RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM EDITED BY THE CURATOR Vol. IX. PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES R. ETHERIDGE, Junr., J. P. € u r r t o v . SYDNEY. 1912-1913. H-m CONTENTS. No. 1. Published 26th April, 1912. Paire Plates On a Re-Examination of the Types of Krefft's Species of Cestoda in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Part 1. By T. Harvey Johnston 1 L.-VI. The Myriapoda in the Australian Musem. By H. W. Brolemann. Part 1.— Chilopoda ... ■•• 37 Notes on Australian Cicadidse. By Howard Ashton ... 76 VII. The Crinoids of the Solomon Islands. By A. H. Clark 81 Description of Austrochaperina a New Genus of En35 mm. A very delicate membrane surrounds it. The embryonal booklets are curved and very small ; Krefft was not able to recognise them. Systematic. — This parasite has been referred to by several authors and has been placed in no less than four different genera. Krefft called it a Tania as at his time this huge genus had not been divided up systematically to any extent. In 18'Jl Monticelli6 regarded it as a synonym of rJ'(t»ia bijaria, von Sieb. In the same vear Blanchafd7 suggested that it might « Monticelli— Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, v., 1891, p. 153. 7 Blancharcl — Mem. Soc. Zool. France, iv. 1891, p. 443. TYPES OF SPECIES OF CKSTODA — KRBFFT. 1 1 be an Ophryocotyle. In 1893 Diamare8 erected a genus Cotuynia for tapeworms possessing double genitalia along with certain other characters and thought 8 that T. bifaria might also belong to this genus. Stiles9 in 1896 followed Diamare and listed T. tuberculata as a synonym of Cotugnia bifaria but gave Monticelli's account and figures of the parasite. In 1900 Diamare10 referred to the imperfect account given by Krefft. In 1906 Fuhrmann11 dealt with the synonymy of Diploposthe Icevis, Bloch, and included Tcenia bifaria, von Sieb. under it. He stated that T. tuberculata was in all probability a Diploposthe and was perhaps synonymous with D. Icevis but on account of the difference between the geographical range of the Aus- tralian host species, and the Anseriform birds which may act as the host of D. Icevis in the Northern Hemisphere, he thought that the two Cestodes might be distinct. Accordingly he listed Krefft's species as Diploposthe? tuberculata in 1908. l2 I have recently13 given a summary of the above facts, mentioning that the species was a true Diploposthe. My detailed examination of Krefft's type material places beyond all doubt that his T. tuberculata is a synonym of Diploposthe Icevis, Bloch. One has only to compare the above description and figures with those given by Jacobi14 in 1897, by Cohn15 in 1901, and by Kowalewski1B in 1903, in order to recognise the synonymy. Fuhrmann17, in a very important, paper on the genus Diploposthe stated that he had examined the original material of Tcenia bifaria, von Sieb., Diploposthe lata, Fuhrm.18, and D. suigeneris, Kowalewski19 and found them all to be synonymous with D. Icevis Bloch. He also discussed several points concerning the anatomy of this species, in which Cohn, s Diamare— Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, vii., 1893, p. 12. » Stiles— Bull. Dept. Agr. U.S.A., Bur. Animal Industry, 12, 1896, pp. 30-1 io Diamare— Centr. Bakt., xxviii., 1900, p. 849. ii Fuhrmann— Centr. Bakt. Orig., xl., 1906, pp. 217-224. i2 Fuhrmann— Zoolog. Jahrb., Suppl. Bd. x., Hett, 1, 1908, p. 85. is Johnston— Journ. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales, xliv., 1910, pp. 99-100. 14 Jacobi-Zool. Jahrb. Abth. Anat., x. 1S97, pp. 2S7-306. 15 Cohn— Nova. Acta. Leop. Carol. Akad., lxxix., 1901, pp. 421-429. 16 Kowalewski — Bull. Acad. Sci. Cracovie, Classe Sci. math, nat., 1903 pp. 518 9. 17 Fuhrmann -Centr. Kakt. I., xl., 1906, pp. 217-224. 18 Fuhrmann — Zool. Anz., xxiii., 1900, pp. 50-1. 19 Kowalewski — Lor. cit., pp. 518-9. 12 KKCOKDS UF THK AUSTRALIAN MUSKUM. Jacobi and Kowalewski differed from each other. T. trichosoma, Linstow20, was mentioned as being very probably also a synonym, it seems to me that Fuhrmann is correct. Linstow's specimen was very small and immature. The I'ostellar hooks figured by him are very like those figured by Krabbe21, and those seen by me in Krefft's specimens. Other accounts dealing with this Uestode are those given in 1850 by Diesing22, in 1877 by Linstow23 ("dealing with the armature of the parasite), in 1882 by Krabbe24, and in 188925and 189126 by Monticelli. The last mentioned author has misinterpreted tlie various male and female glands, describing a double set of reproductive organs in each segment whereas the genitalia are single though the ducts are double. The main points of difference between our specimens and the account given by European workers, are unimportant. In the main I have found the relationships of the genitalia the same as those mentioned by Fuhrmann and Kowalewski especially by the former. Of the work of the latter only a relatively brief English resume is available and one has to rely on the figures (which by the way are very good) for a great deal of detail. The vagina? are much closer to the vasa deferentia in our specimens than is shown in Kowalewski's figures. The inner nerve ring mentioned by him was not recognised and the strongly developed anterior ring commissure mentioned by this author and by Colin was scarcely recognisable though the posterior ring commissure was readily seen. The anastomoses between the vasa efferentia mentioned by him were not detected. The establish- ment of the identity of T. tuberculata with D. Icevis, very considerably widens the known range of this parasite which occurs in at least thirteen different genera belonging to the Anatidee (Duck family)27 in the Northern Hemisphere. Krefft's specimens were taken from Aythya australis, Gould, but I have recognised the same species amongst Krefft's Kutozoa collected 20 Linstow — Arch. Naturg., xlviii., 1SS2, p. 22. -1 Krabbe — Bid rag til Kundskab oin Fuglenes Baendelorme in Dansk Viden.sk Selsk. Skr. Naturwid, (5) viii., pp. 302-3. tigs. 165, 166. -'- Diesing — Systema helminthum, 1850, p. 541. aa Linstow -Arch. Naturg., xliii., 1877, pp. 1-1S. a* Krabbe— Dansk Vidensk. Selsk. skr. Naturwid, Math. (6), i., 1SS2, pp. 349-366 (this work was not available to me). « Monticelli— Proc. Zool. Soc, IS89, p. 325. -!,; Monticelli Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, v., 1S91, pp. 151-3. " For list see Fuhrmann, 1906, hot, cit., p. 217, also Fuhrmann, 1908, Loc. cit. under the various hosts mentioned. TYPES OF SPECIES OF CESTODA — KREFFT. 13 from the Black Duck (Anns superciliosa, Gmel.), and the Teal (Nettion castaneum, Eyton), which are therefore newly recorded hosts for Diploposthe havis, Bloch. Taenia forsteri, Krefft. The description of Taenia forsteri, a parasite taken from the stomach of a Dolphin (Delphinus forsteri, Gray 1), in Port Jackson, as given by Krefft8 8 is very scanty. Consequently Cohbold29 suggested that this Cestode might belong to the species named by Diesing50 in 1850 as Tetrabothrinni triangulare from DelpJiinorliynchus rostratus, Cuv. In 1892 Alonticelli31 described a tapeworm from Delphinus delphis, Linn., from the Bay of Naples, which he referred to Krefft'a species as it agreed with the latter in the few points mentioned by Krefft. He gave a short account and figures of the anatomy making the species the type of a new genus, Prosthecocotyh. In 1899 Fuhrmann32 discussed this genus giving a resume of the known species, includ- ing P. Jorsteri and /'. triangulare, the descriptions of these being based on the original material of Monticelli and Diesing respec- tively. In 1904 he gave a much fuller account33 of these two parasites. Liihe in 1899 showed that the Genus Prosihecocotyle is synonymous with Tetrabothrius, Rud. From the above, it will be seen that some pronouncement in regard to Tetrabothrius forsteri may be of use. Unfortunately the type material has become dried up and is now useless for the purpose of systematic study. Consequently I am able to give only a few details, which will be supplemented by further information derived from the descriptions of Monticelli and Fuhrmann. The scolices have not been much affected by the drying, but the attempt to follow out the anatomy of the segments was quite unsuccessful. Thescolex is about 04r5 mm. in breadth, (028 mm. in Fuhrmann), and bears four very prominent muscular suckers, with a deep cup-like cavity and a rounded or oval opening 01 57 mm. in breadth by 019 mm in length. Each sucker is nearly 3 s Krefft— Loc. cit. p. 218. 29 Cobbold— Parasites— A Treatise on the Entozoa, 1879, p. 422. 30 Diesing— Systema helminthum, i., 1850, p. 601. 31 Monticelli— Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino, vii., 1892, No. 27, pp. 6-8. 33 Fuhrmann — Centr. Bakt. Orig. i., xxv., 1899, pp. 869-870. 33 Fuhrmann— Centr. Bakt. Orig. i., xxxv., 1904, pp. 744-752. '14 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM spherical and between each pair there is a deep narrow groove. Situated on the outer and anterior edge of each there is a small auricle, a muscular appendage characteristic of the genus TetrabotJirius. Immediately behind the scolex there is a narrower unsegmented neck region, which is soon followed by the segmented portion of the strobila. The specimens do not allow of any further detail being given except that the segments gradually increase in size until the last few proglottids are reached, these being rather longer and narrower than those further forward. Krefft gave the length of the worm as being two and a half inches ( = about 52 mm.). He also stated that the segments were not provided with " lemnisci," this implying that he did not see the cirrus. The characters of the scolex resemble the figures given by Monticelli34 so closely that there is no doubt as to the identity of the two parasites. The breadth is very much greater than that given by Fuhrmann (028 mm.). The length according to the latter may be from 25 to 65 mm. The following summary account of the anatomy is based mainly on that given by this author. The longitudinal muscu- lature consists of an inner series of bundles of fibres, each bundle with from twelve to twenty fibres and an outer series in which there are fewer (three to six) fibres in the individual bundles. The transverse and dorso-ventral muscles are well developed. There are no commissural vessels in the scolex connecting the excretory canals of the one side with those of the other. The genital atrium is narrow and deep, the cirrus sac opening into it dorsally and the vagina ventrally. The male duct does not open directly into the cloaca but first into a male canal which connects with the latter. According to Monticelli's figure the pores (which are situated on the right side) seem to be placed at about the middle of the margin of the segments. The male organs consist of about twenty-two testes (instead of from five to seven as mentioned and figured by Monticelli) arranged around the female organs. The vas deferens after being thrown into coils, passes out laterally to terminate in a long cirrus lying in the muscular rounded cirrus sac which lias a diameter of 0072 mm. This in turn leads into a short male canal terminating in the genital cloaca dorsally to the vagina. 3t Monticelli — Loc. cit., figs. 4, 5, 8. TYPES OF SPECIES OF CKSTODA — KREFFT. 15 The female organs lie ventrally. The large slightly lobed ovary is situated in the middle of the posterior half of the segment behind the testes and the vitellarium. The vagina passes out dorsal ly and, as already mentioned, opens ventrally to the male aperture. A receptaculum seminis is absent. The vitelline gland is a compact organ lying just in front of the middle of the ovary, this position of the yolk gland being a characteristic of the genus. The uterus is at first a dorsally placed transverse tube which eventually becomes sac-like and occupies almost the whole of the medulla. In regard to Cobbold's suggestion of identity between T.Jorsteri and T triangularis, a comparison of the description of each as given by Fuhrniann35 is sufficient to show that the two are distinct. Dr. G. Sweet36 has misquoted the latter author as having examined specimens of T. triangularis from dolphins captured in Sydney Harbour. TiENIA FLAVKSCENS, Krefft. (Plate ii.) This parasite was described very meagrely by Krefft37, the hosts mentioned being the Black-duck (Anas superciliosa, Gmel.) and the Blue-wing Shoveller (Spatula rhynchotis, Lath.). I am now able to add the following additional hosts, the Teal (Nettion castanenm, Eyton), and the White-eyed duck (Aythya aus trails, Gould), from New South Wales. The original account of this Cestode is insufficient, and, in many details, incorrect. It may, therefore, be disregarded. The following description is based upon an examination of the type material from Anas superciliosa, from which it will be seen that T. jlavescens is a typical member of the genus Diorchis. Diorchls Jlavescens is a rather narrow worm of about one millimetre in maximum breadth. Most of the specimens were from three to five centimetres long, though some were much longer, one exceeding 8-4 cms. The scolex is small, being 0T95 mm. in width. The suckers are fairly well developed, the diameter reaching nearly 01 mm. (PL ii., fig. 1). The cuticle lining them is provided with abundance of minute spines 35 Fuhrniann— Centr. Bakt. Orig., i., xxxv., 1904, p. 748. 36 Sweet— Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., xxi. (n.s.), 1909, p. 479. 37 Krefft— Loc. cit., p. 219. 16 RECORDS OF THK AUSTRALIAN MOSKUM. resembling those present in certain species of Ichthyotasnia (Proteocephalus)** and in some species of Diorchis'60 (D. acuminata, Clerc, and D. americaua, Ransom). The rostellum when fully everted is a prominent organ of 0T03 mm. in length, the width of the somewhat swollen extremity being 0-08 mm. Situated on this latter portion are the ten hooks (about O068 mm. long) arranged in a single circle. As in other members of the genus the dorsal root of the hook is relatively long (0042 mm.), the ventral root being short ami rounded. The claw is 0*025 mm. in length. The form of the hook is seen in PI. ii., fig. 3. The rostellum may be so deeply retracted that the hooks lie on a level with the lower part of the suckers (PI. ii., fig. 2). Connected with this rostellum is a strongly muscular rostellar sac whose inner limit lies behind the level of the suckers. The scolex is succeeded by a short unsegmented neck of variable length but whose breadth (0-14 mm.) is only slightly less than that of the scolex. The first segments are very short but they gradually increase both in length and width. In proglottids in which male sexual maturity has been reached, the sizes are 0T1 by 0*5 mm. With advancing female maturity the segments become broader (0-90 mm.) and relatively shorter (0096 mm.), whilst those which contain ripe eggs may measure 0T74 mm. in length by one mm. in breadth. Body-wall, etc. — The specimens are too poorly preserved to allow of an examination of the subcuticular structures. Calcar- eous corpuscles are very abundant. They are eliptical in form, varying somewhat in size, their average being about 00078 by •0045 mm. They are restricted to the outer layers of the cortex. The lateral nerve is situated at about midway between the excretory vessels and the margin of the segment, the genital ducts passing over it. The parenchyma musculature is well- developed, the longitudinal bundles being arranged in two series, an outer ring consisting of numerous small bundles and an inner series of eight large bundles (PI. ii., fig. 8), each consisting of a number of very powerful fibres. The arrangement of the longi- tudinal musculature seems to be typical in this genus. Trans- versa fibres appear to l>«' very poorly developed. The excretory system consists of a larger ventral and a smaller dorsal pair, the hitter lying above and sometimes slightly laterally from the former. Both lie ventrally to the genital ducts on the »8 Johnston— Joum. