i

I

I

■
■

RECORDS

OP THE

AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM

EDITED BY THE CUllATOR

Vol. X.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES

R. ETHERIDGE, Junr., J.P

Ciiv a 1 0 V

SYDNEY. 1913-1915.

A'

0

ijiuo

CONTENTS.

No. 1.
Published 8th February, 1913.

Page Plates

Arachnida from the Solomon Islands. By W. J.

Rainbow ... ... ... ... ... ... 1

No. 2.

Published 15th March, 1913.

On a Varanus and a Frog from Burnett River,
Queensland, and a Revision of the Variations in
Limiioihjnastes dorsalis. Gray. By Dene B. Fry ... 17 I. -III.

No. 3.

Published 5th April, 1913.

A very remarkable Species of Spongophyllum from the
Upper Silurian Rocks of New South Wales. By
Rob. Etheridge, Junr. 35 IV. -VII.

No. 4.

Published 19th April, 1913.

On the Early History of the Australian Cassowary

fCasitarhts ansicafis. Wall.) By Alfred J. North 39 VIII. -IX.

No. 5.

Published 17th May, 1913.

Description and Analysis of the Binda Meteorite. By

C. Anderson and J. C. H. Mingaye '.. 49 X.-XIII.

A Catalogue and Bibliography of Australian Meteorites.

By C. Anderson ... ... ... ... ... 55

77 XIV.-

XVIIl.

lo9 XIX.-

XXII.

Published 10th October, 1913.

The Myi-iivpoda in the Australian .Mu.stnuu. Part ii.
Diplopoda. By H. W. Brolemann

No. 7.

Published 19th December, 1913.

On the Status of Chelonia depressa, iAnvm. By Dene B.
Fry

No. 8.

Published 15th August, 1914.

Studies in .Australian Araneidse, No. 6, The

Terretelariai. By W. J. Kainbow 187

No. 9.

Published 3rd October, 1914.

The Genus Kimi'liu-I ijl'm in Ihi' Cretaceous Kocks of

Queensland, liy Kohcrt Ktheridi^e. Junr. ... 271 \.\lll.

X .\' i \-

Note on the Occurrence of the Sand- K'.ock containing
bones of p]xtinct Species of Marsupials (Emu,
Kangaroo, Wombat, etc.) on King Island, Bass
Strait, Tasmania. By William Anderson ... 27n

Published 31st, October, 1914.

llydro/.cia from One Hundred H'athonis, seven miles east

of Cape Pillar. 'J'asmania. Hy. E A. Briggs ... 28;") XXV.

XXVI.

N... II.

Published 5th November, 1915.

Till*" i'age. Contents and Indox. yoU

LIST OF THE CONTRIBUTORS.

With References and Catalogue Numbers.

Anderson, Chas.— 55.26:(944).

A Catalogue and Bibliography of Australian Meteorites.

Bee. Austr. Mns., x., o, I'JlS.

Anderson, William— 56.92 (94.6).

Note on the Occurrence of the Sand-Kock containing bones of
Extinct Species of Marsi^pials (Emu, Kangaroo, Wombat, etc.)
on King Island, Bass Strait, Tasmania.

Rec. Austr. Mus., x., 0, 1'J14.

Anderson, C. and Mingayc, J. C. H.— 55.26 (944)

Description and Analysis of the Binda Meteorite.

Rec. Anstr. Mus., x., 5, 19 Ir!.

Briggs, E. A.— 59.37 (265).

Hydrozoa from One Hiindi'ed Fathoms, seven miles east of Cape
Pillar, Tasmania.

Rec. AusLi: Mas., .r., W, 1914.

Brolemann, H. W. - 59.56 (93).

The Myriapoda in the Australian Museum. I't. ii.
Diplopoda.

lice. Aiislr. Bins., x., 6, I'JIH.

Etheridge, Robert, Junr. — 56.33.

A very remarkable Species of Spongophyllum from the Upper
Silurian Kocks of New South Wales.

Kec. Austr. Mus. a.-., 3, 1913.

Etheridge, Robert, Junr.— 56.841 (94.3).

The Genus Enoploclijlin in the Cretaceous Kocks of Queensland.

Rec. Austr. Mus., .r., 9, 1914.

Fry, Dene B.— 59.78(94.3) 59.811 t. 94.3).

On a Varanus and a Frog from Burnett Kiver. Queensland, and a
Revision of the Variations in LDiinodijnastcs dorsaUs, Gray.

Rec. Auslr. Mus., .v., 2, 1913.

Fry, Dene B 59.813 (94.3) (95).

On the Status of Chelonia depressa, Garm.

Rec. Austr. Mus., x., 7 , 1913.

Mingaye, J. C. H., C. Anderson, and

Description and Analysis of the Binda Meteorite.

Rec. Austr. Mus., x., 3, 1913.

North, Alfred J.— 59.853 (94).

On the Early History of the Australian Cassowary (Casuarius
australis. Wall).

Rec. Auslr. Mus., x., 4, 1913.

Rainbow, W. J.— 59.544 (94).

Studies in Australian Araneidrc, No. 6, The Terretelariae.

Rec. Austr. Mus., x., S, 1914.

Rainbow, W. J.— 59.54 (935).

Arachnida from tlie Soloniuu islands.

Rec. Austr. Mus., x., 1. 1913.

CORRECTION.

Page 12-i, line 14, for figures 29-44, read 39-44.

AKACllNIDA l'l{()M TllK SOLOMON ISLANDS.

By W. .1. Uainuow, K.L.S., K.lvS., Lntoiuologist.

(Fiu-s. l-C.)

Tho pivsent ]y.\\n'y coi.lains notes ..f ]).vviousl3' recorded
forms and descriptions of a new yeniis and new species from
tlie Solomon Islands.

To the Museum Collection there has been accumulatiiitr for
some time material collected by missionaries stationed in the
Solomon Island g-roup, as well as by occasional visitors.
Recently Mr. W. W. Frop^gatt paid a flying visit to this
interesting archipelago, and while there collected such
Arachnida as came his way, and these specimens he has been
good enough to present to the Trustees. Specimens collected
by Mr. Froggatt had been carefully handled, but much of the
old collection in our stores had been more or less roughly
treated. Species, such as Xqihihi iinn-iih(f'i, Walck., Ar<ji"i'r
JenpanVnia, Poc, (hi.t^'rurautha xlili'!f<^r, Poc, and (1. un'lnlln-n,
Poc, are evidently very abundant on the islands.

It is remarkable how little is known of the Arachnid
fauna of the Solomons. In 1898, Pocock published a list of
the -Scorpions, Pedipalpi, and Spiders of the Solomon
Islands" ^ in which he recorded two Scorpions, one Pedipalp,
and twenty-eight species of Araneida?. Some of the species
recorded by Pocock are not included in our collection, but most
of them are, and to these I now add twenty-three additional
forms. Since Pocock's paper, just quoted (xapra) the same author
published another :—" Scorpions, Pedipalpi, and Spiders
collected by Dr. Willey in New Britain, the Solomon Islands,
Loyalty Islands, etc." "^ and in this he includes two Scorpions
recorded in his previcuis contribution, and one other
(Arrhlsou^etras perjidas, Keys.), one Pedipalp (then new to
science) and one Spider which was also new. Thus we now^
know of fifty-six Arachnids from the Solomons. Doubtless
when the fauna of these islands shall have been more
thoroughly collected the number of species recorded will be
much greater. Those species marked with an asterisk are
now I'ecorded for the first time.

1 Pocock— Ann. Mag. Nat Hist., (7), i, 1S9S, p. 4.S7, pi. xix.

2 Pocock— Willcy's Zool. Results, 1898, p. 95.

L ARACHXIDA FKOM TUK S(»l,(i.MOX ISI.ANDS KAIN'liOW.

Sxh-Unlpr SCORPIONS.

Fannhl SCORPIONID^.

(ji^iinx Hormurus, Tlinr.

HoHMUrtUS AUSTUALASI.fi, Fab.

Jlnniiiirn^ <nistrnhisl(i'. Fab., Syst. Flit., 177"), p. 399.

Huh. — Russell Island (Fi'og^-att). Widely distributed over
the South Sea Islands.

Sn},-()nler PEDIPALPl.

FxHinij PRYNOID^.

GeiniK Chai'ou, Karsoli.

CHA1!0\ (IKAVl, ilcrr.

Phniiiiis ijnnii, Gei'v., Ins. Apt., iii., 1S4-2, ]). 4.

Halt. — Island of Howla. Previously recorded from New
Georgia, Solomon Islands (Poeoek). Tlie tvpe of this species
was collected by Cumiiifr, at Manilla, IMiilijipiiic Islaiids.

Faun-hi KPKI).\N()I1).E.

(Jen IIS Mesoceras, h'rijs.

MkSOCKI.'AS SPIXIiiKIM'M,* ST)!'.

Mi'siii-i^rns xjiiiiiiifriiiii, Scir., Die Ai-acli. .\iisti'., Siippl., lSS(i, [>.
70, pi. v., Hg. 8.

Hull. — Russell Island (Fi-osrgntt ). Previously I'ccoiilcd IVom
Vifci Levu, Fiji.

Siih-Onirr ()|'IIJ()NK.\.

i'\ii,i;iii rii.\L.\N(;ii)/K.

Siih-Uiinilij IMI.\L.\N(!1IN.F.

ili-iiiis IjKiliuiiuni, ('. I\ .

Ijlom'Nr.M AriMM,* .-y/. //"/■.

(FiR- 1.)
^ Body .S".') mm. long, H mm. wide; I'liljii 4"4 mm. long;
Leg ]., I'i mm. ; II., Si mm. ; III., 39 mm. ; l\'., W,\ mm.

AKAfllNll

A KKUM TUK S(il,(»M<'N ISI.AN' l>S— HA 1 N l^'^W

Fig 1 1 lobiiiiinii aid Kill, \i.-y\r\h.

r,M„n:nra..-D^ browxi ; granulate, margin reflexed
and grooved. Or.lar emU.en.-e shining-black somewhat broad-
est at apex, grooved down the middle, height about equal t<.
width at its widest part.

V„,;//,,._Pale translucent yellow, tips ot claws black.
y../.s-Long, threadlike, tapering. J'.-.-'^ dark brown ;

lateral angles closely axul finely denticulated ; lr,..n, yellowish-
brown, thence to tarsi pale yellow.
I'a/)//.— Lcmg, pale yellow.

^f,,„„,i —Much the broadest at posterior extremity where
it is dark br.^wn : anterior extremity yellowish-brown.
• l/./o/zM'/. —Arched, broad, smooth, golden-yellow, surmoun-
ted at about one-third its length from anterior extremity by a
large tapering erect spine ; cadnd sarjacv dark brown, trans-

verselv wrinkled.

9 Body 5 mm. long, :^-5 mm. broad; pnlpi h^nmVn^^>^^ Leg!.,
43 mm. long ; W.. 84 mm. ; HI., 41 mm. ; IV., 55 mm.

OU. —Both sexes closely resemble each other both m general
appearance and colour ; the posterior extremity ot the abdomen
is however, darker in the V , and there are als() present shallow
bi'oad, interrupted transverse grooves, both before and ,n ront o
dorsal spine. The measurements recorded of ^^f .^"[^ P^^P
are more or less approximate, as they vary m length m ditteient
individuals.

//„/,._Solomon Islands (Froggatt).

AKACHXIKA KKoM THE Sdl-dMuX ISLANHS— KA1X1{( iW

Sni-Oiulrr ARANElDyE.

F'rmihj AVICULARID^.

Snh-hiunhj DIPLURINyE.

(Inniy, ATRACE^.

The species liereunder described, and for tlie reception of
wliicli I propose a new g^enus, appai'ently belong-s to Hog'g's
o'rou]!, the Artracete, and wliich he detines as folhiws-' : —

" Inferior niannnilla^ close togetlier, about 1 diameter a|iai't.
Tarsi of all leo-s thicklr bristled and bespined. Two rows
(besides an intermediate at lower end) of teeth on talx-
sheath. Sternal sio-illa? laro-e and removed from mary'in.
Superioi" mammilhx" short, hardly exceeding two-tifths (he
leno'tli of the cepluilothoi'ax."

The p'l'oup AtraceiV, \\\^ to the ])]'esent, hns consisied ol' onlv
two oeiiera, each of which are Austialian. Hogo- in liis ))a])er
just quoted gives the spiimei'et formiih^? of Ihese two genera as

■f,.ll,,\vs ^: —

" Ijjist joint of sMpi'rioi' spinnerets longer tli;ni second, cvlin-
(li-ical and sniiiot h ,1// -m , ( 'aml)i'.

" Last joint of superior spinnerets sImu'I mid cdnio;! I

Jhnlrnnilrlu, L. Kocll."

To this s\ no])sis 1 now add : —

liast joint of sn]iei'ioi' spinnerets ec[ually as h)ng as first

,S7///'A/.7,/.s Mihi.

=' Hoj<^.— l^roc. Roy. Soc. If)01, p. liSO.
•* Hog^^.— 7.0C. c//., p. '11-1.

ARAC

•HNIDA Kn..M THK S(.r,(1.MON ISLANDS— UAl NU' 'W.

j,„]„tl,„r,,.r. — Much lon^ev than broad, /^

ihulira

elevatei't rm.cated in front, lateral constrictions and depressions
prXnd; ,..n-s thnn.rir. gently arched, radial ,n-oves broad,
fhornrir fnn;i deep and pro-curved.

T/„y,,, _Laro-e, massive, porrected, the nmrc^ins of the
furrow of each falx armed with a series of closely set small
teeth ; grove between furroAVS granulated.

7.,'._Eio-ht, poisedupona slightly elevated protuberance
wldchis considerably broader than long; they are arraa^^ed
in two rows of four each, of which the anterior is only very
lightlv recurved ; the front row, owing to the median e^s
beLo- smaller than the laterals, when viewed from the side,
appear to be both pro- and re-curved ; laterals of both series
poised obliquely.

/^p,^,,._Moderately long, strong,
bespined, hairy and bristly; fr/r-'
strongly bespined, not scopulated ;
cJau-^, 3; superior pair armed at
their base with a series of strong
teeth. Relative lengths : 4, 1, 2, 3.
(Fig. 2).

^r,,,;//,„_Long, cylindrical, broadest at apex where they
are tchterminafediy an obtusely pointed projection on the

inner angle.

j^„/,;,,,,,._Short, broad, free, rounded at apex.
^7.^...».-Shield-shaped, apex indented posterior extrenuty
acuminate ; sagilla, larie, removed from border, which lattex
is grooved all the way round.
Abdonien. — Ovate.

Sp!nuerets.-Fo.^, short, closely ^''-f'^V'f *1>^'' ;^';;;;::;^
pair three-jointed; medium segment shortest; temunal
segment equally as long as first, conical.
5 oTi;0\a'-<v, of Stern appearance.

Fig. 2, St\ph!opis, gen. nov.,
Superior claw.

ARACHMDA FKOM THE SOLoMdX tSI.AX|)S KAlXBO\\'.

StYPHLOPI.S IXSULAHIS,* sji. itiir.

(Fi- 8, 4.)

9 Cephalotliorax 12 mm. loiio', 9.1 mm. broad ; abdomeu
17.5 mm. long, 12.3 mm. broad.

Ceji/nilothunix. — Shining, reddish-brown, smooth, furnished
with a few fine hairs. Pars rephdlira arched, ascending from
base, sides i-ounded, normal grooves and lateral depressions
strongly marked ; r] upeiis deep broad, pale coloured. I'ars
ihonirica broad, gently arched, radial grooves broad and distinct;
iliurdrir fared pro-curved, deep ; iiiiinjhittl hanil broad, pale
coloured, grooved.

Eiin><. — As in figure ; front median pair once their individual
diameter apart, ringed with
black; lateral eyes broadly mar-
gined with black on their inner
angles, and poised obliquely ;
eyes of rear row sensibly smaller

than those in front (fig. 3). pj^ 3 siyphhpis msn/am; Rainb..

Eyes.

Legs. — Strong, clothed with long hairs and course bristles ;
those of the first pair slightly stouter than their neighbours ;
cOncolorous with cephalothorax ; each fihia armed with one
median spine on the underside ; two lateral spines on the
euterside of which one is near to the base and the other near
to the apex, and two lateral ones on the inner side relatively
placed ; in addition to these there are three others of unequal
length at the loAver extremity of the segment ; ntetntarsl each
armed on underside with 16 long strong spines, and the tar>il
each with 10. Measui'ements in millimeters :■ — ■

Le«

Coxa

Trochanter Femur '"'t^J,'^, "^

Metiitiirsus &
Tarsus

Total

1
2

3
4

5

4.8

4

4

7 4.2
6.5 4.2
6 4

8 4.2

5
4.6

4
5.4

6.7
6.5
6.1

8.8

27.9
26.6
24.1
30.4

I'liljil. — Concolorous witli legs, nioderatt'lv hniL:. sIioiil;',
clothed with long coarse hairs and bristles, and aniMMJ witii
sti'oiig spines ; apical extremity terminated with a claw.

AHACllMKA I'linM TIIK S(l|,(i.M()\ ISI.AMtS liAlNlinW. 7

Fuh-ex. — Tjong, stout, iioirected, I'atliei' dai'kcf fliaii
ceplmlotlnii'ax, densely liaiiy ; /'nitjs lonoand jjowerl'ul, sliinin<i^,
nearly black.

Mn.n'lhr. — Heddisli-bTOwn, inner ano-les densely fi'ino^ed with
lono-, tine, reddisli liaii's, p^ranulated.

LdJiiniii. — Somewhat darker than maxillje ; clothed with
lono-, reddish hairs ; apical half closely f^rannlated.

^tiTinnii. — Shield-shaped, reddisli-hrown, gently arched,
clothed with hue liairs.

Ahiloiin'ii. — Ovate, strongly arched,
overhanging base of cephalothorax, finel}'
pilose, yellowish-brown, mottled with
small, pale yellowish spots ; a broad dark
band runs down the middle on the
upper side from base to spinnerets ; in-
ferior side yellowish-brown, hairy (tig. 4).

Fig. 4, Styplilofih iiisiilaris,
• Rainb., Tip of abdomen

and spinnerets.

Spiniii^rel^. — Bunched together ; inferior iiniiiiitnlhi' very
small, hair}- ; f^nperior iiianiiniJhv hairy ; basal joint stout ;
terminal joint tapering, conical, obtusely pointed.

Hab. — Solomon Islands (Froggatt).

Fumihi PSECHRIDyE.

Geiitifi Fecenia, E. Sim..

FeCEXIA OHLUXtiA, * ,-■//. iior.

(Fig. 5.)

9 Cephalothorax 4-3 mm. long, 3"2 mm. bi'oad ; abdomen
97 mm. long, 5"3 mm. broad.

('rji/uiInflKirn.r. — Ovatc, yellowish-red, pilose. I'ms rrji/nilii-u
strongly detined, arched. I'ars tlionti-irn arched ; segmental
groove strongly detined ; i-adial grooves distinct, but less
strongly defined than the preceding ; median depression deep ;
innnjiiiul baud narrow.

AKACHNH'A KRiiM THK SuIjiMmX ISI.ANO

-RAINPOW.

normal.

ili.spositioii, MiTangemeiit, and relative size

Lej/s. — Concolorus with cephalothoi-ax. ]n the two specimens
bet"oi"e me these limbs are impei-fect : some have been completely
broken off, whilst the others, with the excej)tion of one, have
lost their tarsi. There is sufficient, however, to show that they
are, when in pei'fect condition, long.

I'lilpi. — Lons:. yellowish, pubescent.

F'iJre>--. — Long, yellowish above, piceus beneath, thickly
clothed with long hairs or bristles and strongly arched in front,
not divei'gent, robust ; the superior margin of the furrow of
each falx armed with three teeth, which are contiguous, and of
which the median one is the strongest ; the inferior margin is
armed with four teeth, which are strong and nearly equal in
size : fangs strong, piceus at base, wine-red at tips.

Mii;i'lU>i' lui'l hih'nnti. — Xormal. clothed with long hairs ; the
former dark brown, the latter dark brown at base, yellowish at
apex.

Steniuin. — Tellowish, hairy, shield-shaped, posterior extrem-
ity acuminate.

Ahdomen. — Long, oval, arched,
yellowish, pubescent, slightly over-
hanging base of cephalothorax ;
crihelJiiiii, normal ; epiijiine raised
so as to form a sleight tubercular
eminence, large, prominent, red-
dish-brown (tig. 5).

Hah. — Lsland of Howla.

Fis. 5. Ft\t>iuj o/>/t>ti!;ij, R.iinb.
Epigyne.

Familii THEKl 1)111).+:.

(JeiiKs Argyrodes, K. Sim.

AU(iYK(t|>KS WAI.KKKI, * Raiub.

Anjymih-s ir,il/,;ri\ Rainb., Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, xxvi..
1901, p. 524., pi. xxviii., tigs. 2, 2*^ 8, 3,».

H'lh. — Russell Lsland (Froggatt). Previously recorded froni
Torres Island, between Xew llobiides and Santa Cruz (Jioiips.

ARACHNIDA FROM THK SoLOMOX ISLANDS RAINHoW. 9

F<n>nlii ARGIUPID^.

(lein.in Tetragnatha, Lafr.

Tkti;ai;natha MANmnri^ATA,* M'lilrl,-. ?

refntiiiiitHni iii((ii(Jilji.(li(t(t, Walck., Hist. nat. des. iii.s., Apt. ii.,
i837, p. 211 ; Koch, Die Aracb. Austr., i., 1871, p. 194,
pi. xvii., tio-s. 2, 2r/, 2/-, 8, 3", 8//.

J have not much doubt, but that the specimen before me,
badly damaged as it is, is any other than the species indicated
above.

Hull. — Island of Howla. Previously recorded from New
Granada, Viti, Upolu and Tonga.

Gejius Leucauge, Whltr.

Leucauue celekesiaxa, * Walck.

TefniiiiKifJni relehesidiM, Walck., Hist. nat. des Ins., Apt., ii.,
i837, p. 222.

Meta decorafii, Blackw., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1864, p. 44 ;

Koch, Die Arach. Austr., i., 1871, p. 141, pi. xi., fig 5.
Arrjyroepeira celebegiaiia, Thor., Studi. Rag. Mai., iv., 1890, p.

194.

Hah. — Russell Island (Froggatt). Widely distributed over
Malaisia, Xew Guinea, Australia and S. Sea Islands.

Leucauge geata, Gxrr.

Epeira gnitti. Guer, Voy. de la Coq., Zool., ii., 2, p. 56.

Epeira cocciiiea, Dol., Nat. Tijd. Nederl. Ind., xiii., 1826, (supp.
3, vol. iii), p. 421, 1857.

Ar(jijr<>eiieirii (jratu, Poc, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., i. (6), 1898,
p. 464.

Hah. — Russell Island (Froggatt), Ugi and Howla. Widely
distributed over the Austro-Malaisian area.

Genus Nephila, Leach.
Nephila .\[aculata. Fab.
Epeira viariil((ti(, Fab., Ent. Syst., ii., 1793, p. 425.

Hah. — Russell Island (Froggatt), also Ugi and Gaudalcanar.
Numerous specimens of this typical species occur in all
collections from the S. Sea Islands.

lO ARACHXiDA FKOM THE SOLOMOX iSLAXDS RAlXBOW.

Geims Argiope, .4//'^, in Sue.

Argiope picta, L. K.

Arriijniie pirfu, L. K., Die Arach. Austi-., i., 1871, p. 3.3, pi.
iii., tig. 3.

AnjijoiH- in'itii-ijndis^ L. K., ](ir. rif., p. 207, pi. xviii., fig. 5.

Hdh. — Russell Island (Froggatt) ; also the islands of Howla
and Ugi ; othei' localities are New Guinea, Queensland, N.S.
Wales, and Fiji.

Argiope leoparpina, Poc.

Anjija^w hi>i>nrd'nia, Poc, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., i. (7), 1898,
p. 461, pi. xix., figs. 2, 2'/.

Hnh. — Russell (Froggatt) and Howla Islands. Pocock gives
the locality for the type " Probably Shortland Island."

Argyope JCTHEREA,* ]V(ih-l.-.

Epfirit ii-tlii'rt'ii, Walck., Hist. Nat. des Ins., Apt., ii., 1837, p.
112.

Argyope nilterea, Keys., Verhandl. der k. k. Zool. hot. Ges. in
Wien, 1865, p. 803, pi. xix., tigs. 1 and 2.

H<ih. — Russell (Froggatt) and Howla Islands ; also recorded
from New Guinea, Queensland and N. S. Wales.

(ieuus Cyrtophora, E. !Siiiu

CvKToPHoKA 'jvuNnKMiiDEs, Walck.
Ejicini r)ih'iii<lr(iidcs, Walck., Hist. Nat. Ins., A])t., ii., 1837,

p. 136.
Ejicira ri riili jH's, Dol., Act. Soc. 8ci. liido-Ni'erland, 1859, p.

29, pi. i., fig. 7.
EjK'irit iiepliiliiKi^ L. K., Die Aracli. Austr., i., 1871, j). 90, pi.

vii., figs. 6, 6('.
Cijrfiijihord ri/liiiilrdiilcs, Poc, .Vnn. Mag. Nat. llist., i. (7),

1898, p. "462.
Hah. — Isliiiid of I'gi ; I'dcock's spcciiiuMis canu' " pr(iliMt>ly
from Shortland island," and otliei's fioiii New (icorgiii. Tliis
species is also recorded from Coc-hin (,'liiiiii, Aiiil)i>iii;i, Vuk'
Island, Queensland, <tc

AKArnMPA KKiiM THK SUI,i>M(iN |SI,AN1>S HAlXHdVV. 11

IJcinis Araiieus, Clcrrl,-.

AhANKUS THKIS,* ]\'"lrl,\

IJpeIrn llnus, Walck., Hist. Nat., Ins., Apt., ii., 1837, p. 53,
pi. xviii., tig. 4-.

Ein'Ini iinnninrrr,!, Walck., Hist. Nat. Ins., Apt., iv., 1847, !>.

469.
Ej'ri'rn unuHjurecd, L. K., Die Aracli. Austr., i., 1871, p. 85,

pi. vii., tigs. 4, 4<(i, 5, b<i.

>/„/,._Russell Island (Froggatt). Common througliout
Polynesia ; occurs also in "Queensland.

Araneus luuuhhis, * Walck.
Ei»'lni hff/Hhrlx, Walck., Hist. Nat. des Ins., ii., 1837, p. 34.

Epeln, huhnj.itrix, L. K., Die Aracli. Austv., i., 1871, p. 66,
pi. v., tigs. 8, 8(s 9ii.
7/„/,._Rl^ssell Island (Froggatt). Other localities are Isle
of France, and North Queensland.

Araneus acuminatus,* L. K. ?
(Fig. 6.)
Epe'ini nriiiii'nrata, L. K., Die Arach. Austr., i., 1871, p. 109,
pi. ix., tigs. 2, '2a, 21).
The form described and tigured by Koch was a male ; the
specimen before me is a female, but the latter agrees so closely
with the description and tigure of the former, that in the
absence of specimens of both sexes, I hesitate to describe it as
xp. HOC. The f»male of urinitiinttus has not yet been recorded,
and notwithstanding the fact that Koch's locality was Port
Mackay, North Queensland, and the locality from whence the
specimen under discussion was obtained was the Island of
Howla, it is not at all unreasonable to assume that the two
forms are conspecitic, especially when we bear in mind that the
fauna of the Solomon Island Archipelago, to quote Pocock,
" closely resembles, so far as genera, and also so far as species
are concerned, that of Papua and the neighbouring islands of
the Austro-Malayan seas.**

e Pocock— Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), i, 1898, p. 458.

12

ARACHNIDA FROM THE SOLOMON ISLANDS RAtNHOW.

In order to assist students I give,
herewith, a description and figure of

the f-ii'iji/iK- '■ —

Eiiiijijiie. — A short broad, tongue-like
process, proceeding from a small tuber-
cular eminence ; the edges of the
process slighly reflexed, and the ter-
minal extremity strongly so (tig. 6).

Huh. — ? Island of Howla ; Port
Mackay, N. Queensland.

Fiji- H. Aianeus aciimriiaOts,
L. K. ?, Epiftyne.

Genus Gasteracantha (se)tsi< stricto), Sund.
Gastkkacaxtha scintillaxs, Butl.

Gasteracayitha srliitiJIuiis, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc, 1873, p.
156, pi. iv., fig. 9.

Hoh. — Russell (Froggatt) and Howla Islands.

Gasteracaxtha scintillaxs, rar. coxcoLOR,* Rainb., var. )ioc.

This form I cannot regard as other than a coloul' variety of
Butler's G. sfixtiJhaix. It agrees with the latter in size,
distribution and length of abdominal s])ines, and in the form of
the I' i>'' [III II I'- It will be readily distinguished from the tyj)ical
form by the absence of the central brick-red area (alMlominal)
and by its uniformly brilliant green colour.

Ri(l). — Gaudalcanar (Froggatt) .

GaSTKRACA.NTIIA MKlALl.li'A, PoC.

G'isfcriirinilliK iiiduJUcii, Poc, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., i. (7),
1898, p. 465, pi. xix., fig. 5.

lliil). — Bougaiiville and Howla Islands.

Gasteracaxtua sigxifer, Poc.

Gasfn;n;i,il/ni snjit ifer, Poc, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., i. (7), 1898,
p. 1-65, pi. xix., fig. 6.

Jliili. — Russell (Froggatt), Ugi and llnwla Islands.

AUACIIXIKA I'liiiM I'llK S(il,(iMu\ ISLAXPS K A 1 N l!i i\V. 18

Faun'hj (MJ'IilONlD.E.

I, '('II IIS Hetei'opoda, /."//■.

Hki'ki;(ipi)1>a vkxat(ikia, Liim.

Aniiicii remifuriii, Linn., Syst. Nat., Kd. xii., 17<)7, p. 1085,

illirfiirillii .

Aniiii'ii ri'ijiii, Fab., Knt. Syst., ii., 1798, p. 408.

JlHen,j,n,l,i ri'iii'ii, E. Sim., Hist. Nat. des Ar., ii., 1897, p. 54.

Hull. — The Ai'cliipelaofo generally ; all tropical and sub-
tfopical regions.

(U-iiiix Pandei^etes, L. K.

I'liiiiJerrefe.^, sp.*

I'ltiiderccfes, sp., one specimen, but too immature for
dertermination or description.

Huh. — Solomon Islands (Froggatt.).

(ii'iiiis Prychia, L. K.

Pryohia (iiucH.is, L. K.

]'ri/i-Iiiii ijniriJls, L. K., Die Aracli. des Austr., ii., 1875, p. ()54,
pi. iiii., Hg. 1.

Fn/r/ii'ii iii-iiri'/ls, Poc, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., i. (7.), 1898,
p. 471.

J hill. — Solomon Islands (Froggatt).

(jteiiii.<: Palystes, L. K.

Palvstes spkciosus, Poc.

rali/sffs sperlosiis, Poc, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., i., 1898, p. 4G5,
pi. xix., tigs. 8, Sii.

Hah. — Russell (Froggatt) and Howla Islands,

14 AKACHNIKA FUd.M THE S()|,(i.MoX ISLAM'S 1;A1NH(J\V.

FoihIIh AGELENID^.

(Icinix Desis, Wnlrl:.
DksIS VdliAX,* I J. K.

Desix rora.r, L. K., Die Arach. Austr., i., 1871, p. 845, pi.
xxix., figs. 1, la, Ih, L-, 1,/, L', 1/-.

Hdh. — Russell Island (Fi"Og<>'att) ; ])revinusly recox^ded from
Upolu.

F.nHlhi OXYOPID^.

(ienn'' Oxyopes, Lntr.

(DXVOPES MACILEXTUS,* L. K.

Oxi/, >!>,:< „nir;irutii.-<, L. K., Die Arach. Austr., ii., 1878, p. 1000,
pi. Ixxxvii., figs. 4, 4'', 5, 5'f, 5/;.

Hah. — Russell Island (Froggatt) ; previously known from
Cape Yoi'k, N. Queensland, and New Guinea.

/•'-//////// SALTICID^.

(Ji'iiiix Linus, (J. and h\ I'l-rlh.

IjINIIS AI.TU'KPS, Poc.

Lnni. „lt;rri,s, Poc, Willey's Zool. Results, 1898, p. 117, i.l.
xi., fig. 14.

Jlnh. — Russell island (Froggatt) and Huhiana, New
Georgia.

(,'eiiiix Cosmophasis, 7*>'. Sim.

CnsMol>ii.\sls \ll('Ai;i<illiKs,* /,. A'.

AiinicKs iiiiniriniilfs, L. K., \)\v Arach., ii., l^SO. |>. 117S, pi.
' cii., figs. :-}, ;-!'(, 8//, 8r.

//.'//. — Kussell Island (Froggatt); picx ioiisly known fimn
C'a|)e Yolk and Riitish New Guinea.

Ai:.\rllNll>A KUdM TlIK SoMiMiiN ISl.ANUS HAlNlloW. 1 T)

<l('inis ZciHuloriis, /.'. and /'-'. I'lfl./i.

ZKNdhoias VAlilATlS,* Pot'.

Zn>n,hu-n^ ranntn., l>oc., Willey's Zool. Results, 1898, p. 117.

}lah. Russell Island ; previously I'ecorded i'l'om New

Britain.

(Icinis Carrliotus, 'I'lmr.

Cakhuotus osoitans, Poc.

/EnsthuUHutlnis nsrituus, Poc, Ann. Mag. Hist., i. (7), 1898, p.
473, pi. xix., Hgs. 11, 11", 11''.
JlaJ,. — Solomon Islands (Frofjfo-att).

llt'inis Plexippus, ('. K.

PuKXiriTS sTKIl>Ur.AT(»W,* Poc.

Plr.rljtpi,^ ^ii'nJnJatnr, Poc, Willey's Zool. Results, 1898, p.
119, pi. xi., Ho-s. K), 16", 16/;, 16r.

lia}>. — Russell Island (Froggatt) ; previously recorded from
New Britain.

dt'inix Batliippus, 'llinr.

BATHIl-ri'S MACUOI'IIOTOPL'S, PoC. (?)

jlafhii^jnis unirri'i'i-i'tninix, Poc, An. Mag. Nat. Hist., i. (7),
1898, p. 471, pi. xix., tig. 10.

fial,. — Russell Island (Froggatt) ; Pocock gives his locality
as " probably in Shortlaud Island."

(I'ciiiis Atliamus, I). I', i'liiiilir.

AtHA.MUS Wllir.MKI,* iK /'. '''Unhr.

Athiiuin^ irln'hiit'i, O. P. Cambr., Proc Zool. Soc, 1^77,
p. 576, pi. Ivi., tig. 11 ; L. Koch, Die Arach. Austr., ii.,
1879, p. 1076, pi. xciv., tigs. 5, 5-/, 5/>, 5r, 6, 6-/, 6//.

//„/,. — Russell Island (Fi^oggatt) ; previously recorded ir*)ni
Tahiti and I 'pohi,

16 AKACUXIHA I'Kd.M THK SiiLo.MiiX lsl,ANIiS KA1XH(J\V.

th' litis Sigytes, E. Sim.

SiGYTRS niLORlS,* L. K., ?

H,i.un'>is ih'lnrls, L. K., Die Arac-h. Austr., ii., 1881, \^. 1302,
])1. cxi., tigs. 3, '3(1, 3//, 3r, 3(^, lie.

IliiJi. — Russell Island (Froggatt) ; previously recorded fi'oin
Port Mackay, N. Queensland, and from Viti.

Genus Hasarius, J?. Sim.

Hasarius (Iahetti,* L. K.

Hasarius (/aretti, L. K., Die Aracli. Austr. ii., 1881, p. 1289,
pi. ex., tigs. 4, 4«i, 4A.

Hdh. — Russell Island (Froggatt) ; previously recorded from
Ragatea.

(U-inis Euryattus, 'llmr.

EURYATTUS XKiHIVKNTlilS,* L. K. (?)

Iliisiiriiis iilijrireiifrls, L. K., Die Aracli. des Austr., ii., 1881,
p. 1293, 1)1. ex., tigs. 6, t;'^ ()/>, <>(•.

Hdh. — Russell Island (Froggatt) ; originally recorded from
Rockhampton, N. Queensland.

On a VAKANUS and a FROd fiom HriiNKTT lilVKR,

QUEENSLAND, and a REVISION oC tlio VARIATIONS in

LIMXODYXASTl'JS Dnh'SJLIS, Gray.

Bv Dkxk B. Fi!Y, .hinior Assistant.

(Plates i-iii, and Fi<?s. 7-18.)

Tlie Triastees liave recently received from Dr. T. L. Banci-oft
several very interesting' consignments of Reptiles and
Batrachians, collected at Eidsvold on the Burnett River,
Queensland. Amongst those deserving special attention are
the two species here mentioned, a rare frog, /////" liitdjKihiinfii,
Giinther, and a new variety of Vnrmntx pinn-tnf un, Clray, which
is described as var. nn'eiifdiix.

The collections also include a large series of a strikingly
coloured form of Liiiiiiinhjind^tpx dnrsali.^, Gi'ay, and it has been
thought best to deal with them in conjunction with a detailed
account of the distribution and variation of this widely distri-
buted frog.

A list of the Reptiles and Batrachians fi'om the Burnett
River District has been publislied in Semon's " Zoologische
Forschungsreisen in Australiens" ^ by Drs. Bottger and
Oudemans. They record forty-two species, twenty-five of
which are represented in Dr. Bancroft's collections, together
with the following, which up till the present were not recorded
from the district.

Batkauhia.

L'niniiiihjuii^cx jieraiiii, Dum. and Bibr.
,, f(t>i))i(()n'eiists, Giinther.

,, ilorsfdin, Gray, var. (himerilii, Peters.

' Bottycr and Oudemans — Semon's Zool. Forschung. Austr., v.,
1894, Batrachia, p. lUK, Ophidia, p. 115, Laccrtilia, p. 129.

18 records op the australian .musetm.

Ophiiha.

'J'jlli/iliijis iijfiiiis, Bouleiiger.
Ih'iiiiiiisia fi'.rtHis, Dum. and Bibi-.
I'.-fi'itiJi'cIiis (iHxfrnlis^ Gri'ay.

,, iiiiirtiiiii'iisis, de Vis.

Dei/isdiiid iiiijresceiis, Gihitlier.

,, cari)e}if<irlti', Macleay.
JliijihirrjiJidl IIS liifarij nut ii.<, Jan.

Lacerthja.

( I Ijlll iiiiihlrfill IIS III ill llsii\ BdI'V.
iJijildihlrfi/I IIS fil'iiiiiril iliht, de Vis.

(Eihiru trijiiiii, de Vis.

(jf'hijrn ii iisfrnl is^ Gray.

Liiilis liii rhmi , (xvay.

Vtiniiiiis jiiiiirfiifiis, Gi-ay, var. nriciifulis, Fry.

Lijijiisiniiit (Jl iiiiilin) fiisciii/iifiiiii, (xiiiithei".

,, (Iji'i(ili'iiisiiiii) III II ml II III , de \'is.

,, ,, iii'i-Kiiii, Duiu. and Hil)i'.

,, ( It'/iiiili'ini) /'/•'/;///(',( liiiitlier.
Cniiihililcji/iiiriis liniihuii, Desj., vai'.
,, ',l''''!l'\ Gray.

Vak'ants pi'N'ctati's, (Jnnj, var. (iK'iexi'ams, /•"/■. //(-/•.

(Figs. 7-10.)

Head scales small, flat, sub-equal ; largest and nidstly
hexagonal on tlie siiout and between the eyes ; smallest on the
supraorbital region, and veiy nuudi bi-oken up and ii-regulai' on
the occipital and pineal regions. Scales of back (tig. 7) flat,
not keeled, lai-gei- and niiicli in'onder tlian in the tvpical
Westei'n Australian I'orni. Dorsal st'ales of anteridi- h;ilt' of
tail (tig. 9) as long as or slightly longei' than i)road, keeh'd
ami produced into a distinct black spine, which arises well
inside the posterior margin of tlu' scale ; scab's smallest on the
base of the tail and becoming elongate and nu)re sharply keeled
towai'ds the extremity. Abdominal scales in 74-77 rows.

('iilmir: — This vai'iety a])])eai's to const;intl\ dilTrr in the
greater bi'ilJiMncv of the yellow spots which extend lii^ht on to
the head, thus dilTering from tlu' tvjiical form in which the
head and shouhlei-s jire uniform i)riiwn.

A VAKANUS AND I'MlOd l.M{O.M QUKKNSLANH FWY.

19

Fisi- T.— l'aranHS pituclatiis, var. orieiitalis. Fry.

Mid-dorsal scales from the back. ^.^ ^ _ j -^^^ ^,,„^ ' />„,ic/(i/iis,

var. tvpica. Mid-dorsal
scales from the bad:.

The characters which distinguish this variety from the
typical form are, the broad flat condition of the scales of the
back (fig. 7) as opposed to the long, tectiform scales of the
typical variety (fig. 8) ; the much broader and coarser scales
on the anterior half of the tail (fig. 9, var. oHentuHs; fig.
10, var. fiiin'rn). The caudal scales and colouration approach
the condition in the more brilliant V. acaathitrux, Blgr.

Pig 9. — Varatnis puiictatiis, Gray, var.
orientalis, Fry. Scales from anterior
half of tail (thirty-five or forty rows
the from base on the middle line).

Fig. 10. — I'araiius piinclaliis, Gray, var.
tvpica. Scales from the same region as
in Fig. 9.

20 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Dr. Boulenger- gives the range of 1". iiiiiicf((fiis as North and
West Australia and records it from Perth, Western Australia,
North-west Australia, Port Essington, and Torres Strait. The
type came from Shark Bay, Western Australia.

J.nc.s'. — In the Australian Museum are one adult and two
half grown specimens from Eidsvold, Upper Burnett River,
Queensland. They were collected by Dr. Bancroft and
presented to the Trustees through Drs. J. Burton Cleland and
T. Harvey Johnston of the Health Department of Sydney.

Ti/iie. — In the Australian Museum, Sydney.

Hyla latopalmata, aihitlicr.
(Plate i, and figs. 11 and 12.)

Lifnn'n Ii(tiij>i(I„iiitii, Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., xx., 1867,

p. 5;"3.
Iljllii Jiitiijiiil iiniiii, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Batr., 2nd. ed.,

1882, p. 414, pi. xxvi., fig. 4.
11 ijlit hit(qiitl iiiiiiii, Fletcher, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales,

xxii., 1898, pp. 681 and 2.

Habit very slendei'. Head a.s broad as or slightly broader
than long, the measurement taken at a line di-awn between the
hinder margins of the tympana. Tongue sub-circular, slightly
nicked and free behind. Vomerine teeth in two oval, oblique
gi'oups, their front edges on a level with a line drawn between
the anterior mai-gins of the choanae. Snout pointed, ver}'
prominent, once and one half to twice as long as the orbital
diameter ; nostril nearer the tip of the snout than the eye.
Inter-orbital space as broad as or slightly biondor than the
nj)per eye-lid. Canthus rostralis distinct, romidcd ; loreal
regicm concave, with a groove fi'om the nostril to l)elow the
eye. Tympanum very distinct, with a distinct rim, foui-Htths
the diameter of the eye. Fingers free or fringi'd, the fringe
most prominent between the bases of the fingers ; fiist finger
opposed, slightly longer than the second ; no distinct iMidimoiit
of pollex. Discs veiy small ; sub-articular tubei'cles small
and very ])i()iiiim'nt. Toes fringed and with the exception of
the fourth, webbed almost to the di.scs. A small inner and a

'-' Boulcnt^er— I^rit. Mus. Cat. Lizmds, 2nd cd., ii., 1S85, p. 322.

A VAKANUS AND I'UOti I'Ud.M yUKKNSI.AND IKV.

21

still smallei- outer motatai'sal tubercle, and a row of small
tubercles on the underside ol' tlie metatarsals of tlie Hi'st to the
fourth toes. The tibio-tai-sal ai'ticulation of the outsti'et('hed
limb reaches well beyond the ti]) of the snout. Skin of back
almost smootli, with a few scattered small wai-ts. Abdomen
and underside of thighs ijfranulai", chest and throat sniootli. A
fold above the tjmpanuni absent or feebly developed ; another
across the cliest, and a well developed tarsal fold.

Colour (spirits) : — Light blnisli or greenish-gi'ey above,
uniform or with more or less distinct irregulai- maj'bling's of
darker grey. Sometimes a triangular dark mark lietween the
eyes. A dark streak runs from the nostril, through the eye to
behind the tympanum. Upper and lower lips spotted with
Avhite. A yellow streak runs from the front of the eye to the
angle of the mouth. Undersurfaces yellowish. Arms with a
row of black and white dots ah)ng the hinder border. Front
and Jiinder side of thi(jlis irlth rerij ncceiifinited liJarlr mid In-airn
ret i ml lit ions un a ijeJlinr (jrninid. Outer border of tibial and
tarsal regions with a row of black and white spots. Under-
surface of foot and sometimes the web marbled with biown.

Total length of largest specimen, from snout to vent, 37.5 mm.

This species is allied to Hijla freycineti, D. and B., which it
exactly resembles in general form. The following synopsis of
characters will serve to distinguish them.

Hyla freycineti, D. and B. : — Upper surfaces coA'ered with
large raised warts. A prominent
fold above the tympanum. Back
dark brown, coarse!}- variegated with
light brown. Hinder side of thighs
dark brown with a few irregular
lighter spots. Webbing of toes as in
fig. 11.

Hyla latopalmata, (innthcr : —
Upper sui'faces smooth or with a few
small, flat warts. A fold above the
tympanum may be feebly marked or
absent. Back greyish, uniform, or
with irregular reticulations, never
as distinct or as coarse as in H.
freijcineti. Hinder side of thiglis pale
yellow, reticulated with black or
brown markings. Webbing as in
fiff. 12.

ll'f

II. v>.

11, — Foot of //. fieycineli,

U. and B.

Fig. 12.— Foot of H. latopa/mata,

Giinther.

22 IJECdKDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN' I^H'SEUM.

Dr. Bancroft has forwarded a fine series of this rare frog,
and as his specimens show considerable difFerences from Dr.
Boulenger's description of tlie type, J have redescribed the
species.

iy'X>-. — -?-////" I'ifdjiiil iiiKtu has a wide and notewortliv distri-
bution. Kreft't says-^ : — "We believe tins to be a well dis-
tributed species which occurs at Adelaide, neai' Sydney, and
probably in the intermediate district." The above record of
Adelaide is the oidy notice of the species south of Svdnev.
Since then, however, it has been recorded from the following
localities : — Port Denison, Queensland (types) ; Brisbane,
Queensland, and Richmond, New South Wales (Boulenger) ;
St. Marys, near Sydney, Dandaloo on the Bogan River in
Westei'n New South Wales, Warroo in Queensland, King's
Sound and Kimberley in North West Australia (Fletcher) ;
the Australian Museum collection contains specimens collected
by Mr. Robert Helms between Bourke and Wilcannia on the
Darling River, Western New South Wales, a large series col-
lected by Dr. Bancroft at Eidsvold, Upper BurnettRiver, Queens-
land, and five specimens collected by the author at Norton's
Basin, Nepean River, New South Wales. Its distiibution is
mainly coastal, but it also occurs in Western New South
Wales and South Western Queensland. Together with
Fhrd-ctopti hrevipes, Peters, 1'. hreriiialniitfiis, Giinther, and /////"
rahella. Gray, it goes to show that the watei'slied of Queensland
is not such an efficient barrier to the migration of frogs as is
the Great Dividing Range in New South Wales. These
coastal forms have apparently found their way to tlie head of
the Darling River system on the tablelands of Southern
Queensland, and, following the permanent water, they have
become established on the Western Plains of New South
Wales and Southei'u Queensland.

Ll.M.NoUYXASTES DOKSAl.lS, (tntij.

In the preparation of the following pages 1 am indebted to
Mr. J. J. Fletcher, M.A., for much lielj) and valuable ciiticisni.
As explained in his paper,* he has, after examining a large
series of Liinmul ijiaixti's iliirtiulis, found cei'tain variations,
which, however, he refrains from naming. I have endeavoured,

• Krcttt. — .\ustr. N'crtcbrata Fossil and Recent, IS71, p. 6'^.

^ Fletcher — Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, xxii., lS'.i7, p. (375.

A VAKANl'S AXI> I'ljm; iKd.M yrKKN'SLANI" l'l;V

2;^

to sliow licrc. t(i wliat extent tliese variations may lie teiineil
g'eooTaj)hi('al. and liave sepai-ated tlic Kastci'ii and liiverina
forms from the Western. The accompanying map (tig. 13)
shows the distribution of the various varieties as at present
known.

Fig. 13.

+ + ♦ = Distribution of vai-.'"/<'';o;;i'.

+

;■■::, = Distribution of var. dnineiilii.
^^^^^.Mountain Ranges over '.iOOOft. in height.

The following kej- will serve to distinguish the varieties

(a) Back smooth. Markings in the form of isolated dark spots

or bands on a light ground. A light dorsal stripe

var. Iiij^iii-a.

(IiJ Back warty, granular, or Avith flat glands. Back dark
olive or brown, spotted or uniform. Rarely a pronounced
dorsal stripe.

24 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN" .MUSEUM.

(r) Toes cylindrical and devoid of fringe, or fringed and
webbed at the base. Back very dark, with or
without very obscure spots or marmorations. Some-
times a complete dorsal stripe

var. ihiiiierilli.

(re) Toes with a broad fringe, the first toe entirely webbed
and the second about two-thirds webbed. Back witli
irregular dark smudges or occasional spots. A curved

yellowish axillary mark var.

iidenuris.

LlMNODYNASTES IxiKSAlJS, drilH^ var. TYPICA.

(Plate ii., figs. 2 and 2a.)

Cij--'ti(i 11(1 fit IIS ilursiih'-<, Gi'ay, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vii., 18-il,

p. 91.
C ijstiijnatlnis ihirsalis^ Grray, Grey's Journ. Exped. W. Austr.,

ii., 1841, App. p. 446.
Cydli/nathnfi dorsal !!<, Gray, Eyre's Journ. Exped. Centr. Austr.,

L, 1845, pi. i., tig. 2.
Limnochjtiastes (^or*a//.y, Giinthei', Brit. Mus. Cat. Batr., 1st ed.,

1858, p. 33.
Liiaiiodijiiastes dursalis, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Batr., 2nd

ed., 1882, p. 261.
Li iiiiiodijimstes dorstditi, Fletcher, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South

Wales, xxii., 1897, p. 675.

Size and habit moderate. Head three-fourths to tour-Hftlis
as long as broad, the measurement taken at a line drawn
between the hinder margins of the tympana. Tympanum
distinct in most adult specimens, rathei- indistinct in young
examples. Vomerine teeth in two straight series extending to
the outer edge of the choanse. Toes rather long, depressed,
with a basal web. No outer metatarsal tubercle. Back almost
invariably smooth ; in one specimen tliere is a granular dorsal
patch.

('iiliiiir (sjiirits) : — Up])er surfaces light brown with hirge,
well defined, isolated dark brown spots or bands, Avhich are
arranged in two series. One comnuMiccs on tlie u[)[»er e^'elids,
narrows and continues to the vent, and is divided by the light
dorsal stripe. The other commences beliind the eyelid, and

A VAKANUS AMI FKOtl FKnM QlIKKNSI,Al''l> FKY. 25

hands

ruiuiinj,' along tlie back, breaks up into spots. These
may be so bi'oken up as to represent a chain of s])ois only, but
the above pattern is always traceable. A light oeainy dorsal
stripe extending from the tip of the snout to the anus is always
pi'esent. A dark brown band commences on the tip of the
snout and continues to above the arm. A dai'k spot on the
ui)perlip beneath the eye. Ui)i)er surface of shank barred with
bi'own. Under surfaces cieaniy white, throat speckled with
brown.

Length of largest specimen (snout to vent) 56 m.m.

Width of head ^5 m.m.

Length of head (to level of tympana) 20 m.m.

Length of outstretched hind limb 80 m.m.

Examples of var. ///y//Vr/ never attain the dimensions of the
lai-gest specimens of var. il/iiut'rilii, the western form, so far as
is known, never exceeding 60 m.m. in length.

Jjoc-i. — Properly localised specimens of var. ti/iiica would
appear to be rare in collections. Jt is, as far as 1 am aware,
recorded from the following places only. — Houtman Abrolhos,
Western Australia (Giinther, 1858, and Boulenger, 1882),
Geraldton and Perth, Westeria Australia (Fletcher, 1898),
Eighty miles South of Perth (Austr. Mus.), King George
Sound, Western Australia (Krefft, 1867 as L. bibrniill, see be-
low, p. 32), Port Essington, Northern Territory (Giinther,
1858, and Boulenger, 1882).

There are no records of this or any other frogs occurring
between King George Sound and Spencer Gulf in the Great
Australian Bight, and, as the country is almost devoid of water
permanent enough for breeding purposes, it seems improbable
that any will be found there. However, as our knowledge of
the distribution of fi-ogs in St)uth and Western Australia is
very meagre, it is quite possible that some of the burrowing
forms wdll be found to have adapted themselves to the un-
favourable conditions of the Bight county as they have done in
Central Australia. Another stretch of country where the
occurrence of L. dor.'iaJix is as yet conjectural, is between
Geraldton on the West coast and Port Essington in the Northern
Territory. But, as the present known distribution of this frog
points to its having reached South-Western Australia by Avay
of the North West coast, it seems reasonable to presume
that it still occurs there.

26 RECORDS OF THE AL'STRALIAX MfSEUM.

LniNODYXASTES i>ORSALi.s, dnnj, vHr. DrMKKiLii, Peters.
(Plate ii., fig's. 1 and la, Plate iii., fif^s. 2 and 2a.)

.'' ]]'iii/len'n dorsul /'.•<, fJii-ard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliilad.,

vi., 1853, p. 421.
Liiiinodijiitidfx (F/iifi/pIecfrdjiJ ilmiirrilii, Peters, Monatsb. Ak.

Wiss. Berlin, 1863, p. 235.
HeliordjKi (/rai/i, Steindachner, Reise "Novara," Amphib., 1867,

p. 32,pl.'ii., figs. 11-14
I'l'ityplcrtrnni xiiiifrriliitri\ Keferstein, rTottingen Nachrichteu,

1867, p. 346.

Helionuui snperriliiiris, Kefei'stein, Arcliiv. Natiirg., xxxiv.,

1868, p. 267, pi. v., fig. 7.

Helioraua (iraiji (.Steindachner), Keferstein, Arcliiv. Xaturg'.,

xxxiv., 1868, p. 266.
Li)iuto(Ii/n(isfes dorsulis, Giinther, Brit. Mus. Cat. Batr., 1st

ed., 1858, p. 33.
L'nnnoihjiKides dni-xaliK, Giintlier, Journ. Mus. Godeff., iv.. Heft.

xii'., 1876, p. 47.
Livhuodijvastes dorsalis, McCoy, Prodr. Zool. Vict., 1880, v.,

p. 12, pi. xxxii., fig. 2.
Limnodyna^'stes dorsalis, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Batr., 2nd

ed., 1882, p. 261.
Li»inodijnastes dorsalis, Fletcher, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South

Wales, xxii., 1897, p. 675.
Liiunudipuistes dorsulis, Savage-English, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1910,

p. 629, pi. li., fig. 3.

Size modei-ate to large. Habit moderate to very stout.
Head two-thirds to four-fifths as long as broad, the measure-
ment taken at a line dj-awn between the hinder margins of the
tympana. Tympanum hidden or visible. Vomerine teeth in
two straight or somewhat arched series, extending to or beyond
the outer edge of the choanae. Toes moderate or short, fringed
or totally devoid of fringe. A web more or less developed,
the fir'st toe occasionally almost entirely webbed. Outer
metatarsal tubercle present-^ or absent. Back tuberculated,
granulated, or with Hat ghmdular swellings.

' In several of Dr. Bancroft's specimens from Eidsvold, Queens-
land, there is a very distinct outer metatarsal tubercle, rcsembUnj'
in one case a miniature shovel-shaped inner tubercle.

A VAHAXUS AXn I'lUHi FKUM CjUKKNSLAXD VH\ .

27

Coloi/r (sjiirils) : — Dark <rroyiKli, biowuiKli, or olive above,
with or witliont a liq-lit doi-sal stripe. Back clouded, mar-
morated, or spotted witli l)]ack or dark brown, tlie spots in a
few cases, as in Nortli (Queensland examples and occasional
soiitliei'ii specimens, taking' the form of more or less continuous
obscure bands. Sides, tjland at ang-le of mouth, and undei-
surfaces lemon yellow ; the sides are always, and the belly,
throat, and the legs are sometimes reticulated with black or
brown. Hinder side of thigh black, spotted with grey, or, as
in some Queensland examples blotched with CT'imson. The
under surfaces of the hind limbs in some Queensland specimens
are uniform bright scarlet. Sometimes in speQimens from
Monaro Range, Southern New South Wales, the legs, sides of
back, canthus and gland at ang"le of mouth, have briglit
burnished bronzy reticulations.

The following measurements are given for the purpose of
showing still further racial forms. In all cases a specimen
typical of its district has been selected and measured, and
when the largest specimen is typical I have always measured
that one. Thus it will be seen that Queensland specimens
are very large and have very broad heads, and in North
Queensland examples the leg is very short ; Sydney specimens
are much smaller and haA^e a longer snout ; tableland specimens
are larger again and also possess a greater amount of webbing
to the toes ; and so on.

Table of Measurements in millimetres.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

From snout to vent

79.5

78

64

55

59

77

52

64

58.

Head, to level of tympanum

24

22

19

20

19

22

17

21.

17.

Width of head

37.5

36

30

25.5

28

37

22

26

25

Hind limb, outstretched

87

100

83

75

78

106

70

79.

70.

1, Cape York, Queensland, figured on PI. iii.. figs. 2 and 2a.

2. Burnett River, Queensland. Like the Cape York speci-

mens most of these examples have practically no fringe
to the toes, but the leg is considerably longer. In all
respects they link up Cape York and southern examples.

28 RECdRPP OF THK AI'STHAI.IAX Ml'SElM.

3. Brisbane, OLiccnsland. This specimen agrees almost

exactly with Dr. Steindachner's figure" of Heliorana
grayi.

4. Sydney, New South Wales. The largest Sydney example

in the Australian Museum Collection. The average
length is about 50 m.m.

5. Katoomba, Blue Mts., Central Tableland, New South

Wales. A rather distinct race, with a greater develop-
ment of fringe and web than Sydney examples. A
specimen figured on PI. ii., Hgs. 1 and la.

6. Jindabyne, Muniong Range, Southern Tableland, New-

South Wales. This specimen -s regarded as the nearest
approach to var. intci'ioris on account of the excessive
webbing of the toes, it is in all respects however, a
true var. diimerilii.

7. Bathurst, Central Tableland, New South Wales. Speci-

men in the iMaclcay Museum. The type of marking on
this example is nearer the W^estern Australian form than
any other New South Wales specimen I have seen.

8. Launccston, Tasmania. These specimens are typically

the common eastern form. They appear to differ from
Flinders Island specimens in the obscurity of the dorsal
stripe, which is quite distinct in the Island specimens.

9. Narracoorte, near the Victorian border in South Australia.

These resemble the Bathurst specimens mentioned
abo\e in having very accentuated markings, and it
will be seen that they agree fairly well in measure-
ments also.

JjOch. — A list of all the k)calities where tins variety is known
to occur is here given : —

Queensland : — Somerset, Cape York (Austr. Mus.), Cooktown,
North-east Coast (Gannan, 1901), (iayndah, Central-coastal
(Giintber, 1876, and Boulenger, 1882), Eidsvold, near Gayndah,
Burnett River (Austr. Mus., presented by Dr. Bancroft), Bris-
bane, South-coastal (Austr. Mus.).

New South Wales, (a) Coastal District : — Clai-ence River,
North Coast (Krefft, 1861), Nambucca River, North Coast
(Austr. Mus.), Port Stephens, Central-coastal (Macleay Mus.),
Sydney (Krefft, 1861, Fletcher, 1891. Austr. Mus!), Emu
Plains, Central-coastal (Fletchei-, 1891), Maytield, Shoalhaven
Disti'ict, Central-coastal (Ogilby, in Ktheridge and Thorpe,
1890), lllawarra. Central-coastal* (Fletcliei', 1890), Jervis Bay,
South Coast (Fletcher, 1894).

« Stcindachner — Reise " Novara," Amphibia, 1867, p. 32, pi. ii.,
figs. 11-14.

A VAKAM'S ANI> I'IKk; KltnM QURKNSI.ANH I'l.'Y. 29

(b) Tablelands and Mcmntains (The Great Dividiiipr
Range) : — Tainworth, Northern Tablelajid (Fletcher, 1894),
Inverell, Nortli-west slopes (Fletcher, 1894), Springwood and
Mt. Wilson, Blue Mts., Central Tableland (Fletchei', 1890),
Katoomba, Tarana, and Coal River at Hartley, Blue Mts.
(Austr. Mus.), (xuntawang and Cullenbone, Central Tableland
(Fletcher, 1890), Lucknow near Orange, Central Tableland
(Fletcher, 1892), Bathui-st, Central Tableland (Fletclier, 1892,
and Macleay Mus.), Hylstone, Central Tableland (Krefft,
1861), Cooma, Southern' Tableland (Fletcher, 1892), Jinda-
byne and Berridale, Southern Tableland (Austr. Mus.j.

Victoria: — Benalla, North-eastern (Fletcher, 1898), Warrogul,
South-eastern (Fletcher, 1890), Melbourne (McCoy, 1880),
Lake Boga, North-west (Krett't, 1861).

Tasmania: — Ulverstone (Fletcher, 1898, and Savage-English,
1910), Hobart, and Fingal (Savage p]nglish, 1910), Launceston
(Axistr. Mus. and Savage-English, 1910), Flinders Island,
Bass Strait, (Austr. Mus.).

South Australia : — -Adelaide (Peters, 1863, and Kreft't, 1867
and 1871), Narracoorte, near the Victorian border (Austr.
Mus.).

The great amount of variation w^ithin this form is to be
expedited purely to its diversified environment. Where condi-
tions are so unvarying as they are in Western Australia, we
do not find nearly the same amount of variation in the typical
variety. The tliickly timbered gullies of the Great Dividing
Range, the sandstone country around Sydney, and the rich,
sub-tropical, well-watei'ed districts of the Northern Rivers and
Queensland, all facilitate the development of specialised
variations. But, just why examples from the Great Dividing
Range should have a greater extent of webbing to the toes, or
why Sydney specimens should, on the whole, be smaller than
most others, is only to be accounted for by some local influence,
the character of which has yet to be observed.

The brilliant colours which occur in the bi-eeding season are
due, as pointed out to me by Mr. Fletcher, to the abounding
vitality at this period, which in L. durstilis affects also the
mucous glands, causing them to become enlarged and to exude
freely. With regard to breeding coloui's I have two intei'esting

30 RKCOKMtS UK THK AUSTKAl.lAX .MTSKUM.

records to make. In a large specimen from .liiidabyne,
Sontliei'u New South AVales, collected by Mr. A. R. McCulloch,
the back and legs were suifused with a bright coppery colour,
approaching that of Hyla aiiren. The ground colour was dark
green, and the uudersurfaces, as is usual in breeding specimens,
was a bright lemon yellow. The coppery marmorations were
confined to the head, sides of bod}-, and the upper surfaces of
the limbs. Again, in a large series of specimens from Eidsvold,
Upper Burnett River, Queensland, the legs and sides showed
bright scarlet markings. Thinking that this might be due to
the action of the presei'ving fluid, as is sometimes the case, I
wrote to Dr. Bancroft, who collected the specimens, and who
very kindly forwarded me a drawing showing the distribution
of the colours during life. The throat, gland at angle of
mouth, and sides of the abdomen are bright lemon yellow,
while there is a yellow streak marking a glandular area on the
side of the back. The chest, and the belly and symphysis are
creamy white. The groin, fi-ont side of thighs, and under-
side of shank is brilliant red. Reticulations of black or brown
on the belly may or may not be present, and are not breeding
colours. In a series of breeding specimens, collected during the
phenomenally i^ainy season of January and February, 1910, at
Katoomba, Blue Mts., these reticulations were exceptionally
marked ; a specimen is figured on PI. ii., figs. 1 and la.

The Cape York examples, obtained by Messrs. C. Hedley
and A. R. McCulloch in 1907, present a rather distinct form
(PI. iii., figs. 2 and 2a.) The vomerine teeth are very strong
and extend well beyond the edge of the choanal ; the toes are
shoj't and cylindi-ical and totally devoid of fringe, while the
marking approaches that of var. / /i/iini, a very distinct light
dorsal stripe being present. However these variations are en-
tirely linked up by the Burnett River series.

After the examination of a very large series of this frog
from many localities Mr. J. J. Pletcher'' says of its colour
vai'ieties : — " Tasmanian examples show a fairly established
differentiation into a spotted variety, with at least an incom-
plete doi'sal stripe, and an unspotted variety without :i doisiil
stripe. In Victoria the differentiation seems to be liiiily well
established. In Western Australia there seems to i)c ohI\ tlir

" Fletcher— Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, xxii., 1897, p. 675.

A VAKANUS ANI> KlJod FKoM qnKKNSl-AXli I'KV.

81

spotted variety, but in this the pattern has become un.re
detinite and accentuated, and the dorsal stripe more strikmjr.
In New South Wales we get commonly an unspotted variety,
and moi'e rarely a variegated but not satisfactorily spotted
variety." It will appear from this that it is impossible to
separate eastern and western examples on colour alone, and
while it is equally evident that the presence of a dorsal sti-ipe
and spots in eastern examples must be regarded as characters
likely to arise quite erratically, and which are not indicative
of racial variation, yet in no 'eastern examples are there such
accentuated or isolated spots as in western specimens, nor is
the dorsal stripe so pronounced, and in the few cases where it
does occur, it is genei'ally incomplete.

1 am indebted to Mr. E. A. Briggs, of the Australian
Museum, for the only South Australian specimens I have seen.
The four specimens were collected at Narracoorte, in South
Australia, near the Victorian border. They all have very
accentuated markings on the back, resembling in this respect
the specimens from Bathurst, Central Western New South
Wales. The markings however are in the form of irregular
marmoratioiis, thus differing from the very accentuated mark-
ings of var. tiipica, which are disposed in definite bands. In
on'e specimen there is a faint, broken indication of a dorsal
stripe. The under surfaces are densely reticulated with black.
The back is granular and in one example there are a few flat
wai'ts. The toes are moderately webbed and fringed, and the
fingers resemble those of var. fmnru in being pointed. There
is no doubt however that South Australian specimens are much
more closely allied to tlie eastern than the western form.

Mr. H. H. Scott, Curator of the Victoria Museum, Launces-
ton, has recently forwarded to the Trustees four fine specimens
from Tasmania. They are typically the eastern form, but
have verv prominent warts on the back which sometimes form
short longitudinal ridges. The upper surfaces are dark
purplish-brown and rather indistinctly variegated. In two
specimens there is a faint indication of an interrupted dorsal
stripe. The under surfaces are faintly and delicately spotted
with brown or grey. The toes are i)ut slightly webbed and
frineed.

32 RECOKDS (iK THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEl'M.

Short as is Dr. Peters' description*' of Liiiiniiih/iiit'<tef>
(Plafi/jilecfniii) (hiiiwrilii, there is sufficient to identify it witli
the eastern form. It is rather unfortunate that his name
shouki have to be used however, as North Queensland exam-
ples, although showing close affinity to New South Wales
specimens, are very different from the South Australian form
desci'ibed by him.

I am unable to refer to Keferstein's original description 9 of
FlafyplecfrKm SKj^eiriliare and so do not know the locality of
his type. But as his somewhat obscure figure ^^ published
later represents the eastern form I have included his name in
the synonomy of var. (Jnuienh't. Dr. Steindachner's fine figure ^^
of Heli(iri(N(t 'jrai/i leaves no doubt as to the form implied, and
represents a much more typical eastern example.

Mr. Gerard Krefft mentioned ^- a frog by the name of
Lhmiodi/ndstes hihroiiii, giving no description or remarks, but
appending the localities Adelaide and King George Sound. I
am not aware of any other reference to this name and it is
probably nothing moi'e than a fupsKf! rahiitii for L. ihitin-nlii.
This view is strengthened since Krefft knew anil recognised
L. diihicrUil as distinct, but did not mention it in his list of
species on this occasion.

In 1878 Dr. E. P. Ramsay exhibited ^'^ before the Linuean
Society of New Soutli Wales three specimens of a burrowing
frog allied to Llitntoihjiiastea fl<in^alit<, Gray, taken by Mr. James
Ramsay, near Merool Ci'eek, Lachlan District. After exam-
ining one of these specimens, two having apparently been lost
since, together with two others from Yandenbah, Riverina,
New South Wales, I have decided, as they are so distinct, to
sepai'ate them under the varietal name of ixtendris.

« Peters— Monatsb. K. Preus. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863, p. 235.
" Kct'crstcin— Gottingen Nachrich., 1867, p. 34«.
1" Kcfcrstcin— Archiv. f. Naturj?., xxxiv.. 1868, p. L'67, pi. v., li^. 7.
" Stcindachncr — Reise der " Novara," Amphibia, p. 3L', pi. ii., li^s.
11-14.

'-' KrelTt— Cat. Nat. and Industrial l^oducts N. S. Wales, Paris
Hxhibition. 1867, .App. p. 107.
'^ Ramsay— Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ii., 11 <S, p. 73.

A VAK'ANI'S AXIi IM-'Ud I'KoM Cjl'KKNSI.AN' D I'lvV. '.VA

LiMNdhvxASTKs i)(ii;sAMs, llriii/, vai'. ini'kk'kikis, /•'//•. iinr.

r Plate iii, tics. 1, la, lb, and Ic).

Size lai'ge, habit wry stout. Head tive-eif?litlis as loii^- ;is
broad, the measurement taken at a lino di'awn between the
hinder marsfins of the tympana. Vomerine teeth in two stout
groups not extendins^ out beyond tlie outer edge of t)ie choanjB.
In the tvpe, the specimen figured, the vomerine teetli ai'c
exceptionally stout. Foot very broad; toes short, stout, with
a very prominent fringe and with a well developed web which
extends to the extremity of the first and almost to the
extremity of the second toe; third, fourth, and fifth toes about
one-third webbed. No outer metatarsal tubercle. Back
smooth or with a leatliery texture.

Colour (sjilrlfs). — Liglit brown above, wath a few lai'ge bi-owii
markings, situated on the sides of the back. These marking's
border above a lighter brown band which starts behind the
eyelid and continues to the groin. A very distinct brown band
starts on the canthus and extends on to the side wdiere it
breaks up into a series of reticulations. Upper-lip brownisli.
A curved half-inoon shaped yellowish axillary mark.

Total length of largest specimen (Type) 84 m.m.

Length of head to level of tympana 23 ui.m.

Width of head 'SS m.m.

Length of outstretched hind limb 102 m.m.

The distinguishing characters of this variety are : —

1. From L. dorf<iills var. tijiiica it differs in the broader head)

stouter form and much larger size, the excessively
webbed and fringed toes, the stout vomerine teeth, and
the absence of a definite pattern of colour marking.

2. From L. ilorxiilis var. (luiiicriHi it is also distinguished,

though less definite!}', by the greater extent of webbing
and fringe to the toes, and the short, stout vomerine
teeth. The head is broader and the peculiar axillary
mark is absent in both var. dainerilii and var. tijpiai.

Locs. — Four specimens are in the collection. The type was
collected at Merool Creek, Riverina, New South Wales, by Mr.
James Ramsay. Two other specimens almost as large, were
collected by Mi-. K. H. Bennett at Yandenbah, Riverina ; a
fourth, somewhat smaller specimen is unfortunately without
data.

34 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN .MUSEL'.M.

The above is a very distinct geographical variety and has
very little in common with the typical form. Although
approached by some examples of var. dnnwrilii, it is neverthe-
less constantly separated by the characters given above. It is
worthy of note however, that the specimens of var. ilinuerUli
which show the closest affinity to this form, occur on the Great
Dividing Range in a region where the range may be said to be
the eastern boundary of the Riverina District, and the habitat
of var. iHterioris:.

I'.XI'l.AXATInX n|' I'l.AlK I.

/////(/ hi/itinil iinilii. (!iiii1 luM, Kiilaro'cd,

UI'.C AISTK. MIS., \'()L. X

J'l.ATK 1.

I). B. Fky, del

EXl'J,A.\ATln.\ ill' IM.ATK II.

Fic- 1. Li iiiiio'l ijiKixfe^ (hirtmll^, ^'i'f*y, var. thnitcniii , Peters.
Blue Mountains, Central 'rahlrlaiid, Xew Soutli
Wales. Ventral view.

Fip\ la. Li iintnil ijiiKsffs (hinHiii::^ (jrav. \ar. 'I n mcrilii , Peters.
Blue Mountains, C'cntial ralilelaml. New South
Wales. Side view.

Fi^". 2. Liiininrhiiiiisff'^ iJor^ali'-, (iiav, var. ti/jn'ru.. Western
Australia. Dorsal view.

Fiti'. 2a. Li III mill ijini-^li'^ ilnj-sii/i^^ (ii'iiv, var. hijiicii. Vww of
palate.

'<'''* • M S. MIS.. \-()h. X

). n. I''i;

• i;v. lie

KXl'l,A\ATIiiX OF n.AI'i: III.

Fitr. 1 Iji III mill i/ii((xti's (/n/-.s(^//s, (li'ay, var. iiifrrniri-^. Fi'w I'^roni
tlie type specimen, Mei-ool Creek, Riveriua. Xew
Soutli Wales. Dofsal view (I'edueed).

Vmx. la. Li III imil iiiidsfes (lursid !>', (jrray, var. iiifi'riiiri.<, Fry. l-'ruiii
the tvpe specimen. View of ])alate (reduci'd ).

i'"i^i;". 11». Iji III iinil iiiiiisfi's ilnrsitl is, (ivay, viiv. iiilrrinfi-^, l-'i-y. l^'nuii
tlic t \|ie specimen. View of axilla, sliowinu' tlic
(•ur\ I'd white mark.

Fi,^'. Ic. Li iiiiinil i/uii>;li's ilnisiil is, {\vi\\, v;\}\ iiilrrinri.<. Fry. l''r(ini
an iiidociilised spcciiiuMi. Side view of head

(reduced J.

Fitr. 'i. Li III iioihiinisli's ilnr^iih's. (Jriiy. var. iIh uirrilii, iV'tei's.

Somerset, Cape ^'oi'k. (^MuH'iishind. I)oi-sal \iew

(reduced).
Fitr. -H. Li III iinil ijiiiistrs iliirsiilis, (iray, var. ihiincrihi, Peters.

Somerset, Cape Yoi'k, (.^)ueenslan 1. \'iew of

palate (reduced).

' " -^ ' ' > . . \ < M , . .\

I'l-ATK III.

'. M.'V. (lei

A VKKY KKMAHKAJiLK SJ'KCIES OF

SPONGOrHYLIJM FROM THE UPPKFl SILURIAN

ROCKS OF NEW SOUTH WALKS.

B}- II. Fi'1IKi;iim;k, .Itm;., Cm-atoi'.

(i'lates iv-vii.)

^riie .subject ot the present papei' tirst caiiie under my iiDtice
whilst engaged in a ge()h)gical travei-se of tlie Ujiper Silurian
beds exposed in the coui-se of the Yass River, between the
town of the same name and the Devil's Punch-bowl, )iear tlie
Yass-Murrumbidgee Rivers Junction. The specimens so
obtained wei*e subsequentlv augmented by additions made by
Mr. A. J. Shearsby.

Genus Spongoj)liyllum, Kihrmils uinl llniuK, 1851 ^

(Polyp. Foss. Terr. Pal., I80I, p. 425.)

Sp()ngo])hyllum enorme, .-7/. nor.

(Plates iv-vii.)

Sp. ('It((rs. — Coralluni compound, in the form of very large
spreading masses with an uneven or undulating upj)er surface.
Cm-allites very large, separating from one another on percussion,
polygonal (quadrangular, pentagonal, or hexagonal), defined
at the surface by grooves, and formed by a sei-ies of close-
titting invaginated cups, sometimes two and a half inches in
diameter. Theca ill developed and often undefined. Calices
funnel-shaped, moderately deep, flat bottomed, to some extent
flattened around the peripheries, thence shelving inwards and
downwards, average diameter one half to three quarters of an
inch. Visceral chambei-s simply defined by the edges of
inturned vesicular ])lates, and by successive repetition forming
the general mass of each corallite. Septa numerous but weak,
visible only as short lamiiife around the edges of each calicular
fossa passing for a brief distance on to the central, flat, tabulate
area, and sometimes faintly continued over the funnel-shaped
peripheral surfaces of the calices. Tabula? incomplete, con-
sisting of flat or slightly rolling close plates forming lenticular
vesicles which pass insensibly into the general body of smaller
vesicles forming the peripheral mass of each corallite.

' Emended Schliitcr.

36 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Obx. — Tlie large size of the corallum in the first instance, and
that of tlie corallites in tlie seccnd i-enders this a conspiciious
and striking coral. It is composed of a series of closely
ahutting polygonal corallites defined on a weathered surface
by grooves whicli are not the external manifestation of corallite
walls, but simply mark the boundaries of each corallite, and
in some conditions of weatheritig become exsert. Notwith-
standing this close contact the corallites are not firmly united
latei'ally, but remain sepai-ate and distinct and on percussion
fall apart.

Each corallite is coixiposed of an outer or peripheral zone of
superimposed small arched vesicles, which inwardly merge into
highly inclined lenticnlai- vesicles forming tlie sides of the
calices and viscei-al chambers, passing more or less horizcmtally
across the lattei', the uppermost forming tlie bare centi-al
tabulate area. The constant repetition of this sti-ucture gives
rise, in weathered specimens, to a series of irregularly
invaginated cups, the lai-gest corallite observed measuring two
and a half inches in its longest diameter. Within tlie
boundary grooves the surface of each cornllite slopes slightly
inwards to form a pei'ipheral area arouml llie centT-al deeper
poj'tion, or calice pro[)er, tlie whole HssuniiiM.;' n nioi'e or less
funnel-shaped appearance.

The weakly developed laineHur septa only extend for a
coni{)aratively sliort distance over the calice floors ; the iiuiiiber
of lamellie is unknown.

The tabuhe proper, /. c the flooi's within tlie visceral chambers
are incomplete, they do not individually extend fi'om side to
side, but are formed by lenticular vesicles, and mei-ge into
those arcmnd the peripheries ; this tabulate area is, as a rule
from half to three quartei's of an inch wide.

Thin sections piepared for the microscojie reveal but little
more than the features already described, it is, therefore, un-
necessary to refer to these in detail. In the tiansverse section
figui'ed, it will be noticed that the short lamellar sejita are not
traceable on the vesicles surrounding the viseral chambers, and
are only seen on the exterior of weathered specimens. Sections
taken in Imtli directions display the discontiuucnas development
of the walls. In places there certainly appears to be a wall

St'ONtJiUMI VM.IM l'l;(i,\l IIIK ri'I'Kl; SIHIUAN I.MiCkS dl' N.S.W. .S7

pinper (i'l. vii., ti<i-. 2), vi't a<i-aiii at the jiiiictioii of coiititriious
coiallites we nee only tlie outer ends of the |)eri})heral vesicles
abuttiiisr ayaiTist one another leavin«^ a Hinfjle dark line resembl-
ingf a wall ; or, the ends of the vesicles facing one another
sejtarated bv a o^iveji s|)ace tilled with stereoplasmic
matter similar to that Iiiiin,<>- the general cavities of the
coral. This deposit sometimes iindertj^oes a furthei' alteration
into clialcedonic matter. In weathered examples the ends of
the vesicles are visible without any coverino- whatever.

To neither of our desci'ibed Australian species (S. liliKtrtitimi,
and (S'. (ii<iiiiifi'init) is this nearly related, the various parts are on
a far larger scale and the development of tlie septal system
is less. It was, at first, very doubtful whether or not to refer the
coral to S}>t>iiiii>iiliiiJIin)i, but no more available genus has pre-
sented itself. The only species in any way comparible with S.
eiiorme in size is N. him f hi, Schliiter^, but even here tlie differ-
ences are very mai'ked. The vesicular structure closely
I'esembles that of ( hu jih ijuni.

Liic. Escarpment north-east of Boonoo Ponds Creek, Hat-
ton's Cornel', Yass Kiver, near Yass (L'. Eflicriih/r and .1. ./.

S/ii'iirshij).

Hiir. — Boonoo Ponds Limestone, Upjier Silurian. The
limest(nie is the "coralline " or "fourth" limestone of Prof.
T. W. E. David's Yass section'^ ov immediately below the
Hatton Corner (? Humewood) Limestone-^, the uppermost
limestone bed of the Yass River series.

- Schluter— Verhandl. Nat.-Vereines Preuss. Rheinl. Wcstf.,
xxxvii., 18S1, pi. viii., tigs. 1 and 2.

:: David— Ann. Rcpt. Dcpt, .Mines N. S. Wales, 1881 (1882), p. !48,
map and sections.

■* The " Coral-reef " of .Icnluns — Proc. Lmn. Soc. N. S. Wales,
iii., 188, p. 26.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV,

Spoiiyoitliyllnm eiun-ine, Kth. fil.

A lai-ye weatlierod specimon, seen riniii alxive. Tlie closely
tittiiiii' invaoMuated cu])s are distinctly visible. — Kediiced
appfoxiinatt'l V onc-tliiid.

H. Bakxes, Ju.xi;., plioto,
Austr. Mus.

EXPLAXATKiX OF PLATE V

Spdiiy'oplivllniu eiiorme, Elli. liJ.

A vveatliered hut better presei-ved exainplc than tliat sIhiwh
ill Plate iv. The corallites are iimrf clearly detiiietl and
the septal laiuelhe visible. — Ma^'uiiird iipproxiniatclv (Hie-
foui-th.

U. A I .> 1 l\. i\l L ^., \ ( M,. A.

n.ATK V

BaKXES, JuXR., pliotn,

Austr. Mus.

EXPLANATION l)K I'l-ATK VI.

Spdiio'ojjlivlluiii eiionno, /v///. //'/.

Three weathered eoi'allites viewed laterallv ; that on tlie
ris^ht is one of tlie laro-est eoi'allites in tlir cunection.
Nat. size.

EEC. Ai'STij. :\irs.. VOT.. X.

I'l.ATK VI,

4^~

ffc*^**

=^.

* - ^»— via*.

H. Barnes, Junr., plioto,
Austr. Mu.s.

EXPLANATION (iF PLATK VII.

Spt)iio'o]ili_vllu]n enornie, Efh. pi.

Fig-. 1. Lono-itndiiial sectiou of portions of two corallites. —
Magnified approximately one-tliiril.

Fig. 2. Transverse section of portions of three corallites
displaying- their functions Avith one another, the
central tabulate spaces, and periplieral vesicles. —
Magnified ap})roxiinately one-third.

Fiff. 3. Transverse section of a single coi'allite, with the
... ^ .

same maa'nitication as that of Fiy. 2.

RKC\ AUSTK. Mrs.. VOL. X.

I'LATI'l \ll

..^PPWJfyrTTaE^aggjglg^

3>r.v"vs3^

H. Barnes, .Junr., micro. -plioto,
Austr. Mus.

ON TllK KAHLY IllSTOKV OK 'IMIK AUSTKAMAN
CASSOWARY (CASrjh'irs AfSririLIS, Wall).

By Ai,n;Ki. .1. Nokth, C.M.Z.S., C.M.B.O.U., Ofiiitlioloo-ist..

(I'lates viii-ix.)

CamniriK.-! Kiitifnills was the only avi-fauiial type secured
during Kennedy's ill-fated expedition in 1848, from Rocking-
ham Bay to Cape York, when so many valuable lives were
lost. Sinofularly enough its early history is associated with
the second, third and fourtli Curators of the Australian
Museum,^ which was the fii'st Institution to receive a specimen.

For my purj)ose it will be necessary to transcribe the
following extracts relating to Cn^iiKri it>; inisfridls.

The existence of a Cassowary inhabiting Australia was first
made known in 1849 by the late Mr. Wm. Carron, Botanist to
the Kennedy Expedition, who remarks in his " Narrative " i"
November 4th (1848): — " Tliis morning Jackey went to
examine a scrub through which we wanted to pass, and while
out, shot a fine Cassowary ; it was very dark and heavj", not
so long in the leg as the common Emu, and had a larger body,
shorter neck, witli a large i-ed, stiff, horny comb on its lieacl ;
Mr. Wall skinned it, but fi'om the many difficulties with which
he had to contend, the skin was spoiled before it could l)e
properly preserved."

Referring to this specimen the following is the gist of
Gould's remarks in his "Handbook to the Birds of Australia"^
undei' the name of ('<i>iin(rliis inisfniJis^.WaW. "All that we at
present know on the subject is comprised in the following
extract from the 'Illustrated Sydney Herald' of the 3rd June,

'—The first Curator of the Australian Museum, 1838-45 was the
Rev. William Branthwaite Clarke, M.A., the " Father of Australian
Geoloj»y," Rector of St, Thomas Church of England, North Sydney,
1846-70 and Elective Trustee of the Australian Museum, 1853-74.
(R.E.)

la Carron — Narrative of an Expedition undertaken under the
direction of the late Mr. Assistant Surveyor E. B. Kennedy for the
Exploration of the Country lyinj^ between Rockingham Bay and
Cape York, 1849, p. 64.

