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RECORDS
of the
INDIAN MUSEUM
(A JOURNAL OF INDIAN ZOOLOGY,
Vol. HI, 1908-09.
EDITED BY
THE SUPERINTENDENT,
INDIAN MUSEUM, NATURAL HISTORY SECTION.
Calcutta :
PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM.
BAPTIST MISSION PRESS.
1908-09.
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CONTENTS.
Part I, Aprit, 1908.
Page
The Retirement of Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock, with a list
of his papers, etc., on Indian Zoology... ee, L
I. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower
Bengal—
Part VI.—Further observations on the Polyzoa, with
the description of a new genus of Entoprocta .... 11
II. Description of a new Dictyonine Sponge from the Indian
Ocean ... eee ae soul, 20
III, Notes on Freshwater Sponges
No. VIII. — Preliminary notice of a collection from
Western India, with descriptions of two new species 25
IV. Remarkable cases of variation—
No. I.—Squilla tnvestigatoris sae see §=-29
V. Description of a new species of lizard of the genus Salea
from Assam — = re fous Ee
VI.° The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower
Bengal— ;
Part VHI.—Preliminary description of an Oligochezete
Worm of uncertain position = oa 3G
VII. Description of a new Cavernicolous Phasgonurid from
Lower Siam vee aes shee
VIII. Descriptions of new species of marine and freshwater
shells in the collection of the Indian Museum ate, 245
IX. Notes on Oriental Syrphidz, Part I en a 40)
X. Description of a new variety of Spongilla loricata a 0/7
XI. Notes on Oriental Diptera—
No. V.—Description of a new species of Psychodid
of the genus Phlebotomus sia ae LOL
Miscellanea (pp. 105—112):
Remarks on Simotes splendidus _ ... ss TOS
Corrections to No. [V of ‘Notes on Oriental Diptera pee) OF
A note on the Isopod genus Tachea $93 enloy
The habits of the Amphipod, Ouadrivisio bengalensis ... 107
New varieties of Nanina “berlangeri aa Corbicula
fluminalts 108
Recent additions to ie collection of Entozoa in fe
Indian Museum we see os Ber ie fe;
XII.
XII.
XIV.
XV...
XVI.
AVI,
XVIIL.
XIX,
XX.
60
XXII.
XXIII.
XXIV.
XXV,
XXVI.
XXVII.
XXVIII.
XXIX,
Contents.
A sub-fossil Polyzoon from Calcutta ae
Corrections as to the identity of Indian Phylactoleem: vet
Notes on a peculiar form of Englena
Parr Ty luuij100s8.
Gordiens du Musée Indien Ae
The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower
Bengal --
S
Part IX.—A new species of Amphipoda
Description of a new species of Danio from Lower Burma
Rhynchota Malayana, Part I
Cimex rotundatus, Signoret
Notes on Freshwater Sponges—
No. I[X.—Preliminary notice of a collection from
Burma, with the description of a new species of
Tubella
Fruits Bats of the genus Pteropus inhabiting the Andaman
and Nicobar Archipelagos
aoe eee
A new species of Sun-Bird obtained near Darjiling
Three Indian Phylactoleemata
On two new species of Eagle-Rays (Myliobatidae)
Description of a new species of the genus Sesarima, Say.,
from the Andaman Islands
eee eee
Descriptions of new species of land, marine and fresh-
water shells from the Andaman Islands... ee
Part III, Ocrosper, 1go08.
The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower
Bengal
Part X.—-Decapod Crustacea, with an account of a
small collection from brackish water near Calcutta
and in the Dacca District, Eastern Bengal
Page
109
IIo
Te
The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower
Bengal
Part Xl —Two new Mysidee from brackish water
in the Ganges delta
On some Oriental Soe with descriptions of new
forms
The difference eee the Takin (Budorcas) from the
Mishmi Hills and that from Tibet, with notes on
variation displayed by the former
On Caridina nilotica (Roux) and its varieties
Description of a new species of Charaxes from the Bhutan
Frontier
is)
w
ioe)
Contents.
XXX. First report on the collection of Culicidae and Corethridze
in the Indian Museum, with descriptions of new genera
and species as
"Miscellanea (pp. 303—307) :
Measurements of the skeletons of two large Indian
elephants in the Indian Museum ae —
The young of -£lurus fulgens ee :
Notes on some Bagachi. recently added to the collect on
of the Indian Museum Ree
Breeding habits of T ylototriton verrucosus
The occurrence of Rhinodon te at the head of the
Bay of Bengal
Note on Ephxdatia meyent (Carter )
Parr IV, DecemMBER, 1908.
NXNXI.L Report on a collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet
by Captain F. H. Stewart, I.M.S., during the year
1Q07
Part I.—Introduction, Coelenterates, Nematomorpha,
Rotifers and Gastrotricha, Entomostraca, Arachnids,
Fish (Systematic) and Batrachia ae
XXXII. Notes on Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Indian Museum,
Bact 4 ae eas oa a
XXXIII. Indian Psychodid
NXXIV. Description of a new species of mouse from the Madura
District, Madras... res ar aoe
XXXV. Some Cleridze of the Indian Museum
XXXVI. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower
Bengal—
Part XII.—Description of a new species of aaa
worm of the genus Spro
XXXVII. Description of a new species of Saw-Fish captured off ae
Burma Coast by the Trawler “ Golden Crown ” =
XXXVI. A new Sting-Ray of the genus Trygon from the Bay of
Bengal ... oe er, ae
XXXIX. New Micro-lepidoptera from India and Burma
XL. Notes on some Chrvsomelid Beetles in the collection of
the Indian Museum ... i ae ost
XLI. Six new Cicindelinze from the Oriental Region
XLII. Description of a new Slug from Tibet
Part V, JANUARY, 1909.
XLII. Revision of the Oriental Leptide
XLIV. Revised and annotated catalogue of Oriental Bombylide,
with descriptions of new species vor ae
111
Page
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LIST OF PLATES.
_ Follow page
Plate I (Eurele annandalet ) Poe ui oe 4
Plates IL and Ill (Squilla investigatorts) eee cago
Plates IV and V (Kagle-Rays) a oe LOO
Plate VI (Grandidierella bonnieri) Pan ais ae bad
Plates VIL and VIIT (Malayan Rhynchota) St: eps y
Plate IX (Spongilla loricata var. burmanica) sah “as, 100
Plate X (Skulls of Eagle-Rays) kite ae an OG
Plate XI (Sesarima thelxinoé) waa me one GO
Plate XII (Leptidee and Bombylidz) ... a Saat: AO?
Plate XU (Cimex rotundatus and C®lectularius) v- 156
Plates XTV to XVII (Andaman Shells) of ne 2Lo
Plates XVIII and XIX (Crustacea) oe =e sree
Plate XX (Caridina nilotica) ve “7 ie od.
Plates XXI and NXII (Mysidz) ae oe sa. 240
Plate XXIII (Floor of nasal chamber of Budorcas taxtcolor) ... 254
Plate XXIV (Indian Psychodidee) tes aan wes. 384,
Plate XXV (Tibetan Fish) = ee se 940
Plate XXVI (Views of the Rham-Tso) nee we 340
Plate XXVII (Trygon niicrops) ioe Sas 7 204
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er .
Eis t OF “AW hHORS:
Annandale, N.,-B.A., D.Sc.
Bentham, T.
Bingham, C. T., Colonel
Brunetti, FE.
The retirement of Lieut.-Col. Alcock, with a
list of his papers, etc., on Indian Zoology,
p. 1.—The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at
Port Canning, Lower Bengal, Part VII,
p. 11.—Notes on sain: ater Sponges, No,
VII, p. 25; No. IX, p. 157.—Description of
anew species of Lizard a the genus Salea
from Assam, p. 37.—Notes on Oriental
Diptera, No. "Vip . 1o1.—The habits of the
Amphipod, Ome bengaleusis, p. 107.
Corrections as to the identity of Indian
Phylactolemata, p. t1o.—Three Indian
Phylactolemata, p. 169.—Notes on some
Batrachia recently added to the collection
of the Indian Museum, p. 304.--Breeding
habits of Tylototriton verrucosus, p. 305.—
Note on Ephydatia meyeni (Carter), p. 306.
Report ona collection of aquatic animals
made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart,
I.M.S., during the year 1907, Part I: Obser-
vations on some specimens of Hydra from
Tibet, with notes on the distribution of the
genus in Asia, p. 311, and description of
the tadpole of Rana pleskii, with notes on
allied forms, p. 345.—A new Sting-Ray of
ie genus Te vgon from the Bay of Bengal,
D> 393:
< new species of Sun-Bird obtained near
Darjiling, p. 167.-The difference between
the Takin (Budorcas) from the Mishmi
Hills and that from Tibet, with notes on
variation displayed by the former, p. 249. —
Measurements of the skeletons of two lar ge
Indian elephants in the Indian Museum,
p. 303.—The young of lurus julgens,
p. 304. Description of a new species of
mouse from the Madura District, Madras,
p- 385.
Notes on Aculeate Hymenoptera in the
Indian Museum, Part I, p. 347.
Notes on Oriental Syrphidz, Part I, Pp. 49.—
Indian Psychodidae, p. 369.— Revision of
the Oriental Leptidze, p. 417.— Revised and
annotated catalogue of Oreneal Bomby-
lidee, with descriptions of new species,
p- 437-
vil
Camerano, Prof. L.
Chaudhuri, B.L,, B.A., B.Sc.
Daday, Prof. E.
von
Distant, W. L.
Godwin-Austen, Lieut. Col.
H. Hi, F.RS., etc.
Hirst, A, Oe
Horn, Dr. Walther
Kashyop, Shiv Ram, B.Sc.
Kirby, W. F.
Kirkpatrick, R.
Linstow, Dr. O. von
Lloyd, R.E., M.B.,
Capt., I.M.S.
D.Sc.,
Man, Dr: [,.Gede
Mason, G. E.
List of Authors.
Gordiens du Musée Indien, p. 113.—Report
on a collection of aquatic animals made
in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart, I.M.S.,
during the year 1907, Part I: Sur les Gor-
diens recueillis par le Capitaine F. H.
Stewart dans le Tibet, p. 315.
Description of anew species of Danio from
Lower Burma, p. 125.—Description of a
new species of Saw-Fish captured off the
Burma coast, p. 391.
Report on a collection of aquatic animals
made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart,
I.M.S., during the year 1907, Part I : Ento-
mostraca et Hy drachnidze e Tibet, p. 323.
Rhynchota Malayana, Part I, p. 427.
Description of an Agr tolimax from Gyantse,
Tibet, collected by "Capt. K, H,. Stewart,
LMS., with details of its anatomy, p.
Any,
On some Oriental Solifugee, with descrip-
tions of new forms, p. 241,
Six new Cicindelinze from
region, p. 409.
Notes on a peculiar form of
the Oriental
Euglena, p. 111.
Description of a new Cavernicolous Phas-
gonurid from Lower Siam, p. 43.
Description of a new Dictyonine Sponge
from the Indian Ocean, p. 21.—-Description
of a new variety of Spongilla loricata, p. 97.
Recent additions to the collection of Entozoa
in the Indian Museum, p. 108.
Remarkable cases of variation, No. I, p. 29.
—On two new species of Eagle-Rays
(Myliobatidz), p. 175.*The occurrence of
Rhinodon typicus at the head of the Bay of
Bengal, p. 306.—Report on a collection of
aquatic animals made in Tibet by Capt.
F. H. Stewart, LM.S., during the year
1907; Part 1 Report on the fish collected
in Libet, p:°34T.
Description of a new species of the genus
Sesarma, Say., from the Andaman ERE:
p. 181.—The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at
Port Canning, Lower Bengal, Part X, p. 211.
-On Caridina nilotica (Roux) and its
varieties, p. 255.—Report on a collection
of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Capt.
F. H. Stewart, I.M.S., during the year 1907,
art I: Note on a free-living Nematode
from Rham-Tso Lake, Tibet, p. 314.
Fruit Bats of the genus Pteropus inhabiting
the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelagos,
p. 159.
Meyrick, E., B.A., F.R.S.
Paiva, CoA.
Patton, W, S., Capt., M.S.
Preston. tl. 5., 1.2.5,
Rhe-Philipe, G. W. V. de
Schenkling, S.
Schlesh, Hans
Stebbing, T. R. R., Rev.,
M.A., F.R.S.
Stephenson, J.,. Major,
I.M.S.
Stewart, F. H., Capt.,
I.M.S.
Tattersall, W. M.
Theobald, F. V.
Wall, F., Major, L.MLS.
Waters, A. W. Se
Willey, A., D.Sc., F.R.S. -
List of Authors. 1X
from India and
New Micro-lepidoptera
Burma, p. 395.
Notes on some Chrysomelid Beetles in the
collection of the Indian Museum, p. 4or,
> ns aPrt eee ey ~
Cimexv rotundatus, Signoret, p. 153.
Description of new species of marine and
freshwater shells in the collection of the
Indian Museum, p. 45.-—Description of new
species of land, marine and_ freshwater
shells from the Andaman Islands, p. 187.
Description of a new species of Charaxes from
the Bhutan Frontier, p. 285. .
Some Cleridz of the Indian Museum, p. 387-
New varieties of Nanina berlangeri and
Ss
Corbicula fluminalis, p. 108.
Anote on the lsopod genus Tachea, p. 107.—
The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Can-
ning, Lower Bengal, Part IX, p. 119.
The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port
Canning, Lower Bengal, Part VII, p. 39.
2
Report ona collection of aquatic animals
made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart,
I.M.S., during the year 1907, Part I:
Introduction, p. 309, and Rotifers and
Gastrotricha from Tibet, p. 316.
The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Can-
ning, Lower Bengal, Part XI, p. 233.
First report on the collection of Culicidze
and Corethridz in the Indian Museum,
with descriptions of mew genera and
Species, p..207.
Remarks on S/iotes splendidus, p. 105.
A sub-fossil Polyzoon from Calcutta, p. 109.
The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Can-
ning, Lower Bengal, Part XII, p. 389.
ERRATA.
Page 212, line 12. For “in the Dacca District” read “at Jhalakati in
9
rh)
bh)
a
the Backergun] District.”
249, line 5 from bottom. For “figs. 2 and 3” read “figs. 2 and x.”
253, under ‘‘Mishmi average” and opposite “ Length of horn.” For
Pa me hedge 50Gr
322, line 13 from bottom. For “ P. squammatum” read “L, squam-
matuin,”
322, lines r and 13 from bottom, and page 323, line g from top.
For “ Zelenka” read “ Zelinka.”
359, line 7, and page 368, line 4. For “ Taunghi” read “ Tonglu.”
363, line 22. For “ Anthrena burkelli” read “ Anthrena burkilli.”
383, lines r2and 1g. For “marginipunctata” read “margininotata,”
ey
ri
| V.B.—An asterisk (
dagger (+)
Page
A
Abirus saa bie 405
andamansis 405
angustatus 405
rAcmzea semicornea 203
Acocephalinze 145
Acreotrichus a .. 488
fusicornis a. ~=—488
gibbicornis 488
+Acrocercops cyclopa 308
sauropis 398
+thraustica “e._ 208
Aculeate Hymenoptera . 347, 308
/Edeomyia squamipenna ee > 802
/Elurus fulgens 304
/Etheomorpha nigropicta wee 402
/Etherea 07
/Ethopyga sa 107
+griseiceps 107
nepalensis oa
Aétobatis : 175). 270)-179
Agenia alaris phe
Agriolimax 413
agrestis 415
campestris ae |
var. castanea 413 |
hyperborea 413
intermedius 413 |
montanus 413
occidentalis 413
tristis 413
hyperborea 415 |
laevis me ALS
tibetanus 413, 414
Alaba blanfordi 107
+warnefordiana 197
Allodape parvula ae ‘ 306
Alona guttata ave BSA. 220
Amblycara gladiatoria a) bey
Amictus ae 25h =e ez
insignis aoe 3do7
nobilis = 487 |
Ammophila ( Psammophila) tydei 355
Amphipoda ..,. 107, 310) 210; 311
Anastcechus ” 458 |
longirostris eae 458
printed in Italics. |
_ Andrena floridula re
| gracillima ...
lugubris, var.
mephistophelica
| moris
| Anopheles
aitkeni
Anophelinze
Anthomyia a
| bisetosa... aes
| illocata ... aie
lobalis Ae
tonitrul
| Anthophora pulcherrima
quadrifasciata
Anthracinze
Anthrax
- 437, 438, 488
*) preceding a line denotes a new variety or sub-species ; a
peice a new species; anda double- dagger (a5); a new genus ;
in the case of synonyms the page numbers are
Page
362
| 2 rax 437, 438, 447, , 451, 454—456,
471, 478, 486, 488—490
| absalon 452, 455
afer 451
| afra 451, 455
| albida : we AGT
albofulva 454, 455
| alexon . 445
angustata (? ) 454, 472
antecedens ... 453, 455
aperta 438, 453, 455, 475, 476
apicifera ‘ we?) 454
arabicus ve 400
| elev Oye 449, 491
aterrima we = gd
aurantiaca 440
auriplena 445
basifascia... 447
(?} bimacula .. 454
| (?) brunnipennis sex © AQ0
| ceeruleopennis oe As
| carbo we 450
| carbonaria 437, 448
| cingulata as 490
clara 452, 453, 455, 473, 474
| fclausa 454, 455) 477
| collaris - we 447
combinata ... 440, 442
confirmata ., 430, 442
(?) confluens «s 490
congrua 2) 489
452,455, |
degenera
448
Anthrax demonstrans
Page
439, 442
devecta sa 441, $42
dia 453, 455
distigma we 449
doryca 441
duvaucelii 452, 455
emarginata ... 437, 454
(?) emilimpida 490
emissa 448
emittens we «= 448
erythrostomus Zoe 480
fimbriatus 451, 491
flava 490
flaviventris ee eRe
fulvula 453, 455, 4890
(?) gnata ss. .. 489
hottentotta 455
*var. claripennis 452
hyalina os . #52
(?) illata we 480
incanus Bate ws 400
instituta ee 452
insulata ane sce 440
Laie vee nae 443
latifascia eis 440, 442
leucopyga_... 453, 455
leucostigma . 451, 455
(?: leucotelus w. = 489
limpida 453, 455
lucens aoe we «= 452
lucida - 453, 455, 474
(2) luctuosa ... sre se AOO
manifesta 438, 453, 455, 476
maura ae 451
(?) noctiluna... we. = 480
(2) notabilis ... ws 490
paniscus 452, 455
pelops 441
pennipes : 443
percious a 480
(?) praedicans 454
(?) pretendens 454
proferens .. 448
proserpina .. 491
purpuraria ... oo = 4.39
(?) purpurata ws. 490
(?) reducta ... 489
referens 452, 455
(?) relata .. 489
ruficollis ieee 444
satellitia 451,455
satyrus 440
semilucida os 447
semiscita Pe 450
sirius 451
sphinx .. 440
stenurus ae Bak 486
(?) subannulus A 490
subarcuatus ... ile 1ibst6)
(?) succedens : 489
(?) suffusa we «=. 489
tantalus aos oe 438
tenuis bes A 486
11
\
\
|
Anthrax terminalis...
testacea
trimaculata
tripunctata
troglodyta ...
varia ae
ventrimacula
+Anthrena brunneipennis
burkilli Bed
floridula ...
gracillima ...
mephistophelica
mollis
moris ae
nigrozenea...
sodalis
Antonia : ve
fedtschenkol ..,
Anurzeidze ... See
Aphrophora inclyta_...
rogveholeray ane
Apidze a
Apis lanata
quadrifasciata
Arachnida
Arevramceba
437, 449, 450,
Page
451, 455.
.. 486
437, 449
449
452, 455
.. 450
441, 464
wees ERO
a 363
362
304
304
we 2 ROH
sires eee Oe
363
304
487
487
Bei
vent CEASE
oe ueEgO
ee 200
oe = 365
ee 367
243, 300
451, 454,
471, 486, 488, 489, 491
albosparsa
491
(? Anthrax )acroleuca 490
aterrima 490
appendiculata
aterrima
449, 471
448, 450
bipunctata 437, 448, 450
Garbo” less
fceylonica
(?) congrua
consobrina
contigua
degenera
distigma
emissa
emittens
etrusca ...
tell aie ver
+gentilis
(?) gnata
(2) illata
instituta
(?) leucotelus
limatulus
Hoyt ses
melania
nivea ...
yniveisquamis
(?) noctiluna
(?) reducta
(2) relata
semiscita
(?) succedens
(2) suffusa
testacea
Welaky | Ape
Ascaris attenuata
450
4509, 471
eee OO)
449
a (AOE
448, 451
437) 449
we 448
449
440, 450, 470
489
450, 472
489
480
489
ies «= AO
150
var. ter minalis 150
subapicalis pe cies
subnotata... Noe 149
testacea tee ne 150
unifasciata 140
verticalts LAG
Colasposoma affine... ee a AOS
creruleatum 405
Page
Colasposoma_nitida vie = 405
ornatum Seq lS
Colsa Bae be en ed
costeestriga eee sa, SEGA
tmatanga ave eae «134
Coluber radiatus 109
tColumbella suavis ... “ee TOS
Comastes ee Peer iy,
pulchellus .., woe = 457
Comptosia i 450, 486
aurifrons ... we ~~ 486
bicolor... see ASO
brunnipennis fe p50
Gonsidia:*** sis Po wee:
cavata eee soe 132
nitidula a) ato
oblonga re Pre Mae Gey?
transversa... eee 132
+ Conus edwardi 190
zonatus eve 1goO
Copepoda 310, 324, 341
Copeus labiatus 318
Coptocephala dubia 406
Corbicula fluminalis ... ses 108
*var, holstiana 108
irawadica 48
tsylhetica ... nee 47
syriaca “ae wee =—« T08
Corethra asiatica te RO
Corethridz 287—302
Corophiidze 119
Corynodes andamanensis 405
‘‘andamansis ”’ 405, 406
bengalensis 408
Cosmoscarta borealis ee WIGS,
{Crabro annandali s 358
melanotarsis #350
*Crassatella radiata var. obsoleta 205
Crioceris quadripustulata
401
Criorhina : 87
T(?) dentata _ . 87, 88
Criorhinze Ras 88
Crustacea a ee (oy)
Crypsithyris aay oss = 309
Tspelea ay. 399
Cryptocephalus analis 404
colon : 404
interjectus ws» 406
var. A 407
B 407
Culex es ae 287, 295
fatigans 208
fuscocephala 209
gelidus -- 208
microannulatus 287, 297
mimeticus we ann 297
;minor “ss iG. 7208
sitiens ar 287, 298
tigripes San cia, 2d
vishnui Fox 287,207
Culicidz ve 287—-302
Cyclopida : + 341
Cyclops Ae 340
vi
Page
Cyclops serrulatus 3244-325
strenuus : 324, 325
ar. lacustris - § 325
viridis 324, 325
Cyllenia... . 487
(Anthrax ?) aberrans ... 490
afra ses 490
globiceps see = 487
Cyprinoids ies, QO?
Cyprinotus congener seer -. 7882
D
Dabrescus = 145
costalis sua, = 1046
ineffectus wae DAS
leetisigna ... cs | «146
metallicus ... oye og US
nigrilinea ‘a 140
remotus T45
Daha 131
arietaria 131
tkuchingensis 131
Danio soe 7125
albolineatus Perma) f35)
tannandalei_.., sag! 2G
dangila aS saa B20
spinosus ae Pee 10)
Daphnia longispina 324, 330
var. caudata 33
Dasyceroclerus, sp. 388
Decapod Crustacea 211% 255
Deineches ee ie
tsimioides .., sok, od
Dendrophis pictus 109
Desvoidea 287
fusca = soar 129%
obturbans , 203
var. fusca 293
Diamysis : 234
Diapromorpha dejeani_ 403
melanopus 404
pallens »° 404
turca 403
var. D 404
Diaptomus paulseni 324, 32
ttibetanus... 324—320
Diaschiza exigua 319
semiaperta ... 319
taurocephalus «319
Dicerobatis ; 176, 179
eregoodoo. 179, 180
tthurstoni ne ee
Didea _ ‘ 54, 56
tDideoides Sig 54
fovata 54) 55
Diestrammena annandalei 43
unicolor as 43
Diglena catellina ais 318
tDinda se ae} ice
maura a 130
Dinocharidze ae 319
Dinocharis pocillum
Dinomachus aie
tfusus
marshall
+Diplodonta insulsa_ ...
Diploptera ... aes
Dischistus ... oe
tresplendens
*Doda ans
tlaudata Ate
Donax incarnatus
Tnuxtagus
+tiesenhauseni
ttrigonalis ee
Dorylaimus mn
stagnalis ...
Drillia digitalis an
exaspcrata oo.
traga ae
tsikesi ee
Dryopoides ... oo
Dunhevedia crassa...
Dysalotus alcocki!
E
Ectoprocta ...
Elachistidz a
Elasmognathus ae
helferi
. thewetti
Elephas indicus
Elis ceylonica
prismatica aa
Ellampus timidus a.
Entomostraca ae
Entoprocta. aie
Entozoa ean
Eoscarta oes
antica
borealis eat
eos
ferruginca ...
rufa Pe
subdolens
Ephydatia fluviatilis
indica ae
meyeni: ,.
miulleri _
Eriozona
analis
truficauda *...
Eristalis -e ae
cognatus ot
dimidiqe
(Eristalomy ia) sapphirina 7o
himalayensis
intricarius ...
orientalis Sar
saxorum ae
semicirculus ...
sepulchralis ...
solitus an
Page
see 128
wee 128
a60 128
207
ve 359
oe §=— 458
458, 481
nh 144
T45
; 208
se 207
sé 208
208
3t4) 315
314, 315
ae IOI
coi: 192
500 IQI
Boe IQI
uno 119
324, 327
asic 109
Goo. Wig 10)
oe 390
eve 2
an 12
E2
eae 303
an 352
é 352
ne VBA
399; 323, 341
11, 24, 15; 10
re 70
bo FO
cor 70
wt 66
70
66
Ha
Pa Loe
Eristalis tenax a8 _ JI—73
var, campestris 7X
tortuosus rice 7O
ursinus ne = 70
Kstheria davidi , vee) 3300
Eucharimyia dives _.., See 7)
Euchlanidz se 20
Euchlanis dilatata reancese
Euclovia w= «129
tconvexa Serre 10)
okade ale ene 1120
TEucypris minuta sae SLO; 32a, 332
Ttibetana B24). 380,938
Euglena coe. 2 ee
tuba rip erp a La Ee
Eulais megalostoma ae, (340
_ ttibetana 324, 339
tEulima balteata san 100
Eumenidz co SO
Eumerus aan, Ope TE
argentipes as 76
argyropus .. vee VOMIT,
tnepalensis .. ae 70
Eurete : ice 2 2Qaou:
tannandalei_... sn 21.28
erectum eee 24
var. tubuliferum 24
Euretidz : lee
+Euryalona annandalei 224, 328
Euryaulax ses es L3F
+Eusimonia celeripes ... 2A1, 247
turkestana 247
Exoprosopa 437, 438) 443) 447) 454) 455»
albicincta
albida ia.
alexon
tannandalei
antica oe
audouimi ...
auriplena
bagdadensis
basifascia
bengalensis
binotata
‘“ bipunctata”’
brahma
ceeruleopennis
chrysolampis
collaris
dedecor
disrupta
doryca
466, 485, 4890
50 440
447, 400
445, 447, 406
445, 409
ee 85
441, 464
4451 447, 400
ele 455
447, 400
he AAS
437, 444, 445
445
446, 448
we 437
439
4371 444) 447
485
sae 05
uel 44r
tammea 444, 447, 405, 400
tlavipennis 444, 447, 405,
(?) fumipennis
fuscipennis
(?) ignifera
(2) insularis
insulata
javana — eve
lar
400
we = 489
ee «= ASD
ate 489
; 480
444, 440, 447
oe 445
443, 444, 447
+Exoprosopa lateralis
vill
Page
445,448, 467
flatipennis 444, 447, 404
leuconce aoa
lugubris Ary wok
(7) meigenil se.) cOO
melaena daa, © ASS
nubeculosa e 485
obliqua —.s axe © 442
octonotata ve 446
olivieril ... wn, MOS
paupera ... woe = 485
pennipes ... . 443, 444, 447
tretrorsa ... 445, 408
satyrus 440
semilucida 447, 400
singularis 485
stupida ... 489
tantalus ... 439
tricolor... Jig A155
tristis ... wa 439
(?) umbra we = 489
(?) undans 489
vitrea, ... ae ky
(?) vitreicosta soe 4, 400
F
Farrea or wes as G}
occa var. foliascens my 2
laminaris eee 2
Felis pardus vs ids 108, 109
tigris ot 108
Fenithicola funestus ... 388
Fish a 306, 309, 311, 341
Fossores: se ct son lta)
Pulsorides: sce cas a ee
G
Galeodes ae ae. 246
afghanus ... ev 240
-agilis ae “2A, 22.240
tannandalei ve 8245
araneoides ... 243, 247
Faulicus ne 241, 246
auronitens ay, 248
bacillifer 245—247
-.caspius a: 2A
tchitralensis 243, 247
*sub-sp.
_ pallescens 244
citrinus vai -7 dey, 20
, var. nigripalpis 243
darius sas dec SQA
fatalis as oe = - 243
tfestivus oe 242, 240
tfischeri «os 2AT, 244, 246
indicus see 243—245, 247
obscurior soe eA
macmahont ... 2»AT, 240
nigripalpis ... oar ees
orientalis... dor 240
pococki eee coe 243
|
Page
Galeodes schach ie wae eee
_ truculentus ... oan BAS
Gammaridea “ite i ~ O
Gastrotricha 300). 310, 3225-323
Gelechiadze Ae sets 7306
Geron Soars neers 417, 459
targentifrons ... 459, 482
australis is 459, 483
simplex re a 50
+Gibbula ahena a : 201
tccent aoe 2% 201
phzedra Be ae 5 Ol
Gordiidz ae | 113, S15,.810
Gordius : 115, 117
aéneus ay bore Un
doriz ss : 115
fulgur a : 115
parone ose . 110
fzavattarli... ven. TENG
+Gorytes icaritformis ... : 350
+Gottonia andamanica vue 45; 40
Gracilariadee ns ws 398
Grandidierella abe iaeen LOU
tbonnieri we 120
mahafalensis = 119—-122
Graptomyza oc ae iB
duodecimnotata ... 63
longirostris tae 63
“var, duo-
decimnotata 63
tsexnotata ds 63
ventralis a 63
Gynandrophthalma crassipes ... 402
pallida sox Sen
Gyponine (?) sis 144, 145
+Gyrineum wilmeriana tas =~ 105
H
+Habropoda krishna ... i $366
magretti Bee 3010)
tadoszkowskii. 307
Halictus albescens P 360
buddha 301
calceatus.. “4s. a 1302
constrictus ... : 300
+ deiphobus ; 301
lucidipennis ... ‘3 361
tparis we vie gO
Fpolyctor ... ee ROG
senescens ... A 301
subopacus ... ees 360
vishnul AAS ses OD
+Haminea callosa =a er LO
Hecalus owe ae ve ~OPAS
parvus aa he EAS
paykulli we ee eS
Hedychridium wroughtont 3497
Helice dentipes ae Ace 2209
Heliomyia — «.
ferrugined eee
425, 435 (7)
425, 430
Helophilus
taénus ae
albiceps...
Page
04, 05, 67
65, 66, 68
nee 05,00.
bengalensis 64, 66, 69, 70
caudatus ... 65, 67, 68
celebes eae O55 0G
conclusus ... 05,00
consors... «2260, 60
curvigaster «a 65,68
doleschalli 65, 68, 69
insignis... 291105, OS
mesoleucus 65, 06, 69
notabilis ... s+» 65, 68
pendulus ... oe 68
PIlipese | Wace . 65, 68
quadrivittatus 65, 66, 69
ttuberculatus 5: 67, 68
Vestitus 305,05
Hematosiphon one Sata age ty
*Hemicardium hystrix var.
brevispinosa nee ver, 2 200
Hertades parvula aes 306
+ Herpetocypris smaragdea 324, 3 130, 337
+stewarti 324, 333, 334:
33
Heterogastrine see »- 128
Heteroptera 0 127, 154
Heterostylum sae : 457
Hexactinellida s 21
Hilda ae 129
tmalayensis ae. : 12
undata ee : 12
Hislopia lacustris ees ° 98
Holopyga indica eos . 347
Homoptera ... 5, 129
Hulecoeteomyia pseudotzeniata 2Q1
Hydra ae 310—313
Hy arenas wae 893. 330
Hydra fusca wae 311 —313
grisea a = BiG
oligactis wee : 313
orientalis Bit rack ie}
rhetica a, RATE se
rubra os Gon vg
SpP- 3S
viridis ss , 313
Hydrophiide ee eee) LOO
Hyperalonia 437, 438, 442, 489, 491
albicincta 440, 443
argyura ... a AAS
aurantiaca 440, 443, 460
chrysolampis 439, 443
combinata ws. AAO
confirmata soe. =» 430
demonstrans ae, Sc 20
devecta ... 441—443, 462
dives 439) 443
doryca 441, 443, 462, 463
flaviventris A441, 443
fuscipennis 439, 443
hyx oe = - 439
(7) imbuta 459
latibascia vs 440
Page
Hyperalonia obliqua ... 2, 443
cenomaus 44I—443
pennipes sre 4S
(2) pulchra ses) “ASO
purpuraria sé 430
(?) rufescens ss 489
satyrus 440, 441, 443, 463
sphinx 440, 443
suffusipennis 440, 443, 462
tantalus 437—430,442, 443
tristis 430, 443
|
lassus (?) angulifer wae 250
[atLCEDS, Gee oe = E36
nitidulus ... oe «= £36
niveosparsus es =©-130
Icaria ene ees sss 350
Idiocerus ... nee tes RG
adustus... cane he
laticeps aK a 230
nitidulus:- 3, in ERO
(?) punctatus ass £35
Insects ae mee ae LOT
Irene = rep see DAIS
ceylonensis cine sw 1
Isopoda si eee ares ALO?
Issinze ay Pe ieee L20
Isthmia $5. wee eats LO
Iswara luteus eis west + 352
Ixalus annandalei__.... saa) 2305
cinerascens... ae 1805
J
Jassidz fir — See tas
Jassinze ee sen oe 145
Jassus nee — ve = «148
albipes A ae GO
albisigna ane oe DAS
(?) aurulenta... ese «CIS
brevis Spe S. wOLSO
canifascia a4 ee AO
dirigens a i) 140
diversus s Sin S140
(2) dorsimacula oe LES
oe ioe sa 150
glabra vei we «6s F.48
guttatus see ove 150
guttivena a PA ay nea)
inelinans ‘iss cae 148
inscriptus ie il, 149
leucomelana_,.. cep mt SO)
luteifascia eas sa » 140
maculiceps ie seer ESO
nervosus Age re 145
pardalis aes ave 148
piceus a 3s. a, TAO
punctivena 50 ist) / FAO
roseifascia he See 8 TSO
rufivena ae eas 149
subapicalis Ase eae SO
Page
Jassus subnotatus oe a AO)
testaceus eee cee 150
verticalis Sh 149
K
Kalicephalus willeyi — ... oe ele)
+Kellia mirabilis sas as. , 205
Kolla are Boe ean, nl Aa
insignis ae ae TA
polita ons ati eat
L
Labidostomis cumming 402, 403
humeralis we = 402
Leander carinatus —... 5 220
hastatus Hee oe 220
japonicus... ae 220
longirostris ... in 1220
sp. sas 211, 220
styliferus ar 220, 222
tenuipes ne 220—222
Ledra parva .. ee ies 145
Leicesteria ... ah aoe 287
fapicalis ... 201
longipalpis ... ae 202
Lema mandarensis _... 4o1
Lepidanthrax sue ae a7
Lepidoderma squammatum 222,223
Lepidoptera ... ve 399
Lepralia ee ie 109
(Escharoides) occlusa .. 110
Léptidze ae a 417, 430
Leptipalpus ... was IGM ales aes
ferruginosa oe 25
flaveolus ... a 425
Tfulvidus ... aa Ses
(?) waigiensis 125 aes
Leptis a » 423-426, 434
albopicta oe 428, 435
fapicipennis —... 423, 434.
decisa He 424, 428, 435
AciGhrorme «tl ca ey
ferruginosa —e. 425, 436
impar ... re 424, 435
marmorata ae 420, 436
‘pallidus ”’ ae A33
punctum (?) 431 —433, 436
uniguttata ae 424, 434
tLeptothyra solida —... =< 7200
Lepus ruficaudatus ... “3 «BOS
Leucozona lucorum ... = 57
tLimnza simulans... 40; Ag
stagnalis... ae! 105
Limnophora ‘0 aay, LOY
himalayensis 107
tonitrul 107
Linguatulide as ss TOO
Lituoline Foraminifer eh 23
l.ophopus ae 170,172
carter! ee 171 —174.
var, himalayanus rro
Lophopus crystallinus
himalayanus
jhering
lendenfeldi
var. himalayanus
inclyta
Loxosoma
+Loxosomatoides
{Lora
tcolonialis
tLucapinella gaylordz
Lycastris
albipes ne
tflavohirta ...
Lygeide ... ae
Lynceus guttatus ae
Lyroda formosa ans
Lysiosquilla ae
M
flaveolus
tfulvidus
Macellopalpus
Macropsis.... ay
torientalis ...
slabberi
+Macroschisma elegans
Macrothrix hirsuticornis
Mammals
+ Mangilia andamanensis
eco ece
texasperata
tobtusa ee.
Mansonia ... ae
uniformis ...
Mansonioides ae
annulifera
Manta birostris
‘* Mantis ”’
+ Margarita ponsonbyi
+ Mastigocerca auchinleckit
wee
bicornis
Matla . aos
bengalensis ad
Megachile albifrons ...
lanata aes
nana ras
umbripennis
Megalophrys
montana
parva ss
Megaspis.... se
chrysopygus
crassus © as
errans fas
sculptatus ...
424,
Page
L772
171, ge, 7a
174
172
110
131
131
ee)
110,
14, 16, 19, 30
14—I7
OK =
WoL &
Nor
(os)
pa
425) 435
425, 435
425, 428,
435» 430
233,220
table of Oriental species 72
+transversus
zonalis
+ Melania charon eee
texpatriata
tmultistriata
236—239
236-- 238
sé 208
324, 329
eee 303
ie 1Q2
eee AO?
eo CO
‘ce. QOL
eee 300
oe 301
eee 301
ee LO
Boo ke
ate 201
eine 318
Se CUO)
re 42
Soe 2
‘ia 305
ie B05
305
ies 305
eae 305
ace 305
se | B05
see Ly
ALE 2s
S00 72
71, 72; 74
Sac 72
eve 73) 74
ece 73
Ae 1g0
siete 190
1Q6
Melanostoma ae
ambiguum
dubium
tMelasina apracta ..,
tMenestho acuminata
Merodon eee
Metaplax dentipes_...
distinctus
elegans eee
‘Microdon ... ees
tannandalei
apicalis: sss
tauricinctus
tezruleus ...
tflavipes
fulvicornis .
indicus
metallicus
obscurus
truficaudus
stilboides
sumatranus
wulpii es
Micro-lepidoptera...
Milesia 256 ee
balteata iss
conspicienda ...
gigas see
thimalayensis ...
lamus Sa
semifulva ate
+variegata ss
tMimomyi ia Ata oe
Mioscarta
bipars awe
forcipata ...
+Miralda gemma :
Mitra cruentata wae
ebenus Ses
temilize eee
twarnefordiana
+ Modiola cymbula —...
gubernaculum
+zebra
Moina rectirostris Ae
Mollusca ae ee
Morphota formosa
Mucidus scataphagoides
Mulio
(Anthrax ?) leucoprocta
lugubris
persicanus
Mus albidiventris
Mus cervicolor
(Leggada ) buduga
ramnadensis
Musca maura ee
Mutilla indefrusa Bice
tindiga
interrupta
lathonia we
(Odontomutiila) her pa
pilosella
x1
3957400
Sa (Op Gio:
aye 80
siete 80
see 80
ae OO; 02
ane 82
ie 80
80—82
oe QOL
i tgO
385, 386
fe)
NO
IW WW
eo)
moron
ie)
Page
Mutilla pulchrina 351
ruficrus 350
sexmaculata 349
tspectra 350
vicinissima 350
Mutillide —.., 349
Myhobatidz 195; 178, 179
Myliobatina ... 175, 175
Myosoma 14, 19
Mysidz 233—239
Mysinze 233—235
Mytilus ws - 204
Myzomyia rossil 287
Myzorhynchus barbirostris 288
vanus ... 288
N
Naididz ; >
Nanina berlangeri 108
“var, globosa 108
+Narica depressa 199
+Nassa gerstenbrandti 194
+jucunda ae 194
ttristis 194
Natalis spinicornis 388
Necrobia ruficollis 388
rufipes Se w=: 388
Nemachilus stoliczkz ... 210, 3AT
Nematode 109, 314
Nematomorpha .. 309
Neohydnus despectus 388
tsp. 388
Neomacleaya indica ... eer 6207
“var simplex 291
Neomysis ... ae fn eae
Neuria eee ee epee le
indecora ae 450
Nomia clypeata ae oe Paes OS
elliotii ae ee Oe
floralis ons bre 05
punctata are Son hae
punctulata ss. ieee 804
westwoodi aes ga = 304
Norsia 2 wea 148
dilecta dee ie 148
flavidorsum__... bee Wao
fulvescens ae “6 (EAS
Norsiana ss. ses soa €TAS
flavidorsum ws) 148
Notholca scapha ant ses 322
tscaphula_... tame, 321
Notommata aurita... se OT
Notommatadz ee sie 22317
Notoscarta ... eee e oc
alboater ... we 135
croceonigra ay, 35
ptyeloides eek)
tzebrina ... ws | (135
+Novaculina andamanensis....— 209
Nyssorhynchus fuliginosus <0 = 288
eB Page
tOchmastis Ss mer 200
}chionacma nue 23g0
Odostomia aciculina ... ee OO
pfeifferi 22 0) 47
Odynerus ovalis ees Se. 350
CEciacus tee cee ed
Oligocheta ... 30, 174,310; 3t1
Omadius mediofasciatus eee a 300
roepstorfi ... are 388
seticornis ... sie ,- 300
Opetiopalpus obesus ... » «a 385
Ophiuridz ... i ie 22
Opilo sordidus, var. ... i. 60
Tsp. os ve sss 2308
+Oreinus baileyi wae we 23
Orthrius andamanensis vs «6°08
rufotestaceus .. —388
tspp. “0 308
subsimilis... cme ce
tarsalis ues inet) 288
Osmia ade ..- see sas. 305
Ostracoda. tea). QEOy 930) 241
Otolithus maculatus ... ‘os |, LOO
P
Pachygrapsus levis... ee)
longipes Se e2io
minutus 216, 277
planifrons os 28
tpropinquus 211; 216, 218
Pagria kanaraensis... wee = 404
Palzemon altifrons ... Me 22g
amazonicus 222, 226
carcinus 223—227
var. oe Soe
dayanus__..., ie, 22%
dieperinkii ... Ge 2 220
dispar re me 227
ensiculus sa" 220
jelskii aes ae 220
lamarrei 211, 222, 222, 223,
224
scabriculus ... ne
sp. aie 21, 220
Paludicellide 13
Parachordodes pustulosus 114, 315, 316
Paragordius sp. (?) ... Re ii,
Paragus aa ee a 52
tluteus 52
serratus = 52
Parexostoma maculatum Lm cue:
stoliczkae - 342
Paria cuprescens as set OF
Pectinatella 9 173; S74
tburmanica 1735 17
(?) carteri Fae Ee)
davenporti Hee 173
gelatinosa Were ye
magnifica Bt Kee:
Pedicellina ... ie 14) 16;98, 00
Pelias aie HAY Zou ) B55
Page
Pelopoeus bilineatus — «.. eae eee OT
Pericoma __... tae 103, 370
tannandalei 370, .380
tappendiculata 370, 378—380
tbella 370, 383
Tmargininotata 370, 381-384
*var. gilvipes
382, 383
*var. lacteitarsis
362; 353
+spinicornis 370, 378, 380
Phzeocyclotomus sp. «.- PE cele)
Philanthus pulcherrimus wos = 50
punjabensis 357
+(Trachypus) nepalensis 356,
; Sor
Philodina citrina zat Bree 0)
Philodinadze anit) EHO
Philodina ery throphthalma i ko
roseola a vee,
Phlebotomus IOI, 103, 369
targentipes 101, 102, 369
Phlogistus imperialis ... bee ee 1300
Phthiria - 459
(Anthrax ?) hy poleuca 490
gracilis e 459
Phylactoleemata bas LO, 169—174
Phyllopod ... an oie MeeOG
Phymatidze ese 4 5d:
Phymatophza pustulifera asi. 308
Pipistrella abramus_ ... ee kSS
Pipizella oe as Ss SSS
curvinervis ... oe 53
tindica se ase 52
trufocincta ... ees 53
sculpeonata ... eee 53
Pison punctifrons ae ne eS
Placostola... ee isan’ “307
Platychirus ... ni cae 53
albimanus os 53
Platypygus ... ae vss §©=— 07
maculiventris as oOg
Plecia (Bibionide) __... sens ele
Pleurotoma acutigemmata isa) GA
tritiata 4.« oe enOO
Ploas bar Ng .. 488
adunca vs .. 488
bombyliiformis ... veo’ 400
Ploima Mloricata a fu. OUT
Ploima Loricata ees Ji eS
Plumatella ava “THO? E70), 194
aplinii . ee LO
+bombayensis 169—I7I
coralloides 13,410
emarginata L70,sn 70
iruticoSa - s.. 12;;1TO, 170
philippinensis 170; 171
polymorpha oe Le
princeps 150) 177
punctata ... eee 172
repens Tio, 17%
tanganyikz 169, 170
Plutellidze 395, 308
Nil
Page
Podalirius pulcherrimus 307
quadrifasciatus 307
Polistes marginalis 359
Polybia stigma 359
Polychte? =... 389
Polychzetophyes a8
Polydonta 74—70
bicolor 76
torientalis ... oe 745.70
Polyzoa oe af I1, 98, 109
Pompilidze es 352
Pompilus hecate vee nets 5e
iliacus aoe 355
Porocephalus brotali ... cee 100
+Potamocypris stewarti 324, 338
Potamomysis a 233
tassimilis “234, 230
pengoi ... 233—230
tPristis annandalei_... 391
zysron 392
Proales gibba 318
+Promalactis nebrias ... 397
Protosquilla 32
Protozoa : ih 111
+Psammobia obtusa ... 208
ornata sc0° 208
Pseudagenia alaris ... Bee
clypeata 353
tculiciformis 253
+invidiosa 353
laevicula 352
tmimica 354
stulta sie 354
Pseudoclytra plagiata ae = 1 O2
Pseudolema suturalis 402
Pseudosquilla eee 32
Pseudotheobaldia niveitzeniata | 207
Psychoda_... 370, B73
talbonigra B70, 374
talbonotata ... 370, 373, 374
targenteopunctata 370, 375,
376
tatrisquamis 270, 376
tbengalensis 369—371, 376,
3771 380, 383
tdistincta 270,372
+nigripennis BIO, 327059377
; tsquamipennis 370, 375, 370
table of Oriental species 370
tvittata SIO SLE
Psychodidz 101, 369, 384
Pterocercus spp. 109
Pteropide 163
Pteropus ae dsc 159—163
celzeno 159, 163, 105
condorensis ... oe Od
edulis 159, 760, 165
faunulus 1606
javanicus ..._ 160, 164—166
medius - on LOS
melanotus ... 159—162, 164
nicobaricus ... 159—162
ttytleri 162, 163, 10
Page
Ptychobarbus conirostris BUI, 341
Pyria orientalis we 349
Python ° es 108
molurus ae 100
Q
Quadrivisio bengalensis 107
R
+¢Radioculex a3 287, 205
tclavipalpus ye 2205
Rana dori ee 304
laticeps ese).
liebigit 345, 340
limborg! a god
limnocharis 304
nigrovittata 305
pleskii 345, 346
vicina 304, 345, 346
Rattulidz = Bro
Reptiles 105
Rhingia aoe 57
+ angusticincta > 557 50
+binotata 5 7s 50)
campestris... . 57; 59
cincta ea 57 50
TlatiCInCta: .%... Pecbctor ment’)
*var. fasciata 58
rostrata : see 573 50
table of Oriental species 57
Rinodon typicus see co oe
Rhynchota ee 127-151, 154
+Risella balteata = 107
glutea Asc 107
+Rissoina angusta_—... 107
tcylindrica ... 198
teeta a 198
tpupiniformis 198
tsculpturata 198
twarnefordiz 199
Rocinela typus an on Og
Rotifera ROO) Brie 310,323
+Rotifer tridentatus a } ars
S)
Sacculind) 4.. 181
Sadoletus 128
tcorvus 128
validus 128
Salea iA 37
anamallayana ee
tausteniana SB7ecs
horsfieldii 37, 37, 3
Salius (Priocnemis) rothneyi .... 354
Salpina brevispina ... 319
Tshape a 319
similis ies 320
Salpinadz oi 319
X1V
Page
Scaphoideus iss. 151
immistus 151
tliteratus eee a oi
Scapholeberis mucronata 324; 320
Scaridium longicaudum 319
Sceliphron bilineatum soe 855
Scelodonta indica as oe 405
vittata ane es 404
+Schizopygopsis stewartil seco ade
stoliczkze eQtlepeds
var. 2A2
Schizothorax macropogon B41, 342
+o’connori Be, ods
+Scintilla citrina aa oa OS
costata seh e200
telongata ... a, 200
jukes1 Lee sae) 200
tperplexa ... ness 200
pretiosa aa ed
ttranslucida sve) > 200
Scolia binotata ee ALE
prismatica ae sree S52
quadripustulata var. binotata 352
Scoliidze ae ate ese = 352
Scotophilus kuhli ass wee «155
Scylla serrata esi oe 2a
Selachian ate sas BOR
Selenocephalus parva eomere es
Sericomyia si 89
thimalayensis 8G
Sesarma : 181
amphinome 185
aranea ; aes 184
celebensis ... a 181
moeschil ea eee 6205
ocypoda cee 181, 184
var. gracillima 184
sylvicola = 181—184
+thelxinoé ... 181, 184, 185
Sialoscarta .., su8 wo Ga
concinna ... ee eLig 2
Simocephalus elizabethe 324, 329, 330
gibbosus a 329
mixtus 6 PSS)
Veodl) se. i a0
7 ve woides peg 29
Simotes splendidus 105
Sitala attegia ass = 187
cadelli aaa aes |= TOT
tdenselirata... ea eLog
+Solariella dulcissima eee = 2002
variabilis ... Oe
Solenophorus megalocephalus .... 108
Solifugee nee ais see 2
Sphzrophoria a Sais 53
distinctus a 58
nove#-guinez ... 53
Sphegide ee = ane 355
Sphinctogonia vee ne T44
guttivitta eee T44
quincuncula... 144
; lineolata PP T44
Sphyxea gigas <> we 80
Sphyxea himalayensis
variegata eee
Spilogaster a
Spice ae ges
tbengalensis ...
filicornis ae
Spionidz# ... ae
Spogostylum ae
distigma
limatulus
Sponge, Dictyonine ...
Sponges an eee
Spongilla alba a
bombayensis
carter es
cinerea See
crassissima ...
Spongillz —_
tSpongilla indica
lacustris...
tlapidosa
loricata
proliferens...
reticulata ...
sumatrana
Spongostylum aes
flavipes
pallipes
Squilla
aftfinis
armata
chlorida aes
fasciata Sse
foveata ane
gilesii aie
gorypetes
hemischista
holoschista ...
interrupta
investigatoris
leptosquilla
multicarinata ...
ovatoria ai
polita
raphidea
scorpio (genuina)
eee eee
(immaculata)
stridulans ras
supplex
tenuispina
Stathmopoda
tcalyptrea
tplacida
Stegomyia
talbolateralis
amesil was
tassamensis
fasciata eee
scutellaris
+tripunctata
Stilbum cyanurum ...
+Stomatella crenulata
ase
4
(o>)
On
_ me OO
OON
“NO &
oO wb Re KUL
torrets Gis Ui
Para)
20, 97—99
*var. burmanica 97, 157
157
3
25
4o1
491
4QI
2935
32
3t
33
:
a
re)
Y
-)
P)
y
2 G2 GI GI GD) Gd
262 GIG
a
Ss
GCIQIGIGIGI NWN hob NH NOIWSG
Go
ioe)
G2 G2
Stomatopoda oe
+Strigilla densestriata
+Sty loptyg ema andamanensis
Suragina oa
illucens
signipennis
Sutura fluviatilis sat
Syritta
amboinensis_ ...
illucida (?)
indica (?)
laticincta
orientalis (?)
pipiens
Syrphidee —...
Syrphus
.
balteatus ae
luniger | Nah
pyrastr1
torvus
umbellatarum
Systoechus
ose aoe
ardens
eupogonatus
socius
Systropus — ..-
blumei Ue
eumenoides ...
foenoides...
funereus
+nigricaudus
ophioneus «--
polistoides ...
sallei Ree
sphegoides ...
tessellatus
tipuloides +.
T
Tachza on ae
lacustris ra
spongillicola ...
‘Tachytes modesta
Tadpole See
Tzenia polyealcaria...
Tzeniorhynchus nee
. AGEL +.
tenax
Takin ere
+ Tapes albomarginata
Tartessus sas
antecedens ...
badius ;
basivitta «..
bistriga eae
colligatus ...
concolor ae
cupreipennis
diaphanus ...
dimidiatus
ferrugineus ...
(Anthrax ?) funereus
401
400, 485
459
492
492
460, 483
see 459
4600
492
_ 459
400, 485
400
107
107
107
SHS)
340
108
293, 294
"299
299
249-253
207
140, 147
; 140
Rs 147
147
140
147
146
147
147
147
140
eon
345)
ove
eee
Tartessus fieberi oH
flavibasis
polygrammus
scabrifrons eee
semivenosus
*+Tellina cancellata ...
Tincisa ce
tjousseaumei
tmagnifica
Tenerus andamanensis
cyanopterus,
flavicollis
signaticollis
var.
Terebra albomarginata
tcarnicolor ...
fenestrata
+ rubrobrunnea
ftunicolor ...
Tetigonia
Tetigoniidz
Tettigonia lineolata
brevis ae
(2) dubia ©...
eburnea .
glabra zat
guttivitta ...
inclinans
multipars
polita
Tettigoniella
tannandalei
+baluensis
tcumatilis
eburnea
elongata
terichsoni
ferruginea
thorsfieldi
+mitrata
+mouhoti
nigrilinea
perakensis
tramana
scitipennis
+tamborensis
+timorensis
trita
+wallacei
+wetterensis
+whiteheadi
Tettigoniellidze
Tettigoniellinze
Tettigoscarta Hee
nitidula
Therates gestroi
kraatzi
spinipennis a
Var.
margini-
pennis
var. versicolor.
xanthophilus
xanthophobus 411
Page
bo
a
147
fs
oO
147
aS
N
209
209
=
6
oem sue ene en |
AmMmMO
Oo WG WO
*sub- -sp. annandalei 412
411
Page
Tillicera bibalteata 388
javana ane ia B00
Tillus notatus var. tristis ee 2 207,
Tineidz tea bce ie 300
daneididze =<... i 127
Tiphia himalayensis we 52
fTischeria ptarmica 399
+ Tornatina conspicua ee OF
Vortricidee ... ve 305
Toxophora ee sae 5S
(Anthrax ? ) leucopyga 401
fulva aes ta 402
javana os 458
leucopyga ... 4Q1
zilpa 459
Toxorhynchites immisericors ... 288
Trichodes spectabilis var. kuwerti 388
Triecphora antica ee Sy
cavata eee 3
ferruginea ... 132
rufa ener dag?
subpustulata 132
Trochospongilla latouchiana —... 157
phillottiana ... 157
Trogodendron fasciculatum ..., 388
Tropidonotus piscator sa OO
Trygon we sae sen 808
: atrocissIMUS «.. eee 394
+microps bad 393, 304
Trypeta St sor, alee
Trypoxylon intrudens Wen een
Tubella ae ce Lag
tvesparioides ... ee GG
vesparium —... ect | TUR,
Tubulifera aie wma. Se
Turbellaria ee 1G, 311
+Turbonilla foveolata ... an “200
Tylototriton verrucosus wee 805
Tympanomerus aes ete
orientalis 212—214
pusillus 212—215
tstapletoni 211, 212, 215
U
Unciola gee eas 119, 120
tUnio siliguriensis —... nee 47
Urnatella
eos @os
14,15, 19
Vv
Valkeria ee
Varuna litterata
*Vertagus kochi var. polita...
Vespa auraria
flaviceps
marginalis eae
structor tee
Vespertio celzeno sie
vampyrus
Vespidz ois ae
Vactorella’ 33 ane
tbengalensis
pavida hes
symbiotica ...
Volucella.. =o: 33%
Tbasalis oe
decorata a
+discolor bie
tlividiventris ...
nubeculosa_ ...
opalina
peleterii
pellucens
truncauda ...
trifasciata,
ursina
eoe
Xx
Niphopheromyia glossata
Xylota ee oe
zqualis eee
zthusa sd
Tassamensis ...
tauronitens ...
calopus Ae
conformis a
cuprina wee
cupropicta sas
flavitarsis wi
nigroaénescens
ventralis iss
i Y
Ypsolophus ie
Lag
211,
13
218
195
359
359
359
360
105
wx tO5
359
13—I5
II—13
IT, 1I—I3, 39
Seen Je
«++ 59, 60
26 OO. OM
60
60, 62
60, 62
49, 60
00
60
61
60-—62
60
60
eve
hehe Re dR MEN CoO LTE ULEN AN T-
Osh OUN Ey oA, COve Ke;
Pieutenamt-Colonel A.W Alcock, Cl... M.B:.UL.D., F:RS.,
came to India as a member of the Indian Medical Service in April
1886, having already had considerable experience of the country,
and having also been Assistant Professor of Zoology in the Uni-
versity of Aberdeen under the late Professor H. A. Nicholson,
F.R.S. After two years spent on the North-west Frontier as
Medical Officer, he was appointed Surgeon Naturalist to the Indian
Marine Survey. In 1891 he officiated for some months as Resident
Physician and Professor of Pathology at the Calcutta Medical
College, and in September 1892 was appointed Deputy Sanitary
Commissioner, Metropolitan and Eastern Bengal Circle. In May
1893 he became Superintendent of the Indian Museum and
Professor of Zoology at the Medical College; from June 1895 to
January 1896 he was on special duty with the Pamir Commission.
He retired from the Indian Medical Service and the Superintendent-
ship of the Museum on December 29th, 1907. The Trustees of the
Museum, at their meeting held on December 6th, passed the
following resolution as regards his retirement, and directed that a
notice of his connection with the Museum should be published as
a mark of their esteem :—
“As Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock’s approaching retirement from
‘Government service has been gazetted since the last meeting of
“the Trustees, they take the earliest opportunity to express their
‘“sense of the value of his work in India to the Museum and to
the science of Zoology. It is not within their province to
comment upon his scientific researches, which have received the
approbation of the scientific world in Europe and America, but
they are well aware that it is to Colonel Alcock that the excellent
arrangement of the bulk of the research collections in the Museum
‘and of several of the public galleries is entirely due. His wide
knowledge, untiring diligence, and scientific acumen are acknow-
ledged by all who have been connected with the Museum. The
Trustees are gratified to hear that Colonel Alcock does not in-
‘tend to sever his connection with the Museum entirely, but
proposes to continue in England his invaluable work upon the
collection of Crustacea.”’
Colonel Alcock’s connection with the Indian Museum may be
said to have commenced when he became Surgeon Naturalist on
the Indian Marine Survey Ship “ Investigator.’’ Year by year in
the monsoon season when the ship was laid up in Bombay harbour,
he came to work in Calcutta on the material dredged during the
preceding winter, and thus established an association with the late
-
a
~
-
-
~
A
-
o
“
2 Retirement of Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock. [Vou; Ef.
Mr. J. Wood-Mason, his predecessor as Superintendent, that was
fruitful in scientific work. On the death of Mr. Wood-Mason his
services were put at the disposal of the Trustees, and he became
Superintendent, without, however, leaving the Indian Medical
Service.
In the Museum Colonel Alcock made it his aim to work out, so
far as it was possible for one man to do, the fauna of the deeper parts
of the Indian seas, to set in order the marine collection in the
Museum, and to exhibit to the public a judicious selection of the
animals identified or described by himself and others. ‘The scien-
tific side of this work, in its more general aspect, is known to all
marine zoologists, being embodied in numerous papers and mono-
graphs and in his book “ A Naturalist in Indian Seas,” of which
there is more to be said. It was mainly on account of his mono-
graphs on marine zoology that Colonel Alcock was elected a Fellow
of the Royal Society and received the honorary degree of LL.D.
from his old University of Aberdeen. The work of arranging and
exhibiting the collections of the Museum has naturally a more
limited renown. ‘There are few Museums, however, which can boast
that their marine collections are in better order and better displayed
than is the case in Calcutta. ‘The gradual development which has
made it possible to claim for the Indian Museum its place among
the great reference collections of the world is almost entirely due
to Colonel Alcock’s work in this direction.
He did not, however, confine his attention, while connected
with the Museum, to marine zoology, as his reports on the zoology
of the Pamir Commission and on the reptiles of the Afghan Frontier
Commission of 1895 and his biological notes in the publications of
the Asiatic Society of Bengal attest, while the many dissections
and other preparations he set up in the public galleries of reptiles
and other terrestrial vertebrates prove his care for the interests of
the students of the Calcutta Medical College, to whom he lectured
in disheartening circumstances as regards the absence of all oppor-
tunity for practical classes and the humble place as yet given
to zoology in the Indian medical curriculum. ‘The bird and mammal
galleries are still perhaps the least satisfactory parts of the Museum,
but one man could not bring every section to equal perfection, and
those who remember their previous state can alone appreciate
what was done to improve them in Colonel Alcock’s time.
The “ Naturalist in Indian Seas ”’ (1902) may be regarded as an
epitome and a popularization (in the best sense of the word) of the
greater part of Colonel Alcock’s scientific work in. India. It is a
book that owes its value not only to its erudition and perspicuity
but hardly less to its literary style, in which the strong infusion. of
Shakespeare and other Elizabethan authors is never pedantic, never
frivolous, and never dull. ‘The skill with which such apparently
incongruous elements are fused even into the guide books he pre-
pared for the Museum galleries can only be realized by one who
has attempted, and failed. to complete a work of the kind he left
unfinished. ieee
1908. | ~ Records of the Indian Museum. 3
No account of Colonel Alcock’s zoological work in India would
be complete without some reference to his connection with the
Asiatic Society of Bengal, the scientific collections of which formed
the nucleus of the Indian Museum. He became a member of this
Society in February 1888, was elected Natural History Secretary
in May 1894, General Secretary in April~1895, and Vice-Presi-
dent in February 1901 ; for several years his papers were by far
the most important contributed to the zoological section of the
Society's Journal.
Colonel Alcock has worked, so far as his service in India is
concerned, for his successors rather than himself; but it is for-
tunately impossible to think that his own work for India is finished.
We may confidently hope that it will continue for many years in his
retirement to bear the fruit of his unsurpassed accuracy of obser-
vation, his many-sided enthusiasm, and his literary talent. As his
immediate successor I may be permitted to express my gratitude
not only for the zoological knowledge acquired from him and for his
unfailing kindness in the Museum and in private life, but also for
that sound versatility which prevented the Museum, understaffed
as it is now acknowledged to have been, from becoming a lumber-
room with one corner set in order by a specialist. The admirable
organization of his office, which enabled his successor to take up
the threads of routine mechanically, is another matter for which it
is impossible to be too grateful: although changes will neces-
sarily take place as the Museum grows and develops, the ground-
work will always be that constructed by Colonel Alcock, too
often without recognition and in spite of obstacles of which nothing
was known beyond the Museum walls.
N. ANNANDALE,
CALCUITA : Superintendent, Indian Museum,
January 22nd, 1908. Natural History Section.
LL LP LPL LODO DOO OOOO
4 Papers published by Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock. | VOU. II,
List, OF “PAPE RS BAC. ONS UND TAN
LO OF; OG NS. SPU Bais Ds Ne
A. W. ALCOCK, 1890-10907.
I. GENERAT, MEMOIRS.
(1) On Marine Zoology.
1. Note on the Results of Deep-sea Dredging in 1889-1890.
(Jointly with J. Wood-Mason.)
fAnn. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vii, 1891, pp. I-19 and 186-
272.4
2. On the Deep-sea Dredging of the season 1890-91.
(Jointly with J. Wood-Mason.)
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), viii, 1891, pp. 427-452, pl.
XVil. |
3. An Account of the Deep-sea Collection made by the “ In-
vestigator ’’ during the season of 1892-93.
[J.A. S, B., bein; pt. i, No?’.4, 1803, pp. 169-184, “pls:
Viii-ix. |
4. A Summary of the Deep-sea Zoological Work of the
R.I.M.S. “ Investigator’ from 1884-1897.
[Scientific Memoirs by Medical Officers of the Army of
India, pt. xi, 1899, pp. I-40. |
5. Zoological Gleanings from the R.I.M.S. “‘ Investigator.”’
[Scientific Memoirs by Medical Officers of the Army of
India, pt. xii, I90I1, pp. I~42.]
6. A Naturalist in Indian Seas, or four years with the R.I.MS.
‘‘ Investigator,’ London, 1902, pp. i-xxiv and 1-318; 98 figs.
and a map.
(12) On Bionomic Subjects.
7. Observations on the Gestation of some Sharks and Rays.
[J. A. S. B., lix, pt. ii, No; 1,°1890, pp. 51-56, pl..1.]
8. On the uterine villiform Papillae of Pteroplatea micrura,
and their Relation to the Embryo.
_ (Jointly with J. Wood-Mason.)
[Proc. Roy. Soc., xlix, 1891, pp. 359-367, pls. 7 and 8.]
g. Further Observations on the Gestation of Indian Rays.
(Jointly with J. Wood-Mason.)
[Proc. Roy. Soc., 1, 1891, pp. 202-209. |
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 5
10. On a Viviparous Bathybial Fish from the Bay of Bengal.
[Proc. Zool. Soc., 1891, pp. 226-227. |
rr. On Utero-gestation in Trygon bleekert.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), ix, 1892, pp. 417-427, pl. XIX.
12. Some Observations on the Embryonic History of Prtero-
platea micrura.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x, 1892, pp. 1-8, pl. iv.]
13. A Case of Commensalism between a Gymnoblastic Antho-
medusoid (Stylactis minor) and a Scorpenoid Fish (Minous tnermis).
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x, 1892, pp. 207-214. ]
14. On a New Species of Viviparous Fish of the family
Ophidide.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xvi, 1895, pp. 144-146.]
15. An Instance of the Natural Repellent Effect of ‘ Warning
Colours.”
[J. A. S. B., Ixv, pt. ii, No. 3, 1896, pp. 5397540. |
16. On the Toxic Properties of the saliva of certain “ non-
poisonous ”’ Colubrines.
(Jointly with J,. Rogers.)
[Proc. Roy. Soc., lxx, 1902, pp. 446-454.]
17. On the occurrence of Anopheles (Myzomyia) listoni, a
malaria-carrying mosquito, in Calcutta.
(Jointly with J. R. Adie.)
[Proc; Roy. Soc., lxxvi, 1905, pp. —321.]
II. SYSTEMATIC PAPERS.
(2) Anthozoa.
18. On some Newly-recorded Corals from the Indian Seas.
[JeA. S B., Ixu, pt. 11, No.-2; 18903;, pp. 138-1490, pl. v-]
19. On some Actiniaria from the Indian Seas.
ies os B,, xt, pt. ii, No.3, 71893, pp. 151-154]
20. Note on Calypterinus allmant.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xii, 1893, pp. 29-30. ]
21. On some New and Rare Corals from the Deep Waters of
India.
[J. A. S. B., Ixiii, pt. ii, No. 3, 1894, pp. 186-188. ]
22. An Account of the Deep-sea Madreporaria collected by the
R.I.M.S. “‘ Investigator,” 29 pp., 3 pls.
23. Report on the Deep-Sea Madreporaria of the “ Sihoga:
Expedition.”
(Siboga-Expeditie, 1899-1900. Resultats des Explora-
tions Zoologiques, Botaniques, Oceanographiques et
Geologiques. Publiés par Max Weber. 4to, Pt. xvi a,
1902, Madreporarta. |
6 Papers published by Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock. |Vou. I,
24. Diagnoses and Descriptions of New Species of Corals from
the * "Siboga- Expedition.” m
Be ijdsehr. ds Ned, Dierkund: Vereen;:: (2), Vil, 3; 1902:
pp. 89-115 ;_ 116-123.]
(17) Echinoderma.
25. An Account of the Collection of Deep-sea A sterordea.
[Ann.-Mag. Nat- Hist: (6), x1)1893,. pp. 73-121, ple:
iv—vi. |
(211) Brachiopoda.
26. A New Brachiopod. a
(j.A.S.-B., lxiii, pt:a1, No. 2218904; pp: 130-140, pl-vi]
(tv) Crustacea.
¢ )
27. On the Deep-sea Crustacea collected by the
in 1890-91.
fAnn. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xiii, 1894, pp. 225-245, 32I-
334, 400-41T. |]
28. An Account of a Recent Collection of Deep-sea Crusta-
cea from the Bay of Bengal and Laccadive Sea.
(Jointly with A. R. S.:.Anderson.)
[J. As S. B;, bei, pt. 11, No.3, 1894, pp. 149-185, pli]
29. List of the Shore and Shallow-water Brachyura collected
by the “ Investigator ”’ in 1893-94.
(Jointly with A. R. S. Anderson.)
[J. A. S. B., bxiti, pt. 11, No. 4, 1894, pp. 197-2009. |
30. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No.1. The
Brachyura Oxyrhyncha.
[J. ASS. Bj -Lsiv, “pti, -INo. 2 1895,° pp? 157-201, pls,
iii-v.]
Investigator
31. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 2: The
Brachyura Oxystoma.
[J- A. S. B., xv, pt. a, No.2, 1806; ppv 134-206. eps.
vi-vill. |
32. Description of a New Species of Branchipus from Calcutta.
(J. Ay 8. B, lzy.pt. 1, No.3, 1806, pp.538-530, plea)
33. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 3. The
Brachyura Cyclometopa. Pt. 1. The Family Xanthide.
[J. A. Se Be, levi, pt-11,No. 171608, pp. 672233
34. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No.4. The
Brachyura Cyclometopa. Pt. ii. The Families Portunide, Can-
crid@ and Corystide.
[J. A.-S. B., lxviti, pt. ii, No. 1, 1899, pp. I~104.]
35. An Account a the Deep-sea brachyvura collected by the
R.I.M.S. “ Investigator,” pp. 1-85, 4 pls.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. Aer]
36. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 5. The
Brachyura Primigenia or Dromiacea.
Pe ALS B., ixviit, pt..u,No, 3, 1899, pp... 123-1609. ]
37. An Account of the Deep-sea Crustacea: dredged by the
‘* Investigator ’’ in 1897-98.
(Jointly with A. R. S.’ Anderson)
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), iii, 1899, pp. I-27, 278-292. ]
38. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 6. -The
Brachyura Catometopa.
[J. A. S. B., lxix, pt. ii, No. 3, 1900, pp. 279-456. ]|
39. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Deep-Sea Crustacea, Mac-
yvura and Anomala in the Indian Museum, Igo1, pp. 1-286, pls.
i-ill.
40. Catalogue of Decapod Crustacea in the Indian Museum.
Pt. i. Brachyura. Fascicle i. Introduction and Dromides or Dro-
miacea (Brachyura primigenta), LQO1, pp. i-ix and 1-80, pl. A, i-vil.
4t. Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea in the Indian
Museum. Pt. ii. Anomura. Fascicle i. Pagurides, 1905, pp. i-x1
and 1-197, pls. i-xvi.
42. Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea in the Indian
Museum. Pt. iii. Macrura. Fascicle i. The Prawns of the Peneus
group, 1906, pp. i-t1 and 1-55, pls. 1-vu1.
43. Marine Crustaceans, Paguride.
[Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive
Archipelagoes. Stanley Gardener II, pt. iv, pp. 827-835,
pl. Ixvut. |
44. On a new species of the Dorippoid genus Cymonomus trom
the Andaman Sea, considered with reference to the geographical
distribution of the Dorippide.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xv, 1905, pp. 565-576, pl.
XVili. |
45. A Revision of the genus Peneus.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvi, 1905, pp. 508-532.]
(v) Pushes.
46. List of the Pleuronectide obtained in the Bay of Bengal in
1888 and 1889, with Descriptions of New and Rare Species.
lie A. S: B.,-lviii, pt, it, No.3, 1889,. pp. 279-205, pls:
XVi-XVIil. |
47. Descriptions of some New and. Rare Species of Fishes from
the Bay of Bengal, obtained during the season of 1888-89.
[J. A.S. B., lviii, pt. ii, No. 3, 1889, pp. 296-305, pl. xxii.]
48. On the Bathybial Fishes of the Bay of Bengal and neigh-
bouring waters, obtained during the seasons 1885-89.
.fAnn. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), iv, 1889, pp. 376-399 and
450-401. } |
8 Papers published by Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock. |Vou. I,
49. On the Bathybial Fishes collected in the Bay of Bengal
during the season 1889-90.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vi, 1890, pp. 197-222, pls.
Vili-1x. |
50. On the Bathybial Fishes of the Arabian Sea, obtained
during the season 1889-90.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vi, 1890, pp. 295-311. |
51. On some Undescribed Shore-Fishes from the Bay of Bengal.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vi, 1890, pp. 425-443. ]
52. On the Deep-sea Fishes collected by the “ Investigator ’’ in
1890-91.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6)
138, pls. vii-viii. |
vili, 1891, pp. 16-34, I1g-
53. On the Bathybial Fishes collected by the ‘‘ Investigator ”’
in 1891-92.
[Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x, 1892, pp. 345-365, pl.
XViii. |
54. An Account of a Recent Collection of Bathybial Fishes from
the Bay of Bengal and from the Laccadive Sea.
[J. A. S.-B.; xan, pts ii, No.-2, 1804, pp. 115=137,"pls:
Vi-vil. |
55. A Supplementary List of Marine Fishes of India, with Des-
criptions of two new Genera and eight new Species.
[J. A. 5. B., Ixv, pt. 11, No. 3, 1896, pp. 301-338. ]
56. A note on the Deep-sea Fishes, with Descriptions of some
uew Genera and Species, including another probably Viviparous
Ophidioid.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ii, 1898, pp. 136-156. ]
57. An Account of the Deep-sea Fishes collected by the
R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator’’; being a descriptive Catalogue of the
Deep-sea Fishes contained in the collection of the Indian Museum.
(vt) Reptilia and Amphibia.
58. On a New Species of Flying Lizard from Assani.
[Jo As FB, ixiv pt. 1; No, 1, 1895, pps 14-15, ple
59. An Account of the Reptilia collected by Dr. F. P. May-
nard, Capt. A. H. McMahon, C.I.E., and the Members of the
Afghan-Baluch Boundary Commission of 1896.
(Jointly with F. Finn.)
[J. A: S. B., Ixv, pt. ii, No. 4, 1896, pp. 550-566, pls.
XI-Xv, |
60. Description of, and Reflections upon, a new species of
Apodous Amphibian from India.
[Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xiv, 1904, pp. 267-272, pl.
Vil. ]
1908, | Records of the Indian Museum. 9
II. OTHER (OFFICIAL) PUBLICATIONS.
1. Illustrations of the Zoology of the R.I.M.S. “ Investiga-
tor,’’ 1892—1907.
(Jointly with J. Wood-Mason, A. &. S. Anderson, A. F.
McArdle, A. C. MacGilchrist and N. Annandale.)
Fishes .. pls. i-xxxviil.
Crustacea—
Malacostraca oo Mi bexiox,
Entomostraca ,» i-i.
Echinoderma .. ,, i-v.
Mollusca . 4, 1-XVIll.
2. Report on the Natural History Results of the Pamir
Boundary Commission of 1895.
Pages I-18; 32-45; 4 pls.
3. A Guide to the Zoological Collections exhibited in the
Invertebrate Gallery of the Indian Museum.
Pages I-155, with 1 plan.
4. A Guide to the Zoological Collections exhibited in the Rep-
_ tile and Amphibia Gallery of the Indian Museum.
Pages 1-47, with 1 plan.
5. A Guide to the Zoological Collections exhibited in the Fish
Gallery of the Indian Museum.
2
ay
ee
“i
cn
fet
be Lob EAU NA OF BRACKISH PONDS
AT POR CANNING, LOWER BENGAL.
Part VII.—FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE POLYzOA,
WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS
OF ENTOPROCTA.
by N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum.
A considerable change has taken place in the Polyzoa of the
ponds this winter, apparently owing to last summer’s floods, which
broke down the embankment that separated the ponds from the
river, joining them together temporarily. It will, therefore, be well
to publish the observations arising from a visit to Port Canning in
December, 1907, both as regards the species already recorded
and as regards a new genus that appears to have been introduced
since last winter. A comparison with European specimens, more-
over, has also made it necessary to recognize the Bengal Victorella
as a distinct species
WeLOeROCGIA:
Victorella bengalensis, sp. nov.
V. pavida, Kent, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus., 1, p. 200.
The numerous colonies recently obtained in the ponds are more
luxuriant than any I have seen before in India. Thanks to the
kindness of Mr. R. Kirkpatrick, of the British Museum, and Mr.
C. F. Rousselet, I have been able to compare them with some ex-
ceedingly beautiful preparations of the true Victorella pavida made
by the latter. In my former account of the form that occurs at
Port Canning, I stated that I had found no specimens in which the
proliferation was comparable in complexity with that of the colony
of which a part is figured by Kraepelin in fig. 75, pl. iii of his
Siisswasser-Bryozoen. Examples taken in the ponds this winter,
however, are quite as complicated. The general appearance of the
colonies is that of a thick fur coating the grass stems, etc., on which
they grow. When free from green alge they are of a very pale
flesh-colour as a whole, some of the zocecia being tinged with yellow,
but the majority being practically colourless. The exact tint of
the stomach depends on its contents, but it has intrinsically a
12 N. ANNANDALE: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. |Vou. II,
faint vellowish tinge. [he complexity of budding is well illustrated
by the accompanying figure (fig. 1) of the upper part of a parent
zocecium with its buds of the first, second, third and fourth degrees.
As a rule buds of the first degree arise direct from the upper part
of a large zocecium, but sometimes a short tubular outgrowth
intervenes, such outgrowths being more common in the case of
buds of younger generations. A common form of what we may
take as the unit of the colony (v7z., a parent zocecium and its direct
offspring produced by budding) is that of an upright stem (the
parent zocecium) with a single antler-like branch, consisting of buds
and their buds, at one side; but two or more such branches are not
infrequently produced. _
No trace of resting buds was found in specimens killed on Decem-
ber 24th,
ic. 1.—V. bengalensis, Port Canning, Dec. 1907.
In the following points the Indian species differs from the
European examples of V. pavida I have examined :—
(1) in the small size of the swelling from which the zocecia arise ;
(2) in the fact that a considerable number of zocecia are fre-
quently grouped together with very short intervening
false stola ;
(3) in the more powerful development of the gizzard ;
(4) in the fact that the distal part of some of the adult zocecia
is approximately circuiar in cross-section.
In the first two of these points, and to some extent in the
fourth, V. bengalensis resembles Rousselet’s recently described
V. symbrotica! from Lake Tanganyika; but we have no details of
the anatomy of this African form, which was found growing in
the substance of a freshwater sponge very much in the same
| acey 2 yy . ee ae ns
: fie Z00l, Soc., 1907 (1), p. 255.. The colonies seen by Mr. Rousselet were
apparently devoid of lateral buds, but so are many examples of V. bengalensis.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 13
Spongilla lacustris in Kurope and in S. carteri, S. reticulata and
S. crassissima in India. The Port Canning form of Vvctorella
has not as yet been found in close connection with the sponge
(S. alba) so common in the same ponds, but owing to the small
area of the objects to which the colonies are attached, the
zocecia are crowded together in very much the same way as would
be the case if they were included in the substance of a sponge;
they stand to one another, to put the matter in a different way,
in much the same relation as the zocecia of Plumatella coralloides
stand to the tissues of the sponge in which they are inclosed.
All the zocecia of V. symbiotica figured by Rousselet are
circular in cross-section throughout ; while in V. bengalensis some
are circular or nearly so, some distinctly square.
The nature of the gizzard, which in the Indian form though
thin-walled (as compared with that of Bowerbanktia) is decidedly
muscular, may be a more important feature from a systematic
point of view. Saville Kent denied that V. pavida had a gizzard
at all, while Bousfield called attention to its existence. That
the statement of the former author was due to a misapprehen-
sion is very possible, for even Hincks, whose experience of the
Polyzoa was very much greater, at first placed the form he after-
wards called Bowerbankia caudata in the genus Valkeria, on the
ground that it had no gizzard. In this case, however, Hincks
had only somewhat badly preserved specimens on which to base
his diagnosis in the first instance, while Kent observed his speci-
mens alive and was accustomed to minute microscopic investi-
gation. I cannot, therefore, see any ground at present for sepa-
rating the Vzctorella of Lower Bengal generically from that of
Europe, although I am forced to regard it as a new species, for
it is possible that the nature of the gizzard is a variable charac-
ter, while the exact form of the connection between the zocecia
is one that actually differs in different parts of the same colony :
as a rule it has the quadriradiate formation regarded as so im-
portant by Rousselet, whose remarks on this point (op. c?t.,. p.
252) are in full agreement with mine (Rec. Ind. Mus., 1, p. 201)
on the “false stolon”’ of the Paludicellide.
I have recently found Victorella in a pond of fresh water near
Calcutta, the specimens agreeing in every respect with those taken
this winter at Port Canning.
Bowerbankia caudata (Hincks).
I have been able to observe no difference between the speci-
mens taken last year and those taken this. In several of the
tanks I found colonies of the species interlaced with colonies of
the hydroid Jvene cevlonensis, which the floods already alluded
to have apparently enabled to extend its range in the ponds con-
siderably, as it was previously found in one of them only but is
now common in nearly all. It will, I think, be convenient to dis-
tinguish the Port Canning form as ‘‘ race bengalensis.”’
14 N. ANNANDALE: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou. HU,
ENTOPROCTA.
Among dense masses of Victorella, Bowerbankia and Irene
on grass stems I noticed, in some preserved material obtained
from Port Canning at the beginning of December, 1907, numerous
little polypoid organisms, evidently Entoproctous polyzoa. Their
condition made it impossible to examine them properly, but on
December 24th I was able to collect living specimens. An in-
vestigation based on these and on carefully preserved material
proved them to represent a new genus, for which I have coined
the name Loxosomatoides, in order to indicate its resemblance in
one important character to Loxosoma; in some of its characters,
however, it resembles Pedicellina more closely, and in others
Urnatella, while it is perhaps more closely allied to the American
Myosoma than to any other genus.
LOXOSOMATOIDES, gen. nov.
Colonial, deciduous Entoprocta arising from a creeping stolon ;
the calyx separated from the stalk by a diaphragm, with a slanting
or vertical lophophore, and bearing on its aboral surface a chitinous
shield, which is absent from the stalk.
Loxosomatotdes colomalis, sp. nov.
Colony consisting of a large number of polypides, which arise,
singly and at considerable intervals, from a sparsely branched,
unsegmented stolon. Stalk smooth, minutely and irregularly annu-
lated, variable in length. Calyx with from twelve to sixteen
tentacles, which are bluntly pointed and relatively short. The
shield borne on the aboral surface covering the whole of one
side of the calyx, of an oval shape, covered with a large number
of minute subrectangular depressions, which are separated from
one another by narrow ridges, giving the whole structure a reticu-
lated appearance ; stout spines, very variable in number and size,
scattered irregularly on the shield. Alimentary canal more or
less asymmetrical, the colon emerging from the stomach at one
side ; stomach subspherical, very large.
Two distinct forms of the species can be distinguished. It
is impossible to separate them specifically, because polypides inter-
mediate between them occur, but the colonies representing them are
quite easy to distinguish as colonies, and the differences are prob-
ably due to differences in environment.
Form A.—Stalk much longer than calyx, clean; calyx of
full-grown polypide measuring about 0°414 mm. in vertical length ;
spines on shield not very strongly developed (figs. 2, 3).
Form B.—Stalk not or very little longer than calyx, encrusted
with inorganic débris; calyx of full-grown polypide measuring
about 0°357 mm. in vertical length; spines on shield strongly
developed, black at the tip (fig. 4).
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 15
Form A was found growing amidst dense colonies of Victorella,
Bowerbankia and Ivene, while Form B was by itself on grass stems.
The structure of the new Entoproct does not differ materially
from that of other members of the group; its main outlines are
FIG. 3.
FIGS. 2 AND 3.—L. colonialis, form A, x 70 (from preserved specimens).
clearly shown in fig. 5, which is drawn from a camera-lucida sketch
of a carefully stained specimen. It will be well, however, to give
a brief description of the more important and conspicuous organs.
Fic. 4.—L. coloniahs, form B, x 7o (from preserved specimen).
Lophophore—
The extended lophophore bears a very close resemblance
to that of Uvrnatella as figured by Leidy, owing not only to
the direction of its main axis but also to the outline of the
sphincter muscle, which in the living polypide has, when relaxed, a
16 _N. ANNANDALE: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vo1,. II,
peculiarly delicate and at the same time expanded appearance ; it
extends as a delicate, web-like structure for a considerable distance
beyond the circle of tentacles. The tentacles are distinctly
webbed at the base, apart from the sphincter, and, like those of
Pedicellina, terminate somewhat abruptly. The fringe of cilia
appears to be continuous round the distal extremity. When the
tentacles are folded and the sphincter is contracted, the integument
drawn together forms a papilla on the surface, the aperture being
extremely minute and having a tubular form. ‘The direction of
the lophophore is capable of a certain change. When contracted,
it stands parallel to the main axis of the calyx, but when the
sphincter is fully relaxed it slants considerably.
Fic. 5.—Anatomy ‘of L. colontalis: A=anus; C=colon; F=fecal pellet;
G=young ovary; M-=mouth; N=ganglion; R-=rectum; S=stomach; Sh =
aboral shield: T=base of tentacles.
Calyx—
Owing to the presence of the aboral shield, the calyx is more
rigid and less liable to change in outline than is the case with some
Entoprocta. It has an ovoid and slightly flattened shape, the
flattening being in the plane at right angles to the main axis of
the calyx. ‘The cuticle is fairly thick, but smooth and quite trans-
parent on what may be called, in Loxosomatotdes, the oral surface
of the calyx; on the aboral surface it is thickened and chitinized
to form the aboral shield. ‘The spines are variable in outline ; as
a rule they are bluntly pointed; when they are well developed
their tips are pigmented. Otherwise the shield has a yellowish
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 17
colour in living polypides and i specimens preserved in spirit. In
specimens which have been cleared with cedar-wood or clove oil and
mounted in canada balsam, however, the whole shield practically
disappears, unless some method of double staining is employed.
Alimentary Canal—
When the tentacles are unfolded the circle of the lophophore
surrounds a relatively large vestibule, the floor of which is often
rather deeply concave, its exact form depending on the state of
the alimentary canal. It is covered with long cilia which waive
towards the mouth, a large circular aperture situated at the lower
end of the vestibule. The mouth leads into a funnel-shaped cesopha-
gus, which opens in its turn into the stomach, to which it is at right
angles ; the opening is almost exactly in the middle of the anterior
(“oral’’) surface of the stomach. ‘There is no epistome. ‘The
colon, a wide tube which can be entirely shut off from the stomach
by a constriction, starts from one side of the latter but bends round
behind it in such a way that the rectum, which is separated from
the colon by a distinct constriction, comes to lie parallel to the
cesophagus. ‘The rectum is capable of great contraction and
often takes on a spherical outline. In this condition it does not
Fic. 6.—L. colonialis, polypide with retracted lophophore, from in front.
reach the floor of the vestibule but lies at the base of a narrow pit
devoid of cilia. When the rectum is extended, however, the anus
opens on the floor of the vestibule a short distance from ‘its
upper limits. Of all the divisions of the alimentary canal the
stomach is by far the most bulky, filling up the greater part of the
space in the calyx. Its anterior and posterior walls consist of
greatly elongated cells; its base is fastened to the base of the
calyx by means of a strand of tissue apparently resembling a dice-
box in shape but very difficult to distinguish clearly as it takes all
the stains I have tried on it feebly. The only part of the animal
(except the shield) that is not absolutely colourless, is the stomach,
which has a faint yellowish tinge,
18 N. ANNANDALE: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou. II,
Gonads—
The gonads arise as a pair of small reniform bodies, one lying
on each side of the stomach. They branch as they develop,
however, and become at first lobate, then dendritic, and finally
form a broad zone, interrupted in front and behind, round the
calyx, the branches being closely pressed together. All the colonies
I have examined have been either male or female as colonies, but
there were some indications in the female ones of protandry having
occurred. I have not seen fully ripe ovaries or embryos, and am
uncertain whether a brood-pouch exists.
Nervous System—
A relatively large ganglion exists near the centre of the calyx,
in the bend of the alimentary canal, and sends off radiating nerves.
Its position isthe same as that occupied by the ganglion of Pedicel-
lina.
Musculature—
I have been unable to detect muscles in the calyx, unless
the structure joining the stomach to the base of the calyx is of
this nature. The greater part of the stalk consists of vertical,
nucleated muscle-fibres.
Stalk—
The stalk is covered by a smooth, minutely annulated cuticle,
not very thin but quite transparent and colourless. Within the
cuticle, for ashort distance below the calyx, there is a single layer of
flattened cells with nuclei that stain deeply ; but this layer only
extends for a short distance. The diaphragm is tangential to the
main axis of the stalk. The remainder of the stalk apparently con-
sists of a uniform mass of muscle-fibres. Whether flame-cells occur
in this mass I am unable to say, not having cut sections. The calyx
apparently dies at not very infrequent intervals and falls off, leav-
ing a pointed tip to the stalk. A new calyx is then formed within
the distal part of the stalk, apparently from that part of it which
possesses. a layer of flattened cells immediately within the cuticle.
M ovements—
The movements of the polypide are slow, except in the case
of the tentacles and sphincter muscle, which are folded in and
contracted with great rapidity. The tentacles, when extruded,
are usually held with their tips bent inwards towards the centre
of the circle outlined by the lophophore, but they can be straight-
ened out so as to lie parallel to the main axis of the polypide, and
their tips can be applied together when they are fully extended,
in order that food, consisting of various minute organisms, may
be seized between them. I am indebted to my friend, Mr. F. M.
Howlett, for the sketches reproduced in figure 7 and representing
living polypides in various attitudes.
TOOS. | Records of the Indian Museum. 1g
The calyx, when the tentacles are stretched out, either stands
up vertically on the stem or is bent backwards so that its main
axis is at right angles to that of the stalk and the lophopore is
parallel or almost parallel to the stolon. When the animal is
disturbed the calyx bends forwards and the aboral shield is pre-
sented in the direction from which danger threatens. At the
same time slow writhing movements, which seldom cease altogether,
cause the stalk to curl into a loose spiral with a single whorl. ‘There
is not, however, any nodding of the calyx such as takes place in
some Entoprocta with deciduous calices.
A finities—
In its mode of growth Loxosomatoides closely resembles Ped-
celina, from which the direction of the lophophore at once distin-
guishes it; Loxosoma it only resembles in this one particular.
The polypides bear a very close resemblance to young polypides
BIiGw 7.
of the freshwater North American genus Urnatella' in which the
stalk has not yet become segmented ; this is particularly the case
as regards the lophophore and the sphincter muscle. Probably,
however, the closest affinities are with Myosoma,’ in which an
aboral shield is developed but extends down the aboral surface of
the stalk. This genus, as its name is intended to indicate, is dis-
tinguished by the possession of definite muscles in the calyx, a
character which I have been unable to detect in Loxosomatotdes.
The aboral shield of the new genus and of Myosoma is possibly
homologous with the zocecium of the Ectoprocta, but a study of
its development would be necessary before it would be possible to
make a definite statement on this point.
| Leidy, Journ. Acad. Na’. Sci. Philadelphia, ix (2), p. 5, pl. i, fig. 5, 1884.
2 Robertson, ‘* Studies in Pacific Coast Entoprocta,”’ Prec. California Acad.
Sct., 11 (3), p. 324, 1900.
: AS a
Li DESCRrPTION+sOF A NEW “DUCT Y O-
NeaNeE = ee O N:GeE bh ROM TH be IN DLAN
OC BAN:
By R, KIRKPATRICK
(Plate i.)
On the occasion of a visit to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, I
was kindly permitted by Dr. Annandale, the Superintendent of the
Museum, to inspect the collection of Sponges. Among the treasures
obtained from the Indian Ocean by the ‘“‘Investigater,’ were
several dictyonine sponges of very elegant and remarkable form, all
belonging to a species which had not been described before. For
reasons stated below I consider the species to come under Eurete,
despite the fact that there is no ‘‘ beautiful network” of anasto-
mosing tubes, but simply a vertical hollow stem with hollow
separate lamelle. Dr. Annandale entrusted the material to me
for description, and I propose to name the new species Furete
annandalet.
Family EURETIDA, F. E. Schuize.
Genus EURETE, Semper.
1868. Eurete, Semper. Verhandl. Wiivzburg pliys. med. Gesellsch.,
Neue Folge, band i. Szézb., July 18, 1868, p. xxix.
1887. Eurete, Schulze. ‘‘Challenger’’ Report, Hexactinellida,
Da 250,
1899. Eurete, Schulze. Amertkantsche Hexactinelliden, p. Loo.
1904. Eurete, Wilson. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xxx.
No. 1, ‘‘ Albatross ’’ Exp., 1891, Sponges, p. 62.
Eurete annandalet, sp. nov.
Sponge in form of an erect, hollow, sub-cylindrical column
with four vertical longitudinal series of lamellate branches at right
angles to the central column and arranged in opposite pairs, each
pair forming angles of 50° and 130° with the pair immediately above
and below. Lamellate branches tubular at place of origin, then
explanate and obcordate, and with thin margin; with a wel
defined round orifice on the upper and under surface of each
lamella. With two kinds of scopule, with small hexactins, and
micro-discohexasters.
Z.E.V. 1422
Localities.—One_ specimen, 2
d
(fig. 2), trom Lat.
: : : Z.E.V. 2145
7°55’ N., Long. 81° 47’ E., 506 fathoms ; six specimens, — dea
/
Xe) R. KIRKPATRICK: A New Dictyonine Sponge. [Vov. U,
(fig. x), from Station 321; Lat. 5° 4° 84° N., Long. 80° 222 E660
fathoms.
Of the seven specimens the best preserved is the broken one (B)
depicted in fig. 2, in which many of the flesh spicules still remain,
but neither in this nor the others are there any traces of the
spicules of the dermal or gastral layers.
The other specimens consist only of the dictyonal network ;
and the central tube is mostly filled with mud.
In the longest specimen (A, fig. 1) the central sub-cylindrical
column is 17 cm. in length, I°4:cm. in diameter near the base,
and I cm. in diameter at the upper end. The specimen rises
from a solid disk-like base 3 cm.in diameter. In three of the smaller
specimens the basal disk is perforated by an opening leading into
the axial gastral cavity. The thickness of the wall of the central
column varies from I°1 to 1°2 mm. In the inner wall are four
vertical rows of orifices leading to the lamellate branches.
In several of the specimens the lumen of the central tube is
filled with mud ; in one instance there are several minute Ophiurids.
In five of the specimens the inner wall is smooth and the lumen
bare of structure. ‘The upper end of the central cylinder opens by
an oval orifice with the long axis forming angles of 50° and 130°
with the axis of the lamellar pair immediately below, and with the
margins slightly flared out. In specimen A is an incomplete (?)
vertical partition of slender dictyonal network, so that there is an
appearance of a double tube. The presence of mud makes it
difficult to discover whether the partition is complete or not;
possibly at first there is a complete partition which becomes
ruptured as the sponge grows. In specimen B there are, on the
inner wall, alternating pairs of longitudinal vertical ridges situated
on a level with the orifices leading to the branches and in a
plane at right angles to them.
The lameliate branches or lamelle—
The lamelle are arranged at right angles to the central tubu-
lar axis, and in opposite pairs, each pair forming angles of 50° and
130° with the pair above or below it, the open or obtuse angle of
the >< thus formed (fig. 8) being 130° and the acute angle 50°.
A botanical colleague informs me that the four rows are
orthostichous, and that the arrangement in opposite pairs
alternately crossing, but not at right angles might be described as
spuriously decussate. Looking down on the specimen from above,
the wall of the central tube is visible along the course of the opposite
obtuse angles, but is concealed by the overlapping lamelle along
the line of the acute angles. Again, viewed in front there is an
appearance of bilateral symmetry, 7.e., of two series of alternat-
ing lamellee on each side of the spaces bounded by the opposite
obtuse angles ; but the branches or lamelle develop in opposite
pairs, accordingly the bilateral symmetry is a secondary develop-
ment,
~
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. D,
Specimen A has twenty pairs of lamelle, 2.e., four vertical
series of ten.
The lamellz, in the well-preserved specimen B, have a short,
sub-cylindrical, laterally compressed stem ; but this is less obvious
in the other specimens, in which the branches come off at once as
flat leaflets. The lamellee are saddleshaped with the lateral edges
curving downwards ; accordingly, in the fragmentary specimen B,
it was possible to see at a glance which were the upper and lower
ends of the specimen.
The lowest and oldest branches are reduced almost to mere
ridges. A fully formed lamella is 19 mm. long, and 18 mm.
wide.
The single circular orifices on the upper and lower surfaces
are 4 mm. in diameter, and with well-defined slightly raised rim.
The upper orifice, obliquely directed and pointing upwards and
outwards, is further away from the central column than the lower,
which points downwards and outwards. In two instances there is
a third orifice near the upper edge, suggesting an atavistic return
to the form of colony with anastomosing tubes such as is found
in the less specialised species of Eurete.
The orifices on the lower surface of the lamella persist to a
greater degree than those on the upper. Along one vertical series,
for instance, all the ten lower surface ones are open, but only the
four highest of the upper surface ones. In the orifices more recently
closed up it is still possible to see the outline below the thin layer
of dictyonal skeleton.
Several of the lamelle in B have a denticulate process or tongue
on the inner margin of the upper orifice and a larger one on the
outer margin of, or quite external to, the lower orifice.
The lamelle are hollow at their origin, but beyond the ort-
fices the upper and lower lamine meet to form a thin edge.
The Skeleton.—The dictyonal network does not present any
striking peculiarities. ‘The network has square or oblong meshes,
sometimes of considerable length, below the surface ; but at the
surface the meshes form polygonal areas, each polygon being divided
by spokes radiating from a centre, into triangular spaces.
From the nodes arise spines varying in length, shape, thick-
ness and character of surface, but for the most part cylindrical,
knobbed and slightly tuberculated, and sufficiently numerous to
give the surface of the sponge a hirsute appearance to the
naked eye. The spines round the lamellar orifices are very short
and terminate in spherical knobs. Among these spines are numer-
ous specimens of a Lituoline Foraminifer, which often so closely
resembles the spines, that it is not easy to distinguish them from
the latter. This organism is cylindrical, with a bulbous base, and
with a surface layer of overlapping, fine, diamond-shaped,
vitreous plates. ‘he resemblance between the skeletal spines and
the Foraminifer is so close as almost to suggest protective mimicry ,;
though at the same time it is difficult to imagine how such a
minute organism could profit in this manner,
bf
24 R. KIRKPATRICK: A New Dictyonine Sponge. (VOL. I, 1908.]
The dictyonal network does not fine off at the growing edges
into a single laver as commonly happens in Farrea, and rarely in
Furete.
Spicules.—Scopule of two kinds. 1. With four or five
knobbed prongs (fig. 10), 436 » in total length, the prongs being
62 » long; the shaft, which 1s slightly swollen at the point of
origin of the prongs, is roughened at the upper and lower end ;
the lower end is blunt-pointed ; the prongs are coarsely granular ;
and the pyriform knobs provided with retrocedent spines ; the shaft,
which is swollen at the cladal origin, is roughened at the upper
and lower ends ; the lower end rather blunt-pointed usually ; the
prongs, 62 » long, are coarsely granular, and the pyriform knobs
provided with retrocedent spines. 2. Scopule with lanceolate
prongs (fig. 11), total length 694 »; the whole surface smooth ;
shaft 6°5 » thick at centre, swollen at cladal end to II». Prongs,
usually five in number, smooth, lanceolate, 82 » in length.
I found both kinds of scopule on the dermal side, and was
unable to make out any distinction between dermal and gastral
scopule.
Small hexactins, varying a good deal in size, but with rays on
an average 400 to 450 » in length, with finely spined surtace.
Discohexasters 44°5 , in total diameter, with smooth primary
rays 6°25 » long, each primary with four roughened curved, second-
ary rays 16 long, each ending in minute disk with finely denticu-
late edge.
A ffinities.-—The new species in its general form comes nearer to
Eurete erectum, FE. Schulze (l.c., supra, p. 106), and its varieties
(Wilson, /.c., supra, p. 62, e¢ seg.), than to other species of the
genus, but at the same time there are great differences.
In £. evectum there is a tendency to form a long axial growth
rather than a clump of anastomosing tubes. In LE. evectum var.
tubuliferum, Wilson, there is only a single axis with lateral branches,
as in the new species ; in this variety the lateral branches are at
first cup-like, with flaring edges, which latter in more developed
branches curve over and meet in such a way as to leave an orifice
at each end of the line of junction.
In EF. annandalet a great degree of specialisation has arisen ,
the simple tube or cup expands into a hollow lamella in which the
coalescent edges form the margin of a leaf-like lamina.
The upper and lower laminar orifices represent the openings
left by the partial fusion of the edges of the simple tubular branch.
In spite of the high degree of specialisation attained in this
species by the branches and their openings, it did not seem neces-
sary to place the form under a new genus. In other Euretid
sponges we find great divergence from the anastomosing tubular
srowth even within the limits of the same species, as in Farrea
occa (Bowerbank) var. laminaris, ‘Topsent (Résult. Camp. Scr.
Monaco, tasc. xxv, p. 44, -pl. vi, figs. 1, 2), and F. occa var.
foliascens, Topsent (Bull. Mus, Oceanograph. Monaco, November
1906, p. I).
EXPLANATION. OF PLATE I.
—Eurete annandalet, sp. nov. Specimen A, nat. size.
.—Specimen B, nat. size.
—Section of a third specimen showing interior of axial
column, nat. size.
4.—Upper surface of a lamella, nat. size.
5.—Under surface of same, nat. size.
6.—Side view of same, nat. size.
7.—Front view of same, nat. size.
8.—Diagrammatic transverse section to show angle at
which branches cross.
g.—Uncinate, x 160.
10.—Knobbed scopula, x 160; 10a, cladal end of
another spicule, x 425.
11.—Lanceolate scopula, x 160; 11 a, cladal end of
another spicule, x 425.
12.—Hexactin, x I60.
13.—Discohexaster, x 425.
won x
I.
MUS. Vol. I], 1908.
IND.
REC.
rn. a
E ANNANDALEL
|
BURE
ELI.-NOTES ON FRESHWATER SPONGES.
By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum.
VIII.—PRELIMINARY NOTICE OF A COI,LECTION FROM WESTERN
INDIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES.
The following sponges were collected in November last in the
Gwalior Tank, Bombay, in the lake and in a small pond at Igat-
puri in the Western Ghats, and in the Godaveri River at Nasik on
the eastern side of the same range of hills .—
Spongilla lacustris, auctorum, in a pond at Igatpuri.
es cinerea, Carter, on stones in the Godaveri at Nasik.
3 cartert, Bowerbank, in different situations at Bom-
bay and Igatpuri.
a bombayensis, Carter, on stones in the lake at Igat-
puri.
* indica, sp. nov., on stones in the Godaveri at Nasik.
2 lapidosa, sp. nov., together with the last and on
stones at Igatpuri.
[’phydatia indica, Annandale, on stones in a pond at Igatpurt.
The specimens of Sfongilla lacustris are small, but typical ;
those of S. cinerea, S. cartert, S. bombavensis and Ephydatia indica
I have compared with types or co-types. “dactyle. of. the
raptatorial claw ... usually
with no more than six mar-
ginal spines... .. Genus Squtllc.
Bigelow, in a report on the Stomatopods collected by the
‘ Albatross,” follows Brooks in his definition of the genus (Proc.
U. S. Nat. Museum, vol. 17, 1894).
Of the three features chosen to define Squalla from Lyszosquilla,
the ‘‘ Investigator” species exhibits only two, for Lysiosquilla is
the genus which possesses, according to the above definition, not
less than six raptatorial spines (some species of this genus have ten),
In the form of the telson and uropods, however, the new species
is obviously a true Sguilla; the figure (plate 11) shows this better
than any verbal description.
At least two other species of Sguilla possess a larger number
of raptatorial teeth than six. Squilla raphidea, a very widely dis-
tributed species, has eight: S. aymata is referred to by Bigelow
(ant. cit.) as having, ‘‘7 to 9 teeth on the raptatorial claw, rarely
6”; this species evidently resembles S. investigatoris in the nature
of its variability, though this occurs to a less degree in the former
species.
Except tor these two species the genus Sqguilla seems to be
remarkably constant as regards the raptatorial claw. In order to
test and illustrate the stability of this appendage, the number of
teeth on the claws of all the Squillas in the Indian Museum was
counted. The collection is a large one and in excellent order ; as
can be seen from the following list, it has been gathered from eastern
tropical seas in a wide sense, though chiefly from the Bay of Bengal
and the Arabian Sea. It should be mentioned that all of one species
from one named locality have been included in one group, although
they may have been received from different donors at different times.
For example, the 71 specimens of S. iterrupta from Hongkong
were received on four separate occasions, the 39 specimens of S.
hemischista were obtained from three separate stations on the Orissa
coast: the same may be said of the 55 specimens of S. hemischista
from Madras, Although included in one group the specimens were
32 R. EK. Lioyp: Remarkable Cases of Vartation
probably collected from widely separate places.
the true genus Squilla have been included.
squilla and Protosquilla were not counted.
Species.
S. interrupta
9°
S. affinis
S. holoschista
S. hemischista
a
S. strvidulans
”)
a3
. multicarinata
S. tenuispina
1WN
Locality
Sandheads (mouth of.
Hooghly).
Hongkong
Karachi
Bombay
Orissa coast (B. of Bengal)
Mutlah light (mouth of
Hooghly).
Singapore
| Akyab (Burma)
Camorta I. (Nicobars)
Vizagapatam coast
Hongkong
Yokohama
Nagasaki
Madras
Sandheads
~ Colombo
Vizagapatam
| Madras
Orissa coast
Sandheads
Cochin
. | Penang
| Singapore
Ganjam. coast
Bombay
Ganjam port
_Vizagapatam coast
Hongkong ee
Orissa coast (68 fathoms) |
“B. of Bengal’’ (240
fathoms).
Godavery coast (95 fath-
oms).
. Hongkong
Arakan coast -
Off L. Andaman I. (188
fathoms).
Ganjam coast a
Godavery coast (95 fath-
oms). |
Number of Number of
abnormal
norinal
specimens.
nN
iS)
SOG
Tr OO UH NN HH COOH HO HH WW
PN HyH-e
Neen eee mamma mamma ananassae.
a ala ala lala alol ala alo |
ve
17 (§
specimens, only one
claw present, bear-
ing 6 spi
4 (3)
[ VOL. 711;
WwW
—
HH
—
lanl
—
opopee
nes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
als
Nee
eoticsoos6
of!
ala
—
oO
Only species of
Lystosquilla, Pseudo-
“specimens.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum.
Oo
iS)
Number of Number of
Species. Locality. normal abnormal
specimens. specimens.
S. leptosquilla (closely | **B. of Bengal’? (270— BES) O
resembling S. ten- 419 fathoms}.
uispina).
S. polita .. | Madras +» | 13 (3) T (5)
- .. | Pondicherry 3-(z) O
Bombay I (4) I (2)
. Hongkong A 2 (2) O
a .. | Orissa coast Me r (S) O
S. fasczata .. Andamans ay ri) O
S. gorypetes .. Cheduba straits (Burma) rae O
S. gilesit | B. ot Bengal ~- -(65 1° 4.(8) o
fathoms).
S. scorpio (ummacu- Hooghly estuary bo 7 (3) O
lata).
S. scorpio (genuina) | Karachi I (2) O
os .. | Bombay te) 0
S. raphidea .. | Mergui 4 3 (8) I (3)
. .. Bombay -«| 14 (8) OD
| Sandheads s To: (2) O
Rangoon I (z) O
is .. Andamans = I (%) 0
5 .. | Singapore o. 1 .(3) O
- .. | Persian Gulf sae) 0)
a .. | Karachi Tits) O
of .. | Hongkong ew 203) fe)
a .. Gulf of Martaban (61 ite) O
fathoms).
a .. | Off Cape Negrais (Burma) T (8) O
S. ovatorta .. | Bombay os I ($) 0
S. supplex es on I (3) 0
S. chlorida .. Hongkong = 6 (g) 0
S. foveata .. | Ye (Burma) re I (¢) 0
TOTAL 19 63 451 TO
The 451 specimens are, therefore, remarkably stable as regards
number of raptatorial teeth. Variations from the normal type
of the species only occurring to the extent of about 2 per cent.
In their other features the members of this collection seem also
very stable, and in these other features S. tnvestigatorts is itself
very stable: for example, on the outer border of the tail of a
Squilla (exopod of uropodite) are eight movable spines; this
number is very constant throughout the genus, and all of the
seventeen specimens of S. investigatoris possess eight spines in
this situation. The stability of this feature is in striking contrast
to the variability of the claw in the same species.
34 R.. i. Lroyp: Remarkable Cases of Variation. [Vou. II,
The following facts seem, therefore, to be well established :—
(1) The great variability of one feature (the raptatorial
claw) in a particular race of the genus Squzlla.
(2) The comparative stability of the same feature in other
races of the genus from neighbouring seas.
In reference to the same subject the following statements may
also be made, though the supporting evidence is much less sure :—
(3) This variable race of the genus is very common in one
locality ; but is rare (or does not occur) outside that
locality.
No exception can be taken to the first part of this state-
ment. ‘The number of specimens actually taken at one hawl of
the net was recorded as over 500. It is not usual to obtain a new
species in such large numbers, though the records of deep-sea
dredging show similar results from time to time.
The second part of the statement, that this variable race is
rare outside the particular locality where it was found, is, of course,
open to the objection that the fauna of Indian seas is very imper-
fectly known. How far this is true of the genus Sguzlla is fully
shown in the above table, which shows the wide distribution of some
of the species on both sides of the Indian Peninsula,
(4) This variable race occupies an environment (beneath
110 fathoms of water, far from terrestrial influences)
which must be comparatively constant in any one
place, through considerable periods of time: fur-
thermore, the circumstances of this environment
cannot differ widely from those met with close to the
100-fathom line in neighbouring seas.
This statement does not rest on any definite evidence, though
it appears generally true that the conditions of life beneath 1oo
fathoms of water must be less liable to change than in very shallow
water or on land.
The genus Squilla is usually found in shallow water. It is
comparatively rare in depths of over 50 fathoms. In the above list,
the depth has been noted in the case of specimens taken from other
than shallow water. It is not likely that increased depth of water
could in itself produce variation in the direction of an increase of
raptatorial spines. That it has no such influence is shown by
the species S. stvidulans, which has been taken from 68, 240 and
95 fathoms but shows only six raptatorial teeth, still more so by
the species S. ftenuispina and S. leptosquilla which have been taken
from 188, 95, 270 and 419 fathoms, for these species have only
four teeth,
LTheoretical considerations,
‘Taking into consideration the number of teeth on the raptatorial
claw of all the known species of Sqgudlla, it is difficult to believe
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. a5
otherwise than that this variable and many-toothed species has
been derived from a form which had a smaller number of teeth.
This number was probably six, for this is most common throughout
the genus.
One who holds strictly to the idea that such changes are brought
about by the perpetuation and accumulation of minute variations
which occur in any direction, must suppose that the widely dis-
tributed members of the genus are kept constant as regards number
of teeth, because that number suits some peculiarity of their environ-
ment. Any individuals showing variations from that number are
usually unable to reach maturity, for abnormal specimens appear
among a collection of adults to the extent of only 2 per cent.
In order to explain how a form having fifteen teeth was derived
from one having but six, one must believe, if the theory of gradual
change is true, that-a séries of ancestors having 7, 8, 9.... 15
teeth must have existed. Starting from the point when the six-
toothed form gave rise to one having seven teeth, one must imagine
a change in the environment which favoured the few seven-toothed
variations, so that few as they were among the myriads of young,
a comparatively large percentage of them began to reach maturity
and to transmit the new character to their offspring, until seven-
. toothed adults formed a majority and a new species was formed.
By a like process this gave rise to a species having eight teeth.
The change of environment which caused the production of the
seven-toothed form out of the six-toothed, could not produce the
eight-toothed form from the seven-toothed. To produce this a
further change in the environment appears to be necessary. ‘This
change must have been similar in nature to the first change, for it
produced a like effect, but it must have been of increased intensity.
If it were not so, the race would remain seven-toothed. In other
words there must have been a continuous and increasing change
of some particular feature of the environment to have caused the
change in number of teeth from six to fifteen. What this change
could have been is not easy to imagine. The supposition might be
made of a gradual diminution in the size of the favourite prey,
favouring an increase in number of the raptatorial teeth. How-
ever, if one examines, side by side, the claw of a Squzlla with six
teeth, and that of one with fifteen teeth, it seems impossible to
imagine a small animal which could escape from either when the
dactyle is closed down into its opposing groove ; still less can this
supposition account for an increase of one tooth at a time.
The facts of the case, which do not seem to be in favour of the
“Theory of gradual change,” are recorded here as a contribution
to the study of animal variation available for comparison with
similar cases which may be recorded.
Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. II, 1908. PLATE II.
i
i400
t
The dactyles of sixteen specimens of Squilia investigatoris drawn with the
camera lucida, x4. 1a and 16 are the left and right dactyles of the specimen
shown on plate iii.
Certain of the figures (notably 9, 10 and 11) show a tendency for the teeth to
be distributed in pairs as though increase in the number of teeth has been brought
about by duplication in the middle of the series.
a
a
Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. Il, 1908. PLATE III.
S \ )
SS \
S=> \
<——— \
= 2 = \
Mondul del. SQUILLA INVESTIGATORIS. x 2
Ve Dh > C Rae T EON OF sa NEW SPECIES. OF
Pie eR DA OMe Hel 2G Ee NUS. S ALE A
PROM ASSAM .
By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum.
The range of the genus Salea was thought until recently to be
confined {with a possible extension into Ceylon) to Southern India,
where two species (S. horsfieldit and S. anamallayana) occur. In
my ‘‘ Notes on the Oriental Lizards in the Indian Museum ”’ (/oc.
post. cit., p. 81), however, I recorded two specimens from North-
Eastern India, one collected by the late Dr. Stoliczka at Moulmein
in Lower Burma and one by Col. Godwin Austen in North Assam.
The former specimen, a female, agrees in every respect with exam-
ples of S. horsfieldii from the Nilgiris, but the latter must, I now
think, be recognized as the type of a new species, which is here
described.
Salea austentana, sp. nov.
horsfieldu, Gray, Annandale (partim), Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, 1905, p. 86.
Habit rather stout, the adpressed hind limb reaching the
anterior border of the orbit ; tail compressed. tympanum about
half as large as the orbit, its distance from which is distinctly
less than the length of the snout ; width of the orbit a little less
than the length of the snout; canthus rostralis and superciliary
ridge angular; snout slightly concave above, sloping. A curved
fold covered with granular scales in front of the shoulder ; scales
on the back and sides of diverse sizes, bluntly pointed, occasionally
split at the tip, rather feebly keeled, relatively broad; ventrals
triangular, without a terminal spine, feebly keeled, strongly im-
bricate ; gulars smooth, no larger than some of the ventrals ;
scales on the upper surface of the limbs and the lower surface of the
tail strongly keeled. Dorsal and nuchal crests continuous, con-
sisting of a single row of scales (in the female) which are lanceolate
on the neck and triangular on the body, continued on the tail as a
slightly serrated ridge. Colour dull green mottled on the sides with
brown and diversified on the head with the following markings :
a narrow longitudinal line between the eyes that bifurcates in
front and behind, the anterior bifurcation forming the two posterior
sides of a lozenge in outline on the snout, and the posterior one the
two equal sides of an isosceles triangle on the back of the vertex ;
two slanting-shaped lines on the supraocular regions, one on each
side ; a dark streak extending from the lower posterior limit of the
38 N. ANNANDALE: A new species of Lizard [Vo1. II, 1908.]
orbit nearly to the nape ; a series of fine lines radiating from the
eye.