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales, xliii., 1909, p. 103, etc. so Kanso-n-Bull. U. S. Nat. Museum, 69, 1903, p. 42, etc. TYPES OF SPECIES OF CESTODA— KHEFFT. 17 pore-bearing side. They are situated at a rather lower dorso- ventral level on this side than on the opposite side, a feature similar to that found in other species of Diorchis. Transverse vessels were not seen. There appears to he a valve-like projection into the lumen of each ventral vessel near the posterior edge of each segment (PI. ii., tig. 4). Genitalia. — The genital apertures are unilateral, being located on the right side. They lie marginally in front of the middle of the edge, being usually at the junction of the anterior third with the posterior two-thirds. A distinct papilla is absent. There may be a very short narrow common genital cloaca into which the male and female apertures open, the female pore being immediately below that of the male system. As already remarked the genital canals pass above the longitudinal nerve and both excretory vessels. The male organs consist of two large testes placed more or less symmetrically in the posterior portion of the segment. They appear early but develop slowly for a considerable distance back from the anterior end, when they begin to increase very suddenly in size at the time of male maturity. They then occupy a large part of the medulla lying between the excretory vessels, the diameter of each being almost OT mm. Sometimes they are quite close together, especially in all the younger segments (PI. ii, tig. 5), but with increasing size of the glands and the seminal vesicle their symmetrical arrangement becomes disturbed (PI. ii., fig. 6). A large mass of spermatozoa comes to be stored in the vesicula seminalis after which the male glands commence to dwindle rapidly, the female organs meanwhile coming to maturity. The vesicula in ripe segments is a large rounded structure lying near the dorsal surface in the anterior portion of the segment. Its position is seen to vary, being usually above and in front of the testes which is remote from the genital pore in young segments but in proglottids which have reached male maturity it usually lies rather nearer the midline separating the two glands. A much narrower tube connects the vesicula with the cirrus sac. The cirrus sac is a long, more or less tubular, slightly twisted structure of from 0-270 to 0'35 mm. in length, with a maximum breadth of about 0-050 mm., lying dorsally in the anterior portion of the segment. The broadest part is towards its inner end, the other end being much narrower (0-03 mm.). The organ stretches inwards almost to the midline, and occasion- ally much further. Its musculature is somewhat thicker around the middle. There is a small seminal vesicle within the sac. 9, 18 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. The cirrus is very long and slender and when at rest lies irregularly and loosely coiled. It can be thrust out to a very considerable degree, the everted portions actually reaching 0-50 mm. in one case observed, the width of the segment to which it belonged being 092 mm. In the case of other cirri the length was much less, but eversion was not complete. Each cirrus is thus a very long delicate tube, its maximum breadth being 0 0054 mm. It does not possess a basal enlargement like that found in D. injiata and D. acuminata. Unlike these species and D. americana, D. Jiavescetis shows the presence of a minute armature on the cirrus. The female glands consist of a compact trilobed ovary lying ventrally in the midregion of the segment and of a vitelline gland, situated dorso-posterioily to it. The mature ovary extends from the excretory vessels of the one side to those of the other, being about 039 mm. in width. Of the three lobes, one lies medianly in front of and between the other two which are lateral. The median is smaller than either of the others. The yolk-gland is either rounded or kidney-shaped and lies at the posterior edge of the segment, its position being more dorsal than that of the ovary. The vagina travels inwards immediately behind and somewhat ventrally to the cirrus sac in a number of wide rather closely arranged coils. Its general course is inwards and slightly backwards until it opens into a spacious thin-walled receptaculum seminis which extends inwards in mature segments to about the middle of the ovary, as an elongate wide tube. It lies above the excretory vessels and the ovary, and ventrally to the cirrus sac, vesicula seminalis, and testes. Its position is at a slightly higher dorsal level than that of the vagina. The uterus in mature proglottids is a sac-like organ lying ventrally but occupying most of the medulla between the excretory vessels of each side, except in the anterior region of each segment where the male and female ducts and reservoirs are situated. It also extends laterally above the excretory vessels on the pore-bearing side but below them on the opposite side of the segment. Thus the excretory \tssels come to lie in a bay or groove formed by the uterus which partly surrounds them. The mature eggs are from 0 090 to 0-107 mm. in length and from 0027 to 0031 mm. in breadth. Kach end is somewhat bluntly pointed, while each extremity of the inner shell is produced into a very prominent process. The inner shell measures from 0 0.34 to 00G8 mm. in length by about 001 6 mm. in breadth. TYPES OF SPKCIKS OF CESTODA — KREFFT. 19 Systematic. — There appear to be only four other species of Diorchis known ;i, pp. 40 41. 58 Kowalewski — Bull. Acad. S'ci. Oacovie, CI. Sci. Math. Nat., \xix , 1895, pp. 349 367. si Cohn — Nova Acta, lxxix., 1901, pp. 323-5. 5:5 For list see Puhrmann— Loc. cit., pp. 149-155 ; Ransom — Bull. Bur. Animal Industry, Dept. Agr. U.S.A., 66, lt03, p. 92 ; Stiles— Loc. cit., p. 40. 5fi Stiles— Loc. cit., pp. 40-1 ; Hamann — len. Zeitschr. Naturwiss., xxiv., 1S8S), pp. 1-7 ; Mrazek, quoted Stiles, Loc. cit., p. 41. 24 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. Acoleus5". A further study shows it to he a member of this genus. As already noted, the specific name ragosa is preoccupied in the genus Tamia, having been used by Pallas in 1760, for a tapeworm from certain fish, and by Diesing in 1850 for a Cestode from a monkey. A new specific name hedleyi was therefore suggested for this Entozoon which will now be described under the name of Acoleus hedleyi. This parasite is a large multi-segmented worm of about 230 mm. in length, with a maximum breadth of nearly 4 mm. At the anterior end is the scolex which is scarcely any wider than the succeeding segments, being 0-7 mm. in breadth. The length excluding the rostellum is about 034 mm. Owing to the fact that the rostellum is completely withdrawn in the single scolex in my possession, very little can be said of it or of its armature The suckers have a diameter of 0-26 mm., the apertures being directed almost anteriorly. There is no unsegmented neck region, segmentation being recognisable immediately behind the head. The first proglottis is about 0-6 mm. wide by 0"065 mm long, the ratio of breadth to length being approximate]}' 9:1. At 17 mm. from the anterior end the strobila becomes much broader, the posterior margins of the segments now projecting prominently whereas in the case of the first few segments the projection is slight. At 10 mm. the breadth is nearly 3 mm. the length being 043, the ratio being 7:1. At 70 mm. behind the scolex the breadth is 3-6 mm. the length having increased to 17 mm., the ratio thus being about 2 : 1. At 100 mm., the dimensions are 3*8 mm. and 2-4 respectively, i.e. nearly 3 : 2, while at 150 mm. they are 4-2 and 2*5 respectively. The final segments are very thick (22 mm.) more or less quadrate structures 3-5 mm. broad by 3*0 mm. long. The increase in thickness takes place as maturity progresses. Body-wall, Musculature, etc. — Below the thin cuticle is a well defined subcuticular layer with circular and longitudinal muscle fibres. The musculature of the parenchyma is very similar tn that of Acoleus vagiuatns, and Gyrocozlia perversa, as described by Fuhrmann68. The most external of the system is a mass of transverse muscle fibres within which are the powerful bundles of the outer series of longitudinal muscle. Within the latter is a very strongly developed layer of transverse fibres which in their turn surround the inner longitudinal series consisting of very prominent bundles. Within this there is a third ring of » i Johnston— Journ. Hoy. Soc. N. S. Wales, xliv., 1910, p. 94. «8 Fuhrmann Centr. Bakt., Abt. 1., xxvi., 1899, pp. 618, 621. TYPES OF SPECIES OF CKSTODA — KKKFFT. 25 transverse fibres, these forming the boundary between the cortex and the medulla (PI. iw. tig. 5). The inmost transverse muscu- lature is the weakest of the three. The longitudinal bundles are considerably elongated in the dorso-ventral direction. The inner bundles each possess from thirty to forty fibres, whilst the outer have about twenty. The differentiation into inner and outer series is still recognisable laterally though the bundles become much weaker. Dorso-ventral fibres are relatively powerful though not numerous. Scattered throughout the cortex are rounded calcareous corpuscles having a diameter of from O007 to 0015 mm. Nervous System. — The nervous system is seen to consist in each segment of three pairs of relatively large, longitudinal strands situated in the lateral region. The main nerve lies dorso-laterally to the ventral excretory vessel, the dorsal and ventral accessory nerves lying dorso-laterally, and ventro-laterally respectively from the main nerve. The strands all lie well within the inmost transverse muscular layer. The dorsal accessory and the. main nerve pass dorsally over the cirrus sac, the other nerve lying ventrally to it. Excretory System. — This system consists of the usual two pair of vessels, the ventral pair being much larger than the dorsal. The dorsal trunks possess a lumen of O026 mm., and lie median wards from and just dorsally to the ventral vessel. The surrounding parenchymals very rich in nuclei. The ventral pair have a diameter of about O085 mm. Both vessels are dis- placed dorsally in the region of the genital duct, the latter passing ventraliy to them. A noteworthy point is the presence in the posterior region of each segment of two transverse excretory vessels, a narrow tube connecting the dorsal vessels and a wide tube lying immediately below it and connecting the two ventral vessels. This feature has already been mentioned by Fuhrmann as occurring in Acoleus vag'inatus. The ventral trunks were readily traceable into the scolex (see PI. iv., rig. 1). Each became somewhat sinuous and eventually reached the level of the anterior margin of the suckers as a wide vessel which bent round to pass backwards for a short distance, and then trans- versely behind the retracted rostellum to meet its fellow from the opposite side. Probably the course is different when the rostellum is everted. A narrow commissure connecting the limbs of the loop was detected near the level of the mid-region of the suckers. The dorsal vessels were not traceable into the scolex. 26 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. Genitalia. — The genital pores alternate regularly5 9. Each is situated in a shallow cloaca on a prominent papilla just in front of the middle of the margin of each segment. When the cirrus is everted the papilla projects very considerably as is shown in PI. iv., tig. 4. A female pore is absent. The male organs are situated in the anterior portion of the proglottis in front of the female genitalia. The testes are numerous, there being about one hundred and fifty arranged in a transversely-lying group of 1 -85 mm. in breadth, in the anterior third of the segment. They form a well defined mass which is rather wider at the extremities than in its mid-region. There is no grouping of the glands into two distinct series such as is figured by Fuhrmann00 as occurring in Acoleus vaginatus. There are two or three rows in the dorso-ventral direction. The vesicles are restricted to the dorsal portion of the medulla. Their diameter is about O070 mm. Passing through the middle of the mass, is a collecting tube into which the vas deferens from each gland opens. From near the middle of the collecting vessel there passes away the vas deferens which travels below and usually in front of the testes. After a short course laterally it enters the powerful cirrus sac without having been thrown into any coils. Just within the cirrus sac the vas becomes much enlarged to form a vesicula seminalis. From this the cirrus passes out laterally as a tube with strongly muscular walls and a rather narrow lumen. It lies more or less coiled when at rest, the coils being restricted to the inner half of the cirrus sac. As previously mentioned, the genital duct, or rather the cirrus sac, lies ventrally to both excretory vessels and the main nerve, all of these structures being displaced dorsally in this region. The cirrus sac is a very long and powerful cylindrical organ occupying one of the upper corners of the segment. In its position of rest it is 0-8 to 120 mm. long by about 0*26 mm. broad. Its outer wall consists of a thick layer of muscular tissue while the space between this and the male canal is traversed by the fibres of the retractor muscle of the cirrus, which passes back from the cirrus to be inserted into the sides of the inner portion of the sac (PI. iv., fig. 4). Passing inwards from the external wall of the latter, there is a very prominent retractor of the sac, the fibres of this muscle coursing inwards from the sac to be inserted into the ventral region of the medullary parenchyma. G9 In a few instances the cirrus sac was seen to open on the same side in two successive segments. B0 Fuhrinaim — Loc. tit., p. 621. TYPES OF SPECIES OF CESTOIM — KREFFT. 