- Gould— Handbook Bds. Austr., 1865, ii,, p. 206,

40 HECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

1854. — A specimen of this bird was jti'ocuied by tlie late Mr.
Tliomas Wall, Naturalist to the Kxpedition comniaiuled by Mi-.
Kennedy. It was shot near Cape York in one of those almost
inaccessible gullies on that pai-t of tlie Australian continent.
This Cassowarj^ when erect stands about five feet high ; the
head is without feathers, but covered with a blue skin and like
the Emu, is almost without wings, having mere rudiments, the
body is thickly covei'ed with dai'k brown wiry feathers; on the
head is a large prominence or helmet of a bi-ight red colour, and
to the neck are attached, like bells six or eight round fleshy balls
of bright blue and scarlet which gives the bird a very beautiful
appeai-ance. The first and indeed, the onl\' specimen obtained
of the Australian Cassowary was unfortunately left at
Wejnnouth Bay, and has not been recovei-ed. Mr. Wall being
most anxious for its j)reservation had secured it in a canvass
bag, and carried it with him to the spot where it was UTifor-
tunately lost. In the ravine whei'e the bird was killed, as well
as other deep and stony valleys of that neighbourhood, it was
seen running in companies of seven oi' eight. On that part of
the north-eastern coast therefoi-e it is probably plentiful, and
will be met with in all the deep gullies at the base of high
hills. The flesh was eaten and found to \)v delicious ; a single
leg afforded more substantial food than ten or twelve hungi-y
men could dispose of at a single meal. The bii'd |)ossesses
gi'eat sti-ength in its legs and makes use of it in the same
mannei' as the Emu. Its whole l)iiil(l is iiioi-e strong and
heavy than the latter bird. It is very wai'y but its pivsence
may be easily identified by its utterance of a peculiaily loud
note, which is taken uy) and (H-hoed along the o-ullics; and it
could be easily killed with a rifle.

The above account was fiii'iiislicd l)\ M f. 'riioiiias Wall's
brothei', Mr. William Sheridan Wall (the sccund) Ciiralor i.f
the Australian Museum."

Gould had previouslv supplied \itiiiall\ tlu' saiiie informa-
tion to the Zoological Societv of London, ami it was pulilislied
in the " J'roceedings " foi- 1857 (p. 271).

Accoi'ding to I)i'. P. li. Sclater at a nicclinu- of the Zoologi-
cal Soc-iety of London, held mi the 2Stli K('l)ruary. 1S()7, the
Secretai-y (Mr. now Di. \\ L. Schitfi) read 1 he following
extl'acts from a letter addressed hy l)r. (aftei wai-ds Hai'on) F.

EAKI.V IIISI(i|;Y 111' THE ArSTKAMAN CASSdWAfiY NORTH. 41

vou Mueller, of Melbourne, to a newspaper, "The Austra-
lasian," of tlie loth Decenibei', 1866, •"[■ivinf;;' further particulars
as to the Cassowary of Austialia: — "For the intelligence of
the existence of an Austialian true Cassowary, and for the
means of defining' j)reliniinarily its specific charactei's, 1 am
indebted to (i. Randall Johnson, Ksq. who in Se[)teniber last,
while on a visit to Rocking-lmni Hay, shot in the Gowrie
Creek scrub, the t>nly specimen of this I'emarkable bird as 3'et
obtained, and whose name T wish it should bear ; and I can-
not do better than to give in the first instance publicity to the
lucid remarks transmitted to me by that gentleman." Here
follows Mr. Johnson's, not Dr. Mueller's, desci'iption of the
bird, and for which Mueller has in so many instances been
placed as the authority t\)r the description of ('(D^iinriiis
jnJnisdiii, instead of only suggesting a specific name to Mr.
Johnson's description. " In referring to this letter Mr. Sclater
called attention to the communication he had made on the
same subject to tlie meeting on December 13th, 1866^ and
remarked that the bird was, no doubt, the Cdsuarutf; anstraJif!,
Gould."

At the meeting of the Zoological Society held on the 9th
May of the same year* " A letter was read from Dr. G.
Bennett, F.Z.S. (Trustee of the Australian Museum) dated
2l6t February, and addressed to the Secretary, in which
details were given respecting the re-discovery of Casuariuf;
australis in Queensland, and photographs were enclosed of a
specimen of this bird recently received by the Sydney
Museum. Dr. Bennett's communication enclosed a copy of
the following letter, addressed to tlie Editor of the ' Sydney
(Morning) Herald ' by Mr. W. Carron, one of the three sur-
vivors of Kennedy's Expedition, during which the original
example of Caaaarlus anstraJis had been procured : —

" Botanic Gardens, Sydney,
Sth February, 1867.

"Sir — In the 'Herald' of to-day is a letter from Mr. G.
Kreift of the Sydney Museum, giving the description of a
Cassowary lately obtained by Mr. G. Randall Johnson at
Rockingham Bay, and also alluding to one shot by Mr. Thomas

» Sclater— Proc. Zool. Soc, 1866, p. 557.
■• Bennett— Proc. Zool. Soc, 1867, p. 473.

42 KECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Wall while on the expedition to Cape York with the late Mr.
E. B. Kennedy.

"I have just seen the bird sent to the Musenni by Mi.
Johnson, and I think it is identical with that shot by Mr.
Wall in the vicinity of Weymouth Bay, in November, 1848 ;
but the description given of the latter as quoted from Gould's
work on ' Australian Birds ' is not correct. I am aware that
in the few remarks on Wall's bii'd, which appear in my narra-
tive of Kennedy's expedition, there is an error as to the colour
of its helmet or comb, wliich was hlurh not reiJ (the redness
referred to the wattles) an error which I have before corrected.
As I was present when Wall's bird was shot, and helped to eat
it, I had a good oppoi'tunity of knowing something about it.
Instead of going in flocks of live or six together, it is certainly
a solitaiy bird, and would appear to be very scarce, as only
two others were seen by our pai'ty during the whole journey
from Rockingham Bay to my fui-thest camp at Weynunith
Bay in latitude 12*^ 25'S. This bird had shorter but lai'ger
legs, heavier body, and shorter neck than the Emu, the colour
very dark, its habits, too, being unlike those of the Emu. It
appears to confine itself to the gullies in the thick jungles with
the Brush-Turkeys and Jungle Fowl, feeding on the various
fruits found there, even swallowing the large seeds of ('(ixtmio-
permuni and Fcuidaiius. Mr. Wall took every care of the skin
he was able to do ; but it was completely destroyed before
he died, together with my own specimens at Weymouth Bay.
This bird was certainly very large, and furnished our whole
party with a better supper and breakfast than we had enjoyed
for some months, or than poor Wall was destined to enjoy
again (as he and all liis companions, with the exception of
myself and one other, had died iu six weeks after from want of
food) ; but there Avas not one in the party who would not
have eaten more if he could have got it, every meal being
divided with the greatest nicety, and having been so for a
long time.

'* 1 am, Sir, yours etc.,

W. Carkon."

At the same meeting, and recorded onlj- a few pages farther
on, Mr. (ierard Krefft, the third Cui'ator of the Australian
Museum, remarks^: — "The existence of a species of Cassowary

•'' K'l-dTt — Pioc. Zool. Soc, 1867.

KAi;i,Y IIISTOKV (iK Till' A I'STKAI.IAX CASSOWAKY NOKTH. 43

in the iiortliem pai't of Australia lias Ixm'h known foi' manv
_years, from native ornaments in wliicli (Vissowary featliei's
form apart, and from tlie re])ort df the sui'vivin-s of Kennedy's
Exjtedition, wlio state they actually sliot one of tliose birds.
Mr. W. S. Wall, late Curator oF this Museum, has even (^-one
so far as to g-ive a very brief description in a defunct Sydnev
newspaper, published in June 1854. ({onld has quoted tliis
description in liis 'Handbook on the Birds oF Australia,'
acceptino- the name proposed by Wall, of rn^/mriiis ansfndil,
t}iou,e:li Wall's description (?) was founded on nothinj? more
than the reniai'ks of one of Kennedy's men, that they had sliot
a bii'd unlike an Kniu with wiry featliers and a top-knot or
helmet."

"The brief account which Wall ^/ixe^ us is as follows .- —
'The body thickly covered witli dark-brown wir^- featliers ; on
the head is a larofe prominence or helmet of a bright red
colour, and to the neck are attached like bells six or eight
round fleshy balls of bright blue and scarlet.'" Mr. Carron
who gave some notes to Wall about this bird, has assured me
that this specimen had no red helmet, that its plumage was
not brown, but black, and that it was not true that twelve
hungry men made a meal off a single leg, and had enough and
some to spare. So much therefore for this very vague account
quoted by Mr. Gould.

" The Cassowary which I am now about to describe was
presented to the Australian Museum by Mr. G. Randall
Johnson, who informs me that it was shot by him Avhen on a
visit to Messrs. Scott and Go's. Herbert Station, iji the Gowrie
Creek Scrub, near Rockingham Bay. Mr. Johnson has furnished
me with a description of the appearance of the fleshy part of
of the neck in the living bird, and is anxious to see some
former statements made by him through Dr. Ferd. Mueller
corrected ; and as the newspaper account given by Dr. Mueller
will probably be quoted by other writers, 1 call "the attention
of the Fellows of this Society to the fact that it contains many
inaccuracies.

" When announcing the discovery of a Cassowary, Dr.
Mueller suggested that, if new, it should be named in honour
of the discoverer ; and acting upon this suggestion T be"- to
propose the name of ('mKurius Joluixau! for it." Here folfows
Krefft's description of the bird described under this name.

44 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSETM.

Let lis now revert to the oi'itjinal description of Casxan'us
johnso)n', published in " The Australasian " and subsequently
in the " Pi-oceedings of the Zoological Society of London." It
will be noted that Dr. Mueller, even then widely known for his
high scientific attainments, whether intentionally or not, omits
to make any reference to Mr. W. S. Wall's description of a
similar bird, thirteen years before, under the name of ('dsuKrius
aid^fndis, in the " Illustrated Sydney News " of 3rd June,
1854, and which Gould had transcribed intt) his " Handbook
to the Birds of Australia " piiblished in 1865^. Moreover,
Carron had so far back as 1849 made reference to a Cassowary
from Northern Queensland in his " Narrative of Kennedy's
Expedition fi'om Rockingham Bay to Cape York."

At a meeting of the Zoological Societ_y of London, held on
the 11th June, 1868^ -Dr. (then Mr.) P.L. Sclater, exhibited a
veiy fine and pei'fect skin of the Australian Cassowarv
(CiisiKiviiis axsfrulis-)^ which had been transmitted to him bv Mr.
Charles J. Scott, of Queensland, and was believed to be the first
example of this bird that had reached Eui'ope.

*' The present specimen of the Australian Cassowarv had
been shot in the beginning of November last by Mr. Henry
Stone, overseer to Messrs. Scott Brothers & Co., at their station
in the Vale of Herbert, in the same scrub from which the
specimen described by Mr. Kreff t in the Society's 'Proceedings'
for 1867 (p. 482) had been procured."

The late Baron von Muellei-, altliough of world-wide fame as
a Botanist, was not an Ornithologist, and it is remarkable that
being in the same city he did not submit ^Ir. Johnson's
desci'iption to the late Sir Frederick McCoy, the eminent
Director of the National Museum, Melbourne, and a high
authority on the Australian avi-fauna. This is more extra-
ordinary seeing that both Dr. Mueller and Professor McCoy
were members of the Council of the Acclimatisation Society
of Victoria, and their names among othei-s appear next one
another as having attended the usual weekly meeting on Tues-
dav, lltli December, 1866, only four days before Pi-. Mueller

" Gould— Handhk. Bds. .Austr.. ii., 1865, p. 206.
" Proc. Zool. Soc, IS68, p. 37b.

KA]n,Y llIST(il!Y (IF TIIK ATSTItAMAX ("ASS( (WAIJY — -NdKTII. 4')

soiit Ml'. .loliiisoirs (k'sci'ipt ion nt' the Cyassovvai'v to "The
Australasian."^ Moreover, the latter is foHowed by a |>Hj)ei'
by Professor McCoy, entitled : " On a new Victf)riaii species
of Diamond-bii'd," VnnJnlotits .iinif/iDjHjijc (.i-Kiit/idjii/iiiHsj.
Pi'ofessor M<'('oy could have told Di'. Mueller at once that tlie
bird bad been already described, and thus prevented the
creation of a synonym. On j-efei-i-iufi' to " The Australasian "
of December 29th, 186(i, not the 15th December as recorded
by Gould, Salvadoi'i, Hothschild and otliers, I find Dr. Mueller's
letter on jiajje 1221 under the lieadino- "Discovery of a True
Cassowary in North-east Austi-alia." It consists of a letter
over a column in length, and clearly shows that Dr. Mueller
did not wish to appropi'iate the credit of Mr. Johnson's de-
scription, for the latter, placed between inverted commas, is
wedofed in the middle of Dr. Mueller's remarks, from which
the following extracts are made. " Fi-om these notes and a
sketch simultaneously received it is obvious that CitsHurins
J (i]i 11x011 ii must rank as a separate species. The size of the
bird may be the same as that of the Indian ('(iximn'iif! (jdleatus

Farther disci'epancies between the two species

will unquestionably be pointed out by our learned professor
of natural history, whenever that solitary specimen, which I
intend to present to the Melbourne Zoological Museum shall
have arrived." It was destined, however, never to reach Mel-
bourne, nor Dr. Mueller to even see this specimen, for in "The
Sydney Morning Herald," February 8th, 1867, p. H, Mr. G.
Krefft refers to the same specimen under tlie title of "The new
Casuary — Casuai-ius Johnsonii," and anuing others, makes the
following remarks : — "In the last December number of 'The
Australasian,' Di-. Mueller announced the discovery of a new
Casuary, which Mr. G. Randall Johnson shot at Gowrie
Creek, Rockingliam Bay. The excellent description by the
discoverer, which Dr. Mueller quotes in his letter enabled me
to see at once tliat this could not be the Casuarv mentioned
by the late Mr. T. Wall

"The discovei'er has presented this intei'esting noveltv to the
Trustees oi the Austi-alian Museum, on whf>se l)ehalf I beg to
thank Mr. Jolinson for his valuable erift.

» "'The Austiulasian," Dec. 15th, 1866, p. 1170.

46 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEFM.

" The l)iitl will Ije set np iit once, and I liope to tind a coi'ner
for it in tlie now overci'owded Museum."

Kreft't's version of Wall's oiiginal description of the first
Australian Cassowary obtained is somewhat misleading' for he
quotes only a part of what th<^ latter really did record in tlie
' Sydney Illustrated News' (not " Herald " as has so persistently
been used by every writer giving a reference to the original
description, from Gould downwai'ds), of Saturday, June 3rd,
1854, p. S8. As to Krefft's statement that Wall's description
of L'ti.-tiKi rills Kitsfnilif! was published in " a (now) defunct Syd-
ney newspaper " let me here quote a letter received by me from
Mr. H. Wright, then Acting Principal Librarian of the I'ublic
Library of New South Wales, under date, 26th April, 1911 : —
" In reply to your letter of yesterday's date, I beg to infoi-m you
that ' The Illustrated Sydney News ' was first issued in
October, 1853, and the last issue is dated February, 1894."

On turning u]) the oi'iginal descri[)tion of ('ustiKn'/is rn/,s7/-<///.s-,
at the Public Library, Sydney, published nearly fifty-nine
years ago, 1 was astonished to find that Wall accompanied his
description ol' ( 'usiiuri us luixt mlis, with unmistakable figures
(wood-cuts) of a Cassowai'v, one bii'd standing u]), the other
crouched down. 'I'his fact has not been previously recorded.
Following on aftei' his desci'iption is this jiaragraph : — "Tlie
above discovery of the Australian Cassowary, was logether
with the description taken from rougli sketches and notes be-
longing to the late Mr. Thomas Wall, the discoverer of the
bii'd, and kindly forwarded bv his brother, Mr. A\'illiani Sliori-
den Wall, Cui-ator of the Australian Museum."

Little knowledge can be gainetl fi'om tlii' "Austi'alian
Museum Repoi't " for 1867, of the type of ('usiinr'nis jvJnisoiii,
beyond the fact that Mr. Johnson presented the specimen in
that yeai', Init in the minutes of the Board Meeting ol' tlic
Trustees for February, 18(57, the Curatoi' has found that it
was I'eceived dui'ing the j)revious month. No llegisters were
kept in those days, neithei' lias any conMiuinication from Mr.
ilolinson been preserved icspcrting it. The accom])anying
figure has been reproduced from the (n-iginal ]>hotogi'apli ol
the tvpe taken by the late Mr. Henry T^arnes. and whidi is
still in t he Museum.

EA1U,Y lllSI'dliV OF TMK Al'STKAMAN CASSOWAIIY NOKTII. 47

Count Salvadori in tlie "Catalogue of Birds in the Hritisli
Muspnnr"' in referring to CiirJopsifta iiiacleaijinnt deseribed by
Dr. K. P. Ramsay in the "Sydney Morning Hei'ald " re-
marks : — " According to tlie rule followed in the Zoological
Catalogues of the JJritisli Museum, right to pj'iority cannot be
claimed for specific names published in newspapers." In the
present instance, liowevei', Wall's name of Casuariutt ((iisfra1i.<,
was made good by (lonhl in his "Handbook to the Birds of
Australia," and that of ( '. jn/iiiKniu (a synonym of the former)
suggested by Mueller, properly described later on by Ki'eff't in
the "Proceedings of tlic Zoological Society."

Dr. K. P. Ramsay, the fourth Curator, in addition to wi-iting
the most perfect life history of this species, was also the first to
make us acquainted with its eggs, and young and immature hi ids
in the " Pi'oceedings of the Zoological Society of London," in
1874-6. Read in conjunction with what has been put together
by Gould in his "Supplement" to the "Birds of Australia" in
1869 where Ca^nntn'tiH australis, is beautifully iigured from the
specimen sent by Mr. Scott to Dr. Sclater, little has subse-
quently been added to our store of knowledge.

Finally, Carron's "Narrative of Kennedy's Kxpedition,"
printed by Kemp & Fairfax, Lower George Street, Sydney, in
1849, within a year of Carron being placed, in an exhausted
state, on the "Ariel" and which left Weymouth Bay foi- Syd-
ney on Sunday, 31st December, 1848, but Kennedy's pa] ers,
after his death, were secreted by Jackey Jackey in a hollf)w
tree and were not recovered by the latter until the 11th or
12th May, 1849. Carron's pathetic story, has never had an
equal, in the annals of Australian exploration, for of the thirteen
persons who left Sydney on the 29th April, 1848, death at the
hands of the Care Yo'/k aboriginals, and disease, left only Car-
ron, Goddard and Jackey Jackey of the expedition to leturn
and tell the tale.

Nearly seven yeais ago^*^ when writing on Gilbert, with the
kind permission of the Rev. W. T. Carr-Smith, I had the
privilege of tiguiing the muiul tablet erected to his memory

3 Salvadori— Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., xx., 1S9I, p. 95.
1'^ North— Rec. Austr. Mus., vi., 1906, p. 128, pi. xwii.

48 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

b}' tlie colonists of New South Wales in the historic S. James
Church of England, Sydney, built in Governor Macquarie's
time in 1820. I am now able to supplement this throiigh the
courtesy of the present Rector, the Rev. W. F. Wentworth
Sheilds, M.A., with the tablet next to Gilbert's, erected by the
Executive ( rovernment to the memory of Kennedy, who was
killed by the natives, and those who perished on the same ex-
pedition. In contradistinction to the Gilbert memorial tablet
of which the tent, tree, and recumbent figure of Gilbert are in
fairly high relief, the figures in the Kennedy mural tablet are
in intaglio. It represents Kennedy, recently speared by the
natives, dying in the arms of the faithful Jackey Jackey, while
in the background are several hostile savages brandishing their
weapons.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

Australian Cassowary.

CaSI-AHIUS AUSTHALIS, \\'((1J.

Reproduced from the oi'io^inal photntjraph of the type
taken by the late Mi-. Heniy Barnes.

K'KC. AISTU. MI'S.. \'t)l-, X .

I'l.An \'

H. Barnes, pliuto.j
Austr. Mu«.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

Mural Tablet in S. James Church of England, Sydney,
erected by the Executive Government of New South
Wales in inemory of Edward Besley Court Kennedy
and his nine companions, who perished during the first
exploration of Cape York Peninsula, North Queens-
land.

/

\

(IV

THIS TABLET ^.^„__„MpNT
, VOTK oe TllK "'l;'*';^,^^ OF ThK ISHABrTANT< O

THIS TABI.FT_

,OlTH WAl.H^
OF THE f OI.O>>

-rSc^"-rK;Hi> .;.^-" or

Ksl \NT TO A
sriMONV OF THK

COMMKMO.'ATK.S Till A^.^ SIKVKVOK _.^,,.,...

BOMUNO BKS..KV COURT KKN N K^

FDMUNO BKSI.K'i ^"7„vpv of tmf uiver vktoiua

„.S CHOSKN HV T„H OOM^N>.K- .... , SS. r^^ ^ ^^^ .XEKT.ONS
WI.KRK ArrnR TM. ^'O-:;, ':;;:':^;,;,:; V J?,ES ^ r»>K COUNl«Y.

TO IHl. ^'•,^"„ T,„.; ,NTi:UK.STS OF HIMANITV

/v./////./;- I'HisciricM \ti:i.ioi< ronri.y^ sr.pi atih

THi; l-KKSONS WHO I'lMtlsHi:!) BV DISKASK "KKK

ill

THOMAS VVAM.

(.NATIKAI.IST

c. MBi.i: r

JAMKS I.UFT
E TAYLOR

nil-; si'RVivoiis ark

WILLIAM CARKON

(BOTANIST )

W. COSTIGAN
K.CARI'KNTKK
J. MITCHKLL
JDOIOLAS
DF.NIS DUNN

WILLLXM CiODDAKD

AM)

JACKKY JACKKY

AN AROKIGINAI. OF MKKTON DISTRICT

WHO WVS M'- KF.NNKI)>s >>C)I.K (OMCANION IN HIS (ONFLICT WITH TMi: SAVMiF'^
VM) IHOl CiH IIIMSi;i.F VNOlNl>KD

TKNi)i:!> HIS m:\dih Willi \ (orH\(.i-; and i)i:\(rru)N worthy of iumimiwvsi \

M IM'OHTIMi HIM IN HIS I. \ST MOMF.NTS.
AM) MVhING HIS (,HA\i: ON Till; SI'OT WHKHK H K FKl.l..

^•f

x\. J. Nf)KTH, y)lHit(».,

Austr. Mu«.

DESCRIPTION ANT) ANALYSIS OF TlIK
HI NT) A MKTKOIO'I'K.

By C. Anukksun, M.A., I). Sc. (Kdiii.), Mineialofi'ist, Austialiaii

Museum, and .l.C.H. MiX(iAYK, F.I.C., Anal^'st and Assayer

t(i the Depai'tment of Mines of New Soutli Wales.

(Plates x-xiii.)

llifh'iij.— This Aerolite fell, piohably, on tlie nij^lit of
Saturday, 25tli May, 1912. On tliat date a meteor was seen
passiiijo^ ovei- (Toulbuni and Ci'ookwell, ti-avelling' N.E. to S.W.
Obsei'vers report that tlie luminous plienomenon was accom-
panied by a loud Jioise, a Crookwell I'esident takinfi: it for the
s*)und of an aeroplane ovei'head. The meteorite was discovered
on oth June by Alick McCoimack on Mr. Fraser's property
foui' miles fi-om Binda (Lat. 34"' 18' S, Lono-. 149^' 25' F) ; it is
not absolutely certain tliat the stone found is actually that seen
in flight on 25tli May, but circumstantial evidence is strono-ly in
favour of tliis beintf tlie case. McC'orniack was entraged in
rabbit trajjpiny, ami noticed what he at first took for a newly
formed i-abbit bui-row ; on tracing the furrow to its tei-mination
lie found the meteorite partly embedded in the ground. We may
conclude, thei'efore, tliat the stone had fallen quite recently, a
conclusi(>n strengthened liy examination of the meteoi-ite itself,
which is in a |)ej'fectly fi-esh condition. The meteorite subse-
quently passed into the custody of ]\Irs. A. Gilmartin, proprie-
tress and editress of the "Argyle Liberal" newspajtei- at
Crookwell ; it was on exhibitioji for some time at the office of
that paper, and there, unfortunately, it was broken into two
pieces, one of which, weighing 51bs IS^o/s., was presented to
the Trustees b}' Mrs. (iilmai-tin, the other, weighing 41bs
6|ozs. being ])i'esented to the Technological Museum, Sydney,
by the tinder. Tlie meteorite is stated to have weighed 121bs
orio-inally, so tlijit aliout 21hs weight is unaccounted foi-.

For the ])ieceding details we are indebted to Mi', .lames
McCoi-mack, whose sf)n discovered the meteorite, to ('onstable
Donnelly, who made enquiries for us at Crookwell, and to Mrs.
Gilmartin, in whose paper, the "Argyle Liberal," of 14th
June, an account of the find was published.

50 RKCOHDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

FJujsical L'Jiaracters: — The j)oi'tion in the Australian Museum
collection is represented in Pis. x-xiii ; that in the Teclmologi-
ca! Museum, which was kindly lent to us by Mr. R. T. Baker,
Cui-ator, differs in no essential particular from the tirst.
Externally the stone is covered with a fused black cjust, wliich
shows' distinct lines of flow radiating fi'om the })oint marked
with a cross in Pis. x.-xi. Tliis was evidently tlie foi-wardly
directed surface of the stone durin^' its ttip-ht, or just prior
to its reacliing' the o'l'ound. Tlie crust is in two layers,
the upper, secondary ci'ust bi-illiant black and of varying
thickness ; it is marked by strialions due to flow, and by
anastomosing and dendritic I'idges of fused matter. 'Diis
outer skin can be peeled off, exposing the second lavei-, tlie
primary crust, which is dull black and not detachable from
the body of the nieteoi-ite. The portion of the front surface,
between A and B (PI. x.), is not smooth and rounded like the
remainder, but shows a number of " thumb marks," or
pie/oglyphs, and the deiidiitic ridges ai'e strongly marked in
tlie hollows; we may suppose that a fracture took place at
this part just before the stone came to rest, so that the rough-
nesses had not become smoothed oft' by atmospheric friction before
the flight came to an end. The two crusts are of no great
thickness on the front, the white felspar showing through in
places. The posterior surface of the meteorite (Pis. xii.-xiii.)
dift'ers considei'ably in appearance from the front. The u])per
shining crust is thicker but less regular, and is pitted with
numerous small, crater-like depressions, which represent burst
bubbles ; here and there a rounded unbroken bubble may be
seen. This appearance doubtless results from the spattering
which took place when the fused substance, flowing back-
wards, reached the cooler surface in the lee of the moving
body. Between C and D (PI. xii.) a considerable area of the
underlying primary crust is exposed, Avitli an island of the
secondary ci'ust a little above 1). In the top li-t't cornei' of
PI. xiii. is seen a sort of" cascade, t'oimt'd by the fused mattei-
pouring over the edge.

A fractured surface is in tlie mitin ash coloured, with white
patches of anortliite and black sliining specks of clnninite. The
pyroxene is light brown in coloui- ; before the blowpipe it is
practically infusible, but becomes distinctly magnetic, there-
fore, it is pj'obably hypersthene bordering on bron/ite. ^fetallic
specks are Few and inconspicuous. The texture is nu'<liuin
giained.

r.lM'A ,MKTKn|;ri'K__.ANI)Ki;S(i\ AM> MINdAYK

51

The twt) jiortioiis iiu'iisiu'e res|)ectively H^ inches X 7 inches
X 3 inches (fi'ont to back) and (J^ inches X 5^ inclies X 3
indies ('rcchnoloo'ical Miiseiuii portion).

The spccitic uraxitv is .S.25.

M iiTiisi-tijiii- ( 'liiirnch-rs. — The stone is rathei' t'l'iahU", and (lie
section prepared is nnduly tliick. Tlie only constituents
identifiable under the microscope are anoi'tliite, hypei'sthene,
clironiite and specks of nickel -iron. The sti-ucture is
holocrystalline ; thei'e is no sign of chondrules.

( 'licitili-dl r/iiii-iirtrrs. — Analysis yielded tlie following figures:

%

H„() (iirrc)

0.10

HIo (110^(J + )

nil.

>Si"0.,

50.50

A]., 6

8.84

Feb " ...

15.29

Fe

0.45

Fe S

.96

MnO

.51

Cv,0,

.75

CaO

6.15

MgO

16.15

BaO

absent

SrO

absent

Na, 0

0.28

Ka^O

0.18

NiO )

CoO )

absent

CuO

minute tiuce

V, (). ...

0.01

CO.

absent

P205

0.08

CI

absent

s 0„

absent

F

absent

c

0.07

100.22

52 KHCUUKS UK THK AUSTIIALIAN MUSEUM.

56.7860 ijrams of the finely cru.shed material passed throuofh
a fine sieve yielded .038-4 grams of metal, ^= .067%. A
qualitative examination of the metal showed it to consist of
metallic iron with a very small amount of nickel. No phos-
phorus was detected, but may be present, as the quantity of
metal treated was probably too small to permit of its
detection. The absence of uranium oxide and tin oxide was
proved. On treatment of the fine powder for one hour with a
boilino- solution of pure copper sulphate, .45% of iron was
dissolved, which would represent fine particles of the metal
which had passed through the sieve. The absence of oxidation
products proves that the meteorite is of recent fall.

The "norm " calculated from the percentage composition ou
the lines laid down by Fai'rington^ is as under : —

Orthoclase .. ... ... 0.56

Albite ... ... ... 2.62

Anorthite ... ... ... "22.52

Diopside ... ... 6.58

Hypersthene ... ... 64.76

Olivine ... ... ... 0.48

Chromite ... ... ... 1.12

Troilite ... ... ... 0.96

Nickel-ir(>n .. ... ... 0.45

100.05

This no doubt approximates pretty closely to the actual
mineral composition, which is relatively simple, hut some
i-e-adjustnient may be necessary between the felsf)ar and
pyroxene molecules.

!>ijstt'iinit'n- imsitltiii. — According to Farringtcm's classification
and nomenclature the Binda stone falls into Class IV. with the
Massing, Petersburg, Peramiho and Stannern Meteorites, and
would be described as dofemic, persilicic, ])erpolic, pei-pvi'ic,
permirlic, domiric, magnesiferrous. In i^i-ezina's cla.'^sifica-
tion- it takes its place in ttic Kuki'itc division of the
Achondrites.

' Farrington — Field. Mus. Publication 151, (jcol. Scr., ill., 9, 1911,

'-' Ward— Cat. W'aid-Coonlcy Coll. Alctcoritcs, Chic;igo, VM)A,
p. 97; Brc-/in:i — Proc. Amcr. I'hil. Soc, \liii., 1904, p. 233.

A CATALtXil'K AND HI HLK )(l KAiMl Y OF
Arsi'UAIJAN MKTKOIirrKS,

Willi rciisus Mild 'rnxdiiomv.

By C Anim:!;s()\, M.A., D.S •. (ImHh.), ATiiu'calou-ist.

1. — CalalooMie.

Ill 1897 Dr. T. C'ooksey, at that time Mineralogist to tlie
Australian Museum, ])ublislie(l a Catalog-ue and Biblioo-raphv.
of Australian Meteorites.^ Since tliat date the number
of meteorite falls recorded from Australia has doubled and the
literature has increased proportionately, therefore, the present
occasion has been utilised to bring tlie record up to date. The
general plan adopted by (Jooksey has been followed in this
revision, the chief departure being in the method of entering
the references to published pajiers, which are numbered con-
secutively and referi'ed to by number undei' each meteorite.
An attemi)t has been made to indicate where the main nuiss of
each fall is now deposited, but here great a-ccui-acy cannot be
claimed as changes take place from time to time. Those
who desire more detailed information regarding the distribu-
tion (if Australian Meteoi'ites in collections must consult the
various jmblished catalogues. -

^ Cookscy— Hcc. Austr. Mus., lii., lS97-;i, p. 51-62, 9(1, 13(»-1.

-' 1-lctchcr (Britisii Museum) — An Introduction to tlie Study of
.Meteorites. Brit. Alus. Guide, 1908.

Ivlcin (Berlin .Museum)— Sitz. AUad. Berlin, 1904, p. 114- 15;^.

Berwerth (Hofmuscum, Vienna) — Ann. k.k. Naturhist. HoI'mus.
Wien., xviii., 1903, p. 1-90.

Cohen ((jrcii's\\;ild) — Mitt, luiturw. \'cv. Ncuvorpommern u.
Hiigcn, \\\\i., 1904, p. i-34.

i-arrinj^ton (l-'ield Mus., Chicago) — l-ield Mus. Publication, 77,
Gcol. Scr. ii., 1903, p. 79-ll'4.

Ward (W'ard-Coonlcy, Rochester) — Catalogue, Chicago, 1904.

Tassin (U.S. .National Museum)— Rep. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1902,
pp. 671-698.

54 KECUi;i)S lU' TlIK AISTUAI.IAN MLSKUM.

AREL --= CRANBOURNK XO. 2, ,j.r.

ARLTrX(;A.
Tijpe — 8i(lerite.
ire/_7///— 401bs.
Ijiir. — Two miles south of ( toxeniiiieiit Cyaiiiili' Works,

Arltuu.o-a (Lat. 2:> 80'S. I.oiio-. 1;U"' 40'E, alx.iit), South

Austj'alia.
Fiiithr mill (Jafe — Dan IVdlei', ahout 190S.
Coll. — South Austi'aliaii Musruin, Adelaide.

2.v^— 82.

HAIJJNOO.

'I'llj'i' — Siderite. Finest octahedi'ite. OlT.

Liir. — Teji miles south of Hiilliiioo (I^at. '2'A oO'S, Loiio-. 116"
30'E), Muichisoii Kiver, Western Austialia.

F'niiJer mnl ifufi — (leoi'tje Denmack, 189"2.

r,>n. — -Ward-Coonlev, Hoeliestei-. U.S.A.

A''/'.— 10, p. 6;'5. 11, j.).. -i-il. -i-is. -I-i-l, IM. v., H<r. 44. 24, 26, p.
'^^n, 28, 1'. S5. 59, 87, 88, pp. xi- k HH.

BAKU AHA.

Ti/iif — Sidei'ite.
Weii/hf — ^Ahout 311)s.

Lnc— Near Bai-raha (Lat. 80 ^l'^, Lon^-. 150 HfJ'K), New
South Wales (exact locality unknown).

Fii/ilrr mill ihifi —

(.'<///. — Mininy and ( ieoloo-ica I .Museum, Svdnev : II. .M I'.'iter,
ToTriiiLt-ton, New South Wales: liofmuseuni. N'ienn:!,

/.^^^— 63.

lJAUK.\'l"r.\ NO. 1, or i)KNII>l(,»riN.

'I'lJl'i' — Aerolite. Biecciated u-rey ehondiitc, l'<ili (Hre/.ina);

black c]u)ndi'ite, ' '->■ (Klein) : intennediart> choiulrile, t'i

(Fan-iiifjton).
11' <'/;////— 1451 l)s.
•/.("•. — BaiTatta Station ( Lat. ;-55 5'S, Lontr. 141- ot!' l'! ). I hirl v-

live miles noi'th-west of Di-ni licpiin. New South Wales.
Fi'inirr mnl .l.il, — ^ . ; ! wyiie, 1S5l'.
('nil. — .\ustialian Museum, Sxdnev.
/•''/■•— la. 9, pp- -5-2, HOI, 11. PI,. i>-J(), 2-25, L>2il, -IWl, -j.-ic, 28,

IM>. SI, S5, n. xxxi., 33, p. -JCl, 35, pp. |.|.S-44J», 47, p.

1 l-"^. 49, 50, 55. PI'. •-'i^7--J17.88, pp. i.x., xi., ;i5, !M».

OATAIiltiilM': 111' Al'Sl'lIAI.I A\ M K I'ImiI; ll'KS --A N 1 1 K USd.V. 00

liAU'UA'I'TA NO. 2.
'/'///» — As No. 1.
ll\.;,//,/_;nibs.
Lnr. — Near No. 1.
Vlinh'r mill diiti' —

('(///. — Ansti-aliaii Miisfiiin, Svtlnev.
/>'';/. 54, 57, 70.

BAKU ATT A NO. 8.

Tiji>i' — As No. 1.

in-/;////— 481bs.

Lvc. — Near No. 1.

Finder uml ilnte —

('nil. — -.\ust I'aliaii Mnseuin. Svdiiev.

i.V/.— 54, 57, 70.

BARRATTA NO. 4.

Ti/jie — As No. 1.

Wi'ii/hf— 17 b\hs.

Lnr. — Near No. 1.

Cull. — Ward-Coonlev, Rocliester, U.S.A.

iiV/.— 88, pi>- 'Xm xi.*, 35, 99.

BEACONSFJKLI).

Tiijii' — Siderite. Bi'oad odaliedrite, O;/ (Brezina) ; bi'oadest

octahedrite, ( h/i/ (Klein).
IIV/;////— 75 kilos ('= 1651bs. av.)
Liir. — About two miles east of Beaconstield Station (Lat.

38°31'S, Loii^. 145°30'R), Co. Mornino-ton, Victoria.

Fiiiilcr mid date • Feltus.

Cull. — Krantz MineT-alieii-Coiitor, Bonn, ({ernianv.

l!>'f.—^^, V- --"■ 22, 23, W. 485, 48(>. 25, 28, !'. '^<;, 32. PI), 150-

151, 152, 88, p. 4, Bl. i., tier. 9.

BENDOCK.

Tinii- — Siderolite.

Wi'iijJit — Said to have weisjlicd 601bs orio-inally.

Lor. — Seven miles from Beiidock (Lat. 37" ll'S, Jjong. 148

58'E), Co. Croajino-olong-, Victoria.
Finder mid dale — About 1899.

CnlL —

A'ef.— 61, 62.

56 RECOKDS OF THK AUsTltAl.lAX .\1 i:SEL'.\I.

BINDA.

'Vill'i — Aeriilite. Achoiidrite (Knki-ite, En.)

W>'iilht-A-l\h^ av.

L("-.— Binda (Lat. 34' IS'S, Loiitr. 149" •25'E), near Crookwell,

. New South Wales.
FiiiJrr anil ihiff^ — Alick MeCorniack, June 5tli. 1912.
Cull. — Australian Museum, and Technological Museum,
Sydney.

BINGERA.

Ti/jip — Siderite. firanular Hexaliedi'ite, JIu.

Weujltt — 240.7 o-rams (= S^oz. ay.)

L(,^;_Bingera (Lat. 29° 4S'S, Long. 150" 33'E), Xe\v South

Wales.

F'iitiJ>'r inni ^hih lS80.

i'dU. — Mining and (Jeologieal Museum, Sydney; Hofmuseuni,

Vienna.
/.''/■. 6, ]>, 43, 9, VV- -35, 294-295, 305, 14, 16. 23, pi' -l->^^-

4S4, 51, 55, i«i>. 218-220. 83, VV- 5, 103.

BLT'l': 'PIKIL

Tijpo — Siderite. Medium (ictnlu'drite, (hn.

TlV/'/A/— 31hs.

i,,„..^Blue Tier (Lat. 41' O'S, l.nno-. 1 1.S O'K al),)at ), Co. Dorset,

noi'th-east coast of Tasmania.
Fiitder" iiikJ tlnto — Parfy of minei's, some years previous to 1S93.
i'itlJ. — Mrs. W. E. l^ettei'd. Launceston, Tasmania.

/>''/.— 9, I'. :^'^7, 64. I'. Ki. 68, 38. p. 5.
H()()(;.\iJ)i.

Tiifip — Sidt'i-ite. Fine octalicdritt', ( [i .

Wrii/Jif — 2057 grams f- 4^11) av.)

Luc. — T\V(i miles IVdii; Hdogaldi I'ns! ( )nii'c. lificen miles fi'om

(\.(.iial)iiial)ran (La(. 31 IS'S. Lnii-;-. U9''5'K), Ne\v

South Wales.
Fi'nih'r an, I ,hilr Could, .Ian. 1900.

I'till. Tfclinological Museum. Svdnrv.
iiV/-.— 3, 57. 88. !'. Kil.

UKl ('!•: CKANHorUXK M ). 1. q

11. f.

CATAI.iMiCK III' AISTIJAMAX MKTP:onrTKP AXnKRKON. 57

CADKLL.

Tiipe — Aerolite ?

ilV/r///^— 7[lbs.

/.-»•.*— Tliree niilfs Ironi Moi'iraii ( Lat. 34" S, Loiio-. 139''45'E),

ea.st side oP Kivcr Miii'iay. Hundred of Cadell, South

Australia.
Fi,nJ>'r ninl ,lnf,'—A\u-\\ 1 Itli, 1910.
I 'nil. — Soufli .Australian Museum, Adelaide.
lii'f. — Und('scril)ed.

C ASTRAY RIVER.

TiifK' — Siderile.
We I (J It t — 51 ^^y.
Lor. — Bank of the Castray River, tributary' of the Heazlewood

River, Xoi'th-West Tasmania.
Fiitder mill duff — ^A miner, 1899.
Vull. — Mrs. W. F. Petterd, Launceston, Tasmania.

/.v/-.— 65, 66, 68.

COWRA.

Tifpe — Siderite. Finest octahedrite, (_}f.

IFe/j//^^— 12|lbs.

IjOC. — Sanimit of Battery Mountain, Junction of Burrowa, and

Lachlan Rivers, near Cowra, (Lat. 33° 52'S, Long. 148*^

45'E;, New South Wales.
Flitih'r 'itiil ilntf — John O'Shauo'hnessy, before 1888.
Coll. — Mininy- and Geological Museum, Sj'dney ; Hofmuseuin,

Vienna.
7iW.— 9, I'l'. 235, 267, 306, 14, 16, 63, 88, i-p- -K 101, 89-

CRANBOURNE NO. 1, or BRUCE.

Ti/jie — Siderite. Broad octahedrite, ()</.

Tfe/(//(/— 3,500 kilos (--= 68.89cwt.)

Lor.— Cran bourne (Lat. 38° ll'S, Long. 145°20'R), Co. Morn-

ington, Victoria.
Fiii'hr mill iliih' — Known 1854.
Coll. — British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London.
7i''7'.— 4, 5, 9, pp. 273, 285, 302, 11, p. 244. 13, 21, })p. 144-

148, 28, p. 93, 32, p. 152, 33- pp. 552-55:;, 34, 35, p. 59-65,

37, 41-45. 46, p. 330, 78, 79, 80, 83, 85, 86, pp. 267, 268,

271, 272, 88, pp. 9, 102, PI. iii., Hg. 3, 92-

58 KECORI'S (1K THK AfSTRALlAX MI'SKTM.

CRAXBori^XE NO. 2, or AI5KL.

Type — As No. 1. .

Wpirihf—'SOcwt.

/,,„.;_Six miles iH.i-tli ,.f N(.. 1 (Lat, 3S S'S, l...n<r. 145° 22'E).

l'it((ler mill ihife — Known 1S54.

<'i>n. — National Mnscuin, ISTelhoui'iie.

/.''7'.— 34, 41-45, 86, W- -i'^^^. •-:71, -ll-l.

DANl)ENON(J — C'l'ani^oiii'ne (? No. 2)— See 42-

DENILIQUIN = BARRATTA NO. 1, q.r.

ELI ELWAH, ov HAY.

'I'llpe — Aei'olite.
U'V/;////"— 35^1bs.
Li>i\ — ^Eli Elwali Station, iifteen miles west of Hay (Lat. 84°

30'S, Long. 144'5(rE), New Soutli Wales.
FliKh'r iiinl ,l„f('—':' Known 1889 (9, p. 30(i).
('nil. — British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London.
/.''-;■.— 9, p. 308, 54. 57, 69.

KMMAVJLLE.

7'///)^ — Aei'olite.

Weiijitt - 127.15 iTi'ams (-— 4^ozs. av.)

7„„.._Near Lmmaville (Lat. '29'' 14'S, L(mor. 15L^45'E), New
South Wales.

Vniilrr .luil ,hth .Vhout 1900.

Coll.—

lit'f. — L iMlesci'ihed.

(iir.(;oiN NO. 1.

Tifpi' — Aei-olile. C'rvslalline cliondrite, Ck (Brezina) ; black

chondi'ite. ( 's ( Klein).
IIV/;//'/— •i7,',ll)s.
/,,„•.'— (I ilo-,, in Station (Lat. 3(r 35'S, Lonu'. M-7 12'l':i, foiiy

miles south-east ol Hrewarrina, New Siuitli Wales.
Finder mnl ,hilr — Ih^SS or 18S9.
iU>11. — Australian Mnseum, Svdnew
U'f. 28. p. 97. 47. p. 1 Ki. 54.' 57. 70. 72. 73. 88. W- 14. 10(1

CATALOiUK (iF AI^STKAMAN" METRORITKs — ANHKRSOX. 59

(ML(U)TN NO. 2.

Tiipi' — As No. 1.

Weight— 74\\hs.

Loc. — Two miles soutli of ( iiltroin, No. 1.

Coll. — Australian Museum, Sydney.

Ref.—bl, 72, 73.

GILGOIN NO. 3.

]]',■; <//,f — 55|lbs.

('nll\ — Ward-Coouley, Rochester, U.S.A.

GILGOIN NO. 4.

Wei,jht—37\hii.

Coll. — Ward-Coonley, Rochester, U.S.A.

GILGOIN NO. 5.
Coll. — Ward-Coonley, Rochester, U.S.A.

GILGOIN NO. 6.

n\^?V///(— 161bs.

Coll. — Mining aiid Geological Museuni, Sydney.

HADDON.

Type — Aerolite (?)

Loc. — Haddon, Greuville Co., Victoria.

Bef.—^5, p. 107-8.

Xiifi — A Meteor was seen and immediately afterwards an
eyewitness thought he saw something tall near him. Seyeral
pieces of melted matter of varying colour were found. Nothing
more is known of this supposed meteorite and there is no
reliable evidence that it was of meteoric nature.

HAMMERSLEY RANGE ^ ROEBOURNE, rpv.

HAY = ELI ELWAH, q.c.

HAY, or PEVENSEY.

Tiijie — Aerolite.

Weiyht—mha.

Lvc. — Pevensey Station, Old Man Plain, ten miles below Hay,
(Lat. 34" 30'S, Long. 144° 56'E), in a paddock fifteen miles
south of the Murrvimbidgee River, New South Wales.

60 RECOKHS (IK THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Fiv<h'r iiinl 'life — lbi6S-lS70.

('(»//. ■ GofltreA'. Melhoui'iie.

Bef.—21, p. 130. ■

Note. — It is unfortuiiate that two meteorites (wliicli may,
however, be parts of one and the same mass) have i)eeii ret'eri-ed
to by the same name. ]'erhaps the second Hay wouhi be
preferal)ly called Pevensey.

HERMITAdK PLAINS.

7'//y/r — Aei'olite.

Wriijlit — -About 701bs. originally.

Lite. — Hermitaoce Plains, twenty miles south-east of Canbelefjo

(Lat. 31"28'S, Lon,<,^ 14G"41'E about).
Flinlvr ,1,1.1 ,/.(^e— 1909. '
''-)//. — Miuino- and (leoloo-ical Museum, Svdnev.

KULNJXE.

7'///"' — vSidei'olite (?J.

TI>;,/A/_1221bs.

/-"'-•. — Kulnine Run, Victoria, neai- Wentworth (Lat. 34° 8'S,

Long. 141" 5fi'E), New South Wales.
Viiifh')- 1(11(1 diitc — Known 1886 ; first seen by .1. Ti. 'rhoni]ison.
Coll. — South Australian Museum, Adelaide.
I\i'f. — Un described.

LAKE GILES = MOLNT DOOLINC^, .j.r.

LANGWARRIN.

Tiiyii' — Siderite.

I r> (■;//// — 17|cwt.

Lor. — Lan,2f wan-ill (Lat. 38 lO'S, Loiiu-. 145 lO'E). Go. Morn-

insxton, Victoi-ia.
l';„.l,'rini,l,lot. — .\. 11. PinHcy, 1886.
i'iiU. — National ^Musciini, Melbourne.
I>'''f.—21, p. 130, 86, I'p- -<''^< -71, -7:.'.

Xdtr. — Pei'haps a part of the Granboiirne fall.
LKKKOV.
'I'.l/"' — Sidei'ite.
Weight — 3.328 "rrains.
L<»-.— Lefroy (Lat. 41 9'S. Long. 14»; oS'E), Go. Dorset,

twenty-seven mih's iinrlh-west of Jiauiiceston. Tasmania.
Finder iDiil 'III!,' — .\ prospector, li'Ok
(_'iill. — Mj-s. \V. 1'". Pctlcrd. LauiiccsliHi, Tasmania.
Ref.—%1. (a) pp. 7.^-7!>, (bj jip. S(;-S7. 68.

CATALoi.CK. or AISl'KAl.l.W .MKTKuniTKS ANhKKSoN. 61

LK (lOUJ.I).

Tj<ii\ — Two (lavs mai't'li hcvoiid tlie Isaacs Hiver, llie first bi'anoh

of tlu' Marl\(.Mi/.i(' |{i\oi', Queciislaii(i.
/A/.— 48.

Xiifr. — An at-rolitt', ten indies in diaint'tcr, wdicli liad sti'uck
and liroken a treo, was found.

MACCa'ARJE HJVKK.

Tiipe — Siderolitc. ]\lesosidente, M.

Weiy/it—

Lof.^Macquaiie Kiver (Lat. 31' 30'S, houg. 152" 56'E), New

South Waleb.
Finder mid ddte — 1857.

CoU. — Ward-Coon lev, l{(!cliester, U.S.A. ; Berlin Musenm.
lief.—M, p. 126, 88,"!'. .-31.

MOLUXG.

I'lipe — Siderolite. Pallasite.

Weiijlit — Main mass 2041hs. and fragments weighing 281bs.

Loc. — E. Farrell's Selection, Portion 218, Pa. Moloug, Co.

Ashburidiam, New South Wales.
Finder and date — John Williams, August 1912.
CoU. — Mining and Geological Museum, Sydney.
Bef. — Uiidescribed.

MOONBI.

Tijpe — Siderite. Fine octahedrite, Of.
Wei<jhf~-2Q\h%.

Jjuc. — Moonbi Range, eighteen miles from Moonbi (Lat. 31°9'S,
Long. 151'' I'E), New South Wales.

Finder and date Langston, 1892.

CoU. — Technological Museum, Svdney.

i?e/.— 9, pp. 235, 268, 272, 307, 14, 16, 60, 88, p. 101.

MOORANOPPIN.

Tiipe — Siderite. Broadest octahedrite, (Jijij (Brezina, Klein) ;

broad octahedi'ite, Oij (Pai-rington).
Wei>jht—-l\\hii.
Loc. — Mooranop])in, fifty miles west of Coolgardie (Lat. 32° O'S,

Long. 119°25'E), Western Australia.
Finder and date — An aboriginal, in or before 1893.
CoU. — Ward-Coonley, Rochester, U.S.A.
Iief.~^{i, p. 63, 11, p. 245, 28, p. 108, 59. 87, 88, I'p. 17, 102.

62 KECORDS OF THTi: AT'STRALIAN MFSEUM.

MOUNT BROWNE.

Tiipe — Aerolite. vS])lierulitic clionrlrite, Cc.

Lnr .'^Moant Browne (Lat. 29" 45'S, Lonfj. 141°4(S'E), Co.

Evelyn, New South Wale.s.
FhnJt'r ,iml ,h,te—\Y . Jordan; fell July 17, 1902.
Coll . — Mining' ami Geolotjical Museum, Sydney.
7iV/.— 11, p. 238, 17, p. 218, 18, 88, pp. 55! 99, 90.

MOUNT DOOLING, or LAKE GILES.

Type — Siderite.

Weight —

Loc. — Mt. Doolinor, north Yilparn, Western .\ustralia.

Fiinler ninJ rhite — 1910.

('(ill. — Geoloofical Survey Museum, Perth, Western Australia.

Ii\f.—ll.

MOUNT DYRRING.

Ti/pe — Siderolite. Pallasite-Krasnojarsk o-roup, P/r.

Wei'jilt — 251 bs. (in fragments).

/,,„..' — Mount Dyrring (32" 30'S. 151" lO'E), eight miles north

of Bridgman, Singleton District, New South Wales.
FimJcr iiiiil iliitr — An aboriginal, in 1903.
Co//. — Miniiig and Geological Museum, Sydney,
/.v/.— 11, p. 223, 17, p. 218, 63, 88, pp. 31, 101.

MOUNT STIRLING.

T^ipc — Siderite. Inroad oetahedrito. (hj.

nV/,//;/_200ilbs.

Ia,i\ — Twenty-tive miles south-east of Mount Stirling (Lat. 31*^

58'S, Long. 117" 55'E), one hundred and thirty miles east

of Pertli, Western Austi-alia.
Fi tiller mill ilnte — Known 1892.
Coll. — Australian Museum. Svdne\ .
/,V|._27, pp. 58. 131. 88. I'p- !"■ i'^-- '''• '- ^'r^- ''•

rATAt,n(,rK dl' AISTKALIAN M KlKdl! ll'KS AMiKKSOX. C}'.^

MUNGINDl NOS. 1 mid 2.

Tifpe — Sidovitc. Finest octaliedritc, (Ifj (Riozina, Klein) ;

fine octaliodrite, (Jf (Farrijifjton).
Wrnjhf—^o. 1, 511bs. ;■ X... 2, H21bs.
L'f. — South Queenshnid, three miles ndrtli df Mun«jin(ti (Lai.

29°0'S, Long. 14-9^ O'F), New Si. nth Wales.
FiiiiliT itiiil iJtiff — Louis Ti-outnian, eaily in 1S97.
I 'nil. — Minino- and (ieolop-ical Museum, S\(lnt'v,
/.Vr'.— 10, p. 63, 11, pp. 22(5, 242, 15. pp. 121-122. 16, 28, p.

109, I'l. xxxviii., 87, 88, pp. l-^. K'l, IM. ii.. tiir. 11.

MURNPEOWIE.

Tii}if — Siderite.

Tl>;;/A/_2.5201bs.

//"'■. — Beltana Pastoral C'o.'s Mui-npeowie Run (Lat. 29° 35'S,

Long-. 139^54.'E about), Soutli Australia.
FiinJer.-: ami i/nte — A. Hambliii and others, Aug. 1909.
Coll. — .Scliool of Mines and Industries Museum, Adelaide.
Eef.—3B. 81. 82.

XARRABURRA.

Type — Siderite. Finest octahedrite, Of.

Loc— Narrabuj-ra or Yeo Yeo Creek, twelve miles east of

Temora (Lat. 34^ lO'S, Long. U7°43'K), New South

Wales.

Finder tuul <late O'Brien, 1855. ^

Coll. — Australian Museum, Sydney.
iiV/.— 12, 58, 71, 88, pp. 18, 102.

NOCOLECHE.

Tiipe — Siderite. Medium octahedi-ite, (hn.

Wn-.jhf—U.lSlhs.

Lor. — Five miles south-west of Nocoleche Station, near

Wanaaring (Lat. 29= 35'S, Long. U^"" lO'K), forty miles

noi-th-west of Bourke, New Soutli Wales.
Fiinler mill dnfe — Known 1895.
Coll. — Australian Museum, Svdnev ; Ward-Coonlev, Rochester,

U.S.A.
7iV/.— 11, pp. 241-. 27, 88, pp. 19, 102, PI. iii., tig. 5.

64 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRAMAX .'.rrsKI'M.

NULP]RI.

Tifpe — Siderite. Octahedrite.

Weiijht — 120.2 fjrams (= 4.24 oz. av.)

/.("•. — Two liniidred miles east of Mount Sir Saninel. Xnleri

Laud Disti-ict, Western Australia.
Finder anil ihttf — A prospector, in oi- befoi-e 1902.
I 'oil. — Geoloo-ical Survey Museum, Perth, Westeini Australia.
h'ef.—n, 75.

PENKARRIXG ROCK =- YOCNDEGIN NO. 1., >pr.
PEVENSEY = HAY, q.v.

PREMIER DOWNS (Two).

Tifpe—

Weight —

Jjor. — Premier Downs, Xullarboi' 1 Mains, Eucla Division.

Western Australia.
FiurJer a»,i .7-^^^—1911.

Coll. — Geological Survey Museum, Perth, Western Australia.
Bef.—Tl.

QUEENSLAND.

Ttjpe — Siderite. Bi'oad octahedrite, Uij.
Weight —

Loc. — South Queensland (exact locality unknown).
Finder nnd date —

CoU. — Queensland Museum, Brisbane-^ ; Ward-Goonlev, Roches-
ter, U.S.A.
7.V/.— 88, pp. 20, 102.

RHINE VILLA.

Tijpe — Siderite. Medium octahedrite, ^)nl. (Brezina) ; broad
octahedrite, ^7. (Klein).

lUe/f/Ai— 7{lbs.

Loc. — Rhine Villa, Hundred of Ancas, about titty miles north-
east of Adelaide, South Australia.

Finder and date — H. W. Payne, before Nov., 1900.

C'nlJ. — South Australian Musciim, .\delMide: main mass was
sent to Germany,

n-f. 38, 39, 88- pp. 21, 102.

•' Dr. R. Hamlyn-Harris, Director of tlic Quccnsl:iiui .Muscinn.
informs mc (Oct. "-'4, 191 L') that there is no such meteorite in the
Pucciislanci .Museum at the present time.

CATAI.(i(;i-K (IK Al'SrUAl.lAX M Kl'K(il;ri'KS — A NUKliSi iN. 65

ROEBOURNK, ..r HAMMERSl.KY KANdK.

Ti/pe — Sidei'ite. Medium ot'talu'dritc, (hii.

\Vei,jhf— 191 \\hs.

Loc. — Two huiidivd miles soutli-eaKt of Koebouriie (Lat. 22'

20'S, Long-. 118° O'K), and ei^lit miles from the Ham-

mersley Haiiufe, Western Australia.
Fin<ler iin,r<liift'--li. Kefjiimld Hester, 1892.
Co//. — Ward - Coonley, Rochester, U.S.A. : Field Museum.

Chicaofo.
AVr'.— 6, p. 43, 7, 10, p. <:3, 11, pp. 221, 248, 59, 87, 88. w. 21,

102, PI. iii., H<r. 4.

TEMORA.

Ti/]ie — iSiderite. Broadest octahedi'ite, '>;/;/.

Weiijhf —

L(»-.— Between Temora (Lat. 34' 12'S, Louy. 147° 26'K) and

Cootamundra, New Soutli Wales.

Finders ttiid ihite Party of miners, 1890.

I'ull. — Mining and (xeolofrical Museum, Sydney; Hofmuseum.

Vienna ; Ward-Coonley, Rochester, U.S.A.
AV./'.— 9. pp. 235, 288. 302, 14, 16-

THUNDA.

Ti/pe — Siderite. Medium octaliedrite, ()iii.

HV/(////— 1371bs.

/.<-•.— Thunda, Windorah (Lat. 25° 25'S, Long. 142° 40'E),

Diamantina I)isti-ict, Queensland.
< 'nil . — A. Liversidge.
ii'e/'.— 6, i)p. 40, 43, 8, p. 7, 9. pp. -'72, 283, 300, 11, pp. 226,

243, 26, pp. 381-382, 52, 53. 54, 55, p. 221, 88, pp. 25, 102,

PI. iii., fig. 9.

WARBRKCCAN.

Tijpe — Aerolite.

Weight — 61,223 grams (three pieces).

Lr«-."_-Windorah (Lat. 25° 25'S, Long. 142° 40'E). Diamantina
District, Queensland.

Finder niid ddte

r,,//. — British Museum (Nat. Hist.j, London.
AV'/'.— 31, [>. 104.

6()

UKCdKhS (iK TIIK AlsrHALIAN MlsKl'M.

YAHDKA.

Ti/j't' tSiderite. ^Slediiiui ncraliedrirt'. (hu.

ll"r/;/AA— 7lbs 8;(,zs.

Liir. — Four mill's soiitli of Vaidi'M Station (Lat. 82" "iO'S, Loner.

I'M) O'K), (lawler HaH<ie, South Australia.
Fiiiilcr 'iiii! iliitr — .lames Martlew, November, 1875.
{'nil. — Soutli Australian Museuiii, Adelaide.
7i'W'.— 9, p. 804, 19, pp. S2-SH, 20, 88, p. -*s.

Y0UNl)K(4IN X(). 1, or PKXKAHHTXG ROCK.

'I'lfl'i — Siderite. Inroad oetahedrite, (hj.

W'l-iijl/t — Four rrao-meiits weiijliiiie respectively 25|lbs., •J41bs.,

17:, lbs., 61bs., and bi-c^keii pieces weio-liinw 171bs.
Liir. — 'I'lii-ee-ipiarters of a mile nortli-west of Penkari'ino-

Kock (Lat. :-!l 8()'S, Lonu'. 117^ 80'F), Sub-district

Youndeu'in. aiiout scvt'ntv miles east of York, Western

Australia.
Fiiiilrr mill iliiti- — Alfred i^aton, June 5. 1SS4.
f 'nil, — British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London : National ^Ltseum.

Melb(uiT'ne.
l!<'l.—%. p. S. 9, pp. •28."'). •2S(!-2S7, 28S. H. pp. 2-27, 244. 29. 30.

32, 40. 59. 88. pp. xi.. 2S. I(r2.

YOl'NDKCIN NO. 2.

Til III'— ki^ No. 1.

U\'M////— 382Albs.

Lnr. — Youndejifin, Western .\uslriilia.

b'i iiilvr mill ihitc — Louis Knoop, I S}l 1 .

('nil. — .1. U. (ireo-oi'v, London: Wai'd - ( "o..nlev, H.udiester,

U.S.A.
U'f. — 28, p. 1211, IM. xwvii., 40.

YOINDKCIN NO. 8.

'/'///«' — As No. 1.

]rv/;//,/_2()41.1l)s.

Lnr. — -Youndeu'in, Western Australia.

/•'mm/,-,- ,om/ ,/.//-•— Louis Kn-.op, l,s92.

( 'nil .- 1 lormust'uin. \' icnna.

/.''•/■.— 2.

CATALiKUK u|' AISI'KAI.IAN M KlKni; 1 I'KS ANKLItSdN. ()7

1 1. — nil)lio<,Ta|tli\ .

All tlie |)a])ers descriptiv c <»F Austiaiiaii Muteocites vvliicli
have come iiiulei' my notice are liei-e collected and Hi-raii<i-ed
alpliabeticallv under autlioi-s' names. It is hoped that no
important fet'erence has been omitted, hut no douht some have
been ovei'looked, and I sh.ill he ^'I'atcl iil il snch omissions ai'e
pointed out to me. I have indexed Ufc/.ina's list ol the
Meteorites in the 1 lol'nmscuin, N'ienna,^ and Ward's list of the
Wai'd-Coonlev Collection in Kochestev' rathei' fully, as these
are the most compi'ehensive lists in (Jermaii and I'hiylish
respectively, ami contain much descri()t.ive and systematic
information. Where a meteorite fall consists of two oi' more
portions, found, may be, at different times, as in the case of
the Bai-ratta and ToundetJfin Meteoi'ites, one cannot always he
cei'tain which particular portion is dealt with in a L:'iven paper,
but this is a point of no y'reat ini]iortaiice.

It was oriirinally intended to include in the Hiblioyraphy
references to the enigmatical Obsidianites or Austi'alites whicdi
are reijai'ded hv many aiithorites as beino' of meteoric (U'i<)fin,
but Ml-. Iv .1. Dunn, Director of the (leolotjical Survev of
^'ictol■ia, has recently published an exhaustive jtajiej- on these,
with a Bibliog-raphy,'' which has i-endered this unnecessai-y.

AxhKKsox (C.) ami Mixcayk (.I.C.H.)

1. Description and Analvsis of the Binda Meteoi'ite.

These records, p.

Anox.

la. [Barratta]. XKfiirc, iv., 1871, p. 212.

2. [Youndegin, No. H]. Il>!.l., xlvii., 1S9.S, p. 4.(i;)-4-70.

Bakkh (R.T.)

8. A New Meteoi'ite from New Soutli Wales. Jidii-h. Jim/. ,S'f»c.
K. S. Wdlr^, xxxiv., 1900, ]). 81-88.

■* Brezina — Ann. k.k. .\aturhist. HoFmiis. W'ien., \., 1895, p. 231-
370.

» Ward— Cat. Ward-Coonlcy Coll. of Meteorites (Chicago, 1904).
•* Dunn — Bull. Gcol. Surv. \'iet., 27, 1912.

68 KKfdRliS (IF THK AI'Sl'ttAM A\ MI'SKTM.

Bki;tiiki,iit (M.)

4. Nonvelles C"i)iiti'il)utit>iis A I'liistdire dii C'ai'boii. Cnnip.

li'rinl., Ixxiii., 1S71. p. W-k

5. Xoiivelles ( "(Hit iil)iiti()iis m I'liistdU'e des Carlxms, dii

Graphite et des Meteoi'ites. Aim. ( 'hi mir i-t J'/i i/siijiit',
XXX., 1878, p. 420.

Bki!\vki;th (K.) Mild Tammann ((t.)

6. rbei" die Natiirliche mid kiiiist liclii' lii'aiid/.oiie der

Meteoreisen, iind das ^'e^llaltell der " Neumanu'.selieii
Liiiieii " ill erliitzteii Kamacit. ,S'/7-. /■./,■. Al.<til.
H7.--.s-. ir/o.., fxx., abt. 1, 1911. ].. .Sl-47.

Bkaixs (R.)

7. The Mineral Kingdom (trans. L. .1. Spencer), PI. xxxi., tijj.

1. (Stutt.fjart, 19()8).

JiUKZlNA (A.)

8. I'eher nenere Meteorile. I'rrli. ijrs. ilmfs. Xnturt'ir-o-h.

A>'i-h' \iiruh,'ni, lS<):i pp. 10.

9. Die Meteoi-iti'iisainniluiiu' des k.k. Nat iirliislorisches

Hofniusemns Wicii am 1 .Mai IS})."). Ami. I:.J:.
yotin-lnst. Unfiling. 11 /r/,, X., 1895, p. 2;U-370.

10. Xeue Beobaehtunp-eii an Meteoriten. Vrrli. h.l,-. (li-nl.

/i\'/V/,.s-,ry/.s/., 1S98, p. (rZ-i^H.

11. The Ai'i-aiifrenient of Collections of .Mcteoi'ites. J'lm-.

Anirr. I'/iil. Snr., xHii., 19(M.. p. 211-247.

12. rbei' dodekaedrischc Laniellen in ( )ctaedriten. Sih.

/,-./,-. J/,rn/. Il/v.s-. Wli'H, cxiii., ai)t. 1, I9(i4, p. 577-583.

BiciiNKi; (().)

I'A. Die .Meteoriten in Saninilun^-eii. ilire ( iestdiiclite,
niineralo<^ische und cheniisclic l?es(dialTenheil, j). 198
(Leipzitj, IS(i.S).

Caki. (G. W.)

14. On the ( )cciiri-eiice and ( Massilicat ion of some New South
Wales Meteorites. /,'.,■. i;,nl. Siirr. .V. N. If. (/.■>•, v.,
1897, p., 49-5:^.

CATAI.iidfK iiK AI'sTi; Al.l \\ M KIKni; ll'KS -A \ HKK'SuN. (il)

15. Miiu'ral-.trica! mikI P.'t i ..Inwicii I Notes, X<i. (i. //,/</.. n.

121-12:-;.

1(>. I [aiulbook to t lit' M iiiiiiL;' a ml ( i t'liluM-icji I M usciim, Sviliicv,
p. 1(51-162 (Svihu'v, i;»l)2j

17. Miiiei'alogical Notes, No. S. /,'rr. (,',■,,/. Sun-. \. S.

]V<tlrs, vii., 1903, [). 211 --IVJ.

18. A New South Wales Meteoi-ite. .V'*////r, Kvii.. llto:), p.

845.

Ci.oi'h (T. C.)

19. A ("ataloyiie of South Australian .Minerals. Trnm:. lun/.

Snr. S. A/istniliii. vi., lss-2-8 (lSS3), p. 72-98.
20 [Tardea], /.'r/-/. An.fr. J.-n,-. J./r. Sri., i;., 1890, p. 225-
22G.

CiUtKN (K.) ami Wciiisc'henk (K.)

21. Meteoreisen-Stuilien. Aim. L'.li. Xntnrlii^t. Unfimc:. ll'/'f//,

vi., 1891, p. 181-165.

Cohen (E.)

22. Ein neiies Meteoreisen von Beacousticld, C.ilonie Victoria,

Australien. Slfz. k. prent^x. Akml. Wis.^. 7i.',7/y/,lS97, p.
1085-10(;0.

23. Meteoi-eisen-Studien ix. ^\ini. i:.l,-. Xittiii-lii.-<l . Jlufnni:.

ir/r//, xiii., 1898, p. 473-486.

24. Ein neues Meteore'sen von Ballinoo nin Murelii ;< iitluss,
Australien. Slh. I:. in-rn-<.-<. Alnul. ll'/v.--. Hrrln,, 1898,

p. 19.

25. Nachtrao' zur BoseliiX'ibuno-des Meteoreisens von Beacons-

field. Ihi,]., p. 306-307^

26. Meteoreisen-Studien xi. Aim. I.-.I,-. Xaturhi^t. lltifiniix.

TlVn/, XV., 1900, p. 851-891.

CJooKSKV (T.)

27. The Nocoleclie Meteorite with C.italoofne and Bihlio-

<ji-aphv of Australian Meteoi-ites. An^fr. Mn.-;. Iltr..^ iii.,
1897-9, p. 51-62, 90, 180-181.

KAi!ia\i;To.\ ((). V.)

28. Cataloo-ue of the Collection of Meteorites, May 1, 1903.

Fli'li) i'nhmihi.m Mn^. I'lih. 177, (ie<l. .SV-y.,' ii., 1903,
p. 79-124.

70 liKCORKS ((F THK ATS I'HA MAX MUSEUM.

Fletcheh (L.)

29. On a Meteoric li-oii found in 1884 in the Sub-district of

Youndefifin in Western Australia and containing
Cliftonite, a cubic form of (li>a])hitic Cai'bou. Mi,i.
Minj., vii., 1887, ]K 121-130.

30. On tbe Cliftonite and Tssnite of the Meteoric Iron found

in 1884 in the Sub-district of Youndeg'in, Western
Australia. Ihhl., xii., 1899, p. 171-174.

31. An Inti'oduction to the Study of Meteorites. /.'/•//. Mas.

(.\-At. Ih'sf.) Cu.lr, 1908.

32. On the possible Existence of a Nickel-iron Constituent

(Ve^ ^i-i) ii' both the Meteoric Iron fif Youndep-in and
the Meteoric Stone of Zoniba. .V/;/. .1/'"/.. xv., 1908,
p. 147-152.

Fi.i.iHr i\V.)

33. A Cha])ter in the History of Meteorites, (leal. Miiif.,

(2), ii., 1875, pp. 264, 552-553.

34. Heport of the Examination m| the ^feteorites of Cran-

bourne in Australia, of linwtoii in Shj-o])s1iire, and of
Middlesborouii'h in Voikshii'C. /';"-■. /i'"//. Nnc., xxxiii.,
1882, p. 343-347 ; /'A//. 7'/•r^/^s•., clxxiil.. 1882 (1883), p.
885-899

35. Sunph^ment to a Cha])ter in the History of Meteorites.

I'irnl. M,ni. (2), i\., 18S2, p. 107-108, 44S-449; lhi,l.. \..
1SS3, p. 59-65.

(}. B.

3G. Meleoritenfnnd in M urnpcoxyii", Siid-Au.straiien. I'muic-
Hh'>,>^, xxii., li»l(). p. l(), KiO.

(!ii;i;oNs (S.)

37. Note on tiu' Cian houinc Meteorite. I'l'iiis. Jynij. Sn,-.

l/V/., X., lS7f. p. 130-131.

CnYhKi; ((i. .\.)

38. [IHline N'illa j. .1 ,>u . h'r/.l . Srhn.^l nf Miurs ,nnl hnh. N.

Anstr., 1900 (1901), p. 227-22S.

39. A South .Australian Mcti'oritc. 'I'niini. llnij. Sar. S.

J//.S//-.. xxy.. l!H)l, p. 11..

CA lAKDClK 111' Alsl'l; AMAN M K IKn|; IIKS AMiKHSON. (i

(;kk.;.ii;v (.1. K.)

40. A hti'^r Melt'iiritf from Wesfei'ii Au,sti'!ili;(. Xnfure,

xlvii.. IS!):^, p. 'JO-'J-l.

ilAIIM\..Ki; (W.)

41. Zwt'i Mcti'diTist'iiiiiMssi'ii ill dfi' Xiilie von Mell)()uni(( in

Aiistralicii ;i iif^-i'l'mnk'n. Sifr.. I,.l,\ .\l,'<"/. 11 />••-. 11"'//,

xliii., fil)t. 12, L^(il, p. 5,s3-5S4.
4i!. |)i(' I )aii(l('n(>iiL;- Meteoreiseiiniasse in Melhoiiiiie. lli'nL.

xliv.. al)t. -J, ISBI, p. 81.
48. Die zwei Cranlidui'iu' Meteoreisenbhk'ke in Victoria.

//-/•'/., p. 878-880.

44. Die I'ii'sten Proheii des Metet)reisens von Cranbourne in

Aiistralien. ////'/., p. 4H5-472.

45. Das Meteoreisen von Cranbourne in k.k. liofinineralien

Cabinet, etc. Ih'nl., x!v., abt. "J, I8ti2, p. 05-74.

Hal'suoi'Ki; (K.)

4f). Mineraloffisclie Xotizen. .huii-ii. iintli. ('In'iin'p, cvii.,
1869, p. 328-381.

Kleix (C.)

47. Die Meteoritensammlung der konigl. Friedrich-Willielms

Univei'sitat zu Berlin am 21 Janiiar 1904. ISifz. J:,
in-en^s. AkinL Wi^s. lUn-liu, 1904, p. 114-158.

Le Goueh (L.)

48. Discovery of an Aerolite and visit to a Petrified Forest

in Northern Queensland. (U'ul. Mm/., i., 1864, p. 142-
143.

LiVEKSllKiE (A.)

49. The Denilicjuin or Barratta Meteorite. 'I'miix. Umj. Sm-.

S. N. ir-'Z-'-s 1872 (1878), p. 97-103.

50. The Deniliquin oi' Barratta Meteorite (second notice).

.Iuin-i>. llxij. Snr. X. S. ir-'/r.v, xvi., 1882 (1883), p. 81-

51. On the Bingera Meteorite, NeAv South "Wales. ////'/., p.

85-87.

52. Metallic Meteorite, Queenshind. Il>i<l., xx., 1886 (1887),

p. 73.

53. [Thunda]. Ihnl., xxii., 1888 (1889), ]>. 841.

72 RKCOKIiS OF THE Al'STKAFJAX MT'SKUM.

5-i. Australian Meteorites. /I'ryi-/. Anstr. J. •->■'»•., I <//•. ,SV/., ii..
1^^90, p. 887-38!<.

55. The Minerals of New Soiitli Wales (London 1888).

56. Meteoric Dusts. .Iniim. A'-^/. Snr. S. S. Wuh'^', xxxvi.,

1902, p. 24-1-255.

57. The Booofaldi, Baj-ratta, Xos. 2 and 3, Gilsfoin, Xos. 1

and 2, and Kli I'^lwah or Hav Meteorites, New South
Wales, //,/r/., p. 841-359.

58. The Xai-rahuii'a Meteorite. ////'/., xxxviii., 1903, p. 234-

242.

Maitlaxp (A. (j.)

59. The Mineral Wealth of Western Australia. JlnJl. (jfol.

Shit. IT. .\n.<fr., 4, 1900, p. 96-97.

MlXiiAYK (J. C. H.)

60. Xotes and Analysis of a Metallic Meteorite from Moonbi,

near Tamworth, New South Wale.s. Jmini. Ixiiif. Sue.
X. S. ll''//e.>', xxvii., 1893, p. 82-83 ; .1//;,. /.'.-y;/. 7'ry-/.
Milieu X. S. Wnle'^, 1892 (1893), p. 58 (anal.).

61. [Meteoric Iron, Victorian border]. .1///^ liP/it. ]>epf.

Mines X. S. ]!'-//«>■, 1898 (1899), p. 21.

62. Notes on Composition of Meteoric Ij'on from Bendock,

Victoria, h'rpt. An.-^tr. J.s-.sor. A'Ir. No'., ix., 1902 (1903),
p. 162-164.

63. Notes on and Analysis of the Mount Dyrriug, Barraba, and

Cowra Metet)rites. li'ec. (jeul. Snrr. X. S. \V(des, vii.,
1904, p. 305-311.
See Andkusox (C.)

Pkttekp (W. F.)

64. Catalo<^ue of ^Minerals known to occur in Tasmania, with

Notes on theii' Distribution. i'/'"<-. Uni/. Sue. Tus., 1893
(1894), ]i. 1-72 : also sepai'atc copies (Hobart, 1893).

65. A Tasmanian .Meteorite. Anxfr. Mini in/ Shunliiril, xx.,

1901, J). 185.
C^C). ()n a ]\leteoi'ite from the CastraA^ Kiver. J'nif. Unij. Sac.

'/'./>., 1900-1901 (1902), p. 48-49; L'rj.f. Sr,-,/.' Mines

V'/s., 1909-1901 (1901), p. 353-355.
67. Notes on some .Vddilional Minerals recent l\ detei'inined,

with New Localities foi- Species known to occur in

Tasmania. (a) I'm,-. /.'„//. N,,,-. V-/-.. 1903-1905 (1906),

p. 75-82; (b) h'rp/. Srr,i. Min.'s Y'-rv., 1904 (1905), p.

83-90.

OATAMiiiTK 111' AISIRALIAN M K I'Ki ilJl I'KS - ANHKUSiiN. 7'^

68. Catalo^-iie of the Mincials of 'rasiiuinin, p. 9S (Hobart,
UtlO) ; also /'/•'„•. /,',,(/. N'"-- '/'r'.-., lido, p. 9S.

|{rssKi,i. (H. C.)

BP. [Eli Khvah]. .h»,n>. U<hj. Sn-. .V. N. Wxhs, xxii., 1 !^«8
(ks89), [K lU].

70. [Barratta and (Jil^n)iii]. ////'/., xxiii., 1S89, jk l-t')-47.

71. [NarrahuiTa]. ////-/., .vxiv., 1K9(), p. Hl-M-2.

72. Oil ^leteorite No. 'i from (iil^-.iin Slatioii. Hn'il., xxvii.,

1893, p. ;-;6i-:^6i^.

7'A' On a J^Ieteorite from (Jiiifoin Station. Xufnrc, xlix.,

1894, p. H-J5.

SiMi'sox (E. S.j

74. Xote on a Meteorite from the Nnleri disti-irt of Westei'u

Australia. Ilnll. Crul. S»rr. W. A»^lr., No. 26, 1907,
p. •24-26.

75. Miscellaiieons Mineral Notes. Aim. Vriuj. Urpf. (jpnl.

Sun-. W. .l/^^■//•., 1906 (1907), p. 28.

76. [Report bv]. ////-/., 1909 (1910), p. 9.

77. [Repoi-t by]. Ihi,]., 1911 (1912), p. 10.

Smii'H (.1. L.)

78. Reseai'ches on the Solid Carbon Compounds in Meteorites.

Ainer. .hnini. Sri. (;-^j xi., 1876, p. 388-395, 433-442.

79. On the Composititjn of tlie New Meteoric jSIinerai

Daubi't'elite, and its frequent if not univei-sal occurrence
ill ^leteorites. Lhlil., (3), xvi., 1878, p. 272.

80. On the Peculiar Concretions occurring in Meteoric Irons.

Ihid., (3), XXV., 1883, p. 417-423.

Smith (L. L.)

81. The Murupeowie ]\leteorite. Ann. Ixejit. Si'lnm! af Minex

and bid. S. Ait.^fr., 1909 (1910), p. 67-68 ; ll.id., 1911
(1912), tig-d. oj)p. p. 58.

82. All Australian Meteorite. Ainer. Jmini. Sn'. (4), xxx.,

1910, ]). 2<)4-266.

Smvtu (H. B.)

83. The Gold Fields and Mineral Districts of Victoria, p.

423-426 (Melbourne, 1869).

74 RECORriS OF THE Al'STRAI.lAX MISKIM.

Tam.ma.vx (It.) — >See Bki:\vei;tii (F).
Ui.Hirn (G. H. F.)

84. Mineral .Species of Victorin. Iiiti'nnit. I'J.r/iili. /'y'ys.^//.*,

1866-1867 (1867), No. :^. pp. :y2 (])p. 184--235 of Official
Record).

Waiiswoiitii (.M. K.)

85. The Craiiboiii'iie Meteorite. Srimrr, Apiil lotli, 1883,

p. •2S5--286.

Wai.cott (K. H.)
H6. Additions and Corrections to tin; Census t>f Victorian
Mineials. I'm,-, limi. S«r. Virf. (N.8.), xiii., 1900
(1901), ]). ■J5a--27-i.

Wahp (11. A.)

87. Foui' new Australian ileteorites. Atin'r. Jnunt. ,Sf!. (4),

v., 1898, J). l:-;5-140.

88. Catalogue of the Ward-Cooidev Collection of Meteorites

(Chicago, 1904).

Weixschkxk (E.) — .See Cohex (K.)
Wll.KIXSoX (C. S.)

89. [Cowra]. .hun-^. h'uif. Snr. X. S. ]V"h'^\ xxii., 1888 (1889),

p. 841.

White (H. T.)

90. Notes and Analysis of the Blount Bi-oAvne ^leteorite.

IiVr. (Jrnl. ,Sarr.' X. ,S. Wale.^, vii., 1904, p. 81:2-314.

91. [Hermitage Plains (anal.)]. .1/^//. lu^fit. Dept. Mines:

X. s. n;(U'.<, 1910 (i9ii), p. i88.

Z I M .\| K K .M A X N ( K . )

92. [Cranbourne]. A'r/zo' ,/"A///. .1////., Istil, p. 557.

Ill — Census and Taxononn* of Australian Meteorites.
Dr. Cooksev in his list enuniei'ated twenty-three falls, in-
cludini: the doul)tful lladdon and irckoninLr the scvci'mI por-
tions reasonably believed to i)clonLr to one and the same
meteorite as a single fall. We have now a grand total of forty-
six known meteorites contributed by Australia, a striking
advance in fifteen years. If, as Berwerth says," the civilisation
of a country can be gauged in a measure by the number of

' Berwerth— Tschcrm. min. petr. Mitt., xxii., 1903. p. HM.

OATAMniTK iH' A I'STI.'AIJ A \ M KTK( U! ITKS — AN h K IJSdN. 75

meteorites recorded from it, tlieii A\istralia is advancing hy
leaps ami boniids ; moreovei-, it is cei'taiii that many meleoi'ites
yet wait to be discovered in some of the s])arsely settled i-e^nons
of Australia, where the dryness of tlie climate would make
their disinteo-ration a very slow process.

Following Brezina's CMassitication^ Australian Meteorites
■would be distributed as f(dlows : —

A. Siderites.

1. Finest octaliedrite, Off :- -Ballinoo, Cowra, Munoindi,

Narraburra.

2. Fine octaliedrite, Of: — Boogaldi, Moonbi.

3. Medium octahedi-ite, Om : — Blue Tier, Noeoleche, Rhine

Villa, Roebourne, Thunda, Tardea.

4. Bi'oad octahedrite, Og : — Beaconstield, Cranbourne, Mount

Stirling, Queensland, Youndegin.

5. Broadest octahedrite, Ogg : — Mooranoppin, Temora.

6. (\'tahedrite (unclassed) : — Barraba, Nuleri.

7. Granulai- liexahedrite. Ha : — Bingera.

8. Siderite (unclassed) : — Arltunga, Castray River, Lang-

warrin, [probably = Cranl)ourne], Lefi'oy, ^lurnj^eowie,
Blount Dooling.

B. Siderolites.

1. Mesosiderite, M: — Macquarie River.

■2. Pallasite: — -Molong, Mount Dyrring.

3. Siderolite (unclassed) : — ^Bendock.

4. Siderolite (F) : — Kulnine.

C. Aerolites.

1. Acliondrite,

(a) Eukrite, Ku : — Binda.

2. Chondrites.

(a) Brecciated grey cliondi'ite, Cgb : — Barratta.

(b) Splierulitic cliondrite, Co : — Mount Browne.

(c) Crystalline chondrite, Ck : — (lilgoin.

3. I'nclassed : — Cadell, Eli Elwah, Emmaville, ?Iay, Hermi-

tage Plains, Le Gould, Warbreecan.