Locality—Hills near Harmatti, Assam.
The type (apparently a female) was collected during the Dafla.
Expedition of 1874-75, and is numbered 3976 in the Indian Museum
register of reptiles. Its dimensions are as follows :—
Length of head and body .. re 2 (OO iin:
Width of head = ie Bh ek oT Age
Length of snout fs te - np PaO ear
Width of orbit ce a 23 3s
Length of tail a me = a= 2305
Length of fore limb .. -e if ee
Length of hind limb .. e af ys On eae
Boulenger’s ‘‘ key’ to the genus in Faun. Brit. Ind., Reptiles,
p. 131, will have to be emended as follows to include the new
species :—
A. No fold in front of the shoulder.
(a) Snout not more than once and a
half as long as the diameter
of the orbit a .. S. horsfieldi.
B. A fold in front of the shoulder.
(a) Snout nearly twice as long as the
diameter of the orbit .. S., anamallayana.
(b) Snout only slightly longer than
the diameter of the orbit .. S. austeniana.
Mr. L,. l,. Fermor, of the Geological Survey of India, has recently
sent to the Museum a specimen of S. horsfieldia captured at the
height of 8,000 feet in the Nilgiris.
~~ oS SEetESEeTSEerwreee — SO
Viti PAUNA OF BRACKIGH PONDS AT
PORT CANNING, LOWER BENGAL.
ParT VIII.—PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTION OF AN OLIGOCHATE
WORM OF UNCERTAIN POSITION.
By J. STEPHENSON, Major, I.M.S., Professor of Biology,
Government College, Lahore.
The worm which forms the subject of the following notice
was sent to me along with a colony of Victorella pavida (on which.
as well as on Bowerbankia caudata and Loxosomatoides, it lives)
by Dr. Annandale, having been found by him in the brackish
pools at Port Canning. The specimens were in a good state of
preservation; but, with the exception of the general outlines
of the alimentary canal, details of internal anatomy are scarcely
to be recognised in preserved specimens ; and the following descrip-
tion has mainly to do with the general external characters and the
sete.
The worms were whitish in colour, and measured (probably
in a somewhat contracted condition) from 1°5 to 4°5 mm. in length ;
the average was from 3 to 4 mm. There is a well-marked pro-
stomium, bluntly conical in shape ; the anterior part of the body
is somewhat swollen in an ovoid manner; then follows a short,
slightly constricted region ; after which the body, enlarging again,
maintains a cylindrical shape to the posterior end. It is possible
that in preserved specimens the anterior end appears more swollen
than during life, since the setal bundles are placed closer together
here; the anterior portion of the body having contracted more,
probably, than the posterior. There are no eyes.
Fic, 1.—Side view of anterior part of body, showing the arrangement of the
setal bundles of one side : pr., prostomium.
The number of segments varies from about 20 to about 30.
The posterior, regularly cylindrical part of the body is consti-
tuted by all the segments after the tenth, the anterior ovoid por-
tion comprises the first eight or nine, and the constricted region
40 J. STEPHENSON: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. {Vot,. 1,
consists of the tenth and perhaps the ninth segment also. In
the anterior part of the body the segments may be delimited on
the ventral surface by a series of narrow, groove-like, transverse
markings.
There are two dorsal and two ventral setal bundles in all
segments from the second onwards. ‘The sete are of two kinds,
hook-setee and needle-setee ; the most anterior bundles, both dorsal
and ventral, consisting of needle-setee, the posterior of hook-sete.
The needle-setze are from ‘08 to ‘12 mm. in length, finely
pointed, not bifid, the extreme point being slightly recurved.
They are somewhat bayonet-shaped, and appear to be definitely
strengthened or thickened along the convexity of the angle of their
chief curve (v. text-fig. 2). They project from the body-wall for
about half their length, that is, from the region of the angle ; the
angle looks forwards, and the distal pointed extremity backwards
FIG. 2: FIG. 3.
Fic. 2.—A needle-seta: a.
its most prominent angle.
Fic. 3.—A hook-seta: b.
free end.
Apparent ridge-like thickening of needle-seta at
’
the slightly thicker part of the hook-seta, near its
’
The hook-sete are from ‘033 to ‘055 mm. in length. In the
most anterior segments (vi—viii) in which they occur, they are
longer (‘05—"055 mm.) than is the case posteriorly (mostly °035
—o4 mm.). ‘They are bifid at the free end; the proximal prong
of the fork is considerably longer and stouter than the distal, and
its axis is about at right angles to the shaft of the seta, There
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 4I
is a nodulus at the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the
shaft, and between the nodulus and the terminal hook the shaft
is again slightly thickened. The proximal portion of the shaft
shows a gentle curve in a direction the reverse of that of the hook,
the whole being thus somewhat |-shaped (v. text-fig. 3).. These
setze project very slightly from the surface of the body.
The dorsal bundles as far as the seventh segment are generally
(or always, with perhaps the exception of the seventh itself) made
up of needle-setze alone; the eighth segment may bear dorsally
either needles, or hooks, or both; the ninth and succeeding seg-
ments bear hooks only. The ventral bundles, as far as the fifth
segment, have only needle-sete ; those of the sixth and seventh,
needles, or hooks, or both; posterior to this the ventral bundles
consist of hooks only. ‘The needle-sete, therefore, extend some-
what further back dorsally than ventrally. .
Fic. 4.—Showing the general shape and the outlines of the alimentary canal ;
the sete are not shown: /., black particles in intestinal wall; @., cesophagus ;
ph., pharnyx.
The number of setze in a bundle is three or four in the anterior
and middle portions of the animal’s length, diminishing to two
or one at the posterior end.
The pharynx is a somewhat globular organ in the second
and third segments; the cesophagus, a narrow tube with com-
paratively thick walls, forms in the preserved specimens a series
of curves, passing through a stout septum behind the tenth
segment (septum +2), and widens abruptly into the intestine.
This latter tube may be regularly dilated and constricted through-
out a large part of its length, the constrictions being probably
due to its passage through the septa. The epithelium shows
within its component cells, through a large part of its extent,
a number of fine black particles (text-fig. 4).
42 J.StepHENnson : The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou. II, 1908.]
Although no signs of asexual reproduction have been seen
in any of the specimens so far examined, the general appearance
and structure of the worm would seem to indicate that it belongs
to the Naidide. The peculiar arrangement of sete has not, so
far as I know, been described in any form hitherto known ; and
I would therefore propose for its reception the creation of a new
genus Matla, adopting for this purpose the native name of Port
Canning, where the animal was found; as its specific name I
would suggest bengalensis. Both these names I owe to the kind-
ness of Dr. Annandale, who discovered the worm and gave me
the opportunity of examining it.
VII.—DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CAVERNICO-
FOUs= PHASGONURID FROM
LOWER SIAM.
By W. F. Kirsy, British Museum (Nat. Htst.).
Diestrammena annandaler, sp. nov.
Female brownish chestnut, rather shining, the segments of
the abdomen often banded with brown behind ; legs lighter than
the body, indistinctly banded with dusky, at least towards the
base on the outer surface. Legs long and slender, front tibiae
at least twice as long as the pronotum, and longer than the femora ;
middle tibize hardly longer than the femora ; hind tibiz considerably
longer. Ovipositor two-thirds as long as the body, slightly curved.
Long. corporis a e .. I4-16 mm
», pronoti as 7 oe 530 »
,, temorum anticorum a3 .. 13-14 ,,
cf . posticorum .. 18-21 ,,
,, tibiarum posticarum e4 ow 22-25"...
5, Ovipositis ~ — -. Q-IO ,,
Ditters from D. wnicoloy, Brunn., which is in the British
Museum collection from Tsur Island, and which is recorded from
Vladivostok, Pekin and Moulmein, by its much longer legs, and
in the tibiz being distinctly longer than the femora.
Dr. Annandale has submitted nine specimens to me, all
females. As the bodies are considerably arched, the dimensions are
probably somewhat understated.
Locality.—Limestone caves in hills near Biserat, Jalor, Siamese
Malay States (Annandale and Robinson).
oe
aad
re
AU eateeay ear
Bt lai
a
VUL—DESCRIPTVONS OF NEW SPECIES OF
MAR TNE AN Derek hoi WATER SHELLS
PN, eae © ae Ce ON: OP LE,
[NON MUSE UM SOCAL CU TT A.
by Heb, PRESTON: 4? 7.5.
Bitium insulsum, Sp. NOV.
Shell élongately fusiform, narrowly perforate, yellowish white
with a broad circular band of ‘pale reddish brown; whorls 9, can-
cellate with transverse ribs and spiral grooves; aperture oval :
peristome simple.
Altitude Aa 2 3 mn,
Diam., major .. ene Cae
Habitat—Galle, Ceylon.
Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.
Gottonta andamanta, sp. nov.
Shell conical, very solid, white, strongly keeled at periphery ;
whorls 5, rather flat, spirally lirate and transversely costate, pre-
senting a somewhat minutely nodilous appearance; sutures im-
pressed, aperture circular ; peristome thickened.
Altitude At a, 2, Thm.
Diam., major .. I
Pebitete sdanan ielands:
Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.
Bithynia pygme@a, sp. nov.
Shell ovately fusiform, dark olive-brown ; whorls 34, convex,
smooth ; sutures well impressed ; aperture oval ; peristome simple,
continuous ; umbilicus narrow ; operculum shelly, spiral with cen-
tral nucleus.
Altitude 3°25 mm
Diam., major .. eee Fo
Aperture, alt. LS = sys
diam. vf
dd”)
Habitat—Myetmyo, Burma.
Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta,
46 H. B. Preston: New Indian Shells. [Voy IT,
Odostomia pfetffert, sp. nov.
Shell fusiform, semi-transparent white; whorls 6, spirally
striate; sutures well impressed; aperture elongately, inversely
auriform ; columella bearing a coarse plait ; peristome simple.
Altitude ei 2. 25 mam:
Diam., major .. By es
jee Andaman fevance
Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.
FIG. TI. FIG. 2.
Fic. 1.—Bittium insulsum, sp. nov.
FIG. 2..-—Gottonia andamanica, sp. nov,
Fic. 3.—Bithynia pygmea, sp. nov.
Miralda gemma, sp. nov.
Shell oblong ovate, white ; whorls 4, somewhat inflated, sculp-
tured on the upper part with coarse coste, below which appears a
spiral liration ; lower half of body whorl and base of shell spirally
lirate ; sutures well impressed ; aperture ovate ; peristome simple
above, somewhat dilated at base.
Altitude se ses 1°25, tin,
Diam., major .. we 5
Habitat—Oman.
dy
Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.
Limnea simulans, sp. nov.
Shell fusiform, brownish horn colour ; whorls 5; sutures
impressed ; umbilicus narrow, partly concealed by the reflexed
columella; columella arched, thick, extending into a callus
which reaches the lip above ; peristome simple ; aperture inversely
auriform.
Altitude oy 97 75 iim,
Diam., major .. SAIS say
Aperture alt.”.< sien =
* diam. 2 a
Habitat—Pharping, Nepal,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 47
Though the shell itself is of a brownish horn colour, all the
specimens before me are covered with a thick blackish coating
of some substance, probably of a vegetable nature.
Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.
—
FIG. 5. Fic. 6.
Fic. 4.—Odostomia pfeiffert, sp. nov. =
Fic. 5.—Muralda gemma, sp. nov.
Fic. 6.—Limnea stmulans, sp. nov.
Unio siligurvensis, sp. nov.
Shell inequilateral, ovate oblong, reddish brown, sculptured with
concentric lines of growth and oblique transverse wrinkles, these
latter being especially marked posteriorly ; anterior side rounded ;
posterior side acuminately rounded ; dorsal margin arched ; ventral
margin very slightly contracted inthe middle; umboes much eroded ;
interior of shell iridescent, pale bluish white.
Long. oa ren 7 | mm.
Lat. = eae BULES i
Habitat—Siliguri, N. Bengal.
Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.
FIG. 7. NG sere
Fic. 7.—Unio siliguriensis, Preston (type), sp. nov.
Fic. 8.—Corbicula sylhetica, Preston, sp. nov.
Corbicula sylhetica, sp. nov.
Shell nearly equilateral, tumid, subtrigonal, pale olive-green,
sculptured with fineirregular concentric striz; anteriorside rounded ;
48 H. B. Preston: New Indian Shells. [VoL. II, 1908. ]
posterior side somewhat angularly rounded ; lateral margins sloped ;
ventral margin rounded, slightly contracted towards the posterior
side ; umboes large ; interior of shell purplish white.
Long. I0°5 mm.
Lat. ee ee ee
Habitat—Phenchoogan}j, Sylhet, Assam.
Allied to C. trawadica, Benson, but is more trigonal and more
swollen.
Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.
pS ae
2 NOE SON VORTEN TAT SS VRPAT DA
WET DESCRIPTIONS OF
INE Ws PaCS,
PAR a:
By K. BRUNETTI.
(N.B.—The plates herein referred to, are to be found in vol. i of the -
Rec. Ind. Mus.,! following p. 380.)
Since Van der Wulp’s Catalogue of 1896, little work has been
done on Oriental Syrphid@. So far as I am aware, less than twenty
new species have been described and no paper of importance pub-
lished. The following notes, collected during a revision of the
Indian Museum collection of Syvrphid@, may prove of interest.
The recently recorded species are referred to and descriptions of
thirty-nine new species added, the types of which exist either in
the Museum collection cr my own.
A number of species named by Bigot, but apparently not
described, are in the Museum collection, and these I have des-
cribed herein.
The tables of species are drawn up partially [rom descriptions,
to serve as aids to their identification pro tem., pending a more
thorough revision of this family, and are therefore not intended
to represent an ultimate view of their characters and affinities.
Mr. Verrall’s sequence of sub-families has been followed, but the
genera are not arranged in any special order. Circumstances
permitting, I hope to deal later on with some of the genera not
touched upon in this paper. In the explanation of the plates
(given in previous volume) belonging to this paper, the terms “ an-
terior’ and “ posterior”’ leg, would be more ccrrectly replaced
by “fore’’ and ‘‘ hind ” leg respectively ; throughout the text the
terms “anterior legs”? and “posterior legs’? are used in their
correct sense, to designate the two front pairs or two hind pairs
respectively.
{ In the explanation of pl. xi on p. 379, opposite *‘ fig. 9,’’ Macquart is
given as the author of the species Volucella nubeculosa. This is an error; it should
be Bigot.
50 KH. BRUNETTI: Notes on Ortental Syrphide. [Vou. IT;
BACCHA, F.
Twenty-one species of Baccha have been recorded from the
East. Mr. Austen’s paper on some new species of this genus in
the: British Muséum. (‘Proc..Zool. Soc. Lond.,. 1893, p. 132)°*con-
tains descriptions of seven from the Orient, excellently illustrated,
and to these I add three more which appear to be new.
B. robusta, mihi, sp. nov. (PI. xi, figs. 3, 4.)
@# @. Lower Burma (Mergui). Long. Io-12 mm.
@. Front above antenne triangular, nearly wholly occupied
by a shining black triangle; the remainder grey; vertex shining
black ; below antennee dull black, seen from below, but brilliant,
shining, silvery white seen from above. Eyes subcontiguous at
nearest point of approach, rather widely separated at vertex.
Antenne bright red, tip of 3rd joint brown above.
Thorax: dorsum cinereous, with three darker stripes, of which
only the centre one attains the fore border. Humeral calli testa-
ceous ; sides of thorax grey. Scutellum dull testaceous.
Abdomen only slightly contracted at base; 2nd and 3rd seg-
ments pale tawny, posterior borders widely blackish, 4th segment
all black, with an arched band near base, of pale shining grey, inter-
rupted in the middle ; extreme posterior border of segment brown.
Legs black ; four anterior femora, basal half of hind femora,
and basal half of all the tibiae, yellowish tawny ; tips of anterior
femora sometimes darkened above.
Wings clear ; stigma yellow, halteres yellowish.
9. Front rather broad, grey, the callosity above antenne
shining black, oblong, nearly reaching from eye to eye; upper
part of frons shining black, reaching from vertex nearly to the
callosity. Abdomen black ; 2nd segment with a vertically elongated
pale spot on each side, nearly meeting in the centre on the fore-
border ; 3rd and 4th with a transverse hoary yellowish grey oval
spot on each side, nearly on the fore border; 4th segment with
brown posterior border ; last segment brown.
Described from six ~ ~ and four @ @ in the Indian Museum
collection from Merguti.
B. nigricosta, mihi, sp. nov. (PI. x1, fig. 5.)
@”. Tower Himalayas (Bhim Tal, 4,500 feet). Long. 10 mm.
Front above and below antenne grey dusted. Eyes quite
contiguous nearly to the vertex, which is very small and shining
black. Below antennee a wide shining black stripe ; frontal triangle
above antenne shining black seen from the front. Antenne reddish
brown, the two basal joints black. Proboscis black, tip red.
Thorax shining black, minutely pubescent, unmarked, sides
blackish grey ; scutellum rather large, shining black, with a few
pale hairs.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. tg
Abdomen: Ist segment broadly semi-circular, of exactly the
same shape and size as scutellum, 2nd very pedicillate, 3rd narrow
at base, thence sharply widening; general colour of abdomen
black, moderately shining, with rather long blackish grey hairs
at sides of 2nd and 3rd segments, and faint traces of a pair of spots
at the middle of the sides of 3rd segment, and towards the base (at
the sides) of 4th segment.
Legs pale tawny, hind femora and tibie with a dark band
towards the tip, hind tarsi blackish.
Wings blackish, nearly clear at base. Stigma black, much
elongated and a blackish cloud immediately below it, and a small
blackish spot at extreme tip of costa.
Described from one @ taken by Dr. Annandale (19—22-ix-06)
at Bhim Tal, Kumaon, now in the Indian Museum collection.
B, tinctipennis, mihi, sp. nov. (PI. xi, fig.
Ge
6.)
@. Lower Himalayas (Bhim Tal, 4,500 feet). Long. 8-9 mm.
Head: front broad, narrowing towards vertex, grey dusted,
nearly wholly occupied above antenne by a broad black band
with ill-defined edges; filling the whole vertex, and resolving
itself into a shining black callosity above antenna. Under side
of face grey dusted, with a black central line, slightly prominent ;
mouth-border and proboscis tawny ; antenne tawny.
Tnorax shining black with minute grey pubescence; humeri
aud a vertical short stripe just before base of wing, pale; scutel-
lum shining black, immediately above the pronotum, giving the
appearance of two scutelli, oe above the other.
Abdomen brown, Ist segment wholly pale yellow ; extreme
tip of 2nd, base of 3rd and 4th, and two very small spots on the
sides at the base of 5th, pale yellow-brown.
Legs pale yellow, a brown ring at tip of hind femora; hind
tibie brown, except base and tips ; hind tarsi darker.
Wings clear: iridescent, a dark brown oblong spot forming a stig-
ma, anita 2) dark spot at tip of subcostal cell, also at tip of wing ,
the discal cross-vein, aud a streak from just below the medias-
tinal vein down to and enclosing the lower cross-vein blackish.
Described from one @ taken by Dr. Annandale (22—27-1x-06) at
Bhim Tal, Kumaon, now in the Indian Museum collection. Some
specimens taken by me at Kobe in Japan, 15-v-06, which I con-
sider to be the same species, differ onlv in the ist abdominal seg-
ment being all black instead of vellow.
I also, took, at Darjiling and Lucknow respectively a specimen
each of what may be two additional new species.
Of B. dispar, Wik., a ? named by Bigot is in the Indian Museum
collection—-this being ‘the only other Oriental species Ihave seen,
Van der Wulp added in 1898 (Termés. Fiizet., xxi, 423) two species
from Papua new to his list ; these were rubella and mundula.
52 E. Brunerr1: Notes on Oriental Syrphidee. [Vou. II,
PARAGUS, Latr.
P, tuteus, mihi, sp.’nov. > (Pla, fie. 7.)
©... Persia: (Bushire); . Long. 5:anm.
Head pale yellowish white, vertex black, with a thin stripe
(slightly enlarged in the middle) leading to a large black roughly-
square shining spot above antenne. Antenne brown, base paler.
Frons gradually narrowed towards vertex.
Thorax wholly shining aénous, a whitish hairy stripe, com-
mencing in front of the insertion of the wings, and reaching down-
wards ; scutellum yellow, base black.
Abdomen yellow, basal segment black, and a thin black line
almost (but not absolutely) on the border of 2nd segment, a similar
line just below centre of 3rd segment, and a black mark on each
side at the edge of the 4th segment.
Legs all vellow, a brown ring towards tip of hind femora.
Wings absolutely clear, no stigma.
Described from the above type in the Indian Museum collection,
P. serratus, F.
A common species variable both in size, and coloration of the
abdomen. ‘The species is the only one with serrated scutellum,
and the specimens in the Indian Museum collection, added to those
of my own collecting, show a distribution from Calcutta to Nepal
and reaching as far west as Karachi and as far south as Bangalore.
PIPIZELLA, Rond.
P, indica, mihi, sp. nov.
x7 @. Lower Himalayas (Simla and Nepal). Long. 5 mm.
Head yellow; vertex, eyes, mouth and proboscis black. A
black central line on the frons in the @ , which slightly narrows on
the vertex ; just below the antennee it is hardly one-third the width
of the head.
Thorax smooth, shining black, with a little gold-brown hair on
the posterior half, and a little white hair on the lower anterior
portion of the sides.
Abdomen shining black, minutely pubescent, especially on last
segment, and distinctly so along the sides of all the segments.
Legs tawny yellow, basal half of the four anterior, and basal
three-fourths of the hind femora black ; tibize vellowish white to-
wards the base.
Wings clear, stigma very pale yellow : halteres yellow.
Described from a @ and two 2 2 in the Indian Museum col-
lection from the Simla district and from Katmandu in Nepal.
‘The genus has not previously been recorded from the East.
This species does not agree with any European one known to me,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 53
but there are two of which I have not been able to obtain descrip-
tions, vtz., P. curvinervis, Str., and P. sculpeonata, Rond.
P. rufocincta, mihi, sp. nov.
o. Burma (type) and India. Long. 6 mm.
Face yellowish white with a narrow black line below antenne,
which are blackish brown; mouth and proboscis black; vertex
shining black, narrowing rather suddenly to the eyes, which are
contiguous for only a very short distance.
Thorax black, shining, with a slight aénous tinge ; a few white
hairs on the sides, in front of insertion of wings; dorsum with
short greyish hair; scutellum unicolorous with grey hair.
Abdomen shining black, with very short pale pubescence, the
whole 3rd segment reddish test aceous, and, in the type-specimen,
extreme tip of abdomen reddish.
Legs yellowish white; coxe, a narrow ring at base of four
anterior femora, and the basal two-thirds of hind femora black.
Wings quite clear.
Described from two ~ ~” taken by me at Rangoon, 23-11-04
to 3-1-05 (type), and from one ~ taken by me at U mballa (N.-W.
India; altitude goo feet), 8—-13-v-05. In my collection. Most
species of Pipizella have unmarked abdomens, but this species
is certainly of this genus, and apparently widely distributed.
MELANOSTOMA, Sch.
Dr. Annandale took specimens of M. ambiguum, Fin., and M:
dubium, Zett., at Matiana (8,000 feet ; Simla district), both species
being European ones and unrecorded previously from the East.
PLAT YCHIRUS, St. Farg.
Four males of P. albimanus, F., are in the Indian Museum col-
lection from the Simla hills (8,000 feet); taken by Dr. Annandale
between 27- iv-o7 and 3-v-07. ‘These differ in no way from Euro-
pean specimens.
SPHEROPHORIA, St. Farg.
The Oriental species in this genus will require careful revision
and comparison with European forms, allied to which the Indian
Museum possesses several species ; I have ea fair amount of mater-
ial of my own collecting, showing considerable variation of forms,
from India, the Himalayas and South China.
Herr Kertesz, in the Termes. Fuzet. (1899), xxii, 177 and 178,
describes two species from Papua new to Van der Wulp’s list ;
distinctus and nove-guinee. ‘
54 KB. BRUNETTI: Notes on Onental Syrphide. [Vou IT,
DIDEOIDES, mihi, gen. nov.
Allied to Didea, Macq., from which it is separated by two
characters, viz., (1) distinctly and closely pubescent eyes, and (2)
by the 3rd longitudinal vein (cubital, Verrall) being nearly straight,
as in Svrphus, and not dipped, FEristalis-like, into the cell below.
In all other respects it resembles Didea, Macq., having a bare arista
and the large flat ovate abdomen in-both sexes much wider than
the thorax, and hearing the distinct, ridged margin as in that
genus.
D. ovata, mihi, sp. nov.
v9; Sikkim. Long. 12—16-min:
Head, » : face moderately produced above the. mouth and
just below the antennee; in depth descending only a little below
the eves. Face and frons bright yellow, with moderately thick
yellow hair, which above the antenne is replaced by black hairs.
Eyes touching for half the distance from the top of the frons
to the triangular elongated vertex, which is black with black hairs
and prominent reddish ocelli. Eyes with close grey pwbescence.
Antenne reddish brown, situated on a tawny (darker on upper
side) protuberance; 3rd joint of antenne darker on upper side,
arista orange, bare. Mouth and proboscis black, latter with some
erey hair at tip. Back of head greenish grey; posterior orbit
of eyes with a thick fringe of short bright yellow hair, of equal
length all round.
In the ? the frons bears a broad greenish black stripe from the
vertex down to and enclosing the upper part of the antennal pro-
tuberance, the black hairs being thicker than in the ~. The
antennze are nearly all black except the under side of the first two
joints, and the under side of the 3rd at the base; the arista is
more brownish than in the ~, the pubescence of the eyes almost
yellowish, especially on the lower pa1t ; but the rest of the characters
are as in the other sex.
Thorax; dorsum dull greenish aénous with three central,
uarrow, well-separated, not very distinct brownish lines reaching
from the anterior nearly to the posterior margin. Sides concolorous,
rather darker behind; with a broad yellow vertical stripe just
in front of the wing, descending to and terminating on, the meta-
pleure, this stripe bearing a rather thick fringe of bright yellow
hair. In the @ all the pleure are dull greenish yellow, and the
hair is rather more abundant. ‘The dorsum is covered with soft
short yellow hair, which around the wing-insertion is bright orange.
Seutellum rather dull orange-yellow, covered with soft black hairs ;
an orange elongated callosity on each side in front with bright
orange-brown hair, forming posterior corners to the dorsal surface
of the thorax, Metanotum black,
1908, Records of the Indian Museum. =
9 Sp)
Abdomen black, with an unbroken, deep brown raised edge
around the entire dorsal surface, closely beset with very short
bristles : Ist segment greenish black, sub-metallic, very short ;
2nd segment aénous at base, with two orange elongated spots,
placed transversely, forming a band, interrupted in the centre ;
this band being enlarged at the ends (foreshortened in front) in
the o , and contracted at the ends and barely attaining the ridged
edges of the segment in the 9. A bunch of yellow hairs on the
shoulders of this segment in both sexes.
Fi
Dideoides ovata, mihi, sp. nov., 2. Dideoides ovata, mihi, sp. nov., ¢.
The 3rd segment bears a transverse orange band across the
centre, the anterior edge being slightly convex forward, the posterior
edge forming two straight lines narrowing the band in its centre
and leaving the remainder of the segment as a flattened black
triangle, the extreme posterior edge being sub-metallic dark brown
with a fringe of very short black hairs. ‘The sides of this orange
cross-band are parallel with the sides of the abdomen, to the ridges
of which they extend.
On the 4th segment is a similar, but rather narrower and slightly
more arched band, with a second orange band (as a_ flattened
triangle, sub-metallic posteriorly) on the posterior part of the
segment, the extreme edge of which is sub-metallic brassy, with
a fringe of longish yellowish hair. The @ shows no trace of the
sub-metallic tinge. The 5th segment is orange, with black at
the base in some specimens of ~ @ ; yellow haired. The whole
abdomen bears yellow hairs on the yellowish parts (longest towards
the tip), and shorter, black hairs on the black parts. Genitals: in
the o rather prominent, orange, with some short black hairs ; in
the @ small, elongated, dark coloured.
Belly in the @ black with narrow vellowish bands at the junc-
ture of the segments, widest on the posterior border of the 2nd.
In the ¢ black, with two semi-circular large yellow spots at the
base of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th segments; the posterior border of
the Ist, widely, of the 3rd, narrowly, and of the 2nd, very narrowly
(with enlargements at the corners) yellow. Belly nearly bare, a
little short yellow sparse hair.
Legs : coxee and base of femora black with some short black
hair; remainder of legs entirely orange-yellow, the upper sides
56 E. BrunEtt1: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vou. IT,
of the tarsi being a little browner. The anterior femora bear a
little pale hair on their under side, but the black hairs on the hind
pair extend almost to the tip below, the upper apical part being
bare. All the tibiz bear very short golden yellow pubescence
the hind pair having a row of short black bristles on the outer
side.
Wings paie yellowish grey, slightly tawny on the basal and
anterior parts. Halteres orange. ‘Tegule bright orange-vellow with
concolorous fringe.
Described from four ~~ and two @ @ (one, a melanic @ des-
cribed below) all from Sikkim and in the Indian Museum collection
in good condition.
One specimen (a melanic @ ) has the antennz almost entirely
black (another characteristic of Didea), the abdomen black with a
dark blue sub-metallic reflection, beset with short black hairs, the
only marks being a transverse band across the centre of the 2nd
segment, composed of two narrow straight oblong spots, extending
to the distinct ridged edge which runs round the entire abdomen ;
some yellow hair on the 2nd segment. Belly black, but with the
two pale yellow spots at the base of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th segment
exactly resembling those in the typical’ form; posterior edge of
segments narrowly vellow, showing a tendency to spread at the sides
on the 2nd segment.
N.B.—I had some hesitation before deciding to establish a
new genus for the reception of this well-marked species, but probably
if I had not done so, some other author would. It appears
to be intermediate between Didea and Syrphus, having the broad
ovate and ridged abdomen of the former genus, but differing in the
straight 3rd longitudinal vein and pubescent eyes.
The pubescence of the eyes, and the dip of the 3rd longitudinal
vein are neither of them conclusive characters, and as Syrphus
contains species some with bare and others with hairy eyes, and
also species with straight and dipped cubital veins, I think Didea
might well do the same, and I would have kept the species in that
genus, except for the reason given above.
ERIOZONA.
E. ruficauda, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. xi, fig. 2.)
9. . sikkim. Jong. 13 mm.
Face prominent, bright yellow, shining, with minute yellow
pubescence, smooth; cheeks and lower part of face black with
very inconspicuous black hairs. Front above antenne to vertex
blackish with black hairs, with a pale irregularly-shaped yellow spot
immediately over the antennae, which are black. Eyes pubescent,
wide apart, frontal space gradually widening from vertex to cheeks.
Thorax quadrate, blackish above, sides dark brown with brown-
ish yellow hairs, hair on dorsum less thick ; scutellum brown with
yellowish hairs,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 57
Abdomen with thick black hair on basal half, 4th and 5th seg-
ments with thick orange-red hair, and with a small dark triangle in
the middle of the posterior border of each; the 2nd segment has
traces of a lighter basal band, somewhat resembling that of Leuco-
zona lucorum. Belly pubescent, basal half black, apical half red.
Legs tawny, basal half of all femora blackish,
Wings pale grey, a broad brown band in the middle, nar-
rowing posteriorly from foreborder up to just across the base of
the discal cell; base of wing brown.
Described from three ° @ from Sikkim in the Indian Museum
collection.
N.B.—This genus has only recently been known from the East.
In 1go0r Herr Kertesz described a species, analis, which also came
from Sikkim (Termés. Fiizet., xxiv, 414).
SYRPHUS, F.
This genus I dare not touch upon at present in view of the
large number of supposed species described from Oriental regions,
and their close affinities.
I have seen several species from the hills that are common
in Europe, the specimens showing generally little or no difference ;
amongst them are baltcatus, DeGeer ; torvus, Os. Sac. ; pyrastri, 1.5
lumger, Mg.; and umbellatarum, F.: all taken by Dr. Annandale
in the Simla district, and all, except ba/teatus, are new to the
Oriental fauna.
RHINGIA, Scop.
Until quite recently (1904) this genus appears to have been
unrecorded from the East, but in that year Meijere described a new
species, cincta, from Java, whilst I have taken a new species occur-
ring in Mussoorie and Darjiling, and also a second one, represented
by asingle ~ from Darjiling ; moreover the Indian Museum collec-
tion supplies a third undescribed species from Darjiling and Simla.
Meijere’s species, therefore, is still the only one from a tropical loca-
lity. The two common European species, vostrata, I,., and campes-
tris, Mg., are both likely to occur in the north of India. The former
would be easily recognised from all the other species by its ash-blue-
grey thorax (the others being cinereous grey or aénous) ; and the
latter can be distinguished from cincta and binotata by its tawny
instead of mainly blackish abdomen.
Table of Oriental species of Rhingia.
Scutellum distinctly bright ferruginous tawny.
Abdomen with three or four pale bands.
Long. g mm. cincta, Meij.
Abdomen black, 2nd segment with two
lateral spots .. Long.g mm. binotata, mihi, sp. nov.
Scutellum cinereous grey.
58 EK. Brunetti: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vou IT,
Posterior border of abdominal segments
widely black .. Long. 7-9 mm. laticincta, mihi, sp. nov.
Posterior border of abdominal segments
very narrowly black. Long. 8 mm. angusticincta, mihi, sp.
nov.
R. laticincta, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. xi, fig. 7.)
#& 2. Mussoorie, Darjiling, 7,000 to 12,000 feet. Long. 7 tog mm.
(without snout).
Head: snout tawny; lower part of head shining grey; an-
tenne tawny ; eyes quite contiguous as far as the vertex ; frons in
2 of about the usual width in the genus, cinereous grey.
Thorax cinereous grey, with aénous reflections and soft black-
and-grey hair; four blackish longitudinal stripes, not always very
distinct, the two outer ones interrupted at the suture, the two
inner ones close together on the front, diverging widely posteriorly,
where they become diffused and meet the ends of the outer pair
just in front of the scutellum. Scutellum unicolorous, similarly
haired, a row of stiff black hairs on posterior edge, from which
a fringe of soft pale yellow hair hangs down.
Abdomen bright tawny, with soft vellow hair, thickest at the
base on the sides; Ist segment very narrowly black edged, 2nd,
3rd and 4th with a broad black band on posterior border, interrupted
in the centre in front, but continuous on the extreme edge of
segment ; a vertical long black spot on the dorsum of each segment
forms a sort of longitudinal dorsal stripe. Belly tawny brown.
Legs all pale tawny, all the femora black at the base, and an
indistinct blackish wide ring around the centre of the hind tibiee ;
feet darker. Inthe ¢@ the femora are nearly all pale and the ring
on the hind tibize is less distinct.
Wings pale grey, stigma yellowish.
Described from a @ (Darjiling) and ¢? (Mussoorie) in the Indian
Museum collection (types), anda o and @ in my own collection.
Wat. tascidta,.a @. (Pl..2d, fe. 6.)
What I take to be a variety of laticincta differs by the abdominal
bands being reduced to semi-circular spots placed on the posterior
borders of the segments and joined by a very narrow line on the
extreme edge. The legs in the o are paler, and show only very
slight traces of black at the base of the femora; in the 9 they are
wholly pale, almost livid, with only the faintest indication of a dark
band on the hind tibtee. Another point of difference is that the
pubescence on the thorax is much shorter, and almost absent on the
posterior part, and the scutellum is practically bare, except for some
long hairs towards the tip.
I have four specimens (7 ~ 9 9) taken by myself at Darjiling
(7,000 feet), I0-15-x-05, and am not at all sure that it is not spe-
cifically distinct, for which reason I have given it a name. In my
collection.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 59
R. angusticincta, mihi, sp. nov.
7 @. Darjiling and Simla, 8,000 to 12,000 feet.- Long. 8 mm.
(without snout).
This species resembles /atzcancta ; the points of difference being
as follows: the snout is distinctly shorter; the abdominal trans-
verse bands are extremely narrow, and not interrupted, this being
the main, but a consistent, difference.
Described from a ~ and @? taken by Dr. Annandale at Simla
and Theog (Simia district) respectively. The Indian Museum pos-
sesses these types, also what is apparently an additional ~ from
Darjiling (9,000 to 12,000 feet), 2-x-06, but in this specimen the
thorax is darker, and all the tibiz have a distinct broad black ring.
R. binotata, mihi, sp. nov.
@. Darjiling. Long. 9 mm.
Head: {rons and upper part of snout deep black ; lower part
of both face and snout tawny yellow. Antenne brownish red.
Vertex very small, with a few black hairs ; short yellow hairs behind
the head above, and rather close whitish hair on lower part; pro-
boscis black.
Thorax yellowish grey, with four rather indistinct dorsal,
slightly darker stripes; the two outer ones wide, and interrupted
at the suture ; the two inner ones very narrow and close together.
The dorsum with rather thick, short bright yellow hair; sides
of thorax cinereous grey, darker posteriorly, some yellow hair just
below wings; scutellum bright tawny, dorsum bare, a fringe of
short yellow hairs at base, and a fringe dependent trom posterior
margin, on which margin is set another fringe of long yellow hairs,
projected posteriorly, by which character this species differs from
all the others.
Abdomen aénous black, covered with thick, short, bright yellow
hair ; the Ist segment appears pale, and on the 2nd on each side,
towards the base, is a lateral, oval, pale yellow spot.
Legs orange-yellow, basal half of all femora black ; the femora
with soft yellow hair, the rest of the legs practically bare.
Wings yellowish grey, slightly darker in front; stigma pale
yellowish brown ; halteres yellowish brown.
Described from one o in perfect condition, captured by me
at Darjiling, 13-x-05. In my collection.
The three species, herein described as new, are quite distinct
and good species, and quite different from the two European species,
rostrata and campestris, and from Herr Meijere’s species crncta
from Java.
VOLUCELLA, Geoff.
To this handsome genus I introduce four new species, whilst
Meijere has added one from Darjiling to the five in Van der Wulp’s
60 E. Brunei: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [VOL. ii,
catalogue. The following table is made up partly from descrip-
tions, as, beyond my own species, the only one before me is a
headless specimen of what I have identified as nubeculosa, Big. (see
pl. xi, figs. 9, £0).
Table of Oriental species of Volucella.
Quite small species .. Long.7mm, opalina, Wied.
Larger species. Long. 13 to 16 mm.
Non-pubescent (not Bombus-like) species.
Thorax and abdomen only slightly
and shortly hairy.
Abdomen yellow, with two spots and
tip black .. Long. 13mm. tvifasciata, Wied.
Abdomen black ; marked or not.
Thorax bright tawny.
Abdomen with two narrow
pale cross-bands; wing
suffused in centre and at
tip Long. 16 mm. nubeculosa, Big.
Abdomen entirely black ;
wings pale brown, un-
marked.. Long. 16mm. discolor, mihi, sp.
nov.
Thorax black.
Abdomen with only one
transverse narrow basal
pale spot. Long. 16 mm. basalts, mihi, sp. nov.
Abdomen with more than a
single spot.
Abdomen marks in the
form of spots.
Long. 13 min. feleterit, Macq.
Abdominal marks in the
form of three yellow
bands. Long. 14mm. decorata, Wik.
Pubescent (Bombus-like) species. Thorax
and abdomen with long thick hair.
Tip of abdomen black haired.
Long. 17 mm. wrsina, Mei.
Tip of abdomen yellow or red.
Belly uniformly black.
Long. 14-15 mm. ruficauda, mihi, sp.
nov.
Belly with 2nd and 3rd
segments livid.
Long. 15-16 mm. lvidiveniris, mihi, sp.
nov.
The above species all appear quite well separated.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 61
V. basalis, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. xi, figs. 11, 12.)
@. Sikkim district (Mungphu). Long. 16 mm.
Head entirely bright orange, frons narrows towards vertex,
which is black ; mouth-border brown ; proboscis and extreme lower
part of cheeks black ; eyes bare. The face is considerably produced
into a large snout, which is cut away just below the antenne ;
antennee small, orange.
Thorax moderately shining black, bare, sides black ; scutellum
very dark brown, almost bare, except for a row of strong bristles
near posterior edge.
Abdomen black, a little shining, almost bare; the basal half
of the 2nd segment occupied by a large transverse livid yellow
elongated spot, which is contracted in the middle behind and does
not reach the sides of the segment except at the extreme base, where
it joins a large livid spot on the same segment of the belly.
Legs all black and bare.
Wings grey, yellow at base, a yellowish brown suffusion from
the centre of the costa reaching half way to the posterior border,
and a similar suffusion at the wing-tip extending inwards just
beyond the subapical and postical cross-veins. Halteres yellow.
Described from one @ in the Indian Museum collection.
This species bears a considerable general resemblance to the
V. pellncens, l,., of Europe, but in that species the whole of the 2nd
segment is livid yellow, the colour passing over the side of the
segment in its full width, whereas in basalis it is narrowed to the
extreme base of the segment; also in fellucens the sides of the
thorax along their upper edge are always brownish yellow, of which
there is no trace in my species; moreover, the scutellum in fel-
lucens is bright tawny, whereas in basalts it is nearly black.
V.. ruficauda, mihi,:sp. nov. (Pl. xi, fig. 13.)
7 @. Sikkim. Long. 14-15 mm.
Head black, epistome well produced, shining black ; eyes
densely hairy in o, distinctly hairy in ?, but to a much less ex-
tent ; vertex crowned by a tuft of long bright yellow hairs ; eyes in
? separated by narrow shining black frons. Antenne ferruginous ;
first two joints nearly black.
Thorax black with black hair, dorsum covered with dense long
bright ferruginous red hair which also covers the bright ferruginous
red scutellum.
Abdomen black with rather thick black hair ; posterior border
of 3rd segment and the whole of the 4th and 5th segments covered
with yellowish red hair. Belly entirely black, with black hair.
Legs slender, wholly black with short black hair.
Wings pale yellowish grey, a rather large brown irregular spot
in the centre of the fore border, and reaching half-way across the
62 E. BrunEtTT1: Notes on Onental Syrphide. [VOL. II,
wing ; a brown suffusion along the recurrent portions of the sub-
apical and postical (4th and 5th longitudinal) veins and extending
to the costa about the termination of the marginal cell. Between
this suffusion and the outer margin the wing is darker grey, base
of wing slightly yellowish. Halteres black.
Described from eight 7 ~ and eight @ @ in the Indian Museum
collection from Sikkim.
V. lividiventris, mihi, sp. nov.
a7 @?. Sikkim. Long. 15-16 mm.
Very near ruficauda, but distinct. The hair on the thoracic
dorsum is distinctly gvev, the tuft of hair.on the vertex is greyish
white, while the belly has the 2nd and 3rd segments livid grey with
unicolorous hairy. A bunch of grey hair is found on each of the
two basal abdominal segments at the sides, and the szdes of the 2nd
segment in front have a perceptible subdued livid reflection when
seen from behind.
Described from three 7 @ anda @ from Sikkim in the Indian
Museum collection.
V. discolor, mihi, sp. nov.
(Id. id., Bigot, nom. nud.)
@. Assam. Long. Io mm.
Head: eyes not quite contiguous, black, facets small, uniform.
Vertex, frons, and entire face bright orange, bare. Face immedi-
ately below antennee flush with the eyes, but from thence projecting
well forward, forming a large squarish prominence, not reaching
downwards much below the eye-level. Antennz on a barely per-
ceptible prominence, orange, with orange plumose arista. Back of
head and under side orange, a little orange-yellow hair below.
Thorax wholly uniformly bright orange, with close short golden
yellow hair on dorsum, changing to longer orange hair on the
edge, on the posterior part, and on the pleuree. Scutellum pinkish
orange, a little yellow hair round the sides.
Abdomen: ist segment (hardly visible) dark coloured, remainder
wholly shining black, with microscopic black pubescence. On each
extreme anterior corner is a small bunch of rather short yellow
hairs. Belly black, unmarked.
Legs wholly bright orange, with short golden yellow hair, which
is a lttle longer on the coxe. ‘The tarsi very narrowly black
between the joints.
Wings uniformly pale brown,. outer half towards the anterior
margin a little darker. Halteres bright orange.
Described from one perfect ~ from Sibsagar in the Indian
Museum collection,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 63
GRAPTOMYZA, Wied.
Van der Wulp’s reference in his catalogue is incorrect, as the
genus was described ten years previously in Wiedemann’s Nova
Dipterorum (1820), and redescribed in his Auss. Zweifl., 11 (1830).
Since that catalogue, no new Oriental species have been des-
cribed. Osten Sacken treats of the genus in the Berl. Ent. Zeits.,
XXvi, I17, where he gives a table of species.
G. longirostris, Wied.
Var. nov. 12-notata, mihi.
(Graptomyza 12-notata, Bigot, nom. nud.)
A specimen in the Indian Museum collection seems to be
but a variety of longirostris, Wied., although presumably the type
of Bigot’s species 12-nolata (nom. nud.). It, however, agrees quite
well with both Wiedemann’s description and his three figures,
except that the longitudinal stripes are interrupted at the
juncture of the segments, thus being divided into tweive separate
elongated spots placed in four longitudinal rows, the “ stripes ”’
Graptomyza longirostris, Wied. Graptomyza longtrostris , Wied, var.
12-notata, Big., nom. nud.
being simply broader. On the strength of this close resemblance
I can oniv admit if provisionally as a variety. A second speci-
men in the collection (from ‘lenasserim) agrees more closely still
with Wiedemann’s figure of the abdomen, the black longitudinal
stripes being narrower, and continuous.
Bigot’s second species “‘ 6-notata”’ must be near ventralis,
Wied. : according to Osten Sacken’s table, from which it would be
separated by the six well-defined sub-triangular spots on the abdo-
men. which is bordered on each side by a rather wide dark brown
line.
G. sexnotata, mili, sp. nov.
(Id. id., Bigot, nom. nud.)
9... Sikkim. Long: 7$ mm.
Head: frons, vertex, face, entirely yellow, eyes blackish
brown, with very short greyish pubescence ; frontal space less than
one-third the width of the head. Antenne, entirely uniformly dark
yellow, with plumose orange arista. A dark brown square spot on
frons above the antenne is continued as a stripe below to the
64 E. Brunetti: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vou. II,
end of the rostrum; a broad brown stripe on each side of the
rostrum. Proboscis brown ; palpi, pale yellow. Back of head and
below yellow, centre part apparently black.
Thorax orange-yellow, the dorsum occupied by a_ shining
black quadrate spot, which leaves only a yellow anterior margin,
wider lateral margins and a squarish spot in front of the scutellum.
A rather wide dark brown vertical stripe extends from between
the fore and middle coxe, to the lateral yellow edge of the dorsum,
thence curving backwards to just above and behind the root of
the wing ; a shorter similar stripe is immediately below the wing-
insertion, with a roundish brown spot behind it. Dorsum nearly
bare, a few yellow hairs on pleure ; scutellum yellow, dorsum dark
brown, indented ; some yellow hairs round the margin.
Graptom)za 6-notata, mihi, sp. nov.,9 .
Abdomen orange yellow, with a rather thick moderately
broad lateral dark brown margin, narrowing posteriorly and dis-
appearing at tip. On the hind border of the 2nd segment two
moderately large, dark brown triangular spots ; reproduced on the
3rd segment, but a little larger, and with rounded angles; and
again on the 4th segment, more triangular and of the same size
as those on the 2nd segment, but placed quite clear of the hind
border. Dorsum of abdomen practically bare, but with some short
vellow hairs towards the tip.
Legs yellow, fore coxee with short pale yellow hairs; femora
with a brown streak below ; tibiz pale yellowish brown, the hind
leg (one leg missing) showing the brown almost as a wide band;
tarsi, yellowish, brownish on upper side. Legs with short yellow
hair, a little thicker on the tibie.
Wings clear yellowish grey, tip of subcostal cell tawny brown,
forming a not very well-defined stigma at the tip of the mediastinal
vein. Halteres orange-yellow.
Described from one @ in fair condition in the Indian Museum
collection from Sikkim.
HELOPHILUS, Meig.
In dealing with this genus, the short descriptions of the species,
many of which are very closely allied, have materially hindered
satisfactory progress. ‘The following table is made up mainly from
descriptions, My material in the genus has been three species in
the Indian Museum collection determined by myself ,—bhengalensts
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 65
W., quadrivittatus, W., and insignis, Dol.; plates of curvigaster,
Mcq., notabilis, Mcq., insignis, Dol., and pilipes, Dol.; two new
species in the Indian Museum collection which I have named
aénus and tuberculatus, both very distinct from all others, and
descriptions only of the remainder. I think the table may assist
as an introduction to the better study of this genus, but I find
great difficulty in understanding the true affinities of Walker’s
species.
Table of Orvental species of Helophilus.
A Face perpendicular, not produced as
usual, nor excavated below antenne,
nor gibbous above mouth. Hind tibice
incrassated S. longirmim. celebes, Os.
AA Face distinctly and normally produced
(exceptionally so in wmotabilis, Mcq.).
Hind tibize not incrassated.
B Thorax with transverse bands of pubes-
cence .. Long. 8 mm. curvigaster, Macq.
BB Thorax with ground colour longitudinal
black and yellow stripes.
C Body aénous Long. 10 mm. aénus, mihi, sp. nov.
CC Body yellow and black, not aénous.
D Abdomen very elongated.
E Middle legs not denticulated. Long. 22 mm. caudatus, Meij.
1)
EE Middle legs strongly denticulated.
Tong. 17-25 mm. tuberculatus, mihi,
sp. nov.
DD Abdomen of the ordinary oval or ovate
shape.
F Anterior femora and tibiz with dense
yellow hair .. Long. 12 mm. pilipes, Dol.
FF Anterior femora and tibie moderately and
normally haired.
G Length 14 to 16 mm.
H Abdomen with two luteous bands.
J Shining blue above antenu. Long. 16 mm. doleschalli, mihs.
(Change of name from insignis, Dol.)
JJ Blackish brown above antenne.
Long. 15 mm. vestitus, W.
HH Abdomen with three luteous bands.
I, Side stripe on thorax yellow. Long. 16 mm. 7signis, WI1k.
LL No side stripe (presumably). Long. 14 mm. notabilis, Macq.
OO Length 9 to ri mm. (in mesoleucus 13).
M_ Sides of thorax with broad oblique yellow
stripe.
N Legs mainly luteous, ‘“‘ shaded with black,”
wings green .. Long. 10mm, conclusus, Wik.
NN Legs mainly black, base of tibie pale,
wings not green Long. to-11 mm. alhiceps, Wuip.
c
66 B. Brunertt: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vou. TI,
MM_ Sides of thorax cinereous or grey ; without
vellow stripe.
O Length 13 mm. .. Long. 13 mm. mesoleucus, Wik.
OO Length 9g to 10 mm.
P Posterior femora incrassated. ong. 10 nun. consors, WIK.
PP Posterior femora only ordinarily thickened.
Q 4th abdominal segment with an inverted
V-mark Long. g-1o mm. bengalensis, Wied.
QO 4th abdominal segment without such
mark Long. 9-10 min. guadrivittalus , Wied
Hi aenus, mili,sp: nov. (Pl, -211 me.15,)
@. Nepal (Soondrijal). Long. ro mm.
Head black, face moderately produced, very shining and bare
above antenna, but changing to dull velvet black on vertex with
black hair, frontal space narrowing above, ocelli very close to-
gether. Face below antenna, dull black, with, seen from above,
silvery grey hair ; a central shining bare black line. Antenne dark
hrown. Back of eyes with a thin silvery white line, with unt-
colorous hair.
Thoracic dorsum, ash-blue-grey, with two transverse black
bands; one across the centre, and one on the posterior border.
Anterior part of thorax cinereous, with two faint, narrow darker
bands in centre, which disappear on reaching the Ist transverse
black band ; whole dorsum covered with short bright yellow hair.
Sides of thorax light cinereous grey, with some yellow hair.
Scutellum blue ash-grey, basal half black ; entirely covered with
bright yellow hair.
Abdomen aénous, Ist segment paler; 2nd with a rather broad
dead black velvet line on base, joined by a stem to a similar band
on the posterior border, which, however, is curved upward a little
in the middle, clear of the posterior border ; 3rd segment with a
central round spot joined to two moderately broad lines which pro-
ceed obliquely almost to the posterior corners ; 4th segment with a
nearly similar pattern, the oblique lines joining one another in the
centre—without being enlarged into a dorsal spot. All these ab-
dominal marks dull velvet black. The whole upper surface of the
abdomen with rather close, short vellow hair. Belly black.
Legs : femora black, hind pair more shining, all with yellow hair
below ; tibiae and tarsi tawny yellow, with some yellow hair ; hind
pair with apical half black.
Wings pale grey, costal cell absolutely clear, stigma brown,
small, veins brownish ; halteres and tegule pale yellow.
Described from one ? in the Indian Museum collection (Octo-
per ))
It reminds one very much of the European species Lyistalts
sepulchralis, 1,., and, more so, of the North American species dim-
diata, Wied., and saxorum, Wied., but is distinctly smaller.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 67
H. tuberculatus, mihi, sp. nov. (PI. xii, figs. 16, 17.)
7 2. Calcutta. Long. 19-25 mm.
Head: epistome normally produced. Front black, shining just
above antenne, dull in the @ from thence to vertex. Eyes
contiguous ( ? ) at base of supra-antennal triangle, diverging gently
to the vertex. Front in ¢ moderately wide, narrower above ;
face below antennee blackish or reddish, with grey or yellow hair,
antennee ferruginous brown to black; 3rd joint sometimes quite
greyish ; first two joints with a few black hairs. Front, vertex, and
back of head with short, stiff, all-black hair.
Thorax rather elongated, yellowish, with three broad black
long stripes of equal width (third abbreviated behind) placed
close together, so that the yellow intermediate space is very narrow ;
dorsum covered with short yellow hair. Humeral calli brown,
with yellowish hair; posterior calli oval, distinct, shining. Sides
of thorax blackish grey with mixed tufts of brown, white and
vellow hair; scutellum yellow with yellow hair.
Abdomen quite elongated, resembling that of a Milesta ; in the
o the Ist segment very short, yellow; 2nd tawny, with a thin
basal black line produced downwards across the disc to a rather
wide, very indistinct blackish band towards posterior border ;
3rd segment, basal half tawny, apical half brown; 4th segment
similar, but only basal fourth yellowish ; 5th segment uniformly
rich brown. Inthe ¢ the transverse bands across the hind parts
of the segments are black instead of brown.
In the o~ the first three segments are covered with soft vellow
hair, much thicker on 2nd segment ; this hair appears to be sparser
im the 9c:
Legs all black, knees of four anterior legs tawny; all the
femora much thickened in the 7, but only the posterior party moder-
ately so in the 9. In the ~, the hind femora bear a distinct
tooth in the centre of the under side, and an erect fringe of bright
yellow hair on upper side for three-fourths of the length from the
base, the remaining fourth bearing black hair. The middle femora
bear a transverse ridge below near the tip, followed by a small
blunt tooth ; the middle tibiae are suddenly incrassated before the
middle, and bear two pairs of blunt teeth at the hase.
All the legs with short black pubescence, longest on femora
and posterior tibiz.
Wings brownish grey ; apical half, anteriorly, darker.
Described from two ~ ~ and three ¢ 2 from Calcutta in the
Indian Museum. A remarkable species, and one which, from the
elongated, almost cylindrical abdomen, and denticulated middle legs
inthe @, will no doubt require the erection of a new genus for its
reception. I, however, refrain from doing this prematurely ; in all
other respects it agrees with Helophilus. Moreover, it must be
closely allied to a recently described species by Metjere, from the
Aru Islands (Hf. caudatus), from which, however, the denticutation
of the middle tibize at once distinguishes it
68 FE. Brunertt: Notes on Ortental Syrphide. [Vov. II,
H. celeber, O. S.
H. curvigaster, Macq.
H. aenus, mihi, sp. nov.
These three are quite distinct from: all the cther species, and
may be instantly recognised respectively by the perpendicular face
and incrassated hind tibiz in celeber; the transverse bands of
pubescence on the thoracic dorsum in curvigaster ; and the wholly
aénous and Fyistalis-like appearance of my new species.
e
H. caudatus, Mei.
H. tuberculatus, mihi, sp. nov.
These two species stand out from all others by their elongated
abdomens, my new species being easily differentiated from Meijere’s
by the presence of the strong denticulation of the middle tibiz, a
feature which he does not mention as being present in his specimen ;
the latter was a @, the middle legs of which were, moreover, not
missing, as he describes their coloration.
H. pilipes, Dol.
The author figures his species, and distinctly shows the thick
pubescence of the first pair of femora and tibie, the middle pair being
nearly bare; so that the specimen in the Indian Museum collec-
tion named “ pilipes, Dol.,” by Bigot is erroneously identified.
This specimen (@) I have figured in pl. xii, figs. 18, 19, 20, a
lateral view being given, because the specimen is partly curled up,
and also to show the formation of the anal segments. The
anterior and middle legs are also shown, the hind pair being
missing. It approximates to isignis, Dol., but the hairy middle
legs separate it; I therefore figure it, so that perhaps some other
dipterologist may recognise it. In the Indian Museum collection
are a o and @ approaching pilipes, Dol., but they have clear
wings and no yellow haty on anterior legs. This species (a o from
Calcutta) I also figure in pl. xii, figs. rr and 12.
Doleschall distinctly says his pilipes is near the pendulus, Meig.,
of Europe, but smaller.
H, vestitus, Wied.
H. doleschalli, mihi (nom. nov. for in-
signis, Dol.). (Pl. xii, figs. 7, 8, 9.)
H. notabilis, Mcq.
H. insignis, WIk.
The specific name insignis was employed by Walker and
Doleschall for two different species, both in the same year (1857).
I venture to change Doleschall’s specific name to doleschalli and
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 69
let Walkers name stand, because the introduction (by Mr. W. W.
Saunders) to Walker’s paper in the Proceedings of the Linnean
Society of London is dated Jan. 14th, 1856, whereas Doleschall’s
paper is dated March 16th, 1857. I have, however, no means of
deciding which was published first, both appearing in 1857.
H. doleschalli extends from Calcutta to Assam.
H. conclusus, Wk.
H. albiceps, Wulp.
These two species stand out from the remainder by the broad
oblique vellow stripe on the side of the thorax, which is absent in
the other four, and the recorded green wings of conclusus should
easily identify it.
H. mesoleucus, Wk.
H. consors, WIk.
H. bengalensis, Wied. (PI. xii, figs. 4, 5, 6.)
H. quadrivittatus, Wied. (PI. xii, figs. 1, 2, 3.)
These four species must be closely allied, but a comparison
of specimens of the two latter species (which are not uncommon
in Calcutta, and are identified by me from Wiedemann’s Auss.
Zweifl.) with Walker’s types of the other two species, may allow me
to speak definitely later on.' Walker says of mesoleucus, ‘‘ hind
femora thick,” and of consors, ‘‘ hind femora incrassated, hind tibiz
curved.’ The femora are always thickened in this genus, and in
most cases the hind tibiz are curved also, although, of course,
a case of very distinct incrassation would clearly define a species.
As regards H. bengalensits, Wied., and quadrivittatus, Wied., they
are both good and distinct species although extremely closely
allied. Of the latter species Wiedemann saw only a single o
and expressed doubts as to its being distinct from the former one.
His distinctions as to the whiteness of the face and the colora-
tion of the legs I do not find reliable, but the differences of markings
on the 4th abdominal segment are quite consistent in both species.
In bengalensis the 4th segment has a mark which varies greatly
in colour,—yellow, red, brown, and deep black,—but it is always
present, is clearly cut, and in the form of an inverted V (or, some-
times, that of a bow) stretched out right across the segment.
In guadrivittatus this mark is absent, the segment being black
with whitish dust at each side, the ground colour showing roughly
in the form of a triangle with its apex on the base of the seg-
ment. Both species are moderately common in Calcutta and I
have examined a good many of both sexes of each, including a
long series of quadrivittatus from Bangalore, South India, in the
| Specimens determined by me as H. bengalensis, Wied., have been confirmed
as such by Herr. Handlirsch of the Vienna Museum after comparison with the type,
70 E. Brunetti: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vor IT,
Indian Museum collection, and a good series of bengalensis taken
in Calcutta. '
In pl. xii is a figure (fig. 10) of what I at first thought might
be a different species, but now consider only a variety of bengalensis.
Several specimens from various parts of India and Assam are present
in the collection.
In addition to the described species enumerated herein, there
is a @ specimen (wings missing) in the Indian Museum collection
taken on the Second Yarkand Expedition and apparently a different
species to any known to.me. I therefore figure it in pl. xii, figs. 13
and 14, showing the abdomen and the markings of the legs. The
black on the middle femora, however, is at the base, and not in the
form of a distinct band removed from the base, as it appears in the
figure. It may be a variety of some Palearctic species. The last
figure (pl. xii, fig. 21) is of a Calcutta specimen, which may be a
variety of bengalensis, or may be distinct.
ERISTALIS, Latr.
I do not propose to deal with this genus in the present paper
to any extent, its intricacies being far too extensive, considering the
limited amount of material at my disposal. ‘Two species were
omitted by accident from Van der Wulp’s Oriental Catalogue ; these
are—
E. tortuosus, Wlk., 1861, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., v, 266 ;,
Tond.
E. (Eristalomyia) sapphirina, Big., 1880, Ann. Soc.
But...Fr: (Vv), x, 230 5- Papta.
uy
One non-Oriental species crept into the catalogue by error ;
this is FE. senucirculus, Wik., the habitat of which is Honduras.
E. ursinus, Big.
I propose to change this name to himalayensis, as the species
is found at Mussoorie, Sikkim, Darjiling, Simla, and several locali-
ties in Nepal.
Bigot’s species (of which the type is in the Indian Museum
collection) was described by him in the Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (1880)
(5), x, 215 from “ Hindustan,’ but the name was preoccupied
by Jennicke in 1868 in ‘‘ Neue exot. Dipt.,” 93, for a very different
species, from Java. The present is a furry species, belonging to the
intyicarius group, and to which Wiedemann’s orventalis also belongs.
Of the latter species the Indian Museum possesses a short series of
both sexes from Sikkim.
N.6.—Amongst some unnamed species of /rzstalis in the Indian
Museum collection is a @ from Sikkim closely resembling inétrica-
rius, I,., but with the face much more produced, the hair on the
major part (apical) of the abdomen bright red, the legs wholly
black, and the arista plumose nearly to the tip. The produced
lace makes it appear specifically distinct,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. fess
Ey tenax, 1,
This nearly cosmopolitan species, including the variety cam-
pestris, Mg., appears quite widely distributed in the Palearctic dis-
tricts of the east, as it comes from every station in the Himalayan
hills. I have taken it mvself at Mussoorie and Darjiling, also
from localities further east (Hongkong, Shanghai, and in Japan) ;
vet I have seen only a very few specimens from the Indian plains
(Bareilly, Meerut) and none at all from any more tropical locality.
E. solitus, Wk.
My identification of this species is corroborated by Mr. Austen,
who has kindly compared specimens with the type in the British
Museum. A considerable series in the Indian Museum collection
shows specimens from Sikkim, Shillong, Kurseong and Mussoorie,
all of which agree well with my own collected examples from
Mussoorie, Darjiling, China and Japan, and with others taken by
Dr. Annandale at Naini Tal. Walker originally described it from
Nepal.
MEGASPIS, Macq.
This is a good genus, but the roughness on the frons, which
distinguishes it, is not always easily visible.
A new species closely allied to, yet quite distinct from, errans,
F., gave me much trouble but Mr. Austen confirms it as distinct,
and Osten Sacken’s note (Ann. Mus. Gen., xvi, 441) about the
presence of the metallic spots on the 3rd and 4th abdominal seg-
ments, as remarked after comparison by him with the types, con-
Megaspis ervans, F.
vinced me that I had correctly determined evrans, F., from Wiede-
mann’s description in his Auss. Zweifl., although that author did
not mention these spots. What hindered my recognition was that
a specimen of evvans was in the Indian Museum collection (apart
from other undetermined specimens of the species) labelled in Bigot’s
handwriting Frist. cognatus, Wied., a species which is evidently of
similar appearance but is a true Hristalis, Wiedemann marking off
very clearly those of his species of ‘‘ Evistalis ’’ which we now place
in Megaspis. The spots vary from shining brassy almost to steel
colour and exist in a less degree in my new species.
72 E. Brunerr1: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vor. I,
The species sculptatus of V. d. Wulp seems to be separated from
crassus, F., only by the absence of the large red-and-black spine
on the underside of the hind femora, and the abnormal width of
the 2nd abdominal segment, which the author says forms the major
part of the abdomen, whereas in the common crassus it is of normal
width.
Table of Oriental species of Megaspis.
-
Basal half of wing entirely quite black.
B Hind femora bright tawny red, with
black tips.
Hind femora untoothed below ; 2nd
abdominal segment abnormally
wide .. .. Long. rrmm. sculptatus, V. Wulp
Hind femora with distinct black-
and-red tooth below, near tip;
2nd abdominal segment normal.
Long. 12-15 mm. crassus, F.
BB Hind femora wholly black. Long. 15 mm. chrysopygus, Wied.
AA Basal half of wing not black; only
normally a little tawny brown.
t. Hind femora, basal half tawny, rest
blackish brown with soft yellow hair.
Thorax almost wholly occupied by an
ill-defined blackish square dorsal
spot, with a tendency to be divi-
ded transversely from each side by
a light, very narrow cross-band.
Abdomen (more or less ¢tenax-like),
with a large black triangular spot
on the posterior border of each
segment, barely reaching the sides.
Wings pale vellow, without distinct
suffusion, merely the mediastinal
cell tawnvish, also base of wings.
Face, seen from above, pinkish tawny
(7); greyish with black hair ( @? )
Long.. 10-12 mm. evvans, FE.
Femora unicolorous, but varying
from light brown to blackish ; hind
pair never with tawny basal half and
dark apical half.
Thorax with a wide, well-defined,
quite black uninterrupted trans-
verse band, occupying one-third
the vertical length of the dorsum.
bo
| In the accompanying diagram of the thorax of this species the dorsal
dark marks are shown much more distinct than they really are; the shape of the
markings will, howeyer, clearly distinguish the species,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum, 73
Abdomen (more or less ¢enax-like)
with posterior edges of segments
black, sometimes showing a ten-
dency in the centre to form 4
dorsal stripe. ,
Wings practically as in ervans.
Face, seen from above, quite white
(~), or yellowish grey, with black
VETLex- (9),
Long. II-15 mm. ¢vansversus, sp. nov.'
3. All femora wholly quite black, hind
pair with short, stiff, bristly hair.
Thorax blackish, covered with close
black hair which on anterior
border is reddish vellow.
Abdomen not ¢enax-like, somewhat
intricarvius-like, though not so
pubescent ; 2nd segment with a
broad, bright yellow band, cover-
ing nearly the whole segment.
Wings nearly clear, with a distinct
blackish brown suffusion in the
middle of the anterior border and
in a less degree at the base also.
Face grey, with blackish hairs
(eres)
Md
Long. I1-I5 mm. zonalis, F.
M. transversus, mihi, sp. nov.
ao @. India. Long. 11-14 mm.
Head: ground colour of frons and face, blackish with white hair
(seen from above) in the ~, and yellowish grey hair with blackish
vertex in the @. A _ black frontal stripe more or less visible.
Eye-facets small, uniform. Antenne reddish brown, on very short
shining brown prominence; 3rd joint blackish. Back of head
grey, posterior orbit of eves yellow on vertex with short yellowish
hair, greyish at sides and below with snow-white short hair. Under
side of face blackish. Mouth and proboscis dark brown.
Thorax: dorsum greyish tawny (sometimes greenish yellow
in front) with yellowish or greyish hair; crossed transversely
by a clear-cut wide black band (ground colour) with close short
blackish brown hair; this band occupies rather more than one-
third the vertical length of the dorsum and is narrowed at the sides.
A patch of tawny red hair on each shoulder. Sides cinereous grey
| In the accompanying diagram of the thorax of this species the dorsal dark
marks are shown much more distinct than they really are; the shape of the
markings will, however, clearly distinguish the species.
74 EK. Brunetti: Notes on Onental Syrphide. [Vot. II,
with sparse hair. Scutellum, of the usual great width, black, with
close very short black hair, and some pale hairs on the margin.
Abdomen tawny, posterior borders of segments with a black
band, wider in some specimens than in others, and with a tendency
sometimes on the 2nd segment to form a dorsal band. Centre of
Ist segment black. At each of the fore corners of the ard and 4th
segments is a triangular brassy metallic spot (not strikingly con-
spicuous, as the colour is so similar to the ground colour) which
is somewhat raised, and does not attain the ridged sides of these
segments. Whole dorsum covered with short yellow hair, which is
darker on the posterior part of each segment ; a minute row of
black hairs on the extreme edge of eachsegment. Belly tawny with
some vellow hair, centres and posterior halves of the segments more
or less blackish.
Megaspis tvansversus, mihi, sp. nov.
Legs: coxe blackish grey, hind pair with a little yellow hair ;
femora wholly brown, sometimes lighter, sometimes nearly black,
but always unicolorous, except that the extreme tip is occasionally
lighter, with light golden yellow hair; tibia, rather variable,
usually with tawny basal half and lighter or darker brown apical
half, with yellowish or whitish hair, which is brown or black on
the darker parts ; tarsi dark brown, with yellowish grey hair below,
which is sometimes golden brown under hind pair.
Wings nearly clear, a little tawny brown suffusion at base,
in the mediastinal cell, and near the base of the discal cell. Hal-
teres yellow.
Described from four ~ ~ and four @? @ in fair condition (sup-
plemented by a long series of both sexes in indifferent condition)
in the Indian Museum collection from Bangalore and Calcutta.
Allied to errans, F., but quite distinct. ‘The sub-metallic raised
triangles on the abdominal 3rd and 4th segments are identical with
those in evvans, F., but the hind femora are never pale on the basal
half and dark on the apical. This character alone, or the thoracic
markings, will at once separate the two species.
POLYDONTA, Macq.
(2) P. orientalis, mihi, sp. nov.
(Id. id., Bigot, nem. nud.)
e. Orient, lone. 1 aim,
Head: eyes touching for a short space only, facets small, uni-
form ; vertex small, with some black hair. Antenne on a moderate
1g08. | Records of the Indian Museum. 75
prominence, both blackish, 3rd joint brownish orange, with orange
arista. Frons and face with whitish hair, yellowish brown mixed
with black above the antenne ; facial callus. of moderate size,
shining, bare; proboscis and mouth, brownish black. Back of
head dark grey, with a narrow fringe of short greyish yellew hair,
which is longer below the head.
Thorax blackish, covered with light yellowish grey pubescence
which also occurs in front of the wing-insertion, on the cinereous grey
sides of the thorax. Scutellum tawny, with rather long yellowish
grey erect pubescence.
Abdomen light chestnut-brown ; Ist segment and base of 2nd in
middle, blackish ; 2nd segment, towards the posterior border, 3rd
and 4th segments, both at base and towards posterior borders, ‘with
broad black transverse bands, slightly elevated ; extreme edges of
segments pale. Whole abdomen lightlv clothed with pale yellow
hair, which is much longer and Hicker on the yellowish belly, on
which some traces of black transverse bands can be seen. ‘The
abdomen consists of only the four distinct segments as described ;
unless a fifth segment can be recognised in a bare brown curved
plate twisted to the /eft side of the large genital process, which is
shining brown, bare, biglobular; the lower globe bearing on its
under side some further small appendages.
Legs: coxee dark brown, with pale yellow hair; trochanters
much lengthened, brown, with some black marks and yellow hairs ;
anterior feng blackish, except pale tips, with soft yellow hair ;
hind pair enormously enlarged, blackish on upper side, and on
apical half below, with a broad black ring round the middle,
most distinct on the outer side ; on the lower side (apical half) is
a collection of short black spines, whilst soft yellow hair occurs
rather thickly on the upper side, and on the basal half below ; scat-
tered long yellow hairs occurring over the whole femur more or less.
The basal half of the femur below is considerably cut away,
the vacancy being replaced by a prominent, tawny vellow tooth,
closely covered with long vellow hair. Tibie. brown, lighter at
base, with yellow short pubescence; hind pair shining chesnut-
brown, much curved, almost bare, and terminating in a point in-
wards. ‘Tarsi dark brown, the metatarsus thicker than the rest
of the joints.
Wings very pale grey—not darker at base ; two minute blackish
suffusions at the stigma, and on the spurious vein just below the
fork of the 3rd longitudinal vein. Halteres very short, pale vellow,
covered wholly by the dirty white tegule, which bear whitish hairs
on the margins.
Described from a single ~ in fair condition in the Indian
Museum collection, bearing no data, but marked “‘ Inde ”’ in Bigot’s
handwriting.
N.B.—I leave this species in Polydonta, as being the most suit-
able genus to receive it, as the shape of the abdomen, venation,
and pointed curved hind tibie all agree perfectly with Macquart’s
description and figure. There are, however, several points in
76 FE. Brunetti: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vo1. II,
which it very materially differs from the definition given by
Macquart.
Firstly, he says the front in the ~ (the only sex given) is
moderately wide, whereas in my specimen the eyes touch for a dis-
tinct space ; but possibly Macquart’ Ss specimen was a 9; secondly,
the hind femora in my species are very greatly enlarged, in the
same proportion as in Syritta, whereas Macquart’s description is
only * epaisses ” ; moreover they are barely curved at all, much
less possessing the extraordinary curvature shown in Macquart’s
figure (Dip. Ex. Supp. iv, pt. 1; pl. xiti, fig. 0.c.). Again, though
that figure shows a small tooth at the base below, it is not so
conspicuous as in orventalts.
The genus was established for bicolor, Macq., from Nova Scotia,
and has not been previously recorded from the Fast ; but, knowing
of no other in which to place the Oriental species, I leave it here,
where Bigot placed it.
Apart from the question of the location of ovientalis in Poly-
donta, the genus requires renaming, being preoccupied in Molluse<
by Fischer in 1807.
I might add that Bigot’s label reads “‘Polydivota,”’ but I presume
he means Polydonta.
The type-specimen only possessed one tarsus, which has, un-
fortunately, been broken off since my describing it, but I noticed
particularly, the slight thickening of the metatarsus below, men-
tioned by Macquart.
EUMERUS, Mg.
E. argyropus, Dol.
(E. argentipes, Wk.)
There are three 7 o@ anda @ from Assam in the Indian
Museum collection which T have identified with this species.
E. nepalensis, mihi, sp. nov.
@. Nepal (Chonebal). Long. 8 mm.
Head very shining black, face below antennee, black, antennze
bright tawny red, the edge of the 3rd joint black.
Thovax dark shining aénous black, with tawny grey pubes-
cence on dorsum, and grey pubescence at the sides, scutellum
unicolorous, with soft, rather long vellowish grey hair, posterior
border with a flat edge which is serrated above.
Abdomen shining black, with two oval, oblique pale spots on 2nd
segment, their ends touching the posterior border of the segments
neat the side margin; extreme posterior border of segments very
narrowly tawny. On the 3rd segment are two smaller and nar-
rowet spots similarly situated; on the 4th segment, two hardly
visible pale grey similar spots with white hair. Sides and tip of
abdomen with white hair. Belly black, pale in centre.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 77
Legs black, femora fringed with whitish hair below, posterior
femora with black hair on upper side ; the basal half and tips of
the femora, four anterior tarsi, tip of posterior metatarsus, and
apical half of next joint, tawny yellow: under side of whole pos-
terior tarsi with bright golden yellow pubescence; four anterior
tarsi with some white hairs at base.
Wings clear, iridescent, veins well marked, stigma brown ;
tegule and halteres yellowish.
Described trom the one type-specimen in the Indian Museum
collection. It is near argyropus, Dol., but distinct by the wholly
clear wing.
N.B.—I have a Eumerus taken by me at Mussoorie, 20-24-
vi-o5, and another species taken by me at Lucknow, 2-xii-o4, but
shall reserve these for further consideration. ‘The first I cannot
identify with any of Schiner’s species, but in view of the forty
known European species, any one of which it may be, I refrain
from describing it as new.
SYRITTA, St. Farg. et Serv.
In a subsequent paper I hope to deal with this genus. Five
species have been recorded from the East, all apparently bearing
considerable resemblance to one another. S. piprens, 1,., the very
common European and North American species, has not been
recorded, but I have taken it myself not only at Mussoorie and
Darjiling, but from the Indian plains also. My first impressions
derived from a study of the Oriental species of this genus are
that there may be only three species: (1) pipiens, L., of which
orientalis, Mcq., and indica, W., may be synonyms ; (2) a species
with the pairs of spots replaced by entire bands which, when
interrupted, are only very slightly so. This species would be
ambotnensis, Dol., with tlluctda, Wik., as a possible synonym,
although in the latter the bands are straight, whilst in amboin-
ensis, Dol., they are not so. The third species varies from both,
but approximates most to pipiens.
On the other hand there may be eight or ten good species.
One specimen in my own collection taken by me at Agra, 4-iv-05,
has the posterior femora nearly wholly bright red and the 2nd pair
of abdominal spots also reddish.
An example in the Indian Museum collection has the second
pair of spots nearly as large as the first pair, whilst a third species,
which occurs in Calcutta and elsewhere (Karachi), has a broad pale
entire band occupying two segments. ‘This is labelled S. datecincta,
Bigot, which is I believe a nomen nudum, but the species may be a
good one. Other specimens in inferior condition in the Indian
Museum collection may prove to be still further species.
XYLOTA, Meig.
The Indian Museum possesses specimens named by Bigot,
cuprina, cupropicta, flavitarsis, and auvonitens, all being his own
78 E. BRUNETTI: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [VoL. II,
species. Of these cuprina' is a described species and the ~ and
2? 2 of it apparently are co-types, and therefore, presumably,
correctly ‘identified. Cupropicta and flavitarsis (two 2 @ and one 9
respectively) are certainly only the same species as cuprina, and
are probably nomina nuda. The other species, auronitens, is ap-
parently a good species, which I describe here, with a second very
distinct species from Assam.
X. auronitens, mihi, sp. nov.
OU ee ie
Bigot, nom. nud.)
@. Assam. Long. 12 mm.
Head: vertex shining black, a few yellow hairs immediately
above junction of eyes, which are contiguous for only half the
distance from the frontal prominence to the crown of the head.
Facets small, of uniform size, except being a little larger where the
eyes touch ; ocelli distinct, no ocellar prominence. Frons shining
black, grey dusted round the margins, with lower edge immediately
above the antenne, tawny. Cheeks and lower part of face
blackish, with a brownish blue tinge, with whitish reflections in
certain lights. Antenne reddish brown, 3rd joint lighter, whitish
dusted ; arista reddish brown. Mouth and proboscis brown. Back
of head grey, encompassed hy a fringe of gold-vellow hair, which
is shortest behind the upper corners of the eves.
Thorax : dorsum golden brassy, with gold-vellow hairs, which
are absent in the centre, giving an appearance, seen from behind,
of a dark dorsal stripe. Humeral calli, hluish black, with a few
yellow hairs. Sides of thorax blackish, shining, with some scattered
yellow hairs. Mesopleura, pteropleura and sternopleura, aénous
grey, shining, with yellow hairs. Metanotum aénous, bare.
Scutellum brassy gold, with rather close, moderately short, vellow
hair.
Abdomen: 1st segment aénous, with a slight brassy tinge ;
2nd, tawny brown, shining, posterior border blackish ; the colour
extending forward in the centre as a partial dorsal stripe; 3rd,
tawny brown, shining, posterior part, blackish ; the colour widest
in the centre ; 4th, aénous shining, reddish brown towards posterior
border. Tip of abdomen reddish brown. Belly red-brown, black at
base. The whole abdomen—dorsum, sides and belly—is covered
with short, soft yellow hair.
Legs: coxze shining aénous, posterior pair with yellow hair
on outer sides ; femora aénous, with soft vellow hair, extreme tips
tawny ; tibiae and tarsi bright tawny with vellowish pubescence,
apical half of tibiz blackish, especially in fore and hind pair, the
fore tibiee beering a fringe of long vellow hair on their inner sides.
| This specific name has been used for a second time by Coquillet for a species
from Japan described by him in 1898 (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, 327). Bigot’s
species therefore antedates this latter by thirteen years.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 79
Wings pale grey, mediastinal cell uniformly brownish yellow ;
no distinct stigma. Halteres bright yellowish red. ‘Tegule whitish
grey.
Described irom a single @ in good condition in the Indian
Museum collection from Margherita.
‘Nhis species must be very near migroaénescens, Rond., but his
description of the abdomen does not quite agree, and he says
the antennee are black, whereas in auvonitens they are bright reddish
brown. My longer description will enable some author to decide
whether it is svnonymous with Rondani’s species or not.
X. assamensis, mihi, sp. nov.
2. Assam (Kohima). Long. 13 mm.
Frons shining black narrowing towards vertex, a slight trace
of a grey pollinose line across the centre; face below antennz
tawny, with minute not very strongly marked silvery white pubes-
cence ; proboscis blackish brown; antenne brown; a fringe of
yellowish hair behind eyes at the sides.
Thorax, dull violet bronze, nearly bare, sides black, some yellow
hairs in front, at the base of the wing; scutellum unicolorous,
vellow hair at sides and on posterior border.
Abdomen, dull violet aénous, nearly bare, but with minutely
yellowish pubescence seen from in front.
Legs, bright red tawny, with very slight vellow hair ; coxe
black ; posterior femora with traces of a brown mark in the
middle of the upper side.
Wings, pale yellowish tawny, stigma tawny. Halteres brown,
alulee brown with a fringe of thick yellow hair behind.
Described from one @ in the Indian Museum collection.
The Oriental species of this genus may be separated thus—
Abdomen with distinct bands or spots.
ess black. .. Long. 11 mm. nigroaénescens, Rond.
Legs partly tawny.
Abdomen with two broad interrup-
ted testaceous bands.
Thorax unstriped; antenne
black: basal half of femora
pale | .. Long. 8 mm. calopus, Big.
Thorax with two testaceous
tomentose stripes; antenne
tawny ; femora chalybeous.
Long. 10 mm. conforms, Wk.
Abdomen with six bands.
Long. 12 mm. @qualis, W1k.
Abdomen unicolorous, or at least, without
distinct bands or spots.
Legs tawny or red.
Abdomen tawny towards the base.
Long. 10 mm. @thusa, Wk,
80 E. Bruneri1: Notes on Ortental Syrphide. [Vor. II,
Abdomen all shining violet.
Long. 13 mm. assamensts, mihi, sp.
Legs not tawny (metailic blue, green, nov.
aénous or black: in ventralis “ dingy
testaceous ’’).
Belly with two very broad testaceous
stripes .. Long. 9 mm. ventralis, Wik.
Belly without pale stripes.
Long. 10-11 mm. cuprina, Big.
MILESIA, Latr.
In this genus there is little to record.
Only two new species have been described recently ; these are—
M. balteata, Kert., 1901, Termés. Fiizet., xxiv, 414; Sikkim.
M. semifulva, Meijere, 1904, Bijd. Dierk., xviii, 19 ; Darjiling
(figured).
To these I add two undescribed species in the Indian Museum
collection named by Bigot variegata and himalayensis.
For a table of most of the species up to 1882, Baron Osten
Sacken’s notes in -the Berl. Hut. Zeits., vol: xxvi; 187, EN DIEN.
Par LORENZO CAMERANO, Professeur a ? Université de Turin.
Monsieur N. Annandale, Superintendant du Musée d’Histoire
Naturelle Indien de Calcutta, a eu Vobligeance de me soumettre
la collection de Gordiens appartenant au Musée. I,étude de cette
collection sera certainement utile pour la connaissance de la dis-
tribution géographique de plusieurs espéces deja connues et elle fera
connaitre aussi quelques espéces nouvelles pour la science.
Chordodes stamensis, Camet.
Assam: J. Macdonald.
» Longueur maxima, m.o'148. Largeur maxima, m. 0’0oI.
Exemplaire trouvé dans une “‘ Mantis.”
L/animal est noir.
Pegu.
? Longueur maxima, m. 0°302. Largeur maxima, m. 0°00I5.
L/animal est d’un brun clair.
J'ai décrit cette espéce d’aprés un exemplaire femelle du
Siam (‘‘ Nuove specie di Gordii del Basso Siam,” Boli. dex Musez di
Zool. e. Anat. Comp. di Torino, vol. xviii, n. 437. 1903). Je décris
le male de cette espéce, qui n’a pas encore été décrit. La forme
générale du corps, de l’extrémité antérieure et de l’extrémité pos-
térieure est celle qui caractérise les espéces du genre Chordodes.
L/animal est noir. Ia couche cuticulaire extérieure a la méme
structure que celle de la femelle.
Chordodes annandalet, sp. nov.
Chitlong, Nepal: Museum Collector (Hodgart). x-07.
@ Longueur maxima, m.o0'085. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0005.
od 2: me m. 0°090. m. 0°0005.
2 ae T,.0° 138; m. 0°0007.
Ces trois exemplaires ont été trouvés dans un individu de
“ Mantis.”
Le corps de la femelle est de couleur brune, celui du male est
de couleur brun-no‘ratre.
La forme générale du corps, est celle qui caractérise les
espéces du genre Chordodes. Chez le male, l’extrémité postérieure
est entiére avec un trés petit sillon terminal antéro-postérieur.
La couche cuticulaire extérieure du male a la méme structure que
celle de la femelle. Les aréoles papillaires sont d’une seule qualité.
bie} d)
de) >)8) Q”
II4 T,. CAMERANO: Gordiens du Musée Indien. [Vou. I,
Elles sont coniques, trés rapprochées entre elles et souvent elles
sont pourvues de formations en forme de trés petits poils refrin-
gents. T,a longueur des aréoles papillaires est To—15 #: la largeur
est 3—4—5 pv. .
Pour ce qui est du systéme des aréoles papillaires de la couche
cuticulaire extérieure cette espéce appartient au groupe d’espéces
du genre Chordodes qui ont une seule qualité d’aréoles papillaires,
telles que: Ch. moluccanus, Roemer, Ch. liguligerus, Roemer, Ch.
webert, Villot. Elle différe de Ch. liguligerus par les caractéres de
la couche extérieure de la cuticule. Dans cette espéce les aréoles
cuticulaires sont trés longues, lguliformes (long. 30—36 p).
Elle différe de Ch. moluccanus, qui présente les aréoles papillaires
basses, arrondies, et avec une surface bousselée.
Elle différe enfin de Ch. weber1, qui présente les aréoles papil-
laires aplaties ou arrondies.
Chordodes giglio-tost, sp. nov.
Purneah, N. Bengal: W. Shillingford.
9 Longueur maxima, m. 0°355. Largeur maxima, m. 0’ooI.
Ija forme générale du corps, de l’extrémité antérieure et de
Vextremite postérieure est celle qui caractérise les espéces du
genre Chordodes. I,’animal est brun.
Ia couche cuticulaire extérieure présente deux sortes d’aréoles
papillaires. Les aréoles papillaires de la premiére sorte sont légére-
ment relevées, tn peu arrondies et plus basses que les sut-
vantes. Elles sont couvertes de granulations trés fines.
Les aréoles de la deuxiéme sorte sont plus grosses, plus con-
vexes et sont pourvues d’un prolongement clair en forme de tube
un peu conique et legérement recourbé. Ces aréoles sont disposées
caet la, isolées ou quelquefois rapprochées entre elles deux 4 deux.
Les areoles de la deuxiéme sorte ont a leur base Io » de largeur
environ. Les tubes ont une longueur de 12—15 » environ, et un
diametre transversal de 2—3 p» environ.
Cette espéce est bien caractérisée par la structure de sa cuticule
extérieure.
Parachordodes pustulosus, Baird.
Yarkand: F. Stoliczka.
Un exemplaire 2.
Longueur maxima, m. o'12. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0008.
Couleur jaune clair.
Cette espéce est trés répandue. Elle se trouve en Angleterre,
France, Allemagne, Itali¢é, dans le désert des Kirgisi, dans la
Chine méridionale et en plusieurs localités de l’Asie Centrale.
T/expédition Russe au Tibet (1899—1901)l’a trouvée a Entok-gomba
dans une source prés du fleuve Dza-Eju (Bassin du Fleuve Bleu).
Confr. I,. Camerano, ‘* Monografia dei Gordii,’? Mem. R. Accad.
Scienze Torino, ser. 11, vol. xlvii (1897); ‘‘ Gordiens nouveaux ou
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 115
peu connus du Musée Zoologique de l’Acad. Imp. Petersb., Se. St.
Pétersbourg,” Annuaire du Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. St. Pétersb.,
t. 1 (1896), pe. 117-125, et t. vill (1903), pe, 22-290.
Gordius fulguy, Baird.
Tavoy: Dr. Forster.
a7 Longueur maxima, m. 0°76. Largeur maxima, m. w‘ool!.
2 ie Ri im: dS ee 1001,
+)
Le corps est de couleur jaune clair. Le collier noir est a peine
marque. Le corps de la femelle est luisant: celui de male est
moins bien conserve. Les lobes de l’extrémité postérieure du male
sout courts et arrondis a l’extremité. Ta lame postcloacale est
grande et arrondie.
Andamans: D. A. de Roepstorff.
9 Longueur maxima, m.o'72. Largeur maxima, m. 0’ooI.
Le corps est de couleur jaune-brun. Le collier noir n’est pas
marque.
Je rapporte cet exemplaire avec quelques doutes au G. fulgur,
Baird. A cette espéce il ressemble par sa longueur. On sait
d’autre part que la determination spécifique des femelles des
espéces du genre Gordius qui out la couche cuticulaire extérieure
lisse est souvent trés difficile.
Le Gordius fulguy est lespéce qui peut présenter la plus grande
longeur que l’on connaisse chez les Gordiens. On l’a signalée dans
les localités suivantes: Batjan, Celebes, Nepal, Japan, Birmanie.
Gordius dorie, Camer.
Bagracote, Siliguri, N. Bengal: W. Shillingford. 4-1-83.
o Longueur maxima, m. 0°63. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0015.
Le corps est de couleur jaune-brun. Le collier noir est bien
marqué: les bandes longitudinales brunes sont au contraire peu
marquees.
? Longueur maxima, m. 0°36. JLargeur maxima, m. 0°002.
Le corps est de couleur jaune-brun. Le collier noir est bien
marqué. Il n’ya pas de bandes longitudinales brunes.
Birch Hill, Darjiling: Dr. E. Birch. 20-xii-81.
? Longueur maxima, m. 0°215. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0017.
Le corps est de couleur brun. Le collier noir est bien marque.
I n’ya pas de bandes longitudinales brunes.
Darjiling: Col. A. A. A. Kinloch. 12-ix-85.
@ Longueur maxima, m. 0°365. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0015.
Le corps est de couleur jaune-brun clair. Le collier noir et
les bandes longitudinales sont peu marqués.
Darjiling.
@Longueur maxima, m. 0°30. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0008.
116 I,, CAMERANO: Gordiens du Musée Indien. [Vor. I,
Ie corps est de couleur jaunatre. Le collier et les bandes
longitudinales sont assez foncés.
Pegu. .
o Longueur maxinia, m. 0°33. Largeur maxima, m. o’ool.
2 55 cc m. 0°46. Gs Spe » E. OLO0R.
Le corps est de couleur jaunatre. Le collier et les bandes
longitudinales sont peu foncés.
Cette espéce a été signalée a Cobapo (Birmanie) et a Perak
(Malacca).
Confr. I, Camerano, ‘‘ Monografia dei Gordii,’” Mem. R. Accad.
Sc. Torino, ser. ii, vol. xlvii (1897); ‘“‘ Gordii della Malasia e
del Messica,”’ Ath. Accad. Scienze Torino, vol. xxxiv, 1899.
Gordius parone, Camer.
Darjiling : D. Paterson.
v7 Longueur maxima, m. 0°37. Largeur maxima, m. 0’00I.
Le corps est de couleur brun. Il n’ya pas de collier noir et
de bandes longitudinales brunes. Les lobes de l’extrémité pos-
terieure sont plus clairs en dessous. L,’extrémité antérieure est
blanchatre.
Sikkim.
2 Longueur maxima, m. 0°43. Largeur maxima, m. 00015.
Le corps est de couleur brun-foncé. Le collier noir et les
bandes longitudinales brunes manquent.
Asiatic Society of Bengal (sans localité).
@ Longueur maxima, m. 0°385. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0015.
Couleur du corps, collier et bandes longitudinales comme
dans l’individu de Sikkim.
Tura, Garo Hills: Williamson.
? Longueur maxima, m. 0°30. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0015,.
Couleur du corps, collier et bandes longitudinales comme
dans Vindividu de Sikkim.
? India (sans localité précise).
9 Longueur, m.-0°385 a m. 0°635. Largeur, m. O'O00I a
m. O°0015:
9 Longueur, m. 0'°232am.0°275. Largeur, m. 0'0008 a m. 0°00I.
Nombreux exemplaires.
La couleur du corps est brun-noir.
J'ai décrit cette espéce d’aprés des exemplaires de Kota Bharu
(Siam). Elle est trés variable par sa longueur et par sa coloration.
Ies exemplaires en bon état de conservation et avec une coloration
foncée sont quelque peu iridescents.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. E17
Gordius zavattarit, sp. nov.
Darjiling.
o Longueur maxima, m. 0'295. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0000.
Coloration générale jaune clair. Collier noir bien marqué.
Bandes longitudinales noirdtres. I,es lobes de l’extrémité posté-
rieure sont longs m. 0°0005 environ, arrondie a leur extrémité, peu
divergents. Ia lame postcloacale est bien développée, noiratre
et presque recourbée en ogive.
La couche cuticulaire extérieure n’est pas aréolée et présente
de trés petites formations réfringentes (long. 3—4 mj disposées ¢a
et la et presque toujours au milieu des espaces en losange qui
sont limités par les lignes croisées caractéristiques de la cuticule
des espéces du genre Gordius.
Cette espéce a quelque ressemblance avec le Gordius aéneus,
Villot (de Venezuala), pour ce qui est de la structure de la cuticule :
mais elle en différe par l’absence du collier noir et par la forme de
la lame postcloacale.
Paragordius sp. ?
Darjiling Water-Works: Chairman, Darjiling Municipality.
Un exemplaire ~ en mauvais état de conservation.
Ey
iy, a
Pru
f
Mii rer, SANA Or BRACKISH PONDS
AT POR Le CAN NING al OW ER BEN GATI,.
Part IX.—A NEW SPECIES OF AMPHIPODA.
by the: Rev. THOMAS R“R: STEBBING, M-A., FiR.S.,; F.L.S:, F.Z:S.
In the year 1904 Professor Coutiére defined a new genus of
Amphipoda, with description and figures of the typical species,
Grandidterella mahafalensis. ‘The specimens described had been
collected two or three years earlier by Mons. G. Grandidier in
Madagascar. They came from the Lake Tsimanampetsotsa in
a previously unexplored region of the Mahafaly country. The
lake in question is a long lagoon-like depression between latitude
24° and 24°30’ S. and in longitude 44° E., about six miles from
the west coast, and no longer possessing communication with
the sea. Its salinity, varying with the rainfall, is greater than
that of the sea during the dry season, and its fauna appears to
be very poor (Coutiére, loc. cit. infra).
Professor Coutiére expressed an expectation that marine
examples of his singular new species would be forthcoming on the
west coast of Madagascar. This discovery has apparently not
yet been made, but what has actually happened is perhaps of
even greater interest. For the species about to be described,
from brackish ponds in Lower Bengal, displays the very closest
relationship to the one so recently found in a salt lake of Madagas-
ear. Their differences may be considered to prove that the two
species have been for a long time isolated one from the other. Yet,
whatever the interval in chronology, the vast intervening space of
ocean has left unobliterated and in fact unobscured the evidence
of a common ancestry.
That the two species have become clearly distinct will pres-
ently be shown by characters of the antenne, upper lip, mandibles,
and gnathopods. Mons. Coutiére has, in an interesting manner,
compared his genus and species with Dryopoides, Stebbing; Un-
ciola, Say.; Chevreuxius grandimanus, Bouvier ; and Camacho
bathyplous, Stebbing. ‘The last-named species, reported in the
‘“Challenger’’ dredgings to have come from a depth of I,100
fathoms, has since been dredged off South Africa in 47 fathoms.
Fam. COROPHIID.
1906. Corophtide, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, ‘‘ Amphipoda Gam-
maridea,’’ Lieferung 21, pp. 662, 739.
In the key to the genera of this family supplied under the
foregoing reference, M. Coutiére’s genus, with which we are
120’ “TI. R. R. STEBBING: Lhe fauna of Brackish Ponds. {(VOrAl
here concerned, will stand near to Unciola, Say. It is, however,
more closely allied to Chevreuxius, Bonnier, being at the same time
sharply distinguished from that genus by the character of the
second uropods, which are here biramous, not as in M. Bonnier’s
genus uniramous.
Gen. GRANDIDIERELLA, Coutiére.
1904. Grandidierella, Coutiére, Bulletin de la Soc. philomathique,
Ser On. VOlavi pal yok
1906. Grandidierella, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, ‘‘ Amphipoda,”’
P. 739. .
The genus is defined by M. Coutiére as follows :—
Body little compressed; side-plates narrow. First antennee
with the first and second joints of the peduncle elongate, the third
joint short. Accessory flagellum one-jointed, very small. Second
antennee at most equal to the preceding, fourth and fifth joints
of the peduncle elongate. Mandibular palp with second joint
slightly longer than first, and third than second; mandibular pro-
cess narrow; cutting edge dentate. Lower lip with processes
of the external lobes long and conical. First maxille with inner
plate almost obsolete, without trace of sete; outer plate with
eleven spines. Second maxilla having the inner plate furnished
with two fringes of sete. Maxillipeds having a series of spines on
the outer plate, the finger short, unguiculate. First and second
gnathopods subchelate, dissimilar; the first more robust than the
second, with marked sexual dimorphism affecting both size and
shape. Third, fourth and fifth pereeopods with second joint ex-
panded. The fifth pereopod almost twice as long as the third.
Third uropods one-branched ; peduncle a little widened on the inner
side, shorter than the ramus. Telson emarginate, broader than long.
The species now to be added to the genus falls excellently
under the original definition. The sister species, as often happens,
are much less sharply separated in the female than in the male
sex; but in both sexes they show a very clear distinction.
Accessory flagellum of first antenne
nearly as long as first joint of primary :
wrist in first gnathopod of male more
than twice as long as broad .. .. G.mahafalensis, Coutiére.
Accessory flagellum of first antenne not
nearly as long as first joint of primary :
wrist in first gnathopod of male not
nearly twice as long as broad... .. G. bonniert, sp. nov.
Grandidiervella bonniert, sp. nov.
(Plate -vi.)
In preserved specimens the body is moderately compressed,
except when the marsupium of the female is much distended
with eggs. The lateral lobes of the head are rounded, carrying
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. : / 123
the dark rounded eyes, the space between these being occupied by
a large patch of dark colouring. The outlines of an undissected
specimen are exceedingly difficult to make out in consequence
of the numerous irregular patches of colour over the whole surface.
None of the side-plates of the perzeon are deep; those of the first
two segments are somewhat squared with rounded corners, those
of the two following are shallowly trilobed; and this appears to
be the case with the sixth pair. The postero-lateral corners of
the third pleon segment are rounded with a minutely produced
point. The next three segments are each shorter than the third,
decreasing in succession.
The first antenne have the first joint rather stout, armed below
with a spaced row of spines, two single and three in a group; the
second joint is as long as the first, but much narrower ; the third
is less than a third part as long as the second ; the flagellum is
longer than the peduncle, with fifteen unequal joints in a male
and eighteen in a female specimen. The accessory flagellum is
miscroscopically small, but carrying one or two setules. This
appendage is described as very small in the type species, but it is
relatively so much smaller in the present that it affords a good
specific character.
The second antenne are stouter, but in both sexes shorter
than the first. The first three joints are short, the next two long,
subequal, longer than the first two joints of the first antenne. The
flagellum is rather shorter than the last joint of the peduncle,
seemingly five-jointed in the male and four-jointed in the female,
with several slightly .curved spines, and perhaps a microscopical
joint not. included in the above enumeration. In M. Coutiére’s
species the flagellum of the first antenne in the male has 1g—2o0
joints and is shorter than the peduncle, and is 16-jointed in
the female; in the second antenne of the male the flagellum is
a little over half the length of the last peduncular joint, but is
itself g-jointed, a minute apical joint being included.
The upper lip in the present species has its margin evenly
convex, not slightly emarginate as figured and described for G.
mahafalensts.
The mandibles agree very nearly with M. Coutiére’s figures and
description, except that the spine-row has only six spines on the
left and five on the right mandible in the Indian species, instead
of the dozen which are attributed to each mandible in the species
from Madagascar. As usual, the accessory plate is more slender
and less strongly dentate on the right than on the left mandible.
In the generic definition M, Coutiére speaks of the mandibular
process as narrow, but it is not clear what part of the appendage
is intended by this expression. Schiddte originally applied the
expression not to the mandible itself, but to the conical prolonga-
tions of the outer lobes of the lower lip, to which M. Coutiére
refers in describing that organ.
The first maxilla appear to have the inner plate here rather
more distinct than in the type species, but without sete. The
122 T.R. R. STEBBING: The. Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [VOL--II;
maxillipeds differ scarcely at all from those of the type species,
except in having fewer spines round the apical and inner margin
of the outer plates.
The most striking difference between the two species is afforded
by the great first gnathopods of the male, the fifth joint or wrist
in the earlier species being two and a half times longer than broad
and having a narrow obtuse process on the palmar border, which
is wanting to the much shorter wrist of the Indian form. Here
the massive fifth joint is less than once and a half as long as broad.
The hand is not long enough to reach beyond the wrist’s palmar
tooth, as it does in the other species, but it is distally broad enough
to supply something more of a palm than that species displays.
Its finger well overlaps the palmar tooth of the wrist, but to a
considerably less extent than in the Madagascar form.
In the female the first gnathopod is not complexly subchelate as
in the male, but simply subchelate. The hand is shorter than the
wrist, with the palm rounded, a little oblique, finely denticulate,
defined by a palmar spine, which is overlapped by the point of the
finger. In both sexes the inner margin of the finger has some small
denticles.
The second gnathopod of the male has the narrow, distally
truncate, hand only a little shorter and narrower than the wrist,
instead of being considerably smaller in both dimensions as in
G. mahafalensis. The hind border of the wrist is strongly fringed
with long spines. The apex of the finger reaches a little beyond
the small palm. In the female the apex of the finger only reaches
the end of the palm, otherwise their limbs are nearly alike in the
two sexes. The branchial vesicle is narrow, with a constriction
near the base, giving it a two-jointed appearance. The marsupial
plate of the female is very extensive, and is fringed with sete nearly
all round.
The first and second pereeopods are alike, apparently differing
from the Madagascar species in the stouter form of the fifth joint,
which is little longer than broad. The glandular contents of these
limbs indicate that the animal is a tube-builder, and the upward
or backward position of the finger in the third pereeopods seems
adapted for movement in such a dwelling. The third pereeopods
are very much shorter than either of the following pairs, of which
the fifth pair is the longer. The hind margin of the second joint
in this pair is fringed with long sete, but by no means so densely
as represented in the type species.
The pleopods have two coupling hooks, each with three pairs of
reverted teeth, on the inner margin of the peduncle, the opposite
margin being fringed with plumose sete. The first joint of the
inner ramus carries three cleft spines. This ramus is decidedly
longer than the outer one, although each appears to have about
the same number of joints,—twelve to thirteen.
The first uropods are the longest, the peduncle longer than the
subequal rami, all strongly spined. In the second pair the peduncle
is about equal to the rami; in the third it is much shorter than the
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 123
single ramus, which carries several slender spines. In one of
the male specimens this ramus has a curious inward curved ter-
mination, which appears to be abnormal, but was found alike on
each side of the telson. The telson is short, broad and thick ;
the under distal margin rounded, the upper excavate, with a pro-
jecting point at each corner, within which are some little promi-
nent spines.
Length of the male about 4 mm., that of the female 5 mm,
Locality.—
Brackish pools, Port Canning, Lower Bengal, from which the
specimens were obtained by Dr. Nelson Annandale.
The specific name is given out of respect to M. Jules Bonnier,
whose services to carcinology are in high repute.
aa
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.
GRANDIDIERELLA BONNIERI, sp. nov.
n.s. 7 %.—Lines indicating natural size, without antenne, of
the male and female specimens respectively,
figured below in lateral view.
a.s.@ ,a.. #.—First and second antennee of the male.
gn.1,2,% ; prp. 1, 3,%.—First and second gnathopods, first and
third perzeopods of the male.
urp.3, 7 ;1.—Third uropod (abnormal) and telson in dorsal
view of a male.
The remaining figures are from the female.
l.s,1.4.—Upper and lower lips.
m.,m.;mx.1, 2; mxp.—The two mandibles, first and second
maxilla, maxillipeds. The mouth organs are
magnified on a higher scale than the other
appendages, except the telson and abnormal
uropod of a male, of which the larger figure is
magnified beyond all the rest.
en. 1,2; prp. 4, 5.—First and second gnathopods, fourth and fifth
pereeopods.
urp. 1, 2,3; £.—First uropod, second and third uropods, with the
telson in lateral view.
te VI.
Pla
Rec Inp.Mus. Vo._I.
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J.T. Rennie Reid Lith
Del. T.R.R, Stebbing
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PQUANTING cee ae
(Poe NIT) Ti Leena oO
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Sih DES CR CPI LOnN, OF ANEW SPECIES
Or. = °ATN LO. .B RAO MLO: W, ER
BURMA.
By B. 1, CHAUDHURI, B.A., B.Sc. (Edin.).
Damo annandalet, sp. nov.
Beenie ele 0 Pars Ve 8s C2841). Lat,46 to 60%
L,, Trans.13/3.
Height of body in the total length 3; length of head in the
total length 6; interorbital width in length of head 2; diameter
of eye in the length of head 4.
The lower jaw is the longer and forms a part of the profile;
the cleft of the mouth is directed obliquely upwards and outwards.
Barbels.—Two small pairs. The anterior (rostral) pair is once-
and-a-half as long as the posterior (maxillary) pair, which is con-
tained five times in the length of the head.
Fins.—Dorsal commences six rays in advance of the anal,
and there are sixteen rows of scales before its commencement. Pec-
torals do not reach the ventralis and there is an appendant superior
and inner to each pectoral fin not longer than the interorbital
width. The ventral fin is smaller and shorter than the pectoral
and has no appendant. The anal fin is situated three rows of
scales below the lateral line. Finsare diffusedly spotted with black
spots. The caudal fin is deeply forked. The lateral line is concave
and runs from behind the origin of the pectoral fin to the root of
the caudal fin. The position of the vent is immediately anterior
to the anal fin.
Colour and markings.—There are numerous dark spots on the
opercles and suborbital region, but none on the scaleless part of the
head. The scales are spotted and prettily fringed with dark spots.
The back, which is highly curved, is steel-blue, below which the
upper one-third is faintly yellow, followed by the middle third, which
is variegated in bands and dashes to be described hereafter ; then the
lower third is faintly yellow (like the upper third), and is terminated
by the highly curved silvery belly. As the markings of the middle
third are conspicuously different from those found in other allied
species, they are described below rather minutely
(a) Transverse markings.—One transverse steel-blue bar in
the pale yellow ground just behind the opercle,
broad above and tapering below, followed by a
transverse yellow band rather narrow, then a lighter
steel-blue transverse band edged with light yellow.
126 B.L. CHAUDHURI: A new species of Danio. [VOL. II, 1908.]
(b) Longitudinal markings —From above downwards—(Ist)
one faint steel-blue-gray band, short and thin, only
one-fourth of the total length, occupying about the
middle portion ; followed by (2nd) a thin yellow band
which loses itself behind in a yellow background;
(3rd) a long steel-blue band, broad’ but rather
faint, running as far back as the posterior end of the
dorsal fin; (4th) three broad yellow dashes (broken
up) in a steel-blue ground, continuous in a line,
with a yellow band behind commencing about the
middle and running to the root of the caudal fin,
where it loses itself in the yellow ground colour ; (5th)
a broad steel-blue band getting broader behind
and ending at the third row of scales before the com-
mencement of the caudal fin ; (6th) four or five blurred
dashes or round yellow markings losing themselves
behind in the steel-blue ground of the band above (5th),
which is broader posteriorly ; (7th) three or four bright
vellow dashes in a steel-blue ground continuous with a
yellow band that commences above the origin of the
anal fin and continues towards the caudal fin, but
loses itself in the yellow background ; (8th) a steel-blue
band tapering posteriorly, gradually disappearing
before the yellow band (7th) above ; (gth) a few faint
yellow dashes, terminating as it were in the steel-blue
background.
Besides other apparent and conspicuous differences the new
species differs from D. sfinosus in possessing appendants to the
pectoral fins (whereas D. spinosus has none), and from D. dangila,
which possesses appendants to the ventral fins.
Two specimens were obtained by Dr. Annandale in March,
1g08, in asmall jungle stream near Kawkareik, at the base of the
Dawna Hills in the interior of the Amherst district of Tenasserim.
Together with them were taken several specimens of Danio dangila
and D. albolineatus.
The name of the genus-is derived from the word ‘‘ Dhani”
(belonging to dhan == paddy), by which name all the allied species
are collectively called by the Bengalese, probably referring to the
smallness of their size or to their being found in grassy jungles
in the edges of rivers and lakes. In this habitat these coloured
stripes, loops and dashes are of great importance to these small
fishes.
XV.—RHYNCHOTA MALAYVANA,.
| egio Nas bine
By W. \. DISTANT.
It is proposed in these papers, to give from time to time,
contributions to a knowledge of the Rhynchota found to the east
of the limits of the area dealt with in the volumes descriptive
of the Fauna of British India. A number of species are common
to the two areas, and to understand the components of the one,
it is necessary to have a knowledge of the other. In fact North
Australia cannot be eliminated though it is not proposed to deal
with it in these papers. One of the rarest and most distinc-
tive species in the Indian Pentatomide is Amblycara gladiatoria,
Stal. It had only been recorded from “India” and Ceylon,
and was of the utmost rarity in collections. Quite recently
the British Museum received a specimen collected by Mr. Dodd
in Queensland. It is also proposed to occasionally illustrate some
of the many Malayan species described by Walker, the descriptions
of which are frequently inadequate and provocative of synonymy
by writers who cannot consult the types.
Sub-order HETEROPTERA.
Fam. TINGIDIDZ.
Genus ELASMOGNATHUS.
Elasmognathus, Fieb., Ent. Monogr., pp. 30 and go (1844).
Type E. helfert, Fieb.
Elasmognathus hewetti, sp. nov. (Pl. vii, figs. 2, 2a.)
Head black with the antenniferous tubercles sometimes ochra-
ceous; pronotum black, the anterior vesicle and lateral areas
ochraceous ; elytra piceous-brown, the sutural area darker brown,
costal area ochraceous, inwardly margined, centrally spotted,
and transversely marked with black, apical margin ochraceous,
intersected by the apices of the brown veins; abdomen above
shining black; body beneath black ; legs ochraceous ; antennee
brown, the apical joint black ; pronotum with the anterior vesicle
very coarsely punctate, its disk more thickly and finely punctate
with a strong central longitudinal ridge, the lateral areas and
the produced margins coarsely granulose, the pronotal posterior
elongation more coarsely punctate than on disk, the produced
128 W. L. Distanr: ARhynchota Malayana. [Vou, Dk
margins conically globose and upwardly directed; elytra with
the discoidal area finely granulose.
Long incl. tegm. 54 mm.
Hab.—Borneo ; Kuching (Hewitt).
Fam. LYGAAIDA.
Sub-fam. Heterogastrine.
Genus SADOLETUS,
Sadoleius, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., ti, p. 37 (1902).
Type S. validus, Dist.
Sadoletus corvus, sp. nov.
Head, pronotum and scutellum black ; basal margin of pro-
notum and a central longitudinal line on its posterior lobe ochra-
ceous ; corium pale ochraceous, its apical area broadly black;
membrane hyaline; body beneath black ; legs castaneous-brown,
bases of the femora and tarsi pale flavescent; head punctate,
antenne piceous, fourth joint longest, second longer than third ;
pronotum with the anterior lobe moderately globose, impunctate,
posterior lobe coarsely punctate ; scutellum finely punctate with
a central carinate line which does not quite reach the base ; corium
coarsely punctate, the punctures arranged in longitudinal series ;
body beneath finely and obscurely greyishly pilose.
Long 44 mm.
Hab.—Borneo ; Santubong.
Genus DINOMACHUS.
Dinomachus, Dist., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), viii, p. 473 (1901).
Type D. marshalli, Dist.
Dinomachus fusus, sp. nov. (Pl. vii, figs. 6, 6a.)
Head above fuscous brown, blackish at base, with a central
ochraceous longitudinal line which is more distinct between the
eyes ; pronotum ochraceous, the anterior lobe, excluding lateral
areas, black, with a short central ochraceous longitudinal
line, posterior lobe with two central longitudinal fascie and
a transverse spot near each basal angle black; scutellum
and corium ochraceous, the latter with the apical area black,
its extreme apex ochraceous ; membrane hyaline; body beneath
black, coxee and sternal spots ochraceous ; legs black, basal halves
of femora and annulations to tibia pale flavescent; antennze
brownish-ochraceous, first joint short, second longest, a little
longer than third, fourth short but longer than first ; eyes mo-
derately exserted ; pronotum somewhat coarsely punctate, trans-
versely compressed at about one-third from apex, anterior lobe
y
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 129
moderately globose, the posterior margin impunctate ; scutellum
somewhat thickly punctate, foveately impressed at each basal
angle, the disk broadly transversely depressed before apical area ;
corium coarsely punctate ; body beneath obscurely greyishly pilose,
the lateral margins of the abdomen palely spotted.
Long 6 mm.
Hab.—Borneo ; Santubong.
Sub-order HOMOPTERA.
Fam, FULGORID#.,
Sub-fam. Issine.
Genus HILpDA.
Isthmia, Walk., List Hom., iti, p. 732 (1851), nom. preoce.
Hilda, Kirk., Entomologist, 1900, p. 243, nom. nov.
Type H. undata, Walk.
Hilda malayensis, sp. nov. (Pl. vii, figs. 7, 7a.)
Head, pronotum and scutellum pale green; extreme apical
margin of vertex almost continuously black ; pronotum with the
margins narrowly black or piceous, extreme basal margin with an
almost continuous series of small grevish dots, basal area of face
between the eyes black with four prominent central white spots,
the black area also posteriorly narrowly margined with greyish-
white, remainder of face and body beneath pale ochraceous ; legs
darker ochraceous, the anterior and intermediate tibiz and tarsi
piceous ; tegmina pale testaceous, an oblique spot on basal area,
a central transverse fascia narrowly margined on each side with
piceous and widened at costal area into a somewhat large triangular
patch greyish-white, the apical area greyish, suffused with pale
ochraceous and containing near its inner margin a longitudinal
series of small black spots with white centres, some of the spots
being duplex ; wings slightly fuliginous with fuscous veins ; face
strongly transversely indented between the insertions of the an-
tenne; basal margin of vertex finely callose ; abdomen above
fuscous brown with the segmental margins testaceous.
Long incl. tegm. 5 to 54 mm.
Hab.—Siam ; Malay States; Bukit Besar (Annandale and
Robinson ; Brit. Mus.).
Fam. CERCOPIDZ-.
Genus EUCLOVIA.
Euclovia, Matsum., Journ. Sapporo Agr. Coll., ii, p. 24 (1903).
Type FE. okad@, Matsum.
130 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malayana. [ VoL. -H,
Euclovia convexa, sp. nov. (Pl. vii, figs. Io, Ioa.)
Vertex brownish ochraceous ; pronotum ochraceous, a large.
transverse spot near anterior margin, and the posterior margin
brownish ; scutellum pale ochraceous; body beneath and _ legs
brownish ochraceous; head beneath pale ochraceous, anterior
margin to eyes, and the face centrally longitudinally black; an
oblique spot near outer margin of cheeks, and a transverse spot
on the acetabula black ; tegmina ochraceous, basal area (mottled
with ochraceous), a broad irregular discontinuous central fascia
which is connected with the apex by a longitudinal streak, an
apical costal streak and most of the veins piceous; vertex trans-
versely impressed before apex ; ocelli somewhat close together a
little before basal margin; clypeus long and slender, extending
between the anterior coxe,; face centrally longitudinally ridged ;
posterior tibie with two spines.
Long incl. tegm. 74 mm.
Hab.—Borneo ; Kuching (Hewitt).
