ey . ry \sh-shat WP Gat Gear cb-crektariede sete teen en ee lar Sates oberatetentntertatas Ee ET te Tt 3 i dbeetndelpteth- desea eed my ~ hel “ “ YF eee ee ria ~ coed Wade tishdht> en ntt ek b seen cies tetedes axeowt Sinaiva cabieta ete hee a WT EE me . Latha ‘ oe ere — bab . “~~ ~ _ . > * vgs pes “ 4 “~-* ty * ih abeheb oo) we ad - rr are te 2 9 Ve Gee eh or ruRtate! wie yh ane mtr ane ph deteDededieditnd-dro redo ee Pte aren fot can vr nwun es wae Phe re a eRe Ha wig wate ates - ° Sashes - 3% — errr se to = ee pip ow aw on > “s - - Boe Forksattohcith ieee ‘2 oe a i oo ey Ok Peg oto eho hetetyneneatantha sete vigiete qre-enentamnnten RECORDS of the INDIAN MUSEUM (A JOURNAL OF INDIAN ZOOLOGY, Vol. HI, 1908-09. EDITED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT, INDIAN MUSEUM, NATURAL HISTORY SECTION. Calcutta : PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. 1908-09. Gabi ny ee ane 2: re aaaa ; re AG WOG4 4 . ; ELCLINVT Le % ; a a! by ¢ o heey a - 2 ‘ . CONTENTS. Part I, Aprit, 1908. Page The Retirement of Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock, with a list of his papers, etc., on Indian Zoology... ee, L I. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal— Part VI.—Further observations on the Polyzoa, with the description of a new genus of Entoprocta .... 11 II. Description of a new Dictyonine Sponge from the Indian Ocean ... eee ae soul, 20 III, Notes on Freshwater Sponges No. VIII. — Preliminary notice of a collection from Western India, with descriptions of two new species 25 IV. Remarkable cases of variation— No. I.—Squilla tnvestigatoris sae see §=-29 V. Description of a new species of lizard of the genus Salea from Assam — = re fous Ee VI.° The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal— ; Part VHI.—Preliminary description of an Oligochezete Worm of uncertain position = oa 3G VII. Description of a new Cavernicolous Phasgonurid from Lower Siam vee aes shee VIII. Descriptions of new species of marine and freshwater shells in the collection of the Indian Museum ate, 245 IX. Notes on Oriental Syrphidz, Part I en a 40) X. Description of a new variety of Spongilla loricata a 0/7 XI. Notes on Oriental Diptera— No. V.—Description of a new species of Psychodid of the genus Phlebotomus sia ae LOL Miscellanea (pp. 105—112): Remarks on Simotes splendidus _ ... ss TOS Corrections to No. [V of ‘Notes on Oriental Diptera pee) OF A note on the Isopod genus Tachea $93 enloy The habits of the Amphipod, Ouadrivisio bengalensis ... 107 New varieties of Nanina “berlangeri aa Corbicula fluminalts 108 Recent additions to ie collection of Entozoa in fe Indian Museum we see os Ber ie fe; XII. XII. XIV. XV... XVI. AVI, XVIIL. XIX, XX. 60 XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV, XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX, Contents. A sub-fossil Polyzoon from Calcutta ae Corrections as to the identity of Indian Phylactoleem: vet Notes on a peculiar form of Englena Parr Ty luuij100s8. Gordiens du Musée Indien Ae The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal -- S Part IX.—A new species of Amphipoda Description of a new species of Danio from Lower Burma Rhynchota Malayana, Part I Cimex rotundatus, Signoret Notes on Freshwater Sponges— No. I[X.—Preliminary notice of a collection from Burma, with the description of a new species of Tubella Fruits Bats of the genus Pteropus inhabiting the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelagos aoe eee A new species of Sun-Bird obtained near Darjiling Three Indian Phylactoleemata On two new species of Eagle-Rays (Myliobatidae) Description of a new species of the genus Sesarima, Say., from the Andaman Islands eee eee Descriptions of new species of land, marine and fresh- water shells from the Andaman Islands... ee Part III, Ocrosper, 1go08. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal Part X.