4. Doubtful : — Haddon.

D. Unclassed Meteorite.
Premier Downs.

^ Ward— Cat. Ward-Coonley Coll. of .Meteorites, p. 97-1U3,
(Chicago 1904),

7()

iiK rilK Arsl'lIAMAN MfSKr.M.

Disti-ibiititif^ the tails at'conlino- to the States
followiiier Tabular Statement: —

we yet the

\. S. Wales
19.

Queenshind

S. Australii

\V. Australia

Tasmania

'\

S/DKKfTF.S

I'.arraha

MinKera

Boonaldi

Cowra

Aloonhi

N'arraburra

Nocoleche

Temora

s//>j-:a'-
oi./TJ-:s

Macciuarie K.
.Molonj;
Mt. I)\irinu

AEROLITES

Barratta

Bin da

Kli Klwah

Hmni;iville

Cliljjoin

Hay

Hermitajie

Plains
Mt. Browne

LWCLASSED

8

3

8

(

1

Beaconsfield
Cranboiirne
Lan«warrin

Bendock
(?) Kuinine

(Haddon)

S

2

1

(

i

Muntiindi

Queensland

Thunda

Le Oould
W'arbreccan

(

S

•I

(

J

Arltunjla
Murnpeovvie
Whine Villa
Yardea

4

Cadell

\

1

1

Ballinoo

.Mdoranoppin

AU. DoolioK

Ml. Stirling

Nulori

Riiohourne

Voundefiin

Premier
Downs

\

7

1

f

Blue Tier
Castrav K.
Lefroy

S

1

5

VL

!

Ill (•(iiK'lusioii, 1 liave pleasure in Mckiiowledtrni','- my iii-
(lehtednoss to ilessi's. W. K. Hiowue. H.Sc. Demoiistiator in
Geolotry, the rniversit y, Sydney, (i. \V. Card, A.K.S.^Sf.,
Curator of llie .\finiiiu- and ( Jeolo<ric;il Museum, Sydney, A.
Gibb iraitiand, ( ioveinnu'iit (Jeolotrist. West .Vustralia. I{. 11.
Walcot, Miiieralofrist, National Museum, Mclliounie. H. 11.
Woodwai'd, Dii'eotor of the West eiii .\us1ralian .Museum, for eor-
dial assistance in coiniii llnu' the infoiiuat ion contained in this
paper.

K\Pl.ANATIt)X OK PLATK X.

Biiula Meteorite.

The plioto<i:ra])li shows the front of tlie meteorite, the
wliite cross iiulicatiiior the point from which the lines
of crustal flow radiate. The area between A and B
shows the " tertiary " ci'iist, formed just befoi-e the
stone reached the ground. The rest of the surface is
invested with secondary crust. About three-tiftlis
natural size.

IJKC. ArSTH. MI'S.. VOL. X

Pl.ATK X.

-jftaiaMaKrw-

H. Bauxks, .liJNi;., photo.
Austr. Mus.

EXP[;ANATI()N (iK PI.ATK XI.

Binda Metecirite.

Front showing' tlie ridges of tlie secoiidaiy crust radiating
from the spot marked with a ci-oss. About natural
size.

ALSTH. ML;<., VUL. X

J^I.ATK XI,

H. Bakxks, .Ilni;., plioto.,
Aiistr. Mus.

KXPI. A NATION ()K I'LATE Ml.

Hiuda Meteorite.

Rear surl'Hce sliowiii<j tlie irregular blebby secojidary
crust oil the right : between C and D on the left
there is an exposure of tlie pi-iniary crust. About
two-thiids natural size.

REC. AUSTK. MLS.. VOL. X.

Plate Xll.

H. Bakxes, Junk., photo.,
Aiistr. Mus.

KXPI,ANATl<i\ OK I'LATK XIll.

Hiiida Meteorite.

Renv surface, covered witli irreyular vesicles ami i)li'hs of
secoiulaiy crust. In tlie top left comer is an over-
liausjiuoc ridpfe where tlie fused crust has cascaded over
from the front of the meteoi'ite. .\l)out natural
size.

REC. AUSTH. MIS.. Vol,. X.

Pl,ATK XIII,

H. Baknes, Juxn., photo.,
Austr. Mus.

THK MYlilAPODA IN THE AUSTKALIAN MUSKUM.

I'iut ii.— DIPIi()lM)nA.*

Hy 11. \V. Bi;()i,i;.\iA.NX, Pan.

(I^lates xiv-xviii., and Fi<^-s. 11-157.)

CHiiidiiNATHA, Latreille, 1802.

Opistiiandria, Verhoeff, 1894.

<ie7iii>< Cyliosoma, PoeocJ), 1895.

(Pocock, 1895, Ann. Mag-. Nat. Hist. (6), xvi., p. 414.)

Thi.s ofeniis was created by K. 1. Pocock with the New
Zealand S/tlni'roflien'niii Kiujahtfiiin, Butler, 1878, as type
species.

From liis above mentioned work the following' particulars
may be gathered : —

1. "Male cop ulatory organs : — Tlie movable digit of botli

VOL. X.

ERRATUM.

Page 124, line 14.

For figures 29-44— read 39-44.

])osition of tlie dorsal spine seems to vary and the distance be-
tween it and the claw is a question of more or less.

Yet the matter is far from being exiiausted with these rough
notes ; further, valuable pai'ticulars may be obtained by
compai'ing the head of CijIloxiDita with that oF Siilni'rnjhi'ii.x. In
failure of material, the excellent drawings published by vom
Rath^ and by Verhoeff- will answer the purpose, and the
i-eader will kindly refer to same to fully appreciated the
following differences : —

* For Part i. see these " Records," ix., 1.

' vom Rath — Beitraj^e zur Kcnntnis der Chilognathen, Bonn, 1886,

fi^s. 13, 14, 27, 32.

- Verhoeff — Die Diplopodcn Deutschlands, Leipzig}, 2/3 Liefer.,
1911/12, figs. 142, 178.

TllK MVUIAI'ODA L\ TllK AUSTIiALIAN MUSEUM.
Part ii.— DIPLOPODA.*

Hv II. NV. Bi;(")i. K.MANX, Pan.

(Plates .\iv-.\viii., and Figs. 14-37.)

C'himkinatua, Latreille, 1802.

OpisTHANDRiA, Vei'hoeff, 1894.

Ueniis Cyliosoma, l'ucitcl\ 1895.

(Pocock, 1895, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xvi., p. 414.)

This genus was ci-eated by R. 1. Pocock with the New
Zealand Splin'rutlu'ri nm innjiibit/i ni, Butler, 1878, as type
species.

P^rom his above mentioned work the following particulars
may be gathered : —

1. "Male copulatory (U'gans : — The movable digit of both
pairs of copulatory forceps are composed of a single segment.

2. "Female vulva as in Zeiiliruiiiu '' (i.e.: 'composed of
two pieces, a proximal hairy piece bearing the aperture, and
a distal usually polished piece'), but the proxiinal plate
divided into two distinct pieces, whereof the external partially
overlaps the internal.

8. " Tarsi as in Zejihnnn'a'' (i.e. : ' distally narrowed, claw
terminal, the upper spine close to but behind the claw.' ")

The characters numbered one and two rank, of course,
amongst the very best. As to the structure of the tarsi, it is
not possible so far to allow it the same imj)ortance as the
position of the dorsal spine seems to vary and the distance be-
tween it and the claw is a question of more or less.

Yet the matter is far from being exhausted with these rough
notes ; further, valuable particulars may be obtained by
comparing the head of (JijlioHO»ia with that of iSii/ucropd'/i.'t. ]n
failure of material, the excellent drawings published by vom
Rathi and by Verhoeff- will answer the purpose, and the
reader will kindly refer to same to fully appreciated the
following" differences : —

* For Part i. see these "Records," ix., 1.

1 vom Rath— Beitrage zur Kenntnis derChilognatlicn, Bonn, 1886,
figs. 13, 14, 27, 32.

- Verhoeff — Die Diplopodcn Deutschlands, Leipzig, 2/3 Liefer.,
1911/12, figs. 142, 178.

78

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

the

Fig. 14.— Cv''""''""' (/«c<'«,v/i7«i//«-.— Skeleton of
head (antemiie and mouth parts removed), in
profile, showing the "Mulo-occipital bridiie " (B)
and the position of the first tergite (Ti).

Measured on the level of the eyes, the head is still broader
than in Sj^hif.rojMx'its though almost as short. The upper lip

is less produced.
The anteniial fossa,
instead of extending
backwards and be-
ing closed in front
as shown by Ver-
loefE (/.(■., PI. ix.,
tig. 14-2), is open
frontwards and
downwards and
closed backwards by
a strong, perpendic-
ular, rouiuled ridge
on which stand the
isolated ocelli (tig.
14). The lateral
surface behind the
ridge is feebly depressed. The back part of the head is
completely and evenly i-ounded, smooth and densely clothed with
short hairs. A deep sulcus is to be seen laterally siniilai' lo
that illustrated by Verhoeff, accompanied by a more oi' less
distinct horizontal ridge beginning at a point near and below
tlie inferior ocellus and dying (Hit before reaching the posterior
sui'face of the head. The processes which start from the
posterior margin of the head are well developed and are fnsed
with the hypostoma into a bridge (Verhoeif's " jioiin ijnln-
occipitulis''). But the distal part of the bridge, equivalent to
the hypostoma, instead of being in a line with the processes,
is placed nearly at right angle so as to be almost horizontal.

Epipharynx and hypopharynx very much resemble the same
organs of SpJuvropivns. IMie same might be said of the man-
dible except that the pectinate lamellas are represented by
oidy five rows of minute rods or spines, the two inner rows
being composed of smaller ami less numerous elements than
the three outer rows. For instance, it is possible to distinguish
fourteen rods in the first (outer) row, fourteen in the second,
ten in the third and six in each of the fourth and fifth row,
and besides some (five) pah- warts whicli have prdlmlily to be
considered as rudimciitaiN- i-(i(|s. The tracheal st;ilk of the

rilK MVKIAI'OI'A IN I'lIK M'SI'i; A 1,1 A\ MfSKl'M l!H()l, K.MANN. 79

maiulibiila is I'oiisidoi'ably expiiiided, laiiiellai' at its distal cud;
the pi'oxiinal end is lused with tlie basal riiififof tlie luaiidibula.

Tlie g-uath(H-hilai-iiiiii, compai-ed with that of >S'y///(/'/■Ny/rl•/^^• as
I'epreseiited bv voni Rath, is shorter; the proximal part
(laniellooardiiies) is bi'oader as the outer inar^iiis are almost
parallel and do not converj^e backwards. Tlie mentum is
distiiu'tly divided into two sclerites.

The above mentioned features are not all of equal value,
but some of them, such as, namely, the structure of tlie liead,
are undeniably of first rate impoitance and are well suited to
cliaracterize a distinct family.

Tlie limits ot this new grouj) cannot at present be better
delineated, as very little is known of these interesting forms.
However, it could be ascertained that Sphn'nifliL'ri iim I iJn' ill mix inn
Sauss. and Zehnt., from Madagascar^ the type of wliicii is
preserved at tlie Paris Museum, participate of the structure of
I'ljlloifoiini as far as the liead, the gnathochilarium and the
traclieal stalk of the niandibula are concerned. Therefore, it is
likelv that the Australian and the South Afi'ican (including
Madagascar) species will liave to stand togetlier in one family —
Spha?rotheriid{e — equivalent to the ohl (Brandt's) genus
Sji/iii'i-nflifri inn, wliile the Indian forms of iSp/niTdjiiriis, and
probablv of Arfln-nsjilnrrd and of Zepliroiiiit, will have to be set
apart in another family, equivalent to the old (Bi-andt's) genus
SjiJitrrnjiii'iis^ for wliicli the name Sphseropceidfe is proposed.

Turningto the genus L'iili(is(iiin(, the following details observed
on both species hereafter described are well wortli nientioning-
and may be characteristic foi- that genus.

Antennae veiy short, not much longer than the first tergite ;
tlie sixth joint is neai-Iy cylindrical, similar in both sexes ; the
last joint is tipjied with four strong sensory cones. In S.
lihidiuosuiii, the antennas are elongate, nearly twice as long as
the first tergite ; the sixth joint is slightly swollen distally ;
the last joint shows many chitinized, contiguous cells closed with
a membrane, in the middle of wliich stand a tiny comb.

3 Whether S. Ubidinosmn, S. and Z., is a good representative of

the j<enus SpliccrotJieriuiih is not known.

80 RECORDS OF THK AUSTKALIAX MUSEUM.

The male seminal duct opens in the posterior surface of the
second pair of coxae, into wliicli a larg-e round aperture is cut
open. The aperture is tilled with a bead-like orsfan which is
the distal end of the seminal duct. When not entireh' con-
tracted, it shows, near it's top mar^-in, a transverse openinof
sunk between two membranaceous, lip-shaped pads. The rest
of the oro-a-n is protected by two chitinous plates of nearly
equal development which leaves between them a narrow mem-
bi'anaceous band ; their inner angle is rounded or cut off, and
their outer margins are folded back on the antei-ior surface of
the bead. S. JiJiid'nni^niii shows only one plate covering all the
proximal part of the bead, with concave anterior margin ; the
plate is therefore much broader than long.

The representatives of the genus ( 'iilidsouni are confined to
the Australian continent and to the adjoining' southern archi-
pelagos. In tliis genus have been listed: — Sphii'i-otheiriim
(iiiffuliituiH, Butler, 1878 (Rockhampton) ; Zeplironin (lehicjii,
White, 1859 (New Zealand); SyluvroHierlnni Jeinsomuiii, Hutton
(NewZealand) ; Cyliosdiini xcuiKt^ Silvestri, 1898 (Queensland) ;
CyHoi^imia sfrinhifim/, Pocock, 1895 (New Zealand) ; ('ijHiixinit'i
titrijlniiii, Silvesti'i, 1898 ((Queensland); (' ifl insnunt iiuiiuilnr,
Silvestri, 1897 (Queensland).

CyI,I(IS(iMA grKKXSI.AXIM.K, >7». //"/•.

(Plate xiv., tigs. 1-4, tigs. 14 and 15; with Figs. 1(;--J1.)

J : length about 22. m ni. ; breadth 10.50 to 11. ni ni.

5 : length about 2S. ni ni. ; iu'eadtli 14 to 15 ni ni.

Colour a unifoi'ni dark rcddisli oi' olivaceous bidwn, some-
times clearing up towards the anterior inaigin ol' 1 lie segments.
Integuments smooth, shining.

Up])er lip densely and finely pnnctui-ed; ivst oi' the head
showing i-are and small dimples — or coarse punctures — provi-
ded at the bottom with a tiny biistle. Postei'ioi- margin
depressed in the middle. I'lves composed of about tliii-ty-si.K
lai'gei- and smallei' ocelli, of which two stand apai't l)eliind the
antenna on the ridge which closes theantennal fossa backwards.
.\iitcinne \-erv short, tapering: the sixth joint cylindrical: the

TIIK M VK'IAI'MhA IN I'lIK A IsTl; A I.I A X Ml'SKILM KKcM.K M ANN. SI

litst ti|i|UMl with four stMisoiT cones. Mieroiiieti'ical nieasui'e-
lueiits of the joints : — 1st joint, 0.544 ni/ni ; 2nd, 0.H20 ni/ni ;
3rd, 0.820 ni/m ; 4t.h, 0.288 ni, ni ; 5tli, 0.288 m/in ; (Uli, 0.544
ni/m; 7tli and 8tli, 0.096 ni/m ; total len<rth, 2.400 ni/m.
Diameter of first joint, 0.672 m/ni ; of si.xtli joint, 0.576 ni/ni.

First terg'ite not wider tlian the liead ; anterior niarfjiii
slifrlitly convex in the middle, otherwise straiglifc ; posterior
margin evenly rounded. Its lengtli equals 1.376 m/m ; its
breadth 3.776 m/m.

Lateral keels of tlie second tergite rounded witli upraised,
yet flattened centime and thickened, pad-like margins ; the slope
between tlie upraised centre and the mai'ginal pad is flat, not
grooved ; a roAV of fleecy hair is seen inside the marginal pad.
Keels of the tliird tei'gite narrow, augulai'. On the foni'th
segment, the keels are almost triangular, but gradually become
more quadrangular backwards, the antei'ior angle being always
completely rounded, while the posterioi grows more or less acute.
Occupying the anterior half of the keels a triangular, flattened
field is to be seen, the surface of which is clothed with tiny
golden setae and appears finely punctured. Last tergite some-
wliat gibbous in the middle; the space between the summit
and the posterior margin is scarcely noticeably flattened on
each side of the middle line, the two surfaces meeting mesially
without forming any distinct carina. The posterior margin
shows traces of a delicate pre-marginal sulcus.

From the fourth segment backwards, the inner surface of the
keels is pi'ovided with a sti'ong horizontal ridge which stands
below and near the insertion line. of the pleural membrane. It
is thus disposed that, in the contracted state of the body, the
posterior end of a ridge comes in contact with the anterior end
of the ridge of the next segment so as to form an uninterrupted
projecting line upon which the lateral and part of the anterior
mai-gin of the second segment is pressed tight. On the last
segment, the ridge sets forth converging with the hind margin
of the tergite, but dies out before reaching it, thus leaving free
the middle part of the inner surface.

Sterna of the first pair angularly pi'oduced and hairy ;
following sterna ]'ounded ; tracheal stigmata everywhere
strongly chitinized.

82 KECORDS OF TUE AUSTRALIAN MrsEUM.

Last joint of the ambulatory legu longer than the third,
flattened, smooth, widely punctured. Dorsal spine standing
apart from the claw ; missing on the two anteiior legs. The
two ventral ridges normalh' fnrnislied each with a I'ow of five
spines, except on the first, the second and the twenty-first
where one or two of the proximal spines might be missing in
the postei'ior I'ow. Claw more or less sickle-sha])ed, with a
basal tooth.

Male: — Last tergite with a transvei'se depression above the
posterior margin. A finely and densely punctured space is
seen connecting the summit of tlie tergite with tlie middle of
the posterior margin ; the jiuiictures bear each a very short
hair.

The posterior surface of the coxfe of the second ])aii' slmw
the opening of the seminal duct in the shape of a bead-like
organ closing a large circular aperture cut into the surface of
the coxa. The surface of each bead is pi-otected l)y two
chitinous plates which do not join on the middle line, and of
which the outer mai'gins are folded back on the opposite side
of the bead.

Copulatory organs : — First pair A'ery hair}-. Basal joint
broad, sub-quadrangular ; its thinner sui'face is flattened and
is but slightly produced into a thick and short, rounded cone.
Second joint seemingly triangular ; its inner margin shortei-
than the outer margin ; its distal angle I'ounded, hollowed in-
ternally and furnished with small and sharp warts along
its inner edge. Third joint partly engaged in the secimd,
reduced, rounded, showing on its posterior sui'face, o])|)osite
the warted edge of the preceding joint, a chitinized ridge like-
wise provided with sharp warts.

Second pair three-jointed, shortly pih)se. Anterior median
horns hooked, gradually tapei'ing from the base, apex split into
two tiny rods. Posterioi- median processes conic, as long as
the anterior horns. Second joint produced internally into a
moderately long but stout and blunt jn-ocess, the so-i-alled
immovable digit, the ])osterior-up])er ed<j:t' of which is furnished
with small rounded warts. 'JMiird joint, or movable digit,
slightly arched, Avith rounded ajiex ; its inner surface is deej)ly
excavated ; its j)ostei"ior edge bears a row lA' short transvei'se,
concentrically wrinkled ridges which nnni' in contact with the

THK M Vi;i.\l'ii|i.\ IN TlIK A I sTKA I.I.W MCSKU.M IIUOI.KMANN.

83

WMi'ts (if tilt' jiiH'ciMlniijf joint wlu'ii the lOrceps are closod ; of
tlu'se oi'^-ans the foi'iiici (the niw of fid^'i's) is ti'i'iiied llic
"harp," ami the hitter (tlie wart.s) is termed the " bow," as it^
is admitted that they act as musical apparatus.

Fig. \5.—Cy/!oso»ia guee»s!aiidi(F.—Co-KX of 2d p;^ir of ?, showing vulvre.

v = ventral plate: ts = tracheal stalk-
Female org'ans composed of three plates of which two are
proximal, and one distal ; the latter pointed. Of the two
proximal plates the outer is larger than the inner ; its inner
margin is sinuate ; its upper margin is rounded and partly
overlaps the proximal margin of the distal plate.

The female is provided with an anal steruite, an organ which
is not found developed in Glomeridae. It is as long as wide at
its base, in shape of a pointed arch (or ogive) and hairy along
its distal end.

Lor. — Four males and three females from Gayndah, Queens-
land.

The above described species could have been identified with
('. targioin'i, Silv., from Cairns, had not the author verified the
existence on the last tergite of a very faint carina with a de-
pression on each side, nor described"and represented the process
of the second joint of copulatory organs as comparatively long

84

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN .MT-sErM.

and acute.* As moreover no mention is made of the punctured
band on the last tergite of male, it is to be admitted that
C. (jneeushmdiie stands by itself as a distinct species.

Fi>;. 17.

It is also closely allied to ('. iniicnlniir, Silv., from Gayndah.5
Yet it differs in having the proximal joint of the first pair of
copulatory oi-gans notched in fi-ont, causing the inner process
to be more distinct, longer and more slendei' tlian in ' '. //"''''"•--
ItDidif ; moreover, the two following joint-s stand endwise, the
distal appearing to be entirely free.

* The following is a copy of Silvcstri's description of Cyliosonia
targionii (Bull. Soc. Entom. Ital., x.xix., 1897, p. 228) :—

2 Color nijier, ventre pedibusqLie fusco-terreis. Caput sparse et urosse punctatuin.
circa labrum dense punctatum. Antennae perbreves, articiilo sexto cylinclrico.
ceteris ma>;is attenuate et lonjiiore. Somita : tergitum primimi latum, breve.
TerMita coetera omnia laevijlata. TerSitum ultimuni meilium posticc vi\ vix
carinatum, utrimciue depressum. Vulva (tiji. 16) articulo superbo triannulari apice
acuto externe aliquantum reverso. cf foemina minor. lerKito ultimo postiee dis-
tincte carinato et utrinque depresso. Ornanum coinilativum : par anticuni (tin. 17)
articulo secundo permaHno et valde latoapice internoaliciuantum pi'oducto. forcipe
parvo dinitus lon^itudine subaetjualibus. par posticum iHk. 17' forcipis digito immo-
bili, mobili, valde breviore. trianuuliformi acuto. digiti mobili percrasso. Lonn.
Corp. mm. ? 38, J 27: lat. corp. mm. ¥ 17, cT I'i. Hali. Cairns, Queensland."

Silvcstri's description of C. iiiiicolor {]lcv. Zooi. .Miis. Di-csdcii,
vi., 9, 1896/97, p. US), reads thus :—

"Color plus minusve brunneo-viridescens totus. Caput laevij;atimi punctis valde
" sparsis et sat niaMnis impressuni, vertice profundc exc.uato. Antennae attenuatae
"articulo ti" lonj;iore, septimo minimo. Ternita: primum laevinatum; secundmn
" lateribus normaliter latis ; tergita coetera t)mnia lae\iKata, Kranulis \el pimclis
"destituta. Pedes pilis brevibus vestiti, Lu'ticulo ultimo infra spinis (i-7, unKue
"iipicali sat brevi, multum uncinate ? V'ul\a ^t^H■ 19) articulorimi basalimn externo
"maiore, articulo superoapice acimiinato. cT Foemina minor. Ornanum copulati\ um :
" par anticum (H(4. 20) forcipis diKitis perbrevibus. mobilituberculato ; par posticum
"(tin- 21) ditJito immobili mobili fere duplo breviore, trianKuliformi, dinito mobili
"crasso, spatulato, apice rotundato Lonj;. corp, ? mm, 3,S, cf mm. 29: lat. Corp.
" ? mm. 16. S mm, 13, Hab. Nova Hollandia : Gayndah *

THK MVKIAl'iihA IN THK Al'STIJA M AN MrsKi:M lUicM.EM A NN. H5

N(i iiKire can tlu' (iayiulali spt'ciiiiciis bu icleiitititMl witli ' '.
,ni,iHh,linii, liiitlci-, lS7S,<i as the latter is said lo liavc flio
anterior portions of dorsal segments densely eovei'ed wit li coarse
but very shallow punctures.

Cyi-losoMA I'KNKITIIKNSIS, xji. inir.

(Plate xiv., Hgs. 5-7, tio-. -J-J ; with Figs. 28-25.)

J : length about 8S. ni/m ; bi'eadth 12.50 ni/m.

$ : length from 21. to 83. m/m ; breadtli from 11 to 17
ni/m.

Olive chestnut, darkened along the posterior margin of the
segments ; darker in females which are of a muddy brown.

Head twice as broad as long ,• anterior margin almost
straight, feebly notched in the middle and with a small, blunt
tooth. Surface smooth, between the eyes with rare, coarse
punctures, rugose along the upper lip ; each puncture furnished
with setse. Antennal fossa open in front and below, closed
above and behind by a strong ridge. Eyes composed of about
thirty-two larger and smaller ocelli congregated on a rounded
field; besides an isolated ocellus is seen standing somewhat
apart, near and below the Tomosvary organ which is dot-like.
Antennfe very short, scarcely longer than the first tergite in
the middle, "tapering endwards ; sixth joint sub-cylindrical,
more slender than any of the preceding joints ; last joint
tipped with four sensory cones. Micrometrical measurements
of the joints : 1st, 0-430 m/m ; 2nd, 0-473 m/m ; 3rd, 0387
m/m ; 4th, O'SOl m/m ; 5th, 0-473 m/m ; 6th, 0-774 m/m ;
7th and 8th, 0-086 m/m ; total length 2-924 m/m. Diameter
of first joint, 0-397 m/m ; of 6th joint, 0-279 m/m.

First tergite not quite as broad as the head ; length 2.236
m/m, breadth 5.504 m/m. Anterior margin feebly sinuate ;
posterior margin rounded, the curve being more flattened in
the middle than on each side.

Integuments of the following segments leathery, more dis-
tinctly so on the keels than dorsal ly ; keels of the second
segments rounded with a pad-like margiii ; centre of the keel

« Butler— Truns. Ent. Soc, 1878, iv., p. --'99.

86 RECORDS OF THE AUSTKALIAX MUSEUM.

raised but flat. Tlie space between the raised surface and the
ma-i'ofinal pad is afrooved (not flat, as in ('. (jHt'ein^Jiuid'nv), the
inner slope bein<^ abrupt and the bottom of the groove being
flat and furnislied witli delicate fleecy hair. Other keels as in
C. queenshiiidiir with a i-ather stronger inner ridge. Last
tergite evenly globular, slightly depressed near the posterior
margin which is delicately sulcate all round.

Tarsi of ambulatory legs compressed, longer than the
corresponding femora, except in the first and second pair where
both joints are of equal length. Ventral spines do not appear
to exceed five in each row. When both rows are not alike, it is
the anterior which lacks of some of the proximal spines ; for
instance, the tarsi of the two first pair show an anterior row of
two spines and a posterior row of five ; the tarsi of the second
and third pair show an anterior row of three spiiies and a
posterior row of five ; the tarsi of the twenty-first pair show
an anterior row of four spines and a posterior row of five. The
dorsal spine is missing on the two anterior pair of legs ; on the
other legs it stands apart from the claw. The latter is sickle-
sliaped with a basal tooth.

Male : — The bead-like penis is similar to the same organ of
C. qneensJaxdhv ; the plates do not join in the middle and are
more chitinized.

Copulatory organs : — Basal joint of the anterior pair almost
naked, bi'oad and short ; inner edge scarcely sinuate or even
somewliat convex, ending in a triangular, short and blunt
process pointing straight downwards. Inner surface concave.
Second joint with rare, rather long setae, conic ; the immovable
digit short with rounded apex and with an anterior surface
covered with rather acute warts. 'I'liiiil joint small, tapering,
slightly curved backwards in its distal third ; its posterior
surface is furnished with warts similar to those of the immov-
aljle digit.

Second pair poorly beset with short seta? except along the
inner edge of the second joint and of the imnnivablo digit,
whei'e tlie setae arc more lirnsf. Antcrinr nuMlian liornsahnost
pai'allel-sided pi-oxinially, (piickly thinning out in their distal
third. Posterioi- median pi'ocesses nearly (juadi-angular in
outline, willi tilt' outer ani^'Je I'ounded and the inner antrlo

TllK MVl;l.\l'ii|iA IN TIIK A rsi'K A M A N MlSKl'M i;K("H,K.M AN N. S7

{)ri)(liKH'(l iiitii a i-Diic ; tliu lattci- lopre.seiit oiiu fourth ot' llie
total Icnutli of tlie process, ami its root is equal to about one
third of the bi'eadth of the process if measured at its base.
The proximal joint of tlie a))peiidag-es is shoi't, of the usual
form ; second joint short but bearing an immovable dij^-it nearly
as long' as the movable ; the a])ex is rounded ; the wai'ts of the
posterior (outer) edge are small and flat, not ujilike a stone
pavement. The last joint is rather stout with its end cut
obliquel}' ; the "harp" is composed of some twenty elongate
nodules oiMianicntcd with delicate concentrical ridges. Standing
in a line with the harp, is to be seen at the end of the digit a
more chitinized sjtace covered with minute dark dots, the
nature of which could not be ascertained.

Female : — The anal sternite is very broad, and rounded ;
the length is equal to half of the breadth at the base ; it is
adorned with delicate fleecy hairs on its distal half and pax^tic-
ularly along the j)osterior margin.

The opening of the sexual ducts in the ccjxas of the second
pair of legs is protected by three plates disposed as in the

preceding species. The
pistal plate is strongly
chitinized, in shape of a
gradually tapering cone
with rounded apex,
reaching slightly beyond
the distal margin of the
coxa. This structure
seems to come very near
to that of C. tar</ioiiii, as
drawn by Prof. Silvestri;
but the total absence of
carina and depressions
on the last tergum pre-
cludes the identification
of these specimens with
Pig.. 22— Cy/iosoma /'nin'//if>i.ws. Right coxa of the Queensland form.

'2nd pair of ¥. showing vulva. v ^^ N'cntral
plate; '-s = tracheal stalk.

One male from Peni'ith and three females from Cambewai'ra,
New South Wales.

88

RKCORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

C. i)e)iritlieiisis is closely- related to ( '. ^(nnni', Silv., 1S98,
but is to be distinguished from it on account of the ft)lh)wing
particuhirs : —

First pair of copulatory organs: — Jn ('. !<l'iiiii(' the proximal
joint is less broad, its length stands to its breadth as 8 to 7.
Its inner margin is sinuate, the inner angle being bent out-
wards and less distinct, while in <'. jioirlflieiisis the length
stands to the breadth at least as 3 to 4.50 and the inner
margin is differently shaped.

Second pair of copulatory organs : — The inner pioduced
angle of the posterior median processes, if measured at its root,
is as broad as half the process itself in ( '. xemin', while it is less
developed in C. peitrltJii-iisin.

Female sexual oi-gans : — ]n C. xeniui' the distal plate rapidly
thins out into a slender, acute top, the lateral margins being
therefore concave and not straight as in ('. i>ciirif}iriisi>;.

No doubt further differences would be brought to light
should the types be carefull}- compared."

Fig. 23.

Fig. 25.

Fig. 24.

^ Silvcstri's description of C. sciincc runs as follows : —

V Color fiisco-oli\;iceiis. inarninc postico soniitorimi niKiL-sccnte- Caput sparse
' punctatiim. circa labrum nianis piinctatiim sctincruni. Antennae bre\-cs articulis
'1-5 subacciLialibus, articiilo (i" coctcris fere diiplo lonKiorc. cylindrico. Somita :
'teruitum primum sparse setosum, ternitiim sccondiini in e.xcavationc laterum
'setosum. Tergita coetera laevigata. Viil\a (Hn.2;<)articiiIosuperotrianKLiliformi,
'apice magis attenuato interne vix reverso. c^ Foemina minor, tergito lit in
■focmina. Organiim copulativum ; par anticum (H(4. 24) articiilo secundo minus
' magno. forcipc elonnato, digito mobili breviorc, par posticum (tig. 251 forcipis
'digito mobili immobili pariini longiore, magnitudine altero subaeiiuali. Long,
'corp. mm. ? 24. J 22; hit. corp. mm. ? \2. <i 10. Hab. Cairns (Queensland)"

TllK MYKIAl'DHA IN TllK AUS'l'KALlAN .MTSKUM |!i;(M,K M AN N. S9

Proterandkia, Verlioeff, 1894.

Por.YDKS.MOIDKA, Focock, 1894.

tii'iiiix Australiosoiiia, (jrii. imr.

The fliai'actor.s of tlii.s new <i;-euus are the follovvinii' : —

1. Pore formula : 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 18, 15 to 19.

'I. Keel of second terg-ite reaching beh)w the level of the
posterior anyle of the first tei'>iMte, and of tlie following keels.

3. Keels more or less reduced.

4. Tarsi of male furnished below with a bi'ush.

5. First pair of leofs of male thickened, the third joint being
provided with a tooth-like process.

6. Anterior part of fifth sternite bearino- a more or less
developed lamella.

7. Coxal aperture more or less contracted on the middle line.

8. Gonopods : — Coxal hook present. Femoral part of telo-
podit distinct. Telopodit more or less condensed and more or
less deeply divided into three (sub. gen. Aiixfraliononia) or two
(sub. gen. l>irlinln>iiniiii) branches.

TiJiie : — A/i-'<tr(iliiis(in/i( nn'iihoirt, sp. nov.

This genus is established on the four species, the descriptions
of which ai-e given hereafter. All the characters recorded ai-e
probably not of equal value ; but it has not been possible to
ascertain which are to be considered as secondary, as hardly
anything is known of the Polydesmids of the Australian
continent, Tasmania and New Zealand.

So far the only species recorded from these regions are :—

1\)I t/ile)^iirNx (Sfrdii'jijliifiin/ii) nihrijiett, L. Koch,

1867 9: Brisbane.

I'dl ijdf^f))! 11!^ (Stro)ifjiiIo.^u)ii(i) frdiisverse-hi'in'ii-

f.i(iit,h. Koch, 1867 (J: Bi-isbane.

ruhiih>xiiut>i (StroiKjijIiisdiiKi) ii(iriin-(i\ liumb.

and Sauss., 1869 J": Auckland.

90 RECORDS i)V THK AUSTRALIAN MUSEL'.M.

I'lil ij(ley<iiiiis (StroiiijijId^iiDni) in imtnl ti m, Karscli,

1881 9: Adelaide.

Puhjdes))! lifi (Struinjijlofiniini) ^mjilln ri urn , Kai'scli,

1881 .' ' J : Sydney.

Sty(>ii(jijh<>^o)ii(t sfiiiniil, Attems, 1898 9- Q'^^enslaiid.

■ EiiyttroiiiiijUi'iniiia traiixn'rxe-fiixciidiuii, Silvesti-i,

1897 ."... 9: Gayiulali.

Eii!<tru)iij;il(i'in,iiii liifidcntaht, Silvestri, 1898 ...(J: Cairns.

But four out of the eight species can afford no useful indica-
tions, as they are known only from female specimens. Nothing
is to be made out of the embryonary description of a fifth
species, )S. scK/itfdn'nni, Karsch. Three more species remain,
the coj)nlatory organs of whicli are known thi'oagh sketches
given by their authors; and this makes it possible to compare
them with An.^tniJiiin(iii/i!.

For instance, there is hardly any (loul)t that »S. iiuntrrn' is
closely related to the ccmtinental forms. Attems' drawing*'
sliow.s coxa of the gono])ods to be crooked, and the femora to be
very distinct ; also Humbert & Saussure's description mentions
"chez le male, enti-e les pattes de la premiere pairo du cinquicme
segment, une apophyse courte, arrondie et com pii nice trans-
versalement." On the other hand, the development of the
keels (which is indeed of little importance), and the shape of
the gonopods, with long outsti'etched tibia and short rudimen-
tary branches, indicates that ,S. iiuran-n' has to be held as an
aberrant form showing traces of evolution" : it will, therefore,
be pix)bably found necessary to isolate this species from the
bulk of the continental Ausfriilidsmini, when the limits of
variation of the characters of the latter become better known.

As regards S. t ndi-srcrse-tiriiiKtidiiiiud E Kxtniin/t/lo.tdiiut hifdlrK-
tiiu/, it raa}^ be safely assumed that they belong to the newgenus,
judging from the shape of the gonopods which bear a striking
reseml)lance to the same organs of .1. niiulimrl n\n\ of A. tr<i<l'J"tfi-
Yet nothing is known as to the ])resence of secondai-y sexual
characters, the authoi-s remaining silent on this ])oint. That

^ Attems — System dcr I'olydcsmiJcn, 1, IS9S, I'l. iii., (ij^. 58.

'■' A similar case, thoii.uli less charactcri/.cJ, will he loiiiui luicat'lcr
in Anstraliusoma kosciiiscovngnin.

TlIK MYKIAIMHiA 1\ I'lIK AI'Sl'K'A 1,1 A N Ml'SKTM l!K(iI,KMAXN. 91

such a blank should exist in Pi'of. Silvesti'i's text is not sur-
prisino', as the diagnosis of I'J. hifdJi-ntiim is shortened, and the
fact that the matter was left iinspokm does not imply thattlie
secondary characters do not exist. As to N. t ruiixi-frxp-td'nidfinii,
which has been redescribed at length by Attems, it is more
astonishing that the Austrian authoi', wliose writings rank
amongst the best, should have neglected to mention the
structure of the fii'st pair of legs and of the tifth sternum.
Are we to understand that these organs show no special feature,
or are we to admit that, the specimens being curled up, these
particulars have escaped his attention p The matter is not
easy to decide ; and should the first alternative prove to be the
right one, it would become necessary to somewhat alter tlie
above given diagnosis of the genus. For this reason, some of
the characters mentioned therein, and namely the characters
numbered thi'ee to seven, should not be entirely relied upon
until they have undergone further test.

Thus far the genus Aii.-^frdllosdiini includes six species, I.e.: —
^4. tnt)ifiverKe-tivnii(tn)H, L. Koch, 1867, A. hiftilrntmu, Silvestri,
1898, .1. mi iihdii-i , A. t'niijijiitfi, .1. Icdxrl iisi-nntijn III and A.
ptlier'uhjei , S])p. nov.

In all six cases the gonopods show thefollowingparticulars: — -
The coxa is crooked, with a prominent anterior surface adorned
with some fleecy hairs (ri>,f. PI. xiv., figs. 14, 22) ; no trace
of the anterior marginal process is to be seen ; the innei' hook
is normally developed. The femur is distinctly outlined (PI.
xiv., figs, 9, 14, 18), the limits being often grooved ; its surface
is abundantly clothed with setjie, more dense and much longer
in tlie vicinity of the proximal opening of the seminal duct.
The tibia is generally condensed and the telopodit deeply split
(less so in A. k(isi-insr,fir(i)/i(vi, which is a mountain dweller, and
has evidently been differently affected by evolution) ; the
tibial brancli starts fi'om the posterior (PI. xiv., fJi., tig. 8), or
from the outer (PI. xiv., fh. tig. 14; PI. xv., figs. 18, 21) sur-
face of the telopodit.

Besides the seminal and the tibial branch, a third process is
generally to be seen starting from the telopodit more distally
than the tibial branch ; and this has to be identified as a tarsal
branch (PI. xiv., tah. figs., 8, 13 ; PI. xv., fig. 18). Yet its
existence does not appeal- to be as constant as that of the

92 RECOUnS (IK THE AUSTKALIAN MUSEUM.

tibial branch ; no trace of it is found in .1. ft/u'riJijei (PI. xv.,
fig. 21). As moreover the tibial branch assumes in tliis species
a sliape not met with in the otlier members of the genus
AnstraliofyOiiia (being widened and hollowed proximall}' so as
to shelter the base of the seminal bi'anch), it has been found
necessary to isolate same and to erect a special sub-generic
division for its leception.

The genus Aiistriiliii!<(iiiii> will, theiefore, be divided into two
sub-genei-a : —

1. AusTRALlosOMA (aeii.^11 strictu), the gonopods of which are

split into three branches.

2. DiCLADOSOMA, the gonopods of which are split into two

bi'anches, the other generic characters remaining
identical in both divisions.

Amongst the known continental Anst niliosmiut, a species has
been mentioned above, which has been ascribed by its autlu)i'
to tlie genus Ijiidi-DiniiihiKOhia : — E. hlfuJi-afiuji, Silvestri, 1898,
from Cairns, Queensland. It has not been found convenient
to use this genei'ic name for the continental foi-ms hereafter
described, as: — 1st, no full description has been given of the
genus, and 2nd, while as much as can be understood from Prof.
Silvestri's writings, the continental Ai(nfr(ili<isoni<i seem differ-
ent from the New Guinea ty])e specimen of E/isfroiHjiiJn.-inDia,
E. fiisn'dtinii, Silv., 1894.

The mime Fjimi i-oikjijIohouhi was created by Vvoi.
Silvestri^-* in 1896. No description was given, as already
stated ; but, the genus being included in an analytical key of
his PolydesmidjT?,^o \^, may be inferi'ed, from the terms of the
key, that its characters are the following: —

Pores opening sideways in the keels of the segments 5, 7, 9,
10, 12, 13, 15 to '19.

Keels small, linear, with posterior angle no< pioduced : keels
of second segment pi-oduced below the level of the keels
of segments 1 and 3.

^* Silvestri — I Diplopodi ; Parte 1, Sistematica. Ann. .Mus. Civ.
Stor. Nat. Genova, (2), xvi., 1896, p. 198.

"^ It is to be observed that Silxcstri's f:imily h\ no inc:ins answers
the likewise named division of other authois.

rilK .MYK'IAni|>A IN I'lIK AI'STIiAMAN MI'SKUM l;i-!(")l,K.\l ANN. 93

Last sesfnieut more ti'iaiiLruliU' (fliaii in Aiinjildilesiitiis and
Ijt'litoih^niliiin).

Tergites destitute of warts.

Steriiite unai'ined.

Warts of the anal sternite small, not exceeding the apex of the
sternite.

Trochanter of ambulatory legs spineless ; other joints sub-
equal, the femur not being twice longer than the tibia.

Pleuro-sternal suture not keeled (this last chai'acter is sup-
posed to sepai'ate Eiixtnimiiilosinna from iSfruiKjijIottonm,
Brandt).

Not a single word is said of the sti'ucture of the copulatory
appendages, and the genus thus appears so doubtful, that Dr.
Attems, in his well-known " System der Polydesmiden," was
led to consider Silvestri's denomination as synonymous with
StroNgylocoH/ii.

To E list rong ylosoma is ascribed, as type specimen, the New
Guinea, St ro)ir/ylo><om a f I isci (it >i 1)1.^^ No figure of the gonopods
was given, but it is said in the diagnosis : — " ^ : pedum omnium
articulus ultimus infra setosissimus ; pedes copulativi simplices,
apice multo recurvato circulum fere formante." The g(uiopods
of E. fasri lit 11)11 being undivided, " simplices," it is utterly
impossible to place beside it the continental forms with con-
densed and split telopodit.

One more word is to be added concerning Ausfraliosoiita. At-
tems, when re-describing Koch's A. f ra ii s re rfie-ti:eni at in)i , states : —
" Die Copulationsfiisse erinnern durch die tiefe Spaltung eher
an die von Leptodesmns.'''' But a main criterion escaped Attems'
attention, and that is how differently constructed are the coxae
of Strongylosomids and Leptodesmids. Nevertheless, a
similarity exists in the telopodit and is to be held as a highly
insti'uctive case of parallelism. From it we learn that, in
continental regions where a special group of Polydesmids seems
to find the most and more favorable conditions for their exist-
ence, the evolution tends to complicate the gonopods by

>' Silvestri— Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva (2), xiv., 1894-5,
p. 642.

94 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

favouring the condensation of the telopodit and the growth of
its processes. Wliilst around such regions, taken as centres,
in surrounding mountain ranges or in isolated lands and
islands, the condition of life are different, enough to slacken or
alter the action of evolution. Yet it is to be expected that,
under the latter conditions, forms will crop out more perfect
under some other point of view still to be ascertained. Such
is the case for Leptodesmids in South America, and will likely
prove to be the case for Strongylosomids in the Australian
continent and surroundings.

The following is an analytical key to the six known species
of Australiosonia : —

1 (2) — Body with a transverse yellow stripe on the posterior

half of metazonite ^4. tnuDirer.'^e-fK'niatxDi, ^j. K.

2 (1) — Body without transverse yellow stripes 3

3 (6) — Bodv of an uniform colour, or, should the dorsal part

appear lighter, no definite longitudinal bands are
seen . ..4

4 (5) — Distal part of seminal branch of goiiopods gradually

thinning out into a spine-like ajtex ; posterior branch
two thirds the length of the seminal branch ; end of

anterior branch not expanded

.1. hifith-ittii)}!, Silvestri.

5 (4) — Distal end of seminal branch divided into three tines ;

posterior branch nearly as long as the seminal bi-anch ;

end of the anterior bi'ancli spade shaped

.1. frttij<fitttl , sp. nov.

<i (3) — Body with one or two deiiiicil liirlit-colonred dorsal
bands .7

7 (8) — Anterior mai'giii of coxal aperture of gon()j)t)ds with

a large, horizontal lap produced backwards ; posterior
margin without process ; posterior (outer) branch of

gonopods blade-like, cui'ved outside the oi'gaii

A. liiitii-iiifili-iiriiijuiii, sp. nov.

8 (7) — Anterior margin of coxal a])ertui'e of gonopods with-

out a lap ; posterior margin with a stroiiLT tooth-like
process dii'ected do\vii\var<ls ...9

TllK .MYKIAI'ODA IN THK Al'S'l'IIAMAN MrSKUM I'.UOI.K M ANN. 95

9 (10) — Gonopods divided into tliree branches ; posterior
branch not overlianging the femur proximal ly,oTadually

tliinner, curled inside the orofan

A. rdiiilniii-i, sp. nov.

10 (9) — Gonopods divided into two branches ; posterior branch
with broad base, overhanging the femur externally,

expanded distally on the outer surface of the organ

.1. (Dirladosovia) etheridgei, sp. nov.

AUSTKALIOSOMA FROGGATTI, gp. Ildf.

(PI. xiv., figs. 8-12).

(a) ^ type : length 47 m/m ; breadth of 12tli tergite 4.20
mm, of 12 th prozonite 3.10 m/m.

(b) <? : length 48 m/m ; breadth of 12th tergite 4.30 m/m.

(c) 5 : length 42 m/m ; breadth of 12th tergite 4.25 m/m.

Ground colour, a very dark brown, reddish on the dorsal
surface and below the keels. Ventral side and the thi-ee
proximal joints of the legs yellow-brown ; the three distal
joints of the legs reddish-brown to dark brown.

Head smooth, pilose behind the labrum, wrinkled and swollen
behind the antennae causing the vertex to appear flattened.
Median sulcus distinct on the vertex, short not reaching the
base of the anteunfe, not branclied. Lateral mai'gins of the
head much swollen below the antennal sockets. The latter
not sunken, standing close together (0.73 m/m apart). Antennae
long and slendei", reaching as far back as the suture of the
third segment in the male, as the posterior margin of the second
segment in the female ; shortly pilose from the second joint ;
four sensorv cones. Micrometrical measurements of the joints: —
1st, 0.416 m/m ; 2nd, 1.216 m/m ; 3rd, 1.152 m/m ; 4th, 1.056
m/m; 5th, 1.088 m/m ; 6th, 0.992 m/m ; 7th and 8th, 0.160
m/m ; total length, 6.08 m/m.

Integuments smooth, dull on the prozonite, strongly shining
on the metazonites, the latter with scarcely perceptible
irregular wrinkles towards the posterior end of the body.

Tergites and keels similai' in shape to A. niiiihoici, trans-
versely furrowed from the fifth to the seventeenth segment.
From the fifth segment the body is flattened (PI. xv., fig. 10)
while it remain convex in A. niinhuiri. The dorsal surface of
the keels of second segment ay)pears less hollowed. Suture

96 i;KCOKr>s ok the austkaliak .MUSEr.M.

indistinctly granular. Pores as in A. niinboin'. Last segment
leathery or wrinkled towards the ajiex, which is truncate ; tlie
usual setee are not mounted on granules.

Valves globular, smooth or scarcely wrinkled in the angles,
with shining, raised margins and a pair of setae on each side.
Anal sternite rounded with a pair of marginal setae. Ventral
plates unarmed, with some long fleecy hair inside the
base of the legs, and with distinct transverse and longitudinal
impressions. Pleuro-ventral ridges recognizable only on the
third and fourtli segments, simply swoUon on the following.

Legs long ; as long in the posterior end of the body as in
the middle (tenth pair = 5.90 m/m ; thirty-first pair = 6
m/m), shortly pilose. Third joint distinctly longer than the
breadth of the corresponding sternite ; last joint shorter than
the third.

Male : — The brush which adorns the ventral surface of the
tarsi of anterior legs is poorly furnished with setse and quickly
thins out after the seventh pair of legs. First pair thickened
and provided with a blunt tooth below the third joint (PI.
xiv., (f fig. 17 ^ .L rdi'iilioiri) ; claw rudimentary, rounded.
Between the coxa^ of the fourth pair of legs is to be seen a
conspicuous perpendicular, sub-quadrangular lamella (PI. xiv.,
figs. 11 and 12), growing broader distally, the mai-gin of which
is somewhat sinuate with rounded angles; the anterior surface
is swollen and clothed with very short hairs, while the posterior
surface is naked and bears two shallow impressions. The
sternite of the sixth segment is hollowed to lodge the copulatory
appendages at rest, the excavation being shallow and without
definable limits.

The coxal apertui'e of the gouopods has its anterior margin
feebly sinuate and without median angular plate ; its posterior
margin is destitute of any tooth-like pi'ocess, being simply
angular, the two coxal sockets thus communicating more
bi'oadly in the middle than in .1. niiiilmir,'.

Coxa? of gonopods (1^1. xiv., figs. 9 and 10) protruding out
of the coxal aperture, nuire so than in any othei- species of the
genus ; telopodits also proportionally longer. (lonopods en-
tirely independent from one anothei-. Coxa longish, crooked
above the middle, with its anterior surface flattened in its
proximal half, adorned with numerous fleecy hairs in the distal
half. No marginal process. Hook thick at the base and

TilK .MYi;i.\r(il>A IN TIIK AISTK.M-IAX MrsKTM l;i;(il, K.MANN. 97

graduall}' taperinp. Tracheal stalk moderately long, flattened,
curved.

Femoral part distinct ; it is produced aiif,''ularly on the
posterior surface where it is clothed with niunerous and long
fleecy hairs.

Telopodit split into thi-ee branches, of which the posterior
(tb.) is, in its turn, divided into two thin rods almost straight
and somewhat shorter than the other bi-anches. Before pre-
paring for microscopical examination, the two rods were so
closely coupled that it was not possible to distinguish one from
the other (PI. xiv., fig. 8) ; the disjoining was realized through
boiling in potash. The anterior bi'anch (tab.) is flattened,
ribbon-shaped, slightly sinuate and of equal breadth up to a
point near the end where it is abruptly curved and expands
into a short and wide, spade-shaped lamella. The seminal
branch (sb.) is sinuate and swerved outwards in its proximal
half ; it is flattened and slightly widened afterwards, then it
bends abruptly inward before the apex which is divided into
three short tines ; of these, two are acute, the third being
sub-quadi'augular ; the seminal duct opens in the median
spine-like tine.

Female : — The coxfe of the second pair of legs bear two
granular warts placed side by side on the distal half of the
posterior surface.

Three specimens from Mount Sassafras. Shoalhaven District.

AUSTRALIOSO.MA RAIXBOWI, Sj). HOC.

(Plate xiv., tigs. 13-17 ; Pig. 26.)

(a) S type : length 41 m/ni ; breadth of 12th tergite -4.50
mm, of 12th pro-zonite 3.30 m/m.

(b) J : length 41 ra/ra ; breadth of 12th tergite^
4.80 m m.

(c) $ : length 42 mm ; breadth of 12th tergite
4.80 m in. \(No. 22).

(d) $ : length 43 mm ; breadth of 12th tergite
5. ni/m.

(e) 9 : length 44 m^m; breadth of 12th tergite'
5.25 m/m.

(f) 9: length 43 mm ; bx'eadth of 12th tergite / ,-vr ,,,,
5.20 m/m. " )^' ""• "*''•

98 KECOKKS OF THE ATSTKAEIAX MUSKU.M.

Ground colour very dark, blackish ; carina:! orange-yellow ;
two narrow dorsal yellow bands divided by a reddish-brown
line begin at the posterior margin of the first segment and run
tlii'ough to the apex of the last segment. Ijegs brownish,
growing darker towai'ds the end.

Head smooth, except behind the labrum where the face is
pilose and sometimes uneven, and also occasionally above the
antennae, where some tiny wrinkles may be seen ; surface
rather swollen behind the antennae, wherefrom the vertex
appears flattened ; median sulcus wide in the middle, linear
backwards and between the antennae, where it disappears
abruptly. Antennte standing close together (0.80 m/m apart),
long and slender, I'eaching the posterior margin of the third
segment ; pilose fi'om the second joint, more densely towards
the apex, Avhich bears four sensory cones. Micrometrical
measurements of the joints : 1st, 0.50 m/m ; 2nd, 1.25 mm ;
3rd, 1.20 m/m; 4th,' 1.15 m/m; 5th, 1.10 m/m; 6th, 0.95
m/m ; 7th and 8th, 0.15 m/m ; total length: 6.30 m/m.

Integuments smooth and scarcelj- shining, with more or less
distinct, irregular, mostly branched strife, lacking orientation,
and, towards the postei'ior end of the body, with some irregular,
longitudinal wrinkles. First tergite with a vague transverse
median impi'ession ; anterior mai'gin straight in the middle,
oblique on each side ; posterior margin scarcely ccnicave ;
posterior angle rounded, with a marginal t'uri'ow. Second
tergite with small but well characterized, sloping keels reach-
ing below the posterior angle of the tirst tergite; margins
raised, causing the surface to appear hollow ,- anterior angle
rounded ; posterior angle slightly produced and rounded.
From the tliird segment the keels are considerably reduced and
located rather low ; antei-ior angle entirely rounded ; ])osterior
angle not produced beyond the level of the posterior margin of
the segment, yet somewhat acute owing to the fact that the
posterior margin is slightly excised ; suture beset with a row
of veiy Hue granules. Fi'om ihe fifth segment to tlie seven-
teenth, the metazonites are divided into two subequal halves
by a distinct transverse furi'ow. Poi'es opening sideways near
Ihe postcrioi" angle of the keels of the segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12,
l.'i, 15 1o 19. Last segment gradually narrowed, with apex
truncate, smooth. Valves, globular, smooth, with shilling,

TIIK MVlMAI'dhA 1\ TlIK A CSTKA MA N MUSKf.M KKol.KM ANN.

99

raised margins aud a pair of setio on each side. Anal sternite
rounded, with a pair of marginal setae.

Veuti'al plates very hairy, showing a vagne tiansverse
impression and no spines. Pleurosternal suture ridged on tlie
segments 2, 3 and 4, scarcely swollen and smoothed backwards,
except perhaps on the sixth somite where the swelling is tipped
with a tiny granule near the posterior margin of the segment.
Stigmata opening in small yellow granules. Legs long,
growing longer backwards ; on a (J specimen a leg of the
tenth pair measured 5.25 m/m, a leg of the thirty-first pair
measured 6 m/m. Joints clothed below with fleecy haii ;
thii'd joint longer than the breadth of the corresponding
sternite ; sixth shorter than the third.

Male : — Last joint of the legs furnished with a thick brush
(PI. xiv., fig. 17). Joints of the first pair thickened ; the third
joint is considerably swollen and is provided with a strong
blunt tooth on its lower surface ; claw, strong, acute. The
fifth segment bears, between the coxa? of the foixrth pair, a
very prominent lamella slightly curved backwards (PI. xiv.,
fig. 16), almost as wide as long, the anterior and posterior
sides of which are hairy aud the margin rounded and shining.
The ventral plate of the sixth segment is widely excavated to
shelter the copulatory appendages at rest.

The coxal aperture of the gonopods (fig. 26) is composed
of two semicircles placed side by side and fused on the middle

line. The anterior mai-gin is
upraised ; it is almost straight,
but is interrupted in the middle by
a small triangular, horizontal
plate pointing backwards. The
posterior margin of the aperture
is sinuate and bears on its median
curve a very strong and long tooth
placed perpendicularly, the proxi-
mal part of which dips in the
coxal aperture while its distal
end, compressed laterally, stands
upright between the gonopods.
The space left between the
Side view of coxal aperture of >4ono- anterior triangular plate and the
pods. ./. = stigmata; Ay = 9th pair posterior perpendicular tooth is

small indeed, as shown ii: \\ir. 26.

Fifi. 26 — A w,/) a/inuiiita rahihinui.-

100 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Gonopods entirely independent of one another. Cnxa^
longish somewhat crooked di.stally, with posterior distal
margin slightly produced but without any marginal process ;
some fleecy hairs are seen on its anterior surface. Coxal hook
of usual length and shape.

Tracheal stalk (PI. xiv., tig. 14) moderately long, flattened,
slightly curved. Femoral part of telopodit angularly pro-
duced on the posterior suiface and very hairy. Telopodit (PI.
xiv., figs. 13 and 14) split in three branches of even length.
Tibial branch (tb.) moderately wide, gently arched, flattened
distally, gradually tapering, then abruptly enlai-ged at the
apex, which is rounded, except in its anterior angle which is
produced into a short, acute spine. Tarsal branch (tah.)
winding inwards, angular along its posterior edge near the
base, slowly but regularly narrowed afterwards, and with an
acute apex. Seminal branch (sh.) curved, gi'adually narrowed,
with a short process below the middle of its outer edge (,r.)

Female : — Coxfe of the second ])air jirovided witli a low,
rounded, but strongly chitinized crest on tlie outer edge of its
posterior surface.

Six specimens from Mount Sassafras, one male ami five
females.

AUSTRALIOSOMA KOSCIUsKOVAGU.M, .v^/. unv.

(Plate XV., figs. 18-20; Fig. 27.)

(k) (^ tv}>i-' : lengtli 48 m ni ; l)reM(ltIi of 12tli tei'gite 5
m/m, of 12t]i ])rozoiiite 4.20 mm.

(b) 9 • length 4(i m/m ; breadth of 12tli tei-gite ."i.liO m ni.

Colour as in .1. rniiibmri ; dark red-bmwn background with
a dorsal yellow-brown band extending from the anterior margin
of the first segment to the apex of the last, divided into two
stripes by a brown median line. Keels tipped with yellow.
Pleural and ventral surface moi'e I'cddish. AiittMina^ and legs
dark.

Head smooth, except behind the upper lip wlu're tlio face is
rugose and hairy. Verte.v swollen on bntli sides, not pai'ticu-
larly flattenetl in the middle, with ii iniMliaii sulcus feebly
iinj)i-essed and iudistinct ly braiu-lied I)L't ween the antcnna\

TIIK MYUlAl'dPA IN I'lir. AISIUAMAN MlSKl'M l;i?("tl, F.MANX. 101

Aiiteiiiial groove strongly wrinkled. Jjaleral inargiii.s strongly
Rwollen outside tlie antennal sockets. Antennae standing
close together (^ : 0.80 ni 'm apart), nioderatel}' elongate, not
reaching (5) or scarcely over-i-eaching ((J) the posterior mar-
gin of the second segment, slender, shortly pilose, tipped with
four sensory cones. Micrometrical measurements of joints :
Ist, 0.4-80 'm 111: -ind, 1.152 m/m ; 3rd, 1.280 m/m'; 4th,
1.2-48 m/m; 5th, 1.216 m/m ; 6th, 0.992 m/m ; 7th and Sth,
0.256 m/m ; total length, 6.624 m/m.

The Tomciswary organ realises a growth so far unrecorded
amongst Polj-desmids ; it is to be seen as a pale yellow,
ti'ansverse and transparent low swelling, in the shape of a
ci'escent with i-ounded inner angle, located exactly behind the
antennal socket; in the other species, this organ is consiberably
smaller, dot shaped, and stands in the antennal fossa, behind
and close to the antennal socket.

First segment smooth. Anterior margin straight in the
middle, gently arched on each side ; posterior angle rounded
and slightly thickened, with a marginal sulcus ; posterior
margin feebly excised. Keels of the second segment vei'y
small, wath rounded anterior angle (more rounded than in
other species), reaching downward far below the posterior
angle of the keel of first segment. The margins of thi keel
are somewhat iucrassate, and its surface is not so strongly
grooved as in A. ralithovi.

Integuments scarcely shining, with indistinct wavy sort of
striae lacking orientation. Keels considerably reduced,
rounded anteriorly ; posterior angle i"6unded on the anterior
segments and gradually less prominent backwards. Suture
densely beset with minute longitudinal striffi. From the fifth
segment to the seventeenth, the metazonite show a very
shallow transverse impression and a thin sulcus growing fainter
on the sixteenth and seventeenth segments ; yet the body is
not flattened as in A. froyyiitfi (PI. xv., fig. 20). Pores
opening sideways in the keels 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15 to 19.
Last segment of the usual conic shape, with as few setae as in
the other species. Valves globular, with no distinctly I'aised
margins, but with a pair of low granules tipped with seta> on
each valve. Anal sternite lai-ge, rounded, yellow, with a pair
of marariual aetse.

102

KECOKDS OF TUK AU.STIJALIAN MLisELM,

Ventral plates spineless, liairy, with the usual cross-impres-
sions well marked. Pleurosternal suture with a fine ridge
on the segments four to seven, simply- swollen on the following
and growing more and more faint towards the posterior end
of the body. Stigmata opening in small, dark coloured
granules. Legs long ; not longer at the posterior end than in
the middle of tlie body ; pilose ; third joint longer than the
breadth of the corresponding sternite (in the proportion of 3
to 2.5) ; last joint distinctly shorter than the third.

Male : — The last joint of all legs and the distal half of the
fifth joint are furnished below with a thick brush. First pair
of legs similar to that of .1. niliibmci, thickened, and with a
strong blunt tooth on the anterior surface of the third joint ;
claw normal, acute. The intercoxal lamina of the fifth
sternite is similar to that of ^4. froytjatti, large, tilling all the
space between the coxa; of the fourth pair, turned onwards,
wider distally, but less thickened with distal angles, less
rounde.d and somewhat more straight margin.

The coxal aperture of the gonopods has quite a special
structure (fig. 27). The posterior
margin is angularly produced, but
shows no trace of a tooth as seen in
A, rdinhuiri or .1. ether'nhjei. The
I-- anterior margin, on the contrary, is
upraised, excised on each side, angu-
lar outwardly, and provided in the
middle with a large horizontal lap,
the a))ex of which is rounded, over-
hanging the aperture aud reaching as
far back as the level of the jiosterior
margin, so that, to a superficial
^^:f^;::^^:lZ7.^'^. observer, the coxal aperture might
ture of ftonopods. /9 = 9th pair j^ppgar to be divided into two sockets.

(lono])ods (J'l. XV., tigs. IS and If)) entirely independent
from one another. C'oxa? of normal shape ; the posterior distal
margin is feebly ])roduce(l ; no anterior distal process. Tracheal
stalk moderately elongate, flattened, arched. Femoral part of
the telopodit distinctly outlined all round, somewhat produced
fxisteriorly, very liaii'v. The rest of tlie telo]todit is not

rUK MYKIAi'iil'A IN TIIK AISTKAI.IAN M I'.sKr.M |;|;(')LF M ANN. I08

deeply split, in order that a compressed tibial stem may be
distinguished (PI. xv., 7'. tig. 18), the outer angle of whicli
ends into a short, scythe-shaped process (th.), with acute apex
turned inwards. Further on, the telopodit is divided into two
more bi-anches. The seminal branch (sh.) is lamellar and
leaf-shaped, while the posterior branch (tab.), gently arched
inside, end into two long and slender horns.

Female : — Coxfe of the second pair of legs with posterior
surface much swollen and strongly chitiuized, but without crest
or warts.

Two specimens, male and female, from Pretty Point, Mount
Kosciusko.

ArsTKALiosoMA (Dicladosouia) etherikgei, ^^p. uov.
(Plate XV.. tigs. -21, 22.)

(J type: length 81 mm: breadth of 12th tergite 3 m m,
of 12th prozonite 2.70 mm.

Ground colour dark brown, with a pale brownish yellow
band, contracted at the suture and enlarged towards, the
posterior margin of each segment, running through from the
anterior margin of the first segment to the apex of the last.
Pleurfe a dull red-brown ; legs dark madder.

Similar to the preceding species in many respects, such as
shape of the first segment, form and development of keels,
pore formula, male secondary charactei-s : yet of smaller size
and with different copulator}- appendages.

Head smooth, not shining ; upper lip hairy, but face almost
naked : lateral margins swollen : vertex swollen on each side
behind the antennae, with well marked, not distinctly branched
sulcus ; antennal grooves Avrinkled. Tomi)swaiy organ dot-
shaped. Antennal sockets not sunken. Antennae of moderate
length, slender, shortly pilose, standing close together (0.51
mm apart), with four sensory cones. Micrometi'ical measure-
ments of joints : 1st joint, 0.320 m m ; 2nd, 0.736 mm ; 3rd,
0.736 mm; -ith, 0.704 mm; 5th, 0.70Jr mm; 6th, 0.672
mm ; 7th and 8th, 0.256 ; total length, 4.128 mm.

Integuments smooth ; prozonite dull, metazonite shining"
Posterior angle of the first tergite rounded and with a marginal
sulcus. Anterior angle of second tergite reaching below the

104 KECoiUiS Of THE AUSTKALIAX MUSEUM.

posterior angle of the preceding keel, only moclei'atel}- rounded,
and with a minute tooth pointing outwards ; posterior angle
somewhat overreaching the level of the posterior margin.
Keels of the following segments very small, pad-shaped,
thickened on the poriferous segments, completely rounded
anteriorly, Avith posterior angle distinct as in A. ruiiihou'i .
Suture neatly sulcata, more coarsely than in ^4. Icoscluscovaijnm,
appearing granular. Metazonites five to seventeen somewhat
flattened and divided by a well marked transverse sulcus, the
bottom of which is punctured. Pores opening sideways at a
small distance of the posterior angle of the keels 5, 7, 9, 10,
12, 13, 15 to 19. Last segment of the usual form. Sette not
mounted on graniiles. Valves globular, strongly shining,
with thin upi'aised mai'gins and a couple of low setiferous
granules on each side. Anal sternite yellow, large, rounded,
with a pair of marginal setfe.

Sternite of segments spineless, hairy, with well marked
cross impressions. Pleurosternal suture adorned with a tiny
arched ridge on the segments three, four and five, quickly
disappearing backwards. Legs moderately long, almost naked
above, pilose below. Third joint scarcely longer than the
breadth of the corresponding sternite ; sixth joint but a trifle
shorter than the third.

Male : — The brush which adorns the ventral surface of the
tarsi is dense and thins out only in the last pair of legs. First
pair of legs thickened, with a blunt tooth on the anterior
surface of the third joint ; claw normal. The sternal lamella
of the fifth segment is I'ectangular, not wider distally,
slightly curved, ])ointing onwai-ds and downwards ; it is
shortly pilose on* its anterior surface. The sternite of the sixth
segment is simply flattened, not excavated.

The coxal aperture resembles that of A. ndiihoiri^ in being
provided with a strong tooth projecting far out above the level
of the bod}' ; yet the anterior margin is not as straight ;
it is strongly and angularly produced backwards, the apertui'e
l)eiiig thus considerably conti-acted on the middle line. In
fi'ont of the outer angles of the aperture, thick ridges ai-e to
l)e seen directed obliquely onwards, the outer end of which is
abruptly rounded while the inner die out before meeting on
the middle line of the body. The legs of the ninth pair are
stronfflv driven aside.

Tllb; .MYKlAl'UliA IN Tilt: AUSTRALIAN ML'SKLM Illuil.KMANX. 105

Distance between the gonopods mncli larofer tliaii in the
preceding- sjiecies. Coxa? and traclieal stalk of tlie usual t'oi'ni.
Femoral part of tlie telopodit very distant. 'I'ibia much con-
densed and enlarged, showing a rounded lap (PI. xv., k. tig. 21)
hanging down on the outer surface of the femur. The telepodit
(PI. XV., figs. 21 and 22) is deepl}^ split into two branches of
unequal length. The outer, tibial branch (tl>.), the longest, is
wide, hollowed at the base, with coiled margin ; it is curved
inwai'ds at its distal third, and thins out in a conspicuous long
horn the end of whicli is bent onwards ; it furnishes a thin
awl-shaped process in the middle of its anterior edge (h) and
a short and acute triangular piece at the base of the distal
horn (c). Inner seminal branch (sh.) short and more slender ;
its base rests in the concavity of the tibial branch ; it is curved
inwards at its distal thirds ; the end is lamellar and divided
into rounded lobes at the side of which opens the seminal duct.

Female unknown.

One male specimen from Pretty Point, Mount Kosciusko.

luLiiiDEA, Pocock, 1894.
8piRor.()Lii).E, Rollman, 189S.
The specieshereafter described may be tabulated as follows: —

1 (2) — Metazonites bearing eight to twelve strong ridges

ending backwards in stout conic sjnnes, symetrically dis-
posed along the posterior margins

Ai-iiiithi 111 II!' hh(iiirilJt'i\ Le (luillou.

2 (1) — Metazonites not spined along the posterior margin... 3.

3 (6) — Sides of the first tergite reaching the ventral surface of

the second segment. Pi-ozonites marked with horse-shoe
shaped punctures 4.

4 (5) — Sides of first tergite triangular with blunt apex.

Posterior gonopods connected by a bridge, the two
joints standing at a right angle. Tracheal stalk of an-
terior gonopods short, directed upwards and reaching

the base of the tibia

Sjiirostri>iiJi)i!< (Hi/itiil ii!>, sp. nov.

106 KECOKliS OK THE AUSTKALIAX MUSEUM.

5 (4) — Sides of tii'st tergite nearl}- quadraiio'ularwitli rounded

outei' margin. Posterior gonopods independent, the two
joints standing in a liiie. Tracheal stalk of anterior

gonopods long, dipping inside the body

Spi I'oJioh'll IIS nil iiJioiri, sji. nov.

6 (3) — Sides of first tergite falling short of the ventral surface

of the second segment. Prozonites smooth, sti'iate or
sulcate, and, when punctured, the punctures are by no
means horse-shoe shaped 7.

7 (S) — Posterior margin of segments excised in correspondence

with the scobinas of the following segment

Jh'iicniafncrlcKS laiicedlKtii-'^, sp. nov.

8 (7) — Posterior margin of segments not excised 9.

9 (10) — Dimple of the scobina small, circular, not wider

than long. Inner branch of posterior gonopod located
immediately above the basal swelling. Venti'al poster-
ior margin of 7th segment upraised into a thick, promi-
nent, transverse ridge

TK (('hnh'f^rncrirns) fii}rntii!< sroh'nnihi, subsp. nov.

10 (9) — Dimple of the scobina transversely developed, always

distinctly wider than long. Inner bi-anch of posterior
gonopod located at a distance of the base of the joint
nearly equal to its length. i- Ventral ridge of 7th seg-
ment not thickened and less pi'ominent... 11.

11 (12) — Dimples of scobinas entirely open frontwards and

located on the anterior mai'gins of the zonites which
seems to be excised. iMetazonite deeply sulcate doi'sally,

the sulci separated by low rounded ridges

Di iifiinifitrririix I'driimfiix, Karsch.

12 (11) — Dimples of scobinas distant from the anterior margijis

of the zojiites, closed fi-ontwards 13.

13 (16) — Distance between the dimples of llie scobinas not

exceeding once and a half the diameter of a diiiiid(>. .. 14.

'- The characters borrowed from the male orj»ans coukl not be
verified in D. consiniilis, the only representative of which is a
female.

TlIK MYlJIAI'nnA IN I'lIK Al'STKAMAN MUSKIM l!K('»l,KMAN\. 1()7

II (15) — Dimples of the scobinas twice as wide as loiio',
nnnided at its ends, the botttnn beiiif»- raised and eon-
vex ; posterior /one without distinct stria>

Diin'iiiittiirrlcHx fdnriiini, sp. nov.

15 (1-1-) — Dimple of the scobina nearly tive times as wide as

long, with acute ends and concave bottom ; the pos-
terior zone distinctly striate

If'nn-iiiatiicriciit nuiKliii il !■•<, sp. nov.

16 (18) — Distance between the dimples at least three times

the diameter of one of them 17.

17 (-0) — Distal y)roeess of the ventral plate of anterioi- orono-

pods as long as, or longer than the proximal part.
Integuments without silky lustre 18.

IS (19) — Legs chestnut. Posterior part of prozonite witli a
transverse dorsal sulcus. Valves not j)articularly
prominent, and but slightly compressed. Distal pi'o-
cess of ventral plate of anterior gonopods slightly
narrowed at the base, j-ather linguiform. Four anten-
nal sensory cones Ditirhiaforrli-iis (h'sjtiiirhis, sp. nov.

19 (18) — Legs dark. Posterior part of prozonite without

transverse dorsal sulcus. Valves with a distinct pre-
marginal impression, very prominent, with upper angles
unusually thickened. Distal j)rocess of vejitral plate of
anterior gonopods gi'adually narrowed from, the base to

the apex. Fifteen antenna] sensory cones

I>iiiPi)iiifnrri('i(>i njnth's, sp. nov.

20 (17) — Distal processes of the ventral plates of anterioi- gono-

pods half as long as the j)roximal part. integuments
densely beset with minute strife, showing a silky lusti'e

J h'lit'iiiiifofrir/is liolosi'riri'iiK, s[). nov

(jfuii^i Acaiithiulus, terrain, 1844.

(? Syn. : J'nl i/I,iitioloJtHt<, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
(7), xii., 1893).

Anterior gonopod somewhat as in 'J'riyiiin'iiliis. The
proximal part of the ventral plate (PI. xv., r. fig, 23) extends
latei'ally around the base of the organ ; it is fused with its

108 RECORDS (.)F THE Al'STltALIAN MUSEl'.M.

outer lobe (oj.) ; it is seen to end on the posterior face of the
organ, where it meets the tracheal stalk. The latter is short,
widened distally, its end beino' directed upwards and leaning
against the base of the tibia. The coxo-femur (cf.) is shell-
sliaped with a concave posterioi- surface ; when viewed from
the anterior surface, it entirely conceals the tibia ; its edo-es
are folded back on the sides of the organ, but do not encroach
on the posterior surface. The tibia (t.) is shoi't and wide,
lodged in the concavity of the preceding joint.

Posterior gonopods connected together by a chitinized bridge
(PI. XV., fig. 25). Each gonopod is two-jointed ; the proximal
joint is constructed as in Tn'ijdin'iil h.-< and shelters the basal,
bladder-like swelling of the seminal duct, in which opens the
so-called prostatic duct. The distal joint is a stout and
comparatively short, feebly curved organ, the outer surface of
which is strongly convex and smooth, while the inner is deeply
excavated, thus offering some resemblance with a tablespoon.
The concavity is lined with a soft membrane. The seminal
duct is twisted above its basal swelling and is seen to wind its
way in the membranaceous lining of the distal joint, and to
open above the middle of the concavity of the joint. Ti-acheal
stalks normal, as in 7V/';/^y//////^s■.

Labral dimples 2 -\- 2. Pores opening in the pi-ozonite.

The Genus Afuntli'ml ux was created by (lervais^-^ with A.
hj((iiiril]ei, he (xuillou, as type specimen ; no detailed descrip-
tion of the sexual appendages has ever been given.

The same species has been redescribed by Iv Daday de
Dees under the name of S/iirolxiInx deufatiis^^ but the figures
given by the Hungarian scientist (PI. iii., figs. 6 and 7) only
j'epi'esent the anterif)i' gonopods and leave many particulars in
the dark.

The authori'^ endeavoured to analyse the copulatoi-y append-
ages of a similar species, J(vu/^////J/rv iiKiiiidniiii, Bouvier; but
the said species happens to belong to the genus J']nce)itni}io1its,
contemporaneouslv proposed bv Pocock^*^ foj' an I iHlian species,
J'j. tittindiis.

'» Gcrvais— Ann. Sc. Nat., Zool. (.'-), ii., 1S44.
1^ Daday— Term. Fiiz., \vi., 1S9;;, p. lOl.

'•''' Brolcmann — Lc ^cnrc Acantliii<liis, Ann. Soc. l-'ntoin.
France, Ixxii., 1903, p, 4(i!t-477, pi. viii.
'« Pocock— Ann. .Vlat^. Nat, Hist. (7), xii., 191).;, p. 5'28.

THK MYIUAPODA IX TIIR A I'STRAI.IAX MTsKUM l;i;()I,K M AW. 109

Tlie main dilVorencc between tlie two genera lie in the
i'ollowinq; pfirticalars : —

1st. Wliereas, in A('((iifJn'i(hiK, the joints of the posterior
gonopods are entirely free (movable) as in TriijoiiiulKx, in
EiicentrolKiJii,'!, both joints are fused together into a single piece,
in wliicli the place formerly occupied by the once existing
articulation is marked by oblique folds.

2nd. The posterior gonopods of Eiireiitrdlni] ii.-< ai'e poorly
cliitinized, compressed, sickle-shaped organs, not unlike the
similar organs of Epitrigouiultt^. On the contrary, in
Acanthi 111 IIS, they are stout and strongly cliitinized, spoon-
shaped organs, which can be compared to none of the known
gonopods of Spirobolids.

Another Indian species A. viiirraiji, originally ascribed to
Acanthi id II. -^^^ has later on been made the type of a third genus,
ruIijliKiiiiIiiIitis, by Pocock.^"^ To this Pocock was led by
Daday's statement that, in Ai'iintJiiidiis, the pores open in the
metazonite ; since this statement proves to be erroneous (as
will by seen hereafter), the validity of Pocock's genus has to
be tested anew, and this will only be possible when the male
of A. Diurraiji is known.

ACANTHIULUS BLAIN VILLEI, Le (InilloU, 1841.

(Plate XV., figs. 23-28).

Juliis JILtiiiriUei, Le Guillou, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1841,

p. 80; Gervais in Walckenaer, Hist. Nat. Ins. Apteres, iv.,

1847.
Crii/oiiiidKs Bhiiiiritlei, Silvestri, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.

Genova, xxxiv., 1894, p. 95.
SplrohoJus deiitatus, Daday, Loc. cit., 1898.
Acaiithiid lis ])Iaiiiri!lei, Gervais, Loc. cit., 1844; Bollman,

Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 46, 1893; Pocock, Loc. cit., 1893

and 1903 ; Bnilemann, Lnc. cit., 1903.

" Pocock— Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xi., ISB:], p. 136.
1^ Pocock — I8'<i'.'>, Loc, cit., p. 5ol.

110 KECORDS OP THE ArSTRALIAN MUSECJM.

(J mat. : length 125 m/m ; diariLetei' 10.50 m la ; 50 seg-
ments; one segment apodous ; 91 pair of leg.s.

3 juv. : length 95 m/m ; diameter 9.30 mm ; 50 segments ;
one segment apodous ; 91 pair of legs.

3 juv.: length 77 m/m : diameter 7.40 m/m ; 50 segments ;
four segments apodous ; 85 pair of legs.

The more striking characters of this species have already
been recorded by Gervais (Loc. cit., p. 70) and, more recentl}"
by Daday (Loc. cit., p. 101) to whom we are indebted for the
following diagnosis : —

" Mediocris, postice parum attenuatus ; colore nigrescenti,
" nitidens ; antennis collum parum superantibus, flavidis; facie
" rugoso, sulco mediano levi ; clypeo utrinque foveis duabus ;
" oculis e seriebus 6 ocellorum utrinque 38-40 compositis,
" ocellis evanescentibus ; collo margine inferiore angustata,
"postice producto angusteque rotundato, sulco marginali unico;
" segmentis 49, excepto coUo segmentoque ultimo, in margine
" postica rugosis,dentibusque 8 validiusculis coronatis; dentibus
" in superticie corporis tota in seriebus longitudinalibus 8
"ordinatis; scobinis niillis; segmento ultimo in pi'ocessu
" deplanato, parum producto, valvulas anales non superanti
" exeunte ; valvulis analibus compressis, late carinatis, carinis
"ferrugineo-nigrescentibus vel nigris ; fornininibus ropugna-
" toriis supra lineam medianam longitudiiiaU'in in annulo /.///m
" segmentoriim positis ; pedibus 91 paiibiis, fcri'iigineo-
" nigrescejitibus, articulo tai'sali spinis 4-5 validiusculis
" armato ; gnathocliilario oi'ganisque copulatoriis in tiguris 1,
" 6 et 7 Tabula^ 111 delineatis. Longit. coi-p. 145-150 m 'm,
" latit. maxim. 11-1:2 iii ni. Patria: Nova Guinea (Willu-lms-
" land)." 19

In the mature specimen examined, the liead is smooth,
shining ; the labral dimples are small, the two median dimples
stand nearer to one another tlian to tlie outer dimples. The
mandibular pleurae are angularly produced, without Hat im-
pressed surface.

'* The flj^Lircs referred to in the description have not been found
worthy of reproduction.

THE MYKIAPOHA in the Al'STnAMAN MUSEUM liRcU.EMANN. Ill

Space between the eyes once and a lialf the diameter of an
eye; ocelli 50, in eight rows (9+9+8+7+6+5+4+2).
Antennffi rather long", reacliiny tlie postei'ior mai'gin of the fii'st
segment, slightly thickened distally ; the three proximal joints
naked, the following gi-adually more pilose. Last joint tipped
with four sensory cones remote from one another. Micrometrical
measurements of joints : 1st joint 0.946 m/m; 2nd, 1.849 m/m ;
3i-d, 1.376 m/m ; 4th, 1,333 m/m ; 5th, 1.247 m/m ; 6th,
1.075 m/m; 7th and 8th, 0.172 m/m ; total length 7.998 m/m.
Diameter of 2nd joint 0.860 m/m ; of 6th 0.989 m/m.

Anterior part of prozonite with concentric sulci ; on the
posterior part, the oblique strife are very fine and their lower
margin is raised into a tiny ridge. The metazonites are said
to bear eight strong teeth, which is correct for the posterior
half of the body ; but, on the anterior half, the main ridges are
less regular and may number ten on the first segments, and,
further back, nine (in this case, the odd ridge stands on the
median dorsal line). Between the main ridges, minor irregular
ridges are to be seen, very conspicuous on segments two to
five and gradually decreasing backwards. Sutural sulcus
obsolete dorsally, distinct below the pores though not strongly
marked. The space immediately in front of the suture, in the
dorsal region, is coarsely punctured ; it is widely depressed so
as to give rise, on the prozonite, to an abrupt ridge ; this was
mistaken by Daday for the suture and led him to erroneously
state that the pores open in the metazonite. Pores beginning
on the sixth segment, standing high in the sides, very small,
pierced in the middle of a somewhat raised spot, in front of
the suture.

The produced marginal angle of the last segment conceals
the upper angles of the valves, but does not exceed the level of
their outer margins ; it is somewhat compressed laterally,
slightly raised and separated from the rest of the segment by a
deep wrinkle. Anal sternite very wide and very short, with
almost straight posterior margin.

On all legs, the coxfe are slightl}- produced and rounded, the
following two joints are compressed latei-ally and ridged below.
Tarsi padded. Joints, except the last, with but one distal
bristle below.

112 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAX MUSTL'M.

Copulatory apj)eudages : — Anterior gonopods (PL xv., figs.,
23, 24), with ventral plate slightly expanded proximad, sinuate
above and ending in two diverging, blunt horns ; its lateral
expansions (f.) are curled back around the base of the organ
and meet the tracheal stalk (ts.) in a line on the posterior
surface. Coxofemoral plate (rf.) almost entirely exposed, as
long as the ventral plate, ending in a widely rounded angle.
Tibial plate (T.) irregularly circular or ti-iangular, entirely
lodged in the posterior excavation of the coxofemur ; distal
inner angle thickened and folded backwards; its proximal inner
angle shows a sub-triangular, translucent, shrivelled-surfaced
field, the meaning of which could not be ascertained.

Posterior gonopods (PI. xv., figs. 25, 26), two-jointed.
Proximal joint with its proximal and inner edges thickened
and strongly chitinized, borne on an elongate and slender,
distally widening tracheal stalk. Distal joint strongly chiti-
nized ; its sides are folded inwai'ds, the inner surface being
deeply excavated, wherefrom the joint gains its resemblance
to a spoon. The hollowed surface is lined with membrane,
forming an undulated crest in which opens the distal end of
the seminal duct. The proximal end of the latter is swollen,
bladder-like (bl.) and .strongly twisted immediately above the
swelling, where it crosses over from the proxiinal to tlie distal
joint of the apparatus.

Three male specimens from New (luinea.

(li'iins Spirostrophus, SdK^x. mnl Zclmfii., 1902.