Genus DINDA, gen. nov.
Vertex shorter than pronotum, sub-conically produced in
front of eyes, the lateral and apical margins acute and reflexed,
about as long as breadth between eyes, a discal conical carination
on anterior half commencing on both sides at about middle of disk
and united at apex ; ocelli a little before base and in front of eyes,
about as near to each other as to eyes; face flattened, slightly.
widened posteriorly, coarsely punctate, with an obscure central
carination which does not reach base; clypeus long and broad,
very strongly centrally longitudinally ridged ; eyes long, oblique ;
pronotum much longer than vertex, lateral margins obliquely
straight, anterior margin moderately convexly rounded, margins
from basal angles to scutellum obliquely directed inwardly, pos-
terior margin subangularly sinuate ; scutellum subtriangular, its
apex acute ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe ; legs moder-
ately short, posterior tibie with two spines; tegmina coriaceous,
passing apex of abdomen, the apex rounded.
Type D. maura, Walk.
Dinda maura, (Pl. vil, figs. 1, Ta.)
A phrophora maura, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., p. 187 (1858).
Vertex thickly punctate, the discal conical carination promi-
nent; pronotum thickly punctate and _ slightly transversely
wrinkled ; scutellum with the lateral. margins ridged; tegmina
very thickly and finely punctate, their lateral margins narrowly
obscurely castaneous ; legs pale flavescent, tarsal claws piceous ;
rostrum pale flavescent.
Hab.—Singapore (Brit. Mus.). _Borneo; Sarawak (Wallace ;
Brit. Mus., Sarawak Mus. and Coll. Dist.).
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 131
Genus LORA, gen. nov.
Vertex conically produced in front of eyes, longer than space
between eyes, strongly centrally longitudinally ridged, a trans-
verse discal line near middle of disk from the ends of which an
oblique line proceeds on each side to lateral margin, lateral and
apical margins strongly ridged and reflexed ;_ ocelli between eyes
very much nearer to each other than to eyes which are long and
oblique; face longitudinally broadly sulcate for half its length
from base, the margins of the sulcate area strongly ridged ;_ pro-
notum considerably longer than vertex, its anterior margin a
little rounded, the lateral margins outwardly oblique to posterior
angles, thence inwardly oblique to scutellum, posterior margin
angularly sinuate ; scutellum subtriangular ; legs moderately ,
short, posterior tibiae with one spine; tegmina coriaceous, much
longer than abdomen, the apices rounded.
Type L. inclyta, Walk.
Lora inclyta. (Pl. vil, figs. 3, 3a.)
Aphrophora inclyta, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., p. 187 (1858).
Pronotum and scutellum thickly finely punctate, obscurely
wrinkled and very shortly ochraceously pilose; tegmina thickly
finely punctate and sparingly transversely wrinkled ; face strongly
transversely striate on each side of the central sulcation; tarsi
piceous.
Hab.—Borneo ; Sarawak (Wallace ; Brit. Mus.). S.-E. Borneo
(Doherty ;- Coll: Dist.).
Genus DAHA.
Daha, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 107 (1907).
Type D. arietavia, Dist.
Daha kuchingensts, sp. nov.
Body above and beneath and legs black; tegmina with a
small triangular white costal spot on apical area; vertex finely
tricarinate, the central carination very obsolete before reaching base,
finely and obscurely punctate ; eyes black margined with greyish ;
pronotum and scutellum very finely transversely rugulose ; tegmina
minutely thickly punctate.
Long 64 to 7 mm.
Hab.—Borneo ; Kuching (Hewitt).
Genus EOSCARTA.
Eoscarta, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 58 (1902).
Euryaulax, Kirk., Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc., pt. ix,
p. 380 (1906).
Type E. borealis, Dist., = F. eos, Bredd.
Eoscarta subdolens.
Cercopis subdolens, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., 1, p. 165
», (1857).
132 W. L. Distant: Rhynchota Malayana. [VOL et.
Triecphora subpustulata, Walk., List. Hom. Suppl., p. 343 (1858).
Hab.—Sarawak (Wallace; Brit. Mus.). Kuching (Sarawak
Mus.).
Eoscarta borealis.
Cosmoscarta borealis, Dist., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 321.
Eoscarta borealis, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 116 (1907).
Eoscarta eos, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 58 (1902).
Hab.—Assam ; Tenasserim ; Malay Peninsula ; Perak (Doherty).
Siam; Malay States; Bukit Besar (Annand. and Robins.).
This species varies.in the colour of the tibize ;. in some specimens
they are wholly black, in others black only at apices.
Eoscarta rufa.
Triecphora rufa, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., x, p. 289 (1869).
Hab.—New Guinea (Wallace ; Brit. Mus.).
Eoscarta ferruginea.
Triecphora ferruginea, Walk., List Hom., 111, p. 672 (1851).
Cercopis ferruginea, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., 1870, p. 721.
Hab.—Philippine Islds.
Eoscarta antica.
Triecbhora antica, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., x, -p. 289
(1860).
Hab.—Mysol (Wallace; Brit. Mus.).
Genus CONSIDIA.
Considta, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., 1865, p. 152.
Tettigoscarta, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 59 (1902).
Sialoscarta, Jacobi, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl., 111, p. 23 (1905).
Type C. transversa, Walk.
Considia transversa.
Cercopis transversa, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., iv, p. 1151 (1852).
Considia oblonga, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh., 1865, p. 152.
Hab.—Java.
Considia nitidula.,
Tettigoscarta mtidula, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 59 (1902).
Hab.—Malacca. Siam; Malay States; Bukit Besar (Annand.
and Robins. ; Brit. Mus.). Siam (Brit. Mus.).
Considia cavata.
Triecphora cavata, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., p. 343 (1858).
Staloscarta concinna, Jacobi, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl., iii, p. 23 ;
taf. 1, fig. 10 (1905).
Hab.—Java.
Genus AUFIDUS.
Aufidus, Stal, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3), i, p. 594 (1863).
Aufidellus, Kirk., Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc., pt. ix
p. 381 (1906).
Aufiterna, Kirk., loc. cit., p. 382.
’
1go8. | Records of the [ndian Museum. 133
Aufidellus, Kirk., cannot be separated from Aufidus. The type
of Stal’s genus (A. trtfasctatus) is in the British Museum, as is also
a specimen of the species described by Kirkaldy as A. australensis.
The differential and only characters given by the last-named writer,
‘“ pronotum posteriorly is almost evenly rounded and the costal
margin is not arched basally,’ constitute (when the species is ex-
amined) only very moderate specific differentiation. In his des-
cription of another proposed genus, Aufiterna,' he writes“ posterior
margin emarginate, while it is truncate in Aufidus.” This is inac-
curate; in the type of Aufidus (A. trifasciatus), the posterior
pronotal margin is distinctly emarginate ; neither did Stal make
that structural character a generic distinction; he simply wrote
‘“ Thorax sexangularis.’’ Onthe other hand Aufiteyna, Kirk., is
apparently only to be separated from Aujidus by the venation of the
tegmina, ‘ 3 discoidals (subapical), 4 apicals well marked, while there
are another 5 small cells marked off on the costal cell.” It will
be seen by the figure here given, that all these characters are more
or less represented, and that the divisions of the costal cell are
inconstant even in the same species and even in the same specimen.
Aufidus spectabtlis, sp. nov. (Pl. vil, figs. 5, 5a.)
Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous ; a transverse spot
at apex of vertex, a broad fascia between eyes, and a broad basal
fascia to pronotum black; body beneath and legs ochraceous,
basal half of face black, anterior tibize longitudinally streaked
with black, tarsi more or less piceous ; abdomen above testaceous ;
tegmina with the basal third ochraceous and opaque, this area
outwardly margined by a transverse black fascia and containing a
black streak on upper claval margin with the lower basal margin
of the clavus also black, remaining area of tegmina hyaline with
apical ochraceous suffusions, veins alternately ochraceous or pice-
ous, costal area ochraceous ; wings hyaline, palely ochraceous on
basal area, the veins pale-fuscous; vertex with a fine central
longitudinal carination, and with a transverse impression near
middle; pronotum with a central longitudinal sulcation not reaching
the anterior margin, the posterior margin slightly emarginate ; face
globose, laterally compressed, centrally longitudinally sulcate on
disk, costal cell with three or four small cells marked off by trans-
verse veins.
Long excl. tegm. 64 mm. Exp. tegm. 18 to 20 mm.
Hab.—Malay Archipelago ; Halmaheira (Doherty; Brit. Mus.).
Aufidus papuanus, sp. nov.
Vertex and pronotum ochraceous; vertex with the apica
margin narrowly and the basal margin broadly black ; pronotum
| Kirkaldy says this genus is more allied to Polychetophyes, of which the typi-
cal species is referred to ‘‘ pl. xxxiii, figs. 12 and 13,” but no such illustration can
be traced.
134 W. L. Distant: Rhynchota Malayana. [VOL:- 1s
with about the basal half black; scutellum testaceous ; body
beneath and legs ochraceous, basal margin of face, a spot between
face and eyes, a longitudinal streak to anterior tibize, anterior tarsi,
tarsal claws, apex of rostrum, and lateral margins and apical area
of abdomen beneath, piceous or black ; tegmina with basal fourth
ochraceous and opaque, this area broadly outwardly transversely
margined with black, and containing a broad piceous claval streak,
central area hyaline, the veins and the whole of the apical fourth
fuscous brown, costal margin ochraceous ; vertex without a central
carination, face centrally sulcate for about half its length from
base; pronotum centrally longitudinally sulcate on disk, its
posterior margin almost straight; scutellum discally foveate ;
tegmina (in type) with six small cells in the costal cell of one tegmen
and only three distinct cells in that of the other tegmen.
Long incl. tegm. 10 mm.
Hab.--New Guinea; Humboldt Bay (Doherty; Brit. Mus.).
Aufidus erebus, sp. nov.
Vertex pale luteous, a broad transverse fascia extending from
base to anterior margins of eyes, and the apical margin black ;
pronotum pale luteous with a broad central brownish transverse
fascia ; scutellum pale luteous, the anterior margin and basal angles
black ; head beneath black, apices of face and cheeks, and the
basal margin between face and eyes ochraceous ; sternum and legs
ochraceous, anterior tibiee and all the tarsal claws piceous ; abdomen
beneath black ; tegmina hyaline, the veins robust and black, basal
fourth black, apical fourth piceous, costal margin ochraceous :
vertex smooth not carinate; face broadly longitudinally sulcate
for nearly its entire length; pronotum finely centrally discally
sulcate ; scutellum discally foveate ; tegmina with the costal cell
divided into three small cells on one tegmen, and into four on the
other.
Long incl. tegm. 9 mm.
Hab.—New Guinea ; Humboldt Bay (Doherty ; Brit. Mus.).
Genus COLSA.
Colsa, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., i, p. 96 (1856).
Type io) costestriga, Walk.
Colsa matanga, sp. nov. (PL. vii, figs. 8, 8a.)
Vertex black, the front ochraceous ; pronotum black, the an-
terior area broadly ochraceous ; scutellum ochraceous, the basal
angles black ; abdomen above black, the basal area, the lateral
margins and the anal appendage ochraceous ; head beneath, legs
and sternum ochraceous ; central area and ‘transverse striations
to face, apices of anterior tibize, apices of tarsi, sternal spots and
disk of abdomen beneath black ; lateral margins of abdomen pale
ochraceous, with the segmental incisures black; tegmina pale
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 135
hyaline, the veins fuscous brown, costal area piceous interrupted by an
oblique transverse white spot beyond middle, and at apex almost
narrowly continued across disk ; posterior margin of claws piceous,
an ochraceous spot at base; wings hyaline, the veins mostly
darker, a little infuscate on posterior and apical margins, transverse
veins in postcostal cell varying from five to six ; vertex transversely
impressed at union with front; face sulcate for its whole length,
the sulcation narrower at base; pronotum centrally longitudinally
impressed on basal area ; scutellum broadly centrally foveate.
Long incl. tegm. 12 to 13 mm.
Hab.—Borneo ; Matang.
Genus NOTOSCARTA.
Notoscarta, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 59 (1902).
Type N. croceonigra, Bredd.
Notoscarta alboater.
Aufidus alboater, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., x, p. 292 (1869).
Notoscarta ptyeloides, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 59 (1902).
Hab.—New Guinea; Mysol.
Notoscarta zebrina, sp. nov.
Vertex and pronotum black; vertex with a pale marginal
spot in front of each eye, eyes and scutellum greyish white ; body
beneath black; apex of face, clypeus, rostrum, coxe, legs and
the abdominal segmental margins, greyish white ; tegmina black;
a costal marginal spot extending to about one-third from base and
curved inward at its apex, almost apical half of the costal area
divided by three transverse piceous lines, and a spot at apex of
clavus (posteriorly divided) greyish white; face subglobose,
faintly transversely striate on each side; rostrum reaching the
intermediate coxe; pronotum thickly finely transversely striate.
Long incl. tegm. 54 mm.
Hab.—Mysol (Wallace ; Brit. Mus.).
Genus MIOSCARTA.
Mioscarta, Bredd., Allg. Zeitschr. Ent., vi, p. 123 (1901).
Type M. forcipata, Bredd.
Mioscarta bipars.
Aufidus bipars, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., x, p.290 (1869).
Aufidus partitus, Walk., loc. cit.
Hab.—Celebes.
Fam. JASSID.
Sub-fam. Bythoscopine.
Genus IDIOCERUS.
Idiocerus, Lewis, Trans., Ent. Soc. Lond., I, p. 47 (1836).
Type I. adustus, Herrich-Sch.
130 W. L. Distant: Rhynchota Malayana. (Vou.
Idiocerus nitidulus.
Tassus nitidulus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 322
(1869).
Hab.—Mysol.
Allied to I. niveosparsus, Leth.
Idiocerus laticeps.
Tassus laticeps, Walks, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 323
(1860).
Hab.—Celebes.
This species is closely allied to the preceding and principally
differs by the markings of the face, and may probably be but a
variety of I. mitidulus. In his description Walker has omitted
to mention the presence of a somewhat large triangular black spot
near each basal angle of the scutellum.
Genus ByTHOSCOPUS.
Bythoscopus, Germ., in Silberm. Rev. Ent., i, p. 180 (1833);
Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 190 (1907).
Type B. lanio, Linn.
Bythoscopus punctatus.
Idiocerus ? punctatus, Kirby, in Mon. Christ. Isld., p. 138 (1900).
Hab.—Christmas Isld.
Bythoscopus unicolor.
Bythoscopus unicolor, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,
p. 320 (1869).
Hab.—Celebes.
Genus BALocHa.
Balocha, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 189 (1907).
Type B. tricolor, Dist.
Balocha angulifer.
Tassus ? angultfer, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x
Pp. 325 (1869).
Hab.—Mysol.
>
Genus CHUNRA.
Chunra, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 193 (1907).
Type C. puncticosta, Walk.
Chunra gigantea, sp. nov. (PI. vii, figs. 11, IIa.)
Vertex, pronotum and scutellum very pale ochraceous ; vertex
with a pale central longitudinal fascia on each side of which is a
darker fascia, a fuscous spot before eyes and two central fuscous
transverse spots near base; eyes castaneous; pronotum with
four large fuscous brown spots crossing disk, the two central ones
longitudinal and posteriorly united, the lateral spots subtriangular ;
- scutellum with four large spots on basal half, the two central ones
almost fused, and the apex fuscous-brown, a piceous spot on
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 137
each lateral margin; abdomen above testaceous; head beneath
sternum and legs pale ochraceous, abdomen beneath testaceous ;
margins of face, two anterior comma-like oblique spots, an oblique
line before each eye, and a posterior broad central longitudinal
spot fuscous brown; apices of tibie and the tarsi more or less
infuscate; tegmina smoky hyaline, the veins fuscous brown,
costal area fuscous brown mottled with pale ochraceous, apical
margin and a subapical marginal! fascia fuscous brown; wings
smoky hyaline, the ,veins fuscous brown, outer margins a little
infuscate ; ocelli prominent, as near to each other as to eyes ; scutel-
lum long and broad, longer than pronotum and vertex together.
Long excl. tegm., 2,g mm. Exp.-tegm. I9 to 20 mm.
Hab.—Borneo ; Kuching (Shelford); S.-E. Province (Doherty).
Sub-fam. Tettigonielline.
Tettigonielline, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 200 (1907) (incl.
synonymy).
Tetigonide, Kirk., Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc., pt. ix,
p- 316 (1906).
The name Tettigontellide was first applied to this sub-family
by Dr. Melichar. In the reference above given will be found a full
synonymy of other terms used.
Genus TETTIGONIELLA.
Tetigonia, Geoffr., Hist. abreg. des Ins., I, p. 429 (1798-99),
nom. preocc.
Tettigoniella, Jacobi, Zool. Jahr. Syst., xix, p. 778 (1904), nom.
nov.
Tettigoniella eburnea.
Tettigonia eburnea, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 168
(1856).
Walker’s short description is quite inadequate and misleading ;
the following description is taken from the type and two other speci-
mens, all collected by Wallace at Sarawak.
Head, pronotum and scutellum stramineous ; vertex with two
small spots at apex and a larger discal spot, black ; head beneath,
sternum and legs very pale stramineous ; abdomen beneath golden
yellow ; tegmina and wings milky white.
Although Walker’s description supra is simply “ whitish, vertex
of head conical. Wings milk-white,’’ he subsequently (Journ. Linn,
Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 304, 1869) refers to it ina different way,
and implies that there are ‘‘ black marks on the head.”
Hab.—Borneo.
Tettigoniella erichsonti, sp. nov. (PI. vili, figs. 2, 2a.)
Vertex dark indigo-blue, much paler on each side near eyes
pronotum pale ochraceous, the anterior and lateral margins broadly
138 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malavana. [Versi
bluish grey ; scutellum pale ochraceous, its apex dark indigo-blue ;
abdomen above and body beneath dark indigo-blue ; apex of anal
segment, cheeks, lateral areas of prosternum, coxe and legs stra-
mineous ; apices of femora, tibize and tarsi more or less indigo-blue,
bases of posterior tarsi stramineous ; tegmina with less than basal
half very pale stramineous, sometimes with a few brownish spots
near base, remaining area fuscous brown with discal bluish suffu-
sions ; wings fuliginous brown, the veins darker; vertex broad,
rounded anteriorly, foveately impressed near each eye ; face some-
what discally depressed, transversely striate on each lateral area.
Long excl. tegm., 7, and @ ,10toIImm. Exp. tegm. 23 mm.
Hab.—Sumatra (Erichson; Brit. Mus. ; Forbes ; Coll. Dist.).
Tettigoniella ramana, sp. nov. (PI. viii, figs. 15, 15a.)
Vertex indigo-blue, much paler and brighter blue on basal area;
pronotum bronzy yellow, the anterior and lateral areas suffused
with pale blue; scutellum bronzy yellow more or less suffused
with pale blue; abdomen above shining purplish blue, faintly
tomentose; body beneath and legs testaceous suffused with
bluish, abdomen beneath more testaceous, the anal segment,
sublateral segmental spots and anal appendage, more or less bluish;
tegmina bronzy yellow, basal fourth pale violaceous containing
two dark spots, some inconstant violaceous suffusions on disk
(sometimes practically absent), beyond clavus and encroaching
on apical area, subhyaline ; wings dark fuliginous; vertex broad,
anteriorly rounded, centrally discally impressed; face broadly
longitudinally smooth and pale bluish, the lateral areas brownish
and strongly transversely striate.
Long excl, teem, 9, 12 mim.-= Exp. teem, 201027 mim.
Hab.—Sumatra (Erichson ; Brit. Mus.).
Var. Abdomen above testaceous. (Probably a rubbed or
Spirit specimen.)
Allied to T. ferruginea, Fabr.
Tettigoniella cumatilis, sp. nov. (Pl. viii, figs. 5, 5a.)
Body, legs and tegmina pale bluish with fuscous brown shadings ;
wings pale fuscous brown with blue suffusions on basal area;
vertex with two large black spots commencing near ocelli and united
on anterior margin; pronotum blackish on basal area; face cen-
trally broadly and longitudinally smooth and bluish, the lateral areas
more or less black and coarsely transversely striate, the cheeks
thickly whitely tomentose ; abdomen beneath whitely tomentose ;
legs darker, somewhat blackish; tegmina (when not rubbed)
regularly bluish except at apical margins which are somewhat
broadly fuscous brown ; vertex foveately impressed at the region
of each ocellus ; abdomen above with a central longitudinal ridge,
vertex broadly anteriorly rounded.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 139
Long excl: tegm.:, 7”, 8mm.. Exp. tegm. 17. to 18 mm.
Hab.—Malay Peninsula; S. Perak (Ridley; Brit. Mus.).
Borneo ; Sarawak (Shelford ; Brit. Mus.).
Tettigoniella tamborensis, sp. nov. (Pl. viii, figs. I, Ia.)
Vertex orange-red, the disk nearly wholly occupied by a large
black spot which, commencing at base, is angulated on each side in
front of eyes and is narrowed and bifid near anterior margin ; prono-
tum orange-red, its anterior and posterior margins irregularly
black ; scutellum wholly black; head beneath orange-red, face
and clypeus with a central longitudinal black fascia; sternum,
abdomen beneath and legs very pale ochraceous ; spots on each side
of prosternum, posterior abdominal marginal segments (interrupted
on disk), apex of anal segment, and lateral abdominal spots, black ;
tegmina reddish-ochraceous, costal, claval and inner margins
somewhat broadly black, apical area brownish, inwardly black ;
vertex moderately long, somewhat conically rounded in front,
a little depressed between ocelli; pronotum sparsely obscurely
punctate ; scutellum transversely impressed before apical area.
Long incl. tégm., 9 , £2 :mim.
Hab.—Malay Archipelago; Tambora, Sambawa (Doherty;
Brit. Mus.).
\
Tettigomella timorensis, sp. nov. (Pl. viil, figs. 3, 3a.)
Head, pronotum, body beneath and legs ochraceous ; vertex
with three black spots, two transverse on anterior margin and
one larger and irregularly shaped at base; pronotum with a small
linear transverse spot at middle of anterior margin, and the pos-
terior margin broadly black ; scutellum with a black discal spot ;
face with two black basal spots (which are a continuation of the two
on the anterior margin of vertex; tibie brownish ochraceous,
tarsal claws black; tegmina ochraceous, with three longitudinal
black fasciz, one costal which becomes subcostal before apical
area, one before inner claval margin, and the other on posterior
claval margin extending for about two-thirds its length from base;
vertex broad and rounded in front, a little foveately impressed
at inner margins of eyes; pronotum smooth and shining, discally
arcuately impressed before anterior margin; scutellum strongly
transversely impressed before apical area.
Long incl. tegm., @ , 9} to Io mm.
Hab.—Malay Archipelago; Timor Dili, Wetter near Timor
(Doherty ; -Brit. Mus.).
Tettigoniella wettercnsis, sp. nov. (Pl. vii, figs. 4, 4a.)
Head, pronotum and body beneath ochraceous ;_ legs stra-
mineous ; vertex with three black spots, two on anterior margin
and one at base; pronotum with a large transverse anteriorly
140 W. L. DISTANT: Ahynchota Malayana. [Vou iy
inwardly angulated basal spot, a small transverse spot on anterior
margin, and a slender central discal longitudinal line, black, near
anterior margin, a discal transversely angulated pale ochraceous
impression ; scutellum with a large black spot which occupies the
whole of the surface excluding the lateral and apical areas ; face
with two elongate black basal spots (which are a continuation of
the two on the anterior margin of vertex) ; tarsal claws piceous;
tegmina olivaceous brown, the costal area more ochraceous, the
costal margin and the apex, black. Allied to T. timorensis, Dist.,
but differing by the different colour and markings of the tegmina,
different maculation to the pronotum and scutellum, and the pale
unicolorous legs with the tarsal claws only darker.
Long incl. tegm., 2 , II mm.
Hab.—Malay Archipelago ; Wetter near Timor (Doherty).
Tettigomella mitrata, sp. nov. (PI. viii, figs. 6, 6a.)
Vertex pale purplish, the apical margin broadly black, the
posterior lateral margins near the eyes, ochraceous; pronotum
ochraceous, excluding anterior area thickly blackly punctate, the
basal margin black; scutellum ochraceous; body beneath and
legs ochraceous, a short central black line at base of face ; sternum
more or less whitishly tomentose, abdomen beneath with large
brownish spots ; tegmina black, costal margins and claval sutural
margins very narrowly ochraceous, apices inwardly obscurely
subhyaline ; vertex broad, rounded in front, a little apically up-
turned, thus giving the disk a foveate appearance ;_ ocelli placed far
apart, rather near the eyes; face long, centrally flattened, the
lateral areas transversely striate; scutellum very strongiy trans-
versely impressed before apical area.
Long incl. tegm. 9 mm.
Hab.—New Guinea ; Humboldt Bay (Doherty ; Brit. Mus.).
Tettigoniella annandalet, sp. nov. (Pl. viii, figs. 7, 7a.)
Very pale virescent ; vertex, anterior area of pronotum, scutel-
lum, body beneath and legs more ochraceous; vertex with a
large outwardly branching black spot, commencing near the
neighbourhood of the ocelli and then continued on each side
to apex; pronotum pale shining greyish, the anterior area pale
ochraceous, a somewhat large and angulated black spot on disk ;
scutellum with a large black spot in each basal angle; face with
two short anterior discal black stripes continued from those on
vertex, and the posterior halves of the lateral margins broadly black ;
tegmina pale virescent, the apical areas subhyaline, two transverse
black spots on clavus, one near middle the other near apex, two
transverse black spots on corium, the first extending from claval
to costal margins, the second shorter and discal, the hyaline apical
area inwardly margined with black, and a small piceous spot
near middle of claval suture; vertex broad, anteriorly rounded ;
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 141
face posteriorly longitudinally wrinkled; pronotum convex,
depressed anteriorly; scutellum depressed to, and transversely
impressed before apical area.
Long incl. tegm. 12 mm.
Hab.—Malay Peninsula; S. Perak, Talum (Annandale and
Robinson; Brit. Mus.).
Allied to the Bornean 7. scitipennis, Walk.
Tettigoniella perakensis.
Head, pronotuin, scutellum, body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
vertex spotted with black, a spot at apex, another at middle of pos-
terior disk, andtwo on posterior margin which are almost connected
with a curved line in front of each of them; pronotum with a
black spot near middle of each lateral margin; scutellum with
three black basal spots, and a subapical black one ; tegmina pale
bluish-grey sparingly sprinkled with ochraceous, costal and claval
sutural margins very narrowly ochraceous, apical area subhyaline,
a black spot crossing apex of clavus and another subcostal black
spot near apex; vertex broad and rounded in front; pronotum
thickly brownly punctate ; face broad, globose, the marginal areas
transversely striate.
Long incl. tegm. 12 mm.
Hab.—-Malay Peninsula; Perak (Doherty ; Coll. Dist.).
Tettigoniella baluensis, sp. nov.
Head, pronotum, and scutellum very pale luteous; vertex
with a large central black spot ; pronotum with a broad anterior
transverse fascia and two semicircular basal spots, black ; scutellum
with two lunulate spots on anterior margin and a discal spot pro-
longed towards apex, black; face with a triangular spot at base
and the apex black ; body beneath black ; legs pale luteous, base
and apex of anterior femora, the whole of the intermediate and
posterior femora, and apices of the tibia: and tarsi black ; margins
of the abdominal segments beneath narrowly pale luteous ; teg-
mina orange-red, their apices, excluding posterior border, black ;
head broad, rounded in front, excavate on each side before eyes ;
face broadly longitudinally flattened in the middle the lateral areas
transversely striate; pronotum sparingly obscurely punctate.
Long incl. tegm. 12 mm.
Hab.—Borneo; Kina Balu (Brit. Mus.).
——
Tettigontella horsfieldt, sp. nov. (Pi. vil, figs. 17, 174.)
Vertex ochraceous or pale testaceous, the whole disk excluding
margins occupied by a large black spot ; pronotum and scutellum
pale testaceous; abdomen above pale testaceous, its disk longi-
tudinally purplish red ; face brownish ochraceous, two small black
spots at the middle of the basal margin and a black longitudinai
142 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malayana. [VOrsrn,
central fascia extending for about half the length from base ;
margins of eyes black; abdomen beneath pale testaceous, the
lateral margins ochraceous; legs ochraceous, the anterior legs
darker; tegmina pale ochraceous, the clavus, base, two broad
transverse fasciz, the first near middle, the other near end of clavus,
pale testaceous, the outermost fascia united posteriorly with a
bright purplish fascia, the two including a grevish spot ; apical area
more or less fuscous ; wings fuliginous, the veins piceous ; vertex
long, as long as breadth between eyes, moderately globose, with a
central ill-defined longitudinal ridge, excavate on each side near
eyes; face globose, the central area flattened, the lateral areas ridged ;
pronotum with a central arcuate ridge before the anterior margin.
Long excl."tegm., 9. 9' mm. Exp. tegm:. 21 mim,
Hab.—Java (Horsfield Coll. ; Brit. Mus.).
e)
T. trita, Walk., is allied to this species.
Tettigoniella mouhoti, sp. nov.
Testaceous ; two spots on apical margin of vertex and a cen-
tral elongated spot at its base, three rounded spots to pronotum—
one before middle of anterior margin, the other two wide apart on
basal margin; four spots to scutellum—three on basal margin, one
discal and rounded before apical area, a spot at base of tegmina,
a transverse fascia to face before clypeus; large spots to sternum,
coxe, apices of femora and tibiee, the tarsi, and abdomen beneath
black ; abdominal margins beneath, the two apical segments
excluding central spots, and the anal segment ochraceous or tes-
taceous; apical area of tegmina inwardly extended to apex of
clavus obscure subhyaline ; wings black ; vertex long, obliquely
rounded anteriorly, about as long as breadth between eyes, cen-
trally basally somewhat flattened, the lateral margins moderately
broadly deflexed ; face very broadly centrally flattened, the lateral
areas transversely striate; pronotum transversely arcuately de-
pressed a little in front of middle ; scutellum transversely impressed
before apical area.
Long incl, tegim., @ , 16 mim.
Hab.—Siam (Mouhot; Brit. Mus.).
T. elongata, Walk., trom Borneo ts an allied species.
Tettigomella whiteheadi, sp. nov. (Pl. vill, figs. 9, ga.)
Head, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath and legs strami-
neous or very pale ochraceous ; vertex with two small central spots
on apical margin, a cordate spot at middle of basal margin, and
a spot on each lateral margin between eyes and apex, black ; mar-
gins of central area to face, black ; pronotum with a central longi-
tudinal black fascia which is attenuated on the anterior area ;
scutellum with a central longitudinal black fascia which does not
quite reach apex; apices of tarsi piceous ; tegmina milky-white,
most of the veins piceous, claval sutural margin black; vertex
b
1908. | Records of the [Indian Museum. 143
somewhat convex, rather obliquely rounded in front, transversely
impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum nearly twice as long as vertex,
transversely striate, with a discal angulate impression a little before
anterior margin ; scutellum lunately impressed before apical area ;
face centrally broadly flattened, the lateral areas finely transverselv
striate; tegmina practically smooth, very indistinctly finely wrinkled.
Long incl. tegm. II mm.
Hab.—-Philippines (Whitehead ; Brit. Mus.).
Allied to T. nigrilinea, Stal.
Tettigomella wallacet, sp. nov. (Pl. viii, figs. 10, Toa.)
Head, pronotum, scutellum, sternum and legs pale ochraceous ;
abdomen beneath orange-yellow ; ocelli black ; tegmina subhyaline,
the veins yellowish ; claval sutural margin black, which is piceously
continued about half-way to apex; vertex broadly transverse
rounded in front ; pronotum arcuately impressed before anterior
inargin ; face centrally discally longitudinally flattened, the lateral
areas strongly transversely striate.
Long incl. tegm. 6 mm.
Hab.—Malay Archipelago ; Mysol (Wallace ; Brit. Mus.).
Genus BHANDARA.
Bhandara, Dist., Faun, Brit. Ind, Rhynch., iv, p. 221 (1907).
Type B. semiclara, Sign.
Bhandara savawakensts, sp. nov
Vertex, pronotum, scute'lum and tegmina black; body be-
neath and legs pale ochraceous ; base, sometimes basal two-thirds
of face, and the lateral striations to same, a large spot on each side
of mesosternum, apices of tibiz, the tarsi and margins of anal seg-
ment, black or piceous; lateral margins of vertex and inner mar-
gins of eyes ochraceous (in some specimens this character is barely
discernible) ; vertex broad, transverse, rounded in front, broadly
foveately excavate at middle of basal area, also foveately impressed
on each side near inner margins of eyes ; pronotum very indistinctly
transversely wrinkled, with a short transverse discal arcuate im-
pression near anterior margin; scutellum transversely impressed
before apical area which is slightly gibbous, the extreme apex linearly
acute ; tegmina only finely wrinkied, the apical half of costal area
and the apicai margin brownish ; face centrally broadly flattened,
its lateral areas strongly transversely striate.
oueaueltegm.,. 2 , 14 1m,
Hab.—Borneo ; Sarawak (Sheliord; Brit. Mus.).
Bhandara picturata, sp. nov. (Pl. viii, figs. 18, 18a.)
Vertex black, a somewhat large flavescent spot on each lateral
margin and the inner margins of eyes of the same colour ; pronotum
i44 W. L. Distant: Rhynchota Malayana. [Vous TE
black with a large inwardly subangulate flavescent spot on each Ja-
teral area ; scutellum black; thelateral areas of mesonotum flaves-
cent ; abdomen reddish ochraceous, a transvetse basal spot and the
greater part of the disk longitudinally black, a series of black spots
on connexivum ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, a black
spot on each side of mesosternum, and a large basal triangular black
spot to face; tegmina reddish-ochraceous, a large pale spot’ on
clavus broadly black at each end, and the veins within it also black;
a discal black spot beyond middle, and a large black spot crossing
tegmen near apex and which is broadly widened on the inner
margin; wings dark fuliginous, paler on costal area; vertex with
three prominent foveations on basal area, the central foveation largest
and ovate and situate between the ocelli; face finely transversely
carinate on each lateral area.
Long excl. tegm., 9, Ir mm. Exp. teem. 25 mm.
)
Hab.—Malay Peninsula ; Perak (Doherty).
i Genus KOLLA.
Kolla, Dist., Faun. Brit, Ind. Rhynch:, tv; p:223: (1907):
Type K. insignis, Dist.
Kolla polita (Tab. fig. 14a).
Tettigonia polita, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 168
(1857). ;
Hab.—Borneo.
Genus SPHINCTOGONIA.
Sphinctogonia, Bredd., Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle, xxiv, p. 128 (1901).
Type S. guttivitta, Walk.
Sphinctogonia guttivitta.
Tettugonia guitivitta, Walk., Journ Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,
p. 301 (1860).
Sphinctogonia guincuncula, Bredd., Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle, xxiv,
p. 128 (1901).
Hab.—Celebes.
Sphinctogonia lineolata, (PI. viii, figs. 16, 16a.)
Tettigonia lineolata, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i,
p. 167 (1857).
Hahb.—Borneo.
Sub-fam. Gyponine (2).
Genus Dona, gen. nov.
Vertex longer than broad between eyes, centrally strongly
longitudinally carinate, strongly foveate at inner margins of eyes,
ocelli placed submarginally just in front of eyes; antenne long
and slender, above half the length of body ; face elongate, longer
than broad, slightly gibbous, sinuate at inner margins of eyes ;
pronotum moderately convex, anteriorly deflected, centrally,
longitudinally strongly ridged, base concavely sinuate on each side,
lateral margins very slightly rounded, posterior angles shortly
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 145
spinous, anterior margin a little excavate for the reception of the
head ; scutellum broad, subtriangular, about as long as broad at
base, transversely impressed before apical area which is centrally
longitudinally carinate; tegmina long and narrow, much longer than
abdomen, valvate beyond clavus, three long apical cells, one or more
small subapical cells beyond clavus (inconstant in number) ; legs
very robust, excluding posterior femora longly spinulose, posterior
femora strongly broadened and spinulose at their apices, tibice
moderately flattened and sulcate beneath.
Type D. laudata, Dist.
I have placed this genus provisionally in the Gyponine.
Doda laudata, sp. nov. (Pl. vil, figs. 9, 9a.)
Vertex, pronotum and scutellum black finely mottled with
ochraceous, vertex more or less anteriorly ochraceous ; pronotum
with a greyish spot on the central carination ; scutellum with a
spot on each lateral margin and the apex greyish white, body beneath
and legs black, basal area of face margined with ochraceous, and
with two small greyish spots at base; anterior femora obscurely
spotted with dull ochraceous beneath ; tegmina black, largely spot-
ted with white, the largest spots on costal and inner margins, some
minute reddish-ochraceous spots on disk ; wings pale fuliginous.
Long excl. tegm. 5 mm.; incl. tegm. 84 mm.
Hab.—Siam, Malay States; Bukit Besar (Annandale and
Robinson ; Brit. Mus.), Borneo; Kuching (Hewitt).
Sub-fam. Jassine,!
Genus HECALUS.
Hecalus, Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4), iv, p. 65 (1864).
Type H. paykullt, Stal.
Hecalus parvus.
Ledva parva, Walk., List Hom., iii, p. 828 (1851).
Selenocephalus parva, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh., 1862, p. 494.
Hab.—Hongkong.
Genus DABRESCUS.
Dabrescus, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh., 1870, p. 738.
Type D. remotus, Walk.
Dabrescus tneffectus. :
Bythoscopus ineffectus, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., p. 266 (1858).
Hab.—North China.
Dabrescus metallicus. (Pl. viii, figs. 12, 12a.)
Bythoscopus metallicus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., 1,
P22 7G. (1957).
Hab.—Borneo.
| Including the Acocephaline.
140 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malayana. [ Voie
Dabrescus letisigna.
Bythoscopus letisigna, Walk., Journ. Tinn. Soc. Lond. Zool., 1,
p. 174 (1857).
Hab.—Borneo.
Dabrescus negrilinea.
Bythoscopus nigrilinea, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., 1
p- 174 (1857),
Hab.--Borneo.
Dabrescus costalis. (Pl. viti, figs. 8, 8a.)
Vertex ochraceous, the anterior margin narrowly black, and a
transverse linear piceous spot before each eye ; pronotum brownish
ochraceous with thickly placed fine paler rugolosities ; scutellum
dull obscure pale brownish ; abdomen above _ piceous brown,
base and apex of apical segment ochraceous, anal segment black;
face pale castaneous, basal margin darker, followed by a transverse
ochraceous line extended between the upper margins of eyes, the
inner margins of eyes also ochraceous; cheeks piceous, their
margins ochraceous ; sternum piceous, its lateral margin broadly
sulphur-yellow ; abdomen beneath and legs ochraceous ; tegmina
pale brownish ochraceous, venation a little darker, costal margin
ochraceous beneath which the costa! area is piceous brown, a large
greyish white costal spot before apex, apical margin fuscous brown :
wings pale fuliginous with the veins darker.
Long excl. tegm.; 2 ;-6 mm. - Exp:-tegm. 16 mm.
Hab.—Borneo ; Kuching (Hewitt).
Genus TARTESUS.
Tartessus, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., 1865, p. 156.
Type T. ferrugineus, Walk.
Tartessus antecedens.
Bythoscopus antecedens, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,
p- 316 (1860).
Bythoscopus bimarginatus, Walk., loc. cit., p. 318.
Hab.—Morty ; New Guinea ; Ceram.
This may prove to be but a synonym of T. fieberi, Stal, from
Mysol.
Tartessus polygrammus. (PI. viii, figs. 11, IIa.)
Bythoscopus polygrammus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool.,
x, p, 317 (1869).
Hab.—N. Guinea ; Morty.
Tartessus bistriga.
Bythoscopus bistriga, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. I,ond. Zool., x.
Pp. 317 (1869).
Lariessus concolor.
Bythoscopus concolor, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x
Pp. 317 (1869).
Hab.—Mysol.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 147
Tartessus basivitta.
Bythoscopus basivitta, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x
p. 318 (1860).
Bythoscopus luteatus, Walk., loc. cit., p. 319.
Hab.—Waigiou ; Mysol ; Sula.
Tartessus dimidiatus.
Bythoscopus dimidiatus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x
p. 319 (1869).
Hab.—Dorey.
Tartessus colligatus.
Bythoscopus colligatus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., x
p. 319 (1869).
Hab.—New Guinea.
Tartessus flavibasis.
Bythoscopus flavibasis, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x
p. 320 (1869).
Hab.—Aru.
Tartessus diaphanus.
Bythoscopus diaphanus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,
p- 321 (1860).
Hab.—New Guinea.
Tartessus cupretpenms.
Bythoscopus cupreipennis, Walk., Journ. Linn. Son Lond. Zool.,
% py 321. (1860):
Hab.—New Guinea.
Tartessus scabrifrons.
Bythoscopus scabrifrons, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool.,
x, 321 (1860).
Hab.—New Guinea.
Tartessus badius.
Bythoscopus badius, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x
p. 321 (18690).
Hab.—New Guinea.
Tartessus semivenosus.
Bythoscopus semivenosus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool.,
X, p. 322 (1869).
Hab.—Celebes.
Genus BORDURIA, gen. nov.
General shape and form of Tartessus but differing by the face
which is sub-elongately rounded, foveately depressed, and with its
margins ridged ; tegmina veined as in Tartessus.
Type B. impressa, Walk.
Borduria invpressa. (PI. viii, figs. 13, 13a.)
ae aed impressus, W alk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool.,
, p. 322 (1869).
Hab B atchian.
148 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malayana. [ VOL. i;
Genus NORSIANA, nom. nov.
Norsia, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 326 (1869),
nom. proce.
Type N. flavidorsum, Walk.
‘“ Body slender. Head as broad as the thorax ; vertex arched,
nearly twice as broad as long ; front flat, nearly horizontal, beneath
the vertex. Seta of the antenne rather shorter than the body.
Scutum much arched’ (Walker). Vertex with a distinct central
impressed line, ocelli on anterior margin close to eyes; face
narrowing to clypeus ; pronotum with the lateral margins a little
angulated, anteriorly convexly arched between the eyes, posteriorly
truncate ; scutellum flattened, transverse, a little deflected to the
transverse impression before apical area; legs slender, posterior
tibiz longly spinose; tegmina with four apical and two narrow
anteapical cells.
Norsiana flavidorsum (pl. vii, figs. 12, 12a).
Norsia flavidorsum, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,
p. 326 (1869) ; dilecta, Walk., MS.
Hab.—Mysol (Wallace ; Brit. Mus.) ;
)
N. Guinea.
A specimen labelled di/ecta, Walk., from New Guinea is in the
British Museum, but I have been unable to trace its description.
The species described by Walker as Norsia fulvescens is not a
Jassid at all.
Genus JASSUS.
Jassus, Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., p. 85 (1803).
Celidia, Germ., Mag. Ent., iv, p. 75 (1821).
Type J. nervosus, Fabr.
Jassus glabra.
Tettigonia glabra, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 168
(1857).
Hab.—-Borneo.
Jassus inclinans.
Tettigoma inclinans, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i,
p. 169 (1857).
Celidia cupraria, Walk., loc. cit., p. 173.
Celidia marginifrons, Walk., loc. cit., x, p. 310 (1869).
Hab.—Borneo ;_ Mysol.
Jassus albisigna.
Celidia allisigna, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Iond. Zool., i, p. 173
(1857).
Hab.—Borneo.
Jassus pardalts.
Celidia pardalis, Walk., Journ. Iinn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 173
(1857).
Hab.—Borneo.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 149
Jassus dirigens,
Cehdia dirigens, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 172
(1857).
Tettigoma multipars, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., p. 220 (1858).
Hab.—Borneo ; Hongkong.
Jassus guttivena.
Celidia guttivena, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p.. 99
(1856).
Hab.—Malacca.
Jassus punctivena.
Celidia punctivena, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., 1,
Pp. 99 (1856).
Hab.—Malacca.
Jassus diversus.
Celudia diversa, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 309
(1869).
Hab.—Mysol; New Guinea; Waigiou.
Jassus piceus.
Celidia picea, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 309
(1860). :
Hab.—Mysol.
Jassus subnotatus. .
Celidia subnotata, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 309
(1869).
Hab.—Mysol.
Jassus verticalts.
Celidia verticalis, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 310
(1869).
Hab.—New Guinea.
Jassus cantfascia.
Celidia cantfascia, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,
Dees (1860);
Hab.—Morty.
Jassus inscriptus.
Celidia inscripta, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,
P23rr (1860),
Hab.—Aru ; New Guinea.
Jassus lutetfascia.
Celidia luteifascia, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,
p. 311 (1869).
Celidia unifasciata, Walk., loc. cit., p. 313.
Hab.—Mysol.
Jassus rufivena.
Celidia rufivena, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 312
(1860).
Hab.—-Gilola, Sula.
<
150 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malayana. [Vou. Ib,
Jassus albipes.
Celidia albipes, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 312
(1860).
Hab.—New Guinea.
Jassus subapicalts.
Celidia subapicalis, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,
p. 312 (18609).
Hab.---Mysol.
Jassus rosetfascia.
Celidia roseifascia, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x
p. 315 (1869).
Celidia selecta, Walk., loc. cit.
Celidia guttulosus, Walk., MS.
Hab.—Mysol; Sula.
Jassus maculiceps.
Celidia maculiceps, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x
p. 315 (18609).
Hab.—Batchian.
Jassus testaceus.
Celidia testacea, Walk., Journ. Tinn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 315
(1869).
Hab.—Mysol.
Jassus guitatus.
Celidia guttata, Walk., Journ. Tinn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p.
ue) (1869).
Celidia sexguttata, Walk., loc. cit., p. 314.
Var. Celidia terminalis, Walk., lec. cit., p. 314.
Hab.—Mysol; New Guinea.
dhe Var. aie Walk., has the tegmina Pere white spots,
but their apices whitish as in the typical forms.
Jassus brevis.
Tetttgonia brevis, Walk., List Hom., ii, p. 774 (1851).
Celidia brevis, Stal, Oty, Vet.-Ak. Férh., 1862, p. 494.
Hab. —Hongkong.
Jassus dubia.
Tettigonia? dubia, Walk., List Hom., iti, p. 781 (1851)
Calidia dubia, Stal, Ofv. Vet-Ak. Forh, 1862, p. 494.
Hab. —Philippines.
Jassus leucomelana.
Celidia leucomelana, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x
p> 313. (2860).
Hab.—Mysol.
y
Species in a more or less mutilated condition.
Jassus ? dorsimacula.
Celidia dorsimacula, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x
p- 314 (1860).
Hab.—New Guinea.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 151
Jassus ? aurulenta.
Celidia aurulenta, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x,
p. 316 (1860).
Hab.—Morty.
Genus SCAPHOIDEUS.
Scaphoideus, Uhler, Trans. Maryl. Ac. Sci., 1888, p. 33.
Type S. immistus, Say.
Scaphoideus literatus, sp. nov. (PI. vii, fig. 4.)]
Vertex greyish white, crossed in front of eyes with a transverse
undulated black fascia, posterior margin of this fascia and inner
margin of eyes purplish red, a rounded black spot at apex; pronotum
dull greyish, the anterior margin and two transverse discal spots
ochraceous ; scutellum ochraceously spotted on basal half, the
apical half greyish white ; face flavescent, with numerous transverse
black lines, the basal margin narrowly white; body beneath and
legs pale ochraceous, posterior tibia spotted with black; tegmina
pale flavescent, the veins piceous, two white spots on claval suture,
two white spots at base of clavus, two discal white spots, and a
spot of the same colour near apex of costal margin, apex greyish
margined with piceous; vertex strongly angulate anteriorly,
longer than breadth between eyes.
Long incl. tegm. 44 mm.
Hab.—Borneo; Kuching (Hewitt).
Sane a ca ce ce
Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. II.
Horace Knight, del.
OP CoN
Plate VII.
DINDA MAURA.
ELASMOGNATHUS HEWETTI.
LORA INCLYTA.
SCAPHOIDEUS LITERATUS.
AUFIDUS SPECTABILIS.
DINOMACHUS FUSUS.
= te 7
Z PP!
> Bit Re
West, Newman proc.
HILDA MALAYENSIS.
COLSA MATANGA.
DODA LAUDATA.
EUCLOVIA CONVEXA.
CHUNRA GIGANTEA.
NORSIA FLAVIDORSUM.
—_"
.
.
—_
7
Plate VIII.
Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. II.
a a cape
ea
Newman proc.
West,
Horace Knight, del.
IMPRESSA.
KOLLA POLITA.
7. TETTIGONIELLA ANNANDALEI. BORDURIA
8. DABRESCUS COSTALIS.
9
ERICHSONI
TIMORENSIS.
TETTIGONIELLA TAMBORENSIS.
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XVIL—CIMEX ROTUNDATUS, SIGNORET.
By Captain W.S. Patton, 1.M.S., Membre Correspondant,
Société de Pathologie Exotique (anor King Institute
of Preventive Medicine, Madras.
A reference to the extensive literature on the bed-bug would
lead one to suppose there was nothing new to be learnt about
this= imsecty but «Mr- A. Arséne Girault,’* who is at present
compiling a complete bibliography of the bed- bug, some five hun-
dred odd papers, states that the majority of the accounts are
of little value and are merely re-c mpilations; it is, however, sur-
prising to find that erroneous statements regarding the habits of
_ this pest still exist in modern text-books on parasitology. ‘These
errors are obviously due to the fact that the writers have compiled
their information from old and faulty sources and have not
themselves verified the statements of the earlier entomologists.
I’ recently pointed out that in addition to the misleading and
loose statements regarding the habits of this insect, very little was
known of the species associated with man. Medical men and
others who have conducted experiments with the bed-bug often
speak of it by a general name, dug in English, Wanze in German,
and punaise in French; the conclusions drawn from such experi-
ments must therefore lead to confusion, and very little value can
be attached to them. The reason for this inaccuracy is not far to
seek: Cimex lectularius, Linnezeus, is the only well-known species ;
Cimex ciliatus, Eversmann, Cimex rotundatus, Signoret, and Cimex
macrocephalus, Fieber, are so imperfectly known that the majority
of investigators take it for granted that Cimex lectularius is the
only bed- bug, the others being very doubtful species ; for this reason
the scientific name is often omitted.
Two years ago, when conducting my experiments on the bed-
bug of Madras, I considered it was Cimex lectularvus, Linneeus, as
the only available literature “ on the subject described this bug as
occurring throughout British India and Ceylon; while Comex macro-
cephalus, Fieber, was only known from Bhamo(Burma). As the des-
cription of lectularius did not, however, tally with that of the Madras
bug, I obtained some living specimens of /ectularius, Linneeus, from
i A. Arséne Girault, Psyche, June-August 1905, December 19c5, April-June
1906; Journal of the American Medical Association, July 14, 1908; ‘‘A Biblio-
graphy of the Bed-bug, Czmex lectulavius, Linneus,’’ Zoologische Annalen, 1908.
2 Patton, Indian Medical Gazette, February 1907.
3 Distant, Fauna of British India—Rhynchota, vol. i.
154 W.S. PATTON: Cimex rotundatus, Signoret. [V Ons
London, and at once found the local bug was not the same. About
that time I sent some specimens to Mr. Distant, who kindly informed
me they were macrocephalus, Fieber. In order, therefore, to find
out whether Jectularius did really occur in India, I obtained, through
the civil and medical authorities, a very large collection of bugs
from all parts of India, Burma, Assam, and the Malay Archipelago.
As a result of the examination of these specimens it was found
the Indian bed-bug was macrocephalus, and that lectularius, as far
as I was able to ascertain, is limited to the North-West Frontier
Province and the Kurram Valley. In the recent Enzlish edition
of Braun’s work, macrocephalus is not mentioned, but ro/undatus,
the bed-bug of the Island of Réunion, is described as a variety of
lectularvius. On reading Signoret’s ! description of votundatus, I was
struck with some important differences between it and Jectularius :
in fact Signoret gave an exact description of macrocephalus. Dr.
Barbeau, Director of the Medical and Health Departments of the
Island of Mauritius, to whom I applied for bed-bugs, kindly sent
me a valuable collection from the Island, and through his French
colleagues obtained many hundreds from Réunion. I was thus
able to settle with certainty that the bed-bug of Mauritius and
Réunion is identical with macrocephalus of Fieber; and as Signoret ©
described it before Fieber, I have adopted the name Cimex rotunda-
tus for the Indian bed-bug. Continuing my investigations of the
two species Jectulavius and votundatus, I have found that the
former is distributed chiefly throughout the temperate zones while
the latter is a tropical or subtropical species. I have recently had
votundatus sent to me from the West Indies where, as in the case
of Mauritius, it was most probably introduced by Indian coolies ;
it also occurs in the Congo (specimens kindly sent me by jBae- C.
Wellmann) and Sierra Leone.
As is well known, the family Cimictde@, which contains four
genera—Csmex, Eciacus, Cocadumus, and Hematosiphon—belongs to
the Heteroptera, a sub-order of the Rhynchota, and comes between the
two families Phymatide and Ceratocombide. The genus Cimex con-
tains four species—-Cimex lectularius, Linneeus; Cimex votundatus,
Signoret ; Cimex columbarius, Jenyns; and Cimex pipistrelli, Jenyns.
All the species have the following characters : They are flat, reddish-
brown insects, with a short, broad head containing two large eyes
but no ocelli. The thorax, or more correctly the prothorax, is
semilunar in shape, with its anterior angles extended ; the elytra or
wing pads are rudimentary, and lie over the metathorax. The
abdomen consists of seven segments and an eighth or anal appendage;
the legs are slender, the anterior tibiae more than three times as
long as the tarsi, which are three-jointed. ‘The proboscis is fiexed
in a groove beneath the head and prothorax.
Cimex rotundatus, Signoret (plate xiii, figs. 1 and 2), is of a dark
mahogany colour, and differs from the type species lectulartus,
| Signoret, V., ‘‘ Notice sur quelq. Hémipt. nouv.,” Annales Soc. Entomol.
France, 1852, x, p- 539.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 155
Tinneeus (figs. 3 and 4), in the following respects: zts head is not as
long or as broad as that of lectulatius ; tts prothorax, which ts also nar-
rower and shorter, 1s rounded to the margin, and quite unlike that of the
type species, whose prothovax is raised in the centre but flattened
abruptly at a line a little beyond the level of the eyes. The abdomen of
Cimex rotundatus zs less orbiculay and byvoadest at the second
segment, whereas that of lectularius 7s broadest at the third segment.
These are the chief points by which the two bugs can be distin-
guished, and a reference to the drawings accompanying this paper
will at once help anyone to identify them. Mr. Maxwell-Lefroy,!
in a recent paper, doubts the validity of the two species lectularius
and votundatus, and states their distribution is imperfectly known.
I can only refer him to the typical specimens I have sent him and
to my paper on the distribution of the two species. I have not yet
seen Cimex ciliatus, Eversmann, which is said to occur in Russia
(Kasan); Eversmann’s* description suggests Cimex columbarius,
jenyns.
Cimex rotundatus, Signoret, is chiefly associated with man; but
I have had a number of specimens taken in Madras from the yellow
bat Scotophilus kuhl:, which also harboured Cimex prpistrelli, Jenyns ;
the latter species, as far as I am aware, has not been recorded from
India before. The Indian bed-bug, I find, willfeed on any animal in
the absence of man, and I once placed some on the small Pipis-
trelle, P. abramus, which always roosted in one particular part of a
punkah in my study. The bugs, after gorging, left the bat and
secreted themselves in the punkah, returning to the bat when it
came back early in the morning. The host relations of this bug
are therefore of some importance. Czimex rotundatus breeds through-
out the year in India and abounds in all native houses and other
places frequented by natives, such as Government offices, tram-
cars, railway stations and carriages. The bugs are carried about
in clothes, bedding, books and furniture. The habits and _ life-
history are at present being investigated, as well as the best
method of destroying the bugs; and the results, I hope, will be
communicated later.
I shall always be glad to get specimens of bed-bugs from India
and other parts of the world; the distribution of J/ectularius in
North India requires to be worked out more carefully as well as
that of rotundatus in Africa where Kala Azar.exists. Bugs are
best sent alive in a little tin box, the lid of which has been per-
forated ; dead bugs must be put into spirit.
| Maxwell-Lefroy, A preliminary account of the biting flies of India, 1907.
Eversmann, E., ‘‘ Quedam insectorum species nove,” Bullétin Soc. Impér.
Nat., Moscow, 1841, Xiv.
HXPLANATION OF PEATE XIII.
Fic. 1.—Cimex rotundatus, Sign., 7 , from Madras, x 8.
2.—Cimex rotundalus, Sign, ° , from Burma, X 8.
3.—Cimex lectularius, Tinn., #», from Kurram, North
India, x 8.
4.—Cimex lectularius, Linn., @ , from London, x 8.
5.—Ventral surface of Cimex rotundatus, showing the flexed
position of the proboscis, X I3.
Figures I to 4 are drawn from accurate measurements of
fresh specimens.
Ree. Ind. Mus.Vol.1I, 1908. Plane
ED mene feNN FTN
Fig. 3. Upto pare
Edith M. Patton del. A.C.Chowdharyv. Lith.
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XVII.—NOTES ON FRESHWATER SPONGES.
By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum.
IX.—PRELIMINARY NOTICE OF A COLLECTION FROM BuRMA,
WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF Tubella.
The collection, of which this paper forms a preliminary account,
was made by myself and a native collector in Rangoon and in the
Amherst district of Tenasserim during the latter half of February
and the first half of March of the present year. The following
species were found :—
Spongilla proliferens, mihi, in ponds at Rangoon and in a lake
at Kawkareik, Amherst district.
cartert, Bwk., in ponds at Rangoon and (gemmules)
. on the surface of the lake at Kawkareik.
Ephydatia indica, mihi, in the Moulmein waterworks and in a
jungle pool near Kawkareik.
Trochospongilla latouchtana, mihi, in the lake at Kawkareik.
phillottiana, mihi, in a jungle pool near Kaw-
kareik.
Tubella vesparioides, sp. nov., in the Kanghyi( ‘‘ great pond”’ )
at Mudon, near Moulmein, Amherst district.
JB)
Sfp)
66
The only other form known from Burma is Kirkpatrick’s
Spongslla loricata var. burmanica, which was described in the last
number of these Records (vol. ii, p.97). Thus, five out of the seven
species now known from the province are also common in Lower
Bengal, while only two, both widely distributed forms, have been
found in Western India.
The new species of Tubella, of which a diagnosis follows, is
closely related to T. vesparium (Martens) from Borneo, differing
from this species in its smooth, amphioxous skeleton spicule and
in the deeply indented rotule of its gemmule spicule.
Tubella vesparioides, sp. nov.
Closely related to T. vesparium (Marts.).
Sponge massive, without branches, hard but brittle, almost black in
colour (dry); the surface covered with a network of stout spic-
ule fibres, the interstices of which are more or less deeply
sunk, with sharp fibres projecting vertically upwards at the
nodes; the whole mass pervaded by a similar network, which
is composed of a considerable number of spicules lying parallel
to one another, overlapping at the ends and bound together
by a profuse secretion of spongin. Skeleton spicules rather
158 N. ANNANDALE: Notes on Freshwater Sponges. [VOL. II, 1908.]
stout, smooth, amphioxous, bent in a wide arc or, not infre-
quently, at an angle. No true flesh spicules. Gemmule
spicules terminating above in a rounded, knoblike structure
and below in a relatively broad, flat rotule, which is very
deeply and irregularly indented round the edge when ma-
ture, the spicule having the form of a sharp pin with a round
head at an earlier stage of development; shaft of adult
spicules projecting slightly below the rotule, long, slender,
generally armed with a few stout conical spines, which stand
out at right angles to it. Gemmules numerous throughout the
sponge, spherical, provided with a short, straight foraminal
tubule, surrounded by one rowof spicules, which are embedded
in a rather thin granular coat.
Average length of skeleton spicule -. -O°316° mnt,
,, breadth of skeleton spicule a OTOI35 8.
,, length of gemmule spicule ss O7040- 5,
., diameter of rotule 3 ==) 40 0162
>)
es diameter of gemmule .. Pca 0 AAOT. vee
XVIII.—ON: THE F-RUII BATS OF -THE
GENUS PiecROPUS TLNHABLITING THE
AeND A NL ANS AN DN ECO BAR AR CET? B-
RAGOS; WITH THE - DESCRIPTION -OF
A ONE WS: PE ChE;
By Gro. E. MASON.
Having recently had occasion to examine the species of Ptevo-
pus recorded from the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelagos, with
the object of ascertaining what may be regarded as established
facts respecting the differentiation and distribution of the recog-
nised forms, and finding, as the result of my studies, that many of
the doubtful references in relation to the synonymy of the several
species are not only thereby corrected, but have likewise furnished
much additional data in respect to their range of distribution,
I have, upon careful consideration, deemed it expedient to place
on record the conclusions at which I arrived, the liberal material
at my command having offered exceptional opportunities for the
carrying out of this object. One species hitherto confounded with
the large Malayan Kalong I have been obliged to describe as new.
Five well-defined and characteristic species of Ptevopus are
now known to occur in the Nicobar and Andaman Archipelagos,
three of them, we may conclude, being peculiar to the islands,
and the remaining two only occurring as stragglers; one of these
latter species, viz., Pteropus celeno ( = edulis), however, should
possibly be regarded as a regular migrant during the monsoons.
=
Pteropus melanotus, Blyth.
1846. Pteropus edulis, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xv, p. 367.
1861. Pteropus nicobaricus, Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. Math. Natur-
wissensch. Cl. Kats. Akad. Wissensch., Wien, xiii (1860),
p. 389, 1861 (nomen nudum).
1863. Pteropus melanotus, Blyth, Cat. Mammal. Mus. Asvat. Soc.
Bengal, p. 20 (nomen nudum).
1869. Pteropus nicobaricus, Zelebor, Reise der Oesterreichischen
Fregatte Novara, Zool., i (Wirbelthiere), 1, Mamm., p. ITI.
From a brief passage occurring in one of a series of letters '
written by the Rev. John Gottfried Haensel, a missionary of the
1 Letters on the Nicobar Islands, their Natural Productions, and the Manners,
Customs, and Superstitions of the Natives, etc., etc. Addressed by the Rev. John
Gottfried Haensel (the only surviving missionary), to the Rev. C. J. Latrobe,
18 12.
160 GEO. E. MASON: Fruit-eating Bats. (VoL. II,
Church of the United Brethren, descriptive of the ethnology
and natural productions of the Nicobar Islands, observed
during a residence of eight years in the group (1779-1787), and
also from the widely scattered .references to be met with in
the journals of later observers, we have long known that the rank
and luxuriant forests which clothe a greater part of the numerous
islands comprising this archipelago, have afforded subsistence to
at least one representative of the family of large frugivorous
bats belonging to the genus Ptervopus. Fitzinger, however, in 1861
(Sitzungsb. Wien Akad., p. 389) was the first writer to recognise this
bat as a distinct species by name, specimens having reached Vienna,
together with other material collected in Car-Nicobar by the
naturalists attached to the Austrian exploratory expedition of
the frigate ‘‘ Novara’ in 1858. Although Fitzinger assigned the
name of Pteropus mnicobaricus to this bat, no details of the specific
characters which constituted the species were given until Zelebor '
published his exhaustive, though scarcely diagnostic, description in
1869.
It should, however, be remembered that prior to the publication
of Fitzinger and Zelebor’s name and description, specimens of the
samie Nicobarian bat had been deposited in the Museum of the
Asiatic Society of Bengal so long ago as 1846 by Captain H. Lewis,
the examples being contained in a collection made during a cruise
of the schooner ‘‘ I, Espiégle”’ in the previous year, amongst the
islands of the Nicobar Archipelago; and this collection, supple-
mented by additional material bequeathed to the Museum of the
Society by the Rev. J. Barbe, formed together the subject of a
paper by Blyth in the Journal of the Astatic Society of Bengal (vol.
xv, 1846, p. 367), descriptive of the vertebrated fauna of the Nico-
bar Islands; and we may here conveniently give the following
transcription taken from his original description of the bats con-
tained in the collection :—
“* Pleropus edulis, Pt. javanicus, Horsf., etc., etc.—Three
specimens are alike remarkable for having the throat and front of
the neck black, the head blackish, the nape dull reddish-brown,
the back shining black, flanks and vent dull black, and the rest
of the under-parts dull reddish-brown, much paler in the centre.”
The detailed form of this notice would lead us to infer that
Blyth was constrained to include these specimens under this title,
although the differentiation of the examples in form and colour
must have strongly impressed him at the time he compiled his
article. When seventeen years later he published the Catalogue of
Mammalia in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1863),
these original specimens of Captain Iewis’s received specific dis-
tinction under the name of Pteropus melanotus. Immediately
following the publication of the Catalogue, Dr. Frederick J. Mouat’s
book of Adventures and Researches among the Andaman Islands was
issued, with a zoological appendix contributed by Blyth; and in an
| Reise dey Oester. Freg. Novara, Saugethiere, p. 11.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 161
introductory note we learn that a “‘ species’’ (of Pteropus) “‘is com-
mon in the Nicobars which is styled Pteropus nicobaricus by the
naturalists of the ‘Novara’ expedition, and Pt. melanotus in the
Catalogue of the Mammala in the Museum of the Asiatic Society.”
Proceeding, Mr. Blyth, in a succeeding passage, admits that he is
unacquainted with the literature describing the discoveries of the
Austrian expedition.
Through the courtesy of Dr. Annandale, the Superintendent
of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, I have been enabled to examine
one of Captain Lewis’s specimens, which is also one of the originals
of Blyth’s first and early description of 1846, and likewise the type
specimen of his Pteropus’ melanotus of 1863. The example agrees
perfectly in all its essential characters with the Pteropus nico-
baricus described by Zelebor in 1869. Under these circumstances
it is evident, therefore, Zelebor’s name can no longer be employed
for this species, except as a synonym, having been for many years,
as I have shown, superseded by the published description of Blyth
in 1846. The species must, in consequence, now stand as Pteropus
melanotus, Blyth. This revision is, I believe, in accord with the
views of Dr. Gerrit Miller, Jr., who first directed attention to the
ambiguousness of the earlier identifications.
The bat described by Peters as Pteropus condorensis' has
been referred by Dobson to this species (Monograph of the Astatic
Chiroptera, 1876, p. 18). Although related to Pt. melanotus in
some characters, it is quite a distinct and characteristic form,
confined to the distant island of Pulo Condor in the China Sea,
lying off the Annamese coast, about lat. 8° 40’ N., long. 106° 42’
E. Some of the small islands adjoining the Acheen coast of
Sumatra (Pulo Way, Pulo Brasse, etc.) have, I think, been con-
founded by Dobson with this far-off island, his references in the
habitat given for Pteropus micobaricus in the Monograph of the
Asiatic Chiroptera leading one to this inference. That these islands
are inhabited by a species of Pteropus we possess ample evidence.
It also occurs on the mainland, and what I take to be the same
species has been recorded as far south as Nias Island. I cannot,
however, agree as to the specific identity of these bats with Pter-
opus melanotus (= nicobaricus), which, I think it will be found,
is peculiar to the Nicobar group, while the Sumatran bat is a not
yet differentiated species. To decide this point, however, it will be
necessary to acquire a far larger and more representative collection
of specimens than is at present available for study.
Both male and female specimens of Pteropus melanotus closely
resemble one another in the coloration of the fur, exhibiting but
little variation from that which was so accurately recorded by
Blyth,’ and described later, in much more detail, by Dr. G. Miller,
Jr.,° differing greatly in this respect from the following species,
1 M. B. Akad., Berlin, 1869, p. 393.
2 Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xv, p. 367.
3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, p. 784.
162 GEO. E. MASON: Fruit-eating Bats. [VoL. II,
about to be described, of which the two sexes might readily be
mistaken at first sight for distinct species.
TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS OF Ptevopus melanotus.
| Oe
Forearm
Thumb.
Ear from meatus.
Ear frem crown.
Tibia.
Foot.
Calcar.
Fifth digit.
Width of ear,
Head and body.
Second digit.
Third digit.
Fourth digit.
Mm.|Mm. Mim. Mm. Mm,|Mm. Mm.|Mm.|Mm.|Mm./Mm./Mm.iMm.
Blyth’s type| 266] 65 | 46 | 13 | 148) 65 | 110) 278] 215] 189] 28 | 23 | 15
(female). | |
Male, Galatea| 273) 77 | 52 | 14 163] 72 | 116) 280) 225] 190) 30 | 25 | 18
River, Gt. Nico- | | |
bar. | | |
Female, Galatea | 283) 78 | 45 | 16 | 170 75 | 120) 293) 223) 202) 30 | 23 | 21
River, Gt. Nico-
bar. | |
Pteropus tytleri, sp. nov.
Pteropus tytlert, Blyth, in litt.
1873. Pteropus nicobaricus, Dobson. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
xlii, pt. 2, p. 198 (partim).
1876, Pteropus nicobaricus, Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt., p. 17
(partim).
1878. Pteropus nicobaricus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M., p. 54
(partim).
1891. Pteropus nicobaricus, Blanford, Fauna brit. Ind. Mamm., p.
260 (partim).
Again, quoting from the appendix to Dr. Mouat’s Adventures
and Researches among the Andaman Islands (1863), p. 353, attention
is directed by Blyth to the entire absence of any representative of
the genus Pteropus in the Andaman group, although the species,
Pteropus melanotus, as we have seen, is frequent on most of the
islands comprised in the adjacent Nicobar Archipelago.
In the year 1864, however, Lieut-Colonel R. C. Tytler, the
Officiating Governor at the Port Blair Penal Settlement, who con-
tributed largely to our knowledge of the fauna of the Archipelago
during his term of residence, transmitted to the Museum of the
Asiatic Society the first authentic specimens of an Andamanese
Pteropus procured in the neighbourhood of the Settlement; and
Blyth, who examined the specimens, found he was unable to refer
them to any existing species of the genus, and accordingly adopted
the MS. and unpublished name of Pteropus tytlert, for the species.
The original labels, in Blyth’s handwriting, are still attached to
the specimens.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 163
The present form is a most distinct and good species, bearing
some resemblance to Pteropus celeéno in colour only ; and it is owing
to this fact, I believe, its supposed identity with that well-known and
widely distributed form has been generally accepted, and the specific
distinction of the species so long ignored. As a matter of fact
Pteropus celeno is only a straggler in the Nicobars, and appears to
be absent altogether from the whole of the Andaman Islands, all re-
cords which have come to us being really founded upon examples
of the species now under discussion. From these circumstances it
will not perhaps appear so much a matter of speculation that such
a characteristic and well-defined type should have escaped earlier
notice.
Dobson, in his paper ‘‘On the Pteropide of India and its
Islands” (Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xlii (1873), p. 198), very cor-
rectly expressed much doubt as to whether he was not at fault in
associating under the one name both the Nicobar and Andamanese
bat; he even went so far as to submit examples to Professor Peters.
The vague statement furnished by that authority ‘‘ that they agree
in the form of the ear and feet’’ with Zelebor’s type in the Vienna
Museum led him, we are told, to accept unreservedly this view also,
and to unite the two forms. Had he had before him a representa-
tive series of specimens he could scarcely have failed to realize the
error of a conclusion based as it was upon such slight and unstable
characters.
This species is generally distributed among the islands of the
Andaman group; the stretch of ocean known as Ten-Degree Chan-
nel, separating Little Andaman from Car-Nicobar, forms its southern
barrier. Dr. Anderson was in error when he extended its range to
the Nicobars. Through the kindness of Dr. Annandale I have been
enabled to examine the original skin, No. 92 f. of the Catalogue,
which Anderson records as black, with the nape faintly chestnut, and
as coming from the South Nicobars; it fortunately still retains
Blyth’s label, and this shows Dr. Anderson wrongly transcribed the
locality he attributed to it. The specimen is one which was con-
tained in the original collection formed by Lieut.-Colonel Tytler, and
is, like the rest of the examples in the series, from the Andamans,
as the label testifies. Pteropus tytlert occurs on Barren Island,
where it shows a tendency to deteriorate in size and further
deviates from specimens collected in the type locality by having a
light and conspicuous oval-shaped area of greyish hairs occupying
the chest and stomach. ‘This is the first recorded instance, I be-
lieve, of any species of Pteropus having been taken on Barren
Island; the specimens were collected by Mr. B. B. Osmaston.
Description of the type, an adult male (skin), collected on Rutland
Island, South Andamans, March 5th, 1907, by Mr. B. B.
Osmaston.
Ears of medium length, naked, projecting much beyond the
short fur; their anterior and posterior edges nearly equally con-
cave, finishing with a bluntly-pointed tip. The whole of the head,
164 Geo. E. MASON: Fruit-eating Bats. Vou,
throat and under parts deep black ; posterior back black, the fur
closely adpressed, 40 mm. broad at the narrowest parts; muzzle
black, sparingly covered with hair ; mantle conspicuous and well de-
fined, adark canary, changing to orange at the margins and weakly
developed orange-coloured tufts on shoulder glands. Fore-limbs
and membranes nearly naked above, a few hairs only extending
along the upper side of the humerus and forearm; upper and pos-
terior sides of thighs very furry; lower legs naked. Below, the fur
sparingly covers the antebrachial membrane, the humerus, femur,
and the wing-membrane internal to them, and also passes along the
outer side of the forearms in a narrow band of weakly-developed
hair. The uropatagium membrane is well developed but entirely
concealed by the fur between the knees and body.
The general characters of the teeth are the same as in Pleropus
melanotus,—strong and heavy, with well-developed basal cusps.
Anterior upper premolar minute, other premolars produced horizon-
tally, their length equal to once-and-a-half their breadth. Last
molars above and below large and well developed, above more than
one-half and below scarcely one-half of the penultimate molars.
Anterior lower premolar of equal size to last molar, separated from
the canine and next premolar by diastemata each equal to its own
diameter.
Skull.—Greatest length, 70 mm.; condylobasal length, 63;
basilar length, 61; median palate length, 37; palatal breadth
between anterior molars, 13 ; zygomata breadth, 36; least interor-
bital breadth, 10°5; breadth between tips of postorbical processes,
28; greatest breadth of brain case above roots of zygomata, 23°8;
greatest depth of brain case, 18; occipital depth, 12; depth of ros-
trum at middle of diastema, 10; mandible, 58; maxillary tooth
row exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 28; mandibular tooth row exclu-
sive of incisors (alveoli), 31.
The dimensions of this specimen will be found in the table of
measurements.
An old female from the type locality is intensely black through-
out, the head inclined to greyish, and the mantle only very faintly
distinguishable ; with other specimens it is more conspicuous, but
in no case so strong in colour as the males. ‘The individual varia-
tion in a Series is very great, scarcely any two being alike; a very
young example, with head and body only 140 mm., shows the
bright collar very clearly, which is produced and completely encir-
cles the throat.
A skin in my collection, from Little Jolly Boy Island, that was
collected by Hume in 1873 and referred to Pt. nicobaricus, belongs
to the present species.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 105
TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS OF Ptleropus tytleri.
| | |
| | a :
| | Pe c
3 | | 5 2 |
| 2 | essen cee) =e arian ch si] ds vy
lr | | eR SS a S sh eae
fee g eo eed GS Spec | eco
| & ; eee fee aed a PE ic a Ac Heo a
Poe Meese. lg g| 8 ee ieee ee
| cnt | 7% ~ a> |> ee —
Sib | obs + 6-1) |) 6) a] o | Pals |S
(Gia |e |o | & a | ow | ep cle ee ee
ete ee NS late oe ie if { t
ee eoey| rie
Mm.|Mm.|/Mm./Mm.}/Mm.Mm. Mm.|Mm.' Mm. Mm. Mm./Mm. Mm.
| ie ey
| ‘
Male (type) Rut- |:275)-68 |-46 {| 15 | 150) 70 | 113] 300} 237| 217! 34 |°29 |: 19
land Island. | | | | : |
Female, ‘Rutland | 277| 74 | 48 | 14 | 148] 85 ~ 113] 299) 232) 209! 34 | 28 | I9
Island. | |
No.. 92 f: Indian | 261):71 |:36 |.:12:|-125}-55 | 110} 300| 225] ..-|-32 | 237-}-16
Museum (Tytler, | |
1864). one | | ae |
Male, Barren Is-| 250] 66 | 4o |.13 | 165] 66 | r1ro0, 283) 221| 197, 25} 20°. 17
land. | |
Female, Barren | 257) 63 | 36 | 12 | 160
Island. |
55 | 105) 254 205] 190) 22 | 17 | I7
Pteropus celeno.
1758. Vespertio vampyrus, Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1, p. 31 (par-
tim).
1804. Vespertio celeno, Hermann, Observ. Zool., I, p. 13.
1810. Pteropus edulis, Geoffroy, Ann. Mus., xv, p. 90.
This species ranges throughout the Nicobar Island as a migrant,
but has a very local distribution, arriving generally during April at
the commencement of the south-west monsoon and leaving again
about September. The naturalists attached to the ‘‘ Novara”’
expedition, however, met with it on Car-Nicobar during their stay
in February and March, which shows a general exodus of the species
does not take place. I have no record of this form extending its
range into the Andamans, although I have made special enquiries
for it.
I examined a skull from the Mergui Archipelago which has been
attributed to Pteropus nicobaricus ; it proved, however, to be a
characteristic specimen of the species now under review.
Pteropus medwus.
1827. Pteropus medius, Temm., Monog. Mammal., 1, p. 170.
The Indian Flying Fox occurs in the Andamans as an occa-
sional and rare straggler, and has only been met with at two points
on North Andaman Island—Reef Inlet, and in the neighbourhood
of Cape Price.
It is, I believe, unknown in the Nicobar Archipelago.
166 GEO. E. MASON: Fruit-eating Bats. L[Vor. Il, tos.
Pteropus faunulus.
1902. Pteropus faunulus, Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, p.
785.
I can add little to Dr. Miller’s excellent description of this in-
teresting form. ‘The only specimen I have examined belongs to the
same sex (male) as the type specimen, with which it closely agrees
in all essential details. The forearm, however, measures 121 mm.
Of the habits of this bat I could gain little information ; it
feeds principally upon plantains, shaddock, and papaya, and only
occurs in small parties of twos and threes. When disturbed it
clings immovably to the under sides of the leaf or bough upon which
it may be resting, showing no sign of life whenits means of support
is violently disturbed, or the animal itself actually touched.
In conclusion I beg to acknowledge the most kind assistance
rendered me by Major W. Browning and Mr. B. B. Osmaston, and
also by Dr. Lorenz, of the Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum, Vienna,
who forwarded the type specimen of Pteropus nicobaricus to London
for my inspection.
SSS
xox A ON We 5 BEC ES CO 5.UN-BIRD
(ETH OPY GA) OBTAINED - NEAR
DAR PL ENG BRL is
ele eee Vin
by T. Bentuam, Indian Museum.
This specimen was shot by myself, together with two examples
of Athopyga nepalensis (the Nepal Yellow-backed Sun-Bird), in
the forest at Ghoom, near Darjiling. It differs in several strongly-
marked points from 4. nepalensis. A coloured drawing of the
specimen was submitted to Capt. Walton some time ago, and that
gentleman, who is well known as an authority on the birds of
Sikhim, said that in his belief the bird was probably a new species.
I propose, therefore, to call it thopyga griseiceps, Benth. (the
Lilac grey.
Pa
Grey-headed Sun-Bird), the grey head being the chief point in
which it differs from other Indian Sun-Birds. The symmetry and
regularity of the pale markings on the head and throat render it
improbable that these markings are due to immaturity.
\
Ly
/
Ki
Nal
AN
:
y's
WN
108 T. BENTHAM: A new species of Sun-Bird. [VOL. II, 1908.]
Description—
Forehead and crown dull lilac-grey, each feather with a dull
buff centre spot; nape, hind neck, chin and throat, metallic green ;
sides of head dull black; a broad whitish grey moustachial streak
on each side of the throat extending from the base of the bill to
the yellow of the breast and dividing the green of the throat from
the black of the side of the head. The rest of the plumage as in
AE. nepalensis.
Length 5°5”; tail 2°5”; wing 2°1
+;
; tarsus 55”; bill from gape
‘Q’ :
XX. —-THREE INDIAN. PHYLACTOLAMATA.
By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum.
Plumatella bombayensis, sp. nov.
Allied to P. tanganytke, Rousselet.
Zocecia short, stout, with thick walls, closely adherent to and even
embedded in solid objects, densely pigmented throughout, with
astrong keel and furrow on their proximal half, almost triangu-
lar in cross-section in this half, but oval in the distal half;
their free extremity truncated, often oblique, sometimes trum-
pet-shaped ; the walls of the zocecium irregularly annulated
towards the distal end, and often constricted a short distance
below the tip, the base of some zocecia irregularly inflated. The
polypide with a small lophophore, which bears about thirty
ee i >
ee rk SN vem
OQ y
Spa
a
THES
oO
pj
<—
Fic. 1.—Part of a colony of P. bombayensis, x 16.
tentacles ; base of the stomach rounded. Free statoblasts few,
elongate, ‘often irregular in outline ; the swim-ring well developed
and broad; the central capsule profusely and regularly tuber-
culate. Fixed statoblasts broadly oval, surrounded by a
chitinous ring which is often produced irregularly at several or
many points and is devoid of reticulate markings.
Habitat.—On lower surface of stones in a lake and pond at
Igatpuri, Western Ghats, Bombay Presidency. November, 1907;
N. Annandale Jeg. Often covering a considerable area; many of
170 N. ANNANDALE: Three Lndian Phylactolemata. |VOL. I,
the zoaria dead and decomposed, in some only fixed statoblasts
remaining.
Iam by no means sure that this form is more than a local
race of Mr. C. Rousselet’s P. tanganyike, of which, by the kind-
ness of Mr. R. Kirkpatrick, I have been able to examine one of
the types. I have, however, submitted a specimen of the Bombay
form to Mr. Rousselet, who considers it quite distinct, suggesting
that it may be related to Allman’s P. fruticosa, on account of a
similarity in the measurements of the statoblasts he himself has
examined. But what I call P. fruticosa is a slender species with
more or less free colonies, a faintly tinted cuticle, and a rounded
distal extremity to the zocecia; and in my diagnosis of this form I
follow Allman’s figures (Mon. Freshwater Polyzoa, pl. vi). My new
species possesses none of these characters and differs from P. tan-
ganytke only in the following points: (1) its darker colour; (2) its
strong keel, which gives its basal half almost a triangular outline in
cross-section ; and (3) its possession of free statoblasts. It resembles
the African species in characters perhaps more important, v2z., in
its annulate and truncated zocecia and its habit of partially embed-
ding its colonies in the substance to which it adheres.
The truncate appearance of the zocecia is naturally most dis-
tinct when the polypides are contracted. In this condition the
zocecia apparently resemble those of P. philippinensis, Kraepelin,
between which and the African form P. bombayensts is evidently in
some respects intermediate. When the polypides are expanded it
is seen that there is a much sharper division between the zocecium
proper and what Allman calls the tentacular sheath than there is
in most species of the genus, in which, as a rule, the chitinized
cuticle fades away gradually at the distal extremity of the zocecium,
giving place to a soft membrane. In P. bombayensis and P. tan-
ganyike, however, and apparently in P. philipbpinensis also, the
walis of the zocecium are unusually stout and terminate abruptly,
the tentacular sheath and the parts immediately adjacent to them |
being extremely delicate and collapsing completely when the
polypide is drawn into the aperture.! In P. emarginata, which re-
sembles these forms to some extent in the thickness of the walls
of the zocecia, although the zocecia themselves have a much smaller
diameter, the aperture is as a rule moreor less lateral, not terminal,
and is approached by a distinct triangular patch of rather stout
but almost transparent membrane situated on the upper surface
of the zocecium, the tip of which is rounded even when the polypide
is fully contracted.
As I find that the statoblasts of the Indian forms of Plumatella
do not afford, in their exact actual or proportional measurements,
any sate specific criterion, I have purposely omitted to give measure-
ments of those of P. bombayensis; but I may say that, in the few
specimens I have examined, the breadth equals about two-thirds
| Probably P. aplinéi, MacGillivray, from Australia (Tvans, Roy. Soc. Victoria,
V, p. 203, 1860) also belongs to this group, but the description is very incomplete,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. ray
of the length, and that the central capsule is about three-fourths as
broad as long. The statoblast has thus neither the attenuated
outline of that of P. philippinensts nor the broadly oval form of
that of the typical P. vepens. The form might, therefore, so far as
the proportions of the statoblasts are concerned, fall into either
of Kraepelin’s two species P. polymorpha and P. princeps, which
represent respectively the group related, as regards this character,
to P. repens and that related to P. emarginata in the same way.
Fic, 2.—P. bombayensis: statoblast (A) and distal part of a zocecium (B),
both x 7o.
Lophopus cartert (Hyatt).
Zoaria consisting of small, mound-shaped, colourless masses o.
gelatinous consistency, which have the power of progression
without any specialization of the base and are capable of
coalescing by means of their gelatinous investment to form
compound colonies of a temporary nature. Zocecia tubular,
upright, rather short; their walls consisting of an inner cellular
layer and an outer gelatinous one devoid of cells in the living
organism. Stomach yellow, rounded, but not broadly, at the
base; lophophore bearing about sixty tentacles, which are
distinctly webbed at their point of origin. Statoblasts (fig. 3)
large, somewhat variable in size and proportions, but averaging
about 0°85 mm. by 0°56 mm., truncately oval in outline,
curved longitudinally, with a wide swim-ring and an almost
circular capsule, which is relatively small; the statoblast bear-
ing at each end a series of straight processes, each of which is
armed with a row of minute, blunt hooks on either side.
This form only differs from my L. himalayanus in the larger
number of tentacles borne by its lophophore, and in the more
perfect development of the processes on the statoblasts. In
L. himalayanus these are sometimes reduced to minute rudi-
ments (fig. 4) in statoblasts proved by their dark colour and by
the fact that they are found floating free in large numbers, to be
E72 N. ANNANDALE: Three Indian Phylactolemata. [VOuL. HI,
mature. The arrangement of the zocecia in these two forms agrees
more closely with that found in L. crystallinus than with that found
in L.lendenfeldi, whichis further distinguished by the comparatively
small size of its statoblast. By the kindness of Mr. R. Kirkpatrick
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Fic. 3.—L. carteri: statoblast from Igatpuri Lake, W. Ghats, x 70.
I have lately been able to examine a specimen of this Australian
form, regarding which I am therefore in a position to express a
more definite opinion than I was when I wrote my former note on
the Himalayan form (Rec. Ind. Mus., i, p. 145), in which I stated
that the two were probably identical specifically. Even in
L. lendenfeldi, judging from an examination of this specimen, cells
are probably absent from the gelatinous investment in the living
organism, although in specimens preserved in spirit those of the
inner layer are apt to be forced out of their natural position.
This is certainly the casein the two Indian forms and in L. crystalli-
nus, in all of which this artificial phenomenon occurs. ‘The cells
FIG. 4.—L. himalayanus: extremity of statoblast, x 240.
of the inner layer, however, are distinctly larger in the Indian and
Australian forms than they are in L. crystallinus, and are appa-
rently more easily displaced. In Plumatella punctata not only have
these cells all the characters of its genus, but the stiffer consis-
tency of the cuticle, swollen though it is, prevents them from being
forced into it artificially.
As regards the generic position of £. cartert, I have already
stated (Rec. Ind. Mus., i, p. 147) that I see no reason to separate it
from the genus to which Carter assigned it. It must be confessed,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 173
however, that, in order to include it, the definition of this genus
must be modified, and that it is very difficult to draw an exact line
between Lophopus and Pectinatella, if the younger stages of the
colonies of the latter are to be taken into account, and if the Indian
forms are to be placed in the former. Moreover, the Japanese forms
(Pectinatella gelatinosa and P. davenporti) do not altogether agree
with the only other fully described species of their genus, v?z.,
P. magnifica of N. America and the continent of Europe. Unfor-
tunately I have not yet been able to obtain a copy of the full
account of P. davenporti, which is published by the Japanese
Zoological Society, and am therefore forced to rely on the
summary thereof published by Oka, the author of the species, in
the Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxxi, No. 23, May, 1907. Mr. Rousselet
has, however, drawn my attention to the close similarity between
the statoblasts of this form and those of L. cartert.
Further, there is a certain biological resemblance between
L. cartert and the species of Pectinatiella. Oka (Journ. Coll. Sci.
Tokyo, iv, 1891) has described P. gelatinosa as forming gigantic
compound colonies by the coalescence of numerous small zoaria,
each of which arises from a single statoblast; and a somewhat
similar phenomenon occurs in P. magnifica. I found large numbers
of small zoaria of L. cartert, grouped together but quite distinct
from one another, on the under surface of stones in the lake at
Igatpuri in November last. They were apparently adult zoaria
and most of them bore mature statoblasts. When they were
detached from their support, however, and placed in a bottle of
water, several of them coalesced so as to become, to the naked eye,
a single colony, although a microscopic investigation revealed the
fact that it was only the gelatinous investment that had taken
part in the coalescence. Such compound colonies did not
appear to be permanent, nor did I see any in natural conditions.
Moreover, they showed no tendency to secrete a common basal
membrane, as the components of the large colonies of Pectinatella
do.
On the leaves of a tree whose branches dipped into the water
of a lake at Kawkareik in the interior of the Amherst district of
Tenasserim I found, in March last, a number of similar zoaria,
quite independent of one another. They differed from those taken
in the Bombay Presidency in autumn in the following characters :
(1) their ccencecium had a decided yellow tinge; (2) their poly-
pides were larger ; and (3) they bore no statoblasts. It is just
possible that these were young colonies of the form described below,
on the evidence of a statoblast from the same lake, as Pectinatella
burmanica; but their zocecia were upright and the histological
similarity between them and zoaria of L. cartert was so close that
I think they must have represented this species. If they belonged
to the same species as the statoblast found in their vicinity, it
would, in my opinion, be impossible any longer to separate the two
genera ; but this is a point on which it is not yet possible for me
to express a definite opinion.
174 N. ANNANDALE: Three Indian Phylactolemata. |VOL. II, .’08.]
Pectinatella burmanica, sp. nov.
Animal unknown. Statoblast dark brown in colour, very large,
almost circular, measuring 1°56 X 1°75 mm., curved longi-
tudinally ; the central capsule relatively small, measuring
0458 X 063 mm., Circumference armed with numerous
minute hooked processes with a very short stem and often
irregular or abortive in form.
Habitat.—lLake at Kawkareik, interior of Amherst district,
Tenasserim. March, 1908; N. Annandale Zeg.
Fic. 5.—Pect. burmanica: part of periphery of statoblast, x 240.
This statoblast was found attached to the protective tube of
the Oligochete worm Aulophorus tongkinensis, a most industrious
collector of gemmules and statoblasts, whose tubes, so common in
Indian ponds and lakes, generally afford some indication of the
sponges and polyzoa to be found in the locality in which they are
taken. ‘Together with the specimen figured were statoblasts of a
species of Plumatella and of two genera of sponges, all fastened to
the tube of a single worm. So far as it is possible to say without
examining the animal, Pectinatella burmanica is related to P. gela-
tinosa, Oka, from Japan, whence I have received some mounted
statoblasts from Mr. C. Rousselet. The statoblasts of the latter
form are, however, subrectangular in outline and their processes
are more numerous and much more constant in form. As regards
its shape, the statoblast of the new species somewhat resembles
that of Lophopus jhering:, Meissner, but the latter is considerably
smaller (0°8 X I°0 mm.) and apparently lacks processes of all sorts.
As regards the distorted and often degenerate nature of the hooked
processes P. burmanica resembles Lophopus himalayanus, but in the
latter form the processes are often more complex and, when they
occur, are invariably confined to the extremities of the statoblast ;
the latter being a feature which may serve to distinguish L. carteri
as well as L. himalayanus (if these two are specifically distinct
from one another) from all species of the genus Pectinatella.
ON LW ONE WO OPE CITES OF EAGI E-
RAV oe Gi Vee Ob A ta De) Wi ee NOLES
ONea Die Ske Ur Or THE iGENUS
Chk ATL OPT ERA,
By R. EB. Lioyvp, M.B., B.Sc., Capt., I.M.S., formerly Surgeon
Naturalist, Marine Survey of India.
During a brief collecting trip to Puri, on the Orissa Coast, re-
cently taken in conjunction with Dr. N. Annandale, we were in-
formed that a gigantic fish had been lately caught in the seine net
of some local fishermen, who regarded the capture as a most un-
usual event. Search was made for evidence of this story, with the
result that a portion of an immense ray was found almost buried
in sand close to high-water-mark.
The specimen, although in an advanced stage of decomposi-
tion, was covered with tough skin, so that the form of the head was
completely preserved. From the appearance of the wide mouth,
gaping directly forwards and flanked by two cephalic flippers,
the fish was recognised to be one of those rays which, owing to
their gigantic size, are rarely captured, and still less often appear
in Museum collections. ‘The specimen, which measured three feet
nine inches across the head from eye to eye, was despatched to the
Indian Museum.
Unfortunately the great pectoral fins had been cut off at the time
of its capture, but the complete head and shoulder girdle with the
intervening gill bars were obtained. A detached tail-like portion
of vertebral column was found close by, bearing a median dorsal
fin and a curious rounded knob (plate v, fig. 3). From the charac-
ter of the skin this was seen to be part of the same remarkable fish.
The dorsal fin in the Myliobatide is situated at the hinder end of
the disc between the pelvic fins; this detached portion must there-
fore belong to the disc and not to the tail; furthermore, the
anterior end of it fits on to the exposed centrum which terminates
the vertebral column behind the shoulder girdle.
The Myliobatide are by some authors divided into two groups,
—Myliobatina and Ceratopterina. It will be shown further on that
this division is highly justifiable. It is difficult to imagine two
structures more unlike one another than the skulls of Ceratoptera
and Aétobatis, the latter genus being taken as an example of the
-Myliobatina.
The group Cervatopterina contains three genera, two of which
have been long known. .All three are characterised by possessing
170 R. E. Ltovp: New species of Eagle-Rays. [Vov. Ul,
long cephalic flippers or horns one on either side of the head. They
mav be briefly defined thus—
(1) Dicerobatis (Blainville) has an inferior mouth, teeth in
both jaws, and a smooth skin.
(2) Ceratobatis (Boulenger) like Dicerobatis, but teeth restric-
ted to the upper jaw.
(3) Ceratoptera (Muller and Henle) has an anterior mouth,
teeth in the lower jaw only, and numerous denticles
on the skin.
Our specimen from Puri evidently belongs to the last of these
(Ceratoptera), although the genus has not been hitherto recorded from
the Bay of Bengal,' and is known from only a very few specimens.
Two species have been recognised: Ceratoptera vampyrus
(Duméril), found in American seas, bears 100 series of teeth on the
lower jaw (this is the Manta birosiris of American writers, the much-
dreaded devil fish of the Panama pearl fisheries); the other,
C. chrenbergit, bears 200 series of teeth, seven in each series, and
is found in the Red Sea.
In a footnote to page 498 of his Catalogue of Fishes, vol. viii,
Giimther writes: ‘On an unpublished * plate of the Symbole Physice
this species’’ (C. ehrenbergit) ‘‘is named Cephaloptera stelligera ; the
horns ate horizontally bent inwards.’ Reference to this plate
shows that our specimen from Puri bears a considerable resem-
blance to the species from the Red Sea; even the denticles of the
skin, which are clearly depicted, show a marked similarity in the
two cases. Inthe Symbol@ Physice each denticle is shown as a
stellate (usually six-rayed) base bearing a bluntly pointed tubercle
which in some cases shows slight irregularity. It is possible that
the horns may have been bent inwards during life but our photo-
graphs (plate iv) show what seemed to be the natural position of
these appendages.
Ceratoptera orissa, sp. nov.
The specimen from Puri, for which the name Ceratoptera
orissa is proposed, is differentiated from the others by the follow-
ing features :—
(1) The dentition of the lower jaw is in 370 series, each con-
sisting of 14 teeth. In their peculiar columnar form
and in the regularity of their arrangement, the teeth
show a close similarity to those depicted in the
Symbole Physica. Each tooth is separated by a
well-marked interspace from its neighbours (text-
HEL).
| Day, relying on a woodcut published by Sir Walter Elliot, has provisionally
included Ceratoptera among the fishes of India. A comparison of this woodcut
with the figure in the Symbole Physice and with our specimen from Puri shows,
however, that this woodcut cannot be regarded as a representation of Ceratoptera.
2 Published subsequently in Symbol@ Physic@, Berlin, 1899.
1go8. | — Records of the Indian Museum. 177
(2) Behind the dorsal fin is a remarkable globular swelling
of the size of a man’s fist (fig. 3, plate v). This is
not present in the other species.
(3) The denticles of the skin consist of a stellate base,
usually six-rayed, which bears a multifid spine.
Other specific characters cannot be defined as the specimen was
incomplete.
The diagram, plate x, fig 2, which is drawn to scale, shows
the principal measurements of the head.
The upper surface of the head and adjacent portions of the
disc were of a dark greenish grey colour contrasting sharply with
the pure white of the oral surface.
Fic, 1.—Teeth of Ceratoptera ovissa, sp. nov.
The upper surface of the cephalic flippers and the sides of the
head were white, as were the lower two-thirds of the ocular promi-
nences.
The mouth was overhung by a thin curtain or velum of
white skin; the depth of this curtain was about four inches except
towards the middle where it was considerably reduced, allowing a
view of the interior of the mouth.
This velum, whichis analogous to an upper lip, is quite distinct
from the broad nasal flap; it resembles that structure and is at-
tached behind it. Figure 2, plate v, shows these features, as well
as the band of teeth on the lower jaw. Other measurements are
as follows :—
Between the nostrils a3 fac te Ode Ch S:
Width of mouth — Salk aa
Dimension of the band of teeth ~ 2 47 bY 2°5 cms.
Greatest diameter of eyeball ms jigs
Corneal aperture of eye .. = oar
Greatest diameter of spiracle se Se wet
The cranium of Ceratoptera orissa consists of a single lamina of
cartilage measuring 95 cms. in breadth but only 20 in length in the
middle line. The outer ends of this lamina turn forwards as two
spatulate projections which lie over and support the bases of the
178 R. E. Ltovp: New species of Eagle-Rays. [VOL. Il,
cephalic fins. ‘The skeleton of these fins, as in the other members
of the Mylobatide, is directiy continuous with the skeleton of the
pectoral fins. The actual brain case is a very insignificant part of
the cranium, being represented by a dome-shaped box measuring
only 13 cms. in breadth, situated close to the condyles.
With the exception of the small portion which lodges the brain,
this cranial lamina has a uniform thickness of half an inch in the
dried state. It terminates laterally in simple margins, hence the
cranium appears to be devoid of true orbits. At one point, on
either side, the dry cartilage composing these margins is prolonged
outwards towards the eyes as two slender shrivelled tubes which
doubtless contained the optic nerves. Owing to decay it was im-
possible to ascertain the point at which the ocular muscles were at-
tached to the cranium; this point would have indicated the site of
the orbit.
The eyes were well preserved for, as in many other large elas-
mobranch fishes, the sclerotic coat was composed of thick tough car-
tilage; in this case the cartilage composing the back of the eyeball
was more than half an inch in thickness; it was indeed so mas-
sively developed that on first examination it was thought to be the
orbit itself which had been attached to the cranial margin by the
slender tubular prolongation beforementioned. ‘This misunderstand-
ing was corrected by finding traces of the tendinous insertions of the
ocular muscles attached to the outer surface of the globe.
The jaws and their suspensory apparatus were of the type
common to the order. The hyomandibular is laminate in form and
is firmly attached at its upper (or inner) end to the cranium close
to the occipital condyle of the same side; it also receives additional
support by being, as it were; wrapped round. the posterior margin
of the cranial plate. Its lower (or outer) end supports the jaws and
hyoid. The upper and lower jaw differ remarkably in appearance.
The upper jaw is a straight slender bar, no thicker than.a
man’s thumb, attached at either end to the hyomandibulars. The
lower jaw, which has, of course, the same attachments, is a massive
plank-like structure measuring 12 cms. in depth; one surface of
this looks upwards and forwards and bears the curious ribbon-like
band of teeth which are detachable with the skin.
The lower edge of the mandible forms a prominent ridge sharply
defining the oral face from the ventral surface; in the same way
the anterior margin of the cranial lamina, which forms an open
curve, sharply separates the oral face from the dorsal surface.
Theskeleton, which carries the great pectoral fins on either side,
is prolonged forwards beneath the spatulate processes of the
cranium, to render support to the cephalic fins; beneath these
processes it is united to the cranium itself by a cartilaginous bar
which is fixed to the cranium just outside the nasal fossa (point x ,
igi, pl. x).
In order that a better understanding of the cranium might be
arrived at, the skull of Aétobatis, a common genus Pate ne to the
M yliobatina, was cleaned and examined.
1908.] | . Records of the Indian Museum. 179
This. was: so. different. from the skull of Cervatopteva that it has
been shown in outline in fig 3, pl. x. The cranium of Aétobatis is a
box-like structure provided with well-developed orbits, that is to
say it is not unlike the type found in many other elasmobranch
fishes, but a great contrast to that of Ceratoptera. This difference
is so marked that a separate origin for the two divisions of the
Myliobatide might have to be admitted. In order to demonstrate
this, an examination of the skulls of other genera of the family
would be necessary.
Fic. 2.—Teeth of D. evegoodoo. FIG, ae of a thurstont.
During a recent visit to Madras I had, through the kindness of
Mr. E. Thurston, an opportunity of examining the large rays in the
Museum of that city. Among them aretwo examples of Dicerobatis
which clearly belong to separate species. Photographs of these are
shown on plate iv. One of them agrees closely with the definition
of D. eregoodoo, the species usually found in Indian seas, though by
no means commonly. Cantor! gives a full description of this fish;
regarding the teeth he writes: ‘‘ the teeth are uniformly minute, flat-
tened, of a pentagonal shape, with backwards directed points; they
have frequently two or three such points; they are generally twice
broader than long. The upper jaw has 80, the lower jaw 94 rows of
teeth.” The teeth of the specimen in the Madras Museum has 60
rows of teeth in the upper jaw, but in form (text-fig. 2) they agree
with Cantor’s description; the teeth of the same species are shown
by Duméril * in a figure which shows some slight difference. Inspite
of this the smaller Madras specimen should, I think, be placed in
the species D, evegoodoo. The larger specimen is quite different,
however; it has twice as many teeth, which are of a different
character. As it does not appear to resemble any known species it
has been described here.
Dicerobatis thurstoni, sp. nov.
Teeth in 140 series in the upper jaw, extending nearly to the
angle of the mouth. Each tooth is separated from its neighbours
by an interval, and consists of an irregular nodular base bearing
from two to four spinous cusps (text-fig. 3).
1 Catalogue ofMalayan Fishes, p. 1420.
2 Hist. Nat. des Poissons, pl. 6, figs. 2—5.
180 R. E. Ltoyvp: New species of Eagle-Rays. [NOL. II, 1908. ]
The teeth of the lower jaw could not be counted in the dry
specimen as the lip was curled over; they seemed to be about as
numerous as those of the upper jaw. ‘Tail smooth, less in length
than the disc, and without a spine. Proportions generally like
D, eregoodoo, but the cephalic fins are relatively shorter than in
that species; furthermore, the termination of the disc between the
cephalic fins is wider, and forms a more open curve (more nearly
a straight line) than in D. eregoodoo.
The measurements of the dry specimen are as follows :—
Greatest breadth .. .. 160 ems.
Length of disc in the middle line
(excluding pelvic fins) ee F343,
Distance between the eyes fs 2G tas
Eye to tip of cephalic fin eg ean
Nostril to nostril .. Bas TO,
Spiracle to posterior border of
the eye - “7 Ans ee
Length of tail Me - 53
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
Fra. 1.—Dicerobatis eregoodoo, ventral surface, 4 nat. size.
5, 2.—D. thurstont, dorsal surface, 3, nat. size. es
og : 5 @
PlacedN:
Rec Ind Mus. Vol. U, 1908.
Bemrose, Colio.,
Fig
EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.
Fias. 1 AND 2,—Side and front view of the head of Ceratoptera
orissa, »; nat. size. In fig. 2 the band of teeth
can be seen close to the lower margin of the
mandible; black paper has been placed in the
left nostril.
Fic. 3.—Vertebral column and dorsal fin of the same fish.
Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. I, 1908. lace NE
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.
Fic. 1.—Diagram, to scale, of the skull of C. ovssa: b.c. = brain
case; 1.7. = lower jaw; “.7.=upper jaw; c.f. = cephalic
fin; o.c. = occipital condyle; fm. = hyomandibular ;
N.C. == nasal capsule: ¢.== sclerotic cartilaze: "07p5 —
prolongation of the cartilage towards the eye (sheath for
optic nerve); sc. — scapula: co. —= coracoid = 7. june:
tion of hyomandibular with the cranium: the branchial
arches have been omitted; the cranium proper is shown
in thick outline: @ and b= denticles of the skin from
above and from the side.
,, 2.—Diagram, to scale, of the head of C. ovissa; figures re-
present centimetres.
»5 3—Cranium of Aétobatis narinaria showing well-defined
orbits * 0, =—— orbit; -¢, == eye: “cj, == cepilalic im:
Rec. Ind. Mus, Vol. II, 1908. Plate x.
Fig.i. AC .Chowdhary deb§ ‘ith.
XXIL=DESCRIPTION OF A.NEW .SPECTES
OF THE GENUS SESARMA, SAY., FROM
THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS.
By Dr. J. G. dz MAN.
A collection received from Dr. Annandale of the Indian
Museum, Calcutta, comprises a new species of the genus Sesarma,
Say. It is represented by one male and two females that were
collected at Mount Hamet, Port Blair, Andaman Island, in fresh-
water streams in dense forest at a height of 700 feet, by Mr. B. B.
Osmaston, in January, 1907. The larger of the two females, which
are a little smaller than the male, carries a Sacculina.
Sesarma thelxinoé, sp. nov.
(Plate xi.)
A new species of the subgenus Sesavma, related to Sesarma
sylvicola, de M., from Sumatra, to S. ocypoda, Nob.,from Benkoelen
and to S. celebensis, Schenkel, from Celebes.
Both in the male and in the female the distance between the
outer orbital angles appears a little larger than the length of the
carapace, the proportion being nearly as 13: 12. Upper surface de-
pressed, very slightly arcuate transversely at the level of the
mesogastric area, whereas the gastric region slightly slopes down
forward towards the frontal lobes; posteriorly the upper surface
is more flattened, whereas the epibranchial regions are deflexed
downward. Regions indicated, but incompletely defined. Of the
cervical groove the transverse furrow that defines the gastric
region posteriorly is well developed and rather deep only in its
lateral parts ; the mesogastric furrow is shallow, though reaching to
just behind the middle of the gastric region. The protogastric
areas that slope down laterally to the lower situated, hepatic
region, are not separated at all from the anterior branchial areas, nor
from the mesogastric area which is also undivided. The intestinal
region is bounded laterally by shallow depressions.
The front, which is vertically deflexed, is just half as broad as
the distance between the outer orbital angles. Of the four post-
frontal lobes, which are separated from each other by narrow, moder-
ately deep incisions, the inner are just twice as broad as the outer ;
the post-frontal lobes are prominent and hide the front, though the
lower margin is visible when the carapace is looked at from above.
The free edge of the post-frontal lobes is rather sharp, though very
182 J. G. DE MAN: Sesarma thelxinoé. [Vor
finely granulated ; that of the inner lobes is straight and transverse
in the male and in the younger female (fig. 2), but in the other
female the free edge of these lobes is slightly concave and runs a
little obliquely (fig. 4). The outer post-frontal lobes reach a little
further forward than the inner. The front (fig. 3), which is
somewhat concave, is four times as broad as high ; in the male, in
which the upper margin is 6°8 mm. broad, the front is 1° 7mm:
high at either side of the middle. The lateral margins of the
front are nearly parallel, being only very slightly convergent ; the
lower margin is but very faintly sinuous, the median emargination
is broad, but very shallow, and the lateral ones are hardly recognis-
able. Viewed from before, the lower margin appears straight i in the
middle ; on each side of the middle it appears, in the male, very
slightly concave, but in the two females distinctly so. The front
is covered, especially laterally, with microscopical granules, but
the anterior surface of the inner post-frontal lobes is almost smooth ;
lying on each side contiguous to the lower margin are two or three
somewhat larger granules.
As in other species, a transverse ridge is situated a little be-
hind the free margin of the outer post-frontal lobes ; between this
margin and the ridge, which is very finely granulate and presents
a somewhat oblique direction, the upper surface of the outer
frontal lobes is covered with some small granules, that anteriorly
are partly arranged in transverse rows. Some small granules are
also observed on the anterior half of the hepatic region and near
the antero-lateral margins of the carapace, as also two short, finely
granulated ridges, the anterior, shorter one on the extraorbital
tooth, the other near the middle of the first epibranchial tooth.
The deflexed, branchial regions are marked with the usual oblique
striz.. All the rest of the upper surface of the carapace is perfectly
smooth, without any trace of granules, even when examined through
a magnifying glass ; the inner post- -frontal lobes are thus also quite
smooth above as far as their anterior margin. ‘The upper surface is,
however, punctate, finely on the gastric region, more coarsely on
the branchial regions and on the depressions that separate the latter
from the area intestinalis; in a few puncta short, stiff sete are
inserted. As in S. sylvicola, the lateral margins of the carapace
distinctly diverge backward and are very faintly concave behind
the middle.
Extraorbital tooth acute, its outer margin slightly convex,
sometimes straight or even faintly concave; by a rather deep,
triangular notch this tooth is separated from the first epibranchial,
which is also acute and, like the extraorbital tooth, somewhat
turned upward; the outer margin of this tooth, which is once-
and-a-half as long as the extraorbital tooth, is straight and al-
ready divergent. A trace of a very small second epibranchial
tooth is indicated. ‘The posterior margin of the carapace is just as
broad as the front.
The abdomen of the male (fig. 5) resembles that of S. sylvzcola
(de Man, Abhandl. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesellschaft, xxv, 1902,
1908. Records of the Indian Museum. 18
9 3
pl. xix, fig. 11); the obtuse, terminal joint is almost once-and-a-
half as long as the penultimate, and the posterior margin of the
latter is two-and-a-half times as broad as this joint is long. In
the younger female the terminal segment is for one-third of its
length impacted in the penultimate, in the other female not even
as far.
Chelipedes equal, both in the male and in the female. Outer
surface of the arm transversely wrinkled, neither the upper nor
the inner border of the arm ends in a tooth or spine; but the
inner border presents a slight, subterminal dilatation and appears
finely, though irregularly, denticulate along its whole length ; about
thirty very small acute teeth, recognisable through a lens, occur
on the lower border. Upper surface of the wrist covered, especially
on its outer side, with finely crenulate ridges, inner angle obtuse—
not dentiform ; examined by means of a lens a few minute sete
are observed on the upper surface. In the male the horizontal
length of the chele (fig. 6) measures three-fourths the distance
between the outer orbital angles; the fingers are a little longer
than the palm which is one-fourth higher than long. To the naked
eye both palm and fingers appear smooth. Examined by means
of a magnifying-glass the rounded upper border of the palm,
which carries no pectinated crests, appears a little granular by very
small granules ; but for a few oblique striations near the carpal arti-
culation, the convex outer surface of the palm appears perfectly
smooth ; the rounded lower margin is’slightly granular, the granules
being microscopical, though slightly larger and rather acute on the
inner side and extending here to the middle of the immobile
finger. The fingers are pointed; their convex, outer surface is
smooth, though somewhat punctate; the tapering dactylus has
neither ridges nor grooves, but is covered above with minute subacute
granules that extend to near the tip and are rather zrregularly
arranged. ‘The inner surface of the palm presents no trace of
a transverse crest or ridge, but it carries a few, very small, sub-
acute granules, visible by a lens, one or two of which near the
upper border are a little larger than the rest. The immobile
finger has two small, conical teeth, one contiguous to the horny tip,
the other near the base, and between them are six or seven smaller
teeth, while two or three occur near the base ; the toothing of the
dactylus is nearly the same.
The chelz of the female are comparatively smaller, measuring
three-fifths only of the distance between the outer orbital angles ;
but the fingers are comparatively longer than in the male. The
oblique strize near the carpal articulation are hardly developed and
the upper border of the dactylus is nearly smooth ; the granules on
the inner surface of the palm are also fewer in number and smaller.
The ambulatory legs apparently closely resemble those of
S. sylvicola. ‘The meropodites, which have a subterminal, acute
tooth on the anterior border, are slender like the other joints, and
their outer surface is covered with short, transverse, crenulate lines,
—that of the last pair excepted, these being nearly smooth; so,
184 J. G. DE MAN: Sesarma thelxinoé. [Vor Uy,
e.g., are the meropouites of the penultimate pair three times as
long as broad. ‘The carpal joints, which, like the following joints,
are smooth, are furnished on their outer surface with two longitu-
dinal ridges, less distinct on those of the last pair. The propodites
are little more than three times as long as broad, and the dactyli .
are but little shorter than the penultimate joints; in the male,
not in the female, the posterior margin of the dactyli is tomen-
tose, as also the distal third part of that of the propodites. The
ambulatory legs are fringed with stiff bristles which are black on
their proximal and white on their distal half.
The carapace and ambulatory legs are red-brown, the chelipedes
vellow.
Measurements in millimetres. eg g Q
Distance between the outer orbital angles 13°7 12°75 12°4
Length of carapace, measured in the
middle line, abdomen excluded BMS yas he BO6) 5
Breadth of the upper margin of the front 68. 675 6°4
Distance between the Ist ee emenial Teeth = 4) 13 12°75
Greatest width of the carapace . we Tata SERS aa
Breadth of posterior margin of carapace . gi 6°5 6:6
Length of the terminal joint of abdomen. . 2°5 -
~ oy Penultimate 4oimt 18
Breadth of the anterior margin of this joint 2°79,
fae Sie DOSteTOI: | ure 4°60
i jength of antepenultimate joint | T5204 bie
Horizontal length of chela HOt, 9775 ae
, fingers 97 64 4°3
Height of the palm + 575... 3°8 4
Length of meropodite ) FO Ara4O 85
Breadth | a2 3
Length of pr opodite | of penultimate
in the middle f pair of legs : 7 6 6
Breadth of _,, | 18. -10 7
Length of dactylus ) 79655 25°95 > ages
Sesarma thelxinoé differs at first sight from S. ocypoda, Nob.,
its variety gracillima, de M., and S. sylvicola, de M., by the smooth-
ness of the gastric region and of the upper surface of the inner post-
frontal lobes, as also by the smoothness of the outer surface of the
chela. There are, however, still more differences, for which I
refer to my work in Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellschaft, xxv,
1902, pp. 522-527, pl. xix, figs. g-11.
Of S. aranea, Nob., a young male specimen, from the Island
of Nias, kindly presented to me by Dr. Nobili, is lying before me.
The distance between the outer orbital angles is 6°3 mm., the
length of carapace 6 mm., and the lateral margins slightly diverge
posteriorly, so that, as regards the general shape of the carapace,
both species agree with one another. ‘The first epibranchial tooth
is, however, shorter than the extraorbital tooth and less prominent
laterally ; the upper surface of the inner post-frontal lobes and
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 185
the anterior part of the protogastric areas are distinctly rugose and
granular ; the front is higher ,—3 mm. broad, I mm. high ; the chelee
are granular on their outer surface and the five or six acute teeth
on the proximal half of the upper margin of the dactylus are mucn
larger than in S. thelxinoé. ‘The abdomen has a different shape,
resembling that of S. moeschit (de Man in Max Weber’s Zoolog.
Evgebn., 1892, tab. xx, fig. 14a); the penultimate segment, in-
deed, is much less enlarged, its posterior margin is 1°92 mm. broad,
while this segment is 0‘°9 mm. and the antepenultimate 0°72 mm.
long. Both species are therefore considered as different, but an
examination of younger individuals of S. thelxinoé will be useful
in order to see whether they show the same characters as the adult.
Sesarma (Sesarma) amphinome, de M., of which a female from
Sintang, described in 1899, is lying before me, is a more different
species.
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EXPLANATION -OF PLATE XI.
Fic. 1.—Sesarma thelxinoé, sp. nov., male, X 2.
2.—Front of the same specimen viewed from above, x 3.
» 3 5; i ‘ - Pe _ betore, es
4.—Anterior half of the upper surface of the larger female, « 3.
5.—Abdomen of the male, x 3.
6.—Chela of the male, x 3.
Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol II, 1908. Plate XI.
J.G. de Man. del., Dec. 1907.
SESARMA (SESARMA) THELXINOE, De MAN.