—-Decapod Crustacea, with an account of a small collection from brackish water near Calcutta and in the Dacca District, Eastern Bengal Page 109 IIo Te The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal Part Xl —Two new Mysidee from brackish water in the Ganges delta On some Oriental Soe with descriptions of new forms The difference eee the Takin (Budorcas) from the Mishmi Hills and that from Tibet, with notes on variation displayed by the former On Caridina nilotica (Roux) and its varieties Description of a new species of Charaxes from the Bhutan Frontier is) w ioe) Contents. XXX. First report on the collection of Culicidae and Corethridze in the Indian Museum, with descriptions of new genera and species as "Miscellanea (pp. 303—307) : Measurements of the skeletons of two large Indian elephants in the Indian Museum ae — The young of -£lurus fulgens ee : Notes on some Bagachi. recently added to the collect on of the Indian Museum Ree Breeding habits of T ylototriton verrucosus The occurrence of Rhinodon te at the head of the Bay of Bengal Note on Ephxdatia meyent (Carter ) Parr IV, DecemMBER, 1908. NXNXI.L Report on a collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Captain F. H. Stewart, I.M.S., during the year 1Q07 Part I.—Introduction, Coelenterates, Nematomorpha, Rotifers and Gastrotricha, Entomostraca, Arachnids, Fish (Systematic) and Batrachia ae XXXII. Notes on Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Indian Museum, Bact 4 ae eas oa a XXXIII. Indian Psychodid NXXIV. Description of a new species of mouse from the Madura District, Madras... res ar aoe XXXV. Some Cleridze of the Indian Museum XXXVI. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal— Part XII.—Description of a new species of aaa worm of the genus Spro XXXVII. Description of a new species of Saw-Fish captured off ae Burma Coast by the Trawler “ Golden Crown ” = XXXVI. A new Sting-Ray of the genus Trygon from the Bay of Bengal ... oe er, ae XXXIX. New Micro-lepidoptera from India and Burma XL. Notes on some Chrvsomelid Beetles in the collection of the Indian Museum ... i ae ost XLI. Six new Cicindelinze from the Oriental Region XLII. Description of a new Slug from Tibet Part V, JANUARY, 1909. XLII. Revision of the Oriental Leptide XLIV. Revised and annotated catalogue of Oriental Bombylide, with descriptions of new species vor ae 111 Page i) ioe) “I a vo SI = 5 : 7 7 i * a ' _ , he ; " > : y = - 1 ee ‘ ‘ fey A uo 0 7 : 2 Ls . ’ : 7 Ps a 7 ; a > * » y 5 7 A a . Zep , - 7 ad A ’ : e : i 7 Yams . 5 2 . 7 = te ¢ ‘ ‘ 7 e re ; ae . , 4 7 1 A . by - G t : - 1 } * ‘ 7 7 7 = , , " . LIST OF PLATES. _ Follow page Plate I (Eurele annandalet ) Poe ui oe 4 Plates IL and Ill (Squilla investigatorts) eee cago Plates IV and V (Kagle-Rays) a oe LOO Plate VI (Grandidierella bonnieri) Pan ais ae bad Plates VIL and VIIT (Malayan Rhynchota) St: eps y Plate IX (Spongilla loricata var. burmanica) sah “as, 100 Plate X (Skulls of Eagle-Rays) kite ae an OG Plate XI (Sesarima thelxinoé) waa me one GO Plate XII (Leptidee and Bombylidz) ... a Saat: AO? Plate XU (Cimex rotundatus and C®lectularius) v- 156 Plates XTV to XVII (Andaman Shells) of ne 2Lo Plates XVIII and XIX (Crustacea) oe =e sree Plate XX (Caridina nilotica) ve “7 ie od. Plates XXI and NXII (Mysidz) ae oe sa. 240 Plate XXIII (Floor of nasal chamber of Budorcas taxtcolor) ... 254 Plate XXIV (Indian Psychodidee) tes aan wes. 384, Plate XXV (Tibetan Fish) = ee se 940 Plate XXVI (Views of the Rham-Tso) nee we 340 Plate XXVII (Trygon niicrops) ioe Sas 7 204 tk oe ; wey : . of ; ' Po) : ; ee : ; : 4 m : : 7 i 7 : - I + ay + : | , : : 4 ‘ : Prey ‘ MG es - 3 , Pa : a fi : : i 5 ~ ae " : é: se eo " ‘ ' : : ; i : fg? ; as ; ; ; eae i : F F . Fy : 7 ’ f ; ‘ r : ' : 7 7 c i ' ‘ 1 ad vis re *) gry he oa 7 re er a a: _ ee ar ; - Ve i Py 7 ' 7 : A . 4 \ v 1 a 7 a ep ete aoe : Le i to : _ Nig Berge : i 1 race : ' ' ; ; 2 i a : : a 7 7 7 7 y re a . if 7 - ty feed b foe a x ct ‘ ' : o : ies 1 : : i‘ rn i yo, 1 La, 22s 7 " a) ” ' . . ae we . 