27 The cirrus when fully everted is seen to be a relatively large organ of about 05 mm. long, with a breadth of 0.16 nun. at its base and tapering slightly towards the extremity. It is beset with a great number of very powerful hooks set spirally and as closely as their enlarged bases allow. Each hook has the form shown in PL iv., fig. 4, the base being about 0-0145 mm. long. The total length of hook is 0 022 mm. Tlie length of the structure is somewhat less than that of the cirrus hooks in Acoleus armatus. Besides, the shape is seen on comparison with Fuhrmann's tigure to be different, being intermediate between the latter and that of Acoleus crassus, Fuhrm.61 The base is sunk into the cirrus wall, oidy the claw remaining projecting. The female genitalia are characteristic in that there is neither a female aperture nor a vagina. The ovary is a rather broad organ (08 - 0'92 mm.) lying in the middle of the segment and possessing the general form of an arch, the cavity of which faces postero-dorsally. The gland consists of a large number of small tubes which are not readily separable into two groups or wings. In section it is seen that the organ is really bilobed, the middle piece or bridge being rather wide when compared with the size of the ovarian tubes. The bridge is situated quite ventrally, 1\ ing immediately above the inmost layer of transverse muscle fibres, the tubes being given oft in an antero-dorsal direction. The short oviduct travels posteriorly and slightly dorsally from the middle of the organ. The vitelline gland is a large solid organ of an elongate kidney shape, being about 0-40 mm. broad. Its cavity faces forwards and slightly dorsally, the whole organ lying at the same dorso-ventral level as the ovary, the shell gland lying at a more dorsal level than either. The posterior border of the vitellarium is slightly lobed. The vitello-duct is very short, passing forwards and upwards to the shell gland, which is a small rounded organ lying just antero-dorsally to the yolk gland. Situated in the transverse plane between the ovary and the vitelline gland, is a long thin receptaculum seminis, the outer ends of which may be more swollen than the remaining parts. This structure is connected at its middle with the oviduct just in front of the shell gland. In regard to the closely allied Acoleus armatus, Fuhrm. (=A. vaginalis (Rud.), Fuhrmann)62 states that the powerful cirrus seems to be able to penetrate some part of the parenchyma to liberate spermatozoa which S1 Fuhrmann— Centr. Bakt., I., xxviii., 1900, p. 370-1. 62 Fuhrmann— Centr. Bakt., I., xxvi., 1899, p. 621. 28 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM succeed in reaching the thin walled receptaculum and pass thence into the oviduct. Lying between the testes and the ovary is the uterus, a long, transversely placed, simple tube which becomes modified later by the development of pouches or lobes anteriorly, posteriorly and ventrally. At first this organ is confined to the dorsal portion of the medulla at about the same level as the main mass of the testes, but with advancing ripeness the lobes develop and come to reach the ventral limits of the medulla. The fertilising duct appears to pass forwards above the ovary to enter the uterus somewhat ventrally in its mid-region. The eggs are rounded or elliptical, possessing two shells, the diameter of the outermost being O022 mm., that of the embryo being 0-009 mm. The poles of the inner shell are somewhat thickened as in Aco/eus vaginatus6 8 . A few remarks regarding the genital rudiments may not be out of place. They become distinctly recognisable in the third segment as a transverse deeply staining area in the middle of the proglottis. Within a distance of one mm. from the anterior end, the rudiments of the cirrus sac, ovary and vitellarium are easily distinguishable and at a very short distance further back one may recognise the testes, uterus and receptaculum seminis. All the structures, especially the cirrus sac, develop rapidly in size. In regard to the affinities of Acoleus hedleyi, it seems to approach very nearly to A. vaginatus (Rud.), Fuhrm., the main points of difference being the much greater length of the former — an unimportant detail — the number and disposition of the testes, and the armature of the cirrus. Typical specimens have been deposited in the Australian M useum. TAENIA CORONATA, Kretft. (Plate v.) A Cestode taken from the White-headed Stilt (Hiinantopus leucocephalas, Gould), in the Hunter Rivet District, New South Wales, was originally described by Krefft61 as Taenia coronata. The name, however, was already pre-occupied in the genus, having been used by Creplin in 1829 for a tapeworm (Choanotce- nia coronata) from certain other Charadriid birds in the Old »s Fuhrmann Centr. Bakt., I., xxviii., 1900, p. .S70 ; Krabbe — Bi drag til Kimdskab om Fu^l.ucs Baendelnrme, 1869, fiR. 189. 64 Kreflt— Trans. Entom. Soc. N. S. Wales, Li., 1873, pp. 220-1. TYPHS OF SPECIES OF CKSTODA — KREFFT. 29 World. Consequently, a new specific name, australieiisis, was suggested by me65 as the two parasites are distinct. It was also mentioned that the worm appeared to be a Dilepis. It is really a Gyroccelia, my error arising from the fact that in the jar containing the type specimen, there were present a number of fragments of a species of Diorchis, whose possession of unilateral genitalia and sac-like uterus led me to regard it as a Dilepis. Further examination of the latter showed it to be a typical Diorchis, viz. D.jiavescens (syn. T. jlavescens, KreflTt) found in various ducks, the specimens evidently having been placed by mistake into the same receptacle as those from the Stilt. Dried fragments of Gyrocodia australiensis were also found amongst the type material of Tceuia rugosa, Krefft, i.e. Acoleus hedleyi, mihi. Krefft's account is very unsatisfactory. He mentioned that the total length of the strobila was three and a half inches, the anterior fourth being thin and tapering, and that the scolex possess-ed four large suckers and a short rpstellum. The rest of his information is of no value. There is only a scolex-less fragment in the Museum collection. Sexually mature segments are about 0-37 mm. in length by 0-89 mm. in breadth, the ratio being 2 : 5. In those proglottids in which the uterus has assumed its final form the length (O0G0 mm.) is much shorter and the breadth (0296 mm.) rather greater, the ratio being 1 : 5. The amount of overlapping is not very great. Body-wall, Musculature, etc. — The state of preservation did not allow of any details being given regarding the subcuticular structures. The cuticle is quite thin. The parenchyma muscu- lature is very peculiar and resembles in general type that found in other members of the Acoleidse, one of which A. hedleyi has already been referred to. The longitudinal bundles are very powerful, consisting of two well-marked concentric series, the bundles of the outer possessing from twenty to thirty fibres, while those of the inner series have from twenty to fifty. The bundles become much smaller laterally but the rings do not become broken. The trausverse musculature is quite typical for the genus. The outermost series is very well developed. The middle series, which lies between the two longitudinal rings is also well-marked though not so powerful as the outer. The inmost series is quite weak and was seen only in a few of the sections. Dorso-ventral fibres are easily recognis-ed. « s Johnston— Journ. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales, xliv., 1910, p. 95. 30 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. Calcareous corpuscles are fairly abundant, rounded or elliptical structures varying from 5-4/x, by 7/x to 7"5/x by 11/n. Tbe excretory system is similar to that described in Acoleus Iiedleyi. The vessels are situated in the medulla well within the musculature. The ventral stem is rather larger than the dorsal, both possessing a fairly wide lumen. The latter lies some little distance above the former, the male duct passing between them. At the posterior end of each segment there are two transverse excretory vessels, a dorsal and a ventral, connecting each dorsal and ventral longitudinal trunk respectively. The only portion of the nervous system recognised was the large longitudinal nerve situated laterally from the excretory vessels. It passes just below the genital duct, being displaced somewhat ventrally. The genital system is also characteristic and resembles that of Cyrocoslia perversa as described by Fuhrmann66. The male openings alternate irregularly and are located in front of the middle. of the lateral margin of each proglottis. There is no prominent genital papilla excepting when the cirrus is more or less protruded. When the latter is at rest there is a narrow canal leading from the genital pore to the male duct. Female ■apertures are absent. The genitalia appear very early, the uterus and other parts being recognised in the youngest segments examined. The male organs consist of a small group of about five small testes lying transversely in the middle of the anterior part of the segment in front of the female glands and uterus, and approx- imating to the dorsal surface ; they disappear early. A trans- versely placed collecting duct receives their secretion. From the middle of this duct the vas deferens passes forwards and then laterally. It travels outwards, passing just below the dorsal excretory vessel, to enter the cirrus sac. A small swelling or vesicula seminalis may be present on the inner portion of the duct. After entering the sac, the vas becomes thrown into a few coils lying in the inner end of it. This narrow duct widens to form the eversible cirrus, a wide tube of from 0033 to 0 067 mm. in diameter whose inner wall is thickly studded with slender hooks possessing a small basal portion, and a delicate back ward ly projecting portion 0-006 nun. long. The sac as already mentioned lies between the excretory trunks and above the longitudinal nerve. It is a rather large organ of about 030 mm. in length, 'Fuhrmann— Centr. Bakt., L, xxvi., 1899, pp. ii:<'. TYPES OF SPKCIKS OF CKsrODA — KREFFT. 31 with ii maximum breadth of 014") mm. In general shape it is cylindrical or pyriform, being usually of the latter form in sexually mature segments. Its outer wall contains powerful muscles within which there is abundance of a loose parenchy- matous tissue pervaded by muscle fibres acting as retractors of tlie cirrus. There are also well-defined fibres passing inwards from the inner end of the sac itself, their function being that of retractors of the sac. The walls of the vas deferens within the sac contain well-developed "longitudinal and circular muscle fibres. When everted the cirrus is seen as a relatively short (0275 mm.) tube with a broad base (0-10 mm.) tapering considerably towards the free end which measures 0 027 mm. in diameter. The muscular fibres mentioned by Fuhrmanu"7 as passing from the cirrus sac to the cloacal wall in G. perversa were distinctly seen in G. austral iensis, more especially in early sexual maturity. The female system lacks a vagina. The ovary is a very extensive organ occupying the middle of each proglottid. At maturity it forms a compact mass of about 0 34 mm. in breadth, reniform in shape, the vitellarium and shell gland lying in the posteriorly directed hilus. In younger segments one may readily recognise a transverse bridge connecting the two ovarian lobes ; each lobe is very greatly branched. Some of these branches or tubes lie in the dorsal portion of the medulla, the uterus commonly passing between them in the lateral regions of the gland. Portions of the ovary maj' extend forwards to lie below the anterior section of the uterus and even the testes. The bridge lies ventrally. The oviduct passes backwards and slightly dorsally to enter the shell gland. A receptaculum seminis was not recognised though it seems reasonable to expect the presence of some reservoir in which sperms may be stored. The vitelline gland is a conspicuous reniform organ lying behind the ovarian bridge, and dorso-posteriorly to the shell gland which may at times partly overlie it. The vitellarium and the ovarian bridge lie at the same dorso-ventral level, the rather large rounded shell-gland being situated more dorsally than either of them. The vitello-duct passes away dorsally from the hilus of the gland to join the oviduct within the shell complex. The uterine duct leaves the shell-gland dorso-anteriorly .is a narrow tube which passes forwards above the ovary until it reaches the uterus, opening into it in the median line just behind the testes. The uterus is a very characteristic organ resembling that of other species of Gyrocailia in being ring-like. In young fiT Fuhrmann — hoc. cit., p. 619. 32 RKCORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. proglottids it is a simple ring lying in front between the testes and the ovary, laterally just outside of the main mass of the latter gland and frequently between the outer portions of laterally-directed ovarian tubes, and posteriorly, just above the vitellarium on the same dorso-ventral plane as but behind the shell-gland. As development progresses, the uterine wall becomes more or less deeply pouched, especially on its outer side. The cavity becomes filled with a structureless substance which is probably of a mucous nature. A similar occurrence has been noted by Fuhrmann"8 in the uterus of Gyroccelia leuce. As in the latter species and in G. perversa there is present in the mid- line at the posterior end of each segment a dorso-ventral canal into which the uterus comes to open. Neither this canal nor its rudiment was recognised until sexual maturity had been reached. In G. perversa, Fuhrmann"''1 found the rudiment appearing early and was able to trace its development. ISipe eggs were not present in the fragment. The known species of the genus G. perversa, G. brevis, G. leuce and G. paradoxa, Linst. 70, as well as the species under review, are all from birds belonging to the Charadriifoimes and seem to be very similar anatomically, the main difference being in regard to their musculature, the structure of the cirrus and the geographical distribution. T^NIA PEDIFORMIS, Krefft. There is only a single specimen of this parasite in the Museum collection. It was taken from Anas superciliosa, Gmel. Krefft mentioned Anas punctata, i.e. JVettion caslaneum, Eyton, as another host. Linstow, Wolff hugel and Fuhrmann7 x have already suggested that this species may be synonymous with Tamia malleus, Goeze, i.e. Fimbriaria fasciolaris, Pall., a statement with which I have agreed7-. A further examination of KrefJVs specimen confirms the opinion and consequently his name must «s Fuhrmann— Centr. Bakt., I., xxviii., 1900, p. 372. 69 Fuhrmann— Centr. Bakt., I., xxvi., 1S99, p. 620. 70 Linstow — Spolia Zeylanica, iii., 1906, p. 183; Fuhrmann — Zool. Jahrb. Syst., Suppl. ]'.«!., x., Heft 1., 1908, p. 87. 71 Fuhrmann— Zobl. Jahrb., Suppl. Bd. \., Heft 1., 1908, p. 91. Wolffhttge] Beitr. Kenntnia Vogelhelm., Inaug., Biss., 1900, p. 80.; Linstow — Centr. Bakt. Orig., I., xii., 1S92, p. 501. *• Johnston— Journ. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales, xliv., 1910, p. 98. TYPES OF SPECIES OF CESTODA KREFFT. 