esq., 1834

Klecte.l F. U.S. l»H5 : Treasurer 1820 ; President 1827-30. (See p. 203.)
By Thomas Phillips, R.A.

Thomas Graham, F.R.S. (1805-69). Mrs. J. C. Inglis, 1902

( 'hemi-t. 1 Mscovered the law of the diffusion of gases, and made other important
(OreriM in Chemistry. Elected F.R.S. 1836. Professor of Chemistry in
I'niver<ity College, London, 1837-55. First President of the Chemical Society
1840. Master df tlu> Mint 1855-69.
Hv (;. F. Watts, R.A.

•%

Edward Whitaker Gray, M.D., F.R.S. (1748-1806). Sir A. Callcott, 1830

Uotani-t. Keeper of Natural History1 Collections and Antiquities, and
••etary of Hritish Museum 1787. Elected F.R.S. 1779 ; Secretary 1797.
By Sir Augustus Callcott, R.A.

John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S. (1800-75). The Botanical Society, 1859

Naturalist. Keeper of Zoological Collections at British Museum 1840-74;
author of numerous zoological papers and other works. Elected F.R.S. 1832.

Hv Mrs. Carpenter.

Theodore Haak, F.R.S. (1605-90).

Philosopher and Theologian. Employed by Parliament to translate ' Dutch
Annotations upon the whole Bible ' 1057. One of the originators of the Royal
Society, and an original Fellow.

Hv J. Richardson.

Albrecht von Haller, F.R.S. (1708-77).

s\vi<* Natural Philosopher. Professor of Medicine, Anatomy, Botany and
Surgery at (Jottingen Cniversity 1736-50. Elected F.R.S. 1739.

I. Hv. C. von Stoppelaer. Dr. Sharpey, F.R.S., 1877

II. Painter unknown. Sir J. Paget, F.R.S., 1892

Edmund Halley, LL.D., F.R.S. (1656-1742).

(apt. R.N. 1700; Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford 1703; Astrono-
mer Knyal 17iil. Elected F.R.S. 1678; Clerk to the Royal Society 1686-98;
• •tary 1713-21. Obtained the MS. of Newton's < Priucipia ' for the U.S. and
bun- the cost of publication (1687). Predicted the return of Halley's comet.
Contributed eighty-one papers to the ' Philosophical Transactions' on optics,
' Panics, mathematics, a-trnnomy, magnetism, &c.

I. Copy after Sir Godfrey Kneller.

II. Attributed to Michael Dahl.

William Harvey, M.D. (1578-1657). Dr. John Mapletoft, F.R.S., 1683

M.I). (Padua) 160-j ; F.R.C.P. 1607; Lumleian Lecturer of the Royal College

of Phy>iriani from 1610, when he first publicly stated his discovery of the

Nation of the blood. In 16-Jtt Physician Extraordinary to James I; after-

\vanh Physician to ( harl«-> I.

Hv l)e Keyn (after Com. Jon son).

LIST OF PORTRAITS IN OH 245

Presented by
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, Bart.,) .

F.R.S. (1792-1871). } John hvan"' ! reaS'ItS" 1877

Astronomer and Mathematician. Senior Wrangler iai:>. President Actr.
Soc. 1827-32. Active in introduction of modern an.ily-i- in' i. Made

numerous and important astronomical and physical dittc-ovenc* ; followed up hi*
father's astronomical discoveries, particularly with reference to double ttara;
writer and discoverer in Sound and Light ; introduced fundamental improvement*
in photography. Created Baronet 1838. Elected I K> i 1 < opley
Medallist 1821.

By C. A. Jensen.

Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury (1588-1679).

Philosopher ; author of works on metaphysics, ethics, and political philosophy.
Lived mainly at Chatsworth, where he wrote ' The Leviathan '. Mathematical
tutor to Charles II when Prince of Wales (1647).

I. Attributed to William Dobson. Bequeathed by Dr. T. Taget, 1717

II. Believed to be the portrait by John Baptist Caspars (or Gaspers) presented to
the Society by John Aubrey, F.R.S., in 1670, and referred to in Aubrey's Brief
Lives (Clark's Ed. 1898, vol. i, p. 354).

James Holman, R.N., F.R.S. (1786-1857). Lieut. Holman, 1857

Blind Traveller. Served in the Navy 1798-1811. From 1819 onwards travelled
unattended all over the world. Published ' Voyage round the World ' and other
narratives. Elected F.R.S. 1827.
By George Chinnery.

Sir Everard Home, Bart., F.R.S. (1756-1832), Sir E. Home, Bart.

Surgeon. Pupil of John Hunter ; Master (1813) and first President (1821) of
Royal College of Surgeons. Elected F.R.S. 1785 ; contributed 107 papers to
the ' Philosophical Transactions ' ; Copley Medallist 1807. Eleven times Croonian
Lecturer.
By Thomas Phillips, R.A.

Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, O.M., Pres.R.S. (1817-1911). Subscribers, 1881

Botanist and Traveller, and pioneer in the theory of evolution from the side
of geographical distribution. Elected F.R.S. 1847; President 1873-8. (See
p. 204.)

By Hon. John Collier.
Sir William Huggins, K.C.B., O.M., Pres.R.S. (1824-1908). Subscribers, 1905

Pioneer and Discoverer in astrophysics. Elected F.R.S. 1865 ; President 1900-5.
(See p. 205.)

By Hon. John Collier.
John Hunter, F.R.S. (1728-93). Sir E. Home, Bart, 1850

Surgeon and Comparative Anatomist. Founder of the Huuterian Museum of the
R. Coll. of Surgeons. Elected F.R.S. 1767 ; Copley Medallist 1787-
By Robert Home.

(The dog in this picture is mentioned in ' Phil. Trans.', Vol. 77, p. 267.)

•J4<> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Presented by
John Huxham, M.D., F.R.S. (1692-1768). J. C. Huxham Esq., F.R.S.

Physician. Author of medical works published in Latin at Leipzig. Elected
F.ll.S. 17o'.i ; contributed numerous papers on philosophical and medical subjects
to the * Philosophical Transactions '.
By T. Hcnnel.
James Prescott Joule, F.R.S. (1818-89). A number of Fellows R.S., 1883

Physicist. Studied under I>alton : experimental founder of the Mechanical
Theory of Heat. The final determinations of ' Joule's mechanical equivalent of
heat ' were communicated to the Royal Society in various papers. Fleeted F. U.S.
1850; Royal Medallist 185:! ; Copley Medallist 1860.
By Hon. John Collier.

James Jurin, M.D., F.R.S. (1684-1750).' Rev. W. A. Totton, 1868

Physician to Guy's Hospital I7'J5-:tt; Pres.ll.C.P. 1750. Pioneer in exact
physiology, Elected F.ll.S. 171H; Secretary 1721-7.
By James Worsdale.

Lord Kelvin (Sir William Thomson), Pres.R.S.)

(1824-1907).

The most important Physicist, mathematical and experimental, of his day.
One of the founders of thermodynamics and pioneer in electrical science, both
theoretical and technical. Elected F.ll.S. 1851 ; President 1890-5. (See p. 205.)
By W. Q. Orchardson, R.A.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, F.R.S. (1646-1716). Dr. Wilson, 1883

Mathematician, Physicist, and Philosopher. Contemporary and rival of Sir
Isaac Newton. Elected For. Mem. 11. S. 1673 ; in 1675 contributed a paper to the
4 Philosophical Transactions'.
An English copy after a German original.

John Locke, F.R.S. (1632-1704). J. Belchier, Esq., 1785

Philosopher and Publicist, friend of Sir Isaac Newton. Elected F.R.S. 1668.
ctary to the newly constituted Council of Trade 1673-5, when he collaborated
with Newton in the work of the Mint, including' the reorganization of the
coinage. Commissioner of Appeals 1689-1704.
By Sir Godfrey Kneller.

George, Earl of Macclesfield, Pres.R.S.
(1697-1764).

Astronomer. Klecte.l F.ll.S. 17:^; President, 1752-64. Published the
Macclcstield ( ionv-pondenee, mainly of Sir Isaac Newton and his companions.

• p. -J02.)
By Thomas Hudson.

John Macculloch, M.D., F.R.S. (1773-1835). Mrs. Macculloch

Geohuri-t. Cheini-t to the Hoard of Ordinance 1803 ; Geologist to the
Trigonometrical Survey 1H14 ; Pres. (Jcol. Soc. 1816-17. Published a Geological
Map of Scotland and a work on Scottish geology, which is now a classic. Fleeted
F.R.S i:

By B. H.

LIST OF PORTRAITS IN oil.

FVwnM '•'/
Marcello Malpighi (1628-94). Marcello Malpighi, 1680

Professor of Medicine in tin- (nivcr-ity of Bologna, 1050. ( hii-f I'i.yHidui
and Chamberlain to Innocent Ml (1601); discover.-!- ,,| tin- capillary venel* ;
observed the passage of the blood through them in livinir .-mi,,,..,!,. Klectod an
Honorary Member U.S. on March 4, 16(58-!). His roll.-ctrd a«,rU, dedicate!
the Society, were published in London under its au.-pi< .•-.
By A. M. de Tobar.

Capt. George Manby, F.R.S. (1765-1854). Madame Barret, 1900

Inventor of an apparatus for saving life from shipwreck, which was extensively
employed. Elected F.R.S. 1831.
By S, Lane.

Gideon Algernon Mantell, LL.D., F.R.S. (1790-1852). W. Mantell, Esq., 1859

Geologist. Elected F.R.S. 1825; Royal Medallist 1H4'.». Communicated a
long series of papers to the ' Philosophical Transaction- .

By J. J. Masquerier.

Nevil Maskelyne, D.D., F.R.S. (1732-1811). Mrs. Mervin Storey

Astronomer. Sent by Royal Society to observe Transit of Venus in 17<;i.
Astronomer Royal 1765 ; established the Nautical Almanack 1766. Elected
F.R.S. 1768 ; Copley Medallist 1775. Contributed papers to the < Philosophical
Transactions'. The diagram reproduced in the picture is from his paper on a
prismatic micrometer published in the c Phil. Trans.', Vol. (57.

By L. F. G. Van der Piiyl (1785).

Abraham de Moivre, F.R.S. (1667-1754). E. Wortley Montague, Esq.

Mathematician. Published e Doctrine of Chances ' and ' Miscellanea Analytica '
in 1730 which created ' imaginary trigonometry'. Elected F.R.S. 1697; con-
tributed numerous papers to the ' Philosophical Transactions'. Newton, when old,
was accustomed to send those who asked him questions about the ' Principia ' to De
Moivre.

By Joseph Highmore.

Henry More, D.D., F.R.S. (1614-87). Bequeathed by Dr. T. Paget, 1717.

Theologian. One of the Cambridge Platouists ; published theological and
philosophical works ; an original Fellow of the Society ; contributed papers to
the ( Philosophical Transactions'.

Painting of the School of Lely.

Sir Isaac Newton, Pres.R.S. (1642-1727).

Elected F.R.S. 1671 ; in 1703 was chosen President, an office to which he was
annually re-elected during the remaining twenty-five years of his life. (See p. 201 . )

I. By Charles Jervas. Sir Isaac Newton, 1717

II. By Vander Banck. C. B. Vignoles, Esq., F.R.S., 1841

III. After Vander Banck, but signed by him. Martin Folkes, Esq., Pres.R.S.

248 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Presented by

Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton, Marquis of j M is of Northampton
Northampton, Pres.R.S. (1790-1851).

UM.lo.rM ami Mineralogist. Elected F.R.S. 1830, and President 1838-48.
(See p. 204.)
By Thomas Phillips, H.A.

Henry Oldenburg, F.R.S. (1626-77). Purchased by the Royal Society

Fir.-t Secretary U.S. 1(5(53-7; published and edited the ' Transactions ' 1664-
77. roiitrUtiitiii£ largely to them himself. Conducted extensive correspondence
with foreign savants, including Leibniz and Spinoza, which has been of high
importance to the scientific history of the time.

Attributed to John Van Cleef.

Thomas Paget, D.D. (died 1717).

A henefaetor of the Society, having bequeathed to it property in London.
Painting of the School of Kneller by Mary Beale.

George Peacock, D.D., F.R.S. (1791-1858). Subscribers, 1860

Mathematician. Senior Wrangler ; with Woodhouse, Herschel, and Babbage
introduced analytical methods and the differential notation into the mathematical
course ; Lowndean Professor of Astronomy 1836-58 ; Dean of Ely 1839-58.
By D. Y. Blakiston.

Samuel Pepys, Pres.R.S. (1633-1703). Samuel Pepys.

The Diarist and Secretary to the Admirality. Elected F.R.S. 1663; Presi-
dent U584 -/I. (Seep. 201.)

After Sir Godfrey Kneller.
Richard Price, D.D., F.R.S. (1723-91). A. Morgan, Esq., F.R.S., 1876

Di-~enting Divine and writer on moral, political, and economic science, whose
works exerted a great political influence; an intimate friend of Franklin, was
invited by Congress in 1778 to transfer himself to America. Elected F.R.S. 1765.
Attributed to B. West, P.R.A.

Sir John Pringle, Bart., Pres.R.S. (1707-82). Sir John Pringle, 1777

Physician. Klected F.R.S. 1745 ; President 1772. (See p. 202.)
By Sir Joshu:i Reynolds.

Jesse Ramsden, F.R.S. (1735-1800). Sir E. Home, Bart., F.R.S., 1850

Practical Optician and Mechanician. Inventor of well-known telescopic eye-
piece ; fa mou> a- an instrument-maker throughout Europe. Elected F.R.S.
17HU ; Copley Medal 1M ]?'.»:..

By Robert Home.

John William Strutt, Baron Rayleigh, O.M., Pres.R.S. Subscribers, 1903
Mathematician and Physicist. Kleeted F.R.S. 1873; Secretary 1887-96;

President 100", K. (See p. :>(»<;.)

By Sir George Reid, P. U.S. A.

LIST OF PORTRAITS IN Oil.

f*ff- ^- 1 1 / f\fi /»•/

William Parsons, Earl of Rosse, K.P., Pres.R.S. I

(1800-67).

Astronomer. Constructed the great six-foot reflector at PanoniUnm, and
detected with it the structure of the nehulae. II: Pr.-i.|,-nt 1848-54.

(See p. 204.)

By J. Catterson Smith.

General Sir Edward Sabine, Pres.R.S. (1788-1883). M 1866

Explorer and Physicist. Promoted the subject of tern-trial uiagnettan.
Elected F.R.S. 1818 ; Copley Medallist 1821 ; Secretary H.s
1845-50 ; President 1861-71. (See p. 204.)

By S. Pearce.

Heinrich Christian Schumacher, For.Mem.R.S.)

(1790-1850). H.Wulft, Esq., 1847

Astronomer. Studied under Struve and Gauss ; Professor of Astronomy at
Copenhagen 1808, and Director of the Observatory 181.3 ; established and n in-
ducted for twenty-seven years the ' Astronomische Nachrirhten '. Elected
For.Mem.R.S. 1821.

By H. Wolf.

Sir Hans Sloane, Bart., Pres.R.S. (1660-1753). Sir Hans Sloane, 1716

Physician, Botanist, and Virtuoso. F.R.S. 1684; Secretary 1693-1712;
President 1727-41. (See p. 202.)

Face by Sir Godfrey Kneller.

John Smeaton, F.R.S. (1724-92).

Civil Engineer. Built third Eddystone Lighthouse 1756-9, and constructed
the Forth and Clyde Canal. Elected F.R.S. 1753 ; Copley Medallist 1759.

I. By Mather Brown. A. Aubert, Esq., l-'.U.S.

II. By J. Richardson. A. Aubert. KMJ.. 1 '.K .-.

John, Baron Somers, Lord Chancellor, Pres.R.S. (1652-1716). Sir J. Jekyll

Lawyer and Statesman. President R.S. 1698-1703. (See p. 201.)
After Sir Godfrey Kneller.

Sir Robert Southwell, Pres.R.S. (1635-1702). Sir Robert Southwell, 1695

Diplomatist. Elected F.R.S. 1663 ; President 1690-5. (See p. 201.)
After Sir Godfrey Kneller.

Sir Henry Spelman (1561-1641).

Historian and Antiquarian. Buried by express direction of Charles 1 in
Westminster Abbey.

By P. Moreelse.

•j.,o RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

l'r<'fte)ifcd by
William Spottiswoode, Pres.R.S. (1825-83). Subscribers, 1885

Mathematician and PhysicUt. Fleeted F.R.S. 18/>:> ; Treasurer 1870 : President

[.. L'O.-,.)

Bv tlu- lion. John Collier.

Sir George Gabriel Stokes, Bart., Pres.R.S. (1819-1903). Subscribers, 1891

Mathematician and Ph\>icist. Discoverer in the theory of radiation. Elected
F.R.S. | M.-.I ; Secretary L8&-72 : President 1885-90. (Seep. 205.)

By II. von I lerkoiner, K.A.

Johann Christoph Sturm (1635-1703). , Theodore Haak, F.R.S., 1683

Profr.-Mir of Matlieinatics at Altdorf 1669-1703. Author of works on the

physical -cieiice-.

Attributed to Ileyman Dullaert.

H.R.H. The Duke of Sussex, Pres.R.S. (1773-1843). The Duke of Sussex

Fleeted F.R.S. 1828; President 1830-8. (Seep. 203.)
By Thomas Phillips, R.A.

Brook Taylor, LL.D., F.R.S (1685-1731). Sir W. Young, Bart., F.U.S.

Mathematician. His ' Methodus Incrementorum ' developed the method of
finite ditference<. and contained 'Taylor's Theorem ', fundamental in analysis.
Fleeted F.li.S. 1712; Secretary 1714. Contributed many papers to the
• Philmophica] Transactions'.

Painter unknown.

Vincenzio Viviani, F.R.S. (1622-1703). Dr. Wilson, 1883

lMiysici>t and Mathematician. Pupil of Galileo and Torricelli. Constructed
the first barometer under the latter's supervision. Elected For.Mem.R.S. 1G!H>.
B\ 1'icro Dandini.

Richard Waller, F.R.S. R. Waller, Esq., F.R.S., 1711

Fleeted F.K.S. |r,H] ; Secretary 1687-1709; edited the < Philosophical Trans-
ioni ' I C.D1 r>. Author of several pliysiological papers in the ' Transactions '.
By T. Murray afti-r Sir Godfrey Kneller.

John Wallis, D.D., F.R.S. (1616-1703). Mr. Wallis, 1704

Mathematician, Scholar, Theologian. Suviliaii Professor of Geometry 1G49.

\:ithinetica Infuiitoniin ' contained tferms of the differential calculus.

one ..f the originators of the Royal Society, and contributed papers to the

Martians'. The Archive- H.S. contain numbers of bis letters on scientific

•uty

By (.iT.'u-d

LIST OF PORTRAITS IN OIL 251

/V, ,„',..' :,,

Sir William Watson, M.D., F.R.S. (1715-87 ). \ \\

Physician, Physicist, ami Naturalist. PuhlUhed botani.al. ,
medical papers, 1744-<>8. Elected F.R.S. 1741 ; Copley Mrd.-illi-t 17 i
tributed sixty-one papers to the • Philn-ophiral Transactions'.
By Lemuel Abbot.

Sir Charles Wheatstone, F.R.S. (1802-75). Sir C. Wheafctone, 1876

Physicist. Professor of Experimental Physics, King's ( olW<«, I^ndnn, 1834.
Discoverer of the stereoscope and in the theory of vision ; crl.-l.r.itcd f.,r hi-
discoveries in electrical science, including improvements in telegraph) .
F.R.S. 1836.

By C. Martin.

John Wilkins, D.D., F.R.S (1614-72).

Distinguished in mechanical science and in philology. Warden of Wadliain
College, Oxford, 1648-59 ; Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, KJ.y.i : |JM,op
of Chester 1668 ; active promoter of the meetings of philosophers which led
to the formation of the Royal Society ; nominated by Charles II one of the first
Council. Author of an ' Essay towards a real Character and a Philosophical
Language ' which was printed by the Society's order.

A copy after Mary Beale.

Sir Joseph Williamson, Pres.R.S. (1633-1701). Sir J. Williamson, 1684

Statesman and Diplomatist. Elected F.R.S. 1663; President 1677-80.
(See p. 200.)

By Sir Godfrey Kneller.

William Hyde Wollaston, Pres.R.S. (1766-1828). Dr. Wollaston's family

Physiologist, Chemist, Mineralogist, and Physicist. Discovered the dark lines
in the spectrum. Elected F.R.S. 1793; Secretary 1804; President 1820.
(Seep. 203.)

By J. Jackson, R.A.

Sir Christopher Wren, Pres.R.S. (1632-1723). S. Wren, Esq.

Architect and Man of Science. President 1680-82. (See p. 200.)
Attributed to Michael Wright.

Thomas Young, M.D., F.R.S. (1773-1829). Hudson Gurney, Esq., 1842

Mathematician, Physician, Physicist, and Egyptologist. Eminent over the
whole range of natural philosophy ; established the wave theory of light ; pioneer
in the theory of vision. Prof, of Nat. Phil, at Roy. Inst. 1801-3. Physician
to St. George's Hospital 1811-29. Secretary of Board of Longitude 1818.
Elected F.R.S. 1794 ; For. Sec. 1804-29.

By H. P. Briggs, R.A., after Sir T. Lawrence.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

OTHER PAINTINGS

Sub:

Description.

Painter, Engraver,
or Sculptor.

Donor.

Date
of gift.

1. Representing a Deputa-
tion from the- Council

Oil painting

E. Armitage, R.A.

J. P. Gassiot, Esq.,
F.R.S.

1873

of the Koyal Society

-tinir of tin- Pre-

• (Lord Wrottes-

U-y), .Mr. Grove, and

M'r. Gassiot to Mr.

iay to urge him

to accept tin- Presi-

dentship, May, lS/,7
;iior House, Wools-

Ditto

>>f

Rev. C. Turner,

tliorpe, the birthplace

F.R.S.

of Sir Isaac Newton

tto, from another

Ditto

Rev. C. Turner,

point of view
J. VUbge Chureh, Wools-

Ditto

F.R.S.
Rev. C. Tumor,

thorpe

F.R.S.

LIST OF MEDALLIONS, BUSTS, AND STATUETTES

IN TI IE APARTMENTS OF THE SOCIETY

%* Where the entries after a name are incomplete, particulars are wanting.

Subject.

Description.

Painter, Engraver,
or Sculptor.

Donor.

Date

of gift.

Hanks, Sir Joseph,

Marble bust . .

Sir F. Chantrey,

Sir F. Chantrey,

1819

Hart., Pres.K.S.

R.A.

R.A.

Brodie, Sir Benjamin

Plaster bust . .

Original model of

Sir B. C. Brodie,

1867

C., Hart., IVs.K.S.

the bust by

Bart.

W. Behnes

Burney, Dr., F.R.S. ..

Plaster bust . .

Charles II. King, Foun-

Marble bust . .

J. Nollekens

Ordered by the

1779

der and Patron

Council R.S.

Cuvier, Georges

Bronze bust . .

P. J. David, Esq.

Darwin. Charles, F.R.S.

Bronze medal-

Allan Wyon

lion

Da rwin, Charles, F.K.S.

Plaster medal-

Sir E. Boehm

Sir John Evans . .

1905

lion

Darwin. nm.s.

Medallion, in

J. Evans, Esq.,

1 .U.S.

Wedgwood

Treas.R.S.

(

Wax medallion

J. Tayler

Davy, Sir Humphry,

Bust in plaster,
as restored by

Purchased by the
Council R.S.

1899

(

Miss Levick

•rge,

Marble bust . .

— Garland

A.W.Dolland,Esq.

1894

P.H

IMIond.Jolm. 1

Marble bust ..

— Garland

G. Dolland, Esq.

1843

Donkin. Bryan. 1
Knlcr. Leonard

Bust in plaster
Plaster medal-

••

F.R.S.
Bryan Donkin, Esq.

1895

lion

LIST OF MEDALLIONS, El <

Subject.

Description.

Painter, Engraver,
or Sculpt

Donor.

Date
of gift

Evans, John, Treas.
R.S.

Bronze medal-
lion

••

Folm Kv.-uis. Ksi|.

IfM

Fairbairn, Sir William,
F.R.S.

Marble bust . .

P. Park

T. Fail-burn. Esq.

IH,,_>

Falconer, Hugh, F. R.S.

Marble bust . .

T. Butler

A Memorial Com-

ISM,

•MM

(

Marble bust . .

M. Noble

H. Bence Jones,

1873

Faraday, Michael, J

Esq., l-.K.S.

F.R.S.

Plaster bast . .

J. H. Foley, R.A.

Purchased by the
Council U.S.

UM

Folkes, Martin, Pres.

Plaster bust . .

Karl Stanhope . .

1871

R.S.

Forbes, Edward,F.R.S.
Franklin, Benjamin,

Plaster bust . .
Plaster bust . .

J. G. Lough

Miss Lough-Bishop
Earl Stanhope . .

ian

1071

F.R.S.

George III, King,
Patron

Marble bust . .

J. Nollekens

Ordered by the

Council U.S.

Gilbert Davies, Pres.

Marble bust . .

R. Westmacott,

The Baroness Basset

1844

R.S.

R.A.

Herschel, Sir William,

Medallion por-

J. Wedgwood, after

Sir J. D. Hooker,

1901

F.R.S.

trait

J. Flaxman

K.C.I.E., 1

Hey, William, F.R.S.

Plaster bust . .

^Chantrey executed

Rev. J. B. Reade,

1864

a marble bust

F.R.S.

from this plaster)

Hood, Thomas

Plaster bust . .

E. Davis

E. Davis, Esq. . .

LM1

Hooker, Sir Joseph D.,

Medallion por-

F. Bowcher

Sir J. Evans, F.R.S.

1900

F.R.S.

trait in bronze

Hooker, Sir William,

Medallion por-

J. Wedgwood . .

Sir J. D. Hooker,

1899

F.R.S.

trait

K.C.I.E., F.R.S.

Horsley, Bishop, Sec.

Miniature

W. S. Lethbridge

Purchased by the

1893

R.S.

Council R.S.

Humboldt, F. H. Alex-

Bronze statuette

ander von, For. Mem.

R.S.

Huxley, Prof. Thomas

Medallion por-

F. Bowcher

Sir J.Evans, F.R.S.

1900

Henry, Pres. R.S.

trait in bronze

Joule, James Prescott,

Plaster bust . .

B. A. Joule, Esq. . .

1893

F.R.S.

Kelvin, Lord, F.R.S...

Medallion in en-

W.H.Nichols, Pres.

1905

graved glass

Soc.Chem.Industr.

Laplace, Pierre Simon

Plaster bust . .

de, For. Mem. R.S.

~

Lyell, Sir Charles,

Marble bust . .

W. Theed, after

Leonard Lyell, Esq.

1878

F.R.S.

J. Gibson, R.A.

Mond, Dr. Ludwig,

Medallion por-

Sir A. Geikie,

1912

F.R.S.

trait in silver

President

Newton, Sir Isaac, J
Pres. R.S. 1

Marble bust . .
Plaster statuette
Plaster statuette

L. F. Roubiliac . .
W. Theed
H. J. Jones, after

J. Winter,' Esq. . .

;i>.vi

1858

L. F. Roubiliac's

statue at Trinity

College, Cam-

bridge

Oersted, Jens Christian,

Plaster bust . .

Bissen, of Copen-

Miss Harmer

1864

For. Mem. R.S.

(

Wax relief ..

hagen
- Hagbolt

Sir J. D. Hooker,

1890

Rennell, James Major, I

F.R.S.

F.R.S.

Porcelain medal-

(

lion

Richardson, John, M.D.

Medallion por-

Sir J. D. Hooker,

—

trait in plaster

K.C.I.E., F.R.S.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Subject.

Description.

Painter, Engraver,
or Sculptor.

Donor.

Date
of gift.

Ronalds, Sir Francis,

Plaster bust . .

E. Davis

S. Carter, Esq. . .

1871

pt. James

Medallion por-

Sir J. D. Hooker,

trait in plaster

K.C.I.E., F.R.S.

Sabinc. Cnicral Sir

Marble bust

J. Durham

J. P. Gassiot, Esq.,

1860

K.lward, Pres.R.S.

F.R.S.

SI...IIH-, Sir Hans, 1'res.

Miniature

J. Fellows

Purchased

1895

Smith, Adam, F.R.S.

Medallion por-

J. Wedgwood, after

R. H. Inglis Pal-

1901

trait

J. Tassie

grave, Esq., F.R.S.

Smith, Henry John

Marble bust . .

J. E. Boehm, R.A.

A Committee of

1885

Stephen, F.R.S.

(a Replica)

Subscribers

Soim-niHe, Mrs.

Marble bust . .

Sir F. Chantrey,

H.R.H.theDukeof

1842

R.A.

Sussex and other

subscribers

Spottiswoode, William,

Bust in marble

T. Woolner, R.A.

W. H. Spottis-

1894

1'res.R.S.

woode, Esq., and

C. Spottiswoode,

Esq.

Watt, James, F.R.S.

Marble bust . .

J. Hofferman, after

— Watt, Esq.

1843

Sir F. Chantrey,

R.A.

Whitehurst, John,

Miniature,

W. H. Craft

A. R. Binnie, Esq.

1897

F.K.S.

enamelled on

copper

In addition to the paintings and sculptures, the Royal Society possesses
a large collection of engraved portraits arranged in portfolios ; and a number
of photographs of Fellows.

MEDALS1

Aberdeen. Marischal College.

A-tronomy. -eated, holds a celestial sphere. Rev. Inscription, PH/KMII .M .MATHK.MATI-

' I'M i.HAVAM'M. lM>. M.

Aldrovandi, UhVc.

Medal struck in commemoration of the tercentenary of Aldrovandi of Bologna.
Bast Of Aldrovmodi. AVr. Inscription and date 1007. 2-00. M.

Ampere, Aiidn' Marie, I'W.Mem.R.S.

HiM of Amp. re. HIT. Inscription spaced on the field. '2-0. x..

1 A full d«-M-rij,ti(.n of each medal was given in the first and second editions of this
i'd'. to wliicli rcf.-n-nce may he made by numismatists. Since these editions
;i|. [.eared the collect ion ha- heen increa-ed hy some fifty additional medals. The sizes of
the MedaK de-crihed in thi^ Catalogue are given in inches and decimals.

.MKDAI.S 255

Amsterdam. Koninklijkc Akadrmir \.m \\', t<-nsrlia|>j>cn.

Medal founded by M. Hoeufft, 1837, a gold example of wlm-h i« awarded annually
for a Latin poem. Poetry, holding in one hand a lyre. \v itl. the utbrr place* a laurel
wreath upon tbe bead of a poet wbo holds a scroll on which is inM-rilx-d
I-OKTK A. lire. Within a laurel wreath, .\« AIM. MI \ un.iv \n-> MM IN \itvn HB

Baglivi, Giorgio, F.R.S.

Bust of Baglivi. AVr. A tripod encircled by a snake, between a mortar, retort and
other implements of medicine. 1-65. x,.

Baly, William, F.R.S.

Bust of Baly. Rev. Representation of tbe facade of tbe Royal College of l*b yniciaiis.
2-28. M.

Barker, Robert, F.R.S.

Head of Barker. Rev. Within an ornamental border, the head of Sain- ahovp. with
adjacent drapery, and that of ^Esculapius below, with attributes. 2-15. M.

Barthelemy, Jean Jacques, For.Mem.R.S.

Head of Barthelemy. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. l'fii> /»•:.

Batavia. Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen.

Medal struck in celebration of tbe centenary of the Society, 177&-1878. Inscription
within a wreath of tropical flowers. Rev. A cocoa-nut tree (Cocoa nm-ifi-m. Linn.)
with outlines of Java mountains behind. 2-89. x.

Becquerel, Antoine Cesar, For.Mem.R.S.

Head of Becquerel. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 2'Q. A:.

Beneden, Pierre J. van, For.Mem.R.S.

Arms of the University of Lou vain with crest and supporters. AVr. liiM-ription
to Van Beneden spaced on the field. 1-98. M.

Head of Van Benedeu. Rev. Above, branches of laurel and

palm intertwined with scroll inscribed PAI^KONTOLOGIA . ANATOMIA . ZOOIXXHA am
tion below. 2-18. M.

Berthollet, Claude Louis, Comte, For.Mem.R.S.

Head of Berthollet. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field within wreath of oak
leaves. 2-0. JE.

Berzelius, Jons Jakob, For.Mem.R.S.

Bust of Berzelius. Rev. Fame flying towards Night, who is seated, her iH't arm
rests 011 a sphinx, and near are emblems of the sciences. 2-22. M.

Bichat, Xavier. See Paris, Societc Medicale d'6mulation.
Bigsby, John Jeremiah, F.R.S. See London, Geological Society.
Black, Joseph. See Glasgow, University.

UKC01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Brahe, Tvcho.

.-•ahe: round the neck a chain, to which a medallion portrait is attached.
for. In-script-. -MI the field. MU. .¥..

Brodie, Sir Benjamin Collins. F.K.S.

A :« ::.;•.!«• ::_'iire |x?rsonityin- -

Brun . - bttd, F.K>.

Hrad of Brunei. I Mtion of the Thames Tunnel. 1-70. Me

Brus> ..U-mie Hoyale ile- • ,t Belles- Let -

Medal celebrating the 100th anniversary of the foundation of the Academy by the

ML, /ter. Inscription spacer! on the

;,Mi:lon. Hoya1. -

Burton. George- Loui> Let-lerc, Comt

tfon. AVr. Inseripti< "n the field within wreath of

Another without wreath. M?0. JE.

Canni: U.S.

uth scroll bearing legend.

51 .ni-lrto. l'or.M<;m.l\.>.

Bust of Canni zzanv Rtr. An olive branch partly encircling the field o
an .onunenuv

Cassi . IXiminuj

Bwt of OLssini. R< on field. 1-60. &

Challenger Metl.il.

Bust of Athena . . and behind, the terr, o. In the field a dolphin.

and Neptune with trident

bins« usjreMi 1873-76. ft»c. T the ' C ha

Expedition represented by a Knight in armour, who throws down bis gauntlet to th««
sea -87- *.

Thfe medal wa- to commemorate the work connected with the • C'halit

Expedition. It WT»* presented by IV. John Murray. K.K.S.. to the iwa'.
members of the civilian stadf of the Expoiiition. to contributor* ot -. :\nd to

other persons who took part in the promotion of the Kxpodition. or the :•

;>tal, Jean At . iiantelotip. Vor.Mem.R .-

Bwt of Chaptal. AW. Inscription spaced on field.

Cbatorfield. Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of. F K -
of the Earl. Ifrr. Within an ornamer

MEDALS 257

Chevreul, Michel Eugene, For.Mem.R.S. Centenary Medal.

Bust of Chevreul (O. Roty). Rev. A young girl offers Chevreul, who b Heated, pea in
hand, a laurel wreath. Inscription, LA JBUNBMB PRANCAISE AV DOVRN DB KTUDUKTV.
270. ^.

Christiana. K. Norske Frederiks Universitet.

Inscription within a laurel wreath. Rev. Mercury seated, wearing Phrygian cap,
offers drink to a lion out of a patera. 1-67. GILT.

K. Norske Frederiks Universitet.

Medal founded 1872, on the occasion of the celebration of the union of Norway as one
Kingdom one thousand years prior. A female figure representing Norway. Rev.
Inscription within an olive wreath. 2-08. &.

K. Norske Frederiks Universitet.

Medal founded 1873, on the occasion of the crowning of King Oscar II. Busts
conjoined of Oscar II of Sweden and Norway, and Sophia his Queen, both crowned.
Rev. Clio, seated, holding a scroll and pen. 1-68. JR.

K. Norske Frederiks Universitet.

Busts conjoined of Charles XV of Sweden and Norway, and Louisa his Queen, both
crowned. Rev. The goddess Athena reading a scroll. 1*68. «,.

Clarke, Rev. William Branwhite, F.R.S. See Sydney, Royal Society of New
South Wales.

Combe, Taylor, F.R.S.

Head of Combe. Rev. Within a laurel wreath an inscription. 1*78. A.
Combe was Secretary of the Royal Society 1812-24.

Conduit, John, F.R.S.

Bust of Conduit. Rev. Truth introduces Conduit to Hampden and to Newton.
2-26. j&.

Conduit succeeded Sir Isaac Newton, who was his uncle by marriage, as Master of the
Mint.

Cook, James, F.R.S.

Bust of Capt. Cook. Rev. A female clad in draperies, representing Navigation,
holding a rudder. 1-7. JB.

Memorial medal to Capt. Cook, instituted by the Royal Society in 1780, assisted by
the voluntary subscriptions of the Fellows. The medal, designed by Lewis Pingo, was
struck in gold, silver, and bronze.

Copenhagen. Universitet.

Medal struck in celebration of the 400th anniversary. Busts conjoined of Christian I
(founder) and Christian IX. Rev. Denmark, seated, clasps the extended hand of
the goddess Athena. 1«86. M.

Copernicus, Nicholas.

Bust of Copernicus. .Ret?. Inscription spaced on the face. M.DCCC.XVHI. 1*6. *•

Copley Medal. See London, Royal Society.

S

258 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Cuvier, Georges, Baron, For.Mem.R.S.

H»-;id of Cuvier. Rev. Inscription spaced on field within wreath of oak leaves.

C/m/or. Gergely, and Janos Fogarasi.

t onjoined. Rev. Inscription. MIXCCLXXIV. 1-68. GILT.

: Mi-da I was struck in commemoration of the completion of their great dictionary
of the Hungarian language.

Dalton, John, F.R.S. See Manchester. Literary and Philosophical Society.

Darwin, Charles Robert, F.R.S.

Mcdallic Portrait. Cast. Bust of Darwin, CHARLES DARWIN 1881. Rev. plain. 4-5. JE.

Dam-in Modal. See London, Royal Society.
l)a\\ Medal. See London, Royal Society.

Descartes, Rene.

Bust of Descartes. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 1819. 1-6. JE.

Doncaster. Horticultural Society.

Bust of Linnaeus. 1835. Rev. Within a wreath of flowers, the arms and crest of
Doncaster. 2*1. JE.

Donders, Franz Cornelis, For.Mem.R.S.

Struck in honour of his Jubilee, celebrated at Utrecht in 1888. Head of Douders.
Rev. Inscription within an olive wreath. 2-6. JE.

Dumas, Jean Baptiste Andre, For.Mem.R.S.

Head of Dumas. Rev. Inscription spaced on field. 240. JE.

Edinburgh. Royal Society.

The Keith Prize Medal. Bust of John Napier of Merchiston (the inventor of
logarithms). Rev. Inscription within a laurel wreath. 1«75. JE.

Edward VII, King. Patron, 1901.

Mnlal commemorative of the coronation of King Edward VII, 1902. 2-0. JE.

Evans, John, F.R.S. See London, Numismatic Society.
Fogarasi, J. See Czuczor and Fogarasi.

Folkcs, Martin, P.R.S.

lin>-t of Koikes. Rev. Within an ornamental compartment, SOCIETATIS RK<;ALIS

MM -..LAI i- . M.IM ( .XL. 245. A-:.
Koikes was President of the Royal Society for eleven years, having been elected

in 1711.

Fontencllc, Bernard lc Houycr de, F.R.S.

Hu-t of Kontrwlle. I'cr. Inscription spaced on field. 1-60. JE.

MEDALS

Fordyce, George, F.R.S., and John Hunter, F.R.S.

Heads of Fordyce and Hunter, jugate. Rev. A serpent erect carting it*
slough. 1*7. -H.

Franklin, Benjamin, F.R.S.

Bust of Franklin. Rev. plain. 1-40. M.

Bust of Franklin, and inscription PRINTER . FHiUMoran .

SCIENTIST . STATESMAN . DIPLOMATIST. Rev. History, laureate, recordH Franklin'* achieve-
ments on a panel ; before her, figures personifying Literature, Science, Philosophy.

Struck by the Congress of the United States to commemorate the 200th anniverwry
(1906) of the birth of Franklin. 4-0. «..

Freind, John, F.R.S.

Bust of Freind. Rev. An ancient and a modern physician meeting and grasping right
hands. 2-26. JE.

Galilei, Galileo.

Bust of Galileo. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 1-C. x.
Gauss, Carl Friedrich, For.Mem.R.S.

Bust of Gauss. Rev. Inscription within an ivy wreath and another around. 2*75. *u

Another copy. 2-75. JE.
Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis, For.Mem.R.S.

Head of Gay-Lussac. Rev. Inscription spaced on field within wreath of oak leaves.
2.0. JE.

George V, King. Patron.

Medal commemorative of the coronation of King George V, 1911. 2-0. s~

Glasgow. University.

Bust of Joseph Black. Rev. Inscription spaced on field. 2*76. JE.
A medical class medal of the University of Glasgow, where the great chemist was
a professor.

Gray, John Edward, F.R.S., and Maria E. Gray.

Busts conjoined of Gray and Mrs. Gray. Rev. Inscription within an olive wreath
(two copies). 2-26. JE.

Haidinger, Wilhelm, For.Mem.R.S.

Head of Haidinger. Rev. In relief, the Eastern hemisphere, around which are the
signs of the zodiac. MDCCCVI. 2'52. JE.

Halley, Edmund, F.R.S.

Bust of Halley. Rev. Within an ornamental border, ASTRONOMUS REGIS UAOHM

BRITANNIyE. MDCCXLIV. 2'15. JE.

Halley was Secretary of the Royal Society, 1713-21.

Hamilton, Sir William, F.R.S.

Bust of Hamilton. Rev. The representation of a Greek vase in relief. Cast. 4«25. M.

Hansteen, Christopher, For.Mem.R.S.

Bust of Hansteen. Rev. Inscription within a wreath of oak and olive, and another
around. 1-5. JE.

s2

260 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Heidelberg. Tnivcrsitat.

Medal iu celebration of the 500th anniversary of the University. Bust of Frederick

of Baden, Protector of the University. Rev. The Genius of Heidelberg : oval panels,

bearing the bust of the Elector Rupert, founder of the University, 1356 ; and that of the

• r ( harle< Frederick, who reconstituted the same in 1803. In the distance, in low

relief, the Castle of Heidelberg. MDCCCLXXXVI. 2-9. x.

Hermite, Charles, For.Mem.R.S.

Hu>t of Hermite. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field, partly encircled by a myrtle
branch, the stem tied with ribbon. 24 . DECEMBRE . 1892.— SOUSCRIPTION INTER-
NATION .U.K. 2..T8 x 1-75. JB.

Him, Gustav Adolph.

Medal, rectangular, struck in 1890, as a tribute of admiration for M. Him and his
labours. Bust of Hirn. Rev. Science, seated, watches the flames of a fire burning
upon an antique and raised altar, symbolical of thermodynamics. A balance recalls
the applications of M. Hirn's researches 011 vapour. Behind rise branches of laurel,
among which the inscription SCIENTIA. 2-42 x 1-8. JR.

M. Him died Jan. 14, 1890, just before the issue of this medal.

Howard, John, F.R.S. See London, Statistical Society.
Hughes, David Edward, F.R.S. See London, Royal Society.

Hume, Joseph, F.R.S.

Bust of Hume. Rev. A wreath of oak leaves with inscription below. 1-52. JE.

Hunter, John, F.R.S. See Fordyce, George.

Bust of Hunter. Rev. Within a laurel wreath, the armorial
bearings of Yorkshire College, Leeds, with inscription below. 2-2. x.

Hunter, William, F.R.S.

Bust of Hunter. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 2-76. M.

Huxley, Thomas Henry, F.R.S. See London, Royal College of Science.

International Association of Academies.

Kectangular medal struck by the French Government to commemorate the first
meet in- ,,f the International Association of Academies, at Paris, 1901, M. le Prof. J. G.
I >.irhoux pre-icliiiir. /,Vr. The Genius of Science, laureate, addresses a band of female
students seated before her. 3-10 x 2-25. ,K.

J. C., For.Mem.R.S., and J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S.

Miemorative medal. Heads of Janssen and Lockyer, jugate. Rev. Apollo
driving Ins i- I iariot through the heavens. Inscribed around, ANALYSE DBS PROTUBERANCES

80LA1RE8 . 18 AOOT 1868. 2-75. M.

tea, HrriKtnl de, For.Mem.R.S.

Hrr. Inscription spaced on field. 1-60. x.
Keith Medal. See Edinburgh, Royal Society.

MEDALS 261

Lord Kelvin (Sir William Thomson).

Medallic Portrait in bas-relief. Cast. Bust of Lord Kelvin. 4} in. M.
Koerner, Wilhelm.

BustofKoerner. Struck (1910) in commemoration of his 70th anniversary. 2-20. JB.
Lawrence, Sir William, Bart, F.R.S.

Head of Lawrence. NAT : 1783 OB : 1867. Rev. Within an olive wreath, a
bearing the arms of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, with inscription within a
1-52. JE.

Lee, John, F.R.S. See London, Numismatic Society.

Linnaeus, Carolus.

Bust of Linnaeus. Rev. Cybele standing, murally crowned, with lion crouching by
her side. 2-1. M.

Lord Lister (Sir Joseph Lister).

Medallic Portrait in bas-relief. Cast. Bust of Lord Lister. 4$ in. JR.

Locke, John, F.R.S.

Bust of Locke. Rev. Justice and Liberty seated side by side on a sarcophagus, at
their feet a winged infant with open book and playthings. 1-65. JE.

Bust of Locke. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. 24. JB.

Lockyer, J. Norman, F.R.S. See Janssen, Pierre J. C.

London. Medal struck to commemorate the visit of H.M. Queen Victoria to
the Corporation of London, Nov. 9, 1837.

Bust of Queen Victoria. Rev. A representation of the frontage of the Guildhall,
with the Royal Standard floating above. 2-16. M.

British Association. See Montreal, McGill University.

City and Guilds of London Institute.
Siemens Medal. Head of Siemens. Rev. Inscription within an ivy wreath. 2«02. JR.

Geological Society.

Bigsby Medal. Head of Bigsby. Rev. In the centre, a representation of a species of
echinoderm with inscription around. Beyond, within a border, AWARDED BY THE

GEOJX)GICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR WORK OF GREAT MERIT. 1'78. JR.

A gold example of this medal is awarded biennially by the Geological Society. The
Royal Society possesses another specimen of nearly similar design but larger type ; it
was struck in bronze, and subsequently discarded for the smaller size in gold.

Geological Society.

Bigsby Medal. See note above. 2-52. JE.

Geological Society.

Prestwich Medal. Bust of Prestwich. Rev. A representation of a species of
arachnid. Struck in gold and awarded triennially. 2«25. JR.

262 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Ix>ndon. Geological Society.

U'ollaston Medal. Bust of Wollaston. Rev. Within branches of palm and laurel,

THK <JKOIXK;K'AL SOCIKTY OF LONDON.

Tlie example is that awarded to Dr. Hugh Falconer, F.R.S. P-75. jv.

King's College.

Siemens Medal. Head of Siemens. Rev. The arms, crest, and supporters of King's
College, London. 1-7. x.

King's College.

Todd Medal. Bust of Todd. Rev. The arms, crest, and supporters of King's
College, London. 3-0. JR.

Numismatic Society.

Bust of John Lee, F.R.S. (first President). Rev. Inscription spaced on the
field. 1-75. JE.

Numismatic Society.

Jubilee Medal, 1887. Bust of John Evans, F.R.S. Rev. Inscription within an
olive wreath, and around. 2-2G. JR. (Another copy in bronze.)

Royal Astronomical Society.

Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. Bust of Newton. Rev. Herschel's
telescope. 1«9. JR.

This medal was ordered to be struck when the Society received its Royal Charter of
Incorporation in 1831, it replacing an earlier type. The first impression was issued in
1834. It is struck in gold, and awarded annually or otherwise, as the Council
determines.

Royal College of Science.

Bust of Huxley. Rev. A draped female representing the Progress of Science.
Behind an altar and a tree ; in the background the facade of the Royal College of Science. -
2-5. JR.

Memorial medal awarded by the Royal College of Science.

The Society also possesses a silvered electrotype of the obverse, and a cast in bronze,
replicas of the original model.

Royal Exchange.

Medal struck to commemorate the laying of the first stone of the Royal Exchange.
Bust of Queen Victoria [Patron]. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field. (17 JANUARY
1842). 1-78. M.

Royal Society.

Murhaiian Medal. Head of Sir George Buchanan, F.R.S. Rev. Hygeia, daughter
of Aesculapius, and goddess of health, attended by a maiden. Behind, a flying figure
carrying a scythe representing the angel of death. Below, the prone figure of a
man. ~1- 1 J. *:. (For an account of this medal see pp. 175, 216.)

r MEDALS _.,„•(

mdon. Royal Society.

Copley Medal. Athena, seated amidst emblems of her own attribute*, and of the
arts and sciences, holds out in the right hand a wreath ; in ).<-r left arm is the Bphenan
Artemis ; on her breast the head of Medusa ; near her the armorial nhield of Sir
Godfrey Copley, F.R.S. Rev. The armorial shield of the Royal Society, with crert
and supporters. 1-7. JK.

On the obverse of this specimen is inscribed, in the exergue, CAROLO LTKLL HU : 1858.
(For an account of this medal see pp. 174, 210.)

Royal Society.
Copley Medal. Another copy, but without exergual inscription. 1«7. m.

Royal Society.

Darwin Medal. Bust of Darwin. Rev. Within a wreath, composed of the leaves
and flowers of plants identified with Darwin's researches, the inscription CABOLVS
DARWIN between the dates MDCCCIX and MDCCCLXXXII. 2-25. JR. (For an account of
this medal see pp. 177, 215.)

Royal Society.

Davy Medal. Bust of Sir Humphry Davy, F.R.S. Rev. Inscription spaced on the
field. 2-98. M. (For an account of the Davy Medal see pp. 177, 215.)

Royal Society.

Davy Medal. Another copy, inscribed ROBERT WILHELM BUNSEN : OUSTAV ROBERT
KIRCHHOFF. Dated 1877. 2-98. M.

Royal Society.

Hughes Medal. Head of David Edward Hughes, F.R.S. Rev. An eagle flying
through space. 2'25. JE. (For an account of this medal see pp. 181, 216.)

Royal Society.

Royal Medal. Bust of Queen Victoria. VICTORIA REGINA soc : REG : LOND :
PATRONA . MDCCCXXXVIII. Rev. A representation of the statue of Sir Isaac Newton, by
Roubiliac, in the Chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge, with on either side devices
illustrative of Newton's discoveries. 2«86. JE.

(For an account of these medals see pp. 186, 193, 213.)

Royal Society.

Rumford Medal. A tripod, surmounted by a flame, with inscription around,
NOSCERE QUM vis ET CAUSSA. Rev. Inscription within an ornamental border of leaves.
3-4. jft. (For an account of this medal see pp. 183, 212.)

This type was discontinued by order of the Council, Jan. 15, 1863, and on the
recommendation of the Master of the Mint. See description below of medal now
awarded.

Royal Society.

Rumford Medal. Head of Rumford. Rev. Inscription within a wreath of oak and
laurel leaves bound with ribbons. 3»4. M.

Royal Society.
Rumford Medal. Another copy. 3-4. M.

264 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

London. Royal Society.

Sylv.-ti-r Medal. Bust of Sylvester. Rev. Inscription within a laurel wreath, tied
below with rihlxm. 3-0. x. (For an account of this medal see pp. 185, 216.)

St. Thomas's Hospital.

Solly Medal. Head of Solly. Rev. Inscription around, and inside on the field.

Statistical Society.

Howard Medal. Bust of Howard. Rev. A sheaf of corn, erect, with inscription
around, and within a border. 3-0. /E.

Malpighi, Marcello, For.Mem.R.S.

Bust of Malpighi. Rev. Within a wreath of oak and laurel, tied below with ribbon,

IT FAMA I'KK OHHKM . 1-86. JE.

Commemorative medal struck in 1897 in connexion with the Malpighi Festival at
Crevalcore, Italy, the birthplace of the distinguished seventeenth-century naturalist,
Marcello Malpighi. The bust is modelled from a medallic portrait executed by Ferdinand
of St. Urbinoin 1691.

Manchester. Literary and Philosophical Society.

Dalton Medal, founded in 1864. Head of John Dalton. Rev. Within a laurel
wreath a sphinx, upon a base and below are three circles, arranged triangle-wise.
2-3. x.

Literary and Philosophical Society.

Wilde Medal, founded in 1895, by Henry Wilde, F.R.S. Bust of Athena, with
attributes. Rev. Inscription within a laurel wreath, spaced on the field. 2-0. JK.

Maryborough, Charles Spencer, Duke of, F.R.S.

Bust of the Duke. Rev. Inscription, DUX DE MARLBOROUGH. .M.DCC.XJJI.

.MI;. M.

Martius, Carl Friedrich Philipp von, For.Mem.R.S.

Bust of Marti us. Rev. Inscription within a border, spaced on the face. 1-9. M.

Milne-Edwards, Henri, For.Mem.R.S.

Bust of Milne- Edwards. Ren. Inscription spaced on the field. 2'65. JE.

Modena. Societii Italiana delle Scienze.

Medal in celel. ration of the centenary of the Society. An eagle upon her nest, with
i ded, the rayed sun above. Rev. Inscription within a circle. 2-22. M.

Moivrc, Abraham dt>, F.R.S.

BUM ot De Mni\ IT. HIT. Inscription within an ornamental border. 2-15. JR.

Montreal. McGill University.

Head of Sir UIH. Newton. Rev. Above, the arms, crest, and motto of the Molson
family. In-rription within an olive wreath, and around. 1«78. JE.

MEDALS •_><;;,

Montreal. McGill University.

Head of Watt. itev. A wreath of maple and rose leaves, with thistle, and roaea.
Inscribed around, IN MEMORY OF THK MKKTIN« OK THK HRITIKH AMOCIATION AT MONTHRAI.
1884. 1-78. JK.

Muratori, Ludovico Antonio, For.Mem.R.S.

Bust of Muratori. Rev. Inscription within a laurel wreath, MI \ MI. 2*16. M.

Newton, Sir Isaac, P.R.S.

Bust of Newton. Rev. Science, witli wings on her head, seated, leans upon a table,
and holds a diagram of the solar system. M.DCC.XXVI. L'-«I i. u.

Bust of Newton. Rev. A representation of Newton's monu-
ment in Westminster Abbey ; on the base, NAT . 1642 . M . 1726. 1-68. JR.

Bust of Newton. Rev. A wreath of flowers enclosing an

inscription. 1-32.

Bust of Newton. Rev. A device of a caduceus, with cornu-

copiae and laurel branch. Inscription, HALFPENNY. 1793. 1-12.

Another copy. Same as preceding, but smaller, and rev.
without caduceus ; the inscription, FARTHING. 1793. 0-88. M.

1-63. M.

Bust of Newton. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field.

Nordenskiold, Adolphus Ericus, Baron.

Bust of Nordenskiold. Rev. The Genius of Science, laureate, holding aloft a lamp
illuminating the north polar region of a globe beneath.

This medal was struck by the Socie'te' des Sciences de Finlande in honour of Baron
Nordenskiold. 2-21. JK.

Papin, Denis, F.R.S.

Bust of Papin. Rev. Inscription spaced on field within wreath of oak leaves. 2-0. JK.

Paris. Societe d'Encouragement pour Tlndustrie Nationale.

Head of Lavoisier. Rev. Inscription in centre, spaced on the field and encircled by
a laurel wreath. 2-0. M.

The example was awarded to Walter Weldon, F.R.S., in 1877.

Societe Medicale d'Emulation de Paris.

Head of Bichat. Rev. The upright staff- of Aesculapius with entwined serpent
M.DCCC.VII. Medalet. M.

Parkes, Edmund Alexander, F.R.S.

Head of Parkes, B . 1819— n . 1876. Rev. Within a laurel wreath, I-AKK^

MEJiORIAL MEDAL. 2-2. JR.

Philadelphia. Numismatic and Antiquarian Society.

Medal struck to commemorate the 21st anniversary of the foundation of the Society.
Bust of Eli K. Price. Rev. The arms, crest, and motto of the Society and inscription
within a border. 1-66. JK.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Piv>l, Johann Svatopluk, and Karl Bofivoj Presl.

Bust-. ophite each other, of K. B. Presl and J. S. Presl. Rev. A branching tree
with inscription around. ;M. .-H.

Pri-twich, Joseph, F.R.S. See London, Geological Society.

Princeton. University.

.Medal struck in celebration of the 150th anniversary of the university. Oltv. The
facade of the university in low relief, and conventional treatment; trees in the
foreground. Below, AVI,A NASSOVH-A .MDCCCXCVI. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field.
3-0. JR.

Pulteney, William, Earl of Bath.

Bust of I'ulteney. Her. Within a wreath of oak, COMES I>E BATH . MDCCXIJV.

Johann E., For.Mem.R.S.

Bust. Rev. Dedicatory inscription to Purkyne, 1868. 1«74. JE.

Quetelet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques, For.Mem.R.S.

Head of Quetelet. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field, MDCCCLX. 1*75. JR.

Rotterdam. Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte.
Medal struck in celebration of the Batavian Society's centenary, 1769-1869. 1-50. JR.

Rumford Medal. See London, Royal Society.

San Francisco. Astronomical Society of the Pacific.

( nniet Medal, founded in 1890. Across field a comet, in relief, and scattered stars.
Rer. Inscription spaced on the field. 2-37. M.

Konigl. Ungarische Berg- und Forst-Akademie.

Medal iii celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Academy, 1770-1870. Bust of
Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary. Rev. Knowledge, laureate, seated, holding lamp
and hook : mountains and town in distance. The arms of Schemnitz. 2-74. M.

Siemens, Sir Charles William, F.R.S. See London, City and Guilds Institute,
and King's College.

Sloam-, Sir Hans, Bart., P.R.S.

Iiii-» of Sir Hans Sloane. Rcr. Inscription, PRASES SOCIETATIS REGIJB LONDINENSIS.
•DOOXUr. iM.l. .«. Another copy. 2-15. JE.

, Sir John, F.R.S.

Bu-t of Suane. Rev. A representation of the elevation of the north-west angle of
the Bank of Kiurland, with an inscription. 2»26. JR.

Solly, S.inuiel, I '.U.S. See London, St. Thomas's Hospital.

I'or.Mem.K.S.
of sta~. //-•/. [nflcriptkm gpmced on tbe field. 2-02. At.

MEDALS 207

Stokes, Sir George Gabriel, Bart., F.R.S.

Bust of Stokes. Rev. Inscription spaced on the field , within a wreath of myrtle, tied
below with ribbon.

Struck in commemoration of the jubilee of Sir G. G. Stokes M Lucaaian Protawr
of Mathematics in the University of Cambridge. 2-5. M.

Stukeley, William, F.R.S.

Head of Stukeley, with wreath of oak leaves. Rev. Representation of Stonehengv.
Cast. 3-32. j&.

Sydney. Royal Society of New South Wales.

Bust of Rev. William Branwhite Clarke, F.R.S. Rev. Within a wreath, competed
of the palms and flowering plants of Australia, TOR RESEARCHES IN NATURAL HCIKNCK.
248. JR.

Bust. Rev. Within a wreath of oak leaves, a Latin inscription recording his tenure
of a professorship in Johns Hopkins University for seven years from 1876 to 1 883. 2-52. JB.

Sylvester, James Joseph, F.R.S.

of

IIS

See London, Royal Society.

Thiersch, Friedrich von.

Bust of Thiersch, born June 14, 1784, died February 25, 1855. Rev. Inscription
within an ornamental border. 1-89. JE.

Thomsen, Julius, For.Mem.R.S.

Bust of Thomsen (Professor of Chemistry in the University of Copenhagen), 1826-96.
2-28. M.

Tiedemann, Friedrich, For.Mem.R.S.

Bust of Tiedemann. Rev. A star-fish, with inscription. 1-76. JR.

Todd, Robert Bentley, F.R.S. See London, King's College.

Upsala. Universitet.

Medal struck in celebration of the 400th anniversary of the University. Head of
Oscar II of Sweden and Norway. Rev. The Genius of Upsala, laureate, seated, holding
aloft the lamp of knowledge. On the left of the figure emblems of the arts ; above,
the pole star casts its rays. In the field a flying bat. Inscription, EX TKNKBRIS

PER UMBRAS AD LUCEM. 2-22. X.

Virchow, Rudolf, For.Mem.R.S.

Medallion cast in honour of Prof. Virchow on the occasion of his 70th birthday.
Bust of Virchow. Rev. Anatomy seated, and Science winged. Cast. 7x7. A.

Voltaire, Marie Francois A. de, For.Mem.R.S.

Head of Voltaire. Rev. Inscription spaced on field, within wreath of oak leaves.
2-0. x.

Wales, Frederick, Prince of, F.R.S.

Bust of the Prince. Rev. Two genii, among clouds, supporting the Prince's
coronet, with plumes and motto. 2-15. JE.

2<;s RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Watt, .luim-s KR.S.

Bu-t of Watt. 1736-1819. /tet>. Representation of a steam engine, with sun and
plam-t motion, ami inscription below, STKAM KNGINK AS CONSTRUCTED BY JAMES WATT.

i.«»;.

_ Head of Watt. On truncation, A. j. STOTHARD. ; below, F. L.
, 1 1 \ M it KY. u. A. i). /•'«•»•. Clio, in almost upright position, leaning against low pillar, on
uliirh n-t< lu-r left hand, with scroll, bearing legend, TO GREAT MEN; in right hand
a pen. '2-W. x.

— See also Montreal, McGill University.

Whitworth, Sir Joseph, Bart., F.R.S.

Bust of Whitworth. Rev. A representation of Whitworth's measuring machine.
Inscription above. 2-2G. JK.

Wisconsin. University.

Medal (rectangular) struck in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the University.
View, in low relief, of the University. Rev. A youth, bearing a torch. Legend, NVMEN
I.VMKN. 245. x 1»85. x.

Wollaston, William Hyde, F.R.S. See London, Geological Society.

Wray, Daniel, F.R.S.

Bust of Wray. Rev. Inscription, NIL ACTVM REPVTANS CVM QVID SVPERESSET AGENDVM.
2-7. x.

Wren, Sir Christopher, P.R.S.

Bust of Wren. Rev. The West front of St. Paul's Cathedral. 3-92. M.

Wurtz, Charles Adolphe, For.Mem.R.S.

Bust of Wurtz. Rev. A winged figure holding a palm branch ; at foot, chemical
apparatus. 2-74. M.

CHAPTER IX

THE COMMITTEES OF THE ROYAL SOCHI v^

FROM the beginning of its history the Royal Society has found it necessary
to carry on its scientific work by means of Committees of its mrinhen. To
each of these Committees some special branch of the work is entrusted and
they report the result of their deliberations and inquiries to the President and
Council, who consider their reports and where necessary decide on the course of
action to be followed. Reference was made in Chapter I of this volume to
some of the Committees that were organized in the early years of the Society's
existence (see in particular pp. 35, 36). It may be of interest to put on record
in this place some account of the various Committees which are now in opera-
tion, as an indication of the wide range of scientific investigation and official
duty which comes within the scope of the Society's activity and the manner in
which its organization is dealt with.

Some of the Committees are entrusted with the supervision of matters which
are continually in progress from year to year ; others are appointed for tem-
porary purposes. There is thus a convenient subdivision of them into Standing
and Occasional Committees. But in all cases they are only appointed for one
year, being reappointed by each new Council, which decides whether to continue
or change the composition of their membership. In some cases a Committee,
at first appointed only for a temporary purpose, may by the continuance of
the inquiries with which it was entrusted, be prolonged for an indefinite
period.

SECTIONAL COMMITTEES.

These form an important group of the Standing Committees. They act as
referees and advisers to the President and Council in the several departments
of Natural Knowledge. To them are referred questions relating to the
acceptance or publication of papers in the ' Transactions ' or * Proceedings \ to
the selection of Croonian and Bakerian Lecturers, and to other matters in regard
to which their opinions are of authority. They consist entirely of Fellows of
the Society and are chosen with a view to secure, so far as is possible, a repre-
sentation of each branch of science, and to obtain the assistance of Fellows
who, from their connexion with other societies, or otherwise, are specially
qualified to advise the Council in respect to particular subjects. They are at
present six in number, and their titles and scope of subjects are as follows :

1. Mathematics Committee for Mathematics, Mathematical Physics, Crystal-

•J7(> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

lography, and Mathematical Astronomy : consists of six members, of whom
two retire each year, three forming a quorum.

Physic- and Chemistry Committee for Experimental Physics, Observa-
tional Astronomy, Meteorology, Chemistry, and Metallurgy : consists of twelve
ineinber>, of whom four retire each year, five being a quorum.

Geology Committee for Geology, Palaeontology, Mineralogy, and
Geography : consists of nine members, of whom three retire each year, and four
are a quorum.

4. Botany Committee for Botany : consists of nine members, of whom three
retire each year, with four as a quorum.

5. Zoology Committee for Zoology and Comparative Anatomy : consists of
nine members, of whom three retire each year, and four make a quorum.

6. Physiology Committee for Animal Physiology and Medical Subjects:
consists of twelve members, of whom four retire annually, and five are
a quorum.

Kach of these Committees is presided over by a Chairman who is each year
appointed by the Council, and is the channel of communication between the
Committee and the Council or Officers. The retirement of the members of the
Committees is determined by seniority and takes place automatically on the
31st December of each year.

OTHER STANDING AND OCCASIONAL COMMITTEES.

Antarctic Meteorological Observations Committee. This Committee was
appointed in connexion with the National Antarctic Expedition of 1900-1904
with the view of assisting the observers of that expedition in the preparation
and publication of their results. It has been continued as the publication is
still incomplete, but the whole will it is expected be issued this summer

Catalogue of Scientific Papers Committee appointed to supervise the execu-
t ion and completion of the Society's Catalogue of the scientific papers published
during the nineteenth century, of which an account is given in Chapter X.

* ( 'haUenger ' Reports Committee. A small Committee consisting of

naturalists who are consulted by correspondence as to whether and how far

applications from institutions and individuals at home, in the colonies, and

abroad for copies of the various volumes of the results of the 'Challenger'

iition should be complied with.

J"infinee Cnmmittee, of which the Treasurer is Chairman, is appointed for
tin- purpose of consulting generally as to the investments and expenditure of
I advising the Council thereon.

fiV/.v.v//)/ Committee was originally appointed for the purpose of supervising

t he work of the Kew ( )b*ervatory. It now considers the work of the meteoro-

1 and magnetic observatories with which the Royal Society is connected,

and admi be (iavsiot and other Trust Funds which are applicable

COMMITTEES OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 171

to their maintenance. The history and present constitution of this Com.:
will be found stated on p. 179.

Glass-worker,? Cataract Committee was appointed at the request of the
Home Office to investigate the disease of the eyes known as « Glass-workers'
Cataract', with the view of ascertaining its nature and cause and discovering
if. possible some means of prevention or cure. The researches of this Comn .
are still in progress.

Indian Government Advisory Committee. This Committee was appointed in
1899, at the request of the Secretary of State for India, to advise the Govern-
ment of India on matters connected with scientific inquiry in that empin ;
and, by further request from the Secretary of State in October 1902, it was
continued as a Standing Committee. The annual reports and programme
of work of the Board of Scientific Advice in India are submitted to thi>
Committee, and its opinion is invited by the Secretary of State on ma
which arise therefrom.

International Association of Academies Committee was instituted for the pur-
pose of co-operating with the academies of other countries in the international
scientific matters which constitute the business of the Association, and particu-
larly in regard to matters which on the part of this country should be brought
before the Association or respecting which the action of the British delegates
should be decided in advance.

International Catalogue Committee. This Committee was originally
appointed to initiate and promote the arrangements whereby the work of
preparing a Catalogue of Scientific Literature, which the Royal Society had
undertaken to complete for the nineteenth century, should be thereafter taken
over and continued by international co-operation, as related in Chapter XI
(p. 294). Its chief function now is to prepare for the meetings of the Conven-
tion of the Catalogue which take place in London every five years and
are attended by delegates from the different countries that subsidize the
Catalogue.

Joint Permanent Eclipse Committee, consisting of eleven Fellows of the Royal
Society and eleven representatives of the Royal Astronomical Society, who
decide upon and supervise the expeditions which from time to time are
dispatched to different parts of the world for the purpose of observing solar
eclipses.

Library Committee, appointed for looking after the proper upkeep and
administration of the library, with authority to expend each year without
further reference a sum not exceeding £250 in the purchase of books and not
more than ,^150 in the binding of books belonging to the Society.

Observatories Committee. This Committee was appointed in July 1897 in
the place of a previously existing Committee known as the Indian Observa-
tories Committee, which had been nominated by the President of the Society
in May 1885 at the request of the Astronomer Royal and with the approval

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

of the Secretary of State for India, ' for ensuring the continued efficiency of the

Madras and Bombay Observatories,' but which had not been regarded as a

the Royal Society. The existing Committee discusses the

reports and >chemes of work of the Imperial Observatories in India, and

advi^-s the Secretary of State upon them and generally with regard to the

fixation of Astronomical and Meteorological Observations in that empire.

Its functions, however, are not in terms limited to the consideration of Indian

question*,

Scientific Relief Committee, appointed for the purpose of administering
privately the Scientific Relief Fund which has been formed with the object of
aiding such scientific men, or their families, as may through misfortune have
In-come in need of pecuniary assistance. The Committee consists of ten Fellows
each serving for five years and two retiring annually. Each application for a
grant from this Fund must come from the President of one of certain specified
scientific societies and may be made in regard to any deserving man of science,
whether connected with the Royal Society or not. A short sketch of the
history of the Fund is given at p. 183, and the regulations in force for the
administration of the Fund will be found in the Year-Book.

Seismology Committee. This Committee was appointed in July 1902 to
consider and advise on the question, referred to the Council by H.M. Govern-
ment, of the participation of Great Britain in an International Organization
of Seismologies] Observations. It has since been continued for the purpose of
taking general cognizance of this department of science and promoting the co-
ordination of the work of the various agencies concerned in it.

So'in'c Committee appointed for the purpose of arranging the invitations to
oirees and dinners of the Society and deciding upon the exhibits to be
>hown at the soirees.

Solar Research Committee, appointed in December 1904 as a Standing
Committee in response to an invitation from an International Solar Conference
held at St. Louis, U.S., in that year, advises the Council on questions arising
from time to time in connexion with the triennial meetings and the work of
the International Union for Solar Research, such as the establishment and
equipment of stations for solar observations in various parts of the world, and
MM- co-ordination of their work.

Sorhij Keticatrli Fund Committee, appointed to administer an endowment left
I >y Hen i • v ( ' I i f t ( > n Sorby for the promotion of original scientific research. The
composition of the Committee and other particulars connected with the Fund
it p. 184.

'/'rojiiriil Diseases Committee. This Committee dates its origin from the

lf i()" <>f ' ! I'ly < 'ommitt.ee in 1896. It was formed at the request

of the Colonial Oil rsult of the consideration by the Royal Society of

. jor Bnice on the Tsetse fiy disease in Zululand to the Governor

ital and Xululand in December 1H95 and forwarded to the Royal Society.

COMMITTEES OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 278

The Committee superintended the prosecution of researches into the causation
of this malady for some years. In July 1898 in response to a request from
the Right Honourable Joseph Chamberlain, Secretary of State for the Colonies,
the President and Council appointed a Committee to confer with the Colonial
Office regarding researches into Malaria in Africa ; this Committee was known
as the Malaria Committee and for several years superintended researches carried
out by a number of observers both in Africa and India. The conclusions
arrived at were published in a series of Malaria Reports i>Mu -<1 by the Sex
In 1902 the Tsetse Fly Committee and the Malaria Committee were amalga-
mated under the name of the Tropical Diseases Committee, and subsequently
to that date a number of important researches into the causation of Sleeping
Sickness and of Mediterranean Fever were carried out under the control of
the Committee with the aid of funds provided by the Colonial Office and
Treasury. The results of these investigations have been from time to time
published in the ' Reports of the Sleeping Sickness Commission of the Royal
Society ' and the ' Reports of the Mediterranean Fever Commission '.