Saussure and Zehntner-*^ have deemed it necessary to create
a sub-genus of 'rriiioultilii-'', termed Sjiiro!<fn>j>liii.<, for the
reception of two species. A generic value has since been
assigned to it by Attems.^i

SpiruslruiiJiiis differs from Trii/oiiiiiliifi in having the tarsi of
the male not padded and the coxte of the third to fifth pair
])rovided with processes. The Australian species has, therefore,
to be ascribed to the former genus. Yet SpirostropJnis seems
to lack the necessary homogeneity, as, in one of the species

2" Saussure and Zehntner — In Grandidicr, Hist. Phys. Nat. ct
Polit. Madaj^ascar, 1897-1901'.

-i Attcms — Myriopodcn in Vocltzkow, Rcisc in OstafiiUa, 19()3-
J905, 1910, p. 91.

TIIK MVIJIAI'dl'A 1\ rilK Al'Sl'KAl.IAN Ml'SKUM I;1;()M':m ANN. 118

meutiouuil l)y the said authors, S. rii/irijic!^, the seiuiiial duct of
the posterior gonopds is said to end in a pseudo-flag'ellum,
which is Avaiiting in S. vari'sl, tl)e type specimen. Moreover,
it is still uncertain it' the cliai-acters chosen to distinLTuish the
said genus are of positive generic value. Nevertheless, it
seems highly prohable that the known Australian 'i'l-igoniulids
have to be isolated from 7V/;/^;^'/^//^^• in a distinct genus, the
characters of which have still to be tested.

Spiuostkoi'iius dkutulus, Kp. nov.
(Plate xv.,Hgs. 27-29 ; Plate xvi., tigs. 30-32; with Figs. 28, 29).

(J mat.: length 55 m/m ; diameter 3.70 m/ni ; 50 segments ;
one segment apodous ; 91 pair of legs.

(J mat. : length 56 m/m ; diameter 3.80 m/m ; 54 segments ;
one segment apodous ; 99 ])air of legs.

9 mat.: length 56 m/m; diameter 4 m/m; 52 segments;
one segment apodous ; 95 pair of legs.

2 mat.: length 55 m/m; diameter 4 m/m; 53 segments;
one segment apodous ; 97 pair of legs.

Pour specimens from Fraser Island, Queensland.

9 mat. : length 69 m/m ; diameter 4.40 m/m; 54 segments ;
one segment apodous ; 103 pair of legs.

$ mat. ; length QQ m/m; diameter 4.40 m/m; 55 segments;
one segment apodous ; 105 pair of legs.

Two specimens from Condamine, Queensland.

Colour, a dark blackish-brown ; the anterior part of pro-
zonite (as far as exposed when the animal is curled up) ochre-
yellow ; the posterior margin-orange red. Legs and antennse
orange-yellow.

Head, smooth and shining, leathery along the posterior
niargi]). Labral dimples four. Median sulcus thin in front,
faint backwards, obsolete between the antennae. Eyes rounded,
divided by a space not twice the diameter of an eye; ocelli
small, flattened yet distinct, arranged in seven to eight more
or less curved series, from 5, 7, 8, 7, 6, 5, 2 = 40 to 8, 8, 8, 7,
6, 5, 3 = 45. Antennae short, scarcely reaching beyond the
middle of the 6rst segments. The four proximal joints almost
naked ; fifth with but few distal setae ; sixth more pilose ; last

I

11-4 KECORPS OF THE AUSTRALIAN .MUSEUM.

joint witli fleecy hairs and fuui* sensory cones. Micrometrical
measurements of joints : 1st joint 0.416 m/m; 2nd, 0.640 ni/ni ;
3rd, 0.480 ni/m; 4tli, 0.480 na/m ; 5th, 0.480 m/m; 6th,
0.608 m/m ; 7th and 8th, 0.032 m/m ; total length, 3.136
m/m. Diameter of 2nd joint 0.384 m/m ; of 6th, 0.480 m/m.

First segment almost leathery. Sides reaching as far down
as the second segment, narrowed and angular with blunt apex ;
the anterior margin excised and margined below the eyes,
marginal sulcus well marked. The five following segments
Avith ventral surface depressed and roughly striate. Anterior
part of prozonite smooth or with hardl}^ distinct concentric
striae. On a few anterior segments, the posterior part of the
prozonite shows transverse striae which, on a level with and
below the pores, are bent backwards and encroach on the
metazonite. Further back (PI. xvi., fig. 30) the transvei-se
dorsal stria? disappear, the prozonite being widely strewn with
delicate horse-shoe-shaped punctures, always larger along the
suture ; traces of the strife remain below the pores and venter ;
complete longitudinal striae are only seen low down above the
legs. Metazonite densely covered with minute longitudinal
strise, less distinct backwards. Suture indistinct between the
pores, impressed and more or less clearly sulcate in the sides
and venter. Pores start on the sixth segment; they are located
high in the sides and on the prozonite; a longitudinal sulcus is
seen on the metazonite in connection with the pore.

Last segment leathery, its posterior margin angularly pi'o-
duced, the angle being wide open and not concealing the upper
angles of the valves. The latter are nioderately prominent,
rather globular at the base, slightly impressed ; margins not
thickened and without trace of marginal sulcus. Anal sternite
wide and very short, with almost straight transverse posterior
mai'gin. Sterna of the other segments striate, more strongly
in the middle. Stigmatn small.

Legs shoi'tish, with but one distal bristle below on the five
proximal joints.

Male: — Jjegs of the tii-st and second pair swollen. Coxa? of
the 3rd and 4th j)air witli a strongly developed, distally
rounded, spatulate (3rd pair, PI. xxi., fig. 31) or bead-like,
(4th pair, Pi. xvi., tig. 32) process ; 2nd and 3i'(l joint of the

TIIK MVIvlAINil^A l\ I'lll': Al'STK-AlJAN MUSKIIM liK()l,KM ANN. 115

fill lowing- legs loiirritudinally grooved below. Tai-si not
|)ii(l(le(l. Seventh .segment swollen ventrad, but wiiliout i-aised

inarLj'ili.

Copulatofy ap])endag'es (PI. xv., fig's 27, 28) : — Tlie ventral
[ilnte of the antevior gonopods (V.) appears on the antei'ior
surface, as a transverse arched band, the ends of which are
curled back and expand around the basis of tlie posterior sui'-
face of the organ ; the centre of the band is produced into a
narrow, almost parallel sided plate, with moderately swollen
l)ase, tipped with a sub-triangular piece, the angles of which
;ife rounded ; on the posterior surface the ends of the band
meet the tracheal stalk (fs.) which are angularly directed up-
wards and ill wards ; the tracheal stalks are bent at right angles,
not unlike a pickaxe, their upper angles leaning against the in-
ner angle of the femur as well as against the middle of the
base of the tibia. The distal process of the coxa is slender,
digitiform, somewhat longer than the ventral plate ; no
endoskeletic process exists proximally. The femur (Fern.) is a
broad, triangular, globular plate, sitting partly on the curled
exjiansion of the ventral plate, partly on the outer branch of
the tracheal stalk ; its outer edge is fused as usual with the
coxal expansion ; its distal edge is emarginate. The tibia (T.)
is a conspicuously developed triangular piece, the base of which
is very broad ; it articulates with the distal edge of the femur
on its outer half only, the inner half remaining free. The dis-
tal plate of the tibia is considerably enlarged so as to conceal
the largest part of the tibia; it extends far beyond the ventral
plate and the coxal process ; its outer margin is sinute and its
apex rounded.

Posterior gonopods (PI. xv., fig. 29) composed of two joints
placed at right angles. The basal joints of both gonopods are
connected by an elastic bridge, the rigid ends of which hem
inwardly the basal joints of the gonopods and meet the long
and slender tracheal stalk. The basal joint shelters the usual
bladder-like swelling (d.) of the seminal duct and its strongly
t\visted proximal part. The distal joint is elongate and con-
stricted in the middle, where traces of an articulation may be
seen along the outer edge (x.) ; the proxi«ial half is gradually
tapei^ing from the base, and shows a rounded swelling along
its inner edge ; the distal half is formed of two parallel
lamella3 the sliape of which will be seen in PI. xv., fig. 29.

116 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

It is not easy to decide if the present species is distinct from
Tri(jnniidns biirnettiruff, Attejns,^- as nothing is known of the
sexual characters of the latter form, the type of which is a
female. Attems' species seems to be larger.

Also Triguniuhiif c.onn)ia, Attems, ^^ {g only known from a
female specimen ; but the diameter is considerably larger and
the description of the integuments do not correspond with those
of S. diyitidi(s.

S. diijifiihi^ probably bears much resemblance to Tn'iji»iii(h(s
taryioiiii, Silvestri, but may be readily distinguished by the
presence on the pi'ozonite, of the horse-shoe-shaped punctures,
and by the shape of the first pair of copulatoiy appendages.

Silvestri's description is as follows-* : —

" Triijoniulns taryimiii, sp. n. Q Color fusco-rufus, margine
" postico somitorum, capite, antennis pedibusque rufo-pallidis.
" Caput laevigatum, medium sulco in facie interrupto, circa
" labrum poris 2 -f- 2. Oculi subcirculares ocellis c. 20 sat
" distinctis. Antennae articulo sexto longiore et crassiore,
"collum non superantes. Somita : collum lateribus angustatis
" antice emarginatis, postice fere recte truncatis ; somita
" coetera tota laevigata sub poi'is tautum ante suturam striis
" nonnullis. Fori permagni. Soniitum anale cauda vix
" angulata valvulasanales non superante, valvulis immargiiiatis,
"sternito lato triangulari. Pedes sat breves. (^ Pedes 1-2
" paris iiicrassati, infra spinosi ; pedes paris 3-4 articulo prinio
" pj'ocessu magno interne recte truncato, externe rotundato
" acuto, pedes paris 5 articulo primo processu parvo instructo.
" Organum copulativum (fig. 28) lamina ventrali lamina antica
" vix longiore, lamina postica magis breviore apica triangulari
" par internum (fig. 29). Somitorum numerus 52 . Long. corp.
"ni/m 70; lat. corp. m/m 6. Hah. Cairns (Queensland)."

22 Attems — In Scmon, Zool. Forschungsrciscn in Australien, 1898
p. 513.

-3 Attems — Luc. cit., p. 513.

-'* Silvestri— Bull. Soc. Hntom. Ital., xxix., 1S97, p. 229.

TUK MYKIAIH.I.A LN TllK AUSTRALIAN M USKUM — UKOl.KMANN.

117

I

Fig. 28.

Vxa. 29.

Geint.'^ 8j)irobolellus, Focock, 1894.

Pocock 1894; Silvestri, 1895. Nee. Brolemann, 1902 =
EpHriqn,>}idH, ; nec Attems, 1907, 1910 = PseadospinA^olellm ;
nee P(>eock, 1898, Biol. Ceutr. Amer.

This generic division was proposed by Pocock in 1894,2^
with the following diagnosis : —

-Eyes large, sub-eireular, widely separated. Antennae
" short, 1st segment as large as the 2nd (? always). 1 rontal
"sulcus weak. Labral pores 4 + 4. Collum large, extend-
"ius laterally as low as the second. The transverse sulcus
"obsolete at least dorsally, its place taken by a groove which
"is sinuated in front of the pore and gives the appearance
" described as the pore being situated behind the sulcus ; the
"area behind the groove elevated. Sterna striate. Scobma
"absent (? always). Last segment of the legs not padded in
"the male. Type ,S'. chrij^oJiriis, nov."

Seven species were listed herein, but no description of copu-
latory appendages was given. Four more.^^.feswe^j added
by Prof Silvestri,26 in 1895 without any mention^ of sexual
characters. Reference was made by the author^^ and by

■^■> Pocock— In Weber, Reisc in NiedcrUindish Ost-Indien, 1894, p.

QQQ

2« Silvestri-Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova (2), xiv., pp. 758-760.
27 Brolemann-Zool. Anz., xxvi., 1902, No. 691, p. 180.

118 RECOEr-S OF THE AUSTRALIAN JIUSEUM.

xlttems-*^ and Woeltzkow^^ but both references proved to be
erroueous. Brolemanu's S. crKOifatits became the type species
of Epitrigoiiiuhi-'^, and Attems' ;S'. hulbiferus was made the
representative of anew genus, Ft^eiidospiroJ/uleJlits, by Carl.so

Carl adds to our knowledge of SiiiroJioleUiix, particularly by
means of excellent figures-^^ the general features of which cor-
respond with the copulatory appendages of the New South
Wales species described hereafter. The examination of the
latter affords the following complimentary details: —

Primary characters : — Copulatory appendages (PI. xvi., figs.
35-38). Tracheal stalk (tf.) of anterior gonopods directed in-
wards, as in Ehi}iocyicus. Coxae produced proximally into long
and slender endoskeletic rods (esJr.). Femur not covering any
portion of the posterior surface of the organ ; when the latter
is viewed from the posterior surface, the femur is seen as a
narrow external pad (Feui.) ; its posterior, concave surface is
almost entirely concealed by the tibia (T.)^ which realises a
development unrecorded in any other genus, being in contact
proximally with the tracheal stalk, whilst its apex reaches or
overreaches the summit of all the other parts of the organ.

Posterior gonopods entirely independent, somewhat simihii'
to t\\oiie oi Fseudospirohuh'lht.<, but comparatively wider, com-
pressed, poorly chitinized, witli a short inner process ; coxal
joint not distinct. The seminal duct exists, being an open
groove (PI. xvi., (?., fig. 38) provided distally with an open,
oval, bladder-like swelling (hi.), the largest diameter of which
is transverse ; the duct is bent at a right angle, immediately
above the swelling, but is not twisted, and opens distally at the
root of the inner process. The ventral ])late of posterior gono-
pods could ]iot be traced.

Secondary characters: — First and second pair of ambulatory
legs of male incrassate but without special features ; coxa? of
the following pairs, up to the seventh, more or less produced
(PI. xvi., fig. 34) ; tarsi not padded. Antennae tipped with

28 Attems— Miltcil. naturf. Mus. HamlnirK, xxiv., 1907, p. K^l.

29 Wocltzkow— Hcisc in Ost-Afrika, iii., 1910, p. 92.
3" Carl— Revue Suisse Zool., xx., 1912, p. 1(S7.

^' Carl — Loc. cit., ligs. 25 to L'7.

THE .MVi:iAINtl>A IN THR Al'STKAl.lAN Ml'SKf.M KKttl.K.M A N N. 119

fonr sensory cones. Cap of r^natliooliilaiMum with its median
plate rounded backwards (not forked). Second joint of man-
dibiila with its dorsal expansion almost loose. The remaindei-
as in Pocock's diagnosis.

In this genus, the copulatory appendages show a quite
unusual structure. Most striking are the presence of the
proximal endoskeletic process of the coxse of anterior gonopods,
and the growth of the tibia. Such features agree with no
other genus, except perhaps Faraspiroholus.

The description of the latter genus^^ is evidently erroneous
and imperfect ; erroneous, while the coxae of anterior gonopods
have undoubtedly been mistaken for the posterior gonopods,
owing to the resemblance of their endoskeletic process with a
tracheal stalk ; imperfect, while the postei-ior gonopods have
been overlooked. Yet it is not likely that both genera should
be synonymical, as Paranjyiroboliis is said to possess only 2 -|-
2 labral dimples (instead of 4 -)- 4) and as the tibia ap])ears to
be larger still than in Sjjii'oholeUn!^.

Turning to Pocock's genus, it is to be mentioned that a
seminal duct and a bladder exist in the posterior gonopods,
but these are different from the similar organs of Trigonitiliis,
for instance, in being simply open grooves. It is by no means
surprising that they should have escaped Carl's attention as
they are scarcely more chitinized than the gonopods them-
selves, and coiild only be detected by using oblique light.

Spikobolellus rainbowi, sjj. nor.
(Plate xvi., figs. 33-38).

(a) S mat. : length 40 m/m ; diameter 3.50 m/m ; 44 seg-
ments ; three segments apodous ; 75 pair of legs.

(b) $ mat. : length 51 m/m ; diameter 4.50 m/m ; 44 seg-
ments ; one segment apodous ; 81 pair of legs.

(c) ? mat. ; length 43 m/m ; diameter 4.30 m/m ; 47 seg-
ments ; two segments apodous ; 85 pair of legs.

(d) 9 mat. : length ?; diameter 4.50 m/m ; 45 segments ;
two segments apodous ; 81 pair of legs.

(e) 2 mat. : length 42 m/m ; diameter 4 m/m ; 44 seg-
ments ; two segments apodous ; 79 pair of legs.

»•- Brolcmann — Rev. Mus. Paulista, v., lyoi, p. 183.

120 RECORDS OK TUK AUSTRALIAN .MUSEUM.

Black, witli a narrow yellow margin around the first terguni
and along- tlie postei-ior edj^e of each segment, and with a yellow
transverse band across the anal valves, the upper and the lower
angles of the valves remaining of the dark ground colour.*^
Legs blackisli brown.

Head smooth and shining even on the upper lip, which bears
eight setiferous dimples ; of these, the two median and the two
external stand more closely together. The median sulcus is
distinct on the upper lip, but soon dies out before reaching the
level of the antennae, and is scarcely recognisable on the top of
the head. PJyes standing wide apai't, the space being about
two a-nd a half to three times the largest diameter of an eye.
Ocelli congregated on a sub-triangular field, nineteen to twenty-
seven in number ( 5 -|- 6 -j- 5 -f 3 :^ 7 -[- 8 -|-'6 -|- "^ + 2)-
Antennal fossa? shallow, the outer margin of the head being but
feebly swollen. Antenna? very short, not reachiugthe posterior
margin of first tergite ; the three proximal joints almost naked,
the distal joints more and more densely clothed with shoi't
setfe. Some minute sensory rods exist along the upper distal
margin ; four sensory cones at the end. Micrometrical meas-
urements of joints : 1st joint 0.344- m/m ; '2nd, 0.387 m/m ;
3rd, 0.301 m/m ; 4th, 0.258 m/m ; 5th, 0.344 m/m ; 6th, 0.387
ra/m ; 7th and 8th, 0.107 m/m ; total length, 2.128 m/m.
Diameter of 2nd joint, 0.322 m/m ; of 6th, 0.365 in/m.

First tei'gite nearly smooth, moderately shining ; its sides
somewhat produced, perpendicular, slightly narrowed and
romided laterally, with a pre-marginal sulcus along the anterior
and the Intei-al niai'giiis ; no transverse sulci.

Following segnienis rafhci' less shining, though lacking
distinct sculpture. The dorsal jiart is entirely destitute of
transverse suture ; it may scaicely be said to be depressed be-
low the pores, where, sometimes (on dried specimens), a
shadowy gray line is to be witnessed dividing the pro- from the
metazonite. Dorsally, the former is adoi-ned with dainty horse-
shoe-shaped punctures opened backwaids (PI. xvi., fig. 33);
these grow larger sidewa^'s and, below the ])ores, transform
into irregularly arched, oblique striae which gradually encroach
upon the metazouite and even cross it entirely on tlie ventral

^s Tliis IxiikI is niissiny in one of tlic female specimens.

THK MYHIAPODA IX THK AUSTRALIAN' MUSRUM l!l!(')I,KMANN. 121

surface. The inetazonite is smootli dorsally. Poi-cs voiy
small, besriniiing on the sixtli zoiiite and located in cunlm-l with
and behind what lias to be considoi'ed as Ihc (ransvei'se suture.
No hni<>^itudinal suU-us is seen on a level with the pore.

Last segment with postciioc uijirgin t'cehlv proiluced, cut
into a short and very wide angle, the rounded a])ex of
which covers the dorsal angles of the valves, though falling
short of the level of their posterior margins. Valves protruded,
rather flattened, naked and smooth ; mai'gins not compressed
and destitute of any pre-marginal sulcus, joining so as to give
rise to a distinct, sharp groove. Anal sternite with straight,
transverse posterior margin. Sterna of other segments covered
with fine, dense transverse wi-inkles. Stigmata sub-triangular,
small.

Legs short, with one ventral bristle on each joint, except the
last, which bears two ; claw long, slender, acute, curved in the
anterior legs.

Male : — Legs of first and second pair incrassate, but without
any special particulars. Coxjb of the legs three to seven tipped
with a feebly developed, thick, square [trotuberance (PI. xvi.,
fig. 34). Tarsi not padded.

Copulatory appendages : — Anterior gonopods (PI. xvi., figs.
85, 36) : ventral plate (V.) triangular, with upraised, sinuate
lateral margins and a notched summit. Tracheal stalk (fs.)
long and slender. Coxa angularly produced distad beyond the
end of the ventral plate, and endiiig proximally in a long
endoskeletic rod (ckJ,-.), as long as the tracheal stalk and of a
similar appearance. Femora (Fein.) fused, as usual with the
coxa along its entire inner maigin, concealed on the posterior
surface by the tibia (T.) which reaches as far down as the
root of the tracheal stalk and notably exceeds distally the apex
of the coxal expansion.

Posterior gonopods (PI. xvi., figs. 37, 38) entirely independ-
ent, blade-like, slightly arched, with traces of articulation (.r.)
beyond its distal two-thirds, along the outer margin. Tlie inner
margin is lamellar with three tooth-like processes; one of them
(a.) stands about in the middle of the concavity, the second
(h.) opposite the trace of of articulation and the third (c.) more
triangular, beyond the second. Seminal groove (d.) short,

122 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

provided proximally with an oval bladder (JiL), the long axis
of which is transverse ; immediately beyond the bladder, the
groove is angularly crooked and directed towards the base of
the first inner pi-ocess. Being rather shallow, tliis groove is
difficult to observe. Tracheal stalk long, slender, curved near
its end.

One male and four female specimens from Mount Sassafras,
Shoalhaven.

Ge)ius Dinematocricus, yen. noc.
Primary characters: — Gronopods as in EhinncricH^, with the
difference that the distal joint of the posterior pair ends in
one or two, more or less flagelliform, always gradually taper-
ing processes (PI. xvii., fig. 55 ; PI. xviii., figs. 63, 69).

Secondary characters : — Labral setiferous dimples 2 -|- 2.
Mentum not divided. Antennse usual}' short. First somite
with rounded sides, falling short of the second somite. Scobina
present or missing. Pores located in the prozonite, close to
the transverse suture, which is more or less marked and may
fail entirely. Last tergite generally not overreaching the upper
angles of the anal valves. Sterna transversly striate. vStigmata
small. Legs short, usually destitute of setee except near their
distal ends ; usually padded in the male.

Type species — Dhieiiiaforricas laiiceohil iif^, sp. nov.

The representatives of tliis genus are very numerous; they
have hitherto been listed amongst the llJiiiiocrici, with which
they have, indeed, the most striking i-esemblance. It has been
found necessary to separate them generically on account of the
primary character lecorded above. Whereas, in liliiinirrictis,
the outer brancli of the posterior gcmopod gradually grows
wider distally, being truncate at the apex, with more or less
acute angles, in Dlveviafnrn'nif:, this same branch is graduU}'
tapering from tlie base, flagelliform or, very seldom (only three
aberrant cases known), digitifoi-m. Moi-eover, the seminal
duct seems to have a peculiar sti'ucture ; in lihinocn'cl, it is
known to be located in tlie inner branch, ahing the edge facing
tlie outer bi-anch, and to be a gi'oove the lips of which are
scarcely developed and pi'cssed tiglit one against the ottioi- ; a
sectioTi cut through tlie bi-anch shows tlie duct to be ciicular.
Ill I iiiifiiiiiliicrlcii.<, the duct is siiiiilinly located, but its lips are
larger, mor(< lamellar and appear less tightly fitted together

THE MYRIAPOUA IN THE AUSTKAMAN' MUSEUM IiH()LEMANN. 123

(1>. hiiJosericcK.'^, I>. laiiri'nhthix, PI. xviii., tiu'. <)1) ; of even the
branch seems to bo ribbon-shaped on its wliole len<j;t.h (D.
fulcatus, D. caviiiatiix). It lias not l)een I'omnl appropi'iate to
make use of these structures until theii' constancy shall have
been verified on some larger material ; they are mentioned here
in order to draw the attention of specialists to this interesting
point.

As far as can be understood from the descriptions issued by
preceding authors, the species belonging to Vinenmtocricus are
prevalent in the islands east of the Sunda Archipelago. Most
of the Jilnwifrici of the Celebes Islands recently described by
Dr. Carl (1912) undoubtedly belong to the new genus ; many
more are known to inhabit tiie Moluccan Archipelago, the Kei
and Aru Islands, the Australian continent and to reach as far
east as Fiji ; a single species, so far as known, is recorded from
America, viz., Bhhiocricm cdiiJidnx, Newport ; and even this
has to be held as an aberrant form, on account of its pre-anal
segment being provided with a conspicuous spiniform process.

It has been found necessary to divide the new genus into
three sub-genera, according to the presence or absence of the
inner branch of the posterior gonopods, and to its ])osition.

The sub-genus Diiiciinilucririix, sensit strii-tii, will include such
species in which the distal joint of the posterior gonoi)ods is
divided into two flagelliform (or at least gradually tapering)
branches, the distance between the proximal swelling of the
joint and the root of the inner branch being about equal to the
length of the latter.

The sub-genus (Jladiscocriciis will be represented by the sole
type species D. (C.) falcatus, in which the inner biunch of the
distal joint of posterior gono{)ods starts immediately above the
proximal swelling.

The third sub-genus, A('la<hicrica.^, which might perhaps as
well be given generic value, will be made to contain
species similar to E. pi/rrholumK, Attems (chosen as type), of
which the posterior gonopods are composed of a single flagelli-
form branch, the inner branch missing. 'No further reference
will be made to this third sub-genus, of which no representative
was found in the collection of the Australian Museum. It
would be highly interesting to know where, in such case, ends

124

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

the seminal dnct, to which no author has ever alluded. The
great ma jority of the species of Achulom'cKs inhabit the Celebes
Archipelag-o.

In order to avoid repetition in exposing, after each description,
the relationship of the new species with the forms already
known, the species have been divided into four groups, ac-
cording to regions, and an attempt has been made to tabulate
them. Thus the tables are four in number, corresponding to
the following areas : — I., Continental Australia ; II., New
Guinea; III., Bismarck Archipelago (including New Britain
and New Ireland) to the Solomon Islands ; IV., Fiji. The
tables will be found at the end of the present memoir.

DiNEMATOCKicus (Cladiscocricus) FALCATUS (Silvestri, 1897).
(Plate xvi., figs. 29-44 ; with Figs. 30, 31).

IihiiKirn'ciifi falcatus, Silvestri, 1897, Abh. Ber. K. Zool.
Mus. Dresden, '1896-1897, vi.. No. 9, p. 6.

Prof. Silvestri's description runs thus : —

" (J : Color brunneo-rufescens totus. Caput totuni laeviga-
" turn. Antennge ? Oculi subcirculares, ocellis distinctis c.
"40. Somita : collum lateribus sat angustatis, rotundatis ;
" somita coetera tota laevia, subtus tantum striis nonnullis.
" Scobina in somitis 9-ad penultima. Somitum praeanale cauda
" acuta, valvula anales vix vix superante. Somitum anale
" valvulis parum compressis, sternito ti'iangulari, apice acuto.
" Pedes paris 3-5 articulo primo processu sat longo et lato aucto.
" Organ um copulativum : par anticum (fig. 30) lamina antica
'• niinoi'e longitudine quam ilia laterum, apice minus attenuato,
" par internum (fig. 31) processu longo falciformi constituto,
" ad basim processu parvo acuto auctnm. Somitotum numerus
"53. Long. Corp. mm. 67; lat. coi'p. mm. 7. Hab. Nova
" Hollrindia : ({avndah."

Fig. 30.

FiiJ. 31.

rilK MVKlAI'dhA l\ TIIK A I'S TK'A 1,1 A \ Ml'SKI'M l!K()|,K M A \ N. 125

Oil iR'couiit (iF some (litfereiices lueutioiied licreafter, the
Gayiidali speciineiis have been considered as a distinct sub-
species, foi" which the name of scohiniild sub-s]). iiov. is proposed.

(a) J mat.: length 70 in m ; diameter 6.50 m/m ; 56
segments; one segment apodous ; 103 pair of legs.

(b) $ mat.: length 77 in/m; diameter 7.50 m/m; 55
segments ; one segment apodons ; 103 pair of legs.

(layndah, Queensland.

Chestnut, with darker metazonite. l^egs and antennte
chestnut.

Head smooth, shining, with four subequidistant labral dim-
ples ; median sulcus almost obsolete. Eyes rounded, divided
by two-and-a-half times the diameter of one of them ; ocelli
small, distinct, arranged in 6-7 series to 9-}-10-|-9-j-8-j-8-(-5 =
■49 to 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 8 + 5 + 1 = 50. Antenna very short,
reaching the middle of the following segment, wide apart, the
distance between the sockets ("2.50 m/m) equal to more than
the length of the four proximal joints. The three basal joints
almost naked, the following gradually more pilose; four sensory
cones. Micrometrical measurements of the joints: 1st joint
0.602 m/m ; 2nd, 0.688 m/m ; 3rd, 0.559 m/m ; 4th, 6.559
m/m ; 5th, 0.516 m/m ; 6th, 0.473 m/m ; 7th and 8th, 0.086
m/m; total length 3.483 m/m. Diameter of 2nd joint 0.537
m/m ; of 6th, 0.516 m/m.

Mandibular stem of male with the anterior angle acute,
directed downwards.

First segment falling a good way short of the ventral surface
of the second ; surface almost smooth dorsally, ]e«.s so on the
sides ; anterior margin straight, sides rounded or with a faint
ti'ace of a rounded angle. Marginal sulcus moderatelv long,
scarcely reaching the inferior level of the corresponding eve.
Seci)nd segment flattened and sulcate on the ventral surFace,
the sides (if which are rounded, or even somewhat swollen.

Scobina from about the ninth to about the twenty-second
segment very small, the tirst and the fourth to fifth last are
dot-like ; it is (accidentally ?) missing on the seventeenth
segment. The distance between the dimples equal to about
eight times the diameter of one of them. Dimples sub-cii-cular,
with smooth bottom ; the striate area scarcely as long as the
dimple, rounded, with very few sti'ife.

12B KHCORDS OF THE AfSTHALlAN MCSEl'M.

Anterior zone of the prozonite partly covered with irreg-alar
transverse striae ; posterior zone strewn witli extremely fine,
somewhat elongate punctures : metazonite still less distinctly
sculptured, yet bearing along the suture some more strongly
marked punctures ; a few deep punctui'es also stand in fi'ont
of the suture. Sutural sulcus almost obsolete dorsally, distinct
elsewhere, crossed, on a level with the pore, by a longitudinal
sulcus more shallow on the pro- than on the metazonite.
Pores stai'ting on tlie sixth segment, small, located high up in
the sides, near the suture and beh)W the above-mentioned
longitudinal sulcus. The usual oblique and longitudinal sulci
are only to be seen low down in the sides and above the legs,
lower still in the postei-ior half than in the anterior half of the
liody.

Posterior margin of last segment produced into a very short
conic, acute process just reaching over the superioi- angles of
the valves. The latter are not prominent, modei-ately globular,
scarcelv depressed, with rounded margins and without any
trace of pre-mai-ginal sulcus. Anal sternite triangular, its
length about two fifths of its breadth at the base : sides
straight, apex cut at a right angle. Sternites of the <ither seg-
ments transversely sulcate. Stigmata small.

FiCgs short (about ;^.50 ni m). i»iit with one distal l)fistle
below on the five pi'oxiuial joints.

Male : — Anterior pair of legs thickened but without tarsjil
pads. Second joint of the second pair showing inwardlv a
Battened sniface giving i-ise to a sharj) posterior edge. Coxap
of the third, fourth and fifth pair tipped with a hnig, but
gradually decreasing digitiform process (PI. xvi., fig. 89), the
end of which is more or less rounded ; besides, the second joint
of the same legs is inoi-e or less warted below. Venti'al
margin of the seventh segment produced into a transverse
thickened edge, notched mesiMlly in frtnit.

Copuiatory apj)endages : — .Vnterior gonopods (PI. .xvi.. tigs.
40, 41) ; basal part of the venti'al plate I'onghly hexagonal ;
proximal margin sti-aight, angles cut off diagonaly, anterior-
lateral sides sti-aight. The distal pait is a linguiform process,
lono-er than the base. siTT-aduiillv narrowed, with straiirht sides

TIIK .MVi;iAl'01>.\ l.\ I'Hi; AlSTItAMAN Ml'SKI'M l;UOI,K M A NX . 1"27

and romuletl end. 'V\\e coxal expansions (rax.) remain com-
pletely exposed ; tliey are cut oft' at riglit aiij?Ies distally and
fall short of the summit of the ventral plate. I'roximal
eiidoskeletic* process (rak.) long, spahilate. Femui' (Fi'm.)
wide ; tibia (T.) in a line with the femur, short, conic, with a
transverse undulate fold in the middle of the posterior surface
('I, PI. xvi., fig. 41), and a sub-quadrangular apical plate with
rounded angles, about half as long as the stem of the tibia ;
the apical ]>lates I'each with all their length beyond the apex
of the ventral plate. Posterior basal plate (r. 2.) very nai-row,
linguifoi-m. twice as long as bi-oad, with rounded a])ex.

Posterioi' gonopods (PI. xvi., Hy. 4<"J) two-jointed. Proximal
joint comparatively long; tr-acheal stalk long and slender.
Second joint arched, oval in section in its basal two thirds,
lamellar distally, the lamellar |)art being scarcely enlarged
proximad and gradually tapering endwards. A short, sti-aight,
acute, inner branch is seen to start immediately above the
rounded expansion of the base of the joint. The seminal duct
seems to end at the root of the inner branch.

The female specimen shows scobinas from the ninth to the
twenty-foui'th zonite ; the diin])les are as wide apart as in the
male, but the small dimples are a trifle more crescentic. The
ocelli stand in five rows (9-|- lO-|-9-(-8-p5 = 41) on one side
and six rows (94-9+9 + ^+^+^ = ^6) ^^^ tlie other. The
anal sternite is uot as neatly triangular, the apex is rounded,
as if worn off. Colour, chestnut as in the male.

One more female specimen exists in the Australian Museum,
collected at the same locality, (Tayndah, Queensland.

2 mat.: length 72 m/in; diameter 7.50 m/m; 54 segments;
one apodous ; 101 pair of legs. It has a uniform greenish-
black colour. The face is slightly wrinkled; the median sulcus
is more distinct especially between the eyes whei-e it is
impressed. The eyes are composed of forty-tive ocelli
arranged in six rows (9+9 + 9 + 8 + 6 + 4— 9+94-9 + 8 + 7^ ).
Scobinas up to the twenty-fifth segment, punctiform as in the
male. Anal sternite triangular (not worn out).

128 RKCORHR OP THE AUSTRAIJAN Ml'SKl'M.

Pi'of. Silvestri states that his type possess scobiiias from the
ninth to the ])enaltiniate, whicli does not agree with the three
specimens examined, and that the metazonites are smooth, no
mention being made ot" punctures Moreover, slight differences
can be found between Prof. Silvestri's figures of the copulatory
appendages and ours; tlie sides of the ventral plate of anteinov
gonopods are less angularly excised, the apex is more pointed;
the distal, lamellar end of the outer branch of posterior gono-
pods is somewhat differently shaped. There is, therefore,
hardl}' any doubt that the Grayndah specimens belong at least
to a sub-species different from the Cairns form.

DiXRMATOciucrs (? Cladiscocricus) C'ONSIMilis, s/j. nor.
(Plate xvi., fig. 45).
9 mat. : length 62 m/in : diameter 8 m/m ; 52 segments ;
one segment apodoiis ; 97 pair of legs.

The only specimen to hand so closely resembles the females
of D. falcidiis, that it has been deemed sufficient to note the
differences. No iniportamre can be given to the colour and to
the length recorded as the animal is contracted having only
recently cast its skin when captured, as is evident by the fact
that the integuments are still soft.

The anterior margin of first segment is slightly emarginate
on a. level with the eyes, and not as bi'oadly rounde«:l. The
scobinas are entirely different from those of J), fulnitits ; the
dimples assume the shape of a deej) transverse sulcus, and the
s{)ace between them is hardly equal to the breadth of one of
them. The posterior sulcate field is indistinct as the sulci are
continued by the concentric stria" of the suri'ounding integu-
ments (11th segment). Or else the dimples ai'e more crescen-
tic, the distance between them is equal to about one-and-a-half
diajneter of one of them, and the sti-iate field is distinct (PI.
xvi., fig. 45, 21st segment).

TMie exposed postei'ior halt' of the pro/.onites cannot be
described as punctui-ed ; oi' rathei' Ihe punctures are strongly
intermingled with stria*. The spofs, fhe jioj-es are pierced in,
appear somewhat raised. The postcrioi' nnirgin of the last
segment is angularly jiT'oduced, but cut at right angles and not
emarginate on each side of the apex, m> that no distinct pi-ocess
is to be seen.

Male unknown. .\ single fennile from (layndah, Qiieenslaml.

niK M vi;i.\i'i)ii.\ IN riii; aistkaman mtskum — iii;("ii,F,MANN. 129

l)lNK.\IATiiCRlCl"S (scnsK ^trirtii) FArrilM, sy/. nor.

(Plate xvi., H^''. 4(5 ; Plate xvii., ti^'s. 1-7, 48).

^ mat.: leiiiiftli 112 in in ; diaiiieter 9.50 in ni ; 54 se<r-
ineiits ; one seofinent apoilous ; 99 pair of legs.

Dark blackisli-bvown, with an olivaceous shade, and a red-
brown belt along the inargius of the segments. Head blackisli-
brown, with brighter labi'um. Last segment and valves briglit
brown red. Legs dark brown, with the j)roximal joints paler.

Head smooth, with two shallow indistinct im])iessioiis above
the labrum and with minnte transverse wrinkles oi" striae, of
Avhich a pair more strongly marked is seen crossing the post-
labral impressions. Fonr labral dimples. Median sulcus well
marked on the labrum and on the back of the liead, faiiit,
thread-like, or even obsolete between the antennfe. Eyes
sub-circular; the distance between them equal to twice the
diameter of one of them. Ocelli distinct, though rather
flattened, numbering about forty-one, arranged in six series
(7 + 8+84-7+6+5 to 8+8+8+7 + 6+4). -Antennal fossae
shallow; distance between the sockets equal to the length of
the four proximal joints. Antennae compressed as usual,
extremely shoi't, scarcely reaching beyond the middle of the
iii'st tergite ; the four proximal joints bare, except a few distal
setfe ; fifth joint poorly beset with setfe, these being
numerous on the last joint only. Foui" sensory cones. Mici'o-
nietrical measurements of joints ; 1st joint 0.832 m/m ; 2nd,
1.024 m/m ; 3rd, 0.928 m/m ; 4th, 6.832 m/m ; 5th, 0.832
m/m ; 6tli, 0.640 m/m ; 7th and 8th, 0.128 m/m ; total length,
5.216. Diameter of 2nd joint 0.800 m/m ; of 6th, 0.704 m/m.

Scobinas from about the eighth to about the thirty-sixth
segment. - Distance between the dimples equal to about one-
and-a-half diameter of one of them. The dimple (PI. xvi.,
tig. 46) is formed by a deep, circular sulcus enclosing an oval,
transverse, polished wart ; it is lying near the anterior margin
and is distinct from it ; behind the dimple is a very narrow
crescentic field, about half the length of the dimple, the surface
of which is dull but shows no distinct sti'iae.

First tergite smooth, shortened laterally ; sides irregularly
rounded, the posterior mai'gin being more convex than the

130 KKCOKOS (IF TllK AL'.STIJALIAN M L'SKL.M.

anterior. Marginal .sulcus verv short and weak, i-nnniug close
to the niai'gin. Ventral surface of second segment somewhat
excavated, swollen on each side, with shallow sulci. Anterior
concealed parts of prozonites covered with minute and dense
strife, yet shining; rest of the zonites punctured, more distinctly
on the posterior part of the prozonite than on the metazonite,
the punctures intermingled with faint longitudinal strise.
The latter are more numerous on the anterior six segments. The
posterior parts of the prozonites show moreover irregular, wide
and shallow wrinkles, two of which stand in front of the pores
and ai-e moi'e deeply impressed. Distinct oblique and longi-
tudinal striae are to be found only far down below the pores.
Transverse sutural sulcus completely obsolete on the back,
scai'cely visible above and below the pores as a tiny threadline.

Pores starting from the sixth segment, small, opening high

in the sides, in the middle of a raised spot, wherefrom they

appear to be margined. On a level w-ith the pores is a very
faint longitudinal sulcus, crossing the whole segment.

Last tergite with its posteiuor margin angularly pioduced ;
the process is feebly depressed at its base, and does ;idt conceal
the upper angles of the valves. Valves moderately prominent,
scarcely globular, compressed in the vicinity of the margins,
causing the latter to appear pad-shaped. Anal sternite
I'ouuded, very broad, its length equal to about one-fourth of
the breadth, Avith a weak transverse sulctis near its base.
Ventral plates of the othei' segments ti-ansvei'sely sulcate : the
sulci weak. Stigmata small.

Legs moderately slioit, rather slendei', with but one ventral
bi-istle on each joint except the last.

Male : — Femora of the second pair flattened inwai'dly, with
gibbous ))osteiior surfaces. Coxa? of third, four and tifth j»air
pi'oduced. Tai'si not padded.

Copulatory aji])endages (PI. xviii.. tig. 47, 48) : — \'entral
plate of anterior goiio])ods (]'.) senii-circulai", twice as w^ide as
long, tipped with a digitiform, tapering ]»rocess as long as the
semicircular basis, with undulate sides and w-ith apex not even
half the breadth of its root. Distal angle of the coxal expan-
sion scarcely reacliiiig flic niiiidlc i<\ the process of the ventral

TIIK M VKIAI'nhA IN TlIK A I'S IK A MAN .MlsKl.M l;i;(">l,K M AN N . 181

)»late, louudeil. Tibia ('!'.) in a line with the feinuj- (Fem.j, its
stem only a little long-er than wide ; <he distal plate almost
circular, more than half the length of the stem, not reaching
tlie summit of the ventral ])late. Posterior basal plate (r. 2.)
evenly rounded distally, with concave sides.

Posterior gonopods twiJ-jointed ; the distal joint ending in
two flagelliform. gradually tapering processes, of which the
inner is shorter than t he outer. Tracheal stalk long and slender,
curved distally.

Female unknown. One male specimen from Thursday
Island.

DiXEMATOCRICUS, s'^z.

9 mat. : length 108 m/m ; diameter 10.50 m/m ; 51 seg-
ments ; one segment apodous : 95 pair of legs.

The single female specimen known is closely related to the
preceding species, from which it had to be separated on
account of the following particulais : — The last tei'gite, the
valves and all the joints ai'e of the same dark olive brown
colour as the body. A large dimple is to be seen on the fore-
head between the eyes.

The anal stei'gite is .triangular, with a broad base, and
slightly emarginate lateral margins, the length being more
than one-third of the breadth. A deep transvei-se sulcus exist
near the base of the sternite.

This specimen could have been identified with t^pirulmlag
fenichell, Daday,-''* had not the author stated that his species has
no scobinas.

New Guinea.

DlXEMATOCRlCt;S. ANALIS, sp. nuV.

(Plate xvii., tigs. 49-52.)

(5" mat. : length 102 m/m ; diameter 8 m/m ; 49 segments ;
one segment apodous ; 89 pair of legs.

9 mat.: length 114 mm ; diameter 9.50 m/m ; 49 segments ;
one segment apodous ; 91 pair of legs.

■'^ Daday— Term. Fuzct., 1898, p. lo:.'.

132 RECORDS OF THK AL'STKAl.IAN M I" S K U M .

Dark olive brown, with the postei'ior iiiar<riii ot ^errnients red-
bi-owii. I^egs dark.

Head siiiootli, sliowincr indistinct transverse wrinkles. Four
labral ])ores. Two shallow impressions above the pores.
Median sulcus weak, obsolete between tlie antenna?, wliere the
liead is rather flattened ; a sniall <liniple may be accidentally
found between the eyes, the sulcus breaking ofV suddenly in the
dimple, and re-appeai'ing frontwards. Eyes lounded ; the
distance between them equal to about twice the diameter of an
eye ; composed of distinct, though flattened ocelli numbering
foi'tv-seven to flfty, arranged in seven rows (7-[-8H-8+8-}-7-|-
6+3— 9 + 9 + 9 + 8+ 7 + 5 + 3). Antenna- very short, uot
reaching the posterior margin of tlie tirst tergite ; the distance
between the sockets equal to the length of more than four
pi'oximal joints; the four basal joints bare, showing only a few-
apical set* ; the setfe grow gradually more numerous on the
last joints ; fifteen seiisoiy cones at the end. Micrometrical
measurements of joints : 1st joint 0.544 mm ; 2nd, 0.736 ni m ;
3rd, 0.576 m/m; 4-th, 0.480 mm; 5th, 0.448 mm: Hth.
0.416 m/m ; 7th and 8th, 0.096 mm : total length, 3.296 m m.
Diameter of 2nd joint, 0.576 m/m ; of 6th, 0.512 mm.

First tergite smooth along the posterior max^giu and covered
with more or less distinct, minute stria; on the remaining
surface ; the sides fall short of the following segment, and are
somewhat irregulai- in shajie ; the anteiioi- margin is genei'ally
straight, and the posteiior gently convex, the lattei- showing
occasionally a faint notch ; the angle is more oi- less rounded,
sometimes even truncate, both cases being liable to appear on
the same sf)ecimen. The marginal sulcus is modej-ately ini-
])re8sed and located quite close to the margin.

Ventral suiface of the second segment somewhat excavated,
moderately swollen on each side.

Scobinas fi'om the eighth to al)out tlie tliirtieth or thirtv-
tViird segment. The dimple is renifoini and very deep (PI.
xvii., fig. 51) ; the posterior field is moie or less triangular,
rather elongate and dull, though without distinct stiia\

Anterior, concealed j)art of the prozonite witliout (•(Hicentiic
strife, yet not smooth, showing under sufticient enlaigement
minute and short, irregular, tiansverse wi-inkles or striav The

IMC MYI.IAIMI'A IN rilK A I S IIJA I.IA N Ml.sKlM lil.'iW.K.M AN N . \'-'>'A

jKi^terior jtaitof tlie piozoiiite aii<l, still iiioie, llie nietazmiite
may be said to be ddr.sally devoid of any sculpture, as tlie
striae and punctures of tlie i)ite<;unients are nowhere distinct.
Latei'ally tlie strife are more easily detected ; moreover, below
tlie line of the ))ores, or lower down still appeal* the usual
aiched sti"ife of the j)rozonite : these are nevei' stron<rl\
niai'ked even above tlie lefjs. Tlie suture is represented liy a
shallow concentric impression without any sulcus. Poi-es l)e«jfiji
with the sixth seofuient ; they are small ; tliey open in fi-ont of
the sutural impression in the middle of a low Hattened wart ;
on a level with the pore a sulcus crosses the metazonite, but it
is not to be ti'aced on the prozonite.

Last ter^rite slioit, adorned with a few faint wrinkles; its
posterior margin is angularly pioduced, yet is far from con-
cealing the upper angles of the valves. Valves strongly
prominent (PI. xvii., fig. 52) ; their up]>ei" angles are quite
unusually thickened and produced backwards; their suii'aces are
scarcely globular and show narroAv pre-marginal impressions,
causing the margins to appear wide and thick ; in the female
specimen, the margins are still moi"e prominent and even
irregulai'ly nodulous. Anal sternite in shape of a semi-circle
r 5 ? abnormal) or of a rounded triangle, in both cases much
shorter than broad at the base. Sternites of the othei' seg-
ments with comparatively few striae. Stigmata small.

Legs moderately short, with but one distal biistle below on
each joint except the last.

Male : — Femora of the second j)air flattened inwardly, some-
what tubercular posteriorly. Coxae of the third pair produced
as in iK fniir'niin ; joints, second and third much swollen below,
fourth and fifth gradually less swollen. None of the tarsi
padded.

Copulat(jry a])pendages (PI. xvii., tigs. 49. 50): — Vential
plate of the anterior goiiopods rl.y' with reniform basis, more
than twice as broad as high, ending into a stout, conic process,
as long as half the breadth of the basal part : its apex is
truncate. Distal coxal expansion angular, yet broad and
almost concealing the tibia, reaching as fai- as the summit of
the ventral plate. Proximally, the coxa is produced into an
endoskeletic process (efk.) reaching the middle of the tracheal

184 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MTSKUM.

stalk. Tibia (T.) in a line with tlie femur (Fetn.J, nearly
parallelsided, tipped with a sub-equilateral triangular piece,
the length of which is about half the length of the tibial stem.
Posterior basal plate (r. 2.) angular. Tracheal stalks slender,
crooked.

Posterior guno|)ods of the usual form; distal joint ending in
two flagelliform processes, of which the outer is not quite
twice as long as the inner.

One male and one female fi'oni New Guinea.

DiNEMATOCRlCUS DISJUNCTUS, "p. HOC.

(Plate xvii., figs. 53-57.)

^ mat. : length 57 m/m ; diameter 5 mm : 54 segments ;

two segments apodous ; 97 pair of legs.

Colour dull ochraceous with a slight olive shade ; posterior
margin of segments more chestnut ; the line of pores on the
last fourteen segments and the aual valves darkened. Head
black. Legs chestnut.

Head smooth (or with tiny irregular wrinkles) : four la bra 1
dimples ; median sulcus distinct on the upper lip, very Aveak
backwards, almost obsolete between the antennee. Distance
between the eyes equal to twice the diameter of an eye. Ocelli
flattened, fairly distinct in the middle of the eye. but scarcely
recognizable along the borders, numbering forty-five to forty-
seven, ai-ranged in irregular rows (l-f-5 + 6-(-7-|-3-{-7 + 5 + 5
+ 6 or 1+3+5+5 + 6+7 + 7 + 7 + 6).

Antennal fossfe shallow. The distance between theantennal
sockets equal to the length of the four proximal joints.
Antenute short, not reaching the posterior margin of the first
tergite. The four proximal joints are almost bare; the seta3
are I'are on the fifth and moi-e numerous on the last two joints.
Foi.li' sensory cones. Micrometrical measurements of the
ioints: — 1st joint 0.512 m/ni ; "ind, 0.608 m m; 3rd, 0.544 m/m ;
4th, 0.512 m/m ; 5tli, 0.480 mm; 6th, 0.416 mm; 7th and
8th, 0.096 m/m ; total length, 3.168 m/m. Diameter of 2nd
joint 0.496 m m ; of 6th. 0.416 m ni.

IIIK MVi;iAI'(M'.\ IN IIIK AlsrUAI.lAN M I SKII.M — ItHOLKMAXN. 185

First tei'fjite smootli, shiiiiiiii'. Its sides cvonl}' rouuded.
MaifriiiHl .sulcus very short, exteiidiuii' t'loiii tlic Nnver level of
the eye to the middle ol tlit- curve of the sides.

Scobiuas t'roiu about (he t'oiiiteeut h segment to about tiie
thirtieth. The distance between the dimples is equal to
almost four times the breadth of one oF them. Dimple oval
(PI. xvii., tig-. 56), distinct from the antei'ior ni!ii'<iin of the
zoiiite, thou<jh cTose to it. The posteiioi' field is ti-iang'ular,
acute, dull, but not sti'iate.

The integuments (PI. xvii., tig. 57) are strewn with minute,
longitudinal, widely spread stria^. The anterior concealed
part of the prozonite, although not completely smooth, shows no
distinct concentric sulci. The posterior part is adorned with
arched oblique strife ; these gi'ow gradually more perpendicular
above the pores and turn into a transverse, dorsal, moderately
impressed sulcus, as distant from the anterior smooth part as
from the metazonite ; this sulcus is interrupted dorsally on the
segments two, three and foui', and on a widei- space on the
second than on the other segments. Below the pores, the
strife assume a more and more longitudinal direction and
gradually encroach on the metazonite. Immediately above
the pore, the segment is crossed by a longitudinal sulcus which
is situate on a level with the poi'e, whei-e it meets the sutiiral
sulci ; on the metazonite, its course is directed diagonally up-
wai'ds. The sutural sulcus is obsolete dorsally, faintly
im})ressed laterally, less marked than the sulcus of the
prozonite.

Posterior margin of last segment angularly produced, the
apex leaving uncovered the ujiper angles of the valves. The
latter are moderately prominent, slightly compressed and
without any trace of marginal sulcus. Anal sternite triangu-
lar; its base is broad, about equal to twice the length of the
sternite. Sterna of other segments transversely sulcate, the
sulci thin and numeroiis. Stigmata small.

Legs short; from the fourth pair backwards, all the joints
except the last are provided with but one ventral bristle.

Male : — Tai-si jiadded and coxa^ of third, fourth and fifth pair
produced as in i). laiiceolatnK; yet pads and piocesses are i-ather
less developed. Femora of second pair flattened interally,
gibbons posterioily. Penis small, conical.

136 KECttUD.S UF Till; ALSTKALIAN M LsK.LM .

Copulatory appendages (PI. xvii., tigs. 53-55) : — Tracheal
stalk of anterior gonopods (ts.) slender, curved outwardly.
Proximal ])art of the venti-al plate in shape of a semicircle,
bearing a digitiform process equal in length to the proximal
part. Distal expansion of coxa wide and short, not exceeding
the length of the A-entral plate ; the proximal angles produced
into an endoskeletic process (e'<k.) about as long as half of the
tracheal stalk. Tibia (T.) in a line with the femur (Ftnu.j,
comparatively long, tapering, tipped with an equilateral
triangular piece not quite one tliird of the length of the tibia,
and projecting with its full length beyond the apex of the
coxal expansion.

Posterior pair (PI. xvii., fig. 55) of gont)pods of the known
form. The distal joint ends in two fiagelliform, gradually
tapering branches, of which the inner is less than half the
length of the outer. Tracheal stalk long, slender, curved
distally.

Female unknown.

New Guinea.

DiNEJIATOCRICrs LAKCEOLATUS, sp. nor.

(Plate xvii., figs. 58, 59 : Plate xviii.. figs. 60-64.)

(a) J" mat.: length 71 mm; diameter 7 mm; 52 seg-
ments ; one segment apodous ; 95 pair of legs.

(b) ^ mat. : length 73 m/m ; diameter 7.50 mm ; 51 seg-
ments ; one segment apodous ; 98 ])aii' of legs.

(c) (^ mat. ; length 85 m ni : diameter 8.50 m m ; 51 seg-
ments ; one segment apodous ; 93 ])aii' of legs.

Chestnut to bi'own. with black limbs. Head generally
darker than the body, brown or blackish -brown, often showing
a median band and some spots of the paler ground colour.
Body cylindi'ical ; posterior end gradually compressed. In-
teguments modei-ately shining.

Head smooth, with a very weak median sulcus. Four lal)r;il
setiferous dimples. Ocelli small, congregated on a subcircular
Held, numbering about forty-four to forty-seven, arranged in six

or seven sci-ies (8 + 9 + 8-1-8 + 64-5— 7 + 8+8-|-8-f7 + 6+3).

I'liK \i VKM Ai'HhA i\ riiK \isi'i;.\i,iAN' Mi'SKi'M — r.iirir.K \l A \ V. 1M7

Oistaiicc i)i't\vft'n tlie eyes e((U}il to ahDiit twice the tliaiiieter of
one of lliiMii. Anteiinal fossa? shallow. Distance between the
antennal sockets equal to tlie lensfd ol" the tlii'ce [noximal
joints. .\ntennff> short, not reachinn" ( (^ ) the posterior niai'i^in
of the first tero-ite. The three hasaJ joints almost bare, the
following gradually more pilose. Foui* sensory cones. Mici'o-
metrical nieasiirements of joints: —1st jointO. 640 ni/m ; 2n(l,
0.800 m in ; 3rd, 0.704 m'^m ; 4th, 0.672 m/m ; 5th, O.tUO
m/m; ()tii, 0.512 m/m ; 7th and 8th, 0.128 m/m: total length.
4.096. Diameter of 2nd joint 0.6+0 m 'in ; of 6tli, 0.672 mm.

'IMie giiatlicichilariuui, and particularly the chitinized cap
which stands in froiit of the laminas linguales, are identical
with the sketch given by Vom Rath''-^ of HpirohnJu.'^ pJiraniifi.
The middle plate of the cap is anchor-shaped ; t.lie mentum is
<-()mposed of a single plate ; the outer angles of the hypostoma
aiv soinewliMt more (jnadrate than in V^om KatlTs figure.

First tergite smooth ; its evenly rounded sides do iiot reach
the level of the ventral surface of the body ; the marginal
snlcns is short.

Scobinas present from about the tenth to about the thii'ty-
nintli segment. The dimple (PI. xvii., fig. 59) is very short
and wide open anteriorly, being cut in the anterior margin of
the segment; the posterior tield is more or less conical with
rounded end ; it is covered with dense and minute transverse
striae. On the twenty-fifth zonite the distance between the
dimples is about equal to twice the bi'eadth of one of the striate
fields. Posterior mai-gin of segments shallowly excised in
correspondaiice with the scobinas of the following segment.

The anterior concealed part of the prozonites is smooth ;
the |)Osterior part is adorned dorsally with a microscopical
network of minute, ij'i-egular stria", which die out, although not
entirely, on the metazonite. Under the microscope, the latter
apjiears spread with scarcely distinct punctures. No tranverse
sutui-e is seen between pro- and metazonite. On the sides (PI.
xviii., tig. 60), the prozonite show distinct striae, two or three
of which reach above the pore; the upper stria? are more or

\'oin R:itli Loc. cif., li^- 'M-

138 l?E('<tK|>S OF THK AT'STHAI.IAX MTSKCM.

less cui'ved and ohlicjiie ; lower down tliey iire straighter
and enci'oaeli gradually more on the inetazonite. Pores start
witli the sixth somite ; they open in the prozonite, and they are
surrounded upwai'ds and hackwaids by a special, angularly
curved sulcus, the perpendiculai' postej'ior bi-anch ot" whicdi is
the oidy trace of transverse sutui'e to he witnessed.

Last segment with posteiior margin aiigulai'ly produced ;
the process does not cover the uppei' angles ot" the anal valves.
']'he latter ai'e largely prominent, rather flattened ; they are
compressed near the mai'gins, which, however, remain rounded
and show no tiace of mai'ginal sulcus. Anal sterniie triangu-
lar. Sternites of the othej' segments transversely striate.
Stigmata small.

Legs very sluu't. with l)ut one or two distal hristlcs on the
venti'al surface of each joint, except the last.

Male: 'rar>i padded (PI. xvii., tig. ')>^): the pads grow
laj'ger up to the seventh pair of legs, then become giadually
smaller backwards ; they disappear after the thirty-sixTli
zonite. On the five anterior- pairs of legs, the ventral surface
of joints, three to five, is warted, the warts being larger on the
fii'st two pairs tlian on the following. The second pint of the
second pair is hollowed inwai'dly. The penis is a small
membranaceous cone, not even as long as the coxa? of the
|)i'eceding legs. Coxa* of the third (tig. 58) and fourth pair
produced, the pi'ocess growing smaller on the followiii<i: ])aii'.

Copulatory appendages: — Anterior giniopods (V\. xviii., tigs
61, 62) : — basal ])iece of the venti-al plate (W) twice as wide as
high, rounded latei-ally ; its anterior margin is strongly sinuate
and, from the middle, stai'ts an ehuigate pi-ocess. in sha])e of a
spear-head, about equal in length to the basal part. Tracheal
stalk (ti^.) long and slender. The coxae are not in contact on
the middle line ; they ai-e simply connected together through
the rounded posterior basal plate (r.'2.) ; their distal expansion
is ti'iangulai', narrow, ami reaches at least the summit of the
ventral plate : proximally they end in an oblique endoskeletic
process (('■</,■.) half as long as the tracheal stalk. Kemur fused
with the coxa. Tibia in a line with the femur, i-ather short
slightly tapering distally. tipped with an isosceles triangulai-
piece equal to four-tiftlis ot the iil)ia. reaching somewluit be-
yond the coxal expansion.

THK MYi;i.\l'OI>A IN I'llK A IS I'ltA 1.1 A N MISKl'M r.lv'("ll,K \1 A \ N . \'M>

Posterioi- J4-ouo|kkIs (IM. xviii., Hj;. 68) as in UhiiiKi-rini", l\vt>-
jointed. The distal joint is split into two tlaf>:elliforni, gmdnally
tapering branches, of which the inner is about half the length
oF the outei'. 'Pi-acheal stalk long and slender, ctirved distallv .

Female unknown.

Tlitee specimens from New li'cland.

DlXKMATOOmcUS lloi.oSKItlCKI'S, x//. iii>r.

( [Mate xviii., Hg-s. ()r)-69.)

^ mat. : length til m m ; diametei- S mm (posteror thii-d),
ov 7.50 ni/m (anterior tliird) ; 52 segments ; one segment
apodous ; 95 pair of legs*.

Dark chestnut brown ; metazonites somewhat moi'e i-eddish ;
bead and legs brighter. Hody stout, stontei' l)ackwards.

Head smootli, shining. Four labral dimples, of which the
two median stand close together, while the two outer stand
apai't, outside the labral notch. Median sulcus weak, unin-
tei'rupted, although faint between the anteiinpe. Eyes rounded ;
the space between them nearly four times the diameter of one
of them. Ocelli flattened, moderately distinct, ai'ranged in
seven seiies, to 6-f-7-f-7-j-7-f-5-|-4-j-2 = 'd'^. Antennal sockets
shallow ; the distance between them nearly equal to the length
of the tive proximal joints. Antenna? short, I'eaching the
posterior margin oi the first segment, Joint one bare ; joints
two and three with but few distal bristles ; joint four with few
setfe on the surface besides the distal ci-own ; on the reinaining
joints the seta? are nK)re and more numei'ous ; four sensory
cones. Micrometrical measurements of joints : 1st joint 0.544
m m: 2nd, 0.608 m/m ; 8rd, 0.576 m/ni ; 4th, (X512 m/m ;
5th, 0.44Sm/m ; 6th, 0.416 m/m ; 7th and 8th, 0.080 m/m;
total length 3.184 ni'm. Diameter of 2nd joint 0.480 mni ;
of 6th, 0.384 m'ni.

First tergite falling short of the venti-al surface of the second,
with indistinct stria^and a faint transverse, dorsal imj)ression.
xA.nterior margin slightly emarginate on a level with the eyes.
Sides rounded, though showing traces of posterior aiigles ;
the mai'ginal sulcus shoi't. Venti-al surface of the secomi
segment flattened, not particularly swollen laterally.

140 KKCiiKlis n|' TlIK A I'STIIALI AX MI'SKTM.

Sc'obiiias fvdni tlie eig'lith to about tlie tweiitv-tii'st zoiiite,
ueai'ly obsolete on tlie twenty-second. Dinijiles (PI. xviii.,
Hg. 05) divided by a space almost equal to five times the
diameter of one of them. Dimples in the shape of a segment
of a cii'cle, open frontwards ; the bottom gradnally rises up to
the level of the zonite. I'osterior field rather long, nai-rowed
and I'ounded at the end ; strine thin and numerous.

Concealed part of the prozonite smootli ; integuments of the
I'est of the zonites entirely covered with tiny stria:*, exti'emely
dense on the posterior part of the prozonite, less so on the
metazonites where the strife are somewhat coarser ; therefrom
the integuments gain a silky lustre. On the exposed part of
the prozonite, oblique stria? are seen« which are much larger
and deeper in the anterior part of the body than in the posterior.
On tlie sixth segment, for instance, one of the sulci, staT-ting
above the pore, assumes a transverse dii-ection, crossing entirely
the dorsal region in front of, and close to, the sutural sulcus ;
below the pores are five truncate sulci, the posterior ends of
which break off in the suture ; lower down the sulci, when
reaching the suture, assume a longitudinal course and cross the
metazonite entirely ; the lattei- striae are confined to the ventral
portion of the segments. 'The transverse pre-sutui'Ml sulcus is
interi'upted dorsal ly on segments two, three, four, and gradually
shortened on segments eight and backwards, no trace of it be-
ing found after the sixteenth ; also, the other sulci grow shorter
and weakei- backwai'ds. Sutural sulcus entire, more distinct
in the anterior half of the body than in the posterior half ; it
is slightly notched behind the pores. Pores begin on the sixth
segment; they are located high on the sides, and open in the
prozonite, in the centre of a small circular s|tot which is sniootli
and shining.

i^ast segment with its posterior margin scai'cely pi'oduced, the
angle being almost entirely i-ounded off, and just covering the
upper angles of the valves. The lattei- ai'c considerably
reduced, nearly smooth, globular, each with a faint prt^-marginal
impi'ession. Anal stei-nite triangular, its Irnuth alxMit one-
fourth the breadth at the l)ase, its ape.v blunt. Stei'na of other
segn)ents sulcate, the sulci few in nunibei' (about eight).
Stigmata small.

Jjegs vei'v shoi't, about one-tliii'd of the diameter of the bodv,
with but one bristle below on the pni\i?n;il live joints.

TIIK MVi;i \l'ii|i\ l\ I'lIK \l'sri;\l,l AN MI'SKt'M I!I;()I,K\1A\N'. Ill

Male: — CdXiV of ley's three, t'luif mikI ti\t' hcji I'iiiL;- ;i Ioiilt^
lliiek sul)-qiiadraiig"iilaf [tt'ocess with roiimled (iistal iiiai'Lfiii
(PI. xviii., Hg. 66). 'L'arsi ikiI [laildt'd.

Copnlatoiy apj)etida;Ofes : — Antei-or yonopods (PI. xviii., tig's.
67, 6S) : — basal part of the ventral plate (V.) semiciroulai',
tipped with a stout pi'oeess somewhat broader than long, not
even half the length ol' the basal part, almost entirely rounded.
Coxal expansioji wide and short, with apex cut at a i-ight angle,
and reaching exactly the end of the ventral plate ; proximal
endoskeletic process (i^sk.) moderately pi'oduced, not reaching
over one-third of the ti-acheal stalk. Tibia in a line with and
as long as the femur, gradually nai'rowed distally, tipped with
an equilateral triangular piece, with rounded angles, which
reaches with its full length over the summit of the coxa.
Posterior basal plate (f.2.) angular. Tracheal stalk {t^.J long,
slender, arched.

Posterior gonopods (PI. xviii., tig. 69) two-jointed; proximal
joint as long as the undivided part of the distal joint. Innei-
branch of the latter not even half the length of the outer,
grooved as in D. cariiKifns, the seminal duct seemingly ending
in the fork between the branches.

Female unknown.

One male specimen from Fiji.

UlXK.MATOCRlCUS CARIXATCS, Karsch, 1881.

(Plate xviii., Hgs. 70-7-i).

Spirolioliis (lihiiiocn'rini) cur'niat ii:<, Karsch, 1881, Zeitsch.
Naturwiss., liv., p. 78.
Karsch's descri|)tion runs as follows : —

" Scobina den grossten Theil der Ringe characterisirend, die
'• Deckeni'inge am Hinteri-ande niemals ausgerandet. Endi-ing
"die Analklappen nicht iiberragend. Clypeus schwach
" eingeschnitten. c^i caesio-fuscus, pedibus antennisque tlavis,
" collo flavo-limbato, anulis postice flavo-marginatis ; facie
"subglabra, sulco subpai'tita, clypeo foveolis utrinque 2;
"anulis vix segmentatis, parte basali glabra, in anulis 9°-28'^^
" scobina, parte opaca postice acute producta, instructa, parte
"media subglabra, subtus et latei'ibus paullo quidem suj)i'a
" poros in tutnnio (piodani simulate |)artis posticae sitos.

142 rb:coiu)S of the Australian mi'sktm.

" loiig-itudinalitei' sulcata, p. postica cariiiis loiioitudiiialibus
"sat altis oriiata ; collo lateribus margines aiiiili secundi
" ventrales fere attingeiitibus, sensim aiigustatis, rotundatis,
" sulco inargiiiali teiiui ; anulo ultimo submucronato, aiigulo
" postico late rotundato, valvulis aualibus oduvexis, inargiiiibus
•' paull(^ compressis ; antennis coUuui liand supei-antibus ;
"a]iulis36. Viti Levu."

Tlie specimens examined agi-ee fairly with Karscli's desci'ip-
tion ; yet doubt remains as to some particulars, sucli as, liow
far down do the sides of the first segment reach ; how are the
dorsal carinas shaped ; how numerous are they, and what the
copulatory a])pendages look like ? ft has, theref(U'e, been
deemed advisable to issue a new description.

(J mat.: length 32 m/m; diameter 3.70 m m; 34 segments ;
one segment apodous ; 59 jiairof legs (Fiji).

5 mat. : length about 50 ni/m ; diameter 5.50 m/m ; 35
segments; one segment apodous; 63 pair of legs (Fiji).

The gi'eat discrepancy between the measurements of both
specimens is accounted for by the fact that the male is a siiuill
contracted animal and the female a large extended sjiecimen.

Male : — Black, anterior margin ami sides of the first tergite
dark brown-red ; valves dull brown-yellow; legs, antennae and
labrum oclii-e-yellow.

Head sniootli, shining. Foui' labral, setiferous (lim})les.
Median sulcus scarcely distinct backwai'ds and even on tlie
upper lip, obsolete mesially. Space between the eyes about
twice the diameter of one of them. Eyes rounded, composed
of modei-ately distinct ocelli, arranged in seven series to 7-)-8
-f-8+7 + 64-4-1-2 = 42. Antennal sockets very shallow;
distance between them about equal to foui* pi'oximal jt)iuts.
Antenna^ short, reaching the posterior margin of the first tergite,
compressed as usual, slightly fhickeiied distally. The three
proximal joints almost bai'e ; foui'th joint with buti few distal
bristles; fifth and sixth gradually more pilose. Four sensory
cones. Micrometrical measui'ements of joints : — 1st joint
0.384 m/m ; 2nd, 0.512 m ni ; 3rd, 0.416 m/m ; 4th 0.352
m/m; 5th, 0.352 m/m : 6th, 0.448 m/m; 7lh and 8th, 0.09(>
m/m; total length 2.560 m/m. Diameter of 2nd joint 0.336
m/m; of 6th, 0.384. Mandibular stem (pleura*) with the
inferior angle somewhat pointed.

TIIK \IYi;iAI'iM>.\ l\ TllK A I'S Ti; A I.I.W Ml'SFOrM — lUtOLRMANN. 148

Scobiuiis iVotii tlu' t'iii-litli st'L;'in('nt ti> iilxuit tlic tweiity-Hftli,
located so close to the autei'ior margin of tlie zoiiite, that iliey
miiiflit be mistaken for siiiuations of the marfj^in. Dimple
(PI. xviii., tig'. 70) open anterioi'ly, very wide; tlie posterior
field conic rounded, with compai'atively few strife (about ten).
The space between tlie dimples not iMryer tlinn t he diameter of
one of them.

First segment with scai'cely distinct leathery surface, falling
shoi't of the veiiti'al sui'face of the second segment; sides
rounded; marginal sulcus very shallow; a secondary verj-
shallow, incomplete sulcus is seen above the mai-ginal sulcus
(mav be accidental, see female). Ventral surface of second
segment neither concave nor swollen laterally, but crossed by
well marked longitudinal sulci, four of Avhich reach above the
level of the angle of the preceding tei'gite.

Anterior concealed part of the jii'ozonite of the following
segments almost smooth, or at least without concjeutric striae.
Posterior part of prozonite striate ; the strife straight dorsally,
growing more oblique laterally, and arched on the level of the
pores; they again become straight below the pores, encroaching
on the metazonite and reaching its posterior margin. The
dorsal part of the metazonite (PI. xviii., tig. 71) is slightly
raised, /.r., not on a level with the pi'ozonite. It is crossed
longitudinally by some fifteen (on the eighteenth segment),
wide and deep grooves, more deeply impressed and closer
together on the middle of the back than above the pores, the
outer grooves being similar to the sulci below the pores. The
grooves are not, well outlined, their margins die away in the
surface of the metazonite which is convex between the grooves.
Sutural sulcus obsolete din-sally, scarcely marked on a level
with the pore and below it ; it is notched behind the pore,
partly surrounding a feebly raised circular area in the middle
of which the small pore is cut open. The latter is located
I'ather high in the sides. It begins with the sixth segment.
The second and third segment show no dorsal grooves ; these
are rare and weak on the fourth segmeiit, but i-apidly become
moi'e numerous ami deeper backwards.

Last segment rather long ; its posterior margin is angulai'
and just covers the upj)er angles of the valves. Valves promi-
nent, somewhat globulai' at the base, compressed near the

144 RECORDS OI-' THE Al'STRALIAX Ml'sKC.M.

margins, wliich are not thickened. Anal sternite triangular
with rounded apex ; its length is about half of its breadth.
Sterna of other segments transversely snlcate, the sulci are
comparatively few. Stigmata small.

Legs rather long (3.20 m/m), tliougli not quite as long as the
diameter of the body, slender, with but one bristle below on
the two proximal joints, two on the third, three on the
fourth, five on the fifth, and ten in two rows on the last
(twenty-sixth pair of legs).

Male : — Tarsi not padded. Ventral surface of second joint
of legs feebly excavated. Coxas of the third, fourth, and fifth
pair produced ; the ventral surface of the two following joints
nodular.

Copulatory appendages : — Anterior gonopods (PI. xviii,, figs.
72, 73) ; basal part of the venti'al plate (V.J triangular, with
straight lateral margins ; its length not quite half it bi'eadth at
the base ; upper angle produced into a spear-head-shaped
process about as long as the basal ])art. Coxal expansion
angulai", acute distally, as long as the ventral plate oi- even
perhaps a trifle longer; the coxa is produced proximally into a
short endoskeletic process (csl-.) about as long as half the
traclieal stalk. Tibia in a line with the femur, rather long
pai-allelsided and narrowed distally, tipped with a small sub-
triaTigular ])late, with rounded a])ex, which reaches beyond the
summitof the ventral plate, l^osteiioi' basal plate (r. 2.) sub-
triangular, emarginate latei-ally; apex l)lunt. Tracheal stalks
(ts.) long, slender, crooked as usual.

Posterior gonopods (PI. xviii., fig. 74) two jointtnl. L'nt'or-
tunately the main outer branch is broken off on both gonopods.
The inner branch is ribbon-shaped ; its lamellar, neatly undulate
mai'gins are .somewhat curled up towards the outer brancli,
thus forming a longitudinal gi'oove. The seminal duct seems
to open at the bottom of the fork of the distal joint, in be-
tween the two branches. Tracheal stalk long, slender, cui'ved
distally.

Female: — (Jround coloui- grey-brown (evidently altered);
labrum, anteniue, the margins of all segments, the apex of the
last and the valves dull ochraceons. A broad band of the same

riiK MViiiAi'iihA IN Till-; \rsri;Ai,iAN misktm — i;K()I,k.mann. It.')

ochraceous colour adoi-ns the dorsal part of tlie body, from the
second to about the fifteenth segment; besides, the metazonites
are marked between the poi'es with longitudinal black strokes,
more dull on the posterior darker half of the body than on
tlie lighter anterior half; these strokes are in connection with
the sulci of the metazonites. Legs bi-ight ochre-yellow.

Head strongly shining, as if varnished. Median sulcus weak
scarcely inter-rupted between the antennae. Ocelli disposed in
seven rows (6 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 6+5+2 -= 40 or 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 6
+ 4+3 = 41). Micrometrical measurements of antennal
joints : — 1st joint 0.608 m/m ; 2nd, 0.736 m/m ; 3rd, 0.608
m/m; 4th, 0.544 m/m ; 5th, 0.544 m/m; 6th, 0.592 m/m ; 7th
and 8th, 0.080 m/m ; total length 3.712 m/m. Diameter of
■Jnd joint, 0.464 m/ni ; of 6tli, 0.480 m/m.

Sides of the first segment without secondary sulcus above
the marginal sulcus.

Grooves on the eighteenth segment thirteen in number
(instead of fifteen).

Fiji.

? Spirobolus, Sp.

9 mat. : length 62 m/m ; diameter 5 m/m ; 51 segments ;
one segment apodous ; 95 pair of legs.

The absence of males prevents lis from ascertaining the sys-
tematic position of this species. The shape of the first seg-
ment is similar to that of SpirostropJiiis dlyitidiis. The
prozonite shows transverse strice instead of punctures. Scobiuas
absent. The tiny pores are located on the limit between pro-
and the metazonite ; but as the suture is indistinct and the
metazonite extremely short, it seems that the pores open in
the metazonite. The pores start from the sixth segment. The
valves are prominent, globular, without any trace of pre-
marginal depression.

The most interesting featui-e is the existence of 4 + 4 seti-
ferous dimples on the upper lip, a character which agrees with
none of the genera here record'ed.

Three female specimens (of which only one adult) from
Newcastle, Xew South Wales, and Queensland.

14:6 RECORDS (If TllK AL'8TI;ALIA.\ -M L;<EL":\1.

Tai'.lk 1.
AU8THAIJAN CONTINENT.

1 (2) — 3-|-8 laliral pores SiiirnJinlna liujulni-', L. Koch.

2 (1)— 2 + 2 labral poi'es 3

8 (4) — Scobiiias wanting .N////n/,M//(s i-tcntleuUiufi'il n-', Dadav.
4? (3) — Scobinas present 5

5 (6) — Very large species, diameter of body 20 ni ni, 61

segments Uln iii>n-lcii!< fiiscii-nhitu!', Voges.

6 (5) — Medium sized species, tiianieter of body not over 8

mm. 44/56 segments 7

7 fHj — Anal valves showing a deep pre-margiual sulcus.

Transverse sutural sulcus of segments deep. Meta-
zonites smooth Rhinorn'i'iis hrevipes:, Karsch.

8 (7j — x\ual valves more or less compressed, but without

pre-mai'ginal sulcus. Transverse sutiiral sulcus weak
or obsolete. 9

9 (\2) — Exposed part of prozonite and metazonite smooth .10

10 (11) — Diameter of body () m ni. Segments 43,44 in

number. Scobinas in segments 12 to 30. Somerset,

Cape York Peninsula, Queensland

Iiln'iiorriciis upah'iiinii, Silvestri.

11 (lO) — Diameter of Ixtdy 7 mm. Segments 53. Scobinas

ill segments 9 to peiuiltimate. Gayndah

I). (> 'Idtlirirncrloir') t'lilriihif!, Silvestri.

12 (9) — Ex|)ose(l jiart of prozoiiite and metazonite in some

way sculpt 11 red ( piinctured, striate, A'c.) 13

13 (14) — Exposed part of prozoiiitc and metazonite entirely

beset with tiny stria> (•' tola rngis niiniinis obsessa").

Segments 44 in uiiiiiin'r

• li'/i i iiiirririis si'iiii"\ Sihestri.

14 (13) — Exposed part of zonites at least partlv punctured,

the jiunctures interniingk'tl with stria^ or not 15

THK MVKI.M'i'hA IN TUK AUSl'KAMAX MUSKU.M iJRULKMAXN. 147

15 (18) — Legs of male not padded 16

16 (17) — Distance between the scobinas equal to eight times

the breadth of one of them.-

7>. f( 'liiijificiicrii'iia) fiilc(if>it> )iC(iliiiiiih(, sp. nov.

17 (16) — Distance between the scobinas hardly equal to the

breadtli of one of them

J>. ((Itiiliarnrrlnia) roitsi^iilifi, sp. nov.

18 (15) -Legs of male padded^*^

I\hi)iocii'ri's c.repidatHS (L. Koch), Karsch.

Table II.
NEW CfUINKA.

1 (8) — Scobinas wanting 2

2 (5) — Segments dorsally smooth 3

3 (4) — Sides smooth (" segmeuta in latere et supra glabris,

politis"). Large species 107 to 110 m/m.

SpirohoJus feiu'rheh', Dadav.

4 (3) — Sides grooved (" parte postica late et plane longitu-

dinaliter subcaualiculata, dorso ceterum glabro")

Sjiiroholas adipufti.s, Karsch.

5 (2) — Segments dorsally sulcate or striate 6

6 (7) Sulci deep, wide and rare ("parte detecta sulcis eat

latis et profuudis, raris et inaequalibus, lateribus
striatis"). A'ery large species, 170 to 180 m/m. First

tergite falling short of the second laterad

IiliiiiQcricu!' 'jravis, Silvestri.

*'' Karsch — (Zeitsch. Naturwiss., liv., 1881, p. 74) describing
Spiroboliis (Rliinucricus) crej^/rfa^Hs, adds in brackets " Pelma-
toiiilus crepidatits, L. Koch i litt.". This implies that the legs of
male crcpidatns bear tarsal pads, as SaussLire's division, Peluux-
toiuliis, is precisely based on this sole character. Also it has been
admitted that in cunsiuiilis, the male of which is unknown, the
pads arc missing as in scohiniila, owing to the close relationship of
both forms.

14-S i;Kroi;i)f< hf tiik ai'sti;ai,i.\n mtski-.m.

7 (fi) — Sulci narrow and dense ("dorso striis snbinaequalibns

iiiinutis, sat ciassa et dense ru_^osis "). First terprite

reac'hincf as low down as tlie second

Spiroholioi C'i'li(tui<, Karscli. .

8 (1) Sc()l)iiias present 9

9 (10) — Scobiiias on sey-nients 10 to 21. .Segments said to

be " lateribus inferne tantuni striatis "

]\Jiinnrric>i!< '//rr.s-, Silvesti'i.

10 (9j — 8cobinas nioi'e numerous, to be found atter tbe '21st

segment 11

11 (IB) — Medium sized species, not exceeding 7') m in in

length 12

12 (13) — Scobinas up to about the -iOth segment, in shape of

an arched line RliiiKicn'cKS dimissu?, Silvertri.

L"! ( 1 2)— Scobinas not to be found behind the 30th segment . . 1-1

14 (15) — Diametei' of tlie body 6.50 m m. Scobinas from the

8th to the 30th segment '

7?//MM)cr?V;/,s' h!ni/firinju>', Silvestri.

15 (14-) — Diamctei' of the body 5 m ni. Scobinas fi'om the

14th to the 3()th segment......

h'nicinntnrririi^ (li.-^jioirfii)', s]). nov.

IB (1 1) — Lai'ge sized species, over 100 m m in length 17

17 (18) — C'ephaiic median sulcus obstdete. Ventral plate of

anterior gono])ods said to be " apice rectangiilari
longioi'e." Scobinas in segments 8 to31. (V)xaM)f 3rd
and 4th pairs with ''[n'ocessu laminari, trianguliformi."
..1>I iictiiiitth-riciii< ii>riii\ Silvestri.

18 (17) — Median su Icus al wa vs piCMMit, at least beliind the

an ten me 19

19 (20-21 — J'roceKs of ventral ]>late of anterioi- gono])ods

said to be " subrliomboidali." Seobinas in segments 9

to 41 l)i iifiinihirririin ii]lirii isi\ Silvestl'i.

rilK MVi;iAI'ii|i.\ IN IIIK AISIKAI.IAN MISKl'M — I1|;()I,K:.1 ANN. 14i>

20 (19-21) — Process of ventral j)late wifli strai^lit latei'al

marfjiiis ami apex ti'iiiicate. Scobiiias in sefjnieiils S to
80 83 1 )iin')iii(t(>rrifiin (tiKdi/i, sj). nov.

21 (19-20) — Process of venti-nl plate with sinuate latei'al

margins and narrowed, more oi' less blnnt apex.
Scobinas in segments 8/9 to 86/87 22

22 (28) — Coxal expansion of anterior gonopods as long oi* a

trifle longer than the pi'ocess of ventral plate, acute.
Segments without ])unctures along the suture. Stern-

ites of the body deeply sulcate

I)l>iPiin(t(irrir>i.< fiirrntHA, Silvestri.

23 (22) — Coxal expansion of anterior gonopods scarcely

reaching beyond the middle of the process of venti-al
plate, blunt. Segments punctured along the suture.

Stei-nites of the body weakly sulcate

Diuemafnrn'nif! fmiciinn, sp. nov.

Tablk hi.
BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO to SOLOMON ISLANDS.

1 (2) — Scobinas wanting. First tergite reaching as low

down as the 2nd Spirohohi)' cifhitii:^, Karsch.

2 (1) — Scobinas present. — First tergite falling short of the

2nd. laterad... 8

8 (4) — Posterior margin of last segment produced into a
short spiniform, dt)wnward curved process, over-
reaching the valves Sj-iirohoJus voyesi, Karsch.

■4 (8) — ^Posterior margin of last segment moi-e or less triangu-
lar, not reaching beyond the valves. 5

5 (S)— Posterior margin of same segment excised in corres-

})ondence with scobinas of the following segment... 6

6 (7) — Legs black. Anal valves prominent

I liiii'ii/iifiicririiti I(i)i('C(iJ(itii>t, sp. nov.

7 (6) — -Legs reddish-yellow. Anal valves " scai'cely at all

produced beyoud the level of the tergite."

niil iinrrii'iis III nn'lrdis, Pocoi'k.

150 RECORDS OF THK AUSTIIALIAN MUSE CM.

8 (5) — None of the seo-ments witli posterior margin excised .9

9 (10) — Back of tlie body ornamented with a pair of light

coloured bands (red or yellow). Median process of
ventral plate of anterior gonopods longer than the half-

mocm-shaped basal part

liJniii)cri(:ii-< cri\''tun(leiisi?, Pocock.

10 (9) — Back without longitudinal bands. Median process of

ventral plate shorter than the basal part

Hhinocricus gazelleusis, Pocock.