33 sink into synonymy. The parasite is very poorly preserved and does not allow of a satisfactory account of its structure being given. The known geographical range of F. fascioldris, Pall., is now greatly widened by the inclusion of two Australian hosts, Anas superciliosa. Gmel., and Nettion castaneum, Eyton. TiENIA CYLINDRICA, Krefft. (Plate vi.) Krefft's specimens were taken from the intestine of a Black Duck (Anas superciliosa, Gmel.) and are very indifferently preserved. However, enough of the anatomy was made out, to allow of my recognising that they were specifically identical with a few parasites which I collected along with //. collaris, Batsch, (Titnia bairdii, Krefft), from A. si^erciliosa, shot near Sydney in the latter part of 1910. An examination of Krefft's species shows it to be a Hymenolepis and to be synonymous with II. megalops, Nitzsch. In view of the fact that Ransom73 has carefully described and figured the anatomy of H. mega/ops, only a short account, more or less confirmatory in nature, need be given here. This author appears to have been the only recent writer who has had an opportunity of studying the species under review. Stiles 74, in 1896, gave a summary of former accounts and added a few figures of the scolex. Since Krefft's specimens are strongly contracted, the following account has been based mainly on my own forms. Most of the tapeworms measure about 16 mm., one of them being a fragment which contains six-hooked embryos. The breadth is fairly uniform, measuring about 06 mm. The almost spherical scolex (PI. vi., fig. 1) is relatively very large and prominent, its breadth and thickness being IT mm. The deep, powerful suckers have a diameter of 038 mm. and are directed antero-laterally. Situated on the apex of the head is the opening leading into the rostellar cavity. Segmentation begins immediately behind the scolex, the width in this region being 0-55 mm., gradually increasing to 06 mm., this latter breadth being maintained almost to the end of the worm. The final segments in some of the specimens, are slightly narrower and longer than those further forward, and, " Ransom— Trans. Amer. Micro. Soc, xxiii., 1901 (1902), pp. 158-167. *± Stiles-Bull. Bur. Anim. Ind., Dept. Agr. U.S.A., 12, 1896, p. 59. 2a 34 RECORDS OF THE AUSTKALIAN MUSEUM. besides, no eggs were present in them. Owing to the presence of very deep intersegmental constrictions, there is considerable overlapping, the proglottids being somewhat bell-like. The corrugated appearance noted by Dujardin and by Ransom is evident. Lying unilaterally in the posterior half of each segment, is the genital pore situated on a slight projection. Sections were not cut, hence the relations of the muscular and subcuticular structures were not followed out. Ransom gives a detailed account of the nervous and excretory systems. The main vessels of the latter system are to be recognised in the segments, their arrangement being indicated in PI. vi., figs. 2 and 3. The sex ducts pass above both excretory canals and the longitudinal nerve. Calcareous corpuscles are very abundant in the cortical tissue. Male Genitalia. — The three testes lie in the posterior half of the segment, one being situated on the pore bearing side and the other two on the other side of the median line. Their arrange- ment varies somewhat as may be seen on comparing their position in PI. vi., figs. 2 and 3, their disposition in fig. 2 resembling that drawn by Ransom. The vas deferens is a short thick, somewhat swollen tube passing forwards to enter the cirrus sac within which it becomes considerably swollen to form an elongate, rather wide, thin-walled inner vesicula seminalis, occupying the major portion of the inner half of the sac. Fz*om the outer end of this vesicle a narrow duct passes inwards towards the inner end of the cirrus sac, to bend round and again travel outwards as the cirrus which may or may not lie somewhat coiled within the sac. The inner wall of the cirrus carries a great number of closely set bristles which in the everted organ, project backwards. The cirrus can be protruded to a distance of at least 016 mm. The sac is relatively very long, being from 0-3 to nearly 05 mm. in length, the breadth being 0-04 mm. in its outer part and 006 mm. in its inner portion. Its inner extremity lies postero-dorsally to the ovary, the sac extending from this region postero-laterally in front of the vitelline and shell glands and above the vagina to terminate at the male pore. The latter opens into the narrow genital cloaca just above and behind the female pore. Female Genitalia. — The ovary is a comparatively large, solid gland lying ventrally in the extreme anterior portion of the segment. It frequently possesses an irregularly bilobed shape. Behind it is the small compact vitelline gland which overlies the shell gland dorsally. TYPES OF SPECIES OF CESTODA KREFFT. 35 The vagina extends inwards from the female pore, its main mass lying in front of and somewhat ventrally to the cirrus sac. Though its opening is narrow, the duct soon becomes widened to act as a reueptaculum seminis. As it passes below the sac just in front of the testes which lie on the right hand (i.e. the pore- bearing) side, it again becomes narrowed and eventually reaches the middle of the segment where it comes into relation with the other female ducts. The uterus develops dorsally to the ovary, but ventrally to the male organs. It finally becomes a well-defined rounded or rectangular sac fPl. vi., fig. 4), the only other portion of the genitalia persisting at this time being the vagina and the cirrus sac. As mentioned by Ransom, the anterior margin of the uterus lies practically at the junction between the segment to which it belongs, and the preceding one. The eggs are from 34 to 42/x in diameter, the oncosphere measuring from 23 to 26/a by from 19 to 23/x, and its hooks 11/x. If the foregoing sketch be compared with Ransom's account, it will be admitted that the parasites are specifically identical. The finding of H. megalops in Australian Anatidse thus greatly widens the range of this Cestode, as the host in question ranges over Australia and New Guinea. This helminth has so far been recorded (according to Fuhrmann's list)75 from ten species of Anseriform birds ranging over Europe, North Africa, North and South America and now from Australia. ™ Fuhrmann— Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. Bd., x., Heft 1, 1903, pp. 149-158. III.— REFERENCE TO LETTERING OF THE FIGURES. a.s. c. accessory sac. cirrus. p.n.c. posterior nerve commis sure. c.e.v. commissural excretory vessel. pr. r. prostate cells. rostelluni. c.h. cm. cirrus hooks, cirrus musculature. v.s. s. receptaculum seminis. sucker. c.n.f. c.r. concomitant nerve fas- cicle, cirrus retractor. s.c.c s.c.c m. subcuticular cells, subcuticular circular muscle. c.s. cirrus sac. S.C.I. m. subcuticular longitud- c.s.m. c.s.r. cu. cirrus sac musculature, cirrus sac retractor, cuticle. S.g. t. inal muscle, shell gland, testes. d.e.v. d.tr.v. d.v.m. dorsal excretory vessel, dorsal transverse vessel, dorsoventral muscle- tr.v. tr.m. • ] transverse excretory vessel. g.c. fibres, genital cloaca. tr.m tr.m 2, - transverse muscles. g.e. genital eminence. tr.m. ., I g-P. genital pore, genital rudiments. u. u.d. uterus, uterine duct. l.n. longitudinal nerve. u.o. utci ine opening. l.m. j V. vagina. l.in. 1 l.m. 2 ) longitudinal muscles. v.d. v.g. vas deferens. vitelline gland. l.a.n. longitudinal accessory v.e. v. ventral excretory vessel. nerve. V.S. vesicula seminalis. >i. oil. nerve, oviduct. v.tr. \ v.d. ventral transverse vessel, vitelline duct. ov. ovary. The figures were drawn by Mr. \V. A. Birmingham from the author's original camera-lucid a drawings. THE MYRIAPODA in the AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. PAKT I. — ClIILOPODA. By H. W. Brolemann, Pau, (Figs. 1-34). Thanks to the kindness of the Trustees of the Australian Museum, I have been permitted to examine the Myriapods exist- ing in the cabinets of the Museum, and for such favour I wish to express my sincerest thanks to whom it is due. The material submitted for examination is small, but would certainly assume an importance adequate to the rank of the branch amongst the Arthropoda, should attention be drawn to these highly interesting animals, and should some means of identifying the species be offered to lovers of Nature. A plain list of names and localities would not have answered the purpose; the diagnoses are distributed through many different periodicals and are difficult to obtain without considerable loss of time. It has, therefore, been considered a better plan to add to the observations furnished by the material of the Museum, full descriptions borrowed from the more recent authors and as complete synonymical indications as possible. Thus, students will have close at hand material for comparison as well as the necessary particulars for identification. May this attempt to win sympathies to the cause of the much disregarded Myriapods meet with some success. OHILOPODA ANAMORPHA. SCUTIGEROMORPHA. Genus Allotherelu, Verhoeft, 1905. Allothereua maculata (Neivport)) 1844. (Figs. 1-4), Cermatia maculata, Newport, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1844, xiii ; Trans. Linn. Soc, 1845, xix. Cermatia maculata, Newport and Gray, Cat. Myr. Brit. Mus., 1856. 3 38 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. Cermatia australiana, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844. ,, ,, Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Scutigera australiana, Gervais in Walckenaer, Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt., 1847. Scutigera maculata, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. „ ,, Meinert, Vid. Meddel. Naturhist. For. 1884, 1884-1886. Scutigera maculata, Haase, Ber. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 1887, 1886-1887. Scutigera maculata, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1901,(7), viii. Scutigera Smith ii, Haacke, Zool. Garten, 1886, xxvii (nee Newport). Cermatia Latreillei, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844. Thereuonema maculata, Verhoeff, Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin, 1904. Allothereaa maculata, Verhoeff, Zool. Anz., 1905, xxix. Haase, 1887, has given the following description : — " Robust, von vorne nach der Mitte wenig verbreitet, nach liinten zu mit Ausnahine der zwei letzten Segmente nicht versch- m'alert. Farbe hell, schon grunlich weiss, der Kopf mit einem blaugriinen Mittel fleck und solchen Seiten ; Ruekenplatten fast ganz hlaugriin, mit Ausnahine der stets weissen Stoinasattel ; winkel der Augen aus gehen nach innen selir deutlich die an •Rande diclit und laug bedornten, schwarzlich gefarbben, weib vorspringenden Horner der Stirnnaht, die durch einen queren, ziemlich stumpfen Winkel vereinigt werden. Der verlangerbe Mitteleindruck wild vorn zwischen den Fuhlern dutch zwei sich schief kreuzende quere begrenzb und Verlaufb vor deni Hinterrand • der Augen in einer hinten versehmalerten, nachen und breiten, den stark aufgebogenen, bedornten Hinterrand des Kopfschildes nicht erreichenden Verbiefung. Fiihler rostrotb, 1| mal so lang als der Leib, oft ner eine 15 nun. vom Kopf entfernte Knickung, bis zu der 130-140 Ringel vorkominen. Am Endgliede stehen kurze, scluiell zugespibzte Sinneszapfchen. Maxillarorgan unentwickelt. Giftklaue unten dicht bebiirstet. Basalplabte in der Tiefe liegend. Vorderrand der ersten Stom- aplatte stark und schmal nach oben abgesetzt, mit sbarren, nach hinten gerichteten Dornen bewehrt. Stomaplatten von der Seite gesehen mit gelbem sammetartigen •Glanz, der von einer sehr grossen Menge feiner, nach hinten zuriickgelegter und ganz flachanliegender, auf langlichen Warzen stehender Stachelchen herkommt. Am Rande kurze schwarzbraune Dornen •und darunter doppelb so lange rostgelbe Haare. Die feine gelbe Beliaarung lasst auf den Schilden besonders ausserhalb des hellen Raumes jederseits der Mittelbinde •einzelne, meisb apfelgriine, seidenglanzende Stellen frei. Bedornung unregelmassig, Dornen oft gekriimint, meist zu 2 oder 3. Hinterrand der letzten Stomaplatte flach, mit zahlreichen Dornchen besebzt ; letzte Riickeuplatte hinten stark verschmalert und gerundet, loffelartig vertieft, mit nach oben aufgebogenem Rande ; dieser mit zwei Reilien starker Dornchen und Borsten besetzt. Hiiften wie die Bauchscliilde rostgelb behaart. Tibia •oben und unten dicht und stark rotlibraun bedornt, dazwischen rostgelb behaart ; Metatarsal i en unten mit nach hinten gerich- teten Haaren besetzt." Verhoeff, 1904-05, has drawn attention to the ornaments of the tergal sclerites of the Scufcigeridffi as well as to the distribution of spurs and spines on the different joints of the legs, and on their systematic value. The same author adds some particulars which are not reproduced here as these agree with bhe observa- tions recorded above (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. A. Newport. maculata, 6th, 7th, and 8th terga. 40 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. Fig. 2. A. maeulata, Newport. Posterior margin of the 7th leg, enlarged. Fig. 2 shows the setae, setules and spines to be found on the terga of A. maeulata, as well as the remarkable association of spines coupled with spinules which according to Verhoeff (Figs. 2 and 3) is one of the main characters of the genus. Fig. 3. A. maeulata,. Newport. $ appendages. Femora, patella and tibia are the only joints provided with spurs, thus : — Femora : — Leg 1 : 1 dorsal median ; 1 ventral median. Leg 2-14: 1 dorsal median and 1 dorsal posterior j. 1 ventral median. Leg 15: 1 dorsal median; 1 ventral median. Fig. 4. A. maeulata, Newport. Four penultimate rings of tarsus of 10th pair ; a, the so-called " taraal-zapfen "; b, hooked bristles. MYRIAPODA — BRuLEMANN. 41 Patella : — On all legs : 1 anterior ; 1 dorsal median ; 1 posterior. The ventral surface is destitute of spurs, but bears two spines which are the tip-spines of the ventral- anterior and ventral-posterior row of spines of this joint (Fig. 4). Tibia : — Leg 1 : 0 dorsal ; 1 ventral median and 1 ventral posterior (the latter may be missing occasionally). Legs 2-14 : 1 dorsal median ; 1 ventral median and 1 ventral posterior. Leg 15: 1 dorsal median ; 0 ventral. The following table shows the number of rings of the protarsus and of the tarsus of each le°; : — Protarsus. Tarsus. Remarks. Leg 1 14 — 13 34—33 2 12—13 33—33 3 11 — 11 31—31 4 10— U 29—32 5 9- 9 29—30 6 9- 9 29-28 7 9— 8 28—. . 8 8— . 29—. . left leg missing. 9 . — . . . — . . both legs missing. 10 .— 8 . .—29 right leg missing. 11 8- . 29 (at least) left leg missing. 12 .— 8 * . .—31 right leg missing. 13 9— 8 34—33 14 .— S . .—36 right leg missing. 15 — over 300— right leg missing, left truncate. On another specimen with anal legs broken at the tip, over three hundred rings could be numbered. It may be that this figure is far from the true number of rings as, towai'ds the end, these grow smaller, less distinct and very irregular, so as to render it a difficult task to distinguish then from one another. Spines are to be found on the femora, the patella, the tibia and the protarsus. They begin to appear on : — the femora from the 4th pair of legs. the patella from the 4th or 5th pair of legs. the tibia from the Gth pair of legs. the protarsus from the 5th or 7th pair of legs, as per adjoined table : — 42 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. MYKIAPODA — BROLEMAN'N. 43 None of the antennae were entirely preserved ; the following are the numbers of rings observed in the best specimen : — Right antenna :— Joint i, seventy-six rings ; joint ii, two hundred and thirty-five rings ; joint iii, broken after the one hundred and forty-second ring. Left antenna : — Joint i, seventy-two rings ; joint ii, one hundred and ninety-eight rings; joint iiir broken after the nineteenth ring. An immature $ specimen furnished with two pairs of well- developed, single jointed styli, measured 12 mm. in length. The last terga showed the typical coupled spines but less numerous. Most of the legs were broken oft". On the remaining legs the spurs appeared to be disposed as in adults, except that the poste- rior spur of the patella was missing on the Hist left leg and that the ventral posterior spur of the tibia was not found to exist before tlie tenth right leg. The number of rings of the protarsus and tarsus were tlie following : — Protarsus. Tarsus. Remarks. Leg 1 12 25 right leg missing. — — both legs 2—6 missing. 