Tyndall Mining Bequest Committee, appointed to administer the bequest
of which the particulars are stated at p. 185.

T

CHAPTER X

THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Tin principal scientific publications of the Society of a serial character are
•Philosophical Transactions' (4to) and the 'Proceedings' (8vo). There
n published annually 'The Year-Book of the Royal Society', and at

intervals 'The Record of the Royal Society', of which the present volume is
•hird issue. The 'Catalogue of Scientific Papers' for the Nineteenth

( Vntury, which has been in course of publication in a long series of volumes

-hue 1S(>7, is now approaching completion (p. 275).

THE 'PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS'.
Some account of the origin of the ' Philosophical Transactions ' has already

in ven (pp. 39, 161). The original form, initiated in 1665, was in small
(jiiarto with the title 'Philosophical Transactions: giving some Accompt of
the present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours of the Ingenious in many
considerable parts of the world '. In 1792, in the 82nd volume, a larger quarto

introduced, which has been continued down to the present time. From
1887 the 'Transactions', beginning with volume 178. have been divided into
two series: Series A, containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical
chanu-tiT, now in volume 212; and Series B, containing Papers of a Biological

ictcr, now in volume 202. The individual papers which they comprise
have also since 1875 been published separately and placed on sale to the
public. The Council in 1906 enacted regulations for the sale at reduced rates
of series of past volumes, which are advertised from time to time in the
Proceedings. The early volumes are now difficult to procure. Eighteen
volumes of an abridgement of the Philosophical Transactions up to 1800

prepared by Hutton, Shaw, and Pearson in 1809.

Tin: 'PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY'.

At a meeting of Council on May 10, 1832, it was 'Resolved — That the
printing of the Abstracts of such papers as have been printed in the
"Philosophical Transactions" from the year 1800 inclusive be proceeded in;
and that the Treasurer and Secretaries be requested to superintend the
printing of the Abstracts'. The first volume of these Abstracts, comprising
tin- years 1SOO to 1814, was published the same year, and the Abstracts for
the \ears 1H1 5 to ]«30 in the year following.

Up to this point the series presents merely a collection of abstracts,

i in the order of the full papers as they had been issued in the

'Philosophical Transactions'; but with the third volume a new system was

adopted, the Abftoacta being arranged under meetings and following the order

in wl

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIKTY 275

which the papers were read, the report of each meeting being headed hv
a brief account of the business which preceded the reading of the papers. The
4 short title', in fact, Incomes from this time onwards ' Proceedings of the Km.il
Society'; but the title-page still stands 'Abstracts of the Papers print,, I jn
the Philosophical Transactions ', a description which is not ^trutlv accurate,
since, even so early in the series as the third volume, many Abstracts were
published of papers which never appeared in the ' Philosophical Transaction .

With the seventh volume (1854-5), a still further change began. ]U
papers were published in full in this and the subsequent volumes which woe
not published in the 'Philosophical Transactions" at all. These papers were
for many years only the briefer or less important communications, the more
bulky or more valuable papers being reserved for the quarto form. In time
even this distinction became less marked, some papers of great importance
appearing only in the ' Proceedings '. In this connexion, it may be noted that
the Statute (Chap. Ill, Stat. V), which stands in the edition of 1871 and
previous editions, privileging « All who have become Fellows of the Society
after December the llth, 1834, and who have contributed a paper, which has
been printed in the " Philosophical Transactions " ' to compound for their
annual contributions for the sum of Forty Pounds, instead of Sixty Pound-,
disappears in the next edition ; and in the year 1887 a further remnant of the
distinction is effaced by the removal from the List of Fellows of the marginal
letter P, which had hitherto been placed against the names of those Fellows
who had contributed a paper to the ' Philosophical Transactions '.

The bulk of the 'Proceedings' increased so much that in 1904 the Society
determined to divide them into two series : (A) Mathematical and Physical
Papers and (B) Biological Papers; and at the same time the page was
enlarged into royal octavo form. The last volume (75) of the original series
is made up of a collection of Obituary Notices of Fellows deceased, which had
previously been issued from time to time as a separate publication. The new
series, beginning in 1905 with volume 76 in each division, has now in 1912
reached volume 86 in the Mathematical and Physical Series and volume 85 in
the Biological Series.

'CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS.'1

The Royal Society's ' Catalogue of Scientific Papers ' is the outcome of a
movement which dates back more than half a century. At the Glasgow
meeting of the British Association which was held in 1855, a communication
from Professor Henry, of Washington, was read, ' containing a proposal for
the publication of [a catalogue of] philosophical memoirs scattered throughout
the Transactions of Societies in Europe and America, with the offer of
co-operation on the part of the Smithsonian Institute.' This proposal was
referred to a committee consisting of Mr. Cayley, Mr. Grant, and Professor

1 Reprinted in part from 'Nature', vol. 45, p. 338.
T 2

276 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

(afterward- Sir George Gabriel) Stokes ; and their report was presented next

lUnhnin meeting of the Association. The scheme set forth in

B that of a catalogue embracing only the mathematical and

il sciences, but comprising a subject catalogue as well as a catalogue

ling to the names of authors. There were to be paid editors, 'familiar

uith pa] ^vat branches respectively of the sciences to which the

catalogue relates/ and the work was to include, besides Transactions and

Societies, journals, ephemerides, volumes of observations, and

'other collections not coming under any of the preceding heads'.

In thi> form the scheme came before the Royal Society in March 1857,
nd Sabine having requested, on the part of the British Association, the
co-operation of the Society in the undertaking. The scheme, after discussion,
narrowed to a manuscript catalogue, the question of printing being
deterred ; it was to be a catalogue of periodical works in the Royal Society's
library only: the suggested American co-operation, moreover, was dispensed
with, and the work was undertaken at the Society's own charge. In one impor-
tant respect, however, the scheme was greatly widened; for the idea of confining
the catalogue to the mathematical and physical sciences, which had been put
forward in the report to the British Association, was abandoned, and it was
decided 'that all the sciences should be comprehended'. The tentative
n-trictions were, of course, finally relaxed. It was resolved to extend the
indexing to works contained in other libraries but not in the library of the
Hoyal Society ; and in 1864, when the question of printing had to be deter-
mined, it was decided to offer the Catalogue to Government for publication.
The cost to the Society of compiling the material for the first series of the
logue was considerable, and many of the Fellows had spent no small
amount of time, not only in superintending the progress of the work at home,
but in corresponding with Academies abroad, with the view of making the list
rials to be catalogued as complete as might be. It was therefore with
good reason that the Lords of the Treasury, in resolving to print the Catalogue
at the public expense, stated that they had regard 'to the importance of the
uork, with reference to the promotion of scientific knowledge generally, to the
high authority of the source from which it comes, and to the labour gratuitously
given by members of the Royal Society for its production'. The printing of
this first series of the Catalogue, covering the scientific serials from the year
1800 to 1863, was commenced by the Stationery Office in 1866, seven Fellows
of the Royal Society undertaking to read the proof-sheets gratuitously. The
and la-t volumes of the series, completing the alphabet, were issued
in 1H7X>.

additional decade of serials, embracing the years 1864-73, containing

about 1M ),()()() title*, and filling two additional .quarto volumes (vols. 7 and 8),

I in January 1876, and published by Her Majesty's Stationery

Office in 1S71). Hut a difficulty now arose from the fact that the Treasury

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 277

I informed the Society that the «« Catalogue of Scientific Papers" would not be
continued as a publication of the Stationery Office". PteifeiMBl voted, how-
I'ver, a gift towards the charges of publication, and a ,, r this gift,

supplemented by the Royal Society's own funds, was devoted to the issue of
vol. 9, which the Cambridge University Press, aided by a subsidy from the
Society, published in 1891. The question how to meet the expense
volumes was, however, still an unsolved problem until in December 1892
Dr. Ludwig Mond, F.R.S., made the Society the handsome donation of jP2,000
to assist in carrying on the Catalogue and Index. Partly by aid of this gift,
vol. 10 was published in 1894, and vol. 11, completing the decade 1874-83 in
1896.

In addition to the foregoing volumes, the President and Council in 1902
issued a supplementary volume, in which were catalogued all the most impor-
tant papers that appeared from 1800 to 1883 in periodicals not hitherto indexed.

The question of a Subject Catalogue had been often considered, and the
Society at an early stage had embarked on a Subject Index to the main Catalogue
arranged under names of authors. The preliminary preparation of the copy,
involving the reduction of all the titles to one language, and the scheme of
classification, were long under consideration. A portion of Dr. Ludwig
Mend's gift, which has been mentioned above, was devoted to this branch of
the work; and in June 1894 he supplemented this important aid by the
still more munificent promise to contribute one-half of the total expenditure
upon the Index in excess of that portion of his former gift already devoted
to this purpose, provided the Society or others were willing to contribute
the remainder of the cost (see p. 197). By this means it was hoped that the
Index to the Catalogue would in due time become an accomplished fact, and
that thus the whole series from 1800 to 1900, under Authors and Subjects,
would be completed. The President and Council had thus virtually under-
taken to complete this Catalogue up to the end of the nineteenth century,
from which date its purpose is continued by the International Catalogue of
Scientific Literature elsewhere referred to (p. 294).

The expense of this work, arising from the enormous increase in scientific
publications during the latter part of the century, would have been beyond
the unaided financial resources of the Royal Society. The task could not
have been contemplated, notwithstanding the great amount of time
ungrudgingly given to helping on the undertaking by many of the
Fellows and others, had it not been for the liberal donations received
from several sources, especially from Dr. Ludwig Mond. It is esti-
mated that the completion of the Catalogue of Authors will entail at least
eight additional volumes closely printed in quarto ; while the indexes for the
seventeen sciences in the scheme of classification adopted in the International
Catalogue, extending over the nineteenth century, will amount to not less
than thirty volumes royal octavo.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Tlu- material for the entries in the main Catalogue according to Authors

h;l, no* hivii almost completely collected. This has involved the indexing of

mala and Transactions ; and the accumulation of about 800,000

titles for tlu> Indexes for the century, and about 413,000 titles for the

Ining portion for the years 1883-1900 of the Catalogue of Authors.
Tin- titles in the Catalogue so far as already published number about 390,000.
While the collection of this material was going on, the Index volumes for Pure
Mathematics and Mechanics were prepared and have been published, while

Index for Phvsics, which will appear in two volumes, is now going
through the pros. It is intended to go to press with the completion of the
main Catalogue according to Authors in the autumn of 1912. In the matter
of the printing and publication of tjie Catalogue, the Royal Society has
^ectired the very efficient collaboration of the Cambridge University Press,
\\ho have undertaken to bear the responsibility for the expenses incurred.

THE YEAR-BOOK.

This volume is published annually as early in the year as may be practic-
able. It is intended to provide the Fellows with a convenient compendium
of information regarding the membership and various activities of the Society.
It contains a brief Calendar of the chief fixed dates of the Society's meetings,
of the Fellows and Foreign Members with their addresses, of the
Committees and Boards, of the Statutes and Standing Orders, regulations
i ling Medals, Funds, and other matters, the Report of the Council for the
ding \ear, with a full statement of the income and expenditure and the
condition of the Society's finances, the progress and state of the Society at the
time, a list of the grants made from the Donation Fund, the accounts of the
International Catalogue and of the National Physical Laboratory, the minutes
of the ordinary meetings of the Society for the foregoing year, and other details.

( )( r ASIOXAL PUBLICATIONS.

I Yom time to time the Royal Society has undertaken the publication, in

ite form, of scientific memoirs which were regarded as important but

which were not suited for the pages of the ' Philosophical Transactions '. A list

of some of those issued in the early years of the Society's history has been

given in Chapter I of this volume (p. 40). A corresponding list of some of

the more important publications of this kind since the middle of the last

iry is here presented.

Principles of Observational Seismology, being an account and
discussion of the Great Neapolitan Earthquake of 1857.' By Robert
Mallet, C.E., F.ll.S. 2 vols. 8vo. London 1862.
'Observations <,f the International Polar Expeditions 1882-3.— Fort Rae.'

4to. IHHfi.
4 The Eruption of Krakatoa and subsequent Phenomena.' 4to. 1888.

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY 279

A Monograph on the Horny Sponges/ By R. von LendiMift-lcl. 4to. 1899.'
Magnetic and Meteorological Observations made by the *• Sou them Cross*

Antarctic Expedition, 1898-1900.' 4to.
Reports to the Malaria Committee of the Royal Society/ 8vo. 8 Reports.

1900-3.
Reports to the Evolution Committee of the Royal Society.' 5 Report*.

1902-9.
Reports of the Commission on Mediterranean Fever/ 8vo. 7 Reports.

1905-7.
Reports of the Sleeping Sickness Commission of the Royal Society."* Demy

8vo. 1903-11. Nos. 1-11 (still in progress).
The Atoll of Funafuti : Borings into a Coral Reef and the Results."1 1903.

4to.
The Sub-mechanics of the Universe."* By Osborne Reynolds, F.R.S.

Large 8vo. 1903.
Report on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar.' By W. A.

Herdman, F.R.S. With Supplementary Reports by other Naturalists

upon the Marine Biology. 4to. 5 vols. 1903-6.
; Report of a Magnetic Survey of South Africa.' By J. C. Beattie, D.Sc.

4to. 1909.
' Catalogue of a Collection of Early Printed Books in the Library of the

Royal Society.' (Non-scientific books and tracts mainly belonging to

« Norfolk Collection '.) Crown 4to (see ante, pp. 194, 233, 234).
• National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904, Reports on Meteorology,

Physics, and Magnetism.' 3 vols. 4to. 1908- . Also Album of Photo-
graphs and Sketches illustrative of the Expedition. 1 vol. 4to, with

portfolio. 1908. A final volume on the Meteorology is approaching

completion.

CHAPTER XI

GRANTS AND COMMITTEES WHICH THE ROYAL SOCIETY
CONTROLS OR ADMINISTERS, AND INSTITUTIONS ON THE
(iOXKKMNG BODIES OF WHICH IT IS REPRESENTED

( )\\ ixc to its age and the position which it has long held among the scientific
institutions of the country, the Royal Society has been called upon to under-
take' many duties outside of the sphere of its own more immediate activities.
In some cases it has been invited to be represented on the Boards of Electors to
Chairs in the Universities or on the Governing Bodies of the Public Schools.
In others, it has been entrusted with the general control of important public
institutions. The Society has likewise been frequently consulted by the
Government of the day in regard to matters of scientific concern, and has been
requested to undertake physiological and pathological investigations, some of
which have continued for years and have involved the sending out of com-
missions of inquiry and research to tropical regions. The following list will
show the varied character of these external duties which are at present dis-
charged by the Society.

I. GOVERNMENT GRANT FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS.

For the origin of the annual Parliamentary Grant for 'scientific investi-
gations' it is necessary to go back to the year 1849. On November 16 of
that year, a letter addressed confidentially by Lord John Russell to the Earl
of Kosse was read to the Council, together with the draft of Lord Rosse's
reply, and on December 20 a Committee, consisting of the Lord Chief Baron,
Professor Owen, Sir Roderick Murchison, Dr. Miller, and the officers, was
appointed 'to consider and report to the Council respecting the application
of the proposed Grant by Her Majesty's Government for the promotion of
ifir inquiries". This Committee presented their Report to the Council
on Marcli 7, 1K50, reconi mending that —

v First, and chiefly, the Grant be awarded in aid of private individual scientific
investigation.

'lly, in aid of the calculation and scientific reduction of masses of
accumulate. 1 observations.

'Thirdly, in aid of astronomical, meteorological, and other observations,
which may he assisted by the purchase and employment of new
instruments,

GRANT FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS 281

'Fourthly, and subordinately to the purposes above named, in aid of such
other scientific objects as may, from time to time, appear to be of
sufficient interest, although not coming under any of the foregoing
heads.1

The Report, from which the foregoing sentences are quoted, was adopted
and a ' Committee of Recommendations ' appointed.

The sum granted by the Government and administered by that Committee
was ,£1,000. On January 6, 1851, Lord John Russell wrote to the President
informing him that he should 'set apart one thousand pounds, from the fund
for Special Service, to be applied by the Council of the Royal Society in the
same manner as the Grant made for scientific purposes last year\ The same
sum was granted in 1852, 1853, and 1854, but, upon the President applying
in 1855 'for the annual Grant of .£1,000', he was informed by a letter from
H.M. Treasury that these Grants were special, and that the limited amount of
the fund from which they had been made would not admit of 'an annual
Grant to the Royal Society ', but it was suggested that a Parliamentary vote
for the amount of the Grant might be taken.

In their reply the Council, while accepting the latter suggestion, empha.si/< I
the fact that the Government Grant was not ' a grant to the Royal Society \
but ' a contribution on the part of the nation towards the promotion of science
generally in the United Kingdom ', and that the Council regarded themselves
' as Trustees of the Grant, and accountable to the public for its due adminis-
tration as long as it should be continued '.

From that time to the year 1881 the sum of ,£1,000 was annually voted by
Parliament for the promotion of science in the United Kingdom, and was
administered by the Council of the Society upon the advice of a Committee
consisting of the Members of the Council, twenty-one Fellows not members of
the Council, and the Presidents of the Chemical, Geological, Linnean, and
Royal Astronomical Societies (Council Minutes, Jan. 27, 1859). This Com-
mittee was at first appointed triennially, but after 1862 annually.

In July 1856 the attention of the Council was called to a motion which
had been made in the House of Commons for the appointment of a Committee
to consider the question, whether any measures could be adopted by the
Government or Parliament that would improve the position of science or its
cultivators in this country, and it was agreed that as the appointment of the
Committee had been deferred until the next Session of Parliament with a view
of permitting the question to be meanwhile maturely considered by scientific
men, it was expedient that the subject should receive the early attention of the
Council. The Government Grant Committee were, therefore, requested to
draw up a Report containing such suggestions as might occur to them, and
present it to the Council after the recess.

This Report was presented on January 15, 1857, and contained numerous
suggestions, one of which was 'That the sum placed at the disposal of the

KKCOH1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

: Society tor the advancement of science be not necessarily limited to the

annual Grant of ±'1,000, when on any occasion special reasons maybe assigned

iitional sum'. No such increase of the Grant was made, however,

until nearly twenty years later, when (on April 29, 1876) a letter was received

from tin- Lord President of the Council proposing 'that further aid should be

flch by according permission to the Government Grant Committee

ommend in certain cases the payment of personal allowances to gentlemen

during tin- time they are engaged in their investigations ; that a sum of ^5,000,

including the above-mentioned ^1,000, should be taken annually; that the

i Society should be invited to aid Her Majesty's Government with their

advice and a.-istance in its appropriation and expenditure, and as to the sums

to In granted in each ease, reporting annually to the Lords of the Committee

of Council on Kducation on the progress made and the desirability or non-

(K-iial)ilitv of renewing the Grant; and that this experiment should be tried

for li The Lord President further proposed that ' the administration

and expenditure of the Grant, and accountability for it, should be vested in the

Science and Art Department, that all instruments purchased for investigations

should be left in its charge when no longer required ', and that the presidents

of certain societies * should be ex-afficio members of the Government Grant

Committee '.

After M>me correspondence, it was finally agreed that the Grant of ^1,000
>hould remain as before, and that a vote of ^4,000 should be taken on the
conditions expressed in the Lord President's letter. For five years these two
( irant> ran concurrently, the Grant of ,£1,000 being known as ' The Government
Grant \ and the Grant of =£4,000 as 'The Government Fund'.

Four Sub-Committees were appointed to consider applications and report
upon them to the General Committee, namely : A. Mathematics, Physics,
and Astronomy. B. Biology. C. Chemistry. D. General Purposes.

The General Committee, which was now called the Government Fund

Committee, \\as constituted in the same way as before, with the addition of

al more r,/-o///r/o members, the Presidents of the following societies

forming the c>i-offici<> list: The Royal Society of Edinburgh, Royal Irish

lin i\, Royal Astronomical Society, Mathematical Society, Chemical

Limirati Society, Zoological Society, Geological Society, Physical

ty, Institution of Civil Engineers, Institute of Mechanical Engineers,

:al Council of Medical Education, Royal College of Physicians, Royal

College of Surgeons, and the British Association. It was further agreed on

: , that the Royal Society of Edinburgh and the Royal Irish

Academy should each send an additional representative besides the President.

Committee, thus co intituled, reported to the Council, with whom lay the

final decision upon the recommendations.

On .January 1 1, 1*77, the Council received and adopted a code of Regulations
which had been drawn up by the General Purposes Sub-Committee. To these

GRANT FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS 288

the Council, on their own initiative, added tin- fu.th.r Rule:
proposition or application involving a Grant to an existing Mm ,!*.,• o(
Committee be entertained/ At the next meeting it was reported that two
Members of the Government Fund Committee had resigned their aeats, a* they
intended to make applications; and that as one of them was an cx-qfficio
Member, the Education Department had been consulted as to the manner in
which the Lords of the Committee of Council on Education would \\Mi th«-
place of a Member ex-officio who resigned to be supplied.

The Secretary of the Department, in reply, while indicating the way in
which this should be done, stated that their Lordships trusted that this self-
denying ordinance had not been adopted under any misapprehension of tin it-
own views or wishes. 'They desire, it may be clearly understood, that tlu-\
had no wish to impose such a rule as that stated in your letter. On tin-
contrary — while fully appreciating the motives which probably induced the
Royal Society to impose it — they cannot but express the regret which they
would feel if it should lead to the loss of the services of some of the most
active and distinguished men of science in aid of the distribution of a Grant
which, being of a new and tentative character, peculiarly requires the support
of those in whose judgement and knowledge the country would place the
greatest reliance.' The rule in question was not, however, at that time
reversed.

The assignments recommended were each year submitted to the Science and
Art Department for approval, and the question of the nature of the vouchers
to be rendered having been raised, it was decided that 'the receipt of the
gentlemen to whom the payments are made will be accepted as a sufficient
voucher, without receipts for all the details of the expenditure \

In the following year (1878) a difficulty began to be experienced by the
Department in ascertaining when the investigations were completed, and when
the instruments used in the investigations should be called in, and a letter
was addressed to the Royal Society upon the subject. A circular was in
consequence drawn up by the Society, requesting all who had received Grants
to give account of their instruments, and the information thus obtained was
communicated to the Department. The process of obtaining full and accurate
account of instruments, and the question of when to call them in, have always
been matters of some difficulty, which of late have been somewhat more
successfully met by an annual return, which every grantee is required to
make.

The Fund of ^4,000 a year (which had hitherto run concurrently with the
Government Grant of ^1,000) having been initiated as a five years' experiment,
a letter was addressed early in 1881 by the Science and Art Department to
the Secretary of the Royal Society reminding him that the five years would
soon come to an end, and asking for a Report upon the results of the
experiment. A ' Report by the President and Council ' was accordingly drawn

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

up, in which, after reciting the constitution and Regulations of the Fund,
they furnished a table of the five years' Grants, with the following totals for
die period : —

Total amount applied for, ,£50,401.

Amount granted for Personal Allowance, <£7,800.

Amount granted for Non-Personal Expenses, ,£11,800.

The report surest s that if unused balances, instead of reverting to the

urv, 'could be reserved and kept in hand, provision might be made for

larger purposes than those to which the Fund has hitherto been devoted ' ;

and with respect to personal grants, while it does not suggest that these should

itirely discontinued, it does not recommend 'the present method of

administering them'. Some correspondence between the Treasury, the

Committee of Council on Education, and the Royal Society ensued, and it

:i, i.illy agreed (.March, 1882), (1) that the Grant of ,£1,000, which had

hitherto been provided under the Vote for Learned Societies, should be

discontinued ; (;2) that the <£4,000 which had for the previous five years been

provided under the Vote for the Science and Art Department should be

replaced by a like sum 'as a Grant in aid of the Royal Society'; (3) that this

( i rant should be managed by a reconstituted Government Grant Committee,

and should be 'primarily applicable to non-personal payments', but that the

Committee should be 4 at liberty to recommend occasional personal payments

from it, which, however, would only be made with the express sanction of the

urv. obtained in every case'; (4) that accounts and vouchers of the

• lit me should be rendered as in the case of the Grant for Meteoro-

il purposes, the money being issued by the Treasury 'only upon

idence that previous grants had been spent to a sufficient

extent, and that no excessive balance was being accumulated over a series

In the correspondence concerning details which followed this general

arrangement, the Council again insisted, as they had done in 1855, that the

t was not a Grant to the Royal Society, but to Science. ' With regard

to the title under which the Vote is proposed to be made,' wrote the President,

iniich as the Society derives no pecuniary benefit from the Grant, but in

administering it undertakes an onerous and difficult task, the President and

Council would be glad if the terms could be so modified as to prevent any

misapprehension with regard to this point on the part of the public.' The

of the Treasury, in his reply, called attention to the fact that ' a Grant

in »'<: i ( i rant of which the detailed expenditure is not subject to the

'let ailed appropriation as the expenditure of an ordinary Grant', and that

this was * the reason for using tlie expression here'. Ultimately, in a Treasury

''••d April s. i was agreed that the estimate should be

submitted to Parliament in the following terms : —

GRANT FOR SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS 285

4 A. Royal Society.

Grant for Scientific Investigations undertaken with tlu- sanction of
a Committee appointed for the purpose.'

The question of detailed vouchers was authoritatively settled by the above-
quoted letter, dated March 24, 1882, a decision which was confirmed by
a letter dated May 7, 1885.

The constitution of the Government Grant General Committee undr-
new scheme was identical with that of the Government Fund Committee
which it superseded, but the Sub-Committees under this *rhrm.- were
rearranged. The Code of Regulations adopted at this time was amended
and consolidated on December 6, 1883. In 1888 the Regulations were again
under consideration, and on July 5 of that year a code was adopted, and com-
municated to Her Majesty's Treasury, by whom it was approved.

In the letter accompanying this code, the Royal Society drew the attention
of the Treasury to the fact that, whereas in 1882 their Ixwdships had laid it
down that ' no excessive balance was to be accumulated over a series of years \
the Secretary of the Treasury had in 1885 stated, in answer to an appeal for
a Grant in aid of observing the Solar Eclipse of 1886, that ' My Lords dcMrc
to keep State aid to scientific investigations as much as possible within the
limits of the ^4,000 per annum annually placed by Parliament at the
disposal of the Government Grant Committee of the Royal Society '. The
Secretary of the Royal Society explained that it was in consequence of the
desire thus expressed by their Lordships that it was now proposed to establish
a Reserve Fund, not at any time to exceed ^2,000. The Secretary further drew
attention to the substitution of several relatively small Boards for the previous
large Sub-Committees; to the rule admitting extended Grants; to the
special precautions under which personal Grants would be made, and which
their Lordships would probably consider obviated the necessity of submitting
each Grant for their Lordships' approval ; and to the additions of the ex-
officio list.

In 1894 the Council at the instance of the General Committee asked Her
Majesty's Treasury to increase the amount of the Grant, but without success.

Amendments have been made from time to time in the Regulations since
1888. In March 1894 Instructions for the Government Grant Boards, and
in February 1895 Instructions for a Committee appointed for the purpose of
administering a Grant, were drawn up.

On June 23, 1901, new Regulations were made as to the audit of the
accounts, the sale of apparatus, or its presentation to the National Physical
Laboratory. Owing to a difficulty which arose when it became necessary to
initiate legal proceedings against a grantee, an alteration was made, on May
19, 1904, with the approval of H.M. Treasury, making it clear that the
administration of the Fund was placed in the hands of the Royal Society, the
functions of the Government Grant Committee being limited to the selection

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

« persons to whom tin- grants are to be made, to the determination of the

amounts of the \nrious grants, and the conditions on which they are granted.

At the s;mic date, with the like approval, a new Regulation (VI. 34) was made

under whirh the President and Council are authorized to set aside, in each

«mt of the Reserve Fund, such sum as they may consider desirable to

cpensea incurred by the Society in matters referred to it by the

rnment. The opportunity was also taken to effect a number of other

minor amendments.

On April 30, 1908, alterations were made in the dates for receiving
applications, and for the meeting of the Committee; and on June 23, 1910,
the Treasury autliori/cd an increase of the amount provided for administrative
rxpcnscs from X'.'JOO to i'.'JoO per annum.

The Regulations now in force are to be found in the 'Year-Book'.
The Government Grant for Scientific Investigations is administered by the
dent and Council of the Royal Society. The General Committee by
which the applications are decided upon is at present composed as under.

Tlir President and Council of the Royal Society for the time being.
The President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh aud one other Representative,
Tin' President, of the Royal Irish Academy and one other Representative,
The Presidents of —

The Uritish Association,

The London Mathematical Society,

The Royal Astronomical Society,

The Physical Society,

The Institution of Civil Engineers,

The Institution of Mechanical Engineers,

The Institution of Electrical Engineers,

The Chemical Society,

The Iron and Steel Institute,

The lleoloirieal Society,

The Royal ideographical Society,

The Linnean Society.

The Zoological Society,

'I he Hoyal Anthropological Institute,

The Royal College of Physicians,

The Hoyal College of Surgeons,
The Members, for the time bein<r. of the seven advisory Boards named below.

The actual examination of the applications for grants from the annual sum
.000 Nntrd by Pa ilia i IK -iit is delegated to seven Boards, the scope of each
>\vn in the subjoined table.
\. Applications relating to Mathematics, Mathematical Physics, Crystallo-

'i'hy. and Mathematical Aslronomv.
H. Applications relating to Kxperimental Physics, Observational Astronomy,

and Mi-tcorol.
C. Applications relating lo Chemistry and Metallurgy.

PUBLICATION GRANT 287

D. Applications relating to Geology, Palaeontology, Mineralogy, ami
Geography.

E. Applications relating to Botany.

F. Applications relating to Zoology and Comparative Anatomy.

G. Applications relating to Animal Physiology and Medical Subjects.
The Boards, each of which consists of eight members, ha\i uisly

received printed lists of all the applications for the year, im-i-t Miimltaneously
at the rooms of the Royal Society to consider the several applications and
decide which should be recommended for approval by the General Comm
This Committee meets as early as possible after the simultaneous meetings of
the Boards and its decisions are reported to the Council for approval.

II. PUBLICATION GRANT.

In 1895 the heavy burden of the expense falling upon the Royal Society
in respect of its scientific publications led the Council to memorialize the
Government with the view of obtaining assistance from the Treasury towards
the cost of the publications of the Society and of other scientific publications.
In response to this application the Government agreed to make a grant in
aid, amounting to ^1,000 per annum, to the Royal Society, on the under-
standing that it would, by means of the grant, assist not merely the Society's
own publications but also the adequate publication of scientific matter
through other channels and in other ways.

The Regulations under which this Grant is at present administered were
adopted by the Council on November 7, 1901. They will be found in the
Society's ' Year-Book \

III. THE NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY.

The earlier efforts of individuals towards the foundation in this
country of a National Physical Laboratory led in 1897 to the appointment by
H.M. Treasury of a Committee, with Lord Rayleigh as Chairman, to consider
and report upon the desirability of the project. This Committee reported on
July 6, 1898, and recommended that a Public Institution should be founded
for standardizing and verifying instruments, for testing materials, and for the
determination of physical constants ; and that the proposed Institution
should be under the control of the Royal Society. The Committee further
suggested that the Institution should be established by extending the Kew
Observatory.

The recommendations of the Committee were accepted by the Treasury, and
the Royal Society was invited to carry them into effect. A scheme of
organization was accordingly drawn up early in 1899 and agreed upon by
the Treasury and the Royal Society. This provided that the name of the
institution should be the National Physical Laboratory, and that its ultimate

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

control should IK- vested in the President and Council of the Royal Society.
Arrangement was made also for the formation of a Governing Body consisting

i il Hoard and an Executive Committee. Under this scheme the
1 tonsils of the President, Treasurer, and Secretaries of the
. flu- Yice-Chairman of the Board, who is also Chairman of

utive Committee, and is appointed by the President and Council
of the Koval Society, the Permanent Secretary of the Board of Trade, and
thirty-six Ordinary 'members. Of the ordinary members twenty-four are
appointed by the President and Council of the Royal Society, and two each
by the Councils of the following institutions:—

The ln>titutioii of Civil

Tin- Institution of Mechanical Engineers,,

The Institution of Electrical Engineers,

The Iron and Steel Institute,

Tin- limitation of Naval Architects,

Tlie Society of ( 'heniical Industry.

The Executive Committee consists of the President, Treasurer, and one of
Hie Secretaries of the Royal Society, the Chairman of the Executive Committee,
t lu- Permanent Secretary of the Board of Trade, and twelve ordinary members.
The twelve ordinary members are nominated by the President and Council of
the Royal Society, one-half being chosen from the representatives on the
General Hoard of the six institutions above named. One-sixth of the mem-
ber- of the General Board and of the Executive Committee retire annually.
Special arrangements were also made initially for the appointment of repre-
-entatives on the Executive Committee from the previously existing Kew
Observatorv Committee of the Royal Society.

Dr. K. T. Gla/ebrook, F.R.S., was appointed in 1899 to be the first Director
of the Laboratory.

Work was originally commenced at the Kew Observatory, but it was found
that the plan of extending the Observatory presented difficulties, and in
December, 15)00, II. M. Queen Victoria made a grant of Bushy House,
Tedding! on, to the Commissioners of Works for the uses of the National
Physical Laboratory, conditions as to maintenance being agreed upon between
the Commissioners and the Royal Society.

A grant of 1*14,000, afterwards increased to ^19,000, was made by the

towards the initial alterations, additional buildings, and equipment

ddington. The basement and ground floor of Bushy House were utilized

tor the I'hysics Laboratory ; for the Engineering Laboratory a building 80 feet

by :>" feet wat erected. These alterations were completed in 1901, and the

ormally opened by the King and Queen (then Prince and

Prince^ of Wales) on March 1.9, 1902.

The Laboratory at this date comprised two departments at Teddington,
for IMiy-sic^and Kngiiieering respectively. The Kew Observatory at Richmond

THE NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY 289

was incorporated with the Laboratory and constituted the Observatory

Department, under the able superintendence of Dr. ( l,.u!, Chree, F.R.S.
The Physics Department included Division, for Electri. ,eral Electrical

Measurements and Fundamental Units), Thcn.ioim-trv, Me trology,and Metal-
lurgy. Divisions for Optics, Electrotechnics and Photometry, and
Prediction were added in the following year.

The history of the Laboratory since 1902 has been one of continual growth,
involving the extension of the existing Divisions of the work, and the formation
of new Departments. The staff at Teddington at the end of 1902 numbered
twenty-six persons : in addition to the Director there was one Superintendent, in
charge of the Engineering Department, and four Assistants, three of \vhom
were Heads of Divisions of the Physics Department. In January 191^! th.
staff at Teddington numbered 136, including three Superintendents, one
Senior and five Principal Assistants, and seventeen Assistants, in addition to
Junior Assistants and other scientific workers. The Divisions of the Physics
Department were all originally housed in Bushy House. In 1904 a proini-.
was received from the Treasury of a further grant, to be spread over a number
of years, towards the additional buildings and equipment which had become
necessary. Buildings for Electrotechnics and Metrology were accordingly
planned.

The Electrotechnics building was completed early in 1906, and was formally
opened by Viscount Haldane in June of that year. A donation of .£5,000
towards its equipment was shortly afterwards received from Sir John Brunner.
This enabled satisfactory arrangements to be made for the testing of electrical
instruments of all kinds, and for photometric work. A 100,000 volt trans-
former for insulation tests was installed later.

The Metrology Building was completed in 1907, but was not occupied till
the following year. It was specially designed to secure the constancy of tem-
perature essential for the carrying out of length-measurements of the highest
accuracy, and a long mural base was provided for testing on the flat, or in
catenary, surveying tapes up to 150 feet in length. This Division also deals
with measurements of area and volume (e. g. the testing of areameters and of
glass vessels), while more recently the work of verification of masses has been
transferred to it. In 1907 the Laboratory was requested by H.M. Commis-
sioner of Police to undertake the testing of taximeters of the London cab
service, and this work was also entrusted to the Metrology Division. The
majority of the tests of taximeters are carried out at Teddington, but for the
re-testing of previously verified instruments a Taximeter Testing Sub-Station
was provided at Lambeth. Recently, in 1911, an extension has been added to
the Metrology Building for the re-erection of the standard screw-cutting lathe
of the War Office.

The provision of the Electrotechnics and Metrology Buildings left room for
the further expansion of the remaining Divisions in Bushy House. The

U

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Klectricai Standards Division obtained accommodation for the erection of the
ampere balance, and later of the Lorenz resistance apparatus. The Division
tor (icneral KKrtrical Measurements, which in addition to the testing of iron
t tic hysteresis and total power loss, is concerned with measure-
i of capacity and inductance, was able to install apparatus for the testing
of wavemeters and other instruments for use in wireless telegraphy. In the
Optics Division new equipment was provided for testing photographic lenses
.md shutters, the lenses of oculists' trial cases, prism binoculars, and for other
purposes. In the Thermometry Division an additional room was fully
equipped for the rapid testing of standard and other mercury thermometers,
enabling some of this work, where higher accuracy was required, to be trans
1 from Kew. From the commencement, special provision had been made
at Teddington for high temperature thermometry and pyrometry, and in 1907
a new furnace room was built out at the north-west corner of Bushy House,
and provided later with a 15-kilowatt alternator and other equipment for
elei -trie furnace work involving considerable power consumption. The Kelvin
tide-predicting machine, placed in the charge of the Laboratory in 1903 by
tin- India Office, for the determination of the tides for the Indian ports and
other tide-prediction work, is also installed in Bushy House.

The Engineering Department has undergone considerable extension since
11)0:2. In 1903 a special building was provided for the accommodation of
a Whitworth Standard Screw-cutting Lathe constructed to designs approved
h\ a War Office Committee; and a 50-foot steel tower was erected in the
grounds for the wind pressure research. In 1906 two bays were added to the
1 Engineering Building, and a 100-ton machine was provided for the testing
work transferred to the Laboratory from Cooper's Hill. In 1909 the Labora-
tory was asked by the Government to undertake experimental work in
Aeronautics, and the further space necessary for a wind channel, motor-testing
plant, &c., was provided by the addition of two more bays to the Engineering
Building, while a shed 80 feet square was built to accommodate a whirling
table. At the same time the earlier wind tower was replaced by two 60-foot
towers, 1 10 yards apart, to facilitate the study of lateral variation in the wind.
In 191 1 the Department was asked to undertake the testing of road materials
for tin- Government Koad Board, and an additional building has been erected
for this work.

Tin Physics Department originally comprised a Division for Metallurgy and

HUM nipying a few rooms in Bushy House. In 1906 by arrangement

with the India Office, the test work for the Government of India, formerly

•••d out at Cooper"* Hill, was transferred to the Laboratory, and a new

building for this work was provided. A new Department of Metallurgy and

dlnrgical Chemistry *M aKo constituted. In 1910 a gift of ,£10,000 was

-rd from Sir .hiliiis Wernher for the erection of a building to advance the

'llurgy. This was planned to be continuous with the building

THE NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY

for the India Office work, and was completed in the autumn of 1911, enabling
the whole of the earlier equipment for Metallurgy to be transferred from
Bushy House. The plans for the Metallurgy Building involved the trans-
ference, already mentioned, of the War Office lathe to an extension <»;
Metrology Building.

One further new Department remains to be mentioned. From tin d.v
the opening of the Laboratory the possibility of finding funds for
construction at Teddington of a large tank for experiments on mo.lcU of ships
had been under consideration by the Executive Committee of the Inborn
In April 1908 an offer was made by Mr. A. F. Yarrow to the Institution of
Naval Architects of the sum of .£20,000 for the construction of such a tank,
provided it were established at the National Physical Laboratory and
a sufficient sum contributed from other sources for its maintenance for a num-
ber of years. A Guarantee Fund was raised by the Institution ; and tin
construction of the tank was commenced in 1909 and completed towards the
end of 1910. It was formally opened by Lord Rayleighon July 5, 1911 ; and
on a commemorative tablet it is described as ' The William Fronde National
Tank, erected by A. F. Yarrow for the service of the nation'. The work i>
carried on under the guidance of an Advisory Committee, mainly composed oi
representatives of the Institution of Naval Architects.

The Kew Observatory continued its work as the ' Observatory Department '
of the Laboratory until the year 1910. During this period it was found
necessary to remove the magnetic work to a site free from magnetic disturbance
due to electric traction ; and, with the assistance of the Government, a Magnetic
Observatory was established at Eskdalemuir, Dumfriesshire. The buildings
were commenced in 1904, and a Superintendent was appointed in 1907. On
July 1, 1910, the control of the meteorological research work carried out at
Kew, and of the Eskdalemuir Observatory, was transferred to the Director of
the Meteorological Office, the Kew Observatory becoming the Central
Observatory of the Meteorological Office. The testing of clinical and other
thermometers, telescopes, binoculars, watches, and other instruments still
continues, however, to be carried out at the Kew Observatory, pending th<
provision of accommodation for this work at Teddington.

For this purpose further new buildings at Teddington are necessary.
Towards these the sum of <£*15,000 has recently been promised by the
Treasury, and the minimum accommodation required is now being arranged
for. The buildings planned, and commenced early in 1912, include an
Optics Building, which will provide room for the testing of optical instru-
ments now done at Kew and for the Optics Division at Teddington, and an
Administration Building, with offices and library, and a section for tin-
receipt and despatch of instruments. These buildings will be completed
early in 1913.

A few notes are added on the researches which have been conducted at

U2

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

the Laboratory. In 1901, from funds furnished by the generosity of Sir
Andivu Noble", equipment was provided for work on the fundamental high
temperature si-ale, which has since been continuously in progress. The
r work consisted in a comparison of platinum thermometers and
thermo-j unctions with the gas thermometer, up to the highest tem-
peratinv which could then conveniently be measured with these instruments.
.nut of this work published in 1903 was followed in 1904 by
c ription of a new type of electric furnace, with a re-determination
of the- melting-point of platinum. The subsequent investigations have
been directed mainly to the finding of some satisfactory refractory material
for the construction of gas thermometer bulbs for use at very high tempera-
tures. ( )ther types of electric furnace have been devised in the course of the
work, and various difficulties have been encountered. lonization phenomena
in furnaces have been studied.

Research on electrical units and standards dates from the time of the
toimdat ion of the Laboratory. Dr. Glazebrook continued to serve as Secretary
to the Electrical Standards Committee of the British Association, arid
continuity with the previous researches carried out by him for that Committee
\\a> thus maintained. The course of the investigations at Teddington has
been marked by a series of papers on mercury standards of resistance, the
ampere balance, the normal Weston cadmium cell, the silver voltameter,
methods of high precision for the comparison of resistances, the variation of
manganin resistances with humidity, and a variety of other researches on
standard resistances, and standard cells. An ampere balance was constructed
in 1900-7, and a standard Lorenz apparatus for the determination of the
ohm in absolute measure, the gift of the Drapers' Company, has recently
completed. An extensive research on the measurement of capacity
and inductance, including the construction of standards of inductance of
high accuracy, has been conducted.

The Photometry Division has devoted continuous attention to the establish-
ment of satisfactory methods and standards for the measurement of the
illumination given by different sources of light.

The investigations carried out in the Metrology Division have been
directed mainly to the construction and maintenance of standards of length,
and to the devising of suitable methods of length measurements of all kinds,
including measurements of screws and of tapes and wires for surveying
purposes. Many researches have been undertaken for the Engineering
lu<U Committee — a fully representative body working under the
auspices of the engineering profession and the Government for the purpose
of defining and providing practical and interchangeable standards in con-
struction.

Th< i \\ork in the Engineering Department has, for the most part,

ied on uith the continuous assistance and advice of the Institution of

THE NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY 29S

Civil Engineers, who have contributed generously towards the support of the
work of the Laboratory. A research on wind-pressure was at 01
menced, directed to the determination of a method of extim.v Mnd-

pressure on large structures from the results of experiments on small models
in the Laboratory. An account of the earlier exj,. -mm -i.N ,,i, m,Ni, |,
air channel was published in 1903, and this work was followed by tl>.
vestigation of the wind-pressure on larger surfaces in tin-
step was to determine what relation the maximum pressure intensity in a given
period of time over a considerable area, such as that of a
structure, bears to the maximum intensity occurring at a *iii^l« point ,,:
area. The last stage of this research, to determine the effect on this relation
of the more or less exposed character of the site, has now been entered upon.

A second extensive research has been in progress in the Engineering
Department to determine the behaviour of materials under repetition of
stresses of various kinds. Papers published in the course of this research
relate to the construction of an alternating stress-testing machine, the
resistance of iron and steel to reversals of direct stress, a new fatigue text tor
iron and steel, a repeated impact testing machine and the resistance of
materials to impact, and other work of a similar character.

Research in Aeronautics was commenced in 1909, and considerable progress
has been made in the study of the forces due to the wind on airships and
aeroplanes.

In the Metallurgy Division the work initiated by Sir William Roberts- Austen
was continued at the Laboratory for the Alloys Research Committee of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers and with the support of that Institu-
tion. The several reports made to this Committee deal respectively with
iron-nickel-manganese-carbon alloys, alloys of aluminium and copper, allov>
of copper aluminium and manganese, and alloys of aluminium and /inc.
A large number of other papers on metallurgical subjects have been published.

The investigations on ship-models in the Tank Department were commenced
in 1911, and this work will in future constitute an important branch of the
research- work carried out by the Laboratory.

During the period in which the Kew Observatory was a Department of the
National Physical Laboratory, the Superintendent, Dr. Charles Chree, F.R.S.,
published a valuable series of memoirs reducing and discussing the magnet ic
observations recorded at the Observatory, as well as magnetic observation^
taken at Falmouth, and the magnetic and meteorological records obtained
by expeditions to the Antarctic regions. (See p. 301.)

In the year 1908 the conditions regulating the character of the test- work
undertaken by the Laboratory for manufacturers and other private bodies \v«-n-
farther defined by a Committee appointed by the Treasury, of which the
Right Hon. Gerald W. Balfour acted as Chairman.

The total capital expenditure of the Laboratory up to December 31, 1911,

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

•K-cii ^104,399 7a. Id. The grants for buildings and equipment received

II..M. Trea.siiry during this period amount to a total of <£57,150, the

remainder bciiiir tor the most part provided from private sources. The

ordinal \ expenditure during the year 1911 amounted to ^30,571 14*. 10d.,

of uhieh r 17,398 3*. 7d. was met by payments for testing-work done.

IV. IMKKNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE.

In the foregoing chapter an account was given of the Royal Society's
ilogue of Scientific Papers', of which twelve volumes have been published
compriMiiij the period from 1800 to 1883. It had long been apparent that the
production of so great a work would soon be beyond the resources of the
Society or indeed of any single body. International co-operation appeared to
IK- the only means of securing the continuation of the work. As already
stated, the President and Council of the Royal Society were willing to
complete at their own charges the volumes required to bring their
'Catalogue1 down to the end of the nineteenth century, but they felt that
Mime other arrangement must be made for the further prosecution of the
Catalogue beyond that period.

Accordingly, the Royal Society sought the opinion of a large number of
-entative bodies and individuals abroad, and as the replies were
almost uniformly in favour of the work being undertaken by international
co-operation, steps were taken to summon an international conference of
delen-ato appointed by the various Governments. This Conference was held
in London on July 14 to 17, 1896, and was followed by Conferences held in
London on October 11 to 13, 1898, and on June 12 and 13, 1900.

The Conference held in 1900 agreed upon a scheme for the publication of
an International Catalogue of Scientific Literature. It was then laid down
that the supreme control of the Catalogue should be vested in an International
Convention. In the intervals between the meetings of the International
Convention, the administration of the Catalogue was to be vested in an
International Council, the editing and publication being carried on by
<it nil Bureau. All difficulties were finally removed by the Royal Society
undertaking in October 1900 to act as the publishers of the Catalogue on
behalf of the International Council, thereby giving the necessary legal status
to the undertaking, and also agreeing to advance the capital required to start
the enterprise, the understanding being that this capital should be repaid
during the next five years. The contracts entered into at the time were for
publishing live annual issues of the Catalogue corresponding to the five years

At the lir>t i Meeting of the International Council aforesaid in London, on

mber r.\ 190(), it was decided to commence the preparation of the

in January 1, 1901, that each annual issue of the Catalogue

-hould con-i-t of seventeen volume^ and that the price of the set to subscribers

INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE CATALOGUE 295

should be £17. Dr. H. Forster Morley was appointed Director of the
Central Bureau, and an Executive Committee of the International Count il
was also formed. The Central Bun-au is established in offices at 34 and 35
Southampton Street, Strand, London, W.C. Schedules of Classification and
the Instructions for the use of Regional Bureaus have been elaborated
are issued in English, French, Italian, and German.

The second meeting of the International Council was held in London on
May .23 and 24, 1904. At this meeting it was decided *That in view of the
success already achieved by the International Catalogue of Scientific
Literature, and of its great importance to scientific workers, it is imperative
to continue the publication of the Catalogue beyond the first five annual
issues '.

The first meeting of the International Convention was held in London on
July 25 and 26, 1905, and was attended by accredited representatives from
Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, India, Italy, Japan,
Mexico, Russia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States of
America. The Convention received and adopted the resolution of the
International Council of the previous year, recommending that the work be
continued for a second period of five years ; and they requested the Royal
Society to continue to act as the publishing body, and in that capacity to
conclude a contract with Messrs. Harrison & Sons for printing and publishing
the volumes of the Catalogue that would index the scientific literature of the
years 1906-1910. The Convention also asked the Royal Society to make
provision for the working capital required.

In response to these resolutions, the Council of the Royal Society arranged
for an extension, with certain modifications, of the then existing contracts,
so that they should cover the printing and publishing of the Catalogue up to
the end of the tenth annual issue. The Society has advanced sums amounting
altogether to .£7,500 for working expenses, upon which annual interest is paid.

At the meeting of the International Convention in 1905 the Schedules of
Classification underwent careful revision. The Convention also approved
a proposal for the amalgamation of Volume N (Zoology) of the Catalogue
with the Zoological Record published by the Zoological Society of London.
The amalgamation was agreed to for the five years 1906-1910, and it has
recently been extended to cover the period 1911-1915.

At a third meeting of the International Council held in London on July
29 and 30, 1907, details of the work of the Regional Bureaus established in
the various co-operating countries were taken into consideration, and it was
decided to issue a new edition of the Instructions for the use of Regional
Bureaus. The fourth meeting of the International Council was held in
London on June 3 and 4, 1909.

The second meeting of the International Convention was held in London
July 12 to 13, 1910. It was attended by accredited representatives from

296 RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, India, Italy, Japan,
South Wales, Russia, South Australia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and
tin- Tinted States of America. At this Convention it was resolved 'That in
\ir\\ of the success already achieved by the International Catalogue of
Scientific Literature and of the great importance of the objects which it
promotes, it is imperative to continue the publication of the Catalogue during
the period 1911-1915 and, on the recommendation of the International
Council, during the subsequent five years 1916-1920'. All the delegates
lit voted in favour of this resolution with the exception of the representa-
ti\e of Germany, who stated that his country desired to reserve its decision.
The German Government has, however, since the meeting of the Convention
announced its intention of continuing its support of the undertaking for the
third quinquennial period.

The Convention of 1910 also resolved 'That in view of the resolution
arrived at to continue the Catalogue for a further period of five years,
tlu Royal Society of London be requested to act, as in the past, as the
publishing body and to make the necessary contracts'. The Council of the
I {oval Society has therefore agreed with the printers for the extension of
the contracts for printing and publishing the Catalogue until the end of the
fifteenth annual issue, namely, the one indexing the literature of 1915.

The contributions of the various countries have taken the form of promises
to subscribe for a certain number of complete sets of the volumes or their
equivalent. The following is a list of the sets thus subscribed for at the
present time : —

New Zealand .... 1
Norway ..... 5
Nova Scotia .... 1
Orange River Colony . . 1
Poland ... .1

Portugal 1

Queensland .... 1
Russia . . . . .30
South Australia . . . 2
Spain ..... 1

Sweden 5

Switzerland .... 8
Transvaal Colony ... 1
United Kingdom . . .45
United States of America . 58

Victoria 1

West Australia ... 1

Total 369

Austria .

. - 9J

Belgium .

. 7

Canada .

. 7

Ca|)e Colony .

. 6

Cuba . ' .

. 1

Denmark

. 6

Egypt .

2£

Finland .

2^

IVance

. 35

Germany

. 45

••

%

Holland .

. 8

Huniy

4

India and ( 'cvlon

. 21

ltal\

. 27

'

. 15

Mexico .

5

-outh \\

• t~7T

SUCIJG/J \

prmei

; Hi

United King

ii it

: the Catalog!
of the lute-
•\ All the
rion of tn

: don

for the

• lure of 1
uken the form of pron-

.
.

PLATI \l\

INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE CATALOGUE

The branches of science included in the Catalogue are as folio WM :—

A. Mathematics.

B. Mechanics.

C. Physics.

D. Chemistry.

E. Astronomy.

F. Meteorology.1

G. Mineralogy.2
H. Geology.

J. Geography.3

K. I'ulaeontolo

I.. General Biology.

M. Botany.

N. /oology.

O. Anatoii i \

P. Physical Anthropo

Q. Physiology.4

R. Bacteriology.

Volumes are issued in paper covers, but may also be obtained bound
in buckram at an extra charge per volume, or for part of volume nhi-n
bound separately. For those who may prefer a card catalogue to a Cata-
logue in book-form, copies of every volume specially printed upon one side-
only of thin paper have been published. The entries can then be cut out
and pasted upon cards of any desired size. An extra charge is made for
these thin paper copies.

In the case of Zoology an experiment is being made by offering for sale the
separate parts of the volume which correspond to divisions of the animal
kingdom.

Eight complete annual issues of the Catalogue corresponding to the period
1901-1908 have now been published. The greater part of the ninth issue is
also published. The volumes composing the tenth issue are at pn-Miit
appearing.

The following table gives the total number of papers indexed in each science
for the nine issues covering the period 1901-1909 : —

A. Mathematics

B. Mechanics

C. Physics .

D. Chemistry

E. Astronomy

F. Meteorology

G. Mineralogy
H. Geology

J. Geography

16748

K.

Palaeontology

9200

L.

General Biology

35032

M.

Botany .

72631

N.

Zoology .

16071

O.

Anatomy

14083

P.

Anthropology .

14338

Q.

Physiology

18210

R.

Bacteriology .

22417

Total 488966

1 Including Terrestrial Magnetism.

2 Including Petrology and Crystallography.

8 Mathematical and Physical.

4 Including Experimental Psychology, Pharmacology, and Experimental Pathology.

HECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Thi> is the milliter of entries for the Catalogue according to Authors.
.eh entrv in this Catalogue there are on the average two or three entries
in the Catalogue according to Subjects. Since the beginning of the under-
taking two million index cards have been received at the Central Bureau; as
la index the scientific literature for the eleven years 1901-1911, they
thus give an average of about 180,000 entries per annum.

An arrangement has recently been made with the International Seismological

Association whereby the section of 'Internal Dynamics' in the volume for

^ill be enlarged by additional entries prepared under the auspices of

Seismologies! Association, and will be issued with separate title-page to

the members of the- Association.

V. THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY, GREENWICH.

Allusion was made in Chapter I (p. 34) to the foundation of this Observatory
by ('harle> II and to its earlier history. The connexion of the Royal Society
with the Observatory has been close from the beginning. In 1710 the Society
ippointed to be Visitors and Directors, a function which they continued
to perform until the accession of King William IV, when, by a new warrant
then issued, the President and six of the Fellows of the Royal Astronomical
Society were added to the same number of the Royal Society to constitute the
Hoard of Visitors, the President of the Royal Society being Chairman of the
Hoard. A new warrant is issued at the beginning of each sovereign's reign.
The following is that of King George V : —

WARN A XT FOR THE BOARD OF VISITORS OF THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY,

GREENWICH.

i in FIFTH by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great
Hiitain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King,
Defender of the Faith, to all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting.

Whereas it pleased His late Majesty King Edward the Seventh by Warrant

under His Royal Sign Manual, bearing date the 23rd day of May in the First

Y«;tr of His Hcign to constitute and appoint the President of the Royal

y for the time being, and the President of the Royal Astronomical

1 v for the time being, together with certain other Persons therein named

and described, to be regular Visitors of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich.

th.it We have revoked and determined, and do by these Presents

n \oke and determine, the said Appointment, and every clause, article, and

tiling therein contained. And further know ye, that We have been given to

understand that it would contribute very much to the improvement of

Astronomy and Navigation, if We should appoint regular Visitors of Our

Kmal Observatory at Greenwich, with sufficient powers for the execution of

trust. We ha\c, therefore, thought fit, in consideration of the great

THE ROYAL OBSERVATOIH (-REENWICH 299

learning and experience, and other necessary qualifications of the Royal Society
and the Royal Astronomical Society, to constitute and appoint, an We do by
these Presents constitute and appoint, you —

The President for the time being of the Royal Society,

The President for the time being of the Royal Astronomical S<><
together with Our Right Trusty and Well-bel<>\. <1 ( OUDM llor—

John William, Baron Rayleigh, Member of the Order of Merit,
and Our Trusty and Well-beloved—

Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, Knight Commander of Our Most Honourable
Order of the Bath,

Sir Arthur William Rucker, Knight,

Sir Joseph Larmor, Knight,

William Grylls Adams, Esquire,

Arthur Schuster, Esquire,

Fellows of the Royal Society ;
and —

Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney, Knight Commander of Our M<M
Honourable Order of the Bath,

Sir David Gill, Knight Commander of Our Most Honourable Order of the
Bath,

Sir Robert Stawell Ball, Knight,

Robert Bellamy Clifton, Esquire,

James Whitbread Lee Glaisher, Esquire,

Edward Ball Knobel, Esquire,

Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society ;
and —

The Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford for the time being,

The Plumian Professor of Astronomy at Cambridge for the time being,

The Hydrographer of Our Navy for the time being,

to be regular Visitors of Our Royal Observatory at Greenwich during Our
pleasure ; provided always, that neither the Astronomer Royal for the time
being, nor any of his Assistants shall be a Visitor of Our said Royal Observatory.
And we do authorize and require you from time to time to order and direct
Our said Astronomer and Keeper of Our said Royal Observatory to make Midi
Astronomical Observations and calculations as you in your judgement shall
think proper.

And that you do survey and inspect our instruments in Our said Observatory,
and as often as any shall be found defective or insufficient for the proriit
wants of Astronomy, that you do inform Our Lord High Admiral, or the
Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral, that so the
said instruments may either be exchanged or repaired or new ones may be
procured. And that you do from time to time make such suggestions and
representations to Our Lord High Admiral, or to the Commissioner* lor

300 RKCOKD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

:ting tlu- Office of Lord High Admiral, touching the said Observatory,
and its lihrarv and instruments, the observations and calculations as shall, in
\our judgement, be conducive to the credit of Our Observatory and to the
promotion of astronomical and natural science.

And Our further will and pleasure is. that Our Astronomer and Keeper of

iid Observatorv for the time being do deliver to you every three months,

jiiiivd bv vou in writing, under the hand of your Chairman, a true and

np\ of all tin- observations he shall have made and of all the calculations

relating to those or other observations made at Our said Observatory. And

that such number of copies of the said observations and calculations be printed

a- Our Lord High Admiral, or the Commissioners for executing the Office of

I .ord 1 1 igh Admiral, shall consider expedient. And when Our said Astronomer

and the Councils of the said Royal Society and Royal Astronomical Society

shall have been supplied with as many copies as they may desire to distribute

for the benefit of science, the remainder shall be sold at such price as Our Lord

High Admiral, or the Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High

Admiral, shall fix.

And Our further will and pleasure is, that you do meet annually at Our
siid Observatory on the first Saturday in the month of June, or, should
circumstances render that day inconvenient, on such other day, at that period
of the year, as the President of the Royal Society (being a Visitor) may decide,
and also at such other times as may seem expedient to the President of the
1 Societ \ (being a Visitor), or if not, to Our Lord High Admiral, or the
Commissioners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral. And that at
Mich meet ing the President of the Royal Society (being a Visitor) shall take
the chair, or in his absence the President of the Royal Astronomical Society
(being a Visitor), or in the absence of both the said Presidents, that the
memben present shall elect a chairman for the time being among themselves.
And that at everv such meeting seven members shall form a quorum.

And Our further will and pleasure is, that you be empowered to appoint

vtary, who shall perform the usual duties of Secretary at your meetings,

hall take charge of your books and papers, and shall receive for his

trouble such stipend as to Our Lord High Admiral, or to the Commissioners

\ ecut ing the Office of Lord High Admiral, shall seem fit. And also that

Our said Lord High Admiral or Commissioners shall be empowered to pay

Mich Minis aa they may think proper, in the nature of reimbursement of

to Mich of the visitors as attend.

1 Our further will and pleasure is, that if any one of Our Visitors (not

h by virtue of his office) shall not attend the Annual Meeting for

« without assigning such an excuse for his absence as shall

be deemed sufficient by a majority of Our Visitors present at a meeting, he

shall cease to be a Visitor; and as often as a vacancy shall occur in the lists of

Visitors selected from the Fellows of the Royal Society or of the Royal

.

Ast:

THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY, GREENWICH 801

Astronomical Society, by death, resignation, or otluruis,, the same shall be
filled up by the President of the Society (being a Visitor) in whose li*t ,u, 1,
vacancy may have happened, from the Fellows of that a |)!lt ,, M1( j,

President be not a Visitor the appointment shall be made by tin- Coum-il of
the Society of which he is President, from the Fellows thereof. And for to
doing this shall be your Warrant.
And so We bid you farewell.

Given at Our Court at Saint James's, the Eleventh day of Juw I'M",
in the First Year of Our Reign.
To the President of the Royal Society,'

the President of the Royal Astrono- T»

By His Majesty's Command,
mical Society, and the other Persons

herein appointed Visitors of Our

WINSTON S. CHURCHILL.

Royal Observatory of Greenwich.

VI. KEW OBSERVATORY.

This Observatory is situated in the Old Deer Park, Richmond. Tin
present building was erected by King George III in 1769 for the purpose of
observing the transit of Venus which occurred in that year. It was maintained
by Government until the year 1842 when it passed into the hands of the
British Association for the Advancement of Science, which continued to manage
it through a committee until 1871, when the Chairman of the Commit tec
placed in the hands of the Royal Society as trustees an endowment of ^1(),(XK'.
The Society then took over the control of the Observatory, and appointed
a Committee to administer the endowment and supervise the scientific work of
the Observatory. This arrangement continued until 1899 when the Observa-
tory was incorporated with the National Physical Laboratory (see pp. 179, 289),
and the Kew Observatory Committee as a scientific body was dissolved. A com-
mittee, however (known as the Gassiot Committee), whose members were alx>
members of the Executive Committee of the Laboratory, continued to watch
over the Gassiot Fund, and to pay the proceeds thereof to the National Phv>i-
cal Laboratory.

In course of time it was found that some alteration of this organization was
required. Accordingly a new scheme for the Management of Kew Observatory,
with other Observatories, was framed, which came into operation on July 1,
1910. Under this scheme the Gassiot Committee, appointed by the Royal
Society to administer the Gassiot Trust Fund, was reconstituted as a Scientific
Committee for the purpose of recommending observations and researches in
magnetism, seismology, meteorology, and geophysics to be carried out at Kew,
Eskdalemuir, and Valencia Observatories, which were now placed under the
general direction of the Meteorological Committee (see p. 302). The proceeds
of the Gassiot Trust Fund, and the grant in aid made by the Treasury to the
Royal Society for Eskdalemuir Observatory, are used in >uch manner as tlic

:*<):> RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

:,it Committee may approve for the maintenance of these observations
and roearcho, in augmentation of the sums assigned for the purpose by the

Meteorological Committee.

VII. THK MKTKOKOI,O(;ICAL COMMITTEE.

The present Meteorological Committee is the official descendant of the
orological Department of the Board of Trade, established in 1854, the
history of which is given in the Report by the Committee of Inquiry nominated
hv the Koval Society, the Board of Trade, and the Admiralty, respectively,
which was printed and presented to Parliament in 1866. This Department
• ;ipcrsedcd in 1807 by the Meteorological Committee of the Royal Society.
In 1877 the Committee transferred their charge to the Meteorological Council,
a paid bodv, consisting of a chairman and four members, nominated by the
President and Council of the Royal Society, and approved by the Lords Com-
mi»ioners of the Treasury, with the Hydrographer of the Admiralty as an
official member. In 1905 the Meteorological Council was replaced by a Com-
mittee appointed by H.M. Treasury, and containing two representatives of
the Royal Society. The Gassiot Committee above described co-operates with
t hi> Meteorological Committee in promoting the scientific study of the branches
of science to which the Gassiot Trust relates, viz. Meteorology, Terrestrial
M ' -i ict ism, Atmospheric Electricity, Seismology, and the cognate subjects.

VIII. THE BOTANIC GARDENS, CHELSEA, FORMERLY KNOWN AS

' THE PHYSICK GARDEN \

In February 1721 (1722 new style) Sir Hans Sloane by a deed, one part of
which is in the possession of the Society, granted unto and to the use of the
Society of Apothecaries for ever, subject to a yearly rent of £5 and to certain
conditions, a plot of ground formerly leased to that Society by Lord Cheyne,
and known as ' The Physick Garden \ The most important condition is ' That
the Garden should at all times hereafter be continued as a Physick Garden1
l>\ the Society of Apothecaries, which shall yearly present to the Royal
Society 4 fifty specimens or samples of distinct plants, well dryedand preserved,
and which grew in the said Garden the same year, together with their respec-
ti\c name> or reputed names, ;ind so as the specimens or samples of such plants
be diMemit, or specifically distinct, and no one offered twice, until the comple.it
Dumber of two thousand plants have been delivered".

The deed further pro\ ides that if these conditions be not fulfilled, or if the

jy shall at any time convert the Garden into buildings for habitations or

lor any other usefl . Physick Garden, Sir Hans Sloane, his heirs and

;itcr and hold the premises in trust for the Royal Society, which,

iiiu-t pay the -aid rent, and in like manner deliver fifty plants from

I'"1 ( • 'initially to the College of Physicians, and if the Royal Society

fail to comply, the Garden, are to beheld in trust for the College of Physicians.

THE BOTANIC GARDENS, CHELSEA :«»:*

subject to the same conditions as those originally imposed on the Society of
Apothecaries.

The deed recites that the Society of Apothecaries had • lately resolved upon
and sett apart an annuall summe for the maintaining of the " Garden
a consideration for the Grant which is not mentioned in tin- abstract ot
Deed published in the 'Memoirs of the Botanic Gard.-n at < h,
Mr. Henry Field and Dr. R. H. Semple, printed in 1878.

The Society of Apothecaries duly presented in each year fifty distinct plant*
to the Royal Society up to 1762, when the number of two thousand was ,
pleted. After that year plants were still presented up to 1774, when a total
of 2,550 plants was attained, and from that date the records of the Roval
Society appear to contain no entry concerning the Garden until the year I
when the Society of Apothecaries, having expressed to the President of tin-
Royal Society their intention of relieving themselves of the responsibility of
maintaining the Botanic Gardens at Chelsea, and the matter having been
referred to a Committee, the following Minute of Council appears in n-pl\
to an inquiry from the Society of Apothecaries as to the decision of the
Council : —

'Oct. 24, 1861. Resolved that thanks be returned to the Master and
Wardens of the Society of Apothecaries for their obliging communication, and
that they be informed that the President and Council of the Royal Society do
not feel in a position to take any steps in the matter referred to, until they
receive notice of proceedings on the part of the Heirs of Sir Hans Sloane con-
sequent on the determination of the Society of Apothecaries.'

The Garden is said to have contained three acres one rood and thirty-live
perches of ground, but this area appears to have been exclusive of the foreshore
of the River Thames. On page 88 of the ' Memoirs of the Botanic Garden at
Chelsea' above mentioned, it is stated that so long ago as 1707 directions were
given for wharfing the Garden towards the river, and that a similar order was
made in 1728. In 1771 an embankment was made at an expense of about <£400.
'This embankment was designed only in order to recover ground which had
originally belonged to the Garden, but had in process of time been washed
away by the river.'

In 1870 the Chelsea Embankment was constructed, and, as the 'Memoirs'
state, the Apothecaries' Society, ' as tenants of the Chelsea Garden,' lost their
immediate access to the river and sacrificed their portion of the foreshore,
while a road intervened between the garden and the river. As compensation,
a handsome wall, railing, and entrance gates facing the Embankment were
built by the Metropolitan Board of Works.

It is further stated in the same ' Memoirs ' that a strip of reclaimed land
has 'been thrown in with the older portion since the construction of the
new river-side embankment'. In 1890 the Royal Society had some cor-
respondence with the Society of Apothecaries on occasion of a proposal that

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

tni. (, .hould be sold for building purposes; but the proposal was

abandoned. In l^.'S. however, the Society of Apothecaries became desirous

relieved of the burden of maintaining the Garden, and applied to

( hai-itv Commissioners to formulate a scheme for its administration.

M accordingly drawn up by the Charity Commissioners and

submitted to the Council of the Royal Society. A Committee appointed by

ouiu-il carefully considered the scheme and suggested several modifica-

. which were approved, and the scheme as finally amended was sealed by

the Charity Commissioners on February 21, 1899.

Cnder this scheme the Garden is to be administered exclusively for the

promotion of the study of Botany with special reference to the requirements

neral education, scientific instruction and research in Botany (including

I able Physiology), and instruction in Technical Pharmacology, as far as

t he culture- of medicinal plants is concerned. The Garden is now administered

h v a hod v of Trustees and by a Committee of Management. The Trustees are

the Trustees of the London Parochial Charities, and the Committee of

Management consists of 'seventeen competent persons1, sixteen being

Representative Members, and one being an ex-qfficio or Nominated 'Member.

The Representative Members are appointed as follows: —

Nine by the above-mentioned Trustees, for a term of four years.

( )ne by the Treasury, for a term of five years.

( )ne bv the Lord President of the Council, for a term of five years.

( )ne by the Technical Education Board of the London County Council, for

rm of three years.

One by the Royal Society, for a term of four years.
One by the Society of Apothecaries and the Royal College of Physicians, in

turn, for a term of four years.
One bv the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, for a term of four

ITS, and

One b\ the Senate of the University of London for a term of four years.
The c.r-oflirin Member is ' the person for the time being entitled to the said
.I of XT) " under Sir Hans Sloane's Deed of Gift. Under this scheme
the Committee is to provide for the maintenance of botanical collections of
living plants lor teaching purposes, and, so far as practicable, for the supply
of botanical specimens for the purpose of external instruction. The Com-
mittee may also provide instruction, by means of lectures or otherwise, in
Holnny, with special reference to the requirements of Elementary Education.

IX. Tni; LAWKS AGRICULTURAL TRUST.

Mi r< Is Sir) John Bennet Lawes, soon after entering into possession

of his hereditary property at Rothamsted 1 in 1834, began to make experi-

i is in HfMtfonMiirr. twenty-five miles from London, near Harpenden, on
:h»- Midland H;ii!