Table IV.
FIJI.

1 (2) — Anal valves granular .

iSpiroJ)o]iii^ roh'hn'inif: L. Koch.

2 (1) — Anal valves smooth 3

3 (4) — Posterior margin of last segment ending in a well

defined process, overreaching the level of the anal
valves SpiroboJxs picf>{>:, L. Koch.

4 (3) — Posterior margin of last segment more or less angular

or I'ounded, not overreaching the anal valves 5

5 (6) — 4-|-4' labia] dimples Siiirohdhi.^ iletiir)i(it)is,K.^rf^c\\.

6 (5)— 2 + 2 labial dimples 7

7 (12 J — Metazonites provided with longitudinal I'idges or

caiiiia^ ; when the latter are feebh' developed, they are
dense and encroach on the prozonite. 37 to 39
segments 8

8 (11) — Ridges to be found mi the prozonitL's as well as on the

metazonites 9

9 (It)) — Legs and antenna? ])ale yellow .

Si>iniliiil i"< siijiiif)'!', Karsi'li.

10 (9) — Legs and :iiitfiin;i' at least |)artly black or blackish

Siiirobdlxs (•(i>7"/'/,s-, L. Koch.

11 (^j- Kouiidcd carina' on the metazonites only

J h'lu'UKitvi'n'i'tis fitrl)ii(t>i.-i, Karsch.

YUV. MVKlAI'oliA IN IKK A ISTKAMAN MUSKTM llR('iI,K.M ANN. 151

1'2 (7) — Meta/onites beai'iiirr suh^i or strisr, hut witlioni rirlses
or cariiifv .. 13

13 (14-) — Scohiiias waiitiiifj. Concealed aiitt'rioi' pai't of

prozoiiite witli concentric stria", exposed posterior part
punctured Sjiinihohin deconitits, Karseli.

14 (I;-!) - Scobinas jiresent .15

15 (16) — Posterior marg'in of some segments excised in

coi'resj)ondence with the scobinas of the following
segments Fhinocricus itnduJatu)^, Karsch.

16 (15) — Xone of the segments witli posterior margin excised

, 17

17 (18) — Metazonites with distinct punctures

]\ hill urn' CIS e.rcariitiiii, Silvestri.

18 (17) — Metazonites smooth or with striae 19

19 (20) — Metazonite and prozouite densely beset with strise,

showing a silky lustre. Distal joint of posterior gono-
pods ending in two flagelliform, gradually ta})ei'ing
branches, the inner of which scarcely reaches the half
of the length of the outer ..

DiiiPDXifnt'ricHf: holiisr.n'crii.^^ sp. nov.

20 (19) — Metazonite smooth, without lustre. Distal joi]it of

posterior gonopods ending in tAvo flagelliform branches
of equal length ; or else the outer branch grows wider
distad, its apex being truncate and spined 21

21 (22) — Sutural sulcus obsolete. Botli branches of posterior

gonopods are flagelliform, of subequal length. Large
size, 115 ni/m DiiioHiifncriofs iiiii-n>iiijini:i, 8ilvestri.

22 (21) — Sutural sulcus entire. Outer branch of posterior

gonopods -widened distad. ^^ledium size, 60 m/m

lihhiorricKx hicdnn'n, Silvestri.

152 KKCOIMiS (iK THK AUSTKALIAX Ml^.SKU.M.

APPENDIX.

Geuns AMASTIGOGONUS, ijeu. iiur.

^ye are mainly indebted to Attems for the knowledge we
possess of tlie luloid gronp of tlie Canibalidse.^''

Tliis oTou]) is already represented on the Australian coiiti-
nent by the genus Dlnienujinins of which the most striking
feature is the presence, in the anterior gonopods. of a flagellnni
similar to that often met with in European luloids.

Attems (1903) gave the following diagnosis of his genus

I)i Dteniijniiii.'i : —

" Ocellen zahlreich, mehreihig. Scheitelborsten fehlen.
" Oberlippenrand 3 zahnig. Mandibel mit 9 Kammblattern.
" Gnathochilarium wie bei (TlijphitilKs and Agasfrophaf! : die
" Stipites und die Zungenbliitter sind durch das Mentum und
'' das davon geschiedene Promentum vollkommen getrennt.
"Promentum ohne Langstheilung. Halsschild glatt; Runipf-
" segmente ohne erhabene Kiele ; die Metazoniten sind nur
" ventral fein langsgefurcht (etwa wie bei BlcDiliduf!), sonst
" glatt. Saftlocher weit hinter der Quernaht gelegeu, beginnen
" auf deni 6. Segment. Analsegment ohne voi'ragendes
" Schwanzchen. 1. Beinpaar des (J 6gliedi'ig. Einige
" Basalgliedei' stark verl)reitet, das Endglied klauenlos. Vor-
" dere Copulationsfiisse, 2gliedrig ; das Basalglied (=^ Hiifte)
"gross, plattig, mit einem Flagellum ; das 2. glied (= Sclienkel)
" kleiiier, niehr lateral inserirt. Hintere Copulationsfiisse
" mehr oder weniger deutlifli 2gliedrig. Heimath: Australien,
" Neuseeland."

From the ilescription of the ty]ie sjn'ciintMi, l>. crnji/iil m^,
fi-om Sydney, we learn besides that llu' aiiterioi' goiioi)ods are
provided Avith a distinct ventral phite.

The specimens pi'eserved in the Australian .Museum, iiiid
originating from Tasmania, decidedly show a relationsliip with
Attems' genus, yet cannot be placed herein, as the vential
plate of the anterior gonopods is fused with the basal joint of

='■ Attems— Zool. Jahrb., xiii., Heft 2, Isyn : Ibid, whi., Hcfl 1,
1903.

TIIK MYKIAPiihA l\ TUK A t'STIJA l.IAX MI'SKTM nPiU.K M A\X. 153

the o-oii(i|)(i(ls ; and tlicfe is, iii(U'C(l, a kind of ilaL;'(dlinii, liii( it
is very different in siinpe and position from wliat is shown in
Attenis' tigures as well as in those of conofenei'ic species
descT'ibed by Prof. Silverti'i-'*^ as it is not attached to the base of
tlie posterior inner edj^-e of tlie proximal joint, but to tlie innei'
edg^e of the distal joint. Moreover the posterior gonopods are
simple : they also bear a lateral process, but the latter is fused
willi the main stem of the oi'gan.

A new genus has consequently to be created, for which the
name Auni^tiijuiiiuii'x is proposed, with the following
diagnosis : —

Friiiianj t'Jiaracfers : — Antei'ior gonojiods two-jointed. Ven-
tral plate fused with the proximal joint of the gonoj)ods,
therefore not distinct. The distal joint beai-s a ribbon-shaped
pseudotlagellum. Posterior gonopods single-jointed. (Inatho-
chilaj'ium as in ]>i)jipr()(j(iin!x.

Sei-niidanj <_'hanirh-i:-< : — Kyes present, composed of numerous
ocelli. Labi'al notch tilled with five teeth ; setiferous dim[)les
six to eight. Mandible with five (or six) pectinate lamella?;
male mandibular stem expanded. Segments without keels or
tubercules ; last segment without caudal pi'ocess. Pores
opening in the metazonite. First, second and thii'd paii' of
legs of nuile as in T)i iiierinidu ns.

'I'lll'f' : — ^1. tiif<iiiiiiiiiiini.i. Tasmania.

Fj'om the related genera Ai/usfrdji/uis, Attems, and Jli/jm-
ci(ii(hi(Ji(, Silvestri, Ai)iii>:li(/(nj(iiiii>i is rea.dily distinguished by
the presence of the pseudotlagellum of the anterioi' gonopods.

A.MASTUWX^OXUS TASMAXIAN'l'S, -s'//. linr.

(Figui-es 32-37).

(a) ^ mat. : length 53 m/m ; diameter 2.90 m/m ; 63 seg-
ments ; two segments apodous ; 115 {)air of legs.

(b) (5" mat. : length ? ; diameter 3.20 m/m ; 62 segments ;
two segments apodous ; 113 pair of legs.

■■''' Silvestri — Fauna Hawaiicnsis, iii., I9(i4.

154 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN .MUSEUM.

(c) (^ mat.: lengtli 44 m/m ; diameter 2.^0 m m ; 56 seo^-
ments ; tliree segments apodous ; 99 paii- of legs.

(d) 9 nifi^^- : length 45 m/m ; diameter 3 m'm ; 61 seg-
ments; tliree segments apodous ; 111 pair of legs.

Black, legs brown. Body cylindrical, moderately shining.

Head smooth. Labral notch wide, rounded, provided with
five teeth ; labral setiferous dimples 8 -)- 3 to 4 -)- 4. Median
sulcus short, to be seen only on the back of the head, abruptly
bi'oken off on a level witli the inner angle of the eyes. Kyes
divided by a space about equal to the largest diameter of one
of them ; ocelli flattened, arranged in four or five series (9-J-8
-i-S+S = 33 to 10+9+9 + 8+7 = 43). Distance between
the antennae equal to about the length of the three proximal
joints. Antenna? i-eaching the posterior margin of the third
segment, scarcely clavate, moderately pilose, tipped Avith four
sensory cones. Micrometrical measurements of joints : — 1st
joint 0.172 m/m ; 2nd, 0.516 m/m ; 3rd, 0.516 m/m ; 4th,
0.430 m/m ; 5th, 0.430 m/m ; 6th, 0.473 m/m; 7th and 8th,
0.086 ni/m ; total length, 2.623 m/m. Diameter of 2nd joint
0.301 111 in ; of 6th, 0.387 m/m.

First tergite fairly long dorsally. Its sides do not reach
as low down as the second segment ; in fact they are slightly
angnlai', but, the outer margin being somewhat cui'led in, they
appear rounded when seen in profile. Surface smooth dorsally ;
the sides bear five or six moderately deep sulci, of which three
reach the level of the eyes, the reinaining twt) or three being
shortened. The anterior mai-gin is not excised.

Anterio)', concealed part of prozonite of othei' segments
showing weak concentric sti'iiv ; the lattei' ai'e marked now
and then with minute, strongly shining gi-anules, which be-
come more numerous ventrally. The posterior, exposed part
of the prozonite and the metazonite are somewhat uneven,
yet without definite sculpture except some tiny longitudinal
striae irregularly disposed, but mainly to bo found along the
suture. Transverse sutural sulcus well iniii'kt'il all round,
usually ijiterrupted on a level with the fii'st or second longitu-
dinal sulcus of the metazonite; the following sulci i-eniain

TlIK MVKIAlMhA [\ TlIK At'STKAl.IAX MUSKTM H150I,K.M ANN. 155

indej)eiidaii<, tlieii- anterior ends beiiiy dia<i'i)iially dii'ecfed uj)-
wards and gradually dying' out in the prozonite. The sulci
are more strongly marked on the anterior than on the Tnedian
or posterior segments ; they are also more numei'ous tliere than
here, and conseqiiently reach nearer to the pore. The poi'es
start from the sixth segment and open in the metazonite; they
are located high on the sides and are scai'cely nearer to tlie
sutui'e than to the posterior margin of the segment.

Last segment longish, with its posterior margin slightly
produced, the angle l)eing very wide, the apex rounded and
the margin of the segment scarcely emarginate laterally : it
just conceals the upper angles of the valves without overreach-
ing them. The valves are not prominent; they are globular
even along their margins, where some tiny, fleecy, pale hairs
ai'e to he seen. Anal sternite somewhat swollen, with almost
straight posterior margin. Sternites of the remaining seg-
ments of the body smooth, not striate. Stigmata very small.

Legs moderately long ; se(U)iid joint with two I'ovvs each of
three bristles on its ventral surface, and a crown of six
bi'istles around its distal end (tliree anterior and three
posterioi").

Male : — The lowei' edge of tlie mandibular stem is strongly

)roduced, rounded. Legs of the
first pair (fig. 32) showing a free
narrow plate at the base of the
posterior surface, which has been
considered as a ventral plate by
Dr. Attems ; a pair of basal joints
(L), largely expanded laterally,
Q^^ said to be coxfe,'^^ to which the
ti-acheal stalks f/.s-.J are attached ;
finally a telopodit composed of
five condensed -joints f^-6'j, of
which the two proximal (joints
two and three of the legs) are

broader than the thi'ce distal joints ; the last joint is globulai',

destitute of claw.

Fiji. 32. — AinastiiCOi^oiiiis tasnuviianns
— First pair of legs posterior surface

■'" The homology of ventral plate and coxuc is perhaps not quite
correct, and will have to be submitted to further examination.

156

KKCOKl'S III- THE ATSTRALIAN MfSKL'M.

Legs of the second |)air scai'cely inodified. The ventral
plate is divided into two plates ; the coxse are elongate as
usual ; their base is excavated in the middle of the posterior
surface, the space being filled by the chitinized openings of tlie
seminal ducts; the telopodit is Hve-jointed, and the joints are
noi'mal.

Legs of the third pair similar to the preceding except that
the posterior ventral plate is not divided ; the coxal joint
shows traces of the division, so that a transverse band is
seen on the anterior surface expanding laterally around the
base of the ti-ue coxal joints, the traclieal stalks being attached
to the lateral expansions; and finally the distal end of the
coxjp show an additional joint, more or less completelv
detached, which has to be considered as a trochanter.

Fi'om the fourth })air of legs backwards (fig. 33), the
trochanter ftr.) is ])resent, the second joint of all legs (prf.)

is split o])en longitudin-

t

ally on the distal half of
its ventral surface ; the
cleft is closed by a soft
mejiibrane (i».) which,
when normally evaginated,
assumes the shape of a
conical process, the apex
of which reaches over the
middle of the next joint.

Fiu. 'i'i- — Aiiiasliiioiioiiiis /asmainainis. — Three rni • i

proximal joints of a le« of the 10th pair. /r. ^ J luS membl'anaceOUS pi'O-
trochanter: w. =- memhranaceoiis process. cess becomes fullv devel-
oped only on the legs of the eighth segment and docs not
disappear but on the last few paii-s.

Coxft> of the seventh jtaii' swollen, globular

The seventh segment is bi-oader than the preceding and the
following segments; its ventral ends are twisted and pi't)trii(li'd.
The apices of the gonopods are seen to iMojecl i>iit of the cdpii-
latoi'v sac.

rilK MVKIArnPA IN I'HK A ISTKA MAN MISKIM KKol.K M A N N . I .) /

Fig- 34- — Ainastigogumii, tannanianus. —
Anterior gonopods, anterior surface.

Fig. 35- — {iiia^ligogdiiK^ iayiiui-
iiiaum. — Anterior gonopods, pos-
terior surface, c- = notch be-
tween coxa and femur.

Copulatorj appendag'es (figs. 34-37) : — Anterior gono})ods
two-jointetl. The ventral plate (V.) is not free ; it is repre-
sented by a narrow, longitudinal, median thickening fused with
the inner proximal margin of the proximal joints; the slen-
der, crooked tracheal stalks (ts.) converge towards the antei'ior
end of the thickening. Proxinial joint cylindrical, short and
broad, with its inner anterior angle pi'oduced into a long,
spatulate process, Avith rounded H])ex (rn/j. Along the an-
terior proximal margin of the joint a- notch (((.) is to be seen,
which leads us to infer that the proximal joint is the representa-
tive of both coxa (ro.r.) and femur (Fcm.) (and not oiiJ ij the

158

KECdKDS <iK TIJK AUSTIiALIAX MUSKr.M.

fctiinr, as suggested by Attenis) fused t.ogetlier. The distal
joint (T., tig. 36), or tibia, is a flattened body, expanded at its
base to articulate with the cjdindrical part of the preceding
j(*int (femur), bearing a row of bristles on its inner concave
surface ; its I'ounded apex reaches beyond tlie summit of the
coxal process ; its inner edge is folded back and is produced
into a long, gradually tapering, ribbon-shaped {)seudoflagelluni
(ps.)

Fij;. 37. — ■■{ iiias/ijfnji;itHS
lasiiianiauus. — Pos-
terior Konopod.
FiM- ',\(i.— Aiiiailigogonus lasniaiiiaiiiis.
— Distal joint of anterior gonopod.
inner view, ps- = pseudoflagelkini-

The posterior gonopods (fig. 87) are entirely indepeiidant
of one another. No ventral' plate ct)uld be traced. The
goiiopod shows no ti'ace of division, but is contracted in tiie
middh'. The distal half is lamellar, longitudinally folded at a
right suigie and truncate, and bears hmv or tive apical bristles
and an inner digitifoi-m process. The proximal half articulates
witli the long and slender tracheal stalks of usual shape.
Neithei- seminal duct noi- bladder could be detected.

Tasmania.

K\l'l,ANATI(iN OK I'LATES.

Oil all tlie Hyiires tlie t'ollowiiiju^ signs have tlie same
iiieaiiiiig" : —

///. = Seminal bladder (Spirolxilids).

<■/. = Coxo-femur.

cii.r. = Coxa or coxoide.

(I. = Seminal duet.

esk. = Endoskeletic process of coxa (Spirolxilidsj.

i'V')». ;= Femur or femoroide.

((/. ^ Outer lobe of ventral plate of anterior gonopods

(Spirobolids).
1'4.. I'd., cVc == Leg of the ^th, 5th, etc., pair.
liil. = Prostatic duct (Spirobolids).
sh. = Seminal branch of gonopods (Polydesmids).
'L\ = Tibia.

full. = Tarsal branch of gonopods (P(.)lydesinids).
///. -^ Tibial branch of gonopods (Polydesmids).
f.s-. =:: Tracheal stalk.
V. = Ventral plate (Spirobolids).
/■■^. = Posterior basal plate (Spirobolids).

FAlM.ANATKiX nK IT.AI'K \IV

( ' ijlio^itiini iiin'rwliiiiiliii', Broleinaiin.

Kiti'. 1. Posterior end of body of male, profile.

2. Ri<rlit half of anterior gonopods, seta- omitted.

,, S. Left half of posterior goiiopods.

,, 4. Posterior end of the body of female, profile.

( ' ijlidsniini /irin-ifltcih-'if^, Brolemann.

Fiy. 5. Posterior end of the bod^y of male, jiroHle.
,, 6. Rig-ht half of anterior gonopods.
,, 7. Left half of posterior g-onopods.

A iistralid.'^iiiint froijijufti , Bi'()lemann.

Fig'. S. Hight half of eopulatoi'y a[)[)endaLres, viewed 'ni

,, 9. Hiffht half of copulatory a|)pendages, outer jirotile.
,, 10. Section of 7th zouite, with coxal aperture of gonopods.
,, 11. Sternal lamina of 5th segment, ventral view.
,, 12. Sternal lamina of 5th segment, jirotile. sfl =
anteiior, and .sY'i' = posterior stigmata.

.1 iisfral i<i--<(iii/(i r(u'iiJi(>iri\ Brolemann.

Fig. IH. Left half of copulatoiy appendages, posterior-inner

view.
,, li. Left half of copulatoiy appendages, ontei' jn't^tile.

,(■ =z process of seminal bi-anch.
,, 15. Section of 7th zonite, with co.xal apertui'e of gonopods.
,, 1(). Sternal lamina of 5th segment.
,, 17. Leg of 1st pail', showing tlic tooth-like pj'ocess of

8rd joint (ti).

RKC. AUSTR. MUS., \'()L \

J'l.ATK X\V.

H. W. BluiLEMAXX, del.

KXPLANAl'Ki.N (iK PLATK XV.

Fi-.

is.

19.

20.

Fio-. -21.

Fie-.

Fi,y.

28.

24.
25.
26.

27.

28.
29.

J Hsfi'dlidsouHi /,-(isi-iiis/,-(innjinii, Bi'olenianu.

Rio'lit g'oiiopod, viewed /// sif/i. 7' = tibial stem.

'J'el()[)odite of rig'ht goiiujxxl, iiiiiei' profile.

Section of 7tli zoiiite, with coxal aperture of o'oiiojxids.

Aii'<fr(iliii'<iiiiii( ('[/n'riiii/fi, Broleniann.

Hiylit o-oiiopod, viewed in sifn. a =^oulerlapof
tibial braiioli ; h, r = pi'ocesses of tibial branch.
Kio-ht o-oiiopod, iiiiiei' pi'citile (same letteriiio- as
before.

Ai-iiiiHii nl nx hliiiiin'lh'i, Le (luillon.

Anterior gonojKxls, anterior sui'face.
Anterior g-onojiods, posterioi' surface.
Posterioi' g'onopod.
Posterior sfonopod, inner view.

S/iin'stniji/nis iliijif nl /ix, BnUemann.

Anterior gonopods, anterior surface.
Anterior i^-onopods, posterior surface.
Posterior (>-onopod. .i; ^ ti'ace of ai'ticulat ion.

HKC. AUSTH. :\irS., VOL. X.

I'l.ATi.; XV

H. W. Bii()i,K.MA\x. del

KXFLANATldN t)F PLATE XVI.

,s'y///-(i.s//-(/y/////s iliijif III iis^ Jiriilemanii.

Fig'. 30. Integuments of 19tli zoiiite, dorsal pai-t, in [unfile.
,, 81. Leg of 3rd pair.
,, 82. Leg of -itli pail'.

Sjil nilinlfll lis riiiiihnii'i, Brcileniann.

Fig. 83. Integuments of a /oiiite, dorsal jtart in ])i()tile.
,, 34. Leg of the 8rd pair.
„ 35. Anterior gonopods, anterior surface.

8G. Anterior gonopods, postericn- surface.
,, 87. Right posterior gonopod. .c ^ ti'ace of articulation ;

(t^ />, (• = ])i'ocesses.
,, '.-ii^. Proximal lialf of I'ight posterior gonopod, much
enlarged.

I h' iii'nnifnrririix (( 'I (((I iscdcric >i!i) t'i(lciifi(s, suhs]).
xi-uli'nnili(, Briilemann.

Fig. 89. Leg of 8rd paii".

,, 40. .\nterior gono])ods, anterior sui-face.

,, 41. .Vnterior gonopods, posterioi' surface, k = tians-

verse fold of the tibia.

,, 42. Right posterior gonopod.

,, 43. Scobinas of 11th /onite.

„ 44. Integuments of 80tli segment on a level with a pore.

I h'iii'iinifiirrii-ii>; '■(n/si n/ II i.--. Hi olenui mi .

Fig. 45. Scobinas of 21st zonite.

I )iiii'iiiiit(icrl<'ii.< f( nil- 1 II III, Bi'olemann.

Fig. 4f). Scobinas.

KKC. AUSTH. Mrs., VOL. X.

Pi-ate XVI,

H. \y. Bk(')Lkma\n, del.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.

Diiie)ii(iforn'ruK fdiiri 1(1)1, Bi'olemauii.

Fig. 47. Aiiterioi' gonopods, anterior surface.
,, 48. Anterior gonopods, posterior surface.

Di iicniutiH-ririis itiinlis, Brolemanii.

Fig. 49. Anterior gonopods, anterior surface.

,, 50. Anterior gonopods, posterior surface.

,, 51. Scobinas of 14tli zonite.

,, 52. Posterior end of tlie body, profile.

D'nieiii<itocrii-it:< ilinj inn-tut:, Brolemann.

Fig. 53. Anterior gonopods, anterior surface.

,, 54. Anterior goiiopods, posterior surface.

,, 55. Posterior gonopod.

,, 56. Scobinas of 14tli /onite.

,, 57. Integuments of 24tli segment, on a level with a |)oi'e.

])iiiciiii(f(irrifiis hiiii'cniiiiits, Bi'olemaim.

Fig. 58. Leg of the ;3rd ])aii'.
„ 59. Scobinas of 25tli /.(uiite.

\{VA\ ATS'l'Ii. MIS., vol,. X

I'l.ATK XVII.

H. W. Brolemann, del.

KXPf.AXATlnX (tF PI,ATK Will.

]>i iichiiitiu-rifiis hiiK'enJiitiis, Br(")I email II.

Fig. 60. Integuments of a segment of the middle of the body,

on a level witli a pore.
,, 61. Anterior gonopods, anterior surface.
,, 62. Anterior gonojjods, posterior surface.
,. 63. Tjeft posterior gouopod. ,c = place wiiere tlie

section shown on the following figure has been cut.
,, 64. Section cut through the inner branch of the

posterior gonopod.

l)i iiciiiiitni-ricn^ /HiloMericeii^:, Brc'ilemann.

Fig. 65. Scobinas of 16tli zonite.

,, 66. Leg of 3i'd pail'.

,, 67. Anterior gonopods, antei'ior surface.

,, 6S. Aiitei'ior gonopods, ])osterior surface.

,, 69. Posterior gonopod.

I h'iieiiHit<icrici(>< (■(iriiinfiis, Karsch.

Fig. 70. Scobinas of 18th zonites,
,, 71. Dorsal part of 18 segment, profile.
,, 72. Anterior gonopods, anterior surface.
,, 73. Antei'ior gonopods, posterior surface.
,, 74. Posterior gonopods ; the end of the outer branch is
bi'oken off.

KKC. AUSTR. MUS., VOL. X.

Pl,ATK XVIII,

}{. W. Brole.maw, del.

On thk status uf CHKLONFA DEPRESSA, GarnKni

l?v Dknk ]\. Fi;v, .liiiiior Assistant.

(IMjiti's xix-xxii., ami Fi^s. 88-49.)

The I'eceiit species of marine turtles represent tlie few
surviving foi-nis of a once flourishinp- o-j-oup, wliicli reached its
zenitli probahlv in late Mesozoic times. There no lonufer exist
such giy-antic and diversified monsters as Airholon, rrdtonti'ijK.
and Mioliiiii((, but. such a uniformity of structure prevails that
only four allied genera are admitted. It is natural that
three of these, which occasionally visit the European coasts,
should have been known to Linnspus, but it is sui'pi-ising that
the remaining' two, i'ltl pochcl ijx /.c/j//*//, Garnian, and I 'lii'lmu'ii
d('pre/ii<ii, (Jai'man, should have remained unknown to iiaturalists
till comparatively recently, showing that even now we cannot
safely consider our knowledge of the marine turtles as
complete.

Fig. 38. — Map showing the areas from which the various marine turtles have been
recorded. The true tiabitats are rather more reritricted. The thickly dotted area
shows the distribution of C/ie/oiiia vivil 'S, Caretta caretUi, and Kiflmoclu-lys
iinhricata. The sp-ir.;ely dotted region = Cheloiiia fafioiiica, Care/la olivacea, and
Eietmochelys squamosa. Horizontal stria ^^ Co//>oche!vs kt'>ii/>ii. Perpendicular
stri-B = Clit^loiiia drpirssa. Oblique stria = Caretta reinivaoia. (a supposed species
needing confirmation).

Of the tive^ marine turtles, the Green, Hawksbill, and
Loggerhead are almost cosmopolitan in habitat, the other two
being peculiarly restricted (fig. 38). Cnlporlieltis kfnipii is
recoi'ded only from the Gnlf of ]\fexico and as far north as

I A sixth species of turtle lias been described by Dr. Hay (Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxiv., 1908, p. 194, pi. x., fig. 1-3, pi. xi., fig. 5) as
Caretta renilriKja, from the <iulf of Tehuantepec, Western Coast of
Mexico. It is fomided on two skulls, one of which was earlier referred
by Dr. Baur (Amer. Nat., xxiv., 1809, p. 487) to Lepidochelys olivacea,
Esch., and it certainly needs confirmation.

160 KECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Atlantic Cit}-^, New Jersey, on the At laiitie Coast of tlie United
States, wliile ('helouia depressa is known from the East Indies,
Northern and North Eastern Coasts of Australia and Torres
Strait.

The limited habitats of ('olpochel ijti and ('. ihji resign suufufest
that (1) these two species are moi'e recent specialisations,- and
(2) that they are weaker swimmers, lacking the nomadic
instincts of the better known forms. The distribution of each
points to their having arisen in the two great coral-reef areas
of the world, the former from a Caretta-Yx^e ancestor in the
West Indies, and the latter from a ('. //^//r^(^•-like stock in the
tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere.

Dr. R. E. Coker-^ points out that, as Colpocheli/n breeds
considerably before Curetta, in fact in the winter instead of the
summei' months, this diffei'ence in bi'ceding habit may suggest
the possible means of isolation of the two forms in jiast times.
This cannot be said of ('. depres.ta however, for it bi-eeds all
the year round, but peculiarly with a slight falling off in the
months August to November which chiefly form the breeding
season of C. viydas. Nevertheless, that ('. depressa is a
weakei" swimmer than (\ riiiid(i.<< is evident, for the flippeis
are much smaller and not so well supported by hard, horny
plates, while the retlexed margins and broader body can.not lie
so well suited to a speedy passage through the wiitcr. It is
quite possible then, that tlie former character, ai-isini;' thrmigli
some local influence, nuiy have been a factor in tlie past
separation of C di-prcfr^K from n I', m i/ilidi-Wke anct'stoi-.

The Ureen, Hawksl)ill, and Loggei'head turtles liave by
some authors*,^, been recognised as each constituting two
species, one confined to the Atlantic Oceans ami the other to
the Pacific and Indian Oceans. No clear definitions of the
Pacific species have yet appeareil. the Atlantic forms being

- Tho presence of liit^lily developed ai-eol.e (see post), wliich I
regard as a specialised advance on the " larval shields" of C. niiitlns, aiitl
a slif^lit reduction in the exteut of the teiii])onil roof (see post), lend
supitort to this view.

:' Ooker— Bull. N. Carol, (^eol. Surv., 14. 19()fi, p. (iO.

•• Uarinan— Bull. Mus. Conip. Zool.. v., 1880, p. li>:{. and Hull. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 25, 1884, p. 301.

6 Stejneger— Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 58, IWJ, p. 5(H).

ON THK STATI'S (>F CHKT.ONIA HKPRKSSA FRY, IT)!

ree^arded as tlie true Liiiiiean speciew, and on this account 1
I'ogard the division as one needinjj- contiiniation, altliontch, to
show the sig'nificajico of such a sepai-ation, their distiibutioii is
illustrated in ti'i'. 3S as tlioii^'h it was an established one.

('Iu'!(ii/ii( (ffjircsi^d is a species founded by Mr. Sainnel
(iarinan''in 1881, on some younji;' and adult specimens in tlie
Museum of Comparative Zooh)');-}- at Havard University, from
the East Indies and North Australia, in his "Catalogue of
tlie Chelonians in tlie Bi-itish Museum," published in 1889, Dr.
G. A. Bouleiiger'' considered this S[)ecies as syntuiymous with
tlie Green Turtle, Cln'Jonin iin/ihiH. In May 1890, l)i". (Jeoi-ge
Banr^ examined the type s[)ecimen and came to the conclusion
that, not only was Dr. Boulenger's transference wrong, but
tliat in his opinion Carman's species was genei-ically distinct.
Later, in 1908, Mr. A. R. McCulloch^ described a new genus
and species of turtle from Port Darwin, North Australia, under
the name of Natator tessellatits. At the time he had only a
young example possessing very distinctl}- areolated scutes,
quite absent in Carman's older specimens, and which, without
an intermediate series, cei-tainly aj)peai'ed very different. I
am now able to show that, as McCul loch's type otherwise agrees
witli Carman's specimens, they must be considered as belonging
to the same species, for the areolae prove to be present in the
juvenile condition only. It is mainly with the young stages
reseinl)ling McCulIoch's type that this ])aper deals.

Clicloiiia depressa was, until quite recently known fi-om
Garman's type specimens only. Then Mr. McCulloch described
Natator whose identity of course was not recognised. While
arranging the Clielonians in the Australian Museum I dis-
covered two other young examples, one of which was just
hatched, and the other an intermediate stage between tliis and
the type sj)ecimen of Natator. Another turtle, about twice
the size of the type of McCulIoch's genus, was collected by
Messrs. C. Hedley and A. R. McCulloch at Murray Island, and
differs from the type of Natator in having soft scutes which are
quite smooth and altogether free fi-om areolae. The general

8 Garinan— Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vi., 1881, p. 124.

7 Boulenger— Brit. Mus. Cat. Chelonia, 1889, p. 182.

« Baur— Amer. Nat., xxiv., 1890, p. 487.

" McCulloch — Rec. Austr. Mus., vii., 1908, p. 126, pis. xxvi-xxvii.

162 RF.CORPF! OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

resemblance, liowever, was very strikiiiff, and oji jilacing
the four side by side in order of age, it became evident rliat it
was only an older foi-ni than the type specimen. This largest
specimen, about ten-and-a-half inches in length, apjtears to be
comparable to Garman's youngest ones, ('lidoiiia ilfjircftxit then,
emerges from the e^^ with each scute covered by a "'larval
shield " which, as the animal grows, becomes an areola almost
identical with that found in land tortoises ; this is finally
shed before the turtle reaches maturity, leaving the smooth
scutes described by Garnian and tigiired on Pis. xxi-xxii. As
far as I can ascertain these areol.ne are unique amongst mai-ine
turtles.

Whilst recently at the Queensland ^[useuni in Brisbane Mr.
McCulloch was shown some young turtles which he recognised
as his Xitfafor tfi^si^Uatns. Mr. H. A. Longman iiiformed him
that the}' were the specimens referred to by Mr. J. Douglas
Ogilby^*^ as possible hybrids between Ert^fiiwcJif'Ju-t iinhrlcafa
and Caretta c.aretta. Later, four other specimens were f(nind,
and three of them were kindly forwarded to me by the
Director, Dr. R. Hamlyn-Hari-is, wliich, with tlie four
Australian ^Museum examples, make ten specimens in all.
Seven of these I have been able to examine, and, with mII tlicir
data, they are as follow : —

Specimen 1 — (PI. xix., fig. 1 and figs. ;^9 a-b, 4-4a).

IjOC. — Port Darwin, Northern Territory, North Aiistinlia.
Collected by Mr. Hugh W. Christie, Lighthouse-keeper at Point
Charles. This specimen is evidently just hatched, and is in
the Australian Museum.

Specimen 2.

IjOC. — New (luiiiea ? Tjent by the Queensland MiistMim,
Evidently just hatched.

Specimen -i.

Loc. — New Guinea? Lent by the Queensland Museum.
Slightly older than the alxne.

SjH'cinteii 4 — (figs. 89 (•-(! and -i-ib).

/.",-. — 'i'or'res Strait. Collected by Mr. Alex. Morton, March
1S7!>. Slightly oldei" than specimen No. 3. In the .Australian
Museum Collection. *

1" O^ilby — Proc. Roy. Soc. t^'laiul., xix., 1905. p. 17 (footnote), Keppel
Bay, Queensland.

ox 'I'MK status of ChKMtN'lA MKl'RKSSA Fin'. l63

Speriiih-ii o— (PI. xix., ti---. li).

Lor. — New (tiiineH ? Lent l)y tlie C^)ueeiis!aii(l Musouiii.
tSlightlv tiMer tlmn the |ifeee(lini;- one.

Sji''rihn'ii () — (ii,i:'s. -t'O ii-1) nnd 44c).

l^oc. — i'oft Dafwin, Nortliern TerritoiT. Noi'tli Australia.
Collected In Mi". Wn^^h W. Cl.iistie, in" .liine, 1908. Tl)is
specimen is the type of XnlKtur fcs.o'llnl !/.<, McC'nIhich, and is
in the Aii^tialian Museum Collection.

S})eci))ieN 7— (Pis. xxi-.xxii., and tigs. 41 a-b, 42, 44(1, 45b,
46b, 47 a-b, 48a, 49f).

7,^,,.. — Mui-ray Island, 'J'orres Sti-ait. (collected by Messrs.
C. Hedley andA. K. McCulloch. in September, 1907. This
specimen' is more than twice the size of the ty])e specimen of
X'ltiitor /f^,-;^>'//(?/"<. The head has been cast and skeletonised.
In the Australian Museum Collection.

1 wish to express my thanks to the fullowing gentlemen who
have in various ways assisted me in the preparation of the
these pages: — Dr. (1. A. Boulenger, of the British Museum;
Dr. H. L. Kesteven, of the University of Sydney ; Dr. R.
Hamlyn-Harris, Director, and Mr. H. A. Longman, of the
Queensland Museum, Bi'isbane ; and lastly Mi. A. R.
McCulloch, whose kindly interest ami advice has been a great
help to me.

All I'urlii reffn-iire to CwKiiONiA HKPKKSSA. — Mr. C. Hedley
very kindly called my attention to a nc^te made by Joliu
Macgillivray in his " Narrative of the Voyage of H. M. S.
' Hatllesnake,'" which alnmstcertainly applies totiiis species:—
•' Turtle forms an important article of food, and four different
kinds are distinguished at Cape York and the Prince of Vfales
Islands. Three of these can be identified as the Green, the
Hawksbill, and the Loggerhead si)ecies, and tlie fourth is a
small one which [ never saw."ii This information was given to
Macgillivi-ay by the natives who were known to be very keen
discriminators between even closely allied forms. The speci-
men of ^ 'A^/d///" i1f'iin'!i!<i) figured on Pis. xxi-xxii, was bonglit
from the natives of Mui-ray Island, wlio also recognised it as
distinct from tlie Green Turtle. As we now have an authentic

11 Macgillivray — Narr. Voy. " Kattlesnake," ii., 1852, p. 21.

164 RKCOKD.S OP tHE AUSTRALIAN .MrpKU.M.

specimen of ('. (/cy/rcx.s-i; from Cape York and anotlier from
Murray Island near by, there seems to be little doubt tliat
Macgilliviay must be credited witli tlie Hrst reference to fliis
species.

Xdlcs tin liiiJiitx, I'll-. — it is of interest here to note tliat the
Murray Jshmd specimen of ('. di'itrt'ttxn was fed by the natives
ou lierrings, which it ate freely. ltaj)pears liowever, th.atthis
need not necessarily be its natural food, for Mr. R. li. Ditmars^-
has recently i-ecorded Clirhmiu iinidiis^ wliich we have been
wout to j-egard as exclusively herbivoi-ous, feeding fi-eely in
captivity ou tish, mussels, etc. He writes: — "All showed
a prefei'ence for fish over otlier food ; <hey would also
eat mussels, oysters and clams — after the nn)llusks had been
removed fi'om their shells ; an occasional turtle would nibble
at sea-weeds, but immediately left such food when a dead fish
was thrown into the tank. Without doubt, wliile in a wild
state, the Green Turtle necessarily feeds largely on marine
vegetation." I have examined many yards of Green Turtle
intestine in quest of Entozoa, and, although animal food
abounded in the vicinitj-, nothing of that nature was found.
As the form of the jaws differs very little^-' from that of ('.
}itijd<ts, it is nnire than pi'obable that under natural conditions
C. depress^ is also herbivorous, which is certainly borne out by
Mr. H. W. Christie's remarks quoted below. Thi-oughout the
animal kingdom there is no lack of evideiu'e of animals in
captivity prefei'ring, a-nd even tlii'iving on a diet that is abso-
lutely strange to them in a natural state.

Mr. Hugh W. Christie, is very tirm in his belief as to the
distinctness of ( '. dejirest^n from ('. iin/ildti and foi-wards the
following very interesting notes: — " ( '. dcjirpx.'^d is j)urely a vege-
tarian so far as my observations go, as also ai-e ('. unjdd^
and I'Jn-l iiior}ii'l 1/!^ i iiilirlcalti, whereas tlit> bhicks say I'lirrttn
(•(//•(>//" eats shell-lisli, but I have had no cliance of iil)S(Mving it.
C. dfiprt'snK lays its eggs on all the sandy beaches round here
and on some of the islands, namely — Indian, Baresand, Quail

12 Ditmars— Eeptiles of the World, 1910, p. 47.

'•' In a paper by Dr. Haur on various turtles he not«s what ho 0(mi-
siders an important ditferonce in the lower jaw of C. deprvusa (Amor.
Nat., xxiv., 1H!K), p. -im). In the young skull at my disposal the dilTer-
ences are very slight (see post).

(iN I'lIK SIAI'i:s (II' cilKMiNIA MKI'liKSSA \'\{Y . 1<)5

and West I'eroii. ()ii llicliisl iiiciit ioiicd isliind, j)ossessiiif; five
miles ot" heacli, I coiiiifed tliii'(eeii iicsis williiii a spaee of
twenty yai'ds. Tliey come and hiy on llm beacdi near tlie
li^-litlioiise, usiiiilly at sprinf^-lidc. 'I'lic next s[trin«»--tide tlie}'
retuiMi and lay \i^\'\ lu'ar the same spot, and so on, fof Hve oi- six
months. They do not seem to lia\e any part i(MiIai' l)i'eeding'
season, l)nt towards tlie end of t.lie dry season, in the months of
Aufifnst, iSe[)tenjl)ef and October, thei'e is, if aiiythinfj;', a little
slacking' off. The females usually lay at nip^ht time, and with tlie
aidof a hurricane lamp, of which they take not the si ig'h test notice,
I have of ten watched them pi"e})aring their nests and laying' their
eggs. They twist about so as to harden the surface somewha.t
before commencing to dig. The hind fiij)pers alone are used
in excavating and are worked alternately, being turned out-
wards like a scoop, a sharp jerk throwing the sa.nd a yard a way.
The hole made is eight or nine inchs in diameter and one foot
or more deep. She then moves her vent over the hole and Mty
or sixty eggs are laid in about five minutes. The average
number of eggs laid is fifty ; the greatest number I have seen
is seventy-eight, and the smallest twenty-four. The hole is
then filled in and a large mound scraped over it, the front
flippers being used for this — thus the eggs are eighteen to
twenty-four inches from the surface. She then makes for the
sea. The period of incubation is about six weeks. When
leaving the nest the young do not run together but spread out
and i-un fan-wise to the water, as I have counted fifty-two
separate tracks. The eggs and meat are a great source of food
to the blacks ; I have eaten hundreds of the eggs but find the
meat disagreeable and not nearly so good as that of C.viydasM
T never saw these turtles basking in the sun. They are appar-
ently a nervous creature in the water Init when up on the
beaches laying they take notice of nothing and w'ill crawl over
a sleeping black ' or through his camp fire. i\ flepressa is
much flatter than ('. imjdatt ami is shell-less — that is, there
are no hard plates, but a leatheiy skin only envelops the
bony skeleton. ( '. deprei^sa is known to the Larrakeyah tribe
of blacks as ' Adymer,' to the Bierly tribe as ' Ballan,' and
to the Wogite tribe as 'Ingering.' "

1^ This may perhaps be the secret of the absence of this species from

the turtle market, and thus, indirectly, the reason for its having been
overlooked for so long.

l66 RECORDS OK THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

The iih'iititij of Natator tesski.latus n-iili Cheldma dehk-essa. —
1 have little doubt that Xahitnr trssrllufuf:, McCullocli, Foundeil
on a juvenile specimen, is only the young- stage of thr turtle
described by Garman, from adult matei'ial, as ( 'lirlciiin '/(■^//•(?x,««.
Nevertheless, when McCulloch's desci-iption is compaied with
Gaiman's, numei-ous disci'ej)ancies will be noticed. 'J'o a o'reat
extent these ai'e accounted for by t)ne or the othei' of two
reasons. (1) McCulloch's type seems younger than atiy of the
specimens mentioned by Garman as "young" ; (2) Gafman's
types, according to Baur,are dried specimens, whilst McCulloch's
type, and indeed all the specimens known to me, ai'e spii'it oi-
formaline specimens. The Hrst would account for (larman's
statement that the plates a.re smooth in both tlie young and
adult. The second for the remark that the ])addles are in-
dented between the digits, which is easily understood, as they
are covei'ed by soft wriiikh'd skin instead of hard lioniy sup-
porting plates as in i'. nuiilii.<; this last cliai'actcr seems to
have escaped Garman's notice. 1 am at a loss to understand
his statement thai in the young the cai'a])ace lias three low
ridges. Tliere is cei'taiiily no trace of them in my specimen,
but perhaps this too can l)e accounted for hy the sliriiikaL!''' due
to ilrying.

Tlic .s■^///^^• (if till' iii'iiit.< NatATiiI}, Mrl 'iillnr/i. — ({ai'manl'"'
described Chehuiin (li'iif('^>-(i, of which Xafntur trs.'O'lhif )!.■<,
McCulloch,^*^ becomes a synonym, as a new species only. On
examining the tvpe specimen, nine veais later, l)i\ Baur'' niaiie
the following I'ema-rks : — " f'liclnuiii (Jcju-co^d, Garman, wliic'n is
considered by lioiilenger as a synonym of i 'In'loiiln nii/iha'

does not belong to the genus Chelonia. atall The lower

jaw has a greatly' developed book very much like /.i y//-/ci7/c///.s
l-en>p{i\ Garman, but thei'e is a median ridge on the symphysis,
something like L-'jiiihirli, 'I i/s <il i rdceii.f, ^schach. Until the skull
of this species is known it is im])ossibIe to decide wlietliiM- it
belongs in Thala-ssocheivs, Lepidochelys, or, wlial I iliink
probable, to a new genus." if ( 'In'ltnn'it tlcjH-i'^.-'it i-eally represents
a distinct genus, therefore, Mr. McCulloch's nanH:> Xididdr must
be used to designate it, but as shown by the following pages, a
final judgment is best i-esei'ved until the adult skull has been
studied.

>■' (^aniiHii— Mull. Mus. (V.iui). Zuol.. vi.. 1881, ]). 124.
"« McCullodi — R.JC. .\ii.str. Mas., vii., 1908, p. 126.
"7 Baur— Auier. Nat., xxiv., 18',»(), j). 487.

ON TIIK SI'ATl'S III' illKi.iiNIA 1 1 K I'K KSSA KI.'Y. 1<!7

.M.-Ciillocli"' .sc|i;n'MttMl (lie ifcniis Snhilar IVoiii I ' li,'l ,ui 1 n as
tollows: '■ l''r()m tliiti l;i'iiiis, Ii(i\vc\ it. i( is scpiii-ilfd liv llie
tiifft'ii'iit ;iniini.'('int'nl nl' tlic sliiclds of I lie licad, ami tlitf
distiiictlx paiit'd nurlial. AImi llif ii|i|)ci' sliitdds < d' hotli liead
and l»i>d\ liavccarli a lari^c s\ imiim'I lica 1 ai'cida placci] ratlier
litdiiiid I lu'ii' ccnl fi'S." 'I' lie most iiii|Miita iil (if t Iicm' (dia racters,
tin' [laiii'd iiiudial, \\h' ihi\v know to Itc imdiistaiil. 1 1^ is not
[MH'Sfiit 111 aii\ ol ( iaiinairs exam pK's. In tlic lour A usti'a.liaii
Museum specimens it is divided in the type alone, wliile Mr.
Lono-man intoi'ins me it is paired only in two cases out of tlie
si.x; in tlie Queensland Museum. 'IMie head sliiedds do not differ
fiuidanientall V Iriun those of i'. iiiiidn^^, the most impoiiant
differences hcini;- the larj^'cr siipi'aocii lai' in ' '. ilrpi-f.^.-in and the
pi'esence of onl\' three'-' posioculai' scales instead of four oi-
five. 'I'lie areolated sliields of the youny, and the soft, iiiteuu-
mentar\ coverin<^' of t lie ha lf-L;i-o\\ n specimen, ai'e g'ood dis-
tinguish inf>' cliaracters, and may prove of generic value when
further adult material comes to liiiht. 'The rounder outline,
the deeper nindial i)a\, and the I'eHexed mar^-inals, ttJgelher
with the piedoniiiiance of wrinkle<l skin on the flippers, ai'e,
without anv knowledge of the adult condition, good specific
characters only. The differences noted in the jaws of the two
foi'nis by Dr. Uaur-"are not present"^! in my specimens. The
single young skull available to nie (see post and Hgs. 4-7a-b,
•iSa, and -iOf) divei'ges considei'ably from that of ( '. iin/diin, but-
hei-e again we ai-e in ignorance of tlie true adult chai-aotei's. ]t
will thus be seen that the re-discovery of the adult is very
desii-able, foi- on its condition hinges the whole question of tlie
validity of the genus Xntnhir. Meanwhile, however, in the
absence of any established features on wliicdi to characterise
that genus, it seems best to regard it as synonynious with
i'/iehiiiiif. In tliis view Mr. McCulloch concurs with me.

'8 McCulloch— Rec. Austr. Mas., vii., 1908, p. 126.

i» Garman— Bull. Mus. Couip. ZuuL, vi., 18H1, p. 125 gives the
" postorbitals " as 3-4.

•■^'J Baur— Amer. Nat., xxiv., 1890, p. IW.

-1 I think it is possible that the produced lioniy slieatii of the lower
jaw, which would he present in a stuffed specimen, is tlio real cause of
Dr. Banr's remarks. On the removal ot this however, the jaws are
almost identical with those of C. mydai>.

i68 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Keij tn the tiro ^perie^i nj Chei,onia : —

(a) — Young' with diHtinet areola^. Three ])ostu(Mihif sliieliis.
Cai-apaee bow-sliape«l in transverse section. Jiinil)s

CDvered mainly b}' wrinkled skin ..

('. ilppreifiid, Garnian.

(h) — Yoini^^ with only very thin scales covering the scutes.
Four or five postoculars. Carapace tectiforin in ti-ans-

vei'se section. Limbs covered by liard lioi-ny plates

( '. Ill ijilii^. I>innfeus.

Re-descript'nui ((ml »'5'i/ """,'/"*.'/ '^^ Cheloma dephessa. — The
dried condition ot Garman's specimens has been the cause of
several misleading statements. On this account j liave not
intercalated bis remarks in the re-description wliicli follows : —

Chelonia pepressa, Garwati.

(Plates xix., xxi., xxii. ; Figs. 39, 40, 41a and b, 42, 44, 4r)b,

46b,47 a and b, 48a, 49fj.

Chelonia ilej^fessu, Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vi., 1881,

p. 124.
Chelo)il<i ! depres!i<i, Baur, Amer. Xat., xxiv., 1890, ji. 487.
CJieluite iiiijdiix, Bouleugei', Brit. Mus. Cat. Cheltmia, 1889,

p. 183 (part).
Xatntor tesselldtKs, McCullocb, Rec. Austr. Mus., vii., 1908, p.

126, pis. xxvi-xxvii.

Head (figs. 39, 40, 41a-b) :— Very much like that of ('.
niijdiiii ; once and one quarter (in very young- specimens) to
once and one tliird as long as broad. Priefrontals only as long
as the supraocular, longer than tlie parietal ; sei)arated from
the maxilliary sheath antero-laterally by an area of smooth skin
wliich connects the fleshy nasal region with the soft-parts
surrounding tlie eye. Frontal pentagonal, longer than bi-oad ;
three-quarters (in very young examjdes) or two-thirds the
lengtl) of tlie pra?fi'ontals ; as long as oi" slightly shortei' (in the
oldest s[teciiucM) than the parietal. Pai-ictal broader thau
long, pentagonal or octagonal, smaller than in ('. iiii/dii!<. A
single narrow band-like post-parietal which may be divided
into three, is present in the young specimens ; in the oldest
specimen it is much broader, owing to the backward growth of
tlie parietal bone which it covers, but is still divideil into
three. In ('. iiiifdn.t I have noted the same vaj-iation in growfli
but in that species it is almost always paired, iu one case only

ON THK STATl'S (IF CllKl.dNIA I'Kl'UKSSA KKY.

169

liiive 1 seen it (li\ idt'd in In t 1ii'(M\ ( )iu', soiiicl iiiu's t wo toiiiporal
sliields ill cpiitact with tlie parietal. Below tlie su|>ra<)CiilHr
tliiee scales (po.stocMilars) bordei- the oihit posteciorly, the
lower, sitnateil in such a position as to 1)6 designated a sub-
ocular, is ver^' pointed anteriorly. Postei'ior to these are
seven to nine small shields while in ('. hnjiltiti there are twelve
to foui'teen, or even more. In very youn<^ examples all the
scales have areolse, but in the oldest specimen they are quite
smooth. The areola covei's the whole scale in newly hatched
examples, becoming' situated within the border in older specimens
owing to the peripheral growth of the scute.

Fig. 39.~C/ieloiiia cfefiressa, Garm. a. and b, dorsal and lateral view

of head of specimen No. 1. c and d, same of specimen No. 4

(enlarged).

170

RECORPP OF THK ACSTKAIJAX MTSECM.

Tlie upper jaw is nicked at the tip in _vonn<): spei-iineiis, l)ur
it gets Lfradually slmllowei" with age. Owing to tliis A-sliaped
bay the biting edge presents a sliglitly sigmoid curve. Lowei'
jaw with tlie horny sheath produced at tlie tip into a rather
strong, hooked, beak-like process. Xot sei'rated in the vouiii^-.
or onlv faintly so.

p'ii>. 40. — Oie/n>/ia drfii-f.'.ui, Oinm. Lateriil ami (.(orsal views of the

head of the type specimen of Xalator tesscl/atiis, .McCiiIl. (SpL-ciiiion

No. 6 enlarged).

The head dift'ei's mainly from that of ('. >injiJit>; \\\ tlu- foMow-
ing points: — Tlie prjefrontals do not for-iii a suture anttMiorlv
with the maxilliary sheath, and are not longer than the
supraocular. Tliere are only thi-ee instead of four oi- live
post(KMilar scales. The j)ost-parietals are never symmetrically
paired, being undivided or three in number. Areola^ present
in the young.

Cn-'iji'irr (tigs. IL'-U): — Slightly archrd, broadly oval
but never shield-shaped, only slight I v nai'i'owcr lichirul
than in front: lateral edges refiexcd : sti'oiiglv scrratrd and
sjiined in the specimens in which areola' persist, but less
strongly Herrated in the oldest specimen. in traiis\erse section
the carapace presents the lines of a bow. Nucha! slightly
emarginate in very young e.vamples but vei-y deeply concave
in the oldest specimen ; paired in three out of the ten
specimens. Marginals sti'onglj- I'eHe.xed in the ohlest specimens,
but defle.ved in the vounger ones ; in twelve pairs, the first of
which are rarely in contact with the first vertebral shield ;

ON THE STATI'S OK CHKLONIA I'EPHKSSA FRY.

171

Fig. 41. — a. and b., dorsal and lateral view of headof Clte!u>iiadepressa,Qm-m. (specimen

N'o. 71. c. and il, s-ime of Chelonia mydas, L. from a specimen of appro.ximately the

same size as that of C. depy^isa.

Pr. Fh - pi iif'/i on/a/, Fn.~/ronia/. SO. — supicioiii/ar. Pak.— / aiif /a'.
'Vv.wp.—iempiira/. Po. VAR.—po^/-piiric'/ii/. \\\. SH.—>"ti.i-i//iiUy <liealli.

rliose ot" tlie posteriof half, as long' as or sliylitly longer than
bi'oad ; each with the areola situated towai'ds the postei-o-hitei-al
hortlei- and pi-odiieed into a sjiiiie. Costal shields in tour
pairs; the ai-eohe when present, placed towards tlie innei' and
postei'ior borders. \'ertebrals five in number, niueh broader
in the younger tlian in the older specimens (fig. 4-i), with
the areolfe placed nearer the posterior than tlie anterior
border.

172

RECOEDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Fig. 42- — Chfhuia depressa, Garm. Carapace of
specimen No. 7.

In the type specimen (No. 6) tlie sliields are ratlier soft but
distinctly horny, and exhibit distinct concentrically an-antred
tortoise-shell markings. In the five younger ones they are
covered by the strongly |iitted areolse to such an extent as to
prevent a satisfactory examination of this character. In the
laro-est one however (No. 7), in which the areolae have pi-e-
sumablv been shed, the boundaries are marked by vei'y tine
furrows, while the}' are quite soft, almost flesliy to the touch,
and not at all horny.

The carapace tlieii, differs markedly from ('. iin/ilas in the
following points: — Instead of being tectiform in transverse
section, owing to the reiiexed marginals it presents the curves
of a bow. It is also more depressed in the median line. The
outline is an ahnt)st even broad oval, but slightly longer than
broad, with a much deeper nuchal bay. The nuchal shield is
sometimes divided. The nnii-ginais are strongly retlexed except
in very young specimens whose rotundity is no doubt ilue to
their i-ecent accommodation within tlu' egg. Areola^ are
present in very young examples.

ftN THR STATUS OF CHKI.ONIA DFPRFSSA FRY.

178

Fig. 43.

-C/if/oiiiti iHvJas, Linn. Carapace of a specimen
about 200 m.m. long, from Queensland.

Fig. M.— Chelonia deptessa, Oarm Vertebral shields showing variations due to

age. ", specimen No. 1 : '''. specimen No. 4; f, specimen No. 6; 'I. specimen No.

7. For the respective lengths of these specimens see the table on p

174

RKCOKDS OF THK AURTKALTAX MFSEFM.

rinsfrnii (fig. -i.^h) : — Witli st fi'iiti-ly slnpiiio- sides in the
reii'iou of the bridge, and with pronounced ph^stral ridges in
the young. Of the median sutures that of <lie femorals is the
h)ngest. A distinct (7tli) pair of small plates wedged in be-
tween the liindei- paT-t of the anals is pi'esent in all the
specimens. TnFi-amarginals sub-equal, in four pairs ; ;i single
sliield between the first one and the humeral, but no distinct
row of plates (brachials^ bordering the pectorals, hnmerals and
gulars as in ('. )iiijihi>; (figs. -iSa and b). Ai'eola^ ill-defined,
smooth and nmst prominent on the median sei'ies of shields, the
plastral ridges passiuL;' 1h rough thcni.

Fi,i4. -I.i.- «, C/ii'/oi/ia inydas, Linn. .Axilla ;ind anterior half i>f plastron. f>,
Clit'lonia tiepiyssa, Garm. .Axilla and antL-ridi- half of plastron of specimen \o. 7.

The plastron diffeis fi'oni that of ( '. /////r?(^v' chiefiv i)y the
presence of a small pair of shields posterioi' to the anals, aiul
in the strongly sloping sides, dite to the I'eflexeil margin of the
body. The absence of a I'ing of small brachial p'ates bordering
the sliields in the a.xilliarv region is also cliaractei'istic.

Sot't-jiiiits : — The soft-parts of tlie head and neck liavea vei-y
different appearance to those of ('. miiihis, being vci'v finely
wrinkled and of a fine leathery texiure. In <'. unjiJiis tlic skin
is yery coarsely wi'inkledand folded, ami is besef with numerous
small, roundish, hoinv plates, on the eyelids and in the nuchal,
mental, and tail regions.

/''();•/'-//'/;//»>• (tig. 4(1 b ) : — Somi'wiiat weaker and smaller than
those of ('. intjiii^. Tliev an'Co\t'i('d ii\ a liuf]\- wiinklcd ^kin
except in the followino' places. The anterior inari^'-in bcMrs a
I'ow ol s(pia mini form a iched pla tes ; t he upper poslei'ior border
has a series of thin, tlexi ble, sjia t ulate scutes, I he pi-oxinia I ones
being slightly separate I from mie anoi her ; a row of wea k pla i es

t)N' TIIK STATt'S OK CHhU.oMA MKI'KKSSA F\i\. 175

mark distiiu'tly the [)<).sitinn of an underlying phalanx. Under-
sui'faces like the uf)[)er but lacking tlie posterior row of horny
plates, the wrinkled skin extending to tliat margin. There are
sometimes indications of two claws but generally only one is
distinct.

Fif< 46.— a, Chelonia iiiydas, Linn. Dorsal view of right flipper. A, Chelouia
depressa, Garm. Dorsal view of right Hipper of specimen No. 7.

Hiiid-linibs : — The hind-limbs resemble the anterior pair in
being covered by wrinkled skin instead of horny scales as in
C'. myclas. There are only one or two plates indicating the
underlying digits. A single, well developed claw is present.

The limbs are markedly weaker than in 0. my das, and, in
correlation with the other soft parts, are covered by a finely
wrinkled integument which is not beset with juxtaposed horny
scutes as in that species (figs. 46a and b).

Colour : — The scutes of the upper surfaces of the young
specimens are uniform brown, in one case showing distinct
tortoise-shell markings in concentric rings ; the areolae are of a
somewhat lighter brown, and when frayed or worn, peel ol¥ in
mica-like flakes. The flippers have light yellowish borders
and a dark grey or blackish patch on the distal half. The
oldest specimen is drab-grey above, with greenish-olive flippers.
Head shields sometimes bordered with yellowish. Lower
temporal plates and under surfaces uniform light yellowish-
olive.

176

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Measurements in millimetres.

Specimen Nu.mber. 1

2

3

4

5

6
Type

7

Length of carapace

62

62

71

73

75

115

258.

Width of carapace

48

48

64

62

68

100

2r2.

Length of head to

postparietal

22

22

24

24

24

29

65

Width of head

18

17.5

18

18

18.5

23

50

1 Length of fore-limb

50

48

54

53

50

78

145

Length of hind-limb

34

33

36

34

33

43

100

Length of tail, from anus

'

6

6

6

6

6.5

13

Locs. : — The Australian Museum ])ossesses s[)ecimeiis from
Port Darwin, Northern Territory ; Cape York, Queensland ;
and Murray Island, Torres Strait. In the Queensland Museum
are three examples from Keppel Bay, Central Eastern Queens-
land. From Macgillivray's note quoted above (p. 163), it
appears that this species occurs at Prince of Wales Island near
Cape York ; this is certainly to be expected. Garman gives
the type localities as East Indies and North Australia. The
present known distribution may be stated as the P]ast Indies,
northern coast of Australia, islands of Torres Strait, and
eastern coast of Queensland (iig. 38).

" Liirvid xhields " or areola' ; tlnu'r sfructure, variation,
and (jroirtlt : — What are here termed " larval shields " are the
temporary superficial scales which, during the infancy of the
turtle, cover more or less completely the real scutes of tlie
head, carapace, and y)lastron. As the underlying scute extends
its area peripherally the larval shield withdraws from its
edges, those of the carapace and plasti'on becoming situated
eccentrically, rather behind the centre of the scute. At this
stage the larval shields are comparable to the so called "aieolfe"
of land tortoises (particularly those of the family Testudinidae)
described by Agassiz-- and Ct)ker.--» The areola of tortoises
are stated by Gadow^^ to become added to yeai- by year b}'^ a
layer of horn, and, in some forms, although they are
periodically shed, the last formed stratum of horn serves as the

'-- Agassiz — Nat. Hist. U.S., i., p. 259.

•■;:' Coker— Bull. N. Carol. Geol. Surv.. It, 1!H)(5, ]>. 2(5.

-•' Gadow— Cainbr. Nat. Hist., ReptiU«s. Htol, \^. :?2t).

0\ TIIR STAPI'S (IF CIIKI.OXIA DKI'UKSSA VRY . 177

base of a new one beneath wliich are developed othei- layers,
preserving the shape and size of the original areola. The
areolfe of these tortoises then, would appear to serve some
definite function throughout life and cannot in a true sense be
regarded as "larval" characters. In the case of the turtle
however, at the time of hatching, these shields have reached
their maximum develo])ment, and from then onwards, owing
to the wear and tear to which they are naturally subjected,
they become gradually reduced, till little more than a Hakey,
tissue-paper-like remnant remains. They are then slied, leav-
ing the bare scute of the adult.

These " larval shields " occur in both Chelnnid uiijfhis and
( '. depressa, but differ considerably in their degree of develop-
ment, and in no stage of the former can they be called ai'eolae.
The figures on Pis. xix. and xx. represent almost identical
stages of the two species and a comparison shows that in C
VI y das they ai'e much thinner and devoid of the deep pits shown
in the other species. The material in the Australian Museum
leads me to the conclusion that the larval shields are shed
much earlier in the common Green Turtle than in ('. depressa.

The reduction due to erosion of the areolae in Chelonia
depressa is veiy noticeable when the specimens are placed in
order of age. This can be followed by examining in turn the
newly hatched example (PI. xix.), the somewhat older specimen
beside it, McCulloch's figure-^ of his type, and the semi-mature
specimen on Pis. xxi. and xxii. Figs. 39 to 41a and b sliow
this reduction of the areolae on the head shields of specimens
Nos. 1, 4, 6, and 7. The newly hatched examples possess
thick, deeply pitted larval shields which become gradually
reduced along the series of older specimens till, in the type
example they are reduced to the thickness of paper with
frayed, mica-like edges, and on which the gi'anulations remain
as the faintest impressions. At some stage between that of
the type example and specimen No. 7, the areolfe are shed,
leaving the smooth, almost leathery scute.

Although the areolae of C. depressa differ fi'om those of
Testudinian Tortoises in the absence of any trace of post-
embryonic growth, they must be considered as morphologically
homologous, and, whatever may be their use in the land
tortoises, there seems little doubt that in C. depressa they
function in the young stages simply as a protection for the
underlying scutes, which are of an unusually soft nature.

-5 McCulloch — Eec. Austr. Mus., vii., 1908, pis. xxvi. and xxvii.

178

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Notes on the skull of Chelonia depressa : — The single skull
of C depressa at my disposal belonged to the largest specimen,
measuring 258 m.m. along the carapace (Pis. xxi. and xxii).
Although this example possesses most of its adult chai'acter-
istics it is, of course, still a very young one. In the Museum
collection there are only three skulls of C. mrjdas. However,
Dr. H. L. Kesteven has supplemented my poor material by
kindly allowing me to examine the four specimens used in the
preparation of his paper^" on the " Anatomy of the Head of
the Green Turtle, Part i.. The Skull."

Mensnrements: — The following are the measurements, in
millimetres, of the skull of (J. depressa and of a small specimen
of ('. niijthiA of approximately the same size.

Length, to tip of supraoccipital blade
Width (greatest) from squamosal to squamosal
Width, raedianally between the oi-bits
Depth, at quadrate condyle ...

Depth, from lower edge of postfrontal
condyle

to quadrate

Length of parieto-squamosal suture

Length (greatest) of parietal

Width (greatest) of parietal ...

Length of fi'ontals along their suture

Width of frontal, along the fronto-parietal suture

Width (greatest) of frontal, at the outer-angle

Length (greatest) of postfrontal

Length of orbit

Height of orbit...

Length from orbit to posterior margin of skull

<
tn

»

Q

d

a;

<

a

63.

52.

45

33.

15

20

32

27

17

14

1

4

29

25

U

12.

14

12.

9

8

9

11

30

22

24

22

18

16

20

17

-''■' Kestoveu— Proc. Roy. iSoc. N.S. Wales. xUv., 1910, pp. 368-400,
pis. xx.-xxxiii.

(IN TllK STATUS OK CHKLdMA hliTUKSSA KKV.

179

()!<te<il(iii)/ : — Witli onl}'^ a single skull of ('. ilejin-nsu it is not
practicable to compare tlie bones in detail as disai'ticulation
would be necessary, so tliat only the more striking and
tangible cliaractei's are dealt with.

In general outline the skulls of ('lielonia iinjilns and <'.
(lepressa are not strikingly different, but the former is slightly
broader and much wider in the supraorbital region.

Tlie parietal bones of tlie two species differ somewhat. In
V. >»//(Z(fs they form a suture of considerable length (an inch or
more in adult specimens) with the squamosal. Even in
the very young specimen this is quite distinct, but naturally
increases in extent with the backward growth of the parietal.
In (J. (lepressa however (figs. 47 and 4-8a), the post-frontal
extends so far back as almost to enter the hinder border,
allowing only a mere splinter of the parietal, about a milli-
metre in width, to connect with the squamosal. In ( '. depress^
(fig. 47a) the frouto-parietal suture is tranverse, whereas in
the common Green Turtle it is in the form of an arc, the
convexity of which is directed forwards.

Fig. M.—Clielotiia deptrssa, Garman. Dorsal and ventral views of skull
of specimen No, 7. Reduced slightly.

180 RECORDS OF TUE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

The frontals in ( '. deprt'sna (fig. 47a) do not enter into the foi--
mation of the upper border of the orbits. In all but one of the
examples of C. mydas available to me, they do. In one specimen,
however, lent me by Dr. Kesteven,27 the prae and postfrontals
meet in suture laterally excluding the frontal completely on
each side from the orbital rim. This variation, which is
certainly tlie exception rather than the rule, has been recorded
by Dr. G. A. Boulenger^^ who has noticed it in both ( '. iin/das
and Caretta caretta. He lecords that in one specimen of C.
)iii/d(is "the prae and postfrontal bones were in contact,
excluding the frontal from the periphery of the orbit ; in
another the frontal separated the praefrontal from the })ost-
frontal ; whilst in a third, the former disposition was shown
on the right side and the latter on the left."-^ This character
has, b}' Dr. George Baur^o and Dr. O. P. Hay-^^ been allowed
genei'ic value, but with peculiar inconsistency on the part of
the former author. He chai-acterises the genus Chelotiin as
having the " orbit formed by : prefrontal, frontal, postfronto-
orbital, jugal, maxilliary." Just below this definition how-
ever, he overlooks its generic value and unites ColpocheJijs,
Garman, in which the frontals enter the orbital rim, with
Lepidochehjs, Fitzinger, in which the orbit is described as
being bounded by the " prefrontal, postfronto-orbital, jugal,
maxilliary." Dr. Hay-^"'^ in his fine Monograph of the " Fossil
Turtles of North America " recognises CoIpocheJi/s as
synonymous with Lepidochelys after Dr. Baur, but later stilP^
he regards it as distinct. He remarks^* " Baur again
referred to this species (CoJixicJudijn Icemini) in 1890 and

'^"^ This specimen was obtained from an hotel in Sydney and the
locality is unknown. No record of its shield characters have been kept
so that it is necessary to pi'esume that it was otherwise identical with
C. mydas. It is a coincidence too. that in this specimen the jugal meets
the squamosal in suture as mentioned anlc p. 181, an e.x;cei)tional
condition.

28 Boulenger— Proc, Zool. Soc, 1890 (1891), p. 618.

29 Hay— Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxiv., 1908, p. 196, records this last
condition in Caretta remivaga, sp. nov.

30 Baur— Amer. Nat., xxiv., 1890, p. 486.

31 Hay— Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxiv., UK)8, p. 183.

•'- Hay — Foss. Turtles N. Amer., Cai-negie Inst., pub. 75., 1908, p. 8-10
and 16.

33 Hay— Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxiv., 1908, p. 194.
3-» Hay— Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxiv., 1908, p. 184.

ON THK STATUS OK CHELONIA DKPliKSSA I'MtY. 181

assigned it to tlie LCeiius Lepithicltehjs ; but it fails to meet the
requirements of this genus, as lie defines it, in having the
frontals entei'ing the rim of the orbit." Thus we find this
character allowed generic importance although Dr. Boulenger
had earlier shown that it was just as variable in the allied
Caretta as in the genus Ghelonia. Dr. Hay^^ himself writes :
" Boulenger has noted that occasionally in the loggerhead
(Careff(i) the frontal on one side or the other enters the rim
of the orbit. Doubtless it will be found that sometimes the
frontals of the bastard-turtle (Colpocliehjx) are excluded from
the orbit ; but such variations hardly affect the specific value
of the character." It is indeed remarkable that such a
variation should occur in two of the three well-known recent
species of turtles, and, that in the two others less perfectlj'
studied, the exceptional condition should occur, that in which
the frontals do not enter the orbit. With further material it
is very probable that not only the generic value (wliich I am
not prepared to agree exists) but the specific value of this
character will also disappear.

In C. depreKsa (tig. -iTa) the length of the fronto-parietal
suture equals the greatest width of the frontals, but in i\
mijdas the greatest width i.e. the width in the region where the
frontal enters the orbital border, is almost half as great again.
The greatest length of the frontals in C. mijdas (not their
length along the median suture) is also slightly longer. Owing
to the broader interorbital region in the common Green Turtle
and the extension (generally) of the frontal into the orbital
border, they have a very different outline to those of ij.
depressa.

The quadratojugal not infrequently fails to meet the post-
frontal in suture in C mydas, and this is the condition of the
bones in 0. depressa (fig 48a). I have only seen one example
of C. m.ijdas in which the squamosal and jugai come into con-
tact, thus separating the two bones, and that, peculiarly, is the
specimen lent me by Dr. Kesteven, in which the frontal does not
enter the orbital rim. In my smallest specimen (tig. 48b), the
quadratojugal and postfrontal meet in suture on both sides,
and, as the frontals enter the periphery of the orbits to com-
paratively the same extent as in adult specimens, neither of
these characters can have anything to do with age, but must

sn Hay— Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxiv., 1908, p. 191,

182

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Fig. 4S.—a. ChelonJa depressa, Garm. Lateral view of skull

of specimen No. 7. Enlarged slightly, b. Chelouia niydas,

Linn. Lateral view of skull of a specimen approximately

the same size as that of C. drftre^sa.

be individual variations. This condition is apparently very
uncommon, and vpas perhaps first recorded by Sir
Richard Owen-^*' — "In CheJ. iiiydas the malar approaches the
mastoid very closely and sometimes touches it by the jiosterior
angle, thus separating the squamosal from the postfrontal."
In recent osteological nomenclature the malar becomes the
jugal, the mastoid is our squamosal, while Owen's squamosal
is our quadratojiigal. In the Green Turtle the anterior ( jugulai-)
flange of the quadi-atojugal is bayetl ventrally to a lesser extent
than in C. depn'ssa, making the quadrate pedicle appear longer
in the latter species.

' It is in the basicranial constituents that the most reliable
points of difFerence between the two species can be noticed.
In some of these characters Cheloiiia depressa shows unmistak-
able resemblance to Colpocheliis l-§vipii, which has been
beautiful l}-^ figured by Dr. Hay.37

38 Owen— Hist. BritrFoss^ Kept., i., 1849-84. p. 33.

•'" Hay — Foss. Turtles N. Amer., Carneijfie Inst., piibl. ITi. 1908, pi. i.,
figs. 1-4, pi. ii., and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxiv., 1908. pi. vi., pi. vii.,
figs. 2-4, pi. viii., fig. 2, pi. ix., figs. 2 anil 4.

ON THK STATUS OK lllKl.dNlA DKPKKSSA I'KY.

18H

The |)tery<i^()icl.s ill ( '. mi/dnf; (fig. 49e) aie inodio-latei-ally
eniargiiiated by a large huIcuh for tlie passage of tlie pterjgo-
niaiidibularis mnscle. This is entirely absent in the skull of
('. (h'jiressii (figs. 47b and 49f) giving a flatter and broader
appearance to the roof of the pharynx. J twill be very intei'esiing
to note the correlated modification of tlie ptei-ygo-niandibularis
muscle to suit this condition, which, judging from (ladow's-*'^
and Hay's-''* figures, prevails in Curettn caretta also (fig. 49b).
In this species however, the pharyngeal roof is not so broad.

Fig. 49.— Pterygoid bones showing the variation of the pterygo-
mandibular siileus in the various marine turtles.
a. Colpochelys kempii. Garni. \b. Caretta caretta, Linn.
c. Carrtta re/iiivas'a, Ha.y. d. Eretmochelys imbricata, Linn.
''. C/ieto>iia r/tytias, L.inn. /. C/ietom'a de/iressa, Qarm.

The basisphenoid of ('. dejn-essa (fig. 47b) extends much
further anteriorly and separates the pterygoids along their
median suture for a correspondingly greater extent. Although
tliis varies a little with age in the Green Turtle it is never so
pronounced in that species as in C de2:iressa. In this character
it is approached by ErefmdcheJys imhricata'^ and Colpochelys
kei))jjii in both of which the basisphenoid is anteriorly more
pointed than in CJieloin'a i)iijd((ft. In the Green Turtle the
basisfihenoidal ridge is almost transverse and but slightly

:<» Gadow— Cambr. Nat. Hist., Kept.. 1901, p. 379, fig. 84.
Si* Hay— Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxiv., 1908, pi. viii., fig. 1.
^« Boulenger— Brit. Mus. Cat. Chelonia, 1889, p. 181, fig. 45.

184 RECORDS OF THB AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

convex anteriorly. In C. depressa (fig. 47b) this ridg-e is A-
shaped and is more distinctly marked on the basi-pterj-goid
process of the bone (processus hasipterygoideus ossis basispheuoid
of Dr. Kesteven*^). In this respect it bears a closer resem-
blance to all the other recent turtles than to Chelouia hu/diis.
Ventrally the basioccipital has a strong median sulcus (fig.
47b) as in Colpocltehjs /re/»p//, Garman, and the fossil CJtelone
cuiiei'ceps of Owen. Regarding the latter Owen writes'*^ — "The
basioccipital is remarkable for the strong development of the
tubercles for the insertion of the 'recti capitis antici' and for
the depth of the groove between them." This describes almost
exactly the condition exhibited by C. depressa, which resembles
that of the bastard-turtle more than any other recent form.

In ray specimen of C. depressa (fig. 47 and 48a) there is a
slight but distinct reduction in the extent of the temporal
roof. This is not due to a reduction in the length of the
parietals but to an emargiuation in the region of the parieto-
squamosal suture, which allows the somewhat larger post-
frontal of C. depressa to actually extend slightly behind
the deepest part of this bay. The oldest known fossil
Chelonians possessed a well developed temporal roof, the
significance of which has been masterfully explained by Dr.
Hay ,-^3 -^vho, with Baur, Cope, and others, i-egard it as probably
handed down to them by their Cotylosaurian ancestoi'S. These
archaic Cheloneformes also possessed true nasal and lacrymal
bones, which no longer persist in living marine turtles, though
they are present as separate ossifications in some living mem-
bei's of the order. We find the recent Chelonida^ then, to be a
peculiar mixture of the retention in some cases, and loss in
others, of their most primitive characteristics.'^ If this
character holds good in the adult skull it will be very interesting
to note this slight reduction of a typically primordial condition
in a living form, a specialisation suggested by Dr. Hay^ to l)e
correlated with the evolution of the Pleui'odiran neck.

•»' Kesteven — Proc. Rov. Soc. N.S. Wales, xUv., 1910, pi. xxviii.,
fig. 42.

■»■; Owen— Hist. Brit. Foss. Reptiles, i., 1849-1884. p. :?:^

« Hay — Foss. Turtles N. Anier., Carnegie Inst., publ. 75, 1908, p. 19.

« Dr.' Gadow (Cambr. Nat. Hist. Reptiles. 1901, p. ;?80) holds the
opposite view, tliat the Chelonidaj are a specialised offshoot of the
Cryptodira and that there is nothing primitive about them, except the
complete series of inframarginal sliields.

*^ Hay— Foss. Turtles N. .Amer., Carnegie Inst., publ. 75., 1908. p. 19.

ON TlIK SrATI'S OF CHKLOXIA DFPHESSA FRY.

185

Resume of the chief differences between the yoiin<( skuIlK of
both species of {'Iwlvitid.

Chklonia depkkssa.

Chklonia mydas.

1

Interorbital space, at tlie outer
angle of tlie frontal, one third
{■:V?,) of the greatest width of the
skull.

Parieto-sqiiamosal suture ex-
tremely small.

Fronto-parietal suture trans-
verse.

Length of the fronto-parietal
suture equals the greatest width
of tlie frontals.

Pterygoids not constricted by
a deep pterygo-mandibular sulcus
on each side.

Basisphenoidal ridge A-shaped
and not deeper medially than
laterally.

Basioccipital ventrally with
two strong tubercles separated
by a deep median groove.

Interorbital space, at the outer
angle of the frontals, two thirds
(•60) of the greatest width of the
skull.

Parieto - squamosal suture
always quite distinct, in adults
up to 1-^ inches in length.

Fronto-parietal suture strongly
arched.

Length of the fronto-parietal
suture, two - thirds to three-
quarters the greatest width of the
frontals.

Pterygoids deeply constricted
on each side by an oblique
pterygo-mandibular sulcus.

Basisphenoidal ridge /-^-shaped,
always straight and deepest in
the median line.

Basioccipital ventrally with a
shallow open concavity right
across the bone, tlie tubercles
hardly discernable and widely
separate.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX.

Fig. 1. Chelonia dept■e^t«t,Gilrm?ii^. A young h|ieoiineii (No. 1)
from Port Dai'win, Nortli Australia, regarded
as just hatched. About natural size.

Fig. 2. ('helonia dejjressa, Garnian. An older example
(specimen No. 5) from New (luinea? About
natural size.

REC. AUSTR. MUS., VOL. X.

Pl.ATK XIX.

C. Cl-UTTON, Austr. Mus., i)h()t().

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX.

Fig'. 1. Chdo)ii(i iiiyduf!, Linn. From a specimen regarded
as just hatched, from Flint Island, Central South
Pacific Ocean. About natui-al size.

Fig. 2. CheIo)il(i niydas, Linn. From a specimen captured
at Botany Bay, near Sydney, New South Wales.
About Natural size.

REC. AUSTir MIS.. \()l.. X.

ri.AiK XX.

C. C'r.UTTiiN, Austi'. Mns., [ilidti

EXPLANATION OK PLATK XXI.

ClieJoiiia depressa, Garman. From a specimen (No. 7)
lOi inches long, from Murray Island, Torres Strait.

MVA\ AlSrU. MI'S., \'()L. X.

l'l,ATK XXI.

H. Barnks, JuNi:., Austr. Mas., [tliuto.

KXPl.ANA'lluN (iK I'LATK XXII.

C/ii'ldiini iJei>rexH(i, Garniaii. From a specimen (No. 7)
IOt, iiirhes long, from Mnri'ay Island, Torres Strait.

r

V \

■>«K>

/ /

vT'

H. Barnes, Jlnr., Ausfr. Mus., photo.

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ARANEID^— No. 6.

T 1 1 E TEHHKTl'JLARI^.

By W. J. Rainbow, E.E.S., Entomologist.

Tlie principal work dealing with Australian Terretelariee is
that published by Mr. H. R. Hogg, M.A., in 19011 under the
title of " On Austi-alian and New Zealand Spiders of tlie
Sub-order Mygaloniorjjha?," and the supjilement thereto in
the following yeai', " On Some Additions to the Australian
Spiders of the Sub-ordei Mygalomoi-plipe."- These two papers,
although some additional species have been described in the
interval — chiefly by M. E. Simon — foi-m an excellent basis for
the student.

Usually, whenever specimens or collections of Araneidee are
forwarded by amateur collectors to a Museum, they are found
to consist almost wholly of arborial forms. Now and again a
Mvgalomorphid is included, but it is the exception and not the
rule. Among collectors who have couti-ibuted Ti-ap-door
Spiders to our cabinets, from time to time, are Dr. Thos.
Banci'oft, of Eidsvold, Queensland ; Mr. A. A. Girault, of
Nelson, North Queensland, and Mr. S. J. U. Moi-eau, of Sydney.
The present paper contains descriptions of species collected
by each of these gentlemen, in addition to other material
accumulated from time to time. When in Adelaide on official
business a short time ago. my friend Dr. R. Pulleine kindly
took me to spots on the Mt. Lofty Ranges, where certain
Avicularidee occur, and to him I am indebted for the
opportunity of collecting with ease and facility, spiders and
nests for the Museum collection. From Eidsvold per favour
of Dr. Bancroft, examples of nests, together with their archi-
tects, have also reached this Museum.

The measurements given of the cephalothorax of the differ-
ent species in the following pages are from clypeus to postei'ior
angle, and so do not include the falces.

1 Hogg— Proc. Zool. Soc, 1901, pp. 218-279.
- Hogg— Loc. cit., 1902, pp. 121-142.

188 RECORDS OF THE ADSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

For the detei-niiiiatiou of species treated in this |5aper, I
have made a series of diagrams, illnstratiug in each case the
scheme of dentition. The system adopted is a new one, and
it is curious to note that a somewhat similar idea of elucidating
species was adopted by Mr. John Hewitt^ in his paper,
"Descriptions of New Species of Arachnida from Cape
Colon}'." Before Mr. Hewitt's paper, dated September 10th,
1913, arrived in S^'dney, the MS. and diagrams reproduced
below were awaiting attention at the hands of the printer.
At the same time, I wish it to be understood that this system
of deliniation appears to me to be so obviouB and natural, that
I do not claim any merit for originality, even if such exists.

Family AVICULARID^.

Sub-fumih/ MioiNi?:.

Group HOMOGONE^.

For the reception of the species desci-ibed below, I venture
to propose a new group oi- sectitui and a new genus to be known
respectively as Homogoneiw and J-l(niio(join(. The species
appeal's to be a ver^' anomalous one, presenting, as it does,
featui-es that make it difficult to harnu)nise with any existing
genus, and yet at the same time displaying unmistakeable
affinities to sevei-al. The contour (especially when viewed in
profile) is sugestive of Hfisxiihum, Walck., by the elevation of
the cephalic segment, but it differs widely thei'efrom in the
disposition of the eyes, which in Homcujoiin is much more
compact. Again, the genus just quoted, and described here-
under, suggest affinities, both in Toi-m and armature, to Simon's
South American genus Cahitlmtarsiifi aiul Hogg's Tasmanian
genus Heteroiiiigas, and also by the ])i-eseiice of the peculiar
large and erect bristle imjnediately in front of tlie anterior
median eyes. But from botli tliese genera 7/(u»oj/o)/a differs in
repect of its eyes. The points will be a])parent to the student
if he will compare the figui-es sul)mitted hei-eunder with those
of Simon* and Hogg.-'^ Again, in IJeferoniigns the thoracic
fovea is desciibed as l)eing " straight or slightly pi'ocurved,"^
but in Homoijona it is strongly procurved.

' Hewitt — Kec. Albany Mus., ii., ti, ]>. -tTo.

•» Simon— Hist. Nat. des Araii,'ii.. ii.. IHKT (lito;^'. p. STil.

' HojjTg— Proc. Zool. Soc, 11(02, p. 12H.

* Hogg — Loc. cit.