“
—
rs
¥
MXIT DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
OF LAND, MARINE AND FRESHWATER
SHELLS FROM THE ANDAMAN
ISLANDS:
BG. RE SrON wo:
The species described in the present paper formed part of the
collection of the late Rev. J. Warneford who was, for many years,
Chaplain to His Majesty’s Forces in the Andaman Islands, and
an ardent and indefatigable collector ; the collection took twelve
years to amass, and is perhaps the largest ever got together on
those Islands. The ‘‘ types” have recently been acquired by the
Trustees of the Indian Museum, in whose collection they now are.
Sitala denselivata, sp. nov.
Shell perforate, conical, carinate at the periphery, opaque,
pale yellowish horn colour ; whorls 64, rather convex, sculptured
with fine spiral lire ; base of shell somewhat convex, spirally
striate; columella straight, reflexed over the very narrow
umbilicus, peristome acute; aperture sub-quadrate.
Altitude ees panneee
Diam, major... Ss ie
Aperture, alt. 225 ys
aa diam. he a
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Approaching S. attegia, Benson! (= cadelli, Nev. MS.). The
spire is, however, less acuminate and in general shape the shell is
much narrower in proportion to its height; the carination is also
not so marked and the spiral sculpture is coarser than in S. attegia.
Tornatina conspicua, sp. nov.
Shell imperforate, regularly cylindrical, white, shining, covered
with a rich reddish brown periostracum ; spire somewhat exserted ;
whorls 6, the last sculptured with fine, wavy spiral striz ; sutures
deeply and broadly channelled ; aperture narrow, scarcely dilated
below, a thickening of the shell appearing about half a millimetre
from the edge of the peristome ; peristome slightly inflated in the
middle, acute; columella arched, terminating in a basal fold, a
callus extending from it to the suture.
| Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), iii, p. 184, 1859.
188 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. [ VoL. 1,
Altitude me .. 105 mm.
Diam., major .. ek Soa e
Aperture, alt. .. Oe ee
- diam., minor... "754,
Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—10
fathoms.
Atys convexa, sp. nov.
Shell umbilicate, tumid, ovate, constricted at the ends, pale.
lemon colour, with two irregular narrow greenish bands especially
noticeable on the ventral surface, smooth, polished except at the
ends where it is spirally grooved; apex closed ; aperture narrow
above, broadening below; columella descending obliquely, curved
outwards, produced; peristome simple, rising high above the
VeLLCX.
Altitude he er 25 aunt
Diam. oe” -
Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—I0
fathoms.
Atys neglecta, sp. nov.
Shell imperforate, elongately ovate, sub-cylindrical, rather
convex in the middle, greyish white, polished, smooth except at the
ends where several grooves appear; apex closed; aperture very
narrow above, moderately wide below ; columella oblique ; peris-
tome broadly thickened, bent slightly inwards, a little extended
above the vertex. ;
Altitude vr - 4 mm.
Diam., major .. oe 2
Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—r10
fathoms.
Atys pacet, sp nov.
Shell straight, cylindrical, semi-transparent white, sculptured
throughout with fine spiral striae, becoming more numerous and
closely set towards the base ; apex very narrowly perforate ; aper-
ture narrow above, dilated below ; columella obliquely arched ;
peristome simple, rising above the vertex.
Altitude Ae f'n:
Diam., major .. a Wer
Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—I10
fathoms.
Atys vixumbtilicata, sp. nov.
Shell ovate, narrowly perforate, pale yellowish horn colour,
very finely spirally striate and rather coarsely grooved towards the
ends ; apex closed ; aperture narrow above, broadening below;
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 18Q
columella descending obliquely ; peristome thickened, produced
above the vertex.
Altitude a ok 3°5 mm.
Diam. ae Mas ae 53
Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—10
fathoms..
Haminea callosa, sp. nov.
Shell ovate oblong, very narrowly perforate, yellowish horn
colour, thin, vitreous, marked with oblique transverse lines of
growth ; peristome simple ; aperture narrow, posteriorly elevated,
not greatly expanded anteriorly ; columella twisted at base, a
callus joining it with the lip above.
Altitude :e a 5) Sadi,
Diam.; major: < - oo O25 255
Aperture : diam., min. bs I Be
: Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7——ro
fathoms.
Terebra carnicolor, sp. nov.
Shell subulate, pale flesh colour, polished, shining ; remaining
whorls 15, sculptured with closely set longitudinal coste, crossed
neat the upper end bya slight spiral groove, thus forming an
infra-sutural crenate band; the interstices between the coste
spirally punctate, the punctations of the upper row being coarser
than the rest; aperture small, narrow; columella descending
rather obliquely ; peristome simple ; base of shell marked with three
revolving punctate grooves.
Altitude Me, Pog 22). tints
Diam., major ee: | e
Aperture, alt: .. oe 3 =
T'25 55
Ee dian. a
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Terebra rubyobrunnea, sp. nov.
Shell narrowly subulate, reddish brown; remaining whorls 21,
very flat, sculptured with oblique, rather closely set transverse
costee interrupted by spiral striae and two crenate sutural bands,
the upper of which is much the broader ; sutures scarcely impressed ;
columella descending ina curve, extending into a thick, projecting
callus which joins the lip above; peristome sinuous, slightly re-
flexed ; aperture narrowly ovate ; canal short, re-curved.
Altitude =f oA Tm,
Diam. major -~.. Ae Ot De
Aperture, alt... FO Gee,
2 wy
uM Ciaitien oe
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
190 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. (Vor, At
Allied to T. fesestrata, Hinds'; the transverse coste in the
present species are, however, closer together and not so coatse, the
spiral strize are also more numerous and not so well defined.
Terebva umicolor, sp. nov.
Shell rather bluntly, elongately subulate, pale brownish orange
throughout ; remaining whorls 17, sculptured with a coarse infra-
sutural spiral crenate rib and five smaller spiral crenate ribs, the
interstices finely punctate; aperture small; columella recurved,
twisted ; canal short.
Altitude e 3. «44 i
Diam., major .. so, 1 yeaa,
Aperture, alt. .. ee Or Ge
diam. 7 ee
dy
Habitat— Andaman Islands.
Allied to T. albomarginata, Desh., of which speciesI was at first,
inclined to consider it a variety, but its much blunter form, lack of
white edging to the whorls, coarser ribbing and finer punctation
lead me to think that it is specifically distinct.
Conus edwardt, sp. nov.
S
Shell turbinate, coronate, white, the upper whorls tesselated
with reddish brown; the body whorl painted with four irregular
bands of bright reddish brown, the first much interrupted, the
intervening spaces streaked, tesselated and very indistinctly lined
with the same colour, faintly and regularly spirally striate; spire
bluntly exserted ; interior of shell whitish, except at the base where
the reddish brown colouring is again apparent.
Altitude i sa) oO) tid.
Diam., major .. 25, 2am ng
Aperture, alt. .. oe On ae
Mi diam., minor ve 3B
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Allied to Conus zonatus, Hwass; it is, however, narrower and
less pyriform in shape, the spire is mote exserted and the beautiful
reddish brown colouring readily distinguishes it from that well-
known species, in which the bands are purplish gray, and which is
so conspicuously lined with orange.
Pleurotoma rvimata, sp. nov.
Shell turreted, yellowish brown ; whorls 11, the upper bearing
two spiral ridges between which is a row of coarse tubercies,
the intervening spaces sculptured with minute spiral and trans-
verse striae, the last whorl bearing five spiral liree in addition to the
! Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 153 -
igo8. | Records of the Indian Museum. 191
row of tubercles between the first two of these ; base of shell coarsely
spirally lirate; aperture oval; peristome reflexed, especially round
the sinus ; sinus broad and rather deep; columella lip expanded,
erect, forming an umbilical fissure between it and the base of the
shell ; canal rather long, slightly reflexed upwards at base.
Altitude oa! ae 25)5, tii,
Diam., major .. i’ 10 ns
Aperture, alt. ee
+) diam. 5 bP)
Habitat—Andaman Tetand=
Allied to Pleurotoma acutigemmata, Smith, which has also been
recorded fromthe Andamans'; itis, however, broader at the peri-
phery, more sharply turreted, and possesses a much longer canal ;
the reflexed peristome in the region of the sinus and the expansion
of the columella also easily distinguish it from that species.
Dyrillia fraga, sp. nov.
Shell elongately fusiform, deep reddish brown; remaining
whorls 7, rather flat, sculptured with regular closely set rows of
small white tubercles and bearing a single infra-sutural row of
coarser tubercles between which and the remaining smaller rows
there is a broad but shallow groove ; sutures impressed ; aperture
obliquely ovate ; canal short.
Altitude - .. 22 mm.
Diam., major .. 8
rb ee Nd nian ene
>)
In many respects resembling Drillia digitalis, Reeve, trom the
Philippines ; it is, however, separable from that species by its more
acutely fusiform shape and flatter whorls ; the rows of tubercles are
also placed further apart and at more regular intervals.
Drillia stkest, sp. nov.
Shell solid, imperforate, acuminately fusiform, chalky white,
painted with a broad, pale brown, infra-peripheral band ; whorls Io,
the upper much eroded, the lower bearing a row of coarse tubercles
at the periphery ; columella descending abruptly, solid, white ;
sinus broad; peristome thin and irregularly serrated : ‘aperture
oval ; interior of shell white.
Altitude a
4 (Minor. : 2 =
Aperture, alt. 1°75. 3s
oe diam. I
Habitat—-Andaman Islands.
Rissoina sculpturata, sp. nov.
Shell decollate, fusiform, solid, whitish ; remaining whorls 43,
very flat, sculptured with transverse ribs interrupted by spiral ridges
presenting a coarsely cancellate appearance ; sutures scarcely de-
fined ; aperture ovate, oblique; peristome varicosely thickened ;
columella descending obliquely and extending into a callus which
joins the lip above.
1908. | Records of the [ndian Museum.
199
Altitude St 2. 45, mm:
Diam., major .. 22s
Aperture, alt... ee i -
Be diam. 5
Habitat—Off Port Blair, aia ‘Islands, 7--10
fathoms.
Rissoina warnejordi@, sp. nov.
Shell small, fusiform, yellowish white ; whorls 74, rather convex,
the first two smooth, shining, the remainder transversely ribbed
and finely, spirally ridged, presenting a coarsely punctate appearance
between the ribs; sutures impressed ; aperture obliquely ovate ;
peristome simple ; columella descending rather obliquely. .
Altitude oe wee --O7 56 atin,
Diam., major .. ad) yaa
Habitat—Ofi Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—10
fathoms.
Narica depressa, sp. nov.
Shell depressed, white, solid ; whorls 3, sculptured with closely
set, oblique, arcuate coste, crossed by fine liree, presenting a can-
cellate appearance; umbilical area smooth; umbilicus wide and
deep ; aperture oval; peristome continuous, simple, except in the
umbilical region where it is slightly reflexed.
Altitude i 75 iam:
Diain.; imajor- =. neat oy,
A Peniite, alt wr a. re 58.53
xi diam. 8 7
Habitat—Andaman elaade.
Eulima balteata, sp. nov.
Shell acuminately pyramidal, solid, slightly distorted by curved,
polished, grevish white, bearing a broad band of pure white above
the sutures and at the periphery of the body-whorl ; whorls 15 ;
sutures scarcely impressed ; aperture obliquely lunate; a callosity
extending from the columella to the lip above.
Altitude 2, +. “6°75 mm:
Diam.,; major .. in RT 5%
Wperture, alt. =. es TSE eke
re diam. 5 bs
Habitat—Andaman Tees.
Styloptygma andamanensts, sp. Nov.
Shell subulate, greyish white, painted with an indistinct whitish ,
infra-sutural, spiral band, semi-transparent ; whorls 10, marked
200 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. [ VoL. EA tae
Diam., major ; oc.
Aperture, alt. .. oh en
diam. .
SCT ree ear een alands.
Leptothyra solida, sp. nov.
Shell globosely turbonate, very solid, narrowly perforate,
rather flat at the apex, yellowish white, transversely streaked with
small blotches of reddish brown ; whorls 34, spirally lirate through-
out ; sutures impressed ; peristome simple; aperture sub-circular ;
operculum shelly, slightly concave, pauci-spiral with a central
nucleus.
Altitude ing 22. 2°5- mim
Diam., major .. a .
Aperture salt; 4.1 eS cer
‘5 diam. I
Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman’ Islands, 7—I10
fathoms.
1908. | Records of the Indian ALuseum. 201
Gibbula ahena, sp. nov.
Shell turbinately conical, angled at the periphery, dark bronze
colour, painted with oblique, transverse, thin, yellowish white lines,
a row of cream-coloured spots encircling the umbilical area ; whorls
4, finely, spirally striate above; base of shell bearing several
spiral liree which are crossed by fine, transverse strie; sutures
impressed ; umbilicus deep and fairly wide; columella arched;
peristome simple; aperture sub-ovate; operculum horny, multi-
spiral, with a central nucleus.
Altitude ae fo a4 5 tn,
Diam, 1atOr |. ee eee
Aperture, alt. =; ee” na
5 diam. es; ee
Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—10
fathoms.
Allied to G. phedra, Melvill, from the Mekran Coast; the spire
is, however, more obtuse and the sculpture coarser below and
finer above; the whorls are also more convex than is the case in
G. phedra.
Gibbula cen, sp. nov.
Shell perforate, turbinately conical, yellowish grey; whorls
5, shouldered above, flattish below, sculptured with coarse spiral
liree crossed by transverse striz, presenting a cancellate appearance ;
sutures not very well defined; umbilicus rather broad, deep;
aperture sub-circular ; edge of peristome acute, a thickening appear-
ing just within the aperture.
Altitude ae a 98°50" mM:
Diam., major .. fe $3925. os.
Aperttre, alt... 25. ie,
diam. ae is
Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—Io0
fathoms.
Margarita ponsonbyt, sp. nov.
Shell small, globosely depressed, pale greenish, iridescent,
white, painted with oblique, interrupted bands of dark green ;
whorls 4, very finely, spirally striate, and transversely marked
with lines of growth; sutures impressed; umbilicus narrow,
partly concealed by the projection of the columella; columella
arched ; peristome acute , aperture almost circular.
Altitude - Le 2375, 1m.
Diam., major .. mee 425s
Aperture,.alt. .. as 22a en
diam. 2
Habitat—Off Port Blair, “Andaman ‘Islands, 7—10
fathoms.
202 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. [VOL:SE
An extremely beautiful little species and easily distinguished
from any other member of the group. Just inside the aperture
appear two shelly ridges, probably the remains of the outer lip
at past rest periods.
Solariella dulcissima, sp. nov.
Shell depressedly conoid, somewhat obtusely keeled, white,
painted above with large blotches of crimson, narrow radiating
bands of the white ground colour appearing at irregular intervals
between these; base of shell painted with rows of dark crimson
dashes and flecked with spots and blotches of a lighter shade of
the same colour between the rows and towards the periphery ;
whorls 44, sculptured throughout with very fine, spiral lira crossed
by minute transverse strie giving a finely granular appearance to
the shell ; sutures impressed ; umbilicus moderately wide, bordered
by two coarse whitish ribs, the lower and coarser of which is
nodulous; aperture roundly ovate; peristome simple; interior of
shell iridescent, spirally striate.
Altitude 4 mim.
Diam., major .. me 10875 as
Aperture, alt. 3 a
a diam. SUN hoe oer.
Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—I10
fathoms.
A comparison may be made between this species and
S. variabtlis, A. Ad.; itis, however, thinner in texture, flatter and
more keeled at the periphery; the umbilicus is also narrower and
the general sculpture is much finer than in S. varzabilis.
Stomatella crenulata, sp. nov.
Shell roundly auriform, somewhat depressed, pale pinkish
yellow, mottled with oblique streaks and blotches of crimson fading
to red and green; whorls 5, sculptured with light spiral ridges; the
interstices marked with fine, wavy, spiral striz except on the base
of the shell where these last are absent, both crossed with transverse
striee presenting a slightly beaded or granular appearance; sutures
crenulate above, incised below; columella descending obliquely in
a rounded curve; umbilical region surrounded by a broad white
callus; peristome acute; interior of shell highly iridescent.
Altitude = 4.012) (mim:
Diam.; major .. LON Sea
- minor .. Lee 52ers:
Aperture, alt. .. 2. «IO
55 diam. © Eso:
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
1908. | Records of the Indian ALluseum. 203
Macroschisma elegans, sp. nov.
Shell oblong, yellowish white, rayed and blotched with rose
colour, cancellated with concentric and transverse strie, the latter
becoming much coarser anteriorly ; fissure straight below, narrow-
ing towards the apex, a wide, shallow, white channel leading from
it to the posterior margin; peristome acute anteriorly, thick
posteriorly and laterally.
Altitude ne gee 3225 Tal:
Diam., major .. tx LO
eines Gee Sim LoS
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
d)
Lucapinella gaylorde, sp. nov.
Shell oblong ovate, laterally contracted, posteriorly somewhat
dilated, greenish white, irregularly rayed with blackish brown,
roughly sculptured with scaly radiate ribs and concentric grooves :
fissure ovate, contracted near both ends; peristome laterally blunt,
acute at the ends ; interior of shell white ; callus-rim of fissure thick ,
crenulate.
Diam., major .. .. 10775 mm.
eo MetnInOT ee 525 hy)
Altitude
”
Acme@a semicornea, sp. nov.
Shell semicorneous, depressedly conical, irregularly subquadrate,
pale yellowish brown, sculptured with fine radiating transverse ribs
crossed by concentric strize, presenting a very finely cancellate
appearance; edge of peristome finely crenulate; apex simple,
placed slightly to one side ; anterior end of shell shortened ; posterior
end broadly produced.
Altitude 2a nin
Diam: major ~~. tet) 3
- MMOr |e ne eel
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Allied to Sutura fluviatilis, Blanf.,' from the delta of the Irra-
wady river; the apex of the present species is, however, less central,
the sculpture is much finer and more cancellate, the general texture
is also more horny and the peristome is crenulate, which does not
appear to be the case in S. fluviatzlis.
Of three young specimens of this species in the British Museum
labelled ‘‘ Andaman Islands,” and presented by Colonel L.. Worthing-
ton Wilmer, one bears traces of being rayed with rusty brown, a
1 Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxxvi, pt. 2, 1867; p. 62; pl. ii, figs. 2—4.
204 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. [VOrall,
character which is quite absent in the remaining two and in those
in the Warneford collection. There is also a note attached to the
British Museum specimens stating that they were found attached to
Mytilus, but there is no means of ascertaining how Mr. Warneford’s
specimens were actually obtained.
Chlamys andamanicus, sp. nov.
Shell ovate, nearly equilateral, bright orange colour throughout,
streaked and flecked especially on the upper part of the shell with
white, both valves bearing about 60 fine, closely set, scaly riblets ;
auricule small, very unequal, the anterior large, curved below,
the posterior sloping obliquely, both sculptured with scaly riblets.
Long. ee ba? #05) inline
Lat. Nd i Ge 75ee
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Modtola cymbula, sp. nov.
Shell elongately trapezoidal, pale yellowish brown, except at
posterior end of ventral surface where it is of a pale reddish chest-
nut colour, concentrically striate with lines of growth, the pos-
terior ventral surface longitudinally wrinkled; anterior lateral
margin almost straight; posterior lateral margin sloped ; ventral
margin contracted towards the middle; umboes small, purple; in-
terior of shell pale flesh colour, rapidly deepening to purple and
blackish purple towards the dorsal region.
Long. ea oe) 22o25 mains
Lat. = set) ied Fe
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Modiola zebra, sp. nov.
Shell mytiliform, curved, red elegantly rayed with bluish
black inequidistant stripes, stained and polished with rich chestnut
at the posterior side of the ventral margin, concentrically striate
with irregular lines of growth; posterior side short, contracted ;
anterior side fan shaped ; umboes high, narrow, whitish.
Long. Sg S24 #35 tt
Lat. ee! ape
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Allied to M. gubernaculum, Dunk.,' of which the habitat is
unknown ; it is, however, more elongately oblong, and the system of
painting is quite different ; the umboes also are much narrower and
higher and do not show the purple colouring so conspicuous in that
species.
| Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 361.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 205
Barbatia cancellata, sp. nov.
Shell acuminately ovate, very inequilateral, gaping towards
the anterior side, sculptured with oblique transverse ribs and
somewhat distant concentric ridges, covered with a yellowish
brown periostracum, a tuft of bristly hairs appearing posteriorly
at the points of contact of the transverse ribs and concentric
ridges ; anterior side somewhat truncate; posterior side produced,
roundly acuminate; dorsal margin straight; ventral margin
anteriorly very oblique, posteriorly rounded ; umboes broad, rather
prominent.
Long. ae yo -£3.. “mim.
Lat. ai fe 2A Ay,
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Crassatella radiata, Sow., var. obsoleta, var. nov.
Differing from the typical form in almost totally lacking the
coloured rays which are so conspicuous a character of the species ;
in the present variety these only appear as indistinct spots and
small blotches of a pale rusty red.
Habitat— Andaman Islands.
Kellia mirabilis, sp. nov.
Right valve oblong-subquadrate, rather tumid, inequilateral,
yellowish white, with a broad bluish white central oblique band
extending from the umboes to the ventral margin, sculptured
throughout with wavy punctate ridges presenting a curious and
beautifully fine, granular appearance ; anterior side rather short,
rounded ; posterior side more angularly rounded ; ventral margin
straight.
Long. ae soe IT mm.
Lat. 2 15°25
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
9)
It is impossible to adequately describe the wonderful sculp-
ture of this shell which is so striking in every way and so widely
different from any hitherto described species of the genus, that
I have considered the single valve represented in the Warneford
collection worthy of special notice and description.
Scintilla citrina, sp. nov.
Shell oval, translucent, pale lemon colour, concentrically
striate with lines of growth, faintly scratched with very fine trans-
verse strie ; anterior side rounded ; posterior side slightly acumi-
nate below ; lateral margin sloped ; umboes small but prominent.
Long. = - 7a) Tim
at: oi Pe 0)
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
”
200 H. B. PRESTON:: New species of Shells. [VoLeaL,
Scintilla elongata, sp. nov.
Shell oblong-elongate, nearly equilateral, rather convex, gaping
in the middle, concentrically striate, polished, semi-transparent
white, minutely freckled throughout with opaque milk-white spots ;
anterior side rounded ; posterior side somewhat angularly rounded ;
dorsal margin straight ; ventral margin contracted in the middle.
Long. ae ae 6 mm.
Lat. a ie 13
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Scintilla perplexa, sp. nov.
Shell oblong, nearly closed, semi-transparent, cream colour,
finely, concentrically striate and bearing traces of very fine
oblique, transverse striz; anterior side obtusely angled ; posterior
side rather larger than anterior side, somewhat squarely rounded,
expanded above and more inflated.
Long. ux so 7 min.
Lat. os iy maka) Ea Ga
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
1)
Scintilla translucida, sp. nov.
Shell roundly ovate, moderately compressed, very thin,
transparent, marked with very minute transverse strize and con-
centric lines of growth, some of which are milky white; slightly
gaping at both ends; umboes small, nearly central.
Long. we « Lt mm.
Lat...s: ay a sul © Les
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Allied to S. jukest, Desh., from Australia; the present species
is, however, much thinner, more transparent and more roundly
ovate; it is also polished, whereas S. jukest is quite dull and
opaque.
Hemicardium hystrix, Reeve, var. brevispinosa, var. nov.
Distinguished from the typical form by its much shorter and
more closely set spines, and by the absence of the scarlet lines in
the interstices between the ribs ; the pink colouring is also confined
to the extreme umbonal region and lateral margins.
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
All the specimens examined from the Andamans are identical!
in these respects, and it appears to be a well-marked local variety.
1908. | Records of the Indian ALfuseum. 20
a
Tapes albomarginata, sp. nov.
Shell ovate, flesh coloured, obsoletely rayed with purple,
sculptured with regular, prominent, raised lire; anterior side
somewhat angularly rounded; posterior side almost truncately
obtuse; dorsal margins gently sloped ; lateral and ventral margins
creamy white; umboes small, white, stained with pale, livid
purple.
Long. a ...- 24° mm.
Lat. bi era sat
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Batissa capillata, sp. nov.
Shell sub-trigonal, inequilateral, thick, rather inflated, covered
with a dark, brownish black periostracum except in the umbonal
region where erosion has taken place, sculptured with coarse,
irregular, concentric growth-lines which are obliquely crossed
posteriorly with coarse hair-like ridges; anterior side somewhat
angularly rounded; posterior side slightly produced, obscurely
angled; ventral margin rounded; ligament large, prominent ;
cardinal teeth broad and very coarse; anterior lateral teeth elon-
gated, finely striate; interior of shell purplish white, the purple
staining deepening posteriorly.
Long. si 2.74 mot;
Lat. ae ea
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
>
Diplodonta insulsa, sp. nov.
Shell obliquely sub-ovate, yellowish white, marked with fine,
concentric growth-lines ; anterior side obliquely rounded ; posterior
side rounded; dorsal margins gently sloped; ventral margin
rounded ; umboes small, not prominent.
Long. a aoe Oye atte
Tat. ae Re (0)
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
2:9:
Donax nuxfagus, sp. nov.
Shell elongately oblong, yellowish flesh coloured, sculptured
with fine, closely set transverse striz and posteriorly with irregular,
concentric grooves disappearing towards the middle of the shell ;
anterior side produced, rounded; posterior side acuminately
rounded ; anterior lateral margin gently sloped ; posterior lateral
margin more abruptly sloped ; ventral margin undulately rounded ;
umboes rather large, livid purple.
Long. x se 30,2 mam:
Lat. a 430 Seo eae
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
208 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. [Vouetl,
Donax tiesenhausent, sp. nov.
Shell wedge shaped, yellowish, rayed with greyish purple,
sculptured with very fine, concentric striz and fine nearly obsolete
transverse strize, both becoming so much coarser posteriorly as to
give that part of the shell a cancellate appearance; anterior side
produced, obtusely rounded; posterior side abruptly truncate ;
anterior lateral margin gently, concavely sloped; posterior lateral
margin arched ; ventral margin straight ; umboes white.
Long. a Wewar eke nachos
Lat. oe yeti i) md
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Donax trigonalts, sp. nov.
Shell almost trigonal, convex, very truncate, pale bluish
flesh colour, tinged posteriorly with livid purple, partly covered
with a thin, yellowish periostracum, sculptured with fine concentric
lines of growth and posteriorly with fine longitudinal striae which
become gradually coarser, giving to this part of the shell a cancellate
appearance ; anterior lateral margin sloped; posterior margin des-
cending very abruptly; ventral margin rounded ; umboes large, but
not prominent; interior of shell pale flesh colour, changing to
blackish purple in places.
Long. es: Ae SOom stati:
Lat. a ee
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
339
This species differs from Donax incarnatus, Chem., to which it
appears to be most nearly related, by its more truncate form, more
rounded ventral and straighter posterior margins.
Psammobia obtusa, sp. nov.
Shell ovately transverse, pale mauve, blotched and mottled
with a darker shade of the same colour and rayed with interrupted
bands of reddish violet, sculptured throughout with fine, con-
centric striz and oblique ridges which appear as irregular, waved
plications posteriorly ; posterior side obtusely angled; anterior side
rounded ; umboes central ; interior of shell mauve throughout.
Long. Se i. 32445 Ts
Tat: ee ue 2 a
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
The present species at first sight recalls P. ornata, Desh. ; it is,
however, broader, shorter and more blunt on both sides than is that
species, the mauve colour also easily distinguishes it from P. ornata,
which is of a yellowish white colour; the coloration of the interior
is also remarkable.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 209
Novaculina andamanensis, sp. nov.
Shell oblong, elongate, inequilateral, constricted towards the
middle, pure white, bearing traces of having been covered with a
yellowish brown periostracum, concentrically striate; dorsal margin
slightly sloped anteriorly ; ventral margin excavated in the middle,
anterior side rounded; posterior side produced, somewhat angled
below; umboes small.
Long. = ae, 10550011.
Lat. se ae BBs oa
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Tellina cancellata, sp. nov.
Shell white, roundly ovate, sculptured with fine, radiate ribs
and concentric ridges presenting a delicately cancellate appearance ;
posterior side slightly acuminate ; anterior side rounded.
Long. fa = 2O?5 Ini,
Teas es oe 7
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
This species may be separated from S. pretiosa, Desh. (=costata,
Sow.), its nearest relation, by its more oval form, less pointed
postetior side and much finer and more delicate sculpture.
Tellina incisa, sp. nov.
Shell elongately oval, white, discoloured towards the umbona
region with reddish yellow, shining, slightly iridescent, sculptured
with concentric lines of growth and indistinct, irregular transverse
strie; anterior side somewhat acuminate; posterior side bluntly
beaked below, concavely truncate above, a notch appearing just
above the termination of the beak which is stained a ferruginous
brown; umboes small, inconspicuous.
Long. ae ge) see 9 Wi:
Lat. re Se 08 76s gee
Habitat— Andaman Islands.
Tellina jousseaumet, sp. Nov.
Shell roundly ovate, sub-equilateral, nearly equivalve, the left
valve somewhat compressed, chalky white, bearing traces of a
pale, greenish brown periostracum, marked with rather coarse con-
centric lines of growth and very fine, transverse striz ; anterior
side rounded; posterior side more sharply rounded, flexuous,
obtusely angled above ; umboes small, central.
Long. ae ee -932°5. am.
iat ne
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
oY
210 HH: B. PRESTON? New speciesof Shells. (VOL. 1),-1908.)
Tellina magnifica, sp. nov.
Shell oblong ovate, white, polished, shining, inequilateral,
concentrically striate with lines of growth crossed by fine, trans-
verse oblique strize, presenting a very finely cancellate appearance,
especially in those regions which border on the lower and lateral
margins of the right valve; anterior side acuminately rounded ;
posterior side produced, flexuous, rostrate; ventral margin
slightly rounded ; umboes small, rose coloured.
Long. or Eg net: Ue senaauenk
Lat: eas 505 Ia 7D i)
Habitat—Andaman Islands.
Strigilla densestriata, sp. nov.
Shell sub-trigonal, slightly inequivalve, cream coloured,
slightly flexuous posteriorly, sculptured on both valves anteriorly
with concentric grooves, centrally with very fine, concentric striz,
crossed by fine oblique transverse grooves, and posteriorly with
very fine, transverse striz, and concentric grooves, the latter
becoming much coarser near the margin ; posterior margin descend-
ing obliquely and rather abruptly ; anterior margin less abrupt ;
ventral margin rounded ; umboes small.
Long. a se) VA05 yn
Pat: a Pe By .
Habitat— Andaman Islands.
PE I SN tN eG
Fic.
H
S)
iT,
OoOnN DU AWD 4
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.
. Rissoina angusta.
. Rissoina cylindrica.
Rissoina leeta.
. Rissoina pupiniformis.
. Rissoina sculpturata.
. Rissoina warnefordie.
. Nassa gerstenbrandti.
Nassa jucunda.
. Nassa tristis.
. Styloptygma andaman-
ensis.
Sitala denselii ata.
Fic.
20;
. Margarita ponsonbyi.
. Risella balteata.
. Solariella dulcissima.
. Stomatella crenulata.
. Tapes albomarginata.
. Modiola zebra.
. Modiola cymbula.
. Chlamys andamanicus.
Strigilla densestriata.
20A. Strigilla densestriata
21.
(sculpture magnified).
Tornatina conspicua.
PLATE XIV,
Rec. Inp. Mus., Vou. II, 1908.
eS
TSde tense Lae
ra cae
renee aN
enna
esi
ANDAMAN SHELLS:
. Melania expatriata.
. Mangilia obtusa.
. Mangilia andamanensis.
. Mangilia exasperata.
. Clathurella selli.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.
2. Melania charon. Fie.
. Melania multistriata.
. Conus edwardi.
> Fe |
. Columbella suavis.
. Haminia callosa.
. Lucapinella gaylorde.
. Macroschisma elegans.
34. Drillia fraga.
_ Drillid sikesi.
. Eulima balteata.
37:
Gyrineum wilmeriana.
Fie. 38. Menestho acuminata.
PLATE XY:
i)
-m
Rec. IND. Mus., Vou. II, 1908.
34.
ANDAMAN SHELLS.
EXPLANATION
. Batissa capillata.
. Novaculina andaman-
ensis.
. Psammobia obtusa.
. Gibbula cceni.
. Gibbula ahena.
. Leptothyra solida.
. Narica depressa.
. Acmezea semicornea.
. Barbatia cancellata.
. Kellia mirabilis.
OF
Pre:
PLATE XVI.
48A; Kellia mirabilis
(sculpture magnified).
. Alaba warnefordiana.
. Atys convexa.
. Atys neglecta.
. Atys pacei.
. Atys vixumbilicata.
. Diplodonta insulsa.
. Donax nuxfagus.
. Donax tiesenhauseni.
. Donax trigonalis.
REc.
I
Renee:
4
iS
IND. Mus., Vou. II, 1908.
aS
<
fares ERS ae
AORN
a Laeengcs
AN DAMAN
SiLELLS,
PLATE XVI.
Fig. 58. Tellina cancellata.
2:
Fic. 64
58A. Tellina cancellata ,, 65.
(sculpture magnified). ,, 66.
59. Tellina incisa. fe 7:
60. Tellina jousseaumel. », 68
61. Tellina magnifica. OO:
62. Pleurotoma rimata. 5 70:
63. Terebra carnicolor. spe ay bee
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.
. Terebra rubrobrunnea.
Terebra unicolor.
Turbonilla foveolata.
Mitra warnefordiana.
Mitra emiliz.
Scintilla translucida.
Scintilla citrina.
Scintilla elongata.
Fie. 72. Scintilla perplexa.
PEAbe vais
Rec. Inv. Mus., Vou. II. 1908.
ANDAMAN SHELLS.
ae ’ : ; :
; th ; : ; :
ie
\
. ; ae :
; \
s . -
, 1 7
a ; 7
: A
, : &
:
; 4
A
eos va ‘ == .
‘ 7 : :
; \
re {
; :
. ‘eZ
i
= m
‘
i :
ERRATA.
Page 249, line 5 from bottom. For “‘ figs. 2 and 3” read “‘ figs.
2 and I.”
253, under “Mishmi average” and opposite ‘‘ Length of
horn.) lor -° 57, ..7eaa: "500,"
+”
XT Ahr AUNA] OF BRACKISH: -PONDS
AT PORT, CANNING, LOWER: BENGAL.
PART X.—DECAPOD CRUSTACEA, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF A SMALL,
COLLECTION FROM BRACKISH WATER NEAR CALCUTTA AND
IN THE Dacca District, EASTERN BENGAL,
By Dr. J. G. DE Man, Ierseke, Holland.
The collection of Decapod Crustacea, chiefly gathered in
brackish water ponds at Port Canning, comprises eleven species,
three of which are new to science. Very interesting are also the
numerous specimens of Palemon lamarret, H. M. Edw., a species
that, since its first description in 1837, did no more appear in
literature, or that has been misunderstood.
The collected species are the following :—
Scylla serrata (Forsk.), de Haan.
Tympanomerus stapletont, sp. nov.
Pachygrapsus propinquus, sp. nov.
Varuna litterata (Fabr.), M. Edw.
Metaplax dentipes (Heller).
Leander, sp.
Palemon (Eupbalemon) lamarret, H. M. Edw.
Palemon, sp.
Caridina, sp.
Caridina propinqua, sp. nov.
Candina nilotica (Roux), var. bengalensis, vat. nov.
The last-mentioned species is described in another paper, which
appears at p. 255 of this Journal, entitled ‘‘ On Caridina nilotica
(Roux) and its varieties.”
1. Scylla serrata (Forsk.), de Haan.
Scylla serrata (Forsk.), de Haan, Alcock, ‘‘ Materials for a Car-
cinological Fauna of India,” No. 4, pt. ii, Calcutta, 1899, p. 27
(ubt synon.).
Two young males and a female of medium size from Port Can-
ning (estuary of the Matla River). |
The carapace of the female is 95 mm. broad and 64 mm. long.
Outer angle of the wrist of the chelipedes with one small spine.
In the smaller of the two males the last antero-lateral spine of the
carapace is distinctly larger than the rest ; the distance between the
tips of these teeth, 7.e., the greatest breadth of the carapace, mea-
212. J. G. pE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vot. II,
sures 20 mm., whereas it is 13°3 mm. long without the abdomen.
Frontal lobes rounded, little prominent. In the other male, the
carapace of which is 38 mm. broad and 25°5 mm. long, the last
antero-lateral tooth is hardly larger than the rest and the four frontal
lobes are already triangular, the lateral lobes being subacute. In
this specimen the anterior margin of the right chelipede carries
four spines, that of the left, as usually, three; in both males
there is also but one small spine on the outer side of the wrist.
2. Tympanomerus stapletom, sp. nov.
(Plate xviii, fig. 1.)
Forty-seven males and fifteen females, four of which are egg-
bearing. They were collected by Mr. H. E. Stapleton in the Dacca
District from a tidal river, the water of which is more or less brackish
throughout the year.
Reg. No. S137,
IO
As has already been observed by Col. Alcock (Journal A static
Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix, pt. ti, No. 3, I9g00, p. 371) the name Tym-
panomerus is a most unfortunate one, for, both in Tymp. orientalis
(de M.) and in the present species, there are no tympana on the me-
ropodites of the ambulatory legs; it is only in Tymp. pusillus (de
Haan), from Japan, that small tympana exist on the meropodites
of the last pair of legs. Specimens of Tymp. ortentalis and Tymbp.
pusillus are lying before me. Tymp. stapletont is intermediate in
size between the two other species; it is somewhat larger than Tymp.
orientalis but it does not attain the size of Tymp. pusillus.
Both in the male and in the female the distance between the outer
orbital angles is one-fifth longer than the length of the carapace,
the epistome excluded. From the middle of the cardiac region the
upper surface gradually slopes down towards the fronto-orbital
margin and towards the moderately deflexed front. As in the two
other species, the intestinal region, which is smooth and obliquely
deflexed downward, is bounded anteriorly by a transverse ridge that
runs between the coxee of the fifth pair of legs; the intestinal area
appears in Tymp. stapletoni higher (longer) in proportion to its
breadth than in the two other species. Whereas in Tymp. staple-
tont the transverse ridge runs quite parallel with the posterior
margin of the carapace, it curves, laterally, a little backward in
Tymp. pusillus; the posterior margin of the carapace measures,
in Tymp. stapletont, two-thirds the distance between the outer orbital
angles. The other regions are not or very indistinctly defined.
Somewhat nearer to the transverse ridge just described than to a
line uniting the outer angles of the orbits, the shallow, transverse,
median part of the cervical groove is situated, which median part
is interrupted in the middle. The depressed upper surface is
marked with transverse, symmetrically arranged, short, impressed
lines, which are more numerous on the lateral regions than on the
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 213
gastric area; they are wanting on the deflexed, somewhat pubes-
cent, branchial regions and near the transverse, intestinal ridge.
On the lateral regions of the carapace these lines are situated on
transverse, pubescent ridges and prominences with crenulated
margins. The anterior margin of the front measures one-fourth
the distance between the outer orbital angles, and reaches in the
middle further forward than at its rounded lateral angles; the
lateral margins of the front are first slightly directed inward and
then pass with a regular curve into the sinuous, transverse, upper
margin of the orbits. The upper surface of the front is broadly
and rather deeply grooved in the middle, whereas the lateral parts
carry five or six oblique, impressed lines at either side.
The orbits are transverse as in Tymp. orientalis and almost
once and a half as broad as the front. The antero-lateral portion
of the lateral borders of the carapace, formed by the extraorbital
and by the epibranchial tooth, slightly diverges, whereas the postero-
lateral portion slightly converges backward. ‘The outer margin of
the extraorbital tooth is at a right angle with the upper orbital
margin, so that the extraorbital tooth is not very sharp and moder-
ately prominent. The epibranchial tooth, hardly discernible
when the carapace is looked at from above, appears, in a lateral
view of the latter (fig. Ic), as a tooth larger than the extraorbital
one, from which it is separated by a deep, vertical notch, the an-
terior margin of the epibranchial tooth being at a right angle with
the outer margin of the other. Whereas the margins of the extra-
orbital and of the epibranchial tooth are rather sharp and con-
tinuous, the postero-lateral margins are often interrupted and
appear therefore ill defined; the oblique, ciliated line on the sides of
the carapace is directed towards the posterior end of the epibran-
chial tooth. In Tymp. pusillus the postero-lateral margin is well
defined and the epibranchial tooth is obtuse, but quite visible from
above, as it projects laterally beyond the small extraorbital tooth ;
this is also the case in Tym. orientalis, but the divergent, antero-
lateral margin is here much longer, and the oblique, ciliated line
runs to the middle of the lateral border of the carapace (compare
de Man, Zoolog. Jahrb. (Spengel), iv, 1889, p. 448).
Eye peduncles stout, smooth, transverse ; eyes terminal. An-
tennules folding obliquely. Lobe or tooth on the posterior margin
of the epistome triangular, acute, very prominent. Lower margin
of the orbits finely serrated, running nearly as in Tymp. pusillus,
but less prominent; no tooth therefore at the outer angle, as is
observed in Tymp. orientalis. Pterygostomian region finely granu-
lated and ciliated, as in Tymp. pusillus, but the lower, oblique
groove that runs from the antero-external angle of the buccal
frame obliquely backward, is very shallow and situated nearer to
the lower orbital margin than to the lateral margin of the buccal
frame, whereas in Tymp. pusillus it runs farther distant from the
orbital margin than from the buccal frame.
Posterior margin of the buccal frame (fig. 10) once and a half
as broad as the distance between its antero-external angles, and
214 J. G. DE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou. II,
measuring two-thirds the greatest width. External maxillipeds
shutting closely together. Ischium alittle broader than long, its
antero-internal angle produced, antero-external corner situated
lower than the rest of the surface and bounded by a hairy line
that runs obliquely from the outer margin to the antero-internal
angle. Merus a little longer than the ischium and, though slightly
broader than long, hardly as broad as the latter; this joint is
sculptured with a sort of Y-shaped sulcus starting from the antero-
external angle, as in Tymp. orientalis, but the outer branch is
shorter and reaches hardly beyond the middle of the joint. Car-
pus ovate, concave, two last joints cylindrical. The outer margin
of merus and ischium combined is regularly arcuate. Exognath
completely concealed.
Sternum and abdomen are smooth. The abdomen (fig. Id)
of the male, which somewhat more resembles that of Tymp. orientalis
than that of Tymp. pusillus, is 7-jointed. ‘The terminal or seventh
segment is, in the adult male, 1°5 mm. long,' and its posterior
margin is 1°35 mm. broad ; the lateral margins are a little concave
and the tip is rounded. ‘The penultimate segment, I°I mm. long,
is a little shorter than the terminal, and as its lateral margins are
convex, it presents its greatest breadth of 1°88 mm. in the middle,
appearing almost twice as broad as long. The fifth joint is 1°52
mm. long, 7.e., as long as the terminal segment, and, being strongly con-
stricted just behind the middle, appears time-glass-shaped ; the anterior
margin of this joint is 1°6 mm. broad, the posterior 1°72 mm. and at
the constriction it is 1° mm. broad. ‘The fourth joint is 0°96 mm.
long, two-thirds of the preceding and its straight, posterior margin,
2°52 mm. broad, is 24-times as broad as this joint is long. The
third joint is 1°14 mm. long, a little longer than the fourth, and, as
its margins are somewhat arcuate, it is 3°1 mm. broad, also two
and a half times as broad as long, like the preceding segment. The
second segment is very short, 0°62 mm. long, half as long as the
third and 2°76 mm. broad. ‘The first joint, finally, is the shortest
and the broadest of all, 0°32 mm. long and 3°2 mm. broad; the
posterior margin of the sternum, however, between the coxe of the
fifth legs, is 446 mm. broad.
The broad abdomen of the female much resembles that of Tymp.
pusillus;; the terminal joint, which is rounded at the tip, is 1°04 mm.
long and its posterior margin is I°9 mm. broad.
Chelipedes equal both in the male and in the female. The
chelipedes of the male (fig. 1) more resemble those of Tymp.
pbusillus (de Haan) than those of Tym. orientalis; they are just
twice the length of the carapace and are thus rather short. The
margins of the arm are unarmed, but they are granular, especially
the upper one, the outer surface is nearly smooth, though a few
microscopical granules are scattered on it, mostly near the upper
margin ; the granules are only visible by means of alens. The upper
surface of the carpal joints, which resemble those of Tymp. pusillus,
1 All the joints are measured in the middle.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 215
is smooth, their inner border is unarmed but microscopically granu-
lar, and one observes also a tuft of hair on the inner side just below
the inner margin. Measured horizontally, the length (6-4 mm.)
of the chelee (fig. Ie) appears equal to that of the carapace, whereas
the fingers, measuring one-third that length, appear half as long as
the palm ; the palm, 4'4 mm. long and 3 mm. high, isa little longer
than high and the chele are, therefore, twice as long as high. The
very finely granulated upper margin of the palm is obtuse, but
in Tymp. pusillus the upper margin appears slightly compressed ;
the convex, outer surface of the palm is nearly smooth, but the
rounded lower border appears again very finely granular, when
examined under a lens, and this fine granulation extends nearly to
the end of the immobile finger. Like the outer, so also the inner
surface of the palm is marked with dark reticulate lines; on the
inner surface these lines are finely granular. The straight, upper
margin of the very oblique dactylus is also finely granular, but the
granules are wanting along the middle line; the outer surface is
slightly convex, smooth, somewhat punctate, and the prehensile
edge carries eleven or twelve small teeth of equal size along its
whole length. In Tymp. pusillus the outer side of the immobile
finger is obtusely carinate longitudinally, though the granulate
carina does not reach to the tip; in 7ymp. stapletoni this carina
is hardly discernible and the outer side of the finger is smooth ; the
immobile finger which is in a line with the lower margin of the
palm is also finely denticulate like the dactylus. -The fingers, which
have slightly excavated tips, are, in younger males, comparatively
longer.
The chelipedes of the female that are shorter than the legs,
resemble those of Tymp. pusillus ; the chelee are half as long as the
length of the carapace and the fingers that have broad-tipped,
spoon-shaped extremities are slightly longer than the palm; the
immobile finger is carinate longitudinally on its outer side.
The two middle pairs of ambulatory legs are a little longer than
the others ; in the adult male the legs of the antepenultimate pair
are just twice as long as the distance between the outer orbital
angles. Tymp. stapletont is a species 7m which the meropodites carry
no trace at all of “ tympana,”’ and proves more than any other the
unfitness of the name of the genus: The meropodites are moder-
ately dilated, so, e.g., are those of the antepenultimate pair little
more than twice as long as broad, being 5 mm. long and 2°25 mm.
broad in the middle. Their unarmed upper margin is granulated,
and on the meropodites of the three first pairs the granules extend
almost to the middle of the outer surface, but those of the last pair
are nearly smooth; the lower margin is also finely granulated.
The two following joints are less strongly compressed than those of
Tymp. pusillus and are smooth, though somewhat punctate; finally,
the terminal joints, which are compressed laterally, are a little
shorter than the propodites.
Eggs very numerous, small, globular, 0'28—o°3 mm. broad.
Upper surface of the carapace dark blue, chelipedes and legs
216 J. G. pe Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou II,
marbled with partly reticulate, darker lines on a pale, olivaceous
ground-colour ; fingers ochraceous towards the tip. Ischium and
posterior part of the merus of the outer foot-jaws and adjacent parts
of the pterygostomian region whitish. Sternum and abdomen
mottled with very small, dark points.
Measurements in millimetres.
od oi Ovigerous
Distance between the outer orbital Q
angles Sen 9 re Ve OPO. as
Greatest breadth of carapace .. 9 S449 6°5
Length of carapace, without epi-
stome se O04 6 5I 5
Length of the chelipedes 13 jag ee ag A ee oe
Length of the antepenultimatelegs 15 1475 9 9°5
3. Pachygrapsus propinquus, sp. nov.
(Plate xviii, fig. 2.)
A young male and a somewhat larger, sterile female from
brackish water pools at Port Canning, Lower Bengal.
Carapace quadrangular, the distance between the outer orbital
angles being one-third greater than the length. Upper surface
depressed, very slightly arched transversely and longitudinally.
Cervical groove quite distinct, interrupted at either side of the
transverse median part, which is a little arcuate and placed imme-
diately behind the middle. For the rest the regions are not defined,
except the posterior cardiac area, which is indistinctly separated by
shallow grooves from the branchial regions. Lateral margins of
the carapace moderately convergent posteriorly, slightly concave
in the middle, with no tooth or spine behind the acute outer orbital
angles, that are directed outward. Branchial regions with eight or
nine oblique, linear ridges, that barely extend on to the horizontal
part of the upper surface; there is but a single transverse ridge
on the hepatic regions, about midway between the orbits and the
lateral parts of the cervical groove.
Front little more than half as broad as the distance between
the outer orbital angles; it is strongly deflexed, though it is still
partly visible when the carapace is looked at from above. Frontal
lobes four in number, rounded, little prominent; lateral lobes a little
broader than the internal ones; lower margin of the front very
slightly concave in the middle, as in Pach. minutus. Anterior half
of the gastric region and frontal lobes with numerous, transverse
markings that are continued on to the front ; the rest of the upper
surface perfectly smooth. Posterior margin of the carapace about
three-fourths the breadth of the front. .
Orbits moderately oblique, eye-peduncles nearly smooth.
Lower margin of the orbits sharp ; opposite the basal part of the
eye-peduncle, between its base and the cornea, the infraorbital
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 217
margin is divided into three or four small obtuse teeth and the
arcuate, inner part appears somewhat uneven; the outer part of
the margin carries a small, rounded notch not far from the outer
orbital angle, and appears for the rest entire. Between the crenulate
anterior margin of the buccal cavity and the arcuate, inner part
of the infraorbital margin one observes a small, obtuse, dentiform
lobe, at some distance from the anterolateral angle of the buccal
cavity ; in Pach, minutus this lobe is broader, transverse, almost
contiguous to the antero-lateral angle of the buccal cavity and
nearly in a line with the anterior margin of the latter. Subhepatic
and subbranchial regions smooth, though pubescent. Lobe or tooth
near the arcuate, inner part of the orbital margin triangular, sub-
acute, separated by a rather broad hiatus from the front.
External maxillipeds (fig. 2a) as in Pach. minutus, a male
specimen of which from the Bay of Batavia is lying before me; in-
ner margin of the ischium straight (in Pach. levis, Borr., concave),
merus slightly broader than long, little shorter than the ischium, its
inner angle obtuse, less produced than in Pach. levis. Terminal
segment (fig. 2b) of the male abdomen obtuse, almost as long as
broad at base and distinctly longer than the penultimate segment ;
sternum and abdomen smooth.
Outer and inner sides of the merus of the right chelipede (the
left is wanting in both specimens) furnished with transverse, squami-
form, pubescent ridges, lower margin denticulate and with a sharp
spine at the far end; anterior margin with a large, acute spine
distally, followed on the distal margin by two smaller ones and
preceded by three or four very small, acute teeth. Upper surface
of the carpus with transverse and oblique ridges and with a small
acute spine at the inner angle. Chela (fig. 2c) less convex than
in Pach. minutus, upper margin of the palm with finely granular,
oblique ridges, outer surface very finely granular, the granules
only visible through a lens; astrong longitudinal ridge runs from near
the tip of the immobile finger until near the carpal articulation;
lower side of the palm with oblique markings and ridges. Fingers a
little shorter than the palm, dactylus granular above and at its
base, outer side of the fingers and lower margin of the index smooth ;
tips of the fingers spoon-like, glabrous.
Ambulatory legs (fig. 2) slenderer than those of Pach. minutus.
Meri with transverse ridges on their outer surface and with an acute
tooth above ; the meri of the first pair are armed with two strong
spines at the far end of their lower margin, those of the two middle
legs with three and those of the last pair also with two, but on the
three posterior legs these teeth are smaller than the two spines
with which the lower margin of the meri of the Ist pair is armed.
The three last joints are bristly and the dactyli, which are slightly
curved at the acuminate tips, are but little shorter than the
propodites.
Pachygrapsus levis, Borr., from Funafuti (Proc. Zool. Soc.,
L900, p.. 592, pl. xiii, fig.: 7). is ne doubt difterent. ~-Of the ‘sitigle
female on which this species was founded, the distance between the
‘218 J. G. p—E Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vox II,
outer orbital angles should be 7°5 mm., the length 6 mm., but the
abdomen is apparently included, for, according to the figure, the
length appears to be 5 mm., so that in this species the carapace
is broader in proportion to its length, being just once and a half as
broad as long. The frontal lobes are seven in number, the front
is broader and the external maxillipeds are also different.
Pachygrapsus longipes, Rathb. (Proc. National Museum, xvi,
1893, p. 247, and Bull. U. S. Fish Commission for 1903, Wash., 1906,
p. 840, pl. villi, fig. 7), from Honolulu, appears to resemble very
much Pach. planifrons, de.Man, from the Bay of Batavia (Archiv.
f. Naturg., bd. 53, 1888; p. 368, pl. xvi, fig. 2), but it is quite
remarkable that neither Miss Rathbun nor Dr. Borradaile make
mention of this species.' Unfortunately Miss Rathbun does not
say whether, in Pach. longipes, the front is deflexed or not, but in
the figure, published in 1906, the front resembles that of Pach.
planifrons. According to this figure the propodal joints of the
ambulatory legs should be slenderer than those of our species from
Port Canning, so, ¢.g., the propodites of the penultimate pair appear,
in that figure, four times as long as broad ; in the larger specimen
of Pach. propinquus, however, these joints are three times as long as
broad, v1z., 5 mm. long (measured along their posterior margin) and
16 mm. broad. I therefore suppose this Hawaiian form to be
distinct from the species of the brackish pools at Port Canning.
The slate-coloured upper surface of the carapace, and the red-brown
legs are mottled with sma!l dark spots. Measurements of the two
specimens in millimetres—
Distance between the outer orbital angles .. 10°7 8°3
eneth. of carapace: ::. ee: es hea 6°25
Breadth of front: .. ae on ao 4°4
Breadth of posterior margin of carapace .. 4°5 3°5
4. Varuna litterata (Fabr.), M. Edw.
Varuna litterata (Fabr.), M. Edw., Alcock, /.c., No. 6, 1900,
Dsc401,
Port Canning, brackish water pools, January 28—30, 1906,
collected by Dr. N. Annandale, four males, two females (Reg.
No. 215 ; Nov. 12, 1906, nine males, three females).
10
Backergunge, seven males, nine females, collected by H. E.
Stapleton (Reg. No. ey
Dhappa, near Calcutta, slightly brackish water, twenty-eight
males, two females.
All the specimens are young, the largest being a female from
| I wish to call attention to the fact that in vol. xxv of the Zoological Record
for 1888 my paper on the Crustacea collected by Dr. Brock (Archiv. f. Naturg.,
bd. 53, 1888) was mentioned in the List of Publications but not in the Systematic Part.
The Zoological Recovd should not have been entrusted to such regardless authors.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 219
Port Canning, the carapace of which is 23 mm. long. The anterior
margin of the front is straight or very slightly coneave. ‘The speci-
mens gathered at Dhappa are the youngest of all, the carapace of
the smallest being hardly 4 mm. long.
5. Metaplax dentipes (Heller).
Helice dentipes, Heller, Crustaceen der Novara-Reise, 1865, p. 62,
ply; fig..'5¢
Metaplax dentipes, de Man, in Journal Linnean Soc., xxii,
1888, p. 162, pl. xi, figs. r—3 ; Alcock, l.c., 1899, p. 433.
A male and a female, both adult, from brackish water pools
at Port Canning.
The carapace of the male is 27°5 mm. broad and 20 mm.
long, the epistome excluded. The infraorbital ridge consists of
23 lobules, that are quite typical. The penultimate segment of
the abdomen is 3°5 mm. long, its anterior margin is 3°25 mm. broad,
the posterior 5 mm., whereas the antepenultimate joint is 3 mm.
long and the terminal joint as much.
The musical crest does not reach to the middle of the anterior
margin of the arm and does not extend as far as the ischium ; ina
younger male from the Mergui Archipelago, lying before me, the
crest is placed on the middle third of the anterior margin, conform-
ably with my description of 1888; in this male the carapace is Ig mm.
broad and 13°5 mm. long. The chelipedes of this male from Port
Canning are equal, the chele are 26 mm. long, the palm 16°5 mm.
long and 10°5 mm. high; the length of the palm is in proportion to
its height as 13: 8°3, according to my paper of 1888 this proportion
should be 13: 94 for Met. dentipes and 13: 8 for Met. distinctus,
H. M. Edw. The chelz closely resemble, indeed, those of the latter
species (de Man, /.c., pl. 10, fig. 9), as regards their shape and the
serrations of the fingers.
The carapace of the female is 22 mm. broad and 16°5 mm. long,
the infraorbital ridge consists of 23 lobules and hardly reaches beyond
the lower margin of the orbits. The chelipedes are equal, 21 mm.
long, almost as long as the carapace is broad; the two lower mar-
gins of the arm are finely denticulate, the outer surface granular,
the upper margin hairy. Upper surface of the wrist minutely granu-
lar; chele 10 mm. long, about three times as long as high, fingers
a little longer than the palm, the outer surface of which is minutely
granular. In my work on the Crustacea collected by Capt. Storm
I have pointed out that the ambulatory legs of Met. elegans, de
M., are slenderer in the male than in the female (Zoolog. Jahrb.
(Spengel), viii, Abth. f. Svst. 1895, p. 506); the same difference is
presented by the male and female of Met. dentipes, the ambu-
latory legs being much slenderer in the male than in the female. So,
e.g., are the legs of the penultimate pair of the male 56 mm. long,
those of the female 41 mm., about twice as long as the carapace
is broad; the meropodites of these legs are, in the male, 20 mm.
long and 5°3 mm, broad; in the female, however, 14°5 mm. long
220 J. G. DE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. ([Vot. II,
and 5°5 mm. broad, appearing, in the latter, considerably broader
than in the male ; the following joints are also slenderer in the male.
The upper margin of the meropodites of the four ambulatory legs
is armed, in the female, with an acute tooth near the distal end and
this tooth is preceded, on the antepenultimate and penultimate
pairs, by nine or ten smaller teeth that gradually become smaller.
In the adult male the subdistal tooth is present on the meropodites
of the four legs, but it is comparatively smaller than in the female,
and the teeth that precede it, on the antepenultimate and penulti-
mate pairs, are quite rudimentary, hardly recognizable. The
ambulatory legs of the male are everywhere tomentose, in the
female the mero- and carpopodites are nearly glabrous.
Geographical distribution: Ceylon (Heller), Mergui Archipe-
lago (de Man), banks of the Hooghly, the mud-flats of Arakan,
Tenasserim, and Mergui (Alcock).
6. Leander, sp.
(Plate xvili, fig. 3.)
Seventy specimens from Dhappa, near Calcutta, collected in
slightly brackish water.
These specimens are all young, the largest are 23 or 24 mm.
long from tip of rostrum to end of telson, but the majority are
still younger and of different size. They belong to the group of
L. styliferus, M. Edw.=longirosiris, H. M. Edw. (Hist. Nat. Crust.,
ii, p. 394), L. tenutpes, Hend., L. japonicus, Ortm., L. carinatus,
Ortm., L. hastatus, Auriv., etc., but they show differences from all
these species. I stutppose, however, that these differences are
juventle characters and I therefore do not wish to describe these
specimens as a new species, for probably they will later prove to
belong either to L. stvliferus or to L. tenuipes, the former of which
inhabits an estuary of the Ganges, the Sunderbunds, Mergui, the Gulf
of Martaban and Karachi, while the second has also been observed
in the Gulf of Martaban, at Madras and at Bombay.
The rostrum, the distal half of which is upturned, exceeds
the antennal scales by one-third or one-fourth of its length, but in
the youngest individuals it hardly reaches beyond them. The
basal crest, which reaches to the end of the first joint of the
antennular peduncle or to the middle of the second, is usually armed
with six, more rarely with seven or five teeth ; these teeth are equti-
distant or the first is a little farther distant from the second than
the following from each other, and the first tooth is situated just
above the orbital margin or, just behind it, on the carapace. There
is but one apical tooth; only in one specimen was a trace of a
second observed by means of the microscope; the lower margin
carries usually five, more rarely six or four teeth; in the youngest
specimens there are often only three. |
Branchiostegal spine a little larger than the antennal spine.
Abdominal segments not carinate ; in one of the largest specimens,
the carapace of which is 9 mm. long, the rostrum included, and 3°9
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 221
mm. without it, the sixth segment of the abdomen is 2°4 mm. long,
almost two-thirds the length of the carapace without the rostrum.
The telson (fig. 3), distinctly longer than the sixth segment, reaches
almost to the level of the spine on the outer margin of the exopodite
of the caudal fin; the strongly tapering telson terminates in a
slender, acute, median point or spine, the short, subterminal, outer
spinules hardly reach to the middle of the median spine, but the
inner spinules are almost twice as long as the median point. The two
pairs of spinules on the upper surface are situated on its posterior
half.
The shortest of the three antennular flagella extends by one-
third of its length beyond the antennal scales. The spine at the
outer margin of the antennal scales, is placed near the obtuse,
oblique tip of the blade; the distance between the extremity of
the blade and the tip of the spine measures only 7-4 the length of
the outer margin of the scale.
The legs of the first pair are slightly shorter than the antennal
scales ; carpus and merus are of equal length and one-fifth or one-
sixth longer than the chela (fig. 3a), which is four times as long as
broad, and the fingers of which are a little longer than the palm.
In one of the largest specimens the merus of first legsis I°4 mm. long,
the carpus 1°45 mm.; the chela is 1'2 mm. long and 0'29 mm. broad.
The legs of the second pair are equal and extend with the fin-
gers beyond the antennal scales (fig. 30). Merus a little broader,
but slightly shorter than the ischium, together as long as the chela.
The carpus, which gradually thickens distally, measures two-thirds
the length of the ischium and appears also distinctly shorter than
the merus; its thickness at the distal end is about one-fourth its
length. The chela much resembles that of L. tenuipes, Hend. (Hen-
derson, ‘‘A Contribution to Indian Carcinology,” 1893, pl. 40,
fig. 14). The chela appears, in the largest specimens, just as long as
the carapace without the rostrum; the palm, which is somewhat
inflated, is very slightly longer, but much thicker than the carpus,
whereas the elongate, slender fingers are once and two-thirds as long
as the palm ; the fingers have sharp cutting edges, but no teeth, and
their apices are strongly curved inward; the palm appears in the
middle once and a half as thick as the distal end of the carpus.
The whole leg seems to be smooth. In one of the largest speci-
mens ischium, merus, carpus, palm and fingers are respectively
2°04 mm., 1°75 mm., 1°36 mm., 1°46 mm. and 2°4 mm. long;
in a younger specimen, about 17 mm. long, these numbers are,
in the same order, 1°16 mm., I°'4 mm., 1°02 mm., 1°02 mm., and
1°74 mm., the palm appearing here just as long as the carpus.
The three other legs are very slender and in the largest speci-
mens reach slightly beyond the antennal scales. The measure-
ments of a leg of the fifth pair (fig. 3c) of a specimen 18 mm. long
are as follows: merus 1°86 mm. long and o'14 mm. broad,
13 times as long as broad; carpus 0°85 mm. long, propodus 2 mm.
long and o'r mm. broad in the middle, 20 times as long as broad ;
dactylus 0°85 mm. long, o’r mm. broad near the propodal articulation,
222 J. G. DE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou II,
and regularly tapering to the acuminate point which is slightly
curved inward.
The adult L. styliferus, H. M. Edw., differs according to Hen-
derson’s description (/.c., p. 439) by the following: There are
often two or three apical teeth on the rostrum, the lower margin
of which is armed with 7—-I0 teeth. The last four abdominal seg-
ments are dorsally more or less carinated. The distal spine on
the outer margin of the antennal scale is placed farther distant
from the apex, the distance equalling nearly one-third of the total
length of the outer margin. The palm of the chele of the second
legs should be sulcate on its outer side, the sulcus bounded by two
ridges.
The adult L. tenuipes, Hend., differs at first sight by the merus
of the second legs that has twice the length of the ischium and
that has an ill-defined sulcus on its upper surface. The apex of
the telson is described as blunt, but may perhaps have been worn
off as is often the case. ‘The shortest of the antennular flagella
does not reach the end of the antennal scales.
7, Palemon (Eupalemon) lamarre:, H. M. Edw.
(Plate xix, fig. 4.)
Palemon lamarret, H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés, ii,
1837, P- 397:
Nec: Palemon lamarret, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea,
Dp. 171.
Nec: Palemon lamarre:, Ortmann, in Zool. Jahrb., v, Abth. f.
Syst. 1890, p. 701, taf. xlvit, fig. 2.
Twenty-five specimens from brackish water pools at Port Can-
ning, Lower Bengal, collected by Dr. N. Annandale, 28—3oth
January, 1900.
Thirty-nine specimens from Calcutta (Museum tank, fresh
water), collected 19th December, 1g06.
These specimens, though very numerous, are all young, the
largest specimen from Port Canning being 38°5 mm. long from tip
of rostrum to end of telson; the largest individual from Calcutta
is 30°5 mm. long, the rest are all of a smaller size. The fact that
no adult specimens have been gathered is so much the more to be
regretted, because they apparently belong to Pal. lamarrei, M.
Edw., a species which since its first description does no more ap-
pear in literature or has been misunderstood.
I have already pointed out (‘‘ Notes from the Ireyden Museum,’
i, 1879, p. 166) that a species described by de Haan as Pal.
lamarret was identical with Pal. amazonicus, Heller, from South Amer-
ica, but the existence of this species in Japan has not been con-
firmed as far as I am aware. |
Without any ground Dr. Ortmann (/.c.) declared the localities
mentioned by Milne Edwards and by de Haan as false, and, there-
fore, described Heller’s species under the name of Pal. lamarrev.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 223
Henderson (‘‘A Contribution to Indian Carcinology,’’ 1893,
p. 442) regards Pal. lamarret as being merely the young of Pal.
carcinus (Fabr.), and by Lanchester Pal. lamarret is regarded as a
variety of Pal. carcinus (‘Annals and Mag. Nat. History,” ser. 7,
vol. vi, 1900, p. 263 and “* Proc? Zool--Soc.”’ London, Igo01,
p. 565).
The rostrum, that exceeds the antennal scales in the largest
specimen by one-third, in the younger individuals by one-fourth of
its length, whereas in the youngest specimens it barely reaches
beyond them, is upturned distally and presents, as regards its
toothing, a great variation. In 21 specimens from Port Canning
the following toothing was observed :—
7+1+2 onespeci- . 5+I+1 onespeci- 5+1+2 one speci-
) 8 4
men. men. vas men,
6+14+1 7A 5+2
9 3) pe} +) a 3) o)5) I) 7 ’ +) 3)
742 Tee 5E
8 2) bjp) 3) 7 d 3) 3) 7 ) bP pie)
7+1+1 7+4 742
8 ) d) d) 7 ) d) ) 6 ) d) 3
7+1 6+2 6+1
ee a5 ‘5 ae three specimens. aya) ae
cas two specimens. , oe specimen. ae apts
In 35 specimens from Calcutta the toothing was as follows :—
Sees one specimen. eae one specimen. Srinka : wince ad
9 8 7 mens,
oiaee 7+? two specimens, 9+I+I one speci-
Gia ©s 4 8 * in which the oe men
{ip is broken.
Tisies 5 = Onis? one specimen. ouEe Pte
9 3. 7 mens.
Q+2 6-F1 8+I+I one speci-
8°? ” ” ae ” ”) 6 y men.
8+2 8+1+2 8+2
8 J oJ) a y ») 213) +) 6 Bb) +) +)
Biel J+I+? one speci- 8+1
Re? ” B35) 7 ? men, in 6° y: ”)
which the tip
is broken.
—_ - 5 a, three specimens. ce Sure aks
— three specimens. , . i ae ee
These numbers prove that there are proximally in most cases
7 or 6, more rarely 8 and exceptionally 9g or 5 upper teeth, that
224 J. G. pE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. |Vot, II,
specimens with one apical tooth are as numerous as those the ros-
trum of which carries two apical teeth, and that the lower margin
usually is armed with 7 or 8, rarely with 6 or g teeth. According
to Milne Edwards the rostrum should carry 6 or 7 upper teeth
proximally and as many on the lower margin, but it is remarkable
that he makes no mention at all of the apical tooth or teeth. Gene-
rally the two first teeth are placed on the carapace, only in two
specimens from Calcutta one tooth is placed on the carapace, and
in a single specimen from the same locality the three first teeth
are placed uponit. The apical tooth or teeth, which are much smaller
than those on the proximal part of the upper margin, are usually
separated from the latter by a long smooth interspace, which is as
long as the distance between the foremost proximal tooth and the
anterior margin of the carapace, rarely somewhat shorter than
that distance ; rarely, 7.e., in 11 out of 56 specimens, the foremost
proximal tooth is placed on the smooth interspace, about midway
between the preceding and the apical teeth. In the largest specimen
from Port Canning (fig. 4), the rostrum of which presents the
5rit2
toothing formula , the foremost proximal tooth of the
upper margin is placed just above the first of the lower, immediately
infrontof the distal end of the first joint of the antennular peduncle;
in other individuals the foremost proximal tooth is situated more
or less in front of the first tooth of the lower margin ; the proximal
teeth of the upper as well as those of the lower margin are equi-
distant, and the former are larger than the latter. The rostrum.
is moderately broadened at the level of the first tooth of the lower
margin and the latter appears a little concave at the base.
Several specimens of Pal. carcinus from the Kutei river,
Borneo (Siboga Expedition), lie before me, amongst which are
several young ones, the youngest specimen being nearly 70 mm.
long, rostrum included. The rostrum of Pal. carcinus is narrower,
less broadened than in Pal. lamarrei, it reaches farther beyond
the antennal scales and the toothing is different ; of the twelve or
thirteen teeth of the upper margin the #hree first are placed on the
carapace, and there is wo long smooth interspace as in Pal. lamarret,
though the three or four teeth on the upturned part of the rostrum
are farther distant from each other than the proximal teeth; the
lower margin, finally, presents also a larger number of teeth, eleven
or twelve, which reach to near the tip.
The sixth segment of the abdomen (plate xix, fig. 5) is com-
paratively longer and broader in Pal. lamarret than in Pal. carcinus.
In the specimen of the latter species, which is 70 mm. in length,
the carapace, rostrum excluded, being 12 mm. long, the sixth seg-
ment is 5°5 mm. long and 4°3 mm. broad in the middle; in the
largest specimen of Pal. lamarrei, which has a length of 38°5 mm.,
the carapace of which, without the rostrum, being 6°8 mm. long, the
sixth segment of the abdomen is 3°9 mm. long and 2°4 mm. broad.
The slender telson (fig. 4d) apparently tapers less strongly
than that of Pal. carcinus (fig. 5a), but it reaches almost to the
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 225
end of the endopodite of the caudal fin; this is not the case in
Pal. carcinus ; the telson ends in an acute point which reaches
beyond the short, outer pair of subterminal spinules, whereas the
long, inner pair extends far beyond the median spine. The telson
is somewhat flattened on its posterior half, and the two pairs of
spinules on the upper surface are placed as in Pal. carcinus ; in
the largest specimen from Port Canning there are three spinules
on the left side and two on the right.
The shortest antennular flagellum which, as in Pal. carcinus, is
united with the outer for a very short distance, exceeds the antennal
scales by two-thirds of its length ; free end of the antennal scales
obtuse, reaching far beyond the outer spine. The third or distal
joint of the mandibular palp is once and a half as long as the second;
the third joint carries five sete, two of which at the distal end are
a little longer than the joint itself. External maxillipeds as in
Pal. carcinus, extending with half their terminal joint beyond the
tip of the antennal peduncle.
The first pair of legs reach to the spine at the far end of the
outer margin of the antennal scales. The slender carpus, which is
somewhat thickened distally, is one-fourth longer than the merus,
which is nine times as long as broad and broader than the carpus ;
the chela is almost half as long as the carpus, its length being to
that of the carpus as 4:9; the fingers are one-fourth longer than
the palm. In the largest specimen from Port Canning the merus
is 2°75 mm. long and 0°3 mm. broad; the carpus is 3°4 mm. long,
the chela 1°52 mm., the palm o-68 -mm., the fingers 0°84: mm. ;
in a specimen from Calcutta which is 29 mm. in length, the merus
is 2°3 mm. long and 0°23 mm. broad, just ten times as long as
broad; the carpus 2°7 mm. long, the chela 1°26 mm., the palm
0°62 mm., the fingers 0°64 mm.
The second legs (fig. 4e) project with one-fourth of their propo-
dites beyond the antennal scales and are twice as long as the cara-
pace, rostrum excluded. The merus measures one-fourth the whole
leg and is eleven times as long as broad ; the carpus, which has a
slenderer shape, and which thickens at the distal end, is just once
and a half as long as the merus, almost twice as long as the chela and
three tumes as long as the palm. ‘The palm (fig. 4/) is a little longer
than the fingers; it is a little broader than the distal extremity of
the carpus and once and a half as broad as thick, being slightly
compressed. Of the largest specimen from Port Canning, the cara-
pace of which is 6°75 mm. long without the rostrum, the merus is
3°35 mm. long and o'3 mm. broad; the carpus is 5°I mm. long,
the chela 2°97 mm., the palm 1°6 mm. and the fingers 1°37 mm.
In one of the largest specimens from Calcutta (carapace 4°8 mm.
long without the rostrum) the merus is 2°75 mm. long and o°2 mm.
broad, the carpus 3°9 mm. long, the chela 2:26 mm., the palm
115 mm., the fingers I°'II mm.; in a younger specimen from Calcutta
(carapace 3°7 mm. long without the rostrum) the merus is I°9 mm.
long and o'16 mm. broad, the carpus 2°75 mm. long, the chela
1°65 mm., the palm 0°84 mm., the fingers o°8r mm,
226 J. G..DpE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Voz II,
The following legs are slender, those of the fifth pair extend
with their dactyli beyond the antennal scales. In a young specimen
from Calcutta, which is 24 mm. in length, the legs of the fifth pair
show the following measurements : merus 2°66 mm. long and 17
times as long as broad, carpus 1°4 mm. long, propodus 3 mm. long
and o'rr mm. broad in the middle, dactylus 1 mm. long and just
as broad at the articulation as the preceding joint in the middle.
The propodite, much slenderer than the merus and thickening to-
wards the distal extremity, is just three times as long as the
dactylus, which is very slightly curved towards the extremity.
Pal. amazonicus, Heller, with which Pal. ensiculus, Smith, and
Pal, jelskit, Miers, are regarded as identical by Dr. Ortmann, is no
doubt a different species. Three specimens of de Haan’s Pal.
dieperinkit from Surinam (leyden Museum), a species identical
with Pal. amazonicus (de Man, ‘‘ Notes, Leyden Museum,” i, 1879,
p. 167) are lying before me. In this species the telson tapers to a
pointed extremity, whereas the lateral spinules do not reach the
tip; the two pairs of spinules on the upper surface are situated
more forward, the anterior pair being farther distant from the
tip of the telson than from its base. The rostrum is higher at its
base, though in this species also the two first teeth are on the cara-
pace. Unfortunately the three specimens are adult, the carapace
of the youngest, without the rostrum, being 21 mm. long, so that
Iam unable to compare the legs, the measurements of which show
other proportions than in very young specimens.
As regards Pal. carcinus, I wish to observe that in the young-
est specimen from the Kutei river the carpus (6°75 mm.) of the
second legs is but /ittle longer than the merus (5°5 mm.), slightly
shorter than the chela (7°25 mm.) and only once and a half as long as
the palm (4°25 mm.).
Geographical distribution : Coast of Bengal (H. M. Edw.).
8. Palemon, sp.
Two specimens from Dhappa, near Calcutta, slightly brackish
water.
The two specimens are of equal size, 17--18 mm. long from tip
of rostrum to end of telson; they are apparently very young and
the legs, especially those of the first and second pairs, are wanting,
so that I am unable to identify them with any known form.
The lanceolate rostrum is straight and barely reaches beyond
the antennal scales. In both specimens the rostrum is 43 dentate ;
the two first teeth are placed on the carapace and are once and a
half respectively almost twice as far distant from each other as the
second from the third; the following teeth are equidistant, but in
one specimen the tenth tooth is farther remote from the eleventh,
the distance between these two teeth being equal to the distance
between the eleventh tooth and the tip, in the other the ninth and
the tenth are farther distant than the preceding.
Body smooth. The telson tapers to a median point, far ex-
ceeded by the long, inner pair of subterminal spinules ; the anterior
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 227
pair of spinules on the upper surface is placed just in the middle
of the telson.
Prof. Henderson (“‘ A Contribution to Indian Carcinology,”’
1893) describes five species observed near Calcutta and in rivers of
India, but all seem to be different. Pal. altifrons differs by a shorter
and deeper rostrum, that of Pal. dayanus presents another toothing
ae ; in Pal. scabriculus the four to six first teeth are situated on
the carapace, Pal. dispar is probably also different and this is, of
course, also the case with Pal. carcinus.
g. Caridina, sp.
Three specimens which seem to belong either to Car. gractli-
rostvis, de M., or to Car. gracillima, Lanch., were gathered at Dhappa,
near Calcutta, in slightly brackish water. Unfortunately, the
rostrum is broken or incomplete at the tip and most of the legs are
wanting, so that it proved to be impossible to determine them
with certainty.
10. Caridina propinqua, sp. nov.
(Plate: xix, fig. 6.)
Five specimens of different size from Dhappa, near Calcutta,
collected in slightly brackish water. This species is closely related
to Car. syriaca, Bouv., from Syria, and still more to Car. fossarum,
Heller, from Persia, but is perhaps different.
The largest specimen is 20°5 mm. long from tip of rostrum to
tip of telson and all are devoid of eggs, so that these specimens are,
therefore, probably young.
In the largest specimen the rostrum, which just reaches beyond
the far end of the second joint of the antennular peduncles, pro-
jects at first straight forward to the middle and then turns slightly
downward. The upper margin is armed with 21 rather small
tecth that stand until near the tip ; the three first teeth are placed
on the carapace. On the slightly convex median part of the upper
margin the teeth are placed nearer together (fig. 6) ; the penulti-
mate tooth is a little farther distant from the antepenultimate than
the preceding, and the foremost tooth is still slightly farther distant
from the penultimate. The distance between the foremost tooth
and the acute tip of the rostrum is only one-tenth the length of
the rostrum proper, and not yet twice as long as the distance bet-
ween the foremost tooth and the penultimate. The rostrum, 3'1
mm. long from the tip to the anterior margin of the carapace and
0°46 mm. broad, not yet seven times as long as broad, appears a
little lower (less broad) than that of Car. syriaca (Bouvier, ‘‘ Obser-
vations notvelles sur les crevettes de la famille des Atyidés,” 1905,
p. 82, fig.6). The lower margin carries a single tooth that is smaller
than the teeth of the upper margin and placed at the anterior third
of the rostrum ; the anterior part of the lower margin between this
228 J. G. DE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vow. II,
tooth and the tip, which appears slightly concave in Car. syrtaca,
appears in Car. propinqua straight and the rostrum is proximally
less concave.
In another specimen nearly of the same size the rostrum of
which is broken off, four teeth are placed on the carapace. In the
third specimen, 19°5 mm. long, the rostrum is turned downward
from the base and reaches to the end of the second joint of the
antennular peduncle ; the rostrum—2’5 mm. long from the tip to
the anterior margin of the carapace and 0°4 mm. high (broad)—has
the same form as in the first specimen. The upper margin carries
17 equidistant teeth, four of which are placed on the carapace ;
the foremost tooth is farther remote from the acute tip than in the
preceding specimen, its distance from the tip is nearly one-sixth the
length of the rostrum proper and as long as the space occupied by
the four anterior teeth together. The lower margin carries two teeth
on its anterior half; these teeth, smaller again than those of the
upper margin, are situated just below the foremost and the pen-
ultimate tooth of the latter.
The fourth specimen is much younger, being 13°5 mm. long.
The rostrum, little longer than the first joint, rises at first a little
upward, but soon curves downward and has, therefore, another
shape than in the preceding specimens. ‘There are again 17 teeth
on the upper margin, four of which are on the carapace ; the distance
between the foremost tooth and the tip measures one-seventh the
length of the rostrum proper. The rostrum appears a little less
broad (high) than in the preceding specimens, its height being only
one-eighth of its length. There is but one small tooth on the
lower margin, situated just below the penultimate tooth of the
upper.
Unfortunately in the youngest specimen, 10 mm. long, the
tip of the rostrum is broken off, the existing part reaches quite
horizontally to the end of the first joint of the antennular peduncle
and carries 16 teeth, five of which are on the carapace; the lower
margin bears two teeth. The telson of the third specimen carries,
on the posterior third of its upper surface, two pairs of spinules,
the posterior spinule on the left side is wanting; the triangular
tip carries at either side four or five spinules, the first of which, at
the outer angles, is as usual the shortest, the second the longest,
o°3 mm. long, the third 0°24 mm. long, the fourth 0°16 mm. The
telson (fig. 6a) of the second specimen carries at its posterior extrem-
ity at the right side six, at the left seven spinules (fig. 60}, the
first small spine at the left angle being apparently supernumerary.
The upper surface carries two pairs of spinules, but one spinule at
the right side is wanting. ‘The telson of the largest specimen carries
three pairs of spinules above, the anterior pair placed somewhat
nearer to the base than to the tip of the telson.
Antennular peduncle reaching to the middle of the distal
spine of the antennal scales, shorter therefore than the latter.
The first joint, 7.e., the distance between the anterior margin of the
carapace and the far end of this joint, is slightly longer than the
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 229
two following joints taken together ; the second joint is little more
than half as long as the first and about three times as long as broad ;
the third joint measures three-fifths the length of the second. The
acuminate stylocerite reaches, as in Car. syviaca, almost to the end
of the first joint and diverges slightly outward; the spine at the
end of the outer margin of the first joint measures two-fifths the
length of the second. External maxillipeds reaching to the end
of the second joint of the antennular peduncle.
The legs of the first pair (fig. 6c) reach almost to the end of the
antennal peduncle. The carpus, which is one-third longer than the
merus, resembles that of Car. levis, Heller, and is 2°5—2°7 times as
long as broad distally ; its upper margin is slightly concave, the
lower straight, and it is just half as thick proximally as distally.
The chela, one-fourth longer than the carpus, is a little more than
twice as long as broad, and the fingers are once and a half to twice
as long as the palm.
The second legs (fig. 64) reach to the middle of the antennal
scales, projecting just beyond the antennal peduncles. The carpus,
once and a half as long as the merus, is moderately slender and
4°5--5°5 times as long as thick distally. The chela (fig. 6¢), shorter
than the carpus, is nearly three times as long as broad, the propor-
tion between length and breadth varying between 2°64 and 3°32;
the fingers are a little more than once and a half to twice as long
as the palm.
Merus of third legs nine times as long as broad and armed
near its lower margin with four spines which are 0'2I1 mm. long ;
the second spine is placed somewhat nearer to the proximal than
to the distal extremity, the first just midway between the second
and the proximal extremity, the third as far from the second as the
second from the first, the fourth near the distal extremity. There
is also a spine near the distal end of the carpus. The dactyli (fig. 6/)
measure barely one-third the length of the propodites ; they carry
five or six spines. In the third specimen, the rostrum of which
is 'f toothed, the dactyli are five times as long as broad and
armed with four spines, besides the terminal claw; the third is
separated by a long, smooth interspace from the penultimate spine,
probably abnormally, for, in the two larger specimens, the five or
six spines are arranged regularly as in other species.
The meropodites of the fourth legs are 8 times as long as broad
and armed with four spines near their lower margin, the fourth
being inserted near the distal end. The propodites, 13°6 times
as long as broad, are 3°6 times as long as the dactyli, that are almost
five times as long as broad ; the dactyli are armed with nine spines,
the terminal claw included.
Unfortunately, only in one specimen, the third, a fifth leg is pres-
ent, in the other specimens these legs are wanting. The meropo-
dite, I'4 mm. long, is 8 times as long as broad; there is a spine
o'r18 mm. long near the distal extremity of the lower margin.
Propodite 1°76 mm. long, about 14 times as long as broad; the
dactylus, almost six times as long as broad, measures two-fifths the
230 J. G. p—E Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vot. II,
length of the propodite and is armed with 48 spinules, the terminal
claw included. Caridina syriaca, Bouv., is at once distinguished by
the upper teeth of the rostrum, none of which are placed on the
carapace.
When the descriptions of Car. fossarum (Heller, in ‘‘ Sitzungs-
ber. K. Akad. Wiss.,” 1862, p. 411, and de Man, in Max Weber’s
‘* Zool. Ergebn. Reise Niederl. Ost-Indien,” ii, 1892, p. 397) are
compared, it becomes obvious that the Bengal species chiefly differs
by the lower margin of the rostrum presenting only I or 2 teeth
instead of 7—9. In the same paper (l.c., p. 377) I have, however,
pointed out that in Car. levis, Heller, a closely related species from
Java, the lower margin presents not only 3 teeth, as was described
by Heller, but sometimes 4 to 9, II or 15, though also a specimen
was observed from the same locality with 2 teeth and another in
which the lower margin carried only one tooth! ‘This great varia-
tion may also be proper to Car. propinqua, and in that case this
species should perhaps prove to be identical with Car. fossarum :
a further observation of specimens of the Bengal species appears
therefore necessary. Several ovigerous females of Car. levis,
Heller, from the freshwater lake Situ Bagendit, Java (de Man,
l.c., p. 376) are lying before me. This species may easily be distin-
guished by the legs of the first and of the second pair. The carpus
of the first legs closely resembles that of Car. propinqua, as it is also
two and a half times as long as broad, but the fingers are a little
shorter. The carpus (plate xix, fig. 7) of the second legs has a slen-
derer shape, being almost eight times as long as thick distally ; the
chief difference is, however, presented by the chela which has a much
slenderer form, being 4——4°7 times as long as broad (fig. 7a); in Car.
propinqua only about 3 times (fig. 6).
As regards the other legs the two species closely agree as is
proved by the measurements given below, and also by the following :
The meropodites of the third pair are about 9 times as long as
broad, there is a spine on the middle of the lower margin of the
ischium and three on that of the meropodites ; the second spine is
inserted a little nearer to the distal than to the proximal extremity,
the first just midway between the proximal extremity and the
second spine, the third near the distal extremity ; these spines are
o'2 mm. long. A similar spine occurs at the far end of the carpus.
The propodites carry 16—18 spinules along their lower margin ; the
dactyli are in the same proportion to the propodites as in Car.
propinqua, but they are armed with eight or nine spines.
The meropodites of the fifth pair are, in Car. levis, just 8
times as long as broad and one-fourth shorter than those of the
third ; the ischium has no spine, but there is a spine near the middle
of the lower margin of the meropodites and another not far from
the distal extremity. There is also a spine at the far end of the
carpus and three smaller spines between the former and the
proximal extremity. |
Car. hova, Nob., from Madagascar and Car. opaensis, Roux,
from Celebes are also related species. In the Madagascar species
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 231
the tip of the rostrum is slightly directed upward. The third joint
of the antennular peduncle is described as subequal to the second ;
the stylocerite reaches to the middle of the second joint. External
maxillipeds projecting beyond the antennal scales. The carpus of
first legs is more distinctly excavate and more regularly conical ;
the fingers are as long as or barely longer than the palm. The chela
of the second legs is ‘shorter j in proportion to the carpus, the dactyli
of the third pair measure one-fourth and those of the fifth barely
one-fifth of the propodite, appearing much shorter than in Car.
propinqua (Nobili, ‘‘ Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino,” xx, 1905, No. 499).
The rostrum of Car. opaensis, Roux, is also turned upward at the
tip and carries three or four teeth on the lower margin. The carpus
of the first legs is three times as long as thick distally and the fingers
ave slightly shorter than the palm ; those of the second legs, as also
the dactyli of the following, are shorter than those of Car.
propinqua (Roux, ‘‘ Décapodes d’eau douce de Célébes, Genéve,”’
1904, p. 547, figs. 8, 9 and Io).
A la a a OE a NN ec a
etm nes
whe oA
w
ah
Re
EXPLANATION OF PLATES XVIIL AND XTX.
Fic. 1.—Tympanomerus stapletont, sp. nov., adult male, x 3;
1a front viewed from above; 1) buccal frame and
external maxillipeds ; 1c lateral view of the antero-
lateral margin of the carapace ; Id abdomen ; Ie outer
view of the chela ; figs. ra——e all taken from the adult
male and all x 6.
2.—Pachygrapsus propinquus, sp. nov., female, x 3 ; 2a external
maxilliped of this female,x6; 2b three last segments
of the abdomen of the male,x6; 2c chela and carpus
of the right chelipede of the female, x 6.
3.-—Leander, sp., telson,x 25; 3a, 3b and 3c legs of the first,
of the second and of the fifth pair, each x 12}.
4.—Palemon (Eupalemon) lamarrei, H. M. Edw., carapace
and rostrum of the largest specimen from Port Can-
ning X 3; 4a extremity of the rostrum of this specimen
x25; 4b carapace and rostrum of a younger speci-
men from Calcutta, x3; 4c lateral view of the sixth
abdominal somite and telson of the largest specimen
from Port Canning, x5; 4d telson of a younger speci-
men from Calcutta,x 10; 4e leg of the second pair of
the largest specimen from Port Canning,x10 (the
chela being placed somewhat obliquely); 4/ chela of
this les. «x 17.
5. ei abdominal somite and telson of a young specimen,
long 70 mm. (rostrum included) of Pal. (Eupalemon)
carcinus, Fabr., from the river Kutei, Borneo x 5 ; 5a
telson of another young specimen, 75 mm. long, from
the same river, x 5.
6.—Caridina propingua, sp. nov., anterior part of carapace,
antennular and antennal peduncles, x12; 6a telson,
x12; 6b extremity of telson, x50; 6c leg of Ist pair,
x 25; 6d leg of second pair, x 17; 6¢ chela of this leg,
«x25; 6f dactylus of third leg,x50; all the figures
are taken from the largest specimen, except figs.
6a and 6b which are from the specimen the rostrum
of which is broken off.
7.—Caridina levis, Heller, from Java, leg of the second pair, x
17 ; 7a chela of this leg, x 25.
93
ry
Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. II. 1908. | Plate XVIII
3a. x |2%
J. G.de Man, del MFarlane & Erskine, Lith Fdin®
Fig.l, TYMPANOMERUS STAPLETONI np.
Fig.2, PACHYGRAPSUS PROPINQUUS n.sp. — Fig3, LEANDER sp.
+e :
serecicen carwijet- nataintiniviecensinen tvecestryerioniadho~ tab eeprom a snennniremneoenrenet at iran Hater er Tg MRT eee Ca car
mye et ee
Plate XIX,
Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. IJ. 1908.
th Edin?
M‘Forlene “Erskine, L
CINUS. Fabr
J.G. de Man. del.
PALAEMON LAMARREI H.M.Epw
Fig.6, CARIDINA PROPINQUA n.sp.
.5, PALAEMON CAR
Fig 7, GARIDINA LAEVIS. Heller
Dai
Fig 4,
ROGV. sl hie ht AU NEA Ol BRACKISH PONDS
A Pe ORC AN IEEN G VOW. Ro BBN GAL:
PART XI.--Two NEw MvySIDa& FROM BRACKISH WATER
IN THE GANGES DELTA.
By WALTER M. TATTERSALL, M.Sc.
I am indebted to the courtesy of Dr. J. G. de Man, to whom
I wish to express my thanks, for the-opportunity of examining and
describing the two species of Mysidee which form the subject of
the present note, The material was collected in brackish water
ponds near Calcutta by Dr. Nelson Annandale, who is making an
exhaustive study of the lacustrine fauna of Bengal. The majority
of the specimens belong to the interesting genus Macropsis, but
appear to differ in some points from the widely distributed and
hitherto only known species, M. slabbert, sufficiently to warrant
the establishment of a second species of that genus. The second
new form here described is represented by only nine specimens.
It belongs to the little known and somewhat obscure genus
Potamomysis, but after much hesitation, I have decided to insti-
tute a new species for its reception.
Sub-fam. MYSINA‘.
Genus PoTamMomysIs, Czerniavsky.
Potamomysis, Czerniavsky, Monog. Mysid. Imperiu Rosstct, fasc.
fp. 120.1002 * fase. 1, p75, 1683:
This genus was described by Czerniavsky in the monograph
referred to above, and has not since, so far as I am aware, been
met with. The type of the genus with its single species, P. pengor,
was a female, and I cannot gather from the text that Czerniavsky
ever examined male specimens. Yet in the two keys to the genera
of Myside which he gives on pages 57 and 62 of the first part of
his monograph, he places Potamomysis in that group of genera
characterised by having the first, second and fifth pleopods of the
male rudimentary as in the female, the third and fourth pairs
somewhat dissimilar from those of the female, but not truly
natatory.
If I am right in referring the present species to Potamomysis,
the position assigned to this genus in Czerniavsky’s keys is incorrect,
since the third, as well as the first, second and fifth pleopods of
234 W. M. TarrersaLL: Two new Myside. [Vou. IT,
the male, appears to be simple and rudimentary as in the female,
the genus thus agreeing in this respect with Neomysis and Diamysis.
The species here dealt with is otherwise so closely in agreement
with the general characters of Potamomysis pengor that for the pres-
ent I prefer to refer it to the same genus, which may therefore be
diagnosed as follows :—-
PoTaMOMYSIS, Czerniavsky.
Antennal scale long and narrow, subulate, ciliated all round,
two jointed.
Thoracic legs with the tarsus three to four jointed.
Telson short; apex entire, truncated, armed with numerous
spines ; lateral margins armed with short subequal spines along
their entire length ; no median apical sete.
Pleopods of the male; the first, second, third and fifth pairs
simple, uniramous and rudimentary as in the female; the fourth
pair with a short peduncle and innet ramus as is usual in the sub-
family Mysine, the outer ramus very long and slender, three
jointed, the terminal joint bearing two long spiniform ciliated fila-
ments and a single long smooth filament.
The genus is thus very closely allied to both Neomysis and
Diamysis, but the form of the telson suffices to distinguish it from
both, while male specimens are further distinguished by the form
and armature of the fourth pair of pleopods.
Potamomysts assimilis, sp. nov.
(Plate xxi, figs 1—8.)
General form (fig. 1) small, linear and compact.
Carapace (fig. I) covering all the thoracic segments but the last ;
only slightly produced in front into a small obtuse rostral projec-
tion ; antero-lateral corners apparently rounded.
Pleon (fig. 1) longer than the thorax; first five segments more
or less subequal in length; sixth segment one-and-a-half times as
long as the fifth.
Antennular peduncle (fig. 2) about half as long as the antennal
scale; basal joint the longest; second joint small; third joint
longer than the second and more robust, with a single plumose seta
at the inner distal corner; a similar seta at the inner distal corner
of the second joint, and at the outer distal corner of the third
joint.
Antennal peduncle (fig. 3) less than half as long as the scale,
with the terminal two joints subequal in length.
Antennal scale (fig. 3) equal in length to the last two segments
of the pleon, long and narrow, subulate in shape, about seven
times as long as broad, setose all round, two jointed, the second
joint equal to between one fourth and one fifth of the entire length
of the scale; spine on the outer corner of the basal joint well-
developed and acute.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 235
Eyes reaching to about the distal extremity of the basal joint
of the antennular peduncle; rather stout; cornea occupying the
entire distal part of the eye, pigment very black.
Mouth parts of the usual type in the Mysine, with no out-
standing feature of importance.
Thoracic legs (figs. 4, 5, 6); first and second without a distinct
dactylus ; third to eighth with the tarsus equal in length to the
merus and three jointed in all but the eighth, where it is four
jointed.
Telson (fig. 7) about two-thirds of the length of the last seg-
ment of the pleon, and rather longer than broad at its base; apex
truncate and bounded at each corner by a long spine between
which are about seventeen shorter spines; lateral margins armed
throughout their length with about ten short spines.
Inner uropod about twice as long as the telson; no spines on
the inner ventral margin.
Outer uropod about one-and-a-quarter times as long as the
inner.
Length of an adult female with eggs in the broad lamelle,
5 mm.; length of the largest male, apparently mature, 4 mm.
The above description and fig. 1, pl. xxi, are taken from an
adult female, 5 mm. long. The figures of the various parts are
from a male measuring 4 mm. in total length, and this differ-
ence in size probably accounts for the difference in armature of
the telson as shown in fig. 7 and that given in the above descrip-
tion. A still smaller specimen, 3 mm. in length, had only seven
spines on the apex of the telson between the two large lateral ones.
Czerniavsky has shown similar differences between young and adult
specimens of P. pengot.
A male of 4mm. appears, to judge by the fourth pleopods,
to be mature if not fully grown. The fourth pleopod of such a
male is shown in fig. 8. The basal joint is short and the inner
ramus of the usual structure. The outer ramus is long and styli-
form, reaching to the posterior end of the sixth segment of the
pleon. It is three jointed, the second the shortest and the ter-
minal joint the longest. ‘The latter is furnished at its apex with two
long, subequal ciliated filaments and on the outer distal margin
with a single smooth filament, longer than the ciliated filaments at
its apex. There is no prominent hirsute lobe on the antennules
of the above male specimen, such as is usually met with in male
Myside. It is replaced by a tuft of long hairs proceeding from
a small tubercle on the distal ventral edge of the antennular
peduncle.
Locality of capture.—Dhappa, near Calcutta, slightly brackish
water (canal), six females and three males.
This species differs from P. pengoi in the following points :—
(1) Size-—The type-specimen of P. pengot was an adult
female measuring Tomm. Adult females of the pres-
ent species with eggs in the brood-pouch only mea-
sure 5 mm,
236°" W. M. TaTTrersaLt,: Two new Myside. [VoL,..17;
(2) Antennal scale.—The second joint of the antennal scale
of P. pengot is described as small, and only about one
ninth of the whole antennal scale in length. In
P. assimilis the second joint of the scale is rather
large and equal to between one fifth and one quarter
of the length of the scale.
(3) Czerniavsky describes in P. pengot two secondary spines
at the terminal part of the tarsus of the thoracic limbs
in addition to the dactylus, giving the whole limb a
tri-unguiculate appearance. No such secondary dac-
tyli appear to be present in P. assimilis though, as
shown in fig. 6, there are sundry sete in the position
shown by Czerniavsky for the secondary nails. It may
be that Czerniavsky has mistaken the sete for spines
and this apparent difference between his species and
the present one may not actually occur.
Otherwise the two species are in very close agreement and the
occurrence in brackish water in India of a species of this obscure
genus is of special interest.
Genus Macropsis, G. O. Sars.
Macropsts orientalis, sp. nov.
(Plate xxii, figs. I—9.)
The differences between M. omventalis and the only other
known species of this curious genus, M. slabberi, are mainly differ-
ences in the proportions which the various parts bear to one
another.
These differences are most conveniently brought out in a
table of comparative measurements of the two species, side by
side. It will be best, therefore, to give such a table first and then
to discuss the characters of the two species, one by one, in the
light of the table.
The measurements of M. slabbert are taken from specimens
from Saltash Bridge, near Plymouth, which I received through the
courtesy of the Marine Biological Station at Plymouth.
The sum of the differences between the two species is that
M. orientalis is a much more robust form, M. slabberi, on the other
hand, being very slender and attenuated, with the various append-
ages correspondingly elongated.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 237
Macropsis slabbert. Macropsis orientalis.
| | |
| Percent- Percent-
Measurements. | age of age of
Actual | length Actual length
lengthin | from length in from
min. | rostrum mm. rostrum
| to tip of to tip of
| telson. telson.
| |
1 | Length of eye .. a 86 | 17°A 2 O22
2 ie Width = 50,, at, cornea, ~:... | ‘24. | 4°8 "25 AA
3 | Length ,, cornea sis *E9) «| 3°9 “iy/ 3°0
4 a », antennular ped... "92 18°6 67 T1°8
5 a », first joint sey ee) 10'S a32 5°6
6 », second joint ve 19 3°9 “15 2°6
7 a third. =, a 2m 4°2 20) 3°5
8 Be ,, antennal scale .. "82 16°6 “92 16°3
Oe 55 », carapace ue I-50 | 30°3 1°90 33°6
TO *s », exposed part of 25 5°0 "4A 7°8
thorax. |
II ae », Ist pleon segmen S316) | 6°0 23 6°0
12 ”? ” 2nd ” S12 ce “34 | 6°8 "36 6°4
EB ls = 5a She Hear yee 3264 79 "39 ZO
TH. | 2255 panels la Sy oe "43. || 8°7 "42 7°4
15 | ” ” 5th ” 33 see “45 | gil 46 S°1
16 | 2) ” 6th ” ge bance ‘79 | 16°0 107, I1°8
t7 Width ,, oth ., eos 36 a8 "45 8'o
18 | Length ,, telson to base of “37 Tia "42 74
terminal spine.
LOR ears ,, telson to tip of ter- "44 O20". | ‘AT 8°3
| minal spine. |
20 se ,, telson to extreme "49 | 9°9 68 12'O
apex. |
5 ,, inner uropod ae [O22] 18°6 O04 16°6
22 a », outer os a 118 | 23°9 LY 22°5
|
|
23 Total length—rostrum to tip 4°94 | T00'O BOoe a] TOO'O
| of telson. |
Carapace.—The carapace in M. orientalis is slightly longer pro-
portionally than in M. slabber1, and correspondingly broader. The
front part is more evenly rounded and consequently less produced
in the former than in the latter species (fig. I).
Pleon.—The measurements Ir—r16 in the above table of the
segments of the pleon of the two species show that in M. slabbert
the segments are proportionately more elongate than in M. orien-
talis. Especially is this so with the sixth segment which in the
former species is one-and-three-quarter times as long as the fifth,
while in M. orientalis it is less than one-and-a-half times that
length. At the same time the measurement 17 shows that the
sixth segment of the pleon is relatively narrower in M. slabberi
than in M. ortentalis, and that the rest of the body is correspond-
ingly narrower in the former species.
238 W. M. TarrersaLi: Two new Myside. [Vor i;
Eye.—In M. orientalis the eye is only 9 per cent. of the total
body-length, is very little more than twice as long as broad at the
cornea, and the latter occupies the distal third of the whole eye.
In M. slabbert the eye is 17 per cent. of the total body-length, is
three-and-a-half times as long as broad, and the cornea occupies
the distal two ninths of the whole eye. So that in M. orientalis
the eye is on the whole very much shorter than in M. slabberv.
The antennular peduncle in M. orientalis is considerably shorter
than in M. slabberi, being only 11°8 per cent. of the total body-
length in the former compared with 18°6 per cent. in the latter.
The shortening of the antennular peduncle in M. orientalis is pro-
portional to that of the eye, so that in both species the eye bears
the same relation to the antennular peduncle, 7.e., it extends to
about the distal end of the second joint. The spine-like seta on
the outer distal corner of the basal joint of the antennular peduncle
is scarcely as robust in M. ovtentalis as in M. slabbert.
The antennal scale is of practically the same size in both species,
with the result that, owing to the shortening up of the antennular
peduncle in M. orientalis, the scale extends beyond the antennular
peduncle, while in M. slabberz it falls short of it.
Telson.—The telson of M. orentalis (fig. 7) differs from that
of M. slabbert mainly in having the serrated apical portion more
produced and the whole telson consequently proportionally longer.
The serrated apical portion of the telson in M. slabbert is only
about one quarter of the entire length of the telson, whereas
in M. onentalis it is considerably more than one third of that
length.
In the structure of the various appendages the two species
show considerable resemblance, but minor differences are to be
noted. For this purpose I give, on pl. xxii, figures of the various
appendages of M. orientalis for comparison with those of M.
slabbert.
In the second thoracic limb of M. orvtentalis (fig. 5) the ter-
minal joint is somewhat longer and narrower than in the same
limb of M. slabbert. The number of joints in the tarsus of the
third to the eighth thoracic limbs of M. orientalis varies from five
to nine, the eighth limb usually having fewest joints in the tarsus.
Thus in one female example dissected the joints of the tarsus were
seven in the third, fourth and fifth limbs, eight in the sixth, nine
in the seventh and only six in the eighth. Figure 6 depicts the
eighth thoracic limb of a male with only five joints in the tarsus.
The fourth pleopod of the male of M. orientalis differs rather
markedly from the same appendage in M. slabbert, in having the
first joint of the outer ramus shorter than the entire inner ramus.
In M. slabbert the reverse obtains. Otherwise the appendages in
question are very similar.
I could not detect any spine on the inner ventral margin of the
inner uropod of M. orientalis such as exists in M. slabbert.
Length of the largest specimens of M. orientalis, both males and
females, 7 mm. from the rostrum to the apex of the telson.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum, 239
Locality: of capture-—Dhappa, near Calcutta, slightly brackish
water, 270 specimens, 4—7 mm.long; Port Canning, Lower Bengal,
brackish water ponds, 117 specimens, 4—7 mm. long.
M. orientalis is apparently an abundant species in suitable
localities.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI.
POTAMOMYSIS ASSIMILIS, sp. nov.
. 1.— Adult female, 5 mm. long, dorsal view.
2.—Antennular peduncle, x I00.
3.—Antennal scale and peduncle, < I00.
4.—Endopod of first thoracic limb, x 100.
5.—Endopod of second thoracic limb, X I00.
6.—Endopod of eighth thoracic limb, x I00.
7.—Telson, X I00.
8.--Fourth pleopod of male, 4 mm., X I00.
Rec. Ind. Mus, Vol. II, 1908 . Plate XX]
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EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII.
MACROPSIS ORIENTALIS, sp. nov.
. I.—Anterior end of a female 6 mm. long, X 75..
2.—Antennal scale, X 75.
3.—Antennule of male, x 75.
4.—Endopod of first thoracic limb, X 75.
5.—Endopod of second thoracic limb, x 75,
6.—Eighth thoracic limb of male, xX 75.
7.—Telson, X 75.
8.—Third pleopod of male, x 75.
g.—Fourth pleopod of male, xX 75.
Ree. Ind.Mus,Vol. 11,1908. . : Plate XXII.
A.Chowdhary, lith
MACROPSIS ORIENTALIS, sp.nov.
xxXVI.° ON SOME-ORIENTAL SOLIFUGA:, WITH
DESCRIPTIONS: OF NEW FORMS.
By A. S. Hirst (British Museum, Nat. Hist.).
The new forms described in this paper (with the exception of
Galeodes fischert and Eustmonia celertpes) form part of the collection
of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. It is owing to the kindness of
Dr. N. Annandale that I have been enabled to examine and to
describe them.
Galeodes darius, Pocock.
1895, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 6), vol. xvi, p. 81; 1889-1900,
Journ. Linn, Soc., vol. xxvii, p. 403; 1905, Birula, Bull. Acad.
Imp. Sct. St. Petersburg (ser. 5), vol. xxii, p. 260.
Q. Mandible.—Upper jaw armed with two minor intermediate
teeth, the posterior one small, Lower jaw also with two minor
teeth.
Palpi.—Patella armed ventrally with bristles which are alter-
nately very long and rather short; tibia of palp with five or six
pairs of spines, some of which exceed the height of the segment.
Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs with seven spines, the
posterior basal spine being absent. Tarsi of fourth legs with five
pairs of spines.
Locality.—F ao, Persia.
Remarks.—This species is closely allied to G. macmahoni, Po-
cock, but differs in that the tibia of the tarsus is darkened.
Galeodes aulicus, sp. nov.
a”. Colour.—Pale sandy yellow; head and terga of abdomen
infuscate; mandibles pale above and marked with faint stripes;
patella, tibia and tarsus of palp deeply infuscate, the distal half of
the femur dark or pale; first leg with tibia and tarsus darkened,
the posterior legs entirely pale.
Head.—Width of head-plate about half the length of the patel-
la of the maxillipalp and considerably less than the length of the
tibia.
Mandible.—Blade of flagellum resembling that of G. agilis,
Pocock. Lower jaw with one or two minor teeth.
Palpi.—Patella armed with four long and strong ventro-lateral
spines and with a median row of spines, tibia with six (in one of
the specimens with only four) pairs of strong and rather short
spines, the anterior pair, however, exceeding the height of the seg-
ment; ‘‘ cylinder-bristles” absent.
242 A. S. Hirst: Oriental Sclifuge. [Voli
Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs with four pairs of spines,
tarsi of fourth legs with five pairs of spines, bristles of tarsus of
fourth leg stout and a little curved.
Measurements in mm.—lLength of body 34; width of head
11'5; length of patella of palp 23°5; of tibia of palp 15°5 ; of tar-
sus of palp 3 5.
Locality.—Seistan. Two males (one of them mutilated) col-
lected by Col. MacMahon.
Remarks.—This new species agrees with G. citrinus, Pocock, and
G. schach, Birula, in the absence of ‘‘ cylinder-bristles” from the
ventral surface of the palp, but differs from them in having the
distal segment of the tarsus of the fourth legs armed with a pair of
spines.
Galeodes festivus, sp. nov.
@. Colour.—Pale sandy yellow; head with a pair of dark
lateral patches; abdomen with the anterior and posterior margins
of the terga darkened ; mandibles fawn-coloured above and with well
marked stripes; patella, tibia and tarsus (with the exception of its
distal extremity) of maxillipalp deeply infuscate, the patella almost
as dark as the tibia; femur of maxillipalp with the distal third
darkened; fourth pair of legs with the distal segments strongly in-
fuscate; the anterior legs paler.
Mandibles.—Lower jaw with two minor teeth, the posterior
one being minute. Blade of the flagellum narrower as compared
with the length than is the case in G. agtlis, Pocock.
Palpi.—Patella about twice as long as the width of the head,
and armed below with three rows of spines, some of which exceed
the height of the segment; tibia with six pairs of spines, the distal
pair alone exceeding the height of the segment; ‘‘cylinder-
bristles” fairly slender, subcylindrical and with the basal rings
rather high.
Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs armed with seven spines,
the posterior basal spine being absent. ‘Tarsi of fourth legs with
five pairs of spines. Bristles of tarsi of fourth pair of legs broader
and less sharply pointed than is the case in G. agilis. Blade of ex-
ternal malleolus less than half the width of the head.
Measurements in mm.—lLength of body 42; width of head 10;
length of palp 62; of first leg 45; of fourth leg 61; of patella of
palp 21°5; of tibia of palp 15; of tarsus of palp 3°75.
Locality.—Seistan, a single male specimen collected by Col.
MacMahon. :
Remarks.—This species is closely allied to G. agilis, Pocock,
differing from it in the shape of the bristles of the tarsi of the
fourth legs.
Galeodes truculentus, Pocock.
1889-1900, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxvii, p. 402; 1905, Birula,
Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg (ser. 5), vol. xxii, pp. 252 and
253:
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 243
This species is very closely allied to (perhaps identical with)
G. avaneoides, Pallas. The bristles of the pad of the fourth leg,
however, are broad and not very sharply pointed.
a. Mandible.—lLower jaw with three minor teeth.
Palp with the patella a little more than twice the width of the
head.
Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs with four pairs of spines.
Tarsus of fourth leg with four pairs of spines.
Remarks.—The fourth leg of the male measures 50 mm. and
not 60 mm. as stated in Mr. Pocock’s description.
Galeodes citrinus, Pocock.
1895, G. cutvinus, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser.6), vol. xvi,
p. 81; 1889-1900, G. cttvinus, Pocock, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxvii,
pp. 403 and 404; 1900, G. nigripalpis, Pocock, Fauna of British
India, Arachnida, p. 144; 1905, G. citrvinus, Birula, Bull. Acad.
Imp. Sct. St. Petersburg (ser. 5), vol. xxii, p. 254; G. pocockt,
Birula, loc. ctt., p. 256. |
Mandible.—Lower jaw with a single minor tooth.
Palpi.—Patella twice or a little more than twice the width of
the head-plate; tibia ventrally without cylinder-bristles.
Legs.—-Tarsi of second legs with four anterior spines and two
posterior spines (one on each segment); tarsi of third legs usually
armed with seven spines (the posterior basal spine being absent)
or with the same armature as the second legs. Tarsi of fourth.
legs with four pairs of spines, the distal segment unspined.
There are two forms of this species—
(1) The typical form: Colour paler than in the variety nigri-
palpis; tarsus of palp pale yellow ; legs not darkened ;
size large (up to 40 mm.); locality Jask.
(2) Var. nigripalpis, Pocock: ‘Tarsus of palp infuscate ; legs
slightly darkened; abdominal terga much darker than
in the typical form ; size smaller (up to 29 mm.); locality
Omara, Baluchistan.
J
Galeodes indicus, Pocock.
1900, Pocock, Fauna of British India, Arachnida, pp. 142-144.
Dr. Birula compares this species with his G. auronitens. ‘The
two species are not closely allied, however, for G. auvonitens belongs
to the caspius group, whilst G. indicus belongs to the araneotdes
group. Pocock says in his description of G. indicus ‘‘ Tarsi of legs
armed as in G. fatalis, except that the distal segment is spined.”’
The word ‘ spined’ in this sentence is a misprint for ‘ unspined,’ for
in G. fatalis, Licht. and Herbst, the distal tarsal segment of the
fourth leg is spined, whilst this is not the case in G. indicus.
Galeodes chitralensts, sp. nov.
@. Colour.—Paler than in G. indicus, Pocock; head scarcely
darkened, but darker than the legs, which are sandy yellow; ocular-
244 A. S. Hirst: Onental Solifuge. [Vou. II,
tubercle black; abdominal terga infuscate; the ventral surface of
the abdomen a dirty greyish colour; mandibles marked with faint
stripes; palp pale yellow in colour.
Mandibles.—Lower jaw with two minor teeth which are close
together and followed by a slight gap. Blade of flagellum some-
what longer and narrower than is the case in G. indicus.
Palpi.—Patella slightly more than twice the width of the head
(in G. indicus, the patella of the palp is considerably more than
twice the width of the head). Spines of the tibia six in number,
the first and third alone exceeding in length the height of the seg-
ment ; ‘‘ cylinder-bristles’”’ long and slender as in G. indicus.
Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs armed with seven spines,
- the posterior basal spine having disappeared. Tarsi of fourth legs
with four pairs of spines, the distal segment without spines;
bristles of pad of tarsus narrower than in G. indicus. Blade of
external malleolus about half the width of the head.
Measurements in mm.—lLength of body 24°5; width of head
6°5; length of palp 39; of first leg 29; of fourth leg 41°5 ; of patella
of palp 14; of tibia of palp 10°25; of tarsus of palp 3.
Locality.—Chitral, a single male specimen collected by Mr.
F. J. Daley.
Remarks.—The male of this species differs from that of G.
indicus, Pocock, in its much paler colour and shorter palpi.
Galeodes chitralensis pallescens, sub-sp. nov.
This sub-species structurally resembles the typical form, except
in the armature of the lower jaw, which is armed with three minor
teeth (it is probable that the lower jaw of the typical form is also
normally armed with three teeth); the terga of the abdomen, how-
ever, are pale yellow in colour.
Measurements in mm.—lLength of body 31°5; width of head
7°5; length of palp 46°5; of first leg 32°5; of fourth leg 49; of
patella of palp 16°25; of tibia of palp 12; of tarsus of palp 3.
Locality.—Sambalpur, Central Provinces, India; a single male
specimen collected by Mr. V. Ball.
Galeodes fischeri, sp. nov.
Colour.— Closely resembling that of G. indicus obscurtor , Pocock.
9. Mandible with the lower jaw armed with three minor
teeth. Flagellum similar to that of G. indicus.
Palpi.—Shorter than in G. indicus, the patella about twice
the width of the head; ‘‘ cylinder-bristles’”’ of tibia sparse, slender
and very short, usually measuring considerably less than a quarter
of the length of the spines, whilst in G. indicus they are often more
than half the length of the spines.
Legs.—Proximal segment of tarsus of second and third legs
provided with three spines anteriorly, the posterior side with a
single spine, distal segment with a single spine, situated on the
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum, 245
anterior side. Tarsi of fourth legs with four pairs of spines; the
distal segment unspined.
Measurements in mm.—Length of body 25 ; width of head 6°5;
length of palp 42°5; of first leg 30°5 ; of fourth leg 43°5; of patella
of palp 14; of tibia of palp 10°75; of tarsus of palp 3.
?. Mandible.—Upper jaw with two minor teeth between the
principal ones, dentition of lower jaw similar to that of the male.
Palp.—Patella and tibia with long and slender spines as in
G. indicus.
Legs.—Blade of external malleolus almost equalling the breadth
of the ocular tubercle.
Measurements in mm.—tength of body 24; width of head
7°75; length of palp 35; of first leg 25; of fourth leg 36°5; of
patella of palp 11; of tibia of palp 9; of tarsus of palp 3.
Locality.—North Coimbatore District, Madras, three males and
two females collected by Mr. C. E. C. Fischer.
Remarks.—This species differs from G. indicus, Pocock, in that
the ‘‘ cylinder-bristles’’ of the tibia of the palp are very short.