' • •

I; J

THE LAWES A(.H l( I I/I I l{.\l. TIU'ST 305

ments with different manurial substances, first with plants in |x>tN and
afterwards in the field. At the outset the researches of De Saussur.
vegetation chiefly guided him. Of all hi. experimcntl those gave the most
striking results in which the neutral |>h<»|>hate of lime, in lx>nes, hon.
and apatite, was rendered soluble by means of Mi]phmi< arid, and tin
ture was applied for root-crops. The sucivs-, obtained on a small seal,- in i
1838, and 1839, led to more extensive trials in the field in 1840 and 1H11.

and subsequently. In 1843 more systematic field experiments were conn

and Dr. (afterwards Sir) J. Henry Gilbert became associated with Mr. I jure*
in the conduct of the experiments. The foundation of the Kothamsted E\ j
mental Station may be said to date from that time (1843).

The Rothamsted station has from the commencement been disconnected
from any external organization, and has been maintained entirely at the
cost of the late Sir John Lawes, who set apart a sum of .flOO^HH), tin-
Laboratory, and certain areas of land, for the continuance of the investiga-
tions after his death. In February 1889 Trustees were appointed, and tin-
necessary Trust Deed was executed. In accordance with the provisions of tin-
Deed, a Committee of Management was soon afterwards appointed, and entered
upon its duties. The Trustees are Lord Avebury, F.R.S., Lord Walsingham,
E.R.S., and the Right Hon. A. Lyttleton, K.C. The Committee consists ,,f
nine members, of whom one is the owner of Rothamsted, four are nominated
by the Royal Society, one by the Chemical Society, one by the Linnean
Society ; and two by the Royal Agricultural Society of England.

From June 1843 until the death of Sir John Lawes, which occurred in
August 1900, Sir J. H. Gilbert was the Director of the Experimental Station
and collaborated with Lawes in all the work. Gilbert died in Dec. 1901, and
in Oct. 1902 Mr. A. D. Hall, F.R.S., became Director of the Station.

In 1855 the Laboratory was built with the funds collected by public,
subscription amongst the agriculturists of England. In 1888 the Sample
House was added for the storage of the very large number of samples
of experimentally grown crops, soils, &c., that had been accumulated. In
1904 a wing was added to the Laboratory by Mr. J. H. Mason, M.P., for
bacteriological investigations upon the soil, and further extensions are now
(1912) in progress.

The field experiments were started upon such fields of the Rotham>trd
Home Farm as were suitable for the purpose, and five of these fields were con-
veyed to the Lawes Agricultural Trust by the provisions of the original Trust
Deed. In 1911 a long lease was granted by the late Sir Charles Lawes-
Wittewronge of further areas of land adjoining the original experimental fields,
so that the Station is now in control of a farm of about 300 acres in area.

The original trust funds have been added to from time to time by various
benefactors ; more particularly by the Goldsmiths' Company, which gave in
1907 the sum of ,£10,000 for the endowment of investigations upon soil. The

X

:uw UFA OKI) OF THE HOYAL SOCIETY

Station now al.M> receixes a grant from the Board of Agriculture from the
KeM-arch Fund provided by the Development Commissioners.

Tlu' staff nou consists of Director, Chemist, Goldsmiths1 Soil Investigator,
Bacteriologist, Botanist, Organic Chemist, and two assistants.

The investigations conducted at Rothamsted may be classified as follows:—

1. Field I'^'pcrnnentn. On the original experimental fields the treatment of
the plots has in inanv eases been carried on without break or alteration since
and in nearly all eases since 1852. One field is devoted to wheat, a
second to barley, a third to root crops, a fourth to leguminous crops, and a
fifth to liav. The plan of the experiments has been to divide these fields
into plots, eaeh of which receives a different manurial treatment which is
repeated year by year, and is so arranged,as to provide all the possible variations
in the supply of nutriment to the plant. On another field the same crop is
not grown continuously, but a rotation of crops is followed. The effect of the
manures upon the yield of the crops may be considered to have been settled
long ;lg() by these experimental plots, but they continue to yield material for
the investigation of the part played by the different constituents of the plant
upon its general nutrition, and upon the composition of crops grown under
various conditions of nutriment. The soil has also become profoundly altered
bv the long-continued manurial treatment and affords material which throws
light upon the behaviour of other soils of naturally abnormal composition.
Other experimental fields have since been added to investigate the residue left
bv different fertilizers, the effect of green crops and other additions of organic
matter to the soil, the value of certain new fertilizers, &c., &c.

.-'. J'\rdin<r Experiments. During the earlier years of the experiments a
number of trials with animals were made at Rothamsted in order to determine
t he composition of oxen, sheep, and pigs and of their increase in fattening. The
relation of food to live weight increase, the relative value in the nitrogenous
and non-nitrogenous constituents of food, the relation of nitrogenous food to
work, and the sources of fat in the animal's body were determined. These
investigations were conducted with all the precision that was then obtainable,
and though much of the work has since been superseded by more refined
methods of research, they provide many of the fundamental data upon which
the theory of animal nutrition was built up.

3. Investigation* o/> the biology of the soil. Much of the earlier work of the
Station was concerned with the question of the sources of nitrogen in vege-
tation, and the work of Lawes, Gilbert, and Pugh maybe taken to have finally
•I the question that the higher plants themselves do not assimilate
atmospheric nit rogen. After the discovery by Helreigel and Wilfarth in 1866
of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in symbiosis on the roots of leguminous
plants, much of their work was repeated and verified at Rothamsted, and
I confirmations of their observations were obtained upon a field
Late, work has largely been concerned with the effects of the other

THE LA WES AGRICULTURAL TRUST ;«o:

nitrogen-fixing orgunisnis living free in the soil,. ind from on. ot 'the experimental
fields considerable light has been thrown upon tin- origin «>f the lu-cumulated
nitrogen in virgin soils. The research of the late K. NVai ington, I .U.S., upon
nitrification and the organisms concerned therein was conducted in the
Kothamsted Laboratory. Latterly the existence in the soil of another group
of larger organisms which reduce its fertility by keeping in check the develop-
ment of bacteria has been demonstrated, and this sul,j(,t i> no\\ under investi-
gation, both in the laboratory and in the field.

4. Mbce&aneous. Other investigations have dealt with the botanical t .
position of the herbage of meadows and the change brought about by manurial
and other treatment, the nitrogen constituents of rain and drainage waters
the effects of plant growth and of manures upon the acidity or alkalinity of
the soil, the removal of calcium carbonate from the soil, and the effect* of
manures and soils upon the composition of farm crops.

X. STANDARD WKICIITS AND MEASURES.

The Imperial Standard Yard and Pound in actual use for all important
comparisons are at the Standards Office. Four copies of each of them are
deposited in other places in case of injury or loss of the standards. One set
of copies is in the custody of the Royal Society.

x 2

KKl'OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

XI. Km CATIOXAL INSTITUTIONS.
UNIVERSITIES.

Hoard- of Klector.- to the— x

i.-ui Profe-.-. or>hip of Geometry

Savilian Profes.-or-hip of Astronomy

Sedleian Profe-or>hip of Natural Philosophy

Professorship of Kxperimental Philosophy

\\ ykeham Professorship of Physic.-,

U'aynflete Professorship of CluMiiistry

Waynflete Professorship of Mineralogy

Professorship of Ueolotry.
( anihridire. Hoard of Klectors to the —

Lowndean Professorship of Astronomy ami Geometry
Liverpool I'niversity Court, one representative named by the Council of the Royal Society.
Bristol University Court , „ » » » »

The I^-esident of the Royal Society
is an t',r ofticio member.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

hodie> of :

Charterhouse School, one representative appointed by the Council of the Royal Society.

Christ's Hospital, „ „ » » »

Duhvich College, ,, ,, >•> » »

Kton Colleiri'. „ „ jj « »

Harrow School, ,, „ » » »

Ku^by School, ,, „ ,> )) »

Shrewsbury School, ,, „ ,, ,, ,,

\\'estminst.er School, „ „ ,, » >,

Winchester ('oil eye, ., J? » » »

( )THER INSTITUTIONS.

Athenaeum Club (( ominittee). Tlie President. K.f qfficio.

Hritish Museum (Trustee). „ „

City and (luilds of London Institute

••vernor). „ ,,

Hunterian Museum (Trustee).
Imperial ( ancer Research Fund.
Imperial College of Science and Tech-
nology.

Li-ter Institute of I'reventive Medicine.
Military Education (Advisory Hoard).
I'layue in India (Advisory Committee).
Soane Museum.
Tropical Di-ea-e- Advis»»ry Hoard. „ „ ,,

The President of the Royal Society is also c,r officJo an honorary member of the Royal
Iri-h Academy.

Two representatives appointed by the Council.

One representative appointed by the Council.
Two representatives appointed by the Council.
One representative appointed by the Council.
Two representatives appointed by the Council.
One representative appointed by the Council.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS

1 named
and Roval

al Fellows.

Date of
Election

Apr. 22

May 20

1663

Brouncker, William, Viscount, President.

Moray, Sir Robert, Kt.

Boyle, Robert.

Brereton, William ; afterwards Lord.

Digby, Sir Kenelm, Kt.

Talbot, Sir Gilbert, Kt.

Neile, Sir Paul, Kt.

Slingsby, Henry.

Petty, Sir William, Kt.

Clarke, Timothy, M.D.

Wilkins, John,D.D., Secretary ; afterwards Bp. of Chester.

Ent, George, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Erskyn (Aerskine), William.

Goddard, Jonathan, M.D.

Balle, William, Treasurer.

Wren, Matthew.

Evelyn, John.

Henshaw, Thomas.

Palmer, Dudley.

Hill, Abraham.

Oldenburg, Henry, Secretary.

Alleyn, John.

Annesley, James, Lord.

Ashmole, Elias.

Austen, John.

Awbrey, John.

Ball, Peter.

Barrow, Isaac, D.D.

Bate, George, M.D.

Bayne, Thomas, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Berkeley, George, Lord ; afterwards Earl.

Boyle, Richard.

Brook, John ; afterwards Bt.

Bruce, David, M.D.

Bruce, Robert, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Aylesbury.

Buckingham, George, Duke of.

1 The Old Style calendar is observed ; until 1752 the year begins on March 26.

KKC'OKI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Original Fellows.

Date of
Klcctioii

1663 (continued}

( 'a \ nulls! i, William, Lord; afterwards Dukeof Devonshire.

Charlton, Walter, M.D.

(May ton, John ; afterwards Kt.

Col wall, Daniel.

Cotton, Edward, D.D.

(\>\e, Thomas, M.D.

Crawford and Lyndsay, John, Earl of.

('room-, William, M.D.

Denham, Sir John, Kt. of the Bath.

Devonshire, William, Earl of.

Dorchester, Henry, Marquess of.

Dryden, John (the poet).

Ellis, Andrew.

Fane, Sir Francis, Kt. of the Bath.

Finch, Sir John, Kt.

Glisson, Francis, M.D.

Graunt, John.

Haak, Theodore.

Hammond, William.

Harley, Sir Robert, Kt.

Hatton, Christopher, Lord.

Hayes, James ; afterwards Kt.

Henshaw, Nathaniel, M.D.

Iloare, William, M.D.

Holder, William, D.D.

Hooke, Robert ; afterwards LL.D.

Hoskins, John ; afterwards Bt. (P.R.S. 1682).

Howard, Charles.

Jones, Richard ; afterwards Earl of Ranelagh.

Kincardine, Alexander, Earl of.

King, Sir Andrew, Kt.

Le Febure, Nicasius.

Long, James ; afterwards Bt.

Lowther, Anthony.

Lucas, John, Lord.

Massareene, John, Viscount.

Merret, Christopher, M.D.

Morgan, Sir Anthony, Kt.

Needham, Jasper, M.D.

Neile, William.

Northampton, James, Earl of.

Nott, Sir Thomas, Kt.

Packer, Philip.

Pa.ton, Sir Robert, Bt. and K.B. ; afterwards Earl of

Yarmouth.
Pell, John, D.D.
IV.xall, Sir William, Kt.
Pelt, Peter.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <>I I KLLows

ml Fellows.

Date qf
Election

May 20

June 22

July 1

5»

8

15

22

»
29

Aug. 5
19

1663 (cnnfwn.;!)

Pett, Sir Peter, Kt.

Pope, Walter, M.D.

Povey, Thomas.

Powle, Henry.

Powle, Sir Richard, K.H.

Proby, Henry.

Quatremain, William, M.D.

Sandwich, Edward, Earl of.

Scarburgh, Charles, M.D. ; afterwanU Kt.

Schroter, William.

Shaen, Sir James, Kt. and Bt.

Smyth, George, M.D.

Southwell, Robert ; afterwards Kt. (P.R.S. 1690).

Sprat, Thomas ; afterwards D.D., Bishop of Rochester.

Stanhope, Alexander.

Stanley, Thomas.

Terne, Christopher, M.D.

Tuke, Samuel ; afterwards Kt.

Vermuyden, Cornelius ; afterwards Kt.

Waller, Edmund.

Wallis, John, D.D.

Ward, Seth, Bishop of Exeter.

Whistler, Daniel, M.D.

Williamson, Joseph; afterwards Kt. (P.R.S. 1677).

Willughby, Francis.

Winthrop, John.

Wren, Christopher, D.C.L. agd LL.D. ; afterwards Kt.

(P.R.S. 1680).
Wren, Thomas, M.D.
Wyche, Sir Cyril, Kt. (P.R.S. 1683).
Wyche, Sir Peter, Kt.
Wylde, Edmund.
Wynde, William.
Birkenhead, Sir John, Kt.
Bysshe, Sir Edward, Kt.
Huyghens, Christian.
Sorbiere, Samuel.

Isham, Sir Justinian, Bt.

Power, Henry, M.D.

Fraizer, Alexander, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Vabres de Fresars, V. Beaufort.

Harley, Sir Edward, Kt. of the Bath.

Ford, Henry ; afterwards Kt.

Talbot, Sir John, Kt.

Waterhouse, Edward.

Ashley, Antony, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury.

Bathurst, Ralph, M.D. ; afterwards D.D.

KKCOHD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

[1664N.S.]

[ 1665 N.S.]

Date of

/•'.l<rtion

Aug. 19

Nov. 4
11

n

18

Dec. 9
16

Jan. 6
27

Feb. 3
Mar. 23

Mar. 30
Apr. 20
May 25
June 1
Nov. 2

9

23

»

Dec. 7
14

21
28

Jan. <)

18

K

15
22

1663 (continued)

Bral. .John ; afterwards D.I).

Pettus, Sir John, Bt.

Argyle, Archibald, Earl of.

Coxe, Thomas.

(lomeldon, William.

Potter, Rev. Francis.

Peterborough, Henry, Earl of.

Willis, Thomas, M.I).

Leighton, Sir Ellis, Kt.

Creed, John.

Dungarvan, Charles, Lord.

Lowther, Sir John, Bt.

Smith (Smyth), Edward.

Tweeddale, John, Earl of.

Williams, Roger.

Burnet (Burnett), Gilbert; aft. D.D. and Bp. of Salisbury

Carkess, James.

1664

Hevelius, Johannes (recte Hewelcke).

Vossius, Rev. Isaacus; afterwards D.C.L.

More, Henry, D.D.

Neale, Thomas.

Godolphin, William ; afterwards Kt.

Hoare, James.

Newburgh, John.

Woodford, Samuel.

Atkyns, Sir Robert, Kt.

Cutler, Sir John, Kt.

Bagenall, Nicholas.

Thynne, Thomas ; afterwards Bt. and Viscount Wey-

mouth.

Harvey, John.
Glanvill, Rev. Joseph.
Rolt, Thomas.
Slanning, Sir Nicholas, K.B.
Churchill, Sir Winston, Kt.
Portman, Sir William, Kt, Bt., and K.B.
Albemarle, George, Duke of.
King Charles II (Founder).

York, James, Duke of ; afterwards King James II.
Stafford, William, Viscount.
Brunswick, Ferdinand Albert, Duke of.
Clarendon, Kdwanl, Karl of.
Illount, Colonel Thomas.
IVpys, Samuel (P.R.S. 1684).
Carteret, Philip ; afterwards Kt.
Daniel, M.I).

CHRONOLOGICAL KK(,1STKK <>1 I KLLo\VS 318

[1667 N.S.]

Date of
Election

1664 (continued)

Mar. 22

Sheldon, Gill)ert, D.D., Archbishop <>t '( '.-intrrlmry.

>?

Rupert, Prince.

1665

Mar. 29

Stearne, Richard, D.D., Archbishop of York.

H

Henchman, Humphrey, D.D., Bishop of I Bunion.

»

Dolben, John, D.D., Dean of Westmii^t vards

Abp. of York.

May 3

Corbet, Sir Richard, Bt.

»»

Dorset, Richard, Earl of.

10

De Vaux, Sir Theodore, Kt.

>»

Manchester, Edward, Earl of.

17

Hayward, Sir William, Kt.

24

Thruston, Malachy, M.D.

June 14

Carlisle, Charles, Earl of.

28

De Dumas, Vital.

j?

De Lionne, Hugues Louis.

Mar. 21

Cock, Captain George.

•>t

Harrington, William.

1666

May 9
23

Copplestone, John.
Yester, John, Lord ; afterwards Marquess of Tweeddale.

Auzout, Adrian.

Crisp, Thomas ; afterwards Kt.

June 13

Parker, Samuel ; afterwards D.D. and Bishop of Oxford.

27

July 18

Nelthorpe, Edward.
King, Edmond ; afterwards M.D. and Kt.

Aug. 29
Nov. 14

Stormont, David, Viscount.
Laney, Benjamin, Bishop of Lincoln ; afterwards of Ely.

Mercator, Nicholas.

Robartes, John, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Radnor.

21
28

Lindsey, Robert, Earl of.
Howard, Henry ; afterwards Duke of Norfolk.

Dec. 12

Morley, George, Bishop of Winchester.
Rycaut, Paul ; afterwards Kt.

Feb. 14
Mar. 14

Lake, Thomas.
Pearson, John, D.D. ; afterwards Bishop of Chester

(Exposition of the Creed).

1667

Mar. 28

Clifton, Sir Clifford, Kt. and Bt.

Apr. 4

Bullialdus, Ismael (rectt Bulliau).

A

Petit, Pierre.

Smethwick, Francis.

May 16

Skippon, Philip ; afterwards Kt.

30

Harley, Thomas.

:*1 I-

KKCORI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date <>f
1'lhrtion

Juni

»»
Oct

17

Nov. 7

[1668 N.S.]

Dec. 5

»
Jan. 2

Feb. 6

[1669 NA]

13
20

Apr. 9
16

»
30

May 14

28
June 11

Aug. 6
. 5

Dec. 3

10
Jan. 14

1667 (continued}

, Sir Bernard, Bt. (rectc Bernardo Guasconi).
Needham. \Valter, M.D.
Curtius. Sir William, Kt. and Bt.
Berkeley, Sir Maurice, Kt. and Bt.
Key mes. Col. Bullen.
Lower. Richard, M.D.
Collins. John.
Beringhen, Theodor yon.
Clerke, Henry, M.D.
Stuart (Stewart), Sir Nicholas, Bt.
Wruy, John, M.A. (Ray after 1670).
A^lionby, William, M.D.
Leyonbergh, Johann.
SoaiiK-, William.
Ubaldini, Count Carlo.
Berkeley, Sir Charles, Bt. ; afterwards Earl.
Oudart, Nicholas.
l)u Moulin, Jacques, M.D.
Downes, John, M.D.
Brown, Edward, M.D.
Con way, Edward, Lord.
Eustace, Sir Maurice, Kt.
Hotham, Rev. Charles.
Straftbrde, William, Earl of.
Allen, Thomas, M.D.
Le Hunt, William.

Flower, .

Ward, Esay.

1668

Cuulia, Don Antonio Alvares da.

Anglesey, Arthur, Earl of.

Harby, Sir Erasmus, Bt.

Flatman, Thomas.

Woodroff'e, Benjamin ; afterwards D.D.

( 'olwall, John.

Colepeper (Collepepyr), Thomas.

(iregory (Gregorie), James.

Ardrnie, James, D.D.

Courtliope, Peter.

Howard, Edward (of Norfolk).

Fit/lianlinge, Maurice, Viscount.

Lucy, Sir Kingsmill, Bt.

Locke, John.

l-'inch, Daniel.

Chamberlayne, Edward ; afterwards LL.D. and D.C.L.
Hanks, Sir John, Bt.

Titus, Col.

CHRONOLOGICAL KKC.ISTKK <>1 FELLOWS 815

Date of
Election

1668 (continued}

Jan. 21
28
Feb. 4
Mar. 4

Oct. 28
Nov. 18

Dec. 9

Apr. 21
Dec. 15
Mar. 23

Nov. 2

Jan. 11
18
25

May 22
Oct. 30
Nov. 6

Apr. 9

j»
June 4

Nov. 6

»
27

Dec. 11

»*

Inure, .lame-.

rlorneck, Anthony ; afU-i -\\urd- D.I)
Castle, George, M.D.
Malpighi, Marcello.

1669
Jeffreys, Edward.
Harrington, Thoma-.
Hiarne, Urban.
Souza, Don Gas par Mere/ de.
Stiernhielm, Georg.

1670

Helmfeld, Gustuviis.
Monceaux, Andre.
Williams, Sir John, Kt. and Bt.
Matthews, Sir Philip, Bt.

1671

Reading, Robert ; afterwards Bt.
Lister, Martin ; afterwards M.D.
Grew, Nehemiah, M.D.
Newton, Isaac ; Kt. in 1705 (P.R.S. 1703).
Holies, Capt. Sir Frescheville, Kt. *

Tillotson, John, D.D. ; afterwards Archbishop of Can-
terbury.

1672

Cassini, Jean Dominique.

Vernon, Francis.

Howard, Henry, Ld., of Castle Rising; afterwards

Duke of Norfolk.
Howard, Thomas.

1673

Bernard, Edward, B.D.

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von.

Herbert, Lord Charles ; afterwards Marquess of Woi

cester.

Howard, John Stafford.
Isham, Sir Justinian, Bt.
Lawrence, Sir John, Kt.
Ford, Sir Richard, Kt.
Player, Sir Thomas, Kt.
Winn, Rowland.

Birch, Andrew ; afterwards M.D.
Robartes, Francis. ^
Strangeways, Col. Giles.

31 <>

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

[1675 N.S.;

[1676 N>

[1677 N.S.]

[1678N.S.)

Date of

t'ton

1673 (continued)

Dec. 11

Le Gassick, John, M.D.

»

Slusius, Henatus Franciscus,

Castell, Edmund, D.D.

1674

Nov. 30

Jcnkes, Henry ; afterwards D.D.

Dec. 3

.Moore, Sir Jonas, Kt.

Jan. 14

^WHiichcote, Sir Paul, Bt.

?»

Millcs, Daniel, B.D.

Feb. 18

Percivale, Sir Philip, Bt.

1675

Nov. 30
1-Vb. 10

Halifax, George, Viscount ; afterwards Marquess of.
Mapletoft, John, M.D. ; afterwards D.D.

»>

Sheers, Capt. Henry.

?»

Hall, Henry.

JJ

Travagino, Francesco.

1676

Nov. 30.

Edgcumbe, Sir Richard, Bt.

5»

Clutterbuck, Sir Thomas, Kt.

J>

King, John.

Feb. 8

Croke, Sir George, Kt.

?5
?5

Baldwin, Christopher Adolphus.
Flam steed, John.

>?

Colwall, Daniel.

«

Ent, George.

)J

Hill, Oliver.

1677

Dec. 6

Wyndham, .

»

Gale, Thomas, D.D. )

»>

Plot, Robert, D.C.L. (adm.)

19

Smith, Thomas ; afterwards D.D.J

13

ColU-ton, Sir Peter, Kt.

»»

Herbert, John.

95

Wheler, George ; afterwards Bt. and D.D.

Jan. 17

Langham, Sir .lames, Bt.

j>

Kcckrini^ius, Theodorus.

81

Chetwynd, Walter.

?>

Dickenson, Edmund, M.D.

I-.-inc. JoM-ph.

1678

80

«»M, 1-Yanris.

«•

M;i\ou. John, D.C.L.

Nan (!•• Bcind«-, Jolin.

«

Prrry, \Villiam.

CHRONOLOGICAL KK(,ISTKK

I KLLOWS :U7

.S.J

180 N.S.]

Date of
Election

Nov. 30

Feb. 6

20

Dec. 1

18
Jan. 29

Feb. 5
Mar. 12

Apr. 1

29
Dec. 16

Apr. 6

JJ

27

Nov. 9

1678 (continued)

Cliiverus, Dethlevus.

Halley, Edmund; afterward-

Capt. R.N., and D.C.L.
Moxon, Joseph.
Hannisius, David.
Spanheim, Ezekiel von.
Sheridan, Thomas.
Waller, Sir William.

1679

Tyson, Edward, M.D.

Paman, Henry, M.D.

Naper, William.

Sarotti, Giovanni Ambro*io.

Bridgeman, William.

Pigot, Thomas.

Heusch, Johann Christian, M.D.

Firmin, Thomas.

Hough ton, John.

Leeuwenhoeck, Antonj van.

Perkins, Peter.

Moore, Jonas.

1680

Nelson, Robert.
Clenche, Andrew, M.D.
Wood, Capt. John, R.N.
Pighius, Jacobus, M.D.
Slare, Frederick, M.D. (adm.).

1681

Wood, Robert, D.C.L.
Deane, Sir Anthony, Kt.
Chamberlen, Hugh, M.D.
Perci vale, Sir John, Bt.
Meredith, Roger.
Rogers, John.
Salusbury, Oliver.

Novell, , Dr.

Ward, Sir Patience, Kt.

Waller, Richard.

Sambrooke, Jeremy ; afterwards Kt.

Braddon, Laurence.

Goodwyn, .

Jordis, John Philip, M.D.

Eve, Henry.

Payne, William.

Penn, William (Founder of Pennsylvania).

Autronum. -t Royal,

KKCOR1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

[1684 N.8.]

1 1685 N.S.]

Date
Klection

Nov.

30

Dec. 7
14

Apr. X»G
July 12
Nov. s

29
30

Dec. 13

20

May 2

July 4
18
25

Nov. 30

Mar. 19

Apr. .'50
Nov. 12

vi
19

55

55
55

Inn. :>1

May 13

1681 (continued)

(iwyiine, Sir Rowland, Kt.
('mil, Jodocus, M.D.
Robinson, Richard, M.D.
I todwik, Francis.
Lfti, Gregorio.
Dorislaus, Isaac.
Jush-1, Henry, D.C.L.
Blackburne, Samuel.

1682

Haddu, Muhammad ibn (Moroccan Ambassador).

Mills, Walter, M.D. '

Turner, John.

Pager, Edward.

Papin, Denis, M.D.

Borghese, Marcantonio, Principe.

Faria, Giuseppe de.

Chardin, Sir John, Kt.

Beuninghen, Conrad van.

Pitt, Roberh, M.D.

1683

Gould, William.

Haynes, Edward.

Wetenhall, Edward, D.D., Bp. of Cork and Ross.

Moulin, Allen, M.D.

Willughby, Charles, M.D.

Vincent, Nathaniel, D.D.

Bailey, Arthur.

Musgrave, William, B.C.L.; since M.D.

1684

Munchausen, Benjamin von.
D'Ablancourt, Fremont.
Monson, James.
Beaumont, Richard.
Baker, Rev. Thomas.
Pitfeild, Alexander.

Robinson, Tancred ; afterwards Kt. and M.D.
Clarendon, Henry, Karl of.

Vaughan, John, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Carbery
(P.H.S. 10H6).
. Hans, M.I). ; afterwards Bt. (P.R.S. 1727).

1685

Pembroke and Montgomery, Thomas, Earl of (P.R.S.

1689).
Villermont, Esprit Cabart de.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <>1 1 I 1 I < )\\ S :n-.i

Date of
Election

1685 (contit,,

May 13

Nov. 25
Feb. 3

Nov. 3

«

17
Dec. 8
Mar. 9

Dec. 14

Nov. 30

Nov. 30

Dec. 1

Nov. 30

Nov. 30

Beaumont, John.

Leigh, Charles, M.D.

Bulkeley, Sir Richard. Hi.

Gordon, Sir Robert, Bt.

Molyneux, William.

Ashe, St. George; afterwards D.I), ami Up. «.!' Clogher.

1686

Molyneux, Thomas, M.B.; afterwards Bt.

Harwood, John ; afterwards I.L.I).

Havers, Clopton, M.D.

Mears, — — .

Sylvius, Jacobus, M.D.

1687

Valvasor, Johann Weikhard, Freiherr von.
Wotton, William ; afterwards D.D.
Hautefeuille, Jean de.
Middleton, Benjamin.
Duillier, J. Nicolas Fatio de.

1688

Pechlin, Joannes Nicolaus, M.D.

Vieussens, Raymond, M.D.

Stampfer, Joannes Adamus.

Adair, John.

Clayton, Sir Robert, Kt.

Stillingfleet, Edward ; afterwards M.D.

Gresham, Charles.

1689

Witsen, Nicolaus.
Stanley, William, D.D.
Raphson, Joseph.
Moult, George.

Grandi, Jacomo.

1690

1691

JJW*

Copley, Sir Godfrey, Kt. and Bt. (Founder of the Copley

Medal).
Day, Thomas.
Torriano, Alessandro; afterwards LL.D.

1692

Trumbull, Sir William, Kt., D.C.L.
Isaac (Issac), Dr. Charles ; afterwards Kt.

320

KECOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Dtif

tlon

Nov.

55

••

«•

Dee.

M

14

Nov.

30

55

55

55

55

55

55

Nov.

30

••

55

Oct.
Nov.

23
27

55

55

30

n

Dee.

55

18

Apr.

29

n

55

n

55

1692 (continual}

Heinson, .lohaiin Theodor.

Lany, Rev. Edward ; afterwards D.D.

Southwell, Ivlward.

Gregory (Grei;orie), David, M.D.

Hlaekwell, Jonas.

Lane, Ralph.

Douglas, Lord George (adm.).

Marsigli, Luigi Ferdinando, Conte.

Dolaeus, Joannes. M.D.

Tarbat, George, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Cromarty.

Panle, Louis, M.D.

1693

Woodward, John, M.D.

Briggs, Robert.

Kirke, Thomas.

Henley, John.

Radnor, Charles Bodvill, Earl of.

Willoughby, Sir Thomas, Bt. ; afterwards Ld. Middleton

Franck-von-Franckenau, Georg.

Wren, Christopher.

1694

Brydges, James ; afterwards Duke of Chandos.
Jackson, John.
Gordon, Patrick.

1695

Bottoni, Domenico, M.D.

Doody, Samuel. j

Petiver, James. I (adm.).

Connor, Bernard, M.D.

Del Bene, Tommaso.

Montagu, Charles ; afterwards Earl of Halifax

(P.R.S. 1695). [-(adm.).

Bentley, Richard ; afterwards D.D.
Pnjolas. Moise.

1696

Smith, Kdward, D.D. ; afterwards Bp. of Down and

Connor (adm.).

Searlot ti, Pomponio, Barone di.
Viviani, Vinren/o.
I'ornassari, Ippolito A.
Bridgeman, Orlando; afterwards Kt.
Hyrd, William.

Harris, John ; afterwards D.D.
Bon-Flgliolo, Silvestro.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 8*1

t698 N.S.]

1699 N.S.]

Date of
Election

Apr. 29
July 15

Nov. 30

55
55

Nov. 30

55

55
55

Mar. 23

55
55
55
55
55
55

July 6

Nov. 9

55

30

Jan. 11

55
55
55
55
55
55

30

1696 (contintvd)

Bidloo, Gothofridus, M.I).

Foley, Thomas; afterwards Lord !'<•!

Lowndes, Ralph.

Chad wick, .

Ryley, Philip ; afterwards Kt.

Spoleti, Francesco.

Petty, Henry ; afterwards Earl of Shelburne.

Bernard, Charles.

Newey, John.

Cockburn, William, M.D.

Howard, Hugh.

1697

Basnage de Beauval, Jac(jiu->.

Hutton, John, M.D.

De Moivre, Abraham.

Stepney, George.

Thoresby, Ralph.

Cassini, Jacques.

Prior, Matthew (the poet).

Lucy, Sir Berkeley, Bt.

Guglielmini, Domenico.

Emmet, Maurice.

Fryer, John, M.D.

Moles worth, Robert; afterwards Viscount Molesworth.

1698

Becker, Balthasar, M.D.

Baglivi, Giorgio.

Geoffroy, Estienne Fra^ois.

Reay, George, Lord.

Seafield, James, Viscount ; afterwards Earl of Finlater.

Norris, Edward, M.D.

Stanley, John ; afterwards Kt. and Bt.

Isted, Thomas.

Haistwell, Edward.

Somers, John, Lord (P.R.S. 1698).

Spencer, Charles, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Sunderland.

Dorset, Charles, Earl of.

Shirley, R.

Worth, George.

Agricola, George Andre.

Krieg, David, M.D.

Williams, .

Cowper, William.

1699

Browne, Thomas, M.D.
Bowes, Martin.

V

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

[1702N.S.]

[1703 N.S.]

1 Bourdelin ap-
pean in the an-
nnal lists from
1708 until 1710.
On Juno 28, 1711.
his death was an-

was

ordered that his
name shou 1

•

list.

' ton's name
appears in the
annual list
1708

Date of

lion

1699 (continued)

N

Dec. 20

Oct. 30
Nov. 30

Nov. 30

JJ

Dec. 3

JJ

31

Jan. 14
Mar. 18

May 6

Nov. 30

Feb. 3

p

i

May 2
Nov. 30

Buissiere, Paul.
Silvestre, Pierre.
Menkenius, Johann Burchard.
Cunningham, James.
Lonsdale, John, Viscount.
Pound, James, M.B.

1700

Hammond, Anthony (adm.).

Sperling, Otto.

Cyprianus, Abraham, ^l.D.

Sydenham, Sir Philip, Bt., M.D.

du Bois, Charles.

Keill, John, M.D.

1701

Drake, James, M.D.

Leyoncrona, Christ, de.

Percivale, Sir John, Bt. ; afterwards Earl of Egmont.

Shadwell, John, M.D. ; afterwards Kt. (adm.).

Arthington, Cyril (adm.).

Le Vassor, Michael (adm.).

Cheyne, George ; afterwards M.D.

De la Pryme, Abraham.

1702

Tompson, Robert.

Vernon, .

Chamberlayne, John.
Lowthorp, John.
Young, James.

Ludlow, .

Chardellou, Jean.
Derham, William.

1 Bourdelin, Claude, M.D.

2 Hotton, Pieter.

3 Boothe,Peniston; afterwards D.D. and Dean of Windsor.

1703

Breynius, Johannes Philippus.
Hickes, John.
Morland, Joseph, M.D.
Dudley, Sir Matthew, Bt.
Morton, Rev. John.
M< ad, Richard, M.D.
Ai-okim-, Robert, M.D.
Oliver, William, M.I).

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS

h»rter-Book
mission, but
une does not
ur in any an-

liBt.

706 N.S.]

lected June 5,
>rding to the
rnal-Book, but
i not appear in
annual list.

Date of
Election

Nov. 30

Nov. 30

Nov. 30

Feb. 13

Apr. 3

99
99

99
99

June 5

Nov. 20

99
99

99

1703 (continued)

Shaw, Joseph.

Hodgson, James.

Stubs, Rev. Philip.

Valisnieri, Antonio.

Rivinus, August Quirinus, M.D.

Scheuchzerus, Joannes Jacobus, M.I).

Timone, Emanuele, M.D.

Robartes, Russell.

1704

George of Denmark, Prince.
Morland, Samuel.
Fuller, John.
Fellowes, William.
Tooke, Andrew.

Annesley, .

Clavell, Walter.
Arbuthnot, John, M.D.

1705

Heathcote, Sir Gilbert, Kt.

Mortimer, John.

Lennard, Dacre Barret.

Hauksbee, Francis.

Thorpe, John ; afterwards M.D.

Worsley, Henry.

King, William, D.D., Archbishop of Dublin.

Nicolson, William, Bp. of Carlisle ; afterwards Abp. of

Cashel.

Buys, Willem.
Burnet, William.

Bisse, Philip; afterwards D.D. and Bishop of Hereford.
Savery, Capt. Thomas.

1706

Cowper, William ; afterwards Earl.

Townshend, Charles, Viscount.

Poulett, John, Earl.

Orrery, Charles, Earl of.

Duillier, Jean Christophe Fatio de.

Brian9on, Comte de.

Guiscard, Antoine, Marquis de.

Van Vrijberge, Willem.

1 Garth, Samuel, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Gallucci, .

Lancisi, Giuseppe Maria, M.D.
Douglas, James, M.D.
Wanley, Humphrey.

Y2

:;•_' 1

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

[ 1707 N.S.]

Date of
Election

Nov. 20
Dec. 4

Mar. 19

May 28

»
Dec. 1

Apr. 7

May 12
Nov. 30

May 4

1706 (continued}

Shippen, Robert ; afterwards D.D.

Nicholson, Col. Francis.

Sherard, James ; afterwards Hon. M.D.

Forster, Thomas.

Knight, John.

Frankland, Thomas.

Frankland, William.

Holt, Rowland.

Morland, Benjamin.

1707

Roxburghe, John, Duke of.

Montrose, James, Duke of.

Trevor, Sir Thomas, Kt. ; afterwards Lord.

Ayres, Thomas.

Venables, James.

Hoy, Thomas, M.D.

Plumptre, Henry, M.D.

1708

Pratt, Benjamin, D.D.

Woodford, Thomas.

Mills, Thomas, B.D., Bishop of Waterford.

Markham, Sir George, Bt.

Hamilton, Sir David, M.D., Kt.

Williams, .

Bridges, John.

Whalley, Thomas.

Stamford, Thomas, Earl of.

Chesterfield, Philip, Earl of.

Cornaro, Francesco.

Lavater, Jean Rodrigue, M.D.

Fellowes, William.

Balle, Robert.

Tighe, Richard.

Lawrence, Sir Edward, Kt.

Foley, Richard.

Tilli, Michael Angelo, M.D.

Lloyd, Owen.

Ayres, Charles Nicholas.

Hutcheson, Archibald.

1709

Magalotti, Conte Lorenzo.

Cressener, Henry.

Newton, Henry, D.C.L. ; afterwards Kt.

Leopold, Jean Frederic, M.D.

Grandi, Guido.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 8*5

1712 N.S.]

Date of
Ekctwn

May 4

Nov. 8

91

Nov. 30

Nov. 30

Mar. 20

Oct. 23

1709

Hunter, Col. Robert.
Tufnell, Samuel.

1710

Bianchi, Vendramin.
Wolfius, Jean Christian.
Barnes, Joshua, B.D.
Brigs tocke, Owen.
Machin, John.
Tanner, Joseph.
Poleni, Giovanni.
Geekie, Alexander.

1711

Hill, Rev. Samuel.
Collet, Philibert.
Gyllenborg, Carl, Count.
Sandilands, Alexander, M.D.
Wyvill, Sir Marmaduke, Bt.

Linda, .

Douglas, Col. Walter.
Bonet, Ludwig Friedrich.
Bellers, Fettyplace.
Cheselden, William.
Craig, John.
Jones, William.
Cotes, Roger.
Greene, Thomas.
Parker, Sir Thomas, Kt.

Earl of Macclesfield.
Dupplin, George, Viscount; afterwards E. of Kmnoull.
Harley, Robert, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Oxford.
Taylor, Brook ; afterwards LL.D.
Freind, John, M.D.

Sprat, Yen. Thomas; Archdeacon of Rochester.
Aland, John Fortescue ; afterwards Ld. Fortescue of

Credan.

Le Neve, Peter.
Kempe, John.
Pellet, Thomas, M.D.
Keill, James, M.D.

1712

Grimani, Pietro ; afterwards Doge of Venice.
Duliolo, Rinaldo.
Richardson, Richard, M.D.
Massey, Richard Myddleton, M.D.

afterwards Ld. Chan, and

326

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

[1713 N.S.]

[1714 N.S.]

Date of
Election

Oct. 23

55

Dec. 1

55
55
5?

Jan. 22
29

May 21
June 11

55
55
55
55
55

July 27
Mar. 11

July 29

55
55
55

Nov. 11
30

55
55

June 9

55
55
55
55

1712 (continued)

Rawlinson, Thomas.

Bower, Thomas, M.D.

Averani, Giuseppe.

Molyneux, Samuel.

Bernoulli, Jean, M.D.

Tempest, William.

Blair, Patrick ; afterwards M.D.

Bradley, Richard.

Inglis, John, M.D. (adm.).

Baldini, Giovanni Antonio, Conte. ) ,^m .

Bianchini, Francesco. j

1713

D'Aumont de Rochebaron, Louis, due.
Mellarede, Pierre de.

Kreienberg, von.

Rosenkrantz, Iver, Baron.

Barrett, Richard.

Oliphant, Charles, M.D.

Toilet, George.

Jablonski, Daniel Ernest.

Colson, John.

Mather, Cotton, D.D.

Brattle, William.

Leveret, Col. John.

Turner, Edmond.

Bromfield, Thomas, M.D.

Keck, Robert (Benefactor, Keck Bequest).

Bernoulli, Nicholas, M.D.

1714

Menzicoff, Prince Alexander de.
Folkes, Martin ; afterwards D.C.L. (P.R.S. 1741).
Varignon, Pierre.

Rawlinson, Rev. Richard ; afterwards D.C.L. (a non-
juror bishop).

Desaguliers, Rev. John Theophilus ; afterwards D.C.L.
Steigertahl, Johann Georg, M.D.
Jett, Thomas.
Stuart, Alexander.
Watkins, Thomas.

1715

Hodges, Thomas.
's Gravesande, Willem Jakob.
Ruysch, Friedrich, M.D.
Vincent, Levinus.
Marpurgher, Paul Jacob.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 827

ti's name first
ars in the list
17.

718 N.S.]

Date of
Election

June 9

Nov. i'o

30

99

Apr. 5

Nov. 30

Mar. Si

Mar. 28
Nov. 14

99
99

?

30

9>

Mar. 13

99

1715 (continued)

Newborough, Maj. Gen. George, Ld., D.C.L.; after-
wards Earl of Cholmondeley.

Louville, Jacques Eugene d'Allonville, le Chevalier de.
Geoffrey, Claude Joseph.
Montmort, Pierre Remond de.
Sherlock, John.

Pemberton, .

Paisley, James, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Abercorn.

Troni, Nicolo.

Valentini, Michaele Bernardo.

Conti, Antonio, Conte de\

Godfrey, John.

Moore, John.

Effen, Justus van.

Fleury, Francois Wicardel, Chevalier de.

Tozzi, Bruno.

1716

Nicholson, Henry, M.D.
Wicksted, John Churchill.

Cartwright, .

Volkra, Otto Christopher, Count.
Diescau, Johann Adolph, Baron von.
Monte Leone, Marques de.
Hodges, Sir Joseph, Bt.
Salvini, Antonio Maria.
Amyand, Claude.

Hollins, .

Guise, Col. John ; afterwards Lieut .-General.
D'Orci, Giuseppe, Marchese.
Simon, William.
Paul, Robert.
Hadley, John.

1717

Scheurer, Samuel, D.D.

Gale, Roger.

Hugo, Johann August, M.D.

Muratori, Luigi Antonio.

Jurin, James, M.D.

Barham, Henry.

Jeffreys, Walter.

1 Torti, Francesco.

Littlehales, Edmond, M.D.

Gee, Orlando.

Yale, Elihu (Benefactor of Yale University).

Welsted, Robert, Dr.

Wagstaffe, William, M.D.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

[1719 N.S.]

[1720 N.S.]

Date of
Klcct'utn

Mar. 13

July 3

Nov. 6

Dec. 1

55
55
55

55
11

55

55

55
55

55

Feb. 5

Mar. 12

Apr. 9

Nov. 5

55
»5
55
55

30
Feb. 25

1717 (continued)

Stukeley, Rev. William, M.B. ; afterwards M.D.
Hales, Rev. Stephen ; afterwards D.D.
.Montagu, John, Duke of.

1718

Mickleton, James.

\Yhiteside, John.

a Uipa, Ludovicus.

Cotesworth, Caleb, M.D.

Bradley, James ; afterwards D.D.

Saunderson, Nicholas ; afterwards LL.D.

Gay, Robert.

Bury, Sir Thomas, Kt., Lord Chief Baron.

Cadogan, Charles ; afterwards Lord.

Conduitt, John.

Campbell, James, M.D.

Stephens, William, M.D.

Crawys, Samuel.

Langny, Thomas Fantet de.

Bates, Thomas.

Bamber, John ; afterwards M.D.

Hollier, John, M.D.

Lawson, Sir Wilfrid, Bt.

Beckett, William.

Jussieu, Antonie, M.D.

Michaelotti, Pietro Antonio.

Linck, Johann Heinrich.

Bellers, John.

Smith, Robert ; afterwards LL.D. and D.D. (founded

Smith's Prizes).
Keyssler, Johann Georg.
Meres, Sir John, Kt.
Dairy m pie, .

1719

Cavendish, Lord James.
Busby, John.
Hill, James.
Rand, Isaac.
Williams, Rev. Moses.
Strachey, John.
Salmon-, Albert Henri de.
M Lam-in, Colin.

(iror^-s, John.
Hale, rharlr.s, M.D.
St. .John, Oliver.
ge.
Stuart, Charles, M.D.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER Ol 1 1 I LOWS 829

721 N.S.]

i722 N.S.]

Date of
Election

Feb. 25

55

Mar. l'o

June 30

55
55
55
55

Nov. 3

55

30

Mar. 9

55
55

55

Nov. 2

55
55
55
55
55

30

Feb. 1
Mar. 15

May 24

1719 (continued)

Sherard, William, D.C.L.

Palmer, Jeffrey.

Ketelbey, Abel.

Manningham, Richard, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Warburton, John.

Mathew, Gen. William.

1720

Recanati, Giambattista.

North and Grey, William, Lord.

Heathcote, Henry.

Pearce, Zachary ; afterwards D.D. and Bp. of Rochester.

Cuming, Alexander ; afterwards Bt.

Rutty, William, M.I).

Papillon, David.

Sanders, Samuel.

Beighton, Henry.

Dereham, Sir Thomas, Bt.

Des Maizeaux, Peter.

Hoffmann, Friedrich.

Douglas, John.

Pemberton, Henry, M.D.

Graham, George.

Sprengell, Conrad, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

East, William.

Hale, Richard, M.D.

1721

Hewett, Sir Thomas, Kt.

Savile, Sir George, Bt.

Dudley, Paul.

Barrowby, William, M.D.

Beale, John, M.D.

Woolhouse, John Thomas, M.D.

Western, William.

Browne, John.

Sussex, Talbot, Earl of.

Miles, Rev. Thomas.

Vater, Abraham, M.D.

Musgrave, Dr.

Bacon, Thomas Slater.

Lucas, Richard.

Molesworth, Col. Richard ; afterwards Lord.

1722

Sloane, William.
Morland, Samuel.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

[1723 VS. |

1 Cotton Mather
appears as eUrtt-.l
on 11 April. 17-j:;.
hiaelection in J 71 :'•
not hiivinj* been
duly rec

[1724 N.8.]

Date of

Kuctlon

Nov. 1

99

8
30

Jan. 17
Mar. 21

[Apr.
May

June

Nov.

11

2

99
99
99
99

9
27

99
99
99
99

14

99

21
30

99
99
99

Mar. 12

1722 (continued)

Harris. Rev. Samuel.

Taylor, Charles.

Parker, George, Lord ; afterwards E. of Macclesfield

(P.R.S. 1752).

Burlington, Richard, Earl of.
Hucks, Robert.
Borneman, Johan Philip.
St. Albans, Charles, Duke of.
Dickins, Ambrose.
Queensberry, Charles, Duke of.
Morgagni, Giambattista.
Yarmouth, William, Earl of.
Evelyn, Sir John, Bt.
White, John.

Cassano, Prince de, Nicolo Alerbe d'Aragona.
Le Due, Anthony, M.D.

1723

1 Mather, Cotton, D.D.]

D'Anteny, Gebhard.

Fenton, West.

Degge, Simon.

Armstrong, Col. John.

Glover, Philip.

Thornhill, Sir James, Kt.

Hewer, Hewer Edgley.

Wollaston, Francis.

Monro, Alexander; afterwards M.D.

Jones, Henry.

Samuda, Isaac de Sequeira, M.D.

Ferrari, Domenico, LL.D.

Deidier, Antoine, M.D.

Romney, Robert, Lord.

Fagnani, Conte Giulio Carlo de\

Ord, Ralph.

Burnet, Rev. Gilbert.

Ward, John ; afterwards LL.D.

Holloway, Benjamin.

Richmond, Charles, Duke of.

Meres, John.

Bvrom, John.

\ crnon. Rev. Edward ; afterwards D.D.

Kllys, Rev. Anthony ; afterwards D.D. and Bishop of

St. David's.
Ord, Robert.
Lethieullier, Smart.
('rii<|tiius Nicolaus.
DC LM»., Joseh Nicholas.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF I I -:i, LOWS 881

Date of
Election

Mar. 12

May 7

June 25

Nov. 30

Apr. 15

Apr. 29
Nov. 4

Dec. 9

May 12

1723

Kendall, John.
Dobyns, John.
Dalkeith, Francis, £. of; afterwards D. of Buccleugh.

1724

Fahrenheit, Daniel Gabriel.

Scheuchzer, John Gaspar, M.I).

Leicester, Ralph.

Dillenius, Joannes Jacobus, M.D.

Jacobaeus, Joannes Adolphus.

Eames, John.

Danvers, Joseph ; afterwards Bt.

Powis, Sir Littleton, Kt.

Ranby, John.

Chase, Stephen, M.D.

Diodate, John, M.D.

1725

Galvao, Antonio.

Hill, Thomas.

Nesbit, Robert, M.D.

Hickman, Nathan ; afterwards M.D.

Roby, Thomas, M.D.

Poley, Richard.

Hunt, Thomas.

Stone, Edmund.

Cronhelm, Andreas Henry de.

Capeller, Maurice Antonio de.

White, Taylor.

Teissier, George Lewis ; afterwards M.D.

Theobald, James.

De la Faye, Charles.

Neuman, Caspar.

Houstoun, Robert, M.D.

Bevan, Silvanus.

Abgali, Mohammed Ben Ali.

1726

Bridges, Sir Brook, Bt.
Hassell, Richard.
Jeffreys, John.
Allen, Edmond.
Stanyan, Temple.
Eyre, Kingsmill.
Ketelbey, Robert Johnston.
Gerdes, Henry Walther, D.D.
Palmer, Thomas.

332

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

[1727N.S.]

Date of
Election

1726 (continued)

Mav 1:2

Gilbert, Sir Jeffrey, Kt.

26

Beard, Richard, M.D.

July 7

Stanhope, Charles.

55

Hargraves, James.

J»

Boylstone, Zabdiel.

Nov. 3

Rud»v, Edward.

J5

Pawlet, Edward.

J»

Stirling, James.

5)

Belidor, Bernard Forrest de.

17

Graham, Richard.

??

White, Thomas.

30

Holland, Richard, M.D.

J5

Schomberg, Meyer.

J»

Billers, AVilliam ; afterwards Kt.

5>

Robinson, Col. Thomas ; afterwards Bt.

Mar. 9

Trevor, Hon. Thomas ; afterwards Lord Trevor.

55

Andrews, Joseph.

5?

Ahlers, Cyriacus.

5?

Hollings, John, M.D.

55

Mansberg, Anton Adam, Baron de.

55

Fuller, John.

?5

Hoadly, Benjamin, M.D.

55

West, James (P.R.S. 1768).

55

Hughes, E.

«5

Folkes, William.

55

Harper, John.

55

Cyrillo, Nicola, M.D.

1727

Mar. 30

Martyn, John.

May 9
15

King George I, Patron.
George, Prince of Wales.

June 8

Cavendish, Lord Charles.

:>X

Lamotte, Rev. Charles.

55

/oilman, Philip Henry.

55

Cary, Walter.

55

Jussieu, Bernard de, M.I).

55

Jacobsen, Theodore.

55

Carr, William.

55

Clifton, Francis, M.D.

July 11

King George II, Patron.

. 1)

Lloyd, Philemon.

55

Robins, Benjamin.

23

Jan. 11

Oxford and Mortimer. Edward, Earl of (adm.)
Pye,Sir Robert, Bt.

Feb. 8

15

Fairfax, Hon. Henry Colepeper.
Hope, John, Lord ; eld. son Earl of Hopetoun.
Horseman, Stephen.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF 1 I J. LOWS 888

Date of
Election

Feb. 15
22

May 2

55

55
55

June 27

55
55
55
55
55
55
55

Oct. 24

Nov. 14

55
Dec. 5

55
55
55

17
19

Jan. 9

55

16

Mar. 6

55

20

May 8

55

June 5

1727 (continued)

hilipps, Erasmus ; afterwards Bt .
?OCOCK, Rev. Thomas.

1728

Lrray, Robert.
Elanbury, William.
Dugood, William.
Nicholls, Frank, M.D.
larke, Samuel.

Beccari, Jacopo Bartolommeo.
Wheler, Rev. Granville.
Weichman, Ch. Frederick.
Schoepflin, Johann Daniel.
Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de.
Senex, John.
Burman, Ericus, M.D.
Mortimer, Cromwell, M.D.
Royen, Adrianus van, M.D.
Saint Hyacinthe, Paul de.
Seba, Albertus.
Nourse, Edward.
Manfredi, Eustachio, M.D.
King, Peter, Lord.
Trevor, John ; afterwards Lord.
Collinson, Peter.
Leibknecht, Johann Georg.
Palmer, Samuel.
Aga, Cassem Algiada.
Frederick ; afterwards Prince of Wale*.
Delawarr, John, Lord ; afterwards Earl.
Gage, Thomas, Viscount.
Morand, Sauveur Francois.
Garangeot, Rene Jacques Croissant.
Durand, Rev. David.
Heathcote, George.
Molieres, Joseph Privat de, Abbe.
Lobb, Theophilus, M.D.
Wray, Daniel.
Klein, Jacobus Theodorus.
Atwell, Rev. Joseph ; afterwards D.D.

1729

Mather, Robert.

Du Fay, Charles Fra^ois de Cisternay.

Horsley, John.

Long, Roger, D.D.

D'Arcy, Hon. James.

Carpenter, Col. George ; afterwards Lor.

334

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

[1730N.S.]

Date of
fern

1729 (cojitinwd)

Oct. 16

Suinton, Rev. John.

99

(iihbs, James (the architect).

99

Clerk, Sir John, Bt.

99

Koleseri df Keres-eer, Samuel.

99

Kinck, Rev. Peter.

Nov. 6

lYeke, John.

«•

Aim/, Johann Wilhelm, M.D.

,,

(ireene, William.

55

D'Alev a Dehn, Count Conrad.

55

'I'hom, Frederic de.

55

Carbone, Joanne Baptista.

J5

Petit, Jean Louis.

J5

Chambers, Ephraim.

55

Heucher, Johann Heinrich, M.D.

Dec. 11

Ramsay, Chevalier Andrew Michael.

5J

Rolli, Dr. Paolo Antonio.

Jan. 8

Coleraine, Henry, Lord.

15

Gouldsmyth, Jonathan, M.D.

55

Wilmot, Edward, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.

55

Brown, Littleton.

22

Hanckewitz, Ambrose Godfrey.

5>

Oliver, William, M.D.

55

Walker, Thomas ; afterwards LL.D.

55

Miller, Philip.

55

Castro-Sarmento, Jacob de, M.D.

Feb. 5

1'Yobenius, Joannes Sigismundus Augustus, M.D.

55

Iljimpe, Joannes Henricus, M.D.

55

More, Robert.

26

Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de la Brede

et de.

55

Dod, Peirce, M.D.

55

Bogdani, William.

55

Dixon, William.

55

De Ruischer, Melchior.

1730

Apr. 23

Klingenstierna, Samuel.

55

( 'as tell, Louis Bertrand, Pere.

55

Beaufain, H. Berenger de.

30

Dry, Hcnrv.

55

Patoun, Archibald,

(ii-riuc. William, M.D.

'•

Bocrlianvc, Hi-rman, M.D.

M-.v 14

11101).

55

Alison, Tlmiiuis.

Oct. 22

•Iu»t ice. Jam

••

Allen, .lohn, M.I).

(iarcin, Laurent, M.I).

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER or FELLOWS 8«S

31 N.S.J

732 N.S.]

733 N.S.]

Date of
Election

Oct. 22
Dec. 10

55

17
Mar. 18

Mar. 25
May 27

July 1
Oct. 28
Nov. 4
18

Dec. 9

Jan. 27
Feb. 3

Mar. 9

55

16

55
23

Mar. 30

Apr. 20

27

May 11

55

June 15
22
Nov. 9

55

16

23

Jan. 18

55

25

1730 (continued)

Cray, Jeremiah.
Banks, Joseph.
Campbell, Colin.
Campbell, George.
Muller, Gerhard Friedrich.
Heister, Laurence, M.D.
Amman, John, M.D.
Molesworth, Hon. Coote, M.D.

1731

Calvert, Hon. Benedict Leonard.
Ayloffe, Sir Joseph, Bt.
Giuntini, Hieronymus, M.D.

Bentinck, Hon. William ; afterwards Duke of Port-
land.

Triewald, Martin.
Petre, Robert James, Lord.
Fellowes, William.

Lorraine, Francis, Duke of ; aft. Emperor of Germany.
Kinski, Philip, Count.
Baltimore, Charles, Lord.
Bathurst, Hon. Benjamin.
Nauze, Louis de la.
Barry, Edward, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.
Serenius, Jacob ; afterwards D.D.
Edwards, Sir James, Bt.
Barker, Robert, M.D.
Dummer, Thomas Lee.

Robartes, John ; afterwards Earl of Radnor.
Gray, John.
Pfutschner, Baron.
Bassand, Jean Baptiste, baron.

1732

Hall, Fayrer.

Fuller, Rose, M.D.

Girardin, Jean Patrice Piers de.

Cowper, William, Earl.

Strathmore, James, Earl of.

Crawford, John, Earl of.

Fullerton, William, M.D.

Weidler, Johann Friedrich.

Bacon, Vincent.

Monti jo, Conde de.

Belchier, John.

Fontenelle, Bernard le Bouyer de.

Houstoun, William, M.D.

Gray, Stephen.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

I 1731 N.S.]

\ -

Date if
FJ.cct'ion

15

Apr. 12
19

26
May 3

24

Oct. 25
Dec. 6
Jan. 10

24

Feb. 14
Mar. 7

Apr. 4
May 16

June 13

Oct. :>-\
31

M

Nov. 7

»

14
21

.Ian. !)

••

IV},. r,

1732 (continued)

Taglini, Carlo.
Batcman, William, Viscount.
Hody, Edward, M.D.
Douglas, George, M.D.

1733

Maitland, William.

Aberdour, James, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Morton

(P.R.S. 1764).
Catc-sby, Mark.
Sdlius, Godfrey, LL.D.
Frederick, Charles ; afterwards Kt.
GiTsten. Christian Ludwig.
Doppelmayer, Dr. Johann Gabriel.
Cardross, Henry David, Lord ; afterwards Earl of

Buchan.

Grive, Jean de la, Abbe.
a Kipa, Ludovicus.
Crivelli, Giovanni.
Hunauld, Francis Joseph, M.D.
Orange, William C. H. F., Prince of.
Ouchterlony, Alexander.

1734

\\inthrop, John.

Harrington, Edward, M.D.

Langrish, Brown ; afterwards M.D.

Leprotti, Antonio.

Shaw, Thomas, D.D.

Revillas, Didacus de, Padre.

Williams, Stephen, M.D.

Hop, Baron Hendrik.

Spilman, James.

Stevens, John.

Do m eke, Georg Peter.

Bignon, Jean Paul, Abbe.

Muschenbroeck, Pieter van.

Hamilton, John.

King, John, Lord.

Mairan, Jean Jacques d'Ortous de.

Du Ilamel du Monceau, Henri Louis.

Nollet, Jean Antoine, Abbe.

Galliani, Celestino, Abp. of Thessalonica.

Sainthill, Peter.

( 'handler, John.

Wyvill, Sir Marmaduke, Bt.

Iladlcv, George.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISIKK OF 1 KU.()\\S ,:<;

36 N.S.]

737 N.S.

Date of
Election

Feb. 20
Mar. 13

Mar. 27

Apr. 17

99
24

May 22
Nov. 6

Jan. 29
Feb. 5

n

99

99

12
19
26

Mar. 11

99
18

Mar. 25
Apr. 8
May 6

27
June 10

July 1
8

Nov. 11
25

Dec. 9
23

Feb. 10

Mar. 24

1734 (ciintinmtl)

Birch, Thomas ; afterwards 1 ). 1 ).
Southwell, Thomas, Lord.

1735

Lovell, Thomas, Lord ; afterwards Eurl <>t 1^ iceiter,

Freman, William.

Godin, Louis.

Clare, Martin.

Clarke, Samuel.

Tyrconnel, John, Viscount.

Gilkes, Moreton.

Suasso, Alvaro Lope/.

Tilson, George.

Modena, Francesco Maria d'Este, Prince of.

Stanhope, Philip, Earl.

Celsius, Andreas.

Fawconer, Jonathan.

Cocchi, Antonio, M.D.

Mendoca, Diego de.

Cerati, Gasparo.

Jattica, Jacobus.

Molyneux, Sir Daniel, Bt.

Legge, Hon. Edward.

Werlhof, Paul Gottlieb, M.D.

Mitchell, Andrew ; afterwards Kt.

Lange, Sir John de, Kt.

Cooke, Benjamin.

Jones, Roger, M.D.

1736

Hartley, David, M.D.
Hamilton, James, Duke of.
Coutinho, Marco Antonio de A/evedo.
Kelsall, Henry

; afterwards D. of NorthimilK-, -land
Seip, Johann Philip, M.D.
Algarotti, Francesco.
Bankes, Robert, M.D.
Lowther, Sir James, Bt.
Cervi, Joseph, M.D.
Maffei, Scipio, Marchese.
Da Costa, Moses.
Lloyd, George.
Short, James.

Z

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

V.S.]

Date of

tion

1737

Apr. 7

Burrow, Jumes ; afterwards Kt. (P.R.S.

1768).

?»

Middleton, dipt. Christopher.

28

1'oppK-, Ilc-nry.

May 5

Scott, George Lewis.

June M3

'I'aylor. KolK-rt, M.D.

Oct. 27

Clairaut, Alexis Claude.

Nov. 17

Essex. William, Earl of.

Jan. 19

A-M'in.-mni, Stephanus Evodius, Abp. of

Apamea.

5?

Smith, Edward.

»5

Bernard, Rev. John Peter.

26

Stack, Thomas, M.D.

»»

Filenius, Petrus ; afterwards D.D.

?»

Mann, Nicholas^

J5

Segner, Dr. Johann Andreas.

Feb. 9

Darnley, Edward, Earl of.

«

Loudoun, John, Earl of.

J»

Walker, Capt. William.

JJ

Hutton, Addison, M.D.

23

Way, Lewis.

}»

Naude, Philip.

«

Kennedy, Gilbert, M.I).

Mar. 23

Gambier, James.

1738

Apr. 20

Maud, John.

May 4

Gori, Antonio Francesco.

June 1

Belius, Rev. Matthias (recte Matyas Bel)

»

Baster, Job, M.D.

5»

Cantwell, Andrew, M.D.

8

Davies, Richard ; afterwards M.I).

15

Rogers, Joseph, M.D.

Oct. 26

Ellicott, John.

Nov. 2

Bernard, Herman, M.D.

»»

Xavier de Menezes, Francisco ; Conde da Ericeyra.

9

Reaumur, Rene Antoine Ferchault de.

»

Fourmont, Etienne.

Feb. 15

Browne, William, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Mar. 8

Bon, Francois Xavier, marquis de St. Hi lain-.
Mead, Samuel.

M

Myddelton, John.

1739

Apr. 5

Iluxliam, John, M.D.

n

Monnier, Pierre Charles le.

12

Howe, Ilenrv.

June 7
21

Montagny, l)r. Joseph de.
Lieutaud, Joseph, M.D.

J>H

S;iwl>ri( !<.(., John.

Nov. 1

Haller, Dr. Albertus ; afterwards Baron.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <>l 1 KLlo\VS 880

.S.]

N.S.]

Date of
Election

1739 (CDMffcMMrf)

Nov. 8

Stehelin, John Peter.

Dec. 20

Leeds, Thomas, Duke of.

Rixtel, Jan van.

Jan. 17

Haselden, Thomas.

31

Le Cat, Claude Nicholas, M.I).

Feb. 7

Raymond, Robert, Ixml.

n

Gill, Westby.

Buffbn, Georges IXMII'S Lcderc ; aflerwurds <onit< dr.

Mar. 6

Lovell, Thomas, Lord.

20

Sandwich, John, Earl of.

1740

May 1

Hawley, James, M.I).

15

Lockyer, Charles.

M

Carvalho e Mello, Sebastian Joseph de ; afterwards

Marques de Pombal.

June 5

Panicis, Josephus de, M.D.

19

Skinner, Samuel.

Oct. 23

Stevens, Henry Stuart.

Davall, Peter.

Hellot, Jean.

Nov. 6

Zanotti, Eustachio.

Sacchetti, Rev. Giulio.

Giacometti, Rev. Michel Angelo.

13

Hunt, Rev. Thomas ; afterwards D.D.

Pitot, Henri.

Caumont, Joseph de Seytres, marquis de.

Copping, Rev. John.
Jallabert, Jean, M.D.

.

20

Arundel, Hon. Richard.

27

Foley, Thomas, Lord.

Dec. 11

Marti ne, George, M.D.

18

Lieberkuhn, Joannes Nathaniel, M.D.

,5

Fouchy, Jean Paul Grand] can de.

Jan. 8

Norden, Capt. Frederic Lewis.

29

Chauncy, Charles, M.D.
Yorke, Hon. Philip ; afterwards Earl of

Hardwicke.

Feb. 5

Portuga, Benito de Moura.

12

Superville, Daniel de, M.D.

26

Zanotti, Francesco Maria.

,,

Bremond, Francois de.

Mar. 12

Baker, Henry (Bakerian Bequest).

19

Salis, Jerom de.

1741

Mar. 26

Turner, Shallet.

Apr. 9

Watson, William ; afterwards M.D. and

Kt.

16

Duval, Francis Philip, M.D.

;uo

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

v

[1748 N.S.]

Date of

Htrfion

May 7

Nov. "l2
Drr. ID

17

Jan. 7
14
21

Feb. 4
11

Mar. 11

18

Mar. 25

Apr. 1

May 20

June 17

»

24

Oct. 28
Nov. 4

25
16

51

1741 (continued)

Parsons, James, M.D.

Knight, Ralph.

\\Vlin, John.

Holmes, George.

Le Sueur, Thomas, Pere.

Jjuxjuk-r, Francis, Pere.

Vigny, Pierre de.

Harrington, William, Lord ; afterwards Earl of.

Robertson, John.

Battie, William, M.D.

Mihvard, Edward, M.D.

Lonsdale, Henry, Viscount.

Lock, John.

Pococke, Richard, D.C.L. ; afterwards Bp. of Ossory.

Bedford, John, Duke of.

Snivthe, Sidney Stafford; afterwards Kt.

Reynardson, Samuel.

Wilbraham, Thomas, LL.D. ; afterwards M.D.

1742

Russell, Michael.

Bristow, William.

Peirce, Jerry.

Nihill, James, M.D.

Milles, Jeremiah ; afterwards D.D.

Nicholas, William.

Batt, John Thomas ; afterwards M.D.

Pratt, Charles ; afterwards Earl Camden.

Bliss, Rev. Nathaniel.

Home, James.

Brownrigg, William, M.D.

Lisle, Samuel, D.D. ; afterwards Bishop of Norwich.

Lawry, Rev. John.

Mason, Charles; afterwards D.D.

Finch, Hon. Henry.

Bayes, Thomas.

Bowman, Walter.

Fourmont, Michel.

Coste, Pierre.

Lcdiard, Thomas.

Talbot, William.

Kirch, Dr. Christfricd.

\Vintrinohain, Clifton, M.D. ; afterwards Bt. (Win-

tringham Bequest).
Phillips, John; afterwards Bt.

I A Hcl I on, Charles; afterwards D.C.L. and Bp. of Exeter.
Hut licrforth, Thomas; afterwards D.D.
Willu-lmius, Wilhehmis.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 841

Date of
Election

Feb. 10

55

24
Mar. 10

55
55

55

Apr. 21
May 12

19
June 9

16

Nov. 3
17

Dec. 8
15

Jan. 12

55
5?
55

26

Feb. 23
Mar. 8

55

Apr. 12

26

May 10

55

June 7
Nov. 15

Dec. 6

Jan. 10

55
55

31

1742 (niittintn-tl)

Creed, James ; afterwards Kt.

Lever, James.

Henricksen, Henry.

New come, Peter.

Stiles, Francis Hoskins Eyles ; afterward?- I

Chute, Francis.

Shelvocke, George.

(iua de Malves, Abbe Jean Paul dr.

1743

Sarayva, Matthew, M.D.

Paman, Roger.

Trembley, Abraham.

Miles, Rev. Henry, D.D.

Dayrolles, Solomon.

Rich, Daniel.

Stafford, William, Earl of.

Voltaire, Francois Marie Arouet de.

Bonnet, Charles.

Masson, Jean, Chevalier de Besse.

Ames, Joseph.

Pembroke, Henry, Earl of.

Clayton, Robert, D.D., Bishop of Cork ; aft. of Clogher.

Marlborough, Charles, Duke of.

Locmaria, le Marquis de.

Solenthal, Baron H. F. de.

Lyttelton, Hon. George; afterwards Ix>rd.

Pitt, Hon. William ; afterwards Earl of Chatham.

Windham, William.

Bruni, Giuseppe Lorenzo, M.D.

Sotheby, Col. William.

Nicholls, John.

1744

Rawdon, Sir John, Bt. ; afterwards Earl of Moira.

Hope- Weir, Hon. Charles.

Sallier, Claude, Abbe.

Pickering, Roger.

Capello, Pietro Andrea.

Bath, William, Earl of.

Nixon, Rev. John.

Fischer, Johann Benjamin.

Montesquieu, Jean Baptiste, baron Secondat de.

Adee, Swithin, M.D.

Boffrand, Germain.

Le Dran, Henri Francois.

Legge, Hon. Henry Bilson.

Keene, Benjamin ; afterwards Kt.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

[1746 N.S.]

|1747

Date of

1-Vb. 7

14
Mar. 7

Apr. .V>5
.May :l

)»

23

30

June 13

Oct. 31

Dec. 5

?5

12

Mar. 13
20

Apr. 10
17

May 15
29

June 19

27

H

• Ian. K

• •

1744 (continued)

Monnier, Dr. Louis Guillaume le.
Willoughby of Parhain, Hugh, Lord.
I lick man, Samuel.
Merrill, John.

1745

Knioht, Gowin, M.B.

Wyche, Peter.

Saunders, William, M.I).

Mace, William.

Bedford, William, M.I).

( 'ast iglione, Giovanni F. M. M. Salvemini da.

Hardenberg, Baron von.

Hoblyn, Robert, B.C.L.

Pepusch, John Christopher, Mus.D.

Ellis, Welbore ; afterwards D.C.L. and 1st Baron

Mendip.

Sherwood, Noah.
Lewis, William, M.B.

Pringle, John, M.D. ; afterwards Bt. (P.R.S. 1772).
Anson, Admiral George ; afterwards Lord.
Simpson, Thomas.
Montagu, Edward.
Arderon, William.
Hamilton, Captain the Hon. John.
Marinoni, Giovanni Giacomo.
Murdoch, Rev. Patrick.

1746

Guyon, Claude Marie, Abbe.