STUDIES IN AUSTHAIJAN AKANEID.E RAINIiUW. 189

The following table will aHsist the student in the elucidation

of the genera : —

A — Front row of eyes slightly' procurved, rear row recui'ved ;
lip equally as bi-oad as long, rounded at apex. )iot spined ;
upper angle of maxilla spined ; thoracic fovea slightly
procurved Heteromigas, Hogg.

B — Front I'ow of eyes very slightly procurved, rear row
recurved; lip equally as broad as long, rounded at apex,
apex spined ; maxilla spined ; thoracic fovea straight at
the middle, angles recurved CahithotartiKs, Sim.

C — Front row of eyes strongly procurved, rear row recurved ;
lip rather longer than broad rounded at apex, apex spined;

maxilla spined ; thoracic fovea strongly procurved

Rumoyona, Mihi.

GeuHS Homogona,^ gen. nov.

CephalothoniA'. — Longer than bi'oad. P(n>' cephalica elevated
(somewhat as in Missnleua). Sides i-ounded and compressed ;
truncated in frojit ; urular ureit broader than long. Pars
thoracica slightly arched, retreating to posterior angle ;
thoracic fovea deep, straight.

Falces. — Large, massive ; margins of the furrow of each falx
armed with strong teeth ; there is also an intermediate row of
small (granular) teeth near the base. Xo ri(stelh()ji.

Eyes. — Eight, arranged in two rows ; fi-ont row procurved ;
rear row recurved.

Legs. — Moderately long, strong, tapering, strongly bespined ;
no true tarsal scopulfe ; claws, three. Relative lengths : 4, 1,
2, 3.

Palpi. — Long, sti'ong, bespined.

Ma.cillce. — Powerful, diveigent, aiched, armed with numer-
ous tooth-like spines.

Labiitin. — Coniform, free, armed at apex with strong tooth-
like spines.

' o/txoyoTO'i, related, akin.

190

RKCOHPS OF THE AUSTRAT.TAN MFSEUM.

Sternum. — Arched, broadest at coxee of third pair of legs;
anterior angle procurA'ed ; posterior angle terminating in an
obtuse point between coxse of fourth pair of legs ; sigilla
large and removed from margin.

Abdomen. — Obovate.

Spiyinerets. — Four. Inferior mammillae very short, removed
from each other at their base by a space equal to once their
individual diameter ; superior mammillse short, stout, three-
jointed ; basal joint broad; second rather shorter and nar-
rower ; third longer than second, but shorter than first ;
conical.

HOMOOONA PDLLEINEI,^ H/i. nor.

(Figs. 1-5.)

5 Cephalothorax, 12.5 mm.
long, 9.2 mm. broad ; abdomen,
17.5 mm. long, 10.6 mm. brf)a(l

pj^. 1, — Hoiiiosinini piilh'iiri,
Rainb-, Pri)Hle.

Cej^i(dothora.c. — Dark-brown, shiniiig, longer than broad,
surface uneven. l\irt< cephcdicn strongly ai'clied, compi'essed
latei-ally, adpressed at reai- of ocular ai-ea, sides declivcnis,
descending sliarply t'l'oni apex to thoracic fovea, numerous
small depressed, scale-like hairs or setas at sides ; there is also
a long median line of the latter extending from ocular area to
base of cephalic segment ; the setae constituting this line are
placed closely one behind the other in single file ; in addition
to the adpressed setfe here referred to, there are a number of
short, erect bi'istles oi- hairs scattered over the surface ; chiiienx
pale, deep, bi-oad, sinuous in outline, with a few erect setae
imn)ediately below the eyes ; ocuJtir areit broader than long,
distinctly raised, arched, furnished with adpressed spines or
bristles; in addition to the latter there is, imnit'diately be-
tween the two front lateral eyes a long, strong, erect, slightly
curved spine. I'arx thoracica slightly ai'ched, deeply depi-essed
in vicinity of radial groove; numerous lines of adpressed scale-
like hairs oi- seta^ i-adiate from near thoracic fovea to lateral and

*• In honour of my friend, Dr. R. Pulleine, of Adelaide.

STUKIKS IN AISTKAMAN AliAN KI h.K - KAINHiiW. 191

posterioi- angles ; the setft'^ coiistitutiiifT- t-liese radial HneR are
closely placed (iiie heliiud the other exactly like those consti-
tuting the median line on the cephalic segment referred to
above ; in addition to these setjse there are a number of others
scattered over the surface; lateral angles sinuous in outline ;
posterior angle recurved ; thoracic f area deep sti-aight ; mar-
ginal hand broad, concolorous with surface ; the band not
fringed ; thei-e are, however, upon it a^ number of very small
adpi'essed hairs.

Eyes. — Poised upon a tubercular eminence, and disposed as
in figure (fig. 2) ; the tubercular eminence broader than long ;
the four ej-es constituting the anterior row, which is strongly
procurved, are decidedly the largest ; the anterior lateral
pair are separated from
each other by a space
equal to four times that
of the diameter of one of
the front median eyes,
and the latter again from
each other by a space
equal to once their own
individual diameter ; the
rear row is recurved, and
arranged in pairs ; the pig. 2.—ff. puneiuei, Rainb.. Eyes,

posterior lateral eyes are

the largest of this series, though smaller than those of the
preceding group ; each is elliptical in form, seated obliquely
and separated from each other by a space equal to about five
times the diameter of one of the front median eyes ; the inner
eyes of the posterior row are the smallest of the entire series,
and these are separated from each other by a space equal to
slightly more than three times the diameter of one of the
median eyes ; they are also elliptical in shape and poised
obliquely.

Legs. — Strong, moderately long, tapering, concolorous with
cephalothorax, clothed with haire and bristles ; coxae of legs i.
and ii. have on rear inner angles a cluster of short tooth-like
spines somewhat similar to those on maxilla?; femur of leg i.
bowed ; patella i. armed with one spine near apex on the inner-
side ; tibia i. armed on inner side with one spine near to apex,

192

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

and one on the outerside just on the apical angle ; tibia of
leg ii. has four long, strong spines on the underside ; tibia of
leg iii. has a number of spinelike bristles ; while tibia iv. has
one strong spine on the outerside at its apex ; metatarsus of
leg i. has two stout spines seated one behind the other on the
outerside near the base, four on the inner angle (also placed
one behind the other), and one at the middle of the apical
angle ; metatarsus ii. has four strong spines on the outer angle,
and two on the inner; metatarsus iii. has a row of four stout
spines on the apical angle on the underside ; metatarsus iv.
has two sti'ong spines, one behind the other, on the angle
near the base, and two on the apical angle on the undei-side ;
each tarsus armed with two strong spines. Chdrs long and
powerful, the superior ones armed each at base with two
strong teeth ; ungual tufts long, thick, obscuring claws. The
following ai-e the leg measurements in millimeters : —

Leg.

Coxa-

Trochanter &
Femur,

Patella &
Tibia.

.Metatarsus &
Tarsus.

Total.

1

5.2

11

11.2

8.6

36

2

4.8

9.8

8.5

7.7

30.8

3

4.3

8

7

6.8

26.1

4

4.5

11

11.6

9.6

36.7

Piilpi. — Long, sti'ong, similar in colour and clothing to legs,
armed with numerous powerful spines, and terminating with a
single powerful tarsal claw at the base of which there is an
exceedingly large tooth ; femur, bowed. Measurements in
millimeters as follows : — Coxa, 5.2 ; trochanter and femur,
9; patella and tibia, 7.8; tarsus, 5.6; total, 27.6.

Falce:^. — Black, shining, porrected, curving downwards,
arched, transversely wrinkled on upper surface, where each is
armed with several large and powerful and numerous short,
strong spines (fig. 3). The larger s])iiies are slightly curved
and finely striated ; apices suri'ounded witli a fringe of long,
stiff, red bi-istles ; inner margin of the furrow of each falx
armed Avith nine strong, coniform teeth, and the outer mai'gin
with seven ; in addition to these a few sn)all, granular teeth
form an intermediate row near the base (fig. 4), outer margins
fringed witli long red hairs ; f<()iijs black, shining, powerful.

STUI'IES IN AUSTKAL1A^ AKANKIP.K KAlMmW.

198

Fi«. i.—H. pnllei-

'"•', Kainb., Scheme

of dentition.

Fig. Z.—H. pitlleinei,
Rainb-, Left falx.

Ma.viUiv Reddish-brown, sliining, arched, divergent, spar-
ingly clothed Avith long black bristles ; inner angles thickly
fringed with long red hairs, a number of small, coniform teeth
distributed over the surface ; the teeth are largest and more
thickly clustered at the base (fig. 5).

Fig. S—H. pulhinei, Rianb., Maxilhe and labium.

Labium. — Concolorous, coniform, longer than broad, arched,
free, sparingly clothed with reddish bristles, armed at apex
with a sei'ies of coniform teeth (fig. 5.)

SternuYti. — Concolorous also, arched, longer than broad,
narrowest at apex ; apical angle procurved, lateral angles
siniious, basal angles excavated : a few long, reddish bristles
are spread over the surface ; basal angles, Avhere the colour is
somewhat lighter, fringed with long, strong bristles ; basal
sigilla only present, and these are removed from outer angles.

L94 RECORDS OF THE ATSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Abdome)i. — Obovate, slightly overhanging base of cephalo-
thorax, strongly ai'ched, yellow-brown, pubescent, though not
thickly so ; a few short, black bristles present on superior
surface ; integument wrinkled.

Spinnerets. — Fide descrij)tion of genus (iiiite).

Huh. — Lismore, New South Wales.

Sah-faniilij Ctenizin.e.

Group AGANIPPE^.

This group has, so far, consisted of only four Australian
genera, namely Idiosoma, Auss., Aga)iippe, 0. P. Cambr.,
Anidiops, Pocock, and Blakistonia, Hogg. Of these, the first
three embrace one species each. BlaJiistoniu also, was only
known by one representative, but another is described here-
under. Simon, in his great work^ has given excellent diagrams
in elucidation of the eye-formula of each of these genera, and
to these the student is directed for comparison with the figure
(fig. 7) submitted below of a species which I propose to make
the type of a new genus to be known as (lidnx. A study of
the eye-formula? of A)tidii)px and Blalcistnnia suggests to my
mind that (iniiis must fall between them, and there I place it.
There are, of course, other generic differences, and these the
student -will note by comparing the descri])tions of the four
older genera with that defining the one now pi'oposed.

A superficial glance at the form hereundei' described with
that: figured by Koch'^ would seem to suggest Aiiunte pnUidtt
of that author, owing to the presence of the dark, tapering,
median abdominal band. Such a determination, however, is
out of the question, not only on account of its superior size,
but from the primary fact that the last-named species has no
rastellum, which Gains has.

'■' Simon — Hist. Nat. des Araif>-n., ii., 1903, p. 901, figs, a, b, c. d.
'" Kuch — Die Arach. des Aiistr. , i., 187!^, pi. xxxv., figs. 8, Sa.

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ARANEID^. RAINBOW. 195

luvnui (4aius,ll ijcu. )i<ir.

Ceplialotlionu. — Longer tlian bniad. I'Km ccphalica elevated,
though not quite bo strongly so as in Missulena ; sides
declivous, truncated in front ; rlijpeus deep, sharply and
strong!}' indented at centre ; ocular area broader than long.
Pars thoracica sloping ; flioran'c fovea deep, procurved.

li'alct's. — Large, massive, curving downwards, provided with
a rastellKiii ; margins of the furrow of each falx armed with
strong teeth, in additit)n to which there is also an intermediate
row of smaller teeth near the base.

Eyes. — Eight, arranged in three series, reading from the
front, of 2, 2, 4 (fig. 7) ; rear row procurved.

lje,/s. — Short, powerful, moderately spined, hairy; metatarsi
and tarsi of legs i. and ii. scopulated ; no true scopulse on
corresponding joints of legs iii. and iv. ; claws, three; relative
lengths : 4, 1, 2, 3.

Palpi. — Long, powerful ; metatarsi and tarsi i. and ii.
scopulated.

Muxillce. — Long, powerful, divergent.

Labium. — Short, broad, free.

Steniaiii. — Long, narrowest in front; sigilla large.

Abdoiiteii. — Ovate.

Spinnerets. — Four ; short, robust. Inferior mammillae, very
short and placed closely together ; superior mammillae three-
jointed ; first joint considerably longer than second ; the third
exceedingly minute.

Gaius villosus, sp. nor.

(Figs. Q-S.)

9 Cephalothoi'ax, 16 mm. long, 13 mm. broad ; abdomen,
20.7 mm. long, 15 mm. broad (fig. 6).

II Nom. prop., from Scripture. Meaning of name: "A lord; an
earthy individual." The name here given from the habit of the animal
excavating burrows in the soil.

196

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

CepaJofhora,r. — Longer
tlian broad, sliiiiiiig, choc-
olate - brown, smooth,
clothed with short, scat-
tered, black hairs. Fari<
cephiih'ca strongly arched,
sides declivous, sloping to
thoracic fovea, and fur-
nished with a few short
black bristles ; ocular area
slightly raised, broader
than long, black, with
long black bristles be-
tween front pair of eyes ;
chipeKs very deep, white,
slightly tinged with"
brown below front pair of
eyes, at which point there
are also a few short, fine,
dark hairs ; transversely
wi'inkled, deeply de-
pressed and excavated
at centre. Pars thoracica
arched, gently sloping, the
surface somewhat un- ■ . f\<i>nD.

dulating ; radial grooves deeply depressed and irregular in
outline ; mai'gins thinly fringed with short black hairs; thoracic
fovea strongly procurved, deep ; vianjiiial hand broad, sinuous
in outline, white, sparingly clothed with short, fine hairs.

Eyes. — In three series, reading from the front, of 2, 2, 4 ;
of these the intermediate pair are slightly smaller than their
anterior neighbours, while the inner pair of the ])osterior row
are the smallest of the group ;
the two front eyes touch the
edge of the clypeus (fig. 7),
and are sepaj'ated from each
other by a space equal to twice
their own individual diameter ;
rear row of eyes procui'ved ;
lateral eyes of this row about
foui- times their individual and
longitudinal diameter apart.

C^

0 0^

O O

Fig. T. — G. z'i//osiis, Hainb.. Eyes.

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ARAXEID/l': KAIXHOW,

197

fjeijs. — Short, robust, concolorous witli cephalothorax,
densely liairy, but having long naked areas on all joints save
metatarsi and tarsi ; the last named joints of legs i. and ii.
thickly seopulated ; scopula> obscuring claws ; metatarsi and
tarsi of legs iii. and iv. thickly clot lied, but not pi-ovided with
true scopulje ; ungual tufts extending beyond tips of claws
and obscuring them; tibia? i. and ii. have each eight long
spines on the underside ; tibia iii. armed with four, while tibia
iv. has about a dozen bristle-like spines; metatarsus i. has
four strong spines, and metatarsi ii. and iii. have each nine,
and metarsus iv. about a dozen long, bristle-like spines ; all
tarsi armed with a few short stiff spines mingled with and
obscured by the hirsute clothing. Leg iii. is not onl}- the
shortest, but the stoutest ; and leg iv. the most tapering.
Superior claws have two very long teeth at their base.
Measui'ements in millimeters as follows : —

Leg.

Coxa.

Trochanter &
Femur.

Patella & Metatarsus &
Tibia, [ Tarsus.

Total.

1

2

3

4

6.8
6.3
5.5
6

13.4
13.1
11.3
13.4

1
11.2 1 7.9
lO.S 7.9
10 i 7.8
14.5 1 13

39.3
38.1
34.6
46.9

Palpi. — Concolorous with legs, hairy, seopulated, and ter-
minated with a single claAv ; tibia armed with about a dozen
long spines. Measurements in millimeters as follows : — Coxa,
7.7; trochanter and femur, 10.7; patella and tibia, 8.10;
tarsus, 5.9 ; total, 33.9.

Falces. — Concolorous with cephalothorax, shin-
ing, ])owerfnl, porrected, curving dowmvards,
smooth near clypeus, but (>therwise thickly clothed
with hairs and bristles. Outer margin of the
furrow of each falx armed with five strong teeth
and four small ones, the latter near the fang ;
the inner margin has six strong teeth ; in addition
to these there is a short intermediate row of four
smaller teeth near the base (fig. 8) ; margins fringed
with long, reddish hairs; fangs black, shining, ^'"'^"''-^- i^a'"t'.
long, and powerful.

Firt.8.— G^.

198 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Ma.viUre. — Long, reddish-brown, powerful, arched, divergent,
the heel rounded, very hair}', inner angles fringed with long
golden and reddish hairs.

Labium. — Short, broader than long, arched, red, apex
slightly pi'ocurved. Surface hairy, submerged beneath bases
of maxillae.

Sternuiii. — Pyi'iform, broadest at posterior extremity, con-
colorous with maxillte, arched, surface uneven, densely hairy,
sigilla six, submarginal.

Ahilomen. — Ovate, slightly overhanging base of cephalo-
thorax, arched, pubescent, superior surface 3-ellow-brown,
ornamented with a broad, dark, tapering band, commencing
at autevioi' extremity, and running for about two-thirds the
length ; within the band, towards anterior extremity there is
a small light-coloured patch ; inferior surface yellow-brown,
pubescent; the chitinous plate above the rima epigasteris
dark-bi'own at the middle, sides yellow-brown, the surface
hairy ; on each side of the medium dark-brown patch there is
a large sigilla, while the overhanging lip is orange-red.

Spinnerets. — Short, stout, hairy; inferior mammillae short,
separated at the base by a space equal to not more than once
their transverse diameter, apices directed inwards and touch-
ing ; superior mammillfe about twice the length of the in-
ferior, three-jointed ; first joint about one-and-a-half times the
length of tlie second ; third joint minute, rounded.

(Jhx. — T have received the following note from Mr. W. B.
Alexander, B.A., of the Western Australian Museum, from
whom the spider described above was also received : —

" The tube is jn-aciticall}- straight and descends to a depth
of nine inches below the ground ; its diameter is about one inch,
and looks much too narrow to house such a lai'ge spider with
any comfort; « here is no special enlargement at the bottom.
The whole is lined with pure white silk.

"The door is thin, of the iruffr typo, but a few twigs have
l)een incorpoi-ated in its upper suii'ace round the edges, and
though the inside was very white, the upper surface is the
same colour as the suri'ounding soil. The top of thetui)e pro-
jects about a quarter of an inch above the level of the ground,
and a sei'ies of twigs are incoi'porated in this portion by their

STUDIES IN' Al'STHALlAX AKAXEII'.f. RAIXItdW.

199

ends. These stand out in radial fashion all round it, on the
surface of the ground, and as they ai-e mostly two or tliree
inches lonf?, and some of tliem are bi-anclied, tliey must have
rendered the nest veiy conspicuous.

"The nest and spider were sent us by Mr. J. P. Harris,
of Minnivale, on March 14., 1913, and lie afterwai'ds kindly
sent a second spider exactly similar to the fii'st, in urdci' that
I might forward it to you for identification."

Hah. — Minnivale, Western Austi'alia.

IJentiii Aganippe, 0. F. Ciunbr.

AgANMPPE BERLANDI, ><jJ. liov.

(Figs. 9-13.)

(? Cephalotliorax 7 mm. long, 5 mm. broad ; abdomen, 8
mm. long, 4-7 mm. broad.

t'eiihalothonix. — Yellow-brown, moderately pilose. I'drs:
r,'i>h<dirii raised, arched, sloping backwards to thoracic fovea;
a row of stiff black bi'istles I'un from ocular area to base;
ocular area longer than broad, raised, distinctly arched both
longitudinally and laterally, black, with a group or cluster of
strong, black bi'istles, both in front of and between front pair
of eyes; dijpejis pallid ; thoracic groove distinct, and pencilled
with dark brown ; P'O-s fhorarica arched, radial grooves distinct
and pencilled with dark brown ; flmradc fovea deep, procurved ;
radial grooves distinct, pencilled with dark brown ; there are
tliree narrow but distinct depressions in front of posterior
angle ; marginal baud thickly fringed with moderately long,
stout, black bristles.

Ei/es. — In three rows, reading from the front of 2, 2, 4 ; front
pairof eyes seated obliquely, and separated from each other by
a space equal to fully twice the diameter of one of the median
eyes ; median eyes separated from each
other by a space equal to once their own Q q O \)

individual diameter ; median row recurved ; ^ ^

rear median eyes smallest of the group, W w

and separated from each other by a space .i ^^

equal to four times their owm individual ^__^///\\^— -
diameter; they are seated close to, but ' ^^/\\\
do not touch their latei'al neigh hours, which I

latter are placed diagonally, though not so F\a.9.-A.deHamli.
much so as the front pair (fig 9). ^*'"''- ^^^^

200

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEU.M.

Lei/s. — Long, thin, tapering, concolorou.s witli
cephalothorax, not strong, clothed with haii'S and
long, black bristles, and furnished with a few
spines ; tibia i. has a double spur or apophyses on
inner angle at lower extremity (fig. 10) ; tarsus i.
and ii. scopulated ; superior tarsal claws have each
a comb with nine teeth ; inferior claw very small,
and obscured by ungual tufts. Measurements in
millimeters as follow : —

Fig. lO—A.der.

/audi, R.iinb.,

Tibia, leg i.

Leg.

Coxa,

Trochanter &
Femur.

Patella &
Tibia.

Metatarsus &
Tarsus.

Total

1
4

3.2

2.7
2.5

2.7

9.3

8.2
(5.5
8.7

7.8
7.5
.i.5
9.3

7.(i
7.3

27.9

25

22.8

30.;;

Falpi. — Long, siniilai' in colour and
clothing to legs; tibial joint inflated;
it has on outer angle a double apoplij-sis,
of which the lower branch is the longest,
and on the underside of which there are
several tapering toothlike spines ; radial
joint small, overhanging, divided at tip
genital bulb large, shining, and reddish
stigma long, tapering, and twisted (fig
11.). Measurements in millimeters as
follow : — Trochanter and femur, 4.6
patella and tibia, 4 ; I'adial joint, 1.4
total 10.

Fig 11.— .-J. /"•»•/««(/(, Hainb..

S palp : upper branch of

apophyses obscured-

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ARANEID/F, — RAINHOW.

201

FttlccK. — Coiioolorous with cephalothorax; por-
rected; sliiiiiiig- ; clothed with hairs and bristles,
and furnislied with rastelluni ; inner margin of
falx-sheaih fringed with red hairs ; inner ridge of
falx armed with six moderately large teeth, of
which the three nearest the fang are the closest
togetlier; onter margin has also six teeth, but
they are much smaller and (M)vera smaller area ;
intermediate between these two rows there ai'e
two other teeth, and these are smaller still (fig.
12) ; fang shining, reddish-bi'own, well curv^ed.

Fifi. 12. — A.

berlaiidi, RA\nh.

Scheme of

dentition.

Ma.cilhi\ — Not strong, yellow, divergent, arched, hairy, inner
angles fringed with red hairs.

Labi II III. — Concolorous, some what submerged, ai'ched, broader
than long, hairy, devt)id of spines.

SfeniHiii. — Pale yellow, p^'riform, narrowest in front, broadest
at a ]ioint between the second and third coxfe, slightly arched,
surface rather thickly beset with black bristles ; posterior
sicjiUn moderately laig-e, distinct, bi-ight ^^ellow, and widely
I'emoved from maro-in.

Abihiiiieii. — Obovate, strongly arched,
slightly overhanging base of cephalothorax,
yellow-brown, upper surface ornamented
with four large and distinct sub-lateral
yellow spots, arranged in pairs ; the first
pair are seated at about one-third the
length of the abdomen fi-om the front, and
the second pair, which are by far the
larger, are placed slightly beyond tlie
middle; immediately below the latter there
are two moderately large, dark brown spots ;
the upper surface is pubescent, and fur-
nished rather closely with black bristles or
spines ; sides concolorous, haii'y ; inferior
surface yellow, hairy (fig. 13).

Fig. l[i.—A. dm /a/ii/i,
Rainb-, Abdomen.

Spinnerets. — Short ; superior mammillae stout, pale yellow ;
first joint much longer than the second and third combined ;
third joint much the smallest and dome-shaped ; inferioi'

202 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

mammillae very short, darker than the suj)eri()i', and sepai-ated
from each othei- by a space equal to once theii- individual
transverse diameter.

Ohs. — I have named this species in honour of my corres-
poudents and co-workers M. and Mme. Berland.

HafK — Narrabri, New Sontli Wales.

(_re)iHt> Blakistonia, thujij.

In 1902 Hogg founded the genus Blakistunia^- for a species
of trap-door spider, specimens of which he reported from
Adelaide, Blakiston, and Mt. Lofty Ranges, South Australia.
Up to the present time the type species only has been known
(7). (iiirea, Hogg), but it now appeal's that the range of the
genus is fairly extensive, for the examj)le before me was
collected by Dr. Thos. L. Bancroft at Eidsvold, nearGayndah,
Queensland. This species, which I describe hereunder, I
name in hoiioin' of the collectoj-, and, in oi-der to assist students,
submit the following key : —

A — Front eyes separated from each other by a space equal
to one-and-a-half the diametei' of one of the median
eyes, median eyes once their individual diameter
apart, long diameter of fi-ont pair of eyes equals
diameter of rear lateial eyes; thoracic fovea slightly
pi'ocui'ved ; maxillfe on lower inner corner furnished
with spines similar to those on lip ; lip as long as
broad, convex, rounded at base, straight in front, fur-
nished with i-ather thick bristles and stout spines on the
upper half, tapering from base to point; sternum pyrifoi-m;
postei'ior sigilla, moderate in size, about their diametei-
fi'oni margin 11. uKrcK, Hogg.

B. — Front e^-es sepai'ated from each other by a space equal to
twice the diameter of one of the median eyes, median eyes
once their individual diameter apart, long diameter of
fi'ont pail' of eyes I'ather larger than that of rear lateral
eyes ; thoracic fovea strongly procuivi'd ; inaxilla' t'ni-
nished with a few scattered coniform .spines ; lip as long-
as broad, convex, rounded at base, straight in front, ajiical

12 Hogg— Proc. Zool. Soc, 1902, p. 131,

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ARANEID^ RAINBOW.

203

area furnished with loiiy, coarse, black bristles, amongst
which ai'e interspei'sed a few short, coniform sjtines ;
sternum pyriform ; posterior sigilla moderate in size, and

about twice their individual diameter from mai'gin

li. hanrroffi, Mihi.

Blakistonia BANCROFTI, Sp. UOV.

(Fig. 14-15.)

$ Cephalothorax, 9.6 mm. long, 7.8 mm. broad ; abdomen,
11.6 mm. long, 8.1 mm. broad.

Ce]ih((lut]iort(.c. — Longer than broad ; smooth, shining,
brownish-yellow. Furs cep]ialicit high, depressed at rear of
posterior row of eyes, compressed at sides, sparingly clothed
with tine, short, silky pubescence ; ocnhir area nearly as long
as broad, almost black between the two median eyes, a cluster
of long black bristles between and below the eyes ; clypeus
pale, deep, sinuous. Pars ilioraclca rather lighter in colour
than cephalic segment, sparingly hairy, arclied, radial grooves
strongly defined ; thoracic fovea deep, sti'ongly procurved ;
))iargiiial hand pale, broad, fringed with rather long, fine
yellowish hairs.

Eyes. — In three rows, reading fi'om the front, of 2, 2, 4 ;
front eyes elliptical, separated from each other by a space
equal to twice the individual diameter of one of the median
eyes, or rather more than once their own individual diameter;
median eyes round and sepai-ated
from each other by a space equal to
once their own individual diameter ;
lateral eyes of rear row elliptical,
and separated from each other by a
space equal to rather more than four
times the diameter of one of the
median eyes ; inner eyes of posterior
row smallest of the series, round, and
each close to its outer lateral neigh-
bour, being removed thei-efi-om by
a space equal to nearly once their
own individual diametei', and two-
and-a-half times the diameter of a

median eye ; the centres of the rear row are in a straight
line (fig. 14-).

Fig. 14.—^. baucrofti, Rainb.,
Eyes.

204

RECORDS OP THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Lp;/.s-. — Concolorous with cepbalotlioi'ax, rather short, strong,
clothed Avith coarse black bristles ; metatarsi and tarsi of legs
i. and ii. somewhat fiat, thickly scopulated, and armed with
short, stout spines; tibia of legs iii. and iv. each armed with
two or three rather long, fine spines, while the metatarsus and
tarsus of each are armed on the outer side with a number of
long, stout, thickly-set black s])ines ; claws, three ; superior
tarsal claws strongly curved, and furnished with a couple
of teeth at their base. Measurements in millimeters are as
follow : —

Leg.

Coxa.

Trochanter S
Ffmur.

Patella &
Tibia.

.Metatarsus &
Tarsus.

Total.

1

3.9

7.9

7.7

5.2

24.7

2

3.5

7.1

7.3

5.2

23.1

3

3.2

6.4

6. -2

,->

20.8

4

3.4

7.9

S.'l

8

2S.'2

Palpi. — Concolorous also ; similar in clothing and armature
to legs i. and ii. ; femur, bowed ; tarsus scopulated, and termi-
nated by a single claw. Measurements in millimetei's as
follow: — Coxa, 4.4; trochanter and femur, 6.1; jiatella and
tibia, 5.9 ; tarsus, 4 ; total, 20.4.

FaJces. — Reddish - brown, smooth, sliining, ^

arched, clothed with long, coarse bristles on sides '^

and apices ; upper surface almost entirely free •
from hairs and bristles ; rasteUtDii composed Of
several I'ows of long, black spines ; outer angles
fringed with long, reddish hairs ; inner margin
of falx sheath armed with seven teeth, of which
the four seated near the a])ex are the largest; on • •
the outer margin there are ten, all of wliicli are Fin. \5.-B. />aii-
strong, thougli of varying size, and irregulai-ly "sCheme'C^'
arranged ; there is also an intermediate row, dentition,
consisting of seven small teeth (tig. 15).

Ma.i'illd'. — Reddish - brown, long, arched, rather thickly
clothed with long, coarse hairs oi- bi'istles, intermingled with
which near the base are a few scattered, ct)niform spines ;
apicnl angles straight, and the bases rounded: inner angles
thicklv fringed with j-ellowish and I'eddish hnii's.

STUDIES IN AIISTRAI.IAX AK'AN'KID.I': liAIN'lioW. 205

Lahiiini. — Concolorous, submei'ofefl between basis of niaxilljp,
as long as broad, convex rounded at base and straight at apex ;
apical area fringed with long, (n)arse, black bristles, amongst
which are interspersed a few short, coniform spines.

IStenudii, — Yellowish, p^yi-iforni, narrowest in front where it
is moderately clothed with short, black, bristles ; moderately
arched; lateral and posterior angles fringed with long, fine,
yellowish haii'S ; four Ki'yilhi, anterioi' pair opposite coxae of
second pair of legs, and submarginal ; postei'ior ])air larger and
more distinct than tlie preceding, of a pinkish tint, and about
twice their individual diameter from margin.

Aliihiiiieii. — Slightly overlianging base of cephalothorax,
ovate, arched, pubescent, greyish-brown.

Spiinieretti. — Hairy, stout, very short ; superior pair three-
jointed ; first joint much the largest, the second very small,
and the third smaller still ; inferior mammillae very short and
separated from each other by a space equal to about once their
transverse diameter.

Hah. — Eidsvold, Queensland.

Groiq) CTENIZE^.

(Jeiius Megalosara,^-^ (jeii. vor.

CepiialofJiordx. — Longer than broad ; pars cepJiaJicn elevated,
arched ; pars tlioracica somewhat flattened ; lateral grooves
broad ; flionicic forea deep, slightly procurved.

Fdlces. — Porrected, bi-istly, furnished with ru^felJinii ; no
teeth on outer edge of falx.

Eyes. — Eight, poised upon a slightly elevated protubei'ance,
which is broader than long ; arranged in two rows of four
each ; anterior row strongly procurved ; the posterior pairs,
constituting the second row are widely separated from each
other, and the inner eyes are much the smallest.

Lfijs. — Long, tapering, anterior pair strongest, and having
on tlie inner angle of each tibia, in the <? , two sti'ong spurs ;
metatarsi and tarsi scopulated. Relative lengths : 4, 1, 2, 3.
Each tarsus furnished with three claws; the two superior claws
toothed.

^^ ju.€yaAoo-apos5 with large brushes, in reference to the- scopulated
metatarsi and tarsi.

206 RECORDS OP THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Palin. — Long ; furnished with rastellum ; copulatory organ
large, inflated ; stigma moderately long.

Ma^'lJlce. — Long, arched, inner angle scopulated, apices
widely divergent.

Labium. — Short, free, broadest at base, apex truncated.

Sternum. — Gently arched, truncated in front, where it is
narrowest ; broadest toward postei'ior extremity ; two sigilla
only visible, and these seated close to posterior extremity, and
near to outer angles.

Abdomen. — Overhanging base of cephalothorax ; hairy.

Spinnerets. — Four, short, not extending beyond tip of
abdomen ; superior pair three-jointed ; basal joint as long, or
nearly as long as second and third joints combined; terminal
joint coniform, inferior spinners very short, and placed closely
together.

Megalosara villosa, sp. nut.

(Fig, 16-22.)

<? Cephalothorax 9.6 mm. long, 8 mm. bi-oad ; abdomen,
8 mm. long, 5.8 mm. broad.

CephalothorK.v. — Piceus, not shining. I'ars lu-plndiftt smooth,
strongly arched, sides declivous, gently sloj)ing from anterior
angle to thoracic fovea, surface provided with a few scattei-ed,
yellowish hairs chiefly in front and at sides. /'ro-.s' t/inriii-icK
broad, sloping very gently to posterior angle, sides uneven
and deeply and irregularly impressed, radial grooves broad
and deep ; upper surface sparingly furnished with shoi-t,
yellowish hairs, while the sides and the posterior angle are
densely clothed with long, coarse, yellowish hairs ; ch/petitt
not deep, yellowish-brown ; thorncic fovpn deep, very slightl}'
procurved ; untnji mil hmnl thicklv fi-ingt'd \vith long, vellowish
hairs.

Eyes. — As in figiii'e ; front row jirocui'ved ; outei" eyes
sensibly the largest ; the median pair of this row are se])arated
from each other by a space equal to once their individual
diameter, and each again from its anterioi' lateral neighbour
by a space equal to about one half the individual dianietei' of
the former ; the outer eyes of the second or posterior i-ow are
sensibly smaller than the median anterioi- paii'; tlu^ iniier eves
of the second I'ow ai'e minute and elliptical, and each is placed

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ARANEID^T: RAINBOW,

•207

Fig. 16.— i^/. villosa, Rainb.. Eyes.

close to its lateral neiglihour ; the space intervening between
the lateral eyes of the second row
is equal to five times their indi-
vidual diameter, and these are
again removed fiom their anterior
lateial neighbours by a space
equal to about once the individual
diameter of the latter. The en-
tire series of eight eyes are poised upon a slightly elevated
tubercular eminence, w^hich latter is decidedly broader than
long (fig. 16).

Lsijs. — Long, tapering, reddish-brown, densely clothed with
long, coarse, grejush hairs or bristles ; the underside of each
tibia of the first and second pairs are provided with spines,
while tlie third and fourth pairs have the tibise and metatarsi
so armed ; none of the spines are very long or strong. At
apex of tibia (first pair) there are two spiirs or apophyses, of
these the upper one is bifurcated and the lower armed with
four long, strong teeth (figs. 17 and 18). These spurs stand
boldly out, and the intervening space between them is de-
pressed, and forms a large, rather deep pit. Measurements
of legs in millimetei'S as follow : —

Fig. \1.—M. villosa, i . Rainb.,
Tibia i., inner side.

Fig.318.— jl/. vi/losa, J. Rainb.
Tibia i., from above.

Leg.

Coxa.

Trochanter &
Femur.

Patella &
Tibia.

Metatarsus &
Tarsus.

Total.

1
•->

3
4

5

4.4
3.3
3.5

9.4
9.4
7.5
9.8

10.2
9.4
6.8

12.1

10

9.(1
8.7
11.5

34.6
32.8
26.3
3(>.9

208

RECOKDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEU.M.

Faljii. — Similar in colour aud clothing to legs ; moderately
long; radial joint very large, inflated, apex bifurcated (fig.
19) ; base of bifurcation hollowed out ; angles of processes
thickly set with short, stiff bristles or small teeth suggestive
of the armature of a rastellum ; digital joint rather small,
overhanging its neighbour like a hood, and is strongly armed
over the greater part of its upper surface with short stiff
bristles or small teeth, which latter again suggest a rastellum ;
this joint carx-ies the genital hulb (fig. 20) which is bright and
shining and terminating with a strong, moderately long,
style. The palp of this species somewhat recalls that of
Bh(kisfo)iin ((uvea, Hogg.

Fig. 19.— A/, viliosa, Rainb.. Fig. 20.-^1/. vitlosa, Rainb.,

d" Palpus, outer angle. i Palpus, inner angle.

Falces. — Long, moderately stout, arched, ])i()- ^"^

jecting for about oye-tliird their length, then • ,

curving sharply downwards, clothed Avith long, • •

coarse yellowish bi'istles ; apical portion of « .

outer angles furnished with long, foxy-red hairs ; • •

teeth forming front row of rastellxui long, and «;

projecting over base of fangs ; those at the rear *•'. ^

of the latter are spread over a considerable sur-
face, are very small, and are suggestive of a nifinb.'.^chemfof
rasp or file. Inner angle of the furrow of each dentition,
falx armed with ten sti'ong teetli and the outer
angle with seven ; there is also an intei-mediate row consisting
of seven small teeth (iig. 21).

STUDIES IN AL'STKALIAN AH A\KI H.f. RAINBOW.

209

}[a.rillip. — Chocolate brown, long, arclied, bristly, inner
angles clothed with fringes of long foxy-red liairs.

Lohliou. — Concolorous, short, broadest at base, apex trun-
cated.

Stern II ID. — Concolorous also, hairy, elongated, moderately
convex, narrow in front, anterioi' angle truncated, broadest
behind, posterior extremity terminating between the fourth
pair of coxae in an obtuse point ; one pair of sigilla only visible ;
these latter are distinct, and are located near the outer angles
at its broadest part.

Abdomen. — Obovate, slightly projecting over base of cepha-
lothorax, densely clothed with long, coarse, yellowish brown
hairs.

Spinnerets. — As in figure (fig. 22).

Fig. 22—^1/. villosa, Rainb.
Spinnerets.

Hah. — Enfield, near Sydney.

Group ARBANITE^.

Genus Arbanitis, L. Koch.

Only two species of this genus have, up to the present time,
been recorded from the Commonwealth, namely A. longipes,
L. Koch, from Bowen, North Queensland, and ^-1. macidipes,
Hogg, from Tasmania. In his paper " On Australian and New

210 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MrSETM.

Zealand Spiders of the Suborder Mygalomorplia^," Mr. Hop;g
gives a key of the species then known to him^^ in which he

Middle eyes of front row about | diameter apart (sec. L. Koch)

A. lougipes, L. Koch.
To this I now add : —

Middle eyes of front low one-third their individual diameter
apart A. fuscipes, Mihi.

Middle eyes of front row separated from each other by a space

equal to nearly once their individual diameter

^-1. niaculipes, Hogg.

Arbanitis fuscipes, sp. nov.

(Figs. 23, 24, 25.)

$ Cephalothorax, 12.2 mm. long; 9.9 mm. broad; abdomen,
13.6 mm. long ; 9.9 mm. broad.

Cephalothorax. — Chocolate-brown, furnished with a few
rather long and scattered fine hairs. Pars cephalica arched,
anterior angle truncated, slightly depressed at rear of ocular
area, thence very gradually rising towards its highest point,
which is about two-thirds its length ; from the summit the
slope is sudden and almost piecipitate to thoracic fovea ; sides
declivous ; the normal grooves are very broad, and each is
broken by two deep, elongate pits, which latter are separated
from each other by a broad, strongly-arched ridge or bar;
clypeus almost white, deep, broad, sloping, lower angle sinuate,
and furnished at the middle with a tuft of short, pale hairs.
Pars fhoracica broad, arched, clotlied with a few short, scat-
tered hairs ; radial grooves broad, distinct, somewhat broken,
thereby giving the surface an uneven appearance as though
impressed with deep and shallow pits ; fhiiraclc fovea very deep,
broad, somewhat sinuous in outline, slightlj- — but distinctly —
procurved ; nmrijival hand narrow, sinuous, and sparingly
fringed with short hairs.

u Hogg— Proc. Zool. Soc, 1901, p. 233.

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN AKANEIH.f: RAINHDW.

211

Fig. "a—A. fuscipes, Rainb-, Eyes.

Eyes. — Conij)act, seated upon a slitrlitly raised and arclied
tubercular euuneuce wliicli is broadei tliaii long, they are
arranged in two rows consisting of four eacli ; the front row
is procurved ; of this row the median pair ai-e large, round,
and removed from each other by a
space equal to one-third their in-
dividual diametei', and from the
front laterals by a space equal to
nearly once the diameter of a front
median eye ; the front lateral eyes
are elliptical, heavily margined
with black on the inner angle ;
they are poised obliquely and are
separated from each other by a
space equal to three times their
longitudinal diameter; the space intervening between the
lateral eyes of rear row is equal to six times the longitudinal
diameter of one of the inner eyes of that series ; lateral eyes of
posterior row of equal size to their anterior lateral neighbours,
obliquely poised, and heavily margined with black on the inner
angle ; gauged bj' its rear angle, the posterior row is somewhat
recurved while by its anterior angle it is straight (fig. 23).

Legs. — Strong, moderately long, metatarsi and ta.rsi of
first two pairs scopulated ; fuscus ; thickly clothed with
long hairs ; femur of front legs bowed; tibia i. armed with
six long and strong spines, of which three are seated at the
underside of the outer angle, and three distally at the inner
angle ; tibia ii. has four similar spines on the underside
of its outer angle, two on the underside of the inner angle, and
three distally at the inner angle;
outer angles of tibia iii. armed
with three spines and distally
with four ; tibia iv. has several
bristle-like spines distributed
over the surface, the outer and
inner angles, and distally on the
under side ; each metatarsus is
is armed with six long, strong
spines on the undei-side ; metatarsus iii. has six similar spines
on the upper surface ; tarsus iii. and iv. have each four spines
on the underside. Outer superior claws armed with five teeth

Fig. 2i.~A. /uscipes, Rainb., Outer
superior claw-

212

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

(fig. 24-). Posterior lee: less robust and more tapering than its
neighbours. Measurements in millimeters : —

Leg.

Coxa,

Trochanter &
Femur.

Patella &
Tibia.

.Metatarsus &
Tarsus.

Total.

1

6

11.2

10.2

7.7

35.1

9

5.6

10.7

9.3

7.1

32.7

3

5.1

8.9

7.8

6.1

27.9

4

0.3

12

12. (i

0.9

30.8

Palpi. — Long, strongly bowed, robust, similar in colour and
armature to legs ; tibial joints each armed with six long spines
on outer angle and three on inner; underside armed with eight
— four on each side ; tarsal joints scopulated. Measurements

in millimeters as follow : Coxa, 5.5 ; trochanter and femur,

8.3 ; patella and tibia, 7.8 ; tarsus, 4.2 ; total 25.8.

Falces. — Chocolate-brown, long, stout, ai'ched, projecting for
about one-half their length, then curving sharply downwards ;
outer angles at base, and for about two-thirds their length
smooth; inner angles and apices clothed with long bristles; rastel-
Jum composed of a number of moderately short fine teeth. Inner
margin of furrow of each faJx armed with a row of
nine moderately long, strong teeth ; outer margin ■^.

armed with a row of thirteen smaller teeth, of '^

which the five nearest the apex are arranged in
a single row ; the remaining seven, which become
gradually smaller towards the base of the falx, are
clustered together; the teeth comprising the inner
row terminate at the apical angle at the juncture
of the falx and fang, while those that constitute
the outer row terminate in a line about midway
between the third and fourth apical teeth of the ajyes, Rainb-
outer row (fig. 25) ; outer angle of each furrow, dentiTion.
fringed with long, foxy-red liairs. Famjs long and
powerful.

Ma.i'iUre. — Concolorous with falces, arched, hairv, inner angle
fringed with long, fox3--red hairs.

Labium. — Concolorous with above, sunk beneath maxillte, as
broad as long, clothed with coarse hairs or bristles.

• • •

Fig.25— ^./'«-

STUDIES IN AL-STHAUAN AKANF.ID.I-— RAINBOW. 213

Sfenunn -Concolorous also, ,noderat.ely arched narrowest in
frcnrai ical anc,le truncated; posterior extremity broadest nea
o4 of Hrd p;ir of legs, and ternnnatin, in an obtuse point
between the cox« of the fourth pair. S.j.lh' normal.

AMnnien—Ov^ie, overhanging base of cephalothorax,strong-
ly arched, hairy, yellow-brown.

Spiunerets.-S^ovt, stout, not extending beyond posterkrr
extremity of abdomen. The superior pair are separated f om
each other by a space equal to once their individual diameter ;

hey a three-jointed; tlie first joint is the stoutest, and is
equal in length to the second and third combined ; third joint

oTewhat longer than the second, conical and rounded, nferior
spinners exceedingly short, and separated from each othei bj
a space equal to once their individual diameter.

^rt^,._Willoughby, North Sydney.

Arbanitis longipes, L. Koch. ^

(Figs. 26-27.)

In 1874 Dr. Ludwig Koch proposed, for the reception of a
Queensland spider the generic and specific names ^^ /;^^;';'^'^
it^nipes, ..hich species he also figuredi^. From Dr. Thomas
L Bancroft, of Eidsvold, Queensland, the Museum has received
from time to time, miscellaneous collections of "f ^^f /^f ^^j-^
specimens and amongst these males and females of what 1 take
to be A. longipes. Up to the present the male only has
been described, and in comparing Dr. Bancroft's material with
Koch's description and figure, I find that both agree save _ in
respect of certain details, the chief and most important being
the omission of any indication or suggestion by Koch of the
presence of tibial apophyses or spurs on leg i. I- ^''^ -J^^^;^^
before me from Eidsvold and the Lpper Burnett Riyei , the
feature here referred to is very distinct and it certainly seems
remarkable that the distinguished author who founded the

15 Koch.-Die Aracli. des Austr., i., 1874. pp. 472 and 491.. pi. xxxvi.,
fio-s. 3, 3a, 36, 3c.

214

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

genus and described the type species (of which his specimen
was a male) should not have observed and noted so prominent
a character, and which is, in fact, a generic one.

Simon, in his great work^^ placed Arhanltig in the Nemesiese
group, and in his comments, saj's: — " Les caracteres des males
rappellent un peu ceux de ces derniers : les tibias anterieurs,
sauf deux exceptions {Uachias et ScaUdoy)uithus), sont pourvus
d'un ou de deux eperons apicaux, qui le plus souvent ne sont
que des epines plus fortes que les autres et un peu courbes,
mais qui dans certain cas {Arhanitis et (Jemjsa) prennent la
forme de veritables apophyses," while in his description of the
genus, he says : — " ^ Tibia antica calcare
apicali valido instructa " i''. Later, in his
supplement, the author last quoted removed
this genus from the Nemesise, and made
it the type of a new group for which
he px'oposed the name Arhu7iite(p^^. Further,
my friend, Mr. H. R. Hogg, made no refer-
ence to the tibial spur under discussion
in his paper " On Australian and New
Zealand Spiders of the Suborder Mygalo-
morphae." ^^ As Simon had drawn attention
to it, and defined it as an obvious generic
character, Hogg may not have deemed any
additional remarks upon the point in question l. Kocii.,Tibia of leg
necessary. For the convenience of students I '• ^'■°''" beneath,
give herewith a diagram of of the tibia of leg
i., showing the apophyses (fig. 26). That which I suspect to
be the female of ^-1. Jdjiyipes is herewith described : —

2 Cephalothorax, 12.3 mm. long, 9.2 mm. broad ; abdomen,
14 mm. long, 9.5 mm. broad.

('ephalothnrd.r. — Longer than broad, dark brown, arched,
moderately hairy ; pars cepltaJira arched, slight)}' depressed at
rear of ocular area, sides compi'cssed ; ocular area consists of a
distinctly raised eminence, which is broader than long, arched,

i« Simon.— Hist. Nat. des Araign., i., 1892, p. 111.

'^ Simon. — Loc. cil., p. 115.

J« Simon.— Loo-, cit., ii., 1903, p. 903.

19 Hogg.— Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, pp. 230 and 233.

Fig. '>e.—A. long-tprs

STUDIES IN AUSTKAMAN ARANKIDA: RAINHUW.

215

and almost black ; cIijjx'ks moderately deep, of a peai-l-grey
tint, fringed with black bristles, which latter are longest and
strongest in front of eyes ; pars thoraclca arched, sloping to
posterior angle, radial grooves distinct ; tltornclc fovpn straight
and deep ; maryiind hand narrow, of a somewhat pearl-grey
tint ; sinuous in outline, and sparingly fringeil with short,
black haiis.

Eyes. — In two I'ows of four each ; front row pi'ocurved, rear
row recurved ; those constituting the front row are the largest
of the group and of equal size ; each front lateral eye is
removed from its inner neighbour by a space equal to about
once its individual diameter, while the median paii' are sepai--
ated fi'om each other by a space somewhat less than their
individual diameter ; of the rear row the laterals are elliptical,
and their longitudinal diameter equal to that of one of the
eyes of the anterior row ; inner eyes of rear row small, widely
separated from each other and each closely contiguous to its
lateral neighbour.

Legs. — -Long, strong, dark brown, hairy, but having on the
upper surface of the femur, patella and tibia of each long,
yellow, naked sti'ipes ; hairs on underside of all legs ver}' long;
femur of leg i. 011I3' slightly bowed ; femur of leg ii. is a.lso
slightly bowed, but less so than that of leg i.; tibiae of legs i.
and ii. are each armed with seven long spines ; tibia iii. with
three, and tibia iv. with six ; metatarsi i. and ii. each aimed
with ten long and powerful spines, and iii. and iv. with six
each; tarsi i. has ten spines, and all the others six each ; tarsal
scopulfe divided ; superior claws long, and furnished at base
with thi'ee long teeth ; fourth leg relatively thinner than its
neighbours and more tapering. Measurements in millimeters
as follow : —

Leg.

Coxa.

Trochanter
and Femur

Patella
and Tibia.

Metatar.sLis
and Tarsus.

Total.

1
2
3
4

5.5
4.3
3.4
4

9.6
9

7.5
12.2

10.8
9

8
10.7

7.7
6.8
6.8

8.7

33.6
29.1
25.7
35.6

216 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Talpi. — Moderate]}' long, strong, similar in colour and
arinature to legs; femur slightly bowed; tibia armed witli seven
long, stout spines, and the tarsus with twelve; claw long and
furnished with one large tooth at base. Measurements in
millimeters as follow: — Coxa, 5.5 ; trochanter and femur, 9.2 ;
patella and tibia, 7.7 ; tarsus, 5.7 ; total, 28.1.

FaJces. — Concolorous with legs, clothed with long,

coarse haii's or bristles ; there are, however, areas f

running from base to near the apex that are fi-ee ,•,

from hirsute clothing and these are smooth and ••'»

shininar, broadest at the base, and acuminate at ••

apex ; outer ajigles fringed with reddish hairs; each •

falx has two of these, the uppermost one in each •

case being much the broadest; the outer margin of pj 97—^ ?

the furi'ow of each falx has a series of eight strong lo'igipfs, i..

teeth, an inner row of six, while at apical extremity scheme of

there are two additional teeth that constitute a dentition,
second inner row ; the inner mai-gin of the furrow of each falx
has two very large and very strong teeth (fig. 27).

Miwtlht'. — Dark brown, divirgent, arched, hairy, curving
round the lahimn to a narrowish heel at lower extremity; inner
angles fringed with long reddish hairs, and fui-nished near
their base with a few tooth like spines.

]ji(hiiiiii. — Concolortuis genei'ally, tlumgli slightly paler at
apex, short, broad, nearly square, arched, slightly curved at
apex, hairy, and having a few toothlike spines at apex.

SteniunK — Dark brown also, tliough slightly lighter in colour
at posterior extremity, navi'owest, in front where it is excava-
ted to I'eceive base of labium ; it is bi-oadest at a jioint near
the third pair of coxsb, arched, liairy ; fiijiUn moderate and
marginal.

Abdomen. — Apparently obovate and slightly overhanging base
of cephalothorax (unfortunately this part of the body had been
injured in collecting) ; above it is of dai'k bi-own colour and
hairy ; beneath it is dark brown also, and clothed with long
hair ; jiuIrnoiiKnj cfKCt^ yellowish ; the chitinous plate imniedi-
atel}' above the rii)i(( <-p!(i(tstn's has a i)ale yellowisli patch at
the middle of the lower angle.

STUniKS IN AUSTIiAMAN AHAN Kl D* HAIN'HoW. 217

Spinnerets. — Short, stout, yellowisli, hairy ; basal joint of
superior inaniniillje longer than those of the first and second
eonihineil ; third joint niucli the shortest, and rounded at apex.

Hiib. — Eidsvold and Upper Burnett River, Queensland.

Group EUOPLO^.

Anuing the niaierial in our cabinets, received from time to
time through the generosity of Dr. Thos. Bancroft, there is a
large female trap-door spider with ova-sac and young, and
apparently a hitherto undescribed form. The species in
question evidently belongs to the sub-family Ctenizinse, but at
the same time differs from all Australian Ctenizid genera
known to me chiefly by the form of the labium and disposition
of the sternal sigilla. In the Austi-alian genera of the sub-
family Ctenizinffi, the lip is somewhat square, being short and
broad, while in the specimen before me it is rather longer than
broad, and coniform. Simon, in defining this sub-family, says
of the labium : " piece labiale libre ou moins separee du
sternum par une strie suturale et rarement un peu plus longue
que large " ^o. In respect of the sternal sigilla — the form
under review — appears to come nearest to that of the genus
Genynii, Simon — group Genijsea; — but differs therefrom by its
eyes. This will be seen at a glance if the reader will compare
Simon's figures and description^! with those given hereiinder
(figs. 28 and 31). Taking the facts herein briefly noted, in
addition to others that will occur to the student as he peruses
the description I give below, it appears to me that I have no
other alternative than to erect not only a new genus for its
reception, but also a new group name ; I therefore propose
Euoplos for the former, and Euoplo^a for the latter.

Genus Euoplos,22 ijev. nov.

Ceplinlothorax. — Longer than broad. Pars cepludica raised
(somewhat as in MissuJena, though not quite so high), sides
deeply impressed at junction of cephalic and thoracic

20 Simon.— Hist. Nat. des Araign., i., 1892, p. 85.
-1 Simon. — Loc. cit., ii., 1903, p. 90o, figs, b, c.
troTrAos, well armed.

218

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

segments ; ocular area broader than long, slightly elevated ;
pars tlioracica arched, sloping posteriorilj', radial grooves
deep ; thoracic fovea profound, recurved.

Falces. — Large, massive ; margin of the furrow of each falx
armed vpith sti"ong teeth ; in addition to these there is also an
intermediate row. Bastelliint present.

Eyes.- — Arranged in two rows of four each ; front row re-
curved ; rear row, owing to smalhiess of inner eyes, has the
appearance of being slightly recurved in its fiont line, and
slightly procurved at the rear (tig. 28).

Fig. 28.—^. sfihtttipt's, Rainb., Eyes.

Legs. — Not long, sturdj^ tapering, strongly bespined ; no
true scopula ; thj'oe tarsal claws present.

Palpi. — Long, strong, besj)ined.

Maxilhc. — Strong, divergent, arched, furnished with a few
toothlike spines near the base.

Labium. — Free, coniform, arched, ratlier hunger than its
basal width ; no toothlike spines present.

Sternum. — Nari-owest in front, broadest at a point nearest to
coxae iii., anterior aiigle nearly sti-aight, posterior extremity
terminating in an obtuse point; ,ti(jil!ii, four; anterior pair
small, mai'ginal ; posterior pair laige, witlcly reniovrd fi'om
margins.

Abdonieu. — Obovate.

Spiu)ierets. — Short, sturdy; superior mammillfe three-jointed,
and exceeding in length the second and third combined; second
j(jint rather longer than third ; the latter rounded.

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ARAXEID.f; RAlNlinW. 219

KUOI'LOS SPINMPKS, .«/*. liitc.

(Figs. 28-31.)

9 Ce[)lialothorax, 1-4.7 nun. long, 11.5 mm. broad; abdomen,
19.6 inm. long, 11.8 mm. broad.

l'ephidiitJioi-a,c. — Longer tl)an broad, sraootb, glossy, rich
mahogany brown. Pars cephulicd elevated, sides declivous,
compressed laterally w^ith deep pits at junction of cephalic and
thoracic segments, rear extremit}' sloping suddenly to thoracic
fovea, a few short, fine hairs scattered over the surface; besides
these latter there is a tuft of long black haii'S immediately in
front of the eyes ; octdar area a black, slightly elevated and
arched tubercle which is broader than long; clijpeiis moderately
deep, of a somewhat whitish opalescent tint ; pars thoracica
arched, sloping to posterior angle, radial grooves deep and
broad; thoracic fovea broad, very deep; hiarij'nial hand broad,
concolorons with clypens, spai'ingl}- fringed with moderately
long, fine hairs.

Ei/es. — Eight, seated upon a black, moderately i-aised, arched,
tubetcular eminence, and distributed over two rows consisting
of four each, and of which the anterior one is strongly recurved ;
of this row the lateral eyes ai-e elliptical, and are separated
from each other by a space equal to rather more than five
times their individual longitudinal diameter, whilst the
median pair aie round, and are separated from each other by
a space equal to once their individual diameter ; each median
eye is, again, separated from its lateral neighbour by a similar
space ; of those constituting the posterior row, the outer
laterals are elliptical, and the inner eyes which are the
smallest of the group, round ; these latter are each close to its
lateral neigh boui-, though it does not touch it, and are separ-
ated from each other by a space equal to rather more than
three times the individual diameter of one of the front median
ej'cs ; viewed from the side the posterior row of eyes is
distinctly recurved on its front line, and slightly procurved on
its rear line (fig. 28).

220

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Legs. — Short, sti-oiig-, coiicolorons witli ceplialotliorax, liairy ;
liaii-s rather long and black; there ai-e, however, on tlie upper
Burface of their I'espective joints, elono-ated naked areas whicli'
impart to the limbs the appearance of being striped ; apical
extremities of joints of each leg wholly or partially ringed
with white, each ring, with the exception of those of the coxae
and trochanters is much the broadest underneath ; tibiae i. and
ii. armed with seven rather short but powerful spines; tibia
iii. has two short, stout spines on the outer angle, and tibia iv.
one ; metatarsus i. armed with about thirty shoi-t stout spines,
which are arranged mostly in pairs on the outei- and inner
angles (some of these have been broken off) ; metatarsus ii.
has twelve spines, iii. has eight, and iv. ten, and there are in-
dications of others having been broken off, so that the numbers
given must be accepted as being relatively correct ; tarsi i.,
ii. and iii. have each seventeen strong, short spines, and tarsus
iv. about twelve ; there are indications that some spines have
been broken off each tarsus of leg iv., so that the number
given •piust be accepted as being approximately correct; un-
gual tufts extend to tips of claws; superior claws long and
furnished with a row of two or three long teetli at the base,
wliich latter are obscured by the nngnal tufts. Measurements
in millimeters as follow: —

Lea-

Coxa.

Trochant el-
an tl Femur.

I'atclla
and Tibia.

Alctat.irsus
and Tarsus.

Total.

1
2
3
4

6.4
5.7
4.3
5.5

11.8

10.7

5.2

i2.r)

10.9
9.6
4.7

12.5

6.()
6.6
8.0

9.6

35.7
32.6
22.2

4;m

T'liliii. — Long, sti'ong, similar in colour iuid clothing to legs ;
femur bowed ; tibia armed with twchc long strong spines,
and tai'sus with t went v-fi>ur ; claw long. MeasurcnuMits in
millimetei's as follow: — Coxa, 6.S ; trochanlci' ami l\'n)ui',
10; patella and tibia, 9.7; tarsus, 4.7; total, 31.

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ARANEID.?: RAINBOW.

221

Fig. 29. — E. spinnipes,

Rainb., Inner surface of

falx.

Fig. 30— E. sptn-

Falces. — Ciincoloroiis with l<'^''s, jjori-ected, upper Kui'face and
outer aiig'les clothed with coai'se black
haifs or bristle.s ; these latter are much
the longest on the upper surface or angle
and apical extieniity ; on their inner side
each falx has iieai- the base and just be-
neath its upper angle a sei'ies of ad-
pressed spinelike bristles, while the entire
inner surface is moderatel}^ , ^
clothed with long fine hairs
(fig. 29) ; outer and inner
angles of the furrow of each
falx armed with seven strong
teeth ; of these two rows
tliose upon the inner angle
ai-e the lai-gest and most extended, between
these I'ows there is an intermediate one having ?«>«. Rainb..
fourteen teeth, and these are the smallest of dentiTion.
the series (fig. 30) ; teeth of rasteUum small and
distributed over three rows ; faiKjt^ l<'i'8') powerful, nearly
black.

M((.ciJJir. — Reddish-brown, thickly clothed witli long liairs,
divergent, arclied, furnished with a few tooth-like spines at
base ; basal extremity curving round side of labium, and
terminating in a heel-like process (fig. 31).

Lahiuiii. — Concolorous, similarly clothed, in length ratlier
exceeding width at base, coniform,
not furnished with tooth-like spines,
arched, and having a distinct though
narrow, sinuous, transvei'se groove
at base (fig. 31).

Stern KUi. — Concolorous also, some-
what shield-shaped, arched, hairy ;
siyilhi four; of these the anterior
pair are small and marginal, wliile
the posterior pair are large, and
removed froTu their lespective mar-
gins (fig. 31).

Ahdotneii. — Obovate, arched, over-
hanging base of cephalothorax ; upper

Fig. i\.—E. spinnipes, Rainb.,

Maxillje. labium, sternum, and

coxae.

222 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

surface and sides j'el low-brown, clothed with fine pubescence,
and sliort, stiff, spinelike bristles ; under surface concolorous,
pubescent ; chitinous plate in front of riuni ejiiijastris hairy,
somewhat lighter in colour and impressed with two lai'ge
sigilla.

Siihnierets. — Short, sturdy, somewliat ligliter in colour than
abdomen ; first joint of superior mammilla? longer than second
or third joints combined ; inferior mamniillse very sliort, and
separated from each other at their base b^' a space equal to
once their individual tranverse diameter.

Obs. — Since the above was written thi'ee additional 2
specimens have been forwarded by Dr. Bancroft to the Museum,
and. an examination of these discloses the fact tliat the size of
the marginal sigilla (the anterior pair) are variable, those
received later showing these distinctive impressions somewhat
larger than in tlie type specimen.

Hah. — Upper Burnett River and Eidsvold, Queensland.

(Jroiip CATAXE^.

Two specimens of a species for which I propose a new genus
(_'((t((.i'i'(i were included in material presented to the Trustees
by Dr. Thomas Bancroft, to which assiduous collector this
institution is so largely indebted. The new genus does not
appear to fall into any of Simon's groups, and for that i-eason
I venture to suggest the one above, namely : CataxesB. Cnfa.ria
agrees with the sub-family Ctenizina? by the compact gi'ouping
of the eyes, the presence of a rustclhiui, and the third tai'sal
claw, but it fails to fall into any of the known gi'oups of tlie
sub-family by, primarily, the com])lete absence of scopuhi, and
foi- til is icMsiin 1 am placing it at the end of the Ctenizina^.

Geinis Cataxia,-^ (/cii. )ior.

Cejihidiill/nrK.r. — Longer than broad, almost pni-allel-sided,
arched. l'ni:< ci'jiliKlira moderaiely raised, sloping forward
towards cl3'[)eus, and rearwards towaids tluuiUMc fovea.; ocular
area distinctly raised, broader than long, niched; i-hjjieus ^ee\i.
I'ltrs tln>racifit ai'ched, i-adial grooves distinct ; lltoracic fovea
deep, short, sti-aight.

-^ KiiTa^io'i — Of ti^ood worMi.

STUDIES IN AUSl'UAMAN AUANKID.K WAlNHnW.

223

Eijes. — In two i-ows of four eacli ; fioiif row j)i'o(*uive(l, rear
row reenrved.

/>(';/■<. — Short, inoderalrlv loiii;-, strong', (aperiii^, Iiairy,
spiiu'il ; devoid of scopula ; claws, 3 ; supei'ior claws long.
Relative lengtlis : 4, 1, 2, 3.

I'lilpi. — Long, strong, hairy, spined.

Fiilcef!. — Pi'ojecting well Forward, provided witli a r((strlli())i
and two rows of teeth.

}Iit,villiv. — Almost parallel-sided ; clothed witli bristles, and
furnislied with a few shoi't, tooth-like spines at base.

Luliiniii. — Shoi't, broad, arched ; as broad as long, and
furnished with tooth-like spines near apex.

StfniHiii. — Arched; one pair of sigilla present; these are
sub-niai'ginal, and indistinct in the type.

Alhhiiiieii. — Obovate.

Spiitiieret.'^. — Four ; sliort, cylindi'ical, superior manimillpa
three-jointed ; first joint longer than second ; third joint
shortest and domed ; inferior mammillse very short.

CaTAXIA MACDLATA, SjK nnv.

(Figs. 32-35.)

J Cephalothorax, 5.5 mm. long, 3.9 mm.
broad ; abdomen 6.8 mm. long 4.5 mm.
broad (fig. 32).

( 'epJndothoru.i'. — Longer tliau broad, red-
dish-brown with dark-brown patches and
dark-brown reticulated areas at sides and
front of cephalic segment ; surface smooth,
witli a few short, fine, 3'ellowish adpressed
haii's. Flirt; cephidicti moderately elevated,
arched, sloping gently forward towai'ds
clypeus, and more sharply rearward towards
thoracic fovea ; ocithir nrfu broader than long,
elevated, arched lonijitudinallv and laterally; „. „„ ^ , ,

' ■ If t • • F\ti. S>.—C. nuicu/a/a,

a few erect, stiff, black bi-istles in front ; the Rainb.

tubercle almost entirely black ; dijpeaa steep,

224

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

wavy, vitredUB. Furs lliurKcicd arclied, radial grooves distinct,
broad, and siift'used with dark-brown ; tliordceu fovea slioi-t,
deep, bi'oad, straight; niarytnal ba)id, uudiilafiiig, vitreous, with
wavy l)lack peiieilliiigs. spai'ingly fi'iiiged witli i-atlier h)ng, fine
black hairs (fig. 32).

Eyes. — Eight, arranged in two rows of four each; front I'ow
procurved, rear row recurved ;
median eyes of front row largest
of the group, and separated from
each other by a space equal to one
half their individual diameter ;
front lat.ei-als separated from each
other by a space equal to three
times the diameter of one of their
median neighbours; median ejen
of rear row smallest of the group,
and separated from their anterior
median neighbours by a space ,.-jj, 33^(7. ,„„,-„/„/„_ ^,,1^1,, Eyes,
equal to about once their individ-
ual and longitudinal diameter; latei-al eyes of rear row some-
what smaller than anterior laterals, and almost touching their
inner neighbours (fig. 33).

Legs. — Not long, moderately strong, upper sides yellow-
brown with longitudinal stripes of dai'k-bi-own, the latter
thickly clothed with fine black hairs, and long stiff black
bristles ; underside of legs dark-br-own,
thickly clothed with long fine hairs and
bristles ; leg i. is the darkest on the under-
side, and leg iv. the lightest; tibia i. has
eight long powei-fiil spines, and tibire ii.,
iii., and iv. have a siniilai- number of hmg,
Bpine-like bi'istles ; metatai-si i. and ii., arc
each ai-med with a series of ten long and
powerful spines, metatarsus iii. has eight,
and metatarsus iv. has also eight, but these
although long, are not so strong as those
on metatarsus iii., tarsus i. has eight long
and powerful spines ; tarsi ii., iii., and iv.
have also eight each, but they are more
bristle-like. Claws long; superior claAvs fiirnishctl with two
teeth, one vei-y short one, and one very long one (fig. 34)
Measurements in millimeters as follow : —

Fin. 34.— ^ iiiiJiuUila,

Kainb.. Superior tarsal

claw

STl'DIK.S IN Alsru.VLIAN AKAXKID.I': RAINIiDW.

225

Leu.

Co.\a.

•rrochantei- S
1-eiiuir.

Palclhi c«t
Tihia.

4.2

AK'tatai-siis .V
Tarsus.

Tcil.il.

]

2.2

4.4

3

13.8

• )

1.8

4

3.7

3

12.8

3

1.8

3.7

3.3

3

11.8

4

1.8

ri

5.2

4.5

16.5

I'ldjii. — Lono;, «troiio-^ siiiiihir in eoloiir jiiid clotliiiig to leg
i. ; femur bowed, patella anned on niidei'side with two long
spines, tibia with eight, and tarsus with twelve; iai'sal claw
Ioiil;-, with one large tooth at base. Measurements in milli-
nietei's as follow: — Femur, 3.7; ])atella and tibia, 3.7; tarsus,
2.1 ; total, 9.5.

Fdlces. — ConcH)loi-ous with cephalothorax, smooth at sides,
upon Avhicli a few fine, short, scattered hairs are »

noticeable ; upper angles and apices furnished
with stiff, black bristles ; the rafiteJl inn consists • *

of one row of long, powerful spines ; outer ridge * *

of the furrow of each falx armed with eight ^ I

small teeth, and the inner with six large teeth ; ^ *

there is no intermediate row (fie:. 35) ; outer

^ . ' Fig. 35.— C. war-
angles fringed with red hairs ; fKiiy long, and n/nhj, Rainb.,

-, 4 ■ ' Sclieme of

well curved. dentition.

Md.rilhi^. — Yellowish, moderately long, almost parallel-
sided, arched, base curving round the lip, and terminating in
a heel-like projection ; surface moderately clothed with black
bristles, inner angle fringed with red hairs ; a few (about
seven or eight) tooth-like spines at base.

Liihiiini. — Concolorous, fi'ee, strongly arched, short-, broad
(as broad as long), the base slightly wider than apex, near
which latter there is a procurvedrow of three tooth-like spines ;
there are a few loiig black bristles spread over the surface and
the apex, which is very slightly curved, and friiiged with long,
black bristles ; between the latter and the row of teeth, the
surface is smooth, and free from hairs and bristles.

226 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Sferinoii. — Coiicoloi-ons with labium, somewhat obovate,
arclied, anterior angle excavated to receive base of lip ; surface
chjtlied with long- black bristles ; two siyilla are present, but
they are not distinct nor large ; they are sub-marginal, and
are seated near the base of the second and third coxte.

Abdomen. — Obovate, slightly overhanging base of cephalo-
thorax, sti'ongly arched, modei'ately hairy, upper surface and
sides chocolate-brown, numerously pitted with small, yellow
spots ; ventra.1 surface lighter in colour, but displaying the
same scheme of ornamentation ; lower paii' of tracheal sacs
ringed with yellow.

Spivneret.-f. — Yellow, cylindrical, hairy, short ; superior
mammillae one-fourth the length of cephalothorax ; basal
joint largest, third shortest and domed ; inferior mammillee
minute, and sepai-ated from each other by a space equal to
fully twice their individual transverse diameter.

Hab. — Upper Burnett River, Queensland.

Suh-fiiiitili/ Bakychelin^.

a roup BARYCHELP]^.

(Jpxiift Bncyocrypta, Sliiioii.

EnCYOCRYTA ? FUSCA, L. Kiir]i.

(Figs. 36-39).

In 1873 Herr L. Koch described and figured the female of
this species under the name of ldio))iiiiati( fui^cK,-'^ but from
that date until now, no male has been reciorded. Recentl}' Mr.
F. P. Dodd, of Kuranda, North Queensland, presented to the
Trustees of this Museum, a dried sjiecimen of an adult male
E)ici/ocnjiifa, and which may, in all pi-obability, be syiumymouH
with that of Koch's species herein refei'red to. Only three
species of the genus are known fi'oni the mainland of Austra-
lia. The}' ai'e E. fiilitiiiiatd, Tlioi-., A', /■/^s■^(r, L. Koch, and E.
rrlicuhita, L. Kocli. The s])ecies collected by ]\Ti\ Dodd, is
decidedly not that, of the lattei', which in addition to dilTei'ing
tl)erefrom iu point of "ornamentation" and colouration, diffei'S

-^ L. Kocli — Die Aracli. des Austr., i., 1873, p. 47H, ]>1. xxxvii., tif^s.
1, la, 16.

STIUUBS IN AUSTBAI.IAX AHASEIIi.t— l'*IN W'"'.

i-n

,,U„ in re-.iu'.-t of s|«u-.. L.'lween U,e two median ejeB. E.
i ^f « Inno- flelicato spine, but is slioi-t, Hattened, lat.nei

!:^:.:La:M:;s:i;'p:..j. ^ ^^ f-- -%:^:;ti:t

ZaoiZUu.^ in tbewiy of silky pile, but, on tbe contrary
densei; dotired, especially on the l^,s palpj and ^b on.en
with lono- black hairs and bristles. E. reticalata, L. Kocl , has
J n xwn-ded from Port Macka,^ Rockha.npton and .y<W ;
F fnliaiinda Thor., from Cape York ; and L. jnsca h i<^och,
iMiUoM^r^Vto^^. AnotheV species pertaining to this genns
Ie ^ns^^iX Koch, fron. Pelew Island, a Gern.an posses-
sion away to the north of New Guinea.

For the convenience of students, I give the following
particulars : —

^ Cephalothorax, 9.6 mm. long ; 8.7 mm. broad ; abdon,en,
too shrivelled for reliable measurements.

■ c'e./m/.^Aor...-Suborbiculate, fuscus, thickly clothed with
1.1^ black hairs, arched, broad. I'.r. c.pl.^hca slightly
e evated, broad, arched, rounded in front, latera ?:">--« fj^
tinct- J,ive.s not deep. Far. th.nu.cn broad, moderately
Irched, la/eral grooves distinct ; thoranrp.ea deep, procurved ;
manjhal baud fringed with long, black hairs.

j^,,. -Raised ; seated upon a tubercular protuberance which
is lon.^er than broad, and arranged in three series, reading
ft-om the front or clypeal angle, of 2,2,4; the anterior and

25 Thorell-«tudi Kag. Mai. e Pap., ill., 1881, p. 245.

228

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MT'SEUM.

Oo oO
O O

Fit!.36.— £. ? fusca, L. Koch.
Eyes.

median eyes form a trapezium of
which tlie leiigtli is greater than the
breadtli ; anterior and lateral eyes
each heavily margined on their inner
angles with black ; the anterior eyes
are sepaiated from each other by a
space equal to rather moi-e than once
their individual diameter ; the medi-
an eyes are separated from each other
by a space equal to once their indi-
vidual diameter, from their anterior
neighbours by a space equal to about

one-and-a-half diameters, and again from the inner eyes of the
posterior row by a space equal to about one-and-a-quarter
diameters ; guaged by its posterior angle the rear row is some-
what recurved, while by its anterior angle it is straight; front
eyes close to margin of clypeus (fig. 86).

Le(is. — Fuscus, heavily clothed with long black hairs, and
armed on the underside with a few spines.
Metatarsi and tarsi scopulated ; tarsal
Hcopulje extending beyond the claws of
which there are only two. Apex of tibia
i. provided with a double apophysis, con-
sisting of two spui'S ; outer spur large,
two-toothed, and curving inwards; inner
tooth somewhat the longer, and the outer
by far the strongest ; the opposite spur is
much smaller and is also two-toothed, the
teeth dii-ected obliquely inwai'ds ; of tliese
latter the iTiner-tooth is the smaller and is
s{)ine-like, intervening space bet ween spurs
depressed (tig. 37). Measurements in
millimeters : —

Fii<. yi.—E. ? fusca, L.
Koch, Tibia of leg i.

Tt-ocli;inter &

Patella &

.Metatarsus <Sc

Total.

Leg.

Coxa.

1 Femur.

Tibia.

Tarsus.

1

4.1

10.3

9.9

9.3

33.6

')

.S.9

9.")

9.1

9.3

31.8

\\

3.5

4.7

S.I

9.7

2(>

4

3.9

lO.S

10.1

11.9

:<••,.?

STUHIKS IN AUSTHAMAN AKAN' Klltyi-; ItAINI'.oW.

229

rulpi. — Similar in ct)lonr and clotJiing
to legs ; troclianter sti'oiigly bowed ; I'adial
joint slioit; digital joint very small,
scopulated ; yeiiitnl bulb somewhat pear-
sliaped, I'ed, shining, and tei-minating with
a moderately long, flatteTied, obtusely
pointed, and slightly twisted process (tig.
38).

Fulces. — Short, moderately stroiig,

ai'ched, densely hairy, slightly projecting

forwai'd for a short distance, then sharply

curving downwa,rds. Uiistella^n consists

merely of spinous bristles. On the outer

ridge of each falx there are no teeth, but tlie inner is armed
with ten strong, and moderately large ones ; in
I addition to these there is a number of minute

granular teeth at the base forming an intermedi-
ate double row (tig. 39). Inner angles fringed
with long red hairs.

V\i>,. 38.—/?. ? fusca, L.
Koch, Left palp.

MuxiUiv. — Brown, arched, inner angles fringed
with long, red hairs, surface clothed with long
black hairs.

^'*^;-?^; ,"^" V'"" Lahivtii. — Concolorous ; longfer than broad,

ca, L. Koch, i i i • i

Scheme of denti- strongly arclied ; slightly rounded at apex,
*'°"- clothed with black hairs.

SteriiiuiK — Concolorous also ; evidently' oval ; but as it has
been badly damaged it is not possible to give further details.

Abdomen. — Dai-k-brown, apparently ovate, strongly arched,
and overhanging base of cephalothorax ; upper surface and
sides densely clothed with long, black hairs ; ventral surface
thickly clothed with shoi-t, black hairs.

Spiinieretif. — Four; inferior spinners minute, and placed
closely togethei- ; superior pair cylindrical ; second joint
apparently as long as first, and the third short and liemis-
pherical.

Hah. — Cairns, Noi'th Queensland,

230 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Genus Idioctis, L. Koch.

Only one species of this genus lias up to the pi-esent, been
recorded from Australia, and that, /. puhiKtnni), Hogg, came
from Palm Creek, Central Australia, where it was collected by
members of the Horn Exploring Expidition. The species
described and figured hereunder, was collected by Dr. Ban-
croft, on the Upper Burnett River, Queensland. In tlie
material collected by that gentleman, so fai- as this species is
concerned, males predominated ; there were two damaged
females, but foi-tunately these latter weie sufficiently intact to
enable determination.

Idioctis ornata, sji. mn-.

(Figs. 40-44).

^ Cephalothorax, 4.6 mm. long ; 8.7 mm. wide ; abdomen,
6 mm. long, 2.9 mm. wide.

CephaJotlinni,!'. — Obovate, dark-broAvn, nearly black, clothed
with long, yellow hair. I'n.yx rephnJicti raised, sides sloping,
thoracic groove distinct; ociihtr (ircn slightly I'aised, rather
wider than long ; clijpens deep. I'<ir.-< tlmrKcirn arched, radial
grooves distinct ; thoracic fovea deep, straight ; iiiaiujiiia] hand
narrow, hairy.

I'Jifes. — Arranged in two rows of four each ; front row
strongly recurve 1 ; anterior hiteiul eyes touching margin of
clypeus, and sepai-ated
from each othei- by a
space equal to twice their
individual diameter ; an-
terioi- med.ian eyes are
separated from each other
bj' a space equal to rather ~c
more than one-half
their individual diameter;
i-ear row dtH'idedly pi-o-
curved on the ])osterior line; inner reai' eyes snuill, each
just touching the outer black ring of its lateral neighbour, and
each se])arated from the other by a space equal to twice the
diameter of one of the anterior median eyes (fig. 40).

FiM- 41). -A oi iiiilo, Rainb., Ryes

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ARANiillDJF. RAlNliOW.

281

7y(';/.^•. — Modei'sitely lont^-, thin, tapei'iii^'-,
elotlie^l witli lou^- black liairs and l()ii<>-
black, slender spines; femoral joints con-
colorous with cephalothorax ; all other joints
yellow ; tibia i. furnished on innei' angle at
apical extremity witli a double sj)ni- oi'
apophyses (fig. 41) ; two tarsal claws only.
Measurements in millimetei-s as follow : —

i-"\ti. 41. — ^- "ina/a,
Kainb., Tibia leg i.

Leg.

Coxa.

Trochanter &
Femur.

Patella &
Tibia.

Metatarsus &
Tarsus.

Total.

1
■)

3
4

1.8
1.5
1.3
1.6

5.3
4.5
4
5.5

5.3

4.5
3.8

().8

5.5
5.5
5.5
7.4

17.il
1(1.0

14.6
21.3

I'alpi. — Moderately long, similar in col-
our and armature to legs ; femoral joint
bowed; radial joint large, inflated, hollowed
out, and furnished on underside with a
lai'ge lateral sj)ur ; overhanging edge or
lip of pit armed with numerous black tooth-
like spines, each of which curves down-
wards ; digital joint overhanging radial
like a cap ; genital bulb rounded, broader
than deep, somewhat flattened above and
below, smooth and shining, and terminating
with a long, tapering slightly twisted style Hig.42.-/."r'/«/</, Rainb..
(fig. 42).

FaJce>^. — Long, porrected, dark-brown, rnther ^

narrow, clothed with coarse hairs or bristles ; '~
innei- angle of falx sheath armed with six rather

long teeth, and the outer angle with eight small ^ •:

ones; in addition to those hei'e enumerated there •

ai-e near the base between these two i-ows a couple •

of teeth, rather widely separated, and intei'- •

mediate in size (fig. 43) ; inner angles f""ged j,.^ ^.^ _^ ^,,,^^^^^,,

with red hairs ; fangs wine-red. Hainb., Scheme

of dentition.

232

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Miuilhe. — Yellowish, divei'g-eiit, inoderatel}- l(>ii<f, not strong;
surface moderately clothed with black, bristly hairs; inner
angles fringed with red hairs.

LahiiDii. — Concolorous and similar in clotliing to niaxillie ;
bi'oader than long, arched, widest at base, apex rounded.

Sternum. — Also concolorous, and similarly clothed; arched,
narrowest in front, broadest in the vicinity of coxae iv. ; pos-
terior extremity terminating in an obtuse point; sigilla two;
each is small, round, niaj'ginal, and seated opposite coxae iv.
respectively.

Ahdioiien. — Oval, arched, slightly overhanging
base of cephalothoj-ax, upper surface yellow, orna-
mented with broad, curved, dark-brown bars,
and spots; the lower transverse bars interrupted;
surface haii'y ; ventral sui-face pale yellow,
modei'atel}' clothed with rsithei' long, dai'k
hairs (tig. 44).

Spinnerets. — Nornuil.

Q — Except that it is I'athei- larger the Q doe^ Fin. 44.~f. oma/a,

7 ,.j^ . , c i\ T- i-i Rain., Abdomen.

not difrer m general appearance irom the (J, the
colour, clothing and ornamentation being exacth' the same.
The legs are long and tapering, and clothed and armed similar
to those of the opposite sex ; the palpi are long, and similai-
in clothing and armature to the legs ; femur bowed, and the
tarsi terminating with a single claw.

Huh. — Upper Bui-nett River, Queensland.

Sith-finilillJ Dll'I.UIUN.T^.

UruNp BllACHYTHKLE^.
Geiiiis A name L. KncJi.

AnAME ? PALl.lPA, L. Knrli.

Under the above name there is nni' spcciiiim, a male, in the
Museum cabinets, from New Soiilli Wales.

It is of coni'se, impossible in the absence of tlic lyjie, to
determine this species with any approach to accui acy. Koch's
specimen came from Bowen, Queensland and was apparently, a

STUDIED IN AUSTRALIAN ARANKTD^C — RAINBOW.

233

newly immlteil example, lit'iice, as Hogg points out, tlie desci-ip-
tion is somewhat misleading. The speeimeii befoi'e me, beai-s
out Hogg's remarks, relative to the abdominal marking and
lateial stripes.

Anamk iucoi.or, .s-y). nor.

(Figs. 45-47).

? Cephalothorax, 4.3 mm. long, 3.8 mm.
broad ; abdomen, 4.3 mm. long, 3.8 mm. broad
(fig. 45).

Cephah)thoraj\ — Obovate, fcruneate in fi'ont,
golden-straw-yellow, smooth, with a few tine
hairs and black bristles spread over surface.
Purs cepludica elevated, truncated in front, sides
declivous, sloping sharply to thoracic fovea ;
commencing at rear of eyes, and running from
thence to base of cephalic segment there is a
darker yellow marking- ; it is as wide as ocular Fifi -is.— -■'.'"^y/"''

•^ , Hainb.

tubercle in front, but becomes gradually narrower
towards tlie middle, from which point it sharply tapers off ;
extending laterally from the centre there is on each side a
concolorous, narrow, procurved brancli ; the sides are also
suffused with darker yellow; ocular area broader than long,
elevated, distinctly arched, black; chipeioi goldeii-straw-
yellow, fringed at middle with black bristles. Pars tliuracica,
broad, arched, radial grooves distinct; thoracic fovea very
slightly procurved ; )naryinal hmul nari-ow, concolorous with
cephalothorax.