Galeodes bacillifer, Pocock.
1900, G. bacillifer, Pocock, Fauna of British India, Arachnida,
p. 144; 1904, G. bacilhfer, Birula, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. St.
Petersburg, vol. ix, p. 395; 1905, G. bacillifer, Birula, Bull. Acad.
Imp. Sct. St. Petersburg (ser. 5), vol. xxii, p. 256.
The tibia of the palp of the male is provided ventrally with a
few very long and slender ‘‘ cylinder-bristles ’? in the typical speci-
men. ‘These bristles are confined to the basal half of the segment.
In the specimens determined by Dr. Birula as belonging to this spe-
cies the ‘‘ cylinder-bristles ’’ are said to be absent.
Galeodes annandalei, sp. nov.
Colour.—Vellowish white; head greyish above, the ocular
tubercle black; abdomen with the terga darkened, its ventral sur-
face greyish yellow; mandibles slightly darkened above and marked
with broad stripes; patella, tibia and tarsus of palp and the femora
and patelle of the legs slightly infuscate.
Mandibles with upper jaw provided (between the principal
teeth) with two minor teeth of fairly large size, lower jaw with
three minor teeth.
Palpi.—A little shorter than in G. bacillifer (see measure-
ments); patella armed with long and thin spines as in G. indicus
and bacillifey; tarsus with a pair of strong bristles as in G.
bacillifer.
Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs ventrally with four pairs
of spines; tarsi of fourth legs also with four pairs of spines, the
distal segment being unspined.
Abdomen.—Fifth abdominal segment ventrally with a curved
row of thin yellowish bristles,
246 A. 8. Hirst: Oriental Sohfuge. [Von. IT;
Measurements 1n mm.—Length of body 27°5 ; width of head 7°5 ;
length of palp 37°5; of first leg 25; of fourth leg 41°5; of patella
of palp 12°5; of tibia of palp 10; of tarsus of palp 2°5.
Locality.—Malakand, N.-W. Frontier of India; a single female
example.
Remarks.—This: new species is closely allied to G. bacillifer,
Pocock, but is darker in colour, the abdomen being ornamented
above with a dark band.
The following key shows some of the principal differences be-
tween the males of the species of Galeodes (sub-gen. Galeodes) that
I have been able to examine :—
' Distal segment of tarsus of fourth leg
) armed below with a pair of spines 2
| Distal segment of tarsus of fourth leg
without spines e 7
Tibia of palp furnished ventrally atti
‘* cylinder-bristles’”’ . ae
Tibia of palp ventrally without “‘ cy-
linder-bristles ” - . G, aulicus, Hirst.
ig Proximal tarsal segment of cerond
|! and third legs with a posterior
basal spine . G. afghanus, Pocock.
3
3 | Proximal tarsal segment of second
and third legs without a posterior
L basal spine = 4 4
Tibia of palp fuscous oe 5
Tibia of palp yellow... .. G. macmahon, Pocock
(Size large (over 40 mm.); yellow ;
| patella of palp twice width of head 6
5 < Smaller (about 30 mm.); browner ;
| patella of palp less than twice
| width of head : . G. orientalis, Stol.
( Bristles of pad of tarsus of fourth fee
| broad, their ends abruptly pointed G. festivus, Hirst.
6 < Bristles of pad of tarsus very much
L narrower, their ends sharply
pointed .. . G. agilis, Pocock.
(riba of palp furnished vemnrallsy ih
y ‘“cylinder-bristles” .. - 8
/ ) Tibia of palp ventrally without ‘‘ cy-
linder-bristles ”’ . G. citrinus, Pocock.
c Cylinder-bristles,”’ of tibia of palp
8 long (either slender or stout) : 9
4 ‘Cylinder-bristles” of tibia of palp
very stout, slender and Snes G. ie schert, Hirst.
1 The posterior re of the male specimen of G. nee Pocock, are missing.
The female which is supposed to belong to this species, however, has the distal
segment of the fourth leg armed below with a pair of spines,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 247
Bristles forming pad of tarsus of
fourth leg not clavate in shape .. 10
Bristles forming pad of tarsus of
fourth leg clavate in shape .. G. bacillifer, Pocock.
Proximal tarsal segment of second
f and third legs without a posterior
2 4 basal spine II
i Proximal tarsal segment of second
and third legs usually with a pos-
terior basal spine ae G. avaneotdes, Pallas.
(Legs sandy yellow, patella of palp
| twice the width of the head .. G. chitralensis, Hirst.
Ir 4 Legs browner, patella of palp con
| siderably more than twice the width
of the head - - .. G. indicus, Pocock.
Eusimonia celeripes, sp. nov.
Colour.—Pale yellow; head infuscate; abdomen greyish
yellow; palpi and legs slightly infuscate.
Mandible of Eustmonia celeripes, Hirst.
Mandible.—Dorsal horn short, pointed and slightly curved;
Flagellum strongly curved, the terminal part abruptly narrowed
and sharply pointed. Vertical lamina with the lower corner not
rounded but angular. Upper jaw with the fourth, seventh and
eighth teeth (from the anterior end) the largest ; the first, third,
sixth, ninth and tenth of large size, the remaining teeth being
small. Lower jaw furnished with a strong tooth, which is usually
preceded by two or three rudimentary teeth.
Palpt.—Inner side of tibia of palp armed towards the distal
end with six spines, the ends of which are blunt and often en-
larged ; the proximal spine is the largest.
Abdomen.—Third abdominal segment provided with a cluster
of 6-7 short and stout bristles. Fourth abdominal segment with
twelve long and slender bristles.
Measurements in mm.—Length of body 10°5.
Locality.—Kaschgar Steppe. Three males collected by Mr.
Constantine Aris.
Remarks.—-This species is closely allied to E. turkestana, Krae-
pelin, from which it differs in the form of the flagellum, dentition
of the mandibles, and in the number of bristles on the ventral sur-
face of the fourth abdominal segment.
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ae, Apap daha
we
x Vieee Ee DI Ee AeRE NCH SBE TWEEN. THs
TAKIN (BUDORCAS) FROM THE MISHMI
HILLS. AND. THAT FROM TIBET, WITH
NOTES ON VARIATION DISPLAYED BY
THE FORMER.
By T. BENTHAM, Indian Museum.
(Plate xxiii.)
In the collection of the Indian Museum there are twelve skulls
and frontlets of Budorcas taxicolor, nine of which are known to
come from the Mishmi Hills and one from E. Tibet, two having no
known history. In the Mishmi series, two sets of skulls can be so
arranged that they show a marked difference in rise from the young
to the adult stage. This rise is marked by the gradual approxi-
mation of the horns. The youngest of the series, which are
all males, has the horns at their bases quite two inches apart,
and this distance gradually becomes less and less until we even-
tually arrive at a specimen in which the horns are coincident and
very large. The only Tibetan species, which is a young adult,
seems to possess horns which are almost identical dn size and dis-
tance apart with No. 2 of the Mishmi series. This almost serves to
point out that Mishmi and Tibetan animals cannot with certainty
be distinguished by the size, shape, or distance apart of their
horns. The only thing that can be said on this point is that the
horns are very variable and that this variability seems to be conse-
quent on the age of the animal. (For description of horns cf.
Chalmers Mitchell, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 467; Lydekker, Game
Ammals of India, etc., p. 162; Hodgson, Journ. Aszat. Soc. Bengal,
vol. xix, p. 65; Milne Edwards, Réch. des Mam., 1868-74, p. 367.)
A more important point lies in the shortness and broadness of
the nasal bones of the Budorcas from Tibet, as compared propor-
tionately with all the Mishmi specimens. This feature carries with
it a larger space to the opening of the nasal chamber, which is
deeper and higher than in the animal from Assam. In referring to
the nasal chamber it must also be noted that in the Tibetan skull
the ridges starting from the edge of the maxilla at the junction of
this bone with the premaxilla and lying on the floor of the nasal
chamber are far less marked than in the Mishmi skull (see pl. xxiii,
A and B, figs. 2 and 3). ‘This last statement also applies to the pits
underlying the vomer, which are larger and deeper in the Mishmi
animal. The difference in these ridges undoubtedly shows that
as aconsequence of their development the maxillo-turbinals are far
more developed in the Assam form than in that from Tibet, a fact
250 T. BENTHAM: Budorcas taxicolor. [Vor. 5
which is not altogether surprising, since the Mishmi Takin lives in
jungle, where its sense of smell would be more indispensable than
if its habitat were on the bare plateaux of Tibet.
The premaxilla is longer in the Tibetan skull, proportionately,
and more slender than in the other specimens. This is also quite
evident in Milne Edward’s drawing of the nose-cavity in a speci-
men from Movpin.!
In the skeleton the only difference between the Assam and
Tibetan forms seems to lie, as far as can be judged from the same
author’s plates, in the humerus. This difference probably is not
important, perhaps being due to age. The outer tuberosity of the
Mishmi humerus is larger and has a greater curve inwards than
that in the Moupin humerus figured. The bicipital groove is there-
fore deeper. The deltoid ridge also is more strongly marked. The
anterior cannon-bone is shorter and broader in proportion in the
Tibetan Budorcas, while with regard to the posterior cannon-bone
the reverse is the case.
Comparison of Mishmi skins inter se exhibits great variation.
The colour in males varies from russet-brown to light straw-grey.
In no individuals are the dark parts pure black. In fact the
younger the animal is, the darker the colour of the skin. The
following is a list of the observations taken from skins ranging in
age from young to fully adult :—
Budorcas taxicolor, # Skins from Assam: Age Series.
)
| Length of
Serial | Length | anterior Col
No. |of horn.| hoof, OL OiE.
| front face. |
Uniform dark russet-brown; legs and a small
patch on the nose inclining to black; dorsal
streak very faint and more marked on hind
quarters ; interior of ears, a patch on the loins,
| a small patch over eye light brown.
I None | 1°25 40.
2 7 Tin E2225, Tle Hair becoming lighter and more golden in colour
at the tips along the edge of the dorsal streak,
which is now better marked and is beginning to
show signs of appearing between shoulders.
Rest of the skin as in No. 1.
3 2° 5 te] 225 Atl Dorsal streak quite well marked and dark brown,
the hairs having black tips. More yellowish
colour on the back which, mingling with the
reddish brown hairs it is replacing, gives the
back in parts a greenish appearance. A light
patch beginning to be evident on the forehead.
1 Réchérches des Mammiféres (Paris), 1868-74, pl. Ixxvi.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 251
[ |
| Length of |
Serial Length | anterior
No. | of horn.| hoof, . | Colour.
front face.
4 21in. | 3in. .. Whole of back yellow, varying from straw colour
nearer the dorsal streak to chestnut on the
sides. Crescentic patch on forehead and the
| lining to ears straw colour. Rest of head, as
also flanks, very dark brown. Under parts
| _ dark brown, the hairs of legs tipped black.
|
5 | 22 iM, |\-3"2:5°401. Altogether duller; the dorsal streak beginning to
| disappear. General colour of the upper parts
drab straw colour with a slight greenish tinge.
Under parts almost black. Nearest to the
Tibetan specimen in colour, and also to Hodg-
son’s original description of the type, although
| | _ itis not the same specimen,
|
The two females in the collection also show a decided differ-
ence inter se, no doubt due to age. In both the dark dorsal stripe
present in the males is faint and nearly absent; the younger ani-
mal exhibits the browner tendencies shown in the younger males,
while the older one is greyer in appearance. Both skins are larger
than any male skin in the Museum’s possession. ‘This indicates
that the female may be larger than the male, if the evidence of the
dry skins is anything to go upon.
The Tibetan skin shows the following coloration, approaching
the oldest Mishmi example in appearance :—
General colour above yellowish fawn inclining to grey, the
hairs at their bases being straw colour; hair of back lighter
straw colour along the edges of the dorsal streak, the
hair of which is dark brown with black tips. Dorsal
streak extending from root of tail, which is black, to the
middle of the shoulders, where it gives way to a straw
coloured stripe extending across the occiput to the fore-
head! behind the ears and between the eyes. A small
light patch at the anterior corner of the eye, and the
interior of the ears straw coloured; hair of the muzzle and
sides of head black, some of the hairs being different shades
of brown and straw colour at their bases; long hairs at
sides of body light dull grey with long black tips; a small
russet-brown patch above each hoof.
The following is an abstract of Mr. Lydekker’s description of
Budorcas taxicolor whitei in the Field of November 16th, 1907, this
sub-species having been formed on four specimens from Bhutan.
1 Hodgson had a model of the Mishmi Takin sent him. This was made by a
Mishmi chief, and had a light yellow half-moon mark on the forehead ; vide Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xix, p. 69.
252 T. BENTHAM: Budorcas taxicolor. [VoL aT,
The first two specimens were both adult (a male and a female), and
the horns of the bull were shorter than those of the cow. The
second two were those of an immature male and adult female.
From this evidence Mr. Lydekker states that the horns of an adult
Bhutia bull would have been 14 to 15 inches in length as
compared with 20 to 24 in the Mishmi Takin. But, from the
statistics quoted, the same thing might be said with regard to the
Tibetan Takin as compared with the Mishmi form. It appears, also,
that the yellow colour of the hair in the animal from Bhutan is
intermediate in area between that of Mishmi and that of Tibetan
examples. ‘The yellow colour of the hair is seemingly also intermedi-
ate between the two extremes in some representatives of the same
Mishmi race. Indeed, one example of this race in the Museum is
almost identical in appearance with the Tibetan animal.
A grey Takin is mentioned by Mr. Lydekker ' as coming from
Sze-chuen, and he proposes to form a new sub-species for its recep-
tion. ‘The animal is a female and is light grey on the upper parts.
The gentleman who sent the specimen to Mr. Rowland Ward
says that there are two kinds of Takin in Sze-chuen, one a small
red animal and the other a large grey one. It is not improbable
that the female Budorcas is larger than the male, and I have shown
that the young are dark russet-brown, and the adults light in
appearance. It is probable that the small ‘‘race’’ mentioned consists
simply of young examples of the large grey form, and, as is quite
common among ungulates, that the young separate into flocks,
while the adult males or females, as the case may be, go about
singly or in pairs. An observant person could, with the greatest
ease, make at least three sub-species from the Mishmi skins in the
Indian Museum, if they had chanced to be from different localities
simply on the evidence of coloration and variation of horns. I
may also mention that we have two stuffed specimens from the
Mishmi Hills in addition to those already noticed. These are pre-
sumably adult, and though they are somewhat faded, it can easily
be seen that the female is larger and greyer in appearance, stand-
ing 3 feet 5 inches at the shoulder, while the male is reddish, and
is only 2 feet 8 inches in height. These animals, looked at from
a great distance, would be thought to be distinct species.
On the evidence of the facts stated above, I am perfectly will-
ing to admit that the Mishmi and Tibetan animals are distinct,
not so much on the evidence of coloration, but on that of the
characteristics of the skull, on which the Tibetan animal perhaps
deserves specific rank.
In the face, however, of the occurrence of so much variation
.in Mishmi animals, it is quite reasonable to suppose that a like
variation occurs among those beyond the hills.
Appended is a list of measurements of skulls and skeletons of
the o@ specimens in the Indian Museum and of the one described
by Milne Edwards.
!Inthe [veld of May oth, 1908.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum, 253
[NoTE.—Since writing this paper I have been permitted by Mr. I. H. Burkill
of the Industrial Section, Indian Museum, to examine a shield from the Daffla
Hills made of Budorcas hide. This skin is probably that of a young animal and
is brownish in appearance, the dorsal stripe being indistinct. This fact is inter-
esting only as regards the distribution of the Takin, if we may assume that the
skin is that of an individual killed in the Daffla and not in the Mishmi Hills. ]
Measurements of Skulls.
| ae a
Gee Pee ee lee)
| cS 5 ios] es) ka | PS Lan ae
Measurements in aea® Bs = is A mA a eS =
millimetres. | 8 =ie7 Bu I ipod) alee 2
lod i Ba | Be le |B ee) E
age 1 = See ens oy
| = % % % ed Ot | fe
| |
Basal length of skull | 386 395 375 415 | 360] 400 353
Breadth between orbits l= tak 168 144 Tago" 125 93 134
Length nasals cap ae 16) 142 136 T6Ot (Ets aan 98
Breadth nasals |) - 99 98 70 88 70 58 80
Depth from highest point |
of nasals to lowest point
of maxilla .. ay L674 174: 168 171 154 | 130) 143
Length of premaxilla a TAO 155 155 TRSce 230) aes 130
Length from tip of nasals | | |
to end of premaxilla .. 147 git 147 143 ER ce 135
Breadth; between premaxil- |
le at junctions with | | |
maxille + QI | 98 93 OS 2 Fe la. 75
Length from between horns |
to end of nasals 251 245 2A7 a ZOOS 243 ae 215
Length cf manxillary tooth- |
line 124 122 130) (TLS 127 i 120
Length from ‘first premo- | |
lar to end of premaxilla 120 a5 EIS: T25.)° 6s |=, 99
Length of space between |
the horns at base ES 14 20 coinci- 15 7 < 25
dent. | | |
Length of horn Ae Beal Bade | Sie) “Sila | 408 |’ Aso) 365
Circumference at base of | | |
horn a 285 Z00- | . 323% |. “204-) - 235 /)"%320)| Beac
Length tip to tip 245 328 265 220 | 185 | 330] 160
Length from coronoid pro-
cess to angle 146 i 138 PP Wie wee Gia ames 134
Breadth from third molar |
to angle ay! 7 94 ae 93 ree |e 95 Fa 75
Length of mandibular |
tooth-line .. ae 125 Ae 25 fet |S peels Je larine’
254
T. BENTHAM:
Budorcas taxicolor,
Measurements of Skeletons,
[Vor,. TL, 19008.)
Measurements in
millimetres.
Length of the humerus
Transverse diameter of |
the superior extremity |
of the humerus :
Thickness of the great |
tuberosity
Minimum diameter of
the diaphysis
Length cf the inferior |
extremity of the hu-
MICTUS ye ays St
Length of the radius ..
Length of the superior |
extremity of the
radius
Breadth of the inferior
extremity of the
radius
Length of the ulna
Length of the anterior
cannon bone ae
Minimum breadth
the anterior cannon-
bone
Maximum breadth of
the anterior cannon-
bone ae
Minimum thickness of
the anterior cannon-
bone an se
Length of the femur
Transverse diameter of
the superior extremity
of the femur 3
Maximum diameter of
the diaphysis
Transverse diameter co
the inferior extremity
Antero-posterior dia-
meter of the inferior
extremity
Length of the posterior
cannon-bone R
Minimum transverse
diameter Ais
Maximum transverse
diameter
of |
|
|
S Budorcas
taxtcolor,
Mishmi
Hills, Assam.
& Budorcas
taxicoloy (tibe- |
tanus),
Alphonse
Milne
Edwards.
315
IOl
33
36
69
275
61
58
365
703}
| Broader
; and
__ 44% shorter
| in pro-
portion
65
20
335
95
B1
81
83
151) Longer
and
33 > narrow-
er in pro-,
portion. 59
J
Shorter
and
_ 43 | broader
in pro-
portion.
| &@Budorcas
taxicolor,
Mishmi
Hills,
narrow-
portion,
Femur
missing,
also
posterior
cannon-
bone.
er in pro-
@ juv.
Budor-
cas taxt-
color,
Mishmi
Hills.
260
70
25
53
60
210
58
oe)
250
Anterior
cannon-
bone
missing.
288
85
42
78
85
120
30
50
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII.
Fic. 1.—Floor of nasal chamber in skull of Budorcas from Assam.
2.—Floor of nasal chamber in skull of Budorcas from E. Tibet.
2,
A= Pit. B = Ridge separating the pits. = Maxillo-turbinal.
Plate XXIII.
Rec. Ind. Mus,., Vol. II, 1908.
ARIES Heo epoch nites HA Dre vate ap
iat
Premaxilla.
Piece (ae.
Pig. ee
y, Del. et. Lith.
ar
Chowdh
A.C.
-c
rt
©
ue
ve
t
‘
oe
i
MX) bil ON veARL DOT NA UNILOPIGA (ROUX)
AND: TUS VAR LE PILES.
By Dr. J. G. DE Man, TLerseke, Holland.
The collection of Crustacea obtained from brackish water ponds
at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, which is described at p. 211 of this
Journal, comprised also very numerous specimens of a variety of
Caridina nilotica (Roux) which proved to be new. As our know-
ledge of this species and its varieties appears still much confused
and unsatisfactory, the present paper will, I think, be welcome.
The typical species, Caridina nilotica (Roux) from the Nile,
was described by Roux, as a Pelias, in the Annales des Sciences
Naturelles, t. xxviii, 1833, p. 73, pl. 7.
Compare the following papers :—
Hickson, S. J., On a new Species of the genus Atya (A. wyckit)
from Celebes, in: Annals and Magaz. of Natural History for Nov.
1888, p. 357, pls. xiii, xiv.
de Man, J. G., in: Max Weber’s Zoolog. Ergebnisse einer
Reise nach Niederl. Ost-Indien, ii, 1892, p. 386, pl. xxiv, figs.
29; 29-k.
Max Weber, Zur Kenntniss der Stisswasser-Fauna von Stid-
Afrika, in: Zoolog. Jahrbiicher (Spengel), Abth. f. System. x,
1897, p. 168.
Schenkel, E.,in: Verhandl. der Naturf. Gesellschaft in Basel
xiii, 1902, Heft 3, pp. 497-499.
de Man, J. G., in: Abhandl. der Senckenberg. Naturf.
Gesellschaft, xxv, 1902, p. 895.
Bouvier, EE. im n: Bulletin Scientif. de la France et de la
Belgique, t. xxxix, aor pp. 78-80.
Calman, W. i in: Proceed. Zoolog. Soc. London, 1906, vol. i,
p. 189.
The following material lies before me :—
1. Twenty-three specimens, some of which are adult and
egg-bearing, collected, December 1903, in ponds and
é canals near Cairo, Egypt, and presented to me by
Capt. S. S. Flower, Director of the Zoological Gardens
at Giza, near Cairo, January I904.
2. Twenty specimens, some of which are egg-bearing, of
Caridina longivostris, H. M. Edw., from the river
Macta, near Oran, co-types, received in 1890 from the
256 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. [Vou. EH,
Museum at Paris ; these specimens have already been
described by me in my paper of 1892 (J.c.).
3. An egg-bearing female and a younger specimen without
eggs from the Lake Victoria Nyanza, Bay Kavirondo,
received, May 1904, from Prof. E. L. Bouvier ,—
Caridina wyckiw, Hicks., var. pauctpava, de Man;
these specimens were collected, Sept. 1903, by M.
Alluaud. -
4. Three egg-bearing females from the river Umgeni, Natal,
collected Nov. 1894, and received from Prof. Max
Weber ,—Car. wyckw, Hicks.
5. Six adult specimens, three of which are ova-bearing,
from the river Umhlasine, Natal, collected by Prof.
Max Weber in 1894 and presented by him,—Car.
wyckw, Hicks. var. paucipara, M. Weber.
6. One egg-bearing adult female and 60 young specimens
collected by Dr. N. Annandale, Jan. 28-—30th, 1906,
in brackish water ponds at Port Canning, Lower
Bengal.
7. Fourteen ova-bearing adult females and 48 younger
specimens collected, Nov. 12th, 1906, in the same
locality.
8. Twenty-four ova-bearing females of somewhat smaller
size than the preceding and 40 young specimens
gathered, Dec. 8th, 1906, in the same locality.
g. Four specimens, one of which ts adult, collected at Dhappa,
near Calcutta, in slightly brackish water.
10. Three adult specimens with eggs from the river near
Palopo, Luwu, Celebes, described by me, /.c., 1892,
p. 388, as the typical form of Car. wyckit.
11. Three adult specimens with eggs, from the river near
Mbawa, Flores, described by me, /.c., 1892, p. 393,
also as the typical form of Car. wyckit.
12. Three adult females with eggs from Maros, Celebes,
described. by me, /.c,, 1892, p. 393, as. the- variety
gvacilipes of Car. wyckwt (Hickson).
A punctual and close examination of this large interesting
material and accurate measurements of the thoracic legs led to the
following results :—
(a) Caridina longirostris, H. M. Edw., from Oran is not iden-
tical with Car. nilotica (Roux) from Egypt, but proved
to be a distinct variety of it.
(b) The specimens from Lake Victoria Nyanza ought got
to be referred to the var. pauctpara, M. Weber '; as _
regards the measurements of their legs, they almost
fully resemble the var. gracilipes, de M., from Celebes,
| Prof. Bouvier in his valuable paper on the Atyide (l.c., 1905), erroneously
Supposes this variety to have been described by me.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 257
but. they agree with the typical nzlotica from Egypt
by the large size of their eggs.
(c) The specimens collected in the river Umgeni, Natal, were
; wrongly referred by Prof. Weber to Car. wychit,
Hicks.; they ought to be considered as a distinct
variety natalensis nov.
(d) The specimens obtained from Port Canning and from
Dhappa, Lower Bengal, though closely related to the
var. gvacilipes from Celebes, are, at least for the
present, to be regarded as a distinct and new variety
bengalensis nov.
(e) The specimens from the river near Palopo, Luwu, Celebes,
from the river near Mbawa, Flores, and from the
other localities mentioned by me, /.c., 1892, p. 386,
are not to be referred to Car. wyckiw (Hicks.), but
ought to be considered as a proper variety, for which
the name of brachydactyla nov. is proposed.
(f) According to Dr. Calman (/.c., p. 190), the co-types of
Prof. Hickson’s species from Celebes should have
the carpus exactly as in the types of Jongirosirts ;
they are therefore different from the var. brachy-
dactyla and ought to be considered as a distinct variety
wyckit (Hicks.).
(g) All the varieties living on the islands of the Indian Archi-
pelago and in Bengal are certainly distinct from those
occurring in Africa.
8
The typical Car. nilotica (Roux) inhabits Egypt (the Nile,
freshwater ponds and canals); its at present known varieties are
the following :-—
I. var. dongivosivis, H. M. Edw. River Macta, Oran.
2. var. natalensis, n. Natal.
3. var. paucipara, M. Weber. Natal.
4. var. bengalensts, n. Bengal.
5. var. wyckit, Hicks. Lake ‘Tondano, Minahassa,
Celebes, at a height of 2,000
feet above sea-level.
6. var. minahassa, de M. Minahassa, Celebes.
7. var. brachydactyla, n. Celebes, Saleyer, Flores.
8. var. gractlipes, de M. Celebes, Saleyer.
Key to the varieties of Caridina nilotica (Roux).
I. Number indicating the proportion
between length and breadth of
the carpus of Ist pair of legs
usually 2 or more than 2; rarely
falling to 1°8, or quite excep-
tionally to 1°66 (var. bengalensis).
258 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. (VoL, II,
a. Dactylus of 3rd pair of legs
always longer than 1 of the
propodite (number indicat-
ing the proportion between
the length of both joints
varying between 3°3 and
4°6) ; dactylus of 5th pair
also longer than + of the
propodite (the number of
proportion varying be-
tween 2°87 and 4°5).
b. Number indicating the pro-
portion between length and
breadth ! of the dactylus of
3rd pair less than 4.
c. Number indicating the pro-
portion between length and
breadth of the dactylus
of 5th pair varying between
4 and 4°6; dactylus of 5th
pair with 40—50 spinules.
d. ova o'7—0'86 mm. long .. milotica (Roux).
dd. ova 0°42—0'46 mm.long .. natalensis, nov.
cc. Number indicating the pro-
portion between length and
breadth of the dactylus of
5th pair varying between
4°6 and 62; dactylus of
5th pair with 60—74 spi-
nules ; ova 0'96--I'06 mm.
long. . paucipara, M. Weber.
bb. Number indicating tHe pro-
portion between length and
breadth of the dactylus of
3rd pair usually larger than
4, of 5th pair varying be-
tween 5 and 6.
e. Number of proximal teeth of
the upper margin of the
rostrum usually varying
between I2 and 20; ova
usually 0°35 mm. long, their
length varying between
0°33 ando’4 mm. . var. gracilipes, de M.
ee. Number of proximal teeth of
the upper margin of the
rostrum usually varying
| The breadth of the dactylus is measured at the level of the tst lateral
spinule.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 259
between 20 and 24; ova
usually 0°45 or 0°46 mm.
long, varying between 0°42
and 0°49 mm. .. var. bengalensis, nov.
aa. Dactylus of 3rd pair about
1 the length of the propo-
dite (number indicating the
proportion between the
length of both joints vary-
ing between 5°8 and 6:2);
dactylus of 5th pair 1—+
Ol. thes propodite.,. Ova
0°39—0'44 mm.long .. var. brachydactyla, nov.
II. Number indicating the proportion
between length and breadth of
the carpus of Ist legs usually less
than i°8, rarely rising to I'9, but
never reaching to 2.
f. Number indicating the pro-
portion between the length
of propodite and dactylus
of 3rd pair larger than 5,
of 4th pair, 4. .. var. wycki (Hicks.).
ff. Number indicating the pro-
portion between the length
of propodite and dactylus
of 3rd pair usually less than
Ay -tarely; teaching ‘te, 4-2":
that of 5th pair always less
than 4.
g. ova 0°55 mm. long .. var. minahassa, de M.
gg. ova 0°33—0°39 mm. long. .. var. longirostris, H.M. Edw.
Whereas in the foregoing key the principal characters are in-
dicated by which the varieties may be distinguished, the following
part contains my observations on the rostrum and on the thoracic
legs.
1. Caridina nilotica (Roux), typical form.
TABLE A.
(Plate O77k mm. %.-0'42 mim; 0°73 mim: x
0°44 mm.; 0°74 mm. x 0144 mm. Of the female No. 5, however,
the measurements were as follows: o°8 mm. * 0°47 mm.; 0°82
mm. x 0°47 mm.; 0°84 mm. x 0°49 mm. ; 0°86 mm. x 0°48 mm.
The largest specimen, received from Capt. Flower, is a female
with eggs, 29 mm. long.
The two specimens from Lake Victoria Nyanza (compare Table
B) differ from the preceding by the dactyli of the three posterior
legs ; these joints show a slenderey shape, somewhat as in the var.
gracilipes from Celebes, as is proved by comparing the two Tables
A and B. In the ova-bearing female, 27 mm. long, the dactylus of
the 3rd_ pair (fig. 2) is armed with Io spines, in the other with
11; the dactyli of the 5th pair (fig. 2a) are armed with 49 and 50
spinules respectively. In the female 27 mm. long the ischium
of the 3rd legs is unarmed, the meropodite carries three spines,
o'2I mm. long, the 2nd spine is placed a little nearer to the proxt-
mal than to the distal extremity of the joint, the Ist just midway
between the proximal extremity and the 2nd spine, the 3rd near
the distal extremity. In the other specimen, however, the mero-
podite of the 3rd legs presented four spines, the 2nd somewhat
nearer to the proximal than to the distal extremity, the 3rd just
beyond the 2nd, the Ist midway between the 3rd and the proximal
extremity, the 4th near the far end of the joint. The eggs (fig. 20)
262 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. [VoL, II,
of the female No. I are a little smaller than those of the typical
form, being 0°62--0'7 mm. long and o0°38—o'4 mm. broad; the
measurements of nine eggs are as follows: 0°62 mm.xo0'38 mm.;
0°62 mm. x 0°39 mm. ; 0°62 mm.xo'4 mm. ; 0°63 mm. x 0°38 mm. ;
0°64 mm. x 0°39 mm. ; 0°65 mm.xo'4 mm. ; 0°66 mm. x 0°38 mm. ;
0°68 mim. x 0'4 mm. and 0°7 mm. X 0°39 mm.
The measurements of these eggs agree with those indicated by
Dr. Calman (/.c.) for specimens from the same Lake Victoria Nyanza ;
also as regards the measurements of the rst legs, his specimens
agree with those of Table B, but the dactyli of the three posterior
legs are apparently a little shorter in Calman’s specimens.
2. Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. natalensis, nov
TABLE C.
(Plate xx, figs. 3, 3@, 30.)
Prof. Max Weber, in his quoted paper on the freshwater fauna
of South Africa, referred numerous specimens collected by him in
the rivers of Natal, partly to the typical form of Car. wyckit (Hicks.),
partly to a new variety paucipara. A close examination of three
adult ova-bearing females from the river Umgeni,—co-types re-
ceived from him,—proved, however, that they only differ from
the typical species, inhabiting Egypt, by the much smaller size of
the eggs, whereas they fully agree with it as regards the measurements
of the thoracic legs (compare Table C with Table A).
According to Max Weber the dactyli of the 3rd pair should
measure +, those of the 5th +, of the length of the propodites ;
in the three co-types, however, measured on Table C, the dactyl
appear distinctly longer. But even when supposing that the dactyli
are in other specimens indeed as short as indicated by Prof. Weber,
there are apparently still other differences between this Natal
variety and the var. brachydactyla, nov., from Celebes. The fingers
of the 1st legs are in the females from the river Umgeni about once
and a half as long as the palm, but in the var. brachydactyla ' twice
or more than twice as long; the fingers of the 2nd legs appear also
comparatively longer in the var. brachydactyla than in the var.
natalensis. The dactyli of the three posterior legs show a still
stouter shape in the Indian variety, and those of the 3rd pair carry
only six or seven spines, the terminal claw included, but in the
var. natalensis, though sometimes seven, also often eight or nine,
as was already indicated by Max Weber.
The ischium of the three posterior legs appears unarmed in the
females from the river Umgeni. The meropodite of the 3rd
legs is armed with three spines, the Ist just or nearly in the middle
of the joint, the 3rd near the distal extremity and the 2nd midway
between the 1st and the 3rd, or a little nearer to the 2nd. The
| Prof. Weber did compare, of course, his Natal specimens with the material
described by me in 1892 (/.c.); the ‘‘ typical form ”’ of Car, wyckii appears now as
the var. brachvdactyla,
igo8. | Records of the Indian Museum. 263
carpus has also a spine near the far end. The meropodite of the
5th legs has but one spine near the distal extremity, there is also
a spine on the carpus near the far end, and one observes five small
spinules between this spine and the proximal extremity of this joint.
The ova are 0°42—0°48 mm. long and 0°24—0'295 mm. broad,
presenting the same size as those of the var. bengalensis and of
the var. bvachydactyla. The measurements of ten eggs are as
follows : 0°42*%0°27 mm. ; 0°42 0°29 mm. ; 0°43 0°26 mm. ; 0°43
¥O26 “min: +--0-44% 0°24 tlm..; 044% 0'27 mm. (two eggs)’;
0°44X%0°'29 mm.; 0°455x0°285 mm.; 0°40x0'295 mm.
The specimens from the Lake Nyasa, described by Dr. Cal-
man (/.c., p. 190), are probably to be referred to this variety.
3. Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. pauctpara, M. Weber.
TABLE D.
(Plate xx, figs. 4, 4a, 40.)
Canidina wyckit, Hickson, var. pauctpara, Max Weber, Lc.,
DALOS.
This variety, which inhabits the rivers Umhloti and Umhlasine,
and together with the var. natalensis the river Umbilo, all situated
in Natal, differs from the typical form of Egypt (1) by the slen-
derey dactyli of the 5th legs, which dactyli are armed with 60—74
spinules instead of 4o—50; (2) by somewhat larger eggs ; and (3) per-
haps also by the rostrum. The teeth on the upper edge should be,
according to Max Weber, I1I—20 in number, less, therefore, than
in the Egyptian species; in two of the five co-types the measurements
of which are given in Table D the rostrum carries one subapical
tooth, in two others this tooth is w anting altogether, in the fifth
specimen the tip of the rostrum is injured. The unarmed terminal
part is described as being somewhat shorter or just as long as the
toothed part of the upper margin; in No. 2 of Table D the un-
armed part appears even a trifle longer than the row of teeth, in
No. I it is just as long, and in two other specimens the toothed part
appears once and a half as long as the unarmed one. As regards
the number of teeth on the lower margin (12—18) this variety
agrees with the typical form.
When the measurements of the legs given in Table D are com-
pared with those of the Egyptian form in Table A, one observes a
close resemblance except only in the proportion between length and
breadth of the dactyli of the 5th pair ; in the paucipara specimens this
proportion varies between 4°6 and 6-2, in the typical form, however,
between 4 and 4°6. It ought, however, to be remarked that in some
specimens of both varieties the same number (4°6) sometimes occurs,
and in these individuals the dactyli present just the same form.
In the egg-bearing female No. 1 the ischium of the 3rd legs is armed
with a spine near the far end of its lower margin ; the meropodite
carries three spines, the 2nd somewhat nearer to the distal extremity
than to the proximal, the 1st midway between the 2nd and the
264 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. (Vor:
proximal extremity, the 3rd near the far end. Carpus with a
spine near the distal extremity. The ischium of the 5th legs is
unarmed, the meropodite carries two spines, the Ist nearer to the
distal than to the proximal extremity, the 2nd near the distal end.
Carpus also with a spine near the distal extremity. Another co-type
(No. 4) agrees as regards the armature of ischium and meropodite
with the preceding specimen.
According to Weber’s description the dactylus of the 3rd and
4th pairs should measure about 1, that of the 5th 1 of the pro-
podite : in the co-types measured on Table D, these dactyli appear
a little longer.
The eggs (fig. 4b) are few in number and the Jargest of all
the other varieties: they are o796—1'06 mm. long and 0°55
—o'67 mm. broad. Nine eggs of No. 1 presented the following
measurements : 0°96 x 0°6 mm. ; 0°97 x 0°62 mm. ; 0°98 x 0°62 mm. ;
0°98 x 0°67 mm. ; Ix 0°62 mm. ; 1°02 x 0°62 mm.; I'02x 0°63 mm. ;
1'02x0'64 mm.; 1°05x0'6 mm. Four eggs of female No. 3
presented the following measurements: I°1x0'64 mm.; 1°04
x 0°64 mm. ; 1°04 x 0°65 mm. ; 1°06 x 0°62 mm.; and the measure-
ments, finally, of four eggs of No. 4 were 0°96x0°55 mm. ; 0°97
xo'58 mm.; o'98x 0°59 mm. and 1x0'58 mm.
4. Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. longirostvis, H. M. Edw.
TABLE E
(Plate xx, figs. 5, 5a, 50.)
Caridina longirostris, H. Milne Edwards,.Hist. Nat. Crust.,
li, 1837, p. 363; de Man, /.c., 1892, p. 396, tab. xxiv, fig. 20/,
29m, 29 mm; Bouvier, /.c., 1905, p. 78.
The 20 specimens, co-types, of Car. longivosivis from the river
Macta, Oran, that are lying before me are the same that were
examined and figured by me in 1892. ‘Ten have been measured
(Table E). This form proved to be quite different from the
Egyptian typical species ; it may at once he distinguished by its
much smaller eggs (fig. 5b), which are as small as those of the
varieties gracilipes, de M., and brachydactyla, de M., from Celebes,
being 0°33--0°39 mm. long and 0°21I—o0'26 mm. broad. So, ¢.g., five
eggs of the female No. 2, which was 18°5 mm. long, presented the
following measurements : 0°35 x 0°21 mm. ; 0°38 x 0°24 mm. ; 0°38x
0°25 mm.; 0°38x0'26 mm. ; 0°39 x 0°23 mm.; and five eggs of the
female No. 7, 16°5 mm. long, the following: 0°33x0°23 mm. ;
0°34 x 0°23- mm..;- 0°36x:0°23 mm, ;:0°36 0°24. mm: 5. 0°37 0°25
mim,
The toothing-formule of the rostrum of three specimens that
are not in the Table are as follows :—
I5'4r I8'+2 1941
i ea 14? 15
and in these specimens the proportion between the length of the
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. . 2605
toothed part and that of the terminal unarmed part of the upper
margin is respectively expressed by the numbers 1°38, 2 and 1°4.
Besides one subapical tooth, the upper edge is armed with 14—21
teeth, the lower with II—17. On an average the toothed part of
the upper edge appears only once and a half as long as the termi-
nal unarmed part, but in the typical form from the Nile the un-
armed part is usually shorter, measuring sometimes even barely one-
third of the toothed part (Table A, No. 4). My contention (l.c.,
1892, p. 396) that all the upper teeth are placed on the rostrum
proper, proved to be erroneous, for one or two are placed on the
carapace behind the orbital margin. This variety is, however, also
distinguished by the thoracic legs. The carpus of the Ist legs
appears usually broader in proportion to its length than in the
typical form of Egypt and than in the other varieties, except
the var. wyckit, Hicks., and the var. minahassa, de M. The average
number, indeed, indicating the proportion between length and
breadth of the carpus is for the eight measured specimens from
the river Macta 1°64, but for the ten of the typical form from Cairo
2; the carpus of the var. longivostvis appears therefore on the aver-
age once and a half as long as broad. As is proved by the measure-
ments, the shape of the carpus of the 2nd legs is very variable : in
some specimens, indeed, this joint is not quite four times, but in
_other cases almost five times as long as broad.
The dactyli of the three posterior legs are always a little longer
than one-fourth of the propodite, nearly as in the Egyptian form,
but they are a litile slenderey; those of the 3rd pair are armed
with 7—1I0 spines, the terminal claw included, those of the 5th
with 35—40. ‘The ischium of the 3rd legs carries a spine in the
middle, the meropodite of these legs is armed with 3 spines, the 2nd
about in the middle, the Ist midway between the 2nd and the
proximal extremity, the 3rd near the distalend. Carpus witha spine
near the far end and with two smaller spinules between this spine
and the proximal extremity. The meropodite of the 5th legs
Carries a spine just in the middle and one near the distal extremity,
while one also observes a spine near the distal end of the carpus.
The var. Jongivostris attains a length of I9 mm., its size being
smaller than that of the typical form.
5. Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. bengalensis, nov.
TABLE F.
(Plate xx, figs. 6, 6a, 60.)
Caridina wyckii (Hickson), Henderson, ‘* A Contribution to
Indian Carcinology,” 1893, p. 434 (Trans. Linnean Soc. Zool., Ser.
2, vol. v) ; Nobili, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xviii, No. 452, 1903, p.6.
The I9I specimens enumerated above and collected in brack-
ish ponds at Port Canning and at Dhappa, near Calcutta, appar-
ently belong to a new variety, different from those living in
Africa as also from the varieties that have been observed on the
islands of the Indian Archipelago. ‘This new variety differs from
266 J. G. pe MAN: Caridina nilotica. [ Vor. 41,
the typical form of Car. nilotica of Egypt by the slenderer dactyli
of the three posterior legs and by the much smaller eggs ; it presents
a greater resemblance to the var. gvacilipes, de M., from Celebes.
The examination of 61 specimens, mostly adult or egg-bearing,
from Port Canning, proved the following: The usual number of
tecth in the proximal series of the upper margin.vartes between 20 and
24 ; in ten specimens 24 teeth were observed, in nine 23, in nine
22, in ten 21 and in eight 20; in two specimens the proximal row
consisted of 25 teeth, in three of 26, in three of 27, in one of 29;
in only two individuals were Ig teeth and in only one (very young)
specimen were 17 teeth observed. The rostrum usually extends
slightly beyond the antennal scales, or it appears just as long,
rarely is it a little shorter. In all the specimens the proximal row
of teeth appears considerably longer than the terminal unarmed
part and the proportion between the length of the latter and that
of the proximal row of teeth is as 1: 2—4'5. Whereas in the adult
ova-bearing female (No. 1 of Table F) 28 mm. in length, the proximal
row of teeth is only twice as long as the terminal unarmed part, it is
4 or 5 times as long ina quite young specimen (No. 15) 12°5 mm. in
length, and, as is shown by the Table, the other specimens present
all possible intermediate proportions. Usually two teeth are
placed on the carapace, often, however, three and in one speci-
men four teeth are placed on the carapace. One observes one sub-
apical tooth as often as two; of the 61 specimens 24 carried one
subapical tooth, in 31 two subapical teeth were found, in 2 three
and in I specimen even four (compare the toothing-formule),
In some specimens one or two isolated teeth occur on the unarmed
terminal part of the upper edge between the proximal row and
the subapical tooth: of the 61 examined specimens, 13 presented
one isolated tooth and in one case two existed. The usual number
of teeth on the lower margin varies between II and 14: of the 61
specimens in sixteen the lower margin was armed with Ir teeth,
in eleven with 12, in eight with 13, in ten with 14, in two with 15,
in two with 16, in one with 17, in five with Io, in three with 8 and
in one with 6. One of the specimens in which the lower margin is
armed with 8 teeth and also that with 6 are adult ova-bearing
females.
The largest specimen from Dhappa (26°5 mm. long) differs
a little from the preceding. The rostrum projects with one-third
of its length beyond the antennal scales, 7.c., farther than in the Port
:s . . ee Ce ome
Canning specimens; it 1s os
3)
teeth of the upper margin are farther distant from each other than
the rest. In this specimen the proximal row of teeth is but 1°8
times as long as the terminal unarmed part.
In Table F the toothing-formule of 16 specimens are indicated ;
the formula—-
dentate and the two foremost
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum, 267
is that of an ova-bearing female, 16°5 mm. lovg, the rostrum of
which is slightly shorter than the scaphocerites and than the cara-
pace; and the formule of 45 other specimens, all from Port
Canning, are as follows :—-
I9+1+4+2 ; 22° +1+2 ;
So) one specimen. ar ae one specimen.
Toes st 22°+2+1
a es a ie
20°+1 234+ 2
8 ae) bs) >) 8 ) a9 2
20° + 3 23°+2
Io ) sp) I) Io 5) a +9
20° +2 23°+2 .
ot ie 5 ray two specimens.
20° +41 23 4-1
= he Ey Pe one specimen,
DOU ar 234 +2
13 ) ” ”) 14 99 29
207 rk 23°+14+?
Sy Hh si a ei GOES one 9)
a2 14
20° +142 2374142
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268 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. [Vot,. II,
According to my original description in. Max Weber's Zoolog.
Ergebn. einer Reise in Niederl. Ost-Indien, 11, 1892, p. 393, pil.
Xxiii, figs. 29 and 29e¢, according to Schenkel (Beitrag z. Kenntniss
der Dekapoden-fauna von Celebes, 1902, p. 498) and also accord-
ing to Bouvier (/.c., 1905, p. 73), the rostrum of the var. gracilipes
is characterised (1) by the proximal row of the upper edge consisting
of 12—20 teeth, the usual number being 15—17 (de Man); (2) by
the occurrence, usually, of one subapical tooth, rarely two ; (3) by
the unarmed terminal part being longer than the proximal row, or
just as long, or rarely shorter, but in the latter case the proximal
row of teeth is no more than twice as long as the unarmed part.
Schenkel, indeed, remarks about the rostrum: ‘‘ meist ungefahr
die Halfte, seitener nur + des Oberrandes zahnlos.” Ina single
specimen from the river Bonéa on the island of Saleyer the upper
margin presented 24 teeth (de Man, J/.c., 1892, p. 395), but this is,
no doubt, an exceptional case.
The upper surface of the telson carries four pairs of spinules, in
some specimens five spinules were observed on one side and four
on the other; the telson ends posteriorly in a very short tooth,
o'06 mm. long, whereas the hinder edge itself, 7.e., the linear distance
between the outer angles, is 0°35 mm. broad ; at either side of the
median tooth four spines are inserted, the first of which, at the
outer angle, is the shortest of all—o'12 mm. long ; the next spine is
the longest-—o0'33 mm. ; the third and the fourth are subequal, the
third being 0°22 mm. long, the fourth, contiguous to the median
tooth,o°'2mm. The telson of typical specimens of the var. gracilifes,
de M., from Maros, Celebes, which are lying before me, fully agrees
with that of the Bengal variety.
External maxillipeds reaching to the end of the antennular
peduncle.
The legs of the rst and 2nd pair agree with those of the typi-
cal form from Egypt and also with those of the var. graciiipes.
The carpus of the 2nd legs presents a rather variable form : some-
times (No. I) it is very slender, as in the var. gractlibes, but in other
specimens, also adult, its shape is as stout as in the var. longirosirts
from Oran (egg-bearing female No. 3).
The dactylus of the 3rd pair of legs (fig. 6), which is armed with
8—10 spines, the terminal claw included, usually presents the same
slender shape as 1n the var. evacilipes, it being 4 or more than 4 times
as long as broad ; rarely, however, has the dactylus the same stout
shape as in the typical Car. nilotica from Egypt, so, ¢.g., in the
ege-bearing female No. 7, the dactylus of which is 3°8 times as long
as broad. The meropodites of the 3rd legs are, in the adult
female, No. 1, ten times as long as broad and armed with three
stout spines of equal length (0'26—0'27 mm.); the first is inserted a
little nearer to the proximal than to the distal extremity, the
second is as far distant from the distal extremity as the first from
the proximal, and the third is placed close to the distal extremity.
A similar spine occurs near the middle of the ischium and another
near the distal end of the lower margin of the carpus,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 269
The meropodites of the 5th pair—-nine times as long as broad—
are armed with one spine just beyond the middle and another near
the distal extremity ; also a spine near the distal end of the carpus.
The dactyli, which are armed with 45—55 spinules, have the same
slender shape as in the var. gracilipes, being five or more than
five times as long as broad.
The eggs (fig. 6b) are a little larger than those of the var.
gvacilipes;; they are usually 0°45 or 0°46 mm. long and o'28 mm.
or 0°3 mm. broad, the length varying between 0°42 mm. and 0°49
mm., the breadth between 0°25 mm. and 0°3 mm. Females (15'5
min. long) gathered in Decemher in the brackish ponds of Port
Canning are already provided with eggs which are of just the same
size as those of the largest specimens, as, e.g., those of the female
(28 mm. long) collected in November.
This variety has also been observed by Henderson at MESH
and bv Nobili at Pondicherry.
6. Cardina nilotica (Roux), var. wyckit (Hickson).
Dr. Calman (/.c., 1907, p. 190) has pointed out, as was already
made probable by Prof. Bouvier, that the species described by
Hickson (/.c.) as Atya wycki, has the first carpus exactly as in the
types of Car. longivostris, H. M. Edw., and he adds that specimens
received from Prof. Hickson agree very closely with the var. mina-
hassa described by me, differing chiefly in the shorter dactylus
of the three posterior legs, that of the 4th pair being less than one-
fifth, and that of the 5th pair one-fourth of the corresponding pro-
podus. MHickson’s species, which was discovered in Lake Tondano,
situated also in that mountain district of Minahassa, Celebes, thus
proves to be a proper variety distinguished from the var. mina-
hassa, de M., as from the var. longirostris, H. M. Edw., by the
short dactylt of the three posterior legs. Unfortunately neither
Hickson nor Calman indicate the size of the eggs. Hickson’s
variety is not lying before me, so that as regards the other
characters of this form I must refer to his papet.
7. Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. brachydactyla nov.
y
TABLE G.
(Plate xx, figs. 8 a—c.)
Synon.: Caridina wycki, de Man, l.c., 1892, pp. 386—393,
tab. xxiv, fig. 29/, 29g, 297, 2977, 29k, 2Q9¢c, 2Q9dd (typical form).
The preceding remarks about the var. wyckii (Hickson) prove
at once that that form which I considered in 1892 (/.c.) to be the
typical form of Car. wyckit, is, indeed, quite distinct, differing
chiefly by the more slender carpus of the 1st pair of legs. This carpus,
indeed, appears 2°I--2'5 times as long as broad, presenting the same
form as in the typical Car. milotica from the ‘Nile. This variety,
which has been observed on the islands of Celebes, Saleyer and
Flores, may henceforth be known under the name of brachydactyla,
270 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. [Vor
Though it has been fully described in my work of 1892, I wish
to add the following: In this work, p. 390, the fingers of the first
legs are said to be about once and a half as long as the palm; this
observation, probably made by means of a feeble magnifying-glass,
proved to be erroneous. Four adult ova-bearing females, co-types
of the specimens described in 1892 and taken out of Prof. Weber’s
collection, have now been exactly measured under the microscope,
(Table G): the fingers of the Ist pair now appear to be 2—2°5
times as long as the palm. The carpus of the 2nd legs appears in
some specimens very slender (six times as long as thick distally)
(Table G, No. 3), but in other individuals it presents the same form
as in the typical nilotica from the Nile and as in the var. longi-
vostris. ‘The fingers of the 2nd chele now prove also to be more
than twice as long as the palm.
There is no spine on the ischial joint of the three posterior
legs. The meropodites of the 3rd legs are armed with 3 spines ;
the 2nd spine is placed just beyond the middle, the 1st midway be-
tween the 2nd and the proximal extremity of this joint or somewhat
nearer to the 2nd spine, the 3rd near the distal extremity. Carpus
with a spine near the far end. The dactyli measure about 4 the
length of the propodite.
The meropodites of the 5th legs carry one spine near the distal
extremity, as also their carpus; the dactyli are also short, measur
ing 1-1 the length of the propodite.
Quite characteristic is the stout shape of the dactyli of the three
posterior legs, though it ought to be remarked that the shape of
those of the 3rd legs is somewhat variable (cf. Nos. 1 and 4 of
Table G).
The eggs are very numerous and small, 0°39—0'44 mm. long
and 0'22—0'25 mm. broad, presenting nearly the same size as those
of the var. bengalensis and natalensis. Nine eggs of the female
No. 1 from Mbawa, Flores, show the following measurements: 0°39
mm.% 0°23 mm. ; 0°4 mm X0'23 mm.; o4x0'24 mm. +041 x 6722
mim, ; 0°42%.0'23 mm. 20'42 * 0°24" min, ; 0:42 <0.25 “mil. 7 O42
x 0°23 mm.; 0'44x0'24 mm.
8. Caridina milotica (Roux), var. gracilipes, de M.
TABLE H.
(Plate xx; figs! 7.94, 70:)
Caridina wyckit, Hickson, var. gractlipes, de Man, J.c., 1892,
p. 393, tab. xxiv, figs. 29 a—e.
This variety, which inhabits the islands of Celebes and Saleyer,
is chiefly characterised by the slender dactyli of the three posterior
legs, by the carpus of the rst legs being twice or a little more than
twice as long as broad, by the shape and toothing of the rostrum and
by its small eggs, which are usually 0°35 mm. long. ‘Three co-types,
adult ova-bearing females, from Maros, Celebes, are measured on
Table H. In two of the three the fingers of the 1st chela appear
1908, | Records. of the Indian Museum. 27%
a little more than once and a half, and those of the 2nd pair 1°8 to
2 times as long as the palm. The dactyli of the 3rd legs, which
in two of the three females appear a little shorter, but in the third
even a little longer than + of the propodite, are armed with g or Io
spines, the terminal claw included, but, according to the original
description, they are often armed with II or I2 spines.
The specimens referred by Schenkel (/.c., p. 498) to this variety
seem partly to belong to another form,—probably to the var. wychiz
(Hicks.),—because in some of his specimens the carpus presented
the same shape as in the var. longirostris.
The var. gracilipes is most closely related to the var. bengalensis,
from which it seems to differ by the characters of the rostrum and
by slightly smaller eggs.
9g. Candina nilotica (Roux), vat. minahassa, de M.
TABLE I,
(Plate xx, figs. -9, 9a, 9b.)
Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. minahassa, de Man, /.c., Ig02,
p. 895.
Table I is taken from that in the quoted paper, the numbers
having been calculated. This variety is most closely related to the
var. dongirvostris, H. M. Edw., from Oran, but differs (1) by the much
larger size of its eggs which are 0°55 mm. long, or once and a half
as long as those of the variety inhabiting the river Macta ; (2) by the
dactyli of the third legs being slightly shorter in proportion to the
length of the propodite (compare Tables E and I). The dactyli
of the three posterior legs have the same slender shape as those of
the varieties longivostris and gracilipes, but those of the third pair
are armed with 7 or 8 spines, the terminal claw included, whereas
those of the fifth pair carry 33—38 spinules as in the African variety.
272 TABLE
Measurements of the typical form of Caridina
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3
Length from tip of rostrum to tip of telson -
in millimetres .. sie - PSs) 28°5 27°5
Toothing-formula of the rostrum | a ae ‘2 an 2 “
Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than ae |
scaphocerites : Serene > SS
Rostrum longer >, or shorter 2 than the | | |
carapace... by eee == >
Proportion between the length of the tooth- | |
ed and that of the unarmed ae of the | | |
upper margin oa 2 |
Length of carpus A os = = | I i 02
Breadth of carpus : ; | 0°54 0°52 0°46
Proportion between length and breadth of oh |
carpus seh] ee LO 1°92 222
Length of chela | Ova 1°36 Te3
Breadth of chela as 0°05 | 0°63 0°6
Length of fingers | a | 0°83 | 0°79 082
Proportion between length of fingers and a
that of palm lie 677353 1°39 L7
Proportion between length and breadth of | 3.
chela af — 2°15 215. i)" 2506
Length of carpus = ak 1°76 | 1°8 18
Breadth of carpus at distal extremity se ge | OE 0°42 0°36
Proportion between oo and breadth of | 3% | |
carpus ; ag este 4°3 5
Length of chela aie ne =) 125 1°45
Breadth of chela ae | O57 | 0°59 0°55
Length of fingers : | - 0°92 | 0°88 o'g1
Proportion between the length of fingers > wee |e 7 margin is shorter
| _ than the tooth-
| | | Cd part =) im
gine 1°83 1°68 1°65 | 186 | 2°46 | | No. 3 and No.1o
rr 0°92 0°94 i | OO. | 0°78 | 0°65 | the tip of the
0°49 | O51 | 0°46 | 0°52 | 0°36 | 0°36) 0:29 | rostrum is in-
| | | feejuzed.
2 18! 2 | 92 | 25 | 217 | 2°2 |%n No. 8 the dac-
1°34 | 1°28 Ii5 | r25 | ro5 | tf | 0°88 tylus of fifth
0759 0°628 0°59 0°66 | 0°47 | 0°46 | 0°38 legs is broken at
0°82 | 0°78 o-7I 0°75 | 0°68 | 0°63 | 0°56 | the extremity.
1°58 | 1°50 ror | rs | r84] 07 | 175 |
2°3 | 2 2 eee aie, B20 27 | 2:3
1°68 | 164 | r64 | 156] 146 | 134 | Ir |
0°38 | 0°37 | 0°36 | 0°38 | 0°28 | 0°276) o:22 |
442 44 4°55 ale ee | 5
may PA |e |, 35 | 15 | TE 0°96
0°53 | 055) 0'554 —0°5O | 0°426| 07435, 0°36
0792 0°92, 08 0°83 | 0°73 | 0°69 | 0°64
cya Ot a 16 r6 | 44) 1°68
2°7 | 2°35 | 2°35 2°4 27 | 253+) 2°7
28 | 2°14 | 2°18 2°12 | T9g4 |} 175) 15
o'184 o'16 0°166 o'172| 0°154| O16 | O13
12°5 |13°4 131 12's | 126 | IEIE | BET | |
0°56 | 0°56 | 0°52 0°36 | 0°55 | 0°49) 0°45 |
41 | 38 4°2 ao 1353 |, 304) 33
OpEGs| FOIT5 <1 o'l4 o'156| o'14 | O14 | O'F16)
Ny
“I
ols
TABLE B,
J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica.
[Vor I;
Measurements of shecumens from the Lake Victoria Nvanza.
No. I
Length from tip of rostrum to tip of telson in milli-
metres va oe ay,
Toothing-formula of the rostrum .. - : pee Pa :
Rostrum longer > , or shorter < than the scaphocerites =
Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than the carapace .. >
Proportion between the length of the toothed and
that of the unarmed De of the aes margin .. i
Length of carpus ) go 0°88
Breadth of carpus za | 2 1 O40R
Proportion between length and breadth of carpus c(i | 22>)
Length of chela ae = Lk 5G Van
Breadth of chela (itera Og
Length of fingers | w |. 068
Proportion between length ot fingers and that of palm mM | 162
Proportion between length and breadth of chela J eee
Length of carpus - vee) geal oom
Breadth of carpus at distal extremity : + | 2) | 0°306
Proportion between length and breadth of carpus hea | 2
Length of chela 3 = - | Chal Poe
Breadth of chela .. bo] 0-446)
Length of fingers Pa! 50-77
Proportion between the jength of fingers and that of z
palm oe Maat ee tarp’
Proportion between length and breadth of chela 238] 273
Length of propodite Ss yy 2°16
Breadth of propodite in the middle - | S| O15
Proportion between length and breadth of propodite va | TAP
Length of dactylus ‘ "O|, 0°57
Proportion between length of propodite a and that of Le
dactylus a ge Sy le BO
Breadth of dactylus a2 Sed, i 1 O23
Proportion between length and breadth of dactylus Po) es eee
Number of spines of dactylus terminal claw included J ‘6 | Io
Length of propodite -\ g| 2°42
Breadth of propodite in the middle - | ap | OrEy
Proportion between length and breadth of propodite | 4
Length of dactylus : oo} 08
Proportion between length of propodite a and that of ee
dactylus 7 A} 3
Breadth of dactylus ile oy | o16
Proportion between length and breadth of dactylus . tif a 5
Number of spines of dactylus, terminal claw included J © | 50
No. 2
1908. |
Records
‘TABLE:
Measurements of Cari-
dina nilotica (Rowx),
var. natalensis nov.
of the Indian Museum.
TABLE D.
279
Measurements of Car. nilotica
(Roux), var. paucipara,
Max Weber.
Noy rE |No.2 |-Nov3 No. r | No. 2 | No. 3 | No. 4| No. 5 | REMARKS.
392 | -36°5. |) 34 34-1) 33°50 325 | 32. | 29 BS Weg
2o2+1/18l+1| 17241 138+1| 13+0 |. 162+0| 198+?) 1641 ee
14 10 18 18 14 12 16 20 g a =
> > > = = = > eas
Leer | Ui
> > 2 > > < > £2 aoe
1 Ge To ag ag al Oa a nf O95 4125 we 1°43 A oO = E
I'4 EeZ62i 222 172 E34 1220. |- 1828: 1°06 a ee
0°72: |) 0162) |-0°56 0°68 | 0684) 0°64 | 0:71 | 0°47 Sp Pee
2 2 2°2 ii76\) ¥ 96: 2 E8e| 23 Baas
Tf) eOAa be res Soci ly el 50n) Os | E22 nee
o'81 | 074 | 0°73 0:84 | 0:93 | 0°78 | 0°87 | 06 GAs
097 | ror | 085 0-89 | 0°92 | 0°86 | 0°87 | 0°76 ‘EE OA
ieee eaeche E35) | eee | 23 | rire | 165 2 =
DT? io) Al Ber 184 | 183 | 2 ro | 21 | “eA
23 - Ne ge8. = |e ZeoOA ih Brass 222) O34 | 1G get
05 | 0°47 | 0°45 051 | 0°49 | 047 | 048 | 037) £8 5B
Ore a5 4°06 4 037| 5 Ah a 5 571 o aad
Te 75 lee e707 he 1 OF 18 axe) 7 1°75 | 1°44 ee
067 | 068 | 0°64 OFA | sO 7OtleO7E O72. | 0°54 Gu g E
T°00'-) 1°52 | 1-04 EIQ.) 21°25) 1°07 | r'05 | 0°98 Apes
whys
: ; ; 3 ; ‘ ‘m Ym Oo
O75 sal 7S OS et sis WO o)l ik hi) 22m Bas 8
2°02 22:6 23|. 255 2°43| 25 | 24 | 2°43] 266) goon
ZT | 2°96 | 2°85 2°05 | 3 3°08 | 2°85 | 2°35 | “d's YS
0°226| 0°208] o'19 0°22 |. 0'23.|:.0°22" |, 0'224| -0°224 5 Bons
13°7, | tara. 05 EA 13 14 1272) 10'S eh v v = ee
0°68 | 0°67 | 0°63 W057) O06: |.0:72 |, 6266: |) -0'6 ish Bee
| BOA S
40 | 44 5 AeA MAS LIA. Ase head Oi Pl aS concn s
o'188) o18 | 0°18 0186) 0:2 | 0°188) o'194| 0178] ss aa Es
37 Wi37-"| 3°5 S05). 3-235? |.3 4. 337 | oF See
omasle) 7 9 8 8 8 9 es actt os
37 1173 0.346 Be 7037 | SOC 38a a Sogene
0°216) 0°22 | 0°95 0'244| 0°24 | O'2I | 0°238) O-1Q6| aS oa aaa
17. toss (es iS [15:7 |\18 Isr. |1608-.| 5-58-98
0°82 | 0°88 | 0°82 TOF |) Oe FPOs ehS iO OSs | eiau eae Gare
| Eres g
Ae Weal | Wd 22 3:4. | 3°35 | 31 | 3:2.) 336] wvons
o'2 | o'r98| 0186 0'232| 0°22 | o'Ig | 0°22 | 07184 ~ z <3
47 | 44 | 44 AO 4G a, 12 1.520 532) +. ag
50 530 ~— 46 62 - yo =-172° “\he 68 Soe
276 TABLE
Measurements of Caridina nilotica (Roux)
Z a ee rere en em
No. I} No. 2| No. 3| No. 4| No. 5
Length from tip of rostrum to tip of telson in |
millimetres A, ie . ms [Oy 1.18'5 18 LO izes
Toothing-formula of the rostrum s _ : es : a : ad ‘Ss :
Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than the sca- slightly) slightly] slightly slightly
phocerites ie Bs a es = > > > >
Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than the ‘slightly’ slightly| slightly
carapace anaes < ce > Zi
Proportion between the length of the toothed |
and of the unarmed part of the: ae margin 1°65 | 1°32.) “12471-2035 cA
Length of carpus .. Gs oe) 0°84 | ‘0°82 O75 al OZ.
Breadth of carpus o 0°48 | 0°54 05 0°4
Proportion between length and breadth of af | |
carpus a 18 Acta ee Gas | I°5 1°75
Length of chela | LEZ | -r°2 E087 ar
Breadth of chela .. r = 0°56 | 0°67 0°59 | O'5
Length of fingers .. - 0°66 | 0°64 | 0°64 | 0°68
Proportion between length of fingers and that | 2
of palm is tee 15 1°16 246") oer
Proportion between length and breadth of chela ) 2 18 r O35 72
Length of carpus .. Pa ie LAs) 3242 E32
Breadth of carpus at distal extremity : oP 0°335| 0°38 0'288
Proportion between length and breadth of carpus He 4°36 | 3°97 | | 4°6
Length of chela : ~ i : PIO. i 1°08
Breadth of chela .. an a Move 05 | 058 0424
Length of fingers .. a 0-78 | 078 0°78
Proportion between the length of fingers and = |
that of palm oh I'95 | 195 | 2°6
Proportion between length | brenden of ARN Js 2°36 | 2 | 2:55
Length of propodite ws -) | 1°88 | 1°8 1°82 1°65
Breadth of propodite in the middle Me | O°146) o'15 | O'124 07122
Proportion between length and breadth of pro- go |
podite i ; ae ie) | 12 14°7 135
Length of dactylus eo) O51 | 0°52 | O'5 0°47
Proportion between length of propodite and | 4 |
that of dactylus os : oe ast 3°77 | 36 | 3°64 35
Breadth of dactylus ies O12 | O'I24|,-O:LI o'r
Proportion between length ‘and breadth of dac- a | |
tylus 6 4°25 | 4°2 4°5 AT
Number of spines ‘of dactylus, terminal claw |
included : a as J | 8 205 4 EG 8
Length of propodite - sy 2°08 © | 1°88 | 1°84
Breadth of propodite in the middle = | O°%2 | OF Oe
Proportion between length and breadth of | ¥, | |
propodite Sy | |T6°3= | 16-7,
Length of dactvlus : a 06 © | AOD? Olas
Proportion between length of propodite and ae | | |
that of dactylus a : S: 3°46 | 34 3°54
Breadth of dactylus a, fie er ieee O12) OL | Onis
Proportion between length and breadth of | 4% |
dactylus “s 5 5 4°7
Number of spines ‘of dactylus, terminal claw | |
included ee ng a ot 37 | 35 ie)
TABLE G. 277,
E. Measurements of Caridina nilotica (Roux), var.
var. longirostris, H. M. Edw. brachydactyla nov.
No. 6 |No. 7 | No. 8|No.g |No. 10 No.1} No 2 | No. 3 | No. 4 | REMARKS.
7) 16'5 10°5 | 14 31°5 31 33 | 29 No. 2 and No. ie of
TOtT | re4-1 lrostrum| 1641 |.162+1 Tos+1| 241-2 26842 22+1 | ‘Table E are ova-
16 16 |broken | 76 iA 13 16° |)9i5 1 915.°| bearing females.
slightly of | slightly | slightly The four specimens
= > re > < = ile lee= sl “ot Lable:G are all
slightly | | slightly, slightly slightly) ova-bearing; No.
= > eae > =< > | < | > | fg and No. 2 are
| | | | | from Mbawa,
T25°| 2°18 oO" | ray I'°9 33 | 44 | 2 | Flores; No. 3 and
0°78 | 0°75 | 08 — 0°59 £°32 I'I5 | 1°56 | 13 4 from Palopo,
0°48 | 0°48 | 0-42 | 0°39 0°64 0°48 | 0°63. 9°54 | Celebes, all co-
| | | | types of Max
1627/1750 | x°9 leaps 21 24 | 25 | 24 | Weber’s collec-
or ie | yro2 O'QI 1'7 1°56 | xr'94 | 1°6 tion of 1892.
o6 | 058] 05 | | 05 077 o6r 0°88 | O71
0°67 | 0°64 | 0°65 0°54 I'I4 pn Oa Ae keV i aE
1°56 | 1°39 | 1°75 | E35 2 2°5 2°23 | 2°2
1°83 | IQ | 2°04 1°82 a2 | 2°56) a2 | 2°25
TL Ae er eS lesa eT 2°18 | iO5) | 2:76 | 23
bs 0°33 | 0°295} 0°34 | 0296 0748 | 04 | 07464) 0°42
4°7 3°4 45 | » 4°87 a
TOOr|, 101 1:06 | 0°92 E°74 |. > 175 | 2°03 | 74
0°5 0°45 | O°5 0°48 0°72 06 0°76 | 0°64
7, 0°74 | O'7I | 0°59 I'25 12 T45,) E18
I'I5| 2°05 | 2 1°78 O85 |e 222 | 25." | 22
BiG 24a) 20 ||. T9 A ae a yy ad a a
(4th pair). | |
58 | 178 | 1-7 1-62 7°36 6 nee 9 ees oe ee,
O13 | O'122| o-rr8| o:122|- or O°224) 9 Oe” Ore 32) (O17
[2k |14°6 |rA4- | 133° | 12°3 13°8 162 |r4-7. 182
0°44 | 05 | 0°46 | 0°44 | 04 05 | 052 | 0°58 | 0°52
36 | 35 | 37 | 37 | 34 DZ Oe Oe Nie Shea,
O'II | o'108 0096) OF | 0094 =0'I86— 068 0-198) 0°T46
4 | 47 | 48 | 44 |42 7 Geel Be 5
Beto. We) lg hg Zs heise 6118
iO “| F644 | 1°75 | 1°44 Asie! si | 45 |
O°rr8} o°I02 0°06 0-098 0°24 0°22 |
EOE) | LG 163 | 14-7 Lge }20).8 7 | |
0°54 | 0°56 O'5I | 0°44 0°68 } 0°83 | |
3°5 | 3:28 | | 34 | 327 6 | oar |
O°II5| 0-102) O'II 0°004 O27 | | 0°22 |
Al 5 4°60 4°68 a4 | | aS | |
36 39 135 30 34 }50 | |
278 TABLE
Measurements of Caridina nilotica (Roux),
No. 1} No. 2| No. 3 | No. 4 No. 5
Length in millimetres from ae of rostrum to |
tip of telson .. ae at 28 25: 23 23 eS
Toothing-formula of ce rostrum .. ee 8 = 7 z os 7 2 a 7
Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than the sca- slightly) slightly slightly s
PUOCErtes,= = ss > > > rae
Rostrum longer > , or shorter < than the cara- slightly slightly
pace < = > = Pe,
Proportion between the length of the toothed
and that of the unarmed | cues of the ue
margin 2 4°4 3126 | --3 eahige2
Length of carpus os G 7) | 1:06 | 1702 | -0°9. “| 26°85 0°8
Breadth of carpus . | 048 | 0°58 | 0°46 | 0°43 0°36
Proportion between length and breadth of 80 eG
carpus ; a as 22 EB - 2 2 22
Length of chela Ko) i TSA ett Tone I'00
Breadth of chela 1 be 0°56 | 07 0°56 | 0°56 05
Length of fingers | & | 078 | 08 0°67 | 0°63 0°63
Proportion between length of fingers and | a7 | : ate
that of palm .. S I's rs 1°56: (1-34 Tc5
3
Proportion between length and bread i
chela a = a te) 237) Fo, 2 2 OX
Length of carpus a O58 I'5 1°48 1°46
Breadth of carpus at distal extremity [Por :
Proportion between oa and breadth of 8p |
carpus , en ee ie < 7 Ae aaa 5°6
Length of chela s 1°35.| 1°34.|. 1:28 | 115 Ter
Breadth of chela L-= | 0°46. | 0°56.| 0'47.| 044 0°38
Length of fingers mo 0 84 | 0°88 | 0°86 | 0°75 O72
Proportion between length of fingers and BSI
that of palm S 1°65 | 19 2 107, I'9
Proportion between length and breadth of | 8 | |
chela wed | 3 24 27 2°6 Vf 250
Length of propodite ae sy | 2°46 | 2°2 I'96
Breadth of propodite in the middle o18 | o'166 0146
Proportion between ae cand breadth of | gh | |
propodite : pees! 7 eur ae? ened:
Length of dactylus : 4s 06 | 0°55 | 0°5
Proportion between length of propodite and lee |
that of dactylus : os re Al 4 4
Breadth of dactylus ee OA) O18) 00 re
Proportion between length and breadth of 4
dactylus 5 7, Sa 4°
Number of spines of dactylus, terminal claw
included = . ig a |ZO - 9 9
Length of propodite es =. | 2°95 2°2 -|. 2°28
Breadth of propodite in the middle ig | O° 175 | O'126| O°142
Proportion between length and breadth of | ¥ |
propodite at oil Ly 17 16
Length of dactylus : as 0°88 | OF.
Proportion between length of propodite and 4
that of dactylus ; mae S 3°35] 33
Breadth of dactylus | = 0°16 O13
Proportion between length and breadth of in |
dactylus | 5°38 5°4
Number of spines of dactylus, terminal claw
included re ; ae ie 54 45
A Feel! eee ee el
FE,
var, bengalensis nov., from Port Canning.
» 6 | No. 7.|-No.-8
No. 9
No. 10
INO; Tr No. 12 No. 13 |No. 14 No. 15
20m 20 le kaise| 107 17 16 | 16-| 14:75) 14°53 | 123 | 10
2324+2 | 24341 | 21384+2) 2141 | 2624142 253+2/242+1/] 21+1 | 224+2/ 17+2
II 13 II II * 14 14 T5 13 12 II
slightly) slightly, slightly!
> = = < > $ > Se =
slightly slightly) slightly slightly) slightly,
> < < << > = > eel |
2°6 Seale 27, 2 | 38, -:| 2°85. BY No AS 2°55
0°78 | 0°82 | 0:79.| 0:76 | 0°55 | 0°68 | 0°56 | 0°53 .0°5 | 0°56] 0°32
0°42 | 0°46-|-0°44-|- 0°39 0'24-| O'4E-| 0°26" |.0°22"| “o'22 | 0735. |" O10
r'9 18 1°8 =95 2°3 1665|--2°1 2'4 2°3 I'6 2
TOO! |e L102 |F0°05 0°77 | 098:150:75 |- 0-72 |- 0°65 |- 0:8 0°46
0°52 | 0°55 | 0°54 | 0°472 0:32. | 05 O73 | 207-03 O'4I | 0°204
0°64 )-0°6 | 062 | 0°59 0°49 | 0°62 | 0°46 | 0°455| 0°4 | 0°48 | 0°274) . |
| | oO
T5235. 2 he W551, 16 175, |) Ie72eh 0 175 1-1'6 15 I'47 ES
| . | ia
2 2 WO, eo Ware 24 | 200 | 2:5--) 25) |-22" I rossl 2:25 63
123 |= 1540 |- 1333 | 4293 TO2. (0257). 7 | 0°88 | 0°98 | 0°55 lie
Oe (:0:3.41. 46737 | 0126 017 | 0:268) 018 | 0166) 0°22 | O13 ~@ ¥
| in g
#3 Oo. | 43h | 5 6 AG) 255 [pales a ge G9
ToL I'2 I°05 | 1°03 0°85 | I 0°82 | O77 0°86 | O51 ae
0°48 | 0°45 | 0°45 | 0°37 0°28 | 0°42 | 0'266) 0°24 | 0°33 | O17 Kaen
0°72 | 081 | 0°69 0°55 | 0°67 | 0°52 | | 0-46. 0°57 | 0°34 ae.
| | | ste
EO: 42h EO tei) 22 1°75 henG-* | 1°90") 2 as
| | | ise)
23. | 27 -|..2:33' | 2:8 3 Oss |s-3cT | |g 26 "3 one
1°76. | -1°84 | -1:7 ey P55 E32.) T° TOL) <124.| 0-76" a ee
0°128} 0°146| .0°13 o'106} 0-108 | 0°08 | 0 :094| O'09 | 0'062)% ->
2] | =H
137 |12°6 | 13 13-2. 143 | Ths t bared. "| tA 12 ba }
ites O24) We O.9 04 0°45 | | 0°36 | 0°33 | 036 | 0°:226 aie
| | | Ets
3:74-|-39 1-374 =| | 51> 3°44:-| 3°33 | 3°90. | 34 -| 3°36r6e5
0108) 0°24) o-r2 —0°088 0-006. | 0-076) 0°08 | 0°08 A
| | | | | | | O15
PAS S840 | ee oe ele L47 | 42 |. 45 ig
10 [SWND) |s oad 8 8 | cas as a OS) 6 oS "
2°06 | 1:86 | 3-72 r8 | 168 166 fs 224. «|: 346 ae
| | 6.0
0°146| 0°122| 0°125) 0°095|_ 0°114!- 0:094 | 0708 | oz en
PA aS 2 lta 1 ie@TO. a5 1177 | eee ee |
0°68 | 0°62- 06 - 0°54 | 0°56 | 0°53 | 0°48
2 O77, | ie 3 | om 3
0°136) o*12-|. o-r2 OF005)20:Ta | OL. || 0'086) 0°09
| |
5 5211 5 576 5 One ses. | | 5°4
Nos. 7—-9,
The rostrum of No. 5 was injured.
No. 11 and No. 15, Port Canning, December 8th, 1906.
No. I6/REMARKS.
Nos. I—9 and No. II are ova-bearing females.
280 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica.
TABLE H.
[ Vor. If,
Measurements of Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. gracilipes, de M.
Length in millimetres from tip of rostrum to tip of telson
Toothing-formula of the rostrum
Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than the scaphocerites..
Rostrum longer >, or shorter than the carapace
Proportion between the length of the toothed and that
of the unarmed part of the upper margin
Length of carpus - ne
Breadth of carpus
Proportion between length and breadth of carpus
Length of chela oe 26 35
Breadth of cheia
Length of fingers
Proportion between length of fingers and that of palm
Proportion between length and breadth of chela
Length of carpus : =
Breadth of carpus at distal extremity
Proportion between length and breadth of carpus
Length of chela
Breadth of chela
Length of fingers
Proportion between the length of fingers and that of palm
Proportion between length and breadth of chela
Length of propodite
Breadth of propodite in the middle
Proportion between length and breadth of propodite
Length of dactylus
Proportion between length ot propodi te and that of
dactylus ; :
Breadth of dactylus
Proportion between length and breadth of dactylus
Number of spines of dactylus, terminal claw included
Length of propodite
Breadth of propodite in the middle ..
Proportion between length and breadth of propodite
Length of dactylus
Proportion between eal of ' propodite and that of dac-
tylus... ; :
Breadth of dactylus.
Proportion between length and breadth of dactylus
Number of spines of dactylus, terminal claw included
~-—--
of 3rd pair of legs. of 2nd pair of legs. of 1st pair of legs.
a er abt esiGOL a aeNe Gnene
of 5th pair of legs.
° ° ° °
en
No. 2 | No. 3
27
202+ 1) 132+1
17 EE
slightly
> =
= >
I'6 0°75
ye 1°06
0°55 | 0°48
2 22
1-42 | 1°26
07 0°6
0°87 | o8
16 17a
2 oar
2 TAG TSO
0°39 | 9°35
a 5°4
I'5 14
0°59 | 0°52
0796 | 0°94
1:6 2
2°54) 2°77 |
(4th pair).
2°64 | 2°4
o'18 | o'r5
14°7 “| 06
o'61 | 0°55
432 | 4°4
o°128| 10713
48 4°2
10 Io
31 2°7
o'164|} o°r6
19 17
0°82 | 072
3S 375
0°156| 0°14 | o°146
6 5
57 | 46
ee
1908.
|
Records of the Indian Museum.
TABLE
[
281
Measurements of Caridina nilotica (touwx), vary. minahassa, de M.
No. 1 |No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5 |No. 6 | No. 7
No. 8| No. g |No. 10 REMARKS.
Nos. 1—3 of Table
H co-types of
the var. graci-
lipes, de M.,
| trom the river at
Maros, Celebes ;
No. x and No.
bot. 06s\) 664 406 2 ova-bearing.
9748.) 048 04 || 035 | Nos 10. of
tS Ta te ae, Table I co-types
E‘02'| 1°06) O°92 |- 0°09 of COURS aan
Ope ood ase 0°48 minahassa from
0°64 06 258 ee the Minahassa
a7 t3 a oe (Celebes) (Ku-
18 = he ae kenthal’s Col-
Bit2), SL reser lection).
0°32| 0°266] 0°25
35 | 42 4°4
1°04} 0°92 | 0°94
05 | 0°42 | 0°43
06 | 06 0°58
uy. Ty Ne 1'6
ya a ie 22
152 | 16] 13 I°4
O7L1| *O°r 0°092
15 |1%3 15
0°38 | 0°44} 0°33 | 0°35
4 36 | 4 4
0°08 | 0°09) 0:08 | 0°08
4°7 49 | 41 4°4
1°76 1°56
o°106 0°092
17 £7
0°51 0°47
3°4 3°3
Ol 0 092
51 5)
[VoL IT;
J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica.
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Records of the Indian Museum. 283
1908. |
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FIG:
bye.
2.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX,
The dactyli are enlarged 50 times, the eges 33 times.
1.—Caridina nilotica (Roux), typical form from Cairo, dactylus
of third pair of the egg-bearing female (No. 1 of Table
A); ta dactylus of fifth pair of the specimen No. 7; 16
egg, 0°86 mm. long, of the female No. 5.
2.—Car. nilotica (Roux), variety from Lake Victoria Nyanza,
dactylus of third pair of the female 27 mm. long, 2a
dactylus of fifth pair and 2b egg, 0°67 mm. long, of the
same female.
3.—Car. nilotica (Roux), var. natalensis nov., dactylus of third
pair of the female No. 1 of Table C; 3a dactylus of fifth
pair of the same female; 3b egg, o'42 mm. long, of
the female No. 2:
4..- Car. nilotica (Roux), var. paucipara, M. Weber, dactylus
of third pair ; 4a dactylus of fifth pair and 4) egg, I°04
mm. long, of the female No. 3 of Table D.
5.—Car. nilotica (Roux), var. dongirostris, H. M. Edw., dac-
tylus of third pair and 5a of fifth pair of the female
No. 7 of Table E; 5) egg, 0°39 mm. long, of the female
NO 42)
6.—Car. milotica (Roux), var. bengalensis nov., dactylus of
third pair of the female No. 6 of Table F; 6a dactylus
of fifth pair and 6) egg, 0:47 mm. long, of the female
Now Te
7.—Car. nilotica (Roux), var. gracilipes, de Man, dactylus of
third pair, 7a of fifth pair and 7) egg, 0°38 mm. long,
of the female No. 2 of Table H.
8.—Car. nilotica (Roux), var. brachydactyla, nov., dactylus of
third pair, 8) of fifth pair and 8c egg, 0°44 mm. long,
of the female No. 1 of Table G; 8a dactylus of third
pair of the female No. 4.
9.—Car. nilotica (Roux), var. minahassa, de Man, dactylus
of third pair and 9a of fifth pair of a specimen, 16 mm.
long, co-type from Kiikenthal’s Collection; 9) egg,
0°55 mm. long.
Mus. Vol. If. 1908,
Rec: Ind.
Edin*
MéFarlane & Erskine. Lith:
J. G. de'Man, del.
CARIDINA NILOTICA (Roux), AND ITS VARIETIES.
’
-
cy
oh
Ae
4
sy
MOSPX DE Se RIPLION OF AUNEW SPECIES: OF
CHARAXES FROMTHE BHUTAN
FRONTIER.
By G. W. V. DERHE-PHILIPE.
Charaxes vaidhaka, sp. nov.
Closely alliedto C. fabius, Fabricius. Termen of fore wing more
oblique, and both termen and dorsum shorter than in C. fabius,
giving the wing a narrower and more pointed appearance.
Upper side.—Fore wing, ground colour a deep velvety black,
darker generally than in the allied form; basal area greyish black.
Immaculate except for a subterminal series of cream-coloured spots
decreasing in size towards the apex; these spots larger and more
marked than in C. fabius, those at the posterior angle being twice
as large as in most examples of the latter. Hind wing, discal band
as in C. fabius, but generally paler and narrower; subterminal
series of light yellow spots complete, terminal markings greenish
blue, not yellow.
Under side.—Ground colour a purplish grey, appreciably differ-
ent from the usual ground colour of C. fabius. Markings arranged
as in the latter, but the discal white bar on the fore wing obsolete
and the sinuous black lines less defined. Ochreous red discal and
purple submarginal lunular markings on hind wing large and
distinct.
In regard to the outline of the fore wings, careful measure-
ments of several males of C. fabius from different parts of India
show the relative lengths of the costa, termen and dorsum to be in
the proportions of 100: 75: 64 or 65; while similar measurements
of the new form are in the proportions of 100: 70: 60. The dit-
ference in outline, though slight, is distinct.
The species is not represented either in the de Nicéville collec-
tion or in the Indian Museum collections; nor is it described in
Rothschild’s ‘‘Monograph on the Charaxes and allied genera”’
(Novitates Zoologice, vols. v, vi and vii). It would appear to ap-
proach some of the Malayan forms of the genus; except for the
almost unmarked fore wing, the upper side is not unlike that of
C. echo, Butler, as illustrated and described in the above work.
Expanse 3°16 inches. Described from a single male taken near
Jainti on the Raidhak River (Bhutan frontier), 2,000 feet, in June,
and now in my collection.
ROX RTE RSE Ro POR FO Neve EB COLLECTION
ORC Vip ler 47 eAN: Dr) CO RE TE RIDA IN
DEE INDIAN: MUSHUM. CALCUTTA, WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF UNEW GENERA: AND
SPECIES:
By Frep. V. THEOBALD, M.A., etc.
Amongst the first consignment of the large collection of mos-
quitoes sent me to examine by the Indian Museum, Calcutta, oalv
thirty-seven species were found. Amongst these are three new
species of Stegomyia; a new variety of Neomacleaya indica, Theo-
bald; a new Leicesterta; a new Culex; a new Chrysoconops and two
new genera I have cailed Brevirhynchus and Radtoculex, each ot
which contains but a single species. Both of these genera are very
marked.
An examination of a long series of a Culex with banded pro-
boscis has not been critically made, but I am inclined to believe
that they ali belong to one species, owing to the various grada-
tions seen in it, and that in consequence several of the species
coming under the Culex microannulatus group, such as C. vishnut,
etc., will have to be sunk under one of the old names such as
C. sitiens. ‘The same applies to the genus Desvordea, as the series
shows such great variation in colour.
The numbers in brackets refer to the number of specimens in
the collection.
SPECIES IN THE COLLECTION.
Family CULICIDA:. }
I. Anopheles aitkeni: , Theobald-James.
A single @ and badly damaged ~. Meenglas, Dooars, Jalpai-
guri [C. Wallich], 9-vili-o7. ‘These are the only other specimens of
this Anopheles I have seen since those sent me by Capt. James,
I.M.S. (vide Mon. Culicid., vol. iii, p. 22, 1903).
2. Myzomyra vossi, Giles.
Five specimens taken at light at Calcutta in November ;
eighteen taken in December at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, and
one taken in January at Sylhet, Assam.
1 The majority of the Anopheline in the collection were not sent to Mr.
Theobald.—ED., Rec. Ind. Mus.
288 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicida and Corethnide. [VOL. II,
3. Nyssorhynchus fuliginosus, Giles.
Calcutta, two taken in November and one at light in
December.
4. Myzorhynchus barbirosiris, Van der Wulp.
Calcutta, one female in December.
5. Myzorhynchus vanus, Walker.
Calcutta, one in October, twenty-one in November and ten
in December; Port Canning, Lower Bengal.
6. Toxorhynchites immisericors, Walker.
Aijal (3,600 ft.), Lushai Hills, Assam, @ , 24-iv-04.
7. Mucidus scataphagordes, Theobald.
Bauria, Bengal [D. A. Tyrve], 17-vili-o7 (one ?); Damukdia
Ghat, E. Bengal, 22-vili-07 (one @ ).
*8. Stegomyta tripunctata, sp. nov.
Head black with three silvery white spots, one median in front
and one on each side, proboscis and palpi black.
Thorax black with dull bronzy scales; prothoracic lobes white
scaled.
Abdomen black with basal lateral white spots which meet on
the dorsum on the 5th and 6th segments to form basal bands.
Legs black, unbanded. 5
@. Head black, clothed with flat black scales except for a
snowy white area in front between the eyes, and a patch on each
side of somewhat less shiny hue, chete black, two projecting
forwards between the eyes, two curving downwards over the basal
segments of the antenne ; eyes coppery and golden; clypeus brown,
shiny; proboscis thin and black; palpi short, black scaled and
with black chetee ; antenne dark brown, verticillate areas pale,
base of second segment testaceous, basal segment black, shiny,
with some small curved black chete.
Thorax shiny black, with rather large narrow-curved bronzy
scales and some paler areas here and there, prothoracic lobes
covered with flat silvery white scales, scutellum testaceous with
flat black scales, metanotum black, pleurz black with silvery
white flat scales forming a long patch and two spots.
Abdomen narrow, black scaled, with basal white lateral
patches, which meet on the fifth and sixth segments to form basal
white bands, border-bristles small and pale.
Legs deep brown with bronzy reflections, venter of femora
and coxee pale ; ungues small, equal and simple.
Wings with dense brown scales, almost Tniorhynchus-like
in form, first submarginal cell much longer, but scarcely narrower
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 289
than the second posterior cell, its base much nearer the base of
the wing than that of the second posterior, its stem not quite a
fourth of the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior about
two-thirds the length of the cell, posterior cross-vein slightly more
than its own length distant from the mid.
Length, 3 mm.
Habitat, Lushai Hills, Assam [F. C. Macleod].
Observations.—Described from two females. It comes very
near Stegomyia ames, Ludlow, but can at once be told by having
a large white spot in the middle of the front of the head. One
specimen shows some pallid scales on the mid lobe of the scutellum
and the white lateral spots do not form bands at ail.
*9. Stegomyta albolateralis, sp. nov.
Thorax blackish brown with a broad silvery white patch on
each side in front.
Abdomen black with basal white lateral spots and traces of
basal bandings on the apical segments.
Legs and proboscis deep blackish brown, unbanded.
@. Head clothed with flat dark brown scales, a few grey ones
around the eyes and creamy ones at the sides, clypeus black, nude,
with a distinct short pointed process on each side, palpi amd pro-
boscis deep brown to black, antennze deep brown.
Thorax black with narrow-curved bronzy scales except at the
sides in front where they are silvery white forming two rectangu-
lar shoulder-patches, and a few of the same coloured scales pass
around the front of the thorax next the head, and there are a few
dull creamy ones scattered about before the scutellum and traces
of a short pale-scaled line on each side; the scales behind are larger
than those in front, cheete black in front, dull golden over the
roots of the wings, scutellum black with flat black scales and
golden brown border-bristles, metanotum shiny and black ; pro-
thoracic lobes with flat shiny white scales, pleuree with spots of
flat silvery white scales.
Abdomen black with basal lateral silvery white spots which
may spread upwards so as to form indistinct basal white bands on
the iast one or two apical segments, venter with broad basal white
bands.
Legs blackish brown, unbanded, coxee and venter of fore and
mid femora pale, the former with silvery white scales, hind femora
pale creamy white for about two-thirds of their length, fore and
mid ungues equal and uniserrate.
Wings with fork-cells of moderate length, the first submarginal
a little longer, but scarcely narrower than the second posterior
cell, its base about level with that of the latter, its stem a little
more than half the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior
cell more than two-thirds the length of the cell, posterior cross-
vein sloping towards the apex of the wing, about twice its own
290 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethride. [Vou. II,
length distant from the mid. Lateral vein-scales long and thin,
especially on the third vein.
Habitat Sylhet, Assam | Major Hail], and Lungleh, Lushai Hills,
Assam.
Time of capture July at Lungleh, September at Sylhet.
Observations.—-Described from five @ @. Itisa very marked
Stegomyia, easily told by the thoracic adornment. One of the
specimens shows some additional prominent adornment on the back
of the thorax before the scutellum anda dull creamy patch of scales
just behind the root of the wings.
The specimen from Lungleh was taken in a bungalow.
*1o. Stegomyia assamensis, sp. nov.
Thorax deep brown, a white-scaled area in front less than one-
fourth the area of the mesothorax, and a small scaled patch in
front of the root of each wing.
Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, with basal lateral white
spots, the scales raggedly arranged below. Legs brown, a pale spot
near apex of fore and mid tibiz, a basal pale band to mid meta-
tarsi, hind femora pale, except for a brown band in the middle,
base and apex of metatarsi white, base of first hind tarsal white.
Proboscis deep brown.
2: Head black, clothed with flat black scales and some
white ones in the middle, a narrow line around the eyes and at the
sides, and short thick black chetz in front projecting forwards
and inwards over the eyes, which are large and silvery ; palpi black
scaled, traces of some paler scales apically ; proboscis black ; an-
tennee dark brown, basal segment with grey tomentum.
Thorax shiny black, clothed with bronzy brown narrow-curved
scales, except for a small area in front which has pale creamy white
scales and a small white-scaled area on each side in front of the
roots of the wings passing up on to the mesonotum some short
distance, and a small patch of pale scales in front of the bare space
before the scutellum; cheetee black to dark brown; scutellum
testaceous with flat dusky scales and rich brown border-bristles ;
pleuree rich brown with silvery white puncta.
Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, with basal lateral white
spots and rather long dusky border-bristles; venter black with
basal white bands, the scales long and out-standing, giving a
ragged appearance.
Legs brown and banded; fore and mid legs with the femora
pale at the base and below, the tibiee with a creamy area before
the apex which is black,—this is most marked in the fore pair ;
the rest of fore legs unbanded, but in the mid the metatarsus has a
pale basal band; femora of the hind legs pale creamy with a
broad dark band on the apical half, base and apex of the metatar-
sus with a pale band, also the base of the first tarsal, remainder
dark ; fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrate, the hind equal
and simple.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 291
Wings with brown scales, the lateral ones dense and rather
flattened; fork-cells short, the first a little longer and narrower
than the second, its base very slightly nearer the base of the wing
than that of the second posterior; its stem not quite as long as
the cell, stem of the posterior as long as the cell; supernumerary
and mid cross-veins in a straight line, posterior cross-vein about
two-and-a-half times its own length distant from the mid.
Length 4°5 mm.
Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall].
Time of capture April (13-1v-05).
Observations.—Described from a single @. The adornment of
the thorax and legs will at once separate it from others of this
genus. It presents certain aberrations which, however, are not
sufficient'ito separate it on one-sex characters alone from Stego-
myia. These characters are the long raggedly arranged ventrai
scales, the somewhat longer palpi and the somewhat broader wing-
scales; these differences are, however, more of size than of
structure.
11. Stegomyia scutellaris, Walker.
Calcutta, July (3), August (33), September. (11),- October: (5),
common during the hot weather and the rains, disappearing in
winter, active by day [N. Annandale]; Sylhet, Assam [Major
Hall], April (17) ; Lushai Hills, Assam [E. C. Macleod}, May (2),
June (11), July (26); Manipur [C. A. Gourlay], July (1); Katihar,
Purneah District, N. Bengal [C. A. Patva], October.
12. Stegomyta fasciata, Fabricius.
Calcutta, May (2), July (3), August (1), September (4), Octo-
ber (4); Lucknow, November (1); Purneah, N. Bengal [C. A.
Paiva], August (1); Lushai Hills, Assam [E. C. Macleod] (? dam-
aged); Bhim Tal, Kumaon, 4,500 ft., September [N. Annandale].
13. Huleceteomyta pseudoteniata, Giles.
Lungleh (?), hatched 29-vii-o4 (two @ @ and three oo).
Very large specimens 5 to 5°5 mm.
*t4. Neomacleava indica, Theobald, var. sumplex, var. nov.
Very similar to the type, but the abdomen has only the
median lateral white spots, no trace of banding, and the first
submarginal cell is longer than the second posterior cell. The
other characters all very similar.
Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall].
Time of capture June (a single ¢ ).
*r5. Leicesteria aptcalis, sp. nov.
Thorax rich brown with a creamy yellow line around the
front and sides; pleuree rich brown with pale spots. Palpi and
292 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethnide. [Vouw. II,
proboscis blackish, the former about half the length of the
latter.
Abdomen deep blackish brown with apical yellow semicircular
dorsal patches and white lateral spots which swell out apically.
Legs brown, with traces of narrow pale basal banding.
2. Head clothed with brownish flat scales and paler upright
forked scales behind and with creamy spindle-shaped scales placed
at right angles to the others around the eyes, palpi and proboscis
blackish brown, the former very nearly half the length of the
proboscis, this with dense scales at the base ; antennee brown, the
basal segment large with bright ochraceous scales.
Thorax shiny black with narrow-curved bronzy and dull
ochreous scales with a well-defined area of creamy yellow scales
around the front and sides; chetz pale golden brown, especially
over the roots of the wings where they are somewhat darker ; scutel-
lum testaceous with flat dusky brown and a few dull ochreous
scales; metanotum nude, chestnut-brown witha grey sheen in
places; pleure brown to yellowish brown with numerous patches
of small flat ochreous scales.
Abdomen dusky black, each segment with a median apical
semicircular yellow patch, and with a lateral snowy white mark
which expands apically; hairs and border-bristles golden: venter
pale ochreous.
Legs deep brown, banded, femora pale at the base and
beneath ; traces of pale knee-spots; fore legs with small yellowish
bands at the tibio-metatarsal joint, and at the junction of the
first tarsal and metatarsal and apex of the first tarsal ; in the mid
legs the bands are more confined to the base of the segments and
occur on the second tarsal also, in the hind legs extending to the
other two segments ; pale hairs on the tibie.
Wings with rather short fork-cells ; the first a little longer and
narrower than the second, its base a little nearer the apex of
the wing, its stem about two-thirds the length of the cell; stem of
the second posterior cell nearly as long as the cell ; posterior cross-
vein about one-and-a-half times its own length from the mid; scales
dense on the apical areas of the veins.
Length 5 mm.
o. Palpi long and thin, acuminate, no hair-tufts; longer
than proboscis by about the last segment, brown with three pale
yellow bands, the last two involving both sides of the segments ;
antennze loosely plumose, plume-hairs brown, segments mostly
pallid except where the verticillate hairs unite and on the long
apical segments ; fore and mid ungues unequal, uniserrate.
Length 5 mm.
Habitat Lushai Hills, Assam [E. C. Macleod], 1,500 ft.
Time of capture May.
Observations.—Described from two ¢@ @ and one «7. Two
hatched from larvee and one caught 1,500 ft.
Closely allied to Leicesteria longipalpis, but easily distinguished
by the apical abdominal yellow marks.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum, 293
16. Desvoidea obturbans, Walker,
Sylhet [Major Hall] and Lushai Hills [Z. C. Macleod], Assam.
Four specimens of typical form.
16a. Desvordea obturbans, Walker, var. fusca, ‘Theob.
Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], March (2), April (5), May (3),
June (2); Lushai Hills, Assam [E. C. Macleod], August (11) ;
Calcutta, May (2), August (34), at light, September, October,
November and December.
16b. Desvoidea obturbans, Walker, variegated-scutellum variety.
Sylhet, Assam, January (2), May (12), June (3); Calcutta, May
(I), August (4), September (1), October (1); Lushai Hills, Assam,
July (2) ; Manipur, August (1), in bungalow.
Notre.—All variations in colour between the true obturbans of
Walker and the fusca of Theobald seen in these specimens, and
hence the latter species is sunk as a variety.
*Genus BREVIRHYNCHUS, gen. nov.
Head clothed with flat scales, also the scutellum, the latter
large.
Thorax with narrow-curved scales at the edges of the mesono-
tum; prothoracic lobes and pleuree with flat scales. Proboscis of
@ short, thick, about one-third of the length of the whole insect,
curved twice ; of the male thinner and slightly longer in proportion,
palpi of the @ two-thirds the length of the proboscis, apparently of
two segments, the apical one long; palpi of the o longer than the
proboscis, acuminate, no hair-tufts, of four segments, the two last
nearly equal.
Wings with dense scales, some Tentorhynchus-like. Fore
ungues of male unequal, the larger uniserrate; mid equal and
uniserrate.
A very distinct genus easily told by the short, thick sinuous
proboscis of the ?, and the relatively long palpi as well as the
Squamose structure of the thorax with its flat lateral scales. The
mid ungues of the ~ being equal is also characteristic.
*17, Brevirhynchus magnus, sp. nov.
Thorax rich brown in the middle with white border all around
the front and sides, pleurze densely white scaled; head black,
white around the edge and in the middle, the short thick proboscis
black ; the palpi black, nearly as long as the proboscis.
Abdomen black with basal median yellow patches, snowy
white triangular lateral spots. The base of the triangles towards
the posterior borders of the segments, but a black line of scales
between the fifth, sixth, and seventh spots vellow at the base,
venter with broad yellow basal bands, narrow black apical ones.
204 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethnde. [Vou. II,
Legs blackish with faint traces of banding. Male palpi long
and thin, acuminate.
@. Head clothed with rather large flat dusky black scales,
creamy white ones at the sides, and some black ones below them -
and then white again, a narrow band passing around the eyes and
sotne pale ones in the middle ; some long golden brown chet pro-
jecting forwards ; proboscis short, thick, swelling apically (but ac-
tual apex acuminate), twice curved, jet black, hairy ; palpi long
and thin, about two-thirds the length of the proboscis, the apical
segment very long, black, some pale scales below at the apex and
traces of others below at the base of the long segment; antennee
brown, basal segment with some flat pale scales.
Thorax shiny black clothed with long thin narrow-curved
bronzy brown scales, becoming broader behind, and with large
narrow-curved white scales in front and the sides, forming a white
border around the brown central area; toward the roots of the
wings the white area is composed of large white flat scales, and
some occur elsewhere passing on to the densely flat white-scaled
pleuree, which also bear a median patch of flat black scales ; pro-
thoracic lobes covered with flat white scales; cheetee scanty, a patch
of golden brown much curved ones, in front of the roots of the
wings, rather short; scutellum with flat dusky scales and some
paler ones, scales large; metanotum nude, deep brown except at
the apex where it is reddish testaceous.
Abdomen blackish, here and there the testaceous integument
shines through the scales, first two segments plain, third to eighth
with basal yellow scales, the third to fifth with median semi-circular
patches, the others with yellow basal bands, very broad on the last
two segments, laterally are large snowy white triangular patches,
the bases of the triangles towards the apices of the segments, but cut
off from them by narrow apical black-scaled lines, the corners of
the triangles show on the dorsum as white spots, from the third to
the seventh segments as almost apical spots; border-bristles dusky,
on the last five segments the white lateral spots are yellow at the
base.
Legs thick, black, paler below, white knee-spots and traces of
minute pale basal banding, cheetee on the femora and tibize golden ;
fore and mid ungues simple, minutely uniserrate.
Wing-scales dense, brown, a few pale ones near the base broad
and almost Teniorhynchus-like in places, first submarginal cell
longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearly
level with that of the latter, its stem just a little longer than half
the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior cell not quite
two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein sloping to-
wards the base of the wing, twice its own length distant from the
mid; the third long vein carried on as a very distinct pseudo-
vein to the base of the wing.
Length 6 mm.
v. Head, thorax and abdomen much like the ¢ , but the flat
white scales at the sides of the thorax more numerous and the
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 295
scutellum has many pale scales, the lateral lobes having them very
dense, black at the base, yellow at the apex. Antenne plumose,
with flaxen brown plume-hairs, palest at their base, proboscis
rather short, but not so thick as in the female; palpi thin, acu-
minate, of four segments, the last two nearly equal, dark brown
with a basal pale band to the segments ; on hair-tufts, one or two
large cheetee.
Legs as in the female, the narrow basal banding rather more
distinct, fore ungues very unequal, the larger with a large tooth,
the smaller thin and apparently simple, mid ungues equal and
uniserrate, hind absent.
Length 6 mm.
Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall].
Time of capture May.
Observations.—Described from a o and@?. A most marked
and beautiful species easily told by the quaint proboscis and ab-
dominal markings. ‘The hind ungues of the male absent.
*Genus RADIOCULEX, gen. nov.
Head clothed with small flat scales and a group of upright
forked ones behind. Palpi of female thin, longer than in Culex, of
the male long, longer than the proboscis, composed of two segments,
the apical one short and clavate, with thorn-like chetz ; proboscis
curved and swollen apically, shorter than the body; antenne of
female pilose, of male densely plumose.
Thorax and scutellum with narrow-curved scales, metanotum
nude ; blunt curved cheete project over the head.
Male genitalia with normal narrow claspers. Fork-cells small;
the marginal cell of peculiar form in both sexes, swollen out in
the middle, contracted near apex of wing and widening again at
the apex; scales large, median vein-scales single, small and
spatulate.
A very distinct genus with shiny integument, especially on the
thorax, and easily told by the curious marginal cell and male
palpi.
*18. Radtoculex clavipalpus, sp. nov.
Head brown and grey, proboscis deep brown, curved, un-
banded.
Thorax deep shiny brown, yellow at the sides, pleure pallid.
Abdomen deep violet brown, the segments paler at their bases,
but not banded, pale lateral basal spots.
Legs deep brown with narrow pale bands involving both sides
of the joints,. last hind tarsal pale.
Male antennee with flaxen plume-hairs, palpi a little longer
than proboscis, the apical segment large and swollen but short.
@. Head clothed with small flat scales all over of a pale
ochreous grey, with brown and violet patches seen in certain lights,
a large area of black upright forked scales in the middle behind,
296 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethride. [Vou. II,
with a distinct median division; palpi rather long and thin,
clothed with brown scales and some violet ones and a few
white ones at the apex; the pale testaceous ground-colour shows
through here and there; clypeus shiny, deep brown, traces of a
lateral process on each side, antennee brown, testaceous at the base,
hairs dark, proboscis deep brown, curved, not as long as the body.
Thorax black and shiny in the middle, yellow at the sides, the
junction of the two colours being abrupt, the median dark area
has narrow-curved bronzy scales, the yellow areas have shiny narrow-
curved golden scales, in front projecting over the head are tufts of
black, blunt, thick, curved bristles of various lengths, over the roots
of the wings and in front of them long golden chete darkening
at their apices; there are also a few pale creamy scales forming a
more or less pronounced spot in front of the bare space in front
of the scutellum, and an obscure line of the same on each side of it;
scutellum blackish with narrow-curved bronzy scales and deep.
brown border-bristles; metanotum blackish brown, nude; pleure
pale ochreous.
Abdomen unbanded, clothed with small flat scales showing
brown and violet colours, with pale golden border-bristles giving a
general false appearance of basal pale bands when examined with
a lens; laterally the abdomen shows testaceous hues, and there are
pale-scaled lateral marks running right down the segments.
Legs with pallid coxe, also base and venter of femora; rest
dark brown; hind femora yellow at the apex, with five prominent
chetee along one side and smaller ones on the apex, etc.; a
narrow pale band at the junction of the metatarsal and first tarsal
segments, also first and second tarsals on the fore and mid legs,
other segments dark brown; on the hind legs the banding is more
pronounced and extends to all the joints, the last segment being
almost white below ; ungues all equal and simple.
Wings with short fork-cells, about the same length, but the
submarginal narrower than the second posterior cell, its base a
little nearer the apex of the wing, its stem about one-and-a-third
times its length, stem of the second posterior cell a little longer
than the cell ; marginal cell swollen on the middle, narrowed apt-
cally and again expanded at the wing-apex ; posterior cross-vein
slightly longer than the mid, not quite its own length distant from
it; outer costal border spinose; median vein-scales single, small
and spatulate ; scales dense on subcostal and first long vein ; lateral
vein-scales on the apical areas of the second, third and fourth veins
broad and flat.
Length 3°5 to 4 mm.
@”. Head, thorax, abdomen and legs as in the female. An-
tenne with dense flaxen plume-hairs, almost golden at their base,
flagellum banded; apical segments long, deep brown; proboscis
bright ochreous, purple-brown at the apex, which is hairy; palpi
longer than the proboscis, straight, of two segments, the apical
one short and swollen, ochreous with ochreous scales and some
violet ones, especially above and at the apices of the two
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 207
segments, the last segment with dark stiff thorn-like chete,
becoming small towards the apex. Ungues of the fore and mid
legs unequal, the fore with a small tooth at the base of the smaller
one, a large tooth in the middle of the larger claw and a small
spine-like tooth at its base, mid claws with two teeth on the larger
claw; none on the smaller; hind claws equal and simple.
Wings with small fork-cells like the female; the submarginal
only about half the width of the second posterior-cell, its stem
about one-and-a-third times its length ; stem of the second poster-
ior also about one-and-a-third times the length of the cell; the first
long vein markedly bent in the middle and approaching the upper
branch of the second, thus forming a very curious marginal cell;
the posterior cross-vein is only half its own length distant from
the mid.
Length 3°5 to 4 mm.
Halitat Calcutta; Berhampur, Murshidabad District, Bengal,
1-i-08 [R. EF. Lloyd}.
Time of capture November and December in Calcutta, and one
in July, common in brushwood during the cold weather [ N. Annan-
dale|; January at Berhampur.
Observations.—Described from a long series, some taken at
light. The specimens show some variation in size and colour, but
the marked black shiny thorax with the clear-cut yellow area on
each side and the quaint marginal cell will at once identify it.
19. Pseudotheobaldia niveiteniata, Theobald.
Theog, 8,000 ft., Simla Hills, 2-v-07 [N. Annandale].
20. Banksiella luteolateralis, ‘Theobald.
Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], 23-xi-o4 and x-04.
21. Culex mimeticus, Noé.
Lushai Hills, Assam [E. C. Macleod], 1-vi-04, one ?.
22. Culex microannulatus, Theobald.
Calcutta, July (7), August (71), September (11), October (4),
November (21); Purneah, N. Bengal, August (8); Gopkuda Island,
Lake Chilka, Ganjam, August (3); Sylhet, Assam, January (10),
February (5), April (1), May (1), November and December ; between
Bolpore and Rampore Haut, E. I. Railway, Bengal, in railway
carriage, August (1).
23. Culex vishnur, Theobald.
Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], January and February; Port
Canning, Lower Bengal, July (1); Gopkuda Island, Lake Chilka,
Ganjam, August (1).
298 F, V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethride. [VoU. II,
24. Culex sittens, Wiedemann.
Calcutta, August, September.
25. Culex gelidus, Theobald.
Calcutta, August (27), September (7), October (8), November
(13), December (4), not uncommon in houses and at light, and in
the open on shrubs [N. Annandale]; Purneah, N. Bengal, August
(3); Katihar, Purneah, N. Bengal, October (1); Sylhet, Assam
[Major Hall], May (1); between Bolpore and Rampore Haut, E. I.
Railway, Bengal, in railway carriage, August [C. A. Patva].
26... Culex tigripes, Grandpré.
Calcutta, July (5), August (8), September (2), October (6),
November (2); Damukdia Ghat, E. Bengal, July (3); Manipur
[C. A. Gourlay], in bungalow, August; Sylhet, Assam [Major dall],
February 1904 (1), April 1904 (1), May 1904 (1), December 1904
(2); Port Canning, Lower Bengal, December 1907 (2).
27. Culex fatigans, Wiedemann.
Calcutta, August (3), October (13), November (2), December
(5),common in houses, only bites in the evening and at night
[N. Annandale]; Lucknow, November (38); Gopkuda Island, Lake
Chilka, Ganjam, August (2); Berhampur, Murshidabad District,
Bengal [Major R. Milne], December (9) ; Anaithpur, Bijnor District,
United Provinces, November; Siliguri, N. Bengal, July (1); Pur-
neah, N. Bengal, August (2); Meenglas Dooars, Jalpaiguri, June
[C. Wallich]; Sylhet, Assam [Major Hail], January (4), February (8),
April (9), May (14), June (22), August (1), November (3), December
(2) ; Manipur [C. A. Gourlay], grass compound, August (19); Lushai
Hills, Assam, June, July and August (3); Bhogaon, Purneah, N.
Bengal, October (1).
*28. Culex minor, sp. nov.
Head brown, slightly darker at the sides and paler around the
eyes; proboscis and palpi brown.
Thorax bright brown; pleure ochreous with two brown
patches.
Legs deep brown, unbanded, bases pallid.
Abdomen deep brown, with pale lateral basal spots and pale
Venter,
?. Head deep brown, with pale narrow-curved scales, pale
lateral flat scales and blackish upright forked scales, except in front
between the eyes where they are golden brown, cheete black, except
between the eyes where they are golden ; proboscis, palpi, antennee
and clypeus brown.
Thorax dark brown, clothed with very slender narrow-curved
bright brown scales, paler just in front of the head and at the sides,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. | 299
larger cheetze deep brown, but the smaller ones in front of the wings,
and some over the head pale golden; scutellum pale brown with
small narrow-curved pale golden scales similar in colour to those
at the mesonotum near it; pleuree pale ochreous with some pale
flat scales and two dark patches; metanotum bright chestnut-
brown.
Abdomen deep brown, clothed with deep brown scales and
with dull white lateral basal patches, but extending partly along
the whole length of the segments; border-bristles pale, venter
mostly grey scaled.
Legs brown, unbanded, coxe pallid, base and venter of femora
pale ; ungues small, equal and simple.
Wings with rather long fork-cells, the first submarginal much
longer and a little narrower than the second posterior cell, its base
nearer the base of the wing, its stem less than one-third the length
of the cell; stem of the second posterior about two-thirds the
length of the cell; mid cross-vein nearer the apex of the wing than
the supernumerary, the posterior cross-vein nearly twice its own
length distant from the mid.
Length 3 to 3°5 mm.
o. Palpi thin, brown, the last two segments about equal,
with short black bristles, scarcely to be called a hair-tuft. Fore
ungues unequal, uniserrate; mid nearly equal, uniserrate ; hind
small, equal and simple.
Wings with the first submarginal cell a little longer and nar-
rower than the second posterior cell, its base a little nearer the
base of the wing. Claspers of male genitalia rather broad, lateral
process of basal lobe with three large broad spines and three
smaller ones.
Length 3 to 3°5 mm.
Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall]; Lushai Hills, Assam
[E. C. Macleod]; Calcutta [N. Annandale]; Lungleh, Lushai Hills,
Assam.
Time of capture Calcutta in December; Lushai Hills, June,
July.
Observations. —Described from two ? @ andthreeva. A
small obscure species easily told by its unbanded abdomen. It can
only be confused with Culex fuscocephala, Theob., described from
Ceylon, but the latter has a dark fuscous head, and there are no
basal lateral pale spots.
29. Teniorhynchus ager, Giles.
Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], January (5), February (2), April
(1), May (1); some specimens large, up to 6 mm.
30. Tentorhynchus tenax, Theobald.
Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], March (1), April (1), May (2),
June (1); Manipur [C. A. Gourlay], August.
300 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethnide. [Vot,. II,
*31. Chrysoconops pyvgmeus, sp. nov.
Head and thorax golden yellow, proboscis and palpi ochreous,
with dusky scales especially at the tip of the proboscis.
Abdomen violet-brown with some basal creamy bands and
vellow-scaled apex.
Legs unbanded ochreous brown.
Wing-scales brownish, fork-cells rather small.
9. Head yellowish brown clothed with creamy yellow
narrow-curved scales, dense golden yellow upright forked scales
and golden chete. Eyes black and silvery. Palpi rather long,
ochreous with rather transparent dusky scales and black chete;
proboscis ochreous, clothed with metallic violet-brown scales ;
antennee brown with pale bands at the verticels and testaceous
basal segments.