Pelham, Rt. Hon. Henry.

Trew, Christopher Jacob, M.D.

Squire, Samuel ; afterwards D.D., Bishop of St. David's.

Hoffman, Tycho.

Dashwood, Sir Francis, Bt. ; afterwards Lord Le

Despencer.
Mi lies, Edward.
Bl.-ike, l^rancis.

Cork and Orrery, John, Earl of.
Beaufort, Louis do.

Thompson, Sir Peter, Kt.

Robinson Mori-is, Matthew; afterwards Lord Rokeby.

( Vtlrmain, John, Viscount ; afterwards Earl of Tilney.

I 'lloa, Antonio dc.

Tridcaux, Benjamin.

U'incUcr, Joliann Hoinrich.

Clephane, John. M.D.

Needham, John Turberville.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 848

L748 N.S.]

Date of
Election

1746 (nmftnuAf)

Jan. 22

Allamand, Johann Nicholas S*lm.stiai).

59

Layard, Daniel IVtrr. M.I).

»

Euler, Leonhnnl.

29

Fauquier, William.

Feb. 12

Holford, Peter.

19

Walpole, Hon. Horatio.

55

Parker, Rev. William, D.I).

55

MacFarlane, Alexander.

26

Brocklesby, Richard, M.I).

1747

Mar. 26

Nicolini, Antonio, Marchesc .

55

Hamilton, Hon. Charles.

5>

Rinuccini, Falco, Marchese.

Apr. 30

Iremonger, Joshua.

May 21

Bosanquet, Benjamin.

55

Ravaud, David.

55

Hollman, Samuel Christian.

June 18

Chapelle, Jean Baptiste de la.

July 2

Lobkowit/, Ferdinand Philip, Prince.

Oct. 22

Lincoln, Henry, Earl of; afterwards Duke of New-

castle.

Nov. 12

Silvester, John, M.D. ; afterwards Kt

Passeri, Giovanni Battista, Abbe.

19

Parker, Thomas, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Macclesfield.

26

Da Costa, Emanuel Mendes.

Dec. 10

Baden-Dourlach, Carl Friedrich, Margrave of.

99

Savile, Sir George, Bt. ; afterwards LL.D.

17

Fitzwilliam of Meryon, Richard, Viscount.

5J

Tyrawley, James, Lord.

Jan. 14

Lyonet, Pierre.

21

Devonshire, William, Duke of.

?>

Reade, Henry.

»

Munck, Jan de.

Mar. 10

Scott, George.

5>

Young, William ; afterwards Bt.

Czernichew, Count.

24

Manteufell, Christopher, Graf von.

1748

Apr. 21

May 19

Osorio, 11 Cavaliere.
Campbell, Hugh.

26

Lee, William.

June 9

Hughes, Rev. Griffith.

23

Yonge, Sir William, K.B.

Nov. 3

Charleton, Rice.

5>

Dingley, Robert.

17

Joye, Charles.

:m

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

1 1; u»

anniml |

[1750 N.- |

Dai

Election

1748 (continued)

Nov. 17

Simon, .James.

IVc. 8

Hill, John.

15

.Mitchell, John, M.D.

99

La Condamine, Charles Maria de.

22

Burnett, Sir Thomas, Kt.

«

ITAlembert, Jean le Rond.

.Ian. 19

Ashe. William Windham.

26

1'Vake, Charles, M.D.

"•

Mimckley, Nicholas, M.D.

Fi-b. 9

Cramer, Gabriel.

»5

Dixon. Abraham.

16

Montaudouin, Nicholas de.

Mar. 9

Cornish, Capt. Samuel ; afterwards Bt.

1749

Apr. 6

Bo/e, Claude Gros de.

13

Sharp, Samuel.

»•

Wilkes, John.

»

Mitford, William.

20

Boyer, Jean Baptiste, M.D.

?j

Molinelli, Pietro Paolo, M.D.

May 4

Andrade, Antonio Freyre de.

v

Swieten, Gerhard van, M.D.

11

Porter, James ; afterwards Kt.

25

Sauvages de la Croix-Royale, l Francois Boissier.

June 15

Williamson, Rev. John ; afterwards D.D.

Oct. 26

Newcastle, Thomas, Duke of.

99

Ligonier, Sir John ; afterwards Lord ; K.B.

Nov. 2

Baillou, Chevalier de.

9

Medina-Sidonia, Duque de.

n

91

Oglethorpe, Lt.-Gen. James Edward.
Webb, Philip Carteret.

99

23

Juan[-y-Santacilla], Jorge.
Grafton, Charles, Duke of.

Dec. 7

Cardigan, George, Earl of.

14

Waldegrave, James, Earl of.

Jan. 11

St . George, Chevalier de.

25

Alcock, Nathan, M.D.

,,

HclH-rdeii, William, M.I).

..

Bell, George.

«•

BougiK-r, Pierre,

n

1'ormey, Samuel.

Feb. 1

A^kcw, Anthony, M.B.

8

Mills, Henry.

n

Folard, Charles, Clu-valicr de.

n

in. Ixiuis Elizabeth de la Vergne, comte de.

To wnsi nd, Admiral Isaac.

,,

Browne, Isaac Hawkins.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <)l FELLOWS 345

N.S.]

Date of
Election

Feb.

Mar. 8

May 3
10
17
31

June 21
Nov. 1

Dec. 6

5?

13
Jan. 17

5»

24

Feb. 7
Mar. 14

May 16
June 6
13

Oct. 31
Nov. 7
Dec. 5
19

Jan. 16
Feb. 13

20

Mar. 5
Apr. 16

May 7

1749 ((ont'inm-,1)

Tough, Hi«\. Cliarles.

Le Thieuillier, I/Hiis Jean, M.I).

Struyck, Nicholas.

Mounsey, James.

Canton, John.

Hayter, Thomas, D.I)., Bishop of

D^Argenville, Antoine Joseph <lr Salli« i.

1750

Bernoulli, Daniel.

Barboza, Johannes Mendez Saquet .

Borlase, Rev. William ; afterwards D.I).

Montagu, Edward Wortley.

Roderick, Richard.

Walmesley, Rev. Father Charl»--.

Herrissant, Francois David, M.D.

Guasco, Octavien de, comte de Clavieres, Al>!><

Downe, Henry, Viscount.

Warner, Joseph.

Yorke, Hon. Charles (I^ord Chancellor).

Cassini de Thury, Cesar Francois.

Camper, Peter, M.D.

Bacon, John.

Shard, Isaac Pacatus.

Watson, Robert, M.D.

Mountaine, William.

1751

Heathcote, Sir Thomas, Bt.

Venturi, Marsilio.

Mauduit, Israel.

Brookesbank, Joseph.

Silveyra, Joachim Jose Fidalgo da.

Rockingham, Charles, Marquess of.

Wilson, Benjamin.

Maty (Matty), Matthew, M.D.

1752

Morton, Charles, M.D.

Torkos, Justus Johann, M.D.

Fetherstonhaugh, Sir Matthew, Bt.

Russell, Richard, M.D.

Guignes, Joseph de.

Steavens, Thomas.

Whyte, Robert, M.D.

Shaw, Peter, M.D.

Hoare, Sir Richard, Kt.

Huber, Johann Jacob.

RECORD OK THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

May 28

June 4
Nov. 9

Dec. 11

21

Jan. :>5

Feb. f
8

?>

15

22

Mar. 1
8
15

22

Z* . 5
3

24
31

June Ml
Nov. 15

Peb, ;

14
21

1752 (continued)

, Francois.

Gruillaunie.

Hyde, John.

Pond. Arthur.

.Moss. Kev. Charles, D.I). ; afterwards Bp. of Bath and

Wells.

Hurrell, Peter.
Cadngan, William, M.I).
I la/ard, Richard.
Paeev, Henry B.
Brakenridge, William, D.D.
Fanct, Jean Baptiste.
Calducll. Sir James, Bt.

1753

Allix, William.

Thomas, Noah ; afterwards Kt.

Marchmont, Hugh, Earl of.

Clanricarde, John, Earl of.

Akenside, Mark, M.D.

Fauquier, Francis.

Petley, Charles.

Dudley, Charles.

Bellin, Jacques Nicolas.

Malouin, Paul Jacques.

Hortega, Joseph.

Hardinge, Caleb, M.D.

Smeaton, John.

Gabry, Peter, M.D.

Harcourt, Simon, Earl.

Price, William.

Wetstein, John James.

Liniueiis, Carolus, M.D.

Hoare, Joseph, B.I).

Cireen, Richard, D.D.

We*™-, Samuel.

NVa'll, Chevalier Richard.

Northey, William.

SyinincT. Robei'i.

Hardwicke, Philip, Earl of (Lord Chancellor).

1754

Lock. William,
(iirlc, John.
Post lei hwavt, James.
Kllis. John'.

Aberdour, Sholto Charles. Lord; afterwards Earl of
Morton.

CHRONOLOGICAL KK(,ISTKK

1 KLLOWS 847

Date of
Election

Mar. 7

?»

14
28
Apr. 4

May 9

»

23

30

June 13

July 4
Nov. 7

14
Dec. 5

Jan. 9

5J

16

23

Feb. 20

Mar. 13

?»
20

Apr. 24

May 1
29

June 12

Dec. 11

Jan. 8

5?

1754 (ftntt'imi.,1)

Brander, Gust}i\u>.

(Yusius, Li-\vis; afterwanK D.I).

Hammond, Bartholomew.

Shaftesbury, Anthony, Karl of.

Castlecomcr. .lolin, \iM-oiint.

Cooksey, Rrv. .lolin.

Blacow, llcv. Kichard.

Caumont, H., M.I).

Sharpe, Rev. Gregory, I.I..1).

Chevalier, Rev. John.

Raper, Matthew.

Raynal, Gnillaume Thomas, A bin-.

Gray, Charles.

Lewis, George.

Wetstein, Rev. Caspar.

Dartmouth, William, Earl of.

Clarke, Sir Thomas, Kt. (Master of the Rolls).

Chandler, Samuel ; afterwards D.I).

Hudson, John.

1755

Blair, Rev. John, LL.D.
Daubenton, Louis Jean Marie.
Dodson, James.
Dawkins, James, D.C.L.
Henry, William, D.I).
Hirst, William.
Colebrooke, Josiah.
Hundertmark, Carl Friedrich, M.D.
Petti ward, Roger, D.D.
Hubner, Martin.
Rasumousky, Count Cyrille.
Helvetius, Jean Claude Adrian, M.D.
Bayardi, Ottavio Antonio.
Paderni, Camillo.
Forster, Nathaniel, D.I).
Beccaria, Giovanni Battista.
Charlemont, James, Viscount ; afterwards Earl.
Owen, Rev. Henry. M.D.-
Morris, Robert Hunter.
Valltravers, Rodolph de.
Barthelemy, Jean Jacques, Abl)e.
Richmond, Charles, Duke of.
Ascanius, Peter, M.D.

1756

Jacour, Chevalier de.
Bougainville, Ix>uis Antoine de.

KKCORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

.Jan. ir>

1-Yb. 5
Mar. IS

Apr. 1
:>'.)

May 6
13

June 3

Nov. 4
11

25

Mar. 17
Apr. 21

May 5
12
19

June 9
16

19

30

Nov. i'o
17

Dec.

24

Feb. '.»
16
?»
23

Mar. 2

1756 (continued}

Pancra//i. (Giuseppe Maria.
Schlosser, Jan Albert, M.D.

onel, Jean Andre.
Ashby, Shuckburgh.
Daviel, Jacques.

Wollaston, Charlton; afterwards M.I).
Fit/Gerald, Keane.
J u rin, James, M.I).

Franklin, Henjaniin ; afterwards LL.D.
Russell, Alexander, M.I).

Howard, John ; afterwards LL.D. (the philanthropist).
Lantsheer, Jacob Frederick, LL.D.
Kidby. John.
Brand, Thomas.
Gregory, John, M.D.
Manetti, Xaverius, M.I).
Albini, Conte Maffeo d\
Percival, Thomas.

1757

Venuti, Ridolfino, Abbate.

Mello e Castro, Martinho de.

Thistlethwayte. Alexander.

Lisle, Thomas, D.D.

Romilly, Isaac.

Romney, Robert, Lord.

Hudson, Charles Grave ; afterwards Bt.

Morris, Corbyn.

Ehret, George Dionysius.

Donati, Dr. Vitaliano.

Frisi, Paolo ; padre.

Celesia, Cavaliere Paolo.

Upton, John.

II oil is, Thomas.

Hose, Georg Matthias.

Kd wards, George.

Roger, Charles.

Braganza, Joano, Du(|iie de.

Barton, Philip.

Natter, Lorcn/.

Bootlc. Robert.

1758

NVc^g, (icorge.

(iodschall, William M:u,.

(.incliii, Philip Fricdrich, M.D.

Ro-. John, D.D. ; afterwards Bp. of Exeter.

Huntingdon, Francis, Karl of.

Ahncyda,

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 849

Date of
Election

Mar. 16
Apr. 6

55

55
55

20

55
27

May 25

June 15
Nov. 16

55
Dec. 7

Feb. 1
8

Mar. 8
15
22

Apr. 5
May 31
June 14
Nov. 8

22
Dec. 6

55
55

Jan. 10
17
24

Feb. 21

Mar. 6

55

20

27

Apr. 24

May 1
June 12

Nov. 17
20
27

1758 (contimxd)

Schuvaloft', John de.

Lambe, Robert, LL.D. ; afterwards Bp. of Peterborough.

Grindall, Richard.

Marsili, Giovanni, M.I).

Allioni, Carlo, M.D.

Verney, Ralph, Earl.

Tufnell, George Forster.

Maskelyne, Rev. Nevil ; afterwards l).l).

Stuart, James ('Athenian Stuart').

Hadley, John ; afterwards M.I).

Bushe, Amyas.

Drury, Sir Thomas, Bt.

Gisborne, Thomas, M.D.

Torres, Joseph Ignacio de, M.D.

1759

Anderson, John.

Foscarini, Marco (afterwards Doge of Venice).

Carafa, Giovanni, Duca di Noia.

Salvador, Joseph.

Saunders, Erasmus, D.D.

Wright, Edward, M.D.

Hooper, Edward.

Venuti, Filippo.

Lloyd, John, M.B.

Petit, John Lewis; afterwards M.D.

Delaval, Edward Hussey.

Blanshard, Wilkinson, M.B.

Royen, David van, M.D.

1760

Zanotti, Eustachio.

Lacaille, Nicolas Louis de.

Pereira, Jacob Rodrigue.

Saluzzo (Saluces), Giuseppe, Conte di.

Gorter, David de, M.D.

Dyer, Samuel.

Wilkes, Israel.

Tissot, S. A. D.

Bernard, John, M.D.

Meerman, Gerard, LL.D.

Comyn, James.

Cavendish, Hon. Henry.

Michell, John, B.D.

Musgrave, Samuel ; afterwards M.D.

King George III, Patron.

Ryves, Thomas.

Loten, John Gideon.

RECOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

of
Election

Nov. :.»7

11

n

18

Jan. 15

••

22

Feb. 5
19

Mar. 12
Apr. 2

9

23
May 7

28

June 11
Nov. 5

12

«
19
Dec. 10

Feb. 4

»
18

.Mar. IS

Apr. 1
22

»»

Juno 17
July 1
Nov. 11

?»
25

i!

1760 (continued)

York, Edward, Duke of.

Himsel, Nicholas de, M.I).

Cumberland, William, Duke of.

Albertini, Giambattista, Principe di San Saverino.

Ferner, Benedict

Baldwin, Roger.

I A- Sue, Jean Joseph.

1761

Boscovich, Roger Joseph.

Reynolds, Joshua; afterwards Kt., P.R.A.

Adanson, Michel.

Dumaresq, Daniel, D.D.

Genevois, Jean Alexandre.

Hamilton, Hugh ; afterwards D.D. and Bp. of Ossory.

Haemstede, Rev. Hendrik van.

Boo tie, Richard Wilbraham.

Darwin, Erasmus, M.D.

Eckersall, George.

Adam, Robert (the architect).

Dollond, John.

Panzano, Martin.

Hudson, William.

Devonshire, William, Duke of.

Gaertner, Joseph, M.D.

Wood, Thomas, LL.D.

Heberden, Thomas, M.D.

1-Vrrers, Washington, Earl.

1762

Baker, George, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.

Dtiearel, Andrew Coltee, D.C.L.

White, Charles.

Fronchin, Theodore, M.D.

Luloss, Johan.

Burrow, Robert.

Dodgson, Charles; afterwards Bishop of Ossory.

Turbilly, Francois Henri, marquis de.

Abeille, Louis Paul.

Hrereton, Owen Salusbury.

Holstein, .lohn Louis. (1ount.

I-'it/lierbert, William.

Webb, Robert.

T\ ndall, Thomas.

I'ulteney, Richard; afterwards M.D.

I'Vlfon, Samuel.

Plait, .Io>hua.

Boliadscli, .Johann Baptist.

CHRONOLOGICAL KKC.ISTKK

I KLl.o\VS 851

Date of
Election

Feb.. 10
17

Mar. 10

»»

Apr. 21

May 12

June 2
9

j>
23

Nov. 10
17
24

Jan. 12

»
19

26
Feb. 16

23

Mar. 8

15

29
Apr. 5

May 3
10
17

176:*

Helvetius, Johun Anton.

Nivernois, Louis .Jules, <ln<- dr.

Wollaston, George; afterwards D.I).

Buchner, Count Andreas Eli as.

Morosini, Loren/o.

Matani, Antonio, M.I).

Gronovius, Laurence Theodore.

Hornsby, Thomas ; afterwards D.I).

Shepherd, Anthony, B.D.

Raulin, Joseph, M.D.

Waring, Edward; afterwards M.D.

Watson, Jonathan

Duane, Matthew.

Harris, James.

Fothergill, John, M.D.

Gallean, Charles Hyacinth Antoine, due dr.

Turton, John, M.B.

Ferguson, James.

Lalande, Joseph Jerome le Franrois dr.

1764

Duclos, Charles.

Yeoman, Thomas.

Charles William Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick.

Strati co, Count Simone.

Camus, Charles 6tienne Louis.

Kennicott, Benjamin, D.D.

Powell, William Samuel, D.D.

Berthoud, Ferdinand.

Swinney, Sidney, D.D.

Albinus, Bernard Siegfried, M.D.

Gaubius, Hieronymus David.

Schafter, Jacob Christian.

Hillsborough, Wills, Earl of; afterwards Marquess of

Downshire.

Warren, Richard, M.D.
Lloyd, Charles.
Picquigny, Louis Marie Joseph d' Albert d'Ailly, due de ;

afterwards due de Chaulncs.
Harvey, Eliab.

Moltke, Adam Gottlob, Count of Bregentved.
Meuschen, Fredrik Christian.
Morris, Michael, M.D.
Pott, Percival.
Franks, Naphthali.
Chabert, Joseph Bernard, marquis de.
Campbell, John.

RECOK1) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

June 7

55

28

July 5

55
12

Nov. 22
Dec, <:
13

Jan. 24
Feb. 14

28

Mar. 7

55
21
28
Apr. 25

Mav 9
16
23

June 13

55

20

55
5>

Nm. 7
14

Dec,

1764 (continued)

Solamler. Daniel Charles, M.I).

I 'alias, IVter Simon, M.D.

Kgmont, John, Earl of.

Stewart. Matthew, D.U.

Willett, Ralph.

Feronce. Jean Baptiste de.

\\Ybb. Sir John, Bt.

Wilkinson, John, M.D.

Sharpr. Fane William.

Glasse, Samuel, D.U.

\Vjirirciitin, Teter.

Roebuck, John, M.D.

Cigna, Giovanni Francesco, M.D.

Messier, Charles.

Trevor, Robert, Lord ; afterwards Viscount Hampden.

1765

Stebbing, Henry, D.D.

Werthern, Johann Georg Heinrich, Graf von.

Nicoll, John.

Percival, Thomas ; afterwards M.D.

Stanley, Edward.

Morgan, John, M.D.

Carburi, Conte Giovanni Battista.

Jebb, Richard ; afterwards Bt.

Beaumont, Jean Baptiste Jacques Elie de.

Bergman, Torbern Olof.

Harrison, William.

Can vane, Peter, M.D.

Caraccioli, Marchese Domenico.

Cuthbert, John.

Houghton, Henry; afterwards Bt.

Tennent, John, M.D.

Coj>e, Sir John Mordaunt, Bt.

Bentinck, John.

Lewin, John.

Cardross, David, Ix>rd ; afterwards Earl of Buchan.

Barncwall, Hon. Matthias.

Hopkins, Daniel; afterwards M.D.

Bruhl, Johann Moritz, Graf von.

Urdrrn, SiiriMiiond, (iraf von.

HCM^. John, M.D.

I.owth, Robert, D.I). ; afterwards Bishop of Oxford.

Price. Kichanl, D.I).

Ka\<. Id v. Itichard ; afterwards LL.D. and Bt.

Mayer. Christian.

CHRONOLOGICAL RK(.ISTKK <)1 I I LloWS 858

Date of
Election

1766

Jan. 16
23

Feb. 13
20

Mar. 13

»i
20

Apr. 10
24

5?

May 1

8

5?

15

29
June 5

12
19
Nov. 6

Dec. 11

Jan. 8
15
22
29

Feb. 5

«
12

26

Mar. 19
26

Landen, John.

Keate, George.

Montigny, Charles Daniel Trudaino de.

Mills, John.

Winthrop, John.

Grosley, Pierre Jean.

Stephens, Tyringham.

Graeme, William.

Astle, Thomas.

Letch, John, M.D.

Coyer, Francois Gabriel, Abbe.

Strange, John.

Monro, Donald, M.D.

Harper, Samuel.

Anguish, Thomas.

Banks, Joseph; afterwards D.C.L. and Bt. (P.R.S. 1778).

Hasted, Edward.

Williams, Dionysius.

Morse, Leonard.

Lort, Michael, B.D.

Lee, Arthur, M.D.

Portland, William Henry, Duke of.

Webber, William.

Riz, David.

Priestley, Joseph, LL.D.

Forster, Thomas.

Hamilton, William; afterwards Kt. and D.C.L

(archaeologist).
Poland, Stanislaus Augustus, King of.

1767

Putman, Rev. Henry.

Exeter, Brownlow, Earl of.

Pollok, Allan, M.D.

Holwell, John Zephaniah.

Tissington, Anthony.

Woulfe, Peter.

Hunter, John (anatomist).

Nasmyth, Sir James, Bt. (botanist).

Fludyer, Sir Thomas.

Hope, John, M.D.

Eyre, Richard, D.D.

Baltimore, Frederick, Lord.

Pennant, Thomas.

Mytton, John.

Butt, John Martin, M.D.

Wright, Richard ; afterwards M.D.

Kirby, Joshua.

A a

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

Mar. 2
Apr. 2

30

May 7
14
21

28

»

June 4
18

July 9
Dec. 10

17

V

Feb. 18
25

Mar. 17
24

Apr. 14

21

May 5

M

12

June 2

H

16

Sept. 1
Nov. 10

1767 (continued)

Roy, Col. William ; afterwards Maj. -General.

Winterton, Edward, Earl.

Grinfield, Steddy.

Malliet, John.

Watson, Henry.

Parker, John ; afterwards Lord Boringdon.

James, William.

Horsley, Samuel ; afterwards D.C.L., Bp. of St. Asaph.

Hunter, William, M.D.

Geach, Francis ; afterwards M.D.

King, Edward.

Smith, Adam ('The Wealth of Nations').

Mylne, Robert.

Chamier, Anthony.

Steevens, George.

Dillon, Hon. Charles ; afterwards Dillon Lee.

Weston, Robert.

Barrington, Hon. Dainas.

Howard, Hon. Charles ; afterwards Duke of Norfolk.

Miiiet, Daniel.

L'Epinasse, Charles.

Witchell, George.

Bennet, Richard Henry Alexander.

Watson, William, M.B. ; afterwards M.D. and Kt.

Manning, Owen, B.D.

Greville, George, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Warwick.

Radnor, William, Earl of.

1768

Huck, Richard, M.D. ; afterwards Huck-Saunders.

Moore, Charles.

Dargent, James.

Howard, Charles ; afterwards Duke of Norfolk.

Harris, Daniel.

Horsfall, James.

Penneck, Richard.

Nugent, Christopher, M.D.

Cowley, John Lodge.

Majendie, John James ; afterwards D.D.

Darker, John.

Dimdiis, Thomas; afterwards Bt. and Lord.

I Irathcote, John.

Spallan/ani, Lazzaro.

Bertier, Joseph 6tienne.

Morcll, Thomas, D.D.

Christian VII, King of Denmark.

Kmlyn, Thomas.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <>1 1 I I lo\VS 855

Date of
Election

Nov. 24

Feb. 2
9
16
23

Mar. 16

Apr. 13
20

May 11
25

June 1

>»

8
Nov. 16

Jan. 11

Mar. 1

8

15

55

Apr. 5

26
May 3

'io

17
31

June 21

July 5
Nov. 8

55

22

Jan. 3
Feb. 14

1768 (rontinued)

Clive, Robert, I /ml.
I^ashley, Thomas, M.I).

1769

Watson, Richard ; after wards D.I), mid Up. of LUndaJT.

Caverhill, John; afterwards M.I).

Waring, Richard Hill.

jreive, James, M.D.

Dimsdale, Thomas, M.I). (Russian Baron).

ftuxham, John Corham.

Wollaston, Rev. Francis, LL.B.

Sharpe, William.

Burzynski, Thaddeus Joseph, Count de.

[ngenhous/, John, M.D.

Raspe, Rudolf Eric.

Morand, Jean Francois Clement, M.D.

Wyatt, William.

[bbetson, John.

1770

Masseran, , Prince de.

Lane, Timothy.

Farr, William, M.D.

Beauclerk, Hon. Topham.

Hewson, William.

Welsh, James, M.D.

Planta, Andrew Joseph.

Russell, Francis.

Macarthy, Justin.

Bayford, David ; afterwards M.D.

Salis, Henry Jerome de ; afterwards D.D.

Collignon, Charles, M.D.

Pitcairn, William, M.D.

Dickson, Thomas, M.D.

Douglas, Charles ; afterwards Bt. and Admiral.

Bergius, Peter Jonas, M.D.

Le Roy, Charles, M.D.

Healde, Thomas, M.D.

Thomas, Edward.

Browne, Isaac Hawkins

Walsh, John.

Thomson, Rev. Samuel Welles, D.D.

Arbuthnot, John.

1771

Erskine, Robert.
Dalrymple, Alexander.

Aa2

afterwards D.C.L.

JJ.lli

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Feb. 17

2]

28

Mar. 14
Apr. 11
May 2
"

16
30

5?

June 6

Nov. 7
14

Dec. 5
12

Jan. 9

16

Feb. 13
20
27

Apr. 2

»
9

30

May 7
28

«
June 4

«

18

25

July 9

Nov. 12
19

Dec, 24

1771 (contimted)

Baker, John Wynn.

King, Rev. John Glen ; afterwards D.D.

Tyrwhitt, Thomas (Chaucerian scholar).

1 Toward, Samuel.

Tunstall, Marmaduke.

Maseres, Francis.

Paradise, John ; afterwards D.C.L.

Maty (Matty), Paul Henry.

Walker, George.

Poczobut, Rev. Father Martin.

Limbourg, John Philip tfe, M.D.

Stephens, Philip ; afterwards Bt.

Petty, James.

Frere, John.

Courland, Peter, Duke of.

Duncan, Sir William, Bt.

Way, Benjamin.

Phipps, Hon. Constantine John ; afterwards Lord Mul-

grave.
Hopton, Richard Cope.

1772

Jodrell, Richard Paul.
Aubert, Alexander.
Booth, Benjamin.

Jackson, Rev. Cyril ; afterwards D.D.
Pigott, Nathaniel.
Greville, Hon. Charles Francis.
Carnac, Brigadier-General John.
Forster, Johann Reinhold ; afterwards LL.D.
Folkes, Martin ; afterwards Bt.
Swinden, Philip van.
Pownall, Thomas (' Governor Pownall ').
Jones, William ; afterwards Kt.
Milman, Francis ; afterwards M.D. and Bt.
Lytton, Richard Warburton.
Perrin, William Philip.
Kuckahn, Tesser Samuel.
( 'aldani, Marc' Antonio Leopoldo.
(iossct, Uc\. Isaac, M.A. ; afterwards D.D.
Blagden, (Charles, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Poore, Edward.
:, John.

rlli, Kenneth, Earl of.
Jackson, Humphry.

Mahon, Charles, Viscount; afterwards Earl Stanhope.
, John.

CHRONOLOGICAL KKC.ISTER OF FELLOWS 857

Date of
Election

Feb. 18

99

25
Mar. 4

99

18
25
Apr. 1

99

22
29

May 20

99

27

99

June 10

99
99
99
99

17
Nov. 18

99

25
Dec. 16

Feb. 17
Mar. 3

99

10
17

Apr. 21
28

May 12

99

19

June 2

99
99
99

177,'*

Yorke, Hon. John.

Bethune, John.

Lever, Ashton ; afterwards Kt.

Bayley, Thomas Butterworth.

Guernsey, Heneage, Lord ; afterwards K. of Ayleaford.

Earle, William Benson.

Brydone, Patrick.

Falconer, William, M.D.

Ives, John.

Polwarth, Alexander, Lord.

Carmarthen, Francis, Marquess of.

Plymouth, Other, Earl of.

Livius, Peter.

Blyke, Richard.

Henley, William.

Bancroft, Edward ; afterwards M.D.

Dummer, Thomas.

Smith, John ; afterwards Bt.

O'Brien, Sir Lucius Henry, Bt.

Frankland, Thomas ; afterwards Bt

Garden, Alexander, M.D.

Stehelin, Jacob de.

Le Roy, Jean Baptiste.

De Luc, Jean Andre.

Preston, Jacob.

Wynn, Sir Watkin Williams, Bt.

Lettsom, John Coakley, M.D.

Dixon, Jeremiah.

Lind, John.

Burney, Charles, Mus.Doc.

1774

Planta, Joseph.

Paoli, Gen. Pasquale de.

Nooth, John Mervin, M.D.

Teighe, Michael, M.D.

Musgrave, Sir William, Bt.

Magalhaens (or Magellan), Jean Hyacinth de.

Young, Arthur.

Duval, Rev. Philip ; afterwards D.D.

Michell, Richard.

Gould, Rev. William ; afterwards D.D.

M°Kenzie, Murdoch.

Ellis, John.

Pigott, Granado.

Poissonnier, Pierre, M.D.

Eckhardt, Anton Georg.

De Born, le Chevalier Ignarc.

858

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Da

Election

1774 (continued)

June (J

Walker, James, M.D.

««

Craufunl, Patrick George.

N

Twiss, Richard.

16

I lut ton, Charles ; afterwards LL.D.

Nov. 10

Duroure, Francis.

24

Cotton, Robert Salusbury.

Dei-. 8

Bagnall, John.

ft

Adyc, John Willett.

15

Lloyd, John.

22

Shuckburghf-Evelyn], Sir George Augustus William,

1775

Feb. 2

Hunter, Alexander, M.D.

16

Melvill, General Robert.

23

Milles, Rev. Jeremiah; afterwards D.D.

Mar. 2

Cullum, Rev. Sir John, Bt.

9

Gough, Richard.

16

Barker, Sir Robert, Kt.

23

Garthshore, Maxwell, M.D.

30

Rawlinson, Sir Walter, Kt.

55

James, William ; afterwards Bt.

55

Napier, James ; afterwards Kt.

J»

Hey, William.

Apr. 27
May 4

Dutens, Rev. Louis.
Constable, William.

18

Henry, Thomas.

25

Latham, John ; afterwards M.D.

June 1

Sterling, Robert.

«

Scjour, Achille Pierre Dionis du.

55

Le Sage, Georges Louis.

22

Jones, Rev. William.

Nov. 9

Call, John ; afterwards Bt.

55

Pitt, John.

Dec. 7

Hatton, George Fineh.

14

Justamond, John Obadiah.

«•

1 1 ume, Sir Abraham, Bt.

1776

Jan. 11

M

Bruce. James (the African Explorer).
Combe, Charles ; afterwards M.D.

L8

Elliot, John ; afterwards Admiral.

25

Ker, Robert.

Feb. 15

Fonlyce. George, M.D.

21)
Mar. 14

Cook, James (the Circumnavigator).
Marslwm, Hon. Charles; afterwards Earl Romney.

21

Prime, Samuel.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGIS I KK <>1 1 I I lo\\>

Date of
Election

1776 (continued)

Apr. 18
25

May 9

55
16

19

23
June 6

55

55
55

13

55

20
Nov. 7
Dec. 19

Jan. 9

55

Feb. 13

55

20
Mar. 13

Apr. 10
17
24

May 1
8

29

55

June 3

55

19
Nov. 13

27
Dec. 18

Norton, Sir Fletcher ; afterwards Lord Grantley.

Chambers, Sir William, K t .

Cooper, William, D.I).

Taylor, John ; afterwards Bt.

Meyrick, Owen Putland.

Alleyne, John.

Chetwode, Sir John, Bt.

Stewart, John.

Stinton, George, D.D.

Calderwood, William.

Rezzonico, il principe Abondio.

Villoison, Jean Gaspar d'An

Davila, Pedro.

Atwood, George.

Crofts, Thomas.

Nairne, Edward.

Hemming, Samuel.

Palmerston, Henry, Viscount.

Wales, William.

Chesterfield, Philip, Earl of.

1777

Russell, William.

Forster, Georg ; afterwards M.D.

Mackworth, Sir Herbert, Bt.

Cowper, George Nassau Clavering, Earl.

Grosvenor, Richard, Lord ; afterwards Earl.

Brown, William.

Shuldham, Molyneux, Lord ; Admiral.

Bridgen, Edward.

Wolf, Nathaniel Matthew, M.D.

Osborne, John.

Shuttleworth, Robert.

Hamilton, Anthony, D.D.

Nolcken, Gustavus Adam, Baron.

Cullen, William, M.D.

Pelham, Charles Anderson; afterwards Lord

borough.

Amiens, Edward, Lord.
Peachey, John ; afterwards Lord Selsey.
Mudge, John.

Ortega, Casimir Gomez de, M.D.
Toaldo, Giuseppe.
White, Thomas.
Wegg, George Samuel.
Russell, Patrick, M.D.
Lind, James, M.D.

,'HIO

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

Jan. 8
Feb. 1J

19

Mar. 5

12

26

Apr. :„»
9

55

30
May 14

June 4
18

25

Nov. 5

12
Dec. 24

Jan. 21
Feb. 4
11

18
25

Mar. 11

18

Apr. 15

22
n

29

May 6

1778

1'Yaser, Hon. Archibald Campbell.

Dobson, Matthew, M.D.

Wyatt, John.

Englefield, Henry Charles ; afterwards Bt.

Partridge, Henry.

Walsingham, Hon. Robert Boyle ; afterwards Lord

Walsingham.
DC- (irey, Thomas.
Wright, William, M.D.
Watson, James ; afterwards Kt.
Lavanl, Rev. Charles Peter; afterwards D.D.
Caulfeild, Wade Toby.'
Nash, Joseph.

Cave, Thomas ; afterwards Bt.
Heath, Benjamin.
Hodgkinson, Robert Banks.
Howard, William Augustus, M.D.
Else, Joseph.
Shadwell, Lancelot.
Worsley, Sir Richard, Bt.
Hay, Alexander, M.D.
Preston, Rev. William.
Lockman, Rev. John, D.D.
Douglas, Rev. John ; afterwards D.D., Bp. of Carlisle,

and then of Salisbury.
Dawkins, Henry.
Fothergill, Anthony, M.D.
Alstroemer, John.

1779

Wen man, Hon. Thomas Francis.
Carysfort, John Joshua, Earl of.
Seward, William.
Gray, Edward Whitaker, M.D.
Tyson, Rev. Michael.
Jebb, Rev. John. M.D.
Richardson, Rev. Robert, D.D.
Farr, Samuel, M.D.

Thomas; afterwards M.D.
!Jagge» Henry.
(ilenie, Lieut. James.
Bromfield, Robert, M.D.
Topham, John.
Huxton, (ii-orge, M.D.
Thompson, Benjamin ; afterwards Kt. and Count

Rmnfonl.

Payne, Sir Ralph, K.B. ; afterwards Lord Lavington.
Smyth, -lames Carmichael, M.D.

CHRONOLOGICAL RKC.ISTKK <>1 I I I I o\VS 861

Date of
Ekctwn

May 6

»
13

Tune 3
17

?>

24

Nov. 4
11

5»

18

»

Dec. 9
16

Jan. 10
20
27

Feb. 10

17
24

Mar. 2

9

Apr. 6
?»
13
27

May 25
June 1
8
15
Nov. 9

J5

16

Feb. 8

j>
15

Mar. 1
8

1779 (nnit'ni

Poll, Ginsrppr.

o( ISOM. John, M.I).
Whitehurst, John.
Kniiisford, Maj.-(ici). ( h.in
Dupre, Josia-.
Kippis, Andrew, D.I).
Fullarton, William.
Murray, Hon. James.
Sinnnoiis, Samuel Foart, M.I).
Henniker, John ; afterwards HI. and Haron.
Grant, John.
Jennings, John.
Wilmot, John.
Cavallo, Tiberius.
Hamersley, Hugh.

1780

Gloucester, William Henry, Duke of.

Belluga, Bernardo dr.

Onslow, Hon. Edward.

Anspach und Bayreuth. Christian Friedrich Carl

Alexander, Margraf von.
Upper Ossory, John, Earl of.
Kirwan, Richard.
Desaguliers, Lieut.-Gen. Thoina^.
Silvester, John.
Marsham, Robert.
Petre, Robert Edward, Lord.

Althorp, George John, Vise. ; afterwards E. Spencer.
Casaux, Charles, marquis de.
Moultou, Pierre.
Duroure, Lieut.-Col. John.
Ord, John.

Podmanctzky, Baron Joseph Louis dr.
Milner, Rev. Isaac; afterwards l).l).
Atholl, John, Duke of.
Pepys, Lucas, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.
Hurlock, Philip.
Penton, Henry.

1781

Daschaw, Paul, Prince.

Hay garth, John.

Young, George ; afterwards Kt.

De^Femirs, George, Ix>rd ; afterwards Karl of Leicester.
King, Capt. James, R.N., LL.D.
Yeats, Thomas Pattinson.

362

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Election

Mar. 8

15
22
29

Apr. 5
May 3

10

17

5?

June 14
July 5
Nov. 8

15
Dec. 6

20

Jan. 17
Feb. 14

?5

21
28
••

•)i

Mar. 14
n

Apr. 11

»

25
Nov. 7

Jan. 9
16

1781 (contwutcd)

Lightfoot, Rev. John.

Rennell, James.

Davies, Capt. Thomas.

Franks, William.

Cheston, Richard Brown.

Agar, Welbore Ellis.

Calvert, Peter, LL.I).

Wevelinchoven, Anthony de.

Lewisham, George, Viscount; afterwards Earl of

Dartmouth.

Barbiano and Belgiojoso, Charles Maria Lewis, Count of.
Price, Richard Parry.

Bowdler, Thomas, M.D. (Editor of Shakspeare).
Shepherd, Rev. Richard ; afterwards D.D.
Price. James; afterwards M.D.
Fly, Rev. Henry ; afterwards D.D.
Vyse, William, LL.D.
Reynolds, Henry Revell, M.D.
Blackburne, Thomas, M.D.
Edgworth, Richard Lovell.
Leslie, Patrick Duguid, M.D.
Windham, Joseph.
Egerton, Rev. Francis Henry.
Jodrell, Paul ; afterwards M.D. and Kt.
Herschel, William ; afterwards LL.D. and K.H.
Leith, Theodore Forbes, M.D.

1782

North, Hon. George Augustus ; afterwards Earl of

Guilford.

Coxe, Rev. William.

Broussonet, Peter Maria Augustus, M.D.
Beaufoy, Henry.

Peachey, Sir James ; afterwards Lord Selsey.
Wilbraham, Roger.
Bristol, Frederick Augustus, Earl of; D.D. and Bishop

of Derry.

Greig, Sir Samuel,
llurlock, Joseph.
Braithwaite, Daniel.
Pitcairn, David; afterwards M.D.
Guthrie, Matthew, M.I).
Gunning, John.
Anker, Ik-nit.

1783

\Vyndham, Henry Penruddock.
Wedgwood, Josiah.

CHRONOLOGICAL RKUISTKK <>1 I I LLOWS

Date of
Election

Jan. 23

Mar. 6
13
20

Z* . 3
« 8
15
29
June 5

July 10

Feb. 19

Apr. 22
29

May 13
?>
27

June 10
17
24

Aug. 12

Dec. 16

23

Jan. 13
Feb. 3

24
Mar. 17

Apr. 21

j?

28
May 12

26
June 9

16

1788

Hollingbery, Rev. Thomas, 1)1)

Marsden, William ; afterward 1 ) < I

Raper, Matthew.

Wilson, John.

Law, John ; afterwards D.I), and Bishop of Clonf.

Sheffield, John, Lord ; afterwards Karl of Sheffield.

Brownlow, John, Ixml.

Fournier, Gideon.

Barnard, Thomas, D.D., Bishop of Killaloe.

Caramanico, Francesco d* Aquino, Prince of.

Dreyer, Christopher William de.

Tooke, Rev. William.

Page, Capt. Thomas Hyde; afterwnnU Kl.

1784

Breadalbane, John, Earl of.

Kinnaird, George, Lord.

Gresley, Rev. Thomas, D.D.

Sheldon, John.

Salisbury, James, Earl of; afterwards Marquess.

Yonge, Sir George.

Harwood Busick, M.B.; afterwards M.I), and Kt.

Mount Edgcumbe, George, Viscount ; afterwards Earl.

Hoare, Henry Hugh.

Malaspina di Sannazzaro, Luigi Marchese di.

Sinclair, John ; afterwards Bt.

Whitefoord, Caleb.

Gordon, Alexander, Duke of.

Bavaria, Carl Theodor, Elector Palatine of.

Potter, Thomas.

Blane, Gilbert, M.D.

1785

Tennant, Smithsoii ; afterwards M.D.

Buckinghamshire, John, Earl of.

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley, Earl of.

Morton, George, Earl of.

Pretyman, Rev. George ; afterwards D.D., Bishop c

Lincoln, and Bt. ; assumed name of lomlme.
Graham, Aaron.
Hallifax, Robert, M.D.

Woide, Rev. Charles Godfrey ; afterwards D.C.L*
Pringle, Lieut.-Col. Robert.
Holford, Stayner.

Smith, James Edward ; afterwards M.D. an<
Beauvoir, Rev. Osmond, D.D.
Udny, Robert.
Neave, Richard.

364

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

Nov. M-l

Dec

15

Jan. 12

19

Feb. 2
9

23
Mar. 9

16
23

Apr. 6
May 4

?»
11

18

M

25

June 1
15

22
. 9
16

Jan. 11
is
26

l,t, IB

1785 (continued)

Ussher, Rev. Henry.

Watt, James; afterwards LL.l).

Withering, William, M.D.

Boulton. Matthew.

(ialton, Samuel.

Heir, James.

Ilenniker, Major Jolm ; afterwards Lord Henniker.

Cracherode, Rev. Clayton Mordaunt.

Sullivan (Sulivan), Richard Joseph ; afterwards Bt.

1786

Ranisdeii, Jesse.

Hunter, John, M.D.

Arden, Charles George, Baron.

Grimston, James Bucknal.

Thomson, Alexander ; afterwards Kt.

Parkinson, Rev. Thomas.

Holliday, John.

Scale, Rev. John Barlow.

Whitefield, Rev. Henry, D.D.

Thomson, William, M.B. ; afterwards M.D.

Eden, Rt. Hon. William ; afterwards Baron Auckland.

Goodricke, John.

Vallancey^ Col. Charles.

Molesworth, Richard.

D'Auvergne, Philip, Capt. R.N. ; afterwards due de

Bouillon.

Crawford, Adair, M.D.
Webster, Sir Godfrey, Bt.
Palmer, William Finch.
Martyn, Rev. Thomas, B.D.
Ilewett, Rev. John.
Marlborough, George, Duke of.
Ilivs, Rev. Abraham, D.D.
Turner, Edmund.
Yoim<;-, William; afterwards Bt.
V inee, Rev. Samuel.
MacBean, Col. Forbes.
Oldershaw, l{ev. John.

Wollaston, Rev. Francis John Hyde ; afterwards B.D.
Hos(-, R(;v. William.

1787

Fonlycc. Sir William, Kt.

Piirtrott. Arthur; afterwards Kt.

Pitt. William Morton.

Middleton, Henry Willoughby, Lord.

Home. K\rrard ; since Kt.

CHRONOLOGICAL KKC.ISTKR <)! I I I I < >VVS

Date of
Election

May 3

17
June 14
Nov. 8

22

55

Dec. 6

Jan. 17
Feb. 21
Mar. 6

Apr. 3

55
55

55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55

10
17
24
May 1

1787

Staunton, Sir (iro r«;v Leonard, lit.

Erskine, I Ion. Thomas ; afterwards Ix>rd 1

Salisbury, Richard Anthony ; formerly Markham.

Fife, James, Earl of.

Coutinho, L. Pinto dc- Sousa (Chc\aii.-i d.- Pinto).

Cullum, Sir Thomas Gery, Bt.

Macie, James Lewis; afterwards James Smith

Rawdon, Francis, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Moira and
Marquess of Ha^lin^.

Ord, Craven.

Bli/ard, William; afterwards Kt.

Bentinck, William.

Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg, Ernest, Duke of.

Ash, John, M.I).

Vay de Vaja, Baron Nicolas.

Parsons, William.

Loughborough, Alexander Weddi-rburn. I/>rd; after-
wards Earl of Rosslyn.

Parkyns, Thomas Boothby ; afterward > Lord Rancliffc.

Goodenough, George Trenchard.

Relhan, Rev. Richard.

1788

Crisp, John.

Darwin, Robert Waring, M.D.

Northumberland, Hugh, Duke of.

Sibthorp, John, M.D.

Hardinge, George.

Crell, Florens Lauren tius Fridericus, M.D.

Perronet, Jean Rodolphe.

Guy ton de Morveau, Louis Bernard.

Lorgna, Antonio Mario.

Bugge, Thomas.

Jacquin, Nicolas Joseph de, M.D.

Hedwig, Johann, M.D.

Bulgaris, Eugenius, Archbishop of Ui

Mann, Theodor Augustin.

Bowdoin, James.

Thunberg, Carolus Petrus, M.D.

De Saussure, Horace Benedict.

Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent.

Adair, James.

Johnson, Robert Augustus.

Pole-Carew, Reginald.

Pearce, William, D.D.

Supple, Richard Brooke; afterward > lit, <

Capell Brooke.
Wall, Martin, M.D.

366

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

May 29
June 5
»>
12

Nov. 13
27

.Ian. :26

29

. 26

1788 (continued}

.Mar. 5
19

Apr. 2
30

May 14

Nov. 5
12
19

.Jan. 21

Feb. 11
18

Mar. 18
Apr. 2!)

M;.V 0

18
Jut*

Rashleigh, Philip.

Finlay, John.

Glasgow, George, Earl of.

Wilkins, Charles.

Arden,Sir Richard Pepper, Kt.; afterwards B. Alvanley.

Gibbon, Edward (the Historian).

1789

Cumberland, Henry Frederick William, Duke of.

York, Frederick, Duke of.

Gillies, John, LL.D. ,

Si iaw, George. M.D.

.1 rimer, Edward ; afterwards M.D. (Discoverer of Vac-
cination).

Fit/william of Meryon, Richard, Viscount.

Bennet, Rev. Abraham.

Da vies, Jonathan, D.D.

Herzberg, Ewald Friedrich, Graf von.

Berthollet, Claude Louis.

Laplace, Pierre Simon, marquis de.

Cassini, Jean Dominique, comte de.

Le Gendre, Adrien Marie.

Mechain, Pierre Francois Andre.

Wilcke, John Charles.

Bode, Jolin Elert.

Heyne, Christian Gottlob.

Kiistner, Abraham Gotthelf.

Michaelis, John David.

Goodenough, Samuel, D.C.L. ; afterwards Bp. of Car-
lisle.

Eardley, Samson, Earl of.

Morse,' Col. Robert.

Rogers, George.

Wood, Robert.

1790
Hillsborough, Arthur, Earl of ; afterwards Marquess of

Downshire.

Fisher, Rev. Richard ; afterwards Belward.
Beanfoy. Mark.
Kervo, .John.

Green, Maj.-Gen. Sir William, Bt.
Stanley, .John Thomas; afterwards Bt,
Klfonl. \\'illiam ; afterwards Bt.
Warren. Charles.
Morgan, AVilliam.
Uanianl. l-'ivdi-rick Augustus.
Haillie. Matthew. M.I)'.

CHRONOLOGICAL RKGISTKK <>1 1 I I I < >\VS

Date of
Election

une 3
24

ov. 4
11
25

'eb. 17
24
Mar. 10

55

17

24

55
31

1790 (continued)

Ar. 14
ay 5

55
55
55
>5

26

June 23

30

Nov. 17

55
55

Dec. 15

Jekyll, Joseph.

Elphinstone, Hon. George Keith; afterwards I/ml

Keith.
Metcalfe, Philip.

Robertson, James, M.D. ; afterwards J. R. Barclay.
Hardwicke, Philip, Earl of.

1791

Farmer, Rev. Richard, D.I).
Heberden, William ; afterwards M.D.
Townley, Charles.
Pocock, George.
Grant, Lewis Alexander.
Best, George.
Macleod, Col. Norman.
Spranger, John.
Poniatowski, Prince Michael.
Freire, Cypriano Ribeiro.
Lambert, Aylmer Bourke.
Walker, Fowler.

Fraser, William ; afterwards Bt.

Chalmers, George.

Hawkins, John.

D'Aubant, Lieut.-Col. Abraham.

Walker, Thomas.

Eyre, Sir James, Kt.

Volt a, Alessandro.

Scarpa, Antonio.

Pictet, Marc Auguste.

Lagrange, Joseph Louis Marie, comte de.

Delambre, Jean Baptiste Joseph.

UHuilier, Simon.

Bruce, John.

Stanley, Richard.

Pearson, George, M.D.

HJ. Ki

Bisshopp, Sir Cecil, Bt.
Huddart, Joseph.
Turnbull, John.
Willis, Henry Norton.

GUbert
afterwards Lord Zouche.

1792

Jan. 19 I Six, James.

Feb. 2 Long, Charles. .

16 Montagu, Rt. Hon. Frederick.
Mar. 1 I Weston, Rev. Stephen.

368

RKCOHI) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Ehvt'uw

1792 (continued)

Mar. 8
15

Apr. 19
26

Max 10
June 7

5»

28

Nov. 15

22

Dcr.

Feb. 7
14

Mar. 7
Apr. 11

n

18
May 9

H

June 6

?»

20
Nov. 7

»

21
Dec-. 12

Jan. ^
Feb. 6

Mar. fi

18

, llev. Thomas, D.D.
Chappclow, Rev. Leonard.
( 'larke, Hev. James Stanier.
I loan-. Sir Richard Colt, Bt.
Kqmarzewski, Lt.-Gen. John.
Macartney, George, Lord ; afterwards Earl.
Bosville, William.
l)avk«s, Samuel.

Shackleford, Rev. Richard Dickson, l).l).
Alison, Rev. Archibald, B.C.L.
Pennant., David.
Solly, Samuel.
dime, James, M.D.

1793

Ingilby, Sir John, Bt.

Scott, Sir John, Kt. ; afterwards Earl of Eldon.

Scott, Sir William, Kt. ; afterwards Baron S to well.

Abbot, Charles ; afterwards Baron Colchester.

Richards, Richard.

Douglas, Andrew.

Stephens, Francis.

Mendoza y Rios, Joseph.

Lichtenberg, Gottfried Carl.

Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich.

Tighe, Robert Stearne.

Saunders, William, M.I).

Wollaston, William Hyde, M.I). (P.R.S. 1820).

Bosanquet, Samuel.

Day, Sir John, Kt.

Abbot, John Far.

Campbell, Lord Frederick.

Wells, William Charles, M.D.

Greatheed, Richard Wilson.

Mountmorres, Harvey, Viscount.

Gostling, George.

1794

Watkins, Rev. Thomas.

North, lion. I'Yederick.

MiU'ord, Sir John, Kt. ; afk'nvanls Lord Redesdale.

Earle, James ; since Kt,

I'lnmer, Thomas.

Wynne, Kt. Hon. Sir William, Kt.

Ilutchinson, Kt. Hon. John Hely.

Hcnslou, Sir John, Kt.

Sduneiater, John (Godfrey.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS

late of
Election

1794 (conimutd)

Mar. 27

55

Apr. 3
Vlay 1

22

55
29

June 19
26

July 3

55

55
55

10

Nov. 13
20
Dec. 11

Feb. 12

26
Mar. 5

55

19

55

26

Apr. 16

55
55
55

55

2

May 2

June 4

Keate, Thomas.

Walker, John.

Greville, Hon. Robert Fulke.

Walter, Johann Gottlieb, M.I).

Edwards, Bryan.
Grieve, John, M.D.
Jenkinson, Hon. Robert Banks ; afterward* l»nl

Hawkesbury, and Earl of Liverpool.
Young, Thomas ; since M.D.

Mackenzie, Francis Humberstone ; afterwards Lord
Seaforth.

3eirson, Peter.
Aldersey, Robert.
Hulme, Nathaniel, M.D.

Vlajendie, Lewis.

Vlartin, Matthew.
Symmons, John.

Dirom, Major Alexander.

Sotheby, William.

Blackburne, John.

Ross, Lieut.-Col. Patrick.

1795

Radnor, Jacob, Earl of.

Gillan, Hugh, M.D.

Boringdon, John, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Morh-y.

Morpeth, George, Lord.

Douglas, Rt. Hon. Sylvester ; afterwards Ix>rd Glei

bervie.

Montagu, Matthew.

Pegge, Christopher, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Mathias, Thomas James.
Hutchinson, Rev. Benjamin.
Young, Samuel.
Heath, Rev. George, D.D.
Blane, William.
Fontana, Gregorio.
Oriani, Barnaba.
Rittenhouse, David.

Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel von, M.D.
Fortis, Alberto.
Willett, John \Villett.
Klaproth, Martin Heinrich.
Veltheim, August Ferdinand, Graf von.
Hamilton, Archibald.
Crathorne, Henry.
Robertson, Rev. Abraham.
Campbell, John ; afterwards Lord Cawdor.

Bb

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

l-lhrtion

1795 (contimted)

Nov. 19

Feb. 1
Mar. 3

17
Apr. 14

55

28
May 5

55

26

June 2
Nov. 10

55
17

24
Dec. 22

Jan. 14
26

Feb. 2

Mar. 2

9

55

23
30

Apr. :>7
May 4
11
18

55

25

55

June 1

55

15

22

Petrie, William.
Smith, Matthew.

1796

Gibbes, George Smith ; since M.D.

Correa de Serra, Joseph, LL.D.

Langford, Rev. William, D.D.

Larkins, William.

Mordaunt, Lieut-Gen. Thomas Osbert.

Abernethy, John.

Wilson, Glocester.

Lax, Rev. William.

Riou, Capt. Edward, R.N.

Dalrymple, Admiral John.

Hyett, Benjamin.

Lefevre, Charles Shaw.

Latham, William.

Sumner, George Holme.

Howley, Rev. William ; afterwards D.D., Bishop of

London, Abp. of Canterbury.
Rogers, Samuel.
Smith, Robert.
Valentia, George, Viscount.
Hellins, Rev. John.
Pemberton. Christopher Robert, M.D.

1797

Gloucester, William Frederick, Duke of.

Capper, Robert.

Lysons, Samuel.

Hamond, Sir Andrew Snape, Bt.

Hatchett, Charles.

Aust, George.

Somerset, Edward Adolphus, Duke of.

Parr, Bartholomew, M.D.

Ferris, Samuel, M.D.

Eaton, Rev. Stephen.

Towneley, John.

Wirtemberg, Frederic Charles William, Prince of.

St. Aubin, Sir John, Bt.

Ellis, George.

Lysons, Rev. Daniel.

Browne, Henry.

Clifford, I Ion." Robert.

Battine, William, LL.D.

(Yuikshank, William.

Fireman, Charle>.

Titsingh, Isaac.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER 01 MlloWS 871

Date of
Election

1797 (continued)

July 6

Nov. 23
Dec. 7
14

Mar. 22
29
Apr. 19

55
55
55

May 10
June 7

21

28
Nov. 8

15
Dec. 6

13

Jan. 17
Apr. 4
11

55

18

May 2
23
30

Nov. 7
14
21

Dec. 12

Jan. 9

16

Feb. 6
Apr. 24
May 8

Srodie, James.
Spalding, John.
Whitmore, Rev. George.
Egremont, George, Earl of.
Holmes, Rev. Robert, D.I).
Heaviside, John.

1798

Greene, Thomas.
Rennie, John.
Ryan, John.
Lee, Stephen.
Duncan, Alexander.
Gallitzin, Prince Demetrius.
Afzelius, Adam, M.D.
Schroeter, Johann Jerom.
Marum, Martin van, M.D.
Paterson, Lieut.-Col. William.
Hills, Philip.
Fergusson, Finlay.
Mudge, Capt. William.
Jackson, Samuel.
Gay, Nicholas.
Gregg, Henry.
Hobhouse, Benjamin.

1799

Howard, Edward.

Drummond, William.

East, Edward ; since Kt. and Bt.

Clark, James, M.D.

Hills, Philip.

Popham, Capt. Home, R.N.

Blair, Archibald.

Cocks, Hon. Reginald.

Mills, Abraham.

Sabine, Joseph.

Moussin Puschkin, Count Apollon of.

Carnegie, Sir David, Bt.

Roberts, Edward, M.D.

Bute, John, Marquess of.

1800

Jones, Thomas.
Scott, John Corse.
Henley, Frederick Morton, Lord.
Pelham, Thomas; afterwards Earl of Chichest
Crichton, Alexander, M.D.
Bb2

372

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

1800 (continued)

May 8
15
22

29

June 12
19
26

Nov. 27
Dec. 18

55
55
55

Jan. 8

15

Feb. 26
Mar. 5

55

12

55

26

Apr. 16

55

23
30

May 7
21

55

June 4
11

55

18
25

Nov. 12

K>
24

Feb. 18
25

Exeter, Henry Cecil, Earl of.

Macdonald, John.

Parry, Caleb Hillier, M.D.

Jordan, Gibbes Walker.

Pole, Rear-Adm. Charles Morice ; afterwards Bt.

Carrington, Robert, Lord.

Hippisley, Sir John Cox, Bt.

Meyrick, James.

Maton, William George, M.B.

Dickinson, Charles.

Douglas, Rev. William.

Carrington, Codrington Edmund ; afterwards Kt.

Symes, Lieut-Col. Michael.

Mountnorris, Arthur, Earl of.

1801

Marsh, Rev. Herbert ; afterwards D.D. and Bishop of
Peterborough.

Turner, Samuel.

Smith, Capt. Matthew, R.N.

Stirling, Sir Walter, Bt.

Chenevix, Richard.

Ellis, John.

Balme, Rev. Edward.

Antrobus, Edmund.

Isted, George.

Wilson, Giffin.

Long, William.

Davy, Martin, M.D.

Latham, John, M.D.

Hailstone, Rev. John.

Bligh, Capt. William, R.N.

Williams, John Lloyd.

Roberts, Roger Elliot.

Gordon, Lt.-Col. James Willoughby ; afterwards Bt.

Nixon, Rev. Robert, B.D.

Ash, Edward, M.D.

Hastings, Warren, Governor-General of India; after-
wards D.C.L

Yorke, lit. Hon. Charles Philip.

Forstor, Rev. Edward.

Wisst-t.t, Robert.

1802

( 'ooper, Astley Paston ; afterwards Bt.
Knox, Hon. George.
Burney, Charles; afterwards D.D.
Bournon, Jacques Louis, comte de.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 878

Date of
Election

Mar. 4

55
11

Apr. 1
May 6

55

20

June 24
July 1
8
Nov. 11

55

Dec. 9
16
23

Jan. 13

Feb. 10

17

55

24
Mar. 3

10

55

17
24

55

31

Apr. 28
May 19
Nov. 17

24

Feb. 2

23

Mar. 1
1 8

55

15
Apr. 12

1802 (contmttcd)

Liptrap, John.

Bavaria, Maximilian Joseph, Elector 1'alatiuc of.

Ware, James.

Fowler, Richard, M.D.

Knatchbull, Edward ; afterwards Bt.

Millington, Langford.

Douglas, Alexander, Marquess of; afterwards Duke of

Hamilton.

Mansfield, William, Earl of.
Cruickshank, William.
Biggin, George.
Trotter, John.
Seymour, Lord Webb.
Castlereagh, Henry Robert, Viscount.
Turner, Dawson.
Woodhouse, Robert.
Minto, Gilbert, Lord.
Hilliard, Edward.

1803

Blaquiere, John, Lord de.

Upton, Hon. Fulke Greville.

Raine, Rev. Matthew, D.D.

Rackett, Rev. Thomas.

Glandore, John, Earl of.

Brougham, Peter Henry; afterwards Lord Brougham

and Vaux.

Smith, John Spencer.
Blizard, Thomas.
Brinkley, Rev. John ; afterwards D.D. and Bishop of

Cloyne.

Forbes, James.
Pearson, John.

Charleville, Charles William, Viscount.
Staunton, Sir George Thomas, Kt. ; afterwards D.C.L.
Wilson, James.

Davy, Humphry ; afterwards Kt. and Bt. (P.R.S. 1!
Gregory, Richard.

1804

Dillwyn, Lewis Weston.

Huntingford, George Isaac, D.D., Bp. of Gloucester.

Anker, Carsten.

Howell, Thomas Bayly.

Carlisle, Anthony ; afterwards Kt.

Conolly, Valentine.

Piazzi, Rev. Giuseppe.

Zach, Franz Xaver, Freiherr von.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

i Died the day be-
fore.

Date of
Election

Apr. 12

26
May 10

17

31
June 7

21

Nov. 15
Dec. 6

13

Jan. 10

55

31
Feb. 14

21
Mar. 7

14

21
28

Apr. 25
May 2
23
30

June 13
July 4

Nov. 7
14
21

Jan. 16

55

23
Feb. 13

20

27
Mar. 13

20

1804 (continued)

Gibers, Wilhelm, M.D.
Gauss, Carl Friedrich, Ph.D.
Kirkwall, John, Viscount.
Hutchinson, Andrew, M.B.
Nares, Rev. Robert.
Short, Charles.
Robertson, Robert, M.D.
Harrison, Thomas.
Hanmer, Sir Thomas, Bt.
Wrangham, Rev. Francis.
Turner, Col. Tomkyns Hilgrove.
Hope, Thomas.
Cocksliutt, James.
Finch, Thomas.

1805

1 Winnington, Sir Edward, Bt.

Warberg, Olaus.

Rudge, Edward.

Morris, George Paulet, M.D.

Blaquiere, Hon. William.

Ferguson, Robert.

Fermor, Hon. Thomas William ; afterwards Earl of

Pomfret.

Knight, Thomas Andrew.
Holford, Robert.
Smith, William.

Cust, Hon. John ; afterwards Earl Brownlow.
Bristol, Frederick William, Earl of.
Babington, William, M.D.
Rigaud, Stephen Peter.
Murdoch, Thomas.

Barrow, John ; afterwards LL.D. and Bt.
Dysart, Wilbraham, Earl of.
Loveden, Edward Loveden.
Whidbey, Joseph.
Dimsdale, Nathaniel (Russian Baron).

1806

Guillemard, John.
Carr, Rev. William Holwell.
Thomas, Honoratus Leigh.
Malet, Sir Charles Warre, Bt.
Smith, William.
F<»ter, Rt. Hon. John.
Wigrnin, Robert; afterwards Kt.
Ilorslmrgh, James.
Nicholl. Sir John.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS «75

Date of
Election

Mar. 20
Apr. 17

May 1

55

15

22

June 12

55

19

Nov. 13
Dec. 18

Jan. 8
15
22

Feb. 5

55

19

26
Mar. 5

12

Apr. 16
23

May 7

55

14
June 4

11

Nov. 19
Dec. 10

17

Jan. 14

55

28

55

1806 (contimirtl)

Clayton, Sir Richard, Bt.

Arnold, James Henry.

Cuvier, Georges, baron.

Lacepede, Bernard Germain Etienne de la V

Prevost, Pierre.

Harding, Charles.

Moor, Edward.

Griffiths, John.

Buchanan, Francis, M.D. ; afterwards Hamilton.

Kearney, John, Bishop of Ossory.

Hall, Sir James, Btf

Sharp, Richard.

Higgins, William.

Stirling, Rear-Adm. Charles.

Penn, William.

Reid, Thomas.

1807

Mahon, Philip Henry, Vise. ; afterwards Earl Stanhope.

Cline, Henry.

Leslie, Maj.-Gen. Hon. John.

Stratton, George Frederick.

Harrison, George.

Playfair, Rev. John, D.D.

Burgess, Thomas, D.D., Bp. of St. David's; afterward* of

Salisbury.

Pond, John (Astronomer Royal in 1811).
Greenough, George Bellas.
Garrow, William.
Combe, Taylor.
Children, John George.
Gell, William.
Hodgson, William.
Jacob, William.
Winchilsea, George, Earl of.
Solly, Richard Horsman.
Blake, William.
Nicholson, Maj.-Gen. Robert.
Humphreys, Col. David,
Allen, William.
Petit, Louis Hayes.
Trye, Charles Brandon.

1808

Auriol, James Peter.
Hamilton, Alexander (Orientalist).
Bridgewater, John William, Earl of.
Pepys, William Hasledine.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIET1

Date of

Election

1808 (continued)

Feb. 11

18

Mar. 24

31
Apr. 7

28
May 12

26
June 2

July 7
Nov. 10

24
Dec. 8

15
p

Jan. 19
Feb. 9
16
23

Mar. 2
9
23

Apr. 13

May 11

June 8

22
Dec. 7

21

Jan. 18
Feb. 1
15
22

Mar. 8
15

Bree, Robert, M.D.

St. John of Bletsoe, St. Andrew, Lord.

Hope, Capt. William Johnstone, R.N. ; afterwards

Admiral and K.C.B.
Good, John Mason.
Watson, William.
Aberdeen, George, Earl of.
Mount Edgcumbe, Richard, Earl of.
Goldingham, John.
Astle, Edward.
Marcet, Alexander, M.D.
Selkirk, Thomas, Earl' of.
White, William Henry.
Chisholm, Colin, M.D.
Duckett, George.
Salis, Jerome de.
Howard, Lt.-Col. Hon. Fulke Greville.

1809

McLeay, Alexander.

Rowley, Lieut. -Col. John.

Warburton, Henry.

Henry, William, M.D.

Willan, Robert, M.D.

Heathfield, Francis Augustus, Lord.

Barnwell, Charles Frederick.

Gillon, John.

Noguier, John Anthony.

Brande, William Thomas ; afterwards D.C.L.

Cowper, Peter Leopold, Earl.

Smith, John, F.S.A.

Burney, Capt. James, R.N.

Bingley, Robert.

Beauclerk, Lord Amelius; afterwards Admiral, G.C.H.

and G.C.B.
Hoare, Charles.
St. Vincent, John, Earl of.

1810

Konig, Charles Dietrich Eberhard.
Canning, George ; afterwards Lord Garvagh.
Brodie, Benjamin Collins ; afterwards Bt. (P.R.S. 1858).
Bickerton, Admiral Sir Richard Hussey, Bt. ; after-
wards K.C.B.

Hulford, Sir Henry, M.D., Bt. (formerly Vaughan).
Tut hi 11, George Leman ; afterwards MJ). and Bt.
Troiii-hion, Edward.
Cotton, Joseph.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF I I 1 lo\VS 877

Date of
Election

1810 (continued)

Mar. 15
22
May 10

5J

31
June 7

??
28

July 5

12

Nov. 22
Dec. 6

13

Jan. 17
Feb. 21

j»

28

Mar. 7
14

21
28

?»
Apr. 4

May 16

j»

23

30

June 13
27

July 4

Nov. 14
21

Dec. 5

Sparke, Bowyer Edward, Bishop of Chester.

Darnley, John, Earl of.

Shee, Sir George.

Brisbane, Lieut.-Col. Thomas Macdougall.

Hope, Thomas Charles, M.D. •

Stracey, Edward.

Thornton, Edward.

Moore, Daniel.

Cadell, William Archibald.

Croker, John Wilson.

Hodgson, Rev. Robert.

Ridge, George.

Lowther, William, Viscount.

Wharton, Richard.

Wix, William.

Johnston, Sir Alexander, Kt.

Lygon, Hon. William Beauchamp.

Robertson, James.

Baker, John.

1811

Milton, Charles William, Viscount.

Corry, Rt. Hon. Isaac.

Macartney, James ; afterwards M.D.

Dealtry, Rev. William ; afterwards D.D.

Kaye, Rev. John.

Baker, Sir Frederick, Bt.

Carstairs, John.

Wade, Walter, M.D.

Dixon, Rev. Richard.

Thomson, Thomas, M.D.

Congreve, William ; afterwards Bt.

Lansdowne, Henry, Marquess of.

Chaloner, Robert.

Egan, Thomas, M.D.

Dent, John.

Elliot, John.

Anderdon, John Proctor.

Hibbert, George.

Ellis, Henry, LL.B.

Smith, Rear-Adml. Sir Wm. Sidney ; afterwards G.C.B.

Hoblyn, Thomas.

Sampson, Rev. Thomas, D.D.

Rowley, Rev. George.

Stevenson, William Ford.

Locker, Edward Hawke.

Brown, Robert ; afterwards D.C.L.

Franks, William.

1*78

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

1811 (continued)

Jan. 9

-n

27
Mar. 5

55
12

Apr. 9
16
23

May 7

55

14

28

June 11

55

18
Nov. 5

19
26

Dec. 10
17
24

Feb. 4
11
25

Mar. 4
11
18

Apr. 8

55
55

May 6

27

-June 21
Nov. ]]

Randolph, John, D.D., Bishop of London.
Holland, Henry Richard Vassall Fox, Lord.

1812

Hasted, Rev. Henry.

Hooker. William Jackson ; afterwards D.C.L. and K.H.

Parry, Charles Henry, M.D.

Groombridge, Stephen.

Bennet, Hon. Henry Grey.

Phipps, Hon. Augustus.

Lowry, Wilson.

Lawson, James.

Dwyer, Rev. Edmund.

Crampton, Philip.

Hall, Benjamin.

Davis, Richard Hart.

Saunders, George.

Eardley-Wilmot, John Eardley ; afterwards Bt.

Solly, Samuel.

Speer, William.

Campbell, Hon. John.

Bridge, Rev. Bewick.

Morris, Edward.

Montyon, Antoine Jean Baptiste Robert Auget,

baron de.

Tomline, William Edward.
Salt, Henry.
Hare, Francis George.
Towneley, Peregrine Edward.
Wood, William.

1813

Fitzgerald, Rt. Hon. Maurice.
Pemberton, George.
Firming, John, M.D.
Wix, Rev. Samuel.
Inn) is, Robert Harry; afterwards Bt.
Simmons, Richard, M.D.
Johnstone, John, M.D.
Hamilton, William Richard.
Hanlwicke, Lieut.-Col. Thomas.
Wanvn. IVlhani, M.D.

Brr/rlius, .Ions Jakob, Baron, M.D. (For. Mem.).
Talbot. Charles Chetwynd, Earl.
Hri-M-hrl. John Frederick William; afterwards Bt.
Vaughan, William.
Mackintosh, Sir James, Kt.
William. D.I).