Eyes. — In two rows of four each ; front row procurved, rear
row recurved ; lateral eyes of front row lai-gest of the group,

\/'\/.

elliptical, seated obliquely,
and nearly touching their
posterior lateral neigh-
bours; median eyes round,
separated from each other
b}' a space equal to once
their individual diameter;
rear side eyes elliptical,
and seated obliquely ; rear

median eyes smallest of the group ; each one is placed close to
and nearly touches its lateral neighbour (fig. 46).

Fig. 4(i. — --t. fiicoior,, Rainb., Eyes.

234

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Legs. — Concolorons with ceplialotliorax, moderately long' and
strong, liairy, and armed with a few black spines; superior
claws have two basal combs, each consisting of several pecti-
nations. Measurements in millimeters as follow: —

Lea.

Coxa.

Trochanter &
Femur.

Patella &
Tibia.

Metatarsus &
Tarsus.

Total.

1

2.4

3.4

3.8

3.2

12.8

2

2

3.2

3.5

3.2

11.9

3

1.5

2 4

3.1

2.8

9.8

4

2

3.4

4.2

3.4

13

raljii. — Shoi't, strong, concolorons with legs, hairj, spined;
femur bowed ; tai'sai claw has a comb with five pectinations.
Measurements in millimeters as follow: — Trochanter and
femur, 3.1 ; patella and tibia, 2.3; tarsus, 1.6 ; total, 7.

Ftdces. — Concolorons with cephalothorax, porrected ; on
outer sides there are a few tine, scattered, down- »

like hairs, and on upper surface and apices a ^

number of stiff bi-istles ; these latter are thickest ^

o\i a[)ices ; no true nistelhini is present, Imt some •

of the ai)ical bristles have been strenoftluMU'd to * .

perform the functions of one; outer angle Iringt'd ^*.

with yellow haii's ; outei' i-idge of the fui'i'dw of •**

each falx armed witli a row of seven moderattdy • ^

strong teeth, and the innei- I'idge with six ; in •

addition to these there is an irregulai- ami i^\tef- \:ifi.4T—A./>ico/oi,
mediate row of six small teeth (tig. 47). Rainb.. Scheme

\ '^ / of dentition.

M((,n'll(i'. — Pale-yellow, divirgeiit, ai'ched, moderately haii'v,
posterior angle curving round lip, and terminating in an ()l)tuse
point or heel ; foi" about, one-half its surface each nuixilla is
studded with dai-k-l)iii\vn tooth-like spines, and these jii'e most
numerous above the heel ; innei' angle fringed with long-, tine
yellowish hairs.

Ldliiinii. — Somewhat longer than l)io;id, concoloi'ous, urched,
apex rounded ; a few scattered hairs are distributed over the
surface, and there is also a fi'inge of same at apex; from the
summit to rathei' bevond midway thesiiiface istliieklx studded
with dark-brown tooth-like spines.

STn>lKS IN Al'STKAMAX AHANKIK^: |;A1M:u\V. '2'M^)

Sfeniniii. — CoucdIoj'ous, hroinlly oval, Hi-clietl, Jiiilerior angle
excavated to i-eceive base of lip ; mari^iiiH Fringed with black
bristles,;! fvw of wliicli aie mIso sea 1 1 crcd over the surface ;
sigilla, six; aiittMioi' paii's small, indistinct, marginal ; pos-
terior pair sub-marginal, mudei'atclv lai'ge, round, ol' a daiker
colour and dist inct.

Jbdoiih'ii. — Obovate, slightly overhanging base of ceplialo-
thorax ; upper surface and sides (dnicolate-brown, faintly
dotted with paler coloured spots, niodei-ately pilose; near the
front on the upper surface thei'e aj'e two soniewliat indistinct
rounded depressions ; running down the centre fi'om just above
fhe middle thei'e is a faint median streak from wliich foui- or
five pail's of ctnicoloi'ous and equally fine lateral streaks or
pencilling extend (these latter are more distinct in the co-type
than the type) ; ventral sui-face somewhat smoky-yellow, and
I'lothed with ratlioi' long black hairs.

,s'y//////''/<7s.— Short, yellow, haii'v ; superior nianimilhe taper-
ing ; tii'st joint longest and stoutest, second shortest; inferior
mammillas separated from each other by a space equal to about
once t heir individual transverse dianietei-, cylindrical, and as
lung, or ncai'ly as long, as the basal joint of superioi' mammillae.

Obt!. — A very distinct form, easily identirtable by its colour
and the spines upon maxillae and labium. This species was
included in a quantity of material collected by Mr. vS. J. U.
Aloreau, b}- -whom it was presented to the Trustees of the
Museum.

Uiib. — Antonio, near Hydal, New South Wales.

(f'i'int.-< Ixa.MATUS, Si III (III.

Under the name of l.ruln^ nirim^, L. Koch described a male
from Bowen, Queensland."-'' The species i-eferred to is unknown
to me ; it was also unknown (and 1 believe is so still) to both
Sinn in and llog-o-.

-'< Koch, Ti. — Die Arach. cles Austr., i.,"187;?, p. 169, pi. xxxvi., figs. 2,
2a-2''.

236 RECORDS OP THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Koch's generic name, l.ralii^, was sunk as a synonym by
Simon, it having been previously applied foi- a mammal, and
the name Lvannitns substituted instead, with rurinii as the type
species. Later, Simon again sunk Lnnitutiii; hh a synonym, and
associated rariiiii witli lliijinhifltelt^, H. Lenze, but Hogg in his
paper " On Australian and New Zealand Spiders of the Sub-
ordei' Mygaloiiiorpha?,"-" re-habilitated Simon's genus, and in
this the distinguished author of " Histoire Xatuielle des
Ai-aignees" acquiesced.

Unfortunately all trace of the specimen upon which Koch
founded genus and species aj)pears to be lost, otherwise, I feel
sure, mj' friend Mr. Hogg would have examined it when en-
gaged upon the task of preparing his paper just quoted. Un-
happih', too, Koch does not appear to have had an}- female
specimens, and until such, together with males, shall have been
pi'ocui-ed from the ty{)e locality, the matter will have to rest.

Among the material presented bj- Dr. Thos. Bancroft, to the
Trustees, are thi'ee female specimens of a species of Ixnimttns
which 1 am inclined to regai'd as an undescribed ft>riii, and idr
reasons which will appeal to students who will take the trouble
to compare the following description with those ali-eadv
published, l.ianiatiis is an Australian genus, and up to the
present time three species have been described, and in each
instance the male <uily is known. These species are 1. ruriii^.
L. Koch, From Bowen, Queensland ; /. <jrt>(/iirii, Hogg, fi-oiu
Macedon, Victoria; and /. linHnnii, Hogg, from Hill<>-rove,
New South Wales.

In studying the species described hereundei', 1 was somewhat
puzzled with the appearance of the tlmnicic foceii. Sinu)n
makes no reference to it in his " Histoire Naturelle des
Araignees," but Hogg, in his definition of tlie genus, says: —
"The thoracic fovea, is sti-aiglit"-^; on the succeeding page in
pointing out wherein his /. ijreiji'rii anil /. hniinin'i differ from
each other, the author observes that "the tlioracic fovea is
straighter " in the former species than in the latter; again in
his description of /. hriymn'i'^^ Mr. Hogg says: — " The fovea is

-■ Hogg.— Proc. Zool. Soc, I'inl. p. 2:
-8 Hogg. — Loc. cif., Y>. 257.
-« Hogg.— /vor-. rit., p. 260.

STUIHKS IN AUSTU.M-IAX AKAN'KID.K KAIXUdW,

237

I'atliei' long and (ltH'|), and (dejirly I'ecni'vcd." TlitM't' ciin l»t'
little doubt l)nt that tlif ift't'i'ence to the llmriiri,- fui-ru in the
(letinitidii of the genus is an aoeideiitii 1 sli[) ; and it appeal's
also cleai' to ino, that the dii'eotiou of the fovea in hvaunihix
has no L;tMKMir significance, because it is, according to Kocli,
straight in /. ritiiii.<\ " clearly recui'ved," to again quote Hogg,
in I. hrii.niiii ; and apparently somewhat less so in /. i/rci/Drii ;
while in the species desciihed hei-etindei', it is short, deep, and
{)rocurved.

TXAMATl'S DISTIXCTUS, !<ji. line.

(Figs. 48, 49.)

Cephalothora.x, lO mm. long, 7.^ mm, broad ; abdomen, 11
mm. long, 7.<) mm. I)riiad.

('eiihiiJothora,!'. — Long, iiari-ow, dai'k-brown, clotlied with
moderately long, tine, j-ellowish hairs ; pars cephalica raised,
strongly arched, sloping backwards to thoracic fovea, .sides
declivous, latei'al gi'ooves distinct ; uculur area a distinctly
arched, tubercular eminence, black, bi'oader tlian long, and
fi'inged in fi'ont with stout, black biistles; chjjii'its moderately
deep, slight ly wrinkled, a,nd of a, somewhat pearl-greyish tint.
7''Os l/idi-iir/ca moderately arched, radial grooves distinct,
posterior angle indented ; fhnrarir fovea short, deep, pro-
curved ; iitanjiiial liaml somewliat sinuous, coiicolorons with
clypens, moderately deep, and fi'inged with coarse black hairs
oi' bi"i sties.

'Eijes. — Front row of eyes pi'ocnrved ; rear I'ow j'ecurved
outer ej'es of front row ellipti-
cal, largest of the group ; fi'ont
median eyes round and sepai'-
ated from each other by a space
equal to I'ather more than one-
half theii' individual diameter;
rear eyes elliptical ; innei' rear
eyes smallest of the gi'oup ; the
group compact, wider than long
(fig. 48).

l-i(4. 4S.— /. (lisliiulKs. Kainh., F.yes.

238

RECOKHS (iK TilK ArSTR.\LIA\ MUSEUM.

Lt'(/.s. — Not long, tapei-iiig, tliickly clotlied with long, hlnck
Iiairs, which give tlie ambulatory limbs a very dark a|)[>eai--
aiice; upon each limb there ai'e narrow, elongate, naked
patches; metatarsi and tai-si of legs i. and ii. scopulated^*^ ;
tarsi only of legs iii. and iv. scopulated ; tibise and metatarsi
of all legs bespined ; claws with six or seven pectinations,
^feasurements in millimeters as follow: —

Leji-

3.(i

4

Tr

ochanter
Femur.

1

P;aelhi &
Tiliia.

9.2
8

Metatarsus iJi
Tarsus.

7.9
7.-")

7.1
(i.7

li 7
9

6/2
9.2

6
9

29.5
27.2
22.5
31.2

I'liljii. — Similai' in colour, arnial ure, and clothing to U'us ;
tarsi scopulated. Measurements in millimeters as follow : —
'I'rochanter and femin', 6. -A ; patella ami tibia, <5.5 ; tai-sus,
4.3; total, 17.2.

F(dre!i. — Long, somewhat narrow^ j)rojecting well foi'ward,
fully two-thirds the length of ceplialothorax,
dark-bi'own, almost black ; upper angles and 3

apical e.xtremities densely clothed with long
black bail's oi' bristles ; sides at base smootli,
but having a few short, scattej-ed liairs ; outer
angle of tlie furrow of each fal.x not dentic-
ulated ; inner angle provided with a row of
nine large and strong teeth and an internu'di- j

ate row of five small ones at base (fig. 49) ; |S

outer angle fringed with red hairs ; fangs j*.

long, dai'k-bi'own.

l-"i^. J9.— / disliiicliis,

l^iiinli.. Sctieme of

dentition.

}[i(,n'lhi'. — \^eilow, divergent, arched,
(dothed with long hairs, I)ases thick! v studded
with sliort. dark-brown tcnithlike spines, which latter impart a
(lecidedl\- <_;-r'anular appearance ; bases cui'vin^- inund labium,
;ind heeled at lower e\tremil\' ; ontei' auLi'le frinti'ed with loiis^-
reddish hairs.

•'" In connection with this feature the definition of the L^enus will
require auiendment, hecause in tlio description it is clearly stated tliat
" the metatarsi are not scupnlatei.1 on any of the lei;s." Mo^tjf, however,
remarks in his descriptifiu of T. (jrego,-ii, " tiie front two metatarsi jmrtly
scopnlatecl." Of. Iloijir, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1901, pp. 207 and 25H.

sTi'DiK.s IN ai\sim;.\i,ian' .m;ankii),k — i;aim;<i\v. 2'AU

Li(hii(iii. — Coiicolorous, aix^lied, l)i'Oii(l('r tlinii loii^'-, devdid of
spines, sides nearly sti-ai^lit, apex hollowed, t'lii-iiislied with a
lew short Itfistles, sr. hnii'ffred hciiealh iiiaxilhv.

Stennnii. — Yelhiwisli, though not so hiiyht as ma xilla' and
labium, airlied, hairy, t I'lmcaltMl in front, obtnsely acuminate
posteriorly; siijilhi moderately laii^feand mar<>'inal.

AliiJiinnui . — Sonu'wliat ol)o\ate, slij^ditly overhanj^'ini;- base of
cephalotliorax. upjier sui'faee and sides hairy ; ventral sui'face
lighter in colour, but hairy; plates of pulmonary sacs of a
rather bright yellow ; the chitinous plate immediately in fi-ont
of the rinni epigKstri?^ concolorous, im|)ressed with two large
figiUn, the lower angle fringed with long, black liairs ; there
is also a clustei- of long, black hairs near the anterior angle,
which latter is sinuous and very pale.

Spivnerets. — Superior mammilla equally as long as pars
cej)halic(i, yellowy clothed with short hairs, three- join ted,
tapering ; thii'd joint the longest, and second shortest; inferior
mammillfe short, and about two diameters apart.

Hnh. — Eidsvold, Queensland.

Geini!' Chenistonia, Hngij.

In 1901 Mr. H. R. Hogg, established a new genus to which
he gave the name ('heni^toiiin for the rece})tion of two species
collectetl by him at Macedon and Uppei' Macedon, Victoria,
respe(^tivelv, and to these — (_' . niiiriildln and ('. iimjnr — he a-dded
in the following year one othei', a South Australian form to
which he gave the name, ('. fepperi. In the material before
me, I have two species of this genus : One fi'oni North Sydney,
which is herewith described undei' the name of <'. Jmijyi, in
honour of my fi'iend referred to above, and one fi'om Nortli
Qiieenslainl, which latter is also herein desci-ibed.

In order to assist students I have drawn up the following
short table in elucidation of flie live species contained in the
genus : —

240 RECOKDS OK THE AUSTKALIAX .MrSEl'M.

A — Median eyes of t'rcnt row once their imlividiial dianieter
apart; labium .sliglitly broader tlian lon<)-, lidllnwed in
trout; no spines; abdomen above, black gi'ound with

transverse rows of medium sized yellow spots

< '. iiiiii'iihitii, Hogg.

B — Median eyes of fi-ont row barely theii' individual dianieter
apart ; labium slightly broader than long, hollowed in

front; no spines; abdomen yellow above and below

I' . tepperl, Hogg.

C — Median eyes of front row three-quarters their individual
diameter apart ; labium rather round, with three or four
spines in one row in front ; abdomen with a black median
dorsal stripe, and about five pairs of motley diagonal
lateral stripes on a buff ground ('. ma joy, Hogg.

D — Median eyes of front row rather more than one-half their
individual diameter apart; labium rather broaderthan long,
slightly hollowed at apex, and with four spines in a pro-
curved row in front ; abdomeii 3^ellow, irregularly mottled,
both above and laterally, with black ('. Inj'j'ji, !Mihi.

E — Median eyes in front row not more than one-half their
individual diameter apart ; labium slightly broader than
long, hollowed in front, ^ devoid of spines, 9 densely
studded towards apex with short tc^othlike spines ; abdo-
men, dark-brown in (J, yellow-brown in ^, densely clothed
with long hairs ..('. i/iriiiilti, Mihi.

mr

C/HKXISTo\lA iloi.i;r, .<p. I

(Figs. 50, 51.)

5 Ce|)halotlMirax, 9.5 mm. U)ng, 7.2 iiini. l)i'oad ; abdomen,
14-. i mm. long, 10 mm. broad.

I 'fpliiil(itlio)t(,i\ — Teliow-brown, snmoth. shining, modeiatelv
clothed Avith short, adpressed yellow hiiiis. I'ltrs cep/ndicii
aiched, sloping backwards towards thoracic fovea, sides
declivous, lateral thoracic grooves distinct ; ocular urea bi'oadei"
than long, black, elevated, arched, fringeil with bristles in
front ; cliipL'iis, yel lowish, somewhat wavv in outline, slo[)ing
hlightly forwai'd. I'arg t/iorarica arched, radial grooves not

STUDIES IX AUSTWALrAN ARANKID.I': KAINFtuW.

24-1

very distinct, po.sterior aiip^'le indented; tlionirir f'lrru deep,
sti-Hig-lit ; iinirijiuiil hmiil naiTow, yellowisli, friiif^fed witli short,
vellowisli hairs.

|\'

Fifi. 50.— C /lo^^i, Rainb., Kyes.

/•>'//''■-'• — 111 t.\vo rows ; viewed from the side flie front low is
slightly i-ecurved in front, and
procurved in the rear line ; I'eai'
row recurved, arranged in paiis
each pair widely separated ; an-
terior median eyes separated from
each other bj- a space equal to
rather more than once their indi-
vidual diameter, and each nearly
touching its lateral neighbour ;
posterior median eyes smallest,

and separated from each other by a space equal to rather moie
than twice the diameter of one of the anterior median eyes ;
lateral eyes of both rows elliptical and seated obliquely ;
lateral eyes of second row all but touch their smaller median
neighbours (fig. 50).

Legs. — Slender, tapering, concoloi-ous with eephalothorax,-
hairy; femur bowed ; ytatellse with long naked stripes on upper
surface ; each tibia has eight spines underneath ; metatarsi i.
and ii. have six spines underneath, and metatarsi iii. and iv.
have seven each ; metatarsi and tarsi i. and ii. are fully sco{)u-
lated, while legs iii. and iv.have their tarsi only fully scopulated ;
supei'ior claws furnished with two rows of seven or eight teeth ;
inferior claw very small and hidden by scopula. Measurements
in millimeters as folloAv : —

Leg.

Coxa.

Trochanter &
Femur.

Patella &
Tibia.

Metatarsus & ^ , ,
Tarsus. ^°''''-

1

3
4

4.4
3.9
3.2
3.7

9

9

7.3

9.6

9.5
7.7
7.2
9.6

8.8 31,7
8.4 29
8.4 26.1
10.2 33.1

I'aljii Short, not strong, concolorous with legs, hairy ;

femur bowed ; patella with two naked stripes on upper surface;
tibia furnished with tAvelve long, strong spines; tarsus scopu-
lated. Measurements in millimeters as follow : — Trochanter
and femur, 7 ; patella and tibia, 6.3 ; tarsus, 3.5 ; total, 16.5.

242

RECORliS OK THK AUiS'l'RAIilAN MrSEUM.

Fiilrp,<. — Stout, dark-bfowii ; ]uin'ecte(l :
sides liairv : u]i])e!' sui'tnce mul Hjiices
clothed witli l)iistles: a bidud, imked men
occurs between tlie l)iistiy upper angle
and llie side; inner nnirle of furrow ot
eacli falx armed witl: nine teeth; outer
ansrle free (fie. 51). mid fringed with long •

I'ed hairs; fani;' li'iiu'. sliining. dark-bi-own

(almost black) to nesir the tip; latter Scheme of ilentition.
portion reddish-brown.

Mii.rilhf. — Yellowisli-broAvn. divei'gent. slightly arched, inner
angle fringed witli long I'ed hairs ; sui'face moderateh- haii'v ;
the base, which cnives round the side of the labium, has a
number of short tooth-like spines.

Lahiinn. — Concolorous ; short, broader than long, arched,
surface sparingly hairy, apex slightly hollowed ; near the
latter there is a procurved row of four toothlike spines ; one
of the latter is wanting in the type, having apparently been
broken off.

Sternum. — Concolorous also ; modex'ately arched, naiTowest
in front, and broadest in the vicinity of the fourth pair of coxfe;
immediately below the labium there is a strongly defined
transverse wavy groove ; distributed over the sui'face there are
a numbei- of black bristles; siijiJln marginal.

AhiliDucn. — Obovate, slight ly overhanging base of cephalo-
thorax, clothed with soft, downy yellow liairs. and having a few
black bristles in front ; upper surface and sides vellow. irregu-
lai'ly nM)ttled with black markings ami spots; underneath,
yellowish-brown, pubescent ; pulmonaiy sacs yellowish, pubes-
cent ; the chitinous plate in fidnt of the ri)iin ppitjK^tris con-
colorous, arched, ])ubesceni, witli a few scattered black bristles;
two sigilla are j)resent.

Sj)i)nn'rrf.<. — Yellow, ])uliescent ; supei'ioi' mammilla^ tapei-ing,
]-atlu^r nioi'e t lian one-third the length of cephalot horax, first
joint longest, the second shortest ; infei'ior mammilla' very
short and close together.

Hub. — North Sydney.

Sri'lUKS IN Al'STUAMAN Al.'ANKII'.l'; KAlNKnW. 'li'.i

(."lIKMSI'iiNIA illKAKI.ri, s/'. imr.

( Fiti's. 52-57.)

One adult male and t liree' ;i(lull females of what appear to
he exani])les of (lu^ ui'iuis ( 'li<-inshiin'i(, hnve recently come to
hand, and till, accoi'dinti' lo notes by Air. A. A. Girault, who
(•(dleoted tlicni, wi're ohlained in foi'est count it, in the Nelson
district, Nortli (^iieenshind, t'rnm nnder log's. In addition to
these there is also a haH'-growii female from forest coinitiT in
the same district. The latter was included in a small collec-
tion of ground-running and ai'l)oreal forms. Doubtless it was
too young to liaA^e a permanent home, and was in the wander-
ing stage.

In the adult specimens before me, there is a sti iking differ-
ence between the sexes in general appearance. In the male
the ceplialothorax is black with hoary hairs, while tbe legs and
abdomen are, more or less of a very dark-brown (almost
black). Again, in the male, the cephalic segment is decidedly
raised, while in the female, the cephalic and thoracic segments
are almost on the same plane. In both sexes there is an ocular
tubercle, but that of the male is much the higher. In his
de6nition of the genus Chenistonia Mr. Hogg says : — " The
front row of eyes is slightly procnrved, the side eyes being
larger than the middle." This is absolutely correct in respect
of the female example of the species for which I pi'opose the
name ( 'lieiiii^toin'u (jirmiltl, but in the male on the other hand,
the front side eyes are no larger than the front median. In
this respect it will ap])arentl3^ be necessajy to ajnend Hogg's
definition of the genus, so as to read: — " Side eyes as lai'ge as
or larger than, the front middle." The generic position of
the male is easily determined by the [jresence of the powerful
single spur, springing from the middle of tibia i.

This s])ecies I have named in honour of the collector, Mr. A.
A. Girault. The description is as folloAvs : —

(^ ()et)halotlioi-ax, y.4 mm. long, 7.8 mm. broad; abdomen,
(^.2 mm. long, 5.1 mm. l)road.

( 'I'jiliahifliiirn.r. — Ovate, black, shining, rather thickly clothed
with hoary pubescence. J'nis ri^jijialirii truncated in front,
moderately elevated, ai'ched, slightly depressed at rear of

244

RECORDS OF THE Al'STTtAMAX MTSEUM.

orulm' tul)ei'cle, slopinjr liiterally hikI again |)osteri(irly
towards thoracic fovea ; cl i/peii.^ broad, somewhat precipitous,
vitreous; ocidnr nren iovn^H a well defined and very distinct
tubercular eminence, wliicli is again sti'ongly arched both
longitudinally and laterally : it is decidedly broader than long,
and has a tuft of erect bristles in front. Furs thoracica broad,
arched, radial grooves distinct, posterior angle indented ;
///(/)•'«'/'■ A"o*'et' deep, straight, or but very slightly procurved ;
imtrqlnal bitinl somewhat concolorous with cly])ens, and fringed
with erect, black bristles.

Eyei^. — In two rows of four
each ; front row procurved,
rear row recurved ; lateral eyea
of both rows nearly touching,
and about equal in size to an-
tei'ior medians ; eyes of anteri-
or row only slightly removed
from each other ; posterioi'
median eyes smallest of the
gi'oup, and almost touching their lateral neighbours (tig. 52).

Fig. 52. — C giiaiM, Rainb., Eyes.

Leqf. — Rather long, moderately
strong, ta|)ering. dark reddish-brown,
almost black, hairy; leg. i. strong-
est ; tibia i. ai'med on underside with
a long, powerful spur sjtringing from
an enlargement at the centi-e ; meta-
tarsus i. excavated on underside for
rather less than one-half its length,
where it suddenly enlarges, and from
whence it tapers towards apex ; with
the exception of the powerful spine
herein described, the limb is not
otherwise armed (fig. 53) ; tibiae ii.,
iii., and iv., lia\e each six spines ;
metatarsi and tarsi i. and ii., scopu-

lated ; metalai'si iii. and iv. heavily and powerfully spined,
but ha ving no true scopulii : tarsi iii. and iv. scopulated ; claws
8 ; superior claws armed with a comb of seven or eight ratliei-
long teeth. Measurements in millinietei's as follow: —

^\^.h7>.—C. gtiauhi, Rainb.. 3
Tihia and metatarsus of leg i.

SITPIKS IN Al'SI'h'AI.IAN AIJANKID.K IvArNFiOW.

245

1

2
3

4

Coxa.

■rroch.uitoi-
anil l-'cimir.

Patella
aiul Tibia.

Mctat.iisus

anil Tarsus, i '"''''■

5

4.2

3.7

4

9.2
S.O

7

10

9.8
9.2
6.4
9.5

9.1

8.2

8.2

11.2

33.1

29.(1
25.3
34.7

Fidpi. — Aluilerately long, similni' in
colour and clothing to legs ; ladial joint
sliort, scopulated; genital bulb rounded and
furnished with a long curved style (fig.
54"). Measurements in millimeters as
follow: — Trochanter and femur, 7.2; pa-
tella and tii)ia, 6.9: radial joint, 2; total,

Falces. — Black, rather long, not very
broad, porrected, arched ; surfaces on the
inner and outer side of each falx have a

,. 1 ^ i- 1 ■ 1 1 Fi&. 54.— C.girau /it.

tew short, hue hairs ; upper angles and Rainb., ^ Palpus.

apices clothed with long hairs or bristles ;

inner ridge of the furrow of each falx armed
with nine strong teeth ; the outer ridge is un-
armed, but there is an intermediate row of five
small teeth at the base (fig. 55) ; outer angle
fringed with long, red hairs ; fang black, long,
well curved.

Luhiiiiit. — Short, slightly broader than long,

dark-brown at base, reddish-brown towards the

Fig. .55.- c. middle ; arched ; apex hollowed and fringed with

gnaulti, Rainb f^ i • ^^i r !■ .1 i i . • 1 ,

Scheme of ■ bristles ; a few ot the latter is also spread over
dentition. the surface.

Sternum. — Elliptical, dark-brown, arched, moderately
clothed with long, fine hairs ; sigilh> very indistinct, rounded,
and marginal.

Abdomen. — Obnvate, arched, slightly overhanging base of
cephalothorax ; u])per surface and sides dark-brown, and
densely clothed with long hairs; ventral surface yellowish-
brown, hairy; pulmonary sacs yellowish.

■J4H

KKC(tKl)S OF THK AnSTHALTAX MUSEUM.

Spimit'rfit-^. — Yellow, liairv ; suiierior iiiainniillfe tapering,
half as long as ce|)lialotli(irax. Hi'st joint loiigest and stoutest,
the second shortest ; inferior inaniniilht? cylindrical, half as
long as joint i. of siipei'ioi' spinners.

5 Cephalothorax, 9 nun. long, 7.5 mm. broad ; abdomen
12.*2 mm. long, 7 mm. broad.

( 'ep/iiiliitliiird.r. — Obovate, moderately arched, yellow-brown,
clothed with short haii's. I'urs rrji/nilim very slightly higher
than the tlujracic segment; nnihir nrpii a slight tubercular
eminence, broader than long, arched transvei'sely and longitu-
dinally, dark-brown : rlypeiir! narrow, somewhat viti'eous,
fringed with ratlier long hairs. ]\irs thoracica rather broad,
posterior angle i)idented, radial grooves not deep, but distinct ;
thorncic fovea moderately deep, straight ; unirginal hanil nari'ow,
slightlv reflexed, fringed with sliort hairs.

Eyes. — In two rows of four
each; front row procurved;
anterior laterals largest; an-
terior median eyes separated
from each other by a space
equal to one-half their in-
dividual diameter; posterior
i"ow recurved, the median
eves of which are the small- fik. .iis — <-'• x'l"?"'''''. Kainb.. 7 Eyes.
est and nearly touch theii- lateral neighbours (tig. oH).

fjei/?. — Long, nu)deratelv strong, tirst pair strongest, yellow-
brown, thickly clothed with long liaii's, and ai'ined with long,
fine, bristle-like spines ; metatai-si juni tarsi scopulated ;
superioJ claws similar to those of the ^, and obscured l)y the
thick tarsal scopula^ Measurements in millimeters as
f(dIow : —

LcK.

4.3

■A. 5
'1.1

Trochanter & I'atcUa & .Mclatarsiis &
Femur. Tibia. I Tarsus.

10
S.3

7.2
9.5

11

8.7
7
10.1

9

7.:<

\:i

34.3

25., S
•2,5.1

STUDIES l\ AI'STKAI.IAN AHANM'! 1 1>.1'. HAINllnW. J4/

I'aljii. — ("oncoldnuis wit li leys, siiiiihi rly clot lied, not s[)ine(l ;
femur bowed; tiu'si scopiila IimI. Mcjismi'inciits iti mi lliiiicter-s
as follow : — 'rroehaiiter iiml ffiniir, i^).>< \ [lalflhi ami liliia, 5.2 ;
tarsus, 3/2 ; total, 14.2.

Fi(lce.<. — CoiK'oIoi'ous also, pori'ccted, densely
haii'v : iiiiuM' lid^'e of tlic furrow of each falx
armed with ten strony' teetli, with an iiitei'iiie-
diate I'ow of six small ones ; outer ridge devoid
of teeth (fii>-. 57) ; outei' angles fringed with
red hairs ; fang long, blatdv, well curved.

Mii.villic. — Coucolorous with falees, arched, •

sparingly hairy ; a i-ather extensive and thick
clnstei' of short toothlike spines at base ; base . Fig.. 57. --C".

1 , , . , ... . iiiiaiilli, Rainb.,9.

curving I'ound labium and terminating in an scheme of

obtuse projection or heel ; inner exti'emity of i-ientition.

apical angle terminating in an obtuse point ; inner angle
fringed with red hairs.

Liihiiiiii. — Short, broader than long, conctdoi'ous with
maxilhe, apex sliglitlv hollowed; up[)er part thickly studded
with shoit tootlilike spines ; apex fringed with black hairs.

Sli'm/iiii. — Short, bi-oad, concolorous with labium, apical
angle slightly hollowed to receive base of li[), sui'face Hat or
but very slightly arched, hairy ; .<iiiilh( round, mai'ginal, vei'v
indistinct.

AhiJiiiiifn. — (Jbovate, yelhnv-brown, slightly overhanging
base of cephalothoiax, densely clothed with long hairs.

Sjiiiiiii^rftii. — Concoloi'ous ; supei'ior nuiinmilire' long, tapei'-
ing, hairy, I'ather more than half the length of cephalothorax.
first and second joints of about equal length, the third
longest; inferioi' mammilhe short, cylindrical, nearlv as long
as joint i. of superior mammilhe.

llnb. — Nelson, neai' Cairns. North (Queensland.

248

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

(jetnm, Kiictiinena,'^* ijcu. nov.

(Fig. 58.)

Tlie o'emis described hereniidei', and fof wbicli I propose the
name VjHctiiin^ini diffei-s j)rinuiiil_v from flog-g's genera, CheuU-
fniiiii and J)el:i(iii(, by tlie powerful til)iMl spur being seated on
tibia ii. instead of tibia i., and sec-ondly by tlie fact of tlie spin-
being ai'Uied witli seveial short, strong, spines instead of one
large one. There are of comse, other points of difference, but
these will suggest themselves to the readei who studies this
branch of natni-al history.

('epJndothora.f. — Obovate, broader than long. l'ai\^ cejiJnilica
moderately elevated, ai-ched. I'lrrs Utontcirn arched, radial
grooves district ; flmriirir fart'ii short, strongly pi'ocurved.

Eijeif. — in two rows of four each ; front row procurved,
rear row recurved : lateral eyes of anterior row are the largest,
iuid the nicdiiin eyes of posterioi- row the smallest.

Fulces. — i'ori'ected, moderately strong, clothed witli long,
coarse bristles; ridges of the furrow of each falx denticulated;
in addition to these two rows there is an intei'nuMliaif one con-
sisting of several small teeth. I<'tni'is long.

/><'(/.-■. — Kather Idiig, taperino-, first two pairs sti'ongest ; all
legs haiiT sind strongly
bespined; tibia ii. liasat its
middle on the underside,
a powei'ful spur, armed
with spines at the ape.x
(fig. 58) ; tarsi i. and ii.
SCO pu la ted. Relative
lengths : 4, 1, 2, 8.

Maxillii'. — Moderately
strong, arched, curving
round Inbiuni, itpiciii ex-
tremity of innei' angle
acuminate, lowei' half of ^ij.. ss.-/-:. //-^'W/n, Rainb., Tibia :nul metatar-

each maxilla thickly siisofie«ii.

studded with short, somewluit gnmuhir spines.

tvKTLfxevos — well built.

STUDIES IN Al'STRALIAX AKAXEID.F. RAlXHuW.

249

Jjiiliiimi. — Sliort, bi'oader tlmn loiifj ; arclied, apex slif^litly
ruuiuled ; surface thickly studded with small jjffaiiular spines.

Sti-nniiii. — Somewhat shield-shaped, rather iiat, biMjadest at
a point between the second nnd third pairs of coxa?; antei'ior
angle dee[)ly excavated to receive Ijmsc of labium ; si';////(( six,
marginal, anteiior pair smallest, posterior paii' largest.

Ahduiii'-ii. — Obovate, arched, liaii'v.

S})i7nifref!<. — Hairy ; sui)erior mammillfe rather long, taper-
ing, third joint longest, second shoj'test ; inferioi- mammillae
very short, cylindi-ical, apices I'ounded off, separated from each
other by a space equal to once their individual transverse
diametei'.

El'Cl'I.MKXA TIUIAMS, S//. //nc.

(Figs. 59, 60.)

(J Cephalot borax, 10. S mm. long, 8.5 mm. broad ; abdomen,
10.5 mm. long, 7.1 mm. bioad.

i 'I'lihnldfliiird.r. — Obovate, dark, shining, mahogany-browji,
smootli, with a few fine hairs scattei'ed over the surface. Far.-i
repliitVtcd moderately raised, aj-ched, slo])ing towards thoracic
fovea, thoi-acic groove distijict ; at the upper extreniitj' of this
groove there is, on each side, a rathei' deep dejti'ession or pit ;
(iriihir iiri'ii broader than long, I'aised, arched, dai'k-brown,
alnn)st black ; ch/jin/s precipitate, deep, vitieous, and furnished
with a few shoi-t, bi'istly hairs at the middle. I'n'rs tliornrlcd
broad, ai'ched, radial grooves moderately dee]), and broadest at
the middle ; tlmrKn'r foren short, strongly procni'ved, deep ;
niiirijiniil hninl nari'ow.

Ei/es. — In two rows of four each: front i-ow procurved, reai-
I'ow recurved ; latei-al eyes of
fi-ont row much the largest of the
series, and separated from eacii
other by a space equal to nearly
three times the diameter of one of _-
the antei'ior median eyes; anterior
median eyes round, and separated
from each otlier by a space equal
to i-ather more than half their
individual diametei' ; posterioi'
latei-al eyes separated from each other by a space equal to

Fig. ,S9,— /r. libiali

250

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN ML'.'SEUM.

I'rtlliei' nioi-e than three times the diameter of one of the an-
tei'ior median eyes ; posterior median eves smallest of the
group (fig. 59).

Let/.s. — Moderately long, tapei'ing, coucolorons with cephalo-
thoi-ax, hairy, strongly bespined ; legs i. and ii. strongest;
patella? i. and ii. have each four sti-ong spines on the underside ;
tibial, is armed on the underside for its entire length, with
long and closely set spines ; there are also a few spines at the
sides ; tibia ii. has about half-a-dozen spines on the underside,
and near the middle a bold and stout projecting spur, the apex
of which is crowned with a cluster of short, stout spines ;
metatarsus i. is closely and thickh' bespined for its entire
length (tig. 5S) ; metatarsus ii. is excavated on tlie undei'side
near the base ; within this excavated portion there are no
spines, but the remainder of tlie joint, on the underside, is
closely and heavily bespided ; tai-si i. and ii. armed laterally
with short, strong spines ; tibiiie and metatarsi iii. and iv. ai-e
each armed on the undei'side with eight rather lung spines;
tarsi iii. and iv. each armed with a few shoi't, strong spines ;
each tarsus is furnished with a light scopnia ; supei'ior claws
long, and ai'med with a sei'ies (about nine) of long teeth at the
base. Measurements in millimeters as follow : —

LeK.

Ti-ochantei- &
^"•^^'- Femur.

Patella ct
Tihia.

10.5
10.2

9.2

11.3

MutatarsLis i<:
Tarsus.

11.3
9.6
9.6

12

r..i.ii.

1
.)

3
4

4.9 10.3
4.1 9.S
3.5 9
3.S 10.3

37
33.7
31.3
37.4

/'''//'/. -C'oncoloroiis with legs, cIoiIhmI with long hairs;
femur bowed, armed at apex with spines; patella and tibia
armed with powei'ful spines; radial joint, slioil, and densely
liaii'Y ; genital bulb peai'-shai)ed ; style long, not twisted,
tapei'ing, flattened ; genital bulb ami style as long .is femur.
MeasMJ'ements in millimetei's as follow: 'rroclianter and
femur, 6.1 ; patella and tibia, (I. (J ; i-adial joint, '2 ; total. It. 7.

STl'nrES IN ATSTRALIAN AKANKIlii: RAIN'lidW. 251

Falceg. — Moderately powerful, concoloi'ous witli ceplialo-
tliorax and legs, porrected ; apices and uppei"

suiface clothed with long, coarse bristles ; s

outer I'idge of the furi-ow of eacli falx armed \

with ten strong teeth, and the inner ridge • ^

with fifteen of varying strengths ; in addition • •

to these there is an intermediate row of six • *

small teeth near the base (fig. 60) ; outer « «

angles fringed with long red hairs ; fangs ^ .••

dark-brown (nearly black), except at tips • •"•

which are reddish ; they are long, and well ^ '. •

curved. • •

Fig- 60. — £'. tibialis,

Mxd'iUiP. — Reddish - brown, divergent, Rainb., scheme of

11 1 ii 111 -11 1- dentition.

arched, moderately clothed with long hairs,
apical extremity of inner angle acuminate ; lower half of each
maxilla tliickly studded with short spines, imparting to the
surface a decidedly granulated appearance; inner angles fringed
with long red hairs.

Labi 11)11. — Coucolorous, short, broader than long, arched,
surface thickly studded with short spines similar to those on
maxillfe; apex and sides slightly rounded, and fringed with a
few bristly liaii'S ; the base distinctly rounded.

Sternum. — Concolorous also ; shield-shaped, broadest at a
point between second and third pairs of coxae ; surface somewhat
flattened, and moderately clothed with long, bristly hairs ;
anterior angle deeply excavated to i-eceive base of labium ;
siyilla six, marginal ; anterior pair small, and posterior pair
large.

Abdoinen. — Dark-bi-own, obovate, slightly overhanging base
of cephalothorax ; hair3' ; a few stiff spine-like bristles in
front.

Spinnerets. — Superior mammillge nearly half the length of
cephalothorax.

Hab. — Turramnrra (obtained from under a log) and Mos-
man, North Sydney.

252

RECORDS OF THE ATSTRALIAX MUSEim.

a, -0111^ ATRACE^.

Genus Hadronyche, L. Koch.

Hadronyche cerberea, L. Koch.

Two specimens of this species are included in the Museum
Collection, and are labelled Sydney, which is the type locality.
Both are females. There is no date or any other information
appended to them, but they have been in the collection to my
knowledge, more than twenty years. Both specimens agree
with Koch's general description, and one of them to the meas-
urements given bj' that authoi". The other, however, is consid-
erably larger, and I therefore a[)pend the following measure-
ments as a guide to students. They are, as usual, given in
millimeters : —

9 Cephalothorax, 16.5 mm. long, 13.8 mm. broad ; abdomen,
18.3 mm. long, 14.6 mm. bi'nad.

Leg.

.-, ^ Trochanter & Patella &
'-"'"*• Femur. Tibia.

Metatarsus &
Tarsus.

Total.

1
•>

?>
4

7.2 15.2 13.8

6.7 14.3 13
6.5 12.3 10

6.8 13.6 14.3

11.7
11.1
10.6
I 4. 'J

47.91
45.1
29.4
4S.!-)

Falpi. — Trochanter and femur, 11 mm.; patella, and lil)ia,
7.1 mm. ; tarsus, 5.5 mm. ; total, 23.6 mm.

Ohs. — Mr. H. R. Hogg, M.A., has described a form^- which
he thinks will, in all probability, prove tcj be a male oF tliis
species. His sj)ecimen came fi'oiu Macedon, N'irtoria.

Geiuiii Atrax, (K F. Cmulir.

Hogg gives the following svnopsisof the pi'eviously recoi'iied
species of this genus: A. nihiistiis, O. P. Cambr., and J.
modeittK, Simon, and to these I now add that of .1. rermda and
/A. f(u-)iii<h(Jiilis which 1 describe ludow : —

»2 Hogg — Proc. Zool. Soc, 1901, pp. 274-276, figs, a, b, c.

STl'DIKS I\ AISTIIAMAX AKAXEIH.T. RAIM'.OW. 253

Front middle eyes nioi'e than tlieii- individual diameter apart,
and distinctly less in their diameter than sidee3'esof same
row ; patellae of two I'ear paii's furnished witii one or two

spines ; all four pairs of tiba? bespined

, I . rnhitsl iit<, ("a III 1)1-.

Front middle eyes less tliau tlieir individual diameter apart,
and about the same in diameter as the front side eyes ;
patella? of third pair furnished witli numerous spines,
fourth j)air lUMie ; and the t'i'ont four tibiiii without any...

-1. iii(idest((, Simon.

Front mi(hlle eyes once their individual diameter apart, and
distinctly less than the diameter of front side eyes ;
patelli^ of third pair fuj'nished with five spines ; all four
tibia? bespined A. rersiifa, Mihi.

Front middle eyes one-half their individual diaineter apart, and
distinctly larger tlian their lateral neighbours ; all patellae
bespined ; tibife i., ii. and iii. heavily bespined — i. and ii.
especially so; tibia iv. also bespined, but less strongly so...

/ A. fnniiidaljili,'^, Mihi.

AtRAX VERSUTA, !<)). IIOV.

(Figs. 61, 62.)

2 Cephalothorax 8.5 mm. long, 7 mm. broad ; abdomen, 13
mm long, 8.7 mm. bi'oad.

Cephalotliora.v. — Smooth, shining, mahogany-brown, a few
very short, fine hairs scattered over the surface. Purs cepJtulica
raised, strongly arched, deeply compressed laterally near lower
extremity, sloping towards thoracic fovea ; ocular areu broader
than long, slightly elevated, and gently arched ; rjypens sloping,
finely wrinkled, indented at middle, of a vitreous-greyish tint,
and furnished with a tuft of black bristles immediately below
the eyes. Pars tlioracica arched, radial gi-ooves forming bi'oad,
shallow indentations, posterior angle deeply indented at mid-
dle ; thoracic fovea deep, procurved ; marginal hand broad,
yellow, sparingly fringed witli long, yellowish haii's.

254

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Eyes. — lu two rows of four each ; front row veiy sliglitly

el

■C)

Fig. 61.— -4. versiila, Rainb., Eyes.

recurved ; median anterior
eyes rounded, and separated
from each other by a space
equal to once their individual
diameter ; lateral eyes of
both rows seated obliquely
and elliptical in form; medi-
an eyes of posterior row
separated from each other by

a space equal to two-and-a-half times the diameter of one of
the anterior median eyes ; posterior row strongly recurved
(Kg. 61)

Legs. — Concolorous with eephalothorax, hairy, not strong,
of median length ; femur i. bowed ; patella iii. has five spines ;
all tibiae armed with three spines, metatarsi with eight, and
tarsi with ten. Measurements in millimeters as follows: —

Leg.

^ Trochanter A ; Patella &

1 heniur. 1 loui.

.Metatarsus &
Tarsus.

Total.

1
2
3

4

4 7
;15 6.7
3.2 (i
3.5 7,3

7.2

6.7
.S.3

7.2

6.4

6.1

5 S
7.2

24.6
23
20.3
2-1.2

Palpi. — Concoloi'ons with legs, siiiiilai' in clotliiiig, not
strong ; femur bowed ; tibia I'lirnished with Hve long, strong
spines, and tarsus with ten.

Fiilces. — Porrected, chocolate-brown, upj»er g.

surface transversely wrinkled, clothed with ^

long bail's; inner facies pilose; outer angle • • *

of each falx armed with eleven strong teeth, •'',' *

and the inner with nine ; in the groove be- * * t •

tween these two I'ows there are a large num- • *. •

bar of very small teeth (fig. f>2) ; fang black * : •

with exception of base which is chocolate- ••*. •

brown. * •

Ma.vill(V. — -Yellow- brown, arc lied, divorgent,
not strong, the suifju'e hairy, bases curving

I- in. fi'i. — -4. vfrsiila,

Kainb., Scheme of

dentition.

STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ARANEID.f: RAINBOW. 255

round lahiuni, aiul tei-ininat injif in a heel; apical inner ex-
tremity obtusely pointed ; for jatlier more than half the upper
surface each maxilla is studded wifli small, erect, toothlike
spines, imparting a decidedly granulated appearance ; these
spines are mucli more numerous near the base; inner angles
fringed with long red hairs.

Lahiuj)). — Concolorous, slightly longer than broad, arched,
moderately hairy ; upper half densely spined, imparting to
that portion of tlie lip the same granulated appearance as
noted in respect of the maxillfe.

Stermoii. — Concolorous. also, sparingly clothed, with long
hairs, slightly arched, narrowest in front where it is profoundly
indented to receive base of lip ; it is widest at a point between
coxfe iii. and "iv. ; sigilla six, large, marginal; posterior pair
largest.

Abdoineii. — Obovate, overhanging base of cephalothorax,
dark-brown, hairy ; pulmonary sacs and chitinous plate in front
of riiiia e^iigasteris concolorous with sternum ; the pla.tehas also
two large sigilla.

tS}nnnerets. — Yellowy short; i^uperior mammillae stout, taper-
ing ; basal joint longest and stoutest ; second very slightly
longer than third ; inferior mammillfe short, and separated
from each other by a space equal to about once their individual
transverse diameter.

Hab. — Jenolan, New South Wales.

PAtrax fokmidabilis, s}). nov.
(Figs. 63-66.)

<J Cephalotliorax 11.5 mm. long, 9.6 mm. broad ; abdomen,
10.5 mm. long, 7.3 mm. broad.

Cephalot](ora,v. — Obovate, arched, shining, rich dark-brown,
smooth. Pars cephalica moderately raised, strongly arched,
sides compressed, sloping backwards to thoracic fovea, a few
fine setae distributed over the surface ; ocular area a moderately
raised tubercular eminence, much broader than long, almost
black, arched laterally and longitudinally, and furnished in
front with a few bristles ; rlijpeits deep, precipitous, yellowish.
Pars thoracica broad, arched ; radial grooves broad, distinct ;
thoracic fovea diee\>, broad, procurved ; manjlnal havd reflexed,
thinly fringed with moderately long hairs.

256

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Go oO
OOOO

Fig. B'S.— ' A. furmidabiln, Rainb.,
Eyes.

Ei/es. — In two I'ows of four each ;
anterior row faintly procurved,
rear row recurved ; anterior me-
dians largest of the group and
separated from each other by
about one-half their individual
diameter, and each again from its
front lateral neighbour by a space
scarcely equal to that; front and rear laterals seated ()l)liqueh' ;
posterior medians smallest of the group (fig. 63).

Legs. — Concolorous with cephalothorax, long, tapering, first
and second pairs strongest and heavily bespined ; the spines
are longest, strongest and most numerous on tibife and meta-
tarsi i. and ii. (figs. 6-4, 65) ; tibia and metarsus ii. are each
stronglj' produced towai-ds the middle on the underside (fig.
65) ; the spines are less numerous and less strong on leg iv. ;
each tarsus is closely spined laterally ; no true scopula present;
superior claws long, armed with a curved row of thirteen or
fourteen teeth, of which those at the centre are the longest.
Measurements in millimeters as follow: —

Leg.

Coxa.

Trochanter &
Femur.

Patella &
Tibia.

Metatarsus &
Tarsus.

Total.

1
o

3

4

5.5

5

4.6

5

12
11.2
10
Il.R

11.8
11.2
10
13.3

12.2
12.2
11.8
13.2

41.5
39.6
36.4
43.1

FiM- B4. — /° .4 . foriii idabilts,
Kainb., Tibia and
metatarsus, le^ i.

Fig. (iS.— "'-I. /oi inidabilis,

Rainb., Tibia and metatarsus,

leg ii.

STUDIES IN ArSTRAMAN" AIJAN'KIM.K IJAIXHOW. 257

Palpi. — Rather sliort, coiicoloi'ous witli legs, liaiiy, femur
bowed, broadest at apex, wliere it is armed vvitli tliree strong,
moderate!}^ long spines, and tliree short, weak ones ; patella
broadest at apex also, where it is armed Avith two strong,
moderately long spines, and two short, weak ones ; tibia armed
on its upper surface with four short, stout spines, on tlie inner
angle witli eight long, strong spines, and at the apex with
several short ones ; radial joint short, densely hairy ; genital
bulb pear-shaped, broadly cleft at apex ; style rather broad,
long, twisted, terminal extremity flattened like a spatula.

Falces. — Coucolorous with cephalothorax,

moderately long, porrected, powerful ; ujjper |

surface from base to apex, densely hairy ; • ^ ^

sides smooth, but having a narrow row or line • •

of seta? running down the middle ; in addition • .' •

to these latter there are, towards the lower \'- m

angle, a quantity of very short, scattered •'• •

setfe ; inner ridge of the furrow of each falx 9\\

armed with ten strong teeth, and the outer * *
ridffe with thirteen ; the latter not quite so F'S. 66— .?^./o;-,«?-.

" . ^ daoiits, Rainb.,

strong as the former; there is also a some- Scheme of dentition,
what sinuous and irregular intermediate row
consisting of fourteen small teeth (fig. &Q) ; outer angles fringed
with red hairs ; faii^s long, well curved, nearly black.

Ma.riJI(e. — Reddish-brown, divergent, arched, inner angles
acuminate, surface moderately hairy ; at the base of each
maxilla there are a lai-ge number of very small toothlike spines,
which latter impart a granulated appearance at that point ;
base curving gently n)und the labium, and terminating with a
somewhat heel-like projection ; inner angles fringed with long,
red hairs.

Labium. — Coucolorous, arched, short, broad, rounded at apex,
thickly studded with short, toothlike spines, similar to those
on maxillge ; apex, sides, and base thinly clothed with rather
long hairs.

Sfenium. — Coucolorous also; rather flat, narrowest in front,
where it is deeply excavated to receive base of labium, broadest
at a point between third and fourth pairs of coxse, base rounded
off ; surface moderately clothed with black bristles ; sigilla
large, sub-marginal, posterior pair largest.

258 RECOKDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN :MrSEUJI.

Abdomen. — Obovate, dark-brown, clothed witli long haii'S ;
plates of pulmonary sacs larg-e, yellowish-brown ; the large
chitinous plate in front of I'i lua epii/usteris je\\owi^h-hvovfnR]so,
hair}", and having two large, lateral depressions.

Spinnerets. — Yellow, hairy; superior mammillfe, less than
half the length of cephalothorax ; third joint longest, second
shortest ; inferior mammilla? short, and close together.

Obs. — It may be necessary, hereafter, to erect a new genus
for the reception of A. foniildabilis, but as up to the j)resent
time males of previously described species of the genus Atrax
are unknown, I hesitate to do so at this juncture.

Hab. — Richmond River, New South Wales.

Groxp PSEUDATRACE^.

The species hereunder described is a very interesting form.
It was collected by Mr. S. J. U. Moreau, when stationed at An-
tonio in charge of the public school there. This gentleman was
successful in obtaining two specimens, both females — one
mature, and the other about half-grown. These specimens
have lain in our collection for some time, awaiting an opportu-
nity of being worked out. Whilst engaged upon the study of
this material my attention was called to another example, col-
lected by Mr. John Braziei", near Xarrabeen. This was also an
adult female, and although decidedly bleached, was otherwise in
good order. The specimens collected by Mr. Moreau were
presented b}^ liim to the Trustees.

For the reception of this species, which I name Fseudatncv
moreaui, it appears necessary to found not only a new genus,
but also another group or section, to which I give the name
Pseudatracepe. Furthermore, just as I was concluding the
present paper, another Territelarian came to hand, and for its
reception another group or section is also required, as also an-
othergenus. For the former 1 proposethe namePoikilomorphite,
and for the latter, Foikilonioqdiiii. Hogg-*-' has given a table
in elucidation of the groups as they were known, at the date of
its publication, to occur in Australia and New Zealand. They

33 Hogg— Proc. Zool. Soc, 1901, p. 250.

STUDIES IN AI'STHAI.IAX AKANKIH.* RAINROW. 259

were four in iinmber, namely: — Hexat Iielefe, Bi'Hcliytlielese,
Macrotlieleff*, and Atracea^, and to these are now added tlie two
herein referred to. liehiw, 1 give a key which will, I hope, be
of assistance to students. Hexathelea? belontjiiio', appai-enth",
exclusively to New Zealand, is not included. The key is as
follows- -

A — No teeth on outer margin of falx slieath ; tai si nnbespined ;
first two pairs scopulated ; metatarsi of same especially
so ; front row of eyes straight in Jlracliijf/iele, Auss.,
otherwise procurved, rear row recurved ; sternal sigilla
moderately large and marginal ; superior mammilljie
usually not exceeding half the length of cephalothorax ;
inferior mammillae close together JlrKcIn/flirhvp.

B — No teeth on outer mai'gin of falx-sheath ; tarsi (except in
Porrhothele. Sim., New Zealand) bespined, no scopulje
present; front row of ej'es straight or vei'y slightly pro-
curved (Pnrrhothele, Sim.J or distinctly procui-ved (titein/-
j7rocer».'', Sim.), rear row i-ecurved ; sternal sigilla moder-
atel}^ large and mai-ginal ; superior mammillfe at least not
much shorter than length of cephalothorax, infei'ior
mammillae widely separated, about four times their
transverse diameter apart Macrothelerp.

C — Both margins of falx-sheath armed with teeth, together
with an intermediate row at base ; tarsi bespined, no true
scopulse present; front row of eyes slightly procurved
(Atrax., L. Koch) or straight (Hadroinjche, L. Koch), rear
row recurved ; sternal sigilla large, not marginal ; superior
mammillae shoi't scarcely exceeding two-fifths the length

of cephalothorax, inferior mammillas close together

Atyiii'eo'.

D — Both margins of falx-sheath armed with teeth, together
with an intermediate double row running almost the entire
length; tarsi bespined, no true scopulre present; front
row of eyes straight on its front line when viewed from
side, and recurved on its rear line when viewed from the
same angle, rear row recurved ; sternal sigilla large and
sub-marginal ; superior niammilhe one-half the length of

cephalothorax; inferior mammilias close together

Tseudatraceci?.

260

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN xMCSEDM.

E — Both margins of falx-sbeatb armed witli teetli, tliere is also
an intermediate row running almost the entire length ;
tarsi bespined; no scopulfe present; front row of eyes pro-
curved, rear row very slightly recurved, front median eyes
smallest; two front pairs of sternal sigilla small and mar-
ginal, posterior pair large and sub-marginal ; superior
mammillae one-half length of cephalothorax ; inferior
mammillfe close together Foiliiloiuorpliiiv.

(jejius Pseudatrax, ge)i. noc.

(Fig. (;7.)

t'eplialotliora.i'. — Longer than broad. Pees eephalica some-
what as in Mlssiile)ia, Walck. ; posterior portion compressed
laterally; truncated in front; chjpetis deep; ocular area broader
than long. Fttrs tliorucica very gently arched ; thoracic fovea
deep, strongly procurved.

Falces. — Large, massive, hair}- ; margins of furrow of each
falx ai"med with strong teeth ; in addition to these two rows,
there is an intermediate double row which extends from the
base to near the apex. No rasteUum.

Eyes. — Disposed in
two rows consisting of
four each, and poised
on a slightly raised
tubercular eminence ;
anterior row straight
in front when viewed
from side, and recurved
in the rear line when
viewed from the same pj^ ^7 _/p. ,„oreaui. painb.. Eyes,

angle ; lear row re-
curved ; inner rear eyes smallest of the group (tig. 67).

Lej/s. — Not long, strong, hairy, bespined ; metatarsi and
tarsi especially so; no true scopulfe; ungual tufts extending
beyond claws, of which latter theie are three ; superior claws
strongly denticulated. Relative lengths : 1, 2 ^ 4, 3.

ralpi. — Not long, similar in clothing and ai-mature to legs.

STDI'IES IN AUSTRALIAN ARANBID.1': RAINBOW. 261

MaxilJiV. — Ratlier short, divergent, arclied, iimer anpcles
fringed ; surface tliickly Btudded with Bniall, erect, conical
spines, and clothed (though not thickly) with lung liaii-s.

Labi Kill. — Free, longer than broad, rounded at base and apex,
arched ti'ansversely and longitudinally ; the surface thickly
studded with small, erect, conical spines, and furnished with a
few long hairs.

ISteniiiiii Moderately arched at sides, anterior angle deeply

excavated to receive base of lip ; six large sub-marginal sigilla.

Abdomen Moderately hairy.

Spinners. — Four. Inferior mammillse short, separated from
each other by a space equal to about once their individual
transverse diameter ; superior mammillfe half the length of
cephalothorax, three-jointed; first joint longest and stoutest;
second joint shortest; third joint tapering, conical.

PSELTIATKAX MOREAUr^-* Sj). UOV.

(Figs. 68-70.)

9 Cephalothorax, 10.8 mm. long, 10 mm. broad ; abdomen,
14.6 mm. long, 10.5 mm. broad.

L'epldotJiorax. — Longer than broad, surface smooth and
shining, of a polished mahogany-brown colour, and having a
few short tine hairs sparingly distributed. Fars i:eph(dij'ii
high, strongly arched; posterior region compressed laterally ;
clijpeus pale, sloping, deep, sinuous, fui-nished with a cluster of
long and stout bristles below and in front of eyes ; ocular area
broader than long, distinctly raised, arched. P(/r,s- thonirira
broad, moderately arched, radial grooves deeply and broadly
depressed, lateral angles sinuous, posterior angle deeply exca-
vated ; fhordcic foveii (\ee\), Hivoiig\y recurved; martjinaJ baml
broad, pale, thinlj' fringed with rather short bristles.

Eyes. — Poised upon a slightly raised, ai'ched, tubercular
eminence, aud distributed in two i-ows of four each ; anterior
row when viewed from the side has its front line sti'aight, and
its rear line recurved ; posterior row recurved ; median eyes

3* In honour of Mr. S. J. U. Moreau.

262

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

of front row separated from each otlier b}^ a space equal to
once their individual diameter, and are each ratlier smaller
than the oblong diameter of its anterior neighbour; lateral
eyes of posterior row separated from each other by a space
equal to fully five times the diameter of one of the front
median eyes ; the oblong diameter of each of these eyes is
considei'ably smaller than the oblong diameter of its anterior
lateral neighbour; lateral eyes of each row quite close to their
inner neighbours ; inner eyes of posterior row smallest of the
group.

Legs. — Rather short, strong, concolorous with cephalothorax,
clothed with long coarse hairs or bristles ; femur of leg i.
slightly bowed; femoi'a of all legs free from spines; tibia i.
has three spines in a row (one behind the other), and two on
apical angle, all of which are on the underside ; tibia ii. has
one spine on the underside about one-third its length from base,
and one on the apical angle ; tibia iii. has three spines on its
outer angle, and two on underside of apical angle ; tibia iv. is
free from spines; metatarsi have each eight spines distributed
in pairs ; the tarsi also have each eight spines distributed in
pairs ; no true scopulffi present; ungual tufts extending beyond
claws, of which latter there are three ; superior claws have
each a row of seven long, strong teeth. Measurements in milli-
meters as follow: —

Leg.

Coxa.

Trochanter
and Femur.

Patella
and Tibia.

.Metatarsus
and Tarsus.

Total.

1
2
3
4

4.6
4.6
4
4.1

9.4
9.2
8
8

8.8
8.3
7
9

7

7

6.4

7.2

30
29.1
25.4
29.1

PiiJpi. Concolorous with legs, short, clothed with long

hairs ; femur l)o\ved, tibia armed with a long spine on inner
angle, and again with one on the outer, while at the apical
angle tliere are three ; tarsi armed with four spines mi tlie
inner angle, and four on the outer; terminal i-law obscured by
ungual tuft. Measurements as follow : — 'rincluinter and femur,
6.5 mm. ; patellii and tibia, 5.1 mm. ; tarsus, ;i.5 iniri. ; total,
15.1 mill.

STDDIES IN AUSTRALIAN ARANEir",?)— -RAINHOW.

263

• • •

••••

FiH- 68.— /*. woreaui,

Hainb., Scheme

of dentition.

Fig. 69.— /". 'iiinraui, Rainb., Maxilhe
and labium.

Ftdci'!^. — Dark-browii, iicarly black, .sh-ontc,
porreeted, curving' dowiiwards, arched, cli)t lied
Avitli loiifj hairs or bj'istles ; inner and outer
angles fringed with long, reddish haii'S ;
angles of the furrow of each falx armed with
a series of nine strong, coniform teeth ; be-
tween these two rows there is in addition, a
series of smaller teetli, and this series ex-
tends fi'oni the base to the aj)ex (fig. 68) ;
fioigs black, and shining.

Ma.fill(i'. — Rather short,
but strong, reddish-brown,
arched, the surface studded
with numerous short, coni-
form S|)ines, which latter are
most thickly clustered near
the base; the surface is also
rather thickly clothed with
long haii-s, while the inner
angle of each maxilla is
tliickly fringed with red haiis (fig. 69).

Labi li 111. — Rather longei' than broad, free, concolorous with
maxillae, rounded at base and apex, arched both longitudinally
and transversely, and for about two-thirds of its length from
apex densely studded witli small conifoi-m spines.

Sternum. — Concolorous also, nai'i'owest in
front where it is deeply excavated to receive
the lip; middle i-ather flat; sides, anterior
and postei'ior angles soniewliat curved and
sloping ; sigilla large, sub-nsarginal ; |)Oster-
ior ])air largest and deepest; anterior {)air
less distinct; surface clothed with black
bri8t,les ; lateral and posterior any-les fi^ingfed v\f..'iQ.—P.inoream,

' .... ' ^_. " Hainb., sternum.

With yellowish liairs (ng. 70).

Ahdomen. — Obovate, dark-brown, nearly black both above
and laterally', strongly arched, moderately liair}- ; underside
concolorous except for the chitinous plate above the rima
epigasteris, and the plates of the pulmonary sacs, which are
yellow ; the chitinous plate in front of the ritmi epigasteris has
two large and deep sigilla — one on either side.

264 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

SpiiDierefs. — Yellusvisb, liairy.

Hall. — Antonio, near R^'dal, and Narrabeen, New South
Wales.

(h-<H,p POIKILOMORPHI^.

Tlie species, for the reception of wliich I pi-opose, as ah-eady
intimated, a new group or section and a new genus, diifers
from all known genera of the sub-family Diplurinfe, by the
relative size of its eyes. The feature is certainly unique.
Usually, the median eyes of the rear I'ow are the smallest, but
in the form described underneath they are slightly the largest ;
again, the front medium pair, which are invai'iably large —
sometimes even the largest — are in this instance not only small,
but minute. Other generic features of importance are noted
in the description given below.

Getnis Poikilomorphia,^^ geu. iiov.

Cejjhaluthoni.i'. — Broader than long, arched, truncated in
front. Fart; cephalica moderatelj' raised, sloping rearward to
thoracic fovea; ocular area much broader than long, with front
row of eyes touching edge of clypeus. Pars thoracica broad,
arched, radial grooves distinct; thoracic fovea deep, broad,
procurved.

Ei/es. — In two rows of four each ; front row procurved,
rear i-ecurved ; front median eyes veiy small, I'ear median eyes
large (fig. 71).

Lei/i:. — Moderately long and strong, tapei'ing ; front pair
strongest, haiiy ; all legs bespined ; claws thi'ee ; sujierior
claws long. Relative lengths: — 4, 1, '2, 3.

Palpi. — Moderately long, similar in coloui" and armature to
legs.

Falcex. — Long, pori-ected, clothed with long bi'istles. Ridges
of the furrow of each falx denticulated, and between these an
intermediate row of small teeth.

TroiKlXonop4>La, variety of form (in reference to the eyes).

STUDIES IN AUSTIJAFJAN AKANKIH.I': KAIN'HOW. 2B5

Maxilla'. — Powerful, divergent ; iiiiiei- aiififle of apices
acuminate; closely studded with toothlike spines.

Lahinvi. — Short, broad, nearly square, apex slig'lit ly indented,
surface thickly studded with toothlike spines.

Steruinii. — Somewhat shield-shaped, deeplj'^ excavated in
front to receive base of labium ; si(jill(( six ; two front pairs
small and marginal ; posterior pair large and sub-marginal.

Abdoiiie)!. — Obovate.

Spinnerets. — Superioi' pair tapei-ing, lliii'd joint longest,
second shortest; inferior pair small and close together.

POIKILOMORPHIA MONTANA, Sp. HOV.

(Figs. 71, 7--'.)

9 Cephalothorax, 11.2 mm. long, S.Q mm. broad ; abdomen,
13.5 mm. long, 9.8 mm. broad.

CephdJothitrax. — Obovate, truncated in front, smooth, shining,
reddish-brown, arched, sparsely clothed with fine hairs. Furs
cepjialica slightly raised, arched, compressed at sides, slightly
depressed behind ocular tubercle, and slo])ing backward to
thoi-acic fovea; ocidar area consists of a slightly raised tubercle,
which is broader than long, nearly black at centre, arched
both laterally and longitudinally ; cJypeits deep, vertical, and
furnished with a tuft of bristles at the middle. F((rs ilioracira
arched, radial grooves distinct and broad, posterior angle in-
dented at middle ; thoracic fovea deep, broad, procurved ; Diar-
(jimtJ hmid not broad, reflexed.

Ei/es. — In two rows of four each ; front row procurved, rear
row recurved ; lateral eyes

of front row elliptical, and C\r\ /^V^

separated from each otliei- /^^ L-^

by a space equal to about Vj O O ^J

three times their individual
longitudinal diamter ; an-
terior intermediate eyes
smallest of the entire series, ""'''■ '"■'''■ """""""' '^^•"'^- ^^'^^-
round, and widely separated from each other; rear lateral e3'es
elliptical, rather smaller than their anterior latei'al neighbours;

266

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

intermediate eyes of posterior row elliptical also, large, and
touching tlieir lateral neighbours ; front latei'al eyes and rear
intermediate eyes about equal in size (tig. 71).

Legs. — Moderately long, strong, tapering, concolorous with
ceiihnlotliora.r, first pair somewhat the strongest, clothed with
long hairs ; femur i. moderately bowed ; patella i. has one
short apical spine on its inner angle ; patellae ii. ajid iii. are
each armed with two spines on inner angle, while patella iv.
has none ; tibia i. has four spines, tibiae ii. and iii. have seven,
and tibia iv. four spines ; metatarsi i. and ii. are armed with
ten powerful spines, metatarsus iii. with sixteen, and metatarsus
iv. with twelve or fourteen ; each tarsus has ten strong spines;
there is no scopula ; superior claws long and armed with ten
teeth. Measurements in millimetei's as follow: —

Leu.

Coxa.

Trochanter &
Femur.

Patella &
Tibia.

Metatarsus &
Tarsus.

Total.

1
2

3
4

5

4.5
4.3
4.3

10.1
9.7
9.1

10.3

9.3

8.6
7.6
10

9.3

8.6

8.6

10.6

33.7
31.4

29.6
35.2

Paljil. — Modei'ately long, similar in colour and clothing to
legs ; femur bowed ; tibia armed with six spines, of which the
apical three are the strongest; tarsus armed with twelve
spines; claw, long. Measurements in millimeters as follow: —
Trochanter and femur, 7.3 ; patella and tibia, 5.4 ; tarsus,
4.2 ; total, 16.9.

Falcei^. — Long, powerful, porrected, concoloi-ous with cepha-
lothorax ; upper surface and apices clothed ^

with long, coarse bristles ; outer sides smooth,
but having a few short, fine hairs distributed
over the surface ; inner surfaces clothed with
short, fine hairs ; outer ridge of the furrow of
each falx armed with a row of Ihirteen teeth, • •. ',

of which the apical four are tlie largest and *,'..*•

strongest; inner ridge with a row of fifteen •\\ *,

teeth ; between these denticulated ridges *

there is an intermediate row of eighteen pj^. 7>.—/'. wow/awrt,
minute teeth, and of these latter the basal Rainb.. scheme of

. . f> M -» • dentition.

eight are ari-anged in jiairs (fig. 72) ; inner

angles fi'inged with long red hairs; fiou/it long, black, and well

CUI\ f(l.

STtTPIKS I\ AUSTKAt.IAN AlUNKID.t: KAINHOVV. 2<^)7

Mii.iilhr. — C^)n{'ol()r(His with cfpliti lot lioisix, (livcr'^'eiit, ciirv-
iii<j found lip at base, ciotlit'd vvitli loii^ coarse liaiis, closely
studded at base with slioit, tt)othlike spines ; inner ang'les
fringed with red hairs.

Jjiiln'inii. — Concolorons also, rather longer than broad, a])ex
hollowed, sides slightly curved, base rounded ; surface closely
studded with short, toothlike spines, apex fringed with long
bristles ; there are also a few long bi'istles at the sides and
base.

Stern Hill. — Shield-shaped, arched, yellow-brown, widest at a
point between second and third pairs of coxa ; anterior angle
hollowed to receive base of labium, a number of long, black
bristles distributed over the surface; xlijilln, six; first and
seccmd pairs small, marginal ; third pair much the largest,
elliptical in shape, and sub-marginal.

AJ'i^'iiiif'ii. — Obovate, slightly overhanging base of cejdialo-
thorax, hair}' ; superioj- surface and sides dark chocolate-
brown ; ventral surface clotlied with long hairs, and of a light
yellowish colour.

Spiiiiieretn. — Yellow, hairy ; superior mammillae one-half
length of cephalothorax, tapering, third joint longest, second
shortest ; inferior manimillse very short, cylindrical, equal in
leiigtli to second joint of superior spinnerets, and separated
from each other by a space equal to once their own individual
transverse diameter.

Hah. — Jamieson Valley, Wentworth Falls, Blue Mountains,
New South Wales.

SUPPLEMENT

Snh-famihj ACTINOPIDINAE.

Geinis Missulena, Wnlclr.

During the passage of the present paper through the press,
Mr. H. H. Burton Bradley, Crown Trustee, and President of
the Board of Trustees of the Australian Museum, presented
to this institution an interesting specimen of the genus
Missvleini, Walck., and this proves to be a decided novelty, and

268 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

distinct fi-om any of its congeners. My friend, Di-. R. Piilleine,
of Adelaide, being in Sydney on a visit, I sliowed it to liim, and
his conclusion coincided with mine. Dr. Pnlleine lias collected
more Australian Aviciilaridae than anyone else, and certainh'
possesses the largest and best collection of our native trap-
door spidej's that has ever been brought together, so that liis
advice and support upon questions in respect of species of tliis
family is of decided value.

The studei^.t upon perusing the description given below,
together with the accoinpanying fignres, will readily detect the
points wherein this beautiful and strikingly mai'ked spider
differs from species pi'evionsly described and known.

Mr. H. H. Burton Bradlej' was the first Australian natural-
ist to study our endemic Araneidae, and I have therefore much
pleasure in dedicating the species under discussion in liis
honoui'.

MiSSULENA BRADLEYI, sj). iiuo.
(Figs. 78-75.)

^ Ce{)halotliorax (5. '2 mm. long, 6.7 mm. bi'oad ; abdomen,
6.2 mm. long, 5 mm. broad.

CepJialotlionix. — Black, shining, broader than long. I'ur.-^
cepJtalica high, very strongly arched, apex and sides closely and
finel}' wrinkled, smootli at base, truncated in front; ocnlur (iren
normal ; clijpeas sloping inwards. Pars thoracica rough, radial
grooves indistinct ; thordcic fovea deep and strongly procurved ;
from the centre of the latter a deep, straight, longitudinal
groove extends to near the posterior angle ; maiu/iitaJ baml re-
flexed, rough.

Eijex. — Eight; in two rows of four each, of which the front
is procurved, and the reai" recui-ved ; front middle eyes laige,
round, of -a pearl-grey lustre,

and sepa.j-ated from each other ^ ^

by a space equal to about once O O ^

their individual diameter; front ^^^n3_^ '—- ~~^L^^

lateral eyes elliptical and wide-

1 1 !• T_ .1 Kin. 73.— .1/. '^""/"•i /, Hainb. Eyes.

ly renu)ved from each othei" ;

inner eyes of i-ear rows smallest of the group and exceedingly
brilliant (like diamonds) ; outer rear eyes somewhat larger
than their inner neighbours and elliptical (fig. 73).

STUDIES IN AUSTKAl.lAN AKANKIIt.'K Ix'AlM'.OW,

209

Lej/.s". — Sliiiiiiiij, stroiify, black, peail-^i-ey at joiiifs ; femur
of leof i. sliylitly bowed and furnished wifli a few slioii, scat-
tered liairs ; patella i. lias tlie inner an<ifle tliickly beset with
with short, stron<y spines; tibiae i. and ii. have eacdi a jiuniber
of long coai'se haii's or bristles, and on the underside a. number
of long, spinelike l)i-istles; femoi-a i.,ii. and iii. are each sparingly
clothed with short hairs and long fine bi-istles ; femur of leg
iii. is the stoutest; patella ii. is armed on its apical angle with
a cluster of short, stout spines; patella iii. is thickly beset with
shoi't, stout spines both on its upper surface and lateral angles ;
while patella iv. has a numbej" of very short spines scattered
over its upper sui'face and latei-al angles ; tibiae iii. and iv. ai-e
eacli clothed with shoi't hairs and bespined ; metatarsi and
tai'si strongly bespined, thickly clothed and scopulated. Meas-
urements in millimeters: —

Leg.

Coxa.

Trochanter
and Femur.

Patella
and Tibia.

IMetatar.sus
and Tarsus.

Total.

1

2
3
4

2.5
2.5
25
2.5

4.8
4.2
4.2

5.1

5.3
4.8

4
5.7

5

4.8
4.3
5

17.6
16.3
15.
18.3

Fidpi. — Long, smooth, shining, not
strong, concolorous with legs ; femur and
patella very sparingly clothed ; tibia
thickly fringed with long hairs on under-
side ; radial joint small, overhanging,
hairy, cleft at apex ; genital bulb shining,
reddish ; stigma long, tapering, curved,
apex rounded off, blunt. Measurements
in millimetei's : — Trochanter and femur,
10.2; patella and tibia, 9.8; radial joint,
1 ; total, 21 (tig. 74.)

Fidces. — Concolorous with cephalothorax,
pori-ected upper surface wrinkled, sides
snH)oth ; the rasfell uiii is a pad on the
inner side of the falx ; fang long, black,
reddish at tip, and well carved ; inner angle of the furrow of
each falx fringed with long reddish hairs, and armed with a

Fig. 74.— -1/ bradleyi,
K;iinb., Palpus.

270

RECORDS OF THE ADSTRALIAX MDSKUM.

row of thirteen sti-oiig' teeth of var_yiiig- sizes; tlie outer aii<;le
has five smaller teeth, and in addition to these theie is, at the
base, an intei-niediate row of five still smaller teeth.

Maxilla'. — lilack, shinin"-, stout, strongly ai-ched ; outer
angles acuminate, the sui-face furnished with a few long bristles;
inner angles fringed with reddish haiis, and ai'nied with short,
conelike teeth.

Lah'nnii . — Concolorous, long, coniform, transversely wrinkled,
sparingly hairy, a[)ex armed with short, conifoi-m teeth.

SfeniKvi. — Concolorous also, rather flat, lateral and basal
angles reflexed, anterior angle deeply excavated to I'eceive base
of labium ; ,s/;////(( six, I'emoved from mai-gin, posterior pair
much the largest, and anterior pair decidedly the smallest.

Abdomen. — Obovate, ai-ched, sliglitly overlianging base of
cephalothoi'ax, chocolate-brown with small
yellowish spots; in front there is a lai-ge
patch of bluish-grey (fig. 75) ; sides con-
colorous with upper surface, and relieved by
fine yellowish, irregular striations; upfier
surface and sides furnished with short bristles ;
underside concolorous also, spotted with
yellow, and clothed with rather long hain
pulmonary sacs yellowish ; the chitinous
plate above the ri)>ia ej^'i/asferi!' yellowish also, but having in
addition two broad, longitudinal, dark-brown bars near the
middle.

Spiinieret!?. — Short, chocolate - brown ; apices of superior
pair white.

//-//;. — North Sydney.

Fiji. 7.S. — iV. hradlcri,
Kainh.. Ahdomen.

THE GENUS ENOPLOCLYTIA IN THE CRETACEOUS
ROCKS OF QUEENSLAND.

By R. Etheridge, Junr., Curator.

(Plates xxiii. and xxiv.)

Comparatively few Crustacean remains liave, so far, been
found in the Cretaceous of Queensland, or for tlie matter of
tliat tlirouc^liout Austi-alia generally. A short note by myself,
published in 1892 gives details of all that was known up to
that date.i Emphasis is there laid on the occui'fence of both
the Macrura and Brachyura.

The Trustees have, from time to time received from Mr. W.
H. Blomfield collections of Queensland Cretaceous fossils
collected by him. In a series received some time ago occurred
a specimen of great interest being the greater portion of a
Macruran carapace apparently referable to Enoplodi/tia,
McCoy.

The specimen consists of the carapace less the rostral por-
tions, and all api)endages. It is sharply bent down along the
dorsal median line, leaving the lateral portions but very little
convex, indeed the entire body may be said to be highly com-
pressed ; on the right side the ventral margin is fairly well
preserved, but on the left it is wanting. The general outline
of this carai)ace is long-oval, and in its present compressed
condition rather broadly pod-shaped, the entire surface being
highly tuberculate. The posterior margin is only preserved
towards its ventral latei-al portions which are rounded.

The nuchal furrow is deep, wide, devoid of tubercles and
faintly signioidal on each half of the shield, cui'ving forwards
on approaching the ventro-lateral margins and running
parallel to the latter forwards for a short distance. At about
the middle of its course there is a short open supplementaiy
groove directed forwards. The niesobranchial furrow, like
the nuchal, is deep, devoid of tubercles, but not so wide, and
is double, one groove behind the other, but close together

1 Etheridge— Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, vii. (2), 1892, p. 305.

272 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

The anterior of these curves towards the nuchal on each cara-
pace half, gradually lessening in consj)icuouKness but still
reaching the nuchal just before its anterior turn forvvai'ds.
The posterior niesobranchial is continuous across the entire
cax'apace from niai-gin to margin, distinctly sigmoidal, and
deep at its extremities, faint and somewliat concavely curved
in its median portion on eacli half of the carapace ; these two
principal furrows, the mesobranchial and nuchal are united
immediately above each latero-ventral maigin by a short trans-
verse furrow tending to sef)ai'ate off and hel])ing to form llie
small epibianchial lobes. The cephalic lol)e8, anterior to the
nuchal furrow ai'e, accepting the iniclial as a base line, obtusely
triangular and highly scabrous, the tubercles lai'ge and close.
The niesobranchial lobes enclosed between the funows of the
same name and the nuchal ai-e roughly parallelogramatic, the
tubercles resembling those of tlie cephalic lobes.

Between the mesobranchial and epibranchial lobes occur two
small more or less round, or pear-shaped lobes foi-med by the
junction of the anterior niesobranchial furrow above and the
posterior below with the nuchal.

The large branchial region is highly scabrous, l)ut tlie
tubercles are certainly sinallei' than those of the cejjhalic or
mesobranchial portions.

The genus E)t(>iihic]\jtla was established by McCoy- to receive
tlie well-known Astacus lenrhii, ^Jantell, of tlie Lowei' Chalk.
The absence of the rostral portions in the present specimen is
unfortunate, as here are situated some of the pi-incipal ]iarts
relied on by McCoy for the separation and support of his
genus. Howevei', the double brancliial fuiiows (liere termed
mesobj-anchial after Prof. 'J\ liell) dcsciii>tMl in l', u^fliH-l ijl'm,
are unmistakably present in tlie Queensland Crustacean, and
although McCoy's figui-e is a more or less diagraniatic one,
the fui'i'ows in question are well shown. It is in the figures of
Reuss, (leinitz, and Fiitsch and Kafka that similai' characters
to those of our specimen are so ap])arenl.

a McCoy— Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., iv. (2), 1849, p. 330, fig.

ENOPLOCLYTIA KTHERIPQE. 273

In Reus.s' illustiutiou,"^ not only is the double niescjbrancliial
furrow shown but also the epibraiichial lobes. These featuies
are even better displayed in Geinitz's figure,'* and equally well
also in that of E. ve)ttrico.<a, Meyer. 5 It appears to nie, judging
from the figures quoted, tliat the form and degree of develop-
ment of tlie epibranchial lobes form good charactei's for specitic
separation, at any rate in tlie absence of the rostral and other
appendages.

The original figures of Antaeus leachii by Mantell*' and BelF
are almost wliolly those of the chelae and are therefore of no
assistance at present, but relying on the figures of Reuss and
Geinitz and more particularly the beautiful illusti-ation by the
lattei", our form, which I purpose calling E. tena-reyiuce,
would appear to possess a greater development of supplemen-
tai'v lobes in the meso-epibranchial region ; other than this it
is unquestionably very close to E. leachii.

To some extent there is a resemblance to another Cretaceous
genus riilijctisdina, Bell,^ but the presence in this genus of a
mesogasti'ic lobe enclosed within the bifurcation of the mesial
longitudinal sulcus at the anterior end of the carapace at once
tends to distinguish one from the other.

Loc. — Barcoo River Watershed, South Central Queensland.

* Reuss — Verstein. Bohm. Kreideformation, Abth. 1, 1845, pi. vi.,
fig. 2.

^ Geinitz — Charakter. Schichten Petrefacten siich. Kreid., 2 heft, 1840,
pi. ix., fig. 1.

3 Meyer — Fossiler Krebse, 1840, pi. iv., fig. 29 a and b.

6 Mantell— Foss. S. Downs, 1822, pi. xxix., figs, 1, 4, 5.

' Bell in Dixon — Geol. and Foss. Sussex, 1850, pi. xxxviii*, figs. 6 and
7 (as Palcvastacus macrodactylus, Bell.)

8 Bell— Mon. Foss. Malacostracous Crust. Gt. Brit., pt. ii., 1862, p. 34.

NOTE ON THE OCCURRENCE of tue SAND-ROCK

coNTAixiN.i liONEs OK EXTINCT SPECIES OF MARSUPIALS

(Emu, Kangaroo, Womiut, etc.,) on Kino Island,

Bass Strait, Tasmania.

By Wim.iam Anderson, F.R.S.E., F.G.S.,

former]}^ of the Greoloj^ical Surveys of New South Wales and

India; late Government Geoh:)gist of Natal.

During a recent visit to King Island I was, tlirough the kind-
ness of Ml'. J. M. Bowling, fortunate in being able to make a
cursoi-j examination of the deposits in which the bones of
extinct species of Marsupials occur, and to obtain a small
collection of the fossils wliich are now deposited in the Austral-
ian Museum, Sydney.

, It lias not previously been observed that the wind-blown
sand forming the recent dunes is not the original matrix of
tlie fossils. Hence this note !

The literature dealing with the geology of the island, the
occurrence of the deposits and the description of their bone
contents is as yet of a very limited character. The earliest
reference to the fossil bones is a short note, recording their
discovery by Mr. Bowling, published in an early number of
the King Island " Record," ^ subsequently followed by a paper"
in which Professor Baldwin Spencer und Mr. J. A. Kershaw
describe a collection of these bones and a paper^ by Mr. F.
Debenham on the general geology of the island.

Allusion is made, in a paper* by Mr. F. Noetling, to the
occurrence of remains of Nototheriuiii, obtained by Mr.