Thorax bright reddish brown, shiny, clothed with golden
yellow curved scales and golden yellow chetz ; scutellum similarly
adorned, with two large golden posterior border-bristles on each
side of the mid lobe and two very small ones between ; metanotum
golden yellow; pleure yellow and brown with two patches of sil-
very white flat scales.
Abdomen clothed with brown and metallic violet scales, the
fourth segment with a basal yellow-scaled band, the next with a
more prominent one and the apical segments with many yellow
scales, hairs golden.
Legs ochreous, clothed with brown scales which darken
towards the end, base and venter of femora with ochreous scales,
in some lights the leg-scales show violet reflections; cheetee brown;
ungues dark, equal and simple.
Wings with brownish scales; fork-cells rather short, the first
submarginal a little longer and narrower than the second posterior,
its base a little nearer the apex of the wing than that of the latter,
its stem nearly two-thirds the length of the cell, stem of the second
posterior a little more than half the length of the cell; posterior
cross-vein not quite its own length distant from the mid. Halteres
pale yellow.
Length 4 mm.
Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall].
Observations.—Described from a single perfect @. It comes
very neat Chrysoconops brevicellulus, but can be told by the com-
pletely golden thorax, smaller size and different venation.
32. Chrysoconops brevicellulus, Theobald.
Calcutta, August (1); Sylhet, Assam ; Sangar, Manipur Hut,
February (1), May (1), June (1), at night ; Manipur [C. A. Gourlay],
August, on wall of bungalow.
33. Mansonia untformis, Theobald.
Sythet, Assam [Major Hall], January (2), February (3), March
(x), May (8), June (3), July (1), December (4) ; Manipur [C. 4.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 301
Gourlay|, June and September, in a stable and bungalow ;
Gopkuda Island, Lake Chilka, Ganjam, August, 7-15 P.M. (2) ;
Bhogaon, Purneah District, N. "Bengal (GAe Pai a], October (24);
Calcutta, November (17), some at light ; Katihar, Purneah District,
iN: Bengal [C. A. Paiva], October (17).
34. Mansontotdes annultfera, Theobald.
Calcutta, August and December (2) ; Port Canning, L. Bengal,
December [N. Annandale]; Manipur [C. A. Gourlay]; Katihar,
Purneah District, N. Bengal [C. A. Paiva], October; Sylhet, Assam
[Major Hall], May (4), June (3).
N.B.—This species comes in the genus Mansonioides, Theob.,
not Mansonia.
*35. Mimomyia minuta, sp. nov.
Head dull ochreous brown, proboscis long and thin, unbanded.
Thorax dark shiny brown, pale ochreous at the sides.
Abdomen deep brown with basal creamy yellow bands and
pale basal lateral spots.
Legs brown with narrow pale bands involving both sides of
the faints:
o. Head small, triangular in outline, clothed with small flat
dull ochreous scales behind and dull brown darker ones in front,
some large black upright forked scales behind ; antenne long,
brown, basal segment shiny reddish brown with a long bristle,
second segment long, longer than the next three, pale at its base,
hairs moderate, (not plumose); proboscis deep brown, long and
thin, swollen apically, nearly as long as the whole body ; clypeus
small, triangular, dark brown ; palpi very short, thick and conical.
Thorax deep shiny brown, with brown cheetee (denuded), some
narrow-curved bronzy brown scales showing ; scutellum black with
narrow-curved bronzy brown scales with deep brown _ border-
bristles, four to the mid lobe ; metanotum deep brown, paler in the
middle; pleurz pale ochreous with an irregular dark central patch.
Abdomen deep brown, the segments with basal creamy bands
which are contracted in the middie and which spread cut laterally
to form basal lateral spots, posterior border-bristles pale golden ;
venter banded with dull white, black and ochreous scales, the
latter apical, the black colour median.
Legs brown, base and venter of femora yellowish, knee-spots
dull white, the joints of the tibie and tarsi with narrow yellow
bands involving both sides of the joints.
Wings with a single row of small spatulate median vein-scales,
and some large narrowly pyriform lateral vein-scales ; costa spinose,
fork-cells of nearly equal length, the first submarginal a little
narrower than the second posterior, its stem nearly as long as the
cell, stem of the second posterior cell about two-thirds the length
of the cell, the base of the second fork-cell nearer the base of the
302 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethride. [Vov. II, ’08.]
wing than that of the first fork-cell; posterior cross-vein longer than
the mid, rather more than its own length distant from it.
Length 2°8 mm.
Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall).
Time of capture November (27-xi-04).
Odservations.— Described from a single ~. It may be pointed
out that the ungues of the fore legs seem to be simple and are
unequal and curved ; the mid appear to be equal and simple and
the hind ones very small; without dissection the structure of the
ungues cannot be made out accurately.
36. Adeomyia squamipenna, Arribalzaga.
Calcutta, at light, November (1).
Family CORETHRIDA.
37. Corethra asvatica, Giles.
Calcutta (Zoological Gardens, Alipore), May (1), July (1),
August (36), common resting on damp walls during the daytime and
flying to light at night (Museum compound) [N. Annandale], Sep-
tember (16), November (6), December (2); Sibpur, near Calcutta,
August (2); Katihar, Purneah District, N. Bengal, at light (1).
POND LOI LOR LEER OS Ci
Misc hy AN bax
MAMMALS.
MEASUREMENTS OF THE SKELETONS OF TWO LARGE INDIAN
ELEPHANTS IN THE COLLECTION OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM.—
(1) oo, Bilkandt, Nia Dumka, Santal Parganas, presented by
Mr. W.M. Smith, 1870.
(Cf. W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 207, specimen a.)
Height from anterior dorsal ver- Ft. In.
tebree, highest point RD © 3
Height from highest point of
scapula 10 6
Frontal length of skull Oo ©6496
Orbital breadth of skull 0 29°25
Length of humerus O.> =4925
jd) 2.) ulna O 39
a2 Semis O 48
a tibia ‘ O 30
Circumference of tusk at socket . Or Wig 75
From the manner in which it is mounted, it is possible that
the height of the skeleton is exaggerated by a few inches, but the
animal in life probably measured 12 feet from the highest point.
This appears to be a record so far as F. indicus is concerned. ‘The
tusks of the specimen are not in the Museum.
(2) oo, presented by H. H, the Maharaja of Benares, 1906.
Height from anterior dorsal ver- Ft. In.
tebree, highest point 3 9 4
Height from highest point of
scapula oe O
Frontal length of skull O 45
Orbital breadth of skull O 25
Length of humerus O 38
lean ee eluate} O 36
Ay Sere seahhay 0 42
oe ella: i O 255
Circumference of tusk at socket.. 0 135
This elephant headed the procession at the Delhi Durbar in
1903, and was thought to be an elephant of unusual height and
power.
The tusks had been artificially shortened.
T. BENTHAM.
304 Miscellanea. [Vox. IT,
THE YOUNG OF 4flurus fulgens.—The two individuals examined
are about three weeks old and were born in captivity, in July, the
mother, in a pregnant condition, having been caught by some
Bhutias in the vicinity of Darjiling and kept in the Museum there.
The young are totally different from the adult in coloration, but
the characteristic markings are fairly well defined. The following is
a short description :—
Back dull smoky fawn becoming blackish grey on the under
parts ; the crown of the head and sides of the face, with the
exception of the. rings round the eyes, greyish red; the legs,
tail, and ears smoky brown, the white markings of the adult
being here represented by dark grey.
T. BENTHAM.
BATRACHIA.
NOTES ON SOME BATRACHIA RECENTLY ADDED TO THE COL-
LECTION OF THE INDIAN MusEuM.—The specimens noticed below
are chiefly from the Amherst District, Tenasserim, and the Hima-
layas. Those from the former district were taken by myself in
March last, those from the Himalayas mostly by Mr. R. Hodgart,
the Museum Collector.
Rana vicina, Stoliczka.
Numerous specimens from British Garhwal at an altitude of
about 6,000 feet |Hodgart]. This is the common [rog of the S. W.
Himalayas at about this altitude.
kana dorie, Boulenger.
Several small specimens from a jungle stream in the Dawna
Hills near Kawkareik (or Kawkareit) in the interior of the Amherst
District (altitude about 3,000 feet), March rgo8.
Rana laticeps, Boulenger.
A large specimen from a jungle stream in the same locality, but
nearer the base of the hills. Apparently a common species above
about 2,000 feet.
Rana limborg:, W. . Sclater.
A specimen from the same locality (2,000 feet), agreeing in
proportions and other characters with Sclater’s description, but
differing slightly in colour. I have been unable to trace the type
specimen of this species, which should be in our collection.
Rana limnocharis, Wiegmann.
Equally common in swaimps in the plains and in jungle streams
in the Himalayas and the mountains of Burma up to 5,000 feet.
Some specimens were lately collected on Baratang Island of the
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 305
Andaman group by Mr. B. B. Osmaston, who presented them to
the Museum. On account of their peculiar coloration they were
sent for examination to Mr. Boulenger, who agreed that they be-
longed to this species. The dorsal surface was of a rich chocolate-
brown when the specimens were fresh, and the limbs were profusely
banded.
Rana nigrovittata, Blyth.
Several specimens from the neighbourhood of Moulmein, near
the coast of the Amherst District.
Ixalus cinerascens, Stoliczka.
A specimen from the Dawna Hills which agrees well with the
type. There are several specimens in our collection taken by
Stoliczka, one of them being the type.
[xalus annandalet, Boulenger.
A specimen from Kurseong [Annandale], July 1908.
A very abundant species round Kurseong (altitude 4—5,000
feet), where it is known to Europeans as the ‘‘ coppersmith frog,”
from its peculiar metallic and monotonous croak, which continues
all day in dull weather. It often sits in tea-bushes, one individual
answering another in a neighbouring bush.
Bufo stomaticus, T,titken.
A specimen from Kurseong [ Hedgart], and another from Damuk-
dia on the Ganges (E. Bengal). This species is not uncommon
at an altitude of 5,000 feet in the Darjiling district. If it is
really distinct from Bufo andersont, the ranges of the two overlap.
Megalophrys parva, Boulenger.
Numerous tadpoles of a Megalophrys were obtained in a jungle
stream in the Dawna Hills at an altitude of about 3,000 feet.
They agreed with examples of the larva of M. montana from the
Malay Peninsula, except in colour. Mr. Boulenger, who has ex-
_ amined specimens, believes them to belong to the species he has
just redescribed under the above name (Proc. Zool. Soc. London,
mou): N. ANNANDALE.
BREEDING HABITS OF Tylototriton verrucosus.—In order to ob-
tain further information regarding the breeding habits of this newt I
visited Kurseong jin the Darjiling hills at the beginning of last
July. In every small pond or large puddle of rain water the
females were abundant, but I did not see a single male. Numer-
ous eggs were found lying on the bottom of the pools, sometimes
singly and sometimes joined together in pairs as described in my
former note (Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. i, p. 278); occasionally they were
attached lightly to blades of grass. As early as the first week in
306 Miscellanea. [Vou. IT,
July the eggs contained embryos ready or nearly ready to break
loose as free larvee, which already have external rudiments of fore
limbs. The exact stage at which the larvee emerge seems to differ
slightly in different individuals.
_ As regards Mr. Hodgart’s statement that the newts are able to
draw blood by means of their tails from the hand of a captor, I can
only say that I failed to observe anything of the kind. ‘The tail is
to some extent prehensile, and is curled round the finger when the
animal is held in the hand. In the living female the ridge at the
base of the tail is soft, only becoming hard when the animal is dead
and has been preserved in formalin.
N. ANNANDALE.
FISH.
THE OCCURRENCE OF Rhinodon typicus AT THE HEAD OF THE
BAY OF BENGAL.—A specimen of this rare basking shark was te-
cently caught by Captain Gorr of the Pilot’s Ridge light vessel
at the mouth of the River Hooghly, and presented to the Museum
by Mr. W. L. Allnut.
The measurements of the freshly caught fish were as tollows :--
Feet. Inches.
‘Length from nose to tip of tail .. 14 ©)
Round the head oa i 638 6
” ,, stomach 9 6
Across the nose 4 O
mouth 3 ee
39 93)
The specimen was harpooned at the surface, over 263 fathoms
of water (Lat. 20° 51’ 30” N., Long. 87° 52’ o” E.), on March 23rd.
The colour of the skin was dark bluish grey with large, irregu-
lar paler blotches. The teeth were very small and numerous, each
consisting of a single recurved cusp. They were arranged in a band
on the upper and lower jaw, each band extending nearly to the
angles of the mouth. Each band contains about 350 rows of teeth,
each row consisting of about ro teeth, making about 7,000 in all.
Although the shark has been recorded from Ceylon and Java,
this appears to be the first time it has been met with in the upper
parts of the Bay of Bengal.
RE. Lrovp, ‘Capt. Ps:
SPONGES.
Note on Ephydatia meyeni (CARTER).—On page 272, vol. i
of these ‘‘ Records,” it is stated that the presence of vesicular cells
in the parenchyma is a recognized character distinguishing Ephy-
datia fiuviatilis from E. muilleri, and the conclusion is drawn that
E. meyeni, Carter, is a variety of the former species. This is a seri-
ous error, as exactly the contrary is the case. ‘The note was printed
during my absence from India, and a printer’s error or lapsus calamt
crept in whereby ‘‘ fluviatilis”? was printed for ‘‘ miillert.’ The
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 307
whole of the passage was then changed, apparently without refer-
ence to the literature cited, which is therefore misquoted, and
the error was thus perpetuated. The presence of vesicular cells
(Blasenzellen) in the parenchyma is recognized as being character-
istic of E. miilleri, distinguishing it from £. fluviatilis. Unless,
therefore, the three forms are either to be considered distinct or
united as races or phases of a single species, the Indian form,
E.meyem must be regarded as a sub-species or variety of E. miillert ;
Dr. Weltner’s view, to which reference is made in my note, must
therefore stand. I can only offer my sincerest apologies to Dr.
Weltner, and to anyone who may have been misled. It was only
recently that I had occasion to refer to my note and realised the
mistake.
N. ANNANDALE.
SS a net a Ne ee, tS Gs
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Tete
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an
Owing to delay in the press two important papers on Diptera,
which were to have been issued in this part, have been omitted.
They will be issued immediately as an additional number (vol. ii,
part v) of the ‘‘ Records.”’
‘ * 7 . ‘
‘ es
. F F al
: a = . -
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: Be 4
NOG oR hee OR TON] A COLEERCTLON.« OF
OW AT iC 2ANIMeAT SNP A-Dee TN TT BET BY
CAPTAIN F He STEWART EMS, DURING
Hee Neb ACR ae. Oi07 .
PART JI.—INTRODUCTION, C@&LENTERATES, NEMATOMORPHA,
ROTIFERS AND GASTROTRICHA, ENTOMOSTRACA,
ARACHNIDS, FisH (Systematic) AND
BATRACHIA.
INTRODUCTION.
By F. H. Srewarr, M.A., D.Sc., M.B., Capt., I.M.S.
The collection which forms the subject of the following report,
was made in the district between the Tang-la and the town of
Gyantse in Tibet during the year 1907. The Tang-la is the pass
which leads from the Chumbi Valley into Tibet proper, crossing the
watershed of the main chain of the Himalayas at a height of 15,000
feet above sea-level. To the north of it the streams run into the
Tsang-po, to the south into the Brahmaputra and the Ganges.
Gyantse lies about one hundred miles by road north of the Tang-la
at an altitude of 13,100 feet. Collections made in this region thus
obviously have a double interest, firstly from the geographical
position, and secondly from the altitude of their source.
No general collections of the aquatic invertebrate fauna of this
part | of Tibet have been made previously, but fishes and amphi-
bians were collected during the Tibet Expedition of 1904 in this
district, while those from the upper reaches of the Sutle] and Indus
may also be counted as Tibetan.
In crossing the Tang-la the character of the country is seen to
change entirely. We are leaving the well-watered sphere of the
monsoon for a region of dry arid hills which, during the greater part
of the year, are entirely bare of vegetation. ‘he rainfall changes
from the steady six months’ downpour of Sikkim to a scanty fall
for one month only about August. Snow also falls in very small
quantities except in the immediate neighbourhood of the passes.
During the winter of 1906-07 it only lay in the Gyantse valley for
one day, and on the hills around for short periods which, if added
together, would not total more than one month. Thus during the
greater part of the year the lakes and rivers are fed only from
springs, which arise here and there on the hillsides.
| Specimens of the Phyllopods Branchinecta ovientalis and Estherta davidi
were collected in Gyantse by Capt. Lloyd, I.M.S., and noticed by Gurney in
Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, ii (N.S.), 1906.
310 ~=6sds#F.~ HY. StTEWarT: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vor. II,
The first considerable mass of water met with is the Rham-
Tso (see plate xxvi), a lake situated about twenty miles from the
pass at an elevation of 14,700 ft. It is about eight miles long by
four broad, and appears to be shallow throughout. It occupies the
whole of the north-eastern end of a broad plain which is surrounded
on all sides by mountain chains. The southern portion of this
boundary is the Chumolhari group of mountains covered with per-
petual snow. From April to October this lake is entirely free from
ice. In October ice begins to form round the margins and gradually
spreads untilit covers the whole surface. The winter months are, of
course, intensely cold. During the summer, however, no climate
could be more delightful. In the daytime the temperature rises to
about that of an English summer’s day and even at night remains
moderate, so ringed in is the plain by bare hills which store up the
sun’s heat. During these months the Rham-Tsois well peopled. Atl
round its grassy banks, bar-headed geese rear their families, while
ducks of many kinds are to be seen on its waters. Fish are ex-
ceedingly plentiful, and large numbers are caught in nets set on
stakes across the outlet at the northern corner of the lake, where a
small river runs out to fall into Kala-Tso four miles to the north.
These fish are preserved by the Tibetans by being split like findon
haddocks and dried in the sun. They are not salted or smoked.
When fresh they are exceedingly good eating, the flesh sweet and
free of the muddy taste and the multitude of bones which render
Tibetan river fish so unpleasant. ‘The dried fish are, however, not
for European taste.
Water weeds grow in abundance for many yards out from the
margins of thelake, and Amphipods, Copepods, shells and a species
of Hydra flourish among this vegetation.
From Kala-Tso, a lake closely resembling Rham-Tso, but on a
somewhat smaller scale, the water escapes under ground in the
direction of Gyantse. It reappears about twelve miles off near the
village of Mang-tsa (14,500 feet) and, reinforced by several small
streams issuing from springs on the hillsides, forms the commence-
ment of the Nyang Chu, the river which flows through the Gyantse
valley and ultimately falls into the Tsang-po.
These streams are only completely frozen during the coldest
months of the year—February and March. ‘The spring water is
sufficiently warm to keep ice-free for some miles during the rest of
the year. Here among the moss which grows in the small rivulets,
shells and Amphipods, Oligochetes and ‘Turbellarians abound.
Small loaches (Nemachilus stoliczke) are also common.
Twenty miles nearer Gyantse, at Kang-ma, isa group of springs,
the water of which is tepid and heavily charged with carbon dioxide.
The only animals found in these springs are certain Ostracods
(Eucypris minuta, v. Dad.).
In the Gyantse valley itself the river flows with considerable
rapidity. ‘The water is grey and loaded with mud. It does not
freeze over even in the depth of winter, but from December until
April the surface is dotted with ice carried down from above.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 311
The natives of the valley say that the large fish migrate down
into the Tsang-po in the autumn and return in spring. The first
fish of any size which I obtained in spring were all Schizopygopsis
stoliczke or Ptychobarbus controstris. ‘The other species appeared
later.
In the Gyantse valley, as elsewhere in Tibet, there is an
elaborate system of irrigation channels branching off from the
rivers. During autumn these abound with young fish, and as in
November most of these channels are allowed to run dry, a great
loss of young life must result.
Two of the best collecting places in the valley are Te-ring Gompa
and High Hill Gompa, two monasteries situated on the hill faces
several thousand feet above the valley. A spring arises near
each, and Turbellarians, Amphipods, Oligochzetes, Rotifers and
frogs abound among the moss, algee and stones.
Through the courtesy of the Director General of Observatories
I am able to give the following table showing the maximum and
minimum temperatures recorded each month during 1907 in
Gyantse.
GYANTSE, 1907.
: at uw :
B Ua Het o
eae glait le ie
ise) rs qq n yee) A S| ‘
3 tw (3) | . oO =} mish ll| Aes) o Oo H
Be Wy Ore eaters cet nes = laisten Wee Ih OO ey) eee | ieee Os cilia
3 ra) a} s 5 3 5 o | 9 ° o 0)
| So ee
Maximum tem- |43-3|39°5 |46°3 |57°2 |65°6 |73°0 |74°8 |74°5 |73°4 |66°4 |54°6|43°4 |59°3
perature in de-
grees Fahr.
Minimum tem-| 8-7/ 8°8 |/13°8 |27°6 |32°9 |42°7 |47°6 |44°4 |43°1 |32°3|12°3| 4°0|26°5
perature. |
OBSERVATIONS ON SPECIMENS OF HYDRA FROM
TIBET, WITH NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF
THE GENUS IN ASIA.
By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum.
Hydra fusca, Linn.
? H. rhetica, Asper, Zool. Anz., 1880, p. 205.
Several specimens from among weeds in the Rham-Tso (lake)
at an altitude of about 15,000 feet; taken in August, 1907 (Capt.
F. H. Stewart).
212 N. ANNANDALE: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vor. IT,
The specimens, which are much contracted and have suffered
in transit, have a pale orange-brown colour in spirit; but Capt.
Stewart tells me that they were red in life. Some of them have
five and some six tentacles; no gonads are present, but one indivi-
dual bears a large bud with five well-developed tentacles. The
bud arises very near the base of the parent polyp. ‘The larger
nematocysts, which are not numerous on the tentacles and very
scarce on the body, measure 0°0135 mm. by o’o108 mm.;_ their
threads appear to be short and rather stout and the cnidocils
are short arid inconspicuous.
In diagnosing such specimens it is impossible to come to a very
definite conclusion. The speciés they represent resembles Asper’s
form, which was found in a Swiss Alpine lake, in its red colour
and in the number of its tentacles. Whether H. rhetica is speci-
fically distinct from H. fusca, Linn., may, however, be doubted.
In any case it appears to be distinct from the only other red
form that has received a name, wiz., H. rubra, Lewes, which is
stated to be a free-living form only found at considerable depths
(Roux, Ann. Biol, Lacustre, ii, p. 266, 1907).
I take this opportunity to add some remarks on the distribu-
tion of Hydra in Asia, a certain amount of additional information
having become available since I wrote my two papers on the
Bengal species (Mem. Aszat. Soc. Bengal, i, 239, 1906, and Journ.
Astat< Soc. Beng. 1907, p. 27).
I am indebted to Major J. Stephenson, I.M.S., Professor of
Biology, Government College, Lahore, for several specimens taken
by him in a small pond in that city. They are well preserved and
have, even in spirit, their tentacles considerably longer than their
bodies. Several of them bear buds, but no gonads are present.
The larger nematocysts, which are far less abundant, especially on
the body, than those of H. orentalis, measure 0°0135 mm. by
o'0081 mm, and are therefore smaller than those of the Bengal form,
which measure o’0189 mm. by o°1g0 mm. ; their threads also appear
to be shorter and stouter and their cnidocils to be less conspicuous.
The colour in spirit is a dirty white. I think that these specimens
are identical with the form called Hydra /usca by Linné.
Dr. A. Powell, of the Grant College, Bombay, has found a
Hydra at Bombay, which differs in its biology from my species,
while Capt. H. J. Walton, I.M.S., writes that he has recently taken
specimens at Bulandshahr in the United Provinces. These, he says,
do not altogether agree with my description of H. orientalis, from
which it is very probable that both they and the Bombay form are
distinct.
During a recent visit to Burma (March, 1908)) I found a Hydra,
apparently identical with specimens from Calcutta, common in a
pond at Mandalay ; while in a small pool near Moulmein, in Lower
Burma, I took a single polyp, which was of an “ oil-green”’ colour
and had eight tentacles. None of these specimens showed any sign
of sexual activity, but several of the Mandalay examples bore buds.
The nematocysts of all agreed with those of H. orientalis, to which
d
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 313
I therefore assign even the Moulmein specimen, in spite of its eight
tentacles. Such identifications, however, no gonads being present,
can only be provisional.
One of my examples from Mandalay exhibited a very remark-
able peculiarity, which can hardly have been more than an abnor-
mality. The specimen consists of a parent polyp with four buds.
The parent polyp had no trace of tentacles, although possessed of a
mouth; but on one of tlie buds five well-developed tentacles were
present, while on the others they had commenced to appear. Other
parent polyps trom the same pond had normal tentacles.
The following table embodies all that appears to be known as
regards the distribution of Hydra in Asia :—
TURKESTAN AND SIBERIA ..? Hydra fusca, Linn., E. v. Daday, Zool.
Jahrb., syst. Abth. xix, p. 480, 1904.
TIBET i .. Hydra fusca, T,inn. (vide supra).
INDIA ae ..Hydva orientalis, Annand. (Calcutta,
North and East Bengal, Chota Nagpur,
Upper and Lower Burma). Hydra,
spp. (Bombay, United Provinces).
Hydra fusca, Linn. (Punjab).
CEYLON ey ..? Hydra orventalis, Annand. (Colombo
and Peredeniya), Willey, Spolia Zey-
lantca, 1V, p. 185, 1907.
MALAYA Es ..? Hydra orventas, Annand. (Penang).
TONQUIN ay ..? Hydra fusca, Linn., Richard, Mém.
Soc. 2001. France, vil, p. 237, 1894.
Although a considerable number of records of the occurrence
of Hydra in the East now exist, the absence of gonads makes a
definite specific diagnosis at present impossible in most cases ; but
no form answering to the descriptions of Hydra viridis has yet been
found in Asia, while the production of eggs has only been observed
in the case of Hydra orientalis, which seldom produces them at all _
and sometimes produces them in a degenerate condition! possibly
due to their not having been fertilized. This form, as I have
pointed out elsewhere (Journ. Astat. Soc. Bengal, 1907, p. 28), is
very closely related to the Palearctic species H. grisea, Linn.
(= H. oligactis, Pallas), of which it is possibly a tropical race.
\ Cf. Weltner, Archiv ~. Naturgesch., 73 Jahr. (1), p. 475, 1908.
314 J. G. DE Man: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vot, II,
NOTE ON A FREE-LIVING NEMATODE FROM
RHAM-TSO LAKE, TIBET.
By Dr. J. G. DE MAN, TLerseke, Zeeland.
The single specimen of free-living Nematode which was collected
by Captain F. H. Stewart in Rham-Tso Lake, Tibet, belongs to a
long-tailed species of the genus Dorylaimus, Duj., and is apparently
most closely related to the well-known D. stagnalis, Duj., of the
fresh water of Europe.. The point of the partly protruded spear is
broken off, as also the extremity of the tail.
The measurements of this specimen, which is an egg-bearing
female 5°45 mm. long, are the following :—
Length of cesophagus ae 1°04 mm.
Distance between posterior extremity of the
cesophagus and the genital aperture - T2237 oer
Distance between genital aperture and anus 2°83 tes
Length of the tail .. i cn 0.20
Length of the body i ms 5°44.° 5,
Breadth at base of head 0'023) a
Breadth at posterior extremity of cesophagus O126)..
Breadth at the genital aperture >, sO La omer
Breadth at the anal aperture .. 07063,
Length of the anterior (7.e., antevaginal) part
of the genital organs O04" 5;
Length of the posterior (7.e. , postvaginal) part
of the genital organs O04 Pia
Proportion between the length ‘of body and
the average breadth es
Proportion between the length of body and
that of cesophagus 2
Proportion between the eee of tear and
that of tail be 22
These measurements fully agree with those of D. stagnalts,
Duj. (vide de Man, ‘‘ Contribution a la connaissance des Nematodes
libres de la Seine et des environs de Paris,’ Annales de Biologie
lacustre, ii, 1907, p. 25, pls. ii and iti, fig. 5). Both species fully
resemble one another as regards the general shape of the body and
of the cesophagus, the structure of the head or cephalic region, the
situation of the genital aperture and the shape of the tail. In one
character, however, this specimen differs from D. stagnalis. On
behalf of the quoted paper on the free-living Nematodes of the river
Seine, no less than twelve female specimens of D. stagnalis were
measured by me, for the greater part, if not all, egg-bearing ; in all
these specimens the posterior part of the genital apparatus proved
to be distinctly longey than the anterior, it.e., that part which is
situated between the genital aperture and the cesophagus; the
posterior part, indeed, appeared 1} to 14 times, in one individual
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 315
even twice, as long as the anterior. In the specimen from Rham-
Tso Lake, however, the anterior portion of the genital organs
appears exactly as long as the posterior (vide table of measure-
ments). The anterior portion appears but Jzttle shorter than the
cesophagus, while in the observed females of D. stagnalis it was
usually considerably shorter, for, with a rare exception, the ceso-
phagus proved to be once-and-a-half to twice as long as the an-
terior part of the genital organs. At either side of the vagina four
or five ova are situated, more or less compressed against one an-
other ; somewhat farther distant from the genital aperture, each
oviduct contains another fully developed egg, o°I to o°1I mm. long.
It is to be regretted that no more specimens were collected,
especially male specimens, which probably present greater differ-
ences, in which case the Tibetan species would, indeed, be different
from D. stagnalis.
Prof. von Daday’s paper on microscopical freshwater animals
from Mongolia (in Math. Termt. Evt., Budapest, 24, 1906) is not at
my disposal: according to the Zoological Record, however, no new
species of the genus Dorylaimus are described in it.
SUR LES GORDIENS RECUEHILLIS PAR LE CAPITAINE
F. H. STEWART DANS LE TIBET.
Par LORENZO CAMERANO, Professeur a ? Université de Turin.
Monsieur N. Annandale, Superintendant du Musée d’Histoire
Naturelle Indien de Calcutta, a eu l’obligeance de me soumettre
les Gordiens recueillis par le Capitaine F. H. Stewart dans le Tibet.
Comme il s’agit d’une région peu explorée jusqu’a présent je le crois
utile de publier les résultats relatifs aux Gordiens qui ont été
recueillis, résultats qui vienn€nt compléter aux ceux que j’ai déja
publiés 4 propos des Gordiens rapportés d’autres régions du Tibet
et des pays voisins par l’expédition Russe de 1899 a Igor.
Parachordodes pustulosus, Baird.
Gyantse—(13,120 pieds sur la mer), II-vi-1907.
@—Longueur maxima, m. 0°193. Largeur maxima, m. ovoor.
L/animal est d’un brun clair.
Mang-tsa (14,500 pieds sur la mer), Juillet 1907.
?—Longueur maxima, m. 0'295. Largeur maxima, m. o’ooI.
Cet exemplaire est couvert d’un dépdt de carbonate de chaux.
Il s’est trouvé peut-étre dans une eau trés calcaire aprés
sa mort
316 I,, CAMERANO: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. IT,
9 —Longueur maxima, m. o'r40. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0008.
L/animal est d’un brun clair.
@—lLongueur maxima, m. o116. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0008.
L/animal est d’un brun noiratre.
9 —Longueur maxima, m. 0°135. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0008.
L/animal est d’un brun clair.
o—Longueur maxima, m. o'114. Largeur maxima, m. 0'0005.
o a ie im) sO LL, a * m. 0°0005.
L’animal est d’un brun noiratre.
Lexpédition Russe au Tibet (1899-1901) a trouvé le Parachor-
dodes pustulosus, Baird, 4 Entok-gomba dans une source prés du
fleuve Dza-Eju (Bassin du Fleuve Bleu).
- Cette espéce est trés répandue en Asie—Desert des Kirgisi—
Chine septentrionale, Chingan meridionale, Monts Tjan-schan—Zar-
kand. (Cf. L. Camerano, ‘‘ Gordiens nouveaux ou peu connus du
Musée Zoologique de l’Acad. Imp. Sc. St. Pétersbourg,” Annuatre du
Mus. Zool, Acc. Sc. St. Pétersburg, vol. i (1896), p. 117—125, et vol.
Viii (1903), p. 22—29; ‘‘Gordiens du Musée Indien,” Rec. Ind.
Mus., vol. ii (1908), p. 113, Calcutta.)
On trouve aussi le Parachordodes pustulosus, Baird, en Angle-
terre, en France, en Allemagne, en Italie (Ll. Camerano, ‘‘ Monografia
dei Gordii,’’ Mem. R. Accad. Sc. de Torino, ser. ii, vol. xlvii (1897).
ROTIFERS AND GASTROTRICHA FROM TIBET.
By F. H. Stewart, M.A., D.Sc., M.B., Capt., I.M.S.
ROTIFERA.
BDELLOIDA.
Family eed
1. Philodina erythrophthalma, Ehrenberg.
Locality.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft., in a small pool among
alge. June.
2. Philodina roseola, Ehrenberg.
Locality.—-Gyantse, 13,100 ft. May.
3. Philodina citrina, Ehrenberg.
Locahtty.—Gyantse, 13,100 ft. July.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. BI7
4. Rotifer tridentatus, sp. nov. (figs. I and 2).
Specific characters.—General shape vermiform, slender. Coro-
na divided by a deep and broad sulcus into right and left halves.
Eyes circular. The tip of the dorsal column can be partially
retracted. There are three circular lines around the neck, from the
second of which the antenna arises. The antenna has a minute
terminal invertile portion bearing sete. The body is longitudinally
fluted. The foot tapers gradually, with three or four encircling lines.
FIGS. I AND 2.
Spurs conical, length ‘o2 mm. There are two long conspicuous
pedal glands.
Mastax—Teeth three.
Colourless.
Length a as eae Tait,
Locality.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft., in a small pool among
alge, June.
PLOIMA ILLORICATA.
Fam. NOTOMMATADA,
5. Notommata aurita, Ehrenberg.
Locality.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft. April to September.
318 F. H. Stewart: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II,
6. Copeus labiatus, Gosse.
Locahty.— Chang-lo, 13,100 ft. August.
7. Proales gibba, Ehrenberg.
The measurements of this Tibetan form are slightly larger than __
" 14
those given by Gosse, 7.e. 735” in length as compared with 3$0°—
1
Locality.—Chang-lo, 13,100 ft., in slowly flowing water among
alge. June.
8. Diglena catellina, Ehrenberg.
Locality.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft.
FIG. 3.
PLOIMA LORICATA.
Fam. RATTuLIDaé.
9. Mastigocerca auchinlechii, sp. nov. (fig. 3).
Specific characters.—Body fusiform. Head truncate. Occipital
margin of lorica armed with two unequal spines of which the longer
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 319
is median, the shorter situated to the left. The lorica is ridged in
its anterior quarter in continuation of the median spine. Toe 2
of length of body and head; two minute substyles at the base.
Two large flagelle in the ventral half of the corona. Right malleus
absent.
Length—Body and head .. “27 min. (=, )
OGG a "17 mm. (z3,°)
Maximum breadth re ‘I mm.
Localtty.—Se-chen, 13,000 ft., in small marshy pools. March
and April.
This formclosely resembles M. bicornis, Ehrenberg. It differs
from it in the following three points: (1) The short spine is to
the left, not to the right of the mid-line. (2) The lorica is ridged.
(3) There is a pair of minute substyles.
Fam. DINOCHARIDA.
10. Dinocharis pocitllum, Ehrenberg.
Locality.—Chang-lo, 13,100 ft. July.
11. Scaridium longicaudum, Ehrenberg.
Locality.—Gyantse, 13,100 ft.
Fam. SALPINADA.
12. Diaschiza exigua, Gosse.
The form found in Tibet is somewhat larger than that described
by Gosse, as the head and body measure ,1,,” in length as compared
with 33;” of the English form. It does not, however, correspond
with the larger D. taurocephalus, Hilgendorff,! described from
New Zealand, as the head is not so large in comparison with the
body as in that form.
Locality.—Chang-lo, 13,100 ft. Inasmall pool off an irriga-
tion channel among alge. August.
13. Diaschiza semiaperta, Gosse.
Locality. —Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft.
14. Salpina shapé, sp. nov. (fig. 4).
This species closely resembles S. brevispina, Ehrenberg, differ-
ing from it apparently only in the following two points: (1) it is
double the length of S. brevispina; (2) it is devoid of lumbar
spines.
1 Hilgendorff, Trans. and Proc. New Zealand Institute, vol, Xxxi, p. 107.
320 F. H. STEwartT: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vor. II,
It differs from S. similis, Stokes,' in (1) the fact that the pec-
toral spines do not curve toward the dorsum; (2) the absence of
lumbar spines.
Length of head and body.. sie as25 stihe
2 ol foot-and toes. 2. S.. Leemiine
Locality.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft. May.
FIG. 4.
Family KUCHLANIDA.
15. Euchlanis dilatata, Ehrenberg.
Locality.—Gobshi, 13,100 ft., in a small pool among alge.
16. Cathypna amban, sp. nov. (fig. 5).
Specific characters.—Vorica of two unequal plates, both roughly
elliptical but truncated at the anterior end. The ventral plate
compared with the dorsal is broader at the anterior extremity, and
is shorter, as it ends in front of the foot which projects ventrally,
whereas the dorsal plate covers the origin of the foot. The occipi-
tal edge of the lorica is straight, the pectoral somewhat crescentic.
There is no incisura for the foot in either plate. The toes are
one-shouldered. eee ie
Length .. ai vey CET mm. (a35:)
Maximum breadth .. ‘II mm.
Locality.—Chang-lo, 13,100 ft. July.
1 Stokes, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1896,-p. 17.
1908. |] Records of the Indian Museum. 321
This form resembles C. /una, Ehrenberg, but differs from it in
the following points: (1) the dorsal plate of the lorica is narrower
in front than the ventral; (2) the occipital edge is not inangulated;
(3) the horns of the pectoral edge are not so prominent; (4) there
is no posterior inangulation of the dorsal plate.
FIc, 5.
Fam. ANURAIDA}.
17. Notholca scaphula, sp. nov. (fig. 6).
Specific characters.—Shape viewed from the dorsum, broad oval
truncated at the head; viewed from the side it is horn-shaped.
Lorica of two dissimilar plates, the dorsal broader than the ventral,
projecting in two thin wing-like lateral expansions beyond the
latter. Occipital margin with six spines, the two central sharpest
and highest, sublateral lowest. Pectoral margin with a deep
rounded midventral incisura bounded by two flat spines. Dorsal
plate 20—24 strize; ventral plate Io strie.
Corona.—The outer ring of cilia passes ventrally into the in-
cisura of the pectoral edge, while dorsally it reaches well in front
of the tips of the spines. Inside the ring are three dorsal projec-
tions bearing large cilia.
Trophi—Teeth, three.
Eye single, immediately anterior to the mastax.
322 F. H. Stewart: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II,
Length .. .» *I4 mm. (745”)
Nasi breadth . oon Ope ar
Locahity.—Te-ring Coane: 14,000 ft. April to September.
This form closely resembles N. scapha, Gosse. It differs from
it in (1) the more marked difference in size between the central
and sublateral spines of the occipital edge; (2) in the greater*depth
of the incisura of the pectoral edge; (3) there are 20—24 dorsal
strie instead of II.
Fie. 6.
GASTROTRICHA.
18. Lepidoderma squammatum, F. Dujardin.
Only one specimen was preserved. It corresponds, however,
so closely with the description of P. sguammatum by Zelenka, that
there appears to be no doubt about the diagnosis, ‘The transverse
rings separating the ciliary fields in the anterior portion of the body
and the scales in the same position in the posterior portion can be
made out, although the specimen is mounted on its side.
Measurements,
Length .. ‘I7 mm,
Maximum dorso-ventral measurement of head S020 74s
Minimum Fe x meck 02044;
Length of cesophagus sis a “re 105s ee
yy 95, terminal spur - 2 COLON 56
The latter measurement is the only one which differs appreci-
ably from the corresponding measurement given by Zelenka, vwz.,
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 323
‘022 mm. As my specimen, however, is mounted on its side, there
is doubtless some foreshortening due to the lateral curve of the
spur.
Habitat.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 feet. 17th May, 1907.
These animals were by no means of frequent occurrence. I
believe that I did not find more than three or four specimens in
six months’ work.
Lepidoderma squammatum has been recorded from Germany,
France, England, Austria and North America (Zelenka).
Technique.—For the two groups of Rotifers and Gastrotricha
the only form of technique employed was that of Rousselet—cocaine,
osmic acid and formalin (Journ. Queckett Muicr. Club, vol. v,
p. I), asphalt being used as a cement. ‘This method gave excellent
results for observation within three or four months, and about
thirty per cent. of the specimens were found to be in very fair
condition after fifteen months, in some cases in such a good state of
preservation as to repay examination with a 7-inch oil immersion
lens. When it is considered that the slides had made a road
journey of two hundred miles, and had endured extremes of climate
from the cold of the Tibetan passes in mid-winter to the full heat
of the hot weather in Calcutta, the method may be regarded as
having been tested under somewhat adverse conditions, and to
have come well out of the test.
ENTOMOSTRACA ETI HYDRACHNIDAE E TIBET.
[Cum Figuris 9 in Textu. ]
Pror. E. DADAY DE DEES.
Iilustr. Dom. F. H. Stewart anno 1907 in Tibet ex aliquot
localitatibus inter alia etiam materiam planctonicam collegii
quam Illustr. Dom. N. Annandale, Superintendens Musei Indian
Historiae Naturalis studiendi causa Entomostracorum Hydrachni-
darumque ad me misit. Commissionem hanc honorabilem, literatu-
ra datis de Entomostracis Hydrachnidisque in Tibet occurentibus
hucusque exceptis ab Illustr. D. G. O. Sars publicatis carente,
libenter accepi resultatemque studii mei in subsequentibus breviter
conscribere necessarium esse putavi. Notamdum est, collectionem
Dom. F. H, Stewarti in 17 vitris ete 4 localitatibus species 21
infra partim enumeratas, partim descriptas continere.
Localitates materiae planctonicae examinatae sunt sequentes :—
I. Mang-tsa, altitudine 4419°5 mtr. a superficie maris; anno
1907, 2 Julii—z vitra.
324 E. von Dapay: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II,
2. Gyantse, altitudine 39989 mtr. a superficie maris; anno
1907, 4 Augusti, 9 Septembris et 6 Novembris—8 vitra.
3. Rham-Tso, altitudine 4480°5 mtr., a superficie maris ; anno
1907, 12 Augusti—3 vitra.
4. Kang-ma, altitudine 4267°1 mtr., a superficie maris; anno
1907, 18 Augusti—1 vitrum.
I.--SPECIES EXAMINATAE SECUNDUM LOCALITATES CONSCRIPTAE.
1. Mang-tsa.
Simocephalus elizabethae (King).
Herpetocypris stewarti, n. sp.
2. Gyantse.
Cyclops strenuus (Fisch). Alona guttata, G. O. Sars.
Cyclops viridis (Jur). | Simocephalus _ elizabethae
Cyclops serrulatus (Fisch). (King).
Diaptomus tibetanus, n. sp. 10. Scapholeberis mucronata
5. Diaptomus paulseni, G. O. | (O- FM)
Sars. Daphnia longispina, Leyd.
Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. M). Potamocypris stewarti, n. sp.
Dunhevedia crassa, King. 13. Eulais tibetana, n. sp.
3. Rham-Tso.
Cyclops viridis (Jur). Moina rectirostris (Jur).
Cyclops serrulatus, Fisch. Ceriodaphnia pulchella, G. O.
Diaptomus paulseni, G. O. Sars. Sars.
Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. M). Simocephalus _ elizabethae
5. EKuryalona annandalei, n. sp. (King).
Macrothrix hirsuticornis |10. Herpetocypris smaragdea,
(Br. Nr.). nl. Sp:
Eucypris tibetana, n. sp.
4. Kang-ma.
Eucypris minuta, n. sp.
II.—ConSPECTUS SYSTEMATICUS SPECIERUM EXAMINATARUM
DESCRIPTIONESQUE SPECIERUM NOVARUM.
Ordo COPEPODA.
(1) Cyclops viridis (Jur).
Cyclops viridis, O. Schmeil (9), p. 97, tab. 8, fig. 12-14.
Specimina numerosa e localitatibus Gyantse et Rham-Tso
collecta examinavi.
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 325
(2) Cyclops strenuus, Fisch.
Cyclops strenuus, O. Schmeil (9), p. 39, tab. 2, fig. 12-15.
Cyclops strenuus, W. Lilljeborg (2), p. 28, tab. 2, fig. 20-25.
Specimina numerosa e localitate Gyantse collecta examinavi
haecque structura pedis quinti paris formae Cyclopis strenui form
lacustrt, Lillj., similia sunt.
(3) Cyclops serrulatus, Fisch.
Cyclops serrulatus, O. Schmetl (9), p. 141, tab. 5, fig. 6-14.
Species haec cosmopolita in Tibet frequens esse videtur. Spe-
cimina numerosa e localitatibus Gyantse et Rham-Tso collecta ex-
aminavi in societate Cyclopis viridis et strenut.
(4) Diaptomus tibetanus, n. sp.
(Fig. I, a-e.)
Corpus antice parum angustatum, segmento primo longitu-
dinem segmentorum triumsegmentorum simul junctorum superante.
Segmentum ultimum thoracicum feminae distinctum angulis later-
alibus posticis productis, lamelliformibus, magnitudine parum
diversis (fig. 1, a). Angulus laminiforme productus sinister dex-
tro parum longior latiorque, aculeo sat magno externo armatus.
Angulus dexter brevior angustiorque aculeo externo parvo. Seg-
mentum ultinum thoracicum maris angulis lateralibus posticis pa-
rum productis, apice acute rotundatis.
Abdomen feminae triarticulatum, articulo genitali duobus
ultimis simul junctis longiore. Abdomen maris 5-segmentatum,
segmentis 4 ultimis fere aequilongis.
Laminae furcales longitudine segmentum ultimum abdominale
superantes, margine interno setosae.
Antennae primiparis feminae 25-articulatae, retrorsum ver-
gentes apicem laminarum furcalium attingentes vel parum super-
antes.
Antenna geniculans maris articulo -13 aculeo valido, longo,
falciformi armato. Articulus ultimus antennae geniculantis in
apice hamulo parvo, introssum vergenti (fig. I, @).
Pedes quintiparis feminae articulo ultimo exopoditi biaculeato,
aculeis sat crassis, endopodito uniarticulato, digitiformi, longitudi-
nem dimidiam articuli primi exopoditi parum superante, apice
distali biaculeato, aculeo externo longiore, interno vero breviore
(fig.-x, D).
Protopoditum pedis dextri quintiparis maris articulo primo
in angulo externo-distali processu lobiformi, articulo secundo cum
endopodito connato, marginibus laevibus. Articulus primus exo-
poditi angulo externo-distali mucronato, mucrone valido, in mar-
gine interiori parum tuberculatus. Articulus secundus exopoditi
326 EH. VON DapAy: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II,
fere cuneiformis, apicem versus valde angustatus, aculeo valido,
curvato, ab apice distali valde remoto, in parte tertia basali sito.
Unguis apicalis exopoditi falciformiter valde arcuatus, longitudine
articulos tres antecedentes parum superans (fig. I, d). Endopodi-
tum uniarticulatum, perbreve, longitudinem dimidiam articuli
primi exopoditi non superans, cuneiformi, extrorsum vergens.
Articulus secundus protopoditi pedis sinistri quinti paris
margine interiore laevi. Articulus secundus exopoditiin margine
OO.
Fic. 1.—Diaptomus tibetanus, n. sp.
(a) Segmenta duo posteriora trunci cum abdomine feminae.
(b) Pes quinti paris feminae.
(c) Apex pedis quinti paris sinistri maris.
(d) Pedes quinti paris maris.
(e) Pars media antennae geniculantis maris.
interno lobiformiter prominens, lobo rotundato, dense piloso
aculeisque parvis 3-4 armato, in margine apicali aculeo breviore,
in angulo externo apicali aculeo valido parum falciformi praeditus
(fig. 1, c, d). Endopoditum huius pedis uniarticulatum, digiti-
forme, longitudine articulum primum exopoditi plusminusve
superans.
Longitudo totalis feminae 2 mm.; maris 1°8 mm.
Specimina numerosa e localitate Gyantse collecta examinavi,
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 327
Species haec nova differt a speciebus ceteris: structura pedum
quintiparis feminae precipueque martis.
(5) Diaptomus paulsem, G. O. Sars.
(Hig. 2. 2. 0)
Diaptomus paulseni, G. O. Sars (7), p. 20, tab. 15, fig. x, a-f.
Species haec adhuc solum e Pamir cognita etiam in Tibet sat
frequens esse videtur. Specimina numerosa examinata e localita-
tibus Gyantse et Rham-Tso collecta solum structura antennae
Fic. 2.—Diaptomus paulsent, G. O. Sars.
(a) Pars apicalis antennae geniculantis maris.
(6) Pedes quinti paris maris.
geniculantis pedumque quinti paris maris differunt a speciminibus
adhuc descriptis. Articulus antepenultimus antennae geniculan-
tis scilicet in parte ultima marginis interioris denticulis minutis,
serratim ordinatis armatus (fig. 2, a). Articulus secundus exopo-
diti pedis quintiparis dextri maris prope basin aculei lateralis
lamina lobiformi et in margine exteriore prope basin unguis
apicalis tuberculis duobus parvis armatus. Endopoditum pedis
sinistri quintiparis apicem versus attenuatum, apice bifisso,
aculeo minore interno, externo vero majore (fig. 2, 0).
Subordo CLADOCERA.
(6) Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. M.).
Chydorus sphaericus, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 561, tab. 77, fig. 8-25.
Species haec cosmopolita in Tibet sat frequens esse videtur
et ego exemplaria numerosa in materiam e localitatibus Gyantse
Rham-Tsoque inveni.
(7) Dunhevedia crassa, King.
Dunhevedia crassa, G. O. Sars (3), p. 42, tab. 5, fig. 1-4.
Specimina solum duo feminina examinavi e localitate Gyantse.
Species haec fere cosmopolita etiam e Ceylon et e Siberia
(Akmolinsk) cognita.
328 E. VON Dapay: Aguatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. Il,
(8) Alona guttata, G. O. Sars.
Lynceus guttatus, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 468, tab. 68, fig. 16-26.
Species haec etiam e Turkestan enumerata in Tibet sat rara
esse videtur, specimina non numerosa solum e localitate Gyantse
examinavi.
(9) Euryalona annandalet, n. sp.
(Fig. 3, a-c.)
Testa corporis subrotundata, margine dorsali late arcuato,
marginem versus posteriorem flexuoso et cum margine posteriore
angulum acutum, parum promineiutem formante. Margo posterior
testae in parte superiore parum sinuatus, in parte inferiore ro-
tundatus et in marginem ventralem sine limite visibili ineuns.
Margo ventralis testae ante medium parum prominens, in parte
posteriore subrectus et in marginem anteriorem sine limite ineuns,
Fic, 3.—Euryalona annandalet, u. sp.
(a) Femina a latere visa.
(b) Processus labri.
(c) Cauda a latere visa.
setis parvis armatus (fig. 3, a). Superficies testae concinne granu-
lata.
Caput rostro sat longo, parum arcuato tenuique, sub lineam
medianam testae declinato.
Oculus sat magnus; macula ocularis magnitudine oculi, oculo
multo quam apice rostri proprior.
Antennae primi paris sat breves, longitudinem dimidiam rostri
non superantes.
Processus labri sat parvus, antice late, infra acute rotundatus
(fig. 3, 6).
Cauda apicem distalem versus parum angustata, margine
posteriore vel superiore ultra fissuram analem usque ad partem
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 329
tertiam apicalem subrecto, in parte tertia arcuato, serie aculeorum
marginalium circa 12-14 serieque laterali aculeorum minimorum
fasciculatim dispositorum. Aculei marginales in poribus ordinati,
unus major, alter minor tenuiorque, unguis apicalis caudae laevis
aculeo basali parvo (fig. 3, c).
Longitudo totalis o°9—1 mm. ; altitudo maxima 0°6—0'65 mm.
Species haec nova in honorem Illustr. D. N. Annandale,
denominata forma, longitudine structuraque rostri, testae precipue-
que caudae differt a speciebus ceteris generis. Specimina solum
tres feminina examinavi e localitate Rham-Tso.
(10) Macrothrix hirsuticornis, Brady-Norm,
Macrothrix hirsuticornis, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 346, tab. 55,
fig. 6-14.
Speciei huius etiam e Mongolia enumeratae, solum specimina
tres examinavi e localitate Kham-Tso.
(11) Motina rectirostris (Jur).
Moina rectirostris, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 216, tab. 29, fig. 23-30,
tab. 30, fig. I-12.
Specimina 7 2 et I % vidie localitate Rham-Tso. Species
haec in Europa et in America boreali frequens occurit etiam in
Siberia (Akmolinsk) et in Mongolia.
(12) Certodaphnia pulchella, G. O. Sars.
Ceriodaphnia pulchella, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 198, tab. 28,
fig. 6-18.
Speciei huius in Asia sat frequentis et e Siberia Turkestanque
jam cognitae solum exemplaria tria examinavi e localitate Rham-Tso.
(13) Scapholeberis mucronata (O. F. M.).
Scapholeberis mucronata, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 151, tab. 22, fig.
15-19, tab. 23, fig. 1-7.
Species haec distributione geographica sat constricta etiam in
Asia sat frequens esse videtur, enumerata est scilicet e Ceylon et e
Siberia. Specimina non numerosa, a me examinata sunt e locali-
tate Gyantse collecta.
(14) Stmocephalus eluzabethae, King.
- Simocephalus elizabethae, G. O. Sars (3), p. 22, tab. 2, fig. 6-7.
Simocephalus gibbosus, G. O. Sars (4), p. 15, tab. 2, fig. 4-6.
Simocephalus vetuloides, G. O. Sars (5), p. 5, tab. 6, fig. 11-12.
Simocephalus mixtus, G. O. Sars (5), p. 18, tab. 6, fig. 4.
Species haec in Asia frequens esse videtur. Secundum
opinionem meam species supra enumeratae synonymae sunt et
330 E. von DapDay: Aguatic animals from Tibet. [Vou II,
non dubito quin ipsam species Simocephalus elizabethae propter
affinitatem magnam Simocephali vetuli, varietas sit.
Specimina numerosa vidi e localitatibus Mang-tsa, Gyantse et
Rham-Tso itaque species haec in Tibet frequentissima esse videtur.
(15) Daphnia longispina (O. F. M.).
Daphnia longispina, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 94, tab. 12, fig. ve
tab. 13, fig. 1-8; tab. 14, fig. 1-0.
Speciem hanciama D.G. O. Sars, e Tibet cum varietate cau-
data enumeratam solum e localitate Gyantse examinavi hincque
specimen unicum vidi.
Ordo OSTRACODA.
(16) Eucypris tibetana, n. sp.
(Fig. 4, a-7.)
Conchae ambae forma structuraque similes, a latere visae fere
oviformes, altitudine maxima dimidiam longitudinem parum
superante.
Margo anterior concharum altitudine posterioris remota, regu-
lariter et acutiusculo rotundatus, lamina hyalina canalibusque
pororum carens, tuberculis minimis, setigeris; in marginem dor-
salem ventralemque sine limite visibili ineuns (fig. 4, a).
Margo dorsalis concharum late rotundatus, in parte anteriore
parum humiliter flexuosus, in parte posteriore late arcuatus et in
marginem posteriorem arcuato-flexuoso sineque limite visibili
ineuns.
Margo posterior concharum altitudine anteriorem superans,
sat late reguiariterque rotundatus, lamina hyalina canalibus
pororum tuberculisque minimis carens, in marginem ventralem
sine limite visibili ineuns (fig. 4, a).
Margo ventralis concharum rectus, non sinuatus, structura
marginibus ceteris simili.
Conchae de conspectu dorsali aut ventrali oviformes, antice
acute, postice sat late rotundatae, latitudine maxima post medi-
um sita (fig. 4, 0).
Testa concharum concinne granulata superficie sat dense setosa.
Color ignotus.
Longitudo maxima 1°5—1°8 mm.; altitudo maxima o'8—r
mm.; latitudo maxima 0°7—--I°9 mm.
Antennae secundi paris endopoditi triarticulato fasciculoque
setarum natatorium usque ad apicem unguiculorum apicalium
vergente. Articulus penultimus unguiculis tribus, denticulatis uno
breviore duobus multo longioribus armatus. Articulus ultimus in
apice unguiculis duobus diversis, uno breviore laevique, altero
longiore et denticulato (fig. 4, c).
Palpus maxillaris articulo apicali longiore, quam latiore.
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 331
Processus manducatorius primus maxillarum in apice aculeis
duobus validis, denticulatis (fig. 4, d).
Pedes maxillares forma structuraque specierum ceterarum
similes.
Pedes primi paris articulis duobus antepenultimis in superficie
setosis, articulo penultimo in angulo anteriore distali setis duabus
Fic. 4.—Eucypris tibetana, 0. sp.
(a) Concha dextra a latere visa.
(b) Conchae supra visae.
(c) Endopoditum antennae secundi paris.
(d) Maxilla.
(e) Pes primus.
(f) Lamina furcalis.
inaequalibus. Unguiculus apicalis longitudinem articulorum 3 ulti-
morum pedis superans, parum falciformiter arcuatus (fig. 4, ¢).
Laminae furcales fere rectae, minime curvatae, margine
posteriore vel superiore laevi, seta laterali ad unguiculum lateralem
approximata; unguiculo laterali dimidiam longitudinem unguiculi
apicalis superante; unguiculo apicali fere longitudine dimidia
laminae furcalis ; seta apicali longitudine dimidia unguiculi apicalis.
Specimina numerosa 2 examinavi e localitate Rham-Tso.
332 E. VON DaDay: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vow. TI,
Species haec nova speciei Cyprinotus congener, Vavt., affinis,
sed differt inter alia structura marginis anterioris posteriorisque
concharum.
(17) Eucypris minuta, n. sp.
(Fig. 5, a-c.)
Conchae ambae inter se similes, a latere visae parum reniformes,
altitudine maxima longitudinem dimidiam non attingente (fig. 5, a).
Margo anterior concharum fere altitudine marginis posterioris,
late rotundatus, in parte inferiore acutiusculo arcuatus, in parte
superiore vero flextioso arcuatus, in marginem dorsalem ventralem-
que sine limite visibili ineuns, lamina hyalina canalibusque poro-
rum carens (fig. 5, @).
Margo dorsalis concharum late arcuatus, in parte anteriore
Fic. 5.—Eucypris minuta, n. sp.
(a) Concha dextra a latere visa.
(b) Conchae supra visae.
(c) Lamina furcalis,
tamen altior, marginem versus posteriorem leniter flexuosus et in
marginem posteriorem sine limite visibili ineuns.
Margo posterior latiusculo aequaliterque rotundatus, lamina
hyalina canalibusque pororum carens, in marginem ventralem sine
limite visibili ineuns.
Margo ventralis subrectus, fere in medio minime sinuatus,
structura marginis posterioris aequali.
Margo anterior conchae sinistrae lamina hyalina valde angusta.
Conchae supra aut infra visae fere formam navicellae imitantes,
apice anteriore acutiusculo, apice posteriore acute rotundato, lati-
tudine maxima in medio (fig. 5, 0).
Valvulae concharum superficie concinne granulata sparsimque
setosa. Color brunneus. Longitudo 1'2—1'°5 mm.
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 333
Antennae secundi paris endopodito triarticulato, fasciculo
setarum natatoriarum apicem unguiculorum apicalium superante.
Articulus penultimus in angulo superiore distali unguiculis duobus
aequilongis, denticulatis setisque duabus longis armatus. Articulus
ultimus in apice unguiculis duobus validis, denticulatis setaque
parva. . =
Articulus penultimus palpi mandibularis processu aculeiformi,
dense setoso, sensorio.
Palpus maxillaris articulo apicali longiore, quam lato.
Processus manducatorius primus maxillae in apice aculeis
duobus denticulatis.
Pedes maxillares, pedes primi secundique paris structura
specierum ceterarum generis similes. Articulus penultimus pedum
primi paris in angulo anteriore distali setis duabus inaequalibus.
Taminae furcales apicem distalem versus parum attenuatae,
leviter arcuatae, margine posteriore vel superiore concinne setoso;
seta laterali unguiculo laterali approximata, longitudinem unguiculi
laterali parum superante; unguiculo laterali longitudinem dimi-
diam unguiculi apicalis non attingente; unguiculo apicali longitudi-
nem dimidiam laminae furcalis parum superante, leviter arcuato;
seta apicali brevi, fere longitudine tertia unguiculi apicali
(fig. 5, ¢).
Specimina non numerosa (4 2? et 2 juv.) examinavi e localitate
Kang-ma.
Species haec nova a speciebus ceteris generis differt forma
structuraque concharum.
(18) Herbetocypris stewarti, n. sp.
(Fig. 6, a-k.)
(Femina, fig. 6, a-b.)
Conchae a latere visae reniformes, inter se parum dissimiles, al-
titudine maxima longitudinem dimidiam non attingente (fig. 6, a-d).
Concha dextra (fig. 6, a) a latere visa margine anteriore
altitudinem posterioris superante sat acute regulariterque arcuato
lamina hyalina carente, canalibus pororum distinctibus, rectis, non
ramosis; in marginem dorsalem ventralemque sine limite visibili
ineunte.
Margo dorsalis conchae dextrae marginem anteriorem versus
flexuosus, supra oculum parum tuberculatus, in parte media late
arcuatus, marginem posteriorem versus arcuate flexuosoque decli-
natus et in marginem posteriorem sine limite visibili ineuns
(fig. 65a).
Margo posterior margine anteriore humilior, acute arcuatus,
in marginem ventralem sine limite visibili ineuns, lamina hyalina
carens, canalibus pororum distinctis, rectis, non ramosis.
Margo ventralis conchae dextrae in medio parum sinuatus,
ante sinum late arcuatus, post sinum subrectus, structura marginis
anterioris posteriorisque simili (fig. 6, a).
334 E. von Dapay: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. Il,
Concha sinistra margine anteriore posterioreque fere aequialto
(fig. 6, 0). . ae
Margo anterior conchae sinistrae acutiusculo arcuatus, in mar-
Fic. 6.—Herpetocypris stewartt, n. sp.
(a) Concha dextra feminae a latere visa.
(6) Concha sinistra feminae a latere visa.
(c) Concha dextra maris a latere visa.
(da) Conchae maris supra visae,
(e) Endopoditum antennae secundi paris.
(f) Pes maxillaris dexter maris.
(2) Palpus pedis maxillaris sinistri maris.
(h) Ductus ejaculatorius.
(t) Penis.
(k) Lamina furcalis maris.
ginem dorsalum ventralemque sine limite visibili ineuns, lamina
hyalina carens, canalibus pororum rectis, non ramosis.
Margo dorsalis late arcuatus supra oculum minime protuberans,
1908, | Records of the Indian Museum. 335
antice posticeque arcuate flexuosus et in marginem posteriorem sine
limite visibili ineuns (fig. 6, 0).
Margo posterior conchae sinistrae obtuse rotundatus, cum
margine ventrali angulum arcuatum formans, lamina hyalina
carens, canalibus pororum rectis, non ramosis.
Margo ventralis in medio late sinuatus, ante sinum subarcua-
tus, post sinum subrectus, canalibus pororum rectis, non ramosis
(fig. 6, 0).
Conchae supra infraque visae formam navicellae imitantes
apice anteriore acuto, posteriore vero rotundato, lateribus minime
arcuatis, fere subrectis, latitudine maxima in medio sita.
Valvulae concharum superficie splendida, concinne granulata,
setosa, setis parvis, sat rare disparsis ; colore viridi.
Longitudo concharum 1°2—1°3 mm; altitudo maxima 0°6—0°65
mm.; latitudo maxima 0°43—0'48 mm.
Antennae, mandibulae, maxillae, pedes laminaeque furcales
structura iisdem maris similes.
(Mas, fig. 6, c-k.)
Conchae ambae forma structuraque fere similes, reniformes,
altitudine maxima longitudinem dimidiam non attingente,
in margine anteriore, posteriore ventralique lamina hyalina car-
entes, canalibus pororum rectis, non ramosis, ubique fere aequi-
longis (fig. 6, c).
Margo interior concharum altitudine posteriorem superante,
regulariter acutiusculo arcuatus, in marginem dorsalem ventra-
lemque sine limite visibili ineuns (fig. 6, c).
Margo dorsalis late arcuatus in marginem anteriorem posteri-
oremque aequaliter flexuoso declinatus, sine limite visibili.
Margo posterior anteriore humilior acutiusculo arcuatus, in
marginem dorsalem ventralemque sine limite visibilis ineuns.
Margo ventralis concharum in medio late sinuatus, ante et
post sinum fere aequaliter subarcuatus.
Conchae supra vel infra visae formam navicellae imitantes,
apice anteriore acuto, posteriore vero rotundato, latitudine maxi
ma in medio sita (fig 6, d); structura coloreque feminarum
similes,
Longitudo concharum I'05—I'I mm.; altitudo maxima
0°45—0'5 mm.; latitudo maxima 0°4 mm.
Antennae primi paris articulo ultimo setis duabus aculeoque
laevi, elongato armato.
Articulus proximalis endopoditi antennarum secundi paris
fasciculo setarum natatoriarum perbrevium, evanescentium.
Articulus penultimus in angulo superiore distali unguiculis api-
calibus tribus, aequalibus, denticulatis. Articulus ultimus in apice
unguiculo apicali, denticulato, aculeo laevi, unguiformi, seta bacil-
liformi sensoria setaque simplici parva (fig. 6, @).
Articulus ultimus palpi maxillaris longitudine latitudinem
superante. Processus primus maxillae manducatorius in apice
336 E. VON DaDay: Aquatic animals from Tibet [Vou. II,
aculeis duobiis validis, laevibus. Pedes maxillares appendice
branchiali 6 setosa, setis plumosis. Palpus pedis maxillaris dextri
biarticulatus, articulo basali columniformi ubique fere aequilato,
in angulo anteriore distali aculeis duobus diversis sensoriis; articulo
ultimo fere falciformi, basi et in apice angustiore (fig. 6, f).
Palpus pedis maxillaris sinistri biarticulatus, articulo basali
columniformi, ubique fere aequilato, in angulo anteriore distali
aculeis duobus diversis; articulo ultimo fere falciformi, basi
inflato, apicem versus sensim attenuato (fig. 6, g).
Pedes primi paris articulis duobus proximalibus superficie
setosis, articulo antepenultimo in angulo anteriore distali setis
duabus inaequalibus armato; ungue apicali longitudinem articu-
lorum trium antecedentium superante.
Laminae furcales fere gladiiformes, margine posteriore vel
superiore recto, dense setoso, setis minimis, margine anteriore vel
inferiore sinuato; seta laterali unguiculo laterali valde approxi-
mata; unguiculo laterali longitudinem dimidiam unguiculi apicalis
attingente; unguiculo apicali longitudinem dimidiam laminae furcalis
multo non attingente; seta apicali longitudine dimidia unguiculis
apicalis multo breviore (fig. 6, 2).
Ductus ejaculatorius circum canalem centralem annulis 20
aculeorum (fig. 6, h).
Penis utcunque pyriformis appendice accessoria fere quadrangu-
lari, apicem distalem versus dilatata. Vas deferens laqueos
multos formans (fig. 6, 7).
Specimina numerosa @ et % examinavi e localitate Mang-tsa
collecta.
Species haec nova in honorem D. F. H. Stewarti, denominata
differt forma structuraque concharum, ductus ejaculatorii penisque
a speciebus ceteris generis.
(19) Herpetocypris smaragdea, n. sp.
(Fig. 7, a-d.)-
Conchae ambae structura formaque similes, a latere visae fere
reniformes, altitudine maxima dimidiam longitudinem attingente ;
margine anteriore , posteriore ventralique lamina hyalina, canalibus-
que pororum carentibus.
Margo anterior concharum fere altitudine posterioris, latiusculo
arcuatus, in marginem dorsalem ventralemque sine limite visibili
ineuns (fig, 7):
Margo dorsalis late arcuatus, antice posticeque flexuosus, in
marginem posteriorem sine limite visibili ineuns.
Margo posterior acutiusculo rotundatus, in marginem ventralem
sine limite visibili flexuose ineuns.
Margo ventralis in medio late sinuatus, ante et post sinum
partum arcuatus.
Conchae supra aut infra visae elongato oviformes, antice acutius
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 337
quam postice rotundatae, lateribus late arcuatis; latitudine maxima
in medio sita (fig. 8, b).
Valvulae concharum politae, laeves; colore viridi.
Longitudo concharum 1°25 mm.; altitudo maxima o‘6 mm. ;
latitudo maxima 0°55 mm.
Articulus ultimus antennarum primi paris setis duabus longis
aculeoque elongato, setiformi, laevi.
Articulus basalis endopoditi antennarum secundi paris
fasciculo setarum 5 breviorum natatoriarum evanescente, dimidiam,
longitudinem articuli sequentis parum attingene. Articulus penul-
timus in angulo superiore distali unguiculis 3 aequilongis, validis,
denticulatis setisque duabus longis.
RFIc. 7.—Herpetocypris smaragdea, n. sp.
(a) Concha dextra a latere visa.
(6) Conchae supra visae.
(c) Endopoditum antennae secundi paris.
(d) Lamina furcalis.
Articulus ultimus in apice unguiculis duobus diversilongis,
denticulatis, seta bifissa sensoria setaque parva simplici (fig. 7, c).
Palpus maxillaris articulo ultimo longiore quam latiore. Pro-
cessus manducatorius primus in apice aculeis duobus laevibus,
politis.
Palpus pedum maxillarium cuneiformis apice trisetoso, setis.
brevibus. Appendix branchialis setis 6 plumosis.
Pedes primi paris articulis duobus proximalibus in marginibus
setosis. Articulus antepenultimus in angulo anteriore distali
setis duabus inaequalibus. Unguis apicalis longitudinem articulo-
rum trium antecedentium pedis superans, parum arcuatus.
Pedes sequndi paris iisdem specierum ceterorum generis similes.
Laminae furcales apicem versus parum attenuatae, subrectae,
margine posteriore setoso, setis minimis; seta laterali unguiculo
338 E. vON DAapAy: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II,
laterali approximata, longitudinem dimidiam unguiculi lateralis
superante; unguiculo laterali elongato, longitudinem dimidiam un-
guiculi apicalis multo superante; unguiculo apicali fere longitudine
dimidia laminae furcalis; seta apicali longitudinem tertiam wngui-
culi apicalis non superante (fig. 7, d).
Specimen unicum @ examinavi e localitate Rham-Tso.
Species haec nova speciei Herpfetocypris stewarti affinis, sed
differt: forma structuraque concharum antennarumque secundi
paris. -
(20) Potamocypris stewartt, n. sp.
(Fig. 8, a-c.)
Conchae ambae structura formaque similes, a latere visae
parum oviformes, altitudine maxima in medio concharum sita
longitudinem dimidiam valde superante (fig. 8, a); margine anter-
2 2
Fic. 8.—Potamocypris stewartt, n. sp.
(a) Concha dextra a latere visa,
(b) Conchae supra visae.
(c) Lamina furcalis,
lore, posteriore ventralique lamina hyalina canalibusque pororum
carentibus.
Margo anterior fere altitudine posterioris, obtuse arcuatus, in
marginem dorsalem ventralemque sine limite visibili ineuns.
Margo dorsalis sat acute rotundatus, antice posticeque flexuose
declinatus, in marginem posteriorem sine limite visibili ineuns.
Margo posterior acutiusculo arcuatus, marginem dorsalem
versus flexuoso, marginem ventralem versus ‘actitius rotundatus et
in marginem ventr alem sine limite visibili ineuns.
Margo ventralis leviter arcuatus, antice posticeque parum
flexuosus (fig. 8, a).
Conchae supra aut infra visae ovo brevi, sat dilatato similes,
apice anteriore acuto, posteriore vero sat obtuse rotundato, lati-
tudine maxima post dimidium sita (fig. 8, b).
Valvulae concharum concinne eranulatae, sparsim setosae,
setis parvis; colore viridibrunneo.
Longitudo concharum I mm.; altitudo maxima 0°75 mm.;
latitudo maxima 0°56 mm.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 339
Exopoditum antennarum primi paris lobum parvum trisetosum
formats seta mediana perlonga, apicem articuli ultimi fere attin-
gente. Articulus primus endopoditi in parte distali infra setosus,
fasciculo- setarum natatoriarum apicem-unguiculorum apicalium
attingente. Articulus penultimus in angulo superiore distali un-
guiculis tribus apicalibus setisque duabus longis. Unguiculi api-
cales inter se diversi, duo aequilongi, tenue denticulati, alter brevior,
parum latior, validiusque denticulatus. Articulus ultimus in apice
unguiculis duobus inaequalibus denticulatis, seta sensoria bacilli-
formi, setaque parva simplici.
Processus manducatorius maxillarum primus aculeis duobus
laevibus, politis.
Pedes maxillares solum setis duobus branchialibus.
Pedes primi secundique paris iisdem specierum ceterorum
generis similes. -
Laminae furcales evanidae seta laterali brevi, processu fla-
gelliformi apicali (fig. 8, c).
Specimen unicum @ examinavi e localitate Gyantse.
Species haec nova in honorem D. F. H. Stewarti, denominata
differt forma structuraque concharum a speciebus ceteris generis.
HYDRACHNIDAE.
(21) Eulats ttbetana, n. sp.
(Fig. 9, a-e.)
Corpus ovale, antice acutius, postice latius rotundatum, longi-
tudine 2-3 mm., latitudine maxima I°5—2 mm.
Integumentum corporis dense concinneque striatum.
Circuitus oculorum oviformes, antice posticeque aequaliter
rotundati ponte elongato conjuncti. Pons conjungens longitudine
o'I7 mm. margine anteriore posterioreque trituberculato, tuberculo
medio majore, duobus lateralibus minoribus aequalibus, lamina ad-
haesionis musculorum sat magna, rotundata, setis sensoriis e
tuberculis exeuntibus (fig. 9, @).
Capitulum breviusculum superficie granulata, in angulo pos-
teriore utrinque processu retrorsum et a latere vergente sensim
attenuato; margine posteriore prope basin processorum lateralium
tuberculo parvo (fig. 9, c).
Sacculi tracheales longitudinem pharyngis non superantes
(fig. 9, 9).
Pharynx postice in lateribus processu parvo dentiformi
(lig 2 /0),€):
Palpus maxillaris longitudine 1°2 mm. Articulus secundus
in margine inferiore prope angulum setis duabus, latere externo
laevi, latere interno in margine apicali setis 4 brevibus, aculeiformi-
bus, setosis (fig. 9, 0, d). Articulus tertius in latere exteriore et
in margine distali seta aculeiformi pilosa (fig. 9, 0), in latere
interiore et in margine apicali setis 4 aculeiformibus pilosis
(fig. 9, @d). Articulus quartus in margine superiore inferioreque
340 HE. VON DapAay: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vor II,
setis duabus simplicibus, in latere exteriore laevi (fig.9, 0), in latere
interiore vero setis II simplicibus in seriebus duabus longitudinali-
bus ordinatis (fig. 9, d). Articulus ultimus apice denticulatus,
denticulis parvis, numerosis, in latere exteriore laevi (fig. 9, 3),
in latere interiore vero setis duabus aculeiformibus, simplicibus
(fig. 9, 4).
Pedes unguiculo apicali bifisso (fig. 9, ¢e), longitudine diversi.
Pedes primi paris 1°6 mm.; secundi paris I°9 mm.; tertii paris
2°I mm.; quarti paris 2°5 mm.
Specimina 4 examinavi e localitate Gyantse.
Species haec nova speciei Eulaits megalostoma aD. F. Koenthe
Fic. 9.—Eulats tibetana, n. sp.
(a) Oculi.
(b) Capitulum et palpus maxillaris a latere exteriore.
(c) Capitulum a latere ventrali visum.
(d) Palpus maxillaris a latere interiore.
(e) Unguis pedium 1-4 paris.
ex Afrika orientali descriptae affinis, sed differt: structura circuitus
oculorum, capituli palpique maxillaris.
LITERATURA IN TEXTU CITATA.
1. Lilljeborg, W. Cladocera Sueciae, Upsala, 1900, tab. 1-87.
‘“Synopsis specierum huc usque in Suecia
observatatum generis Cyclopis,’ Kongl.
Svenska vetenk. Akad, Handlingar, bd. 35,
No. 4, Stockholm, 1gor, tab. 1-6.
4.) eres tae 1Oe ““ Additional Notes on Australian Clado-
cera,” Viedensk. Selsk. Forhandl., 1888,
No. 7, tab. 1-6,
i)
d)
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 341
4. Sars, G.O. On Freshwater Entomostraca of Sydney,
Kristiania, 1896, tab. 1-8.
5 Re “The Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda
of the Jana Expedition,’ Annuaire du
Musée Zool. de l Acad. imp. des Scienc.
de St. Pétersbourg, 1898, p. 324, tab. 6-11.
6. rf “On the Crustacean Fauna. of Central
Asia,” -Part 2, Cladocera, ¢b:d.,. 1903,
tom. 8, p. 157, tab. 1-8.
70 a ‘On the Crustacean Fauna of Central
Asia,” Part 3, Copepoda and Ostracoda,
ibid., tom. 8, 1903, p. 195, tab. 9-16.
‘On the Crustacean Fauna of Central
Asia,’ Appendix, 2b1d., p. 233.
9. Schmeil, O. Deutschlands fretlebende Siisswasser-Cope-
boden, I, Cyclopide, Cassel, 1893, tab.
1-8.
x)
REPORT ON THE FISH COLLECTED IN TIBET
BY CAPT. “FH STEWART, IMS:
Bye Re He LLovn MB. Son Capi LMS:
Acting Professor of Biology, Medical College, Calcutta, formerly
Surgeon Naturalist, Marine Survey of India.
This collection includes eight species, all of which were taken
from the Nyang Chu, a stream of some magnitude, which flows by
Gyantse and Shigatse to meet the Tsang-po. Of these species three
are new to science. During the expedition of 1904 Captain H. J.
Walton collected seven species of fish, of which no less than
six were found by Mr. Tate Regan to be new species. As only two
species, Nemachilus stoliczke and Schizothorvax macropogon, are
present in both collections, we may conclude that the waters of
Tibet contain a considerable variety of fish.
Nemachilus stoliczke, Day.
Numerous specimens.
Ptychobarbus conirostris, Steindachner,
One specimen 175 mm. in length.
342 R. E. Luovp: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou II,
Schizothorax macropogon, Regan. (Pl. xxv, fig. 4.)
Three specimens measuring 26, 29 and 37 cms. ‘They differ
slightly from the described type of the species, which was from
Lhasa.
The length of the head is only } of the total length, and the
barbels are as long as the head excluding the snout.
Schizopygopsis stoliczeke, Steindachner.
A very common fish in these waters (identified by Captain
Stewart).
Schizopygopsis stoliczke (colour variety). Specimens were -
takenin which the pigment of the back was concentrated in stellate
spots: this peculiarity had no dependence on illumination, age, or
Sex.
Parexostoma stoliczke (Day).
Two specimens, measuring 250 and 190 mm. respectively, have
been referred to this species. They agree very closely in their pro-
portions with certain of Day’s specimens from Leh in Western Tibet.
They differ, however, somewhat in that their heads are relatively
larger and flatter. In colour they are olivaceous above, the pigment
being arranged in a speckled manner on a yellow ground; below
they are dull yellow.
P. maculatum, Regan, from JIhasa seems to resemble P.
stoliczke very closely, except in colour. In this respect, however,
our specimens from Gyantse appear to agree, judging from the
descriptions, with the specimens from Leh more closely than with
those from Lhasa.
In the specimens from Gyantse, the head length is more than
1 of the total length, the length of the snout is 1} times the inter-
ocular distance as in P. maculatum and as in many of Day’s type
specimens (of P. stoliczke) from Leb.
In Day’s description of this latter species, however, the length
of the snout is said to be twice the distance between the eyes.
Schizopygopsis stewart, n. sp. (Pl. xxv, fig. 1.)
The length of the head bears to the length of the body (without
the caudal) the proportion of 1: 4. The head is flattened above,
the snout being conical and pointed, the point of the lower jaw
and the snout reach to the same level. ‘The diameter of the eye is
to the length of the head as1: 7; tothe length of the snout as
1: 2. The tength of the snout is slightly greater than the inter-
ocular distance.
The dorsal fin contains three spines and seven rays, the third
ray is deeply serrated and is about as long as the postocular part of
the head. ‘The first spine is situated nearer to the root of the tail
than to the end of the snout, the distances which separate these
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 343
points being in the proportion of 5: 6. By ‘‘root of the tail’’ is
meant the point where the lateral line ends against the caudal fin.
The anal fin contains three spines and six rays, and nearly
touches the caudal when laid flat.
The pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins very nearly of the same
length, which is slightly less than the postocular part of the head.
There are 110—120 scales in the lateral line. Behind the oper-
culum the scales are arranged in eight to ten rows, placed one above
the other; in each row there are two to four scales, they are irregu-
larly imbricated. The ‘‘tiled”’ row contains thirty to thirty-five
scales, on either side of the vent the diameter of these scales is 2
that of the eye in front, and behind the vent their diameter becomes
considerably less.
There are no barbels.
Pharyngeal teeth 4.3 | 3.4; the teeth of the outer row are longer
than those of the inner and are curved.
Colour.—Silvery with dark uniformly distributed small blotches
apparently under light control. Top of head dirty olive extend-
ing on to the cheek, dorsal and caudal fins dirty olive. Pelvic, ven-
tral and anal fins orange-red near the free margin.
An active predatory fish; a small fish of another species was
taken from the stomach of one of the specimens.
Schizothorax o’connort,n. sp. (Pl. xxv, fig. 3.)
Length of the head to the length of the body (without caudal)
bears the proportion I: 5.
The greatest depth of the body is a little more than the length
of the head. The diameter of the eye is 4 of the length of the
head. ‘The eye is nearer to the snout than to the posterior border
of the operculum, being separated by two diameters from the former
and three diameters from the latter.
The diameter of the eye is to the length of the interocular dis-
tance aS 2: 5.
The shape of the head is that of a bluntly pointed cone: be-
tween the eyes the head is nearly flat, but in the middle line a
raised crest of the frontal bone projects slightly. (This may only
be visible in the spirit specimen.)
The mouth is transverse and is only slightly curved. The
snout projects well beyond the level of the lower jaw. The posterior
barbel is in length about 2 of the diameter of the eye, the anterior
barbel being somewhat less than this.
The dorsal fin is situated behind the level of the ventrals, its
first spine is somewhat nearer to the root of the tail than to the
snout, the proportion of the distances which separate these points
being as 6: 7.
There are three spines and eight soft rays in the dorsal fin, the
third spine being equal to the length of the head without the snout.
In the character of this spine the two specimens differ considerably ;
in the larger specimen the serrations are distinct but small, and the
344 R. E. Lrovp: Aguatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II,
distal half of the spine is flexible, in the other the spine is much
stouter, the serrations are longer and only the distal third is flexible.
The anal fin contains three feeble spines and seven soft rays ;
when laid flat it does not quite reach to the caudal.
L.L. 105--110,—lL.tr. 25—1—25. The “‘ tiled row” contains
fifteen scales, each about ? of the diameter of the eve. Pharyngeal
teeth ten on either side, rows not regularly arranged.
Colour.—‘‘ Bluish above with steel-blue scales; sides yellow
orange; belly white; upper surface of head dirty olive; cheeks
golden.”
Oreinus batleyt, n. sp. (Pl. xxv, figs. 2, 2a.)
Length of head is to the length of the body (without caudal)
as I: 4. The head is scaleless, and conical in shape, the upper
profile slopes downwards, but the lower profile is almost in a line
with the ventral surface of the body. The diameter of the eye is
to the length of the head as I: 7.
The eye is to the snout in length as 2: 5.
The dorsal fin contains three spines and seven rays; the third
spine is stout and deeply serrated posteriorly; it is jointed and
flexible near the tip, and is as long as the postocular part of the head.
The first dorsal spine is much nearer the root of the tail than to the
snout. The distances which separate these points being in the pro-
portion of 3: 4. The anal fin contains three feeble spines and six
rays; when laid flat it does not quite touch the caudal.
The pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins are all very nearly of the
same length and are equal to the length of the head excluding the
snout.
The length of the caudal fin is equal to the greatest depth of
the body.
Both upper and lower lips are very thick and fleshy, so that
they appear as though covered by a mask.
The lower lip has a deep median notch which converts it into
a horse-shoe-shaped sucker.
' The maxillary barbel is as long as the lower lip, the rostral
barbel is somewhat shorter.
Pharyngeal teeth 5.3.2 | 5.3.2.
Lateral line contains about I00 scales. The ‘‘tiled’’ row of
scales contains about 23. The diameter of the largest of them is
about # of the diameter of the eye.
Colour.—“ Steel-blue, silvery, with a tinge of gold on the sides;
back of the head is dirty olive, a tinge of gold on operculum; dorsal
and caudal fin spotted with black ; also irregular black spots over
the body. ”’
1908.] Records of the Indian Museum. .. B45
DESCRIPTION OF THE TADPOLE OF. RANA
PLESKID, With: NOLES...ON. ALLIED
FORMS.
By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum.
The only species of Batrachian represented in Captain Stewart’s
collection is Rana pleskii, Gtinther, which has already been recorded
from the neighbourhood of Gyantse by Boulenger (Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (7), Xv, p. 378, 1905).
Rana pleski, Gunther,
R. Pleskii, Giinther, Ann. Mus. St. Petersb., 1896, p. 199.
Several adult specimens of various sizes, and tadpoles in various
stages from the neighbourhood of Gyantse.
Boulenger (of. cit.) records this species from an altitude of
15,000 feet, and Captain Stewart tells me that it is abundant all
about Gyantse, occurring even in small puddles of water and in
mountain streams. Like its allies R. vicina and R. hebigit it
appears to be mainly aquatic in its habits.
The fact that R. pleskiz breeds at an altitude of 13,000 feet or
over is interesting. There is a full-grown tadpole in Captain
Stewart’s collection which was taken in April at the height men-
tioned, and a very small frog taken in November at the same height.
There are also several smaller tadpoles, all of which are unusually
well preserved. The following description is drawn up from the
largest tadpole, which has the hind legs about Io mm. long but no
signs of the fore limbs :—
Tadpole of R. plesk, Gtinther—
Total length 72 mm.; length of tail 45 mm.; greatest breadth
of body 13 mm.; depth of body 9 mm.; greatest depth of tail
I2 mm.; of caudal muscles 8 mm. Head and body flat; eyes far
apart, dorsal; nostril dorsal, a little nearer the tip of the snout
than the eye; spiracle sinistral, pointing backwards and upwards ;
anus opening on the right side; caudal fin commencing well behind
the level of the base of the hind limbs, continued round the tail
to the anus, bluntly pointed at the tip. Lips moderately well dev-
eloped, both with a fringe, which is only interrupted for a short dis-
tance in the middle of the upper lip; both jaws serrated at the edge
and roughened on the external surface; the upper jaw bearing a
couple of long, narrow teeth at either end ; lower jaw crescentic,
1
undivided; dental formula <3. Colour slate-grey, indistinctly
oa
marbled on the tail and fading to white on the belly.
For the sake of comparison I give a description of a somewhat
similar tadpole which appears to be that of A. vicina, a frog found
346 N. ANNANDALE: Aquatic animals from Ttbet. [Vou. II, ’08.]
above 6,000 feet in the Himalayas and common in the Simla
district and in Kumaon. I have found this tadpole with the
adult of the species to which I assign it both in Kumaon and
in the Simla hills :—
Tadpole of Rana vicina, Stoliczka—
Total length (specimen without legs) 43 mm.; length of tail
30 mm.; greatest breadth of body 8 mm.; greatest depth of tail
8 mm.; of caudal muscles 5 mm. Head and body moderately flat ;
eyes far apart; nostrils nearer the eyes than the tip of the snout;
eyes and nostrils dorsal; spiracle sinistral, pointing upwards and
backwards ; vent opening on the right side; caudal fin commen-
cing in front of the base of the hind limbs, continued round the
tail to the anus, sharply pointed at the tip. Lips very large, con-
siderably larger than those of the tadpole of R. pleskiz, resembling
those of R. ebigii in extent; the lower lip fringed completely, the
upper lip only at the corners; both jaws serrated; upper jaw in
two parts, without enlarged teeth at the sides; dental formula
1
4+
— ; a minute, round papilla, bearing horny teeth, exists on
2
either side between the uppermost row and the first of the double
rows on the upper lip. Colour brownish, more or less distinctly
mottled and spotted, paler below.
The dental formula of the tadpole of R. liebigiz (Annandale,
3
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1906, p. 290) is ===; otherwise the larva
1+1
2
of this species is much like that of RK. vicina,
Oe Se ne ae ne se emt cere ae ee
Plate Ay:
Rec. Ind. Mus.,Vol.II, 1908.
‘ed
¥
|
- )
rc <0)
2 ;
=, rH
ne PS
et 6G
)
Philanthus (Trachypus) nepalensis, form nov.
@. Black with yellow markings. Head: a triangular mark
on the clypeus, a crescentic spot above it between the base of the
antennee, an oval spot above that, a spot on the front of the scape,
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 357
a broad stripe on the sides of the face along the lower half of the
inner orbits, and a large spot behind the eyes, yellow. Thorax: a
line on the pronotum, a spot on the tegule anteriorly, the tubercles,
a spot on the mesopleure in front, a transverse oval mark on
the scutellum, a similar smaller mark on the postscutellum, and a
spot on either side of the median segment at apex, yellow. Legs:
the apex of the femora and the tibie in front and the basal joints
of the tarsi of the anterior and intermediate legs, and the knees
and basal joints of the tarsi of the posterior legs yellow. Abdo-
men: a large oval spot edged anteriorly with dark red on either
side of the second segment at apical margin, and a waved line on the
apical margins of the third, fourth and fifth segments, with a trans-
verse medial spot on the apical margin of the sixth segment, yellow ;
ventrally there are short, yellow, lateral lines on the apical margins
of the second and third segments. Head, thorax, and base of first
abdominal segment densely punctured, granular; rest of the abdo-
men with a few very fine scattered punctures. Head broader than
the thorax; mandibles stout, longitudinally grooved ; clypeus and
face in front slightly convex ; antenne short, opaque; second joint
of flagellum four times as long as the third. Thorax oval ; mesono-
tum large, convex ; median segment rounded posteriorly, medially
furrowed from base, the furrow not reaching the apex ; legs slender,
the tibiz with a few minute spines ; wings clear hyaline; nervures
brown. Abdomen: the basal segment petiolate, long, about half
the length of the rest of the abdomen, convexly swollen at apex.
Léngth—o,11; exp. 20 mm.
Hab.—Nepal: Katmandu.
This form is nearest to P. punjabensis, Nurse, but can be dis-
tinguished as follows :—
(a) Head sparsely punctured ; clypeus
bisinuate ; first and second abdo-
minal segment with broad, oval,
lateral, yellow spots . P. punjabensis.
(b) Head eels punctured, Srantler
clypeus arched, not bisinuate
anteriorly ; only second segment
with broad, oval, lateral, yellow
spots ve aA .. P. nepalensts.
Cerceris pictiventris, Dahlbom.
Cerceris pictiventris, Dahlb., Hym. Eur., i, 1845, p. 498;
Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 305.
Var. Cerceris ferorus, Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), xii,
1873, p. 411.
Hab —Central India: Mhow.
Found throughout India, Assam, Ceylon, Burma and Tenas-
serim, extending as far as Java in the Malayan region. The speci-
men is var. feyorus, Smith.
358 C. T. BrncHam: Aculeate Hymenoptera. [Vou. ITI,
Cerceris tetradonta, Cameron.
Cerceris tetradonta, Cam., Mem. Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc. (4),
iii, 1890, pp. 250, 201,-pl.-10,. fig. 12; Bingh., Faun, Brit.. Ind:
Hym., i, 1897, p. 304.
Hab.—Purneah.
Originally described from Poona.
Cerceris hilaris, Smith.
Cerceris hilaris, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., iv, 1856, p. 452.
9°; Bingh,, Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., 1, 1807,:p. 311-
Hab.—Himalayas: Mussoorie.
Probably found throughout Continental India.
Cercerts vigtlans, Smith.
Cerceris vigilans, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., iv, 1856,
p. 454; Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 308.
Hab.—Calcutta.
Common.
Crabro annandali, form nov.
@. Black, a short streak anteriorly near apex of scape of
antenne, a transverse band on the pronotum, the tegule of the
wings anteriorly, the apices of all the femora, broad transverse
bands along the bases of abdominal segments 2 and 5,. and
small lateral spots at the bases of segments 3 and 4, red.
The band on the second abdominal segment posteriorly emarginate
in the middle, the lateral spots on the fourth segment very small.
Pubescence, erect, black on the head and thorax anteriorly, soft and
whitish on the median segment and base of the abdomen ; clypeus
covered with dense silvery short pile. Head large, quadrate,
broader than the thorax, very densely and minutely punctured,
opaque ; clypeus convex, transverse, shining, with a few scattered
punctures; eyes very broad anteriorly, suddenly and strongly
narrowed towards the vertex; seen from the front the inner orbits
are widely divergent towards the vertex ; antennze comparatively
short and robust; a deep fovea between the eyes above the base
of the antennz, which is continued as a shallow impressed line
almost to the anterior ocellus; ocelli in an equilateral triangle ;
vertex and the cheeks behind the eyes very broad, the former
almost flat. Thorax: pronotum transversely impressed in the
middle; deep transverse sulci between the mesonotum and
scutellum, between the scutellum and postscutellum, and between
the last and the median segment, which last sulcus is margined
anteriorly by a slender shining carina, the ends of which are
turned downwards; median segment convex, steeply sloped,
marked by a deep and comparatively broad medial furrow from
base to near apex, crossed about midway by a transverse narrower
furrow. The thorax anteriorly densely punctured like the head,
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum, 359
the median dull and opaque but with only scattered fine punctures.
Legs: stout, the posterior femora studded with two rows of short
thick spines. Wings: light brownish hyaline; nervures brown.
Abdomen minutely aciculate, dull and opaque except the basal
segment which is smooth and shining above.
Length.— 2 , 15; exp. 31 mm.
Hab.—Himalayas, 9,000 ft., north of Taunghi.
This very distinct form superficially resembles C. melanotarsis,
Cam., from the Khasi Hills, but in the latter the legs are more or
less red; there is only one transverse red stripe on the abdomen,
and that is on the third, not the second abdominal segment; and
the sculpture of the median segment is entirely different.
DIPLOPTERA.
Family EUMENIDA.
Odynerus ovalis, Saussure.
Odynerus ovalis, Sauss., Mon. Guép. Sol., 1852, p. 215; Bingh.,
Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 360.
Hab.—Ferozepore.
Throughout the plains of India.
Family VESPIDA.
Polybia stigma, Smith.
Polybhia stigma, Smith, Jour. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1858, p. 114;
Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 384.
Hab.--Burma: Rangoon.
A common form in Burma, extending to Borneo.
Polistes marginalis, Fabricius.
Vespa marginalis, Fabr., Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 367; Sauss., Mon.
Guép. Soc., 1853-1858, p. 62, pl. 6, fig. 2.
Hab.—Himalayas: Simla; Nepal: Katmandu.
A very widespread form. The Himalayan form or variety is
very dark.
Vespa flaviceps, Smith.
Vespa flaviceps, Smith, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., vii, 3, 1870,
p. 191, pl. 21, figs. 10 and 11; Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i,
1897, p. 406.
Hab.—Himalayas: Simla hills.
At low elevations in Sikhim, also found in the hills of Tenas-
serim,
Vespa auraria, Smith;
Vespa auraria, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1852, p. 46,
pl. 8, fig. 8, 9 ; Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 407.
360 C. T. BrincHam: Aculeate Hymenoptera. [Vou. II,
Hab.—Himalayas: Simla.
Found also in the hills of Tenasserim.
Vespa structoy, Smith.
Vespa structor, Smith, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., vii, 3, 1870,
p. 1or, pl. 21, fig. t2. Bingh,, Faun, Brit. Ind: Hym., 1,2 1307,
p. 404.
Hab.—Himalayas: Simla.
Extends also to the Sikhim Himalayas.
Family APIDZ.
Halictus albescens, Smith.
Halictus albescens, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., i, 1853,
p. 61; Bingh:; Faun. Brit. Ind. -Hym:.,\1,. 1897, p. 423:
Hab.—Calcutta; Rajmahal; Himalayas: Simla, Matiana;
Agra; Katmandu.
Widely distributed and variable.
Halictus subopacus, Smith.
Halictus subopacus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., i, 1853,
p. 63,2 ;-Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym.; 1, 1897, p. 428.
Hab,—Darjiling, Kurseong.
I took it in Upper Burma.
Halictus polyctor, form nov.
2. Black; the head, pronotum and median segment opaque;
the mesonotum, scutellum, postscutellum and the bases of the
abdominal segments highly polished and shining. Head, thorax
and abdomen with long, soft, white pubescence shorter and recum-
bent on the face in front and forming transverse narrow bands
that are more or less posteriorly emarginate at the bases of
abdominal segments 2 to 5. Head flat in front, closely
punctured ; clypeus slightly produced, truncate anteriorly ; eyes
with the inner orbits concavely arched and slightly convergent
anteriorly. Thorax short, sparsely punctured above; median
segment slightly compressed, truncate posteriorly, the enclosed
space at base somewhat coarsely punctured, rugose. Wings hyaline,
iridescent. Legs, slender, pubescent, on the posterior four legs
the pubescence long, the calcaria yellow. Abdomen as long as the
head and thorax united; segments 2 to 5 distinctly, finely, but
sparsely punctured, each strongly constricted at base. Anal
rima. ferruginous.
Length.— 2 , 6; exp. 13 mm.
Hab.—Himalayas : Theog near Simla, 8,000 ft.
A more slender and smaller insect than H. constrictus, Smith,
its nearest ally.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 361
Halictus deiphobus, form noy.
9. Black. Head, thorax, legs, and abdomen, laterally
and beneath with abundant, soft, erect, greyish or fuscous white
pubescence; abdomen with comparatively broad whitish pubes-
cent bands at the bases of segments 2 to 4; anal rima
black. Head, thorax, and abdomen very minutely and densely
punctured but not opaque, slightly shining; on the apex of the
clypeus the punctures are larger and more scattered. Head about
as wide as the thorax; clypeus broader than long, abruptly trun-
cate anteriorly; antennz short, opaque, bare; third, fourth,
and fifth joints of the flagellum subequal, second joint twice
the length of either of them; face flat; vertex arched; eyes
wide apart, their inner orbits parallel; ocelli large and prominent,
placed in a curve. Thorax short; mesonotum strongly convex,
with a short impressed line above each tegula; median segment
very short, evenly rounded posteriorly and vertical, the enclosed
space at base very large, reticulate, punctate; legs very stout,
the femora and tibize more thickly pubescent than the thorax, the
intermediate and posterior calcaria ferruginous ; wings hyaline, the
nervures and stigma light brown. Abdomen as long as or a little
longer than the head and thorax united, segments I to 4 with
a medial transverse impression more or less obsolete in the middle
but well marked on the sides.
Length.— 2 , 8-9; exp. 14-16 mm.
Hab.—Himalayas: Simla hills, Matiana, 8,000 ft.
Differs from H. vishnu, Cam., in the abdominal segments being
closely punctured right up to the margin, which is glabrous in
vishnu, and from H. buddha, Cam., in the margins of the abdominal
segments not being constricted, and in the head and thorax,
though closely punctured, not being opaque. It differs also in the
colour of the legs. H. vishnu and H. buddha were described from
males, and it is quite possible that one of them may be the @ of
the present form.
Halictus lucidipennis, Smith.
Halictus lucidipennis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., i, 1853,
p.-62, 9 ; Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i; 1897, p. 435.
Hab.—Kumaon: Bhim Tal; Simla hills: Theog.
Halictus senescens, Smith.
Halictus senescens, Smith, New Sp. Hym. Brit. Mus., 1879,
p. 30; Bingh-, Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 438.
Hab.—-Mussoorie hills : Landour.
Generally distributed in India and Burma.
Halictus parts, form nov.
@. Black, more or less shining. Head, thorax, legs, and the
abdomen laterally and beneath clothed with short, erect, pale
yellow pubescence, the abdomen probably in fresh specimens
362 C. T. BrncHam: Aculeate Hymenoptera. [Vou,. II,
with transverse bands of similar but shorter and recumbent pubes-
cence on the apical margins of segments I to 4 (in the type and
only specimen available, these bands are more or less abraded);
anal rima black, apex of abdomen with jferruginous pubescence.
Head, thorax and abdomen minutely punctured, the punctures
dense. on the. front of the head andthe vertex, and on the
thorax, above and on the sides, more scattered on the clypeus
anteriorly and on the abdomen above. Head broader than the
thorax, lenticular, posteriorly widely emarginate ; clypeus convex,
broader than long, its anterior margin transverse; antenne short,
stout, opaque, second joint of flagellum shorter than the third;
ocelli in a curve just below the vertex; vertex arched. Thorax
short; mesonotum convex; scutellum broad, wedge-shaped, trun-
cate posteriorly ; postscutellum sunk, densely pubescent; median
segment compressed, vertical posteriorly, the enclosed space at
base finely and very densely punctured, separated from the
postscutellum by a sharp, curved, shining carina; legs stout,
black beneath, rufous above on the femora, tibiae and tarsi;
wings hyaline; nervures and stigma pale browv. Abdomen
shining, the margins of the segments where the pubescence is |
abraded, rufo-testaceous.
Length— 9 , 8; exp. 17 mm.
Hab.--Himalayas: Simla hills, Theog, 8,000 ft.
A race or representative form of the European H. calceatus,
Scopoli, from which it differs in being much narrower in shape
and somewhat smaller. The enclosed space at the base of the
median segment in the European form is much more coarsely
punctured, and has the sides of that segment rugulose and not
smooth and shining.
Anthrena floridula, Smith.
Andrena floridula, Smith, Second Yarkand Mission, Hym.,
p. 2, fig. 4of plate; Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 444.
Hab.—Himalayas: Simla hills, Phagu, Theog, 8,000 ft.
Anthrena moris, Brulleé.
Andrena moris, Brullé, Exped. Sc. Morea, Zool., ii, 1832,
p- 353, pl. 49, figs. 8, 9.
Var. Andrena lugubris, Erichs., M. Wagner, Reise in Algeria,
ili, 1840, p. 191, 2 o.
Hab.—Himalayas: Simla hills, Matiana, 8,000 ft.
A solitary specimen quite indistinguishable from specimens
from Northern Africa.
Anthrena brunnerpennis, form nov.
2. Black, densely pubescent. The pubescence pale yellow on
the head, the front and sides of the thorax, and on the abdomen,
very long, tufted and hoary on the thorax posteriorly and on the
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 363
median segment, and short, very dense and rich ferruginous on
the tibie and tarsi, and on the apical two abdominal segments.
Wings hyaline, basally stained or clouded with brown, this colour
reaching up to the apices of the radial cubital and discoidal cells;
the last joint of the tarsi of the anterior and intermediate and the
whole of the tarsi of the posterior legs rufo-ferruginous. Head
about as broad as the thorax, the mandibles large, acute; clypeus
large, convex, punctured, and with a medial, ill-defined, vertical
carina, anteriorly transversely truncate. Thorax massive, finely
punctured underneath the pubescence ; median segment rounded
posteriorly, with a not very steep slope to the apex. Abdomen
somewhat depressed, long, not so densely pubescent as the thorax,
the pubescence hoary and arranged more or less in transverse
bands as fringes at the apical margins of the segments ; the surface
beneath the pubescence, where it is sparse, lightly and sparsely
punctured and more or less shining.
Length.— 2 , 15-16; exp. 28-31 mm.
Hab.— Himalayas: Simla hills, Matiana, 8,000 ft.
Nearest to probably a race of the European A. nigroenea,
Kirby, but larger ; the colour of the pubescence and of the wings
different.
Anthrena burkelli, form nov.
g. Black, the second and succeeding joints of the flagellum
of the antenne, and the apical four joints of all the tarsi, red. Head
and thorax more or less densely, abdomen very sparsely, pubescent.
The pubescence round the base of the antenne and on the frout
rich dark brown, in striking contrast to that on the sides of the
face and clypeus and on the back of the head, which is hoary,
as is that on the thorax, the median segment and abdomen;
pubescence on the legs shorter, denser, and ferruginous. Head,
thorax, and median segment very finely and sparsely punctured,
enclosed space at the base of the median segment more densely
and coarsely punctured. Abdomen very minutely, densely punc-
tured, opaque; apical margins of segments 1 to 4 smooth,
pale yellowish, testaceous, that colour preceded by an obscure,
transverse, narrow red band. Head as wide as the thorax;
mandibles stout, polished, smooth, and shining; clypeus nearly
circular, very convex, medially vertically carinate, and strongly,
though not very closely, punctured; antenne stout, rugulose,
second joint of the flagellum as long as the succeeding three joints
united. Thorax rather long; mesonotum convex; median seg-
ment rounded, somewhat oblique at the sides, its posterior
face steeply sloped, truncate, and slightly concave; legs robust ;
wings hyaline; nervures and tegule testaceous. Abdomen oval,
about as long as the thorax and head united.
Length— 2, 12; exp. 23 mm.
Hab.—Himalayas: Simla hills, Matiana, 8,000 ft.
A very distinct form not closely allied to or resembling any
form known to me.
364 C. T. BincHam: Aculeate Hymenoptera. [Vou. II,
Anthrena mollis, Smith.
Anthrena mollis, Smith, Desc. New Spec. Hym. Brit. Mus.,
1879, p. 50; Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 446.
Hab. Jhansi.
A very variable and generally distributed form.
Anthvena sodalis, Cameron.
Anthrena sodalis, Cam., Mem. Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc., xli
1897, p. 121.
Hab.-—Calcutta fe ), Darjiling.
Described originally from Mussoorie.
J
Anthrena gracillima, Cameron.
Andrena gracillima, Cam., Mem. Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc.,
xli, 1897, p.-118, pl. -4, fig. 19; Bingh., Haun. Brit. Ind. Hiymoa-
1897, P- 444.
Hab.—Darjiling, Calcutta (?).
Described originally from Mussoorie.
Anthrena mephistophelica, Cameron.
Andrena mephistophelica, Cam., Mem. Manch. Lit. and Phil.
Soc., xii; p. 117; Bineh.; Faun, Brit: Ind. Hym:;i“1607, p. 443"
Hab.—Mussoorie.
Probably spread throughout the Himalayas above 6,000 feet.
Nomia elhiotit, Smith.
Nomia elliott, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 44;
Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 449.
Hab.—Calcutta.
The plains of India generally ; Burma; Tenasserim.
Noma westwoodi, Gribodo.
Nomia westwood, Grib., Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., 1894, p. 128;
Bingh.; Faun. Brit, Ind.-Hym., 1; 1697, p. 440-
Hab.—Calcutta.
Nomia punctulata, Dalla Torre.
Noma punctata, Westwood (nec Smith), Trans. Ent. Soc,
Lond:,. 1075. Pp; 2i3, ace
Nomia punctulata, Dal. Torre, Cat. Hym. (Apidee), x, 1896,
p. 169.
Hab.—Calcutta.
Not recorded before from India. Originally described from
China.
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 365
Nomia clypeata, Smith.
Noma clypeata, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 54,
pl. 2, fig. 18; Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 456.
Hab.—Lucknow.
Nomia florals, Smith,
Noma floralis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 58;
Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 453.
Hab,—Calcutta.
Found also in Burma. A very variable form as to the amount
of red on the abdomen.
Osmia ade, Bingham.
Osma ade, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 468.
Hab.—Himalayas: Simla, Phagu.
Megachile lanata, Fabricius.
Apis lanata, Fabr., Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 385.
Megachile lanata, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897,
p. 483.
Hab.—Cawnpotre.
Spread throughout India.
Megachile umbripennis, Smith.
Megachile umbripennis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., i, 1853,
p. 175; Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 483.
Hab.—Calcutta.
Found also in Tenasserim.
Megachile albifrons, Smith.
Megachile albifrons, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., i, 1853,
p. 180; Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 487.
Hab.—Agra.
Probably spread throughout the plains of India.
Megachile nana, Bingham.
Megachile nana, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym.,i, 1897, p. 487.
Hab.—Agra, Ferozepore.
I procured it in Tenasserim in the dry Dipterocarpus scrub on
more or less bare rocky hills.
Ceratina hieroglyphica, Smith.
Ceratina hieroglyphica, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., ii, 1854,
p. 226; Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 503, pl. 4, fig. 3.
Hab.—Mussootie.
Very widely spread.
366 C. T. BrincHam: Aculeate Hymenoptera. [Vou If;
Ceratina bhawani, form nov.
@. Black and shining, the bases of the mandibles, a large
quadrate spot on the labrum, an irregular, very broad, | shaped
mark on the clypeus, an oblong mark on either side of the face
along the middle of the inner orbits, a transverse line on the pro-
notum, the tubercles, and the calcaria of all the tibiz of the legs
vellowish white; very narrow transverse bands along the junctions
of the first and second, second and third, and third and fourth
abdominal segments dull castaneous. Head, smooth and _pol-
ished; thorax, with the exception of the postscutellum, very
sparsely and finely punctured; postscutellum and abdomen quite
as finely but much more closely punctate; the enclosed space at
base of the median segment very minutely but very densely punc-
tured and rugulose. Head broader than the thorax, with the
hollows round the bases of the antenneze and on the face above
characteristic of Cevatina; antennee short, stout; second, third,
and fourth joints of the flagellum subequal. ‘Thorax short, with
medial and sublateral, short, longitudinally impressed lines ;
median segment compressed, rounded, and vertical posteriorly.
Legs stout. Wings ample, hyaline; nervures and stigma very
dark brown; tegulz testaceous. Abdomen long, massive, longer
than head and thorax united.
Length— 2 , 8; exp. 17 mm.
Hab,—Himalayas : Simla hills, Theog 8,000 feet.
Allodape parvula, Smith.
Allodape parvula, Smith, New Spec. Hym. Brit. Mus., 1879,
p. 98 ; Bingh:, Faun. Brit. Ind, Hym., 1, 1697, -p.507.
Hab.—Jubbulpore.
Hertades parvula, Bingham.
Heriades parvula, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897,
p. 508.
Hab.—Mhow.
I procured it in Burma.
Habropoda magretti, Bingham.
Habropoda magretti, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897,
P. 523.
Hab.—Ferozepore.
Habropoda krishna, form nov.
@. Black. Head, thorax, andabdomen densely covered with
long, pale brownish yellow pubescence turning to ferruginous golden
on the posterior segments of the abdomen, and mixed through-
out with a sprinkling of black hairs, the surface beneath more or
less closely and finely punctured. Head: mandibles white; apical
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 367
third rich castaneous; base black; clypeus white; apical margin
narrowly castaneous; sutures at the sides and above narrowly black.
Thorax: the wings hyaline; nervures and tegule testaceous Legs:
apical joints of the tarsi rufo-testaceous; claws black. Head as
wide as the thorax; the vertex broad, depressed; antennz com-
paratively long, second joint of the flagellum attenate at base, cla-
vate at apex, as long as the succeeding three joints; ocelli in
equilateral triangle, the distance between the anterior and either
of the posterior ocelli greater than either of the posterior ocelli
and the eye next to it; eyes large, prominent, their inner orbits
parallel. Thorax globose; mesonotum convex, scutellum and
postscutellum slightly raised, median segment short, vertical at
the sides and to the apex. Abdomen subcordate, short, very
convex above.
In some specimens not so densely pubescent as others, the
pubescence forms distinct transverse bands on the apical margins
of the segments beneath which the surface is rufo-testaceous.
Female unknown.
Length.— & , 12-13; exp. 24-27 mm.
Hab.—Sikhim: Darjiling, 7,000 ft.
Nearest to H. radoszkowskit, but differs in sculpture and in
colour of pubescence.
Podalirius quadrifasciatus, Villers.
Apis quadrifasciata, Villers, Linn. Ent., iti, 1789, p. 319.
Anthophora quadrifasciata, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i,
1897, Pp. 529.
Hab.—No locality on label.
Podalirvius pulcherrimus, Bingham.
Anthophora pulcherrima, Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i,
1897, p. 532.
Hab.—Simla, Matiana, above 7,000 ft.
Bombus hemorrhoidalis, Smith.
Bombus hemorrhoidalis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1852,
p. 43; Bingh., Fatin. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 554.
Hab.—Himalayas: Simla; Subathu; Dhurrumpur, 5,000 ft.
Originally described from China.
Bombus tunicatus, Smith.
Bombus tunicatus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1852, p. 43,
ply 8, fig. 7; Bineh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym. /1,-1807, p--549:
Hab.—Himalayas: Simla hills, Theog, Matiana, Phagu,
8,000 ft.
Originally described from China.
368 C. T. BincHAam: Aculeate Hymenoptera. [Vov. II, 1908.]
Bombus flavescens, Smith.
Bombus flavescens, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1852,
p. 45; Bingh., Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 550.
Hab.—Himalayas : Taunghi, 9,000 ft.
de
OO eet et
XXXVI “tae FAUNA OF BRACKISH
PONDS AT PORYT-CANNING;
Oy Ee Re Ber NGL,
PART XII.—DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF POLYCH4TE
WorM OF THE GENUS Shio.
By A. WiutEy, D.Sc., F.R.S., Director, Colombo Museum.
Spio bengalensis, sp. nov.
Amongst the invertebrate animals collzcted in I907 by Dr.
Nelson Annandale from brackish ponds at Port Canning in Lower
Bengal, there were some small tubicolous Polychete worms which
he sent to me for description. Although clearly belonging to the
family Spionide, there appeared, under ordinary inspection, to
be no trace of the long occipital (peristomial) tentacles which are
characteristic of this family, nor were they seen in the living worms.
But after repeated examination under strong reflected sunlight
I have found what I take to be the bases or scars of the lost ten-
tacles. In its general characters the species otherwise resembles
the Spio filicornis described and figured by Malmgren (Annulata
Polychaeta, 1867, p. 92, pl. 1, fig. 1) except that the branchie or
branchial cirri, instead of occurring on all setigerous segments, are
confined to the anterior region of the body, this being the distinc-
tive character of the species.
ri | “dj
ie t
\. .
FIG. 1. FIG. 2.
Fic. 1.—Head of Spiro bengalensis : p.= proboscis; #.= tentacular basis.
», 2—Anterior end of Spto bengalensis in side view.
The material includes at least two mature females ; the ovaries
commence in the posterior branchial region and may be followed
segmentally on each side of the gut to the hinder region of the
body. The size is small, 12 to 13 millimetres in length, with about
70 segments.
The four small eyes are placed as shown in fig. 1 when the
proboscis is protruded, but the ocular area becomes narrower
when the proboscis is withdrawn. The prostomium is slightly
emarginate in front ; behind the eyes it narrows down to a pointed
390 A. WinLEy: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vot,. II, 1908.]
extremity ending on the first setigerous segment. At the sides
of the head close behind the ocular area occurs a pair of structures
which I identify as the scars of the occipital tentacles ; these are
followed by the small setigerous notopodia of the first setigerous
segment (figs. r and 2). The branchize commence on the second
setigerous segment and occur on twelve to fourteen segments only,
the last two or three smaller than the preceding ; they are distinct
to their bases, not joined to the notopodial lamelle (fig. 3).
Behind the branchial region the parapodial prominences become
very inconspicuous.
In the anterior segments capillary setee occur in both fascicles,
and the dorsal sete remain capillary throughout, becoming very
slender towards the posterior region of the body. Simple hooked
setee (seteze infimee ventrales) appear singly in each neuropodium
trom about the 12th somite (fig. 4); they appear to be rather
=
TG ete
BIG? 3;
Fic. 6.
FIG. 3.—Fourth ae bearing parapodium from hinder aspect. The neuro-
podial ligule was concealed in the preparation ; compare fig. 2.
»5 4-—Ventral hooked seta from 12th foot.
», §5—Guarded uncinate seta or crochet from the 28th foot ; sketched from
a preparation 7x toto.
», 6—Pygidium in side view.
less curved in the hinder region. Guarded crochets (fig. 5) were
observed from about the 28th segment; apart from the single
inferior ventral seta mentioned above, they are the only setz pres-
ent in the neuropodia of the posterior segments, 6 or 7 appearing
in each appendage.
The pygidium (fig. 6), as observed in one specimen, is simple
with a ventral cone and a pair of low dorsal elevations.
The first small notopodium is Prk to see in side view and is
indicated by a dotted line in fig. 2
MiXX Vil. - DESCRIPTION (OF A NEW. SPE-
CLE Se SOs sae Wana S fee MCA P AU Re Di OE
ro a. CER VEN eC Om oa Noe Lt B. G'O'y. BR IN:
MENT OF BENGAL’ S STREAM -TRAWLER
GOUDEN ‘CROW N:”
By B. L,. Caaupnuri, B.A., D.Sc:
Pristis annandalet, sp. nov.