CHRONOLOGICAL KK(;iSTKK <>l FELLOWS

Date of
Election

Nov. 11

Feb. 10
17
24

Mar. 3
10
17
24

May 5

19

June 9

5»

16
23

5?

30
Nov. 10

17

Dec. 15

»
22

Jan. 19

Feb. 16
23
Mar. 2

9
16

?»

Apr. 6

1813

Homer, Leonard.

[^awrence, William ; afterward* Bt.

1814
Elmsley, Rev. Peter.
Davy, John.

Law, George Henry, Bishop of Chest
Hay, Robert William.
Sims, John, M.D.
Dickenson, John.

Brunei, Marc Isambard ; afterwards Kt.
Neave, Sir Thomas, Bt.
Yelloly, John, M.D.

Boughton, Sir Charles William Rouse, Bt.
Boughton, William Edward Rouse.
Daniell, John Frederic.

Middleton, Thomas Fanshawe, D.D., Bp. of Calcutta.
Hobhouse, John Cam ; afterwards Lord Bmu<rhton.
Carlisle, Nicholas.
Weyland, John.

Ducie, Thomas Reynolds Moreton, Ix>rd.
Italinsky, Chevalier A. d\
Boyle, Hon. Courtenay.
Stewart, Dugald.
Beaufort, Francis, Capt, R.N.
Seppings, Robert.
Deane, Rev. William.
Rudge, Rev. James.
Kater, Capt. Henry.
Rashleigh, William.
Burney, Rev. Charles Parr.

1815

Bold, Peter Patten.

Holland, Henry, M.D.

Grey, Thomas, M.D.

Whishaw, John.

Eliott, Sir William Francis.

Hartopp, George Harry Fleetwood.

Dawkins, James.

Cocks, James, Lieut.-Col.

Roget, Peter Mark, M.D.

Bond, Phineas.

D'Oyly, Rev. George, B.D.

Allan, Thomas.

Haighton, John. M.D.

Ivory, James ; afterwards Kt.

Humboldt, Baron Alexander von (For. Mm..).

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Kltvtion

1815 (continued}

Apr. 6

M ,

••
13

27

May 4
11
June 1

8
15

Nov. 9
16

99

23
Dec. 14

21

Jan. 11

25
Feb. 8

15

55

22
29

Mar. 7

14

N

Apr. 4
May 2

Biot, Jean Baptiste \

Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis /

Mackenzie, Sir George Steuart, Bt.

Leake, Major William Martin.

C.UT, Thomas William.

Rickman, John.

Brewster, David ; afterwards Kt.

Harrison, William.

Blackford, Barrington Pope.

Mackenzie, Charles.

Parker, Thomas Lister.

\Varrender, Sir George, Bt.

Phelps, John Delafield.

Fitton, William Henry, M.D.

Travers, Benjamin.

Ward, Hon. John William.

Petti ward, Roger.

Beaufoy, Henry.

Hawkins, Sir Christopher, Bt.

Turner, Samuel.

1816

Byron, George Gordon, Lord.

Gumming, Rev. James.

Broderip, Charles.

Douglas, Col. ; afterwards General Sir Howard.

Austria, Archduke John of ) /1? , , ,

A ustria, Archduke Louis of }(

Bland, Michael.

Leach, William Elford, M.D.

Norfolk, Bernard, Duke of.

Gray, Francis, Baron.

Colebrooke, Henry Thomas.

Fellowes, Sir James, Kt., M.D.

Pollock, Frederick.

Hook, Rev. James, LL.D.

Handheld, John, Lieut.-Col.

Pasley, Charles William, Lieut.-Col.

B;il>l);i<rc, Charles.

Batten, Rev. Joseph Hallet, D.I).

Beckett, John.

McGrigor, Sir James.

Hall, Basil, (apt, U.N.

Mark land, James Hey wood.

Gardiner. Rev. Samuel John.

Kingston, John.

Smith, Thomas.

Fit/herald, Rt. Hon. William Vesey.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER Ol 1 III 881

Vateof
Election

1816

May 23

30
June 20

27

July 4
Nov. 7
21

30

Jan. 9

23
Feb. 13
Mar. 6
13
20
27

Apr. 24
May 1

15

June 5

??

12

5?
5?

19
26

Nov. 20
Dec. 11

18

Jan. 8

5)

15
29

iaber, Rev. Henry Hervey.
rlosack, David, M.I).
Vforgan, Charles.
Frazer, Lieut.-Col. Sir August us.
Dal ton, Henry.
Stanhope, John Spem-rr.
Storer, John, M.D.
Thursby, Rev. George August u-.
Ellis, Hon. George Agar.
Chapman, Stephen Remnant, Lieut. -Col.
Mountnorris, George, Earl «>t.
Saxe-Coburg, Leopold, Prince of.

1817

Lambton, William, Lieut.-Col.

Hanmer, Edward.

Carpue, Joseph Constantine.

Petre, William Francis Henry, Lord.

Bromhead, Edward French.

Raffles, Thomas Stamford ; afterward* Kt.

Macmichael, William, M.D.

Selsey, Henry John, Lord ; afterwards Earl of Selkirk

Burroughs, Sir William, Bt.

Douglas, Hon. Frederic Silvester North.

Warre, John Ashley.

Melville, Robert, Viscount.

Mackie, Rev. John William.

Ebrington, Hugh, Viscount.

Baillie, John, Lieut.-Col.

Turnbull, Peter Evan.

Legh, Thomas.

Maddy, Rev. John, D.D.

Napier, Macvey.

Reeves, John.

Torrington, George, Viscount.

Johnson, James Rawlins.

Strutt, William.

Granville, Augustus Bozzi, M.D.

Somerville, William, M.D.

Ouseley, Sir Gore, Bt.

1818

Bute, John, Marquess of.

Hume, Joseph.

Gurney, Hudson.

Mayne, John Thomas.

Peacock, George.

Tavel, Rev. George Frederic.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

as entered in the

annual lists of

Lrn Members

Date of
Klcction

Feb.

5?

Mar. 5

12

Apr. '2
1)

•«

16
23
30

May 7
28

June 11
Nov. 5

Dec. l'o
17

.Ian. 14

IVb. 1

J>

11

1818 (continued}

Buckland, Rev. William, D.I).

Burrow, Rev. Edward John.

Dnirv, Rev. Henry.

Swinburne, Sir John Edward, Bt.

Croft, John ; afterwards Bt.

Kirby, Rev. William.

Malthus, Rev. Thomas Robert.

Prony, Baron Gaspard Clair Francois \

Marie Riche de

Bo wd itch Nathaniel I

f

, ....
or< * em

Arago, Francois Jean Pominique

Poisson, Simeon Denis

1 Hairy, Rene Just, Abbe

Badham, Charles, M.D.

Lloyd, Edward, Capt. R.N.

Tooke, William.

Bostock, John, M.D.

Prudhoe, Algernon Percy, Lord.

Murray, Lord James.

Sabine, Capt. Edward; afterwards K.C.B. (P.R.S. 1861).

Grenville, William Wyndham, Lord.

Beatty, William, M.D.

Chan trey, Francis, R.A. ; afterwards Kt.

Crawford, John.

Barretto, Joseph.

Carne, Joseph.

Heath, George Crauford.

Money, William Taylor.

Whitaker, Rev. Thomas Dunham.

Macclesfield, George, Earl of.

Watson, Frederick Beilby ; afterwards Kt.

Barn well, Rev. Frederick Henry.

Churchill, Francis, Lord.

Torrens, Major Robert.

1819

Twredic, Charles.

Austria, Maximilian, Archduke of (For. Mem.).

Barlow, Sir Robert, Kt. ; afterwards Admiral and K.C.B.

Brooke, Rev. John.

Currey, George Gilbert, M.D.

Goinpcrt/, Benjamin.

Phillips, Thomas, R.A.

Rainier, .John Sprat, Capt. R.N.

l-'o-ster, .John Leslie.

Morier, .lames.

Kllis, Henrv.

Hamilton. Uev. Robert, D.D.

CHRONOLOGICAL KKC.ISTKH <>1 FELLOWS

Date of
Election

Feb. 11
18

55

25
Mar. 11

18
Apr. 1

55

22

May 13
20

55

27
June 10

55

24

July 1
Nov. 11

55

18

55

25
Dec. 9

55

16
23

55

Jan. 13
20

Feb. 17
Mar. 2

55

16
Mar. 23

55

55

1819

Limn, Francis.

Chevalier, Thomu>.

Harvey, Charles.

Maxwell, Capt. Sir Murray, Kt.

Cassillis, Archibald, Earl of; afterwards M \ilsn.

Ormerod, George.

Abel, Clarke.

Greatorex, Thomas.

Prout, William, M.D.

Fisher, John, Bishop of Salisbury.

Rosebery, Archibald .John, Karl «>f.

Stockier, Francisco de Borja Garcao f |.<() ^

Bauza, Felipe j

Brooke, Henry James.

Marryat, Frederick, Capt. R.N.

Campbell, Rt. Hon. Lord John.

Butler, George, D.D.

Cooper, John Hutton, Lieut. -Col.

Clerk, Sir George, Bt.

Ker, Henry Bellenden.

Mackenzie, Colin, Lieut.-Col.

Magrath, George, M.D.

Ramsbottom, John.

Pearson, Rev. William.

Yeats, Grant David, M.D.

Hunt, Rev. George.

Walter, Rev. Henry.

Brookes, Joshua.

Hustler, Rev. James Devereux.

Le Marchant, Alfred.

Smith, Joseph.

Conybeare, Rev. William Daniel.

Collingwood, George Lewis Newnham.

Ives, Rev. Jeremiah.

De la Beche, Henry Thomas ; afterwards Kt.

Dollond, George.

1820

Fitz-Clarence, Lieut.-Col. George.
Farquhar, Robert Towsend.
Corrie, Rev. John.
Sewell, Sir John.
Card, Rev. Henry.
Kyd, Lieut.-Gen. Alexander.
Friend, Mathew Curling.
Higman, John Philips.
Ricketts, Charles Milner.
Sleath, Rev. John, D.D.

384

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

KIci'tlon

1820 (continued)

Mar. 23

Smisstiiv, Theodore de (For. Mem.).

Apr. 13

Colby, Thomas, Capt. R.E.

••

Tvlden, Lieut.-Col. Sir John Maxwell, Kt.

»

WheNvell, William.

20

»»

Ha^<ritt, llcv. Francis, D.D.
Phillipps, Thomas ; afterwards Bt.

^7

Hall, John.

«

Goulburn, Henry.

May 4

Nc-pean, Rt. Hon. Sir Evan, Bt.

M

Noehden, George Henry.

IS

Clarke, Loftus Longueyille.

?>

Franklin, William, M.D.

?5

Macculloch, John, M.D.

15

Napier, Henry E., Capt. R.N.

King George IV, Patron.

June 8

Fallows, Rev. Fearon.

j»

Lewis, Thomas Frankland.

Nov. 16

Althorp, John Charles, Viscount.

J5

Lefevre, John George Shaw.

J?

Thomson, John Deas.

Dec. 7

Watt, James.

14

Swuinson, William.

21

Cockburn, Sir George, K.C.B.

1821

Jan. 18

Stokes, Charles.

Feb. 1

Caniac, William.

»

Scdgwick, Rev. Adam.

8

Bauer, Francis.

»»

Gordon, Thomas.

»?
15

Macaulay, Zachary.
Parry, Capt. William Edward.

99

South, James ; afterwards Kt.

22

Baily, Francis.

»

Forster, Edward.

Mar. 1

.Jennings, Rev. Philip.

8

Bicknell, John Lauivns.

J5

Brandreth, Thomas Shaw.

••

Bright, Richard, M.I).

5»

Hallam, Henry.

n

Howard, Luke.

5»

St railways, Hon. William Thomas Homer Fox.

J»

Wilbraham, George.

15

Bridginsm, William.

22

Dibdin, Rev. Thomas Frognall.

••

Tookc, Thomas.

29

Andrew, James.

Apr. 5

Cartwri-rht, 1{(.V. Edmund, D.D.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 885

Date of
Election

Apr. 12

May 17
24

31
June 7

21
28

July 5
12

Nov. 15

Dec. 6
13
20

Feb. 7
21
28

»»

Mar. 7
14
21

28

Apr. 18

»»

25

May 23
June 6
13
27

SJ

Nov. 7

1821

Bland, Rev. Miles.

Oersted, Hans Christian i .

Schumacher, Heinrich Christian)

Monro, Charles.

Cotton, William.

Hawkins, Edward.

Turner, Charles Hampden.

Wilmot, Robert John.

Catton, Rev. Thomas.

Caley, John.

Clarke, William Stanley.

Russell, Jesse Watts.

Stodart, James.

Paris, John Ayrton, M.D.

Majendie, Ashhurst.

Knowles, John.

Franck, James, M.D.

Cohen, Francis.

Haughton, Graves Chamney.

Lubbock, Sir John William, Bt.

Soane, John, R.A. ; afterwards Kt.

Cooke, John, M.D.

Ure, Andrew, M.D.

Colebrooke, Sir James Edward, Bt.

Thomson, James.

1822

Vansittart, Rt. Hon. Nicholas ; afterwards Lord Bexley.

Forbes, William Nairn.

Batty, Capt. Robert.

Lawrence, Sir Thomas, P.R.A.

Dalton, John.

Phillips, Richard.

Butter, John, M.D.

Rennie, George.

Webb, Frederick.

Bankes, William John.

Davis, John Francis ; afterwards Bt.

Kidd, John, M.D.

Earle, Henry.

De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus (tor. Mem.).

Rennell, Rev. Thomas, B.D.

Lemon, Sir Charles.

Christian Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark.

Ross, Capt. Daniel.

Butler, Rev. Samuel, D.D.

Sawbridge, Henry Barne.

Dartmouth, William, Earl of.

c c

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

1822 (continued)

Nov. 7
14

21
Dec. 5

19

Jan. 9
Feb. 13
20

May 1
8
29

June 12

19

Nov. 20

»»

27
Dec. 11

Jan. 8
15
22

Feb. 5
19
26

51

Mar. 4

11
18
26

Apr. 1
8
29

Townley, George.
Edgeworth, Lovell.
Snodgrass, Thomas.
Tulk, Charles Augustus.
Codrington, Rear-Adm. Sir Edward.
Peel, Rt. Hon. Sir Robert.
Boughey, Sir John Fenton.
Mudge, Capt. Richard Zachary.
Daubeny, Charles Giles Bridle, M.D.

1823

Vivian, John Henry.

Baron, John, M.D.

Franklin, John, Capt. R.N. ; afterwards Kt.

Northumberland. Hugh, Duke of.

Clift, William.

Barlow, Peter.

Brooke, Arthur Brooke de Capell ; afterwards Bt.

Evans, Rev. Lewis.

Harford, John Scandret.

Solly, Samuel Reynolds.

Traherne, Rev. John Montgomery.

Rennie, John ; afterwards Kt.

Murray, Maj.-Gen. Sir George.

Bayley, John.

Cresswell, Rev. Daniell, D.D.

Storey, Anthony Mervin Reeve.

Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, baron ) /T? ,-.

Vauquelin, Louis Nicholas

1824

Faraday, Michael.

Scudamore, Charles, M.D.

Amyot, Thomas.

WaVell, William, M.D.

Maltby, Rev. Edward, D.D.

Jebb, John, Bishop of Limerick.

King, Phillip Parker, Capt. R.N.

Malcolm, Maj-Gen. Sir John ; afterwards G.C.B.

Orford, Horatio, Earl of.

Parish, Woodbine ; afterwards K.H.

Shuckburgh, Sir Francis.

Lushington, Edmund Henry.

Webb, Philip Barker.

Goodenough, Rev. Edmund, D.D.

John ; afterwards John Gage Rokewode.
Macintosh, Charles.
Vernon. Rev. William V.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS S87

Date of
Election

May 6
13

55

June 3

17
Nov. 18
Dec. 9
16

55

23

Jan. 20
27

Feb. 3
17
24

55

Mar. 3
10

Apr. 14
21

May 5

55

12
June 9

55
55
55

Nov. 24

Jan. 12

55
55
55

19
Feb. 2

55
55
55

9

16

1824 (continual)

Foster, Henry, Lieut. R.N.

Slavering, Douglas Charles, Capt. R.N.

Powell, Rev. Baden.

Smith, Maj. Charles Hamilton.

Thomson, John, M.I).

Scoresby, Rev. William.

Penn, Richard.

Thenard, baron Louis Jacques (For. Mem.).

Bell, John.

Wetherell, Sir Charles.

Beechey, Frederick William, Capt. R.N.

1825

Mangles, James, Capt. R.N.

Fisher, Rev. George.

Strangford, Percy Clinton Sidney, Viscount.

Harvey, Henry.

Green, Joseph Henry.

Richardson, John, M.D.

Tiarks, Dr. John Lewis.

D'Urban, Maj.-Gen. Sir Benjamin.

Southey, Henry Herbert, M.D.

Home, Everard, Capt. R.N.

Harvey, George.

Smirnove, John.

Taylor, John.

Morrison, Rev. Robert, D.D.

Clarke, Charles Mansfield.

Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm

Brongniart, Alexandre

Chaptal, Jean Antoine, comte de

Chanteloup.
Encke, Johann Franz
Fresnel, Augustin Jean
Mantell, Gideon Algernon.

1826

Canning, Rt. Hon. George.
Christie, Samuel Hunter.
Edmonstone, Neil Benjamin.
Hawkins, John.
Davy, Edmund.
Franklin, Capt. James.
Holman, James.

Lyell, Charles ; afterwards Kt. and Bt.
Ogle, James Adey, M.D.
Carleton, Hon. R'ev. Richard.
Taylor, George Watson.
c c 2

388

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Election

Feb.

23

55

••

55

Mar.

9

55

16

Apr.

6

13

55

20

May

4
11

25

June

1

8

55

15

55

Nov.

16

23

55

55

Dec,

7

21

Feb.

1

55

8

55

Mar.

1

8

55

55

55

15

M

55

55

22

29

Apr,

May

26
10

55

1826 (continued)

Donkin, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Rufane Shaw.
Nicoll, Rev. Alexander.
Vigors, Nicholas Aylward.
Wilks, Col. Mark.
Douglas, William Robert Keith.
Pearson, William.
Weaver, Thomas.
Mylne, William Chadwell.
Murchison, Roderick Impey ; afterwards Kt.
Copley, Sir John Singleton, Bt.
Sharpe, John.

Bourne, Rt. Hon. William Sturges.
Chaumette, Lewis Andrew de la.
Philip, Alexander Philip Wilson, M.D.
Jameson, Robert.
Nayler, Sir George.
Denham, Major Dixon.
Vyvyan, Sir Richard Rawlinson.
Brown, Nicholas.

Smyth, William Henry, Capt. R.N.
Bell, Charles ; afterwards Kt.
Bouvard, Alexis j

Chevreul, Michel Eugenes (For. Mem.).
Dulong, Pierre Louis J
Scrope, George Julius Poulett.

Joseph Francis Oscar, Crown Prince of Sweden and
Norway.

1827

Pettigrew, Thomas Joseph.

Melville, Alexander.

Moreau, Cesar.

Prichard, James Cowles, M.D.

Mayo, Rev. Charles.

Everest, Capt. George.

Ampere, Andre Marie

Erman, Paul

Morichini, Domenico Pini

Plana, Giovanni Antonio (For. Mem.).

Soemmering, Samuel Thomas von

Stromeyer, Friedrich

Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm,

Mahon, Philip Henry, Viscount; afterwards Earl

Stanhope.

Blackmail, James, M.D.
Clarence, II.It.H. William Henry, Duke of.
Bicheno, James Ebenezer.
Blanshard, Richard.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OK I I.LI.nWS 889

Date of
Election

1827 (contmtud)

May 24

99
31

June 14
Nov. 15

99

22

Jan. 10

99

99

17

Feb. 14
21
28

Mar. 6
13

99
99
99

20

27

Apr. 17

99

24

May 8
15

99

22

June 5

99
99

12
Nov. 20

Dec. 11

Pendarves, Edward William Wyii

Miller, Lieut.-Col. George.

Harwood, John, M.D.

Guthrie, George James.

Wavell, Maj.-Gen. Arthur Goodall.

Wynn, Rt. Hon. Charles Watkin William*.

Telford, Thomas.

Mackinnon, William Alexander.

Phillips, William.

Beamish, Maj. North Ludlow.

Lyon, George, Capt. R.N.

Hall, Thomas Henry.

1828

Betham, William.

Bell, Thomas.

Horsfield, Thomas, M.D.

Hamilton, Rev. Henry Parr.

Lindley, John.

Broderip, William John.

Baylay, Rev. William Frederick.

Lardner, Rev. Dionysius.

Williams, John.

Chambers, William Frederick, M.D.

Hutchison, Alexander Copland.

Goldsmid, Isaac Lyon.

Sutherland, Alexander Robert, M.I).

Babington, Benjamin Guy.

Grant, Rt. Hon. Charles.

Goderich, Frederick, Viscount.

Mayo, Herbert, M.D.

Walker, James.

Cumberland, H.R.H. Ernest Augustus, Duke of.

Ritchie, William.

Mitscherlich, Eilhard ) (For. Mem.).

Buch, Baron Leopold von {

Sussex, H.R.H. Augustus Frederick, Duke of (P.K.&.

1830).

Barnard, Edward.
Daniell, Edmund Robert.
Clifton, Marshall Waller.
Forshall, Rev. Josiah.
Thompson, Major Thomas Perronet.
Prinsep, James.
Borlase, George Simon.
Baird, Andrew, M.D.
Ross, James Clark, Commander R.N.

390

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Election

1829

Jan. 15

29
Feb. 5

»»

12

>j

19

26

Mar. 5
12

J5

19

»»
Apr. 9

May 28
June 4
?)

18

Nov. 26
Dec. 10

Jan. 14

28

Feb. 11

18
?j
j?
Mar. 4

11

»

18

25
Apr. 1

Lubbock, John William ; afterwards Bt.

Cole, William Willoughby, Viscount ; afterwards Earl

of Enniskillen.
Steuart, John Robert.
Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (For. Mem.).
Forbes, John, M.D.
Crombie, Rev. Alexander.
Coddington, Rev. Henry.
Evelyn, George.
Tennyson, Charles.
Edwards, W.F., M.D. ,
Maxwell, John.
Wollaston, Alexander Luard.
Phillips, Charles, Capt. R.N.
Hennell, Henry.
Wallich, Nathaniel, M.D.
Elliotson, John, M.D.
Hutchinson, Capt. George Henry.
Dunstanville, Francis, Baron de.
Pole, William.

Pollock, David ; afterwards Kt.
Maitland, Ebenezer Fuller.
Bosworth, Rev. Joseph.
Wortley, Hon. John Stuart.
Cooper, Bransby Blake.
Robinson, Isaac.
Cavendish, William.

1830

Colquhoun, James Nisbet, Capt. R.A.

Douglas, George.

Farquharson, Rev. James.

Broughton, Samuel Daniel.

Shaw, John.

Collier, Charles.

Moss, Joseph William.

Nicholl, Whitlock, M.D.

Blake, Capt. Benjamin.

Knowles, Francis Charles.

Turner, Edward, M.D.

Lloyd, John Augustus.

Stanley, Edward.

Meredith, William George.

Audubon, John James.

Knight, James Lewis ; afterwards Bruce, and Kt.

Lee, Robert, M.D.

Wall, Charles Baring.

Burns, John, M.D.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER <>l I I I LOWS 891

Date of
Election

1830

Apr. 1

22

May 6

99
27

June 10

99
Dec. 9

99
23

Jan. 13
20

Feb. 10
24

Mar. 3
10

99
17

Apr. 14
21
28

May 5
12

June 2

99

9

99

16
Dec. 8

99
99

Cubitt, William ; afterwards l\

Sheepshanks, Rev. Richard.

Willis, Rev. Robert.

Grover, Capt. John.

Straton, Maj.-Gen. Joseph.

Vetch, Capt. James.

Pusey, Philip.

Wyatville, Sir Jeffrey.

Woolmore, John.

Watson, Ralph.

Northampton, Spencer Joshua Alwyne Compton, Mar-

quess of (P.R.S. 1838).
Hawkins, John Heywood.
Greswell, Rev. Richard.
Guest, Josiah John ; afterwards Bt.
Brunei, Isambard Kingdom.
Gordon, Henry Percy.
Warren, Rev. John.
Smith, James (of Jordan Hill).

1831

Selkirk, Thomas James, Earl of.

Blake, William John.

Egerton, Sir Philip de Malpas Grey.

Carr, Robert James, D.D., Bishop of Chichester.

Wilson, Isaac, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Lee, John.

Walker, Rev. Robert.

King William IV, Patron.

Caldcleugh, Alexander.

Morris, John Carnac.

Talbot, Christopher Rice Mansel.

Talbot, William Henry Fox.

Turnbull, Rev. Thomas Smith.

Hodgson, Joseph.

Shee, Sir Martin Archer, Kt., P.R.A.

Henderson, James.

Beverly, Charles James.

Manby, Capt. George William.

Harris, William Snow.

Wilkins, William.

Coleman, Edward.

Roos, Hon. Frederick de.

Davies, Griffith.

Maclear, Thomas.

afterwards WiUian,, Ear. of Ro~

(P.R.S. 1848).

392

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

1831 (continued)

Dec. 8

Palmer, Henry Robinson.

-.">

Graham, Rt. Hon. Sir James R. G., Bt.

1832

Feb. 2

Morgan, Charles Octavius.

Lister, Joseph Jackson.

Gravatt, William.

5»

Ponsonbv, Hon. William Francis Spencer.

55

Pechell, Sir Samuel J. Brooke, Capt. R.N.

55

Madden, Frederick.

n

Gray, John Edward.

55

Barry, Alexander.

Apr. 5

Hall, Marshall, M.D.

Stephens, Archibald John.

Russell, Sir William, Bt.

55

Barry, Sir David, Kt.

Elliott, Charles Boileau.

June 9

Churchill, Lord Henry John Spencer.

55

Agar, Hon. George Charles.

55

Disney, John.

Clark, James.

M

Hope, James, M.D.

M

Glover, Venerable George.

5?

Sadler, Michael Thomas.

Stratford, William Samuel.

55

Forbes, James David.

55

Elphinstone, Howard.

55

Damoiseau, Marie Charles Theodore,

baron de

55
55

Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de 1
Carlini, Francesco f (*<*' Mem-)-

55
5?

Cauchy, Augustin Louis
Tiedemann, Friedrich

Dec. 6

Burton, Decimus.

95

Cooper, Charles Purton.

55

Sanford, Edward Ayshford.

1833

Feb. 7

Chandler, Rev. George, D.D.

55

Greig, Woron/ow.

5)

Nolan, Rev. Frederick.

Apr. 18

Botfield, Thomas.

M

Burnett, Sir William, Kt.

rierke, Maj. F. H. Shad well.

M

Dundas Robert Adam.

55

Saundcrs, Rev. Augustus Page.
Davios, Thomas Stephens.

May 2

Darnk-y, Edward, Earl of.

CHRONOLOGICAL UKC.ISTKR

1 KI lo\VS 9M

Date of
Election

1833 (continued)

June 6

June 20

Dec. 5

Jan. 9
Feb. 6

Apr. 10

June 5

Lihou, John, Capt. K.N.
Oesfontaines, Kim
Jacobi, Carl Gustav Jacob
Lindenau, Bernhard August von
Meckel, Job. Fred.
Pontecoulant, Philippe Guxtavr Douhvt

de

Buccleucb, Walter Francis, Duke of.
Dennian, Sir Thomas, Kt. ; afterward
Copland, James, M.D.
Pearson, Edwin.
Terry, Charles.

1834

Tyreonnel, John Delavel, Earl of.

Chesney, Francis Rawdon, Capt. R.A.

Copeland, Thomas.

Cust, Sir Edward, K.C.B.

Home, James.

Reeves, John Russell.

Sykes, Lieut.-Col. William Henry.

Waterhouse, John.

Adare, Edward Richard Windham, Viscount.

Ansell, Charles.

Booth, Felix.

Burnes, Lieut. Alexander.

Corbaux, Francis.

Folkes, Sir William Browne, Bt.

Freshfield, James William.

Gilbert, John Davies.

Griffith, Edward.

Halswell, Edmund.

Henry, William Charles, M.D.

Hudson, Robert.

Lloyd, Rev. William Forster.

Phillips, John.

Smee, Capt. Walter Nugent.

Spence, William.

Thornton, Henry Sykes.

Warburton, John, M.D.

Wilson, Horace Hayman.

Breadalbane, John, Marquess of.

Teignmouth, Charles John, Lord.

Elliot, Hon. George.

Hope, Rev. Frederick William.

Jekyll, Joseph.

Murphy, Rev. Robert.

Rose, Sir George, Kt.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

])<i;

Ehrt'ion

1834 (continued)

June .")

Twining, Richard.

55

Whatton, William Robert.

55

Witt, George, M.D.

Dec. 18

Barlow, Rev. John.

55

Bellamy, Rev. James William.

55

Brockedon, William.

M

Galloway, Thomas.

55

Hawkins, Bisset, M.D.

55

Hay, Andrew Leith.

55

Kiernan, Francis.

55

Lowe, George.

55

Owen, Richard; afterwards K.C.B.

M

Phillips, Benjamin.

55

Saumarez, Richard.

55

Tynte, Charles John Kemys.

55

Wilkinson, John Gardner ; afterwards Kt.

1835

Feb. 5

Betham, Albert William.

55

Edye, John.

55

Hamett, John, M.D.

55

Harris, John Greathed.

55

Tattam, Rev. Henry.

55

Tupper, Martin.

Apr. 2

Burnes, James, M.D.

55

Delafield, Joseph.

55
55

Featherstonhaugh, George William.
Gordon, James Alexander, M.D.

J5

Harvey, Col. Sir Robert John.

55

Leybourn, Thomas.

55

Moore, George.

55

Morgan, Arthur.

55

Oakes, Charles Henry.

55
55

Pelly, John Henry.
Taunton, Richard, M.D.

55

Tite, William ; afterwards Kt.

55

Warren, Samuel.

55

Wigrani, James.

55

Williams, Charles James Blasius, M.D.

June 4

Beaumont, Edward Blackett.

95

Borrcr, William.

55

Davidson, John.

55

Dobson, Sir Richard.

55

Jones, Thomas.

M

Mayo, Thomas, M.D.

>5

Oliveira, Benjamin.

55

Symonds, William, Capt. R.N.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGIS IKK OF FKLLOWB ••*">

Date of
Election

1835

Tune 4

Nov. 19
26

Jan. 21

55
5?
55
55

28

55
Feb. 4

11

55

18
Mar. 3

55

10
17
24

Apr. 28
May 5

55

June 16

Dec. 15

22

Jan. 19

55
55

Feb. 23
Mar. 16
Apr. 6

M. •„,.).

ieaumont, Elie de
uvier, Georges Leopold Chri-tian

Frederic Dagobert
ftourens, Marie Jean Pierre
ftansen, Peter Andreas
Elosenberger, Otto August
Hawkins, Rev. William Bentinck Lat 1
Alexander, Robert.
Elliott, Charles.
Molesworth, Sir William, Bt.

1836

Airy, George Biddell ; afterwards K.C.B. (P.R.S. 1871).

Budd, George.

Lloyd, Rev. Humphrey.

Taylor, Rev. William.

Wheatstone, Charles; afterwards .Kt.

Clark, William, M.D.

Marcet, Francis.

Drory, George William.

Grant, Robert Edmond, M.D.

Llewelyn, John Dillwyn.

Baillie, David.

Robertson, Archibald.

Crosse, John Green.

Minto, Gilbert, Earl of.

Field, Joshua.

Johnson, Edward John.

Burt, T. Seymour, Capt. R.E.

Beamish, Richard.

Chapman, John James, Capt. R.A.

Burton, Edward.

Cox, William Sands.

Lewis, Thomas Locke, Capt. R.E.

Montefiore, Moses Haim ; afterwards Kt. and Bt.

Graham, Thomas.

Wood, William Page; afterwards Kt., ant
Hatherley.

1837

Cabbell, Benjamin Bond.
Holland, Charles, M.D.
Rastrick, John Urpeth.
Solly, Samuel.
Partridge, Richard.
Burnet, John.
Hunter, Robert.
Royle, John Forbes, M.D.

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Daic of
Elect inn

1837 (continued)

Apr. 6
13
20

May 11

?»
25

M

JlUK" 1

15

Jan. 18

55
5?
»J

25

Feb. 8

Mar. T
15

w

29

Apr. .">

May 3

»5

N
H

M .
(

Wellsted, James Raymond.

White, William Archibald Armstrong.

Skey, Frederic Carpenter.

Becquerel, Antoine Cesar

Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried

Krusenstern, Adam Johann vo

Mirbel, (\ 1\ Brisseau

Koase, Henry Samuel, M.I).

Clarke, William Tierney.

Walton, Rev. William.

Westmacott, Richard. ,

Ayrton, William.

Carson, James, M.D.

Hopkins, William.

Smith, Capt. John T.

Bigsby, Robert.

Frere, George Edward.

Portlock, Joseph Ellison, Capt. R.E.

Johnston, James Finlay Weir.

1838

Don kin, Bryan.

Hansler, Sir John Jacob.

Johnson, Rev. George Henry Sacheverell.

Porter, George Richardson.

Arnott, Neil, M.D.

Cureton, Rev. William.

Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock, P.R.A.

Bateman, James.

Glynn, Joseph.

Miller, William Hallowes.

Reade, Rev. Joseph Bancroft.

Todd, Robert Bentley, M.D.

Tweedie, Alexander, M.D.

Denison, William Thomas ; afterwards Kt., and K.C.B.

Locke, Joseph.

Wilson, Alexander.

Jcrvis, Capt. Thomas Best.

Twiss, Travers ; afterwards Kt.

McGillivray, Simon.

I lard wick, John.

.Maciicil], John.

Tuson, Edward William.

Hurnet, Thomas, D.I).

('arnac, Sir James Rivett, Bt.

Merewether, John, D.I).

Otitram, Benjamin Fonseea, M.I).

IVrcira. Jonathan, M.D.

CHRONOLOGICAL HKCilSTER <>l I I I I o\VS 807

Date of
Election

1838

May 3
24
31
une 20
Nov. 22
Dec. 6
20

Jan. 10

17

55

24

31

Feb. 7

55

14

21

5)

28

Mar. 7

55

14
21

Apr. 11
18

May

55

25

55

30

J5
55
55
55
55

55

June 6
2

Stirling, Edward Hamilton.

?uscany, Leopold II. (irand Duke of.

lymers, Rev. John.

jueeu Victoria, Patron.

iriggs, Col. John.
Kelland, Rev. Philip.

Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe u /

Martius, Carl Friedrich Philip P. von ) (

1839

Prodsham, William James.
bLilton, John.
Botfield, Beriah.
Hardy, Peter.
Darwin, Charles Robert.
Williams, John Wesley.
Yates, James.
Heywood, James.
Moseley, Rev. Henry.
Carrington, Robert John, Lord.
Conolly, Capt. Arthur.

Reid, William, Lieut.-Col. R.E. ; afterwards K.C.B.
Denham, Henry Mangles.
Drew, Richard.
Godwin, George.
Gulliver, George.
Swanston, Clement Tudway.
Fletcher, Thomas William.
Gaskin, Rev. Thomas.
Ormsby, H. Alexander.
Graves, John Thomas.
Maitland, Rev. Samuel Roft'ey.

Rigg, Robert.

Sylvester, James Joseph.

Farre, Arthur, M.D.

Sharpey, William, M.D.

Turnor, Rev. Charles.

Hansteen, Christopher

Melloni, Macedonio I (por Mem.).

Quetelet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques [

Savart, Felix

Davenport, Edward Davies.

Halliwell, James Orchard; afterwards Halhwell
Phillipps.

Mackmurdo, Gilbert Wakefield.

Thorp, Charles, D.D.

Barker, George.

Acland, Sir Thomas Dyke, Bt.

398

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Kh'ction

June 20

. :>
12

19

Jan. 9
23
30

Feb. 6

??
13

»

20
27

Mar. 5
Apr. 2

30

May 7

j»
21

55

June 4

June 18

Nov. 19
26

Jan. 7
14

1839 (continued)

Guest, Edwin.

Hogg, John.

Rogers, John.

lloupell, George Leith, M.D.

Drummond, Henry.

1840

Whatman, James.

Smith, John Pye, D.D.

Annesley, James.

Parkinson, John.

Pritchard, Rev. Charles.

Barry, Martin, M.D.

Phillimore, Joseph.

Caldecott, John.

Kenwood, William Jory.

Boileau, John Theophilus.

Richmond, Charles, Duke of.

Jeffreys, John Gwyn.

Gassiot, John Peter.

Henderson, Thomas.

Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, H.R.H. Prince Albert of (the

Prince Consort).

Lyttelton, George William, Lord.
Jones, Thomas Wharton.
Malcolmson, John Grant, M.D.
Auldjo, John.
Sharp, William, M.D.
Burge, William.
Ewer, Walter.
Grant, Thomas Tassell.
Lawson, Henry.
Cook, Thomas.
Hutton, William.

Stanley, Edward, Bishop of Norwich.
Liebig, Justus J

M idler, Johann [• (For. Mem.).

Sturm, Jacques Charles Francois)
Bonner, Lieut.-Col. John George.
Narrien, John.

Dumas, Jean Baptiste Andre (For. Mem.).
Kuter, Edward.
Archibald, Charles Dickson.
Grove, William Robert; afterwards Kt.

1841

Jeffreys, Julius.

Enderby, Charles.
Melvill, James Cosmo.

CHRONOLOGICAL RK(,IMI i; 1 i I I Io\VS 809

Date of
Election

1841

Jan. 21

55
55

Feb. 4
11

55
18

55
25

Mar. 4

55

18
Apr. 22
29

55

55

May 6

13

55

20

55
55

55
55

27
June l'o

55

17

Nov. 18

55

25
Dec. 16

Jan. 6
13

Blakistone, Peyton, M . 1 ).
Srandreth, Henry Rowland, C.ipt. R 1
Sdye, Joseph.
Atcherley, David Fr.-mrk
Vivian, Rt. Hon. Sir Richard Hu-sc\.
Dart wright, Samuel.
Dlendinning, John, M.I).
Hodgkinson, Eaton.
Jenkins, Sir Richard, G.C.B.
Melbourne, William, Viscount.
Tierney, Rev. Mark Aloysitiv
Sievier, Robert William.
Kerrison, Robert Masters, M.I).
Lewis, Rt. Hon. Thomas l-Vankbind.
Bowman, William ; aftcnvanU Bt.
Monteagle, Thomas, Lord.
De Grey, Thomas Philip, Earl.
Wrottesley, John, Lord (P.R.S. 1854).
Woodward, Charles.
Byng, Rt. Hon. George Stevens; afterward* Earl of

Strafford.
Listen, Robert.
Spry, Henry Harpur.
Davis, Hart.

Denham, Rev. Joshua Frederick.
Hoppus, Rev. John.
Knight, Henry Gaily.
Wood, Lieut-Col. Thomas.
Carnarvon, Henry John George, Earl of.
Cursetjee, Ardaseer.

Westminster, Robert Grosvenor, Marquess ot.
Baring, Sir Thomas, Bt.
Blore, Edward.
Seaward, Samuel.
Smee, Alfred.
Crewe, Hungerford, Lord.
Alderson, James, M.D. ; afterward- Kt.
Seymour, Edward James, M.D.
Allen, William, Capt. R.N.
Smith, Sir John Mark Frederick, Lieut. -( OL
Lovelace, William, Earl of.
Bennett, John Joseph.

1842

Newbold, Thomas John.
Baily, Edward Hodges, R.A.
Donkin, William Fishhurn.

400

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Elect 'ion

1842 (continued)

Jan. 13
20

Feb. 10

17

Mar. o

»
10

Apr. 14
May 5

26
Nov. 17

Dec. 15
22

Jan. 19

Feb. 2

23

Mar. 9
16

30
Apr. 6

May 11

«
18

n

June J

Dec. 7

Kiddell, Charles James Buchanan.

Frederick William IV, King of Prussia.

Pratt, Samuel Peace.

Taylor, Thomas Glanville.

Broughton, Robert Edwards.

Morison, Maj.-Gen. William.

Stanley, Owen, Capt. II. N.

Johnson, Cuthbert William.

Toynbee, Joseph.

Christmas, Rev. Henry ; afterwards Noel-Fearn.

Fielding, George Hunsley, M.D.

Jesse, John.

Link, Henry Frederic \

Ohm, Geor«; Simon

Poncelet, J?an Victor (For- Mem'>

Rose, Heinrich J

Chapman, Thomas.

Bowerbank, James Scott.

Towneley, Charles.

Norfolk, Henry Howard, Duke of.

Creuze, Augustin F. B.

Widdrington, Samuel Edward, Capt. R.N.

1843

Gould, John.

Heywood, Sir Benjamin, Bt.

Solly, Edward.

Heath, John Benjamin.

MacCullagh, James.

Rees, George Owen, M.D.

Rendel, James Meadows.

Miers, John.

O'Shaiiohnessy, William Brooke, M.D. ; afterwards

O'Shaughnessy Brooke, and Kt.
Miller, Joseph.
Blake, Henry Wollaston.
Hey gate, James, M.I).
Basevi, George.
Le Couteur, Col. John.
Ttilloch, James.
Arnott, James Moncrieff.
Hoskins, Samuel Elliott, M.D.
Boilean. Sir John Peter, Bt.
Wright, R(.v. John.
I .a ing, Kev. David.

Cro/ier, IVancis Rawdon ]\[oira, Capt. H.N7.
Hood, Charles.

CHRONOLOGICAL RKGISTKK ()l 111!

Date of
Election

1844

Jan. 11
Feb. 1

Feb. 29

Mar. 7

21
Apr. 18

May 9

16
June 6

13
Dec. 12

Jan. 9
Feb. 6

V

13

20

Mar. 6
Apr. 3

j>
10

May 8
22

June 5

19
Nov. 20

Dec. 18

Ansted, David Thou

Bury, Edward.

Stanford, John Frederick.

Ronalds, Francis ; afterwards K t .

Carpenter, Will i;u u Benjamin, .M.I).

Kerigan, Thomas.

Hyett, William Henry.

Quain, Richard.

Crum, Walter.

Webster, John, M.D.

Jones, Thomas Rymer.

Hargreave, Charles James.

Haddington, Thomas, Earl of.

Bishop, John.

Larcom, Thomas Aiskew, Capt. R.E.

Billing, Archibald, M.D.

Saxony, Frederick Augustus II, King of.

Barrow, John.

1845

Simon, John ; afterwards K.C.B.

Miller, William Allen, M.D.

Wilson, Rev. John, D.D.

Monteith, Maj.-Gen. William.

Forbes, Edward.

Fownes, George.

Martin, James Ranald ; afterwards Kt.

Washington, John, Capt. R.N.

Falconer, Hugh, M.D.

Wilson, William James Erasmus ; afterwards Kt.

Dickinson, John.

Jackson, Col. Julius.

Stebbing, Rev. Henry, D.D.

Tupper, Martin Farquhar.

Harrison, Thomas Charles.

Rennie, James.

Bandon, James, Earl of.

Adair, Robert Alexander Shafto; afterwards Lord

Waveney.
Johnston, Alexander Robert ; afterwards Campbt

Johnston.
Sopwith, Thomas.

Thesiger, Sir Frederick ; afterwards Lord Chelmsfc
Barlow, Peter William.
Taylor, Alfred Swaine.
Wilberforce, Samuel, Bishop of Oxford.
Lankester, Edwin, M.D.

Dd

402

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

Jan. 15

55

Feb. 5
19

Mar. 26
Apr. 2
23

55

55
55

30

May 7
June 11
18

Jan. 7
21

Feb. 4
18
25

Mar. 4
18

Apr. 15

22

1846

Neilson, James B.

Bird, Golding, M.D.

Booth, Rev. James, LL.D.

Grainger, Richard Dugard.

Thompson, Theophilus, M.D.

Addison, William.

Buist, George.

Cooper, Samuel.

Matheson, James.

West, William.

Wilson, John, M.D.

Kay, Joseph Henry, Lieut. R.N.

Moore, John Arthur.

Newport, George.

Cautley, Lieut.-Col. Proby Thomas ; afterwards K.C.B.

Henry, Thomas Hetherington.

Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August)

Kupffer, Adolph Theodor j- (For. Mem.).

De la Rive, Auguste Arthur. j

Johnson, Percival Norton.

Jones, Henry Bence, M.D.

Armstrong, William George ; afterwards Lord.

Goodsir, John.

Gilbart, James William.

Liddell, John, M.D.

Sutherland, Alexander John, M.D.

1847

Back, Sir George ; afterwards Admiral.

Acland, Henry Wentworth Dyke, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.

Le Verrier, Urbain Jean Joseph (For. Mem.).

Rudge, Edward John.

Hardwicke, Charles Philip, Earl of.

Brooke, Charles.

Christie, James Robert.

Webster, Thomas.

Baly, William, M.D.

Ellis, Thomas Flower.

Maitland, John Gorham.

Plowden, William Henry Chicheley.

.Alexander, Henry.

Burrows, George.

Dwarris, Sir Fortunatus William Lilley.

Hall, William Hutcheson.

Hooker, Joseph Dalton ; afterwards G.C.S.I., 6.M.

(P.R.S. 1873).
Percy, John, M.D.
Simpkinson, Sir John A. Francis.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER Ol I

Date of
Election

Apr. 22

May 6

Tune 3

Nov. 25

Mar. 30
June 9

55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55

Dec. 14

Feb. 22
June 7

JJ

21
Nov. 22

June 6

1847

/

Hountcashel, Stephen, Earl

lussell, Lord John.
Morpeth, George, Viscount.
Wellington, Arthur Wellesk-y, Duk.

1848

litter. Carl \ /i?«. \iAm \

Milne-Edwards, Henri I1
Jishop, George.
Challis, Rev. James.
Clerk, Henry, Capt. R.A.
i?ergusson, William.
Fox, Robert Were.
James, Capt. Henry.
Latham, Robert Gordon.
Lefroy, John Henry, Capt. R.A.
MacWilliam, James Ormiston, M.D.
Oldham, Thonias.

Playfair, Lyon ; afterwards Lord Playt.ur.
Porrett, Robert.
Stenhouse, John.
Thomson, Allen.
Sumner, John Bird, Archbishop of Canterbury.

1849

Baring, Sir Francis Thornhill, St.; afterward^

Northbrook.
Adams, John Couch.

Andrews, Thomas.
Austen,RobertAlfredCloyne;afterwardsGodwm-Au8ten

Barry, Charles, R.A. ; afterwards Kt.

Brodie, Benjamin Collins; afterwards Bt

Dalrymple, John.

Glaisher, James.

Kane, Sir Robert John.

Lassell, William.

Leeson, Henry Beaumont.

Ramsay, Andrew Crombie

Russell, John Scott.

Sibson, Francis.

Stephenson. Robert.

Yorke, Lieut.-Col. Philip.

Lee, James P., Bishop of Manchester.

Macaulay, Thomas Babington ; afterwards Lord.

1850

Barlow, William Henry.
Busk, George.
Curling, Thomas Bhzard.
Dd2

afterwards Kt.

101

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Election

1850 (continued)

June (5

Nov.

"
»
ft

«
»»
>»
)5

13

j»
»

June 5

June 19

June 3

^ ,

. Mem.).

Day, George Edward.

De la Rue, Warren.

Fairbairn, William ; afterwards Bt.

Graves, Robert James.

Ibbetson, Capt. Levett Landon Boscawen.

Jones, Charles Hand field.

Joule, James Prescott.

Miller, John Fletcher.

Rawlinson, Major Henry Creswicke ; afterwards Bt.

Schunck, Edward.

Sharpe, Daniel.

Tomes, John ; afterwards Kt.

Londesborough, Albert, Lord.

Dove, Heinrich Wilhelm

Liouville, Joseph
T» i * T i- T<
Purkyng, Johann E.

Weber, Wilhelm Eduard

1851

Babington, Charles Cardale.

Beck, Thomas Snow.

Bunbury, Charles James Fox ; afterwards Bt.

Doo, George T.

Eastwick, Edward Backhouse.

Elliot, Capt. Charles.

Fitz Roy, Capt. Robert ; afterwards Vice- Admiral.

Hind, John Russell.

Hofmann, Augustus William.

Huxley, Thomas Henry (P.R.S. 1883).

Logan, William Edmond ; afterwards Kt.

Paget, James ; afterwards Bt.

Stokes, George Gabriel ; afterwards Bt. (P.R.S. 1885).

Thomson, William ; afterwards Lord Kelvin (P.R.S.

1890).

Waller, Augustus Volney.
Argyll, George Douglas Campbell, Duke of.

1852

Barclay, Arthur Kett.
Cape, Rev. Jonathan.
Cayley, Arthur.
Gray, Henry.
Harding, Wyndham.
Henfrey, Arthur.
Higginbottom, John.
Mercer, John.
Pattinson, Hugh Lee.
Price, Rev. Bartholomew.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 4O5

Date of

Klcrtion

June 3

Nov. 25

Jan. 13
Mar. 17
June 2

Nov. 24

Apr. 27
June 1

1852

Mem.).

Simms, William.
Strickland, Hugh Edwin.

L'yndall, John.

Ward, Nathaniel Bagshaw.
Younghusband, Charles Wright, Capt. \( \.

iirongniart, Adolphe TheVxlore^

Lamont, Johann

Peirce, Benjamin
Regnault, Victor

1853

Granville, George, Earl.

Palmerston, Henry John, Viscount.

Apjohn, James, M.D.

Appold, John George.

Broun, John Allan.

Claudet, Antoine Jean Fran.

Cooper, Edward Joshua.

Frankland, Edward ; afterwards K.C.B.

Gladstone, John Hall.

Inglefield, Capt. Edward ; afterwards Kt.

Jukes, Joseph Beete.

MacAndrew, Robert.

Manby, Charles.

Prestwich, Joseph ; afterwards Kt.

Rankine, William John Macquorn.

Saunders, William Wilson.

Spottiswoode, William (P.R.S. 1878).

Strzelecki, Paul Edmund de; afterwards K.C.M.<-.

Harrowby, Dudley, Earl of.

1854

Ashburton, William Bingham Baring, Lord.

Allman, George James.

Brayley, Edward William.

Bryson, Alexander.

Clarke, Jacob Lockhart.

Dickinson, Joseph, M.D.

Gunn, Ronald Campbell.

Hunt, Robert.

Lawes, John Bennet ; afterwards

Mallet, Robert.

May, Charles.

Moore, Thomas E. L., Capt. R. V

Strachey, Capt. Richard; afterwards G.C.S.I.

Thomson, Robert Dundas, M.D.

Whitbread, Samuel Chai K-.

406

KKC01U) OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

1854 (continued}

JllIK' 1

15

Feb. 15
22

June 7

55

55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55

14

June 5

Nov.

Williamson, William Crawford.
Baer, Carl Ernst von]
Chasles, Michel [ (For. Mem.).

Wohler, Friedrich J

1855

llatherton, Edward John Littleton, Lord.

Ducie, Henry John Reynolds Moreton, Earl of.

Council, Arthur.

Furr, William, M.D.

Fischer, William Lewis Ferdinand.

Fletcher, Isaac.

Hamilton, William John.

Hawkshaw, John ; afterwards Kt.

Hippisley, John.

Luke, James.

Osier, Abraham Follett.

Thomson, Thomas, M.D.

Vignoles, Charles Blacker.

Walker, Charles Vincent.

Wight, Robert, M.D.

Williamson, Alexander William.

Wilson, George Fergusson.

Dirichlet, Gustav Lejeune\

PI ticker, Julius

Rathke, Heinrich [ ^or« Mem')-

Riimker, Carl J

1856

Balfour, John Hutton, M.D.

Binney, Edward William.

Bo wring, Sir John.

Burgoyne, Sir John Fox, Bt.

Gosse, Philip Henry.

I larkness, Robert.

I lawkins, Caesar Henry.

Johnson, Manuel John.

Moore. .John Carrick.

Noad, Henry Minchin.

Potter, Edmund.

Robinson, Rev. Thomas Romney, D.D.

Salt IT, Henry Hyde.

Sin i th, Archibald.

Spratt, Thomas Abel Brimage, Capt. R.N.

H.'iidinger, Carl )

"vrrhi, Antonio / <For- Mem->-

CHRONOLOGICAL RF.(,ISTF.H OF FELLOWS 407

Date of
Election

June 11

Feb. 18
June 3

55

55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55

17

Nov. 25

55

Dec. 16

Jan. 27

June 2
9

55
55
55
55

1857

Scale, Lionel Smith.

Boole, George.

Buckton, George Bowdlir.

Davidson, Thomas.

jrrote, George.

Hill, Rowland ; afterwards K.C.B.

Kirkman, Rev. Thomas 1'. -n\ n^ton.

Marcet, William, M.D.

Marshall, John, F.H.C.S.

Smith, Andrew, M.I).

Smith, Robert Angus.

Smyth, Charles Pia/xi.

Sorby, Henry Clifton.

Welsh, John.

Whit worth, Joseph ; afterwards Bt.

1858

Talbot de Malahide, James, Lord.

Balfour, Thomas Graham, M.I).

Boxer, Edward Mounier, Capt. R.A

Currey, Frederick.

Forbes, David.

Garrod, Alfred Baring, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Harvey, William Henry, M.D.

Haughton, Rev. Samuel.

Hennessy, Henry.

Livingstone, David, LL.D.

Lubbock, John ; afterwards Bt., and Lord Aveburv.

Rogers, Henry Darwin.

Savory, William Scovell ; afterwards Bt.

Smyth, Warington Wilkinson ; afterwards Kt.

Waugh, Lieut.-Col. Andrew Scott.

Williams, Thomas, M.D.

Pakington, Sir John, Bt. ; afterwards Lord Hampde

Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm )

Poinsot, Louis (For. Mem.).

Siebold, Carl Theodor vonj

Bickersteth, Robert, Bishop of Ripon.

1859

Tait, Archibald Campbell; afterwards Archbishop <

Canterbury.

Schomburgk, Sir Robert Hermann.
Beckles, Samuel Husbands.
Calvert, Frederick Grace.
Carter, Henry John
Galton, Douglas; afterwards K.C.B.
Herapath, William Bird, M.D.

408

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

ELrtion

Juiu-

Mar. 22
May 24

June 7

21

J5

.him- ()'

1859 (continued)

Humphry, George Murray ; afterwards Kt.

Hunt, Thomas Sterry.

Macdonald, John Denis ; afterwards K.C.B.

Odling, William.

Patterson, Robert.

Penn, John.

Watson. Thomas, M.D.

\Yoodcroft, Bennett.

Yolland, William, Lieut-Col. R.E.

Stanley, Henry Edward, Lord ; afterwards Earl of

Derby.

1860

Ryan, Rt. Hon. Sir Edward.
Belper, Edward, Lord.
De Grey and Ripon, George Frederick Samuel

Robinson, Earl ; afterwards Marquess of Ripon.
Bache, Alexander Dallas
Helmholtz, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand

von
Kolliker, Albert von

- (For. Mem.).

Verneuil, Philippe Edouard Poulletier

de

Abel, Frederick Augustus ; afterwards Bt.
Baring, Thomas.
Bateman, John Frederic.
Brown-Sequard, Edward, M.D.
Carrington, Richard Christopher.
Galton, Francis ; afterwards Kt.
Gilbert, Joseph Henry ; afterwards Kt.
Jardine, Sir William, Bt.
Key, Thomas Hewitt.
Lister, Joseph; afterwards Lord Lister, and O.M.

(P.R.S. 1895).
Main, Rev. Robert.
Mylne, Robert William.

Palmer, Roundell ; afterwards Earl of Selborne.
Quekett, John Thomas.
Smith, Edward, M.D.
Sheffield, George, Earl of.
Walpole, Rt. Hon. Spencer Horatio.
KHe. Rt. Hon. Sir William.
Kllesmere, George Granville Francis Egerton, Earl of.

1861

Bate, Charles Spence.
De-bus, Heinrich.
DC Moi-traii, Campbell Greig.
Hirst. Thomas Archer.

CHRONOLOGICAL HKC.ISTKK OF 1 II LOWS 409

Date of
Election

June 6

June 5

1861 (

19

Nov. 20

Feb.

19

Apr. 16
30
June 4

Matthiessen, August u-.

Maxwell, .I.-uiics Clerk.

Mueller, Ferdinand; afterwards Bar< >

Newmarch, William.

Parkes, Edmund Alexander. \1.1 >

Pole, William.

Sclater, Philip Lutli'%.

Shadwell, Sir Charlefl F. A., Capt. ; afterward* Adm.

Smith, Henry John Stephen.

Stokes, William, M.D.

Stoney, George Johns! out -.

1862

Bentham, George.

Bristow, Henry William.

Clarke, Alexander Ross, Capt. R.I-:.

Dawson, John William ; afterwards Kt.

Evans, Frederick John Owen ; afterwards K.C.B.

Hicks, John Braxton, M.D.

Hook, Rev. Walter Farquhar, D.D.

Rolleston, George.

Siemens, Charles William ; afterwards K t

Simpson, Maxwell.

Stewart, Balfour.

Teale, Thomas Pridgin.

Tennant, Sir James Emerson ; afterwards Bt.

Todhunter, Isaac.

Williams, Charles Greville Hanson.

Despretz, Cesar M.

Neumann, Franz Ernst [ (For. Mem.).

Weber, Ernst Heinrich )

Caithness, James Sinclair, Earl of.

1863

Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, Patron, 1901.

Bouverie, Rt. Hon. Edward Pleydell.

Thomson, William, D.D., Archbishop of ^ 01

Head, Sir Edmund Walker, Bt.

Magnus, Heinrich Gustav (For. Mem.).

Cooke, Edward William.

Crookes, William ; afterwards Kt. ami

Eardley-Wilmot, Frederick Murow, Col. H. A

Fergusson, James.

Field, Frederick.

Harley, Rev. Robert.

Hind/ John Russell.

Merrifield, Charles Watkins.

Oliver, Daniel

410

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Election

1863 (continued]

.him- I

18
June 2

Feb. 9

Mar. 16
23

Apr. 27
June 1

Paw, Frederick William, M.D.

Pengelly, William.

Roscoe. 1 lenry Enfield ; afterwards Kt.

Salmon, Rev. George, D.D.

Salter, Samuel James Augustus.

Stanley, Rev. Arthur Penrhyn, D.D.

Kummer, Ernst Eduard ) ,^ ^ ,

Steenstrup, Johannes Japetus Smith] v-

1864

Barkly, Sir Henry, K.C.B.

Brinton, William, M.D.'

Cobbold, Thomas Spencer, M.D.

Ellis, Alexander John.

Evans, John ; afterwards K.C.B.

Flower, William Henry ; afterwards K.C.B.

Grubb, Thomas.

Hay, Sir John Charles Dalrymple, Bt. ; afterwards

Admiral and G.C.B.

Jenner, William, M.D. ; afterwards Bt. and G.C.B.
Locock, Sir Charles, Bt., M.D.
Sanders, William.
S my the, William James, Col. R.A.
Strange, Lieut-Col. Alexander.
Warington, Robert.
Wood, Nicholas.
Bernard, Claude \

Foucault, Jean Bernard Leon I (For. Mem.).
Wurt/, Adolph Charles j

1865

Dufterin and Claneboye, Frederick Temple Blackwood,
Lord ; afterwards Marq. of Dufferin and Ava.

Turner, Sir George James, Lord Justice.

Donoughmore, Richard John Hely Hutchinson, Earl of.

Orleans, Louis Philippe cT, comte de Paris.

Cockle, Hon. James ; afterwards Kt.

Dawes, Rev. William Rutter.

Geikie, Archibald ; afterwards K.C.B. (P.R.S. 1908).

Gore, George.

Grant, Robert.

dray, George Robert.

Harley, George, M.D.

Jen kin, Henry Charles Fleeming.

Huinrins, William; afterwards K.C.B. and O.M.
(P.R.S. 1900).

McClintock, Sir Francis Leopold.

McDonnell, Robert, M.D.

CHRONOLOGICAL KIX.ISTKK OF FELLOWS ill

Date of
Election

1865

June 1

Nov. 23

June 7

J4

May 9
June 6

Dec. 19

Mar. 26

Parker, William
Tennyson, Alfrn 1 ; iftei in > >on.

Thwaites, Greorae Uiin\ KrixlHrk.
Walker, Jam«i Thorn = . I. rat-Col, l;
Villiers, Rt. Hon. Charles IVlham.

1866

Bucknill, John Charles M.I).

Farrar, Rev. Frederick William.

Guy, William Augustus.

Hector, James, M.I). ; afterwards K.C.M.G.

Kaye, John William.

Miiller, Hugo.

Murchison, Charles, M.I).

Perkin, William Henry ; afterwards Kt.

Pratt, Rev. John Henry.

Richards, George Henry, Capt. K.N. ; afterwards K.C.B.

Richardson, Thomas.

Russell, William Henry Leighton.

Selwyn, Rev. William, D.D.

Townsend, Rev. Richard.

Watts, Henry.

Donders, Franz Cornelius

Riemann, Georg Friedrich Bernhard \ (For. Mem.).

Rose, Gustav

1867

Bovill, Sir William, Lord Chief Justice.

Baird, William, M.D.

Dawkins, William Boyd.

Duppa, Baldwin Francis.

Glmther, Albert Charles Lewis Gotthilf, M.I).

Haast, Julius ; afterwards K.C.M.G.

Haig, Robert Wolseley, Capt. R.A.

Hanbury, Daniel.

Hulke, John Whitaker.

Hull, Edward.

Lowe, Edward Joseph.

Napier, James Robert.

Richardson, Benjamin Ward, M.I). ; afterwards Kt.

Sanderson, John Scott Burdon, M.D. ; afterwards B

Stainton, Henry Tibbats.

Tomlinson, Charles.

Rosse, Laurence Parsons, Earl of.

1868

Bischoff, Theodor Ludwig Wilht-lm i (,,or Mcm )
Clausius, Rudolph Julius Emmanuel j

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Election

1868 (continued)

. 26

5»
June 4

Dec. 10

Jan. 28
Apr. 29

55

June 3

55

99

5*
55
5'
«5
55
55
51

Dee. Ifi
June .'3

55
55
55

Mold, Hugo von i (For

Schwabe, Samuel Heinrich / v

Ball, John.

Bastian, Henry Charlton, M.D.

Cameron, John, Lieut.- Col. R.E.

Clifton, Robert Bellamy.

(Yot'ton, Morgan William.

Davis, Joseph Barnard, M.D.

Duncan, Peter Martin.

Griess, John Peter.

Harcourt, Augustus George Vernon.

Key, Jiear-Adm. Astley Cooper; afterwards G.C.B.

Ommanney, Rear-Adm. Erasmus; afterwards K.C.B.

Pettigrew, James Bell, M.D.

Stone, Edward James.

Tristram, Rev. Henry Baker.

Vaux, William Sandys Wright.

Houghton, Richard Monckton Milnes, Lord.

1869

Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoigne Cecil, Mar-
quess of.

De Candolle, Alphonse j
Delaunay, Charles Eugene i- (For. Mem.).
Pasteur, Louis
Baker, Sir Samuel White.
Bigsby, John Jeremiah, M.D.
Chambers, Charles.
Esson, William.
Foster, George Carey.

Gull, William Withey, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.
Lockyer, Joseph Norman ; afterwards K.C.B.
McClean, John Robinson.
Mivart, St. George Jackson.
Reynolds, John Russell, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.
Robinson, Vice-Adm. Sir Robert Spencer, K.C.B.
Tennant, James Francis, Maj. R.E.
Thomson, Wyville ; afterwards Kt.
Thuillier, Henry E. Landor, Col. R.A. ; afterwards Kt.
Walker, Edward.
Napier of Magdala, Robert Cornelis, Lord.

1870

Froude, William.

(ireenhow, Fdwai'd Headlam, M.D.

J.'igo, .lames. M.D.

Maskelyne. Nevil Story.

Masters, Maxwell Tylden, M.D.

CHRONOLOGICAL KKCilSTl H OF 1 I I .LOWS H:I

Date of
Election

1870 (eo

une 2

Nov. 24

May 25
June 8

Nov. 23

Jan. 18
June 6

Mewton, Alfred.

Noble, Andrew; afterwards Bt. and K <
Osborn, Sherard, Capt. U.\
'arkinson, Rev. Stephen.
'arsons, Robert Mann, ('apt. U.I
lansom, William Henry, M.D.
Scott, Robert Henry.

Verdon, George Frederic; afterwards K .( .M.(.
Voelcker, John Christopher Augustus.
Wilks, Samuel, M.D. ; afterward^ Ht.
Sutherland, George Gram-UK- William Sutherland,

Duke of.

Angstrom, Anders Jon s I (1m M. in )

Plateau, Joseph Antoine Ferdinand j l

1871

Lowe, Rt. Hon. Robert; afterwards VIM Shift)

Besant, William Henry.

Budd, William, M.D.

Callender, George William.

Carruthers, William.

Etheridgo, Robert.

Guthrie, Frederick.

Herschel, John, Capt. R.E.

Moncrieft', Capt. Alexander; afterward- M ,B,

Quain, Richard, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.

Schorleinmer, Carl.

Thomas, Edward.

Tylor, Edward Buraiet ; afterwards Kt.

Varley, Cromwell Fleetwood.

Walden, Arthur, Viscount; afterwmnh Marquess

Tweeddale.
Wood, John.
Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil.

1872

Goschen, Rt. Hon. George Joachim ; afterwards Vi«.

Adams, Andrew Leith.

Adams, William Grylls.

Clark, Frederick Le Gros.

Cleland, John, M.D.

Foster, Michael, M.D. ; afterwards K.C.B.

Fox, Wilson, M.D.

Gamgee, Arthur, M.D.

Hincks, Rev. Thomas.

Jevons, William Stanley.

Johnson, George, M.D. ; afterward* Kt.

414

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Khrtlon

June 6

Jan. 16
June 12

Nov. 27

. s

June 4

1872 (continued)

Jones, Thomas Rupert.

Montgomerie, Thomas George, Maj. R.E.

Ormerod, Edward Latham, M.D.

Kouth, Edward John.

Russell, William James.

1873

Childers, lit. Hon. Hugh Culling Eardley.

Aitken, William, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Armstrong, Sir Alexander, M.D., K.C.B.

Ball, Robert Stawell ; afterwards Kt.

Beddoe, John, M.D.

Bramwell, Frederick Joseph ; afterwards Bt.

Calver, Edward Killwick, Capt. R.X.

Ellery, Robert Lewis John.

Grant, Lieut.-Col. James Augustus.

Markham, Clements Robert ; afterwards K.C.B.

Paget, George Edward, M.D. ; afterwards K.C.B.

Royston-Pigott, George West, M.D.

Salvin, Osbert.

Strutt, Hon. John William ; afterwards Lord Rayleigh,

and O.M. (P.R.S. 1905).
Woodward, Henry.
Young, James.
Erman, Georg Adolf
Gray, Asa
Halloy, Jean Baptiste Julien

D'Omalius d' \ (For. Mem.).

Henle, Franz Gustav Jakob
Hermite, Charles
Struve, Otto Wilhelm
Card well, lit. Hon. Edward ; afterwards Viscount.

1874

Bell, Sir Isaac Lowthian ; afterwards Bt.

Blanford, William Thomas.

Brady, Henry Bowman.

Bran ton, Thomas Lauder, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.

Clifford, William Kingdon.

Franks, Augustus Wollaston ; afterwards K.C.B.

Henrici, Olaus Magnus F. E.

Hewett, Prescotl Gardner ; afterwards Bt.

Howard, John Eliot.

Maine, Sir Henry James Sumner, K.C.S.I.

Mills, Edmund James.

Perry, Rev. Stephen Joseph, S.J.

Rumsey, Henry Wyldbore, M.D.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 415

Date of
Election

1874 (ronti,,

line 4

Feb. 18
Apr. 8

22
29
June 3

Jan. 20
Feb. 1
June 1

elwyn, Alfred Hu hard Cecil.

Vilson, Charles William, M , U !

1875

Xorthcote, Rt. Hon. Sir Stafford Henry; afterward*

Earl of Iddesleigh.

Carnarvon, Henry Howard MolymMix Herbert, Earl of.
Forster, Rt. Hon. William Edward,
ieneden, Pierre Joseph van
iertrand, Joseph Louis Fran
3es Cloizeaux, Alfred Louis Olivier
Fizeau, Hippolyte Louis

Fries, Elias Magnus (For. Mem.).

Janssen, Pierre Jules Cesar
Kekule, August
Kirchhoft', Gustav Robert
Ludvvig, Carl

Gurney, Rt. Hon. Russell.
Colvile, Rt. Hon. Sir James William.
Archer, William.

Bennett, James Risdon, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Brandis, Dietrich ; afterwards K.C.I. E.
Caird, James ; afterwards K.C.B.
Casey, John.
Dupre, August.
Geikie, James.

Glaisher, James Whitbread Lee.
Hennessey, John Baboneau Nickterlien.
Klein, Edward Emanuel, M.D.
Lankester, Edwin Ray ; afterwards K.C.B.
Nares, George Strong, Capt. R.N. ; afterwards K.C.B.
Newall, Robert Stirling.
Roberts, William Chandler ; afterwards Roberts- Aust

and K.C.B.
Scott, Henry Young Darracott, Major-Cien. H.L.

1876

Aberdare, Henry Austin Bruce, Lord.
Sclater-Booth,Rt.Hon.George; afterwards LordB

Disraeli, Rt. Hon. Benjamin; afterwards

Beaconsfield.
Abney, William de Wiveleslie, Capt. R.b. ; aflerwi

K.C.B.

Armstrong, Henry Edward.
Clarke, Rev. William Branwhite.
Croll, James.
Dunkin, Edwin.

416

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Election

1876 (continued)

June 1

May 3

»
June 7

Dec. 13

Feb. 14
June 6

Erichsen, John Eric ; afterwards Bt.

Ferrier, David, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Lane-Fox, Col. Augustus Henrv ; afterwards Lt.-Genl.

Pitt-Rivers.
Garrod, Alfred Henry.
I lay ward, Robert Baldwin.
Meld rum, Charles.

Reed, Edward James ; afterwards K.C.B.
Rutherford, William, M.D.
Swinhoe, Robert.
Thorpe, Thomas Edward ; afterwards Kt.

1877

Coleridge, John Duke, Lord.

Frere, Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Bartle Edward.

Dewar, James ; afterwards Kt.

Fayrer, Sir Joseph, M.D. ; afterwards Bt.

Ferrers, Rev. Norman Macleod.

Frascr, Thomas Richard, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Hodgson, Brian Haughton.

Judd, John Wesley.

Mclntosh, William Carmichael, M.D.

McLachlan, Robert.

Mallet, John William.

Medlicott, Henry Benedict.

Moseley, Henry Nottidge.

Reynolds, Osborne.

Roberts, William, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Thomson, James.

Turner, William ; afterwards K.C.B.

Berthelot, Marcelin

Decaisne, Joseph

Du Bois-Reymond, Emil Heinrich

Kolbe, Adolph Wilhelm Hermann (For. Mem.).

Leuckart, Rudolph

Newcomb, Simon

Tchebitchef, Pafnutij

1878

Smith, Rt. Hon. William Henry.

Gregory, Rt. Hon. Sir William Henry, K.C.B.

Baker, John Gilbert.

Balfour, Francis Maitland.

Bonney, Rev. Thomas George.

Cotterill, James Henry.