7 7 20 right leg missing. 8 7 22 left leg missing. 10 i 23 left leg missing. 11 6—6 24—26 12 / 25 left leg missing. both legs 13—15 missing. No spines could be detected on the joints before the eighth leg. Legs eight to twelve were provided with spines as shown below : — Leg. Femora. Patella. Tibia. Protarsus. "3 00 3 - u z Z < > O ■I. "3 CO o s 6/7 11 z Z < 3 > o a> CO o 4 8 9/6 9 Distal. Dorsal. o CD 2 5 ►> o ® en O No spines. 8 9 10 11 12 ..J 2 ..) 12 ...| 17/15 -! lfi 6 9/7 14 5 10 14/10 15 5 3 1 44 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. The antennas were composed of a comparatively smaller number of rings : — Right antenna : — Joint i, fifty-one rings ; joint ii, ninety-six rings ; joint iii, broken after the one hundred and fifty-fifth ring. Left antenna : — Joint i, sfxty-six rings ; joints i. and iii., broken after the one hundred and sixtieth ring and showing no partition between joint ii and joint iii. Amongst other characters of the group, Verhoeff, 1904, ■{Loc.cit., p. 258) mentions the existence of so called " Tarsal- zapfen." Fig. 4 drawn from the tenth pair of legs of the g specimen, gives an idea of these minute organs (a). The next ying bristles (/3) assume a peculiar shape, being thickened at the base and hooked at the apex. Loc. — Bourke, N. S. Wales; five specimens, three adult (J) and •one immature £. CHILOPODA EPIMORPHA. SCOLOPENDROMORPHA. Genus Rhysida, Wood, 1863. Rhysida 1 (longipes, Newport, 1844). It is not easy to decide whether this specimen belongs to Newport's species or to R. subinermis, Meinert, as both anal legs are missing. Loc. — Condamine River, South-east Queensland; one specimen, July, 1898. Genus Ethmostigmus, Pocock, 1898. Ethmostigmus rubripes, Brandt, 1840. ■Scolopendra rubripes, Brandt, Bull. sc. Acad. Petersb., vii., 1810. Scolopendra rubripes, Gervais in Walckenaer, Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt., 1847. Scolopendra spinulosa, Brandt, Loc. cit., 1840. „ sidcidens, Newport, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii., 1844. MYRIAPODA — HKOLEMANN. 45 Scolopmdra squalid ens, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844. Gray, List Myr. Brit. Mus., 1844. Scolopendra squalidens, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. ,, scabriventris, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844; Gray, Loc. cit., 1844. Scolopendra sulcicornis, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844. ,, megacephala, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844. rapax, Gervais, Loc. cit. {nee. Haase), 1847. Heterostoma sulcidens, Newport, Trans. Linn. Soc, xix., 1845. Heterostoma stdcidens, Gray, Loc. cit., 1844 ; Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. Heterostoma sulcidens, Newport and Gray, Cat. Myr. Brit. Mus., 1856. Heterostoma sulcidens, Kohlrausch, Arch. Naturg. Troschel, 1881. Heterostoma sulcicornis, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845 ; Gray, Loc. cit., 1844. Heterostoma sidcicornis, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Heterostoma fiava, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845; Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. Heterostoma flava, Newport and Gray, Loc. cit,, 1856. ,, megacephala, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845; Gray, Loc. cit., 1844. Heterostoma megacephala, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Heterostoma megacephala, Kohlrausch, Loc. cit., 1881. fasciata, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845 ; Gray, Loc. cit., 1844. Heterostoma fasciata, Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. „ Jasciatnm, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847 ; Meinert, Vid. Med. Nat. For., 1884. Heterostoma crassipes, Silvestri, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xxxiv., 1894. Heterostoma rubripes, Haase, Ber. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 1887, 1886-87. Heterostoma rubripes, Daday, Term. Fuz., xii., 1889; Lbid, xiv., 1891. 46 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. Heterostoma rubripes, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xi.,. 1893. Heterostoma rubripes, Silvestri, Loc. cit., 1894. ,, ,, Attems, Jena Denk., viii., 1898. Ethmostigmus rubripes, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), viii., 1901. Ethmostigmus rubripes, Kraepelin, Mit. Nat. Mus. Hamburg, xx., 1903. Kraepelin, 1903, has given the following description of Brandt's species : — " Fiihler 20 gliederig, Glieder liinger als breit. Riickenplatten vom 2 oder 3 Segment gefurcht, vom 6 oder 7 berandet, glatt. Sternocoxal platte mit 3, 3 Zahnen, Bauchplatten meist nur mit schvvachen Andeutungen der Medialfurchen in Gestalt flacher Beulen in den mittleren Segmenten ; letzte mit Medianfurche, am Hinterrande tief bogig ausgerandet oder fast rechtwinklig ausgeschnitten. Pseudopleurenfortsatz kurz, die letzte Bauch- platte nicht oder kaum nm deren Lange iiberragend, am Ende 2 spitzig, seitlich mit 2 starken Dornen, dorsal mit 3-5 auf dem bogig gewolbten lliicken in einer Linie stehenden Domchen. Beinpaare meist im 1-3 Segment mit 2 Tarsalspornen, 20 meist mit Tarsalsporn. Femur der Analbeine venti.al aussen fast stets mit 3 Dornen (sehr selten 2), ventral innen ebenfalls 3 Dornen, Innenflache und dorsal meist 4 in 2 Reihen gestellte Dornen, dazu Eckdorn. Fiirbung selir variabel, dunkel braungriin bis orangegelb oder ockergelb mit griinen Hinterrandern der Segmente, tfcc, Beine gelb. Liinge dis 115 mm." Some minor variations could be observed, such as : — margins of the terga starting on the fifth segment ; three lateral spines on the coxal process of anal legs ; two tarsal spurs on the iegs of the fourth segment; but these variations are hardly worth mentioning. Not so is the fact that the four proximal joints of antenme are naked. Locs. — Penrith1?; one specimen. Bourke and Wilcannia, Darling River Hoods. May-June 1890; one specimen, coxopleunv and legs of fifteenth pair Somewhat abnormal in shape, and armature (individual abnormity) : same locality; one specimen typical. Condamine River, July 1898; one specimen, full grown: same locality, one specimen not fully developed. Sinit htield, N. S. Wales; one specimen. Solomon Islands; live Specimens. MY IMA I'd I) A— BROliBMANW. 47 Genus Cormocephalus, Newport, 1844. COHMOCKPHALUS AURANTIIPES, Newport, 1844. Scolopendra aurantiipes, Newport, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii., 1844. Scolopendra aurantiipes, Gervais in Walckenaer, Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt., 1847. Scohj>endra subminiata, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844 ; Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. Scolopendra obscura, Gervais, Loc. cit. (nee. L. Kocli), 1847. „ puncticeps, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1S47. Scolopendra brevis, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. ,, mhiiata, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. Cormocephalus miniatns, Newport, Trans. Linn. Soc , xix., 1845. Cormocephalus miniatns, Newport and Gray, Cat. Myr. Brit. Mus., 1856. Cormocephalus subminiatus, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845. „ „ Gray, List.. Myr. Brit. Mus., 1844. Cormocephaltis subminiatus, Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Cormocephalus subminiatus, Haase, Ber. K. Zoo). Mus. Dresden, 1887, 1886-37. Cormocephalus obsenrtis, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Cormocephalus gracilis, Kohlrauscli, Iuaug. Dissert. Marburg, 1878. Cormocephalus gracilis, Kohlrauscli, Arch. Naturg. Troschel, 1881. Cormocephalas pygomegas, Kohlrauscli, Loc. cit., 1881. Rhombocephalus brevis, Newport, Loc. cit., l84o. Cormocephalus aurantiipes, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845; Gi\ay, Loc. cit., 1844 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856 ; Kohlrauscli, Loc. cit., 1881. Cormocephalas aurantiipes, Meinert, Vid. Med del. Naturliist. For., 1884. Cormocephalus aurantiipes, Meinert, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, xxiii., 1885. 48 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. Cormocephalus aurantiipes, Haase, Loc. cit., 1887 ; Pocock, Biol. Cent. Amer., 1895; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), viii., 1901. Cormocephalus aurantiipes, Kraepelin, Mit. Nat. Mus. Hamburg, xx., 1903. Kraepelin, 1903, has redescribed Newport's species as follows :— " Kopfplatte dicht punktirt, mit deutlichen Basalplatten in den Hinterecken und 2 nach vorn bis zur Mitte des Kopfes reichenden medialen Langsfurchen. Fiililer 17 gliedrig, 6 Grund- glieder glatt und glanzend. 1 Riickenplatte dicht punktiert; mediale Langsfurchen vom 2-20 Segment durchgehend entwickelt ; Berandung vom 7 oder 8 (selten vom 9) Segment bis 20 segment ; letzte Riickenplatte mit durchgehender Medianfurclie, fein punk- tiert, am Hin terrain! e bogig vorgezogen wie bei den iibrigen Arten. Sternocoxalplatte mehr oder weniger dicht punktiert, vorn meist mit Medianfurclie, die nach hinten eine zarte, gewellte, meist wenigstens an den Seiten erkennbare Querfurche erreicht oder schneidet ; Zalmplatten etwas breiter als lang, jede mit 4 Zahnen, von denen der iiussere etwas mehr isolirt ist. Bauch- platten vom 2-20 Segment mit duichgehenden 2 Medialfurclien, fein punktiert ; letzte nach hinten verjiingt, meist etwas langer als am Grunde breit, mit seichtem Medianeindruck, am Hinter- rande flachbogiggerundet. 1 bis 20 Beinpaarmit Klauenspornen Pseudopleuren in einen ziemlich sclilanken Kegel ausgezogen, am Ende 2 spitzig, am Hinterrande der Pseudopleuren kein Seiten- dorn. Femur der Analbeine etwa 2|-2^ mal so lang wie dick, ventral meist nach, oft mit gewulsteten Bandern, auf dem Aussenrande eine Langsreihe vom 3 starken Dornen ; auf dem inneren Rande in der Grundhalfte 2 Dornen, auf der Innennache distal 1 Dora, dorsal innen 2 Dornen, dazu ein starker, 2 spit- ziger Eckdorn ; Endklauen gross, oft so lang wie der letzte Tarsus, mit starken Klauenspornen. Stigmen lang dreiecki^ bis schlitzformig. Farbung gelbbraun bis schmutzig oliv, beijuv. auch dunkel oliv, Kopf und 1 lfukenplatte oft mehr gelbroth, auch das Endsegment nebs t den Analbeinen oft heller; Hinter- rander der S-'grnente zuweilen dunkler griin ; Beine gelb, bei juv. zuweilen griinlich. Liinge bis 100 mm." It is noteworthy that one of the Port Stephens specimens has no spines at the claw of the anal legs. The Parramatta specimen is quite young. Locs. -Port Stephens, N. S. Wales; two specimens. Parramatta, N. S. Wales; one specimen. MYRIAPODA BROLEMANN. 49 CORMOCEPHALUS AUBANTIIPBS MARGINATUS, l Porat, 1876. Cormocephahts marginatus, Porat, Bill. K. Svensk. Vet. Akatl. Handl., iv., 1S76. Cormocephahts aurantiipes marginatus, Kraepelin, Mit. Nat. Mus. Bamburg, xx, 1903. According to Kraepelin, 1903 : — " Der Hauptform durchaus gleichend, aber die letzte Riicken- platte oline Medianfurche. Die Berandung der Riickenplatten beginnt bei den vorliegenden Stiicken stets ini 7 Segment. Die Riickenplatten sind fast immer griin berandet." Here also the margins on the terga begin with the seventh segment. Loc. — Narrabri, N. S. Wales ; one young specimen. CORMOCEPHALUS BREVISPINATUS SULCATUS, Sltbsp. HOV. (Fig. 5.) Dark olive green ; legs and antenna? paler ; toxicognats rusty. Length 76 mm.; breadth of first tergum 6*50 mm. of second, 6 mm. of sixteenth, 6*50 mm. of the twenty-first, 5 50 mm. (measurements taken on the largest specimen). Head plate, first tergum and maxillipedes obsoletely punctured. Head plate of even length and breadth (4 50 mm.) ; anterior margin rounded ; posterior margin angular with the apex engaged under the anterior margin of the first tergum. A pair of triangular, short, but transversely stretched plates2 exist behind the posterior angles of the head. First tergum wide but without any furrow. The two usual median furrows are to be seen from the second tergum to the twentieth. The marginal furrows are distinct on the last five to eight terga, but scarcely 1 The trinomial nomenclature is in aecord with Dr. Brolemann's M.S. It is not used in the Australian Museum. 2 Several authors call these plates " Basalplatten ", a name which does not seem appropriate. The so-called basal plate of Geophilids is the tergum of the maxillipedes ; but since, in Scolopendrids, the latter is fused with the first dorsal tergum, it is likely that these plates lying in front of it belong to the last cephalic segment, viz. to the second pair of maxillre. It is proposed therefore to call these plates " postcephalic ". 50 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. so on the two preceding terga. The last tergum is shorter than long (in the proportion of 4-5-50), with moderately produced and rounded posterior margin, and with a distinct median sulcus. Antennae 14 mm. in length, reaching at least as far back as the anterior margin of the fourth segment; 16-17 jointed, with the basal 7-9 joints naked. Dental plates of maxillipedes as long as wide with four teeth, of which the three internal are more or less coalesced, the fourth standing apart. The anterior fourth of the coxosternum of the maxillipedes is sulcate in the middle, the sulcus meeting back- wards a transverse sulcus more or less distinct, sometimes hardly visible, at any rate very irregular. Behind the middle a shallow impression is generally to be seen. .Sterna from the second to the twentieth with two entire longi- tudinal sulci. Last sternum hardly longer than wide at the base, truncate at the apex with sides converging. Another specimen has the last sternum rounded at the apex and provided behind the middle with a very large and deep circular impression, which has to be considered as abnormal. Legs of the first pair slender. On all the legs the spines are wanting at the distal end of the first tarsal joint, but are present at the base of the claw. The posterior angle of the coxo- pleurse of fifteenth pair is pro- duced in a very small conical process, not longer than broad at the base, tipped with two tiny spines. Posterior margin armed laterally with a minute spine (Fig. 5). The porous area is wider than the pleural part, thrilled with minute pores and leaching the poster- ior margin of the cuxa?, leaving untouched a short and narrow linear space in front of the process. Joints of the anal legs short and stout ; the measure- ment of the first three joints give the following figures : — liFig, 5. C. brevispinatus sulcalus, Brolemann. Last leg bearing seg- ment, ventral view. Femora : Length 4 mm. ; breadth at the apex 2-25 mm. Patella : Tibia 2-80 mm. ; 210 mm. ; 1-50 MYRIAPODA — BROLEMANN. 5*1 Femora armed with : — (2)-3 spines on the ventral-outer edge. 2 ,, on the middle of the ventral-inner edge. (l)-2 ,, on the distal half of the inner surface. 2 „ on the dorsal-inner edge, besides two more on the distal-inner end of the joint which is merely swollen and not produced as in other species. The claw is nearly as long as the preceding joint and is accompanied with thin spines. There is no doubt that this form is nearly related to Koch's C. brevispinatus, but since the last tergum shows a median sulcus (which is deficient in the type), it is necessary to give it a new name. Loc. — Bourke and Wilcannia, Darling River floods, May and June, 1890 ; seven specimens. Cormocephalus westwoodi, Neivport, 1844. Scolopendra Westwoodii, Newport. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii., 1844. Scolopendra Westwoodii, Gervais in Walckenaer, Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt., 1847. Scolopendra puncticeps, Gervais, Loc. cit.,1 1847. ,, polita, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1 1847. Cormocephalus Westwoodii, Newport, Trans. Linn. Soc, xix., 1845. Cormocephalus Westwoodii, Gray, List Myr. Brit. Mus., 1844. Cormocephalus Westwoodii, Newport and Gray, Cat. Myr Brit. Mus., 1856. Cormocephalus Westwoodii, Kohlrausch, Arch. Nature Troschel, 1881. Cormocephalus Westtvoodii, Haase, 1887, Ber. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 1886-87. Cormocephalus Westwoodii, Silvestri, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova xxxiv., 1894. Cormocephalus Westwoodii, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist (7), viii., 1901. Cormocephalus rugnlosus, Porat, Ofvers. K. Svensk. Akad. Handl., xxviii., 1871. Cormocephalus rugidosus, Porat, Ibid. Bihang, iv., 1876. 52 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. Cormocephalus rugulosus, Meinert, 1884, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. For., 1884-8. Cormocephalus lanatipes, Kohlrausch, Inaug. Dissert. Marburg, 1878. Cormocephalus lanatipes, Kohlrausch, Loc. cit., 18S1. Rhombocephalus politus, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Rhombocephalus politus, Kohlrausch, Loc. cit., 1881. Kraepelin's description, 1903, runs thus: — " Kopfplatte zerstreut punktirt, mit deutlichen Basalplatten in den Hinterecken und 2 nach Vorn his zur Mitte des Kopfes reichenden medialen Liingsfurchen. Fuhler 17 gliedrig, 6^ bis 10 Grundglieder glatt und glanzend, nicht scharf von den behaarten Gliedern abgesetzt. Mediale Langsfurclien der Rucken- platten im 2 Segment beginnend ; Berandung im 8 oder 9 Seg- ment (selten schon im 7) beginnend ; letzte Riickenplatte mit durchgehender Medianfurche. Sternocoxalplatte zerstreut punk- tiert, ohne erkennhare gewellte Querfurche im vorderen Drittel ; Zahnplatten meist etwa so lang wie breit, jede mit 4 zahnen, von denen die 3 inneren etwas verschmolzen sind. Bauchplatten vom 2-20 Segment mit 2 durchgehenden Langsfurclien, ohne Mediangruben ; letzte nach hinten sehr stark verjiingt, etwas langer als am Grunde breit, mit oder ohne schwache Median- depression, am Hinterrande gestutzt, die Ecken kaum gerundet. 1-20 Beinpaar mit Klauenspornen. Pseudopleuren in einen kegelformigen, am Ende 2 spitzigen Fortsatz ausgezogen, Hinter- rand der pseudopleura meist mit Seitendorn. Femur der Anal- beine hochstens doppelt so lang wie breit, unterseits oft mit flachgrubiger Area, ventral aussen normal mit 2, 2 Dornen, ventral inn en in der distalen Halfte mit 2 Dornen (dazu oft basal noch ein winziges Dornchen), lnnenflache ebenfalls distal mit 2 Dornen, dorsal innen 2 Dornen, dazu ein 2 spitziger Eck- dorn ; Endklaue ohne Klauensporne, die Endglieder zuweilen etwas kurzborstig (C. lanatipes, Kohlr.). Stigmen kurz bis gestreckt dreieckig. Fiii'lmng oliv, oft mit hellerer Medianlinie, Seiten- und Hinterrander der Segmente zuweilen dunkelgriin, Kopf und 1 Riickenplatte meist gelbrot. Liinge bis 80 mm." Loc. — Smithfield, N. S. Wales ; one very large specimen, measuring 90 mm. in length, answering in all its details the above description. The anal legs are very short and thickened, more so than in young or small adult specimens ; the two tarsal joints are very short, the claw is twice as long as the p?'eceding tarsal joint and very sharp. MYRIAPODA — BROLEMANN. 53- Genus Scolopendra, Linne (Newport), 1735. SCOLOPENDRA METUENDA, Pocock, 1895. Scolopendra metuenda, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), xvi., 1895. Scolopendra metuenda, Pocock, in Willey's Zool. Results, 1898. ,, ,, Kraepelin, Mit. Nat. Mus. Hamburg, xx., 1903. Mr. R. I. Pocock gives the following description of the single specimen preserved in the collections of the British Museum : — " Colour. The terga a deep olive-chestnut, head nearly black ; antenna?, legs, and sterna rather greener than the terga ; at the posterior end of the body the chestnut colour predominates on the somites. Head, without sulci, finely punctured, a little wider than long. Antennae long and slender, composed of nineteen or twenty long cylindrical segments, whereof the basal five are smooth, though punctured, and the rest pubescent. Maxillipedes finely punctured, the precoxal plates very short, but wide, with convex distal edges, each furnished with upwards of a dozen or more small, in parts nearly obsolete, teeth, which present the appearance of having been worn away ; the femoral process simple, small, and curved back against the appendage. Tergites. First without either longitudinal or transverse sulci ; on the rest the longitudinal sulci start upon the third and extend to the twentieth, but are everywhere faint (except upon the extreme anterior and posterior edges of the terga), and almost die out in the middle of the body ; a faint shallow median longi- tudinal furrow upon the terga. The lateral margin from the third to the twenty-first elevated. Sternites smooth and shining, weakly bisulcate. Anal somite small ; tergite not measially sulcate, its width equal to the length of its lateral margin, hut a little less than its median length ; pleura? densely porous, terminating in a blunt process, which is tipped with four or five small spines ; sternite long and narrow, posteriorly attenuate, with truncate hinder edge, its basal width about two-thirds of its length ; legs long and slender, nearly four times the length of the head, the segments cylindrical and about four times as long as wide j 54 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. femora armed with about fourteen small spines, 3, 3, 2 in three longitudinal rows on the inner surface and 3, 3 in two rows on the external half of the lower surface ; the femoral process aimed with from four to ten small spines; no tarsal spur, claw basally spurred. The rest of the legs long and slender, with a tarsal spur. Measurements in millimetres. — Total length, 163, of antenna, 37, of anal leg, 41 ; width of head, 10-5, length, 10; width of twelfth tergite, 14, of twenty -first, 8." The only individual variations worth noticing ate the follow- ing. With the large specimens, the six proximal antennal joints, and in one case the basal half of the seventh are naked whereas Pocock's type is said to have only five smooth antennal segments. The spine armature seems to vary considerably, on one of the large specimens the femora bore 2,3 or 3,3 on its ventral-outer edge, 2,2,2 or 2,3,2 on the inner surface ; the other large specimen had five or six spines on the ventral-outer edge and sixteen or nineteen irregularly spread on the inner surface ; while on a young specimen were observed 3,3 (or 6 irregular) on the ventral-outer edge and 2,3,2 (or seven irregular) on the inner surface. Loc. — Solomon Islands ; three specimens. SCOLOPENDRA MORSITANS, Linnd, 176G. Scolopendra aljzeli, Porat, Of v. K. Svens. Akad. Fbrh., xxviii., 1871. Scolopendra algerina, Newport, Ann. -Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii., 1844. Scolopendra algerina, Newport and Gray, Cat. Myr. Brit. Mils., 1856. Scolopendra angnlipes, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844 ; Trans. Linn. Soc, xix., 1845. Scolopendra angnlipes, Gray, List Myr. Brit. Mas., 1844. Scolopendra angnlijies, Gervais in Walckenaer, Hist. Nat. Ins. Apt., 18*17. Scolopendra angnlipes, Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. ,, ,, Sauss. and Zehnt. in Grandidier, Hist. Nat. Madagascar (texte), 1 902 ; Abh. Senkenb. Nat. Gea., xxvi , 1901. Scolopendra attenuate, Porat, Loc. cit., 1871. MYRIAPODA— BROLEMANN. 55 Scolopendra bHineata, Brandt, Bull. Sc. Acad. Peterab., vii., 1840. Scolopendra bilineata, Newport, Loc. ci(., 1844; Gervais, Loc. cit , 1847. Scolopendra bilineata, Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856; Tomoswary, Term. Fuz., ix., 1885. Scolopendra brachypoda, Peters, Naturw. Rei.se Mossambique, v., 1862. Scolopendra brandtiana, Gervais, Ann. Sc. Nat. (2), vii., 1837 ; Loc cit., 1847. Scolopendra brandtiana, Gervais, Voyage Castelnau, vii., 1859. Scolopendra brandtiana, Brandt, Loc. cit., 1840. ,, ,, Lucas in Blanchard, Hist. Nat. An. Artie, 1840. Scolopendra brandtiana, C. Koch, SySt. Myriap., iii., 1847. ,, ,, Saussure, Essai faune Myr. Mexique, I860. Scolopendra califomica, Humb. and Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., xxii., 1870. Scolopendra califomica, Humb. and Sauss., Mission Sc. Mexique, 1872. Scolopendra carnipes, Humb. and Sauss., Loc. cit., 1870 ; Loc. cit., 1872. Scolopendra chlorocephala, Porat, Loc. cit., 1871. Scolopendra ciyignlata, Gervais, Loc. cit. (nee. auct.), 1847. ,, cognata, Porat, Loc. cit., 1871 ; Bih. K. Sv. Akad. Hand., iv., 1876. Scolopendra compressipes, Wood, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., v., 1863. Scolopendra crassipes, Brandt, Loc. cit., 1840. ,, elegans, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. ,, erythrocephala, Brandt, Loc. cit., 1840 ; New- port, Loc. cit., 1844; Loc. cit., 1845 ; Gray, Loc. cit, 1844 ; Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. Scolopendra erythrocephala, Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856 ; Tomoswary, Loc. cit.. 1885. Scolopendra Fabricii, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845; Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. Scolopendra Fabricii, Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. 56 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. Scolopendra formosa, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845 ; Gervais,. Loc. cit., 1847. Scolopendra formosa, Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 185b\ ,, fidvipes, Brandt, Loc. cit., 1840 ; Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. Scolopendra fidvipes elegans, Brandt, Loc. cit., 1840. ,, gervaisiana, C. Koch, Die Myriopoden getreu, A:c, 1863 [nee. Koch, 1841 and 1847, Gervais, Lucas). Scolopendra Grandidieri, Sauss. and Zehnt. in Grandidier, Hist. Nat. Madagascar (atlas et texte), 1897 ; Loc. cit., 1901. Scoloi^endra impressa, Porat, Lioc. cit., 1876. ,, infesta, C. Koch, Loc. cit., 1847 ; Loc. cit., 1863. ,, intermedia, Porat, Loc. cit., 1871. ,, leachii, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844 ; Loc. cit., 1845 ; Gray, Loc. cit., 1844. Scolopendra Leachii, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Scolopendra leachii, Porat, Loc. cit., 1871. ,, limbata, Brandt, Loc. cit., 1840 ; Newport, Loc. cit., 1845; Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Scolopendra lineata, Sauss. and Zehnt., Loc. cit., 1902 (nee. Gervais). Scolopendra longicomis, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844 ; Loc. cit., 1845 ; Gray, Loc. cit., 1844. Scolopendra longicomis, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Scolopendra longicomis, Porat, Loc. cit., 1876 (nee. Fabri- cius). Scolopendra lopadusce, Pirotta, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xi., 1878. Scolopendra loi)adus(e, Kohlrausch, Arch. Naturg. Troschel,. xlvii., 1881. Scolopendra marginata, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad., ii., 1821. Scolopendra marginata, Brandt, Loc. cit., 1840; Lucas, Loc. cit., 1840. Scolopendra marginata, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1837 ; Lioc. cit.,. 1847 ; Loc. cit'., 1859. MYUIAPODA BROLEMANN. 57 Scolopendra marginata, Bollman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46, 1893. Scolopendra morsicans, Gervais ex. p., 1837, Loc cit. (excl. syn.), 1837 ; Lucas, Loc. cit., 1840; Pocock, Ann Mag. Nat. Hist,, (7), i., 1898. Scolopendra morsitans, Linne, Syst. Nat,, ed. xii., et auct., 17GG (nee. C. Koch, 1863, Villiers, Rossius, Kutorga, Pal. Bauveis, Kohlrauscli, 1881, n° 14, Karsch, 1881). Scolopendra ynossambica, Peters, Monatsb. K. preus. Akad. Wiss., xxix., 1855. ■Scolopendra pella, Wood, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad , 1861. ,, picturata, Porat, Loc. cit., 1871. ,, pilosella, Porat, Loc. cit., 1871. ,, planipes, C. Koch, Loc. cit., 1847 ; Loc. cit., 1863. Scolopendra platypoides, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844 ; Loc. cit., 1845; Gray, Loc. cit., 1844. Scolopendra platypoides, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Scolopendra platypus, Brandt, Loc. cit., 1840 ; Newport, Loc. cit., 1844 ; Gray, Loc. cit., 1844. Scolopendra platypus. Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847; de la Sagra, Hist. fis. Cuba, 1856. Scolopendra platypus, Hunib. and Sauss., Loc. cit., 1872 ; Gerst'acker, Decken's Reisen Ostafr., iii., 1873 ; Porat, Loc. cit., 1876. Scolopendra platypus, Karsch, Berl. entom. Zeits., xxv., 1881. „ ,, Rainbow, Austr. Mus. Mem., iii., 1897. ,, porphyrotaznia, Wood, Loc. cit., 1861. ,, Ricliardsoni, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845; Gray, Loc. cit., 1844 ; Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Scolopendra saltatoria, Porat, Loc. cit., 1871. Scolopendra scopoliana, 0. Koch, Wagner's Reise Alg., iii., 1841 ; Loc. cit., 1847. Scolopendra scopoliana, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847 ; Lucas, Explor. Sc. Alger., 1849; Ann. Soc. Entom. France, (3), i., et Bull., 1853. Scolopendra scopoliana, Karsch, Arch. Naturg. Troschel, xlvii., 1881. 58 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. Scolopendra scopoliana, Mattozo, Journ. sc. Acad. LisVioa 1881. Scolopendra scopoliana, Pocock, Ann. Mag Nat. Hist. (6)t vii., 1891. Scolopendra spinosella, Sauss. and Zehnt., Loc. cit., 1897. ,, tigrina, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845 ; Gervais, Loc, cit., 1847. Scolojyendra tongana, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. Scolopendra tuberculidens, Newport, Loc. cit., 1844 ; Loc. cit.r 1845; Gray, Loc. cit., 1844. Scolopendra tuberculidens, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Scolopendra tuberculidens, Humbert, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Geneve, xviii., 1865. Scolopendra vaga, Porat, Loc. cit., 1871. ,, varia, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845 ; Gervais, Loc. cit., 1847. Scolopendra varia, Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. ,, Wahlbergi, Porat, Loc. cit., 1871. Eurylithobiv.s Slateri, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), xvii., 1876. Earylithobius Slateri, Pocock, Loc. cit., 1891. Heterostoma elegans, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Heterostoma Julvipes, Newport, Loc. cit., 1845 ; Newport and Gray, Loc. cit., 1856. Kraepelin, 1903, gives the following description : — " Kopfplatte zerstreut schwach punktiert, ohne Langsfurchen. Fiihler 18-21 gliedrig (selten einerseits 17 gliedrig oder bis 23 gliedrig), ineist 19- oder 20 gliedrig, 6 7 (selten 8-9) Grundglieder glatt und glanzend. 1 Riickenplatte kaum punktiert, ohne Halsringfurche ; die medialen Langsfurchen im 2 oder 3 Seg- ment beginnend bis zum 20 Segment; Beiandung sehr variabel und wahrscheinlicb bei $ und £ veischieden, oft schon im 5 (oder sogar schon im 3) Segment beginnend, oft aber audi erst in den rnittleren Segmenten (im 8, 11, 13, &c), zuweilen auch erst in 18 oder 19 Segment, obne dass diese Verschiedenbeiten eine Trennung nach geographischen Gebieten zuliessen ; letzte MYRIAPODA -BHiiLE.MANN. 59 Ruckenplatte fast stets:J mit erkennbarer, durchgehender Median- furche, ybit t, nicht punctiert, ihr Hinterrand flachbogig vorgez- ogen. Sternocoxalplatte zerstreut punktiert, oftmit Andeutung einer Medianfurche, ohne Querfurche; die Zahnplatten wenig breiter a] a lang, jederseita mit ziemlich deutlichen 4-5 Zahnen, von denen jedoch die 2 innei'en meist etwas verschraolzen und kleiner sind als die iibrigen. Bauchplatten glatt, vom 2-20 Seg- ment mit 2 medialen Langsfurchen, die aber in den letzten Segmenten meiat nicht bis zum Hinterrande durchgehen ; letzte Bauchplatte kaum so lang wie breib, nach bin ten verjiingt, ihr Hinterrand gestutzt-gerundet, vor demselben meist flache Median- depression. 