Length of the rostrum in the total length 4°8, height of
body 10°84, greatest breadth 6 in the total length. Breadth of
rostrum at tip in the breadth of rostrum at base 1°75. The ros-
trum is armed with about 25 pairs of teeth, the left side having
one more tooth than the right. The two anterior pairs and the
two posterior ones are opposite to one another, the rest of the
pairs do not lie opposite. Interspaces between teeth vary greatly,
the diameter of the sockets of the teeth being contained in the in-
terspaces differently, from 4 to I: teeth are mostly unequal and
uneven. Mouth transverse, with a membranous valve or fold
hanging from the upper edge of the upper jaw behind the teeth,
Pyistis annandalet, sp. nov.
with two round lobes at two ends. Spiracles large and oblique,
posterior to the eyes, the diameter of the eye being contained 4°6
times in the distance between the eye and the spiracle which is 2°1
diameters of the eye in length. Fins: first dorsal is neither en-
tirely behind the ventral nor opposite to it, but commences
slightly posterior to the anterior side of the ventral fin; second
dorsal smaller than the first, not reaching the caudal ; the distance
between the second dorsal and the caudal contained 2°75 times in
the distance between the two dorsals. The caudal has a distinct
lower lobe, which is decidedly round. The keel is very imperfectly
developed on the posterior part of the tail. Pectorals triangular,
the distal angle almost a right angle.
392 B. L. CHAUDHURI: A new Saw-Fish. [Vo1,. II, 1908.]
Colour.—_Head and upper part of the body ash-grey, gradu-
ally passing into light blue and then to light yellow on the sides,
edged with a reddish line from snout to pectoral fins; eyes gold;
body of the dorsal and caudal fins yellowish to light red; the
claspers red. :
One o caught near Elephant Point, Burma Coast, in July
1908, measuring 8 feet 7 inches without the rostrum.
It differs from Pyristis zysvon, which it resembles in some
respects, in the following points :—
(1) It possesses an unequal number of teeth on the two
sides of the saw, whereas P. zysvon has the same
number on each side ;
(2) the first dorsal in P. zysvon is almost entirely behind the
ventral, whereas in the new species it is almost above
the ventral ;
(3) in P. zysvon the second dorsal is larger than the first, in
the new species it is smaller ;
(4) in P. zysron the second dorsal is situated near the root
of the caudal, to which its posterior lobe almost
reaches, but in the new species there is a consider-
able space between ;
(5) in P. zysrvon the caudal is without a lower lobe, but in
the new species it has a distinct lower lobe, which is
rounded ;
(6) the pectorals in P. zysvon are rounded distally, whereas
in the new species they are triangular.
I have compared the type of the new species with specimens
of all the known Oriental species.
a ee ee ee
XMM VELI A NEW STING. RAY . OF: TH
GEN Wes 2K Y GOWN: RO MS “ft FE BAY ~ OLE
BENGAL.
By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum.
Among the Selachians recently captured by the Bengal Govern-
ment’s trawler ‘‘ Golden Crown ’’ is a large specimen of a species
of Sting Ray which does not appear to have been as yet described.
It may be defined as follows :—
Trygon microps, sp. nov.
Size large. Colour white ; the dorsal surface of the disk suff-
used with rose-pink, without definite markings; tail grey above,
becoming darker distally. Disk rhombic, wider than long by
more than one quarter of the width; the pectoral angles rather
greater than right angles. Smout rounded as a whole, but with a
small terminal projection. Eyes very small, dark in colour, little
prominent ; spiracles large, without dorsal flaps, their area more
than eight times that of the eyes ; distance from eyes to tip of
snout more than twice as great as that from eye to eye. Tail
without cutaneous fins, longer than disk, consisting of a broad,
flat proximal part about half as long as the disk, and a slender,
cylindrical distal part probably longer in unmutilated specimens,
a single massive spine borne at the junction of the two parts; a
very low ridge on the ventral surface of the distal part. Skin
soft and delicate, without enlarged tubercles on the disk, bearing
numerous minute, spiny denticles, which become rather larger on
the tip of the snout end the region surrounding the eyes and spira-
cles ; proximal part of the tail armed with much larger spiny
denticles, which are largest on the sides and only bear very short
spines on the ventral surface; distal part densely clothed with
denticles similar to but smaller than those on the sides of the proxi-
mal part. Mouth large; upper jaw undulating slightly, lower
jaw practically without undulation; a ser ated cutaneous flap
hanging down from the roof of the mouth ; five short finger-like
processes on the floor of the mouth, three in the centre and one
at either side.
Measurements of the type specimen (@ ).
Length of disk .. wand fee inches. (137 cin.)
Breadth of disk .. se Ok vO + an, LOSE ee 4)
Length of tail (? mutilated) 6 ,, 5 ,, (192,, )
304 N. ANNANDALE: A new Sting Ray. [Vor II, 1908.]
Habitat.—Coast of Chittagong, head of the Bay of Bengal ;
shallow water (17 fathoms). Captured at the end of August, 1908.
Only one specimen has as yet been taken. It represents a
form very distinct from any hitherto fully described, but may be
identical with Blyth’s Tvygon atrocissitmus, a species described from
pieces of a tail and therefore impossible to recognize, especially as
the ‘‘ type’’ appears to have perished. Although the specimen
of 1. microps was taken in shallow water, its pale colour, small
eyes and delicate skin would suggest that it is really a deep-sea
form. |
Plate XX VII
ude.
i
1L6010Y | )
* 4
LOU
‘ds ‘SqOHOIK NODAL
A
io
XXX IX Ne WaeM ECR O42 EPIL DOP TERA
PROM LNDIrA CAND BURMA.
By EK. Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S.
The following descriptions are from specimens taken by Dr.
N. Annandale, and the types are in the collection of the Indian
Museum.
CERACID AS,
Cerace, Walk.
I have formerly treated this genus as belonging to the Plutel-
lide, but I now recognise that its neuration is essentially Tortricid
in character, and that the smooth head cannot outweigh this. I
propose, therefore, to constitute the Ceracid@ as a distinct family,
agreeing with typical Tortricide in neuration and other important
points, but differing from them by the smooth head.
Cerace mesoclasta, sp. nov.
?. 41 mm. Head white, collar purple-blackish edged with
white. Palpi white, with a grey streak along upper edge of second
joint except at apex, terminal joint grey. Antenne dark grey
ringed with white. Thorax dark purple-fuscous, with five white
spots, patagia edged with white. Abdomen blackish, segmental
margins light ochreous-yellow, apex orange. Fore wings elongate,
narrow, rather dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, apex very
obtuse, termen rounded so as to project rather beyond apex;
dark purple-fuscous, covered with rows of numerous small whitish
spots between veins, towards costa united into transverse strigze
which become larger towards base; in the middle of disc these
spots coalesce into a longitudinal streak ; an elongate orange spot
on termen, extending from vein 2 to 6; cilia dark fuscous (imper-
fect). Hind wings whitish; a fuscous blotch suffusedly spotted
with dark fuscous occupying apical fourth of wing ; a row of dark
fuscous spots along costa; about three rows of dark fuscous spots
extending over dorsal area of wing from base to apical blotch,
smaller towards base; cilia white, round apical blotch mostly
dark fuscous.
Kurseong, E. Himalayas, at 5,000 feet, in May; one spect-
men. Nearest C. stipatana, but easily known by the discal white
streak, less extensive orange patch, spotted dorsal area of hind
wings, and blackish-banded abdomen. In the specimen described
veins 6 and 7 are short-stalked in one fore wing by an abnor-
mality, the other wing being quite normal.
396 E. Meyrick : New Micro-lepidoptera. [Vor.auk:
GELECHIAD A}.
Ochmastis, gen. nov.
Head smooth-scaled ; ocelli absent; tongue developed. An-
tenne 4, in o simple, basal joint elongate, without pecten. Labial
palpi long, recurved, second joint rather short, with moderate
projecting tuft of rough hairs towards apex beneath, terminal
joint nearly twice as long as second, slender, acute. Maxillary
palpi very short, filiform, drooping. Posterior tibie clothed with
long hairs above. Fore wings with vein 16 furcate, 2 from near +,
3 and 4 approximated from angle, 5 parallel, 6 absent, 7 and 8
stalked, 7 to apex, 11 from middle. Hind wings 1, elongate-trape-
zoidal, termen scarcely sinuate, cilia over I; 2 widely remote, 3-5
rather approximated at base, 6 and 7 long-stalked. ,
Belongs to the group of Ypsolophus, in which it is charac-
terised by the neuration,
Ochmastis chionacma, sp. nov.
@. 16 mm. Head and thorax white sprinkled with dark
fuscous. Palpi white, second joint blackish except towards apex,
terminal joint sprinkled with grey ; with three undefined blackish
rings. Antenne blackish ringed with white. Abdomen grey, anal
tuft ochreous-yellowish. Fore wings elongate, narrow, costa gently
arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded ; white, irre-
gularly sprinkled with dark fuscous ; two small dark fuscous spots
near base above and below middle, upper marked with black; an
irregular quadrate dark fuscous patch on dorsum before middle,
reaching # across wing, enclosing an elongate pale yellow-ochreous
blotch of somewhat raised scales dilated posteriorly and edged
above with a few black scales; three subconfluent dark fuscous
blotches forming an irregular streak from middle of disc to 3 of
costa, crossed by an interrupted thick black streak in disc from
before middle to #, and two or three short black streaks on veins
beyond this; an elongate black mark on costa before middle ;
apical area forming a roundish clear white spot, edged by a margi-
nal black line: cilia white, on costa with three black wedge-
shaped spots, round apex with three dark fuscous bars towards
tornus suffused with fuscous and sprinkled on basal half with dark
fuscous. Hind wings grey, thinly scaled towards base; cilia pale
grey towards base, ochreous-tinged.
Dawna Hills (2—3,000 feet), Lower Burma, in March; one
specimen.
ELACHISTID AR.
Stathmopoda placida, sp. nov.
@. 1I0-Ir mm. Crown whitish-ochreous irrorated with fus-
cous, face pearly white. Palpi whitish-ochreous, in front white.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 397
Antenne whitish-ochreous, tips dark grey above. ‘Thorax whitish-
ochreous irrorated with blackish, posterior extremity white. Ab-
domen grey, beneath white. Fore wings sublanceolate, broadest
near base, thence narrowed to acute apex; rather dark fuscous,
with slight purplish tinge ; two broad white fasciee, first very broad
dorsally, where it covers basal third of wing, much narrowed to-
wards costa at beyond +, margins straight, enclosed basal area of
costa ochreous-whitish irrorated with black; second fascia at 2,
rather narrowed towards costa, anterior edge straight, posterior
convex, oblique: cilia fuscous. Hind wings and cilia grey.
Rangoon, in February ; two specimens. I note here that the
genus Placostola, Meyr., founded on a species allied to the above,
cannot be maintained as distinct from Stathmopoda.
Stathmopoda calyptvea, sp. nov.
@. Io mm. Head shining white. Palpi white, terminal joint
externally with a dark fuscous line. Antenne whitish. ‘Thorax
white, on back with a curved dark fuscous transverse line near
anterior margin. Abdomen yellowish-fuscous, beneath and at
sides white. Fore wings very narrow, widest near base, thence
narrowed to acute apex ; dark fuscous ; a white basal patch occu-
pying 2 of wing, its outer edge inwardly oblique from costa ;
some undefined whitish suffusion about 2 and before apex: cilia
fuscous. Hind wings and cilia fuscous.
Dawna Hills (2—3,000 feet), Lower Burma, in March; one
specimen.
Promalactis nebrias, sp. nov.
2. 9 mm. Head glossy ochreous-whitish, sides of crown
sprinkled with grey. Palpi whitish, second joint yellowish-tinged
and transversely striated with dark fuscous, terminal joint with
a longitudinal line of dark fuscous irroration on each side. An-
tennee white ringed with blackish. Thorax light ochreous-yellow-
ish, shoulders black. Abdomen grey. Fore wings lanceolate,
apex: acute; light ochreous-yellowish, tinged with deeper yellow
in disc posteriorly ; a fine white line edged with black irroration
beneath from middle of base to + of dorsum ; two fine white acutely
angulated transverse lines at 4 and 4, edged with black irroration,
each preceded on costa by an oblique wedge-shaped fuscous blotch
irrorated with black, second followed on costa by a larger trian-
gular similar blotch extending to +; from angle of first a fine white
line edged with some black scales proceeds to tornus ; an irregu-
lar streak of blackish irroration along termen from tornus to apex,
marked with small white spots in middle and at apex: cilia pale
yellowish, towards base with some blackish specks. Hind wings
grey ; cilia pale grey.
Dawna Hills (2—3,000 feet), Lower Burma, in March; one
specimen.
398 E. Meyrick: New Muicro-lepidoptera. [Vora
GRACILARIADAS.
Acrocercops cyclopa, sp. nov.
a7 @. 6mm. Headand thorax shining ochreous-white. Palpi °
slender, white. Abdomen whitish. Legs white spotted with grey.
Fore wings very narrowly elongate-lanceolate, acute; white; a
slender light fuscous streak along basal third of costa; three light
fuscous oblique fascize, first in middle, slender ; second at 2, some-
what broader ; third very slender, separated by a fine line from a
conspicuous roundish deep black apical spot: cilia whitish-fuscous,
round apex white with two light fuscous shades. Hind wings
grey ; cilia whitish-grey.
Calcutta, in August ; two specimens. Nearest to A. sauropis,
Meyr.
Acrocercops thraustica, sp. nov.
2. gmm. Head loosely haired, white, crown ochreous-tinged.
Palpi white, second joint grey towards base, with short rough
apical tuft beneath. Antenne grey. Thorax white, sides grey.
Abdomen grey, beneath white with lateral series of oblique black-
ish stripes. Legs white, obliquely striped with blackish. Fore
wings very narrowly elongate, short-pointed ; light fuscous ; costa
whitish-suffused on median third; a blackish longitudinal streak
in disc from } to beyond middle, edged above with fuscous-whitish ;
an elongate white dorsal patch from base to beyond 4 of wing,
edged with blackish above, and containing a series of four black-
ish dots; a white sub-dorsal streak from beyond this to beyond
middle, rather oblique upwards, edged with blackish above and
beneath ; beyond apex of this is a blackish patch composed of
three confluent oblique streaks, beneath which is a white dorsal
dash, and followed by a very oblique white streak extending to $
of disc, where it meets a very oblique black streak from middle of
costa, whitish-edged above ; a white elongate mark above tornus ;
a fine curved whitish line from # of costa to termen above tornus ;
apical area beyond this ochreous-whitish finely and irregularly
striated with black, with a black apical dot: cilia white, with
basal and posterior black lines, and two black apical hooks, towards
tornus greyish-tinged. Hind wings and cilia grey.
Calcutta, in July, at light; two specimens.
PLUTELLIDA,
Alteva sctodoxa, sp. nov.
7%. 23-28 mm. Head whitish, collar orange edged with
white. Palpi white, terminal joint dark grey mixed with white.
Antenne grey. ‘Thorax ochreous-orange, with a white spot on
patagia, and two behind middle of back. Abdomen ochreous-
orange. Posterior legs in o& thin, weak, tibize clothed with long
whitish hairs, tarsi twisted. Fore wings elongate, narrow at base,
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 399
considerably dilated posteriorly, costa towards apex gently arched,
apex rounded-obtuse, termen little oblique, slightly rounded ;
ochreous-orange, slightly violet-tinged ; about 18—24 white spots,
viz., three large transverse ones and two or three small on dorsum,
three more or less large rounded ones and two or three small in
disc, one rather large transverse on termen above tornus, and the
rest small, rounded, scattered along costa and towards apex:
cilia whitish, base ochreous-orange. Hind wings grey, thinly scaled
and sub-hyaline towards base; cilia whitish, base grey.
One specimen at base of Dawna Hills, Lower Burma, in March ;
and I possess three others from the island of Penang, and Labuan,
Borneo.
TINEID.
Tischeria ptarmica, sp. nov.
7 @. 4-5 mm. Head, palpi, and antenne light greyish-
ochreous. ‘Thorax greyish-ochreous sprinkled with fuscous. Abdo-
men grey, apex greyish-ochreous. Fore wings lanceolate ; 6 present ;
light greyish-ochreous irrorated with fuscous, with some scattered
dark fuscous scales, on dorsal half more or less yellowish-tinged ;
undefined dorsal spots of dark fuscous irroration at middle, 3,
and apex: cilia pale greyish. Hind wings and cilia pale greyish.
Bred in plenty from larve mining small elongate blotches in
leaves of Zizyphus jujuba, at Puri, Orissa, in January. ‘The species
occurred in great profusion, leaves an inch in diameter containing
twenty or more larvee, and the moths are described as “* swarming
like a cloud of midges round the tree.’’ ‘The mine, larval habits,
and pupa are similar to those of European species.
Crypsithyris spele@a, sp. nov.
#7 @. g-I0 mm. Wholly pale whitish-ochreous except eyes,
which are deep black. Fore wings elongate, narrow, costa gently
arched, apex pointed, termen extremely obliquely rounded. Hind
wings with transverse vein present, 2—7 separate.
Khayon (‘‘ Farm’) Cave, Moulmein, Burma, in March ; three
specimens. ‘This is a very curious and interesting species, appar-
ently a true cave-dweller, found permanently resident ‘‘ in total
darkness ’’ (Annandale), being the only known species of Lepidoptera
adapted to such conditions ; but since the eyes are fully developed
and the power of flight maintained, it would seem probable that the
darkness is not quite absolute, but such that eyes accustomed to it
can still perceive faintly. The absence of light has, however, suf-
ficed to prevent the development of colour, the insects being prac-
tically bleached or colourless. The larvee of four Indian species
of Crypsithyris are known, and all are lichen-feeders, so that prob-
ably this may feed the same way, in portable cases on the rock-
walls. Other Indian caves should be examined for similar species.
400 EF. Meyrick: New Micro-lepidoptera. [Voy II, 1908.]
Melasina apracta, sp. nov.
@. 15-18 mm. Head with appressed hairs, pale greyish-
ochreous. Palpi moderate, rather curved, pointed, pale greyish-
ochreous, second joint sometimes infuscated. Antenne pale grey-
ish-ochreous. Thorax pale greyish-ochreous suffused with fuscous
anteriorly. Abdomen pale ochreous, more yellowish posteriorly,
with large anal tuft of long hairs. Fore wings elongate, rather
narrow, costa modérately arched, apex round-pointed, termen
extremely obliquely rounded; pale greyish-ochreous, sometimes
yellowish-tinged, suffusedly irrorated throughout with fuscous ;
a cloudy spot of darker fuscous suffusion in disc at #2: cilia
ochreous-grey-whitish sprinkled with fuscous. Hind wings light
greyish ; cilia pale greyish-ochreous.
Mandalay, in March; two specimens.
NAN LONI NI INS NL NL NI NSO LONI INA) at
XT. NOTES ON SOME CHRYS ON ir 1D
BEBTLES IN THE COLLECTION OF
Toh ND LAN MUS & UM:
By C. A. Parva, Assistant, Indian Museum.
The greater number of the specimens of this family in the
collection are still unnamed, but those that have been identified
have, with a few exceptions, been examined either by M. Baly
ot by the late Mr. Jacoby. The latter does not, however, appear
to have made use of his notes on the collection in compiling the
volume in the Fauna of British India, Burma and Ceylon, Coleop-
tera, ii, 1908, published shortly after his death, which has prob-
ably deprived coleopterists in India of a full account of the family.
As many of the new specimens are ‘‘ types’’ and as all refer-
ence to several fully described Indian species has been omitted
from the “‘ Fauna,’’ although they belong to the sections of the
family dealt with, I have been asked by the Superintendent to
prepare the following notes on some specimens in the Museum
collection.
I have merely compiled the information to be obtained from
Jacoby’s, Baly’s and Clavareau’s labels, adding certain quota-
tions and references to published literature.
Lema mandarensts, Jac.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
vol. i, 1908, p. 60.
A ‘‘type’’ specimen of this species is in the collection of the
Indian Museum, and it is the only named representative of the
species in the collection. Jacoby when describing this species
mentioned in the Ann. Soc. Entom. Belgique, xli, 1897, p. 421, that
several specimens of this small species were obtained at Mandar
in Bengal by Mr. P. Cardon.
Criocerts quadripustulata, Fabr.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
vol. i, 1908, p. 78.
This species is worthy of note as Jacoby records it only from
Tenasserim, Siam and Java, whereas there are specimens in the
Indian Museum collection determined by him from Sikhim, Calcutta,
and Sibsagar, Assam.
402 C. A. Patva: Notes on Chrysomelide. [VoL IT,
Pseudolema suturalis, Jac.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
Vol.4, 1006, p..63.
One specimen from Mandar, Bengal, named by Jacoby as
Clythra suturalis, Jac., and labelled ‘‘ Type.’’ This specimen
agrees with the description of the above species and has probably
been forgotten by Jacoby.
Pseudoclytva plagiata, Duviv.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
vol. i, 1908, p. 102.
The type of this species was originally described by Duvivier
from Konbir-Nowatoli. In the Museum collection there are
specimens from Mandar, Bengal, which were returned named by
Jacoby, having been compared with the ‘‘ type’’ by Clavareau.
These two localities are not mentioned by Jacoby who only
gives Southern India, Madras, as the distribution of the species.
Gynandrophthalma crasstpes (Duviv.).
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
VOl.. 1, 1008, U..1r2,
A ‘‘type’’ of Duvivier’s species from Konbir, Eastern Ben-
gal, is in the Indian Museum collection, but no mention of the fact
is made either by Jacoby in his new book or by Duvivier in the
Ann. Soc. Entom. Belgique, 1891, p. 31, where he describes this
species.
Atheomorpha nigropicta (Lefév.).
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
VOl, 45-1008, Died.
One specimen from Calcutta in the Museum collection was
doubtfully determined by Jacoby as a variety of the above species.
There is no doubt that it is a varietal form, having the black
lateral stripe on the elytra very much abbreviated and the
anterior spot on the elytra entirely absent.
Labidostonis humeralis, Schneider.
C. O. Waterhouse, Trans. Linn. Soc. (Ser. 2.)
OOF, De Dai.
Five specimens, two males and three females from Badghis,
Afghanistan, were named by C. O. Waterhouse. These specimens
were collected by Dr. J. E. I. Aitchinson, attached to the Afghan
Delimitation Commission, and are in the Museum collection. They
agree very closely with Jacoby’s description of Labrdostomis cum-
mingt, Jac. The only difference I can find is in respect to the
size of the males, which (Waterhouse’s specimens) are 9°5 mm.
to 10 mm. in length, the females being 7 to 8 mm. in length.
Zool., vol. v,
5
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 403
Labidostomis cummingt, Jac., was obtained at Ormarah in
Baluchistan by Cummings.
Clytva succincta, Lacord.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidee,
Vol. 1. 1908, ps L5z.
This species is recorded by Jacoby only from Bengal, China,
and Java. It is, as he says, an abundant species and there are
several specimens in the Museum collection from Bangalore
(Mysore) and Karachi (Sind).
Evidently a very widely distributed species.
Clytra lefévret, Jac.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
VOI. 1005,.0. 154:
There are two specimens in the Museum collection from Mandar,
Bengal, labelled ‘‘ Clytra occipitalis Jac. type.’’ This latter species
has now been sunk by Jacoby as being a variety of C. lefévret,
Jac. The above locality has not been mentioned in the ‘‘ Fauna ’’
by Jacoby.
Clytra ortentalis, Lefév.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
Voli gig LO08. 2 t57.
A single specimen, from Bangalore, of this species is in the
collection, and was returned named by the Paris Museum, among
a number of other named members of this family. The ticket on
the specimen is in Lefévre’s handwriting.
It is the only species mentioned in the new work by Jacoby
as being represented in the ‘‘ Calcutta Museum ’’ collection.
Clytra insularis, Lefév.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
VO! 4:.°1008) 7p. “155.
There is a specimen in the collection, from the Andamans,
named by Baly as Diapromorpha dejeant, Lac. It clearly resem-
bles specimens in the Museum collection which have been returned
named by the Paris Museum, bearing a label in Lefévre’s hand-
writing, as Clytra insularis, Lefév. ‘These specimens are also from
the Andamans.
The markings on the thorax and elytra are totally different
in the two species, apart from their belonging to two different
genera.
Diapromorpha turca (Fab.).
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
val..i; 1908, *p.. 160.
Although Jacoby states that this is rather a common and
404 C. A. Patva: Notes on Chrysomelide. [Vor II,
widely distributed species in India, he gives no definite localities
whence he had seen specimens. In the Museum collection there
are a few specimens from Bangalore (Mysore) and Sahibgunge
(Bengal). ‘Ihe specimen from the latter locality is totally differ-
ent in appearance from the typical form. It was returned named
by the Paris Museum and seems to belong to var. D. of the species.
There are five specimens identified by Baly as Diapromorpha
pallens, Oliv. These do not resemble the specimens in the collec-
tion named D. melanopus, Lacord., of which species Jacoby makes
D. pallens, Oliv., a synonym, but agree with a single specimen
named by Jacoby as Gynandrophthalma pallida, Jac., which appears
to be a nomen nudum.
Cryptocephalus analis, Oliv.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
vol. i, 1908, p. 247.
Recorded by Jacoby from Bengal, the Nilgiris, Coromandel
and Tranquebar.
There is one specimen from Kulu named by Baly in the
Museum collection.
Cryptocephalus colon, Suffr.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
vol, 4 1908, p: 247.
This species is evidently distributed through Assam and Burma
to Siam. Jacoby records it from Assam and Siam and there is
one specimen from Pegu (Burma) in the Museum collection.
Pagria kanaraensis (Jac.).
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
vol. i, 1908, p. 360.
There are two specimens from Calcutta determined by Jacoby
as belonging to this species. He has omitted this locality and
records it only from Southern India: Belgaum; S. Kanara.
Scelodonta vittata (Oliv.).
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
vol. i, 1908, p. 382.
As Jacoby has given Pusa and Bombay as the only Indian
localities whence this species has been recorded, and as the species
is not uncommon, it would be as well to give the localities of the
specimens representing it in the collection of the Indian Museum,
some of which were named by Jacoby. ‘Those from Murshidabad
(Bengal) and Tavoy (Burma) were named by Jacoby. ‘The others
from Berhampore, Maldah (Bengal) and the Andamans were re-
turned named by the Paris Museum.
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 405
Scelodonta indica, Duviv.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
vol. 1, 1908, p. 383.
Recorded by Jacoby only from Konbir, E. Bengal. Un-
doubtedly a very common species in Calcutta, from which locality
a rather large series of specimens were named for the Museum by
Jacoby.
There are two specimens which were returned named by the
Paris Museum. One is Colasposoma ceruleatum, Baly, and the
other Colasposoma ornatum, Jac. Both are from Maldah (Bengal).
Five specimens from Bangalore were identified by Jacoby as
Colasposoma nitida, Fabr., and four specimens from Ranchi (Bengal)
were doubtfully identified by him as Colasposoma affine, Lefév.!
No mention of either of these species is made by him in the
Hauna.
Abivus angustatus, Lefeév.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
vol. i, 1908, p. 456.
Jacoby states he was unable to refer any Eastern form known
to him to this species, as he knew no species of Abivus with a thorax
nearly twice as long as broad. Among the specimens returned
by the Paris Museum are two specimens named as belonging to
this species, evidently a male and a female. The specimens bear
a label in Lefévre’s handwriting. They are from Southern India.
In neither of the specimens does the thorax appear to be twice as
long as broad, as it is stated to be by Lefevre in his description
(‘* prothorace fere duplo longiove parum latiore’’).
Abirus andamansis, Letév.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide
vol. 1, 1908, p. 457:
A ‘‘type’’ of this species is in the Indian Museum collec-
tion and was returned by the Paris Museum. It bears Lefévre’s
label. Unfortunately the head and thorax are missing. There
are no other examples of the species in the collection and it is
apparently rare, as Jacoby did not see any specimens of it.
Corynodes andamanenstis, Letév.
Jacoby, Fauna of British India, Coleoptera, Chrysomelide,
vol. i, 1908, p. 503.
Lefévre, in his original description (Bull. Soc. Ent. Belgique,
xxxv, 1891, p. cclxxvi) called this species ‘‘ andamansis,’’ but
Jacoby has changed it into andamanensts. The type specimen,
1 Recorded by Duvivier from Konbir, Bengal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxxvi,
1892, p. 414.
406 C. A. Patva: Notes on Chrysomelide. [Vou-dd,
which is in the Museum collection, is labelled C. andamansts, in
Lefévre’s handwriting.
The following are a few species which have been recorded
from within Indian limits and which have been omitted by Jacoby.
The author’s description of each species is quoted, so that it may
be available to workers in the group in India.
Coptocephala dubia, Baly.
Baly, Scient. Results, Second VYarkand Mission, 1878-91,
Coleoptera, p. 25.
‘“ Subelongata, subcylindrica, nitida, subtus nigra, argenteo
sericea, prothorace pedibusque fulvis; su va fulva, capitis vertice
nigro ; thorace levi ; scutello piceo ; elytris tenuter punctatis, fascia
communt baseos, extrorsum abbreviata, alteraque vix pone medium
nigris.”’
““ Long. 24 lin.’’
‘“'Vertex black, impunctate, lower face fulvous, a ray of
the same colour extending upwards on the vertex; front deeply
excavated between the eyes, irregularly punctured; anterior
margin of clypeus concave-emarginate. Thorax rather more
than twice as broad as long; sides rounded, converging from
behind the middle to the apex; the anterior angles obtuse, the
hinder ones rounded ; disc transversely convex, shining, impunc-
tate, excavated on either side near the lateral margin. Scutellum
trigonate, piceous. Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax,
parallel, very finely punctured ; the black markings on their sur-
face extend from the base nearly to the middle of the disc, and
again from the middle itself nearly to the apex, leaving only an
irregular flavous transverse band across the middle, which sends
a narrow ramus along the suture nearly to the base.’’
““ Hab.—Murree.”’ (Baly.)
One specimen from Murree, W. Himalayas, is in the Indian
Museum collection ; it was named by Baly and is a ‘‘ type’’ or
‘* co-type.’’
Cryptocephalus interjectus, Baly.
Baly, Scientific Results, Second Yarkand Mission, 1878-91,
Coleoptera, p. 26.
‘“ EFlongato-oblongus @, oblongus 2%, convexus, nitidus, sub-
lus niger, pedibus migro-piceis ; supra flavus, capite hic illic parce
fortiter punctato, fronte sulco longitudinals impresso ; vertice, macu-
lis duabus inter oculos, labro, antennisque nigris, ms basi, sulco
longitudinal, mandibulisque picers ; thorace levi, limbo angusto
el utringue macula subrotundatd nigris ; scutello subcordato, nigro ;
elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, punctis piceis, apicem versus minus
fortiter wmpressis ; interspatits convexis, transversim rugulosis ;
utrisque limbo angusto, externo ante medium excepto, maculisque
quingue 2, 2, 1, dispositis nigris.’’
1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 407
~ihong.23-din.%*
‘“ Var. A. Pygidio corporeque subtus flavis, illo macula cunei-
forma pectore, abdominisque disco nigris.’’
‘“ Var. B, Corpore nigro, antennarum basi, clypeo, faciet signa-
turts, thoracisque lined longitudinali sordide flavis.’’
‘“ Head rather coarsely but not closely punctured, the punc-
turing varying in degree in different individuals ; front impressed
with. a distinct longitudinal groove ; clypeus broader than long,
trigonate ; antennee three-fourths the length of the body in the
Q , rather longer in the » , the three lower joints pale piceous, the
rest black. Thorax rather more than twice as broad as long at
the base; sides moderately rounded and obliquely converging
from base to apex; basal margin concave-emarginate on either
side, the outer angles produced backwards, acute; above convex,
minutely but not closely punctured. Elytra slightly broader than
the thorax, oblong quadrate, convex, rather strongly punctate-
striate, the punctures piceous, finer, and less strongly impressed
towards the apex ; interspaces faintly but distinctly convex, trans-
versely wrinkled ; each elytron with the extreme outer limb (in-
terrupted on the lateral margin before its middle) and five large
patches black ; these spots are arranged as follows: two trans-
versely below the base, the outer one oblong, covering the humeral
callus and attached to the basal margin, the inner one subrotun-
date, placed on the inner disc; two just below the middle also
placed transversely, both subrotundate, the outer one usually
attached to the lateral margin ; and lastly, one apical, transversely
oblong, either free or attached to the apical border ; these patches
are often more or less confluent, and occasionally, as in var. B,
cover the entire surface of the elytron. Pygidium and body be-
neath clothed with griseous hairs. Apical margin of prosternum
obliquely produced, deflexed, slightly emarginate, the hinder
margin concave, armed on either side with a deflexed, obtuse
tooth; mesosternum transverse, its apical border angulate-em-
arginate. Apical segment of abdomen in the o impressed with
a shallow fovea; the same segment in the 2 deeply excavated, the
fovea large, rotundate. Basal joint of the four anterior tarsi in
the @ dilated, elongate-ovate, longer than the following two
united,’’
‘‘ The form of the prosternum will separate this species from
any nearly allied species.’’
‘* Hab.—Murree.’’ (Baly.)
There are three specimens in the Museum collection named by
Baly. The ‘“‘type’’ and var. B, from Murree, and var. A, from
the Jhelum Valley, N.-W. Kashmir.
Paria cuprescens, Baly.
Baly, Scient. Results, Second Yarkand Mission, 1878-91,
Coleoptera, p. 28.
408 C. A. Patva:: Notes on Chrysomelida. [Voy II, 1908.]
‘“ Anguste ovata, subtus cum capite picea, pedibus, antenna-
rumque bast pallidus ; supra cuprea, thorace sub-conico, vage punc-
tato ; elytris regulariter punctato-striatis, interspatis planis, impunc-
tatis.’’
‘* Long. 14 lin.’’
‘“ Vertex swollen, shining, impunctate ; clypeus transverse,
its anterior border emarginate ; antennee, rather more than half
the length of the body, piceous, the two lower joints paler. Thorax
broader than long at the base; sides straight and obliquely con-
verging from base to apex, the hinder angles very acute; basal
margin oblique on either side, the median lobe obtusely rounded ;
disc sub-cylindrical, impressed, but not closely, with very shallow
punctures. Elytra ovate, attenuated at the apex, regularly punc-
tate-striate, the interspaces plane, each impressed with an irregu-
lar row of minute punctures ; humeral callus thickened.’’
‘* Hab.—Jhelam Valley.’’ (Baly.)
The collection contains a specimen of the above species,
named by Baly, from the Jhelum Valley. It is not in very good
condition, having one elytron missing.
Corynodes bengalensis, Duviv.
Duvivier, Bull. Soc. Entom. Belgique, xxxiv, 1890, p. extliii.
The short diagnosis of this species is given below. A more
detailed description in French, comprising about three-quarters
of a page will be found in the above work, p. cxliv.
‘“ Oblong, convexe, entiervement d'un vert brillant mélangé de
pourpre et de violet. Antenne notres a reflets violacés avec la base
brune. Massue de cing articles. Téte et elytres densément ponctuées
ces dermiéres a ponctuation subsériale. Corselet a ponctuation éparse.
Crochets des tarses appendiculés.’’
‘Long. 10 mill.—Tetara (Mission du Bengale occidental).’’
(Duvivier.)
There are two specimens in the collection. One from Mandar,
Bengal, was returned named by Jacoby, Clavareau having com-
pared it with the “‘ type,’’ and the other without a locality was
named by the Paris Museum.
SN et a
ell no Oe NeW Cre EN Er EN AY i RO M
dE, OR ENT ALR EB GT ON.
By Dr. WALTHER Horn, Berlin,
Cicindela lefroy1, sp. nov.
Differt a Cicindela vittigera, Dej., prothoracis parte inter-
media et antica latiore ; elytris postice minus distincte serrulatis,
spina suturali @ minus retracta, margine laterali ad angu'um
apicalem externum magis rotundato declivi; signatura: puncto
basali minore et obliquo (extus et posticem versus descendente),
maculis juxta-suturalibus vix brevioribus, fascia media discoidali
et antice et postice evidenter abbreviata (antice non extus, postice
vix intus curvata) ; macula apicali anteriore rotundata (non oblonga),
posteriore hujus minus approximata; genis nudis plus minusve
cyaneis; iv antennarum articulo ~ non penicillio longo sed solum-
modo setis 2 brevibus flavis distantibus ornato. Long. 123-154 mm.
(sine labro).
9 oo, Pusa, Chapra (Bengal), collected by Mr. H. Maxwell
Lefroy and sent to me by my friend Mr. H. E. Andrewes.
The bald cheeks, the broad prothorax and the shortened middle
band of the elytra, which is almost straight, are the principal features
of this new species, which has been caught together with Cicindela
viltigera, Dej. Front and pronotum are coppery with a bluish-
greenish tinge at the ordinary places; the elytra show an opaque
velvet-like black, except at the lateral margin and the base, both
of which are (not velvet-like) dark green or bluish black. The
pro-episterna are densely clothed towards the coxz with white
bristles, elsewhere bald. The margins of the abdomen and of the
metasternum, the meta-episterna (bald in the centre), meso-epi-
mera and meso-episterna (laterally bald) also clothed with white
bristles. The apex of the suture of the elytra of the o only a
little, of the 9 moderately, retracted.
Cicsndela allent.
Species intermedia inter Cicindelam nivicinctam, Chvr., et C.
limosam, Saund., genis pilosis; ceteris capitis partibus nudis,
quibusdam pilis supra antennarum insertionem positis exceptis ;
fronte inter oculos excavata (oculos versus etiam perparum magis
erecta quam in C. limosa subtilissimeque—fere aequaliter atque in
C. mivicincta, subtilius quam in C. limosa—striolata) ; prothorace
omnino ut in hac specie, 7.e., lateribus leviter rotundatis, basi
angustata, marginibus lateralibus pronoti sparsim pilosis ; elytris
410 W. Horn: Stx new Cicindeline. (Vor. IT,
angustioribus quam C. mivicincta (multo angustioribus quam C.
lamosa), postice obliquius quam in his duabus speciebus prolongato-
truncatis, spina suturali perparum (ut in C. lumosa, o@) retracta.
Cetera ut in illis 2 speciebus. Long. 9 mm.
One o@ sent to me by Mr. John Hewitt, Director of the Sarawak
Museum, caught by the Rev. Dexter Allen near Betong (Borneo).
Very closely allied to C. limosa and mvicincta, agreeing in the
brassy-greenish coloration of the whole body. The first four seg-
ments of the antennz are green, the legs brassy-green with red-
dish knees, the palpi, trochanters and almost the whole tibize
testaceous, the tarsi testaceous and green. The labrum is short,
transversely truncated, with only two short teeth arranged at a
certain distance from the middle. Front, vertex, pronotum
exceedingly finely shagreened, elytra closely and not finely punc-
tured, with a narrow, yellow, marginal line, running from the
shoulder to the tip. The striking features of the plain-looking
new species are: the hairy cheek, the few bristles above the
insertion of the antenne, the very fine striation of the fairly
erected part of front towards the eyes, the slightly rounded pro-
thorax narrowed to the base, the small elytra and the hardly
retracted sutural spine.
Cicindela crassipalpis.
Species Cicindele westermannt, Schaum, affinis; labro @ antice
perparum magis angustato-producto (7 C. westermanni mihi
deest !) ; fronte latiore in partibus medianis irregularius minusque
longitudinaliter striolata; prothorace multo latiore, lateribus
valde rotundatis, maxima latitudine pone strangulationem anticam
rita ((ormam C. tetragrammice referens, sed latera minus recta),
pronoto-toto (disco sparsim) setosa; elytris in medio fere eadem
latitudine atque in C. westermannt sed minus convexis, basim
versus multo minus angustatis, totis sat velutinis (margine lato
aenescente excepto), solummoda serie una foveolarum minorum
viridium juxta suturam ornatis; signatura differente: macula
apicali virguliformi fere eadem, altera brevi obliqua (intus et
posticem versus descendente: aut recta aut in medio angustata)
discoidali pone medium sita margini magis approximata quam
suturae, puncto minore rotundato fere in medio inter hanc et angu-
lum humeralem posito (a margine aequaliter atque macula media
distante). Jong. 9-124 mm. (sine labro).
One co, two? ¢ , in the collection of my friend A. E. Andrewes,
Capt. Downing and my own. Collected by Capt. A. K. Welt
Downing in October 1907 at 1,000 feet elevation at Potanur (Coim-
batore district).
Labrum testaceous, ¢ long, roundly prolongated with only
one (strong) tooth in the middle, @# broad and transverse (the only
middle tooth smaller); head and prothorax coppery, sculptured
somewhat as in C. catena, much broader in 9 than in #; the whole
head bald ; the elytra rather parallel, @ very little (? moderately)
1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. AII
ampliated near the middle, with a velvet-like surface (the broad
lateral margin excepted), brown in @, greenish-blackish in the
only o, rather convex (although less than in C. westermannt),
broadly rounded behind, with a minute not retracted sutural spine.
Punctuation of the elytra fine, little visible (margin excepted) ;
pattern broad, as described above. Under side coppery, abdomen
bluish-cyaneous with the whole of the lateral parts of the pectoral
region of the metasternum and of the first 4-5 abdominal sternites
densely clothed with white bristles. First four segments of antennee
coppery; legs, #, more greenish above, more coppery below, @ as
well as almost all tibicee and tarsi 9 @ more or less testaceous ; palpi
testaceous, only tips of last joint darkish.
Therates spinipennts, Latr., xanthophobus.
Differt a forma prioritatis (spinipennis, Latr.) macula flava
humerali elytrorum nulla, labro aut toto aut maxima ex parte
(solummodo antice medio testaceo), palpis maxillaribus totis, maxi-
ma mandibularum primique antennarum articuli parte nigricanti-
bus; femoribus longius obscuratis; pronoti parte intermedia
plerumque paullo minus globosa. Tong. 11-13} mm. (sine labro
spinaque). a)
9o@, Palembang (Sumatra), my collection, caught by Mr.
Bouchard.
The most remarkable feature is that even the greatest part
of the labrum becomes blackish (at least the base of both of the
lateral margins). A small patch near the base of the mandibles
seems always to be testaceous. ‘The hind hips have only a yellow tip.
Therates spinipennis, Latr., xanthophilus.
Differt a forma prioritatis (spinipennis, Latr.) labro, primo
et antennarum (supra perparum obscurato) et palporum maxilla-
rium (articul’s 2 ultimis obscurioribus) art’culo, mandibulis (ap'ce
excepto), max ma coxarum posticarum parte (solummodo parte
basali et laterali nigricante), totis femoribus, tota parte basali
elytrorum (macula scutellum versus angustata et plerumque huius
apicem attingente), abdomine flavis; tibiis tarsisque plerumque
brun, nescentibus; statura minore; elytris nigris, non au: vix
metallice indutis, brevioribus, totis paullo grossius punctatis,
dsco quoque sparsim punctato. Long. 104-114 mm. (sine labro
spinaque).
2 # , Mentawei Island, Sipora; collected by Modighant, v—vi,
1894.
The contrast between the obscure black (almost always with-
out any metallic lustre) coloration of the elytra and the enlarged
straw-like vellow humeral patch is very striking. The last is almost
as broad as long. Therates spinipennis versicolor, Bat., is des-
cribed as being larger than the typical form and metallic on the
disc of the elytra, which are not punctured and showa small humeral
spot.
412 W. Horn: Six new Cicindeline, [Vow. II, 1908.]
Therates gestrot annandalet, sub-sp. nov.
Differt a forma prioritatis (T. gestrov, W. Horn, from Lakhon)
orbitis altius rectiusque positis, intermedia prothoracis parte an-
gustiore, lunula humerali flava multo longiore (tertiam elytrorum
partem evidenter superante), macula basali item majore et cum
illa connata et suturem versus paullulum descendente, macula
discoidaei media flava transversa vix majore, tota elytrorum parte
apical. (aut quarta aut quinta) indistincte flavescente. Long. 7-8
mm, (sine labro).
9”, Kurseong, 5,000 feet, common in damp shady places,
3—5-vi-1908, caught by Dr. N. Annandale.
The anterior half of the elytra shows exactly the pattern of
Therates kraatzi, W. Horn, from Penang, but the discoidal patch
of the !atter is much larger ; on the other hand the apex of the
elytra of the new form is much more broadly yellowish coloured.
The two deep longitudinal sulci in the middle part of the front of
T. gestvot and its sub-species are parallel, its interspace. flat and
smooth ; in 7. kraatzi there is a slight depression in the centre
of this part towards which the two sulci converge a little: only
the anterior part before the convergence is smooth, all the remain-
der of the middle part is just a little obliquely, longitudinally
striated. The prothorax of the Penang species is broader than
that of T. gestvot annandalet and its extreme apex shows a distinct
but sl ght transverse emargination.
XLII. DESCRIPTION OF AN AGRIOLIMAX
FROM GYVANTSE, TIBET, COLLECTED BY
CAPTAIN: F.-H. STEWART, INDIAN: MEDI-
CAT SERVICE = WITH DETAILS: OF. 11S
ANATOMY.
By Liewt-Col. H. H. Gopwin-AusteEn, F.R.S., F.Z.S., etc.
Some specimens of slugs have lately been placed in my hands
by Dr. Nelson Annandale, Superintendent of the Indian Museum,
Calcutta. Considerable is the interest attached to them because they
were collected by Captain F. H. Stewart, I.M.S.. on the 11th Sep-
tember, 1907, at Gyantse, in Tibet, at an altitude of 14,500 feet,
and are the first slugs to have been obtained in that part of Tibet.
There were two tubes, one marked No. 88 containing two speci-
mens, the largest of the lot, andanother, No. 58, twelve specimens
much smaller in size of a paler colour: colour, however, in spirit
specimens is not of much value, andI can detect no difference in the
outward form, nor in the groovings on the body of the large and small
specimens, nor in the formula of the radula. The internal anatomy
of the two largest was well seen and proves these slugs to belong
to the genus Agriolimax, the nearest species being Agriolimax cam-
pestris var. hyperborea, as described in the Monograph of the Land
and Freshwater Mollusca of the British Isles by Mr. John W.
Taylor, p. 135,—a species with a northern habitat in both the Old
and New Worlds. AsTI shall show further on, there are differences
between the two, which, considering the very small differences
which constitute varieties of campestris (such as occidentalis, Cooper,
of California; montanus, Ingersoll ; castanea, Ingersoll; intermedius,
Cockerell; and tvistis, Cockerell, of Colorado) I think render this
Tibetan form quite worthy of similar distinction.
Agriolimax tibetanus, sp. nov.
Animal 17 mm. in length, pale umber brown in spirit ; the
mantle and dorsal surface of foot much darker, nearly black.
The mantle is anterior in position and has semi-concentric fold-
ings on the hinder part, concentric and given off from the
right anterior edge on the fore part; two parallel grooves run
down the top of the neck, which are joined on both sides
by the main lateral grooves. These last on the side of the
animal are very distinctive, deep and well defined ; on the rounded
dorsal side of the foot these lateral intervals are first broken up
into parallelograms, and then, running closer together, form oblong
4i4 H. H. Gopwin-Ausren: A new slug from Tibet. (Vou. 11,
close-set tubercles. The sole of the foot is tripartite, and it has
an edge of narrow elongate tubercles, and the outermost area of
the sole is broken up into quadrate spaces corresponding in their
length to the spaces between the lateral grooves. ‘Tentacles
black. :
—— ow
gen.ap J pt
Agvriolimax tibetanus, sp. nev.
Animal viewed from right side, x 3:6; s. = sole of foot.
Mantle viewed from above showing dorsal grooves, x 3°6,
Shell, x 7.
Jaw, x 20'S.
Teeth of the radula, central and admedians, x 720.
an laterals, x 316.
—
Hud ood o
Hh invOwb
dD. e >
Genitalia, x 7.
_ The internal anatomy showed that both the largest specimens
(No. 88) were adult, the oviduct being large and jelly-like. The
albumen gland was also large and of conspicuous ruddy brown
colour, and occupied the posterior median portion when the animal
1908. | Records of the Indtan Museum. 415
was removed from its enveloping integument. There were not
enough specimens to determine the coils of the intestine, but the
rectum was well seen. The retractor muscles of the eye-tentacles
are situated on the posterior end of the mantle, and the branchial
cavity, the heart lying on the anterior side.
The generative organs were well seen and mounted.
The penis is a simple, short, thick tube with a globose head
giving off a small, tightly-coiled, what may be termed flagellum, or
rather its homologue; the vas deferens joins it on one side and
the retractor muscle on the other. The spermatheca is short, club-
shaped, and lies close against the free oviduct. The vas deferens is
very short. I could not find any excitatory organ, which Semper
shows exists in Agriolimax levis (vide p. 122, Moll. British Isles).
The generative organs are of the same type, only differing in minor
details.
The peculiar character of this species is the strong lateral
grooves on the side of the foot, running from the peripodial groove
upwards. ‘Taylor’s description of Agriolimax agrestis does not
apply to this species. The teeth of the radula are similar in form
to those of Agriolimax hyperborea (Westerland); the laterals
being curved and aculeate, but there are far fewer of them. I
got the radula out in a very perfect state, and the formula is
17.2.12.1.12.2.17. OF 3I-I-31 ; in Ayperborea it iS 42-1-42 , laterals 12
in number, marginals about 30; it shows the two species are very
close to one another.
Jaw moderately arched with a small central projection.
Shell thin, glassy, transparent, milky white, flat, elongately
ovate, widening in breadth gradually to the anterior edge, with
a rounded apex.
[NorE.—The specimens described above by Colonel Godwin-
Austen were found under stones in a small mountain stream at
High Hill Gompa. ‘The smaller specimens (from tube No. 58) were
taken on the 16th July, the larger (tube 88) on the 11th September.
On the 29th March I had found under stones in the same loca-
lity two eggs which presumably belong to this species. They
were spherical, 2 mm. in diameter, and had very thick, tough,
laminated, membranous shells. Floating loose in the cavity of
the shell was an embryo in an early stage of development, roughly
spherical and showing a differentiation into a thin outer layer and
an inner cellular mass. These two eggs were placed in water in a
tube and kept in a room of the Trade Agency at Chang-lo. On
the roth April the embryos had begun to assume a slug-like form,
but they showed no haste to break through their shells, and it was
not until the middle of May that they introduced themselves to
the outer world, Although this collecting-ground was regularly
visited, no adult slugs were found until July. —F. H. Srewart.]
Sy Pik. Revel oO NOH LH WOR TEN TAT,
ee Pale Ags
By FE. BRUNETTI.
The present paper is an endeavour to recognise the described
Oriental species in this family and to add some new ones existing in
the Indian Museum collection. Some of these latter bear names by
Bigot (apparently nomina nuda), with ‘‘ sp. nov.’’ affixed, and
these I have described herein. Most of them are placed wrongly,
generically, and one “sp. nov.’’ which he calls ‘‘ Leptis dichroma ”
is a Plecia (Bibionide) and is in too dilapidated a condition to des-
cribe. My thanks are due to Mr. C. O. Waterhouse of the British
Museum for some valuable information respecting some of Walker’s
types and Rondani’s genus Leptipalpus, and also to Prof. M. Bezzi
for notes on the latter genus.
SURAGINA, WIk.
T. illacens, Wik. .:; as .. Celebes.
2. Signipennis, WIk. bg .. Gilolo.
Walker mentions the great length of the discal cell (‘‘ nearly
six times longer than broad ’’) as characteristic of his genus, and
Osten Sacken notes its affinity with Athervix (Berl. Ent. Zeits., xxvi,
101) ; as Walker had labelled with the generic name Suvagina, the
specimen which Osten Sacken makes the type of his species Atherix
limbata. ‘The latter author seemed doubtful of the validity of
Suragina. Osten Sacken does not mention the proportionate
shape of the discal cell in his imbata. In the five species of Atherix
that I have been able to examine it is only from 3 to 4 times longer
than broad, and in the two common European species (marginata
and 72b7s) only slightly over 3 times. (In my measurement, I have
regarded the ‘‘ breadth’’ as its breadth in the middle—or the
average breadth.)
_ Failing a comparison with types, it is well to let Suvagina stand
provisionally. Moreover Walker says the antenne have the third
joint round, whereas in Atherix it is kidney-shaped.
From the descriptions, S. ¢//ucens is a cinereous black species,
with two large lateral testaceous spots at the base of the abdomen,
the tip of which is also testaceous ; whilst in S. svgnipennts it is
black, with hoary tomentum. ‘The legs are differently coloured,
but the size of both species is about identical.
1 Since concluding this and the succeeding paper, I have seen two new species
of Chrysopilus, two of Bombylius and one of Gevon, all acquired by the Indian
Museum: these will be described shortly.—E. Brunetti,
418 E. BRUNET?I: Oriental Leptide. [Vor
ATHERIX, Mg.
Table of Oriental spectes,
A Abdomen with distinct red or yel-
low markings.
B Hind femora without a distinct
ring near tip.
t. All the femora wholly red-
dish tawny .. meritarsis, Dol.
2. Basal half of all the femora
black.
Basal half of abdomen all
tawny: wings with dis-
tinct, wide brown stripe
in middle : .. calopa, mihi, sp. nov.
Abdomen mainly black, but
base at sides reddish
tawny : wings pale brown
with indistinct darker
band in middle .. lanopyga, mihi, sp. nov.
3. All femora wholly black,
except base of ‘‘ pos-
terior ’’ femora .. labiata, Big.
BB Hind femora brownish yellow,
with a broad brown ring before
the tip ee . limbata, Os. Sac.
AA Abdomen practically all black :
at most a bluish grey band at
base, or first segment pale
yellow.
C Abdomen with bluish grey trans-
verse band towards base: hind
metatarsi normal <-;. . cincta, mihi, sp. nov.
CC Abdomen with first segment pale
yellow: hind metatarsi distinctly
and uniformly thickened .. metatarsalis, mihi, sp. nov.
Atherix limbata (?), Os. Sac.
Redescription.
(Plate xii, fig. 4, 2, wing.)
@. Lower Burma. Long. 8 mm.
Head.—Vertex cinereous grey with a few blackish hairs, upper
half of frons dull coal-black, lower part bluish grey wen (seen
from above) a central small black spot, lower part of face blackish
grey, proboscis brown. Antenne blackish grey with a few hairs
at base, third joint tawny, arista long. Eyes blackish. Back of
head bluish grey, with a fringe of light hairs, which are longest
behind the sides of the eyes. Palpi black, hairy below.
1909. | ~ Records of the Indian Museum. 419
Thorax.—Dorsum aénous black, the colour not attaining an-
terior margin except as a wide stripe in the centre, but extending
to both wings and to the scutellum. Humeral calli tawny, with
a whitish grey tomentose spot, contiguous to each, on the anterior
border. A bluish grey spot in front of each wing, placed almost
on the dorsum. Sides of thorax yellowish grey posteriorly ; meso-
pleure bluish grey. Scutellum yellow, base blackish ; metano-
tum blackish grey.
Abdomen.—Brownish yellow, with a black dorsal stripe on
first three segments, which spreads out over the greater part of the
fourth and fifth segments, tip of abdomen yellow, sides with a
blackish line and a fringe of black hairs mixed with some paler
ones. Belly yellowish. Some short pale hairs over the dorsal
surface of the abdomen.
Legs.—Fore coxe yellowish with bluish grey reflections, pos-
terior coxe blackish, all of them black at the junction with the
femora, which are yellow, with the tips narrowly black, the middle
pair having a very small black streak on the under side near the
base, and the hind pair a wide black ring in the middle. Remain-
der of legs black, but middle tibiz dark brownish yellow.
Wings.—Pale grey, a rather dark brown middle stripe from
the centre of the costa, narrowing posteriorly and reaching hind
margin of wing at tip of anal cell; distal part of wing dark grey,
down to the fifth posterior cell, the centre of which is pale grey
(reaching to the border) but a rather wide pale grey space remains
between the dark brown stripe and the distal dark grey part, this
clearer part ceasing at the fifth posterior cell. Fifth longitudinal
vein dark brown suffused. Wing rather strongly iridescent. Upper
transverse vein placed just before one-third of the discal cell. Hal-
teres yellowish, knob black.
Described from a single perfect 2 in the Indian Museum collec-
tion captured by Dr. Annandale.
N.B.—I describe under the above specific name a @ specimen
(now in the Indian Museum collection) captured by Dr. Annandale
at the base of the Dawna Hills, Amherst District (Lower Burma), on
I-ili-o8, and which I at first thought was a new species. It differs
from limbata, O.S., by the presence of the clearer space in the dark
distal part of the wing, and by the hind femoral band being in the
middle, not near the tip; other minor differences hardly being
specific. My augmented description may enable others to iden-
tify it definitely either as imbata or as new.
A. nigritarsis, Dol.
A. limbata, Os. Sac.
A. calopa, mihi, sp. nov.
The two former are very closely allied, as noted by the late
Baron Osten Sacken (Berl. Ent. Zeits., xxvi, 100) in describing
his species from the Philippines. My calopa is also near both,
yet I believe all three species to be distinct.
420 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Leptide. [VoL. II,
Atherix lanopyga, mihi, sp. nov.
(Chrysopila lanopyga, Bigot, nom. nud.)
(Plate xii, fig. 3, 2, full insect.)
9. Assam. Long. Io mm.
Head.—Rather more than the upper half of frons velvet-black,
remainder of frons, the vertex, and face below antenne, black-
ish, with bluish grey reflections. Antenne, two basal joints brown
(third missing). Eye facets of uniform size. Proboscis and palpi
blackish, the latter pubescent above and below. Back of head
blackish grey with a continuous fringe of short grey hair.
Thorax.—Black, with whitish grey reflections at the sides
and on the humeri. Scutellum black, with black hairs ; posterior
border brown.
Abdomen.—Mainly black. First segment dark brown, the
colour extending as a wide dorsal stripe across the second ; sides
of first two segments occupied by a large, light yellow translucid
spot. Third segment velvet-black, with a bicoloured spot at the
sides of the posterior border, the anterior half of this spot being
orange, and the posterior half grey ; the orange colour extending
along the sides of the abdomen in a streak, until it reaches the large
translucent side spots in front of it. Remaining segments black,
whitish grey posteriorly, the sides of the sixth and seventh being
light orange-brown. Anal process black. Dorsum of abdomen
with yellowish hair, which at the tip becomes brown. Belly yellow,
with soft, yellow hair, the middle segments with some irregular
black marks.
Legs.—Coxee brown, with bluish white shimmer, and soft,
silky white hair; femora yellow, base of fore pair and basal half
of middle and hind pairs, light brown; tibiee brownish yellow,
hind pair darker ; tarsi brownish black. The femora have a little
pale yellow hair, which is brown on the tibiz, bright golden brown
on hind pair and black on the tarsi.
Wings.—Pale grey, a faint brown streak from the elongated
brown stigma reaches nearly to the posterior border: a small,
elongated, clear spot in the middle of the discal and of the fifth pos-
terior cells. Discal cell 34 times as long as broad. Halteres yellow,
knobs black. Tegulee pale yellow, transparent.
Described from one @ in good condition in the Indian Museum
collection from Sadiya (Assam).
Atherix calopa, mihi, sp. nov.
(Id. td., Bigot, nom. nud.)
(Plate xii, fig. 2, abdomen, ~.)
@. Assam and Tenasserim. Long. 8 to Io mm.
_ Head.—Vertex black; frons blackish with bluish grey
shimmer ; proboscis and palpi blackish, the latter hairy below.
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 421
Antenne brownish yellow, with a trace of bluish grey dust on
upper side of two basal joints. Back of head blackish grey, with
a thick fringe of long whitish grey hair which is absent on the
upper part. Lower facets of eye barely smaller than upper ones.
Thorax.—Dark brownish black, moderately shining : humeri
shining brown; sides of thorax brown, light bluish grey dusted.
Scutellum dark brown, with erect brown hairs.
Abdomen.—First four segments mainly yellow, but dark brown
at the upper side of the first at the base, and a narrow dark brown
dorsal line, with a narrow line at each side of the abdomen ; these
three lines extending over the four segments. Posterior border
of fourth segment dark brown, the colour extending forward in
the centre, till it joins the dorsal stripe. Remainder of abdomen
dark shining brown, the posterior border of each segment bear-
ing a little bluish grey dust. Belly yellowish. The whole abdo-
men with moderately long hairs of similar colours to that of the
respective parts on which they are placed. Genitalia moderately
large, dark brown, shining, with black hairs.
Legs.—Coxee, dark brownish with bluish grey shimmer ;
femora yellow, basal third in fore pair, basal half in middle pair
and basal two-thirds in hind pair black ; tibize yellow, knees brown ;
basal half of tarsi yellow, apical half black. Legs with very short
black hairs.
Wings.—Very pale grey, apical half a little darker; discal
cell three times as long as broad ; no distinct stigma; a brownish
irregular streak from the centre of the fore border, reaching to
about half way across the wing. Halteres yellow, knobs black;
tegulee blackish with yellow edges.
Described from three ~ @ in fairly good condition, in the Indian
Museum collection. The type is from Sadiya and the others from
Tenasserim.
Atherix cincta, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. I, wing.)
@. Assam. Long. Io mm.
Head.—Frons dull black, bare, the part immediately above
antennee with ash-grey reflections and.a few hairs. Vertex black-
ish, only slightly indented ; ocelli dull red-brown. Eyes brown,
with a bronze reflection, facets of uniform size. Back of head
grey, with a fringe of short, black hairs on upper half, which are
replaced by longer, scattered white hairs on lower half. Antenneze
dark brown, normal, first joint hairy above only, second joint
hairy above and below. Face below antennz ash-grey: palpi
and proboscis cinereous grey, with scattered hairs, the former with
some strong black hairs at tip.
Thorax.—Ground colour blackish, with traces of cinereous
grey close pubescence, which in perfect examples probably covers
all the dorsum and sides; with also some scattered longer hairs
over the whole thorax. Scutellum blackish, with scattered yellowish
422 E. BRUNETII: Oriental Leptiide, [VoL. II,
grey hairs and reddish brown posterior border carrying a fringe of
black and grey hairs.
Abdomen.—Shining dark blackish brown, shoulders promi-
nent, forming tawny brown calli with grey hair. The under side
of the first segment is in front continued in a yellow scaly process
extending downwards till it reaches the hind coxe. The first
and second segments are occupied by a pale bluish grey transverse
band, narrowly interrupted in the middle, and extending over the
sides to a considerable extent. ‘This band carries pale concolorous
hair which is continued along the lower sides of the whole abdo-
men to the tip. The dorsum is clothed with shert black pubes-
cence which, beginning with the third segment, extends round the
sides until it meets the line of grey side hairs. A very narrow
bluish grey border to the fourth and fifth segments, the extreme
edge in the fifth and sixth segments being orange-brown.
~Legs.—Blackish brown, minutely pubescent: apical half of
all femora and the whole of the middle tibiz reddish tawny.
Some whitish grey hairs below femora; hind tibiz shortly pubes-
cent, with reddish bronze reflections.
Wings.—-Pale grey, apical half pale brownish. No distinct
stigma, but an ill-defined rather broad brown band runs from the
stigmatic portion of the costa towards the posterior border, but fades
away before reaching it. Discal cell three times as long as broad ;
anal cell closed just before the border. By a strong convergence
of the veins the fourth posterior cell (¢erymin, O.S.) is almost closed ;
thus (if a stable specific character) separating this species from
all other Oriental species in this genus. Halteres yellowish, knobs
black, rather large. Tegulee cinereous grey.
Described from one @ from Margherita, and two 2 2 from
the base of the Dawna Hills, Amherst District, Lower Burma, the
latter taken by Dr. Annandale, I-iti-o8 ; all in the Indian Museum
collection and in good condition.
Atherix metatarsalis, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 5, wing; 6, hind leg.)
@. Lower Burma. Long. 5 mm.
Head.—Vertex small, prominent, with a few bristly hairs : eyes
contiguous for a moderate distance, the facets of the lower third
much smaller. Antennze pale yellow, with a few bristles and nearly
straight arista. Face bluish grey, palpi black. Lower side of
face with some long black hairs. Back of head grey encircled
with a row of irregular bristly hairs of different lengths.
Lhovax.—Rich shining brown with a semi-livid tinge towards
the sides in front; sides with bluish grey reflections. Scutellum
concolorous, with a row of minute black bristles on posterior border.
Dorsum of thorax with scattered minute black bristles.
A bdomen.—First joint pale yellowish with a few black hairs and
bristles ; remainder shining black. Dorsum of second with a slight
1909. | | Records of the Indian Museum. 423
pale yellowish tinge ; whole abdomen with black bristly hairs. Belly
black, pale yellow at base; genitalia black, hairy, apparently in
three pieces, moderately prominent.
Legs.—Pale brownish yellow, posterior coxee shining brown,
middle femora brownish except at base and tip, hind femora with
distal half dark brown; hind tibie dark brown, hind metatarsi
much thickened. All the legs shortly pubescent, the hairs being
softer and longer below the femora and shorter and more bristly
on the tibiz (especially the hind pair) and tarsi.
Wings.—Clear, with three distinct broad dark brown bands from
the costa towards the hind margin : the first beginning at the basal
cross-veins, filling one-half of the basal cells, and one-third of the
anal cell, thence disappearing; the second is rather narrower
and in exactly the middle of the wing, reaching from the costa
almost to the hind border but leaving a narrow clear margin ; this
band encloses the inner cross-vein and nearly fills the basal half
of the discal cell; the third is joined on the costa to the second
by the stigma, extends nearly to the tip of the wing, leaving a
narrow clear margin, and reaches the posterior border, filling the
whole of the second, third and fourth posterior cells. Stigma very
dark brown, filling all the cell as far inwards to just above the
origin of the third longitudinal vein. MHalteres rather long and
prominent, pale yellow; clubs black, elongated.
Described from a perfect unique specimen taken by Dr.
Annandale on the Dawna Hills (2—3,000 ft.), 2—3-iii-o8. In the
Indian Museum collection. A very distinct species, and with the
appearance of a Chrysopilus.
LEPTIS, Fab.
Leptis apicipennis, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 7, wing.)
®., 7Assam. .. Long. 6 mm.
Head.—F rons and face grey dusted, with a large, shining black,
inverted heart-shaped tubercle in the middle, and extending on
each side to the eyes. Ocelli reddish tawny, semi-transparent,
situated on the extreme vertex. First antennal joint bright
tawny (rest absent). Proboscis shining chestnut-brown, bare,
grey dusted at sides. Palpi large, tawny brown, hairy. Back
of head semi-circular, with a weak, irregular fringe of short pale
hairs.
Thorax.—Dorsum brown, moderately shining, sides dark grey-
ish. Scutellum yellowish tawny, with a very few short irregular
black hairs.
Abdomen.—Tawny with scattered pale hairs: with a black-
ish brown, dorsal, wide, irregular band which occupies the whole
of the last two or three segments ; and with a blackish irregular
line on the sides of the abdomen.
424 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Leptide. [Vor II,
Legs.—(Middle pair wanting.) Tawny yellow, fore tibie
yellowish white ; hind tibie rather brownish, paler towards tip ;
tarsi tawny brown.
Wings.—Pale grey. A moderately dark brown apical spot
begins on the costa in a straight line with the fork of the third longi-
tudinal vein, extends thence to the tip of the wing, and posteriorly
until it fills half the first posterior cell, also the whole of the second
posterior cell, and then, by bending slightly outwards, the greater
part of the third posterior cell.
A brown streak also begins at the inner cross-vein, -passes
over the basal part of the discal cell, passes longitudinally through
the fourth posterior cell, nearly filling it, and spreading over part
of the fifth posterior cell also; and on attaining the border, ex-
tending each way, meeting on one side the hind part of the apical
spot, and extending on the inner side towards the anal lobe of
the wing. No distinct stigma. Halteres tawny yellow.
Described from one @ in the Indian Museum collection from
Margherita. It is in fair condition, except for the absence of part
of the antennee and the middle legs.
N.b.—As Walker’s two species of Leptis prove to belong to
the genus Chrysopilus (decisa and impar), there now remain in
this genus only Osten Sacken’s umiguttata, and my new one.
Macellopalpus fulvidus, mihi, sp. nov.
(Id. id., Bigot, nom. nud.)
(Plate xii, fig. 8, 2, head in profile.)
2. Assam. Long. 10 mm.
Head.—Frons with a deep vertical central groove, terminat-
ing before reaching the vertex, on which the three brownish yellow
ocelli are very prominent. Frons, just above antenne, grey dus-
ted, the remainder of it shining black, quite smooth. Face below
antenne, and cheeks, grey dusted. Antennz brownish yellow,
third joint darker, with long arista. Proboscis light brown (tip
broken off): palpi blackish brown, lighter at base. Eyes black,
facets of uniform size. Back of head bluish grey with fringe of
yellow hair, which behind the vertex is replaced by two or three
irregular rows of stout black bristles.
Thorax.—lLight brown, with sparse, short hair. Sides with
a slight yellowish tinge; metanotum lighter. Scutellum light
brown. (Though in the unique type the scutellum is bare, there
are traces of it having borne bristles along the posterior border ;
and others, to a less extent, on the dorsum.)
Abdomen.—light brown, nearly bare; posterior borders of
segments narrowly blackish. Belly light brown with a central
blackish stripe.
Legs.—Missing, except the coxe, and the femur and tibia
of one hind leg. All these are uniformly light brown, the femur
having a very narrow black ring at the base.
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 425
Wings.—Pale yellow, costal border darker yellowish brown ;
stigma brown, distinct. Halteres light brown, with a black spot
on upper side of knob.
Described from one specimen in the Indian Museum collec-
tion from Sibsagar, in fairly good condition except as regards the
legs. Bigot’s description of his flaveolus is very short, and would
apply to the present species, but as he marked fulvidus himself
as a new species I presume it to be distinct.
N.B.—I am very strongly of opinion that Macellopalpus is
synonymous with Leptipalpus, Rond. (1850), and that Heliomyia,
Dol., is another synonym, but I allow Macellopalpus to stand until
the o is known (I have seen no mention of this sex).
It resembles Leftis in the large palpi, and Chrysopilus in the
closed anal cell. If the o is found to have long, thin palpi
as in ferruginea, Wied. (o@), the three species C. ferruginosa, Wied.,
M. flaveolus, Big., and my fulvidus, would form a natural group,
which would be the Heliomyia of Doleschall, erected for his ferru-
ginea (= ferruginosa, Wied.).
The re-establishment of Heliomyia was hinted at by Osten
Sacken (Ann. Mus. Gen., xvi, 421), and he also suspected that his
Chrysopila lupina was congeneric with Wiedemann’s species.
The only specimen of ferruginosa, Wied., that I have seen is
a perfect @ taken by myself at Batavia, 5-vii-o6; and in this
the spatulate palpi seem to separate it from the other species of
Chrysopiius, and to approximate it to Macellopalpus.
Osten Sacken claimed that Schiner was wrong in placing ferru-
ginosus in Chrysopilus, as although the o has the long thin palpi
characteristic of the genus, the spatulate palpi of the ¢ makes the
species an abnormal one, and is a sexual character only.
On the other hand, if Leptipalpus has long thin palpi in the a
and Macellopalpus is found to have the same, the former name
must be adopted, and in that case the full synonymy of the genus
and species would be as follows :—
LEPTIPALPUS, Rond., 1850, Nuov. Ann. d. sci. Bolog., ii, 183.
Heliomyia, Dol., 1857, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., xiv, 402.
Macellopalpus, Big., 1886, Bull. So. Ent. Fr., xlviii.
I. ferruginosa, Wied. (Leftts 1d., Zool. Mag., iii; Dip. Ex., i;
and Auss. Zwei.,i, 224. Heliomyia ferruginea,
Dol., Joc. cit. ante, pl. vii, 5.)
2. flaveolus, Big.,1886. (Macellopalpus id., Big., loc. cit. ante.)
waigiensis, Big., 1887 (? Leptipalpus), Bull. So. Zool. Fr.,
xii, 108.
4. fulvidus, mihi, sp. nov. (Macellopalpus id., Big., nom. nud.)
Qo
Leptipalpus waigiensis, Big.
Placed by the author provisionally in this genus, the head
in the type specimen being in bad condition. I have not seen the
species mentioned since,
426 E. BRUNETTI: Oviental Leptide. Vor. If,
Rondani, in erecting the genus in 1850, noted its intermediate
character between Leftis and Chrysopilus, having the palpi and
antenne of the former, with the venation of the latter.
Ul
CHRYSOPILUS, Macq.
Of Oriental species this genus is the best represented in the
family, as, including two species of Walker’s, removed here from
Leptis, one new species each by Herr Meijere and Prof. Bezzi, and
seven new ones herein described, the total number now amounts to
nineteen.
To draw up a satisfactory table of species is very difficult but
the following may serve for the present, and at any rate it will
show the relative positions of my new species. I have found it
impossible to include Walker’s two species, maculipennis and
guttipennis, owing to the lines on which I have drawn up my table,
as from his descriptions of the wings it is not obvious whether
they would come in my group A or AA.
Of maculipennis he says, “‘ Wings limpid, with three irregu-
lar brown bands; second and third bands broad, connected,
adorned with several limpid spots, veins black.’’
Of guttipennis he says, ‘‘ Wings ample, blackish brown,
limpid towards the base and with several limpid spots, some of
which are confluent, and form a band across the middle; veins
black, vellowish at the base; halteres yellowish, with a black
sub-apical band.’’
Table of spectes.
A Wings either distinctly and darkly
mottled (Zyrypeta-like) or uni-
formly dark brown. Long. 3
to 5 mm.
Wings mottled.
Upper fork of the fourth longitudi-
nal vein, emerging with it from
the upper outer corner of discal
cell as well-separated veins:
outer side of discal cell forming
a distinct angle. Long. 3 mm. albopictus, mihi, sp. nov.
CC Above veins emerging practically
together from extreme upper
corner of discal cell ; outer side of
discal cell straight. Long. 4 mm. marmoratus , mihi, sp. nov.
BB Wings uniformly dark brown not
at all mottled: above veins issue
as in albopictus, outer side of
discal cell with an angle. Long.
5 mm. - .. luctuosus, mihi, sp. nov.
AA Wings never mottled nor dark
brown. Hither pale grey
Ow
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum, 427
yellowish or clear, with or with-
out more or less distinct cross-
bands or apical suffusions.
D Second posterior cell enlarzed,
and enclosing a very opalescent
oblong spot. Long.7mm. .. vacillans, Wlk.
DD Second posterior cell (presuma-
bly) normal.
Cross-band (or bands) on wing
with well-defined margins.
Apical border of wing clear, two
distinct cross-bands. Long
7-8 mm. .. . correctus, Os. Sac.
FF Apical border of wing darkened,
inner cross-band incomplete or
indistinct. Long.7-8mm. .. lupinus, Os. Sac.
EE Cross-band (or bands) on wing with
ill-defined margins, generally
indistinct or absent.
G_ Black species.
I. Wings pale grey, with
brownish band. Long.
ro} mm. .. segmentatus, mihi, sp. nov.
2: Wines unmarked, except
for the stigma. Long.
6 mm. : . sautert, Bezzi.
3. Wings cinereous, apical halt
brownish, Long. 7mm. tmpar, Wik.
GG Yellowish, brownish or tawny
species.
H_ Stigma blackish brown.
1. Abdomen tawny, with fer-
ruginous marks; wings
yellow, mixed with grey,
tip infuscated. Long.
8 mm. : ferruginosus, Wied.
2. Abdomen tawny, with three
black bands ; black and
stylate towards tip.
Long. Io mm. .. stylaius, Wik.
3. Abdomen light brown,
centre segments lighter ;
wings brownish, no yel-
low fore border ; under
side of face deeper than
in ferruginosus. Long.
6 mim. . simplex, Melj.
4. Abdomen cylindrical,
tawny brown; segments
with black posterior
428 E. Brunetti: Ovtental Leptide. [VoL. II,
borders. Long. 10-11
mm. vs .. fratey, mihi, sp. nov.
Abdomen conical, bases of
segments _ blackish.
Long. 54 mm. .. umcoloy, mihi, sp. nov.
6. Abdomen slender, tawny
posterior borders, first
three segments with dor-
sal band, and the greater
| part of remaining seg-
ments blackish. Wings
clear, stigma dark brown.
Long. 6 mm. .. stigma, mihi, sp. nov.
HH Stigma honey yellow (imsularis) or
(presumably) not distinctly
dark (decisa).
Mainly yellow. Long. 8 mm. .. msularts, Sch.
Mainly black. Long. 9 mm. .. decisus, Wlk.
N.B.—C. ferruginosa, Wied., may require removing to another
genus. _(Vzde Note under Macellopalpus fulvidus.)
ion
C. albopictus, mihi, sp. nov.
| (Leptis albopicta, Bigot, nom. nud.)
(Plate xii, fig. 9, wing.)
@. Assam. Long. 3 mm.
Head.—Wholly black, front about one-fourth width of head ;
a vertical indentation just above antenne, with slight greyish
tomentum. Antenne, proboscis and palpi tawny yellow.
Thorax.—light tawny brown. Sides sublivid. Scutellum
concolorous, with some longish hairs on posterior part.
A bdomen.—Dark brown, conical, posterior borders of segments
lighter. Belly dark brown.
Legs—Tawny yellow; femora and coxe brighter; tarsi
darker.
Wings.—Moderately dark brown, with pale grey patches that
take the form of three irregular light bands, commencing at, or just
below the costa; of which the first begins just beyond the stigma
and terminates posteriorly on reaching the fork of the third longi-
tudinal vein ; the second crosses the middle of the discal cell and
attains the hind border; the third crosses the second basal and
the anal cell, and is merged in the light colour of the base of the
wing. ‘The centres and hind borders of the posterior cells are
also pale grey. The upper fork of the fourth longitudinal vein
emerges from the upper corner of the discal cell as two separate
veins ; the outer side of that cell forming a distinct angle. Stigma
dark brown, proportionately large, and there are traces of yellow
just before it and also in the basal cells. Halteres brownish yellow.
1909. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 429
Described from a specimen in fairly good condition inthe Indian
Museum collection from Margherita (middle pair of legs wanting,
but are probably coloured like the rest). Quite a distinct species
from all others except marmoratus.
N.B.—Walker’s guttipennis must be near this. species, but
appears distinct, and is larger.
C. marmoratus, mihi, sp. nov.
(Leptis marmorata, Bigot, nom. nud.)
(Plate xii, fig. Io, wing.)
ao, Assam. Long. 4 mm.
Head.—Vertex much elevated, light brown, the ocelli well
separated and very distinct, semi-transparent, with black centres.
Eyes light chestnut-brown, upper facets rather large, lower ones
very small and much darker brown. Eyes contiguous almost
down to the antenne, the frons receding so much as to be invisible ;
the inner sides of the eyes (seen from in front), also the face below
the antennz, blackish grey. Antenne, proboscis and palpi brown-
ish yellow.
Thorax.—Moderately dark brown, with sparse gold-yellow
hairs on dorsum ; slightly paler at sides, and with concolorous
scutellum and metanotum, the former bearing some moderately
long brownish hairs.
A bdomen.—Dark brown ; second segment, and posterior border
of first segment lighter. Belly brown. Whole abdomen lightly
covered with brownish hairs.
Legs.—Coxe light brown. ‘The single leg of the (unique) type
(fore leg) is concolorous.
Wings.—Rather dark brown, with pale grey spots, of which
the clearest is an oval one just beyond the stigma, reaching from
the costa to the fork of the third longitudinal vein. Below this
spot, follows a spot in each of the first, second and third posterior
cells. There is a small one in the centre of the discal cell, which,
with a small one in the fourth posterior cell and a large one in
the fifth posterior cell, form a row. A small spot is at the
tip of the marginal cell, and a larger one at the tip of the sub-
marginal; whilst the whole posterior border of the wing is pale
grey, spreading out somewhat in the cells and in the axillary cell.
The veinlets forming the upper fork of the fourth longitudi-
nal vein emerge practically together from the upper corner of the
discal .cell, the outer side of which is practically quite straight
Halteres light brown with large blackish brown knobs.
Described from one specimen from Sadiya in the Indian.
Museum collection in fairly good condition, except for the
absence of nearly all the legs. I, however, do not hesitate to
describe it, as it shows by its mottled wings its distinction from
all other Eastern species except albopictus.
430 E. BRuNETTI: Oriental Leptide. [VorL. 1k
C. luctuosus, mihi, sp. nov.
(Athertx id., Bigot, nom. nud.)
a”. Assam. Long. 5 mm.
Head.—Vertex, frons and face blackish ; antennz dark brown-
ish yellow ; proboscis and palpi blackish. Back of head black-
ish, with rather long greyish hair at the sides and below. Eyes
bright brown, lower facets much smaller than upper ones.
Thorax.—Mouse colour, nearly bare. Scutellum concolorous
with a row of long hairs on posterior border.
Abdomen.—Dark brown, with some yellowish grey pubes-
cence. Belly, dark brown.
Legs.—Coxee dark brown, with brownish grey hair; femora
and tibiz light brownish yellow, with sparse hair on under side
of femora, and a row of minute bristly hairs on outer side of hind
tibize ; tarsi brownish yellow, tips black.
Wings.—Anterior half rather dark brown, the colour gradu-
ally fading away posteriorly to the pale brown hind border.
Mediastinal cell, nearly to its tip, darker brown, no separate stigma.
Upper fork of fourth longitudinal vein issues as two separate veins
from the discal cell, the outer side of*which thus contains a dis-
tinct angle. Halteres pale yellow, knobs black.
Described from one o@ in the Indian Museum collection from
Margherita (slightly damaged, but with the specific characters
sufficiently distinct).
C. segmentatus, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 11, abdomen; 12, wing.)
o. Nepal. Long. Io mm.
Head.—Vertex jet-black, prominent; ocelli small, equidis-
tant, whitish. Eyes very large, occupying practically the whole
of the head, lower facets much smaller than upper ones. Whole
of face grey dusted. Antenne tawny. Proboscis large, shining
brown, lower part grey dusted ; palpi dark brown with some hair.
Back of head grey dusted, studded with black hairs.
Thorax.—Dorsum and sides dark blackish brown. Two narrow,
longitudinal, yellowish grey stripes on dorsum, dividing the sur-
face into three equal parts, and a silvery grey reflection on the
sides, behind the wings (seen from behind). Humeral calli light
yellowish brown.
Abdomen.—Shining black, the segments well separated, with a
telescopic appearance. Posterior border of first segment shining
steel-blue-grey ; second wholly black; rest of segments, seen in
certain lights, steely aénous, highly shining, with a dull jet-black
moderately wide posterior border.
The whole abdomen moderately thickly clothed with soft black
hairs.
1909. |] Records of the Indian Museum. 431
Legs.—Blackish brown; base of hind femora, tips of four
anterior femora, and the anterior tibize wholly, pale tawny brown.
. Wings.—Pale grey; stigma brown but ill-defined, elongated
and spread over both mediastinal and sub-costal cells, and from
this stigmatic spot, a brownish grey band proceeds posteriorly,
rapidly narrowing, and disappears on reaching the outer cross-
vein, thus forming what at a short distance appears to be a brown
triangular cloud, darkest in front. The lower branch of the upper
fork of the fourth longitudinal vein issues from below the middle
of the outer side of the discal cell which latter has the appearance
of having the upper outer corner cut off by the upper branch.
Described from one @ in perfect condition in the Indian
Museum collection from Gowchar (Nepal). A very distinct and
handsome species.
N.B.—Prof. Bezzi’s new species (sautert, 7 2 ) from Formosa,
Takao, 15-iv and I1-v-07, falls next to segmentatus in my table,
but is of quite a different type to all the other species herein men-
tioned, belonging to the aureus, Mg., group of European species,
to which group I can refer no species from a truly Orientai locality.
Probably Formosa, and the whole of China also, belongs to the
Palearctic Region.
C. frater, mihi, sp. nov.
(% 9, Leptts punctum, Big., nom. nud. in litt.)
@”. Tenasserim. Long. 10-II mm.
Head.—Vertex and frons black; antenne brownish tawny,
proboscis and palpi tawny ; face below antenne grey: lower facets
of eyes slightly smaller than upper ones. Back of head greyish,
with white hair behind the eyes, but absent behind the vertex.
Thorax.—Light tawny brown, nearly bare; lower portion
at the sides nearly livid. Scutellum concolorous, with traces of
being covered with short hairs.
Abdomen.—lL ight tawny brown with yellowish grey pubes-
cence, and some black hairs intermixed. Posterior borders of seg-
ments. narrowly black, the colour being rather broader on the
last segments. Black hairs adorn the borders of the segments
and the tip of the abdomen. Belly similarly marked.
Legs.—Tawny ; coxe with some gold-yellow hair in front ;
tibiee mouse-colour, becoming dark brown towards tips ; tarsi dark
brown.
Wings.—Yellowish grey ; apical portion from just before the
end of discal cell rather grey, this colour extending slightly along
the posterior border. The veinlets of upper fork of the fourth
longitudine! vein issue contiguously from extreme corner of dis-
cal cell, the outer side of which is quite straight. Stigma dark
brown, oval, distinct. Costal cell yellowish. Halteres vellow,
knobs brown.
Described from two examples in fair condition from ‘Tenas-
serim, in the Indian Museum collection.
432 E. Brunetti: Oriental Leptide. [Vo.. II,
N.B.—In general appearance considerably like ferruginosa,
Wied.
A @ in the above collection may be the other sex of this
species ; it is labelled Leptis punctum, Big., which is probably only
a nomen nudum.
C. unicolor, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 13, wing.)
oo. -Assam. Long; 5° mm:
Head.—Vertex very small, raised, dark brown, ocelli shin-
ing, brownish white, semi-transparent. Face grey dusted; an-
tenne, proboscis and palpi bright tawny brown. Upper two-
thirds of eyes rich brown, with large facets; lower third black,
with very much smaller facets.
Thorax.—Dorsum, sides and scutellum bright tawny brown,
with scattered gold-yellow hairs, and with black hairs on the
scutellum.
Abdomen.—Concolorous ; bases of segments (except first and
second) narrowly brown; the whole abdomen covered irregularly
with black hairs, including a row on the posterior border of every
segment. Belly concolorous, with black hairs.
Legs.—(Fore pair, except coxee, missing.) Uniforml, bright
tawny brown ; tarsi darker brown. Legs practically bare.
Wings.—Pale grey, almost clear. Stigma distinct, but with
ill-defined edges. A very light brownish band extending from it
posteriorly, partly across the wing. Veins tawny brown. Hal-
teres tawny.
Described from one @ in good condition in the Indian Museum
collection, from Margherita.
C. stigma, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 14, wing.)
@. Lower Burma. Long. hardly 6 mm.
Head.—Vertex reduced to a very small elevated black triangle
on the angles of which are the three prominent ocelli. Eyes dark
reddish brown, contiguous for a considerable distance, the facets
much larger for a considerable space in front above the antenne,
and with a greenish black tinge and (in certain lights) a narrow
bright green horizontal stripe across the middle. Face much with-
drawn between the eyes; light grey above and below antenne. An-
tennee yellow, third joint blackish with some hairs and a rather
long arista, which is microscopically pubescent. Proboscis cine-
reous grey, lower part tawny yellow ; the palpi tawny yellow with
tips broadly black and hairy. A fringe of light hairs around the
eves, back of head light grey.
Thovax.—Greenish with a dorsal narrow brown stripe in front
and two small indistinct brown spots in middle of dorsum. Sparse
1909. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 433
yellow hairs over the whole dorsum. Sides of thorax cinereous
grey, yellowish at base of wing. Scutellum grey; centre with a
slight greenish tinge.
Abdomen.—Yellowish, first segments blackish grey, segments
2, 3 and 4 with a blackish, rather wide posterior border and dor-
sal stripe, remainder of segments blackish. Belly yellow, tip black-
ish. A few yellow hairs scattered over dorsum of abdomen ; black
hairs at tip. Genitalia bi-lobed, tawny yellow, with stiff black hairs.
Legs.—Coxee and femora pale yellow, with a few yellow hairs
near the tip, on under side of latter, and with generally distributed
microscopic black hairs. Tibiz blackish yellow, with microscopic
black hairs and some stronger bristles; tarsi similar, tips black.
Middle tarsi with two long spines at tip.
Wings.—Quite clear, stigma distinct, dark brown but with-
out well-defined limits, traces of a pale yellowish stripe towards
tip of wing. Inner cross-vein placed before one-fifth of the discal
cell; anal cell closed well before wing-border. MHalteres yellow,
knobs black.
Described from a single perfect ~ in the Indian Museum col-
lection, taken by Dr. Annandale, 2-iii-o8, at the base of the
Dawna Hills, Lower Burma.
N.B.—I have observed a character in the wings which may,
if constant, assist in determining the species.
The upper branch of the fourth longitudinal vein, forming
the upper side of the discal cell, forks in some species absolutely
on the extreme outer corner of that cell, the two veinlets spring-
ing simultaneously, the outer side of the discal cell being practi-
cally quite straight. In this group I find (rz) my new species
fratey ; (2) a specimen in the Indian Museum collection labelled
‘“‘Leptis pallidus, Bigot, sp. nov.,’’ but which agrees with Schiner’s
‘“insularis’’ except for the black third antennal joint and the
absence of white spots above the antenne; and (3) a @ in the
above collection which would be ferruginosa, Wied., except for the
long thin palpi, and for this venation, and which specimen I now
regard asthe probable @ of my frater, but which bears a label
‘“ Leptis punctum, Bigot, sp. nov.’’
A second group is formed by those species in which the
veinlets do not spring simultaneously from the corner of the
discal cell, but distinctly separately, the lower one sometimes from
the middle of the outer side of the discal cell, which side thus
always contains an angle. In (1) marmoratus, mihi, and (2)
luctuosus, mihi, the veins start close together yet quite distinctly
apart ; in (3) ferruginosa, Wied., (4) correcta, Os. Sac., (5) albopictus,
mihi, and (6) wnicoloy, mihi, the lower veinlet emerges from dis-
tinctly above the middle of the outer side of the discal cell, whereas
in the seventh and last species, simplex, Meij., this veinlet emerges
barely above the middle.
In group 3 is one species only ,—segmentatus, mihi,—in which
the veinlets separate so early as to appear as if the upper one had
cut off the upper corner of the discal cell.
434 E. BRuNETII: Ortental Leptide. [Vorstls
These distinctions may appear trivial, and, of course, may
not be consistent. In the plate, my first group is unrepresented,
but it may be easily recognised. The wing of my marmoratus illus-
trates the first division of my second group, the wing of my albo-
pictus illustrates the second division of the second group, and
Meijere’s figure of his semplex (Bijd. Dierk., xviii, pl. vill, fig. 15), the
third division of the second group. My third group contains only
my segmentatus. Iconclude this paper by a revised catalogue.
LEPTIDA.,
SURAGINA, WIlk., 1860.
Proc... Linn: .S0. Lond, iv, 110;
r.= illucens, Wik, 1860; loc: “cit; 110, “9:7. “Celebes:
signipennis, Wik., 1862, loc. cit., vi, 8, ? Gilolo.
ATHERIX, Meig., 1803.
Illig. Mag., ii, 271.
I. nigritarsis, Dol. , 1858, Nat. Tijd. Ned.
Ind., ‘xvii, 92 - Amboina.
2. limbata, Os. oe 1882, Berl. Ent. Zeits.,
XXvi, T00, 2 . Philippines.
—? Var. ; pl. xii, fig. 4 (wing).
3. labiata, Big., 1887, Bull. So, Ent. Fr.
Saige fF Ceylon.
4. calopa, Brun., sp. nov., @ De xii, fig.
2 (abdomen) ‘Tenasserim.
(Atherix calopus, Big., nom. nud. )
5. lanopyga, Brun., sp. nov., ?, pl. xii,
fig, 3 > (full ins.) =. ..«. Assam,
(Chrysopila id., Big., nom. nud.)
6, cincta, Brun., sp. nov.,.°,; pl. xii, fig,
I (wing) .. - ee Id.
7. metatarsalis, Brun., sp. nov., @, pl.
J
it, tes, 5 Aaerey and 6 ae
leg) Lower Burma.
LEPTIS, Fab., 1805.
Syst. Anttl., 69.
I. wuniguttata, Os. Sac., 1880, Ann. Mus.
Gen., xvi, 422, 0 .. Sumatra,
2. apicipennis, Brun., sp. nov., @, pl.
Xii, fig. 7 (wing) .. ws ~ Assan.
1909. ]
Records of the Indian Museum
435
MACELLOPALPUS, Bic., 1886.
Bull. So. Ent. Fr. (1886), xlviii,
(? Syn. Leptipalpus, Rond.)
flaveolus, Big., 1886, loc. a. ,2
fulvidus, Brun., sp. nov.,
fig. 8 (head, oe
_td., Big., nom. nud.)
, pl. xii,
(Id:
LEPTIPALPUS, Rond.,
1850.
Papua.
Assam:
Nuov. Ann. v. sci. nat., Bologna, ii, 183.
(? Heliomyia, Dol.)
(? Macellopalpus, Big.)
(?) waigiensis, Big., 1887, Bull. So. Zool.
jee Ap.ailp 108, g
CHRYSOPILUS, Mcq., 1826.
Rec. Trav. Soc. Sci. Lille, p. 82.
1657, roc. Winns: “So:
Lond., i, 15,0 (Leptis decisa)..
maculipennis, Wlk., 1857, loc. cit., i
118, 7 2 (Chrysopila 1d.)
decisus, WIk.,
vacillans, Wlk., 1859, loc. cit., iii, 89,
a Q a ae oe
N.B,—Vide Os. Sac., Ann. Mus. Gen., xvi,
4.
ae
Io.
Tek
impar, Wik? 186r,\loc: cit: vy, 2825 9
(Leptis)
guttipennis, Wlk., 1861, loc. he ,V, 282;
¢ (Chrysopila)
stylatus, Wlk., 1864, loc. cit., vii, Bone
Q (C. stylata) es
insularis, Sch., 1868, Dipt. Novara
Reise, 199, @ _ Dy
correctus, Os. Sac., 1882, Berl. Ent.
Zeits., XXvi, IOI, @ , fig. 2 (wing)
(correcta) ole a
simplex, Meijere, 71904, Bijd. Dierk.;
XVilil, 97, 7 :
sauteri, Bezzi, 1907, Ann. Mus. Hung. F
Vv, 564, a 9 53
albopictus, Brun., sp. nov., Bie Xi,
fig. 9 (wing)
(Leptis albopicta, Big., nom. nud. i
Waigee.
Malacca.
Borneo.
Aru Island
Papua.
B)
420, notes.
Batjan.
Id.
Mysol.
Nicobar Isles,
Philippines.
Java.
Formosa.
Assam.
436 KE. BRUNETTI: Oriental Leptide. [Vor II, 1909.
12. marmoratus, Brun., sp. nov., o@, pl.
xii, fig. Io (wing) ..« oN SSain;
(Leptis marmorata, Big., nom. nud.)
13. luctuosus, Brun., sp. nov., 7 .. ld.
(Atherix vd., Big., nom, nud, )
TAs segmentatus, Bein sp: m0v., o pl:
xii, fig. II (abd.) ; 12 (wing) Nepal.
15. frater, Brun., sp. nov., 7 .. Tenasserim.
(9? Leptis punctum, Big., nom. nud.)
16. unicolor, Brun., sp. nov., o, pl. xii,
fig. 13 (wing) a a azissaii,
17, stigma, Brun., sp. nov., 7$ pl. xii, fig.
14 (wing) .. a .. Lower Burma.
N.B.—The above are most certainly true species of Chrysopilus.
I am indebted to Mr. C. O. Waterhouse for the examination of
Walker’s types, thus enabling me to definitely place them in this
genus,
18. ferruginosus, Wied. ( ? 1823), Zool.
Mag., iti, 4 (Lepizs td.) -. Java, Borneo,
Celebes, Ter-
nate.
(Heliomyia ferruginea, Dol., Nat. Tijd.
Ned. Ind.,. xiv,:402,>pl. vii,
fig. 5.)
N.B.—This species may require the erection of a new genus
and may be congeneric with lupinus, O.S. Vide note under
Macellopalpus fulvidus.
19. lupinus, Os. Sac., 1880, Ann. Mus.
Gen., xvi, 420, @ (lupina) .. Sumatra.
SL TVe] REYES ED AND ANNOTATE D CAT A-
LOGUE 2OF22OR TENTIAL BOMBYLIDA
Wel te Or See REPL ONS OF NEW” SPE
ClES.
By E. BRUNETTI.
The object of the present paper is mainly to revise the species
of the sub-family Anthracineg, by placing them in their correct
genera, and to describe a number of new ones which are to be found
either in the Indian Museum, the Pusa collection, or my own.
These new species all appear very distinct from all previously
described, otherwise I would not have ventured to establish them.
To these descriptions I have ventured to add some redescriptions
of a few species of the older authors (mainly Walker’s), which, on
account of their brevity, are not easily recognisable.
As regards the disposition of the species in the various genera,
Van der Wulp’s Catalogue gave twenty-one and forty-six species
respectively, under Exoprosopa and Anthrax, besides six under
Argyrameba, thus ignoring the genus Hyferalonia altogether. To
my surprise I find this latter genus also ignored in the new Palzearc-
tic Catalogue, for tantalus, F, a true Hyperalonia, is placed under
Exoprosopa. It is certainly a valid genus, as admitted and re-
characterised by Osten Sacken in the Biologia Cent. Amer. (i, 78),
and Prof. Bezzi admits it in his recent notes on this group (Zeits.
Eyim:-u. -Dipt.;-1908, pt.1, -p.-26)., In the=present paper I have
included under this genus all those species with four submarginal
cells, having had no means of testing them on the other characters
proposed by Osten Sacken ; still, this character in itself is of generic
rank.
Of Van der Wulp’s twenty-one species of Exoprosopa, thirteen
belong to Hyperalonia, and of the remainder, two (dinotata, Mcq.,
and ceruleopennis, Dol.) are synonymous ; the former with Exopro-
sopa collaris, W., and the latter with Hyperalonia tantalus, F.
Of Van der Wulp’s forty-six species of Anthrax, I refer six to
Hyperalonia, and seven each to Exoprosopa and Argyrameba, leav-
ing seventeen as approved species of the genus (sensu stricto) ; two
additional ones being synonymous (carbonaria, Wik. = Argyrameba
bipunctata, F., and trimaculata, Wulp = Argyrameba distigma, W.,
var.). Of the residuum of seven species, I refer in a special note to
one (emarginata, Macq.), leaving six of which it has been impossible
to obtain sufficient information to place them generically.
Van der Wulp’s four species of Argyrameba remain in that
genus.
My thanks are due, and are hereby tendered to Mr. EK. EK. Austen
of the British Museum, through whose kindness in examining the
438 E. BRUNETII: Oriental Bombylida, [Vo1.-28,
types in that Institution, I am enabled to place in their correct
genera a number of Walker’s Species, these species being noted
under each genus in question.
In the case of two species (aperta, Wlk., and manifesta, Wk.)
which have been compared by Mr. F. M. Howlett with the British
Museum types, I have, as the specimens appear to agree well
with the descriptions, accepted the identifications. _
After obtaining a more or less reliable generic classification,
the much more difficult problem of separating the species had
to be encountered, and it is to be regretted that, so far as this
paper is concerned, the carrying out of this task has been chiefly
comparative, analytical tables of the species being obviously
impossible without a more precise acquaintance with a larger
proportion of the species; Walker’s species being known to me
almost wholly from descriptions only. Therefore, as hereinafter
stated, my provisional ‘‘ grouping’’ of species in the genera
Hyperalonia, Exoprosopa and Anthrax must be received with a
certain amount of caution, and it must be understood that they
are not intended to represent natural affinities, being based almost
entirely on wing-markings. The reason of this is, that this character
is, in cabinet specimens (which are generally more or less damaged,
when of questionable antiquity), the most lasting one, being the
least affected by time, dust, mould, etc. Also it is the only
character mentioned by every author. Concerning the geographical
limits of this catalogue, the only dubious point is the inclusion of a
few species described from China. If these latter are from South
China, they may be regarded as belonging to the Oriental Fauna,
but if proved to occur in North China only, they must be elimin-
ated from this list and relegated to the Palearctic Catalogue.
N.B.—Yhe descriptions and redescriptions are placed all
together at the conclusion of the catalogue, and after these I have
given a supplementary list of those species which are known on
the confines of the Oriental Region (Turkestan, Persia, Arabia,
and Queensland). Any of these species might easily be met with in
the Oriental Region, whilst any of the Palearctic species may occur
in the Himalayas ; a list of these latter can be found in the recent
Palearctic Catalogue. I also add a list, probably not so complete
as it might be, of Bombylide, which have been described from
unknown localities, as some of these may prove to be Oriental.
Sub-Family ANTHRACIN &.
HYPERALONIA, Rond., 1864.
Archiv. per la Zool. Modena, iii, 1.
HYPERALONIA (revised generic characters), Os. Sac., Biol. Cent.
Am. ,.1,..89.
I. tantalus, F., 1794, Ent. Sys., iv, 260 (Anthrax).
Anthrax 1d., Wied., Auss. Zwei., 1, 255.
Id. id., Macq.; Dip., i, 401.
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 439
Exoprosopa 1d., Macq., Dip. Ex., ii, 1, 37 (315), 7 @.
id. ia. ats Pale Dip. ei. 16Q,
Hyperaloma id., Rond., Ann. Mus. Gen., vii, 453.
Anthrax ceruleopennts, Dol., Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., xiv,
AOO,- ply Axe 2%
Hyperaloma hyx, Bigot, nom. nud. (Ind. Mus. Coll.
syn., t. m.).
Type in Wiedemann’s collection.
Loc.—Tranquebar, Java [t. Wzed.]; India, China, Berlinhafen
(Papua) [all t. Wulp]; Borneo [t. Rond.]; Celebes [t. Os. Sac.];
Semarang (Java) in August [t. Mezjere]; Sikhim; Nepal (Kat-
mandu, Soondrijal); Assam (Sadiya, Sibsagar); Tenasserim
fall-9 9 in Ind. Mus. Coll., t.m.]; Sumatra [Coll. mtht].-. The
Palearctic Catalogue records it from Japan, under Exoprosopa.
2. chrysolampis, Jaen., Neue Ex. Dip., 36, pl.i, fig. 8 (Exo-
prosopa wd.).
Type in Frankfort Museum.
Loc.—Java [t. Jaen., Os. Sac.]; Moluccas [t. Wulp]; Sikhim ;
W. Himalayas (Bhim Tal, 4,500 ft.), 22—27-ix-06 [Annandale]
[all in Ind. Mus. Coll., t. m.]; Borneo (Kina Balu) [Coll. mihr].
N.B,—These two species are very closely allied, Jaennicke’s
‘ist joint of antenna red’’ applying to only two out of the eight
specimens of this species that I have seen. A constant distinctive
character is the colour of the hair at the base of the belly, which
I found quite white in seven specimens of ¢antalus, and distinctly
yellow in eight specimens of chrysolampts.
3. purpuraria, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. 3, 169, 2 (Anthrax
id.).
Loc.—Walker gives Java, but Van der Wulp gives only East
India.
4. confirmata, Wlk., 1861, Pr. Linn. So. Lond., v, 283, 7
(Anthrax id.).
Loc.—Batjan.
5. demonstrans, Wik., 1860, loc. cit., iv, 112, 9 (Anthrax 1d.)
Loc.—Macassar (Celebes).
6. fuscipennis, Mcq., 1850, Dip. Ex. Supp. 3, 33 (193),?,
pl. iii, a9 (Exoprosopa id.), wing.
T,oc.—Java.
7. tristis, Wulp, 1868, Tijd. Ent., xi, 107, #, pl. ili, 11, wing
(Exoprosopa).
Loc.—Timor; Tenmalai (S. Ind.), 22-xi-o8, at light [Annan-
dale].
N.B.—A black-winged species, with the tip quite clear. Very
distinct.
8. dives, Wlk., 1849, List Dip. Brit. Mus., ii
Loc.—sylhet. Type in British Museum.
240, oO.
d
440 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide, [Vor. IT,
N.B.—Wings dark brown at the base, and along the fore
border till near the tip, outline of colour regular and nearly parallel
to hind border.
9g. sphinx, F., 1787, Mant. Ins., ii, 329 (Bibio).
Fab., Syst. Antl., 126 (Anthrax).
Wied., Auss. Zwei., i, 258 (Anthrax).
Macq., Dip. .Ex:, 11;-1,.37- (315), 9.
Loc.—East India; West India and Ceylon; Trivandrum (S.
Ind.), 13-xi-08 [Annandale]. Type in Fabricius’s collection.
N.B.—I possess three specimens from Ceylon of what I have
identified as this species, of which two were taken by me at Colombo
I-vii-o4. The Pusa collection contains one from Bulsar (Bombay
Presid.), 20-v-04, and one from the neighbourhood of Bombay,
21-iii-05, the latter taken on seaweed.
10. albicincta, Macq., 1840, Dip. Ex., ii, 1, 38, 9, pl. xvi,
7, wing (Exoprosopa).
: Exoprosopa id., Sch. Reise Novara, 118.
Loc.—Shanghai [t. Sch.]. Type, in Paris Museum, from an
unknown locality.
11. latifascia, Wlk., 1860, Tr. Ent. So. Lond. (2nd series),
iv, 142 (Anthrax).
Loc.—China.
12. combinata, Wlk., 1860, loc. cit., 143 (Anthrax).
Loc.—China.
13. aurantiaca, Guérin, 1843 (?), Icon. du regne anim., iii
(Insectes), 539, pl. xcv, 6, a, b, c (Anthrax).
Loc.—Bengal.
N.B.—In two specimens undoubtedly of this species in the
Pusa collection (also from Bengal) the black dorsal abdominal
line is uninterrupted, and the wings are nearly uniformly tinged
with brown; whereas Guérin’s figure shows the former inter-
rupted, and the dark part of the wings clearly defined and con-
fined to the anterior half. As this author’s description is short
and not easily accessible I have redescribed the species at the end of
this catalogue.
14. suffusipennis, mihi, sp. nov., @.
Plate xii, fig. 15 (wing).
Loc.—India (Purneah Dist.). Type in Indian Museum.
I5. satyrus, F., 1775, Sys. Ent., 758 (Brbi0).
Anthrax satyrus, F., Ent. Syst., iv, 259.
Id. td., / Wied., Auss. Zwei., i, 322.
Exoprosopa id., Wulp, Tijd. Ent., xi, 106, o~ 2,
pl. ii, ro (full insect, coloured).
Loc.—Aru Island. Wiedemann repeats Fabricius’s localities
of New Holland and China,
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 441
16. devecta, Wik.,; 1861, Pr. Linn. So. Lond., v, 148, 9
(Anthrax id.).
Toc.—Amboina [t. Wlk.]; Key Ins. [Coll. mhz].
N.B.—At the end of the catalogue will be found notes on
the differences between this species and doryca, Boisd. From
a comparison of my named specimen of this species with Van
der Wulp’s description and plate of satyrus, F., the two appear
very closely allied, and I should not be surprised if they prove
identical.
17. doryca, Boisd., 1835, Voy. de 1’Astrol. Zool., ii, 665,
pl. xii, 12 (Anthrax).
Wulp, Notes Leyd. Mus., vii, 81 (Exoprosopa).
Os. Sac., Ann. Mus. Gen., xvi, 433 (Exoprosopa).
Anthrax ventrimacula, Dol., Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind.,
K1V50390) ple ixe a 9:
A. pelops, Wik., Pr. Linn. So. Lond., iii, 90, @.
Exoprosopa audouint, Macq., Dip. Ex., ii, I, 36,
@, pl. xvi, 1 (full insect and head in profile).
E. leucone, Jaen., Neue Ex. Dip., 37.
Loc.—Amboina [t. Dol., Wulp, Os. Sac.]; Papua (Mansinam,
xi, 1871) and Gilolo [t. Os. Sac.]; Timor [t. Wulf]; Waigee,
Aru [t. Wlk.] ; Moluccas [t. Jaen.]; Key Ins. [Coll. miha].
N.B.—The single example I have seen of this species agrees
exactly with Doleschall’s plate (ventrimacula, v. supra). It is
quite distinct from the two following species by the brown colour
of the wing being very narrow along the costa, leaving most of
the marginal cell clear, whilst a brown streak extends along the
3rd longitudinal vein, thinly filling the upper basal cell and leaving
the diseal cell wholly clear. Doleschall says it is 6 lines in length ;
my specimen is 16 mm., but most of the species vary considerably
in size. I have accepted the synonymy as given by Van der
Wulp, which seems to prove it a very variable species, as Walker’s
two descriptions of his ‘‘ pelops’’ (# and? ), Jaennicke’s Jeucone,
and Macquart’s plate of his audouint show important points of
difference. It therefore appears advisable to append a description
of the specimen I possess, named (by what authority, I have no
means of knowing) as doryca. As noted by Osten Sacken, this
species and the two next are closely allied, but I think the
brown colour in the wing not encroaching to the slightest extent
on the discal cell, will separate doryca from the other two, whilst
they may be divided by the yellow-haired belly in flaviventris, and
the white-haired one in @nomaus.
I append at the end of the catalogue a redescription of
this species.
18. flaviventris, Dol., 1857, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., xiv, 400
(Anthrax).
Loc.—Amboina [t. Dol.]; Lower Burma, Tenasserim [J7d.
Mus. Coll., t. m.|; Trivandrum (S. India).
442 E. BRUNETTI; Oniental Bombylide. [Vor. 18;
N.B.—With this species I have identified almost with cer-
tainty three @ @ in the Indian Museum (two from ‘Tenasserim
and one from Mergui in Lower Burma).
The under side of the abdomen is nearly wholly yellow-haired,
as described by Doleschall, but the brown colour of the wing crosses
the upper basal part of the discal cell, whereas Osten Sacken (Berl.
Ent. Zeits., xxvi, 112) says it should not encroach upon it.
Ig. cnomaus, Rond., 1875, Ann. Mus. Gen., vii, 453.
Loc.—Borneo (Sarawak) [t. Rond.]; Philippines [t. Os. Sack.].
Type in Genoa Museum.
N.B.—In the Indian Museum are three specimens which
appear to be this species (from Sikhim and Mergui), varying
in size from 9 to 17 millimetres, Rondani’s measurements being
18 mm. Both Rondani and Osten Sacken say, belly with ‘‘ yellow-
ish white” and “‘ yellow’’ pile, respectively, but in the above
examples it is only whitish ; moreover, the 2nd posterior cell is no
narrower at the distal than the proximal end (but is contracted
in the middle, as occurs in several species) ; and finally, the white
spots at the tin of the abdomen are four in number, and do not
resemble cross-bands. I still believe they are this species.
An undescribed ‘‘ sp. nov.’’ of Bigot’s in the Indian Museunt
(argyura: the ‘‘type’’ is headless and in bad condition, but
there are two other specimens, evidently of the same species,
one of which possesses a head) closely resembles @nomaus and
may represent the true form. In this the silvery white pile on
the abdomen tip is very brilliant, and takes the form of a broad
spot, extending over all the last three segments.
The pile on the belly is white, the 2nd posterior cell of unt-
form width, and the brown band on the wing is rather more re-
stricted and more clearly defined than in the specimens I have
identified as @nomaus.
20: obliqua,: Macq.,: 1840,° Dip. -Ex.; 11;.1; 37 (315), 2., pl
xvi, 8 (Exoprosopa).
Loc.—Timor. Type (?) in Paris Museum.
Notes on the genus HYPERALONIA.
It is quite impossible to separate, in any brief manner, the
above twenty species into groups, yet I fully believe they are all
or nearly all good species. On Mr. Austen’s information that they
possess four submarginal cells I have included under this genus
the following species of Walker: ‘‘ Anthrax’? confirmata, combt-
nata, devecta, demonstrans and latifascia. Of devecta I have since
found a named example in my own collection.
The wing-marks appear to me to be reliable characters, as
they have been found constant in specimens of the same species
examined by me. ‘The following species have been seen by me
either in the Indian Museum collection or my own: tantalus, F.,
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 443
chrysolampts, Jaen., devecta, Wik., doryca, Boisd., sphinx, F., auran-
tiaca, Guér., flaviventris, Dol., and @nomaus, Rond., to which I
add a new one quite distinct from all by the diffused spots on its
wing, vtz., suffusipennts.
Of the remainder, wing figures have been available of fusci-
pennis, Macq., tristis, Wulp, albicincta, Macq., satyrus, F., and
obliqua, Macq., and of these, tvistis and obliqua are quite distinct
from all others; devecta, Wlk., and satyrus, F., seem to me to be
allied.
Without considering the arrangement to in any way represent
natural affinities, I have, in my own mind, merely as a tempo-
rary convenience, grouped the species as follows, after much difh-
culty: (1) species with wings mainly dark brown or blackish,
with more or less purplish reflections (¢antalus to fuscipennis incl.) ;
(2) species with wings mainly very dark but with a limited clear
tip (évistis) or posterior margin (dives); (3) an intermediate
species with uniformly brown wings but not of such intensity as in
the first group (sphinx); (4) species with the wings never clear,
but with the anterior half (more or less) always much darker,
without any distinct line of demarcation between the dark and
light portions (albicincta to suffustpennis) ; (5) species with grey
or light brown wings with darker parts and with the costa and
principal veins streaked with yellow (satyrus and devecta) ; (6) an
intermediate species with mainly clear wings and a distinct
narrow dark anterior margin (doryca); (7) species with a nearly
or quite clear wing bearing the oblique dark baso-costal band
which is so common in this sub-family (faviventris and enomaus) ;
and, finally, (8) an isolated species with clear wings and an oblique
bilobed band (obléqua). Students must remember that this is
merely an artificial and temporary sequence pending the better
study of the affinities and limits of all the species.
EXOPROSOPA, Macq., 1840.
Dip. Hxs< li. 35.
I. pennipes, Wied., 1821, Dip. Ex., 1, 129 (Anthrax).
Wied., Auss. Zwei., i, 272 (Anthrax); Macq.,
Dip. Ex., ii, 1, 49 (Exoprosopa) ; Rond., Ann.
Mus. Gen., vii, 452 (Hyperalonia).
Loc.—Borneo [t. Rond.]; Karachi (India) and Assam [Ind.
Mus. Coll., t. m.]; Pusa (Bengal), on pear tree, 5-v-1906 [Pusa
Coll., t. m.].
Type in Westermann’s collection.
N.B.—This species is easily known from all others in the
genus by the dense black hair on the hind tibize. :
2. lar, Es 1761 op.-ins:, 11, 414 -(B2b10).
F,, Sys. Antl., 110; Wied., Auss. Zwei., i, 268
(Anthrax).
444 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide. [Voy..1f,
Loc.—Bengal [t. auct.]; Belgatchia (Calcutta), August 1906;
Bombay Presid., 21-iii-1905, on seaweeds [Pusa Coll.,t. m.]. Types
in the Fabricius collection.
3. latipennis, mihi, sp. nov., °@.
Loc.—Assam (Shillong). Type in Indian Museum.
N.B.—These three species can be separated from the others
in this genus by the practically wholly black or blackish brown
wings. In my species they are wholly black, whereas in pennipes
the extreme tip is clear, whilst in Jay the distal portion of the
posterior border is rather narrowly clear.
4. flavipennis, mihi, sp. nov., @.
Loc.—Bengal (Pusa), 19- iv-1907 [Pusa Coll., type], and Pusa,
25-v-1906 [Ind. Mus. Coll., co-type].
N.B.—Easily recognised from all other species by the closed
Ist posterior cell, in conjunction with the bright yellow wings.
5. flammea, mihi, sp. nov., 2.
Loc.—Bengal (Pusa) [type, Pusa, 17-iv-1907, Pusa Coll.],
Trivandrum (S. Ind.) [Imd. Mus.].
N.B.—This is the only other species except imsulata, Wik.,
with closed Ist posterior cell: it has clear wings with two brown
bands.
6. collaris, Wied., 1828, Auss. Zwei., i, 271 (Anthrax).
Anthrax ruficollis, Saund., Tr. Ent. So. Lond.
(2847) \- 41, = 50,-pl: v5, “(full ainscet oe
coloured).
Anthrax collaris, Wik., List Dip. Brit. Mus.,
li, 247, 2.
Exoprosopa binotata, Mcq., Dip. Ex. Supp., 5,
89, @.
Loc.——-Madras [t. Walker]; Central India [t. Saunders], India
[t. Macg.]; Bangalore, Trivandrum (both South India), Sahibganj
(Bengal) [Iud. Mus. Coll., t. m.].
Plate xii, fig. 16 (wing). Type in Vienna Museum.
N.B.—I have practically no doubt whatever as to the syno-
nymy given here, and the fact that Wiedemann’s type came ‘‘ prob-
ably ’’ from the Cape is not sufficient to discard the identity.