Elliot, Sir Walter, K.C.S.I.

Greenwell, Rev. Canon William.

Hawksley, Thomas.

CHRONOLOGICAL KKc.ISTKK OP I I I LOWS 417

Date of
Election

1878 («

Tune 6

Apr. 3

June 12

Jan. 8
June 3

Flopkinson, John.
Jackson, John Hughlings, M.I).
Lindsay, James Ludovic, lx>rd; afterward* Earl of

Crawford and Balcarres.
lloberts, Samuel.
Schafer, Edward Albert.
Sprengel, Hermann Johann Philipp.
Symons, George James.
Tomes, Charles Sissmore.

1879

Cross, Rt. Hon. Richard Assheton ; afterwards VUcount.

Auwers, Arthur
Cremona, Luigi
Quatrefages de Breau, Jean Loui-

Armand de \ (For. M

Quincke, Georg Hermann
Schwann, Theodor
Stas, Jean Servais
Anderson, John, M.D.
Berkeley, Rev. Miles Joseph.
Bessemer, Sir Henry.
Brown, Alexander Crum.
Buller, Walter Lowry; afterwards K.C.M.(.
Darwin, George Howard ; afterwards K.C.B.
Everett, Joseph David.

Francois de Chaumont, Francis Stephen Bennet, M.ll.
Liveing, George Downing.
Matthey, George.
Romanes, George John.
Schuster, Arthur.
Seeley, Harry Govier.
Williamson, Benjamin.
Wright, Thomas, M.D.

1880

Northbrook, Thomas George Baring, Earl of.
Attfield, John.
Blanford, Henry Francis.
Clifford- Allbutt, Thomas, M.D.
Dallinger, Rev. William Henry.
Thiselton-Dyer, William Turner ; afterwards K.C.
Godwin- Austen, Lieut.-Col. Henry Havcrsham.
Graves, Charles, Bishop of Limerick.
Hughes, David Edward.
Jeftery, Henry Martyn. vrjuir

M'Coy, Frederick ; afterwards K.C.M.G
Moulton, John Fletcher ; afterwards Lord
E e

afterwanU K .( l>

418

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

1880 (continued)

June 3

17
Nov. 25

Jan. 13
Feb. 3

May 12

June 2

Dec. 15

Jan. 12

Mar. 9
16

June 8

Niven, Charles.

Rae, John.

Reynolds, James Emerson, M.D.

Tilden, William Augustus ; afterwards Kt.

Beresford-Hope, Rt. Hon. Alexander James Beresford.

Jessel, Rt. Hon. Sir George.

1881

Gladstone, Rt. Hon. William Evvart.

Grant Duff, Rt. Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone ; after-
wards G.C.S.I.

Daubree, Gabriel Auguste \

Marignac, Jean Charles Gallisard de I

Nage?i, Clrl

Weierstrass, Carl Wilhelm von

Ayrton, William Edward.

Bates, Henry Walter.

Bristowe, John Syer, M.D.

Christie, William Henry Mahoney ; afterwards K.C.B.

Dickie, George, M.D.

Kempe, Alfred Bray ; afterwards Kt.

Macalister, Alexander, M.D.

McLeod, Herbert.

Phillips, John Arthur.

Preece, William Henry ; afterwards K.C.B.

Samuelson, Bernhard ; afterwards Bt.

Stoney, Bindon Blood.

Traquair, Ramsay H., M.D.

Watson, Rev. Henry William.

Wright, Charles Romley Alder.

Harcourt, Rt. Hon. Sir William George Granville
Venables Vernon.

1882

Fawcett, Rt. Hon. Henry.

Bramwell, Rt. Hon. Sir George William Wilshere;

afterwards Lord.

Mundella, Rt. Hon. Anthony John.
Edinburgh, H.R.H. the Duke of; afterwards Duke of

Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Ball, Valentine.

Brady, George Stewardson, M.D.
Buchanan, George, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.
Clarke, Charles Baron.
Darwin, Francis.
Dittmar, William.
Guskell, Walter Holbrook, M.D.
Glazebrook, Richard Tetley.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF I I I LOWS 419

Date of
Election

June 8

Dec. 14

June 7

55

55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
5J
55
55
55

Dec. 13

Jan. 31

55
55

June 12

1882

Godman, Frederick l)u (

Hutchinson, Jonathan ; afterward l\

Liversidge, Archibald.

Malet, John C.

Niven, William Davidson; afterward- K ( 11

Palgrave, Robert Harry Inglis ; afterwards

Weldon, Walter.

Chamberlain, Rt. Hon. .Inx-ph.

1883

Aitchison, Surgeon-Major James Edwai . M . I >

Browne, James Crichton, M.D. ; afterNs K

Dobson, Surgeon-Major George Edward.

Duncan, James Matthews, M.I).

Fitzgerald, George Francis.

Flight, Walter.

Frost, Rev. Percival.

Gill, David ; afterwards K.C.B.

Groves, Charles Edward.

Grubb, Howard ; afterwards Kt.

Langley, John Newport.

Reinold, Arnold William.

Trimen, Roland.

Venn, John.

Walker, John James.

Fry, Sir Edward, Lord Justice.

1884

.De Bary, Anton

Gegenbaur, Carl

Kronecker, Leopold V (For. Mem.).

Virchow, Rudolph

Wiedemann, Gustav

Allman, George Johnston.

Balfour, Isaac Bayley.

Baxendell, Joseph.

Bell, James.

Hartley, Walter Noel v afterwards Kt.

Herschel, Alexander Stewart.

Hudleston, Wilfred Hudleston.

Lamb, Horace.

McKendrick, John Gray, M.D.

Ransome, Arthur, M.D.

Roy, Charles Smart, M.D.

Riicker, Arthur William ; afterwards Kt.

Thomson, Joseph John ; afterwards K ^

Warren, Col. Sir Charles, G.C.M.G. ; afterwards K.C.B.

E e 2

420

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

1884 (continued}

June 12
Dec. 18

May 21

June 4

Dec. 10

June- 4

10

Watson, Morrison, M.I).

Corn u, Alfred ) . ., ,,

Dana, James Dwight \ <*or' Mcm->-

1885

Bo wen, Sir Charles Synge Christopher, Lord Justice.

Baird, Andrew Wilson, Major H.K.

( arpenter, Philip Herbert.

( 'lark, Sir Andrew, Bt.

Common, Andrew Ainslie.

Creak, Ettrick. William.'

Divers, Edward.

Hicks, Henry, M.D.

Hicks, William Mitchinson.

Japp, Francis Robert.

Marshall, Arthur Milnes, M.I).

Martin, Henry Newall.

O'Sullivan, Cornelius.

Perry, John.

Ringer, Sydney.

Vines, Sidney Howard.

Baeyer, Adolf \

Klein, Felix I /17 ...

Kowalewski, Alexander Onufrievitch f

Loven, Sven Ludwig j

1886

J«clwell, Shelford.

( 'olenso, William.

Dixon, Harold Baily.

Festing, Edward Robert, Maj.-Geii. R.E.

h'orsyth, Andrew Russell.

(ireen, Alexander Henry.

Horsley, Victor Alexander Haden ; afterwards Kt.

Meldola, Raphael.

Pye-Smith, Philip Henry, M.D.

Russell, Henry Chamberlaine.

Sedgwick, Adam.

Unwin, William Cawthorne.

Warington, Robert.

Wharton, William James Lloyd, Capt. R.N. ; after-
wards K.C.B.

Wilde, Henry.

Rosebery, Archibald Philip Primrose, Earl of.

Thurlow, Thomas John Hovell-Thurlow Camming
Bruce, Lord.

CHRONOLOGICAL KKGISTKU OF KKLLOWB

q/'
Election

Jan. 13
kine 9

Jan. 12
Mar. 22

May 3

31

55
55

55

June 7

55
55
55
55
55
55

Apr. 4
June 6

1887

I

Hanbury -Tracy,
Atholc (Lord

ialsbury, Rt. Hon. Hardinge Stanley
Buchanan, John Young.
Cash, John Theodore, M.I).
Douglass, Sir James Nicholas.
Ewing, James Alfred; afterward* K.C.It.
Forbes, George.

Gowers, William Richard, M.I). ; afterwards Kt
Kennedy, Alexander B. W. ; afterwards Kt.
King, George ; afterwards K.C.I. E.
Kirk, Sir John, G.C.M.(.
Lodge, Oliver Joseph ; afterwards K t .
Milne, John.

Pickard-Cambridge, Rev. Octavius.
Snelus, George James.
Walsingham, Thomas, Ixrnl.
Whitaker, William.

1888

Balfour, Rt. Hon. Arthur Jaim-.
Sudeley, Charles D.mglas Richard

Lord.
Macdonald, Rt. Hon. John Hay

Kingsburgh).

Becquerel, Alexandre Edmond
Kopp, Hermann

Pfluger, Eduard Friedrich Wilhel
Sachs, Julius
Andrews, Thomas.
Bottomley, James Thomson.
Boys, Charles Vernon.

Church, Arthur Herbert ; afterwards K.C.V.O.
Greenhill, Alfred George ; afterwards Kt.
Jervois, Sir William F. D., Lieut.-Gen. R.L.
Lapworth, Charles.
Parker, Thomas Jeffery.
Poynting, John Henry.
Ramsay, William ; afterwards K.C.H.
Teale, Thomas Pridgin.
Topley, William.
Trimen, Henry.
Ward, Henry Marshall.
White, William Henry ; afterwards K.C.B.

1889
De Worms, Rt. Hon. Baron Henry ; afterwards Lord

Pirbright.
Aitken, John.
Ballard, Edward, M.D.

l(F«
1ml

•or. Mem.).

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Dal of
Election

June 6

Dec. 5

June 5

Feb. 5

Mar. 12
June 4

1889 (continued)

Basset, Alfred Barnard.
Brown, Horace Tabberer.
Clark, Latimer.
Cunningham, David Douglas.
Fletcher, Lazarus.

ley. William Bottirig.
Hudson. Charles Thomas.
Hughes, Thomas McKenny.
Poulton, Edward Bagnall.
Sollas, William Johnson.
Todd, Charles ; afterwards K.C.M.G.
Tomlinson, Herbert.
Yeo, Gerald Francis. M.D.
Cannizzaro, Stanislao

Chauveau, Jean Baptiste Auguster (For. Mem.).
Rowland, Henry Augustus.

1890

Baker, Sir Benjamin, K.C.M.G.

Bosanquet, Robert Holford Macdowall.

Burbury, Samuel Hawkesley.

Gardiner, Walter.

Kerr, John.

Lea, Arthur Sheridan.

MacMahon, Percy Alexander, Maj. R.A.

Nor man, Rev. Alfred Merle.

Perkiri, William Henry.

Pickering, Spencer Umfreville.

Roberts, Isaac.

Sharp, David.

Tr-all, J. J. Harris.

Thome, Richard Thorne ; afterwards K.C.B.

Weldon, Walter Frank Raphael.

1891

Jackson, Rt. Hon. William Lawies; afterwards Lord

Allerton.

Hannen, Rt. Hon. James, Lord.
Anderson, William ; afterwards K.C.B.
Bower, Frederick Orpen.
Conroy, Sir John, Bt.
Cunningham, Daniel John, M.D.
Dawson, George Mercer.
Elliott, Edwin Bailey.
Frankland, Percy Faraday.
Gilchrist, Percy Carlyle.
Halliburton, William Dobinson, M.D.
Heaviside, Oliver.

;HRONOLOGICAL REGISTER OF FELLOWS 423

une 4

Date of
Election

Nov. 26

Jan. 21
Mar. 3
May 19

55
55
55

Tune 2

55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55

Dec. 15

June 1

55
55
55
55

1891 (continued}

Vlarr, John Edward.
Vlond, Ludwig.

haw, William Napier.

^hompson, Silvanus Phillips.
lizard, Thomas Henry, Capt. R.N.
Agassiz, Alexander \

Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (For M ^
Strasburger, Eduard
Tacchini, Pietro

1892

Herschell, Rt. Hon. Farrer, Lord.

Devonshire, Spencer Compton Cavendish, Duke of.

Kuhne, Willy

Mascart, Eleuthere Elie Nicolas I ,For Mem \

Mendeleeff, Dmitri Ivanovich

Newton, Hubert Anson

Armstrong, Robert Young, Lieut.-Col. R.b.

Beddard, Frank Evers.
Fleming, John Ambrose.

Foster, Clement Le Neve ; afterwards Kt.

Gadow, Hans Friedrich.

Giffen, Robert ; afterwards K.C.B.

Gotch, Francis.

Herdman, WiUiam Abbott.

Hutton, Frederick Wollaston, Capt. K.fc.

Joly,John.

Larmor, Joseph ; afterwards Kt.

Miall, Louis Compton.

Peach, Benjamin Neeve.

Pedler, Alexander ; afterwards Kt.

Efe Wr teSS- Vise, ana O.M
1893

Burnside, William.
Dunstan, Wyndham Rowland.
Ellis, WiUiam.

K-CB

Hobson, Ernest William.
Howorth, Sir Henry Hoyle, K.C.I.E.
Newton, Edwin Tulley.
Sherrington, Charles ^ott, M D.
Stirling, Edward Charles, M.D.
Thornycroft, John Isaac; afterwards Kt.
Trail, James William Helenus, M.D^
Wallace, Alfred Russel ; afterwards O.M

424

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Election

1893 (continued)

June 1

55
8

. 14

Apr. 26

June 7

5?
5?
55
55

Jan. 24
June 13

I),,.

Worthington, Arthur Mason.

Young, Sydney.

York, George, Duke of ; afterwards Prince of Wales,

and King George V. Patron, 1910.
Bryce, Rt. Hon. James ; afterwards O.M.

1894

Baillon, Henri Ernest)

Poincare, Henri L (For. Mem.).

Suess, Eduard

Bateson, William.

Boulenger, George Albert.

Bradford, John Rose, M.D. ; afterwards K.C.M.G.

Callendar, Hugh Longbourne.

Cheyne, William Watson ; afterwards Bt.

Froude, Robert Edmund.

Hill, Micaiah John Muller.

Jones, John Viriamu.

Love, Augustus Edward Hough.

Lydekker, Richard.

Penrose, Francis Cranmer.

Scott, Dukinfield Henry.

Smith, Rev. Frederick John ; afterwards Jervis-Smith.

Swan, Joseph Wilson ; afterwards Kt.

Veley, Victor Herbert.

1895

Davey, Rt. Hon. Horace, Lord.

Barry, John Wolfe; afterwards K.C.B.

Bourne, Alfred Gibbs.

Bryan, George Hartley.

Eliot, John ; afterwards K.C.I.E.

Green, Joseph Reynolds.

Griffiths, Ernest Howard.

Heycock, Charles Thomas.

Hickson, Sydney John.

Holden, Henry Capel Lofft, Maj. R.A.

McClean, Frank.

Macewen, William, M.D. ; afterwards Kt.

Martin, Sidney Harris Cox, M.D.

Minchin, George Mineliin.

Power, William Henry; afterwards K.C.B.

Purdie, Thomas.

Gaudry, Albert.

Kolilrausch, Friedrirh

I/mgley, Samuel Pierpont (For. Mem.).

Lie, Sophus

Metchnikoff, Elias

CHRONOLOGICAL lUc.lSTIK ul I I I LOWS 4*5

Date of

I'lltrt'um

1896

M.-ir. 1
Fune 4

55

55

Nov. 26

5>
55

Dec. 17

Mar. 4

Apr. 1
June 3

55
55
55
.55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55

Nov. 25

55
55
55

, Rt. Hon. Sir llicluud.
'larke, Sir George Svdmlmni. 1 U 1

Jollie, John Norman.
Downing, Arthur Mat thru NV.-ld.
Elgar, Francis.
Gray, Andrew.
Hinde, George .It-linings.
Miers, Henry Alexander ;
Mott, Frederick Walker. M.I).
Murray, John ; afterward^ K.( .B.
Pearson, Karl.

Stebbing, Rev. Thom;ts U<^< •«»»• Kede.
Stewart, Charles.
Wilson, William Edward.
Woodward, Horace Botingforoke.
Wynne, William Palmer.
Heim, Albert \

Lippmann, Gabriel
Mittag-Leffler, Gosta
Schiaparelli, Giovanni J
Gorst, Rt. Hon. Sir John Eldon.

1897

Amagat, 6mile Hilaire

Cohn, Ferdinand

Gibbs, Josiah Willard ,p M }

Heidenhain, Rudolph P. H/1

Koch, Robert

Wislicenus, Johannes

Bell, Robert.

Broadbent, Sir William Henry, Bt.

Chree, Charles.

Elwes, Henry John.

Haldane, John Scott, M.D.

Haswell, William A.

Howes, George Bond.

Kipping, Frederic Stanley.

Mathews, George Ballard.

Murray, George Robert Milne.

Neville, Francis Henry.

Nicholson, Henry Alleyne, M.I).

Thomson, John Millar.

Trouton, Frederick Thomas.

Turner, Herbert Hall.

van't Hoff, Jacobus Hendrikj

Lacaze-Duthiers, Henri «K I (Fof Mrlll_ h

PfefFer, Wilhelm

Zirkel, Ferdinand

426

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

Jan. 20
27
June 9

Dec. 15

Jan. 26

June 1

55

55
55
55
55
55
M
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55

55

Dec. 14

June 14

1898

Lindley, Rt. Hon. Sir Nathaniel ; afterwards Lord.
Maxwell, Rt. Hon. Sir Herbert Eustace.
Baker, Henry Frederick.
Brown, Ernest William.
Buchan, Alexander.
Harmer, Sidney Frederic.
Lister, Arthur.

McMahon, Lieut. -Gen. Charles Alexander.
Osier, William ; afterwards Bt.
Parsons, Hon. Charles Algernon ; afterwards K.C.B.
Preston, Thomas.
Reid, Edward Waymouth.
Scott, Alexander.
Seward, Albert Charles.
Shenstone, William Ash well.
Taylor, Henry Marty n.
Wimshurst, James.

Curzon of Kedleston, George Nathaniel, Lord ; after-
wards Earl.

1899

Lefevre, Rt. Hon. George John Shaw ; afterwards

Lord Eversley.

Barrett, William Fletcher ; afterwards Kt.
Booth, Charles.

Bruce, Major David ; afterwards Kt.
Fenton, Henry John Horstman.
Gamble, James Sykes.
Haddon, Alfred Cort.
Head, Henry, M.D.
Hele-Shaw, Henry Selby.
Morgan, Conwy Lloyd.
Reid, Clement.

Starling, Ernest Henry, M.D.
Tanner, Henry William Lloyd.
Threlfall, Richard.
Tutton, Alfred Edwin Howard.
Windle, Bertram Coghill Alan ; afterwards Kt.
Boltzmann, Ludwig
Dohrn, Anton

Fischer, Emil UFor. Mem.).

Neumayer, Georg von
Treub, Melchior /

Romer, Rt, Hon. Sir Robert, Lord Justice.

1900

Burch, George James.
David, T. W. Edgeworth.

CHRONOLOGICAL |{K(,ISTKIJ <>1 IM.I.o\VS

Date of
Election

June 14

June 21
Nov. 22

May 9
June 6

Mar. 20
May 15
June 5

1900 (rontiniirih

^armer, John Bivtland.

lill, Leonard.

rlorne, John.

Lister, Joseph Jackson

VtacGregor, Jaim •- (ionlon.

Vianson, Patrick, M.I). ; at'U-ru.-. '. <.

Muir, Thomas.

Rambaut, Arthur Alcock.

Sell, William James.

Spencer, Walter Baldwin.

Walker, Janu-s.

Watts, Philip ; afterward- K.C.H.

Wilson, Charles Thomson H

North, Rt. Hon. Sir Ford.

Northumberland, Hen r\ G Percy, Duke of.

1901

Leydig, Franz von (For. Mom.).

Alcock, Alfred William.

Dyson, Frank Watson.

Evans, Arthur John ; afterward > Kt.

Gregory, John Walter.

Jackson, Henry Bradwardine, Capt. H.N afterwards

K.C.B.

Macdonald, Hector Munro.
Mansergh, James.
Martin, Charles James.
Ross, Ronald, Major; afterwanls K.C.B.
Schlich, William ; afterwards K.C.I.E.
Smithells, Arthur.
Thomas, Michael R. Oldfield.
Watson, William.
Whetham, William C. Dampier.
Woodward, Arthur Smith.

1902

Stirling, Rt. Hon. Sir Jam-.

Goldie, Sir George D. Taubman, K.C,M.(.

Baker, Herbert Brereton.

Bovey, Henry Taylor.

Boyce, Rubert ; afterwards Kt.

Brown, John.

Hardy, William Bate.

Harker, Alfred.

Hough, Sydney Samuel.

Kidston, Robert.

Mather, Thomas.

Michell, John Henry.

428

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of
Election

1902 (continued)

June 5

5?
19

Nov. :27

55

55
55
55
55
55
55

June 11

55
55
55
55
55
J5
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55

May 5

55
55
55

(For. Mem.).

Newall, Hugh Frank.

Petrie, William Matthew Flinders.

Pope, William Jackson.

Saunders, Edward.

Willey, Arthur.

Alverstone, Richard Everard Webster, Lord.

1 ,ong, Rt. Hon. Walter Hume.

Plunkett, lit. Hon. Horace Curzon ; afterwards

K.C.V.O.

Bregger, Waldemar Christofer
Darboux, Gaston.
Her ing, Ewald
Hill, George William
Michelson, Albert Abraham
Richthofen, Baron Ferdinand von
Solms-Laubach, Graf Hermann zu
Thomsen, Julius >

1903

Bayliss, William Maddock.

Bridge, Thomas William.

Copeman, Sydney Arthur Monckton.

Darwin, Horace.

Hiern, William Philip.

Mallock, Henry Reginald Arnulph.

Masson, David Ornie.

Perkin, Arthur George.

Rutherford, Ernest.

Sampson, Ralph Allen.

Stead, John Edward.

Strahan, Aubrey.

Symington, Johnson.

Townsend, John Sealy.

Whitehead, Alfred North.

1904

Brodie, Thomas Gregor.

Burrard, Sidney Gerald.

Dixon, Alfred Cardew.

Dol)l)ic, James Johnston.

Holland, Thomas Henry; afterwards K.C.I. K.

Joly, Charles Jasjxir.

Marshall, Hugh.

Mcyrick, Edward.

Muirhcad, Alexander.

Nuttall, George Henry Falkincr.

Shipley, Arthur Everett.

Travcrs, Morris William.

CHRONOLOGICAL KK< .ISTKK Ol II

Date of
Election

May 5

une 16

May 11

May 3

Nov. 1

1904 (

Wager, Harold William Taylor.
Walker, Gilbert Thon

Watts, William Whitehead.
Strathcona, Donald Alt

1905

Adami, John George.
3one, William Arthur.
Campbell, John Edward.
Dines, William Hem -y.

Field, Arthur Mo-tyn. (apt. H.\ .1 K < 11

Forster, Martin Onslow.
Goodrich, Edwin Stephen.
Hopkins, Frederick Gowland.
Lamplugh, George William,
MacBride, Ernest William.
Oliver, Francis Wall.
Prain, David ; afterwards Kt.
Searle, George Frederick Charts.
Strutt, Hon. Robert John.
Whittaker, Edmund Taylor.
De Vries, Hugo ^

Hermann, Ludimar ^ (For Mnn }

Lorentz, Hendnk Antoon
Moissan, Henri

1906

Andrews, Charles William.

Beilby, George Thomas.

Blackman, Frederick Frost.

Bromwich, Thomas John FAn.son.

Cowell, Philip Herbert.

Heape, Walter.

Jeans, James Hopwood.

Lees, Charles Herbert.

Lyons, Henry George, Capt. ll.E.

Macallum, Archibald Byron.

Marsh, James Ernest.

Mitchell, Peter Chalmers.

Swinburne, James.

Wilson, Harold Albert.

Wright, Almroth Edward ; afterward > K

Hallane, Rt. Hon. Richard Burdon ; aft en

Viscount, and Lord Chancellor.
Iveagh, Edward Cecil Guinn^^count
Connaught and Strathearn, H.R.H. ITic 1

430

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Election

1907

May 2

Adams, Frank Dawson.

55

Anderson, Hugh Kerr.

•«

Benham, William Blaxland Shoppee.

55

Blythswood, Archibald Campbell Campbell, Lord.

55

Bragg, William Henry.

55

Chattaway, Frederick Daniel.

n

Crossley, Arthur William.

55

Cushny, Arthur Robertson.

55

Duddell, William.

55

Gamble, Frederick William.

55

Petavel, Joseph Ernest.

n

Pocklington, Henry Cabourn.

„

Ridley, Henry Nicholas.

««

Smith, Grafton Elliot.

55

Young, William Henry.

June 6

Pawlow, Ivan Petrovitch \

55
55

Pickering Edward Charles p M
Retzms, Magnus Crustat

55

Righi, Augusto

1908

May 7

Barlow, William.

55

Berkeley, Randal Thomas Mowbray, Earl of.

55

Clerk, Dugald.

55

Dendy, Arthur.

55

Dixon, Henry Horatio.

55

Gardiner, John Stanley.

55

Gowland, William.

55

Grace, John Hilton.

55

Hamilton, David James.

55

Major, Charles Immanuel Forsyth.

55

Nevill, Edmund Neville.

„

Rivers, William Halse Rivers.

55

Russell, Hon. Bertrand Arthur William.

55

Stapf, Otto.

55

Thorpe, Jocelyn Field.

June 4

Becquerel, Antoine Henri \

55

Hi.-l inert, Friedrich Robert | ,p M

n

Kitasato, Shibamiro

55

Mitchell, Silas Weir

Nov. 5

As(juith, Rt. Hon. Herbert Henry.

Bedford, Herbrand Arthur Russell, Duke of.

1909

Mar. 25

Hale, George Ellery \

55

Kronecker, Hugo
Picard, Charles 6mile [ (*or' Mem^'

••

Ramon y Cajal, Santiago)

CHRONOLOGICAL KK(,|sM i; 01 111 I

Date of
Election

1909 (continued)

May 6

May 5

55
55
55
55
5>
55

June 30

5>
5>
55
55

May 4

55
55
55

Baly, Edward Charles Cyril.
Barlow, Sir Tlmma>, lit.'
Barnes, Rev. Ernest William.
Bather, Francis Arthur.
Hadfield, Sir Robert Abbott.
Hall, Alfred Daniel.
Harden, Arthur.
Jukes-Browne, Alfred .Inhn.
Kerr, John Graham.
Lewis, William James.
McClelland, John Alexander.
Orr, William McFadden.
Rendle, Alfred Barton.
Smith, James I^orrain.
Wilson, James Thomas.

1910

Barcroft, Joseph.
Bourne, Gilbert Charles.
Coleman, Arthur Philemon.
Dixey, Frederick Augustus.
Filon, Louis Napoleon George.
Fowler, Alfred.
Garrod, Archibald Edward.
Hardy, Godfrey Harold.
Harker, John Allen.
Hewitt, John Theodore.
Hopkinson, Bertram.
Lapworth, Arthur.
Leishman, Sir William Boog.
Plimmer, Henry George.
Soddy, Frederick.
Arrhenius, Svante August
Bornet, Jean Baptiste Edouard
Ehrlich, Paul
Volterra, Vito
Weismann, August

1911

Barnes, Howard Turner.
Brown, Adrian John.
Cohen, Julius Berend.
Dixon, Walter Ernest.
Donnan, Frederick George.
Hills, Edmond Herbert.
Lang, William Henry.
Leathes, John Beresford.
Minchin, Edward Alfred.

K (For. Mem.).

432

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Date of

Election

1911 (continued)

May i

Muir. Robert.

v

Oldham, Richard Dixon.

»»

Pocock, Reginald Innes.

••

Porter, Alfred William.

5?

Richmond, Herbert William.

»

Stoney, George Gerald.

Nov. 9

Backlund, Jons Oskar

»

Groth, Paul Heinrich Hitter von

?>

Kayser, Heinrich 1 (For. Mem.).

*»

Le Bel, Joseph Achille

)5

TimiriazefF, Clement A.

23

Cromer, Evelyn Baring', Earl of, O.M.

?»

Rothschild, Hon. Lionel Walter.

1912

May 2

Arnold, John Oliver.

>»

Bark la, Charles Glover.

?5

Cockayne, Leonard.

»»

Dixon, Arthur Lee.

??

Heath, Sir Thomas Little, K.C.B.

»»

Jones, Humphrey Owen.

,,

Lyle, Thomas Ranken.

H

McDougall, William.

j»

Messel, Rudolf.

»•

Moore, Benjamin.

»?

Nettleship, 'Edward.

j?

Newstead, Robert.

?j

Oram, Sir Henry John, K.C.B.

J5

Prior, George Thurland.

»5

Punnett, Reginald Crundall.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF FELLOWS

FROM THE FOUNDATION OF THE SOCIETY
TO MAY 2»D, 1912

Reference to the Chronological Register is given by the daU of election

A

Albertini, O. .

1780

Abbot, C. . 1793

Albini. M

Abbot, J. F. .

1793

Albinus, I

Abeille, L. P.

1762

AlcocL A. \\.

i '• • i

Abel, C.

1819

Alcock, N. .

741*

Abel, F. A. .

1860

Aldersey, I:

794

Abercorn, Earl of (

eePa

sley,

Lord)

Alderson. '

841

Aberdare, Lord

1876

Alexander. H.

847

Aberdeen, Earl of

1808

Alex

•* •

Aberdour, Lord
Aberdour, Lord

1733
1764

Alfred, Luke of Edinburgh . . 888
Algarotti, F. . . . 17M

Abernethy, J.

1796

Alison, A. .

798

Abgali, Mohammec

Ben

Ali

1725

Allamand, .F. X &

7l»»

Abney, W. de W.

1876

Allan, T. .

s i :.

Acland, H. W. D.

1847

Allen, E. .

JM

Acland, T. D.

1839

Allen, J.

.

Adair, J.

1688

Allen, T.

Adair, J.

1788

Allen, W. .

. 1807

Adair, 'R. A. S.

1845

Allen, VV. .

1H41

Adam, R. .

1761

Allerton, Lord (see Jackson. W. L.).

Adami, J. G. .

1905

Alleyn, J. .

. 1663

Adams, A. L.

1872

Alleyne, J. .

. 177'i

Adams, F. D.

1907

Allioni, C. .

. 1758

Adams, J. C. .

1849

Allix, W. .

1763

Adams, W. G.

1872

Allman, G. J.

. 1864

Adanson, M. .

1761

Allman, G. J.

. 1884

Adare, Viscount

1834

Almeyda, T. de

. 1768

Addison, W. .

1846

Alruz,J.W. .

.

Adee, S.

1744

Alstroemer, J.

177>

Adye, J. W. .
Afzelius, A. .

1774
1798

Al thorp, George, Viscount . . 1780
Althorp, John, Viscount . . . 1830

Aga, C. A. .

1728

Alvanley, B. (see Ardcn. R. P.).

Agar, G. C. .

1832

Alverstone, Lord

- .

Agar, W. E. .

1781

Amagat, E. H.

. 1K97

Agassiz, A.

1891

Ames, J.

. 1743

Agassiz, J. L. R.

1838

Amiens, Lord

1777

Aglionby, W.

1667 Amman, J. .

.

. 1*C?7

Agricola, G. A.
Ahlers, C. .

1726 Amyand, C. .

. I7I«.

Ailsa, Marq. of (see
Airy, G. B. .

Oassil

is,Ea

rlof)

Amyot, T. .
1836 Anderdon. .1. I'

1 - ;
Ml

Aitchison, J. E. T.

1883 Anderson. H. K

. l'."'7

Aitken, J. .

1889

Anderson, J. .

. 1769

Aitken, W. .

1873

Anderson, J. .

. 1K7»

Akenside, M.

1753

Anderson, W.

- '1

Aland, J. F. .

1711

Andrade, A. F. •!<

Albemarle, Duke of
Albert, Prince Consort
Albert Edward, Prince o

f Wai

es

1664
1840
1863

Andrew, J. .
Andrews, C. W.
Andrews, J. .

, 1906

.

Ff

434

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Andrews, T. .....

1849

Atwell, J

1728

Andrews, T

1888

Atwood, G. .

1776

Anglesey, Earl of .

1668

Aubert, A

1772

Angstrom, A. J.

1870

Aubrey (see Awbrey).

Anguish, T

1766

Auckland, Baron (see Eden, W.).

Anker B ....

1782

Audubon, J. J.

1830

Anker, C

1804

Auldjo, J

1840

Annesley, — .

1704

Auriol, J. P

1808

Annesley, J

1840

Aust, G

1797

Annesley, Lord ....

1663

Austen, J. .

1663

Ansell, C

1834

Austen, R. A. C

1849

Anson, G

1745

Austria, Archduke John of .

1816

Anson, T. . . .

1730

Austria, Archduke Louis of

1816

Anspach und Bayreuth, Margraf von

1780

Austria, Archduke Maximilian of

1819

Ansted, D. T

1844

Auwers, A. .

1879

Antrobus, E.

1801

Auzout, A

1666

Apjohn, J. .

1853

Avebury, Lord (see Lubbock, J.).

Appold, J. G

1853

1 Averani, G

1712

Arago, F. J. D

1818

Awbrey, J. .

1663

Arbuthnot, J

1704

Aylesbury, Earl of (see Bruce, Lord).

Arbuthnot, J

1770

Aylesford, Earl of (see Guernsey,

Archer, W

1875

Lord).

Archibald, C. D

1840

Ayloffe, J

1731

Arden, C. G

1786

Ayres, C. N

1708

Arden, R. P

1788

Ayres, T

1707

Arderne, J. .

1668

Ayrton, W

1837

Arderon, W

1745

Ayrton WE . . .

1881

1703

Argelander, F. W. A. ...

1846

Argyle, Archibald, Earl of

1663

Argyll, George, Duke of .

1851

Babbage, C

1816

a Ripa, L. ...

1718

Baber.H. H

1816

a Ripa, L. . ...

1733

Babington, B. G

1828

Armstrong, A. ...

1873

Babington, C. C. .

1851

Armstrong, H. E. . . .

1876

1805

Armstrong, J. ...

1723

Bache, A. D

1860

Armstrong, R. Y.

1892

Back,G

1847

Armstrong, W. G.

1846

Backlund, J. O. .

1911

Arnold, J. H.

1806

Bacon, J. .....

1750

Arnold, J. 0. ...

1912

Bacon, T. S

1721

Arnott, J. M.

1843

Bacon, V

1732

Arnott, N. . ...

1838

Baden-Dourlach, C. F. .

1747

Arrhenius, S. A.

1910

Badham, C

1818

Arthington, C. ...

1701

Baer, C. E. von ....

1854

Arundel, R. . ...

1740

Baeyer, A

1885

Ascanius, P. . ...

1755

Bagenall, N

1664

Ash, E. . .

1801

Baglivi, G

1698

Ash,J.. . .

1787

Bagnall,J

1774

Ashburton, Lord

1854

Bailey, A

1683

Ashby, S. . ...

1756

Baillie, D

1836

Ashe, St. G. . ...

1685

Baillie, J

1817

Ashe.W.W. .

1748

Baillie, M

1790

Ashley, Lord

1663

Baillon, H. E

1894

Ashmole, E. . ...

1663

Baillou, Chevalier de

1749

Askew, A. ...

1749

Baily, E. H

1842

Asquith, H. H.

1908

Baily,F

1821

Assemanni, S. E.

1737

Baird, A

1828

Astle, E. ...

1808

Baird,A.W

1885

Astlc.T. . .

1766

Baird, W

1867

M. F. ...

1678

Baker, B

1890

Afcherley, D. F. ...

1841

Baker, F

1811

Atholl, Duke of

1780

Baker, G

1762

Atkvns. H. .

1664

Baker, H

1740

Attf'icld.J. . .

1880

Baker, H. B

1902

ALPHABETICAL LIST Ol I I.I.I o\\ s

Baker, H. F. .
Baker, J.

Is'.is
Islo
1878
1771
1868
hist
I7l_'
1676
1760
1719
1888
1878

1SS4

is,™
1808

1st is
I (><;:{
1873
lss-J
1889
1708
1663
1801
1731
1767
1909
1847
1718
1773
1845
1736
1822
1668
1730
1766
1781
1750
1852

1910
1717
1849
1841
1860
1839
1731
1775
1912
1864
1834
1823
1845
1819
1909
1908
1850
1828
1790
1783
1909
1911
1710
1765
1809

F

Barnwell. i

Karrrtt. K. .
Barrett, W.F.
B*rn-ttu..I. .
BarrinKton. I).
Harrington, T.
Barrow, I. .
Barrow, J. .
Barrow, .)
Barrowby. \\

'
Barry, D.
Barry, E.
Barry, J.W..
Barry. M. .
Bart Men
•Barton, P." .
Basevi, C
Basing, Lord (see Sclater. Booth. G.).
Basnage de Beauva), J. .
Bassand, J. B.
Basset, A. B.
Barter, J.
Bastian, li
Bate,C.S
Bate, G
Bateman, J. .
Bateman, .1. F.
Bateman, Viscount
Bates, H. W.
Bates, T
Bateson, W

iiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiuisliiis

Baker, J. G. .
Baker, J. W. .
Baker, S. \V. .
Baker, T.

Baldini, G. A.

Baldwin, C. A.
Baldwin, R. .
Bale,C.

Balfour, A. J.

Balfour, F. M.

Balfour, I. B.
Balfour, J. H.
Balfour, T. G.

Ball, J.

Ball, P.

Ball, R. S. .
Ball, V.
Ballard, E. .
Balle, R. .
Balle, W
Balme, E.

Baltimore, Charles, Lord
Baltimore, Frederick, Lord
Baly, E. C. C.

Baly, W

Bamber, J. .
Bancroft, E

Bandon, Earl of .
Bankes, R
Bankes, W.J
Banks, J
Banks, J
Banks, J
Barbiano and Belgiojoso, Count of .
Barboza, J. M. S
Barclay, A. K
Barclay, J. R. (see Robertson, J.).
Barcroft, J. .
Barham, H. .
Baring, F. T
Baring, T
Baring, T
Barker, G
Barker, R
Barker, R
Barkla, C. G
Barkly, H
Barlow, J
Barlow, P
Barlow P W

Bath, Earl of

Bath and Wells, Bp. of (see MOM, C.).
Bather, F. A.
Bathuret, B
Bathurst, R
Batt.J.T
Batten, J. H
Battie, W
Battine,W
Batty, R
Bauer, F
Bauza F ...

1908
M8J

ITU

lil6

1741
17-7
L86J
MM
KStt

1888
ISM

I7A5

I74J
177..

1888
180

177.1
1803
M

U6J
1781
Ufl
1881

KM

vm

Bavaria, Elector Palatine- -
Bavaria, Elector Palatine of .
Baxendell J ...

Bayardi O A

Bayes, T.
Bayford, D
Baylay,W.F
Bayley, J
Bayley, T. B
Bayliss. W. M

Barlow, R
Barlow, T
Barlow, W
Barlow W H

Beaconafield, Earl of (see Disraeli B.).
Seal, J
Beale,J
Beale.L.8. .
Beamish, N.I. ...
Beamish. R
Beard, R

£2

Barnard, T
Barnes, E. W
Barnes, H. T
Barnes, J.
Bar ne wall, M.
Barnwell, C. F

436

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Beatty.W. . ... 1818

Bergius, P. J.

. 1770

Beauclerk, Lord

. 1809

Bergman, T. O.

. 1765

Beauclerk, T.

. 1770

Beringhen, T. von .

. 1667

Beaufain, H. B. cle

. 1730

Berkeley, C

. 1667

Beaufort, F. .

. 1814

Berkeley, Earl of .

. 1908

Beaufort, L. de

. 1746

Berkeley, Lord

. 1663

Beaufoy, H. .

. 1782

Berkeley, M.

. 1667

Beaufoy, H. .

. 1815

Berkeley, M. J.

. 1879

Beaufoy, M. .

. 1790

Bernard, C

. 1696

Beaumont, E. B.

. 1835

Bernard, C

. 1864

Beaumont, E. de

. 1835

Bernard, E. ...

. 1673

Beaumont, J.

. 1685

Bernard, H

. 1738

Beaumont, J. B. J

Eliede . . 1765

Bernard, J

. 1760

Beaumont, R.

. 1684

Bernard, J. P.

. 1737

Beauvoir, O .

. 1785

Bernoulli, D.

. 1750

Beccari, J. B.

. 1728

Bernoulli, J. .

. 1712

Beccaria, G. B.

. 1755

Bernoulli, N.

. 1713

Beck,T.S. .

. 1851

Berthelot, M. ...

. 1877

Becker, B. .

. 1698

Berthollet, C. L. .

. 1789

Beckett, J. .

. 1816

Berthoud, F.

. 1764

Beckett, W. .

. 1718

Bertier, J. E.

. 1768

Beckles, S. H.

. 1859

Bertrand, J. L. F. .

. 1875

Becquerel, A. C.

. 1837

Berzelius, J. J.

. 1813

Becquerel, A. E.

. 1888

Besant, W. H.

. 1871

Becquerel, A. H.

. 1908

Bessel, F. W.

. 1825

Beddard, F. E.

. 1892

Bessemer, H.

. 1879

Beddoe, J. .

. 1873

Best, G

. 1791

Bedford, Duke of

. 1741

Betham, A. W.

. 1835

Bedford, Duke of

. 1908

Betham, W

. 1828

Bedford, W. .

. 1745

Bethune, J. .

. 1773

Beechey, F. W.

. 1824

Beuninghen, C. van

. 1682

Beighton, H.

. 1720

Bevan, S

. 1725

Beilby, G. T. .

. 1906

Beverly, C. J.

. 1831

Bel, M. (see Belius

M.).

Bevis, J

. 1765

Belchier, J. .

. 1732

Bexley, Lord (see Vansittart, N.).

Belidor, B. F. de

. 1726

Bianchi, V

1710

Belius, M. .

. 1738

Bianchini, F.

. 1712

Bell, C.

. 1826

Bicheno, J. E.

. 1827

Bell, G.

. 1749

Bickersteth, R.

. 1858

Bell, I. L. .

. 1874

Bickerton, R. H. .

. 1810

Bell, J.

. 1824

Bicknell, J. L.

. 1821

Bell, J.

. 1884

Bidloo, G

. 1696

Bell, R.

. 1897

Bidwell, S

. 1886

Bell, T.

. 1828

Biggin, G

. 1802

Bellamy, J. W.

. 1834

Bignon, J. P.

. 1734

Sellers, F. .

. 1711

Bigsby, J. J

. 1869

Sellers, J. .

. 1718

Bigsby, R

. 1837

Bellin, J. N. .

. 1753

Billers,W

. 1726

Belluga, B. de

1780

Billing, A

. 1844

Belper, Edward, Lord . . . 1860

Bingley, R

. 1809

Bel ward (see Fisher, R.).

Binney, E. W.

. 1856

Beneden, P. J. van . . .1875

Biot, J. B

. 1815

Benham, W. B. S 1907

Birch, A. .

. 1673

Bennet, A. .... 1789

Birch, T. .

. 1734

B.-nnrt. If. G 1812

Bird, G

. 1846

Brnnrt. R. If. A 1767

Birkenhead, J.

. 1663

BennHt..J..I 1841

Bischoff, T. L. W. .

. 1868

f'x-nnett, J. R 1875

Bishop G.

1848

Bent ham, G 1862

Bishop, J.

'. 1844

Benfinck, .1 1765

Bisse, P

. 1705

B«-ntinfk. \V 1731

Bisshopp, C. .

. 1791

nick. \V 1787

Blackburne, J.

. 1794

Bmtlrv. R I <•>!».->

Blackhurne. S.

. 1681

Bantf ord-Hope, A* J. B. . . 1880

Blackburne, T.

. 1781

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF 1 \\ S

m

Blackford, B. P 1815

Blackman, F.F I'.MH;

Blackman, J Is-JT

Black well, J 1<>9'2

Blacow, R 1764

Blagden, C i

Blainville, H. M. D. de ... 1832

Blair, A L799

Blair, J 1765

Blair, P 171-J

Blake, B 1830

Blake, F 1746

Blake, H. W 1843

Blake, W 1807

Blake, W. J 1831

Blakistone, P 1841

Bland, M 1816

Bland, M 1821

Blane, G 1784

Blane, W 1795

Blanford, H. F. .... 1880

Blanford, W. T 1874

Blanshard, R 1827

Blanshard,W 1759

Blaquiere, Lord de . . . . 1803

Blaquiere, W 1805

Bligh, W 1801

Bliss, N 1742

Blizard, T 1803

Blizard,W 1787

Blore, E 1841

Blount,T 1664

Blumenbach, J. F 1793

Blyke, R 1773

Blythswood, Lord .... 1907

Boase,S. H 1837

Bode,J.E 1789

Boerhaave,H 1730

Boffrand, G 1744

Bogdani,W 1729

Bohadsch,J. B 1762

Boileau, J. P 1843

Boileau, J. T 1840

Bold, P. P. .

Boltzmann, L

Bon, F. Xavier . . . .1738

Bond,P

Bone, W. A

Bonet, L. F

Bon-Figliolo, S. .

Bonner,J.G. , . • 1840

Bonnet, C '• 743

Bonney,T.G

Boole, G.

Booth, B. . . .

Booth, C

Booth, F

Booth, J

Boothe,P

Bootle, R

Bootle,R.W

Borghese, M

Boringdon, Lord . •

Boringdon, Lord (see Parker, J.).

BorlMe, 0. 8.
Borlue.W. .

Bornrman. .1. I'

BoriH-t. .1. B. K

liorrvr. W

BoMoqnrt, B.
B<MM>qoet,R. II
Bounquot, 8.
BoBOovich, R. .J .
Bone.ti.M. .
Boatock, .1
Boeville. W. .
Bwworth. .1.
BoUi.-M. I:
Botfield,T. .
Bottomley, J. T.
Bottoni, 1). .
Bougainville, I.

Boughey, J. F

Boughton, C. W. H.
Boughton, W. I '

Bouguer, P

Bouillon. «!ur do (nee D'Auvergn*. P.).
Boulenger, G. A. .

Boultdn, M

Bourdelin, C. .

Bourne, A. G

Bourne, G. C.
Bourne, W. 8.
Bournon, J. L. de
Bouvard, A. .
Bouverie, E. P. .
Bovey, H. T.

Bovill.W

Bowditeh, N.

Bowdler, T

Bowdoin, J. .
Bowen,C.S.C. .

Bower, F. O

Bower, T.
Bowerbank, J. S. .

Bowes, M

Bowman, W.
Bowman, W.
Bowring, J. .

Boxer, E. M

Boyce, R. .
Boyer, J. B. .

Boyle, C

Boyle, Richard .

Boyle, Robert

Boylstone, Z.

Boy8,C.V. ..-

Boze,C. G. de

Braddon, L. .

Bradford, J. R. .

Bradley, J. . . .

Bradley, R. .

Brady, H. B

Brady, G. S. .

Braganza, Joano, Duqoe d« •

Bragg, W. H.

Braithwaitc. D. .

Brakenridge,W. .

vm

17.V

MH

1747

ITtt
I7H

1788
18tt

1814

1§M
I7H

IT.'J

law

MH
1802

im

1MI
1W2
1M7
1811
ITU
17M
MM
Wl

ITU

UN
1858
1908
1740

1881
1088
1798
I8H

171"

M8I
I8M

ran

im

1781

438

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Bramwell, F.J 1873

Bramwell, G. W. W. . . . 1882

Brand, T. . ... 1756

Brande, W. T. . . . 1809

Brander.G. . ... 1754

Brandis,D. . ... 1875

Brandreth, H. R. . . . 1841

Brandreth, T. S. . . . 1821

Brattle, W. . ... 1713

Brayley, E. W. . . . 1854

Brazil, Emperor of . . .1871

Breadalbane, Earl of . . . 1784

Breadalbane, Marquess of . . 1834

Bree, R 1808

Bregentved, Count of (see Moltke,

A. G.).
Bremond, F. de . . . .1740

Brereton, O. S 1762

Brereton, W 1663

Brewster, D 1815

Breynius, J. P. ... 1703

Brian9on, comte de 1706

Bridge, B 1812

Bridge, T. W 1903

Bridgeman, 0 1696

Bridgeman,W 1679

Bridgen, E 1777

Bridges, B 1726

Bridges, J 1708

Bridgewater, Earl of ... 1808

Bridgman, W 1821

Briggs, J 1838

Briggs, R 1693

Bright, R 1821

Brigstocke, 0 1710

Brinkley, J 1803

Brinton, W 1864

Brisbane, T. M 1810

Bristol, Earl of .... 1782

Bristol, Earl of .... 1805

Bristow,H.W 1862

Bristow, W 1742

Bristowe, J. S 1881

Broadbent, W. H 1897

Brockedon, W 1834

Brocklesby, R 1746

Broderip, C 1816

Broderip, W. J 1828

Brodie, B. C 1810

Brodie, B. C 1849

Brodie, J 1797

Brodie, T. G 1904

Brogger, W. C 1902

Bromfield, R 1779

Bromfield,T 1713

Bromhead, E. F 1817

Bromwich, T. J. I' A. . . . 1906

Brongniart, A 1825

Brongniart, A. T 1852

Brook, J 1663

Brooke, A. B. de C. . . . 1823

Brooke, C 1847

Brooke, de Capell (see Supple, R. B.).

Brooke, H. J. . . 1819

Brooke, J. . ... 1819
Brooke, W (see O'Shaughnessy).

Brookes, J 1819

Brookesbank, J 1751

Brougham, P. H. . . . 1803
Broughton, Lord (see Hobhouse, J. C.).

Broughton, R. E 1842

Broughton, S. D 1830

Broun, J. A 1853

Brouncker, Viscount . . . 1663

Broussonet, P. M. A. . . . 1782

Brown, A. C 1879

Brown, A. J 1911

Brown, E 1667

Brown, E. W 1898

Brown, H. T 1889

Brown, J 1902

"Brown, L 1729

Brown, N 1826

Brown, R 1811

Brown, W 1777

Browne, H 1797

Browne, I. H 1749

Browne, I. H 1770

Browne, J 1721

Browne, J. C 1883

Browne, T 1699

Browne, W 1738

Brownlow, Earl (see Cust, J.).

Brownlow, Lord .... 1738

Brownrigg, W. .... 1742

Brown-Sequard, E. . . . 1860

Bruce, D 1663

Bruce, D 1899

Bruce, J 1776

Bruce, J 1791

Bruce, J. L. K. (see Knight, J. L.).

Bruce, Lord 1663

Bruhl, J. M 1765

Brunei, I. K 1830

Brunei, M.I 1814

Bruni, G. L 1743

Brunswick, Duke of . . . 1664

Brunswick, Prince of ... 1764

Brunton, T. L 1874

Bryan, G. H 1895

Bryce, J 1893

Brydges, J 1694

Brydone, P 1773

Bryson, A 1854

Buccleuch, Duke of . . .1833
Buccleugh, Duke of (see Dalkeith,

Earl of).

Buch, L. von .... 1828

Buchan, A. . . . 1898
Buchan, Earls of (see under Cardross).

Buchanan, F 1806

Buchanan, G 1882

Buchanan, J. Y 1887

Buchner, A. E 1763

Buckingham, Duke of . . . 1663

Buckinghamshire, Earl of . . 1785

Buckland, W 1818

Bucknill, J. C 1866

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF FKLLOUS

Buckton, G. B.
Budd, G. .

1857

!s-u;

c

<•at.l~.ll D H

Budd, W. .
Buffon, G. L. L. .
Bugge, T. .
Buissiere, P. .
Buist, G.
Bulgaris, E. .
Bulkeley, R.
Buller, W. L.
Bullialdus, I.
Bunbury, C. J. F. .
Bunsen, R. W.
Burbury, S. H.
Burch, G. J.
Burge, W. .
Burgess, T. .
Burgoyne, J. F.
Burlington, Earl of
Burman, E. .

1671
1766

I7K.H

1666
1616

I7ss

1660

1879
1667
1851

IH.-.S

1890
1900
1840

1x07

17-2-2
1728

UMHMU, B. B.
CMfeU.W.A.

Qslfcrvood.'*

CaldwelU. .

Callendar, H 1
Callender. G. W. .
Calver, K
Calvert, B. L.

m

1711

i 1

Wm

!-.:_•

1*31
1640
I7M
1766

I-JI
ITT',

I6M
1691

Burnes, A. .
Burnes, J. .
Burnet (Burnett), G.
Burnet, G. .

1834

1S.T)

1723

Calvert, 1
Camac, W. .
Camden, Earl (see Pratt. <
Cameron. .). .

i - •

\m

!-• -

Burnet, J.

1837

Campbell, C. .

1" Kl

Burnet, T. .
Burnet, W. .

1838
1705

Campbell, F. (Lord)
Campbell. <

17"-!

1166

Burnett, T. .
Burnett, W. .

1748
1833

Campbell. H
Campbell, J. .

174,
171*

Burney, C.

1773

Campbell, J

Burney, C. .

1802

Campbell, J. .

1766

Burney, C. P.
Burney, J.
Burns, J.
Burnside, W.
Burrard, S. G.
Burrell, P. .
Burroughs, W.

1814
1809
1830
1893
1904
1752
1817

Campbell, J. .
Campbell, J.( Lord)
Campbell, J. E. .
Campbell-Johnston (see Johnston,
A. R.).
Camper,?. . ...
Camus, C. fi. L.

M6
1666

1730

r-.j

Burrow, E. J.
Burrow, J. .
Burrow, R. .
Burrows, G. .
Burt, T. S. .
Burton, D. .
Burton, E. .
Bury, E.
Bury, T.
Burzynski, T. J. .
Busby, J.

1818
1737
1762
1847
1836
1832
1836
1844
1718
1769
1719
1758

Canning, G. .
Canning, G. . ...
Cannizzaro, S.
Canterbury, Abp.of (see Howley, W.).
Canterbury, Abp.of (seeSheldon. G.).
Canterbury, Abp.of (seeSumner
Canterbury, Abp. of (see Tait, A
Canterbury, Abp. of (see TQIot-
son, J.).
Canton, J
Cantwell, A
Canvane P .

ism
1886
1666

1749
H66
1961

Busk, G.
Bute, Marquess of .
Bute, Marquess of .

1850
1799
1818
1819

Cape.J
Capeller, M. A. de .
Capello.P. A
Capper R

Is'.J

I7J,

1>7

Butler, S. .

"Rnff T TIT

1822
17B7

Caraccioli. D.
Carafa G

1765
I7A6

1822

Caramanioo, Prince «

1761

Buxton, G. .

1779

17APJ

Carbery, Earl of (see Vaughan. Lord).

17.--

Buys, W.
Byng,G.S. .
Byrd W

1841
1696

Carburi, G. B.
Card. H.

IT./,

Byrom, J. .

1723
1816

Cardigan, Earl of
Cardroas, Lord

l.n
1763

Bysshe, E. .

1663

Cardross, Lord

1760

440

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Cardwell,E 1873

Carkes8,J 1663

Carleton, R 1826

Curlini, F 1832

Carlisle, A 1804

Carlisle, Bp. of (see Douglas, J.).
Carlisle, Bp. of (see Goodenough, S.).
Carlisle, Bp. of (see Nicolson, W.).

Carlisle, Earl of .... 1665

Carlisle, N 1814

Carmarthen, Marquess of . . 1773

Carnac, J 1772

Carnac, J. R 1838

Carnarvon, Earl of . . . . 1841

Carnarvon, Earl of . . . . 1875

Carne,J 1818

Carnegie, D 1799

Carpenter, G 1729

Carpenter, P. H 1885

Carpenter, W. B 1844

Carpue,J.C 1817

Carr, R. J 1831

Carr,T.W 1815

Carr,W 1727

Carr,W. H 1806

Carrington, C. E 1800

Carrington, Lord .... 1800

Carrington, Lord .... 1839

Carrington, R. C 1860

Carruthers, W 1871

Carson, J 1837

Carstairs, J 1811

Carter, H. J 1859

Carteret,P 1664

Cartwright, — .... 1716

Cartwright, E 1821

Cartwright, S 1841

Carvalho e Mello, S. J. de . . 1740

Cary, W 1727

Carysfort, Earl of .... 1779

Casaux, marquis de 1780

Casey, J 1875

Cash, J. T 1887

Cashel, Abp. of (see Nicolson, W.).

Cassano, Prince de . . . . 1722
Cassillis, Earl of . . . .1819

Cassini,J 1697

Cassini, J. D 1672

Cassini,J. D 1789

Cassini de Thury, C. F. . . .1750

Castell, E 1673

Castell, L. B 1730

Castiglione, G. S. da . . 1745

Castle, G 1668

Castlecomer, Viscount . . . 1754

Castlemain, Viscount . . . 1746

Castlereagh, Viscount . . . 1802

Castro-Sarmento, J. de . . . 1729

Catesby.M 1733

Catton, T 1821

Cauchy, A. L 1832

raulfeild, W. T 1778

iont, J. deS 1740

Caumont, R. . 1754

Cautley, P. T 1846

Cavallo, T 1779

Cave, T 1778

Cavendish, H 1760

Cavendish, Lord . . . .1663

Cavendish, Lord C. . . . 1727
Cavendish. Lord J. . . .1719

Cavendish, W 1829

Caverhill, J 1769

Cawdor, Lord (see Campbell, J.).

Cayley,A 1852

Celesia, P 1757

Celsius, A 1735

Cerati, G 1735

Cervi,J 1736

Chabert, Marquis de . .1764

Chadwick, — .... 1696

Challis,J 1848

Chalmers, G 1791

Chaloner, R. . . . . . 1811

Chamberlain, J 1882

Chamberlayne, E 1668

Chamberlayne, J 1702

Chamberlen, H. . . . . 1681

Chambers, C 1869

Chambers, E 1729

Chambers, W 1776

Chambers, W.F 1828

Chamier,A 1767

Chandler, G 1833

Chandler, J 1734

Chandler, S 1754

Chandos, Duke of (see Brydges, J.).
Chanteloup, comte de (see Chaptal,
J. A.).

Chantrey, F 1818

Chapelle, J. B. de la . . .1747

Chapman, J. J 1836

Chapman, S. R 1816

Chapman, T 1842

Chappelow, L 1792

Chaptal, J. A 1825

Chardellou,J 1702

Chardin,J 1682

Charlemont, Viscount . . . 1755
Charleville, Viscount . . .1803

Charles II, King . . . 1664
Charles, Prince of Brunswick . .1764

Charleton,R 1748

Charlton, W 1663

Chase, S 1724

Chasles,M 1854

Chatham, Earl of (see Pitt, W.).

Chattaway, F. D 1907

Chaulnes, due de (see Picquigny).

Chaumette, L. A. de la . . . 1826

Chauncy, C 1740

Chauveau, J. B. A 1889

Chelmsfprd, Lord (see Thesiger, F.).

Chenevix,R 1801

Cherson, Abp. of (see Bulgaris, E.).

Cheselden, W 1711

Chesney, F. R 1834

Chester, Bp. of (see Law, G. H.).

ALPHABETICAL LIST Ol FELLOWS HI

Chester, Bp. of (see Pearson, J.).
Chester, Bp. of (see Sparke, B. E.).
Chester, Bp. of (see Wilkins, -I.).
Chesterfield, Earl of ...
Chesterfield, Earl of ...

Cheston, R. B

Chetwode,J

Chetwynd, W

Chevalier, J

Chevalier, T

Chevreul, M. E

Cheyne, G

Cheyne, W. W

Chichester, Bp. of (see Carr, R. J.).
Chichester, Earl of (see Pelham, T.).

Childers, H. C. E

Children, J. G

Chisholm, C

Cholmondeley, Earl of (see New-
borough, Lord).

Chree,C

Christie, J. R

Christie, S.H

Christie, W. H. M

Christian VII, King of Denmark

Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark

Christmas, H.

Church, A. H

Churchill, Lord ....

Churchill, Lord .

Churchill, W

Chute, F

Cigna, G. F

Clairaut,A. C

Clanricarde, Earl of ...

Clare, M

Clarence, Duke of .

Clarendon, Earl of.

Clarendon, Earl of.

Clark, A

Clark, F.LeG

Clark, J

Clark, J

Clark, L

Clark, W

Clarke, A. R.

Clarke, C. B

Clarke, C. M

Clarke, G. S

Clarke, J. L. .

Clarke, J. S

Clarke, L. L

Clarke, S

Clarke, S

Clarke, T

Clarke, T

Clarke, W. B.

Clarke, W. S

Clarke, W. T.

Claudet, A. J. F

Clausius, R. J. E. .

Clavell.W

Clavering, D. C.
Clayton, J. .

1706

ITTf,
I7M
1776
1677
17:. 4
1819
1826
1701

1807

1XOS

1897

1847

1826

1881

1768

1822

1842

1888

1818

1832

1664

1742

1764

1737

1753

1735

1827

1664

1684

1885

1872

1799

1832

1889

1836

1862

1882

I s-jr,

1896

1854

1792

1820

1728

1735

1663

1754

1876

1821

1837

1853

1868

1704

1824

1663

Clayton. R

Clayton. R.
CWand.J
flenchr, A.

"»
'

Clerk. l>

..-, F. H. 8.

ciiir..i.l.\\ K
CUbfd-Afflmti
ciitt.W.
Clifton. C. .
( 'lifton, F. .
T,, M. \V.
Clifton. K.B.
Clinr. H. . . .

Clive,Lord .

Clogher, Bp. of (see Ache, St. G., «od

Clayton, 1

Clonfert. Bp. of (nee LAW.
Cloyne, Bp. of (see Brtnkle\
Clutterbuck, T. .
( 'liiverus, D. .
Cobbold,T.S.
Cocchi,A .....

Cock,G ......

Cockayne, L. ....

Cockburn, G .....

Cockburn, W .....

Cockle, J ......

Cocks, J.

Cocks, R ......

Cockshutt. .1 .....

Coddington, H .....

Codrington, E .....

Cohen, F ......

Cohen, J. B .....

Cohn,F.

Colby, T. .

Colchester, Baron (see Abbot, C.).

Cole, Viscount .

Colebrooke, H. T .....

Colebrooke, J.

Colebrooke, J. E .....

Coleman, A. P .....

( 'nil-Ill. i II. E ......

Colenso, W. .

Colepeper (Collepepyr). T. .

Coleraine, Lonl

Coleridge, Lord

Collet, P. .

Colleton.P. .

Collie, J.N ......

Collier, C .....

Collignon, C. .
Collingwood, G. L, X.
Collins..!. • •

Collinson, P ......

.-•

!- |

!..-.

I • -

i •

M .

1667
1797

MM

1-. • :

MM

i. H

i •• • ,

MM
MM
MM

ma

17M

IMI

i*ji
Ittll
IMI
MM

MM
MM

MH
IMI
MH
IMS
16M
I1M

1711
l«77
MM
1810

I77-.

IMf

HM

442

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Colquhoun, J. N
Colson J
Colvile.J. \V
Colwull. D
r.,lwall,D
C,.hvall,J
Combe, C
Combe, T
Common, A. A
Comyn, J
Conduitt, J
Congreve,W

1830
1713
1875
1663
1676
1668
1776
1807
1885
1760
1718
1811

Connaught and Strathearn, Duke of 1906

Connell, A ...... 1855

Connor, B ...... 1695

Connor, Bp. of Down and (see

Smith, E.).

Conolly, A ...... 1839

Conolly, V ...... 1804

Conroy, J ...... 1891

Consort, the Prince . . .1840

Constable, W ..... 1775

Conti, A. de' ..... 1715

Con way, Lord .... 1667

Conybeare, W. D ..... 1819

Cook, J ...... 1776

Cook, T ...... 1840

Cooke, B ...... 1735

Cooke, E. W ..... 1863

Cooke, J ...... 1821

Cooksey, J ...... 1754

Cooper, A. P ..... 1802

Cooper, B. B ..... 1829

Cooper, C. P ..... 1832

Cooper, E.J ..... 1853

Cooper, J. H ..... 1819

Cooper, S ...... 1846

Cooper, W ...... 1776

Cope,J.M ...... 1765

Copeland, T ...... 1834

Copeman, S. A. M ..... 1903

Copland, J ...... 1833

Copley, G ...... 1691

Copley, J. S ...... 1826

Copping, J ...... 1740

Copplestone, J ..... 1666

Corbaux, F ...... 1834

Corbet, R ...... 1665

Cork, Bp. of (see Clayton, R.).

Cork and Orrery, Earl of . . .1746

Cork and Ross, Bp. of (see Weten-

hall, E.).

Cornaro, F ...... 1708

Cornish. S ...... 1748

f'nrnn. A ...... 1884

Correa «!«• S.-HM. .1 ..... 1795

<'orrir, .J ...... 1820

Oony, 1 ...... 1811

Coste, P ...... 1742

Cotes, R ...... 1711

Cotes worth. (' ..... 1718

Cotterill..!. H ..... 1878

Cotton, E ...... 1663

Cotton, J. . . 1810

Cotton, R, S 1774

Cotton, W 1821

Courland, Duke of . . . .1771

Courthope, P 1668

Coutinho, L. P. de Sousa . . . 1787
Coutinho, M. A. de A. . . .1736

Cowell,P. H 1906

Cowley, J. L 1768

Cowper, Earl . . . .1732
Cowper, Earl . . . .1777
Cowper, Earl . . . .1809

Cowper, W 1698

Cowper, W 1706

Cox, W.S 1836

Coxe,D 1664

Coxe, T. (M.D.) .... 1663

Coxe, T 1663

Coxe, W 1782

Coyer, F. G 1766

Cracherode, C. M 1785

Craig, J 1711

Cramer, G 1748

Crampton, P 1812

Crathorne, H 1795

Craufurd, P. G 1774

Crawford, A 1786

Crawford, Earl of .... 1732

Crawford, J 1818

Crawford and Balcarres, Earl of (see

Lindsay, Lord).

Crawford and Lyndsay, Earl of . 1663

Crawys,S. . ' . . . 1718

Cray, J 1730

Creak, E. W 1885

Creed, J 1663

Creed, J 1742

Creel, F. L. F 1788

Cremona, L 1879

Cressener, H 1709

Cresswell,D 1823

Creuze,A.F. B 1842

Crewe, Lord 1841

Crichton, A 1800

Crisp, J 1788

Crisp, T 1666

Crivelli,G 1733

Croft, J 1818

Crofton,M. W 1868

Crofts, T 1776

Croke,G 1676

Croker, J. W 1810

Croll, J 1876

Cromarty, Earl of (see Tarbat, Lord).

Crombie, A 1829

Cromer, Earl of . . . .1911

Cronhelm, A. H. de . . . 1725

Crookes, W 1863

Croone,W 1663

Cross, R. A 1879

Crosse,J. G 1836

Crossley,A.W 1907

Crozier, F. R, M 1843

Cruickshank, W 1802

Cruikshank, W 1797

ALPHABETICAL LIST oi FELLOWS

Crull, J.

Crum, W. ^ .

Cruquius, N.

Crusius, L. .

Cubitt, W. .

Cullen, W. .

Cullum, J. .

Cullum, T. G.

Cumberland, Duke of

Cumberland, Duke of

Cumberland, Duke of .

Cuming, A. .

Cumming, J.

Cunha, A. A. da .

Cunningham, D. D.

Cunningham, D. J.

Cunningham, J.

Cureton, W. .

Curling, T. B.

Currey, F. .

Currey, G. C.

Currie, J.

Cursetjee, A.

Curtius, W. .

Curzon of Kedleston, Lord

Cushny, A. R

Cust, E.

Cust, J.

Cuthbert, J.

Cutler, J.

Cuvier, G.

Cuvier, G. L.

Cyprianus, A

Cyrillo, N.

Czernichew, Count .

D'Ablancourt, F. .
Da Costa, E. M. .

Da Costa, M

Dagge, H. .
D'Alembert, J. le R.
D' Alev a Dehn, C. .
Dalkeith, Earl of .
Dallinger, W. H. .
Dalrymple, —
Dalrymple, A.

Dalrymple, J.

Dalrymple, J.

Dalton, H

Dalton, J. .

Damoiseau, M. C. T.

Dana, J. D

Daniell, E. R.

Daniell,J.F.

Danvers, J. .

d'Aragona, N. A. (see Cassano).

Darboux, G

D'Arcy, J

Dargent, J. .

D' Argenville, A. J. de Sallier .

Darker, J

Darnley, Earl of .

Darnley, Earl of .

1681

Isll

1764
1880

1777

1775

1787

1760

1780

1828

17-Jo

1816

1668

lss<>

1891

HUM!

ISMS

1850
1858
1810
1702
1841
1667

1007
1834
1805
1765
1664
1806
1835
1700
1726
1747

1684

1747

1736

1770

1748

1720

1723

1880

1718

1771

1706

1840

1816

1822

1832

1884

1828

1814

1724

1002
1720
1768
1740
1768
1737
1810

Darnley. Kar I of ..
Dartmouth. Karl .i
Dartmouth

Dartmouth. K,rl „( .^

Darwin. ('. K.

Darwin. K

Darwin «.. H
Darwin H
Darwin. I'. U
Daachaw, Paul, l*riix.

DaHhwOod. F.

l>.\n',.r, . «.

D'Aubai

Daubenton. I. .1 M

Dauben

Daubr6e,G. A.

D' Aumont de Roche Uroo. LMbdw

D Auvergne, P.

Davall, P.

Davenport .

Dave y, Lord .

Davii T. \\

Davkfeon,.J

Davi«Uoii. T.

Daviel,J. .

Davies, G. .

Da vies, J. .

Da vies, R. .

Davies, S. .

Davies, T. .

Davies, T. S. .

Davila, P. .

Davis, H.

Davis, J. B. .

Davis, J. F. .

Davis, R. H. .

Davy, E.

Davy, H. .

Davy, J.

Davy, M.

Dawes, W. R.

Dawkins, H. .

Dawkins, J. .

Dawkins, J. -

Dawkins, W. B. .

Dawson. G. M.

Dawson, J. W.

Day.G. E. .

Day, J.

Day.T.

Dayrolles. S. .

Dealtry, \V. .

Deane, A.

Deane.W. .

De Bary, A.

De Born. I . .

Debus, H. .

Deoaianc, .1

De Candolle, A. .

DeCandolle,A I'

De Dumas, V.

De Ferrare, Lord .

iMt

IfTf

174«.

\m

1791

i-.-:
1MI

i- .-

KM

MM
17*

\m

1*41
1868

in*

1896
H8I
MM

HM

1885

17&5
KfU
1887
1881
1888
KM
KIM
MM

1741

mi

! i> I

I8M

444

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Degge, S

1723

Dickinson, J.

. 1854

1730

Dickson, T. .

. 1770

De Grey, Earl

1841

Diescau, J. A.

. 1716

De Grey and Ripon. Karl

1860

Digby, K. .

. 1663

DeGrey, T. . .

1778

Dillenius, J. J.

. 1724

Deidier. A

1723

Dillon, C.

. 1767

De la Beche, H. T

1819

Dillwyn, L. W. .

. 1804

De la Brede (see Montesquieu).

Dimsdale, N.

. 1805

De la Faye. C

] 725

Dimsdale, T.

. 1769

Delafield, J

1835

Dines, W. H.

. 1905

Delambre, J. B. J

1791

Dingley, R. .

. 1748

DelaPrynie, A

1701

Diodate, J. .

. 1724

De la Rive, A. A

1846

Dirichlet, G. L.

. 1855

DelaRue, W

1850

Dirom, A. .

. 1794

Delaunay, C. E

1869

Disney, J. .

. 1832

Delaval, E. H

1759

Disraeli, B. .

. 1876

1728

Dittmar, W. .

. 1882

Del Bene, T

1695

• Divers, E. .