' The Record, King Island, i., 2, 6th Dec, 1905.

- Spencer and Kershaw — Mem. Nat. Mus. Melbourne, 3, 1910.

Debenham — Journ. Roy. Soc. New South Wales, xliv., 1910, p, 560.

Noetling — Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1911, p. 124.

276 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEDM.

Stephenson ot" Yanibacoona, while draining a swamp on his
property in the northern portion ol: the island. The specimens,
consisting of portions of the lower jaw are now in the Victoria
Museum, Launceston, and are the tirst and only specimens yet
obtained from the island. These I'einains, however, occuii'ed in
an inland lake deposit and not in marine coastal accujiiulatiuns
such as the ossiferous sand-rock of the southern end of the
island, with which this note deals. They are ])robably
geologically earliei', as, so far, there have been no evidences of
contemporaneity with the extinct species of Marsupials above
referred to.

The deposits from which the bones were collected hihI from
which the specimens wei'e obtained which were desci'ibed by
Professor S[)encer are situated near the extreme southern
point of the island, on the most southerly of Mr. J. M. Bowl-
ing's farms, to the south-east of Surprise Bay. The sand-
dunes in this locality attain a considerable elevation. They
are the most extensive on the southern half of the island, and
with the ossiferous sand-i'ock occurring among them, cover its
most southerly promontory, the geological formation of which
consists of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, chiefly phyliites,
schists, quartzites, etc. similar to those ex{)osed in other parts
of the island. Outcrops of these are not infrequent proti'uding
from among the sand deposits and they usually prevail a long
the immediate foreshore, around the southern end of the
island.

The bones are usually found in the loose wiiul-blowii snnd
now foi'niing the I'ecent sand-dunes, but this is not their
oi'iginal nuitiix, which is generall}^ a faii'ly hai-d sand-i'ock, of
a reddish-brown colour, coai-se in texture and frequejitly ex-
posed through the sand-dunes. Tliere is no apj)arent laniina-
tion in the deposit, yet on the eastei-n asj)ect of tlie jieninsuia,
it outcrops through the sand in numerous bold, parallel ridges,
exhibiting suspicions of false bedding, which foini quite a feat-
ure in the sand-dune landscape.

These ridges of sand-rock appear to have h decided southerly
dip which, howevei', may perhaps be due to blown sand
weathering. This, in othei- legions, is very often the case, ajid
is chiefly due- to the occurrence of a persistent prevailing

KlNil I.SI.AN'K SANIi-l{(i(K ANUKKSON. 277

wind. In exposed areas, where tlie winds are variable and
uoii-peisistent, such degntdatiou of similar strata producea
most irregular outcrops unless the deposit has been distinctly
bedded originally, in which case the stratification becomes
emphasised I'ather than obliterated. Among tlie higher ex-
posures ol' the sand-rock thei-e are fairly ext.ensive outcrops of
light colouredcalcareous and siliceous rocks coutainingnumerous
concretions, some of which are of considerable thickness
individually and usually irregularly vermiform in chai-acter.
Some are hollow, but the majorit}^ are solid. So far as my
cursory examination went they showed no plant structure
although often a radiating structure is present which is prob-
ably aragonite. Hy theii- size ainl the frequency of their
occurrence it is possible the^- nia^' i-epresent roots or stems of
plants and trees. On the other hand, there are, the world over,
calcareous dej)osits in which segregation, due to chemical
agencies has produced the most curiously contorted concretions
which have had no connection whatever with an organic
origin. At the same time, I may mention the fact that in
climates which are not so very different from that of the
southern part of Australia, 1 have known occurrences such as
the following: — On the west coast of Madagascar, and on the
opposite east coast of Africa, where the rocks consist chiefly of
Cretaceous calcareous strata, the recent deposits now forming,
principally among the mangrove swamps, are calcareous.
There, one occasionally sees, especially in an estuary which has
become more or less silted up, and is in process of geological
i-egeneration, that the deposited matter is a calcareously
cemented mud exhibiting hollows which originally were occu-
I)ied bj^ the roots and in some cases the lower ends of the
stems' of the mangrove. In the King Island concretions there
are no signs of vegetable structure and to all intents and
purposes they might be fulgurites, or worm burrows, filled with
calcareous material.

Otlier calcareous deposits containing similar concretions
occur in different parts of tlie island near the coast ; one such
outcrop is about a mile to the north of the township of Currie.
These deposits, on the southern peninsula, abut against each
other in such a way that they would seem to be contempor-
aneous with the red sand-roc^k. Besides the concretions the
southern calcareous deposits contain isolated specimens of the

278 RECORDS OF TUB AUSTRALIAN MDSKD.M.

bones of extinct species of Marsupials. Mr. Bowling informed
me he had obtained a number of specimens frbm them. There
are no pebbles or boulders in either the calcareous oi' the red
sand-rock except in the immediate vicinity of tlie inetamorf)hic
rock outcrops. These deposits are now exposed quite near the
iiighest pai'ts of the sand-dunes and of the peninsula. In
some cases the highest outcrops consi.st of the metamorphic
slates, quartzites, etc., and the bone-bearing dej)osits are present
at least over one hundred and fifty feet above sea level.

The fossils occur sparingly in the calcareous and siliceous
deposits but are quite common in the hard sand-rock. In the
former they have to be chiselled out, while in the latter a
pointed implement of some kind is necessary to release them
from the matrix and careful manipulation is needed if a useful
specimen is to be obtained. On the outcrops of the sand-rock,
fossil bones are exti-emely plentiful and are distributed
promiscuously through them, the long bones and jaw bones often
protruding from the exposed surfaces at all angles and some-
times resting intimately upon each other in couples and
bunches. There are no instances of the occurrence of whole
skeletons or even portions of" the same skeleton being found
together. In the sand-rock itself and fi-equently in the loose
sand, even at the highest exposures specimens of more than one
species of bivalve are of frequent occurrence, together with
numei'ous stout opercula of Gasteropoda, and much comminuted
shell material is disseminated through the de{)osits. Those
jiortions of the bones exj)osed to the atmosphei-e on the out-
crops of the saiid-i'ock aie usual I}- eroded by the action of wind
blown sand and for the same i-eason, all the bones which are
present in the i-ecent loose sand niake equally bad specimens.

There is little doubt in nn' mind that these deposits, with
the exception of the bhiwn sand, have been formed under
marine shaUow water conditions. The occurrence of the
bones on every exposui'e justifies such a conclusion. They
are scattered indiscriminately through the matrix showing
no ai'rangeineiit in layei's and it seems cei-tain that the animals
whose I'eniains are hei-e embedded did not die in the position
in which their boiies are fossilised. There had been little or
no erosion of the bones pj-ior to their deposition and even the
teeth in the lower jaws of the various genera are mostly intact

KIN»i ISLAND SAND-ROCK ANDERSON. 279

and in position, except, after exposui-e in tlie blown sand. It
is mote tlian ])robable tliat these detaclied skeletal leinains
have been conveyed to tlieir piesent position in tlie saiid-rock,
not by running water but by a gradnal assimilation, into an
estiiafine or coastal sandy deposit, of the already disjointed
skeletons, probably from tlie immediate foi-esliore wliere they
had been accumulated after death. Otlier facts which lend
support to the conclusion that these dej)osits were formed
under marine coastal conditions are the presence of sevei'al
species of molluscai, with opercula of Grasteropoda., fi-agments
of sliells, and much comininuled shell material.

This seems to me the most feasible expla-natioTi whicli would
account for the wide disti-ibution of the individual bones of the
various genera of animals occui-ring in the sand-rock. If they
liad been fossilised in the place where the animals died there
would, of a certaintj^ have been pi-esent local accumulations of
bones which had belonged to one iudividua.l skeleton or a portion
of one. In all the bones that have been picked up there is, so
far as observation has gone, no trace of any individual sf)ecimen
exhibiting marks of liaving been gnawed by carnivoi-a., although
the bones of a much lai'ger "native cat" than the preseiit
species appear indiscriminatelj' mixed with them. This would
tend to show that the bones wei-e not ex])osed for a,ny length
of time before their deposition in the sand-rock.

Tl)e majority of the specimens wliich liave been loosened
from the original matiix and are now found detached among
the sand of the recent dunes occur in close relation to tlie
bones of the same genera of tlie present day, together with
those of the slieep and horse, so that in collecting, a certain
amount of discrimination is necessary. They have, almost in
every case, been liberated from the original matrix by the
triturating effect of the wind-blown sand on the exposures of
the hardened sand-rock, thus freeing the bones and leaving
them isolated in the recent sands. This action lias continued
further on the loose exposed bones, resulting in the
destruction of tlie external boney surface and the laying bare
of the spongy interior. Especially is this the case with the ends
and articular surfaces of the long bones, although not confined
to them.

280 RECORDS OF THE AOSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Similar cases of erosion by wiiul-blowii sand are not unconi-
nion where it lias acted upon the later geological formations.
Its action on f^i'anites and othei' plutonic and intrusive I'ocks is
well known. One particularly g^ood exam[)le of this occurs
alono' the south east coast of Africa, on the littoral of Zululand,
where high cliffs of Tertiaiy strata ai'e being gradually worn
away by blown sand weathering, leaving detrital heaps, at the
bottom of the cliffs, of fossils, lignitic wood and fragments of
foraminiferal limestones, which are present in thin beds in the
sections above. These cliffs present a curious aspect, showing
the thin protruding limestones, the mucli excavated sandy beds,
while the clayey deposits ai-e cut into the most wonderfully
fantastic shapes but often present more or less flat and fairly
extensive exposures foi-ming a remarkable ajid sometimes
grotesque feature in tlie coastal scenerj^ just as these outci-ops of
sand-rock form a distinctive feature in the landscape of the
sand-dunes, on the south coast of King Island.

The sand-dunes themselves have not been formed in the
ordinary wa}', by the heaping up of wind-blown beach sand
but chiefly consist of sand particles resulting from the
trituration of the sand-rock, from tlie period of the elevation
of the island after the last subsidence, to the present day, no
doubt a.ssisted to a small extent by tlie drifting sea-shoi-e
sands. Although in the majoi'ity of cases the chief origin of
dune sand, except, perhaps on a desert coast line, is un-
doubtedly" blown shore sand, m some cases where there have
been uplifts of the coast line, the rocks of which consist of late
geological formations, such as Pleistocene, Tertiai-y, or even
Cretaceous stra.ta, the accretion to the amount of sand, and its
chief source after these beds had become dry land has been
from the wind-blown sand degradation of such exposed soft
deposits. Just as in this case on King Island, the present-
day sands of the southern coast dunes are undoubtedly to a
small extent composed of blown beach sands, l)ut the major
portion consists of the triturated sand gi-ains ertxled by the
wind from the hardened fossiliferous sand-rock.

The fact tlia,t similai- bone deposits are known to occur at
points on both coasts of the island would lend suppin-t to the
conclusion that during the deposili(ni of the satid-rock, con-
taining the isolated specimens of fossil bones, the whole island

MNii ISLAND SAND-ROCK ANDERSON. 281

was at a iniicli lowei- level and was necessai'ily iio< so larfje
as at prestMit. pointing to a pei'iod of subniei'gence. it is even
])ossible tluK it underwent a sudden sinkin<j, up to a certain
level, the resultot which ina3'a(!Count I'or the killinir off of laj'c^e
numbers of the animals wliose bones have been subsequently
found as fossils in the sand-rock. This peri(Kl of submergence
may not have been of any great dui-ation, as theie are no
evidences of raised beaclies or othjer data suggestive of a
lengthened period of submei-gence. But it seems to me that in
suggesting a possible ex[)lauation for the presence of this
deposit, with its enclosed osseous i-emains, some such occui-reiice
as the above must have taken place. From other sources we
have evidences of great physical disturbances in recent geological
times over the area now known as Bass Strait, and it seems
quite probable that this suggested disturbance on King Island
occui-red as a part of these physical changes in the geograpliy
of this region.

The whole subjectof the physical geology of the islands in Bass
Strait, which foi'm pai-tially submerged connecting links be-
tween the continent of Australia and the island of Tasmania, is
one of exceeding interest but as yet one whicli has hardlv
been touched upon by geologists and zoologists. Tliere is no
doubt that when this subject has been worked up, not only
will there be some remaikable facts discovered, both zoological
and palaeontological, but also facts of importance which may
have far reacliiiig applications in Australasian physical
geology, relating to the geological movements of tliis most in-
teresting portion of Austi'alasia, which have taken place with-
in geologicalh' I'ecent times. Even now some curious facts in
distrilnition are known ; for instance, the large islands, called
the Hunteis, to the south of King Island and lying off the
north coast of Tasmania, although only separated from each
other by a strait, not three miles wide, until lately showed a
curious zoological anomaly. The geological foi'niation of the
two islands differs, the western consisting of granite and the
eastern of metamorphic sedimentary rocks. The strait now
undoubtedly occupies a line of fault, which within recent
geological times caused the separation of the two islands. It
has been reported that within living memory the western
island was overrun by wallaby while the eastern was absolutely

282 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

free from tliese marsupials, until recently when they were
introduced from the western island. Reports are also frequent
of animals having been occasionally met with, which were
entirely different from the ordinary marsupials to which the
laj-man has been accustomed. Although such reports fire not
always to be relied upon in their entirety, it has been my
experience, in different parts of the world, that where a lay-
man without an}' special scientific knowledge or even a. native
(as in the case of the Oliupi of central Africa) has noted some
peculiarities in animals he has either killed or seen, which
seemed to him to distinguisli them from others he has been
acquainted with, it is always judicious to bear the fact in
mind and endeavour if possible to prove or dis[)rove it as
occasion offers. At any rate tliis subject must inevitably be
dealt with as it is one of the most interesting in the physical
geology of the Australiaii continent.

In their Memoir " A Collection of Sub-fossil Bird and
Marsupial Remains from King Island, Bass Sti-ait," Prof. W.
B. Sftencer and Mr. J. A. Kei-shaw, the Director and Curator
respectively of the National Museum, MeIl)oui'ne, described
the remains of an PiUiu (Dr(h)i(Piis uiiuor) fii-st found on Kan-
garoo Island, or He Deci'es, discovered by Admiral Baudin's
expedition in the ships Gt''Ogra[)he, Naturaliste and Casiiarina,
in 1802, of small size, and " possessing when young a grevish
plumage that became quite black when the bird reached
maturity" ; to the osseous remains of a bird (believed fo be
identical) found on King Island, the above authoi-s applied
the name of Dronnvns )iti)i(ir. The Phascolomine or
Wombat remains found on King Island enabled Messrs.
Spencer and Kershaw, supplemented by bones from other
islands in the Strait, and historical data, to show that the
name rhicscoloiinis ursiiiKs, Sliaw, must be restricted to the
" Wombat of the Bass Strait Islands." Amongst the other
osseous remains obtained and described, were those of two
" Native Cats " (Dasi/urKs), a larger and a smaller species ;
to the larger of these tlie name Dai^ynnts hoivlimji was applied.
In addition to these fossils portions of six otlier existing
Marsupials were obtained.

KINO TRLANP SAND-noCK ANDERSON.

283

BIKD AND MAKSUPIAL liONES fkom the SAND-ROCK
DEPOSITS OK KING ISLAND, BASS STRAIT.
Presented by I\Ih. "Wm. Ander.son, Feliruary. ISU k

4

1. tibio-tarsi

Dromseus minor, Spenrer.

8

r. „ ,, ...

„

1

pt. sternum

„ »

3

fibulae

» >•

9

r. femora ...

>.

8

1. .,

>• >•

5

r. tarso-meta tarsi ...

.. >.

6

1

„ „

7

vertebrae

5

pt. pelves ...

..

2

skulls

Macropus ruficollis, De.fmarexf.

1

1. ramus mand. . .

1

incisor tooth

sp.

1

pt. mandible

., ,,

1

skull (calvarium) ...

•>

2

costae

1

skull

(Opossum ?)

2

,, ...

Phascolomys ursinus, Sltaw.

3

mandibles ...

sp.

2

1. ramus mand.

,, ,,

2

r. ,,

1

skull

Dasyurus bowlincifi, Speurer.

1

r. ramus mand.

? maculatus, Kfrr.

1

1. „

sp.

2

(bird ribs) ...

Adileiuhim. — To the bi'ief "Literature" pi'evidusly given,
must be added a paper by Mr. F. Chapman, "Notes on a
Collection of Tertiary Limestones and their Fossil Contents,
from King Island (Mem. Nat. Mus. Melbn., No. 4, 1912, j).
39, pis. vi. and vii.)

EXPLANATION OP PLATE XXIII.

Eiioploclytia terra-regiiia% I'Jth. jil .
Fig. 1. Cai'apace seen from the right liaiid side.
Fig. 2. Carapace seen from the left liaiul side.

EEC. AUSTR. MUS., Vol.. X.

I'l.ATK .Will

C. Cl.uTTnx, Austr. Mus., plioto.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV.

Enoploclytia terra-reg'iiise, Eth. HI.
Fig. 1. Matiix impression of right side of carapace.

F]noploclytia leachii, Matitell.
Fig. 2. Right, side of carapace (aiter Geinitz) for comparison.

RKC. ATSTK. MI'S., Vol-. X.

I'L.MK XX 1\'

C. Cl-CrroK, Austr. Mas., plioto.

HYDROZOA FROM ONE HUNDRED FATHOMS,
SEVEN MILES EAST OF CAPE FJLI.Ali, TASMANIA.

By E. A. BRKids, B.Sc, Zoologist

(Plates xxv.-xxvi., and Fig. 1.)

The small collection of Hydi'oids desciihed Iti <lie pi'eseiit
paper forms part of the marine invertebi'ate collections
obtained by Messrs. C. Hedle}' and W. L. May, seven miles
east of Cape Pillar, Tasmania, in December, 1907. The
specimens are of interest as being the fii'st samples of the
Hydroid fauna of Tasmania from one hundi-ed fathoms.

The specimens were dredged " on a firm bottom of sand,
rolled pebbles, and a conglomerate of recent sliells."^

The collection is composed entirely of Calyptoblastic foi-ms,
and contains representatives of thii'teen species, one of which
is new.

The male corbulii? of Aylaophe)iia fasmiunca have been
described for the first time, and an instance of sexnal
dimorphism lias been observed in the structure of the corbulae
of tliis species.

The most striking of the records of geographical distribu-
tion are as follows : —

Ferisljihuiiid exseyta (Johnson), previously reported by All-
man and Ritchie from Australian sea.s, was originally found in
the North Atlantic at Madeira; TJniinn'd siinio.iu, 3?i]e, was
previously recorded from Port Molle, Queensland, and Jervis
Bay, New South Wales ; and Tliyru^cyphas si iii [ilex, ori^umUy
described by Lamouroux " sur les Fuscus de 1' Australasie,"^
has been recorded by Ritcliie in a recent paper from the Clyde
Sea Area and from Gough Island, South Atlantic.

I He.lley and May— Rec. Austr. Mus.. vii., 2, 1908, p. 108.
■-' Lamouroux— Hist. Polyp. Cor. Flex., 1816, p. 207.

286 RECORDS OF THE ATTSTRALIAX MUSEUM.

The complete list of tlie species in the collection is as
follows : —

Phyluin Coelenterata.

Class HYDROZOA.

Order CALYPTOBLASTEA.

Family HALECID^.

Hdlecivm fJe.i'ilc, All man.

Family CAMPANULARID^.
TJiyr(Kn/p]nis siDtpIe.v (Laraouroux).
Family LAFOEID^.

CnjphiliiriK arhiin'fiinin'K, Ritchie.
PenxijiJiiiiiiti f'.rserta (Johnson).

Family SERTULARID^.

Sertnl((relli( (i(]prex(«i, Ritchie.
Serf III (irelhi divaricatii (Busk).
Sertularella coIiuiiuan\(, sp. iiov.
TJi til arid tfiiiiiosii, Bale.
Sej'tiilaria upevniliita, Linna?iis.

Fan 1 i I y P I . U M U L A RT D yE .

Ihdiconiojist's idctjiDix ( Lamai'ck) .

lliiliciiniiiriii fiu-raf((, Bale, vai'. i iitfniwiJin, Bale.

Ayhiopheiu'd (Jt'cionbciix, Bale.

Aglaoplieiiltt tusiinniicn, Bale.

Family HALECID^.

Genus Halkcium, Oln'ii.

IIaI-ECIU.M laKXILK, Jlliinlll.

Hidecium flexile, Allinan, Rep. Sci. Results " Cli;illciiu't'r "
Exped., Zool., xxiii., llydroida, pt. ii.. 18SS, p. 11, pi. v.,
figs. 2, 2a. 111., Thoi'nel}', Ceylun I'eai'l Oyster Kishriies,

TAPMANTAN HYDROZOA — RRIGr.S. 287

pt. ii., Snpyil. Rep., viii., — Hydroida, 1904, p. ll'J. /(/.,
Hartlaub, Zoul. Jaliib. .Teiia, Suppl. vi., iii., 1905, p. 611,
tijjfs. J-', K^. /(?., Billaid, Aim. Sci. Nat., Zool., (n.s.), xi.,
1910, p. 8. /'/., Ritcliie, Mem. Austr. Mus., iv., 16, 1911,
p. 811.

Ilaleciiiin (jnu-lle, Bale, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, (2), iii.,
lS88,"p- 759, pi. xiv., figs. 1-3 ; LL, Bale, Proc. Roy. Soc.
Vict., vi., 1894, p. 99. Id., Jiiderholm, Ark. for Zool.
Stockholm, i., 1903, p. 266, pi. xii., tigs. 2, 3.

Ilitleriiou jKimilKDi, Bale, Proc. Liiin. Soc. N. S. Wales, (2),
iii., 1888, p. 760, pi. xiv., figs. 4, 5. Id., Marktanner-
Tiiriieretsclier, Ann. K. K. Hofmus. Wien, v., 1890, p.
218, pi. iii., tig. 22.

Several fiagmeiitary colonies growing on a spine of an
Ecliinoid are referred to this species. The stem is only very
weakly fascicled at the base. The hydrorhiza forms a creep-
ing stolon. The margins of the hydrothecae are scarcely
everted, and in this respect tliey resemble those tigured by
Allman. The specimens, however, are much smaller than the
four inch higli forms desciibed bj- that author ; but they agree
in heiarht with Bale's mature colonies from New South Wales.
Miss Thornely's immature Ceylon examples from the Gulf of
Maiiaar are only half an inch high.

DtDieiisiuiis : —

Stem inteinode, length ... ... ... 0-61-0-71 mm.

Stem internode, diameter ... ... ... 0-15-017 mm.

Hydrotheca, depth 0 08-0-10 mm.

Hydrotheca, diameter at mouth ... ... 012-014 mm.

Hydrotheca, diameter at base... ... ... 007-008 mm.

Digtribidioii. — Previously recorded from Station 145, off
Marion Island, 50 fathoms (Allman) ; Station 312, Port
Famine, Patagonia, Lat. 53° 37' 30"S., Long. 70° 65'W., 9
fathoms (Allman) ; Port Stef)hens, Port Jackson, Bondi, New
South Wales (Bale) ; Gulf of Manaar, Ceylon (Thornely) ;
Station 44, off Coogee, New- South Wales, 49-50 fathoms
(Ritchie).

288 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

With regard to the question of priority of name of H.
flexile. Dr. Billard^ publishes the following note : — "Apres
avoir examine le type d/Allman, je suis d'avis qu'on peut
admettre la synonj'mie entre I'H. flexile Allm. et I'H. giaeile
comme I'a avance le premier Hartlaub [1905] (p. 611). La
priorite revient au nom d'Allman, le memoiredu "Challenger"
etant date du 9 Mai 1888 et celui de Bale du 27 Juin de la
meme annee."

Family CAMPANULARID^.

Genus Thyroscyphus, AUman.

Thyroscyphus simplex (Laiiiouroti.L').

Laomedea siiiijtle.r, Lamouroux, Hist. Polvp. Cor. Flex., 1816,
p. 206.

('niiipanularia tridentata, Bale, Proc. Koy. Soc. Vict., (n.s.), vi.,
1893, p. 98, pi. iii., fig. 3.

SertidareUn fn'deiifntd, Hartlaub, Abli. Nat. Ver. Hamburs:,
xvi., 1900, p. 46, fig. 21.

Thy rose i/ph/is trt(h'iit(itus, Hartlaub, Zool. Jalirb. Syst., xiv.,
1901, p. 369, pi. xxi., fig. 14, pi. xxii., fig. 23. Id.,
Ritchie, Tians. Roy. Soc. Edinb., xlvii., 1909, p. 74, fig.
la, b.

Thi/rosri/idiKs siiii)ile.v, Billard, C. R. Acad. Sci., cxlviii.,
1909, p. 1065; Id., Billard, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (9), ix.,
1909, p. 312.

Far((sei/jdiiis shiijde,i', Ritchie, Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. P^dinb., xx.,
1911, p. 160, fig. I.

Only a few colonies, the largest 14 mm. in height, i-epresent
this species. The specimens agree in all respects with the
description and figuie given by Bale.

After an examination of Lamouroux' type collection Billai-d
has declared HaiiijxuiKlaria tridentata, Bale, identical with
Ldoiiiedea'iiiiiqile.r, Lamouroux. Ritchie has placetl it under a
new genus as Farascyplius shuple-v.

s Billard— Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (n.s.), xi., 1910, p. 3.

TASMANIAN HYDKOZOA HKKKiS. 289

Stem iiiternode, leiijj^tli ... ... ... 0'61-0'78 mm.

Stem iiiteriiode, diameter .. ... ... 0"15-019 mm.

Hydrotheca, leiiirtli 0-73-0-75 mm.

Hydrotlieea, diameter at montli ... ... 0"22-028 mm.

Hydrotheca, diameter at ba><e ... ... 0-08-0"10 mm.

Dilifn'liKh'ilii. — Previously I'eeoi'ded from Australia (Lamour-
oux) ; Port Phillip, Victoi'ia (Bale) ; B'reucli Pass, New Zea-
land (Hartlaub) ; Gondii Jslaiid, South Atlantic Ocean
(Ritcliie) ; Clj'de Sea Area, Bari-ier Plateau, between Sanda
Island and Ailsa Craig, 24 fathoms (Ritchie).

Family LAFOEID^.

Geuus Cryptolaria, JJask.

Cryptolaria arboriformis, liilchle.

Cnjptolan'ii arltorifonitif, Ritcliie, Mem. Austr. Mus., iv., 16,
1911, p. 82-1, pi. Ixxxiv., tig-. 1, pi. Ixxxvii., fig. 7.

This species is represented in the collection by a single
specimen, which is tirmly attaclied to the surface of a Retepora-
like Polyzoon, over which it has sent out hydrorhizal tubes in
the form of a reticulum, the components of which have inter-
laced with the large circular perforations of the Polyzoon. In
this manner, a corresponding reticulation has been formed on
the under surface of the lietepora, giving the specimen a
firm basis of attachment.

The colony is 12'5 cm. in height, with a diameter of 3 mm.
at the base. The type specimen appears to have undergone
very severe weathering, since the branches of the present
form do not bear " the aspect of bare, gnarled limbs of some
weather-beaten tree." The ultimate and most delicate branch-
lets have been pi-eserved, thus imparting to the specimen a
thick bushy appearance.

The colour of the colony is light-brown to greenish-brown.

290 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Fascicle tube, diameter ... ... ... 007 iiiin.

Axial tube, diameter ... ... ... ... up io 0"-i5 mm.

Hydrotlieca, leiigtli of adnate portion ... 0"28-0'31 mm.

Hydrotheca, length of free portion ... ... O'08-O'IO mm.

Hydrotbeca, greatest diameter ... ... O'lO-O'l'i mm.

Distribiitiiui. — Hitherto recorded only from Station 4-4, off
Coogee, New Soutb Wales, 49-50 fathoms (Ritchie).

Genus Perisiphonia, AJljintn.

Perisiphonia exserta (Jtilnison).

t'rjptularia exserf((, Johnson, Quart. Journ. Micro. Sci., vi.,
1858, [). 130, pi. xix., tigs. 3, 3a, 3b.

Fen'si'pJioiiia jilicitht, Allman, Rep. Sci. Results "Challenger"
Exped., Zool., xxiii., 1888, Hydroida, }). 44, pi. xxii.,
tigs. 1-4.

Perisiphonia exsert((, Ritchie, Mem. Austr. Mus., iv., 16, 1911,
p. 834, pi. Ixxxvii., tig. 3.

A solitary specimen agrees with the description of I'erisi-
l>]ioiiia exserta (Johnson) given by Ritchie. The colony is 53
mm. in heiglit, with a diameter of 06 mm. at the base.

IJ

uiieiisHiiis

Pei'ipheral tube, diameter ... ... ... 0"05-0"06 mm.

Hydrotheca, length aduate to axial tube ... 0"33-0"34 mm.

Hydrotlieca, length free from axial tube ... 0'1--0'15 mm.

Hydrotheca, diameter at mouth ... ... 0 1:^ mm.

Sarcotheca, length-^ ... ... ... ... 0"05-0"06 mm.

Sarcotheca, diameter ... ... ... ... 0"035 mm.

Distance between adjacent hydrothecje on

hydroclades^ ... ... ... ... 0"47-0'51 mm.

•* From the surface of the peripheral tube to the tip.

!* Measured fi'oni the base of one hydrotheca to the baso of the next
on the same side of the axial tube.

TASMANMAN 1IYI'I!( i/,i lA UKKHiS. 291

Di.^fn'liiilinii. — Previously recorded fi^oin Madeiiu, North
Atlantic Ocean (Johnson) ; Station 75, near tlie A/ores, Lat.
88^88'N., Lon<r. 28°28'30"W., 450 Fathoms (Allnnm) ; Station
1()3a, off T\\n)fokl Bay, New Soutli Wales, 15U Fatlionis (All-
niann) ; Station 57, off VVata Mooli, New South Wales, 59-54-
i'athonis (Kilchif).

Family Sl^^RTULAUlU^.

Genus Skiitularella, (jvay.

SkktULAREIJ^A AHPRESSA, h'llr/iic.

(Plate XXV., fig. 2.)

,'Scrhili'r>'ll<i ,i,li,rrssn, Ritchie, Mem. Austr. i\Ius., iv., 1(5, 1911,

p. 837, pi. Ixxxv., fig. 5, pi. Ixxxviii., figs. 1, 2 and 9.

The collection contains two well-preserved specimens, the
characters of which agree in detail with Ritchie's description
of S<^i'ti(l(ii\'llti (idpi-extid.

Vinieiisioiis: —

Pinna, diameter ... ... ... ... 0'42 mm.

Hydrotheca, length ... ... ... ... 0'42-0'43 mm.

Hydrotlieca, diameter ... ... ... ... 019-021 mm.

Gonangium, length ... ... ... ... 2 mm.

Gonangium, greatest hreadth (frontal aspect) 0'64-071 mm.

Gonangium, greatest breadth (lateral aspect) 0"52-0"64 mm.

Ih'.^tn'liiitinii. — Hitherto recorded only from Station 36, off
Botany Bay, New Soutli Wales, 23-20 fathoms ; Station 54,
within Jervis Bay, New South Wales, 10-11 fathoms (Ritchie).

Sertulakella divaricata (HkxI-).
Sertnlaria diniricKhi, Busk, Voy. "Rattlesnake," 1852, p. 388.

Sertnlarella divKricdtd, Bale, Cat. Austr. Hydroid Zoophytes,
1884, p. 110, pi. iii., fig. 9, pi. xix., fig. 20 ; Id., Bale,
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, (2), iii., 1888, p. 761, pi.
xvi., figs. 1-2 (vai'. diihia), p. 761, pi. xvi., figs. 3-4 (var.
t;ul)ilic/i(itoiiiii). Id., Schneidei', Zool. Jahrb., 10, 1897, p.
525. hi, Hartlaub, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamburg, xvi., 1900,
pp. 23, 27, 38, pi. iii., figs. 15-20. LI, Ritchie, Mem.
Austr. Mus., iv., 16, 1911, p. 839 (var. snbdirhntoinn).
i'/., Bale, Biological Results "Endeavour," ii., 1, 1914,
p. 20.

292 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

SertnhireUn snhdlrliotonKi, Kirclieiipauei', Ahli. Nat. Ver. Haiii-
bni'g, viii., 1884, p. 46, pi. xvi., tigs. 1-lb. /<'., Haitlanh,
Abli. Nat. Ver. Hamburg, xvi., 1900, p. 33, pi. i., tigs. 3,
4, 6-9, 11-16, pi. ii., figs. 10-17, 51-52, pi. iii., figs. 3, 4,
13, 14 ; Id., Hartlaub, Voy. " Belgica," 1904, p." 6 ; Id.,
Hartlaiib, Zool. Jahi-b., Suppl. vi., Band iii., 1905, ]i. 629,
figs. V^ W\ Id., Jiiderliolm, Arkiv. for Z..ol., i., 1903,
p. 278, and ii., 1904, p. 3, and vi., 1910, p. 4 ; Id.,
Jiiderholm, Scliwed. Siidpolai'expd., vi., 1905, p. 25, pi.
ix., fig. 8. Id., Nutting, American Hydroids, pt. ii., —
Sertularida^, 1904, p. 96, pi. xxii., figs.\8-12. 7(^ Van-
luilfen, Deutsche Siidjxdarexpd., xi., Zool., iii., 1911, p.
326, fig. 41a-e.

SertuhirelJii Jolniiituni, Bale, Cat. Austr. Hydi-oid Zoophytes,
1884, p. 109 (in part), pi. iii., fig. 7, pl!^ xix., fig. 21; Id.,
Bale, Trans, and Proc. Roy. See. Vict., xxiii., 1887, p. 93
(in pai-t); Z(/., Bale, Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., (n.s.), vi., 1893,
p. 102. /'/., Billard (in part), Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (9),
xi., 1910, p. 13.

(Not Sertnlarui Johnxfoiit, Gray in Dieffenbach, N. Zealand,
ii., 1843, p. 294).

Specimens of this exceedingly vai-iable species were found
on Chioite )iiesodes)ii(i, Quoy and (laimard. The stems spring
from a creeping stolon and reach a height of 4 cm. The colour
of the colonies is pale brown.

Uoiiosoiiiv. — Not i)resent.

Dimensions : —

Internode, length ... ... ... 040 mm.

llydrotheca, length adnate ... 0"31-0o3 mm.

Hydrotheca, length free ... ... ... 0"10-014 mm.

Hydrolheca, diameteT- at mouth ... ... 0"17-019 mm.

Hydrotheca, diameier at base .. ... 014-015 mm.

Di.'ifr Unit ion. — Previously recoi'ded from many .\ustralian
Stations ; South America and Antarctica,

TASMANIAN llYKKd/.nA lilJltHiS.

•29:'.

H-,le\ recent exainiii;iti..n of speciinens from sevei'i.l Austr:.-
li,n. localities lu.s establislied the identity between Sninhn'l „
,i;r,n-n-ah, (Husk), var. .nlnlirhnhn.in, Hale, and ihe South
American and Antarctic Srrf.h,n'lln snIJIrh.l.n.n, Kucl.en-
pauer.

SKKTn.AKKl.l.A CoMIMXAKl A, >•/'. ii"r.

(Fig. 1.)
Tronl>o,n,^,r.—Co\ouY attaining a lieigl.t of 05 en. , stem
straitrl't 1-5 mm. in'diMmeter ai the base, fascicled below,
springing from a clump of bydr..rl.i/al tubes and bea.-mg
regularly arranged long, monosipbonur branches, tin- hrst ol
which arises 11 mm. above the base of the colony. J l:e
branches reach a length of 29 mm. Stem and branches he m
one plane The stem is divided into regular mternodes

Fig ].-Ser(,</ayrna columnaria, sp. nov. Portion of branch with hydrothec«, x 19.

separated by oblique joints which slope successively in oppo-
site directions. Each internode bears a hydrotheca or a
hydrotheca and a branch. The stem gives rise regularly to a
bi-anch and two hydrothecae on one side, and one hydrotheca on
the other. The branches are alternate, and spring, with a
long internode, from directly beneath a hydrotheca. They are
sli-htly constricted at t,heir origin. In the branches the nodes
nmy become obscured, although a constriction immediately
distal to a hydrotheca geuerally indicates their position.

294 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Tlie liydrotliecte lie towards the distal ends of tlie intei'iiodes
and ai-e reniai-kable for tlieir lat-ge size and for tlie leni^tli of
tlie free portion. Tliey are distant, tubular, smooth and curved
outwards. The margin of tlie hydrotheca is divided into three
teeth, one adcHiiline, central and y)rojeetiiig', the others form-
ing an abcauline lateral pair. The teeth are separated by
deep embayments. The cavity of the hj'drotheca is only
partially cut off from that of the stem by the free end of the
adcauline wall, which bends sharply towards the interior of
the hydrotheca, forming a ledge at its base. There is a
tendency to regeneration of the hydrothecas, many of the mar-
gins being repeated twice or thrice. The colour of the colony
is light fawn.

G 0)10801)1 e. — Unknown.
Ih'))ie))!^io)i>i : —

Stem internode, length ... ... ... 1'04-1'16 mm.

Stem internode, diameter ... ... 0"4!0-0"48 mm.

Branch intei'iiode, length ... ... 0"73-0'87 mm.

Branch internode, diameter ... ... 035-0"38 mm.

Hydrotheca, length adnate ... ... 0"64-0"70 mm.

Hydrotheca, length free ... ... ... 0"70-0"76 mm.

Hydrotheca, diameter at mouth ... ... 0'50-0"53 mm.

The present form has only three teeth, and belongs to the
Johnstoni — group of Hartlaub.

Tupe Sj>ci')ii)i')i. — In the Australian Museum, Sydne}'.

Genus Thuiakia, FlriiiiiKj.

Thuiaria SINUOSA, Jlidr.

(Plate .XXV.. fig. 1.)

Thiiliiriii !<)in(ii.<i(, Bale, Proc. liinn. Soc. N. S. Wales, (2), iii.,
l88cS, p. 772, pi. xviii., figs. 9, 10. hi, Ritchie, I\lein.
Austr. Mus., iv., 16, 1911, p. S44, pi. l.v.xxv., tig. k

Several specimens referable in this species ai'e attachoil to
Polyzoon ci'usts by a series of tine stolonal tubes. The
colonies attain a height of iHo cm., and have a diameter of
3 mm. at the base. The stem is straight and polysi]dionic,

TARMANIAN IlYHUiiZOA — ItliKKiS. 295

the fasciclcMl strucfiwe btMiisr cont iinicd io witliin IT) cm. of
tlie distal extremity. The iascicled poi-ticn of Ixiili I lie stem
and bi-aiiehes is composed of a series of tiihes \vi(li vciv iliick
bi'Owii-C()h)iii'ed walls, those towards the interior possessing-
much tliicker walls than those on the extei'ior of the colony.
In cross section the tubes aie compi'essed and almost cicsccntic
in outline.

(hniOKdnic. — Tlie colonies are mature; the o-onan^i;! Ijciny
borne in i-ows along the fi'ont of the pinna\ to which they are
attached b\- a short stalk wliicli springs from the side of each
gona.nginm about 0"17 mm. from its lower end. '^J'hey ai'e
obovate bodies with seven or eight distinct transveise annula-
tions. The aperture is large with an elevated nnirgin ; the
neck being armed with several cui'ved, spine-like teeth, which
pi'oject inward and sliglitly upward toward the centre of the
aperture.

Stem, diameter of cladate tube ... ... 0"54 mm.

Pinna, length ... ... ... ... up to 48 mm.

Pinna, diameter (including hydi'otheca^) ... O^T-O^SO mm.

Hydrotheca, length ... ... ... 0'61-0"64 mm.

Hydrotlieca, greatest diameter ... ... 012-0-15 mm.

Gonangium, lengtli ... ... ... 1'41-153 mm.

Gonangium, greatest diameter ... ... 0*68-0'75 mm.

Dislribufioii. — Hitherto I'ecorded only from I'ort Molle,
Queensland (Bale) ; Station 54, within Jervis Bay, New
South Wales, 10-11 fathoms (Ritchie).

Genus Sertularia, Liinnvnx.

SeRTL'LARIA OPERCDLATA, Llllllil'ii.S.

Sertnhd-'in niiercuhda, Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, 1758, p. 808.
/-/., Hincks, Brit. Hydroid Zoophytes, 1868, p. 26S, pi.
liv. /'/., Bale, Cat. Austr. Hydroid Zoopliytes, 1884, p.
67, pi. vi., fig. 1, j)l. xix., fig. 3. Id., Nutting, Amei'ican
Hydroids, pt. ii., — Sertiilai'ida^, 1904, p. 54, ])1. ii., figs.
3-5. hi, Bartlett, Geelong Natuiulist Vict., iii., 4, 1907,
p. 60. hi, Wai-ren, Anji. Natal Govt. Mas., i., 3, 1908,
p. 305.

296 RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Serti(h(rlii n.-^iifoides, Pallas, Elenclms Zoopliytorum, 1766, p.

132.
Di/iiKiiieini nperciilKtii, Esper, Die Pflaiizentliiere, iii., 1788-1830,

p. 191.
Niijelhtfitniiii iisiiedidf'^, Oken, Lelirbncli der Naturgescliiclite,

pt. 3, 1815, p. 93.
Aiiipliislx'tlu (iperciiliifii, L. Agassiz, Coiit. Nat. Hist. U.S., iv.,

186-2, p. 355.
Dilinoiii'Hti fii^ririilntd, Kii'C'lieiipaiier, Neue Sei'tulai'ideii, lS63,

p. vi:

Sertnliin'ii rr/i/Zx, Allniaii, Journ. Limi. Soc, xix., l8lSo, p.
139, pi. xiv., Hgs. 1-2.
This widely distributed epizoic species is represented in the
collection by several specimens, wliicli occur on tlie bare
horny axis of an Alcyonarian. Tiiey ai'e tirnily attached by a
hydrorhiza in the form of a feltwork.

JJii)ie)isioii,^ : —

Hydrorhiza, diameter ... ... ... 0'22-028 mm.

Stem, diameter... ... ... ... 022-0-26 mm.

Hydrotlieca, length of external profile ... 0"36-0"38 mm.

Hydrotheca, diameter ... ... ... 0'12-014' mm.

Gonangium, length ... ... ... r53-l'57 mm.

Gonangiuni, diameter ... ... ... 0"52-0'6J- mm.

Distrihntioii. — Pi'eviously recoi'ded from Arctic Atlantic
(Bonnevie) ; Denmark (Winther); British Coasts (Hincks) ;
Belgium (Van Beneden) ; Azores (Aliman) ; Africa (Busk,
Warren) ; Australia (Bale, Bartlett) ; New Zealand (Thom-
son, AUmau) ; Straits of Magellan (Nutting).

Family PLUMULARID.^.

Genus Hai,icornopsis, Jiale.

HaI.K'ORNOPSIS EliEOANS (Livtiarck).

I'l iiiiinliiriii rlrijiiii^, lianiai-(;k, .Aiiiin. sans V^ert., ii., 1816, p. 129.

AijI'iopln'ti'ut eli'(ji(n^, Laiuouroux, Hist. Polyp. Cor. Flex., 1816,
p. 169; /(/., Lamouroux, Fiicyclop. Mcth., Zooj)li., 1824,
p. 16.

A'll'iiijilii-iiiii (iririiliin'ti, Kirchenpauer, Abli. Nat. Ver. llainburg,
v., 1872, p. 33, pis. i. and iii., fig. 3.

TASMANIAN- HYDROZOA— Bl^lOOS. 2f^7

7fa//.>.n..v-s/s .n-ir.hu-i.. Hale, .loun.. Miovo. Sue Vi.-t., ii.,
1881 ]. 26, pi. xiii., fig. 3 ; /</., Bale, Cat. Austr.
Hvdroia Zoophytes, 1884, p. 185, pi. x. tigs. 1, 2 pi.
xix tig 32 • /(/., Bale, TraiiH. and Proc. Roy. feoc. Vict.,
xxiii., 1887, pp. 90, lOl. /'/., Ma.ktannei-Tnn.eretscl.er,
Ann.K. K. Hofnius. Wien, v., 1890, p. 279.
]~,l,lo,,lou rosfn,t>n., Alhnan, Hep. Sci. Results "Challenger"
■■ Kxpeil., Zool., vii., 188H, p. 54, pi. xix., tigs. 1-3.

Halironnr^ls .h'.,a»s. Billard, Ann. Sci. Nat., ^^'^l-;. (9)' ^;;'
1907 p 328 ; /</., Billard, Conip. Rendu., cxlvii., 1908,
p 940- /./, Billard, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (9), ix., 1909,
p' 329- i.?., Billard, IhUJ., (9), xi., 1910, p. 44. ]<l
Ritchie, Mem. Austr. Mus., iv., 16, 1911, p. 85o, pi.
Ixxxix., tig. 1. Id., Bale, Biological Results "Endeavour,
ii., 1, 1914, p. 56.
This species was recorded from Tasmania as far back as
1872 by Kirchenpauer under the name of A,jhn,^,h,',na
avicularig.

The present specimen is evidently only the terminal portion
of a large colony. There is a considerable amount of variation
in the length of the hydroclade-bearing mtei'nodes as the
following measurements show.

Diineii^ioiis : —

Hvdroclade-bearing interiiode (single one),

•^ 1 ,1 0-45-0-64 mm.

length

Hydrociade-bearing iuternode (double one),

•' , ,1, 0-92-1-15 mm.

lengtli

Hydroclade-bearing internode, diameter ... 0-29-0-36 mm.

Hydroclade internode, length 0-35-0-42 mm.

Hvdroclade internode, diameter ... ... 012-015 mm.

IT J i\ ^„ rio,.fi. 0-28-0-29 mm.

Hydrotheca, oeptli .. ... ^

Hydrotheca, diameter at mouth (lateral aspect) 0-26-0-29 mm.
Hydrotheca, diameter at mouth (frontal aspect) 0-36-0-38 mm.

])l-<trll>»ti<ni. Previously recorded from Indian Ocean

(Lamouioux) ; Hobart, Tasmania; Bass Strait (Kirchen-
pauer)- Griffith Point, Portland, Queenscliff, Victoria (Bale);
Station' 161, off Port Phillip, Victoria, 38 fathoms (All man) ;
Victorian Coast (Marktanner-Turneretscher) ; Station 36, off

29S RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Botany Bay, New South Wales, 28-20 fathoms ; Station 4>^,
off VVolU)ii.c:oiio', New Sontli Wales, 55-56 fathoms (Ritchie) ;
Great Australian Bight, 40-100 fathoms (Bale).

Genus Halicoknahia, Jiusl-.

Halicoknaria furcata, ]lale,

rar. inter.media. Utile.

(Plate XXV., fig. 3.)

H<iVu-i>niiirii( iiifprnietVni, Bale, Biological Results "P^ixlea voui',"
ii., 1, 1914, p. 53, pi. v., fig. 2, pi. vii., figs. 3, 4. (Not
Jlalirunutrin iiiteniit^dia, Billard, Les Hydroides de 1'
Expedition du Siboga, i., Plumulaiiidfp, 1913, p. 65, pi.
iv., fig. 37).

JLilifunnifi'i fiirc(if'(, Bale, var. 1 iiti-ruiriVin, Bale, Biological
Results " Endeavour," ii., 1, 1914, Addendum, p. 1.

Two monosiphonic, dichotomously branched colonies were
found associated vv-ith Aijhioiihenla fKsiuiiiiic", Bale. The
larger specimen attains a height of 11-5 cm., with a diameter
of 1'5 mm. at the base.

] h ii/en-'fioii'i : —

Hvdrochide-bciiring iiiternode, length ... 0-78-0-87 mm.

Hydroclaile-bearing internode, diameter ... 0-56-0"66 mm.

Hydroclade internode, length ... ... 0-40-0-42 mm.

Hydroclade internode, diameter ... ... 0-29-0-30 mm.

Hydrotheca, depth« ... ... ... 0-27-0-29 mm.

Hydrotheca, breadth^ ... ... ... 0-19-0-21 mm.

Hydrotheca, length of free portion of mesial

sai'cotheca... .. .. ... 0-07-010 mm.

llhtrihiirum. — Tliis variety has l)een recorded only from
Oyster Bay, Tasmania, 20 fathoms (Bale).

Baleoi'iginally ranked this variety as a spe(;ies, the sti-uctural
details of which appeared to fall between II . fidr'it'i nwd II.
hailei/i. At the same time he pointed out tlmt it may luive to
be (/hissed ultimately as a variety of //. fiirr,it>i. In the
"Report on the Plumulaiiiche of the Siboga Expedition"

" Measured from aptu'ture t«i base alun^ Idii-jt axis of liy<h-othecjv.
" At right an<;les to depth.

TASMANIAN HYPROZOA BRIOGS.

299

Dr. Billard'^ 1ms used tlie specific name "■ ivtervit^Jin'''' for a
sj)ecies of HdlicoiiKirin. On account of the s])ecific name
" iitteniiedia " being tlius preoccupied, Bale, in an Addendum
to tlie Keport on tlie "Kndeavour" Hydroida, reduces liis
species to varietal rank. He wiites: — "This species (I.p.JI.
I'literDieiUa, Bale), howevei-, was a veiT doubtful one, and in
preference to establishing another specific name, I pio])ose to
retain the name iviermedin, but treating the Hydroid as a
variety of Jl. fnrcttfn, until more is known of the affinities of
the two forms." The Siboga Re])ort is dated 1918. Bale's
paper was published on tlie 2nd January, 1914.

For comparison I append the dimensions of 7/. furrnhi
deduced from Bale's figuies,^ and the measurements given by
Ritchie^^ for the specimens of H. furcdfa obtained by the
'• Thetis."

Dlnie)islo»s i)i ))i))i : —

• Bale's Figures

"Thetis"

Organs.

of

Specimens of

H. /areata.

H. furcata.

■

Hydroclade - bearing inter-
node, length

0-74-0-78.

Hydroclade - bearing inter-
node, diameter

_

0-49-0 -56.

Hydroclade internode, length

0-32-0-34.

0-33-0-36.

Hydroclade internode, diam-
eter

0-30.

0-21-0-25.

Hydrotheca, depth ...

0-22-0-23.

0-21.

Hydro tlieca, breadth

0-18-0-19.

0-18-0-20.

Hydrotheca, length of free
portion of mesial sarco-
theca

0-06-0 -08.

0 05-0 -13.

** BiUard — Les Hydi-oides de 1' Expedition du Siboga, i., Plumulariidte,
1913, p. 65.

9 Bale— Cat. Austr. Hydroid Zoophytes, 1884, p. 178, pi. xiii., fig. 3,
pi. xvi.. fig. 5 ; Trans, and Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., xxiii., 1887, p. 101;
Biological Report "Endeavour," ii., 1, 1914, p. 53, pi. v., fig. 2, pi. vii.,
figs. 3, 4.

10 Ritchie— Mem. Austr. Mus.,iv., 16, 1911, p. 857, pi. lxxxvi.,figs. 2,3.

300

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Gemis AoLAOPHENiA, L((iiWHroii:i'.

AOLAOPHENIA DECUMTiENS, Bale.

Ai/hi(ijih('iii(i (leciniiheiis, Bale, Biological Results "Endeavour,"
ii., 1, 1914, p. 48, pi. iv., fig. 4, pi. vi., fig. 6.

Only a simple, pinnate, unbi-anclied fragment of a colony
was found. Tlie branch is weakly fascicled, and readies a
length of 4 cm. The minute characters of the liydrotheca^
agree with Bale's description, except that the median anterior
tooth of the hydrotheca assumes a more upright position than
that figured (PI. iv., fig. 4). Bale, howevei", noies (hat " in
some parts of the colony the antei-ior teeth of the hydrothece
are without the chai-acteristic outward l)end."

Vi'vieitsiuiiff : —

Hydroclade-bearing interiiode, lengtli ... 0'42-0'45 mm.

Hydroclade-bearing intei-node, diameter ... 0"21-0"24 mm.

Ilydi'oclade internode, length ... .. 0'38-0-43 mm.

Hydroclade internode, diameter ... .. O'08-O'IO mm.

Hydrotheca, depth ... ... ... 0"36-0'38 mm.

Hydrotheca, breadth at ninntl|i' ... ... O-lS-O'lT mm.

Distriliiitidii. — llitlierto I'ecorded onlv frojn Bass Strait
(Bale).

AiiI,.\iil'llKNIA TAS.MAXKW, H'llf.

(Plate xx\'\.)

A'/I'iitjiliriiin hif<iiniiiii-((, ]h\\t\ Biologit'al Results " Mndeavour,"
ii., 1, 1914, p. 37, pi. iii., tig. 2. pi. vi., tiir. 2.

" Distance from posterior wall to anterior tooth.

TASMANIAN HYl>KOZOA HlUiidS. 301

Tlie oci'urreTice in the collection oF sevei-al specimens of
AiiJin>iiliciiiii fi(.<:iiiiiiilrii, with male corbiiljie, is of interest, since
tlie female coi-bulft? only were known. Tlie lai'gest sfjecimen,
40 em. in liei<^lit, spiinys fi-om a dense mass of liydi-orlii/.al
filaments, and divides immediately into three main stems, two
of which aie bi-oken oft". The remaininji;' stem bears branches
mostly in opposite pairs, both series in one [)lane and all facing
one way.

(Joiiosoiin-. — Gonangial pinnsf general I}- in paii'S, with the
first five internodes bearing saj'cothecfe only. Coi'bula (male)
long. Consisting of np to about twenty-four pairs of alternate
ribs, springing from separate intei-nodes of the lachis as nar-
row pinnules, but expanding above into broad leaflets. Foi'
most of its length the corbula is closed ; towards the distal
part, however, the main leaflets become shortened and finally
separate, till at the end they are abbreviated close down to tlie
latei'al spurs. The latter project outward and forward fi'om
the distal edge of each lib just above its origin, bearing two
series of sarcothecfe (up to four or five on each side), but no
hydrotheca?.

The male corbula? of A. fituriKdiicK, are as Bale described
them in ^-1. diDiiiei'lyi^'^ and A. nmcrocarpa,^'^ i.e. with the leaflets
abbreviated and separated at the end of the corbula. In the
female corbulje of A.ti(!<ii(inilc(<,i\\e ci-ests are most luxuriantly
develo[)ed, and the contrast between tlie female and the pres-
ent male form is greater than that which exists between the
male and female corbula? of A. hillardi .^'^ Bale has already
recognised an instance of sexual dimorphism in the corbulse of
A. hillardi, in which those of the male are closed throughout,
and not at all different at the distal end, which is like the rest
up to the blunt tei'mination.

12 Bale — Biological Results " Endeavom-," ii., 1, 1914, p. 41, pi. iii.,
fig. 4, pi. vi., fig. 4.

13 Bale— Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, (2), iii., 1888, p. 791, pi. xxi.,
figs. 3, 4.

1^ Bale — Biological Results " Endeavour," ii., 1, 1914, p. 33, pi. iii.,
fig. 3, pi. iv., fig. 3.

302

RECORDS iiK THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

Siiiiilaf iiistniiees of the open male corhula, as in .1. tii^mait-
ii'it, and ^l. ditinieriijl, are described by Tony and Miss Ami
Martinis Jn tbeir paper on " Sexual Dimorphism in Aglao-
j)lienia."

Hydroclade-beai-ing intei'iiode, lengtli
Hydroclade-bearing internode, diameter
Hydroclade internode, length
Hydroclade internode, diameter
Hydrotheca, depth
Hydrotheca, bi-eadth at nn:)utlii*' ...
Corbula, length
Corbula, diameter

0-8S-0-42 mm.
0 ■i2-0-43 mm.
0-39-0-42 mm.
0-19-0-21 mm.
0-35-0-38 mm.
0-19-0-21 mm.
np to 11 mm.
1 mm.

J)isfrilttffiiiH. — Hitherto recoi'ded only from Ovster Bay,
Tasmania, 20 fathoms (Bale).

15 Torry and Ann Martin — Publ. Univ. California, Zoology, iii., 4,
]906, pp. 4.7-52.

Distance from posterior wall to anterior tooth.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV.

Tasmaiiiaii Hydrozua.

Fig. 1. — Tliniiirla .•<iiiin>.-i(i, Bale. Pliotograpli of a .specimen
18"5 cii). ill lieiglit, from seven miles east of Cape
Pillar, Tasmania, 100 fatlioms.

Fig. 2. — Sertuliirelht inlprrffsa, Ritcliie. Pliotogi-aph of a
specimen 1*2"5 cm. in lieiglit, fi'om seven miles east
of Cape Pillar, Tasmania, 100 fatlioms.

Fig. 3. — Hi(Iifoniiiri'<( finratii, Bale, var. inteniiedia, liale.
Pliotograpli of a specimen 11"5 cm. in height, from
seven miles east of Cape Pillar, Tasmania, 100
fathoms.

REC. AUSTH. MI'S., VOL. X.

ri.ATE A.\\

'^n'Kft

C. Glutton, Austr. Mus., photo.

EXPI-ANATION OF PLATE XXVI.

Tasmanian Hydrozoa.

Aylaophcuia tasmardca, Bale. Phofcogi-aph of a specimen -AO
cm. ill lieiglit, from seven miles east of Cape Pillar,
Tasmania, 100 fathoms.

REC. AUSTR. MUS., VOL. \.

C. Cldtto^, Austr, Mus., photo.

NDEX.

PAGE

abori/oiiiiis^, Cryptolaria... 289

AcANTHiui.us bJoAnvillei

105, 108, 109

maindroni ... ... 108

murnnii ... ... 109

sp. .' 1U7, 109

acantliurus, Vakanus ... 19

ACLADOCKICUS, Sp. ... ... 123

«c(imina<a, Epkika... ... 11

acnminatns, Aranehs ... 11

(Ki^j/-e«S(<, Skrtularklla ... 291

ie(/iecei(, Akuyope ... ... 10

wtherea, Epbira ... ... 10

offinis, Ttphlops ... ... 18

Aganippk bedaniJi ... ... 199

sp 19-4, 199

Agastrophus, sp. ... ... 152

Aglaofhenia aviculans ... 296

billai-ili ... ... 301

daniievigi ... ... 301

decumbens ... ... 300

elegans ... ... 296

mocrocarpa ... ... 301

sp 300

tasmanica ... 285, 300

alticeps, Linus ... ... 14

Amastigogoncs, sp. ... 152

tasmaniaaus... ... 153

Amphisbetia operculala ... 296

Amyeus )iiicanoides ... H
analis, DiNKMATOCRiCUS 107, 131

Anamk bicolor ... ... 233

? IHilVuht ... 232,194.

sp 232

unjidatuDi, Cyliosoma ... 85

aH(jHlatuni, Sph^rothium 77

Anidiops, sp. ... ... 194

Anoplodesmus, sp. ... 93

Aranka regia ... ... 13

venatoria ... ... 13

Araneus acntnlnatus ... 11

lufjubris ... ... 11

sp 11

theis ... ... ... 11

page
210
213
209
159
1
1, 10
10

ARBMJlTlfifuScipeS...

longipes

sp

Archklon, sp.

ARCHISOMETRUS lJCl\fidll.S .

Argiope leopardino,
picl(i ...

*T

cethei'ca
Argyope picta

principalis ...
Argyrodes, sp.

wallwri
Argyroepkira cclebeslana

tjralo, ...
Arthrosph^ra, sp.
AsTACiis learhii
Athabius, sp.

whitmei
Athax fonnidabiUs

modesta

robustus

sp.

versuta
aurea, Hyla...
anrnm, Liobunum ...
aussereri, Encyocrypta ..
aiistralasice, Hormuruh ..
Australian Meteorites, Cat-
alogue and Bibliography

of 55

AusTRALiO.SOMA bifcilcatum 91
(Australiosoma) Deila-

DOSOMA etjieridgei 95, 103
AusTRALiosoMA et]ierid(jei 91, 102

froggatli 90, 95, 101

Jcosciiiscoi-agum ... 91

Icosciuslcovagtaa ... 100

rainbow i "... 89, 96, 97

sp 89

transverse - Iwniatum

91, 93
axstraUs, Casuakiu.s
anstralis, Gehyra ...
auslralis, Psbudechis
aviculans, Aglaophbnia ..
avicidaris, Halicornopsis

10

10

10

10

8

8

9

9

... 79

... 272

... 15

... 15

252, 255

... 252

... 252

... 252

252, 253

... 30

2

... 227

2

39

18

18

296

297

304

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEDM.

AzTQOPLON rostfatum

B

baileyi, Halicornaria
bancrofti, Blakistonia ...
Bathippus macfoprotoinis...

sp.
Batbachia, sp.

fcerlaiuii, Aganippk

Bibliography and Catalogue
of Australian Meteorites
hlbronii, Limnodtnastks ...

hicolor, Anamb

bi/alcatum, Australiosoma
bifalcatum, Eustbongylos-

OMA

billarcU, Aglaophbnia
BiNDA Meteorite ...
bipaftitiim, Sponoophyllum
bitoyquatus, Hoplocbphalus
blainvillei, Acanthidlus

108,
Blakistonia bancrofti

sp 194

Blanidlus, sp.
boiUoni, Cbyptoblephabus
bradleyi, Missulkna
brevipalmatus, Phractops
brei'ipes, Phractops
broomii, Ixamatus...
bulbiferus, Spirostrophus
bunietticus, Tbigoniulus...
burtoni, Lialis

C

page
297

PAGE
39

45
45
43

298

203

15

15

17

199

55

25

233

91

90

301

49

37

18

105,

109

203

,202

152

18

268

22

22

236

118

116

18

Calathotarsus, sp. ... 188

CAMPANUiiARiA tridentuta 288

Carbtta caretta ... ... 162

caretta, Cabbtta 162

Carbtta, sp. ... ... 160

cai-inatas, Dinbmatocricus 123,
106, 141
carinatus, Spikobolus

(Rhinocbicds) ... 141

carpentarice, DamsotJix ... 18

Cabbhotus oscitaus ... 15

sp. ... ... ... 15

Cartanopermi'm, s^i. ... 42

Casuabids australis

galeatus

Johnsonii

johnsoni ... 41

Catalogue and Bibliography

of Australian Meteorites
Cataxia maculata ...

sp

caiidatus, Khinocbicus ...
celebesiana, Abgyboepbiba
celebesiana, Leucauge
celcbesiayia, Tetragnatha
cerfeecea, Hadroncyche ...
Charon grayi

sp- •■•.

Chblonb mneiceps ...

mydas
Chblonia depressa ...

ynydas

sp

Chbnistonia gii-miUi

hoggi

maculata
major

sp

teppen

Chilognatha, sp. ...

Chionb oiesotiesoia ...

chrysodirus, Spirostrophus

(? Cladiscocricus) Dinb-
matocricus consimilis

(Cladiscocricus) Dinbma-
tocricus/a?ca<us 123, 124

(Cladiscocricus) Dinbma-
tocricus falcatus SCO-
binula ...

Cladiscocbicus, sp.

coccinea, Epbira

Colpochelys kempii

coin m na ria , Sertul arbll A

comma, Tbigoniulus

concolor (var.) scintillans,
Qastebacantha

consimdis, Dinematocbicus

consimilis, Dinematocbicus
(? Cladiscocricus) . . .

Cosmophasis micarioides ...

223

222

123

9

9

9

... 184
.. 168

159, 168

160, 164
... 167
240, 243
239, 240

... 239
... 239
... 239
... 239
... 77
... 292
117

128

106
123
9
159
293
116

12
107

sp

Obigoniulus Bi.ai.n'villei,

»p

criiiis, Sebtiilakia

128
14
14

109
296

INDKX.

305

n-venlaltis, Spirostrophu
Crtptoblepharus boutoui

gi-eyi

Cryptolakia arbofiformis

ci-aerta

Si>

LMDieiceps, Chblonk
Cyclopsitta macleayana ..
cylindroides, Cyrtofhoka...
cylindroides, Epkira
Cyliosoma iDKjulalHui

l>e)iritbensis ...

queenslandia; 78,

sennxe...

sp

striolatu)n
targionii ... 80,
unicolor
Cybtophora cylindroides ..

PAUK

8 118

18

18

289

. 290

. 289

. 184

47

10

10

. 85

85

80, 86

80, 88

77

80

83,87

80, 84

10

10

24

sp

Cystignathus dorsalis

D

dannevigi, Aglaophbnia ... 301
decorata, Meta ... ... 9

decumbens, Aglaophenia... 300

DeILADOSOMA (AuSTRALlO-

soma) etheridgei 95, 103

Dekana, sp ... ... 248

delaciji, Zbphronia ... 80

Demansia textilia ... ... 18

Denisonia carpentarice ... 18
nigrescetis ... ... 18

dentatus, Spirobolus 108, 109
depressa, Chklonia 159, 168

Desis, sp. ... ... ... 14

vorax ... ... ... 14

Dicladosoma, sp. ... ... 89

digitudiis, Spikostrophus 105
digituliis, Spieostrophus

113,145
diloris, Hasarius ... ... 16

diloris, SiGYTES ... ... 16

DiMBROGONUS OCOp/ftfus ... 152

sp ... 152

Dinematocricus analis 107, 131
carinatas 106, 123, 141

(? Cladiscocricds)
consimilis ... ... 128

(Cladiscocbicus)
falcatus 123, 124

(Cladircocrious)
falcatus scobinida,
consimilis
disjunctus
falcat as
fancium
kolosericeus
lanceolatii.s

sp.

106
... 107
107, 134
... 123
107,129
107, 123, 139
106, 122,
135,136
122. 131
18

DiPLODACTYLUS tcetiiocauda
disjunchis, Dinematocricus

107, 134
distinctiis, Ixamatus ... 237

divaricata var. dubia Ser-

tulabblla ... ... 291

divaricata, Sertularella 291
(Jii'ancairt, Sertularia ... 291
divaricata var. subdicholoma,

Sertularella ... 291
docsaZis, Cystignathus ... 24
dorsalis var. diimerilii, LiM-

NODYNASTBS 17, 23, 26, 33

dorsatis var. interioris, LiM-

NODYNASTE8 ... 23,33

dorsalis, LiMNODYNASTES

17, 24. 26
dorsalis var. typica, LlM-

NODYNASTE8 23, 24, 33

dorsalis, Waqleria ... 26

dubia (var.) divaricata, Ser-
tularella ... ... 291

dumerilii (var.) dorsalis, Lim-

nodynastes 17, 23, 26, 33

dumerilii, Limnodynastes

(Platyplbctron) ... 26

Dynamena /asciculdia ... 296
operculaAa ... ... 296

E

elegans, Aglaophenia ... 296

elegans, Halicornopsis ... 296

elegans, Plumularia ... 296

Encyocrypta aussereri ... 227

fuliginata ... ... 226

'fusca 226

reticulata ... ... 227

sp 226

Encyocyta ?/«sca ... ... 226

306

RHCOKDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

PAGE

Enoploclttia leachii ... 273

sp. ... ... 271

terra-vegincB ... ... 273

ventricosa ... ... 273

eiion/ie, Spongophyllum ... 35

VjPEI'&a acuniinvta ... ... 11

oetherea ... ... 10

coccinea ... ... 9

cylindroides ... ... 10

grata... ... ... 9

iiidagatrix ... ... 11

lugubiis ... ... 11

macnlala, ... ... 9

moyiigareva ... ... 11

nephilina ... ... 10

theis ... ... ... 11

viridipes ... ... 10

Epitkigoniolus, sp. ... 10!)

Erktmochelys imbricata... 162
etheridgei, Australiosoma

91, 102
etheridgei, (Australiosoma)

Dkilauosoma ... 95, 103

EuCENTROBOLDS tamulus... 108

Edctimkna, sp. ... ... 248

tibialis ... ... 249

EUOPLCEA, sp. 217

EuoPLOS, sp. ... ... 217

spinnipcs ... ... 219

'Exj'RYA'V'rvH )iigrive)itris ... 16

sp. ... ... ... 16

EusTiROGNATHUS oscitans 15

EtJSTRONGYLOSOMA bifalcatum 90

fascia turn ... ... 92

"sp 92

transverse-fascintuni 90

cj;sc/-<o, Crvptolaria ... 290
exserta, Perisiphonia 285, 290

F

faclum, DlNKMATOCRICUS ... 129

falcalas, Dinediatocricus 123
falcatas, Dinematocricus

(Cladisoockicus) 123, 124

falcatus, RHINOCRICU8 ... 124
falcatus scuhiinil.a, Dinema-

tocbicus(Clauiscocri-

cus ... ... ... 106

fasciatam, Eustrongvlo-

SOMA ... ... ... 92

fasciat^lm, Strongylosoma 93

fasciculata, Dtnamena
fasciolatum, Lygosoma

(Hinulia)
faucium, Dinematocricub
Fecenia oblonga

PAGE

296

sp.

18
107
7
7
... 131
... '290
... 286
252, 255

fenicheli, Spirobolus
jilicula, Perisiphonia
fiexile, Halbcium ...
formidabilis, Atrax
fragile, (Ly'gosoma)

Ehodona ... ... 18

freycineti, Hy'la ... ... 21

froggatti, Australiosoma

90, 95, 101
fidiginata, Enctocrypta ... 226
f areata, Halicornakia
furcata, var. intermedia

Halicornaria
fusca, Encyocryta ?
fusca, Idiomjiata ...
fnscipes, Arbanitis

298

298
226
226
210

G

194,

Gaius, sp.

villosiis
galeatus, Casuarius
garetti, Hasarius ...
Gasteracantha metallica 1

sciutillans

scintillans, var. con-
color

signi/er

Si'

Gehyra austraUs ...
giganteum, Spongophyi.LUM
giraulti, Chenistonia 24'0,
Glyphiulus, sp.
f/raciic, Halecium ...
(//■((iih's. Pyrchia ...
grata. Argvrukpeika
grata, Epkira
grata, Leucauge ...
gratji, Charon
;yr((;/i, Heliorana ...
gragi, Phrynus
gregorii, IxMiAivH ...
grcyi, Cbyptoblepharus ...
Gymnodactylus miliusii ...

195

195

45

16

, 12

12

12

12

12

18

37

243

152

287

13

9

9

9

2

26
2

236
18
18

INDEX.

307

H

TIadkonyche rerherfd

»•(•'

Halkcium _//e.vi7f

grdfile
parndum

sp

FTalicornaria ?)<fi?f!/(

/areata

J'id-cata, var. inter-
media

inteftnedia ...
sp. ...
n ALICORNOPSIS frcicii/Ki'is
elegnns

''P

Hapai.othble, sp. ...
Hasariiis diloris ...

(jarettl

nigriventrh ...

sp

Hkliorana grayi ...

snperciUarifi...

Hkteboimigas, sp. ...

Heteropoda reijia...

sp.

vena tori a
(Hindlia) Ltgosoima

fasciolatum
hnggi, Chbnistonia
ho'losericens, Dinkmaio-

CRicus ... 107, 11':^, 1 HI)
HoMOGONA puJb'iiiei ... 190

sp 188,189

HoPiiOCKPHALUS bitorijiiafiix 18
HoRMURUS aiistralasiie ... 2

. 2.j2

2012

,. 28()

,. 287

.. 287

. . 28B

29S

298

.. 298

.. 298

.. 298

297

.. 296

.. 296

... 236

16

... 16

16

16

26

26

. . . 1 88

l:i

18
2:!9. 2 l<)

Hyla aurea ...
freycineti
lutopabnata
rubella.

Idioctis ornata

sp- V

Idiommata /used ...

Idiosoma, sp.
imhricata, Eretmochklys
indagatriv, Epeira ...
mnotatum, Poltdesmus
(Strongylosoma)

21

.17,20

22

230
230
226
191
162
11

iiisnlaris, Stypiilopis
iiiterioris (vai'.) (?o,-.s-((/is,

LlMNODYNASTKS

intermedia, (var.) fnrrala

Halicornarta
intermedia, Halicornakia
IXALUS, sp. ...
IXAMATUS hroomii ...

distiactus

qregorii

H^-' ^

johnsoni, Casuarius
Johnsonii, Casuarius
Jnlmstoni, Sertularella.
Johnstoni, Sertularia
JuLUS Blainvili-ei, sp. .

PAGE
6

i3, 33

298
298
236
236
237
236
5, 236
235

41,43
45
. 292
. 292
. 109

90

K

kempii, Colpochelys ... 159

/.•eiiiiriT, Lepidochelys ... 166
Kings Island Sand-rock 275
ki>!iritiskovagnm, Aus'J'RALi-

osoma 91, 100

Innthi, Spongophyllum ... 37

Lacertilia, sp. ... ... 18

lanceolatus, Dinbjiatocri-

cus 106, 122, 135, 136

Laomkdea simplex ... ... 288

hitopulmcda, Hyla... 17, 20

lalopalmata,LiTORiA ... 20

/eac/u'i, AsTACUS 272

7«'rtc/(u, Enoploclytia ... 273
(Leiolkpisma) Lygosoma

■mundum ... ... 18

(Leiolkpisma) Lygosoma

peronii ... ... ... 18

Jeiosoiiunn, Sph.erotherium 80
leopiardina, Argiope ... 1, 10

leopardina, Argyopk ... 10

Lkpidochelys l-empii ... 166

olivaeeus ... ... 166

Lkptodesmus, sp. ... ... 93

Lkucauge celebesiaua ... 9

grata ... ... 9

sp 9

308

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

PAOK

LiiAL.iS hurtoni ... ... 18

UbidinosuDi, Sph.erothekium 79
LlMNODYNASTKS bibronU ... 25

dorsalis ... 17, 24,

26

dnrsalis, var. dnnier-

ilii ... 17, 23, 26

,33

dorsalis, vai*. interi-

oris ... ... 23

,33

dorsalis, var. tiipicn

23.

24.

33

peronii

17

(Plattplkctbom)

dutnerilii

26

tasmaniensis...

17

Linus alticeps

sp

LiOBUNUM aurum ...

14

14

2

sp.
LiTORiA latopalmata

2

20

longipes, Arbanitis

213

lugubri$, A-RANKva ...

11

lugubris, Epkira ...

11

Lygosoma (Hinui-ia) I'asci-

ohilinn ...

18

Leiolkpisma mvn-

dum

18

(Leioi.kfisuk) peronii

18

(Rhodona) fragile...

IS

M

macilent us, OxYOVES ... 14

macleay ana, Cyclofsitt A ... 47

macrocarpa, Aglaophknia 301

macroprotopus, Bathippus 15

maculata, Cataxia ... ... 223

jHaculafa, Chknistonia ... 239

maculata, Epkira ... ... 9

maculata, 'Nefhil A ... 1,9

luaindroni, Acanthiulus ... 108

major, Chbnistonia ... 239

mandibulata, TETRAQtiATHA 9

»ua?i3arera, Epkira... ... 11

Mkqalosara. sp. ... ... 205

villosa 206

Mhsockras, s/». ... ... 2

spiuigerttm ... ... 2

>ucsodes)ua, Chione.. ... 292

Mkta decorata ... ... 9

metallira, Gastekacantha 1. 12

Mbtkoritk, Hinda ... 49

Meteorites. Catalogue and
Bibliography of Aus-
tralian ...
micarioides, Amyecs
'tnicarioides, Cosmophasis
miliusii, Gymnodactylus...
MiOLANIA, sp.
Missulena bradleyi

sp

modesta, Atrax
montana, Poikilomorphia
moreaxii, Pseudatrax
mortonensis, Pseudechis ...
munduDi, Ltgoso»ia (Leio-

lepisma)
murrayi, Acanthidlus
mydas, Chelone

mydas, Chelonia

N

00

14

14

18

... 159

... 268

188, 267

... 252

265

261

18

18
... 109
... 168
160, 164

naresi, Spirostrophu.s

113

Natator, sp.

166

tessellatits

161

'Nevhila maculata...

1,9

Si'

9

nephilina, Epiera ...

10

Nigellastrum usneoides ...

296

nigrescens, Dbnisonia

18

nigriventris, Eoryattus ...

16

nigriceutris, Hasarius

16

NoTOTHERIUM, .S/). ...

275

novarrce, Polydesmus

(Strong ylosom a)

89

novarrce. Strong ylosom a,.

90

o

nhlonga, Fenecia ... ... 7

CEdura tryoni ... ... 18

oiicaceH,s, Lepiuochklys ... 166

Omphyma, sp. ... ... 37

operculata,, Amphisbetia ... 296

operculata, Dynamena ... 296

operculata, Sertulakia ... 295

Ophidia, .S|). ... ... ... 18

Opisthandria, A|i. ... ... 77

orientalis (var.l innictntus

Varams ... 17, 18

omata. Idioctis ... ... 230

ocop/n'his, Dimbbogoncs ... 152

oscitans, Cabrhotus ... 15

INDEX.

309

OScititUS, EuSTIKOONATHItS

OXYOPKS )iiacitentus

s/'

PAGK
15
14

14

pallida, Ai^AUE ... 194, 232

Paltstes sp. ... ... 13

speriosus ... ... 13

Pandanus, s/j. ... ... 42

Pandercetks, sp. ... ... 13

Vaiiascyphus si)iiple.r ... 288

l*\KASPlROBOLUS, S|». ... 119

l'.\KUALOTUs xanthopxnje

(xantliopijgias) ... 45

liiin-ulutn, Halecium ... 287

itenntliensis, Cyliosoma ... 85

perfidus, Archisometrus ... 1

Perisiphonia exserta 285, 290

lilicula 290

'sp 290

peronii, Limnodynastes ... 17
lieronii, Lygosoma (Lkio-

lkpisma) ... ... 18

Phlyctisoma, Sji. ... ... 273

Phractops brevipahitatits... 22

brevipes ... ... 22

phranus, Spirobolus ... 137

Phbynus grayi ... ... 2

picfa, Argiope ... ... 10

lilcta, Argyope ... ... 10

( Pl atyplkctron) Lim nod y-

NASTKS (InmeriUi ... 26

Platyplectrum superciliai-e 26

Plexippus, S2>. ... ... 15

stridulator ... ... 15

Plumularia elegaiis ... 296

PoiKiLOMORPHiA nwiitoiia 265

sp. ... ... ... 264

POLTBUNOLOBUS, Sp. 107, 109

POLYDESMUS (STRONG YLO-

soma) iniiotatum ... 90

(Stronqylosoma)

/(ora/TCE... ... ... 89

(Stronqylosoma)

luhripes ... ... 89

(Stronqylosoma)

sagittarium ... ... 90

(Stronqylosoma)

transverse-tceiiiatiiin ... 89

pi-incipalis, Arqxote ... 10

Protosteqa,sj» 159

PAGB
Prychia gracilis ... ... 13

sp.' 13

PSBUDATUAX iJIOiraill ... 261

sp 260

PsEODECHis anstralis ... 18
mortonensis ... ... 18

PSBUDOSPIROBOLKLLDS, Sjj. 118

ptilleinei, IIomooona ... 190
pimctatas, var. orientuUn,

Varanus ... 17, 18

Ijunctatns, var. iypica,

Varanus ... ... 19

imnctatus, Varanus ... 17

pijrrholoin'i. Khinocricus... 123

Q

q lie enslan dice, Cyliosoma 78,

80.86

U

rainboivi, Australiosoma 89

96,97
rainbow i, Spirobolellus

119. 106

regia, Aranea

13

regia, Heteropoda

13

reginoe, Enoploclytia

273

Ketepora, sp.

289

reticulata, Encyocrypta ...

227

RhINOCRICI, .Sj».

122

Rhinocricus caudatus

123

falcatiis

124

pyrrholoma. ...

123

sp

118

(Rhinocricus) Spirobolus

carina t us

141

(Rhodona) Lygosoma

fragile ...

18

robustits, Atbax

252

rostratum, Azygoplon

297

rubella, Hyla

22

rnbripes, Polydesmus

(Stronqylosoma)

89

rubripes, Spirostrophus ...

113

s

sagittarium, PoLYDESMUS

(Strongylosobia) ... 90
sagittariam, Stronqylosoma 90
Sand-rock, Kings Island 275

310

RECORDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

scintinanA, var. roncolor.

Gasteracantha ... 12

scintillans. Gasteracantha 12
scobinula falcatua, Dinema-

TOCRICUS (ClaDISCO-

CRICUS) 106

semoni, Strong ylosom a ... 90

sen nee. Cyliosoma ... 80, 88

Skrtularella odpres^d ... 291

coliunnaria ... ... 293

divaricata ... ... 291

divayicata,vs-r. diibia 291
divaricata, var. sub-

dirhotoma ... ... 291

Johnstoni 292

sp 291

subdichotonia ... 292

tfidentata ... ... 288

Sertularia crinis ... ... 296

divaricata ... ... 291

Johnstoni ... ... 292

operciilata ... ... 295

sp. ... ... ... 295

usneoides ... ... 296

sigaifer, Gastkracantha 1, 12

SiGYTES dilorts ... ... 16

sp. ... ... ... 16

sinipJex, Laomedea ... 288

simjilex, Parasoyphus ... 288
simplex, Thyro.scyphus 285, 288
sinuosa, Thuiraria 285, 294

speciostis, Palystes ... 13

SPH.a;op«us, sp. ... ... 77

Sph^otherium anyuli(tn)n ~~

leiosomuin ... ... 80

libidinosum ... ... 79

sp. ... ... ... 79

spinigenim, Mesockras ... 2

spinni2)es, Euoflos ... 219

SpiROBOLtis dentatus 108, 109

fenicheli ... ... 131

phranii.^ ... ... 137

Spirobolus (Rhinocricus)

carinatus ... ... 141

sp.

145

Spirobolellus /vn'/ifcoici 106, 119

Spirostiophus bulbifenm... 1 18

chrysodiriis ... ... 117

rruentatus ... ... 118

digitudits ... ... 105

digitulus ... 113, 145

page

naresi ... ... 113

rubripes ... ... 113

sp 112

Spongophyll[tm bipartitum 37

enorme ... ... 35

giganteum ... ... 37

knnthi ... ... 37

sp ... ... ... 35

stridulator, Plexipptjs ... 15

striolatum, Cyliosoma ... 80

Strongylosoma fasciatuin 93

novarrce ... ... 90

(Strongylosoma) Poltdes-

MVS innotatxim ... 90

novarrce ... ... 89

rubripes ... ... 89

sagittarium ... ... 90

transverse-tceniatnni 89

Strongylosoma sagittarium 90

semoni ... ... 90

sp 93

transverse-tceniatum 90

Styphlopis iH.SH?acJ.s ... 6

sp. ... ... ... 5

subdichotomo (var.) dirorl-

cala, Sertularella 291

stibdichotoma, Sertularella 291

sitperciliare, Platyplectrum 26

superriliaris, Hklioraisia ... 26

T

toeiiiocauda. Diplodactyliks 18
tamalus, Eucentrobolus... 108
targioriii, Cyliosoma 80, 83, 87
<(l|-fifiOHI(, Trigoniulus ... 116
tasmania, .\olaophenia ... 300
lasmanianns, Amastigogonus 153
tasmanica, Aglaophenia ... 285
tasmaniensis, Limnody.

nastes ... ... ... 17

fe|)^eii, Chenistonia ... 239

tessetlatus, Natator ... 161

Tktragnatha celebesiana... 9

mondibulata ... 9

sp 9

te.vtilis, Demansia ... ... 18

</(eis, .^raneus ... ... 11

theis, Epeira ... ... 11

Thuiaria si/n(os(( 285,294
sp 294

1NI>KX.

311

Aus-
Aus-

ThYROSCYPHUS suHi>h:r 28

triileiilahdi ...

tibialix. EUCTIMKNA

transve rse-fasriatum , Eus-

TRONGYLOSOMA

transverse-tceniatxvi,

TKALIOSOMA

transverse-tcenuduiii,

TRONGYLOSOaiA

transvevse-tceuiatuDi, Poly-

DKSMUS (StRONGYLOS-

oma)
transverse-tie II ill I nm, Strong-

YLOSOMA

tridentala, (.'ami-an'ULARIA
trideutata, Skkiularella
frtcife)i<rt(i(s, Thyroscyphus
Tkigoniult;s bnrnetticna ...
comma

PAGE

3.288

sp. ...

taryioiiii
tryoHi,(EDVKA
Typhlops uiHiiis ..
tijpica (var.) ilorso.l

NODYNASTKS

typica (var.) jiiuictatiis,
Varani:s

U

288
288
249

90

91

93

89

90

288

288

288

116

119

109

... 116

... 18

18

LlM-

23, 24. 33
19

107,

\'

Vakanus nraiilhurus ... 19

pnnctaivs ... ... 17

yimctatu.s.var. orient-

alls 17, 18

puvctatvs, var. typica 19

niiicolor, Cylio^oma 80, 84

usneoides, Nk^ki.lastrum... 296
Ksiieoides. Sertttlaria ... 296

variutus. Zenodorus

VanilS, IXAMATUS ...

venatoriii, .A rank a...
venatoria, Heteropoda ...
ventricosii, Enoploclytia...
versuta, Atrax
viHosa, Meg alosaua
villas as, GAiua
vindipes, Epkira
vorax, Dksis...

W

Wagleria dorsalis...
walkeri. Argyrodes
whitmei, Athamus...

X

xanthopyge (xanthopygius)
Pardalotus ...

(xanthopygivs) xanthopyge,
Pardalotus ...

Z

15

235

13

13

273

252

206

195

10

14

26

8
15

Zenodorus, sp.

15

variatus

15

Zkphronia delacyi...

... 80

H'

... 77