Saunders, in describing his ruficollis, gives an excellent coloured
plate which i is unmistakeable, and refers to its affinity to the older
author’s species, though iearing the descriptions of the wing did
not quite agree with his specimen. Wiedemann’ s description, how-
ever, appears exact enough ; his ‘‘ guttula’’ referring to the
very small sub-hyaline spot in the 2nd basal cell, adjoining the
very base of the discal cell; and this spot is referred to by
Macquart, in his binotata, as follows, ‘un point a la base de la
cellule discoidale.’”
Wiedemann’s ‘‘ excisura, apiceque limpidis ”’ is, of course,
correct, and etic Ss description also applies. Moreover I am
assured of the identity of this latter author’s binotata by his mention
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 445
of the small tuft of white hair on or just below the posterior cor-
ners of the thorax.
The three specimens (2 2) in the Indian Museum collection
agree well with all the descriptions ; the small subhyaline spot in
the 2nd basal cell is not always very clear, and the white tufts of
hair referred to are only visible in one specimen, whilst the conspi-
cuous, round white hairy spots on the 3rd abdominal segment
are easily effaced. The specimens, however, are absolutely uni-
form in the wing markings, and there is no doubt whatever of their
identity with Wiedemann’s species, although one of them bears
a label in Bigot’s handwriting ‘‘ Exop. bipunctata Macq.’’ It
is evidently an error for ‘‘ binotata, Mcq.,’’ as I cannot trace
that Macquart ever recorded a species as ‘‘ bipunctata.”’
7. lateralis, mihi, sp. nov., @.
Plate xii, fig. 17 (wing).
Loc.—Calcutta. [Type Ind. Mus. Coll.]
8. bengalensis, Macq., 1840, Dip. Ex., ii, 1, 49 (327), 2,
pl. xvili, 4 (wing).
Loc.—Bengal. Type (?) in Paris Museum.
Plate xii, fig. 18 (wing).
N.B.—A good series of this species (but in very indifferent
condition) in the Indian Museum collection shows that there is
a great tendency to appendiculation, and the presence of addi-
tional veinlets in the wings, this feature sometimes appearing in
one wing only. The species is at once recognisable from Mac-
quart’s plate, and seems rather a consistent one in other charac-
ters, and in size.
Q. -javana; Macq:, 1840, Dip. #x., i, 1, 49 (327), 2, pl:
XVili, 6 (wing).
Loc.—Java. Type (¢?) in Paris Museum.
Io. retrorsa, mihi, sp. nov., 2.
Loc.—Persia (Bushire). [Type, Ind. Mus. Coll.]
Plate xii, fig. I9 (wing).
Il. annandalei, mihi, sp. nov.
Plate xii, fig. 20 (wing).
Loc.—Lower Burma (Moulmein, 6-ili-1908). [Type, Ind. Mus.
Coll. |
12.2 alexon, Wik; 1849, List “Dip. Brit: Mus..\41, 246
(Anthrax), no sex given.
Loc.—East Indies. Type in British Museum.
N.B.—Van der Wulp’s catalogue gives East India both for
this and the next species, which is incorrect, Walker’s locality
being East Indies, which is quite different. He does not mention
the sex.
13. auriplena, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt.3, 171, 9
(Anthrax).
Loc.—-East Indies.
446 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide, [Vou II,
14. insulata, Wlk., 1852, loc. cit., 172, 9 (Anthrax).
octonotata, Big., nom nud. (Ind. Mus. Coll.).
Loc.—East Indies [t. Walker]; Nepal, various localities
[Ind. Mus. Coll. t. m.]; Mussoorie [Pusa Coll.].
Plate xii, fig. 21 (wing).
N.B.—This is essentially a variable species both in size and
in wing markings, the Indian Museum series ranging from 7
to 12 millimetres in length, all the specimens hailing from Nepal.
In the same collection is Bigot’s type of his octonotata (a nomen
nudum) which is, I feel convinced, only a varietal form of zmsulata.
In it the eight spots referred to are, presumably, (1) a distinct
oval spot on the tip of the 2nd vein, (2) on the base of the fork
of the 3rd and (3) at the junction of the veinlet joining this to the
2nd, (4) two small contiguous round ones (probably counted
as one spot only) occupying the cross-vein between the 4th vein
and its adjacent branch, one each at (5) the base of the lower
fork of the 4th vein, (6) the cross-vein uniting this to the 5th vein,
and (7) one on the base of the intermediate branch of the 4th vein,
finally (8) a dark but distinct spot-like suffusion spread over the
discal transverse vein and base of the 2nd vein, thus, on the dark
part of the wing but much darker. Moreover the Ist posterior
cell is closed distinctly before the border. This specimen is from
Dehra Dun (foot of the Mussoorie hills). A second specimen
of this variety (from Calcutta) shows the Ist posterior cell closed
almost on the border.
What I take to be the typical form of zusulata is shown in
plate xii, fig. 21, andin this the brown colour of the wings extends
further posteriorly and is darker, thus obliterating what I call
Bigot’s 3rd spot, but which can usually be perceived if examined
closely, and which is invariably present in individuals where
the brown colour of the wing is less extensive. The same remark
applies to the dark spot over the discal transverse vein, which
can invariably be discerned, being distinctly darker than the
brown colour which, nevertheless, always entirely surrounds it.
A principal difference between typical inmsulata and octonotata is
the presence of two very small spots on the fork of the 3rd vein,
also the spot that I call Bigot’s 4th is much larger, more irregu-
lar, and takes the form either of a single irregularly shaped spot,
two contiguous spots or three contiguous and merged spots. My
6th, 7th and 8th spots of Bigot are generally more enclosed by
the brown colour. In nearly all the typical specimens there is
a foreshortening of the branches of the 4th vein, or appendices
to one or more of them, all tending to prove the considerable range
through which this species may vary.
15. brahma, Sch., 1868, Novara Reise, 118.
Loc.—Ceylon.
Plate xii, fig. 22 (wing).
N.B.—Schiner does not mention the sex.
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 447
16. semilucida, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saunds., pt. 3, 170, 2
(Anthrax).
Loc.—East Indies.
17. basifascia, Wik., 1849, List. Dip. Brit. Mus., ii, 248
(Anthrax).
Loc.—Bengal. Type in British Museum.
N.B,.—Walker does not mention the sex.
18. albida, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saunds., pt. 3, 171, 2 (Anthrax).
Loc.—East Indies.
19. vitrea, Bigot, 1892, Ann. So. Ent. Fr., Ixi, 344, o.
Loc.—Pondicherry. Type in the Bigot collection.
N.B.—In the Pusa collection is a @ of what I have little
doubt is this species. The wholly clear wings are characteristic
of almost this species alone, in this genus; but in the present
specimen there is a large white tomentose spot towards each side
of the abdomen, spreading over the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th segments,
leaving the dorsum black. Bigot’s ‘‘ some vestiges of white
pile on the sides of the abdomen’’ is in accordance with this,
but I do not perceive the lateral reddishness on the Ist and 2nd
segments mentioned by that author.
Notes on the genus EXOPROSOPA.
Firstly I have to own indebtedness to Mr. E. E. Austen for
informing me of the correct place in this genus, of Walker’s
species alexon, albida, auriplena, basifascia, insulata, and semi-
lucida, all of which that author described under Anthrax.
Having seen only twelve out of the nineteen species of Exo-
prosopa given here, it is unsafe to attempt a tabular view of them,
but they seem to be separable into five fairly distinct groups.
I. Species with wholly black (or deep blackish brown) wings,
with at most an absolutely clear small spot at or near the tip.
These are the first three species, of which my Jlatipennis has abso-
lutely unmarked blackish brown wings, whilst pennies has a clear
wing-tip and long black hair on the hind tibie, and Jar is
distinguished by the wing being clear on the distal portion only
of the posterior border.
2. Species with a closed 1st posterior cell. These are my
two new species flavipennis, with almost wholly yellow wings,
and flammea, a fiery reddish orange species with clear wings and
two dark cross-bands.
3. An isolated species with clear wings and a broad scal-
loped dark band on the anterior half: E. collaris, Wied.
. Species with a pale grey, yellowish or clear wing, always
distinctly marked with a definite pattern, spots, bands, or the
oblique baso-costal band so prevalent in this sub-family. This
group may be considered to contain the typical species of the genus,
and to it belong also a good number of Palearctic and North
American species.
448 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide. [Vot. II,
In the present list all the species from lateralis to brahma
(inclusive) fall in this group.
5. Species with clear wings, or at most a very narrow, pale
yellowish anterior margin. The four last species belong here.
It should here be mentioned that in Van der Wulp’s Catalogue
he often quotes ‘‘ East India ’’ for species described by Walker
from the ‘‘ East Indies.’’
ARGYRAMCGBA, Sch., 1860.
Wien. Ent. Monats., iv, 51.
och. Aust. «1,252.
I. bipunctata, F., 1803, Syst. Antl., 118.
Wied., Auss. Zwei., i, 286.
Anthrax carbonaria, Wik., Ins. Saund., pt. 3,
173.
Loc.—Tranquebar [t. Wied.]; East India [t. Walk.]; Karachi,
Purneah District, Calcutta (all India) [Jnud. Mus. Coll. t. m.}.
Plate xii, fig. 23 (wing).
N.B.—For the synonymy of carbonaria, I have to thank Mr.
Austen. This species stands apart from all others by the uni-
formly dark brown wings.
2, aterrima, Doles , 1858, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., xvii, 93
(Anthrax).
V.d. Wulp, Tijd. Ent., xxiii, 165, pl. x, 9 (wing).
Anthrax proferens, Wlk., Pr. Linn. So. Lond.,
iv, I13,.¢:
Loc.—Amboina [t. Doles.]; Macassar (Celebes) [t. WdJR.];
Semarang in October, Batavia in July [both Java, t. Mezjere].
N.B.—In this species the distal half of the posterior border
of the wing is irregularly clear, the remainder being wholly black-
ish. In the remaining Oriental species of this genus, the wings
are principally clear, with a dark, oblique baso-costal band, with
or without other marks or spots.
3. melania, Wulp, 1885, Notes Leyd. Mus., vii, 84 (@?),
pl. v, 8 (wing).
Loc.—Java; Astrolabe Bay (Papua) [t. V. d. Wulp].
4 emissa, Wlk., 1864, Pr. Linn. So. Lond., vii, 233, ?
(Anthrax).
Loc.—North Ceram.
5. emittens, Wlk., 1861, loc. cit., v, 148, 2 (Anthrax).
Loc.—Amboina.
N.B.—Thanks to Mr. Austen’s kind examination I am able
to refer this species to this genus.
6. degenera, Wlk., 1857, loc. cit., i, 15, 7 9 (Anthrax).
Loc.—Singapore, Macassar,
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 449
N.B.—Three specimens in my collection (? 7 7) from Kandy
(Ceylon), taken October and November, 1907, are, I think, refer-
able to this species.
7. appendiculata, Big., 1892, Ann. So. Ent. Fr., 347,¢.
Loc.—Pondicherry. Type in Bigot collection.
8. fallax, Meij., 1907, Tijd. v. Ent. L., 244 (no sex men-
tioned).
Loc.—Semarang (Java) in January.
N.B.—Four specimens in the Pusa collection from Chapra
(Bengal) are either fallax or a new and closely allied species.
9. gentilis, mihi, sp. nov.,7 2.
(Id. 1d., Bigot, nom, nud.)
Ioc.—Bengal, Assam. Type in Indian Museum collection.
Plate xii, fig. 25 (wing).
10 distigma, Wied., 1828, Auss. Zwei., i, 309 (Anthrax)
(==9 ft, Os. Sack, B. -E.. Z., xxvi,
112); Macq., Dipt. Ex., ii, 1, 58 (336)
(Anthrax); V. d. Wulp, Notes Leyd.
Mus., vii, 83 (Argyrameba) ; td., Tijd.
Ents xxi, 160 = Ose Sack: Bak, Zs,
XXvi, 112 (Argyrameba).
Anthrax argyropyga, Doles., Nat. Tijd. Ned.
id. xy {On
Anthrax tripunctata, V. d. Wulp, Tijd. Ent.,
xi, 109, pl. iv, I (wing).
Anthrax trimaculata, V. d. Wulp, loc. cit., p.
IIo, pl. iv, 2 (wing).
Argyrameba consobrina, Big., nom. nud. (Ind.
Mus. Coll. t. m.].
Loc.—Java, Gorontalo, Celebes, Sumatra, Amboina, Salawatty,
Timor [all t. V. Wulf]; Nicobar Is. [t. Sch.]; Phil. Is., Papua,
[both t: Os. Sack.|;*Darjiling and Java [t. Me.]; Dehra Dun,
Lucknow, Purneah }ist., Bangalore, Calcutta (all India and all
@ @ of the trimaculata, V. Wulp, form) [Ind. Mus. Coll. t. m.];
Kandy, Calcutta, Jullundur (India), 5-v-1905, and Mindanao [Col/.
mihi]; Friedrich Wilhelmshafen and Erima, Astrolabe Bay (Papua)
[t. V. Wulp]; Semarang in August and Batavia in July [both
Java, t. Meztjere.|. The Pusa collection possesses a good series
extending from 27-iv to 8-vi, and again from 2I-vili to 30-x1,
the localities being Arrah, 13-ix-19g07, Thurla, 13-iv-1905, Chapra
(all Bengal); Allahabad, 27-x-1905 [Howlett], Bombay, iv-1905
(var. trimaculata).
Coquillett records it from Japan (under Spogostylum).
Type in Leyden Museum.
N.B.—I accept Herr Meijere’s synonymy as to tvimaculata,
V. d. Wulp, which form is the only one I have seen of the species.
It appears to be distributed all over the East and is very variable
in size (64 to 104 millimetres). A specimen in the Indian Museum,
450 E. BRUNETTI: Oviental Bombylide. [Voy. IT,
which was taken on board ship, ten miles from the coast, off —
Masulipatam (Madras), has the hyaline portion of the wings quite
clear, thus agreeing with one mentioned by Osten Sacken from
the Philippines (/. c. ante).
ET,..Semiscita, Wilk, 1857, Pr. Tann.:So: Wond.,.1. 120
(Anthrax).
Loc.—Borneo [t. Wik.]; Celebes [t. Os. Sack.].
12. varia, F., 1794, Ent. Sys., iv, 259 (Anthrax).
For good description see Sch. F. Aust., i, 54.
Loc.—Western Himalayas.
N.B.—This species has not before been recorded from the
East, but a specimen (9) taken by the Indian Museum Collector
at Bhim Tal (Kumaon District, 4,500 feet, 26-ix-19g07) is undoubt-
edly this species, which is a generally distributed Palearctic one.
13. instituta, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. 3, 183, 2 (Anthrax).
Loc.—East India.
14. carbo, Rond., 1875, Ann. Mus. Gen., vii, 453 (Anthrax).
Loc.—Borneo. Type (unique) in Genoa Museum.
N.B.—My thanks are due to Dr. R. Gestro of the above
Museum for kindly examining the type and supplying me with in-
formation enabling me to place the species in Argyrameba.
15. ceylonica, mihi, sp. nov.
Plate xii, fig. 24 (abdomen).
Loc.—Ceylon. Typein my collection. Trivandrum (S. Ind.),
xi-08 (Annandale) [Ind. Mus. Coll.].
16. niveisquamis, mihi, sp. nov.
Loc.—Baluchistan. Type in Indian Museum.
Notes on the genus ARGYRAMCGBA.
It is difficult to satisfactorily divide the species of this genus,
except by an exhaustive table of analysis, which in the present
case is impossible, as I have only seen a few of them. A. brpunc-
tata, F., and aterrima, Dol., are easily separated from all the rest
by the practically wholly blackish brown, unmarked wings. The
colour is less pronounced posteriorly and the wing has a small
clear space in aterrima. ‘The others, except ceylonica and nivei-
squamis, all have the very common oblique band on the base
and costa, more or less clearly cut, with or without additional
marks or spots. Two of the three new species that I introduce
(ceylonica and niveisquamis) have the usual appendix to the fork
of the 3rd longitudinal vein, also the pencil of hairs at the tip of
the antennal style, which also shows the bisection mentioned by
Osten Sacken (Biol. Cent. Am., i), but gentilis, though I place it
here, lacks the appendix and I do not perceive the bisection.
The closed anal cell will, however, easily distinguish it. I have
introduced most of Walker’s species on their own merits alone,
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum, 481
from their inclusion by that author with other species proved to
be of Argyrameba, because degenera, if I have correctly identified
it, is the only one of his I have met with myself.
ANTHRAX, Scop., 1763.
Hint. Carn: . 7358.
I, leucostigma, Wulp, 1898, Termes. Fiizet., xxi, 419, nom.
nov. for tevminalis, Wulp, preoc. Wied.
(1830), Auss. Zwei., ii, 639, for a Mexican
species.
terminalis, Wulp, 1868, Tijd. Ent., xi, 108,
pl. ili, 12 (wing).
Loc.—Halmaheira. Van der Wulp records two from Astrolabe
Bay, Papua.
N.B.—This species should be easily recognised from all others
except satellitia, Wlk., by its nearly wholly dark brown wings.
2.. Satellitia, Wlk., 1857, Pr. Linn. So. Lond., i, Ir9, o.
Loc.—Borneo.
N.B.—Incorrectly spelt satellita in Van der Wulp’s Catalogue.
This should be easily distinguished from J/eucosttgma by the black
spots on the clear part of the wing.
3. alta, 1704, Ent, Sys, iv, 258:~ sch. F. Aust.; i, 50:
fimbriatus, Mg. Klass. I, 205; Sys. Bes., ii, 154,
olscvil. 13:
sirius, Hoffsg., in coll. ap. Meig.
afer, auct.
Loc.—-East Indies [t. Macg.]; India and Burma; Senegal
and New Holland.
It is also a commonly distributed Palearctic species.
N.B.—I have taken this species myself at Jubbulpore, 15-xi-
1907; Poona, I9—27-xi-1907; Meerut, 25-iv-1905 ; Jhansi, I-iv-
1905 (all India). ‘The Indian Museum possesses it from the base
of the Dawna Hills (Lower Burma), Puri (Orissa, India), 2-iii-
1908; Gonda District (United Provinces, India), 26-ii-1907. The
Pusa collection has it from Allahabad, 5—19-x-1905 [Howlett] ;
Pusa, 23-v-1906 ; and Chapra (Bengal).
4. maura, L., 1761, F. Suec., 1785 (Musca). ee
N.B.—Two specimens, taken May or June 1893 at Naini Tal,
are in the Indian Museum (from the Lucknow Museum) and appear
to be this species, although showing a little variation in the wing
marking, the black colour being rounded off some distance before
the margin instead of attaining the posterior border in the 2nd
posterior cell, as in the normal form. ‘The two abdominal cross-
bands are of a pale greyish white hair instead of yellowish, the
cross-veins do not show any clear space or yellowish colour, the
black colour being unbroken except for a nearly clear spot in the
upper corner of the 2nd basal cell.
452 E. Brunertt: Oriental Bombylide. (Vou. I,
5. absalon, Wied., 1828, Auss. Zwei., i, 317.
Loc.—Wiedemann gave ‘‘ Ostindien,’’ which Van der Wulp
reduces to ‘‘ Java.’’ Types in Wiedemann collection and Copen-
hagen Museum. .
6. referens, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. iii, 189, @.
Loc.—East India.
7. eqngrua, Wik., 1860, Pr. Linn. So. Lond., iv, 112, ¢.
Loc.—Macassar.
8. duvaucelii, Macq., 1840, Dip. Ex., ii, 1, 63 (341), , pl.
Xx, 7 (wing).
Loc.—Bengal [t. Macg.|]; Purneah Dist. (India) [Ind. Mus.
Coll. t. m.]. Type (@) in Paris Museum.
N.B.—I took one @ at Cawnpore, I4-ix-1905, and there are
two oo in the Pusa collection taken at Chapra (Bengal).
g. troglodyta, F., 1775, Syst. Ent., 759 (Brbi0).
Wied., Auss. Zwei., i, 306.
Anthrax hyalina, Wied., Dip. Ex., i, 141; Id., Auss. Zwei.,
1,297; ld. sd., Wulp, Tijd: Eut.,° xxii;
165.
Anthrax lucens, Wik., Ins. Saund., pt. iii, 180.
Loc.—Java, East Indies [t. Wred.]; Java, Papua [t. Wulp];
East India [t. Wlk.]; Semarang (Java), one # in November [t.
Meijere]. Type in Fabricius’s collection.
10. hottentotta, L., var. nov. clavipennis, mihi.
N.B.—A 2 specimen of this common Palearctic species,
taken at Bhura, which is situated in the plains although in the
Naini Tal (Western Himalayas) district, 14—17-iv-1907, cannot,
I think, be separated specifically from this species.
The minor differences, I perceive, are: the wings are quite
clear, except the narrow mediastinal cell; the frons bears only
black hairs, except immediately above the antenne, and the hair
on the lower part of the face is yellowish white ; the 2nd abdo-
minal segment has a small reddish (ground-coloured) spot at the
sides; and the legs are covered more distinctly with yellowish
scales, which are nearly whitish on the basal half of the femora.
II. paniscus, Rossi, 1790, Faun. Etrus., ii, 276 (Bsbi0).
Loc.—Lower Himalayas. Naini Tal [Ind. Mus., taken by
Capt. Lloyd]; Mussoorie and Simla (both October 1906, taken by
Mr. Lefroy) [Pusa Coll.]; Mussoorie, 4-v-05 [Coll. mihi, taken by
me]. All the specimens are identified by me.
12. clara, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. iii, 179, 2.
Loc.—East India.
N.B.—Three specimens (I believe 7 @) undoubtedly of this
species are in the Indian Museum collection, one from Dehra
Dun (foot of the Mussoorie hills) and two from the Garhwal Dis-
trict, Western Himalayas (6,000 feet). ‘Iwo other very interesting
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 453
examples closely allied to clara but I think distinct are described
at the end of the catalogue, with a redescription of clara, of which
Walker considered a 5-line description sufficient.
13. antecedens, Wlk., 1860, Pr. Linn. So. Lond., iv, iii, 9
Loc.—Macassar.
N.B.—A ¢@ in the Indian Museum collection, captured at
Dehra Dun (foot of the Mussoorie hills) is named by Bigot as
this species. There is also a o from Chitlong (Nepal) and a 2?
from Bhim Tal (4;500 {t., Lower Himalayas), both in the same
collection, which are certainly of the same species as Bigot’s speci-
men, but I doubt the identity with antecedens, Wk.
It may be noted that Walker had previously used the name
antecedens (in his Dipt. Saund., p. 193) for a North American species.
As, however, that name is considered by Aldrich as synonymous
with Argyrameba (Spogostylum, Macq. apud Aldrich) limatulus,
Say., there is no necessity to change the name of the Oriental
species,
14. aperta, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. ii, 180.
Loc.—East India. Western Himalayas.
N.B.—In the Pusa collection and Indian Museum from Mus-
soorie, 7,000 feet, Oct. 1906 [Lefroy, Howlett].
I5. manifesta, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. ili, 178, @.
Loc.—East India.
N.B.—Mr. Howlett has taken it recently at Mussoorie, and
as he has compared both aperta and this species with the types at
the British Museum I have redescribed both species more fully.
16. fulvula, Wied., 1821, Dip. Exot., i, 148; ¢d., Auss.
EMC, 1304s
Loc.—Java. Type in Westermann’s collection.
17, dia, Wied., 1824, Analee. Ent., 23 ; 7d., Auss. Zwei., 1
203.
Loc.—Tranquebar. Type in Westermann’s collection.
J
18. limpida, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. ui, 179, @.
Loc.—East India.
19. lucida, Wlk., 1852, loc. cit., 179, @.
Loc.—East India.
20. leucopyga, Mcq., 1840, Dip. Ex., ii, I, 74 (352), pl. xx1,
I (wing).
Loc.—Timor [t. Mcq.}; India [t. m.]. Type in Paris Museum.
N.B.—To this species I refer, with but little doubt, three a o
taken by me at Jubbulpore (India), 15-xi-o7, and three @ 9. ( ?)
taken by me at Itarsi (Centr. Ind.), 17-xi-o7, and Poona (near
Bombay), 19—27-xi-07, all the specimens having been captured in
very dry long grass, on hot, dry days. There is a specimen in the
Pusa collection from Allahabad, taken by Mr. Howlett, 24-iii-1906.
454 E. Brunetti: Oriental Bombylide. [Vor II,
21. albofulva, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. iii, 182, o.
Loc.—East India.
N.B.—If I have identified this species correctly, it is a widely
distributed one throughout at least India. It has been taken by
me at Muttra, 22-iv-05 ; Meerut, 25-iv-05; Ferozepore, 28-iv-05 ;
and by Mr. Howlett at Allahabad, 24—20-ii1-06 (all these localities
being in India). In size the above examples vary from barely 4
to 64mm. ‘The femora are sometimes darker than usual; in other
specimens all the legs are wholly pale yellow.
22.. ¢lausa, mihi, sp. nov., o.
Loc.—Lower Burma. Type in Indian Museum.
SPECIES DESCRIBED AS Anthrax, BUT REQUIRING CONFIRMATION
AS BELONGING TO THAT GENUS.
I. angustata, Dol., 1858, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., xvii, 93.
Loc.—A mboina.
2. bimacula, Wlk., 1849, List Dip. Brit. Mus., ii, 254, @.-
Loc.—China. ‘Type no longer in British Museum, presumably
lost.
N.B.—Presumably from South China, as most of the older
specimens were from that region, but if it is from North China
the species will have to be removed from the Oriental list and ad-
mitted to the Palearctic fauna.
3. pretendens, Wlk., 1860, Pr. Linn. So. Lond., iv, iii, @.
Loc.—Macassar.
4. predicans, Wlk., 1860; loc. cit., p. 112, 2.
Loc.—Macassar. .
5. apicifera, Wlk., 1865, loc. cit., viii, p. III.
Loc.—Papua. :
N.B.—Of the above five species I can obtain no information
as to their generic position.
Note on Anthrax emarginata, Mcq.
A species under this name is included by Van der Wulp
as an Eastern species, giving Timor as the locality, but I can trace
no Oriental reference to the species at all, and Macquart’s type
was described from Philadelphia, and is, moreover, retained (under
Exoprosopa) in Aldrich’s recent Catalogue of North American
Diptera.
In Macquart’s figure the venation is certainly that of
Argyvameba. Van der Wulp places it under Anthrax. Moreover,
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 455
in the text, Macquart says the venation is similar to that of his
Exoprosopa tricolor, of which is also figured a wing, and this
latter is undoubtedly an Exoprosopa. Pending a definite settle-
ment I have withdrawn the species from my list, presuming it
to be North American and (incidentally) an Exoprosopa.
Notes on the genus ANTHRAX.
The twenty-two species admitted here as belonging to Anthrax
proper are, I believe, all correctly placed here. Mr. Austen kindly
informs me after examinations of the types, that satellitia, con-
grua and referens belong here; afra, hottentotta and paniscus
are well-known Palearctic species ; duvaucelit, clara, antecedens,
albofulva, leucopyga, aperta and manifesta have all been identified
by me (I think, correctly) with specimens in the Indian Museum,
Pusa or my own collection, the last two species being confirmed
by Mr. Howlett’s comparison of them with the types. Of the
remainder, a good plate is available of leucostigma (terminalis),
whilst satellitia is recognisable by the basal two-thirds of the wing
being blackish, the outline of the colour denticulate, the clear part
containing four spots; to these being added only one new one,
clausa.
The rest of the species I have retained in Anthrax by their
association by authors with groups of species belonging wholly
or mainly to this genus, and I believe they will all be found correctly
placed here. :
These are absalon, W., troglodyta, F., fulvula, W., dia, W..,
limpida, Wik., and lucida, W1k.
As regards the grouping of the species, presuming them all
to be true species of Anthrax, the difficulty is probably greatest
of all in this genus. For my own convenience in studying them
I have arbitrarily arranged them in “‘ groups,’’ but these may
have no scientific value, based as they are on the wing-markings,
simply because this character is the one never overlooked by any
of the authors, and again, because it is the most lasting character.
These ‘‘ groups’’ are (I) wings nearly wholly black, leucostigma
and satellitia ; (2) wings with the usual oblique, dark, generally clear-
cut baso-costal band, afra to congrua ; (3) wing clear, with some
slight suffusions on certain veins, duvauceli ; (4) wing excessively
limpid, with a silvery shining shoulder-spot, troglodyta, but the
silvery spot occurs in some other species with non-limpid wings ;
(5) wing practically clear, but always with a more or less narrow
(and generally ill-defined) anterior yellowish or pale brownish
margin, hottentotta to lucida inclusive ; (6) wings absolutely clear
and unmarked, leucopyga to clausa, the latter being easily known
by its closed anal cell.
It is, of course, difficult to draw satisfactory dividing lines
between some of these groups, as they are inclined to merge one
in the other, and the discovery of additional species will make
the separation of species on these grounds still more difficult. I
456 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide. [Vor. IT,
therefore repeat that my grouping is only made as a temporary
guide to the general appearance of the various species.
It will be seen that I have followed Baron Osten Sacken in
retaining Anthrax as feminine, although, as he states, the Greek
word is masculine; and the latter gender is adopted by Prof. Bezzi
in the Palearctic Catalogue.
COMPTOSIA, Macq., 1840.
Dip. Bx “i, 1.80:
1. brunnipennis, Wulp, 1868, Tijd. Ent., xi, 110, pl. iv, 3
(wing).
Loc.—Timor.
NEURIA, Newman, 1841.
Entomol., i, 220.
1. indecora, Wulp, 1885, Notes Leyd. Mus., vii, 85, o.
Loc.—Peele Game.
Ssub-Family BOMBYLIINE.
BOMBYLIUS, L., 1761.
Faun. Suec., 1918.
I. orientalis, Macq., 1840, Dip. Ex., ii, pl. 1, 90 (368), o, pl.
vi, 2 (full insect and head).
tricolor, Guérin, 1829—1838, Icon. du regne anim., ili, 538,
pl. xev (full insect).
Loc.—Java [t. Macq.]; Bengal and South India [t. m.].
Type (o@) in Paris Museum.
N.B.—In the Indian Museum collection are four specimens
from Bangalore (South India) and Ranchi (North Bengal) of this
handsome and unmistakeable species; and in the Pusa collec-
tion are two others taken at Palamou and Chapra (both Bengal).
I have no hesitation in considering Guérin’s tvicolor as a syno-
nym of Macquart’s species, of which Guérin himself said it might
be a variety. Both his description and his coloured figure agree
with the specimens I have seen from India. Guérin described
his species from Java.
2. maculatus, F., 1775, Syst. Ent., 803.
Wied., Auss. Zwei., 1, 342, o.
Loc.—Tranquebar [t. Wted.]. Type in the Fabricius collec-
tion.
N.B.—A specimen in the Indian Museum collection from
Chatrapur (Ganjam Dist., Madras Presid., on the borders of Bengal
Presidency) appears to be this species, but is too damaged for
definite. identification.
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 457
3; ‘major, 7.7. 1701,“ Suec.; 10918.
chi or AUst.. 1 00; et.auct
sinuatus, Mik. Mon., Bomb. Bohem., 35, 4,
pl. u5<4.
vartegatus, D.G., Ins. ed. Gotze, vi, 107,
ple xv, 10,
var. australis, Lw., Neue Beitr., iii, 14.
Loc.—Simla hills (8,000 to 8,400 ft.). Taken by Dr. Annandale,
28-iv-o7 and 4-v-07 [Ind. Mus. Coll. t. m.].
N.B.—The specimens do not vary from the common European
form, which also extends to North America.
4. fulvipes, Big., 1892, Ann. So. Ent. Fr., 362, o.
Loc.—Pondicherry [Big.]; Punjab [Pusa Coll. t. m.]. Type
@” in the Bigot collection.
N.B.—Bigot described only the o of this species. A speci-
men in excellent condition from Allahabad, taken by Mr. Howlett,
Ig-x-05, is in the Pusa collection, and as it isa 2 (which I think
has not been described), I add a description at the end of the cata-
logue, having practically no doubt of its identity with Bigot’s
species.
5. albosparsus, Big., 1892, loc. cit., 362, 7 @.
Loc.—Pondicherry. Type @ @ in Bigot’s collection.
6. terminalis, mihi, sp. nov., o.
Loc.—Punjab. Type in the Pusa collection.
7. vicinus, mihi, sp. nov., 9:
Loc.—Punjab. Type in the Pusa collection.
N.B.—Possibly the ¢ of terminalis, but I think distinct.
8. erectus, mihi, sp. nov., 7 @.
Plate xii, 27 (abdominal spines).
Type 7 ¢ in Indian Museum. Co-types in British Museum
and my collection.
Loc.—South India.
N.B.—A very conspicuous species by the strong erect spines
on the abdomen.
9. wulpii, mihi, nom. nov.
Bombylius pulchellus, Wulp, 1880, Tijd. v. Ent.,
xxii 164, pl. x; 8 (full insect 2 coloured).
Comastes pulchellus, Wulp, Cat. Dip. S. Asia, 74.
Eucharimyia dives, Big., Ann. So. Ent. Fr., Bull ,
Dp. Cx:
Loc.—Java [t. Wulf]; Ceylon [t. Bigot]; Tenmalai (S. India),
22-xi-08 [Annandale].
N.B.—As this species is not a Comastes but a Bombylius, the
name requires altering, pulchellus being preoccupied by Loew in
1863 for a North American species.
Comastes is not Oriental, and moreover, the name should be
discarded for Heterostylum, Macq. (vide my future notes),
458 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombyhide. [Vou. II,
Notes on the genus BOMBYLIUS.
Of this genus Van der Wulp gave seven species as Oriental.
Of these, two (avdens and socius) belong to Systechus, whilst another,
tricolor, Guérin, I am convinced, is only asynonym of orientalis,
_Macq. To the remainder I add the common Palearctic species
major, I,., and three new ones.
SYSTC@CHUS, Iw., 1855.
Neue Beits., ili, 34.
1. ardens, Wlk., 1849; List. Dip. Brit. Mus., ii, 284.
Loc.—East Indies. Type in British Museum.
2. -socius, W1k.,; 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. 3,-201,°'9:. :
Loc.—East Indies.
N.B.—Van der Wulp in his catalogue quotes ‘‘ East India ’’
for both species, but, although it has since been taken in East India
and in the Western Himalayas, he probably only intended to copy
Walker’s locality. As Walker, in describing the latter species,
says that it belongs to his ‘“ group L., of the List Dip. Brit. Mus.,”’
to which his ardens also belongs, I place them both under Syste-
chus, to which genus Mr. Austen informs me socius belongs. More-
over I have a @ Systechus taken by me at Mussoorie 20—26-v-
05, agreeing exactly with Walker’s description ; and a specimen
in the Pusa collection, taken in April 1906 at Mohanpur (Bengal),
is also in all probability this species.
3. eupogonatus, Big., 1892, Ann. So. Ent. Fr., 365, 7 @.
Loc.—India. Type 7 @ in Bigot’s collection.
ANASTCCHUS, Os. Sack., 1877.
West., Dipt., 251.
1. longirostris, Wulp, 1885, Notes Leyd. Mus., vii, 85, ¢.
Loc.—Himalayas.
DISCHISTUS, Lw., 1855.
Nee Beit. 1112452
1. tresplendens, mihi, sp. nov., @ @.
Loc.—India and Assam.
TOXOPHORA, Mo., 1803.
Iilig, Mag., ii, 270.
I. javana, Wied., 1821, Dip. Ex., i, 179.
Wied., Auss. Zwei:, i, 363.
Loc.—Java. Type in Westermann’s collection.
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 459
Plate xii, fig. 28 (full insect in profile).
_N.B.—A o@ and @? in the Indian Museum collection were
taken in Calcutta, 7-v-o7 and 7-vi-07, respectively. I have myself
taken both sexes in Calcutta, 26-ix-04 and 30-x-04.
2. zilpa, Wlk., 1849, List Dipt. Brit. Mus., ii, 298.
Loc.—China. Type in British Museum.
N.B.—I retain this species as Walker quotes merely ‘‘ China,’’
and it is advisable to retain the species from South China, at least
for the present, in the Oriental lists, but I do not know of the
species occurring in any truly Oriental locality.
GERON, Mg., 1820.
Sys; Besehs, 11,222.
Li: simplex, Wik., 1859, Pr. Linn. So. Lond., iii, 90, o.
Loc.—Aru Islands.
N.B.—Van der Wulp records one @ and four @ @ from Selce
(Berlinhafen) and Erima (Astrolabe Bay), both Papua.
2. argentifrons, mihi, sp. nov., 7 ?.
Type @ in Indian Museum; @ in the Pusa collection
Loc.—Lahore, 9-v-08 [Annandale]; Pusa.
N.B.—This species must be allied to Macquart’s australis,
described from Port Jackson, and at first I thought it was that
species. A closer examination seems to point to its being distinct.
Macquart’s species was described in his Dip. Ex., 11, 396, pl. xii1,
2 (1840), the plate showing a full insect and the head in profile.
PHTHIRIA, Mg., 1803.
Illi. Mag. , i1,- 268.
394 gracilis, Wilk., 1652, Dip. Saund., pt. 3, 194, -o”.
Loc.—East India.
SYSTROPUS, Wied., 1820.
Nov. Gen. Dipt., 19.
I. eumenoides, Westw., 1842, Mag. de Zool. (1842), 4, pl. go.
Westw., Tr. Ent. So. Lond. (1876), 575, pl.
anne. .
Loc.—East India.
2. ophioneus, Westw., 1849, Tr. Ent. So. Lond., v, 233,
pl. xxiii, 6 (full insect).
Westw., Tr. Ent. So. Lond. (1876), 574.
Loc.—East India.
3. sphegoides, Wlk., 1860, Pr. Linn. So. Lond., iv, 113.
Loc.—Macassar (Celebes).
460 E. Brunett1: Oriental Bombylide. [VoL
4. polistoides, Westw., 1876, Tr. Ent. So. Lond., 575
Loc.—Siam.
5. tipuloides, Westw., 1876, loc. cit., 576.
Loc.—Sulu Isle (Malay Arch.).
6. blumei, Voll., Versl. en meded. K. acad. wet., xv, 8, fig. 4.
Loc.—Java.
7. tessellatus, Voll., toc. cit., 9.
Loc.—Sumatra.
8. nigricaudus, mihi, sp. nov., @ (?).
(Id. id., Bigot, nom. nud.)
Type in Indian Museum.
Loc.—Sikhim, Soondrijal (Nepal), Mussoorie (in September).
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES, AND REDESCRIPTIONS OF
PREVIOUSLY KNOWN ONES.
Hyperalonia aurantiaca, Guerin.
Redescription.
Bengal. Long. 13 mm.
Head.—Frons moderately widened, a little more than } the
width of the head, black. Face pale, the face and frons covered
with thick golden pubescence, thinning on the frons towards the
vertex. On the frons the pubescence is mixed with longer erect
black hairs. On the face, pubescence extends to midway between
antenne and insertion of proboscis. Back of head thickened,
black, sparsely yellow, pubescent, except at extreme lower part,
which is bare, greyish black. Proboscis equal in length to height
of head, fairly stout, dark brown, with a few short whitish hairs.
Palpi rather more than 4 of the length of proboscis, greyish brown,
hairy, the hairs whitish. First antennal joint very nearly twice
as long as 2nd, which is slightly flattened and rounded, both clothed
with stiff black bristly hairs, and both grey-brown in ground colour ;
3rd joint blackish grey, bare, equal in length to Ist and 2nd together
(exclusive of the style, which is a little more than } the length
of the 3rd).
Thorax.—Ground colour of dorsum black, of sides ash-grey.
Whole thorax covered with bright yellow hair, which is thickest
and deepest on the anterior border and at the sides of the dorsum
and behind the wings. ‘The hair just below the wings is paler
yellow, becoming whitish on under side; the hair on the dorsum
being short and sparse. Along the sides of the dorsum and behind
the wings are a few isolated strong black bristles. Scutellum
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum, 461
blackish, with a reddish tinge on the border, clothed with short
bright yellow hair and with a row of black bristles on the posterior
border.
Abdomen obtusely conical; ground colour black. ‘The middle
third of the dorsum forms a nearly bare, black centre stripe
with a few black hairs; the outer third on each side is covered
with numerous bright yellow narrow elongated scales, lying close
together, and extending from the base to the posterior border
of the 5th segment, being replaced on the 6th and 7th segment
by similar scales which are silvery white; these, seen from behind,
appearing to form four silvery spots. The whole abdomen is shortly
pubescent with black bristles, and the posterior border of each
segment has a row of longer bristles. The szdes of the first three
segments of the abdomen are clothed with long yellow hair, which
almost become scales; from thence to the tip being replaced by stiff
black bristles. Belly black with black bristles and hairs, the
major portion of the basal half (except at the sides) being clothed
with dense silvery white scales, amidst and above which are silvery
white hairs. A genital organ, considerably retracted, is visible,
consisting of a pale yellow tubular appendage encircled by a red-
dish brown semi-circular plate bearing stiff black bristles on its
edges : above this is a thick, sub-conical organ, black, with grey-
ish shimmer at the sides, thickly covered with short black spines
and cloven at the tip.
Legs.—Coxee ash-grey, clothed with long pale yellowish hair,
with which are intermixed a number of very strong long black
spines. Femora black, with small dark grey scales and a little
soft, short black hair ; fore pair spineless, middle pair with a row
of short bristly hairs above and two short strong spines close together
on the under side just beyond the middle; hind pair generally
beset with short black bristles, and with a row of rather strong
short ones on under side. ‘Tibiee black, shortly spiny, with minute
blackish grey scales, the spines being longest on the hind pair.
Tarsi black, minutely pubescent.
Wings.—Dark brown (deepest along the costa), becoming lighter
towards the posterior border, which is dark grey. A violet irides-
cence in certain lights. Anal cell narrowly open. Shoulder of wing
beset with stiff, short black bristles, and covered at its extreme
base with short orange bristles. Tegule dark brown with a fringe
of rather long, very close, bright yellow scaly hair. Halteres red-
dish brown, knob very distinct, oval, placed in the cup-shaped
enlarged tip of the stem, pale orange, with greyish tomentum.
Described from two specimens, one in the Indian Museum
and one in the Pusa collection, both captured at Chapra, Bengal.
N.B.—I have practically no doubt that this is Guérin’s species,
although the markings of the abdomen are not quite like his figure,
which shows an interrupted dorsal black stripe to the abdomen,
with lateral extensions, and in his figure the dark part of the wing
is more clearly defined and not so extensive. Moreover it was
from Bengal that he described it.
462 EK. Brunerrr: Oriental Bombylide. [Von.. Tt
Hyperalonia suffusipennis, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 15, wing.)
@. India. Long. 15 mm.
Head.—Frons orange, paling to yellow below antenne ; ver-
tex black; orbit of eyes black above, red at sides and below ;
antenne orange-red, 3rd joint black, Ist and 2nd Joints with yellow
hair above and below; short golden yellow pubescence over the
face ; eyes bare with slight crimson reflections in certain lights.
Thovax.—Black, with rather thick yellowish hair, which is
thicker, longer and deeper in colour on the shoulders, and thick
and whitish below the wings. Scutellum tawny brown, with
short yellow hair, and a row of stiff long black hairs on posterior
border.
Abdomen.—Blackish ; dark reddish towards the sides of the
2nd and 3rd segments. Dorsum covered with moderately thick
yellowish hair at sides, and posterior borders of segments also.
Belly with whitish hair.
Legs.—Brownish tawny, coxee with whitish hair, tarsi nearly
black.
Wings.—Pale grey ; darker and more yellowish on anterior
and basal parts; a slight but distinct suffusion at nearly all the
junctures of the veins and cross-veins. Halteres pale yellowish
white ; tegule similar with a fringe of thick yellow hair.
Described from two @ 2 (in good condition) in the Indian Mu-
seum from the Purneah District, India. A very distinct species.
Hyperalonia devecta, Wk.
Redescription.
2 (2). Long. 17 mm. Expanse between wing-tips 42 mm.
This species resembles dovyca, Boisd., in so many characters
that it will be sufficient to denote the differences. The Ist anten-
nal joint is dark ferruginous, the remainder black, 3rd joint elonga-
ted, bare, with a long cylindrical style; Ist and 2nd joints with
thick black bristles. ‘The reddish colour of the frons extends almost
to the vertex. ‘The mouth has a few short, soft, yellow hairs only,
no bristles whatever. In the thorax, the colour of the tuft of soft
hair on the sides behind and below the humeral calli is nearly as
deep orange as the bunch of scaly bristles in front, whilst the hair
on the sides of the thorax below this part is bright yellow, the
bunch of white hairs towards the under side being present. _
In the abdomen (considerably denuded) the sides of the 2nd
segment are dull ved, there is no trace of a white band on the 3rd,
although it may have been present, and the white spots at the tip
are indistinct (owing to the condition of the specimen) but appa-
rently are the same as in doryca, the upper pair of spots being
possibly smaller. All the Jegs are blackish.
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 463
Wings.—Ground colour, rather dark grey, the extreme base
is tawny yellow, which colour suffuses more or less narrowly the
costa and most of the veins. The central portion of the wing is
blackish, becoming merged in the grey, posteriorly and towards
the tip. The 2nd posterior cell is equally wide at base and at
tip. Halteres dull reddish orange, stem darker.
Described from a single ¢ (?) in my collection, labelled ‘‘ Key
Ins.’’ Though I do not know on whose authority it is identified,
there is little doubt of it being Walker’s species, with whose des-
cription it agrees, the only discrepancy being the reddish instead
of black Ist antennal joint. This species may prove synonymous
with satyrus, F., my specimen agreeing very closely with Van der
Wulp’s description of that species, and fairly well with his plate.
Hyperalonia doryca, Boisd.
Redescription.
9 (?). Long. 15/-mm.
Head.—Frons rather narrow on vertex, widening until at
the upper part of the mouth-border it attains a width of nearly
one-third that of the head: blackish grey with black bristly hair.
Lower half of frons and the whole face round and below the an-
tennee (where it is somewhat prominent), rather bright ferru-
ginous red, with short black bristles. Ocelli very small, close
together, at some distance from the eyes and well below the vertex.
Antennee missing, except a single basal joint which is dark ferru-
ginous (nearly black) with thick black bristles. Proboscis black
with two apical, striated leaf-shaped ferruginous lamelle and a stiff,
pointed, central, spike-like organ. Mouth-border rather thickly
beset with short black bristles. Eyes dark red with bronze reflec-
tions, facets very minute, uniform. Back of head dark grey with
a fringe of short bright yellow pubescence.
Thorax.—Dorsum black, covered with sparse, very short,
yellow pubescence. On the front of the anterior border is a fringe
of thick orange-yellow bristly hair, with some shorter soft black
hair behind, which probably spreads sparsely over the whole dor-
sum, standing above the short yellow pubescence. On the pos-
terior border of the dorsum is a row of strong black bristles. On
the shoulders this black hair becomes very bristly, and is supple-
mented by three powerful long black spines just before the insertion
of the wings. Just below the humeral calli is a dense bunch. of
long, fiery orange, erect, scaly bristles, behind which is a large tuft
of pale creamy orange, silky pubescence. The fiery orange bristles
extend forwards and below, joining the lower part of the anterior
fringe of similar colour. The posterior calli bear a similar bunch
of dense, similarly coloured bristles. From these calli four power-
ful long black spines spring, deflected backwards. ‘The sides of
the thorax are cinereous grey, with long black bristles below the
base of the wings and a dense cluster of them around the fore coxe,
464 FE. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide. [Vou. IT,
with a bunch of quite white soft pubescence behind. Long black
bristles on the lower part of the thorax in front. Scutellum black-
ish, posterior border dull red, with long black spines; dorsum
with short yellow hairs.
Abdomen.—Black, apparently sparsely covered with short
black bristly pubescence. Base of 2nd and 3rd segments with a
narrow band of yellowish white hairs ; 6th and 7th segments with
two spots each of silvery white elongated scales. Sides of ab-
domen with thick black bristles, except where the transverse bands
attain the edge. Belly black, with greyish pubescence towards
the base and black bristles on the apical half: the basal three
or four segments with a transverse band of silvery white scales on
each:
Legs black, with black bristles, which are most numerous on
the femora and hind tibiz, the posterior tibiae being dark reddish
brown, the hind tarsi dark reddish brown with short black bristles
and golden brown pubescence.
Wings.—Pale grey. The costal and sub-costal cells wholly,
the marginal cell very narrowly, dark brown, the colour reaching
to the posterior border at the base of the wing, and extending
throughout the Ist basal cell and slightly beyond the discal trans-
verse vein, the anal vein being very slightly suffused. Anal cell
distinctly open, though contracted at the border, 2nd posterior
cell 14 times as wide on the border as at base. Tegule reddish
brown with a thick fringe of fierv orange scaly bristles. Halteres
black, club egg-shaped.
Described from one 2 (?) in my collection from Key Island.
N.B.—I do not know on whose authority the above specimen
is identified, but it is the only one I have seen purporting to be
this species. It is to be noted that in Doleschall’s figure of his
ventrimacula the anal cell is closed, not open as in mine and as
is shown in Macquart’s plate of his audouint, and that the face of
mine is distinctly reddish, which is not mentioned in any of the
synonymic descriptions.
Exoprosopa latipennis, mihi, sp. nov.
@. Assam. Long. 18 mm.
Head.—Frons dark tawny brown, rather velvety, wide, with
a few scattered black hairs; three ocelli on minute protuberance
on vertex. Antenne, Ist and 2nd joints dark brown, with black
bristles (3rd joint wanting). Under side of head brown, not pro-
duced downward below the eyes.
Thovax.—Black, with bright, rufous, thick hair round sides
and in front. (Dorsum denuded of hair.) Black hairs on lower
part of thorax. Scutellum black (denuded) with traces of a row
of black hairs or fine bristles on posterior edge.
Abdomen.—-Black, elongated, with parallel sides, rounded at
tip (upper side mostly denuded); Ist segment with a bunch of
long, thin, black, erect hairs in centre, sides of 2nd, 3rd and 4th
1909. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 465
segments narrowly brick-red. Sides of abdomen with rather thick
yellow hair, which becomes thinner and paler towards the tip.
Belly black, with black hairs, central segments paler in the
middle.
Legs.—Dark brown, bare ; hind femora with a row of spines
below.
Wings.—Uniformly rich dark brown, unmarked; wide across
the centre.
Described from a unique @ in the Indian Museum from Shil-
long (Assam). The type is in good condition except for the par-
tial denudation of the abdomen. The species is quite distinct
from all others.
Exoprosopa flavipennis, mihi, sp. nov.
9. Bengal. Long. 14-18 mm.
Head.—Frons and ocelli as in flammea. Frons orange with
golden orange, close, short hairs. Mouth-border yellow, antenne
orange: Ist two joints sub-cylindrical, wider at tip, with yellow
hairs, 2nd shorter than Ist; 3rd joint twice as long as first two
together, bare, the upper side quite straight, the under side rapidly
narrowing from base to tip, a very distinct cylindrical style at tip.
Proboscis brown, shorter than the head. Eyes reddish brown,
bare, with small, uniform facets. Back of head reddish orange,
bare, considerably prominent, with a narrow fringe of very short
bright yellow hairs on the margin of the cavity behind.
Thorax.—Ferruginous orange with black dorsum and blackish
grey under side. A fringe of long yellow hair on anterior margin ;
a bunch of fiery orange-red bristly hairs on shoulders, and shorter
similar ones on the humeral calli; the dorsum clothed with moder-
ately close, short orange hairs; several long fiery orange-red bristles,
directed backwards, on the posterior calli. Under side nearly
bare, a few blackish hairs here and there. Scutellum orange-red,
covered with short, similarly coloured pubescence; posterior
margin with a horizontal row of concolorous strong bristles.
Abdomen.—Sub-conical; ground colour black, apparently with
short, close, black pubescence. A bunch of orange-red hairs at
the shoulders of the ist segment; sides of 2nd segment dull
reddish. Belly black, unmarked. Genital apparatus in one
specimen, orange, subspherical, slightly protruding, and apparently
twisted to the left.
Legs.—Coxe and femora dark brown; anterior tibie brown-
ish yellow, hind pair black ; all the knees pale; tarsi black ; fore
legs practically bare, posterior, minutely pubescent and with
distinct black bristles, which are stronger on the hind pair; pos-
terior tarsi closely pubescent, with black bristles on under side.
Wings.—First posterior cell closed some distance before the border
as in fammea. Rather more than the proximal half bright orange-
yellow, apical part and a narrow margin along the posterior margin
almost to the base, quite clear. An intermediate dark brown,
466 EH. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide. [Vo1,. IT,
ill-defined cross-band, commencing at the upper edge of the margi-
nal cell, the width of the band being about one-third of the length
of the Ist sub-marginal cell, across the middle of which it passes ;
continuing across the middle of the closed portion of the Ist pos-
terior cell, the distal half of the discal cell and the bases of the 2nd
and 3rd posterior cells, after which it is narrowed to a streak and
turning, extends towards the base of the wing, separating the yellow
part from the clear margin. Tegule reddish orange with a short
dense fringe of concolorous hair.
Described from two specimens from Pusa (Bengal). One
(type) in the Pusa collection, taken I9-iv-07; the other in the
Indian Museum collection, taken 25-v-06.
N.B.—These two species, fammea and flavipennis are dis-
tinct from all the other Eastern Exoprosope known to me, by the
Ist posterior cell being closed some distance before the border,
the 4th longitudinal vein meeting the 3rd before the origin of the
anterior branch of the latter (in fammea), or just below it (in flavi-
pennis). They therefore belong to the group for which Rondani
established the genus Argyrospyla (emended by Verrall from Argy-
vospila), but which the late Baron Osten Sacken says (Biol. Cent.
Am. Dip., i, 78) cannot be sustained, this character in various
species showing all stages between a closed and open cell, some-
times even in the same species. Of the species of Exoprosopa
admitted in this paper the following have not been seen by me;
I cannot say, therefore, whether any of them possess a closed pos-
terior cell or not: alexon, aurtplena, semilucida, basifascia, albida,
all by Walker.
Exoprosopa flammea, mihi, sp. nov.
9. Bengal. Long. 18 mm.
Head.—Entire frons and face orange-yellow, covered with
short golden yellow hairs ; lemon-yellow round the mouth, with
short bright yellow hairs. Frons at level of antenne one-third
the width of the head, narrowing towards vertex. Ocelli small,
close together in front of the vertex. Antenne missing, except Ist
joint which is reddish. Proboscis brown, shorter than length of
head. Eyes dark reddish brown, facets very small, uniform. Back
of head brick-red, rather prominent, with sparse, short golden
yellow hairs.
Thorax.—Cinereous ; humeral and posterior calli orange-tawny,
the latter bearing five or six concolorous bristles pointing back-
wards. ‘The anterior border and shoulders are covered with thick
long fiery reddish yellow hair, which is also abundant behind the
wings. The dorsum (slightly denuded) is evidently lightly clothed
with short orange-yellow hairs. Under side of thorax cinereous,
with a moderate amount of orange-yellow hair. Scutellum red-
dish brown, the posterior margin bearing a row of concolorous
strong bristles directed backwards and downwards. Dorsum with
sparse yellowish hairs.
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 467
Abdomen.—Sub-conical, ground colour chiefly reddish brown,
2nd segment with a narrow anterior, and rather wider posterior
band connected by a thin dorsal stripe, a rather wide irregular,
not well-defined black transverse band on 3rd segment, which
is repeated less distinctly on the following two or three segments.
The extreme posterior border of all the segments is reddish brown,
and the whole dorsum is covered lightly with short, bright orange
hairs, which become brightest, longest and fiery red at the abdom-
inal tip. Belly cinereous, posterior borders of all the segments
orange-yellow ; whole belly covered with short orange hairs.
Legs.—Coxee, femora and most of the tibize reddish orange,
the tibie towards the tips (especially the hind pair) and all the
tarsi, black. The middle femora have a few black short spines
below, the hind pair a row of stronger ones; the posterior tibiz
are beset with black short bristles, which are longer on the hind
pair. The posterior tibie have a circlet of strong black spines
at the tip, and the whole legs, especially the tibie and tarsi, are
minutely but densely spinose.
Wings clear; first posterior cell closed some distance before the
border, the 4th longitudinal vein joining the 3rd just above the junc-
tion of the anterior branch of the 3rd. Two broad dark brown
bands. Base of wing bright orange-yellow, the colour extending
across the wing from the costa to (and including) the alula, and reach-
ing distally as far as to just enter the two basal cells. The costal
cell is orange-yellowish, also a spot on and over the discal cross-
vein, and another small spot in the centre of the upper basal cell.
The first brown band begins in the upper basal cell, which it
fills, extending posteriorly, filling the 2nd basal cell and basal fourth
of discal cell, thence narrowing, to the hind border of the wing,
leaving about the distal fourth of both the anal and axillary cells
clear. The second band begins approximately on the costa,
blending with the orange colour of the costal cell, fills three-fourths
of the Ist submarginal and Ist posterior cells, thence narrow-
ing somewhat, it fills nearly the distal half of the discal cell and
terminates distinctly clear of the posterior margin of wing, enter-
ing the 2nd and 3rd posterior cells. A small round quite clear
spot is in the extreme upper angle of the lower basal cell. A few
very short stiff black bristles at the base of the costa, and some
short close yellowish orange hairs on the margin of the alule and
the orange tegule. Halteres yellow.
Described from a single @ in the Indian Museum collection,
taken at Pusa, Bengal, 17-iv-07.
E. lateralis, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 17, wing.)
9. Calcutta. Long. 14-18 mm.
Head.—Dark brown, cinereous on vertex, with numerous
stiff black hairs and soft, golden rufous hair. Antenne brown,
Ist and 2nd joints with black bristles.
468 E. Brunertt: Oviental Bombylide. [Vou. IT,
Thorax.—Black (dorsum” denuded), with thick, bright ferrugi-
nous hair in front, at the sides, and below. Lower part of thorax
bare, with ferruginous marks. Scutellum dull red ferruginous,
base brown with a row of long black spines on posterior border.
Traces of golden yellow pubescence on (at least posterior part of)
scutellum.
Abdomen.—Flliptical oval. Black, the sides more or less
broadly brick-red ; this coloration is very variable in quantity,
as in one specimen it only moderately narrowly borders the abdo-
men, and in another one it extends so far inwards as to reduce
the black part almost to a dorsal row of spots. Bunches of ferru-
ginous hair at each side of rst and 2nd segments, and a small tuft
of stiff black hairs at the sides of each segment. The dorsum is
thinly covered with short tawny yellow and black hairs. Last
segment reddish, black at the middle of the base. Belly brownish
brick-red with sparse yellow hair.
Legs.—Tawny brown: hind femora and tibie with short
black spines.
Wings.—Dark brown, tip, and posterior border nearly to the
base, clear, the clear part extending into the discal cell. Traces of
a small, round, clear spot in upper corner of 2nd basal cell.
Described from three @ 2 in good condition in the Indian
Museum from Calcutta.
E. retrorsa, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 19, wing.)
9. Persia (Bushire). Long. 15 mm.
Head.—Frons moderately broad, yellowish grey with yellow
hair. Antennee black, 2nd joint short, first two joints cylindrical,
cup-shaped at tips, 3rd longer than znd, but shorter than Ist,
onion-shaped, with short, distinct style. Posterior orbit of eyes
very narrowly fringed with grey hairs.
Thorax.—Dark grey, covered with greyish yellow hair, which is
thickest in front and at the sides ; a few long, strong black bristles
on sides of thorax and several on the posterior calli, directed hori-
zontally backwards.
Abdomen.—Broadly ovate, blackish ; the posterior borders of
segments with rather thick yellowish grey hair, which is also
present to some extent on the surface of the segments. A bunch
of nearly white hairs on each side of first and second segments,
and this is extended less thickly down the sides of the abdomen.
Belly similar to dorsum.
Legs.—Tawny brown, with short, black, stiff hairs, and a row
of small black bristles on under side of all the femora.
Wings.—Pale grey, veins ferruginous brown, and showing
a rather abnormal form of venation. ‘The veinlet joining the upper
branch of the third longitudinal vein is deflected backwards in-
stead of being more or less vertical, and does not meet the second
1909.] Records of the Indian Museum. 469
longitudinal until nearly half-way towards its base, where a short
stump vein connects the latter with the third longitudinal directly
over the upper transverse vein, and where also a distinct appendix
is directed backwards. On the upper and lower transverse veins,
base of second longitudinal, and at each spot where the veinlet joins
this to the third longitudinal is a small suffusion; also a similar
spot in the centre of the upper basal cell. Anterior part of wing
slightly yellowish.
Described from a perfect unique specimen in the Indian Museum
collection. A very conspicuous species.
Exoprosopa annandalei, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 20, wing).
9. Lower Burma. Long. g-12 mm,
Head.—Vertex, frons and face blackish, with short sparse
yellowish hairs, and some stiff bristly black hair on frons which
is considerably narrowed on the vertex, where the ocellar triangle
is very small. Mouth-opening yellowish, proboscis dark brown,
palpi black, short, filamentous, with a single row of hairs. Antenne
yellowish, first joint hairy, third rather elongated, with moderately
long style. Back of head dark grey, eyes dark brown, with
some yellowish hair, which is whitish behind the eyes.
Thorax.—Blackish ; tawny yellow hair rather thickly placed
on fore border, and on the sides, where there is a pale tawny spot
on the pleure. Dorsum nearly bare ( ? denuded). Scutellum
light brown, posterior border with a row of black spiny bristles
and short sparse yellowish hair. Metanotum hidden.
Abdomen.—Ovate, chestnut-brown (ground colour), with a
row of dorsal black irregularly oval spots at the base of each seg-
ment, and with traces of a narrow black line almost on the
posterior borders of some of the segments. A sparse band (in-
terrupted in the middle) of whitish short hairs on the anterior
part, and a similar band of blackish hairs on the posterior part,
of each segment ; the second segment possessing a basal row of
short sparse tawny hairs and a bunch of white longer hair on each
side at the base. The short whitish hairs on the dorsum may
possibly extend over the greater part of the surface, and appear
more like scales than hairs. Belly chestnut-brown, with irregular
black marks and with short white scaly hairs generally distributed
over it.
Legs.—Tawny brown, fore coxe similar, posterior coxee - black-
ish brown; hind femora ‘with a few hairs below, posterior tibize
moderately covered with short bristles ; tarsi, blackish brown,
minutely pubescent below.
Wings.—Pale grey with a dark brown oblique baso-costal
band, which has an indentation on the lower side. The brown
colour extends along the costa to the tip of the first longitudinal
vein, its outer edge extending posteriorly to just behind the second
470 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide. [Vou. Il,
posterior cell, the colour thus filling slightly more than half the
first longitudinal and discal cells, and extending in an irregularly
straight line from the latter cell to the base of the wing, filling
half the anal cell. Round brown spots, all of equal size, are placed
at the tip of the second longitudinal vein, at the base of the fork
of the third longitudinal and at the tip of the veinlets dividing
the second, third and fourth posterior cells. On the upper corner
(adjoining the base of the discal cell) of the lower basal cell, a
small bluish opalescent spot. At extreme base of wings and along
the stronger veins a distinct tawny colour. Halteres yellowish
white.
Described from two 2 @ in perfect condition (the thorax and
abdomen show very little trace of denudation). Types in Indian
Museum collection, taken at Moulmein, Lower Burma, 6-iii-08, by
Dr. Annandale, after whom I have pleasure in naming this handsome
species, which, he says, was not rare in that locality.
Argyrameeba gentilis, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 25, wing.)
(Id. id., Bigot, nom. nud.)
ao @. Bengal (a7), Assam (?). Long. 44 mm.
Head.—Frons and face dull black, with black hairs; antenne
black, third joint much flattened, forming an irregularly oval disc,
style distinct, black, no apparent bisection, with small pencil of
short hairs at tip. Proboscis short, thick. Back of head black-
ish grey, bare.
Thorax.—Black, with a collar of stiff black hairs on anterior
margin, and soft black hairs on dorsum and sides, intermixed
with some black bristles on the shoulders and posterior calli. Pos-
terior margin with some long black bristles deflected backwards.
Scutellum black, with short black pubescence, and some longer,
curved bristles on posterior border.
Abdomen.—Dull black, with short, rather sparse black pubes-
cence, and a bunch of long black hairs on each shoulder. Some
black hairs at the sides and some longer, thicker black hair at
tip. Belly black.
Legs black, minutely pubescent ; tibice a little lighter, with
short black bristles (including fore pair).
Wings clear, elongated, anal cell closed. A blackish brown
band from the base, extending along the costa to just above the
fork of the third longitudinal vein. The rather irregular proxi-
mal border of this band extends to the posterior wing-border, just
in front of the anal cell, which the dark band wholly fills. The
band does not quite reach the fork of the third vein, nor the outer
transverse. Near the wing-tip is an oblong (almost sub-triangular)
blackish brown spot on the costa, barely united to the broad band,
and extending downwards and outwards to just below the proxi-
mal end of the fork of the third vein, thus leaving the absolute
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum, 471
wing-tip narrowly clear. The second longitudinal vein forms nearly
a sharp angle at the commencement of the downward loop, some-
what as in Lepidanthrax.
Described from a ~ (type) in the Pusa collection, taken,
24-11-06, at Larksom (Bengal), and from a ? in the Indian Museum
collection from Margherita (Assam).
N.B.—I retain this species under Argyrameba, mainly because
the pencil of hairs at the tip of the antennal style is regarded by
Osten Sacken as the most important generic character, and,
though small, these hairs are present in the new species. The
bisection of the style is, however, not apparent, nor does the fork
of the third vein show the usual appendix. The very flattened,
irregularly oval, third antennal joint, the long, rather narrow abdo-
men, and the long wings approximate it to Argyrameba rather
than to Anthrax. In one or two respects it resembles Astrophanes,
O.S., a genus containing but one species (from Mexico); these
are the “‘ almost rudimentary development of the base of the
costa and the closed anal cell.’’ These two characters, in con-
junction with the contiguity of the eyes on the vertex in the o@,
are regarded as the main generic distinction of the genus. As,
however, I believe both sexes to be before me, my species cannot
be an Astrophanes. The angled loop of the second vein approxi-
mates it to Lepidanthrax, O.S., so that for the present it should
be regarded as somewhat of an aberrant species. It seems to
bear some resemblance to Bigot’s Argyrameba appendticulata, and
it is just possible it may be identical with it, but the @ in the
Indian Museum collection is labelled as a distinct species by Bigot
(erroneously as a o), and I therefore treat it as such. When the
two sexes are placed side by side the difference of width in the frons
is sufficiently noticeable.
Argyrameba ceylonica, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 24, abdomen.)
@. Ceylon, Bengal. Long. 9 mm.
Head.—Frons and face quite black, with thick short black
hair ; antenne black, third joint short, onion-shaped, with moder-
ate style, basal joints with black bristles. Proboscis and palpi with-
drawn, apparently blackish brown. Back of head narrow, blackish
grey, almost bare.
Thorax.—Black, with short yellow hairs which are thickest
on the shoulders and round the sides. Sides of thorax ash-grey-
ish, with scattered yellow hairs. Scutellum black, with sparse
vellow hair.
Abdomen.—Ovate, black, first segment with a conspicuous
fan-shaped bunch of bright yellow hairs at the sides. Remaining
segments towards the sides wholly tawny, this colour continuing
at the actual sides of the segments up to the tip of the abdomen,
which is blackish above. Belly tawny yellow with yellow hair.
472 E. BRUNETTI: Oviental Bombylide. [Voreit
Dorsum nearly bare, some microscopic black hairs on the black
part. Genitalia rounded, inconspicuous, rather large, tawny, mainly
withdrawn within the body.
Legs.—Uniformly tawny yellow, with minute bristles and
hairs ; coxee ash-grey, with whitish hairs; tarsi dark brown.
Wings.—Grey, costal cell yellowish, mediastinal cell black-
ish for its whole length. Second longitudinal vein with rather a
deep loop towards its tip: fork of the third vein with a distinct
appendix, the vein parallel to the second. A small greyish black
mark in the upper corner of the lower basal cell, and a similar one
on the strong vein just above it. Halteres yellowish, knobs yellow-
ish white, with a black mark above.
Described from three specimens taken by Mr. Green at Kandy,
Ceylon, in October and November 1907, all in fairly good condi-
tion ; also from three in the Pusa collection taken from 3-Vvii-07
to 24-vili-o7 at Pusa. Type in my collection. It bears some
resemblance to Doleschall’s ‘‘ Anthrax ’’ angustata from Amboina,
but is twice the size of that species, which, by the way, does not
seem to have been seen since its author first met with it.
Argyrameba niveisquamis, mihi, sp. nov.
@. Baluchistan. Long. 7-8 mm.
Head.—Frons widening gradually from one-fifth the width of
the head on the moderately wide vertex (where the ocelli are very
close together on a very reduced tubercle), to fully one-third the
width at the level of the antenne. Frons and face densely covered
with long drooping snow-white scales; a few longer, thin black
hairs intermixed, also (more numerously) white bristles, which
are longer than the scales. Oral orifice oblong, white ; proboscis
(in one specimen, the other is headless) wholly withdrawn. Anten-
nee black, second joint very short, third blackish grey, onion-
shaped, tip drawn out into a blunt definite style. (There is no
trace of the usual pencil of hairs, but the antennz, of which only
one remains, may be incomplete.) Back of head and under side
dark grey, thickly coloured with snow-white scales.
Thorax.—Black, almost wholly covered with snow-white bristly
hair, which is longest in front, below; in front of the wings and
below them. This hair becomes scaly in places and on the posterior
border of the scutellum is a moderately thick band of white scales.
Abdomen.——Black, the segments covered thickly with short
creamy white and snow-white scales. A fan-shaped bunch of
snow-white, comparatively softer, long hair on the anterior corners.
A few long scattered black bristles on the dorsum, and, rather
more numerously, along the sides of the abdomen. Belly with
scaly and bristly hairs mixed, tip of abdomen with a few rather
long brownish yellow bristly hairs with some longer fine black
hairs below.
Legs—Femora dark brown with closely set small snow-white
scales ; posterior femora with black isolated strong bristles ; tibiee
1909.] Records of the Indian Museum. 473
pale brown, with silvery snow-white scales, and more numerous
short, black, spiny bristles ; tarsi brown, with scattered small white
scales, tips of each joint blackish, claws black.
Wings.—Clear, at the base of the costa a bunch of snow-
white scales with some black bristles intermixed. A very small
pale brown suffusion at the base of the third vein and on the dis-
cal cross-vein; mediastinal and marginal veins brown, also. the
narrow intervening space. A strong appendix at the base of the
second vein and at the base of the fork of the third vein; discal
cell rather long ; second posterior cell two-and-a-half times as wide
on wing-border as at base. Halteres pale brown, club much lighter.
Tegule whitish, nearly transparent, with a fringe of very short
white hairs.
Described from two specimens in the Indian Museum collec-
tion from Baluchistan (one headless, otherwise in fair condition).
N.B.—I thought this might be xivea of Ross or perhaps
Griffini’s var. doyz, but no mention is made by them of the scales
with which it is covered, moreover the other differences are suffi-
cient to warrant regarding my species as quite distinct.
Anthrax clara, WIk.
Redescription.
Sore one. 1h, imi,
Head.—Frons widens rapidly from the narrow vertex, and is
covered with black bristles, which are thick and long round base
of antenne. Face widest just below antenne, rather less than
one-third of the head, with thick yellow bristly hair and a row of
black ones along upper part of mouth-border. Mouth and pro-
boscis black. Antennze black, first joint with a linear row of strong
black bristles on the outer andinner sides. Back of head blackish
grey ; below shining black, bare.
Thorax.—Black ; dorsum with some rather thinly scattered,
soft, black hair: entire anterior part, above and below, and the
shoulders, with thick rich yellow hair. Under side cinereous, with
sparse paler yellow hair. Scutellum (denuded) black, smooth, with
traces of black or grey hair.
Abdomen.—Lineart, tip rather blunted, as broad as thorax
(Walker. says ‘‘ obconical’’), black, with dorsum (? denuded)
nearly bare. The sides with thick rich yellow hair, containing a
tuft of black hairs on each side towards the tip. Belly black,
with sparse yellow hair, which has a tendency to form transverse
bands.
Legs.—Black. Femora with a little short yellow hair below
middle pair, and on upper side of hind pair; tibiee with short
black bristles, which, on the hind pair, are mixed with short linear
black scales.
474 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylida. [VousIT,
oe, -Wings.—Quite clear. Fore border narrowly dark brown, the
colour only extends to the basal half of the marginal cell; or about
as far as the origin of. the second vein. Halteres pale brownish
yellow, club lighter, Tegule brown, with a thick fringe of soft
bright yellow hair. ene Bea
-. Described from three § 8 (?) in the Indian Museum collec-
tion ; .one identified by Bigot, taken at Dehra Dun (foot of Mus-
soorie hills), the others from the Western Himalayas (Garhwal
District, 6,000 ft.). These two are in perfect condition. The
dorsum "of the thorax, scutellum and abdomen may be denuded,
but I am inclined to think the present condition is the natural one.
--N.B.—Two other specimens are closely allied: to the above
species, one of which may be 4. lucida, Wik. It differs from
olara as follows :—
‘The frons possesses short, pale yellow pubescence (which is
quite absent in clara) below the longer black -hairs ; the face is
wholly covered with pale yellow pubescence and there are no black
bristles at ‘all; the postocular orbit shows silvery pile at the:sides ;
both the posterior part of the thoracic dorsum and the scutellum
beat short, bright yellow pubescence; the abdomen. has evidently
been covered with sparse pale yellow hair forming at least narrow
bands at the bases of the segments: the apical part of the abdo-
men bears, mainly at the sides, strong, brownish black scales, with
a small bunch of white scales on each side of the fifth segment and
a larger bunch of similar scales on the posterior corners of the last
segment ; the belly has more yellow hair than clara; the coxe
have each a bunch of yellow hair, the femora are nearly covered
with yellow hair above, and the hind tibiz are closely covered
with distinct brownish black scales ; the costal cell is quite clear, as
is the entire wing except for the brown, very narrow mediastinal
cell.
One example i in the Indian Museum collection from Kasia
(Amherst District), Tenasserim, captured by Dr. Annandale, 5-ii-08:
I assume its affinity to, and perhaps identity with, clara, in
spite of Walker’s brief description, also, on account of its having
been placed next to that species by that author.
The second specimen is also in the Indian Museum. ‘collec-
tion, is in good.condition, and was also taken. by Dr. Annandale. on
3-iii-08 on the Dawna Hills (2—3,000 ft.), Lower. Burma.
This differs from clara as follows :—
The frons contains yellow pubescence as well as black hairs,
the face has black hairs all over its surface instead of their being
confined to a central row, and the abdomen is longer and more
ree atthe “tip, the whole bedy being much narrower than in
clara
From the specimen I ally with lucida the present example
differs mainly in the longer, narrower body, and also in the absence
of the apical white abdominal spots, and as regards the scales on
the hind tibize, which are clothed with simple, short, black pegeats
hairs. Long. Io mm.
I909.] » Records of the Indian Museum. ATS
Anthrax aperta, WIk.
‘Redescription.
Long. Io mm. YOY
* Head: —Frons black, narrowed on vertex, where the ocelli
are placed on’ a small protuberance which does not touch the eyes ;
frons at widest part (at the base of the antennze) nearly one- third
of the head. - Eyes black, with a tinge here and there of reddish
bronze ; facets small, uniform. “The frons above the antenne bears
sparse ‘black hairs, ‘which become much thicker and more bristly
about the base of each antenna, and on the face below the antenné
are stiff black hairs covering it. Just below the base of the anten-
ne,’oneach side of the raised centre edge of the face above the
mouth is a cluster of reddish yellow scales, showing prominently
amongst the thick black bristles. Antennee black - ; first joint cylin-
drical, second sub-spherical, shorter than the first ‘and of the same
length as the third, which is conical and drawn out into a long
apical style. The first two joints have short black bristles; the
third is bare, with a little grey tomentum on upper side. Back
of head: black, nearly bare, under side of head black, aise some
short’ white hairs. Proboscis black.
° Phorax.—Ground colour of dorsum black, a thick fringe of Biiafit
reddish tawny hairs along the anterior border, continued irregularly
below, where is also a thick collar of strong ‘black bristles.
The dorsum is covered with moderately short blackish brown
hair, which is thinnest on the posterior half (partly denuded). On
the shoulders a stripe of long whitish grey hair extends downward
from the base of the wing, at which place some short grey and
red hairs unite the stripe with the anterior border of reddish tawny
hair... On each posterior callus is a bunch of long, thick white: hair,
which below becomes tawny yellow. Scutellum black, with soft
(not numerous) black hairs and traces of grey hairs on posterior
border.
Abdomen.—Broad as thorax, linear, with rounded tip. Black,
with moderately short soft black hairs, generally distributed: over
the dorsum. On each anterior corner is a thick bunch of long
white soft. hairs, and these are apparently connected. by a ‘sparse
basal band of white hairs. At about two-thirds the distance from
the base is.a transverse band of short yellowish white scales, ter-
minating at each side of the abdomen in a bunch of silvery white
long scales, below which are some yellowish ones. A small bunch
of. prominent silvery scales is placed on each side of the abdomen
near the tip. The sides of the abdomen, posterior to the basal
bunch of white hairs are clothed with black stiff bristles, with
which some long brown scales are intermixed ; and posterior to
the transverse white band the sides-are clothed with these brown
scales only. Belly black with black hair and some transverse bands
of. yellowish grey hair. rate?
476 E. BRuNEtTI : Oriental Bombylide. [ Voy. II,
Legs.—Black, femora with some soft long hairs; tibiee with
some apparently irregularly placed, short black bristles; tarsi,
minutely pubescent. Hind tibie with a number of elongated
brown scales intermixed with the black bristly spines, which are
longest on this pair.
Wings.—Quite clear. Mediastinal and sub-costal veins with
the intervening space dark brown, remaining veins black. The
extreme base of the wing is blackish brown. On the wing-shoulder,
in front of the costal basal cell, is an:elongated patch of erect
short silvery white scales, with a fan-shaped bunch of similar longer
scales, contiguous, but placed on the adjoining part of the thorax.
Halteres pale yellow.
Described {rom a specimen I believe to be a @ in the Indian
Museum collection, in perfect condition except that the posterior
part of the thorax, and the scutellum, show traces of being partly
denuded.
N.B.—The specimen here described is probably Walker’s
aperta, it having been compared with the type (from this latter
the head is missing) by Mr. Howlett, but the general description
of the author does not apply so well as it might, as he does not
mention the conspicuous collar of black bristles on the lower
anterior border of the thorax, which (in a headless specimen) ought
to have been plainly noticeable. Some minor differences are also
to be noted. My redescription will enable the present species
to be either confirmed or refuted as Walker’s species.
Anthrax manifesta, W1k.
Redescription.
9 (7). Longs 14. mm,
Head.—Frons narrowed considerably on vertex (as in aperta)
on which is the small protuberance bearing the ocelli, not touching
the eyes ; frons at widest part (base of antennz) equal to one-third
the width of the head; black, clothed with short stiff black hair,
which becomes longest and thickest round the base of the antenne,
and is continued along the middle line of the face below, whilst
there are scattered black bristly hairs on the face below the anten-
ne, intermixed with the thick bright orange-yellow bristly hair
which covers the face; some orange-yellow distinct scales being
also present amidst the lower part of this hair. Antenne black,
first joint much broader at the tip, and on both the outer and
inner sides a closely set row of strong long black spines ; second
joint bead-like, short, with a few bristles; third conical, bare,
shining, elongated into a long style. Back of head black, with
microscopic black pubescence.
Thorax.—Ground colour black. ‘The anterior border, the shoul-
ders and the sides, as far as the wings, clothed with dense, long,
bright orange-yellow hair. A thick tuft of similar hair on the
posterior calli, just behind the tegule, it being paler on the lower
1909.] Records of the Indian Museum. 477
part. Dorsum with soft short black hair which is replaced on the
posterior border by yellowish grey, rather longer hair. Scutellum
black, with soft blackish brown hair.
Abdomen.—Broad as thorax, linear, tip rounded. Black,
the dorsum occupied with rather sparse black and brown hairs,
with which, towards the base, are mixed some pale yellow hairs.
The sides from the base to the tip are clothed with dense, soft,
bright orange-yellow hair, which is interrupted just before the
tip by a tuft of thick soft black hair on each side. The extreme tip
of the abdomen bears only a few black hairs, and the yellow hairs
on each side of these are much paler. Belly covered with paler
yellow hairs.
Legs.—Black. Femora with a little soft black hair, tibiz
with a few short black irregularly placed spines, posterior tibize
with a circlet of short spines at the tip. Hind tibie with strong
long black spines, intermixed with black and brown elongated
scales which are rather numerous. All the femora have on the
upper and hinder sides, and the anterior tibize on the hinder sides,
small scattered orange-yellow scales, lying close to the surface.
Wings.—Very pale grey. Extreme base (barely encroach-
ing on basal and anal cells) dark brown, which colour extends
deeply along the costa to the end of the sub-costal vein (first longi-
tudinal), and in a slightly paler shade to the fourth longitudinal
vein, and distally to just beyond the origin of the second vein, which
is almost opposite the discal transverse vein, the marginal cell being
similarly coloured for about its basal half. Halteres pale yellowish
white. Tegule brownish, with a fringe of long orange scales.
Described from three specimens taken by Mr. Howlett at Mus-
soorie (W. Himalayas).
N.B.—This species was compared by the above gentleman
with Walker’s type at the British Museum, and as that author’s
description agrees very well, I have accepted the identification
and redescribed the species.
Anthrax clausa, mihi, sp. nov.
@. Lower Burma. Long. 84 mm.
Head.—Slightly broader than thorax and abdomen. Frons
and face black, clothed with dense short black hair. Eyes dis-
tinctly separated at vertex, the ocelli being placed well forward,
the frons widening very rapidly, until at the insertion of the anten-
ne it occupies half the width of the head. Antenne black;
first joint cylindrical, second sub-spherical, much shorter than
first; third onion-shaped, with long style, small, narrower and
shorter than second. Under side of face uniformly black, pro-
boscis almost invisible. Back of head dark grey with a few whitish
hairs.
Thovax.—Ground colour dull black ; anterior border with a
rather thick fringe of grey hairs, which apparently cover both
dorsum and sides.
478 E. BRUNE?rTI: Oriental Bombylide. [ Vor. IT,
Abdomen.—Linear with conical tip, of same width as: thorax.
Dull black (denuded), probably when in good condition the whole
abdomen is covered with whitish grey hairs. The present specimen
has bunches of such hair at the sides of the abdomen towards the
base, also at the tip. The dorsum shows little traces of hair, and
on it the hair is probably always sparser: At the sides of the abdo-
men towards the base are patches of all black hairs. pee BEES
nearly bare.
=~ .Legs.—Blackish, the inner sides of the anterior tiie aie a
brown tint. _Femora below with some soft moderately long black-
ish hairs; fore tibiae with a single row of small black bristles,
middle pair with a similar row on both outer and inner sides, -and
hind pair rather thickly clothed with them.
Wings.—Clear ; anal cell closed immediately before fe boner
discal cross-vein placed just beyond one-third of the discal cell :
first. posterior cell widely open; fork of the third vein showing a
tendency. to form an appendix. Halteres cream-white: tegule
small, dirty white, transparent, with fringe of short grey hairs...
Described from.a unique o& in the Indian Museum collection
from Moulmein (Lower Burma), taken by Dr. Annandale mea! ui
March, 1908.
N. B, —Although belonging to the genus Anthrax, which,
spite-of my -best efforts, I must leave still veal zhi ene
state for the present, I do not hesitate to describe this Species: as
new, on account of the difference in venation from the usual-form.
None of the species described from the East are recorded as: having
the anal cell closed. :
Bombylius fulvipes, Bigot.
9. -Head.—Frons at the level of the antennez occupying one-
third the width of the head, narrowing at vertex to one-fourth ;
clothed with short, golden yellow pubescence and some. longer
brownish yellow hairs. Under side of face with rather close, golden
yellow hairs of moderate length ; mouth-border bright lemon-yellow,
with moderately long yellow hairs. Antenne black: first joint
rather long, sub-cylindrical, widening gradually to the tip, with
some long yellow hairs on outer side; second joint sub-cylindrical,
barely half as long as the first, with short black hairs ; third joint
twice as long as first, bare, partly flattened vertically; -and
‘“ pinched ’’ just before the middle, terminating in a very short,
whitish blunt style. Ocelli on small prominence on the absolute
vertex, equidistant. Eyes black, bare; facets small, uniform. : Back
of head covered with rather long bright yellow hair.
Thorax.—Covered with rather long yellowish grey hair, ex-
tending entirely over the sides and scutellum. Ground colour
of both dorsum and scutellum black.
Abdomen.—Densely covered with pale yellowish grey hair,
which becomes whitish on the tip. Ground colour Diack ishs) Belly
with close pale yellowish grey hair.
1909.} ° Records of the Indian Museum. 479
. Legs:—Coxe closely clothed with yellowish grey hair. _Femora,
tibiz arid base of tarsi pale tawny: extreme base of femora and
apical half of tarsi black. Anterior femora with only a very little
soft hair below, hind pair with a row of six or seven moderately
strong black spines below. All the tibie irregularly beset -with
short black bristles which become spinose on the hind pair; and
all the tibiz have a circiet of very short black spines at the tip.
Wings.—Hyaline. Upper basal cell only a little, but dis-
tinctly longer than the lower one. Costal cell and base of wing
as far as the origin of the basal cells tawny yellowish ; the colour
then, gaining an admixture of blackish, extends to three-fourths
of the upper and the whole of the lower basal ceil, leaving the
whole discal cell quite clear’; thence extending to the posterior
margin: of the wing, filling the basal halves of the anal and axil-
lary cells, and the whole of the alule. The-discal cross-vein is
almost imperceptibly suffused. The first posterior cell ts olasii just
before the border.
~ Described from a perfect. single specimen in the Pusa collec:
tion, captured by Mr.. F. M. Howlett at Allahabad, -19-x-05.
As far as I am aware the ? has not previously been ‘described,
and though I cannot be absolutely sure of the identity, I think
the present specimen can hardly fail to be Bigot’s species.
Bombylius terminalis, mihi, sp. nov.
@. N.-W. India. Long. 5 mm.
Head.—Vertex of moderate size, dark grey. Eyes contigu-
ous for two-thirds of the distance from the vertex to the antenne ;
reddish brown. Antennee wholly black; first joint longer than
second, third nearly double the first and second together, bear-
ing a short, minute bristle; first and second joints with pale hairs.
Frons and face with yellowish hair, and:snow-white pile around
the antenne, lower part of head white with white hair. Pro-
boscis black, 3 mm. long. Back of head with short yellowish hair
above and white hair below.
Thorax.—Thickly clothed with yellowish grey hair. Scutel-
lum similar, the dark body colour being visible through the hair
on both thorax and’scutellum. Sides of thorax with similar hair,
which becomes whitish on the under side.
~ Abdomen with thick yellowish grey hair, which is thinnest
on the dorsum and thickest at the sides, becoming whitish towards
the tip of the abdomen, the last two segments of which are covered
with brilliant snow-white silvery pile and some whitish hairs.
Belly with yellowish grey hairs, white towards tip
-- Legs.—Pale yellow, the femora and tibize showing a slight
whitish reflection in certain lights. Tips of all the tarsi
black; the hind tarsi are mainly brownish, with black tips. A
few soft hairs below the femora and a row of about six well-separa-
ted spines on under side of hind pair ; tibiz with minute spines,
which are longest on hind pair.
480 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide. [Vou. II,
Wings.—Clear, veins towards base yellowish. Discal trans-
verse vein placed at one-third of the discal cell. First posterior
cell closed half-way between border and origin of fork of fourth
longitudinal vein. Halteres yellowish white.
Described from a unique o in perfect condition in the Pusa
collection, captured by Mr. F. W. Howlett at Allahabad, 3-iv-06.
N:B.—So far as his brief description goes, my species agrees.
fairly well with Bigot’s albosparsus, but he distinctly says ‘“‘ legs
and halteres black,’’ which makes it appear as a different species.
Bombylius vicinus, mihi, sp. nov.
9. N.-W. India. Long. 4 mm.
This species is so closely allied to terminalis that I had almost
decided to regard it as the @ of that species.
The differences, however, appear sufficient to be specific. The
hair on the front is more whitish, that on the back of the head
uniformly greyish yellow, very dense, the posterior orbit of the
eyes is snow-white with minute white hairs. First antennal joint
pale yellow, second somewhat lighter than in /erminalis. Base
of proboscis yellow. ‘The hair on the thorax appears. whiter, that
on the sides and under side being quite white.
The scutellum, posterior portion of the thorax and the abdo-
men are covered with rather short brownish yellow hairs. Some
white hairs at the base of the abdomen at the sides, and a few white
hairs at the tip, but no snow-white pile at the tip of the abdomen.
Legs as in terminalis.
Described from a unique @ in the Pusa collection taken by
Mr. Howlett at Allahabad, 3-iv-06.
N.B.—Possibly the @ of terminalis.
Bombylius erectus, mihi, sp. nov.
(Plate xii, fig. 27, abdominal spines.)
@o @. South India. Long. 8-12 mm.
Head.—Frons covered with short bright yellow hair, with
two arched rows of stiff black bristles, one just above, the other
just below, the antennz and reaching from eye to eye. Sides of
face with rather long, silky, cream-coloured hair. Lower part of
face light grey, with long, snow-white hair. Mouth-border reddish.
Antenne black. Back of head with yellow hair. Eyes bare, dis-
tinctly excavated behind in the middle.
Thorax.—Cinereous black, with (in semi-denuded condition)
traces of a thick yellow pile, an elongated bunch of strong black
bristles at the side, in front of the wings. Sides of thorax with
long, greyish white hair, yellowish hair immediately below the
wings. Scutellum ferruginous, black at base, with a row of strong
black bristles round the posterior edge, with yellow hair below it :
dorsum with yellow hair.
a Records of the Indian Museum. 481
~ Abdomen.—Ground colour apparently blackish brown, thickly
cipched with yellowish and whitish hair, which is generally yellowish
on the basal segments and apical one, and generally whitish on.
the others, but variable. Sides of third and fourth segments with
thick tufts of white hair, and the sides of the fifth segment with a
tuft of black hair; posterior borders of second and subsequent
segments each with a vow of closely placed, black, strong, erect spines,
forming two arcs when viewed from behind (vide figure 27). Belly
blackish, dorsum of segment with white pile, some black spines
towards the tip.
-Legs.—Blackish brown, with small spines and a silvery sheen
seen in certain lights.
Wings.—Absolutely clear, extreme base slightly tawny, a
small row of black bristles at base of costa. Tegule pale yellow,
with a narrow fringe of yellow hair. Halteres light brown.
_ Described from thirteen @ @ and twelve 2 2 from Banga-
lore in fairly good condition except for the general absence of
thoracic and abdominal pubescence: the abdominal spines have
also been rubbed off most of the specimens.
Types in the Indian Museum collection. Co-types in the
British Museum and my collection.
Dischistus resplendens, mihi, sp. nov.
7 2. India and Assam. Long. 5-6 mm.
- Head.—Face below antenne rather prominent, black. An-
tenne black, very elongated ; first very long, second very short,
both with long black hair, third longest of all, fat, with parallel
sides and a minute white style at tip. Proboscis strong, black,
as long as head and thorax together. In the ~ the eyes are con-
tiguous from just below the vertex nearly to the antennz, facets
very small, those above and towards the front being rather
larger. The whole of the face is clothed with greyish, soft long
hair, surrounded by a ringe of stronger, long, bristly black hair
placed-round the inner orbit of the eyes. Vertex wholly occupied
by the ocellar tubercle and a tuft of long black hairs; the three
ocelli being placed in contact with the eyes. Under side of head.
with soft black and grey hairs. Back of head with a thick. fringe.
of long soft vellowish grey hair, and a single row of black long:
hairs on the extreme ocular orbit.
~~ In the @ the frons is one-third the width of the head, black,.
with sparse long black hairs and with a number of brilliant emerald-
green and rose-pink small scales, intermixed and lying close to.
the surface. ‘These are also very numerous on the back of the head,
where the dense grey hair is replaced by a moderately thick fringe
of pale yellow hairs. ‘The face is shining black, bare, the mouth-
border pale yellow, bare. Under side of head with greyish white
soft hairs. :
Thorax and scutellum denuded, but ground colour black, and.
dorsum surrounded in front, at the ‘sides and behind with a dense
482 E. BRUNETTI: Oviental Bombylide. _[Vou. II,
border of thick grey hair in the ~, or amuch sparser border in
the ?. The dorsum shows signs of having been covered lightly
with yellowish grey hair. Attached to the surface of the dorsum of
both thorax and scutellum are a number of brilliant bright green
small scales, with a lesser number of rose-pink similar scales. Both
coloured scales extend numerously over the sides of the thorax.
In the @ is a quantity of black soft hair on the sides just below
and in front of the wing-insertions.
Abdomen.—Similar to the thorax, with similarly coloured
scales. In the o the shoulders have a bunch of nearly white soft
hair, with a fringe of yellow hairs between them. The sides with
thick nearly white hair. In the ? the shoulders have yellow in-
stead of white hair, and the coloured scales appear more numerous.
In both sexes some long black hairs occur over the dorsum, and
the belly is black with grey hairs and a few coloured scales.
Legs.—Black ; tibiz and metatarsi pale brownish yellow with
short spines, hind pair darker, tarsi with black rather long bristles.
Wings.—Rather dark grey, brcwnish on anterior part. Vena-
tion norma’. Ha_-teres blackish. Tegule brownish with yellowish
grey fringe.
Described from one o (type) from Dharampur (Simla hills,
5,000 ft., 6—8-v-o7 , and five @ @ from Nepal (Sukhwani,
15-11-08), Naini Tal, 14—17-iv-o7, and Assam (Mergue): all. the
specimens being in the Indian Museum. They are not more
denuded of pubescence than is usua in this family, but that which
remains is sufficient to show that perfect specimens would be of
most resplendent beauty.
Geron argentifrons, mihi, sp. nov.
oo @. India. Long. 24 mm.
Head.—Eyes contiguous, from the very reduced vertex to
the antennee ; facets of moderate size, uniform. Ocelli well sepa-
rated, semi-transparent, pale brown, placed on a. slightly raised
triangular tubercle. Antenne normal, in @ black, in ¢ first
two joints and base of third reddish. Frons from above, in @
with shining silvery white pile; in @ occupying one-fourth the
width of the head, greyish white dusted, with a silvery appearance
in certain lights, and some silvery white pile around base of antenne.
Thorax (2? denuded), ground colour deep, almost velvet-black,
slightly greyish in front of the wings. Anterior part of thorax
covered with pale greyish dust (which may possibly be present
over the whole dorsum in perfect specimens). Scutellum apparently
similar. Both thorax and scutellum with a few pale hairs. Sides
of thorax greyish white, appearing silvery in certain lights.
Abdomen (? denuded) black, sides grevish; some light scattered
hairs on dorsum, which is microscopically grey dusted. There are
some silvery white bristly hairs towards the tip (?). Belly black,
grey dusted, with some grey hairs and silver pile towards tip.
1909. ]} Records of the Indian Museum. 483
Legs.—Coxe rather pale brown, with some moderately long
and thick greyish hair. Femora concolorous with scattered grey-
ish hairs. Tibie pale yellowish brown, with short black spines
and a circlet of them at the tip, which is slightly darker. Tarsi
blackish, with some short black spines and microscopic black
pubescence ; base of metatarsi pale.
Wing.—Quite clear, iridescent; veins pale yellow; tegule
pale yellow with short hairs. Halteres rather large and promi-
nent, egg-shaped, pale lemon-yellow, nearly white.
Described from one o& (type of the species) in the Indian Mus-
eum, taken by Dr. Annandale at Lahore, 9-v-08; also one @ and
several 2 2 in the Pusa collection from Bombay and Pusa at which
latter place it was bred (24-iv-05) from caterpillars found under
the bark of the shisham tree (Dalhergia sissoo, Roxb.).
N.B.—This must be something like Macquart’s australis, but
in that species, according to the plate, there is a wide, well-defined
grey border running round the front and sides of the thorax.
Systropus nigricaudus, mihi, sp. nov.
(Id. id., Bigot, nom. nud.)
o” 92. W. Himalayas (Mussoorie). Long. 16 mm.
Head.—Vertex reduced almost. to a point. Eves black, bare ;
contiguous for rather more than half the distance from the vertex
to the antenne, gradually diverging until at the mouth-border
they occupy nearly one-third the width of the head: facets small,
of uniform size, the frons and face combined appear as an isosceles
triangle, the inner portion being very deeply retracted, leaving a
broad white margin on the three sides. Above this the antennz
are placed on a slight yellowish white (almost quite white) promi-
nence, and from the cavity below protrudes the long black pro-
boscis, 34 mm. long., which is brown at the base below. Antenne :
first joint white at the extreme base, becoming immediately pale
yellow, graduating into orange, which forms the centre part, and
deepening into black for about the apical third; the whole joint
with scattered short black spines ; second joint half the length of
the first, wholly black, closely covered with black spines ; third
joint all black, quite bare, slightly shorter than the first. Back of
head silvery white, with some short white hairs.
Thorax.—Dorsum black, finely punctate, with very sparsely
scattered very short golden yellow hairs. Two rather narrow
central grey stripes close together run from the anterior margin
to the middle where they coalesce, and continue, united to the
posterior margin. ‘These stripes are only visible when viewed from
behind. On the shoulders are placed three calli, the upper and
largest one being almost bisected, the intermediate one very small
and triangular, the lower one as large as the upper and also trian-
gular. The upper one is contiguous to a more or less oblong spot
on the dorsum, directed inwards and backwards ; the remaining
484 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide, [Vorn.. II,
calli are placed vertically beneath the upper one, all being. contigu-
ous to one another, the lower ones touching the concolorous
fore coxee. All these spots are pale yellowish white. A _ scale-
like callus is placed in front of the wing, and is yellowish white
on the anterior half, and black on the remainder, which reaches
back to the posterior callus which is yellowish white. . Below this
callus is a small round yellowish white scale, by the szde of the
scutellum, and below the wing is an orange-yellow scale-like pro-
cess, connected by a thin membrane to the just-mentioned scale.
The sides of the thorax are black, with a little blackish brown
hair and a little whitish grey hair in front of the insertion of the
wings, and a larger quantity of longer similar hair on the ‘latge
sternopleura.
Scutellum black, finely punctate, posterior half with some grey
hairs.
Abdomen.—First joint at base wider than the scutellum, rap-
idly contracting posteriorly, forming a triangle ; black, finely punc-
tate on dorsum, with some very short grey hairs. At the sides
are both black and grey much longer hairs. Second to fifth seg-
ments (inclusive) very narrow, dorsum black, sides and belly
orange-yellow, fifth slightly widening at tip. Sixth, seventh and
eighth segments widened into an elongated club, but the segments
themselves are all shorter than the others, the eighth being shortest
of all, sixth segment orange, seventh and eighth reddish brown.
The whole abdomen at sides with very short, scattered, golden
yellow hairs ; on dorsum with microscopic black hairs, and the last
three segments with very short black hairs which are also present on
the posterior borders of these latter. The anal appendage (co), with-
drawn within the ninth segment (which latter is peculiar to the
@ only, in accordance with Osten Sacken’s views in the Biol.
Cen. Am., i, 157), consists of an orange process bearing an upper
pair of jet-black conical ‘‘ claspers,’’ there being also an orange-
coloured plate projected from the eighth segment, bearing a very
small pair of black conical *‘ claspers ’ * at the tip.
Legs.—Coxee: fore pair wholly pale yellowish white, bare;
middie pair yellowish white, with a large black mark on the outer
side, on the basal half, and bearing a few dark hairs ; hind pair
black, with a little pale colour on inner sides below. Femora:
fore pair pale yellowish white, with a dark brown streak behind,
about the middle; middle pair black, extreme base and tip pale
yellowish white ; hind pair, basal half pale yellow, deepening to
orange on the apical half, extreme base black above. Tibie:
fore pair pale yellowish white, bare ; middle pair similar but with
a few very small black spines at the tip; hind pair yellowish
orange, streaked here and there with black above, with irregu-
larly placed black spines, and with a circlet of some short black
spines at the tip. Tarsi: anterior ones pale yellow, upper side
blackish on apical half; hind pair black, minutely pubescent,
slightly yellowish at extreme base, and with a row of minute black
spines below.
gog.] Records of the Indian Museum. 485
Wings.—Light brownish grey, unmarked. Halteres lemon-
yellow.
Described from one o@ from Soondrijal (Nepal), which is the
type specimen, also from a 9 from Mussoorie. Both of these are
in the Indian Museum, with Bigot’s type specimen (from Sikhim),
which is, however, in such bad condition that it is necessary to
select another specimen as the type of the species, although it
ean be seen that Bigot’s example is undoubtedly of this species.
The species is also in the Pusa collection, taken by Mr. Howlett
in September 1906, at Mussoorie.
N.B.—The two species by Vollenhoven, blumet and tessellatus,
from Java and Sumatra, respectively, are not known to me, des-
criptions not being available; I therefore describe this species
as new, the wide difference in locality rendering it highly probable
that it is distinct.
sae OF SPECIES OF BOMBYLIDA) DESCRIBED FROM LOCALITIES
= : ADJACENT TO THE ORIENTAL REGION.
EXOPROSOPA, Macq.
1. lugubris, Macq., 1840, Dip. Ex., ii, 1, 42
(320), 2 , pl. xvii, I (wing) .. Arabia.
2. ,Olivietit, Macq: 1640, 1.c:. 9. pl. xvii; 4
(wing) we a ae fd.
3. bagdadensis, Macq., 1840, l.c., 43 (325);
Q, pl. xvii, 5 (wing) . Id.
N.B.—The above three species are true Exoprosope, all with
the first posterior cell closed.
4. dedecor, Lw., 1870, Schrift Ges. Freund.
Nat., Moscow, 56 - 7; > Purkestan.
5. melena, Lw., 1874, Zeits. Ges. Natur-
wiss., xliii, 416 es .. North Persia,
6. nubeculosa, Lw., 1874, l.c., p. 56 .. Turkestan.
N.B.—These are in all probability true Exoprosope, as Loew
would hardly have confounded the genus with any other.
7, singularis, Macq., 1840, Dip. Ex., ii, I,
I (319), 2, pl. xvii, 3 (wing).. Arabia.
N.B.—A true Exoprosopa with the peculiarity of having the
first posterior cell divided by a cross-vein placed just before the
middle. This may be accidental but Macquart mentions its pres-
ence in the only four specimens examined.
8. disrupta, Wlk., 1871, Entomologist, v, 261 Arabia.
9. paupera, WIk., 1871, Id., 261 Id.
10. antica, Wlk., 1871, Id., 261 i ae
486 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide. [Vou. I,
ARGYRAMGBA, Sch.
I. etrusca,; F., 1794, Ent. Syst., iv, 257... “Persia.
2. testacea, Macq., 1840, Dip. Ex., ii,. I
(Anthrax) (339), pl. xix, 4 .. . Arabia and
Egypt. _
N .B.—In the Palearctic Catalogue this species is quoted as
a possinle synonym of Anihvax incanus, Klug (1532). :
ANTHRAX, Scop.
I. arabicus, Macq.,1840, Dip. Ex., ii, 1, 63
(341), 2, pl. xxi, 7 (wing) .. Arabia:
2. percious, Macq., 1840, l.c., 58 (336), o,
pl. xxi, 2 (wing) Persia.
N.b—The wing figure shows an appendiculation bending
towards and nearly touching the second longitudinal vein, whilst
the fork of the third vein is very considerably looped.
3. stenurus, Lw., 1870, Schrift. Ges. Freund.
Nat., Mosc, (1870), 56, and Besch.
Hur, Dip., 11,,200 (1671) .. Turkestan.
4. subarcuatus, Lw., 1870, loc. cit. (I), p. 56,
et loc. elt. (2), 2208. os Id.
5. tenuis, Wlk., 1871, Entomologist, v, 271 Arabia.
6. erythrostomus, Rond., 1873, Ann. Mus.
Gene 71v49290) <3 North Persia,
COMPTOSIA, Mcq.
1. aurifrons, Macq., 1851, Dip. Ex. Supp.,
iv, 417, 2. pl. x, 16 (wing) ...> Awstraiva
(‘* Oriental
side ’’).
2. bicolor, Macq., 1851, loc. cit., 418, 2, pl.
x, 17 (head in profile) Id.
CALLOSTOMA, Macq.
1. desertorum, Lw., 1873, Besch. Eur. Dip.,
ili, 176 te teen btirkestam,
2. soror, Lw., 1873, Lda 175 a, Id.
MULIO, Latr.
I, persicanus, Beck., 1903, Zeits. Hym. u.
Dipt., ili, 27 and 193 .. Persia.
1909. } Records of the Indian Museum.
CYLLENIA, Latr.
1. globiceps, Lw., 1870, Schrift. Ges. Freund.
Nat. Mosc. (1870), 75 and
Besch. Eur. mi Sully 220
(1871)
AMICTUS, Wied.
I. insignis, Lw., 1870, Schrift. Ges. Freund.
Nat. Mosc. (1870), 57, and
Besch; Hur. Dip. -11; 209
2... nobilis; Ww., 1870; loc.cit. (1),-p. 57, et
loc: cit, (2) 221 of
ANTONIA, Lw.
1. fedtschenkoi, Lw., 1873, Besch. Eur.
Dip., iii, 178 ss
PLATYPYGUS, Lw.
I. maculiventris, Lw., 1784, Zeits. Ges.
Naturwiss., xii, 416
BOMBYLIUS, L.
I. sericans, Macq., 1851, Dip. Ex. Supp.,
iv, 420,79 ply-xd, 3 beac in
profile)
2-2 Crassitostris, 1d. loc. cit,, A2u, 09, pl. x1,
4, head in profile
a. valbavitta,. Id., loc. cit., 421, o, pl. xi,
5, (full insect) -
N.B.—Very near crassivostris but has a long
instead of a shorter thick one.
4. pictipennis, Id., loc. cit., 422, 9 ae x1; 0
(wing) ;
5. penicillatus, Id., loc. cit., 422, 0, pl. si.
y : bes
6. candidus, Lw., 1855, Neue Beitr., ili, 34
7, tephroleucus, Jd:, loc. cit., 28 ..
8. miscens, Wlk., 1871, Entomologist, v, 271
487
Turkestan.
Turkestan.
Sarawschan-
- Thal (Cen-
tral Asia).
Turkestan.
North Persia.
Australia
(‘‘ Oriental
side’’).
Id.
Id.
thin proboscis
Id.
Id.
Persia.
Id.
Arabia.
488 E. Brunetti: Oriental Bombylide. [Vor 1:
g. exiguus, Wlk., 1871, Entomologist, v, 272 Arabia.
10, pericaustus, Lw., 1873, Bes. Eur. ee
iit 188... 2 Turkestan.
II. megacephalus, Ports., 1887, Hor. So. Ent.
Ross., xxi, TOD cr, ePersias
ACREOTRICHUS, Macq.
I. gibbicornis, Macq., 1851, Dip. Ex. Supp., |
‘iv, 425 (sex ?), pl. x, 11 (full
insect) .. e -- AUStYr alia
(‘ Oriental
Benes 7 side ’’),
(2, /tusicornis, Id, loc. :cit;,-426, 2°, pl. x; 12
(head in profile) .. ap Id.
CODIONUS, Rond.
ioe chlorizans, Rond., 1873, Ann. Mus. Gen.,
iv, 299 re . Persia.
PLOAS, Latr.
I. adunca, Lw., 1870, Schrift. Ges. Freund.
Nat. Mosc. (1870), 57, and
Bes. Bur. Dip.) ti) 2127 0" 9.5 “Turkescan:
N.B.—In Loew’s second description, only that of the 2 ap-
eee to this species, the other sex being the o of bombylitformis,
Lw..
2. bombyliiformis, Lw., 1873, Bes. Eur.
Dip., ii, 184; adunca, Lw.
(1871), IOC SC1th 1s 212 ion
only oe S .. Turkestan.
LIst OF BoMBYLID& ORIGINALLY DESCRIBED FROM UNKNOWN
LOCALITIES.
All the Anthracine herein given except the two species of
Argyrameba by Bigot, were described under Anthrax, but I have,
by a study of the affinities of the other species with which the
following were grouped, endeavoured to refer them to their cor-
rect genera. ‘The classification must therefore be accepted with
some caution,
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 489
A. Shecies probably belonging to HYPERALONIA,
1. pulchra, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. 3, 169, 2.
2. rufescens, Wlk., 1849, List: Dip. Br. Mus., ii, 238 (head
wanting).
3. imbuta, Id., Id., 242.
N.B.—The sex is not given (allied to A. fulvula).
B. Sphecies probably belonging to EXOPROSOPA.
4. fumipennis, Wied., 1828, Auss. Zwei., i, 267.
N.B.—The head of the type is wanting. In the Vienna
Museum.
5. meigenii, Wied., loc. cit., 278.
N.B.—In the Vienna Museum and Wiedemann’s collection.
6. insularis, Wlk., 1849, List Dip. Br. Mus., ii, 243, @
(head wanting).
7, wumbra, Wee Ia. 245, 2.
8. wundans, Id., Id., 246 (head wanting).
9g. vitreicosta, Tae Ta. 251 (head wanting).
N.B.—In his Ins. Saund. (p. 166) Walker queries this species
of his as a synonym of stupida, Rossi, but the Palearctic Catalogue
does not accept the identity.
IO.
G.
ete
I2.
t3;
iA,
Te
16.
1 er
5 Ro
ignifera, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. 3, 173, o.
Species probably belonging tt ARGYRAMCEBA ; 77
not, then probably to ANTHRAX (vera).
suffusa, Wlk., 1849, List. Dip. Br. Mus., ii, 251, ¢.
noctiluna, Id., Id.
succedens, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. 3, 192, 2.
D. Species belonging probably tt ARGYRAMCEBA or to
ANTHRAX.
leucotelus, Wik., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. 3, 175, 2
reducta, Td., Id., 184, 0°
gnata, Tide Id., 186, ¢
congrua, ids iG 186, o.
illata, Id., Id., 1Or...9
relata, Ia, Tas. I9gi,o
IQ.
490 E. BRUNETTI: Ontental Bombylide. [Vou.. 1,
E. Shecies belonging probably to ANTHRAX (sensu stricto).
20. purpurata, Wied., 1828, Auss. Zwei., i, 300 (‘‘ near A,
flava, cingulata,’’ etc.).
N.B.—Type in Vienna Museum.
21. emilimpida, Wied., 1828, Auss. Zwei., i, 310.
N.B.—In Vienna Museum.
22. confluens, Macq., 1840, Dip. Ex., ii, 1, 60 (338), @, pl.
xix, 9 (wing).
Type in Paris Museum.
23. notabilis, ide Ta 50 (348), o, pl.
Nix, 5 (wing).
Type in Paris Museum.
24. brunnipennis, Jd., Id., 50 (348), 2, pl.
XX, 12 (wing).
Type in Paris Museum.
25. ILuctuosa, Id., Tide 50 (348), 2, pl’
Xx1, 4 (wing).
Type in Paris Museum.
26. subannulus, Wlk., 1849, List. Dip. Br. Mus., ii, 261, &.
27. Argyrameeba aterrima, Big., 1890, Ann. So. Ent. Fr.,
Pp. 349, 7. |
N.B.—This specific name was preoccupied by Doleschall in 1858.
28. Argyrameeba acroleuca, Big., loc. cit., @.
China is queried as a locality.
29. Mulio leucoprocta, Wied., 1828, Auss. Zwei., 1, 330.
Type in Vienna Museum.
N.B.—The Palearctic Catalogue queries North Africa as a
locality.
30. Cyllenia aberrans, Wlk., 1849, List. Dip. Br. Mus., ii
PAO) (onl
N.B.—The Palearctic Catalogue quotes this as a_ possible
synonym of Mulio lugubris, Lw. (Bes. Eur. Dip., iii, 164), from
Transcaspia. If the two species are identical, Walker’s name
will have priority. .
3
31. Cyllenia afra, Wied., 1828, Auss. Zwei., i, 358.
N.B.—The author suggested Africa as a possible habitat.
He does not mention in what collection the type is to be found.
32. Phthiria hypoleuca, Wied., loc. cit., 355.
In Vienna Museum.
1909. | Records of the Indian Museum. 4QgI
33. Toxophora leucopyga, Wied., loc. cit., 361.
In Vienna Museum.
34. Systropus funereus, Costa, 1865, Ann. Mus. Zool. Nap.,
iE r52.
35. Bombylius scutellaris, Wied., 1828, Auss. Zwei., i
BA Bae *
In Vienna Museum.
3
36. B. dimidiatus, Macq., 1840, Dip. Ex., ii, 1, 368, 2, pl.
vii, 5 (wing).
N.B.—There is a dimidiatus, Mg., a European species, which
= A. fimbriatus, Mg.
37, +. canus, Macq,, loc:.cit., p. 372 (9).
N.B.—Macquart says it may be the ? of his B. latifrons known
from the Canary Islands and the Cape. Both species are now placed
in Systechus. Macquart also says canus is near hypoleucus, Wied.,
which was described from the Cape.
38. B. limbipennis, Macq., loc. cit., p. 374, 2.
In Paris Museum.
39. B.\tripunctatus, Macq., loc. cit., p. 379, pl. vii, 6 (wing).
N.B.—First posterior cell open. ‘ype in Paris Museum.
40. B. maculifer, Wlk., 1852, Ins. Saund., pt. 3, 200.
41. B. signifer, WIk., Id. Id 200, o.
8) os)
* * * * *
In addition to the above species, there are a few which were
originally described from unknown localities, but which have sub-
sequently been located from some region with certainty. These
are—
1. ‘* Anthrax" proserpina, Wied., Auss. Zwei.,i, 257. This
is admitted as a North American species by Aldrich (1905) and
relegated to Hyperalonia.
2. ‘' Anthrax” argyropyga, Wied., Auss. Zwei., i, 313
(argyropya, lapsus). Aldrich also admits this as a North American
species, placing it in Spogostylum, with Argyrameba contigua, Lw.,
as a cettain synonym, and Avrgyrameba albosparsa, Bigot, as a
doubtful one. Aldrich adopts Spogostylum in place of Argyrameba,
but the Palzarctic Catalogue adopts the latter, yet retains Sfo-
gostylum (emended to Sfongosty’um) for two species (flavipes,
Roder, and fallipes, Lw.) from Asia Minor.
3. Toxophora leucopyga, Wied., Auss. Zwei.,i, 361. This
species also Aldrich includes in his North American Catalogue on
492 E. BRUNETTI: Oriental Bombylide. [Vou II, 1909.]
Macquart’s record of it from Carolina, adding fulva, Gray, as a
synonym on Osten Sacken’s authority.
4. Systropus sallei, Costa (1865), Ann. Mus. Zool. Nap., ii,
151. Aldrich records this from Mexico. ;
5. Systropus funereus, Costa, loc. cit., p. 152. This species
Aldrich thinks as synonymous with S. fenoides, Westw., this latter
author recording it from Mexico.
na eeeOeeeaeee-—an53_ eee S5—5_ ees eee ees
Fic?
SOON ANEW DH
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.
Atherix cincta, Brun., 2 , wing.
calopa, Brun., ~ , abdomen.
lanopyga, Brun., @ , full insect.
limbata, Os. Sac., @ , wing.
metatarsals, Brun., & , wing.
id., hind leg.
Leptis apicibennts, Brun., @ , wing.
Macellopalpus fulvidus, Brun., @ , head in profile
Chrysopilus albopictus, Brun., @ , wing.
marmoratus, Brun., o , wing.
segmentatus, Brule os "abdomen.
a id: wing.
unicolor, Brun., @, wing.
- stigma, Brun., o&, wing.
Hyperalonia suffusipennis, Brun., 2 , wing.
Exoprosopa collaris, Wied., 2 , wing.
lateralis, Brun., 9 , wing.
bengalensis, Macq., 2 , wing.
vetroysa, Brun., 2 , wing.
annandalet, Brun., @ , wing.
insulata, Wik., 2 , wing.
brahma, Sch, _ wing.
Areyrameba bipunctata, Fab., wing.
ceylonica, Brun., o , abdomen.
iF genttlis, Brun., o 9 , wing.
Anthrax, sp. (Poona), ? 2 , wing.
Bombylius erectus, Brun., ~ 9 , abdominal spines.
Toxophora javana, Wied., insect in profile.
99
39
g
Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. I, 190% Pitairem ie
D.Bagchi, del. Bemrose [4 Derby
ORIENTAL LEPTIDAE & BOMBYLIDAE.
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ei ye ;
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itimprialebadare
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