1-19 Beinpaar mit 1 Tarsalsporn, 20 nieist ohne, seltener mit Tarsalsporn. Pseudopleuren mit ziemlich kurzen, kegelformigem Fortsatz, am Eude meiat 4 spitzig, seltener 3- oder 5 spitzig, dazu am Hinterrande der Paeudopleura meiat ein Seitendornchen ; die Porenarea in der Hinterhalfte der Pseudo- pleura den " Umschlagsrand " der letzten Riickenplatte nicht erreichend. Femur der Analbeine bei juv. achlank, bei ad gedrungener, dorsal meist flacb, beim £ aussen (und oft audi innen) breit berandet, beim ro memoriam. MYJUAPODA BRoLEMANN. 61 (Mandible with its ventral part enlarged and fringed with spined bristles ; with or without a blunt tooth at the apex.) Coxosternum of first maxillae undivided (all the elements distinct from one another ; lateral palpi present or missing). Coxosternum of second maxilla? divided into two plates (which remain in contact on the middle line); sternal and pleural parts fused together and with the corresponding coxa5 (without chitini- zed suture ; anterior inner angle provided with a conical, more developed process ; last joint armed with a smooth claw). Tergum of maxillipedes much narrowed anteriorly ; inner margin of pleura? almost parallel ; (joints and claw of maxillipedes armed with more or less developed teeth). Sterna destitute of porous area ; last sternum narrow. Anal legs, including coxa, seven jointed, the last joint being tipped with a claw coxa bearing isolated pores. (Anal pores present). Type. — Pachymerinus millepunctatus (Gervais 1 ), Silvestri. Several species have been recorded from the Pacific slope of South America, but it is uncertain if they belong to the Genus Pachy- merinus as outlined above. Pachymerinus froggatti, sp. nov. (Figs. 6-17). LJ*£ Parallel sided on the anterior two-thirds of the body, then tapering backwards. $ : Length 28 mm. — Breadth of the first tergum 1 mm. ; of the penultimate 0.40 mm. — 55 pairs of legs. Cephalic plate longer than broad (in the proportion of l-50to 0-85), leaving uncovered a large part of the maxillipedes. Anterior margin reaching the base of the claw of the maxillipedes, straight, slightly notched in the Fig- 6, P. froggatti, middle ; lateral margins almost parallel ; pos- Brolem. Ceph- terior angles rounded. The surface shows no tergum &oi max- frontal sulcus, but a pale line is to be seen illipeds. 5 Attems, 1909 (Jena Denksehr., xiv. ), admits that the part of the coxos- ternum, hitherto considered as answering the coxa, represents two joints fused together ; but his opinion seems by no means. justified as the sulcus he refers to does not appear to exist. 62 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. and the outer margin is uneven at the very spot where the sulcus could he expected to exist. The hasal furrows are very faint and elderly indicated by irregular rows of punctures rougher at the base than along the sides of the plate. Some other strong punc- tures are to he seen in the distal third (Figs. 6 and 7). Antenna? moderately elongate (4-10 mm.), without any special setae. Median plate of lahruin small, equal to the thirteenth part of the total breadth of the labium, without any process; lateral plates transversely stretched, five times broader than long, fringed with delicately plumose lashes. Pre- labial zone somewhat shorter than broad, furnished with a so-called " Clypealarea" and with but few bristles, say eight in t wo Fig. 7. P.frorjgatti, Brolem. Ceph- rows placed 2 + 6. Sutures of alic plate, ventral view, after removing the mouth-parts. Fig. 8. P.froggatti, Brolem. Labium (the lower branches of the fulcri are missing). Fig. 0. P.froggatti, Brolem. Mandibles in situ, with hypopharynx [hyp.) and lower branches of fulcri, (//. ) t / ; Fig. 10. P.froggatti, Brolem. Apex of mandible: showing the blunt tooth (/); hypopharynx [hyp). cephalic pleurffi distinct (Fig. 8). M a n d i b 1 e provided, beside the pectinate lam- ella, with a blunt ami well chitinized tooth at the apex, MYKIAPODA — BROLBM \N\. G3 and with spined seta; along the ventral margin (Fig. 9). Tliese setre are cylindrical bristles truncate and crowned with a few (3-5) strong triangular spines, as shown in the figure (Fig. 10). Coxosternum of first maxilla' undivided ; only one pair of short acuminate femoral palpi could be detected (Fig. 11). Coxosternum of second maxillse divided but still in contact on the middle line. Sternal and pleural plates fused together and with the „.-,„- . ^ , r .. ° .,, , , ... Fig. 11. P. ffonnatli, Brolem. corresponding coxa without clntinous |irst maxilhe; dorsal view. suture. Anterior inner angle tipped with a short conical pro- cess. Surface provided with n u merous bristles along the anterior and the inner margin. No tooth at the distal outer end of the patellar joint. The last joint bears a short smooth claw (Fig. 12). Tergum of maxil lipedes narrow, its sides converg- ing strongly in front. Coxosternum of maxilli- pedes some- what broader than long, with punc- Yig. 12. P. froyqatti, BviAem. Second maxillse , tured surface ' ventral view. 64 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. and with a distinct median sulcus running; through. Anterior n:argin slightly notched allowing the tooth-like angle of the coxa to appear. Little is to be seen of the pleurae from below ; their inner margin is almost parallel (Fig. 13). Femora and claw armed, the former with two chitinized tubercles along the inner edge, the latter with a short but strong basal tooth ; it is worth mentioning that the trace of suture between femora and trochanter passes above the first tooth in order that the latter has to be con- sidered as belonging to the trochanter. /' l- u Fig. 14. P.froggalti, Brolem. Inner margin of maxillip- edes ; (ft.), femoral tooth ; (trt.), trochanter tooth. A few onl}7 of the anterior terga are faint- ly punctured, every one from the second to the penultimate is bisulcate. Sterna from the second segment with a median sulcus strongly impres- sed but short on the Fig. 13. P. frog- anterior part of the gfti.Bvolem. , , \ i ii Maxillipedes, body, growing gradually ventra] vieW- longer and weaker towards the posterior end. The sterna show besides near the posterior margin — on the anterior segments at least — a rounded swelling which is to be held homologous to what Attems has described for G. corrdlinus as a " zugenformiger happen"; it is scarcely developed with the present species (Fig. 15). / head I anus J Fig. 15. P. froggatti, Brolem. Sternum and eupleurium of 10th segment. (Signs as in Fig. 31). MYRIAPODA — IUMLKMANN. 65 Ventral pores wanting. Presterna divided. Last tergum nearly as long as broad at the base, with margins converging backwards, the breadth of the posterior margin being less than balf the breadth of the anterior. Last sternum as long as broad, narrow, scarcely wider at the base than the preceding sternum and far more narrow than the anal segment — coxa? of anal legs included ; sides feebly converging and slightly convex ; apex truncate. Anal legs rather short, seven jointed (coxa? included), armed with Fig. 16. P.frogy- a claw and furnished with a few long atti, Brolem. bristles and a clothing of tiny short -&-,„ 17 Last leg see- , . ., i e n ing. 17. ment dorsal hairs on the ventral surface. (Joxse P. froggatti, view.' almost parallel sided, showing on the Brolem. Last ventral and lateral surfaces some ten »eg"'jearing , c i • i £ ii segment, ven- to twelve pores, of which four to five in one row tr°j • ' concealed under the lateral margin of the sternum, the others remaining uncovered. Another set of pores is to be seen on the dorsal surface opening beneath the anterior angle of the tergum and the side of its pretergum (Figs. 16 and 17.) Male appendages long, acuminate. Anal pores present but feebly chitinized. This species seems nearly related with Geophilus concolor, Gervais, which has a larger number of leg-bearing segments, say sixty-nine to seventy-one, a cephalic plate abruptly narrowed in front and no pores on the dorsal surface of the anal coxa?. Nothing is known as to the structure of the mouth-parts of Gervais' species. Loc. — Penrith, N. S. Wales ; one £ specimen. Genus Geomerinus, gen. nov. This genus, the type of which is Geomerinus cnrtipes, Haase, only differs from the preceding Paehymerinua by the joints of the anal legs which number six, instead of seven. Since this character ranks as generic amongst the Geophilomorpha, a new division has to be erected for the reception of Haase's species. 66 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. R. I. Pocock, 1901 5, has endeavoured to save from oblivion the generic name Necrophheophagus, and has used it for some Australian species amongst which is G. curtipes, Haase. This could only be justified if 1st, G. longicomis, the type of New- port's genus, proved to be generically different from the other true Geophihis species : and if 2nd, the Australian species were found to be congeneric with G. longicomis. Whatever might be the position of G. longicomis can still be disputed, but it is certain that at least G. curtipes cannot he placed alongside with G. longicomis from which it differs by the structure of the second maxilla?, by the number of joints of the anal legs, &c, &c. Geomerinus curtipes (Haase), 1887. (Figs. 18-25). Geophilus curtipes, Haase, Ber. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 1886-1887. Geophihis curtipes, Attems, Zool. Jahrb., xviii., heft 2, 1903. Necrophheopliagus curtipes, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), viii., 1901. A strongly chitinized, dark coloured species, resembling a Mecistocephalus ; parallel sided in front, slightly tapering in the second half. 9 : Length 67 mm. — Breadth of the first tergum 210 mm.; of the penultimate, 1 nun. — 71 pair of legs. Cephalic plate much longer than broad (in the proportion of 260 to 1'70), anterior margin reaching the base of the claws of maxillipedes. Anter- ior and posterior mar- gins almost straight; lateral margins slight- ly and unevenly curved, the greatest width being in the posterior half. Surface showing two very faint longitudinal impressions in front of the posterior margin, and a Fig. 18. O. curtipes, Haase. Cephalic plate and tergum ; of maxillipedes. Fig. 19. (7. curtipes, Haase. Cephalic plate, ventral view. 5 Pocock— Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), viii., p. 339. MYKIAl'ODA — BROLEMANN. G7 hardly distinct linear furrow about the anterior third in the shape of a broad angle, the apex of which is tinned backwards ; the surface is punctured all over but morn densely and more deeply along the middle line and in front of the posterior angles as well as behind the apex (Figs. 18 and 19). The antennae seem rather long; the right antenna is broken after the 7th joint, the left is entire but does not appear to be normal, and measures 5 mm.; the joints are longer than broad and irregularly beset with bristles. Prelabial zone somewhat shorter than broad, with an irregular row of 5 + 5 bristles near the anterior margin, and a " Clypeal- area " of a subquadi ate shape. Sutures of the cephalic pleura? distinct. Labrum divided into three plates ; median plate small, longer than broad, equal to about the twentieth part of the total breadth of the labrum, smooth ; lateral plates more than four times broader than long, furnished with delicately plumose lashes. f li Fig. 21, G. curtipes, Haase. Three- Ma n d i b 1 e crowned with the usual pec- tinate lamella ; at the distal end of the latter is to be seen a single blunt strongly chitinized tooth shorter spined brist- than the next les °/., *he ,i £ ,i mandible, teeth of the much enlarg. pectinate lam- e(j. ella. Ventral Fig. 20. G. curtipes, Haase. Apex of part 0f t}ie mandible enlarg- the mandible with the blunt tooth it); pi., , when geen {n gU pectinate lomella ; sp., spined bristles. . . F r its margin is parallel to the axis of the body, and is furnished with the peculiar spined bristles as described in Pachymerinus froggatti ; the length of these bristles is about 36/x. (Figs. 20 and 21). Coxosternal plate of the first maxilla? undivided and destitute of palpi; coxal process distinct, triangular, blunt; the next maxillar joint is provided with a rudimental palpus. Coxosternum of the second maxillae divided into two halves on the middle line ; each half is considered as the equivalent of coxa, 68 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM sternum and pleura of one side coalesced into one plate. No division whatever is to be seen ; yet the proximal inner margin shows a reticulate structure covering a wide space which is to be held equiv- alent to the pleural (or to the pleuro- sternal ?) part of the organ. The process of the distal inner angle is rudimental. The bristles are fairly numerous (a dozen or so), and somewhat distant from the anterior margin. Maxillar joints three, rather stout, the distal joint armed with a very short claw (Fig. 22). Maxilli pedes wide, largely emerg- ing sideways from under the cephalic plate, punctured all over. Tergum short, strongly narrowed anteriorly; its surface uneven, punctured. Pleura? covering the dorsal part of the coxae, scarcely visible on the ventral side, their inner margins almost parallel. Coxosternal plate quadrangular, somewhat broader than long with a faint shallow median impression, and with two rudimental teeth in front. Femora long, armed with two blunt tubercles along the inner edge, one in the middle (trochanter tooth) theothernext to the distal angle. Claw long, with a basal short hook-like tooth (Fig. 23). Terga widely punctured ; bisulcate from the first segment, where the sulci are converging anteriorly instead of being parallel as on the following segments. Sterna coarsely punctured on the firsl segments, less so on the middle and posterior segments. Ventral pores wanting. From the second or third segment to the penultimate the sterna are divided by a median short sulcus equal to nearly one-third of the Fig. 22. G. curlipes, Haase. First and second maxillae, ventral view. M V itl A PODA BKoLKM A N N. G£ total length of tlie plate ; it is more deeply impressed at its anterior end and deeper on the first segments than on the last. Besides the anterior sterna .show, immediate- ly in front of the posterior margin, a rounded swelling as wit- nessed on the preceding species. Presterna divided on the middle line. Eupleurium of the Geophilid type. Last tergum a trifle shorter than broad at the base ; sides con- verging gently ; posterior margin Fig. 23. G. curtipes, Haase. Inner margin of maxillipedes. truncate or even somewhat excised in the- middle. Last sternum narrow, not wider at the base than the preceding sternum, longer than broad, truncate posteriorly, with lateral margins evenly convex. Pres- ternum divided. Anal legs short, six jointed (coxa in- cluded), armed with a Fig. 25. G. curtipes, sharp claw, clothed faase" La8t leg-bearing ' .. '. , "t,,c'-1 segment, ventral view, ventrally with short thin hairs. Coxse large, somewhat swollen, uneven and with but s 1 / X / 1 ■ __ \ Fig. 24. G. curtipes, Haase. Last leg-hear- ing segment, dorsal view. 70 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. few tiny setae ; pores numerous spread all over except on the posterior third of the dorsal surface ; the pores are irregular in size, a row of small pores is normally concealed under the lateral margin of tlie sternum (Figs. 24 and 25). Anal pores present. Haase's description mentions that the claw of the maxillipedes, when closed, hardly protrudes beyond the anterior margin of the head, a character which might result from a stronger contraction of the animal. His specimens are said to be furnished with a small tooth inside the third joint of the maxillipedes (missing in the Parramatta specimen), this however is a very unimportant character. Also the last joint of the antenna?, according to the German author, should bear a conical appendage, a fact which could not be controlled here, the antenna? being abnormal. In spite of these differences there seems to be no doubt that the two forms are specifically identical. Loc. — Parramatta, N. S. Wales ; one female. Genus Schizoribautia, gen. nov. (Eupleurium as in Geophilus). Median plate of labrum (more or less developed), destitute of teeth or lashes ; lateral plates fringed. (Mandible with its ventral part enlarged and fringed with spined bristles ; without a blunt tooth at the apex). Coxosternum of first maxilhe undivided, as in Pachymerinus. Coxosternum of second maxilla? divided into two plates (and standing apart from one another on the middle line); coxal, sternal and pleural plates almost entirely free, i.e. not fused together into one plate as in the preceding genus ; (anterior inner angle tipped with a conical process ; patella joint bearing a tooth on its anterior outer angle; last joint armed with a smooth claw). Tergum of maxillipedes narrowed anteriorly ; internal margin of pleurae- parallel ; (inner edge of the femoral joint unarmed). Ventral pores present, condensed on one or two areas on a certain number of sterna ; last sternum wide. Anal legs, coxa; included, seven jointed ; (the last joint tipped with a claw); coxa bearing isolated pores. (Anal pores present). Type. — Schizoribautia raiubowi, sp. nov. MY IMA POD A — liKi) I, i:\IA\N. SUHIZORIBAUTIA UAINIiOWf, sp. 1IOV. (Figs. 2G-34). Body fairly robust, scarcely narrowed anteriorly, taperin" in its last third. 9 : — Length about 50 mm. — Breadth of the first tergum 1-30 mm., in the middle of the body 1-50 mm.; of the penultimate tergum 1 mm. — 65 pairs of legs. Fig. 27. S. rainbowi, Brolem. Labrum. Fig. 26: S. rainbowi, Cephalic plate much longer than broad Brolem. Cephalic (in the proportion of 1 -50 to 0-90), with its SSlStaT- °f 7te"°/ ."""-gi" ~ '»"* "» b— of the claw of the maxillipedes. Anterior margin rounded and notched in the middle ; posterior margin straight ; lateral margins evenly curved. Surface bearing on its posterior half two deep furrows slightly diverging frontwards ; besides it is roughly punctured in front of the posterior angles and at the bottom of the furrows. There is no distinct frontal sulcus, but a faiut transverse depression is to he seen in its stead (Fig. 26). Antenna? long, over one-tenth of the length of the body (5-50 mm.); joints longer than broad ; the five basal joints are Fig> 28 8. rainbowi, Brolem. Apex of clothed with setae long right mandible, dorsal view. 72 RECORDS OP THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. and scarce, becoming more numerous and shorter towards the end of the antenna. Prelabial zone distinctly shorter than long, with a circular area near the apex and shortish setae disposed on three rows placed 2, 2 and 5. Median plate of labrum rather large, its breadth being one-tenth of the total breadth of the labrum ; its surface is uneven hut destitute of t ee 1 1) or 1 a she s. Lateral plates almost twice as broad as long, furnished with but few lashes at the inner end of its posterior edge. Fulcri broad (Fig. 27). Mandible as in the preceding species, but without a blunt tooth at the distal end of the pectinate lamella. The inner convex surface just below the apex is densely clothed with delicate setae (Figs. 28 and 29). Coxosternum of first maxilla; undivided, without lateral palpi ; coxal process long. Next joint bearing a veiy small palpus. Coxosternum of second maxillae divided into two halves which stand apart from one another. Each half is divided into three distinct parts which are considered homologous to the coxa, the sternum and the pleura. The pleural plate stands for itself, being surrounded with membrane ; the sternal plate, in shape of a narrow band, is almost entirely isolated by a membranaceous cleft from the coxa with which it is fused only by its inner (anterior) angle ; the metameric pore is concealed under the inner end of Fig. 29. S. rainbowi, Briilem. maxilla), ventral view. Second Fig. 30. S. rain- bowi, Brolem. Inner margin of maxillipedes. MYRIAPODA — BKoLKMANN. 73 the sternal plate. This peculiar structure comes near to that of the genus Kibautia, in which the sternal and coxal plates are coalesced, the cleft being replaced by a strongly chitinized ridge. The distal inner angle of the coxa is produced into a long conical process. The patellar joint is armed at its outer distal angle with a short, blunt but strongly chitinized tooth ; the claw is long, slender and smooth. The coxal plate bears a set of eight to ten bristles disposed on three rows near the anterior inner margin ; a particularly long bristle can be seen emerging from beneath the patellar joint. Fig. 31. S. rainbowi, Brolem. Sternum and eupleurium of the eighth segment ; si, sternum ; pst, presternum ; 1,2,3,4, pleurites. Terguin of maxillipedes wide at the base, with sides strongly converging; punctured. Inner margins of the pleurae parallel (Fig. 30). Maxillipedes largely overlapping the sides of the head. Coxosternum nearly as long as broad, subquadrate, roughly punctured, with straight chitinized lines almost reaching the condyli of the femora, and a faint median sulcus widened into a dimple in front of the centre. Two rudimental teeth emerge from below the anterior margin which is almost straight. Femora long, without any well defined tubercle although the inner edge is somewhat sinuate and chitinized. Claw strong, with a small basal tooth (Fig. 31). Terga bisulcate from the second segment, widely and faintly punctured on the anterior part of the body. Anterior sterna roughly punctured and provided with a median sulcus; the sulcus does not reach the anterior margin and widens behind the middle into a flat, rounded or fusiform 74 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. dimple the bottom of which is pierced by the ventral pores. On the sterna 32, 33, 34, and to a lesser degree 31 and 35, the median sulcus assumes the shape of a deep, wide, abrupt sided furrow running through from the anterior to the posterior margin. Whether this structure is normal or due to the state of preservation of the only specimen at hand, could not be decided. Further backwards the sulcus grows fainter but never disappears entirely. Porous area wanting on the first and second segment, single from the third to about the twenty-fourth, and divided into two areas from there on up to the penultimate segment ; the areas are difficult to discover on dark well chitinized specimeus, especially backwards, unless the Fig. 32. S. rain- boivi, Brolem. Last leg-bear- ing segment, dorsal vie w (s o m e w li a t schematized). teguments should be prepared on purpose. The sterna are covered with numerous hairs ; these are very short, except the two marginal pairs which are of moderate lengt h. Last t e r g u in almost as long as broad at the base, sides strongly con- verging, somewhat excised behind the middle and run- ning into the posterior margin which is rather rounded. Fig. 33. S. rainbowi, Brolem. Last leg-bearing segment, ventral view. Last sternum wide, its anterior margin wider than the sternum of the preceding segment, truncate, with lateral margins strongly converging backwards ; its surface is divided by: a faint median furrow. M V R I A POD A — Hl{< < I. KM A N N . ,.» The anal leg, coxa included, is seven jointed ; tin- joints are clothed underneath with tiny short hairs intermingled with a few long bristles (Q) ; the last joint is tipped with a moderately strong claw. Coxa swollen; its ventral inner margin is provided with a wide and deep furrow, concealed under the margin of the sternum, in which open the pores of numerous glandulso independent of one another ; three of these (on each side) appear more conspicuous, being nearer to the surface, so that an unwarned superficial observer could easily be mistaken. The free distal end of the same inner margin is swollen and produced, as is often the case with the species of the genus Scheudyla, and is clothed with dense fshort hairs (Figs. 32, 33, 34). Anal pores present. Loc. — Parramatta, N. S. Wales ; a sincrle female. Fig. 34. S. rainbowi, Brolem. Anal leg, ventral view. NOTES on AUSTRALIAN CICADID^. By Howard Ashton. (Plate vii). Division THOPHARIA. Sub-family Cicadinje. Genus Arunt,a, Distant. Arunta flava, sp. nov. (Plate vii., figs. 1 and 2). Head. — Bright yellow, frontal fascia between eyes, four contiguous spots over front, region of ocelli and hind margins of vertex black. Front depressed and invisible from above. Pronotum. — Bright yellow, two central fascia? joining at hind and fore borders, and incisures black. Mesonotum. — Yellow, two inner short ob conical spots, two outer longer fascia? black margined with light castaneous, two spots before cruciform elevation joining a stout central longitudinal spear-shaped stripe, not reaching anterior margin, black. Tegmina. — Transparent, hyaline, immaculate, venation bright ochraceous merging on apices into warm brown. Winys similar, slightly milky on anal area. Abdomen £. — Black, margined with light castaneous, tympanal coverings characteristically sac-like and covered with white tomentum. Anal segment also covered similarly. Abdomen below ^ black, bordered with brown, anal plate yellow ; (j> yellow with central thin, transverse, black fascia?. £ abdomen above light castaneous with central transverse black fascia? on first six segments. Afeasurements. — Length of body, £ .'50 mm.; £ 29 mm.; expanse of tegmina, 90 nun. Obs. — Differs from A. interclusa, Walk., in its lighter colour, smaller size, less produced front to head, powdered white penul- timate segment and unspotted tegmina. Ihdi. — Rat Island, Port Curtis, Queensland, and Tweed River, New South Wales. AUSTRALIAN CICAIMD/E — ASHTON. ' ' Division HEMIDICTYAKIA. Sub- family Tibicinin*:. Genus Lembeja, Distant. Lembeja austkalis, sp. nov. (Plate vii., tig. 3). Colour. — Above fuscous or fuscous reddish. Head.—SmaW, front angularly produced, rostrum tipped with black, barely reaching intermediate coxse. Pronotum and mesonotum.— xMottled with dark brown. Black stripe runs over the cruciform elevation as far as hind margin of first abdominal segment in $ ; in $ is continued along the dorsal ridge of abdomen. Abdomen.— In $ inflated a little, the dorsal apices of the abdominal segments being tremendously produced into a series of overlapping spines which are curved back along abdomen and reach beyond its apex. Opercnla nearly obsolete. Tympana very large and fully exposed. Tegmina.— Opaque, reddish or brownish-grey, venation fuscous and interrupted giving the effect of dotted lines. Wings milky. Measurements.— Length of body $ 22 mm., $ 19 mm.; expanse of tegmina, 56 mm. to 58 mm. Obs.— This is the first species of the genus described from Australia. Several other species have been described from New Guinea, Celebes and Thursday Island. //,<£. —Cape York, North Queensland. Collected by Mr. H. Elgner. Genus Labrakeeya, yen. nov. Head. —Small, about half the width of pronotum. Front deeply sulcnted, rostrum short, barely reaching intermediate - coxa? ; ocelli nearer to eyes than to each other. Pronotum.— Anteriorly as wide, posteriorly twice as wide as head, posterior margin narrow and rounded over the base of the costa. Mesonotum from cruciform elevation to anterior margin 78 RECORDS Of Till! AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM. equal in length to bead and pronotum together, a little broader* than pronotuin. Tympana small, tympanal openings narrow -t. opercula triangular, separate. Abdomen. — As long as head and thorax. Tegmiua. — Costa sharply arcuate in centre, basal area as long as broad ; twice as long as broad at widest point, ulnar veins joined as in MeJampsalta, before basal area. Immensely wide first and third discoidal cells, divided by a very long, narrow discoidal second. Eight apical areas all very short. Wings with six apical areas. LARRAKEEYA PALLIDA, $ sp. 110V. (Plate vii., fig. 4). Head. — Pale ochraceous; eyes and ocelli red. Pronotum, mesonotiim, and abdom en. — Pale ochraceous, beneath pallid, no markings above or below. Tegmina. — Milky, semi-transparent, neuration pallid-ochra- ceous save for apical third of costa, which is red. Wings milky, venation pallid. Measurements. — Length of body 20 mm.; expanse of tegmina 54 mm. Ohs. — ^ not known. llab. — Lawler, Western Australia. Division MEL AM PS ALTR A 1 1 1 A . Genus MELAMPSALTA, Amyot. MELAMPSALTA VIRTDICINCTA, sp. 710V. (Plate vii., fig. 5). Head. —Black, spot behind ocelli, spots above antenna', stripe down centre of face and borders of face narrowly ochraceous. Pronotum. — Fuscous, wider than head, incisures and central fascia black, within centra] black fascia a central short ochraceous stripe. Mesonotum black, two central, inwardly angulated contiguous stripes, lateral edges of scute! lum and borders ot cruciform elevation fuscous yellow . AUSTRALIAN CK'A Ml DM A8HTON1 7'.l Abdomen. — Black, laterally fuscous and greyishly-pilose margined with green on segmental borders. Below, a central, prominent shining black spot bel ween the opercula, which are large and greyish-ochraceous. Abdomen below greyish-testaceous with central black fascia broadening towards apex but ending at anal plate, which is light-testaceous. Tegmina. — Hyaline; casta fuscous margined with black, apically black ; venation deep fuscous merging into black at apex. Wings hyaline, neuration fuscous, Measurements. — Length of body 13 mm. to 11 mm.; expanse of tegmina, 32 mm. to 34 mm. Obs. — Allied to M. incepta, Walk. Hah. — Perth, Western Australia. Melampsalta landsboroughi, Distant. Melampsalta landsboroughi, Distant, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1882, p. 131 ; Goding and Froggatt, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, xxix., 1904, p. 639. Melampsalta telxiope (nee. Walk.), God. and Frogg., Loc. cit., p. 642. Melampsalta landsboroughi, var. convergj.ns, God. and Frogg. Melampsalta convergent!, God. and Frogg., Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, xxix., 1904, p. 633. Obs. — Judging from the determinations of Messrs. Goding and Froggatt in the Macleay Museum Collection, these authors have been misled by the very variable form, both in size and colour of the <£, and in the case of their classification of M. telxiope, Walk., by reliance on a very faded £ specimen, which does not at all agree with their description. The