. 1885

De Lionne, H. L

1665

Dixey, F. A. .

. 1910

De Lisle, J. N

1723

Dixon, A. ...

. 1748

De Luc, J. A

1773

Dixon, A. C. .

. 1904

De Moivre, A

1697

Dixon, A. L. .

. 1912

De Morgan, C. G

1861

Dixon, H. B.

. 1886

Dendy, A.

1908

Dixon, H. H.

. 1908

Denham, D. .

1826

Dixon, J.

. 1773

Denham, H. M

1839

Dixon, R.

. 1811

Denham, J. .

1663

Dixon, W. .

. 1729

Denham, J. F

1841

Dixon, W. E.

. 1911

Denison, W. T

1838

Dobbie, J. J. .

. 1904

Denman, T

1833

Dobson, G. E.

. 1883

Denmark, Christian VII, King of

1768

Dobson, M. .

. 1778

Denmark, Crown Prince of

1822

Dobson, R. .

. 1835

Denmark, Prince George of

1704

Dobyns, J. .

. 1723

Dent, J

1811

Dod, P.

. 1729

Derby, Earl of (see Stanley, Lord).
Dereham, T

1720

Dodgson, C. .
Dodson, J. .

. 1762

. 17 :>.->

Derham, W

1702

Dohrn, A. .

. 1899

Derry, Bp. of (see Bristol, Earl of).

Dolaeus, J. .

. 1692

DeRuischer,M

1729

Dolben, J. .

. 1665

Desaguliers, J. T

1714

Dollond, G. .

. 1819

Desaguliers, T

1780

Dollond, J. .

. 1761

De Saussure, H. B.

1788

Domcke, G. P.

. 1734

Des Cloizeaux, A. L. 0. .

1875

Donati, V. .

. 1757

Desfontaines, R. .

1833

Donders, F. C.

. 1866

Des Maizeaux, P. .

1720

Donkin, B. .

. 1838

Despretz, C. M

1862

Donkin, R. S.

. 1826

d'Este, F. M. (see Modena, Prince of).

Donkin, W. F.

. 1842

De Vaux, T

1665

Donnan, F. G.

. 1911

Devonshire, Duke of

1747

Donoughmore, Earl of .

. 1865

Devonshire, Duke of ...

1761

Doo,G.T. .

. 1851

Devonshire, Duke of ...

1892

Doody,S. .

. 1695

Devonshire, Duke of (see Cavendish,

Doppelmayer, J. G.

. 1733

Lord).

Dorchester, Marquess of .

. 1663

Devonshire. Ivirl of ...

1663

D'Orci,G. .

. 1716

De Vrics. H

1905

Dorislaus, I. .

. 1681

Druar, .]. . . . . .

1877

Dorset, Earl of

. 1665

DC \YoniH. l5.-ir.ui II.

1889

Dorset, Earl of

. 1698

DiMin. T. F.

1821

Douglas, A. .

. 1793

Dirkrnson. K. ....

1677

Douglas, C. .

. 1770

Dio-kcnson. .1.

1814

Douglas, F. S. N. .

. 1817

Dickie. C

1881

Douglas, G. .

. 1732

Die-kin-;. A. .

1722

Douglas, G. .

. 1830

Dickinson, C. ....

1800

Douglas, H. .

. 1816

Dickinson. -1. ....

1845

Douglas, J. .

. 1706

ALPHABETICAL LIST <>l FELLOWS

Douglas, J. .
Douglas, J. .
Douglas, Lord George
Douglas, Marquess of
Douglas, S. .
Douglas, W. .
Douglas, W. .
Douglas, W. R. K. .
Douglass, J. N.
Dove, H. W. .
Down and Connor,

Smith, E.).
Downe, Viscount .
Downes, J. .
Downing, A. M. W.
Downshire, Marq. of

borough,. Earl of).
D'Oyly, G. .
Drake, F.
Drake, J.
Drew, R.

Dreyer, C. W. de .
Drory, G. W.

Drummond, H.

Drummond, W.

Drury, H. .

Drury, T. .

Dry, H.

Dryden, J. .

Duane, M.

Dublin, Abp. of (see King, W

du Bois, C. .

Du Bois-Reymond, E. H.

Ducarel, A. C.

Ducie, Earl of

Ducie, Lord .

Duckett, G. .

Duclos, C. .

Duddell, W. .

Dudley, C. .

Dudley, M. .

Dudley, P. .

Du Fay, C. F. de C.

Dufferin and Claneboye, Lord

Dugood, W. .

Du Hamel du Monceau, H. L

Duillier, J. C. F. de

Duillier, J. N. F. de

Duliolo, R. .

Dulong, P. L.

Dumaresq, D.

Dumas, J. B. A.

Dummer, T.

Dummer, T. L.

Du Moulin, J.

Duncan, A. .
Duncan, J. M.
Duncan, P. M.
Duncan, W. .
Dundas, R. A.
Dundas,T. .
Dungarvan, Lord
Dunkin, E. .
Dunstan, W. R.

1790

Duitotanvillf. lian.li tlr

•

.

1778

IM7

.

IM

Du|i|ilin. Vboouot

171 1

.

i *%< cj

1 )njir«-. A

.

I7M

i • ,

1711

itxl. D. .

! . /'

.

1SIM»

.

i ,

.

l.vjii

Duroure. K

1

1887

Duroure, •'

1 "*"

,

1860

Dutens. I.

Bp. o

(see

•

Duv.M. K. 1

1741

Duval. P.

§

1760

Dwarris, P. W. 1

1^47

.

1667

.

'•'•'

,

1896

Dyer, 8. .

' (see

Hills

1 -•'.

Dyson, F. U .

!'••'

(

1815

1736

1701

Barnes, ti. .

. HM

1839

I

i :-••

1783

Eanl

i -«. ;

1836

Eardley-Wilmot..!. K .

1839

Earle. H

IM

1799

Earle, J.

. 1794

1818

Earle, W. B. .

1758

East, E. . .

. 1799

1730

East. \\

IM

1663

Eastlake.C 1

l*';*

1763

Eastwick, E. B. .

. 1851

ling, W

Eaton, S.

. 1797

1700

Ebrington, Viscount

1 ft77

. 1761

.

lo 1 i

1762

Eckhardt, A. G. .

1855

Eden. \V

\~.*'<

1814

Edgcumbe, R.

. 1676

1808

Edge worth, L.

1 •*_'_'

•

1764
1907

Edgworth, R. L. .
Edinburgh, Duke of

IM

1753

Edmonstone, N. B.

IM

*

1703

Edward, Duke of York .

. 1760

•

1721
1728

Edward VII, King (we Albc
Edward, Prince of Wales).

rt

re Lore

1865

Edwards, B

1794

1728

Edwards, G

i,H.L

1734
1706

Edwards, J
Edwards, W. F. .

I " !

IM

•

1687
1712
1826

Edye.J
Edye, J.
Effen, J. van

IM

. 1841

. 171.'.
ifli i

1761

Egan,T. . -

lal 1

1 ~ S 1

1840

Egerton, F. H. .

\ . * 1

•

1773
1731
1667
1798
1883
1868
1771
1833
1768

Egerton, P. de M. G.
Egmont, Earl of .
Egmont, Earl of (see Perorate, J..
Egremont, Earl of .
Ehrenberg, C. G. .
Khret, G. D.
Khrlii-h. I'.
Kltlon, Earl of (we >
Elford, W.

. 1797
. 1837

. 1910

1790

i - 1

1663

i
. 1895

•

1876
1893

KliMU.'xN :

. 1815

44<>

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Ellery, R. L. J

1873

Everett, J. D

1879

Ellesmere, Earl of .

1860

Eversley, Lord (see Lefevre, G. J. S.).

Ellicott, J

1738

Ewart, J. C

1893

Elliot C ....

1851

Ewer, W

1840

Elliot, G

1834

Ewing, J. A.

1887

Elliot, J

1776

Exeter, Bp. of (see Lyttelton, C).

Elliot, J

1811

Exeter, Bp. of (see Ward, S.).

Elliot, W. . . .

1878

Exeter, Earl of ....

1767

Elliotson, J. .

1829

Exeter, Earl of ....

1800

Elliott, C

1835

Eyre, J

1791

Klliott,C.B

1832

Eyre,K

1726

Elliott. E. B

1891

Eyre, R

1767

Kills. A

1663

Kllis. A. J

1864

F

Kllis. G

1797

Faget, J. B

1752

Ellis, G. A

1816

Fagnani, G. C. de .

1723

Ellis, H

1749

Fahrenheit, D. G

1724

Ellis, H

1811

, Fairbairn, W

1850

Ellis, H

1819

Fairfax, H. C

1727

Kllis. .1

1754

Falconer, H

1845

Kllis. .1

1774

Falconer, W. ....

1773

Ellis, J

1801

Fallows, F

1820

Ellis, T. F

1847

Fane, F

1663

Ellis, W

1745

Faraday, M

1824

Kllis. W

1893

Faria, G. de

1682

Ellys, A

1723

Farmer, J. B

1900

Elmsley, P

1814

Farmer, R

1791

Elphinstone, G. K.

1790

Farquhar, R. T

1820

Elphinstone, H.

1832

Farquharson, J. .

1830

Else, J

1778

Farr, S

1779

Elwes, H. J

1897

Farr,W

1770

Ely, Bp. of (see Laney, E.).

Farr, W

1855

Emlyn, T

1768

Farrar, F. W

1866

Emmet, M. .

1697

Farre, A

1839

Encke, J. F

1825

Fauquier, F. ....

1753

Enderby, C. .

1841

Fauquier, W. ....

1746

Englefield, H. C

1778

Fawcett, H. ....

1882

Knniskillen, Earl of (see Cole, Vis-

Fawconer, J. ....

1735

count).

Fayrer, J

1877

Ent, G

1663

Feake, C

1748

Ent, G

1676

Featherstonhaugh, G. W.

1835

Ericeyra, Conde da (see Xavier de

Fellowes, J. ....

1816

Mcnezes).

Fellowes, W

1704

Krichsen, J. E.

1876

Fellowes, W

1708

Krh-. W

1860

Fellowes, W

1731

Knnan, ( J. A.

1873

Felton, S

1762

Krnian, P

1827

Fenton, H. J. H

1899

Krskinc, R. .

1771

Fenton, W

1723

Ki-kine, T

1787

Ferguson, J. ....

1763

Erskyn (Aer^kine), W. .

1663

Ferguson, R. ....

1805

Essex, Earl of ....

1737

Fergusson, F.

1798

Esson. \\'

1869

Fergusson, J.

1863

Kthmdge, R

1871

Fergusson, W. ....

1848

KllIlT. I

1746

Fermor, T. W

1805

Kustacr. .M

1667

Ferner, B

1760

A. .1. ....

1901

Feronce, J. B. de .

1764

KVJIIIS. F. .!.()

1862

Ferrari, D

1723

KvaTis.-I. .....

1864

Ferrers, Earl ....

1761

Kvans. L.

1823

Ferrers, N. M

1877

Kvr. M

1681

Ferrier, D

1876

Kvclyn, ( J

L829

Ferris, S

1797

• n, J. .

1663

Festing, E. R

1886

Evelyn, .!

Everest. (I. .

1722
1827

Fetherstonhaugh, M. .
Field, A. M. . .

1752
1905

ALPHA HETICAL LIST Ol PBLLOWfl

Field, F.
Field, J.

MM

1 s'U.

Ford.R. .

llV.nrl..^. ft

:• -

Fielding, G. H. .
Fife, Earl of .
Filenius, P. .

17K7
1707

roruvw. <t. .
Fordyoe. \\

Fonney, >

i.- . .

ran

Filon, L. N. G.

I'tlu

rornajMum. I. A. .

Pnr.k.11 1

MM

Finch, D. .

It ids

rorHhuii. .1. .

lfrnij.tj.tr IT

UH

Finch, H. .
Finch, J.
Finch, T.

1742

MM

1 SI | 1

ror«t<T. K. .

FofMlfT. K. .
Ifmr-t i f o

l-,l
UH

Finlater, Earl of (see Seafield, Vis-
count).
Finlay, J
Firmin, T. . .
Fischer, E
Fischer, J. B.

17ss
HIT!)
IS!»!>
1744

rorster, t) . 1

'

Fowter.N. .
Foreter, 'I
Foreter, T. .

Forsui. \ r

IM
1706

im

l«75

i

Fischer, W. L. F. .

I S.V,

Fort/*«Min riff Vivian 1 — 1 1 > t «

Fisher, G. .

1886

Tini^ treom, LOW (m Ahoo,

J. r.).

Fisher, J

ISlM

FortiH A

i

Fisher, R. .

J7(|(>

FoHTJiritii M

: • •
.

Fitton, W. H.

1815

FoHfpr T1 IM \*vt>

' •

,

Fitz-Clarence, G
Fitzgerald, G. F
FitzGerald, K.

1820
1883
1756

Fosi

Fost.-r. H
Foster 1

• - 1
i,,.,

MM

IMM

Fitzgerald, M.

1813

Foster J 1

IW9

! , I .,

Fitzgerald, W. V
Fitzhardinge, Viscount .
Fitzherbert, W
FitzRoy, R
Fitzwilliam of Meryon, Viscount .
Fitzwilliam of Meryon, Viscount
Fizeau, H. L
Flams teed, J.
Flatman, T
Fleming, J
Fleming, J. A.
Fletcher, I
Fletcher, L

1816
1668
1762
1851
1747
1789
1875
1676
1668
1813
1892
1855
1889

Foster, M. .
Fothergill, A.
Fothergill, J
Foucault, J. B. L. .
Fouchy, J. P. G. de
Fourmont, E. . .
Fourmont, M.
Fournier, G.
Fourier, J. B. J
Fowler, A
Fowler, R
Fo\\ DC<. < ;. .
Fox, R. W

tin
ITU

IT- :
Ml
1740

ITU
1>.

Isj.i
I'-lo

IM

im

i^^

Fletcher, T.W
Fleury, F. W. de .
Flight, W
Flourens, M. J. P
Flower, —
Flower, W. H
Fludyer, T
Fly, H
Folard f!

1839
1715
1883
1835
1667
1864
1767
1781
1749

Fox, W.
Fraizer, A
Franck, J
Franck-von-Franckenau. (J. .
Francois de Chaumont. F. S. B.
Frankland, E.
Frankland, P. F. .
Frankland, T
Frankland, T.

itn

i.,.:
MB
MM
MM
MM

|V.|

im

Foley, Lord

1740

Frankland, W. .

I9M

Foley, R
Foley, T
Folkes, M
Folkes, M
Folkes, W
Folkes W B

1708
1696
1714
1772
1726
1834

Franklin. B
Franklin. .1
Franklin, J
Franklin. \V. ....
Franks, A. W.
Franks, N

L7M
1823
19»
MM

I^TI
1764

1795

Franks, W

ITtl

Fontenelle, B. le B. de .

1732

1858

Franks, W. .
Fraser, A . .

isll

Forbes, E
Forbes, G

1845

1887
i cflQ

Fnwer, T. R.
Fraser, W. .

1171

MM

Forbes, J
Forbes, J
Forbes, J.D
Forbes, W. N
Ford. H.

1829
1832
1822
1663

Frederick ; aft. Prince of Wde» .
Frederick, C..
Frederick Augusta* 11. King of
Saxony •

11M
17S9

MM

448

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Frederick William IV, King of Prussia

1842

1797

Freind, J

1711

Freire C R

1791

Freke, J

1729

Freman, W. .....

1735

Frere, G. E

1837

Frere H B E

1877

Frere, J

1771

Freshfield, J. W

1834

Fresnel, A. J.

1825

Friend, M. C

1820

Fries, E.M

1875

Frisi, P

1757

Frobenius, J. S. A. .

1729

Frodsham, W. J

1839

Fronchin, T

1762

Frost, P

1883

Froude, R. E

1894

Froude, W

1870

Fry, E

1883

Fryer, J

1697

Fullarton, W

1779

Fuller, J

1704

Fuller, J

1726

Fuller, R

1732

Fullerton, W

1732

G

Gabry, P

1753

Gadow, H. F

1892

Gaertner, J

1761

Gage, J

1824

Gage, Viscount ....

1728

Gairdner, W. T

1893

Gale, R

1717

Gale, T

1677

Gallean, C. H. A

1763

Galliani, C

1734

Gallitzin, Prince ....

1798

Galloway, T

1834

Gallucci, —

1706

Galton, D

1859

Galton, F

1860

Galton, S. . .

1785

Galvao, A. .

1725

Gambier, J. .

1737

Gamble, F. W

1907

Gamble, J. S

1899

Gamgee, A. .

1872

Garangeot, R. J. < .

1728

in, L. .....

1730

Garden, A

1773

Gardiner, J. S.

1908

Gardiner, S.J

1816

liner, \V

1890

•1. A. B

1858

(inrrod, A. K. ....

1910

id, A. H.

1876

.,w, W

1807

•n.S

1706

Ciiithshore, M

177r,

. ,Hi. Lord (see Canning. (J.).

Gascoigne, B.

1667

Gaskell, W. H 1882

Gaskin, T 1839

Gassiot, J. P 1840

Gaubius, H. D 1764

Gaudry,A 1895

Gauss, C. F J804

Gay,N 1798

Gay, R 1718

Gay-Lussac, J. L 1815

Geach, F 1767

Gee, 0 1717

Geekie, A 1710

Gegenbaur, C 1884

Geikie,A 1865

Geikie, J 1875

Gell, W 1807

Genevois, J. A 1761

•Geoffrey, C. J 1715

Geoffroy, E. F 1698

George, Prince of Wales . . .1727

George I, King .... 1727

George II, King .... 1727

George III, King .... 1760

George IV, King . . . 1820
George V, King (see York, Duke of).

Georges, J 1719

Gerdes, H. W 1726

Gersten, C. L 1733

Giacometti, M. A 1740

Gibbes, G. S 1796

Gibbon, E 1788

Gibbs,J 1729

G'ibbs.J.W 1897

Giddy, D 1791

Giffen, R 1892

Gilbart,J. W 1846

Gilbert, J 1726

Gilbert, J. D 1834

Gilbert, J. H I860

Gilbert (see Giddy, D.).

Gilchrist, P. C 1891

Gilkes, M 1735

Gill, D 1883

Gill, W 1739

Gillan, H 1795

Gillies, J 1789

Gillon,J 1809

Girardin, J. P. P. de . . . 1732

Girle,J 1754

Gisborne, T 1758

Giuntini, H 1731

Gladstone, J. H 1853

Gladstone, W. E 1881

Glaisher,J 1849

Glaisher, J. W. L 1875

Glandore, Earl of ..... 1803

Glanvill, J 1664

Glasgow, Earl of .... 1788

Glasse,S 1764

Glazebrook, R. T 1882

Glenbervie, Lord (see Douglas, S.).

Glenie,J 1779

<llisson,F 1663

Gloucester, Bp. of (see Huntingford).

ALPHABETICAL LIS I CM I I.I M.\\,

Gloucester, Duke of ...
Gloucester, William Frederick, Duke
of

L780

IT'tT

<;raio*.r.K. l». .

(i rum it 1

Glover, G

|s'{-'

(irant (

Glover, P

17-J.-5
1 sits

1
Grant J A

Gmelin, P. F
Goddard, J
Goderich, Viscount
Godfrey, J
Godin, L

1768
KM

ITlfi

1736

Grant, L. A. .
Grant, l:
Grant, R. E. .

Grant Duff M E.

Godman, F. Du Cane
Godolphin,W
Godschall, W. M. .
Godwin, G. .

iss-j
1664
1768

1 8311

Qnatbr,Lafd(M*» -
Granville. A. 1:

Graunt •'

Godwin- Austen (see Austen, R. A. C. ).
Godwin- Austen, H. H. .
Goldie,G.D.T
Goldingham, J
Goldsmid, I. L
Gomeldon, W
Gompertz, B.
Good,J.M
Goodenough, E.
Goodenough, G. T
Goodenough, S
Goodrich, E. S
Goodricke, J
Goodsir, J. . ...
Goodwyn, —
Gordon, Duke of .
Gordon HP

1880
1902
1808
1828
161.3
1819
1808
1824
1787
1789
1905
1786
1846
1681
1784
1830

Gravatt. \\
Graves, C. .
Graves, J. T. .
Graves, R. .1.
'sGravesaode. W.J.
Gray, A. .
Gray, A.
Gray, Baron .
Gray, C.
Gray, E. W. .
Gray, G. R. .
Gray, H. .
Gray, J.
Gray, J. E. .
Gray, R.
Gray, S.
Greatheed, R. W. .

1835

Greatorex, T.

Gordon J W

1801

Green, A. H. .

Gordon, P
Gordon, R. .

1694
1685
1821

Green, J. H. .
Green, J. R. .
Green, R.

Gore G ...

1865

Green, W. .

Gori, A. F

1738
1896

Greene, T. .
Greene, T. .

Gorter, D. de

1760
1872

Greene, W. .
Greenhill, A. G. .

1856

Greenhow, E. H. .

1772

Greenough, G. B. .

1793

Greenwell, W.

Gotch F ...

1892

Greg, J.

Gough R

1775

Gregg, H. .

Goulburn, H. ...
Gould B A ...

1820
1891

Gregory (Gregorie). D.
Gregory (Gregorie), J.

Gould J ...

1843

Gregory, J. .

Gould W ...

1683

Gregory, J. W.

firmlrl W

1774

Gregory, R. •

Gouldsmyth, J
Gowers, W. R
Gowland, W.

Graeme, W. .

1729

1887
1908

1766
1749

1831
1726
1836

Gregory, W. H.
Greig, S.
Greig. W. .

Gresham, C. .
Greeley. T. .

I7VI

;-

I- •
I. -.

ISM

i; .!

vm

i: •

\m
im

KM
ITU

I79H

KM

ItH
KM
(M

KM

KM
KM

KM
IM
KM
KM

IM

I8»

KM

450

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Grey, T 1815

Griess,J.P 1868

Grieve, J 1794

Griffith, E 1834

Griffiths, E.H 1895

Griffiths, J 1806

Grimani, P 1712

Grimston, J. B 1786

Grindall, R 1758

Grinfield,S 1767

Grive,J.dela .... 1733

Gronovius, L. T 1763

Groombridge, S 1812

Grosley, P. J 1766

Grosvenor, Lord .... 1777

Grote, G 1857

Groth,P.H 1911

Grove, W. R 1840

Grover, J 1830

Groves, C. E 1883

Grubb, H 1883

Grubb, T 1864

Gua de Halves, J. P. de . . .1742
Guasco, O. de . . . .1750

Guasconi, B. (see Gascoigne, B.) . 1667
Guernsey, Lord . . . .1773

Guest, E 1839

Guest, J. J 1830

Guglielmini, D 1697

Guignes, J. de .... 1752
Guilford, Earl of (see North, G. A.).

Guillemard, J 1806

Guiscard, marquis de . . . 1706

Guise, J 1716

Gull,W.W 1869

Gulliver, G 1839

Gunn, R. C 1854

Gunning, J 1782

Giinther, A. C. L. G. . . . 1867

Gurney, H 1818

Gurney, R 1875

Guthrie, F 1871

Guthrie, G. J 1827

Guthrie, M 1782

Guy, W. A 1866

Guyon, C. M 1746

Guyton de Morveau, L. B. . . 1788

Gwynne, R 1681

Gyllenborg, C 1711

H

Haak, T 1663

Haast, J. von .... 1867

Haddington, Earl of ... 1844

Haddon, A. C 1899

Haddu, Muhammad ibn . . 1682

1 1 ad field, R. A 1909

Hadley, G 1734

Hadley, J 1716

Hadley, J 1758

Haemstede, H. van . . . 1761

Haggitt, F 1820

Hai.lim.Tr. (' 1856

Haig, R. W 1867

Haighton, J 1815

Hailstone, J 1801

Haistwell, E 1698

Haldane,J. S 1897

Haldane, R. B 1906

Hale, G. E. ... . 1909

Hale, R 1720

Hales, S 1717

Halford,H 1810

Halifax, Earl of (see Montagu, C.).
Halifax, Viscount . . . .1675

Hall, A. D 1909

Hall,B 1812

Hall,B 1816

Hall,F 1732

Hall, H 1675

Hall,J 1806

Hall, J 1820

Hall, M 1832

Hall,T.H 1827

Hall,W.H 1847

Hallam, H 1821

Haller,A 1739

Halley, E 1678

Halliburton, W. D 1891

Hallifax, R 1785

Halliwell, J. O. (aft. Halliwell-

Phillipps) 1839

Halloy, J. B. d' .... 1873

Halsbury, Lord .... 1887

Halswell, E 1834

Hamersley, H 1779

Hamett,J 1835

Hamilton, A 1777

Hamilton (see Buchanan, F.) .

Hamilton, A 1795

Hamilton, A 1808

Hamilton, C 1747

Hamilton, D 1708

Hamilton, D.J 1908

Hamilton, Duke of . . . .1735
Hamilton, Duke of (see Douglas,

Marquess of).

Hamilton, H 1761

Hamilton, H.P 1828

Hamilton, J 1734

Hamilton, J. .... 1745

Hamilton, R 1819

Hamilton, W 1766

Hamilton, W.J 1855

Hamilton, W.R 1813

Hammond, A 1700

Hammond, B 1754

Hammond, W 1663

Hamond, A. S. . . . 1797
Hampden, Lord (see Pakington, J.).
Hampden, Viscount (see Trevor, Lord).

Hampe,J.H 1729

Hanbury, D 1867

Hanbury, W 1728

Hanckewitz, A. G. . . . 1729

Handfield, J 1816

Hanmer, E 1817

Hanmer,T 1804

ALPHABETICAL LIST Ol ill I <>\VS 451

Hannen, Lord .

Hannisius, D

Hansen, P. A.

Hansler,J.J

Hansteen, C

Harby, E

Harcourt, A. G. V

Harcourt, Earl .
Harcourt, W. Vernon

Harden, A

Hardenberg, Baron von .

Harding, C

Harding, W

Hardinge, C. .

Hardinge, G. .

Hardwick, J. ...

Hardwick, P. ...

Hardwicke, Earl of

Hardwicke, Earl of

Hardwicke, Earl of

Hardwicke, Earl of (see Yorke, P.).

Hardwicke, T.

Hardy, G. H.

Hardy, P

Hardy, W. B.

Hare, F. G

Harford, J. S.
Hargraves, J.
Hargreave, C. J. .

Harker, A

Barker, J. A.
Harkness, R.

Harley, E

Harley, G

Harley, Lord.

Harley, R

Harley, R

Harley, T

Harmer, S. F.
Harper, J.

Harper, S

Harrington, E.
Harrington, Lord .
Harrington, W.

Harris, D

Harris, J

Harris, J.
Harris, J. G. .
Harris, S.
Harris, W. S.
Harrison, G. .

Harrison, T

Harrison, T. C.
Harrison, W.
Harrison, W.
Harrow by, Earl of .

Hartley, D

Hartley, W. N.
Hartopp, G. H. F..

Harvey, C

Harvey, E

Harvey, G

Harvey, H

Harvey, J

1678
I8H

Hilis

1781

1881
1909
1745

isoi;

1S.VJ

1763
1788

IS.'JS

1831
1753
1790
1847

1813
1910

1902
1812
1823
1726
1844
1902
1910
1856
1663
1865
1711
1663
1863
1667
1898
1726
1766
1734
1741
1665
1768

1763
1835
1722
1831
1807
1804
1845
1765
1815
1853
1736
1884
1815
1819
1764
is-jr,
1825
1664

Harv. \ W H

Harwood, .)
Hanrood, .1
Hanrkkn. T. .

Hart«l.K

Hatted. H
11 •„,, v
Lord).

Martin*,. W

HMWO||. W. A. .
Hatrl.

Lord (•» Wood, W.P.V
Hatherton. Lord .

Hatton, Lord
Haughton, G. C.
Haughton, 8.
Hauksbei
Hautefeuille, J. de

Havers, C'. .
Hawkins, B. .
Hawkins, C. .
Hawkin-.r. H.
Hawkins, K. .
Hawkins. I. .
Hawkins, J. .
Hawkins, J. H
Hawkins, W. B. L. .
Hawkesbury, Lord (see J<

R. B.).

Hawkshaw, J.
Hawksley, T.
Hawley, J. .
Hay, A.
Hay, A. L. .
Hay, J. C. D.
Hay,R.W. .
Hayes, J.
Haygarth, J. .
Haynes, E. .
Hayter, T. .
Hayward, R. B.
Hayward, W.
Hazard, R. ,
Head, E. W. .
Head, H. .
Healde, T. .
Heape, W. .
Heath, B. .
Heath, G. .
Heath, G. C. .
Heath, J. B. .
Heath, T. L. .
Heathcote, G.
Heathoote, G.
Heathoote. H
Heathoote, J.
Heathcote, T.
HeathfieW, Lord
Heaviside, J.

MM
I«M
IM

Ittt

MM

17*

rm
urn

1
\

i :•:

IM

mi

B

KM,

MM
MM

MM
MM

1*1 .
MH

i-ji

IT-!

MH

MM
MM

ITU

MM
MM
MM
MM

174"

MM
MM

ITT"

MM

mi
HM

Mtf
MM

UN

I9M

im

HM

Og2

452

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Heaviside, O.

. 1891

Hewett, J

Heberden, T.

. 1761

Hewett, P. G.

Heberden, W.

. 1749

Hewett, T

Heberden, W.

. 1791

Hewitt, J. T.

Hector, J

. 1866

Hewson, W. .

Hedwig, J. .

. 1788

Hey, W.

Heidenhain, R. P. H. .

. 1897

Heycock,C.T.

Heim, A. ....

. 1896

Heygate, J

Heinson, J. T.

. 1692

Heyne,C.G

Heister, L

. 1730

Heywood, B.

Hele-Shaw, H. 8. .

. 1899

Heywood, J. .

Hellins, J. .

. 1796

Hiarne, U

Hellot, J

. 1740

Hibbert, G

Helmert, F. R.

. 1908

Hickes, J.

Helmfeld,G

. 1670

Hickman, N.

Helmholtz, H. L. F. von .

. 1860

Hickman, S

Helvetius, J. A.

. 1763

Hicks, H

Helvetius, J. C. A. .

. 1755

Hicks, J.B

Hemming, S.

. 1776

Hicks, W. M.

Hemsley, W. B. .

. 1889

Hickson, S. J.

Henchman, H.

. 1665

Hiern,W.P

Henderson, J.

. 1831

Higginbottom, J. .

Henderson, T.

. 1840

Higgins, W. ....

Henfrey, A

. 1852

Higman, J. P.

Henle,F. G.J. .

. 1873

Hill, A.

Henley, J.

. 1693

Hill,G.W. .

Henley, Lord

. 1800

Hill,J

Henly, W

. 1773

HiJl,J

Hennell,H

. 1829

Hill,L

Hennessey, J. B. N.

. 1875

Hill, M. J. M.

Hennessy, H.

. 1858

Hill,O

Henniker, J. .

. 1779

Hill, R

Henniker, J

. 1785

Hill,S

Henrici, O. M. F. E.

. 1874

Hill,T

Henricksen, H.

. 1742

Hilliard, E. .

Henry, T

. 1775

Hills, E.H. .

Henry, T. H.

. 1846

Hills, P.

H.-nry, W. .

. 1755

Hills, P

Henry, W. .

. 1809

Hillsborough, Earl of

Henry, W. C.

. 1834

Hillsborough, Earl of

Henshaw, N

. 1663

Hilton, J

Henshaw, T

1663

Himsel, N. de

Henslow, J. .

. 1794

Hincks, T. .

Kenwood, W. J. .

. 1840

Hind, J. R

Herbert, J

. 1677

Hind, J. R

Herbert, Lord C. .

. 1673

Hinde, G. J

Herdman, W. A. .

. 1892

Hippisley, J. .

Hereford, Bp. of (see Bisse, P.).

Hippisley, J. C.

Herepath, W. B. .

. 1859

Hirst, T. A

Hering, E

. 1902

Hirst, W. .

Hermann, L. .

. 1905

Hoadly, B

H< -i-mite, C. ....

. 1873

Hoare, C

Herrissant, F. D. .

. 1750

Hoare, H. H.

Herschel, A. S.

. 1884

Hoare, J

Herschel, J

1871

Hoare J.

Herschel, J. F. W. .

. 1813

Hoare, J.

Herschel, W

. 1781

Hoare, R.

Herschel 1, Lord .

. 1892

Hoare, R. C

Herzbery. H. F. .

. 1789

Hoare, W

Heucher, J. H.

. 1729

Hobhouse, B.

Heusch, J. C.

. 1679

Hobhouse, J. C. .

Hevelius, J

. 1664

Hoblyn, R

Hewelcke (see Hevelius, J.).

Hoblyn, T

Hm or, H. E.

. 1723

Hobson, E. W.

1786
1874
1721
1910
1770
1775
1895
1843
1789
1843
1839
1669
1811
1703
1725
1744
1885
1862
1885
1895
1903
1852
1806
1820
1663
1902
1719
1748
1900
1894
1676
1857
1711
1725
1802
1911
1798
1799
1764
1790
1839
1760
1872
1851
1863
1896
1855
1800
1861
1755
1726
1809
1784
1664
1()()K
1753
1752
1792
1663
1798
1814
1745
1811
1893

ALPHABETICAL 1

1ST OF I 1 1 LOWS

Hoptoo.lt. C.

1

Horn**, J.
»ook, A. .

Hornrr. I
Honwby, T. .

Horafall,J. '
Homfiekl. T. .
Horsley.J. .
Horafoy, 8. .
ley.V. A. H .
Hortega,J
Hosack. I)
Hoskins.J
Hoekins, 8. E.
Hutham,C. .
Mutton, P
Hough, 8. 8. .
Houghton, H.
Houghton, J.
Houghton, Lord .
Houstoun
Houstoun, W. . .
Howard, C. .
Howard, C. .
Howard, C
Howard, E. .
Howard, E. .
Howard, F.G.

SiiiiiiiiiiSiiialiiliiiiiiiiSiia &

Hodges, T
Hodgkinson, E. .
Hodgkinson, R. B. .
Hodgson, B. H.

1715

. 1MI
. 1778
. Is77
. 1703

Hodgson, J. .
Hodgson, R
Hodgson, W.
Hody, E
Hofmann, A. W. .

1810

. 1807
. 1732
. 1861
. 1746

Hoff (see van't Hoff).
Hoffmann, F.
Hogg, J
Holden H. C. L. .

1720
. 1839
. 1895

Holder, W
Holford, P

. HM)3
. 1746

Holford, R
Holford, S
Holland C ...

. 1806
. 1786
. 1837

Holland, H
Holland, Lord
Holland, R
Holland T H

. 1815
. 1811
. 1726
. 1904

TTollps F

. 1671

. 1786

TTollipr J

. 1718

Hollingbery, T. .

. 1783
. 1726

Hollins,— ....
Holli<? T

1716
. 1757

Hollman, S. C.
Holloway, B.

1747
. 1723
. 1826

Howard, H
Howard, H
Howard, H
Howard, J
Howard, J. E.
Howard,!. S.
Howard, L
Howard, 8. .
Howard, T. .
Howard, W. A. .
Howell, T. B.
Howes, G. B.
Howley, W
Howorth, H. H. .
Hoy,T.
Huber, J. J. .
Hubner, M. . . •
Huck, R. (aft. Huck-Swuww)
Huoks, R. .
Huddart,J. .
Hudleston,W.H. ,
Hudson, C. G.
Hudson, C. T.
Hudson, J. .
Hudson, R. •
Hudson, W. .
Huggins, W. .
Hughes, D.E.
Hughes, E. .
Hughes, G. . •
Hughes, T.McK. .

Hugo, J. A. .

iiii!lSii3!iiiiiiiiii§§ii§§iiii

. 1741

Holmes, R

. 1797
. 1762

Holt, R

. 1706
. 1767

Home, E
Home, E. .
Hood,C

. 1787

1816
. 1862
. 1663
. 1847

Hook,W.F
Hooke, R

Hooker, W. J.
Hooper, E
Hop,H.
Hope, F. W
Hope, J
Hope, J

Hope', T. C. .
Hope, W. J
Hope-Weir, C.
Hopkins, D
Hopkins, F.G.
Hopkins, W
Hopkinson, B.
Hopkinson, J.
Hoppus, J. .

. 1812

1727
. 1804
. 1810
. 1808
. 1744

'. 1841

454

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Hulke, J. W. .
Hull, E.
Hulme, N. .
Humboldt, A.
Hume, A.
Hume, J.
Humphreys, D.
Humphry, G. M.
Hunauld, F. J.
Hundertma
Hunt, G.
Hunt, R.
Hunt, T.
Hunt, T.
Hunt, T. S.
Hunter, A.
Hunter, J.
Hunter, J.
Hunter, R.
Hunter, R.
Hunter, W.
Huntingdor
Huntingdon
Hurlock, J.
Hurlock, P.
Hussey, T.
Hustler, J. D.
Hutcheson, A.
Hutchinson, A.
Hutchinson, B.
Hutchinson,
Hutchinson, J.
Hutchinson, J.
Hutchison, A. C.
Hutton, A.
Hutton, C.
Hutton, F. W.
Hutton, J.
Hutton, W.
Huxham, J.
Huxham, J. C.
Huxley, T. H.
Huyghens, C.
Hyde, J.
Hyett, B. .
Hyett, W. H.
Hymers, J. .

Ibbetson, J.
Ibbetson, L. L. B.
Iddesleigh, Ea
Ingenhousz, J
Ingilby, J.
Inglefield, E. .
Inglis, J.
Inglis, R. H. .
Iremonger, .1.
Isaac (Issac), C.
Isham, J.
M i.i m, J.
Isted, G.
Isted, T.

.

. 1867

Iveagh, Viscount ....

1906

,

. 1867

Ives, J. .....

1773

. 1794

Ives, J. .....

1819

. von .

. 1815

Ivory, J. .....

1815

.

. 1775

. 1818

J

D. '.

. 1807

Jablonski, D. E

1713

M. .

. 1859

Jackson, C

1772

J.

1733

Jackson, H. .

1772

:, C. F.

. 1755

Jackson, H. B.

1901

. 1819

Jackson, J

1694

. 1854

Jackson, J

1845

1725

Jackson, J. H.

1878

. 1740

Jackson, S. .

1798

. 1859

Jackson, W. L.

1891

. 1775

Jacob, W. .....

1807

. 1767

Jacobaeus, J. A. .

1724

. 1786

Jacobi, C. G. J

1833

. 1709

Jacobs en, T. ....

1727

. 1837

Jacour, Chevalier de

1756

t

. 1767

Jacquier, F. ....

1741

Earl of '.

. 1758

Jacquin, N. J. de .

1788

G.I..

. 1804

Jago, J. .....

1870

. 1782

Jallabert, J. .

1740

. 1780

James, H. .....

1848

. 1792

James II, King (see York, Duke of).

>.

. 1819

James, W. .....

1767

. 1708

James, W

1775

\. '.

. 1804

Jameson, R. .

1826

B. .

. 1795

Janssen, P. J. C. .

1875

>. H. .

r.

. 1829

. 1882

Japp, F. R
Jardine, W. .....

1885
1860

r. H. .

. 1794

Jattica, J. '

1735

c. .

. 1828

Jeans, J. H. .

1906

.

. 1737

Jebb, J.

1779

. 1774

Jebb,J

1824

r^

. 1892

Jebb, R.

1765

. 1697

Jeffery, H. M

1880

. 1840

Jeffreys, E. .

1669

.

. 1739

Jeffreys, J. .

1726

. 1769

Jeffreys, J. .

1841

. 1851

Jeffreys, J. G.

1840

^

. 1663

Jeffreys, W. .

1717

. 1752

Jekyll, J.

1790

t

. 1796

Jekyll,J

1834

(

. 1844

Jenkes, H

1674

,

. 1838

Jenkin, H. C. F

1865

Jenkins, R

1841

I

Jenkinson, R. B

1794

.

. 1769

Jenner, E

1789

^.B. .

. 1850

Jenner,W

1864

irl of (see North

cote,S.E.).

Jennings, J. .

1779

r.

. 1769

Jennings, P. .

1821

. 1793

Jervis, T. B

1838

.

. 1853

Jervis-Smith (see Smith, F. J.).

.

. 1712

Jervois, W. F. D

1888

1813

1842

. 1747

Jessel, G. .....

1880

c. ! !

. 1692

Jett, T

1714

.

. 1663

Jevons, W. S

1872

. .

. 1673

Jodrell, P

1781

.

. 1801

JodreIl,R.P

1772

.

. 1698

Johnson, C. W

1842

evalier A. d'

. 1814

Johnson, E. J.

1836

ALPHABETICAL LIST Ol 1 I 1 I o\VS iv,

Johnson, G. .
Johnson, G. H. S. .
Johnson, J. R.
Johnson, M. J.
Johnson, P. N.
Johnson, R. A.
Johnston, A. .
Johnston, A. R.
Johnston, J. F. W. .
Johnstone, J.

Joly, C.J

Joly, J

Jones, C. H

Jones, H

Jones, H. B

Jones, H.O

Jones, J. V. .
Jones, R.
Jones, R.

Jones, T

Jones, T

Jones, T. R

Jones, T. R

Jones, T.W

Jones, W

Jones, W

Jones, W

Jordan, G. W.

Jordis, J. P

Joseph, Crown Prince of Sweden

Joule, J. P

Joye, C.
Juan[-y-Santacilla], J. .

Judd, J. W

Jukes, J. B. .
Jukes-Browne, A. J.
Jurin, J.,
Jurin, J.
Jussieu, A. .
Jussieu, A. L. de .
Jussieu, B. de
Justamond, J. O. .

Justel, H

Justice, J

K

Kane,R.J. ....
Kastner, A. G.

Kater, E

Kater,H

Kay, J. H

Kaye, J.

Kaye, J. W

Kaye, R

Kayser, H. .
Kearney, J. .

Keate, G

Keate,T

Keck,R

Keckringius, T.

Keene,B. .

Keill, J.

Keill,J.

Keith, Lord (see Elphinstone, G.

MM
1817

Is:,.,

lH4»i

ITss
1810

isir,

1811

1904

!*'.»•_»
I8QO
1723

lS4(i

1894
1663

1800

K.).

1844
1872
1840
1711
1772
1775
1800
1681
1826
1850
1748
1749
1877
1853
1909
1717
1756
1718
1829
1727
1775
1681
1730

1849
1789
1840
1814
1846
1811
1866
1765
1911
1806
1766
1794
1713
1677
1744
1700
1711

K,kMl,, \

Kftball. H

Kelvin. Lord (•» Thoottoo

Kempe. A. B.

'

Kennedy. A. B. W. .

lioott, B.

B r.

m. T. .
i son, R. M.

Ki-t«-H,..v. A. .

Ketclboy. R. .1. .

Key, T H

Keyuler. J. G.

Ki.ii, -. ;

Ki.id". .1.

Kidaton, K. .

Kiernan, F. .

Killaloe, Bp. of (see Barnar

Kincardine, Earl of

Kll.rk, I'. .

King, A.
King,E.
King, E.
King, G.
King, J.

King, J

King,J. G. .

King, Lord ....

King, Lord ....

King, P. P

King.W. .

Kingsburgh, Lord (see Maodooi

.). II. A.).
Kingston, J. .
Kinnaird, Lord
KinnouU, Earl of (we Dapplin. 1

count).

Kinski, P

Kipping, F. S.

KippiH, A

Kirby.J

Kirby, W. .
Kirch, C. .

lihoff, G. R. .

Kirk. . I

Kirke.T

Kirkman, I I'
Kirkwall, Viscount
K u wan, R. .
Kitaaato, S.
Klaproth, M. H.
Kl.-in. K. K -
Kl.-in. F.
Kl««in..l I
K ! mgenstienia, 8. .

IMI

ITU

i: .;

lult
1776

i : >,

IMS

tm

m •

1767

1076

IT7I

\am

IflM

IT"',

MM

1731

MM

1779
1767

I9M
IfTft
1M7
IMt
MM

I90«
1796

vm

45(5

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Knatchbull E

. 1802

Lantsheer, J. F.

1756

Knight, G. .

. 1745

Lany, E. .....

1692

Knight, H. G.

. 1841

Laplace, P. S

1789

Knight, J. .

. 1706

Lapworth, A. ....

1910

Knight, J. L.

. 1830

Lapworth, C. ....

1888

Knight, R. .

. 1741

Larcom, T. A

1844

Knight, T. A.

. 1805

Lardner, D

1828

Knowles F. C.

. 1830

Larkins, W

1796

Knowles, J. .

. 1821

Larmor, J

1892

Knox, G. .

. 1802

Lashley, T

1768

Koch,R. .

. 1897

Lassell,W

1849

Kohlrausch, F.

. 1895

Latham, J. .

1775

Kolbe,A.W.H. .

. 1877

Latham, J. .

1801

Koleseri de Keres-eer, S.

. 1729

Latham, R. G

1848

Kolliker, A. von .

. 1860

Latham, W

1796

Komarzewski, J. .

. 1792

Lander, J

1772

Konig, C. D. E. .

. 1810

Lavater, J. R

1708

Kopp, H.

. 1888

• Lavington, Lord (see Payne, R.).

Kowalewski, A. O.

. 1885

Lavoisier, A. L

1788

Krieg, D.

. 1698

Law, G. H

1814

Krienberg, — von .

. 1713

Law, J. .....

1783

Kronecker, H.

. 1909

Lawes, J. B. .

1854

Kronecker, L.

. 1884

Lawrence, E.

1708

Krusenstern, A. J. von .

. 1837

Lawrence, J. ....

1673

Kuckahn, T. S. .

. 1772

Lawrence, T.

1822

Kiihne, W. .

. 1892

Lawrence, W. ....

1813

Kummer, E. E.

. 1863

Lawry, J.

1742

Kupffer, A. T.

. 1846

Lawson, H

1840

Kyd, A. ...

. 1820

Lawson, J

1812

Lawson, W

1718

L

Lax, W

1796

Lacaille, N. L. de .

. 1760

Layard, C. P

1778

Lacaze-Duthiers, H. de .

. 1897

Layard, D. P

1746

Lacepede, B. G. .

. 1806

Lea, A. S

1890

La Condamine, C. M. de .

. 1748

Leach, W. E

1816

Lagrange, J. L. M. .

. 1791

Leake, W. M

1815

Laing, D.

. 1843

Leathes, J. B.

1911

Lake, T.

. 1666

LeBel, J. A. . . . .

1911

Lalande, J. J.

. 1763

LeCat, C. N

1739

Lamb, H. .

. 1884

Le Couteur, J.

1843

Lambe, R. .

. 1758

Le Despencer, Lord (see Dashwood,

Lambert, A. B.

. 1791

F.).

Lambton, W.

. 1817

Lediard,T

1742

Lament, J. .

. 1852

LeDran, H. F

1744

Lamotte, C. .

. 1727

LeDuc,A

1722

Lamplugh, G. W. .

. 1905

Lee, A

1766

. 1706

Lee, J

1781

Landen, J. .

. 1766

Lee,J

1831

Lane, J.

. 1677

Lee,J.P

1849

Lane, R.

. 1692

Lee, R

1830

Lane,T.

. 1770

Lee, S

1798

Lane-Fox, A. H. .

. 1876

Lee,W

1748

Laney, B. .

. 1666

Leeds, Duke of ....

1739

Lang, W. H. .

1911

Lees, C. H

1906

Lange, J. de .

. 1735

Leeson, H. B.

1849

Langford, W.

. 1796

Leeuwenhoeck, A. van .

1679

Langham, J. .

. 1677

Le Febure N

1663

l^angley, J. N.

. 1883

Lefevre, C. S

1796

Langley, S. P.

. 18!).-,

Lefevre, G. J. S

1899

Langny, T. F. de .

. 1718

Lefevre, J. G. S

1820

Langrish, B. .

. 1734

Lefroy, J. H.

1848

Lankester, E.

. 1845

Le Gassick, J.

1673

Lankester, E. R. .

. 1875

Le Gendre, A. M

1789

Lansdowne, Marquess of

. 1811

Legge, E

1735

ALPHABETICAL LI SI <>1 1

5,H.B

T

LeHunt.W

Leibknecht, J. G. .

Leibniz, G. W

Leicester, Earl of (see De Ferrars,

Lord).

Leicester, Earl of (see Lovel, Lord).
Leicester, R.
Leigh, C.
Leighton, E. .
Leishman, W. B.
Leith,T.F. .
Le Marchant, A.
Lemon, C. .
LeNeve,P. .
Leonard, D. B.
Leopold, J. F.
Leopold, Prince of Saxe-Coburg
Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
L'Epinasse, C.
Leprotti, A. .
Le Roy, C. .
Le Roy, J. B.

Le Sage, G. L.

Leslie, J.

Leslie, P. D. .

Le Sue, J. J. .

Le Sueur, T. .

Letch, J. .

Le Thieuillier, L. J.

Lethieullier, S.

Leti, G.

Lettsom, J. C.

Leuckart, R.

Le Vassor, M.

Lever, A.

Lever, J.

Leveret, J. .

Le Verrier, U. J. J. .

Lewin, J.

Lewis, G.

Lewis, T. F. .

Lewis, T. F. .

Lewis, T. L. .

Lewis, W. .

Lewis, W. J. .

Lewisham, Viscount

Leybourn, T.

Leydig, F. von

Leyonbergh, J.

Leyoncrona, C. de

L'Huilier, S. .

Lichtenberg, G. C. .

Liddell, J. .

Lie, S. .

Lieberkuhn, J. N. .

Liebig, J.

Lieutaud, J. .

Lightfoot, J.

Ligonier, J. .

Lihou, J. .

Limbourg, J. P. de .

Limerick, Bp. of (see Graves, C.).

1744
L8U

IMiT

LTfifl
1073

IT-Jl
H;X;,

1910
1781

1711

1705

1709

1816

1838

1767

1734

1770

1773

1775

1807

1781

1760

1741

1766

1749

1723

1681

1773

1877

1701

1773

1742

1713

1847

1765

1754

1820

1841

1836

1745

1909

1781

1835

1901

1667

1701

1791

1793

1846

1895

1740

1840

1739

1781

1749

L8S3

1771

Umeriok. Bp. of (•» Jebb. J.).

Lincoln. Bp. of (M» Uwy. B.\
Lincoln. Bp. of <MW PrvCvm

Lincoln. Karl. .t
Und,J.

I.M..I.. i

1777

ITU

Undley
Lindley. N.
Lindsay. Lord
Lindsey, Earl ..( .
Link, H.F. .
Linn*us,C. .
!lc.J. .
Lippmann, Q.

of

Lisle, T.

.

Lister, M. .
Listen, R.
l.inlrhales, E.
Liveing, G. D.
Liverpool, Earl

R. B.).

Livereidge, A.
Livingstone, D.
Livius, P. .

Llandaff, Bp. of (see Wataon. R.V
Llewelyn, J. D.
Lloyd, C.
Lloyd, E. .
Lloyd, G. .
Lloyd, H. .
Lloyd, J. .
Lloyd, J.
Lloyd, J. A. .
Lloyd, O. .
Lloyd, P. .
Lloyd, W. F.
Lobb, T. .
Lobkowite, Prince
Lock, J.
Lock,W. .
Locke, J. .
Locke, J. .
Lock«-r. K H
bookman, J. .
Lockyer.C. .
Lockyer.J.N.

mi
n •
im

!• .1

mi

189s)
1764

17)0

iTH

HH

Locock,C.
Lodge,O.J. .
Ixxlwik.F. .
Logan. W. K.
Londesborougb. Lonl
London, Bp. of (sea £
London, Bp. of (see HowteJ
London, Bp. of (see Randolnli. J.

M .«

tm

1T4I
I7M

Mil

Ittil

M I

458

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Long, C.

. 1792

Long, J.

. 1663

Long, R.

. 1729

Long, W. .

. 1801

Long, W. H.

. 1902

Lonsdale, Viscount

. 1699

Lonsdale, Viscount

. 1741

Lorentz, H. A.

. 1905

. 1788

Lorraine, Duke of .

. 1731

Lort,M.

. 1766

Loten,J. G. .

. 1760

Loudoun, Earl of .

. 1737

Lough borough, A. W.
Louville, J. E. d'A.

. 1787
. 1715

Love, A. E. H.

. 1894

Loveden, E. L.

. 1805

Lovelace, Earl of .

. 1841

Lovell, Lord .

. 1735

Lovell, Lord .

. 1739

Loven, S. L. .

. 1885

Lowe, E. J. .

. 1867

Lowe, G.

. 1834

Lowe, R.

. 1871

Lower, R.

. 1667

Lowndes, R.

. 1696

Lowry, W. .

. 1812

Lowth, R. .

. 1765

Lowther, A. .

. 1663

Lo wther, J. .

. 1663

Lowther, J. .

. 1736

Lowther, Viscount .

. 1810

Lowthorp, J.

. 1702

Lubbock, J. .

. 1858

Lubbock, J. W. .

. 1821

Lubbock, J. W. .

. 1829

Lucas, Lord .

. 1663

Lucas, R.

. 1721

Lucy, B.

. 1697

Lucy, K. .

. 1668

Ludlow, — .

. 1702

Ludwig, C. .

. 1875

Luke, J.

. 1855

Luloss, J.

. 1762

Lunn, F.

. 1819

Lushington, E. H. .

. 1824

Lydekker, R.

. 1894

Lyell, C.

. 1826

Lygon, W. B.

. 1810

Lyle, T. R. .

. 1912

Lyon, G.

. 1827

Lyonet, P. .

. 1747

Lynns, H. G.

. 1906

us, D. .

. 1797

Lysons. S. .

. 1797

Lyttelton, C.

. 1742

Lyttelton, G.

. 1743

Lvttdton, Lord

. 1840

Lytton, R. W.

. 1772

M

Macalister, A.

. 1881

Macallum, A. B. .

. 1903

Mac Andrew, K.

. isr,»;

Macarthy,J 1770

Macartney, J 1811

Macartney, Lord . . . .1792

Macaulay, T. B 1849

Macaulay, Z 1821

MacBean, F 1786

MacBride, E. W 1905

McClean, F 1895

McClean, J. R 1869

McClelland, J. A 1909

Macclesfield, Earl of . . . 1818
Macclesfield, Earls of (see Parker,

T., 1711 ; Lords Parker, 1722,

1747).

McClintock, F. L 1865

M'Coy, F 1880

MacCullagh,J 1843

Macculloch,J 1820

Macdonald,H.M 1901

Macdonald,J 1800

Macdonald, J. D 1859

Macdonald, J. H. A. ... 1888

McDonnell, R 1865

McDougall,W 1912

Mace, W 1745

Mace wen, W. .... 1895

MacFarlane, A 1746

McGillivray, S 1838

MacGregor, J. G 1900

McGrigor,J 1816

Machin, J 1710

Macie,J.L 1787

Macintosh, C 1824

Mclntosh, W. C 1877

McKendrick, J. G 1884

Mackenzie, C 1815

Mackenzie, C 1819

Mackenzie, F. H 1794

Mackenzie, G. S 1815

McKenzie,M 1774

Mackie, J. W 1817

Mackinnon, W. A 1827

Mackintosh, J 1813

Mackmurdo, G. W. 1839

Mackworth, H 1777

McLachlan, R 1877

McLaurin, C 1719

Maclear, T 1831

McLeay, A 1809

McLeod, H 1881

Macleod,N 1791

McMahon,C. A 1898

MacMahon,P. A 1890

Macmichael, W 1817

Macneill,J 1838

Mac William, J. O 1848

Madden, F 1832

Maddy, J 1817

Maffei, S 1736

Magalhaens (Magellan), J. H. de . 1774

Magalotti, L 1709

Magee, W 1813

Magnus, H. G 1863

Magrath, G 1819

ALPHABETICAL LIST <>! I I I LOWS

Mahon, Viscount .
Mahon, Viscount .
Mahon, Viscount .
Main, R.

1772

1K07

IVJT
MM

Maine, H. J. S.

1 ~ ' H '

Mairan, J. J. d'Ortous de

Maitland, E. F. .

uao

Maitland, J. G. .

1847

Maitland, S. R.

Is.T.i

Maitland, W.

Majendie, A.

Ivj|

Majendie, J. J.
Majendie, L.

1768

17'M

Major, C. I. F.

I'.MtS

Malaspina di Sannazzaro, Marc

esed

1784

Malcolm, J. .

1H-J4

Malcolmson, J. G. .

1840

Malet, C. W. .

ISO*',

Malet,J.C. .

1SN-J

Mallet, J. W.

1877

Mallet, R. .

isr,4

Malliet, J. . .

1767

Mallock, H. R. A. .

1903

Malouin, P. J.

1763

Malpighi, M. .

MM

Maltby, E. .

1824

Malthus, T. R.

1818

Manby, C. .

lHf>:{

Manby, G. W.

1831

Manchester, Bp. of (see Lee, J

P.).

Manchester, Earl of

1665

Manetti, X. .

1756

Manfredi, E. .

1728

Mangles, J. .

1825

Mann, N.

1737

Mann, T. A. .

1788

Manning, O. .

1767

Manningham, R. .

1719

Mansberg, A. A.

1726

Mansergh, J.

1901

Mansfield, Earl of .

1802

Manson, P. .

1900

Mantell, G. A.

1825

Manteufell C

1747

Mapletoft, J.

1675

Marcet, A. .

1808

Marcet, F. .

1836

Marcet, W. .

1857

Marchmont, Earl of

1753

Marignac, J. C. G. de

1881

Marinoni, G. G.

1745

Markham, C. R. .

1873

Markham, G.

1708

Markham (see Salisbury, R. A

)•

Markland, J. H. .

1816

Marlborough, Duke of .
Marlborough, Duke of .
Marpurgher, P. J. .
Marr, J. E. .

1743
1786
1715
1891

Marryat, F. .
Marsden, W. .

1819

17SI!

Marsh, H.

1801

Marsh, J. E. .

I'M Mi

Marshall, A. M. .

1 ss.-i

JkUr»h*l! H
Mamh.ll.. I .

'
.M.ir-hun. I:

M..IMJ,. 1. »

Ma^h. (;.

Martin. M. .
Martm.S. M. (

.

U

ITVt

•

Marum, M. van
MMoart,£.r
MMen».F. .

Maskelynr. N
Maakclynr.X.S. .

7 vi

•M

...

Maaferan,- Prince de .
MMWV. K M

MMM>D,.J
Marten, M. T.

Mat.un. \
Math,

Mather, T. .
Mathwon..!..
Mathew, W. .
Mathews, G. H. .
Mathia8,T.,l.
Maton, W. G.
Matthews
Mat they. G.

Maty (Matty ). M. .
i. IV H
Maud, J.

Mamluit. I.

I.. M i'

Maxwell. H
Maxwell.. I
Maxwell.. I. «
Maxwrll.M.

Mayne.J.T.
Mayo.C.

Mayow.,1.

K.

Mead, R.

Mean,— .
Mdchain. I1. I
Meckel.,I.F..

i:-->

; m

IM«
1719

UN

HH

IfMI

tm
iim

HM

Medlin.it. H
Meennaa.G..

I'-." •

IT*
IMt
I7M
101
IfM

I7«0

460

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Melbourne, Viscount . . .1841

Meldola,R 1886

Meldrum,C 1876

Mellarede, P. de . . . . 1713

Mel lo e Castro, M. de . . . 1757

Melloni,M 1839

Mrlvill,J.C 1841

Melvill, R 1775

Melville, A 1827

Melville, Viscount . . . .1817

Mendeleeff, D. I 1892

Mendip, Baron (see Ellis, W.).

Mendoca, Diego de 1735

Mendoza y Rios, J. . . .1793

Menkenius, J. B 1699

Menzicoff, Prince A. de . . . 1714

Mercator,N 1666

Mercer, J , . 1852

Meredith, R 1681

Meredith, W. G 1830

Meres, J 1718

Meres, J 1723

Merewether, J 1838

Merret, C 1663

Merrifield, C. W 1863

Merrill, J 1744

Mes.sel,R 1912

Messier, C 1764

Metcalfe,P 1790

Metchnikoff, E 1895

Meuschen, F. C 1764

Meyrick,E 1904

Meyrick,J 1800

Mryrick, O. P 1776

Miall,L.C 1892

Michaelis, J. D 1789

Michaelotti, P. A 1718

Michell,J 1760

Michell, J. H 1902

Michell,R 1774

Michelson, A. A 1902

Mickleton, J 1718

Middleton, B 1687

Middleton, C 1737

.Middleton, Lord . . . .1787
Middleton, Lord (see Willoughby, T.).

Middleton, T. F 1814

Miers,H. A 1896

Miers,,T 1843

Miles, H 1743

Mil«'s, T 1721

Mil lor, G. . .1827

Milh-r, J. . . 1843

Miller, J.F 1850

Miller, P 1729

Mil lor, W. A. . . . . 1845

Mill<T,W.H 1838

Mi I IPS, D 1674

Millcs, E 1746

Millrs. J 1742

Millcs, .1 1775

Millington, L 1802

Mills, A. . 1799

Mills, K. J. . 1874

Mills, J 1766

Mills, T 1708

Mills, W 1682

Milman,F 1772

Milne, J 1887

Milne-Edwards, H. . . . 1848

Milner,! 1780

Milton, Viscount . . . .1811

Milward, E 1741

Minchin,E. A 1911

Minchin,G. M 1895

Minet, D 1767

Minto, Earl of .... 1836

Minto, Lord 1802

Mirbel,C.F.B 1837

Mitchell, A 1735

Mitchell, J 1748

Mitchell, P. C. . . . . 1906

Mitchell, S.W 1908

Mitford, J 1794

Mitford, W 1749

Mitscherlich, E 1828

Mittag-Leffler, G 1896

Mivart, St. G. J 1869

Modena, Prince of . . . . 1735

Mohl,H.von 1868

Moira, Earls of (see under Rawdon).

Moissan,H 1905

Molesworth, C 1730

Moles worth, R 1697

Molesworth, R 1721

Molesworth, R 1786

Molesworth, W 1835

Molieres, J. P. de .... 1728

Molinelli, P. P 1749

Moltke, A. G 1764

Molyneux, D 1735

Molyneux, S 1712

Molyneux, T 1686

Molyneux, W 1685

Monceaux, A 1670

Moncrieff,A 1871

Mond, L 1891

Money, W. T 1818

Monnier, L. G. le . . . .1744

Monnier, P. C. le .... 1739

Monro, A 1723

Monro, C 1821

Monro, D 1766

Monson, J 1684

Montagny, J. de . . . . 1739

Montagu, C 1695

Montagu, Duke of . . . . 1717

Montagu, E 1745

Montagu, E. W 1750

Montagu, F IT'):.'

Montagu, M 17!).".

Montaudouin, N. de . . . 1748

Monte, L 1716

Monteagle, Lord .... 1841

Montefiore, M. H lS3r,

Monteith, W 1845

Montesquieu, C. de Secondat . . 1729

Montesquieu, J. B. . . . 1744

ALPHABETICAL LIST CM I u.IjOWS 401

Montgomerie, T. G. . . . 1872

Montgomery (see Pembroke and

Montgomery, Earl of).

Montigny, C. D. T. de
Montijo, Conde de .

L7M

Montmort, P. R. de

L71K

Montrose, Duke of .

Montyon, A. J. B., Baron

de

Moor, E.

iaoe

Moore, B.

LOIS

Moore, C.

17«

Moore, D.

1810

Moore, G. .

is:?:,

Moore, J.

1674

Moore, J.

L679

Moore, J.

171.,

Moore, J. A. .

ISKi

Moore, J. C. .

L8M

Moore, T. E. L.

lsr,4

Morand, J. F. C.

1769

Morand, S. F.

1728

Moray, R.

1663

Mordaunt, T. O.

17! Mi

More, H.

1664

More, R.

17'J'.»

Moreau, C. .

1827

Morell, T. .

1768

Morgagni, G.

1722

Morgan, A 1663

Morgan C .... 1816

Morgan, C. L.

,

1899

Morgan, C. O.

1832

Morgan, J. .

1765

Morgan, W. .

1790

Morichini, D. P.

1827

Morier, J.

1819

Morison, W. .

1842

Morland, B. .

1706

Morland, J. .

1703

Morland, S. .

1704

Morland, S. .

1722

Morley, Earl of (see

Bori

gdon

Lore

.

Morley, G. .
Morley, J.

1666

IS'.fJ

Morosini, L. .

1763

Morpeth, Lord

1795

Morpeth, Viscount

1847

Morris, C.

1757

Morris, E.

1812

Morris, G. P. .

1805

Morris, J. C. .

1831

Morris, M. .

1764

Morris, R. H.

1755

Morrison, R. .

1825

Morse, L.

1766

Morse, R. .

1789

Mortimer, C. .

1728

Mortimer, J. .

1705

Morton, C. .

1752

Morton, Earl of

1785

Morton, Earls of (see also under

Aberdour). „

Morton, J. .

. I! N

MOM.J.W. .

Moultou.1'. .

\\

.Mounl«-»*hH.KM|,.|
Mount Edgraube. Karl of

Mountmorrr*. Y,M,,UM
Mount norm. Earl.-;
norm. Ear I. >•

M..M •:, I"

Muir. I:

.

Muuh.a.i.
Mulgrave, Lord (ate Phippt. <

Man'.. H

Mullcr. .1. .
Munchausen, B. von
Munck
MunckJey, N.

Muiielrlb. A.. I .....

MuratoruL. A .....

Mure hison, C.

.Mun-hi-'-n. H. I

Murdoch. P. .

Murdoch, T ......

Murphv. K. .

Murray, G. .

Murray, 0. R. M. .

Murray,.! ......

Murray, J.

Murray, Lord J. .

Muachenbroeck, P. van .

Muagrave, Dr.

MiiHgravp. S ......

Muagrave. W.
Musgrave, W.
Myddelton, J.

Mylne, R. W.

Kb* \\ a

Mytton,J. .

-

...
74t

•

I77T

I7M
I«8I

I vi l
i ...

i 1
I Mi

174ft
INK

1717

H

1771

IBIS

1734

I79H

tm

I

Nairn.-. K.
Napcr. \\
Napier. H. I

Sfftir.lt -

MM
I77«

IM7

IHI7

462

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Napier of Magdala, Lord

1869

Nivernois, L. J.

1763

Nares G S ...

1875

Nixon, J. .....

1744

Nares, R.

1804

Nixon, R

1801

Narrien, J

1840

Noad, H. M

1856

Nash, J

1778

Noble, A

1870

Nasmyth, J. .

1767

Noehden, G. H

1820

Natter, L

1757

Noel-Fearn (see Christmas, H.).

Naude, P

1737

1809

Nauze, L. do la

1731

Nolan, F

1833

Nayler, G

1826

Nolcken, G. A

1777

Neale, T

] (Hi4

Nollet, J. A

1734

Neave, R

1785

Nooth,J. M

1774

Neave, T

1814

Norden, F. L

1740

Needham, J. .

1663

Norfolk, Duke of (see Howard, H.,

Needham, J. T

1746

1666).

Needhiun. W. ....

1667

Norfolk, Duke of (see Howard, H.,

Neile,P

1663

1696).

Neile, W

1663

Norfolk, Duke of (see Howard, C.,

Neilson,J. B

1846

1767).

Nelson, R

1680

Norfolk, Duke of (see Howard, C.,

Nelthorpe, E.

1666

1768).

Nepean, E. .

1820

Norfolk, Duke of ....

1816

Nesbit, R

1725

Norfolk, Duke of . . . > .

1842

Nettleship, E.

1912

Norman, A. M. . . .

1890

Neuman, C

1725

Norris, E. . .

1698

Neumann, F. E

1862

North, F

1794

Neumayer, G.

1899

North, F

1900

Nevill, E. N

1908

North, G. A

1782

Neville, F. H

1897

Northampton, Earl of .

1663

Newall, H. F

1902

Northampton, Marquess of

1830

Newall, R. S

1875

North and Grey, Lord

1720

Newbold, T.J

1842

Northbrook, Earl of ...

1880

Newborough, Lord ....

1715

Northbrook, Lord (see Baring, F. F.).

Newburgh, J.

1664

Northcote, S. H. .

1875

Newcastle, Duke of ...

1749

Northey, W

1753

Newcastle, Duke of (see Lincoln,

Northumberland, Duke of

1788

Earl of).

Northumberland, Duke of

1823

Newcomb, S. .

1877

Northumberland, Duke of

1900

Newcome, P. ....

1742

Northumberland, Duke of (see Smith-

Newey, J.

1696

son, H.).

Newmarch, W. .

1861

Norton, F

1776

Newport, G. .

1846

Norwich, Bp. of (see Hayter, T.).

Newstead, R

1912

Norwich, Bp. of (see Lisle, S.).

•

Newton, A

1870

Norwich, Bp. of (see Stanley, E.).

Newton, E. T

1893

Nott, T. . . . .

1663

Newton, H

1709

Nourse, E. .

1728

Newton, H. A

1892

Novell, — Dr

1681

Newton, I. .

1671

Nugent, C. .

1768

Nicholas, W

1742

Nuttall, G. H. F

1904

Nicholl, J

1806

Nicholl,W

1830

0

Nicholls,F

1728

Oakes, C. H

1835

Nicholls,J

1743

O'Brien, L. H

1773

Nicholson, F. ....

1706

Odling,W

18,-)!)

Nicholson, H.

1716

Oersted, H. C

1821

Nicholson, If. A

1897

Ogle, J. A

1826

Nicholson, R.

1807

Oglethorpe, J. E

1749

Xi'-olini. A

1747

Ohm,G. S

1842

NicolK A

1826

Gibers, W

1804

Nicoll, J

1765

Oldenburg, H.

1663

Nk-olson, \Y. .....

1705

Oldershaw, J.

1 7S<5

Nihill.J

1742

Oldham, R. D

1911

Niven, C

1880

01dham,T

1848

Niven. W. 1)

1882

Oliphant, C

1713

ALPHABETICAL LIST <>l III

Oliveira, B. .

I s.r,

Is.,'!

ItM

L7M

Isr.s
1780

1787
1780

1824
1795

isr,-,
1872
1819
is:<<i
1909
1706
1777
1777
1870
1X4:5
1865

IS! IS

1748

iss:,
1733
1667
1817
1838
1855
1834

1727
1831

1752
1663
1755
1783
1682
1873
1851
1715
isr.s
1882
1764
LMI
1831
171't
ISI1M

17-Js
1790

Palnwmton. VI-M-.,,,I,<

PtaMa,H. .

l'aman.lt.
Paocratti. (J. M. .
Panfek.J.de
Paouao.ll..

1)..

PuraiW. .J .

I'.iri-. C,,,,,'. ,|,

i
Parker. Lord.
Park.
Park.-, 1
Parker, T
Parker. T
Parker, W. .
Parker. \V. K
Purk^. E. A.
Parlrinso.
Parkinson, 8.
Parkinson
Parkyns, T. B.
Parr B
Parry, C. H.
Parry. C. II
Parry, W. E. .
Parsons, ('. A.
Parsons.J. .
Parsons, R. M.
Parsons, W. .
Partridge. H
Partridg.
Paaley, C. W.
Passeri, G. B.
Pasteur L

ITM

H
HH

i:>.

I7«l

mi

ini

HH
Kl

'-•'*

tm

i««

KM

1-

•'

m ;

IMO

i-:..
IM

1797
HH

.

l-.'l

nil
IfM
. I7«7

MM

1747

Oliver, D. .

Oliver, F. W.
Oliver, W. .
Oliver, W. .

Ommanney, E. .
Onslow, E. .

Oram, H. J. .

Orange, Prince of .
Ord, C.
Ord, J
Ord, Ralph
Ord, Robert
Orford,Earlof ....
Oriani, B.
Orleans, Louis Philippe d'
Ormerod, E. L
Ormerod, G. .

Ormsby, H. A.

Orr, W. McF
Orrery, Earl of ....
Ortega, C.G
Osborn, J. .

Osborn, S

O'Shaughnessy, W. B. .
Osier, A. F
Osier, W
Osorio, Cavaliere ....
Ossory, Bp. of (see Dodgson, C.).
Ossory, Bp. of (see Hamilton, H.).
Ossory, Bp. of (see Kearney, J.).
Ossory, Bp. of (see Pococke, R.).
O'Sullivan, C

Ouchterlony, A
Oudart, N

Ousley, G
Outram, B. F
Owen, H
Owen R ....

Oxford, Bp. of (see Lowth, R.).
Oxford, Bp. of (see Parker, S.).
Oxford, Bp. of (see Wilberforce, S.).
Oxford, Earl of (see Harley, Lord).
Oxford and Mortimer, Earl of.
Oxmantown, Lord .

P
Pacey H B ...

Paston, R. .
Paterson. W.
Patoun. A. ,
Patterson. R.
Pattinson. H. L.
Paul. K.
Paule, L.
Pavy, F. W. .
Pawlet,E. .
Pawlow, I. P.
Payne, R. . .
Payn , U
Peach, B. N. .
Peachey. J. .
Peachey, Sir J. .
Peacock, G. .
Pearoe,W. .
Pearce. Z.
Pearson. E. .
Pearson. (J. .
Pearson.-)
Pearson. -F. .

liiiiiiiiiiiiiiisiiiii

Packer, P

Pace T H

Paisley, Lord ....

Palgrave, R. H. I. .
Pallas, P. S
Palmer, D
Palmer, H. R.
Palmer, J. .
Palmer, R
Palmer, S
Palmer, T. .

464

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Pearson, K. .

1896

Petiver, J

1695

Pearson, W. .

1819

Petley, C

1753

Pearson, W

1826

Petre, Lord .....

1731

Pechell, S. J. B

1832

Petre, Lord .....

1780

Pechlin, J. N

1688

Petre, Lord .....

1817

Pedler, A

1892

Petrie, W. .

1795

Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil .

1871

Petrie, W. M. F. .

1902

Peel, R

1822

Pett,P

1663

Pegge, C

1795

Pett, SirP

1663

Peirce, B

1852

Pettigrew, J. B

1868

Peirce, J. .....

1742

Pettigrew, T. J

1827

Peirson, P

1794

Pettiward, R

1755

Pelham, C. A

1777

Petti ward, R. . . . ' .

1815

Pelham, H

1746

Pettus, J

1663

Pelham, T

1800

Petty, H

1696

Pell, J

1663

Petty, J

1771

Pellet, T

1711

Petty, W

1663

Pelly,J.H

1835

•Peyssonel, J. A

1756

Pemberton, — ....

1715

Pfeffer, W

1897

Pemberton, C. R

1796

Pfliiger,E.F. W

1888

Pemberton, G.

1813

Pf iitschner, Baron ....

1731

Pemberton, H.

1720

Phelps,J.D

1815

Pembroke, Earl of .

1743

Philip, A. P. W

1826

Pembroke and Montgomery, Earl of

1685

Philipps, E

1727

Pendarves, E. W. \V. ...

1827

Phillimore, J.

1840

Pengelly, W

1863

Phillipps, T

1820

Penn, J

1859

Phillips, B

1834

Penn, R

1824

Phillips, C. .

1829

Penn, W

1681

Phillips, J. . . .

1742

Penn,W. .

1806

Phillips, J. .

1834

Pennant, D. .

1792

Phillips, J. A

1881

Pennant, T

1767

Phillips, R

1822

Penneck, R

1768

Phillips, T

1819

Penrose, F. C

1894

Phillips, W

1827

Penton, H

1780

Phipps, A

1812

Pepusch, J. C.

1745

Phipps,C.J

1771

Pepys, L

1780

Piazzi,G

1804

Pepys, S.

1664

Picard, C. E. .

1909

Pepys, W. H

1808

Pickard-Cambridge, O. .

1887

Percival, T

1756

Pickering, E. C

1907

Percival, T

•1765

Pickering, R. ....

1744

Percivale, J

1681

Pickering, S. U

1890

Percivale, J. ....

1701

Picquigny, L. M. J.

1764

Percivale, P. ....

1674

Pictet, M. A

1791

Percy, J. .....

1847

Piggott, A

1787

Pereira, J. .

1838

Pighius, J. .

1680

Pereira, J. R.

1760

Pigot, T

1679

Perkin, A. G.

1903

Pigott, G

1774

Perkin,W. H

1866

Pigott, N

1772

Perkin, W. H

1890

Pirbright, Lord (see De Worms).

Perkins, P

1679

Pitcairn, D

1782

Pen-in, W. P

1772

Pitcairn,W

1770

Perronet, J. R

1788

Pitfeild, A

1684

Perry, J

1885

Pitot,H

1740

Perry, S. J. . ...

1874

Pitt, J

1775

Perry, W

1678

Pitt, R

1682

Persall.W

1663

Pitt, W

1743

Petavel, J. E

1907

Pitt, W. M

1787

Peterborough, Bp. of (MT .Marsh, H.).

Pitt-Rivers (see Lane-Fox, A. H.).

Peterborough, Earl of

1663

Plana, G. A

1827

Petit, J. L

1729

Planta, A. J

1770

Petit, J. L

1759

Planta,J

1774

Petit, L. H

1807

Plateau, J. A. F

1870

Petit, P

1667

Platt, J

1762

AUMIAHKTK AL LIST 01 I \\ 3

Player, T. .

1673

Pound I

Playfair, J

1807

.

Playfair, L. .

Plimmer, H. (J.

1910

I < > W <*|| , I l

PbwHI. \\ »

,

Plot, R

Plowden, W. H. C. .

• r. U H

-

Pliicker, J

l B60

• .:4

Plumer, T

1794

Pb*l M

Plumptre, H.

Po*l. l:

IMi

Plunkett, H. C

L902

Pownall. 1

'. I77»

Plymouth, Earl of .
Pocklington, H. C

1907

Poynting.-l H

I9M

Pocock, G

1791

Pratt, l:

| | .

Pocock, R. I

1911

Pratt <

. f

Pocock, T

1727

Pratt..! ||

. 1M9

Pococke, R

1711

Poczobut, M.

1771

Praeoe, W. H

Podmanctzky, J. L. de .

1780

Preston, .1

Poincare, H. .

1894

IgSjSj

Poinsot, L

1 s:,s

Preston, W. .

Poisson, S. D.

1818

Prestwkl.

H :

Poissonnier, P. ....

1771

Pretyman <

. I7M

Poland, King of .

1766

Prevost, I'

!--.

Pole, C.M

1800

Price, B.

MM

Pole, W

1829

Price, J.

Pole,W

1861

Price. H. .

I76S

Pole-Carew, R

1788

Price, R. P. .

. 17*1

Poleni, G

1710

Price, W.

i: |

Poley R. .....

1725

Prichard,.I.<

!«.'.'

Poli G ...

1779

l.-aux, B. .

Pollock, D

1829

Priestley, J

. 1766

Pollock, F

1816

Prime, S.

Pollok,A

1767

Pringle,J. .

Polwarth, Lord ....

1773

Pringle,R. .

IT- .

Pombal, Marquess de (see Carvalho e
Mello, S. J. de).

Prinsep, .7. .
Prior, G.T. .

i NH

Pomfret, Earl of (see Fermor, T. W.).

1842

Prior, M.
Pritchani

mm

T>r»r»rl A

1752

Proby, H

iao

Pond, J

1807

Prony, G. C. F. de .

. 1819

Poniatowski, Prince

1791

Prout, W. .

. 1819

Ponsonby, W. P. S. • .
Pontecoulant P. G. D. de

1832
1833

Prudhoe, Lord
Prussia, William IV. King of .

mm

Poore, E. .

1772

Pujolas,M

Pope/W. ....
Pope, W. J.

1663
1902

Pulteney. R. .
Punnett, R. C.

mm

1799

Purdie, T.

Popple, H.
Porrett, R.
Porter, A. W
Porter, G. R
Porter, J. . ....

1737
1848
1911
1838
1749

Purkyne, J. K. .
Pusey, P. -
Putman, H. .
Pye,R.
Pye-Smith, P. H. .

i-.':
. I7f7
. 1898

Portland, Duke of .

1766

Portland, Duke of (see Bentinck, W.).

1837

loll

Portman, W.
Portuga, B. de M
Postlethwayt, J. .

1664
1740

1754

i — i • i

Quain, R.
Qua in, R.
Quatrafegwde Bre»o. J. L. A. do

Il»*4

. 1971
IMS

Pott, P

i , • >»

Uucoiwfjorrv. I)uki?<>f

Potter, E

.»

• » < 1 1

Potter, F

l •;»;:;

1 1QA

Quekett, J. T.

Potter, T

\ /H»

i — i it •

rwl* IUf T * A J

Poulett,Earl

1 ,01.

O^cke '

Poulton, E. B

1889

t

466

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

R

Rackett, T 1803

Radnor, Earl of .... 1693

Radnor, Earl of .... 1767

Radnor, Earl of .... 1795
Radnor, Earl of (see Robartes, J.).
Radnor, Earl of (see Robartes, Lord).

Rae, J 1880

Raffles, T.S 1817

Raine, M 1803

Rainier, J. S 1819

Rainsford, C 1779

Rambaut, A. A 1900

Ramon y Cajal, S 1909

Ramsay, A. C 1849

Ramsay, A. M 1729

Ramsay, W 1888

Ramsbottom, J 1819

Ramsden, J 1786

Ranby, J 1724

Rancliffe, Lord (see Parkyns, T. B.).

Rand, 1 1719

Randolph, J 1811

Ranelagh, Earl of (see Jones, R.).

Rankine, W. J. M. . . . 1853

Ransom, W. H 1870

Ransome, A 1884

Raper, M 1754

Raper, M. . . . . . 1783

Raphson, J. . . . .1689

Rashleigh, P 1788

Rashleigh, W 1814

Raspe, R. E 1769

Rastrick, J. U 1837

Rasumousky, C. . . . . 1755

Rathke, H 1855

Raulin, J 1763

Ravaud, D 1747

Rawdon, J 1744

Rawdon, Lord .... 1787

Rawlinson, H. C 1850

Rawlinson, R 1714

Rawlinson, T 1712

Rawlinson, W 1775

Ray, J. (see Wray, J.).

Rayleigh, Lord (see Strutt, J. W.).

Raymond, Lord .... 1739

Raynal, G. T 1754

Reade, H 1747

Reade, J. B 1838

Reading, R. . . . .1671

Reaumur, R. A. F. de . . . 1738

Reay, Lord 1698

Recanati, G. .... 1720

Redern, S 1765

Redesdale Lord (see Mitford, J.).

Reed, E. J 1876

Rees, A 1786

Rees, G. 0 1843

Reeves, J 1790

Reeves, J 1817

Reeves, J. R 1834

Regnault, V 1852

-id, C. . 1899

Reid, E. W 1898

Reid, T 1806

Reid, W 1839

Reinold, A. W 1883

Relhan, R 1787

Rendel, J. M 1843

Rendle, A. B 1909

Rennell, J. . ... 1781

Rennell, T 1822

Rennie, G 1822

Rennie, J 1798

Rennie, J 1823

Rennie, J 1845

Retzius, M. G 1907

Revillas, D. de . . . 1734

Reymes, B 1667

Reynardson, S 1741

Reynolds, H.R 1781

Reynolds, J. .... 1761

Reynolds, J. E 1880

Reynolds, J. R. . . 1869

Reynolds, 0 1877

Rezzonico, il principe Abondio . 1776

Rich, D 1743

Richards, G. H 1866

Richards, R 1793

Richardson, B. W. . . . 1867

Richardson, J 1825

Richardson, R 1712

Richardson, R 1779

Richardson, T 1866

Richmond, Duke of . . .1723
Richmond, Duke of . . .1755
Richmond, Duke of . . .1840

Richmond, H. W 1911

Richthofen, F. von . . . 1902

Ricketts, C. M 1820

Rickman, J 1815

Riddell, C. J. B 1842

Ridge, G 1810

Ridley, H. N 1907

Riemann, G. F. B. . . . 1866

Rigaud, S. P 1805

Rigg, R. . . • . . . 1839

Righi, A 1907

Ringer, S 1885

Rinuccini, F 1747

Riou, E 1796

Ripon, Bp. of (see Bickersteth, R.).
Ripon, Marquess of (see De Grey and
Ripon).

Ritchie, W 1828

Rittenhouse, D 1795

Ritter, C 1848

Rivers, W. H. R 1908

Rivinus, A. Q 1703

Rixtel, J. van .... 17M

Riz, D 1766

Robartes, F. . . . . ir>7.'{

Robartes, J 1731

Robartes, Lord .... 1666

Robartes, R 1703

Roberts, E 17<M»

Roberts, 1 1890

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF H \VS

Roberts, R. E.
Roberts, S. .
Roberts, W. . .
Roberts, W. C. (aft. Roberts- Austen)

Is7s

1877
1876

Rothachikl. L. W. .

I;::;:::.",",'-

i: .,-,.-. u

108
Wit

Robertson, A.
Robertson, A.

17'..:.
1888

Ro*lnii.|. H A

1888

i » 1 1

Robertson, J.
Robertson, J.
Robertson, J.

17M
1790
1810

Kowu-y'.lr :

I: . . i...
Roy, C/ST .

1787
I8M

Robertson, R.

1804

Roy, W.

9^^^9

I7CT

Robins, B. .

1727

Royen, A. van

• /vf

I7BI

Robinson, I.
Robinson Morris, M.

1829

171.;

Royen, D. van
Royle,J.F. .

1*1?

Robinson, R.

1681

999i9

IflTl

Robinson, R. S.

ls.il.

Ruoker, jCwT '. ' '.

m9sm

IM4

Robinson, T. .

1684

Rudge, K.

Wi^WJ

1788

Robinson, T.

1726

1

•

Robinson, T. R. .

1856

-4

Roby, T. .

1725

Rochester, Bp. of (see Pearce, Z.).
Rochester, Bp. of (see Sprat, T.).

Rumford, Count (eee Thompson, ft.),
iker, C. .

Rockingham, Marquess of
Roderick, R

1751
1750

ay, H \\
Rupert, Prince

i- i
1884

Roebuck, J

1764

17*8

Roger, C

1757

RusM'll. R A. U

Rogers, G

1789

Russell, 1

Rogers,- H.-D

1858

Russell, H. C.

1888

Rogers, J

1681

Russell, J. 8.

1818

Rogers, J

1738

Russell. .1. \\ .

1881

Rogers, J. .

1839

Russell. Lord .).

Rogers, S

1796

Russell, M.

Rogerson, J. ....

1779

Russell, P. .

Roget, P. M

1815

Russell, H

I7«

Rokeby, Lord (see Robinson, M.).

Russell, W. .

Rokewode, J. G. (see Gage, J.).

Russell, W. .

1888

Rolleston, G

1862

Russell. W. H. 1.

1888

Rolli, P. A

1729

Russell, W. J.

1878

Rolt, T

1664

Rut:

1808

Romanes, G. J.

1879

Rutherford. U .

1878

Romer, R

1899

Rutherforth, T. .

Romilly, I

1757

Rutty, W. .

Romney, Earl (see Marsham, C.).

Ruysch I

.

Romney, Lord ....

1723

Ryan. K.

! ••"

Romney, Lord .

1757

Ryan, J.

I78B

Ronalds, F.

1844

Rycaut, P.

1888

Roos, F. de

1831

Ryley, P.

1888

Roscoe, H. E

1863

Ryves, T.

;-,..

Rose, G.

1834

Rose, G. ...

1866

.

Rose, H. ....

1842

Sabine, E.

!--

Rose, W. ....

1786

Sabine, J. .

1798

Rosebery, Earl of .
Rosebery, Earl of .
Rosenberger, O. A.
Rosenkrantz, I.
Ross, D.

1819
1886
1835
1713
1822
1758
1828
1794
1901

1867

Saochetti. G.
Sachs, J. .
Sadler. M. T.
St. Albans, Duke of
St. Asaph, Bp. df (eee Horatey. 8.).
St. A
St. David's, Bp. of (see feme*. T.).
St. David's, Bp. of (see Wlv*. A.£
St. David's. Bp. of (eee Squire, ft.).
(Jeorge, Chevalier de
St. Hilaik Marque* de (et* Boa.

1888
IBM

17*7
1748

T?O™ j r<

Ross, P. ...
Ross, R.

Rosse,Earlof (seeOxmantown, Lord).
Rosse, Earl of

Rosslyn, Earl of (see Loughborough,
A. W.).

de).
tUD, !'

17*4

Hh2

468

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Saint Hyacinthe, P. de . .1728

St. John, O. . • 1719

St. John of Bletsoe, Lord . 1808
St. Vincent, Earl of . .1809

Salengre, A. H. de . . . 1719

Salis, H.J. de . . , 1770

Salis, J. de . . 1740

Salis, J. de ... . 1808
Salisbury, Bp. of (see Burgess T.).
Salisbury, Bp. of (see Burnet, G.j.
Salisbury, Bp. of (see Douglas, J.).
Salisbury, Bp. of (see Fisher, J.).

Salisbury, Earl of . . . . 1784
Salisbury, Marquess of . . .1869

Salisbury, R. A 1787

Sallier, C 1744

Salmon, G 1863

Salt, H 1812

Salter, H. H 1856

Salter, S. J. A 1863

Salusbury, 0 1681

Saluzzo (Saluces), G. 1760

Salvador, J 1759

Salvin, 0 1873

Salvini, A. M 1716

, Sambrooke, J 1681

Sampson, R. A 1903

Sampson, T 1811

Samuda, I. de S 1723

Samuelson, B 1881

Sanders, S 1720

Sanders, W 1864

Sanderson, J. S. B. . . . 1867

Sandilands,A 1711

Sandwich, Earl of . . . . 1663

Sandwich, Earl of . . . . 1739

Sanford, E. A 1832

Sarayva, M 1743

Sarotti, G. A 1679

Saumarez, R 1834

Saunders, A. P 1833

Saunders, E 1759

Saunders, E 1902

Saunders, G 1812

Saunders, W 1745

Saunders, W 1793

Saunders, W. W 1853

Saunderson, N 1718

Saussure, T. de . . .1820

Sauvages de la Croix-Royale, F. B. . 1749

Savart, F 1839

Savery, T 1705

Savile, G 1721

Savile, G. . . . .1747

Savory, W. S 1858

Sa\v bridge, H. B 1822

Sawbridge, J 1739

Saxe-Coburg, Leopold, Prince of . 1816
Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg, Ernest,

Duke of 1787

Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of (see

Edinburgh, Duke of).
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Albert

of 1840

Saxony, Frederick Augustus II, King

of 1844

Scarburgh, C 1663

Scarlotti, P 1696

Scarpa, A 1791

Schafer,E.A 1878

Schaffer, J. C 1764

Scheuchzer, J. G. . . . . 1724

Scheuchzerus, J. J. . . . 1703

Scheurer, S 1717

Schiaparelli, G 1896

Schlich,W 1901

Schlosser, J. A 1756

Schmeisser, J. G 1794

Schoepflin, J. D 1728

Schomberg, M 1726

Schomburgk, R. H. 1859
•Schorlemmer, C. . . . .1871
Schreber, J. C. D. von . . .1795

Schroeter, J. J 1798

Schroter, W 1663

Schumacher, II. C. ... 1821

Schunck, E 1850

Schuster, A 1879

Schuvaloff, J. de . . . . 1758

Schwabe,S. H 1868

Schwann, T. . . . ' • . 1879

Sclater, P. L 1861

Sclater-Booth, G 1876

Scoresby, W 1824

Scott, A 1898

Scott, D. H 1894

Scott, G 1747

Scott, G.L 1737

Scott, H. Y. D 1875

Scott, J 1793

Scott, J. C 1800

Scott, R. H 1870

Scott, W 1793

Scrope, G. J. P 1826

Scudamore, C 1824

Seafield, Viscount . . . .1698
Seaforth, Earl of . . . .1772
Seaforth, Lord (see Mackenzie, F. H.).

Seale, J. B 1786

Seally, J 1791

Searle, G. F. C 1905

Seaward, S. .'.... 1841

Seba, A 1728

Secchi, A 1856

Sedgwick, A 1821

Sedgwick, A 1886

Seeley, H. G 1879

Segner, J. A 1737

Seip, J. P 1736

Se"jour, A. P. D. du . . . 1775
Selborne, Earl of (see Palmer, R.).

Selkirk, Earl of .... 1808

Selkirk, Earl of .... 1831
Selkirk, Earl of (,scc Sclscy, Lord).

Sell,W.J 1900

Sellius,G 1733

Selsey,Lord. . . . 1817
Selsey, Lord (see Peachcy, J.).

ALPHABETICAL l.lvi , »| ,. ...

Selsey, Lord (see Peachey, Sir J.).
Selwyn, A. R. C. .
Selwyn, W. .

1874

ISM,

iKfefcr'

Senex, J.

I7-'s

x.| v»_» t

Seppings, R.
Serenius, J. .
Seward, A. C.

1814
1781

Is'is

•Minnorp. j. .

ghboM.C.T.Too

oicim»n», ( . \\ .

^ i • \ i

Seward, W. .

1779

»ic\irr, n. » .
Silvewtrr, .1. .

Sewell, J
Seymour, E. J.
Seymour, Lord
Shackleford, R. D.
Shad well, C. F. A
Shad well, J. .

1880

1841
1808
1792
1861
1701

SilvcaU-r. J.
S.lv.Mr,-. IV

Silveyr*. J. J.
Simmon., R.

Rim mil U

Shadwe]!, L
Shaen, J. .....
Shaftesbury, Earl of ...
Shaftesbury, Earl of ...
Shaftesbury, Earl of (see Ashley
Lord).
Shard, I. P
Sharp, D
Sharp, R
Sharp, S
Sharp, W
Sharpe, D
Sharpe, F. W
Sharpe, G
Sharpe, J. .....
Sharpe W ....

1778
L88I

1754
1785

1750

1K1M)
ISO.i

1749
1840
I860

1764
1754
1826
1769

Simon. .1
Simon, w.
Simpkinaon. J. A. F.
Sirapnon.M
Simpaon, T. .
8inu,J.
Sinclair,,!
8ix,J. .
Skey.F.C. .
Skinner, 8. .
Skippon, P. .
Slanning, N. .

Sleath. .1. .
Slingsby. H .

Sharpey, W
Shaw, G
Shaw, J
Shaw,J
Shaw, P

1839
1789
1703
1830
1752
1734

Sloane, H. . .
Sloane, W. .
Slusiufi. l: !
Smeaton, J
Smee, A.
Smee, W. N

Shaw, W. N
Shee, G
Shee MA ....

1891
1810
1831

Smethwick. F.
Smirnov.

Smith. A. . . •

1830

Smith. A. •

QViooro TT

1675

Smith A.

Sheffield, Earl of .
Sheffield, Lord ....
Shelburne, Earl of (see Petty, H.).
Sheldon G . . .

1880

1783

1664

Smith, C.H..
Smith (Smyth ). E..
Smith, E. .
Smith, E. .

1784

Smith. !•:.

Shelvocke, G
Shenstone, W. A. .

1742

1898
1763

Smith, F. J
Smith, G. E. .

Smith. H..I.S

Shepherd, R

1781
1706

Smith.. I.
Smith, J. .

1719

Smith. ,1.

Sherbrooke, Viscount (see Lowe, R.

' 1678

Smit
Smith, J. E. .

1715

•

Sherrington, C. S. .
Sherwood, N.
Shipley, A. E.
Shippen, R
Shirley, R. .
Short, C.
Short, J
Shuckburgh, F. .
Shuckburgh[-Evelyn], G. A. W. .

L888

1745
1904
1706
L608
1804
1736

1774

M. K
Smith, J. P
Smith, J. 8. .
Smith, J. T.

Smith. M
Smith. M.

. i:

Smith. R.

Smith, R. A.

J

! "-•

1779

lilt

IMA

I74A

1*14

I8D

I-.4

rm

1753

1834
1887

1787
1881

I-T

1807
M8I
KTH
1808
1818
1818

1808

1801
1881

1795

M8I

1798
1867

470

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Smith, T

Smith, T

Smith, W. .

Smith. W

Smith, W. H.

Smith. \V.S.

Smit hells. A.

Smithson, H.

Smithson, J. (see Macie, J. L.).

Smyth, C. P.

Smyth, G

Smvtli, J. C

Smyth. \V. W.
Smyth. \V. H.
Srnythc. S. S.
Smythc, \V. J.

Snelus, G. J

Snodgrass, T.

Soame, W

Soane, J.

Soddy, F

Soemmering, S. T. von .
Solamlrr. D. C. .
Solenthal, H. F. de

Sol las, W. J

Solly, E

Solly, R. H

Solly, S

Solly, S

S..lly,S

Solly, S. R

Solms-Laubach, H. zu .
Somers, Lord
Somerset, Duke of .
Somerville, W.
Sopwith, T.
SorbiiTo. S.
Sorby, H. C.
Sotheby, W.
Sothehy. W.
South, J. *

Southey, H. H

Southwell, E

Southwell, Lord ....

Southwell, R

Souza, G. Merez do ...

Spalding, J

Spalhmzani, L

Spanheim, E. von ....

Sparke, B. E

. \V

Spmce, W. . ...

Spencer, Earl (see Althorp, Viscount).
Spcnrcr, Lord ....

Sprn.vr. W. B

SpiM-liiiK, O

Spilnian, J. .

Spoleti, F

Spottiswoode, W

Spranger, J

Sprat, T

Sprat, T

Spratt.T. A. U

Sprengel, H. J. P

1677

Sprengell, C.

. 1720

1816

Spry, H. H

. 1841

1805

Squire, S.

. 1746

1806

Stack, T

. 1737

1878

Stafford, Earl of .

1743

1811

Stafford, Viscount .

. 1664

1901

Stainton, H. T. .

. 1867

1736

Stamfer, J. A.

. 1688

Stamford, Earl of .

. 1708

1857

Stanford, J. F.

. 1844

1663

Stanhope, A. ...

. 1663

1779

Stanhope, C.

. 1726

1858

Stanhope, Earl

1736

1826

Stanhope, Earl (see Mahon,

Vis-

1741

count, 1772).

1864

Stanhope, Earl (see Mahon,

VlS-

1887

count, 1807).

1822

Stanhope, Earl (see Mahon,

Vis-

1667

count, 1827).

1821

Stanhope, J. S.

. 1816

1910

Stanley, A. P.

. 1863

1827

Stanley, E

. 1765

1764

Stanley, E

. 1830

1743

Stanley, E

. 1840

1889

Stanley, G

. 1719

1843

Stanley, J

. 1698

1807

Stanley, J. T.

. 1790

1792

Stanley, Lord

. 1859

1812

Stanley, O

. 1842

1837

Stanley, R

. 1791

1823

Stanley, T

. 1663

1902

Stanley, W

. 1689

1698

Stanyan, T

. 1726

1797

Stapf, O

. 1908

1817

Starling, E. H.

. 1899

1845

Stas, J. S

. 1879

1663

Stau-nton, G. L.

. 17S7

1857

Staunton, G. T. .

. 1803

1743

Stead, J. E

. 1903

1794

Stearne, R

. 1665

1821

Steavens, T. .

. 1752

1825

Stebbing, H.

. 1765

1692

Stebbing, H.

. 1845

1734

Stebbing, T. R. R.

1896

1663

Steenstrup, J. J. S.

. 1863

1669

Steevens, G. .

. 1767

1797

Stehelin, J. de

. 1773

1768

Stehelin, J. P.

. 1739

1678

Steigertahl, J. G. .

. 1714

1810

Stenhouse, J.

. 1848

1812

Stephens, A. J.

. 1832

1834

Stephens, F. .

. 1793

Stephens, P. .

. 1771

1698

Stephens, T. .

. 171 Hi

1900

Stephens, W.

. 1718

1700

Strphenson, R.

. 1S4'.»

1734

Stepney, G

. l(i!)7

1696

Sterling, R

. 1775

1853

Steuart, J. R.

. 1829

1791

Stevens, H. S.

. 1740

1663

Stevens, J. .

1 734

1711

Stevenson, W. F. .

. 1811

1856

Stewart, B

. 1862

1878

Stewart, C

. 1896

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF FELLOWS

Stewart, D

Stewart, J. .

Stewart, M. .

Stiernhielm, G.

Stiles, F. H. E. .

Stillingfleet, E.

Stinton, G. .

Stirling, C. .

Stirling, E. C.

Stirling, E. H.

Stirling, J. .

Stirling, J. .

Stirling, W. .

Stockier, F. de B. G.

Stodart, J. .

Stokes, C. .

Stokes, G. G.

Stokes, W. .

Stone, E.

Stone, E. J. .

Stoney, B. B.

Stoney, G. G.

Stoney, G. J.

Storer, J.

Storey, A. M. R. .

Stormont, Viscount

Stowell, Baron (see Scott, W

Stracey, E. .

Strachey, J. .

Strachey, R..

Strafford, Earl of (see Byng,

Strafforde, Earl of

Strahan, A. .

Strange, A. .

Strange, J. .

Strangeways, G. .

Strangford, Viscount

Strangways, W. T. H. F.

Strasburger, E.

Stratford, W. S. .

Strathcona, Lord .

Strathmore, Earl of

Stratico, S. .

Straton, G. F.

Stratton, J. .

Strickland, H. E. .

Stromeyer, F.

Strutt, J. W.

Strutt, R. J. .

Strutt, W. .

Struve, F. G. W. .

Struve, 0. W.

Struyck, N. .

Strzelecki, P. E. de

Stuart, A.

Stuart, C.

Stuart, J.

Stuart (Stewart), N.

Stubs, P.

Stukeley, W.

Sturm, J. C. F.

Suasso, A. L.

Sudeley, Lord

Suess, E.

G. S.).

1814

Sullivan. R. J. .

! .- •

1776

Sumner, (i. H.

ITfO

1764

oumner , J. B.

MM

L6M

Sunderland. Karl of (tee 8peae»r. Lord*.

Superville, D. de .

! H

1688

Supple. R.B.

; --

1776

Sunacx, Duke of

MM

MM

Su*m«x. Karl of .

1803

Sutherland, A. 1

MM

ls:{s

Sutherland, A 1

'-

L1M

Sutherland'. Dukr of .

1002

Swaineon, W.

MM

1801

Swan. .1. \\

MM

IM'.I

Swanaton. C. '1

i- 1

1821

-... . :, :. \ . •

1821

of

1051

Swieten, 0. van .

1861

Swinburne, J.

! ..-.

1726

Swinburne, J. E. .

1009

Swinden, P. van

1881

Swinhoe, R. .

MM

1011

Swinney, 8. .

1861

S win ton, J. .

! . . •

1816

Sydenham, P.

i;..-

1823

Sykes, W. II

MM

1600

Sylvester, J. J.

1S30

Sylvius,.!.

MM

1810

Byrne* M.

MM

1710

Symington, J.

1901

1864

Symmer, R. .

1667

Symmons, J.
Symonda, W.

r.-.t
U .

1003

Symons, G. J.

MM

1864

1766

T

1673

Tacchini, P. .

1801

1826

TaglinU.

IT. J

1821

Tait, A. C.

1 * i

1801

Talbot, C. R. M.

1- !

1832

Talbot, Earl .

i-i :

1004

Talbot, G. •

i- • .

1732

Talbot, J. .

Ml ;

1764

Talbot, W. H. Fox

M i

1807

Talbot, W. .

i.i.'

1830

Talbot de Malahide, Lord

1 V.H

1 OKO

MM

loO*

1827

Tanner, J. .

I7M

1873

Tarbat, Lord

MM

1006
1817

Tattam,H. .
Taunton, R. .

MM

1827

Tavel, G. F. .

MU

1873
1740
1863
1714

Taylor, A. 8..
Taylor, B.
Taylor, C. .
Taylor, G. W

MM

MM

, ,

1710

Taylor, H. M.

•

1 7-->s

Taylor, J. • •

• . • •

1667

Taylor, J.

• . '

1703

Taylor, R.

i * « •

1717

Taylor, T.G..

i^«.

1840

Taylor, W. .

,

1736

Tchebitchof, P

1 " •

isss

Teftte,T.P. •

is'M

Teale,T.P. .

,s.

472

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Teall J J

. 1890

Thwaites, G. H. K.

. 1865

Teighe, M. .

. 1774

Thynne, T

. 1664

Teignmouth, Lord .

. 1834

Tiarks, J. L

. 1825

Telford, T. .

. 1827

Tiedemann, F.

. 1832

Tempest, W. .

. 1712

Tierney, M. A.

. 1841

Temple, R. .

. 1896

Tighe, R

. 1708

Tennant, J. E.

. 1862

Tighe, R. S

. 1793

Tennant, J. F.

. 1869

Tilden, W. A.

. 1880

Tennant, S. .

. 1785

Tilli,M.A

. 1708

Tennent, J. .

. 1765

Tillotson, J

. 1671

Tennyson, A.

. 1865

Tilney, Earl of (see Castlemain).

Tennyson, C.

. 1829

Tilson, G

. 1735

Terne, C.

. 1663

Timiriazeff, C. A. .

. 1911

Terry, C. .

. 1833

Timone, E. .

. 1703

Tessier, G. L.

. 1725

Tissington, A. ...

. 1767

Thenard, L. J.

. 1824

Tissot, S. A. D.

. 1760

Theobald, J. . . .

. 1725

Tite,W.

. 1835

Thesiger, F. .

. 1845

Titsingh, I

. 1797

Thiselton-Dyer, W. T. .

. 1880

Titus, S

. 1668

Thistlewayte, A. .

. 1757

Tizard, T. H.

. 1891

Thorn, F. de .

. 1729

Toalde, G. .

. 1777

Thomas, E. .

. 1770

Todd, C.

. 1889

Thomas, E. .

. 1871

Todd,R.B

. 1838

Thomas, H. L.

. 1806

Todhunter, I.

. 1862

Thomas, J. .

. 1877

Toilet, G.

1713

Thomas, M. R. O. .

. 1901

Tomes, C. S

. 1878

Thomas, N. .

. 1753

Tomes, J

. 1850

Thompson, B.

. 1779

Tomline, W. E. .

. 1812

Thompson, P.

. 1746

Tomline (see Pretyman, G.).

Thompson, S. P. .

. 1891

Tomlinson, C.

. 1867

Thompson, T.

. 1846

Tomlinson, H.

. 1889

Thompson, T. P. .

. 1828

Tompson, R. ...

. 1702

Thomsen, J.

. 1902

Tooke, A. ....

. 1704

Thomson, A.

. 1786

Tooke, T

. 1821

Thomson, A.

. 1848

Tooke, W. .

. 1783

Thomson, J.

. 1821

Tooke, W

. 1818

Thomson, J.

. 1824

Topham, J. .

. 1779

Thomson, J. D. .

. 1820

Topley, W

. 1888

Thomson, J. J.

. 1884

Torkos, J. J

. 1 7r>L>

Thomson, J. M. .

. 1897

Torrens, R

. 1818

Thomson, R. D. .

. 1854

Torres, J. I. de

. 1758

Thomson, S. W. .

. 1770

Torriano, A

. 1691

Thomson, T.

. 1811

Torrington, Viscount

. 1817

Thomson, T.

. 1855

Torti, F

. 1717

Thomson, W.

. 1786

Tough, C

. 1749

Thomson, W.

. 1851

Towneley, C.

. 1842

Thomson, W.

. 1863

Towneley, J. ...

. 1797

Thomson, W.

. 1869

Towneley, P. E. .

. 1812

Thoresby, R.

. 1697

Townley, C

. 1791

Thome, R. T.

. 1890

Townley, G. .

. 1822

Thornhill, J.

. 1723

Townsend, I

. 1749

Thornton, K.

. 1810

Townsend, J. S. .

. 1903

Thornton, H. S. .

. 1834

Townsend, R.

. 1866

Thornycroft, J. I. .

. 1893

Townshend, Viscount

. 1706

Thorp, C. .

. 1839

Toynbee, J

. 1842

Thorpe, J. .

. 1705

Tozzi, B

. 1715

Thorpe, J. F.

. 1908

Traherne, J. M. .

. 1823

Thorpe, T. E.

. 1876

Trail, J. W. H.

. 1893

Threlfall, R.

. 1899

Traquair, R. H. .

. 1881

Thruston, M.

. 1665

Travagino, F.

. 1(575

Thuillier, H. E. L. .

. 1869

Travers, B

. 1815

Thunberg, C. P. .

. 1788

Travers, M. W.

. 1904

Thurlow, Lord

. 1886

Trembley, A. ...

. 1743

Thursby, G. A.

. 1816

Tressan, L. E. de la V. .

. 1749

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF FELLOU .x

Treub, M. . .. _

Trevor, J.

, - . .

Tjrroonnei, Vfaeowt

Trevor, Lord
Trevor, T.

. 17'Js
. 17»i4

gfwSTi

Trevor, T. .

1707

Tyion.M

Trew, C. J. .

1 ~ IT

Triewald, M. .

•
1701

\ •

Trimen, H. .

1 , .1 1

Isss

HwiMini.C.

Trimen, R. .

1 B

Isv

Tristram, H. B.

• « 1 OOo

Ist'.s

1'lloa, A.de '.

Troni, N. .

* '

1715

Unwin. W. C.

Trotter, J. .
Troughton, E

'. Iso-j

1810

Qpnro -..I «|
Upton, F

Trouton, F. T.

1ST

Trumbull, W.

• . J O«7 /

1692

Ure,A.

Trye,C.B. .

. 1807

Uwher, H

Tufnell, G. F.

1758

Tufnell, S.

Tuke, S.

1663

V

Tulk,C.A. .
Tulloch,J. .
Tunstall, M. .
Tupper, M. .
Tupper, M. F.
Turbilly, F. H.
Turnbull, J. .
Turnbull, P. E.
Turnbull, T. S.
Turner, C. H.
Turner, D. .
Turner, E. .
Turner, E. .
Turner, G. J.

. 1822
. 1843
. 1771
. 1835
. 1845
. 1762
. 1791
. 1817
. 1831
. 1821
. 1802
. 1713
. 1830
. 1865

viSrti^Vfciount'.
Valentini, M. It
Valisnieri A.
Vallanoev
Valltravere. R. de .
Valvaaor, .1
Van de Bemd,
Vansittart. \
van'tHoff, J. H
Van Vrijberge, W. .
Varignon, P. .
Varley, C. F. .
Vater, A.

Turner, H. H.
Turner, S. .

. 1897
. 1741

Vaughan, Lord
Vaughan, W.

Turner, S. .
Turner, S. .

. 1801
. 1815

Vaughan (see Halfonl. H.
Vauquelin, L. N. .

Turner, T. H.

. 1804

Vaux, W. S. W

Turner, W. .

. 1877

Vay de Vaja, N. .

Tumor, C. .

. 1839

Veley, V. i

Tumor, E. .

. 1786

Velthcim.

Tumor, J. .

. 1682

Venablen. .1

Turton, J. .

. 1763

Venn. .1.

Tuscany, Leop. II,

Grand Duke of . 1838

Venturi,M. .

Tuson, E. W.

. 1838

Venuti, F. .

Tuthill, G. L.

. 1810

Venuti, R. .

Tutton, A. E. H.

1899

Verdon,(; 1

Tweeddale, Earl of ... 1663

Vermuyden, (\

Tweeddale, Marquess of (seeWalden,

Verneuil, P. fi. P. d,

Viscount).

Verney, Earl .

Tweeddale, Marquess of (see Yester,

Vernon, — .

Lord).

Vernon, E. .

Tweedie, A. . 1838

Vernon, F. .

Tweedie, C. . 1819

Vernun. \V. V.

Twining, R. .1834

Vetch, J. .

Twiss, R. . 1774

• oria. Queen .

Twiss, T. . 1838

Vieussenx. >:

Tylden, J. M . 1820

Vignolea, C. B.

Tylor, E. B. . 1871

Vigny, P. de .

Tyndall, J. . 1852
Tyndall, T. , 1762

Vigors, N. A.
Vifiermont, E. C. d*

Tynte, C. J. K. .1834

Villirrs. «

Tyrawley, Lord . 1747

\.lloiaon, J.G.cTAnMe .

Tyrconnel, Earl of .1834

v,S.

.

ICt

M -

1746
II

n

•

Ml

I7M

171 -

tm

ITU

UN

tm

ITU
IT.'l

MM

mi

M8J

MM
I7M

i: I

mi
un

1890
1898

lass

1886

474

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Vincent, L. .

. 1715

Warburton, H

1809

Vincent, N. .

. 1683

Warburton, J.

1719

Vines, S. H. .

. 1885

Warburton, J. . .

1834

Virchow, R. .

. 1884

Ward, E.

1667

Vivian, J.H

. 1823

Ward, H. M. .

1888

Vivian, R. H.

. 1841

Ward, J.

1723

Viviani, V

. 1696

Ward, J. W. .

1815

Voelcker, J. C. A. .

. 1870

Ward, N. B

1852

Volkra,O.C

. 1716

Ward, P. ....

1681

Volta, A

. 1791

Ward, S

1663

Voltaire, F. M. A. de

. 1743

Ware, J

1802

Volterra, V

. 1910

Wargentin, P. ....

1764

Vossius, I

. 1664

Waring, E. .

1763

Vyse,W

. 1781

Waring, R. H

1769

Vyvyan, R. R.

. 1826

Warington, R.

1864

Warington, R

1886

W

Warner, J. .

1750

Wade,W

. 1811

Warre, J. A. .

1817

Wager, H. W. T. .

. 1904

Warren, C

1790

Wagstaffe, W.

. 1717

Warren, C

1884

Waldegrave, Earl of

. 1749

Warren, J. .

1830

Walden, Viscount .

. 1871

Warren, P

1813

Wales, Albert Edward, Prince of

. 1863

Warren, R

1764

Wales, Frederick ; aft. Prince of

. 1728

Warren, S

1835

Wales, George, Prince of .

. 1727

Warrender, G

1815

Wales, George, Prince of .

. 1893

Warwick, Earl of (see Greville, Lord).

Wales, W

. 1776

Washington, J

1845

Walker, C.V.

. 1855

Waterford, Bp. of (see Mills, T.).

Walker, E

. 1869

Waterhouse, E.

1663

Walker, F

. 1791

Waterhouse, J.

1834

Walker, G

. 1771

Watkins, T

1714

Walker, G. T.

. 1904

Watkins, T

1794

Walker, J

. 1774

Watson, F. B

1818

Walker, J

. 1794

Watson, H

1767

Walker, J

. 1828

Watson, H. W

1881

Walker, J

. 1900

Watson, J

1763

Walker, J.J

. 1883

Watson, J

1778

Walker, J. T.

. 1865

Watson, M

1884

Walker, R

. 1831

Watson, R

1750

Walker, T

. 1729

Watson, R

1769

Walker, T

. 1791

Watson, R

1830

Walker, W

. 1737

Watson, T

1859

Wall, C. B

. 1830

Watson, W

1741

Wall,M

. 1788

Watson, W. . .

1767

Wall,R

. 1753

Watson, W

1808

Wallace, A. R. .

. 1893

Watson, W. .

1901

Wallich,N

. 1829

Watt, J.

1785

Waller, A. D.

. 1892

Watt,J

1820

Waller, A. V.

. 1851

Watts, H

1866

Waller, E

. 1663

Watts, P. .

1900

Waller, R

. 1681

Watts, W. W.

1904

Waller, W

. 1678

Waugh, A. S.

1858

\Valli,, .1

. 1663

Wavell,A.G

1827

Walmesley, C.

. 1750

Wavell, W

1824

Walpole, H

1746

Waveney, Lord (see Adair, R. A. S.).

Walpole, S. H.

. 1860

Way, B. ' .

1771

Walsh, J

. 1770

Way, L

1737

W;ilsingham, Lord.

. 1887

Weaver, T. .

1826

Walsingham, R. B.

. 1778

Webb, F. .

1822

Walter, H.

. 1819

Webb,J

1764

Walter, J. G. .

. 1794

Webb, P. B

1824

Walton, W. .

. 1837

Webb, P. C

1749

W;.nley,H

. 1706

Webb, R

1762

Warberg, O

. 1805

\\Vbber, W

1766

ALPHABKTIC AL LIST ()i I 475

Weber, E. H.
Weber, W. E.
Webster, G. .
Webster, J. .
Webster, T. .
Wedgwood, J.

Wegg,G

Wegg, G. S. .

Wegg,S

Weichman, C. F. .
Weidler, J. F.
Weierstrass, C. W. von .
Weismann, A. ....
Weldon, W. . .

Weldon.W.F.R

Welin, J

Wellington, Duke of ...

\\Vlls, W. C

Wellsted, J. R

Welsh, J

Welsh, J

Welsted, R

Wenman, T. F

Werlhof,P. G

Werthern, J. G. H

West,J

West, W

Western, W

Westmacott, R

Westminster, Dean of (see Dolben, J.).
Westminster, Marquess of
Weston, R. .
Weston, S. .

Wetenhall, E

Wetherell, C.
Wetstein, C.
Wetstein, J. J.
Wevelinchoven, A. de

Weyland, J

Wey mouth, Viscount (see Thynne,T. ).

Whalley, T

Wharton, R

Wharton, W. J. L. .
Whatman, J.
Whatton, W. R. .
Wheatstone, C. .
Wheler,G. .
Wheler, G. .
Whetham, W. C. D.
Whewell, W. .
Whichcote, P.

Whidbey, J

Whishaw, J. .
Whistler, D. .
Whitaker, T. D. .
Whitaker, W.
Whitbread, S. C. .
White, C. .
White, J. .
White, T. .
White, T. .
White, T. .
White, W. A. A. .
White, W. H.

Is.'..

L7M
1844
1847

1758
1777
1753
1728
1732
Issl
1910
Isvj
1800
I7H
1847
1793
1837
1770
1857
1717
1779
1735
1765
1726
1846
1721
1837

1841
1767
1792
1683
1824
1754
1753
1781
1814

1708
1810
1886
1840
1834
1836
1677
1728
1901
1820
1674
1805
1815
1663
1818
1887
1854
1762
1722
1725
1726
1777
1837

I SOS

White, W. H.

U ...... ;, . : ,

\ • ' • I

Wfedamtao.0

\Vigra m. H.
Wifberfort.
\Vill.r.ilmiM. Q

Wilhrah.un i

Will,. !•:
Wiikee, I. .
W.Ik.-. .1.
Wilk,-
Wilkfa

Wilkinson. .1.

WllkiMM,,,. J •

Wilks. S. .
Willan. K. .
Willrtt.-l. W.

Willett. I;

Will.-x. \

William IV. Kinu ,
Williams, — .
Will,

Williams r.C. H
William*. C. .1. H
Williams, D..
Williams, J. .
William^. .?. .
Williams..!. I.. .
William-. •». W,
Williams, M.
William*
Williams, S. .
Williams, T..
Williamson. A. \V.
Williams,,,,. I:
Williamson. -I.
Williamson. .1.
Willumson. \\
Willi-. H. \

Willis, i:. .

Will.- I

Will<»iiL'hl.\ •••: I'MTMun. Lord

WiUoofhbjr, T. .

Wilh^hU.'

WillUL't.l N. I

Will..
Wilmot. ,1.

ITO

-

int

. •
1700
174*

1764
ISM

•'

I7W
1764

i.-.

-.
>
1764

•

- •
<•

- •
••

- «
I7VI

, ,

i-
1744
i- I

MM

1779

476

RECORD OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY

Wilinot, R. J

1821

Wolfius, J. C

1710

Wilson, A

1838

Wollaston, A. L

1829

Wilson B

1751

Wollaston, C.

1756

Wilson, C. T. R. .

1900

Wollaston, F

1723

Wilson, C. W

1874

Wollaston, F

1769

Wilson, G

1796

Wollaston, F. J. H.

178&

Wilson, G

1801

Wollaston, G

1763

Wilson, G. F

1855

Wollaston, W. H

1793

Wilson, H. A

1906

Woolhouse, J. T

1721

Wilson, H. H

1834

Woolmorc, ,).

1830

Wilson, I. ...

1831

Worcester, Marquess of (see Herbert,

Wilson, J. .

1783

Lord C.).

Wilson, J. .

1803

Worsley, H

1705

Wilson, J. .

1845

Worsley, R

1778

Wilson, J. .

1846

Worth, G

1698

Wilson, J. T.

1909

Worthington, A. M.

189a

Wilson, W. E

1896

Wortley, J. S

1829

Wilson, W. J. E

1845

Wotton, W

1687

Wimshurst, J.

1898

Woulfe, P

1767

Winchester, Bp. of (see Morley, G.).
Winchelsea, Earl of ...

1807

Wrangham, F.
Wray, P

1804
1728

Winckler, J. H

1746

Wray, J. (also Ray)

1667

Windham, J

1781

Wren, C

1663

Windham, W

1743

Wren, C

1693

Windle,B.C.A

1899

Wren,M

1663

Windsor, Dean of (see Boothe, P.).

Wren, T

1663

Winn, R

1673

Wright, A. E

1906

Winnington, E

1805

Wright, C. R. A

1881

Winterton, Earl ....

1767

Wright, E. .

1759

Winthrop, J. ....

1663

Wright,,!

1843

Winthrop, J. ....

1734

Wright, R

1767

Winthrop, J. ....

1766

Wright, T

1879

Wintringham, C. .

1742

Wright, W

1778

Wirtemberg, Prince of .

1797

Wrottesley, Lord ....

1841

Wislicenus, J.

1897

Wurtz, A. C

1864

Wissett, R

1801

Wyatt, J

1778

Witchett, G

1767

Wyatt, W

1769

Withering, W.

1785

Wyatville, J

183O

Witsen,N. .

1689

Wyche, C

1663

Witt, G.

1834

Wyche, P

1663

Wix, S.

1813

Wyche, P

1745

Wix, W.

1810

Wylde, E

1663

Wood, J.

1680

Wynde, W

1663

Wood, J.

1871

Wyndham, — . ....

1677

Wood, N.

1864

Wyndham, H. P

1783

Wood, R.

1681

Wynn, C. W. W

1827

Wood, R.

1789

Wynn, W. W

1773

Wood, T. .

1761

Wynne, W

1794

Wood, T. .

1841

Wynne, W. P

1896

Wood, W. .

1812

WyvilKM

1711

Wood, W. P

1836

Wyvill, M. . . .

1734

Woodcroft, B.

1859

Wood ford, S.

1664

X

Wnodford, T

1708

Xavier de Menezes, F. .

1738

Woodhouse, R

1802

Woodroffe, B

1668

Y

Woodward, A. S

1901

Yale, E

1717

Woodward, C. .
Iward, H.

1841
1873

Yarborough, Lord (see Pelhara, C. A.).
Yarmouth, Earl of ...

1722

\V...,dw;ird, If. B

1896

Yarmouth, Earl of (see Paston, R.).

Wnodv.-iird. .).

1693

Yates, J

1839

Wohler, F. .

1854

Yeats, G. D

1819

Woide,C.G. .

1785

Yeats, T. P

1781

Wolf. X. M. .

1777

Yelloly, J

1814

ALPHABKTKAL LIST Ol 1 RLLOWfl

Yeo,G.F. .

Yeoman, T. .

Yester, Lord

Yolland, W. .

Yonge, G. .

Yonge, W. .

York, Abp. of (see Dolben, J.).

York, Abp. of (see Stearne, K.).

York, Abp. of (see Thomson. \V.

York, James, Duke of .

York, Edward, Duke of

York, Frederick, Duke of

York, George, Duke of .

Yorke, C.

Yorke, C. P.

Yorke, J.

Yorke, P.

Yorke, P.

Young, A.

. 1889

Young, (i

'. i •';•!«;

Young'. J.

17si

•

. 1748

'

. lMi-1

. 1760

1789

1893

1750

,

1801

Xanotti. K. .

1773

i .M.

1740

1849

Zollman. I'. 11

1774

Zouobe. Lord (M» Bfathopp. C

I7M
ITU

i • -
1740

i .-;

Aberdour, Lord (Earl of Morton), President,

Addison, Joseph, makes contemptuous
reference to the Royal Society

Admission of Fellows, 23, 161.

Airy, Sir George B., President, 204.

Albemarle, Duke of, 22.

Antarctic Meteorological Observations Com-
mittee, 270.

Archives of the Royal Society, Statute con-
cerning, 157 ; contents of, 236.

Arms of the Royal Society, 22.

Armstrong, Lord, benefactions by, 197.

Arundel House, Strand, meetings of Royal
Society at, 27 ; proposal to build a house
for Royal Society in the neighbourhood
of, 28 ; Library from, 233.

Assistant Secretary of the Society, Statutes
concerning, 139, 153, 169, 172 ; list of
those who have held the office, 209.

Aston, Francis, benefaction by, 195 ;
Secretary, 207.

Athenaeum Club and the Royal Society, 308.

Aubrey, John, 3 note ; cited, 24, 30.

Bacon, Francis, influence of, 1, 3, 5, 33 ;

New Atlantis of, with its design of a

college for research, 2, 9 ; Novum Or-

ganon of, 2, 9.
Bakerian and Copley Medal Fund, 174, 195,

224.
Bakerian Lecture, list of lecturers and

subjects, 224.

Balle, R., benefaction by, 195.
Balle, William, 3 note, 8 : benefaction of,

194 ; Treasurer, 206.
Banks, Sir Joseph, President, 203.
Barrow, Isaac, 20.
Benefactors of the Royal Society, Statute

concerning, 129, 163 ; list of, 193.
Bentham, G., bequest from, 197.
Books of the Society, see Charter- book.
Botanic Garden, Chelsea, 302.
Boyle, Robert, 3 ; his Invisible College,. 37 ;

member of first Council, 15, 18 ; his

Christian Virtuoso, 42.
Brady Library Fund, 17-"> ; Inquest by

H. B. Brady, 197.
Brereton, W., 15.
British Museum (created in 1758), received

the contents of the Repository of the

Royal Society in 1779, 38; Royal

Society represented on the Board of
Trustees of, 308.
Brodie, Sir B. C., President, 204.

menu in. 29 (PlateXlX and X )
Burrow, Sir AM* IW
Bute in PO^Mioo of U»

!:.-•-...
of the Royal Society. 46.

Cambridge Univenrity. Lowndean (** of
Astronomy and Geometry. the Fu^ilm
of *e Royal Society an« <**> _Ur

of Board of
Carbery, Earl of (Lord VaufbacK PlwMa*

Carnegie, Andrew, benefaction by. 188.

Catalogue of Scientific Papers. #5 ; Go.
mittee, -J

' Challenger ' Reports Oommitte*. 870.

Charles II, restoration of. 7 ; rmto t*»
Royal Society, 13 ; his interest in the
Society, 10, 13, 15. 21. 24. 85, 38. 34. 44 ;
Founder and Patron. Iff. 88 ; ii|fiiMiiiJ
experiment* to the Society. 32; b* of
his benefactions to the Society. 181

Charter, the First, grant".! to* the H
Sooiei
of, 59-69: the Second. 15. 82.

15, 27, 94-104 ; Enghah

105-14.
Charter-book and other books of the Royal

Society, 22; Statutes oonnanrfng. 18ft.

143, 156, 168.
Charterhouse School and the RoyaJ Ouuietj.

Chelsea Botanic Garden. 308.

Ch

poeMesionof,2S

.-:.„.--!'..-- ||j ..-
.'>•! R

. ••. :'

ftoyal Society , MM
Clarke. Timothy. 15.

th« Royal Society.

to. 127, 166.
Ootwafl, DM '

,•,,.. • • i: • - •-, • .- •
Composition fee of Fellows. 164.
Copley, Sir Godfrey, benefaction by. 196.

by. 1W ;

480

INDEX

Copley, Sir Joseph, benefaction by, 197.

Copley Medallists, list of, 210.

Council of the Royal Society, 15, 120, 135,
150, 161, 170.

Cow Icy, Abraham, one of the first list of
adherents of the Royal Society, 8, 20 ;
his scheme for a college to advance
experimental philosophy, 8; his lauda-
tory Ode on the Royal Society, 41.

Crane Court, Royal Society's house in, :2i)
(Plate IX).

Croone, William, 21 ; benefaction by his
widow, 195.

Croonian Lecture Fund, 176 ; list of
lecturers and subjects, 217.

Curators of Experiments at the Royal
Society, 31 ; Statutes relating to, 125,
163.

Cutler, Sir John, benefaction by, 194.

Daniels, Major, benefaction from, 199.
Darwin Memorial Fund, 177 ; Medallists,

215.
Davy, Sir Humphry, benefactor of Royal

Society, 196 ; President, 203 ; Secretary,

208.

Davy Medal Fund, 177 ; Medallists, 215.
Degree of the Earth, Charles II requests the

Society to measure, 32, 33.
Denham, John (the poet), 20.
Derby, Earl of, bequest from, 197.
Digby, Kenelme, 15, 34.
Dirks, Henry, benefaction by, 196.
Donation Fund, 177.
Dryden, John (the poet), an original Fellow

of the Royal Society, 20 ; his verses on

Bacon and his successors, 41.
Dulwich College and the Royal Society, 308.

Earle, W. B., bequest by, 195.

Edward VII, continues the grant of the

Royal Medals, 194.
Ejection of Fellows, Statutes regarding, 129,

134, 149.
Election, earliest mode of election at the

Royal Society, 11 ; Statutes concerning,

120, 131, 145, 159, 164, 170.
Ellis, Sydney, bequest from, 197.
Ent, George, 4.

Eton College and the Royal Society, 308.
Evelyn, John, 3, H ; his scheme for the

endowment of research, 9 ; one of the

first Council, 19 ; cited, 13, 23, 27, 28, 30,

38, 43 ; remained in London during the

Plague, 26.
Experimental Philosophy, rise of, 1, 4, 7, 9,

10.
Experiments, as part of the early work of

the Royal Society, 31, 32, 119, 163.

Faujas de Saint Fond, visit of, to Royal

Society, 45.
Fee Reduction Fund, 178.

Fellow, use of the word to indicate a member
of a scientific body, 2.

Fellows, alphabetical list of, 432 ; chrono-
logical list of, 309.

Finance Committee, 270.

Folkes, Martin. 24 ; benefaction by, 195 ;
President, 202.

Foreign members of the Royal Society, 104,
169, 171.

Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society,
Statute concerning, 153, 169 ; list of
Foreign Secretaries, 208.

Funds or Trusts of the Royal Society, 1 74.

Gassiot Committee, 270, 302.

Gassiot Trust, 179, 188 ; benefaction by
J. P. Gassiot, 196.

Geikie, Sir Archibald, President, 206 ; Secre-
tary, 208 ; Foreign Secretary, 209.

George III, benefaction of, to Royal Society,
193.

George IV, founder of the Royal Medals, 193.

George V, continues the grant of the Royal
Medals, 194.

George, Prince of Denmark (consort of
Queen Anne), signs the Charter-book, 22.

Gilbert, Davies, benefaction by, 195 ;
President, 203 ; Treasurer, 206.

Gilbert's work on Magnetism, 1 note.

Glassworkers' Cataract Committee, 271.

Glisson, Francis, 4, 19.

Goddard, Jonathan, 4, 5, 19, 30.

Gore Fund, 180 ; bequest from Dr. George
Gore, 198.

Government grant for Scientific Investiga-
tions, 280.

Graunt, John, 21.

Greenwich Observatory, erection of, by
Charles II, 34 ; early connexion of, with
Royal Society, 34, 35 ; Board of Visitors
of, 35 ; Warrant for Constitution of, 298.

Gresham College, 3 note, 5, 7, 12 ; account
of rooms occupied by Royal Society at, 6,
2H, 28 (Plates I and II).

Gresham, Sir Thomas, 7 note.

Grew, Nehemiah, 31, 38, 41, 207.

Guillemand, J., benefaction by, 196.

Gunning Fund, 180 ; benefaction by
R. H. Gunning, 197.

Haak, Theodore, 4.

Halifax, Earl of, President, 201 ; benefac-
tion by, 1 95.

Halley, Edmund, 32, 41 ; Secretary, 207.

Hamilton, Sir David, benefaction of, 195.

Handley Fund, 180 ; bequest by Edwin H.
Handley, Ifffi.

Harrow School and the Royal Society, 308.

Hickman, S., bequest by, 195.

Hill, Abraham, 21, 206.

Hooke, Robert, 3, 19, 31, 44, 207.

Hooker, Sir Joseph D., President, 204.

Hoskins, Sir John, President, 201, 207.

!M

4M

x;, Henr? (aftcrwartl8 Duke of

Norfolk), 27, 28 ; benefactor, 194 23»
Huggins, Sir William. ! 205.

cited, 24.
Hughes Mrdal Fund, 181; M-hdli-t.s 216-

benefaction by David K. 1 1
Hunterian Museum and t! ociety,

Huxley, T.H.,Pre.si(lrnt .Jo.-,; Secretary,208.

Imperial Cancer Research F,lm| ;lll,j ,}„.

Royal Society, 308.
Imperial College of Science and Technology

and the Royal Society, 308.
Indian Government Ar'l\i-<.i\ Committee,

Instruments belonging to the Royal Sori.-t v.

International Association of Aca«i

Committee, 271.
International Catalogue Committee. -J71 ;

International Catalogue of Scientific

Literature, 294.

Invisible College of Robert Boyle, :{, 7.
Isted, T., benefaction by, 195.

James II signs the Charter- book. ±2.
Jodrell Fund, 181 ; benefaction by T. J.

Phillips Jodrell, 196.

Joint Permanent Eclipse Committee, %271.
Joule Memorial Fund, 181.

Keck bequest, 182, 195.
Kelvin, Lord, President, 205.
Kew Observatory, 300.

Lawes Agricultural Trust, ;}i)4.
Librarian of the Royal Society, liiii.
Library of the Royal Society, Statutes

concerning, 157, 168 ; history of, 233 ;

Committee, 271.
Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine and

the Royal Society, 308.
Lister, Lord, President, 205; Foreign Sec. 209.
London, Great Plague and Great Fire of, 26.
London, City of, invites Royal Society back

to Gresham College, 28.

Macclesfield, Earl of, President, -JO-J.
Mace, granted by Charles II to Royal

Society, 14 (Plate IV).
Mackinnon Research Studentships, 182;"

benefaction by Sir William Mackinnon,

197.

McClean, Frank, bequest from, 198.
Medallions, belonging to the Royal Society,

252.

Medallists of Royal Society, list of, 210.
Medals in possession of the Royal Societv.

254.
Meetings of the Royal Society, days and

hours of, 25 ; early character of, 29 ;

Statutes concerning, 118, 140. l.vi. l.v>.

166, 171.

'

•

nophv. 2

.,„..... H

»ampton,

Offioera of the Royal Society.

MutnuM... ,._,, ,:;,.,--,,,! ,,.

Operators ,vm| Axirty. Xtelvto

«-«,nc.-rninR. !•>. |.-,;j

Onnond, Duke of . appeal to. for aid to tW
Royal Society. &

\ Milonophical Society of. «.
Oxford Unirwut

ton of which the Pmddmt of th»
Royal Society is an ex of do mrmbrr. JW

>maf, benefaction by. 190.

PatenU, referred to the Royal Society. J&

Patrons of the Royal Socici \

Pay menU raado by the Kcikxni of tW

18, 163. 104. 16BL
Pembroke, F^rl of. Prwiilrt,-
Pepys, Samu.-i. r,f.,|. -.-. j« u ; naiin

in London during the Plagu*. M;

hen.-! Prejkfcnt.

IMiiloaophical TranMOtMNW. 39. 101. I

ians. Royal Collrgc of. and tb^

Rov«l Societv. II

benefaction by. 197.
I'irn.-M. A., benefaction by. 19A.

MKV Board) and U»

ondon and the Royal fiookty.M.
Poe, Alexander, bin MroMtfe aJhatal to UM>

President of the Royal Sooirt y. liiiinMli
former Pwddent*. 12. 1 4. «».

482

INDEX

Printer to the Royal Society, Statute con-
cerning, 127, 163.

Privileged persons, election of, into the
1 7-2.

Privy Councillors and the Society, 131, 172.

' Proceedings ' of the Royal Society, 275.

Publication Grant, 287.

Publications of the Society, 39, 40, 41, 274 ;
Statutes relating to, 141, 155, 161, 168.

.lohn. 41.
Rayleigh, Lord, President, 206; Secretary,

Relics belonging to Royal Society, 237.

Repository of the Royal Society, 37, 38.

Ronalds, Francis, benefaction by, 196.

Rooms successively occupied by the Royal
Society, 26.

Fond, 182 ; Earl of Rosse, President,
204.

Royal Irish Academy and the Royal
ety. 308.

Royal Medallists, list of, 213.

Royal Medals, 186.

Royal Society, account of the origin of,
4, 7 ; subjects discussed at its early
meetings, 5, 10; preliminary list of
earliest projectors of, 8 ; modes of election
ill .11; earliest proposed organization of,
12 ; name of, when determined, 13 ; ob-
tains its first charter, 14 ; true date of
origin of, as an incorporated society, 14 ;
list of original fellows of, 16, 18 ; arms
granted to, 22 ; motto of, 22 ; early
unpecunioeity of, 24, 25, 160, 173 ; peti-
tions for a grant of lands in Ireland, 25 ;
solicits a grant of lands reclaimed from
the si a, 2,~> ; petitions to obtain Chelsea
College. •_'."> : College granted, 27 ; repur-
chased l>y Charles II, 27 ; days and hours
of meetings of, 25 ; successive abodes of,
26, 27. 21 » ; proposes to erect a building,
28 ; arrangement of business at the
meet ings of, 29 ; experiments at meetings
of, 31 ; comprehensiveness of scientific
aims of. :>:> ; practical inquiries of, into
industrial matters, 34, 36; foreign cor-
•ondence of, 35; early committees
of, 36 : requested to examine patents of
mechanical inventions, 36 ; requested to
direct and instruct government officials
going alu-oad, 'M • forms a ' Repository
of Rarities", "M ; employed an emissary
to collect objects in Natural History, 38*;
Unman Anatomy undertaken by, with the.
ri<_rht to demand the bodies of criminals
for direction. :{!» ; the 'Philosophical
Trnt . .('. :>!», IM. 27-1 ; separate

works published by, during the first half-
cent my, -to, and daring last half of nine-
ill' een1 nry, 278; opposition ofiVn-d
to. in its early years, 42, 47 : Chart «
48 lit: Statutes of, 117-73; Trusts of,
174 ; principal Benefactors of, 193 ;

Patrons of, 200 ; Presidents of, 200-6 ;
Treasurers, 206; Secretaries, 207 ; Foreign
Secretaries, 208 ; Assistant Secretaries,
209 ; Medallists of, 210-16 ; Croonian
Lecturers of, 217 ; Bakerian Lecturers
of, 224; Library of, 233; Instruments
and Historical Relics belonging to, 237 ;
list of Portraits in possession of, 239 ;
Medallions, busts, and statuettes in
possession of, 252 ; Medals belonging to,
254 ; Committees of, now in operation,
269 ; Grants and Committees which the
Royal Society controls or administers,
and Institutions on the Governing Bodies
of which it is represented, 280 ; Educa-
tional and other institutions on which
the Society is represented, 308 ; Chrono-
logical Register of Fellows of, 309 ;
Alphabetical List of Fellows of, 432.

Rugby School and the Royal Society, 308.

Rumford Fund, 183, 195, 212 ; Medallists,
212.

Rupert, Prince, signs the Charter-book,
22, 23.

Sabine, Sir Edward, President, Treasurer,
Secretary, Foreign Sec., 204,207, 208,209.

St. Andrew's Day and the Royal Society,
6, 23.

Schuster, Prof. A., benefactions from, 198,
199.

Scientific Relief Committee, 272; Fund, 183.

Sea, researches in, devised by the Royal
Society, in 1662, 33.

Seal of the Royal Society, Statutes con-
cerning, 128, 144, 158.

Secretaries of the Royal Society, Statutes
relating to, 124, 138, 153 ; List of, 207.

Sectional Committees of the Royal Society,
269.

Seismology Committee, 272.

Sensitive plants, King Charles's inquiry
about, 32.

Shad well, Thomas, his play of The Virtuoso
ridicules the scientific men of the time. Jf>.

Shrewsbury School and the Royal Society,
308.

Siemens, Sir W., benefaction by, 197.

Slingesby, Henry, 15.

Sloane, Hans, benefaction by, 195 ; Presi-
dent, 202 ; Secretary, 207.

Smith, Robert, D.D., benefaction by, 195.

Soane Museum and the Royal Society, 308.

Soiree Committee, 272.

Solar Research Committee, 272.

Somcrs, Lord, President, 201.

Somerset House, Royal Society's apart-
ments in, 29.

Sorbicrc, Samuel, 45.

Sorby Research Fund, 184 ; Committee,
272 ; bequest by H. C. Sorby, 198.

South, Robert, D.D., attacked the Royal
Society at the Oxford Encaenia, 43.

Southwell, Robert, 21, President, 201.

INDEX

Spottiswoode, William, President, 206, 207.
Sprat, Thomas, his History of the Royal

Society, 4, 9, 21, 22, 29, 37 ; an original

Fellow, 20.

Stanhope, Earl, bequest by, 195.
Statutes of the Royal Society, 16 ; those

made in 1663, 117-30; made in 1847.

44 ; at present in force, 145-58 ; Notes

on the history of the Statutes, 159-73.
Steele, Richard, his sarcastic allusion to the

Royal Society, 46.
Sterling, E. H., benefaction by, 196.
Stokes, Sir George G., President, 205;

Secretary, 208.
Strangers, admission of, to meetings of the

Society, 167.

Sussex, Duke of, President, 203.
Sylvester Medal Fund, 185 ; Medallists, 216.

Taverns, early scientific meetings at, 3, 6.

Thomson, Sir William (Lord Kelvin),
President, 205.

Travelling Expenses Fund, 185.

Treasurer of the Royal Society, Statutes
relating to, 123, 137, 152; List of
Treasurers, 206.

Trevelyan, Sir W. C., bequest from, 197.

Tropical Diseases Committee, 272; Ad-
visory Board, 308.

Trusts of the Royal Society, 174.

Tyndall Mining Research Fund, 185 ;
Committee, 273.

Tyndall, Mrs., benefactions from, 198.

Universities and the Royal Society, 11, 308.

Vaughan, Lord, 201.

Victoria, Queen, continues the grant of the

Royal Medals, 194.
Virtuosi, The, 44.

Wadham OoB0f» MM! U» Roy*J So**. 4,
Waller. Edmund (the oet). ».

\\--t.. I,,:., ft .:.:.-. m

Wertnineter School MM! U» RoyaJ tab*.

Whfatier,

worth. Joeeoh, tiiiHJMtl«i by. 19*
in* John. 1 4. ft. 6. 8. U. It. §97 1

benefaction by. 1M.

\\illiamlV.contintteithegrmnlaCtbellaMl
MedaU. 193.

U • I

Willis Thome, 6.

\\ illoughby. Fr*ncU. 10.

Wincheeter College and ihe

\Vinthni|i. .!..!,;
Wiiitrnit'ham Fund, 186;
tuun. 196.
Wolfe, MIM. benefaction, from. 198.
Wollaaton. Will

dent, 203 ; SecreUrv. 808.
Wren, ChrUtop II. 1». 34;

dent, 200.

Wrottoeley. Lord. Prerident, 904.
Wyche, Sir Cyril. Prerideot. 21. 901.

Year-book of the Royal Society. 9T8.
York, Duke of (aftemide Jamee H). a%0t

the Charter-book. 22.
Young, James, benefaction by, 19ft.

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