7 ' oa r ¥ on F , 7 - oe 7 : 1 oto ft wae ere yoara ua i - a i + : ? : vere aie ae? Bast cn Ve Ge r . tLe ae abe fee tne "as oe : r q = 4 a 7 ‘ : 1 rae , 1 ee, - . re “ei ‘ : rs : ’ US : 5 Ay ww ee : ee i, 1a . % * ‘ © , ' : . + ; . . : } : A 5 : ee a 0 7 : 1 te : 7 - ‘ a 4s : h PRR Dh tt ' + ip tude a eee ied e ie 3 {oy Noten : i ‘ : : - F “ : * oe Ayiey ! : = > at . A ' : n a 4 i ie a . oe ' = he = | rane ft Pes) an mis Hats a - a - ae fe 1 a he : : : Se ER 4, eM : . - _ — ae 7 , eee) a om : : : we te fog ; a ae: _ a, : x. ye ¥ im - FE Tages UE . tine! : + : , + . . 7 7 : ; : ' alee ade 1 : : : vet ' ; ’ A Bat . Re - rs e Ce J . ‘ 8 . . : e : i 7 3 ; ; a : “ ‘ - 7 r : : ayy 1 ny 7 i . : 7 toa . “ a : Ay 7 ie + ye 1 es hy. ' 4) on re oie Ms A :” if , ‘ : ' ' on i ‘ ‘ ‘ : . ' tet, eu . 5 a 2 ‘ ; A | me, ? it i ' : ¥ : f ‘ ‘ 7 - a : 7 m ' ia i ' ; +. a i ; i : ” a oe , ‘ . v 4 ‘ 1 = > . . * ; : - ‘ # - . in oe 1 : : ' * ‘ . A , : _ ' ‘ 7 i on / 1 J 7 a : ¥ - F rf : a on $ ; me es ’ - = er . Eis t OF “AW hHORS: Annandale, N.,-B.A., D.Sc. Bentham, T. Bingham, C. T., Colonel Brunetti, FE. The retirement of Lieut.-Col. Alcock, with a list of his papers, etc., on Indian Zoology, p. 1.—The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, Part VII, p. 11.—Notes on sain: ater Sponges, No, VII, p. 25; No. IX, p. 157.—Description of anew species of Lizard a the genus Salea from Assam, p. 37.—Notes on Oriental Diptera, No. "Vip . 1o1.—The habits of the Amphipod, Ome bengaleusis, p. 107. Corrections as to the identity of Indian Phylactolemata, p. t1o.—Three Indian Phylactolemata, p. 169.—Notes on some Batrachia recently added to the collection of the Indian Museum, p. 304.--Breeding habits of Tylototriton verrucosus, p. 305.— Note on Ephydatia meyeni (Carter), p. 306. Report ona collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart, I.M.S., during the year 1907, Part I: Obser- vations on some specimens of Hydra from Tibet, with notes on the distribution of the genus in Asia, p. 311, and description of the tadpole of Rana pleskii, with notes on allied forms, p. 345.—A new Sting-Ray of ie genus Te vgon from the Bay of Bengal, D> 393: < new species of Sun-Bird obtained near Darjiling, p. 167.-The difference between the Takin (Budorcas) from the Mishmi Hills and that from Tibet, with notes on variation displayed by the former, p. 249. — Measurements of the skeletons of two lar ge Indian elephants in the Indian Museum, p. 303.—The young of lurus julgens, p. 304. Description of a new species of mouse from the Madura District, Madras, p- 385. Notes on Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Indian Museum, Part I, p. 347. Notes on Oriental Syrphidz, Part I, Pp. 49.— Indian Psychodidae, p. 369.— Revision of the Oriental Leptidze, p. 417.— Revised and annotated catalogue of Oreneal Bomby- lidee, with descriptions of new species, p- 437- vil Camerano, Prof. L. Chaudhuri, B.L,, B.A., B.Sc. Daday, Prof. E. von Distant, W. L. Godwin-Austen, Lieut. Col. H. Hi, F.RS., etc. Hirst, A, Oe Horn, Dr. Walther Kashyop, Shiv Ram, B.Sc. Kirby, W. F. Kirkpatrick, R. Linstow, Dr. O. von Lloyd, R.E., M.B., Capt., I.M.S. D.Sc., Man, Dr: [,.Gede Mason, G. E. List of Authors. Gordiens du Musée Indien, p. 113.—Report on a collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart, I.M.S., during the year 1907, Part I: Sur les Gor- diens recueillis par le Capitaine F. H. Stewart dans le Tibet, p. 315. Description of anew species of Danio from Lower Burma, p. 125.—Description of a new species of Saw-Fish captured off the Burma coast, p. 391. Report on a collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart, I.M.S., during the year 1907, Part I : Ento- mostraca et Hy drachnidze e Tibet, p. 323. Rhynchota Malayana, Part I, p. 427. Description of an Agr tolimax from Gyantse, Tibet, collected by "Capt. K, H,. Stewart, LMS., with details of its anatomy, p. Any, On some Oriental Solifugee, with descrip- tions of new forms, p. 241, Six new Cicindelinze from region, p. 409. Notes on a peculiar form of the Oriental Euglena, p. 111. Description of a new Cavernicolous Phas- gonurid from Lower Siam, p. 43. Description of a new Dictyonine Sponge from the Indian Ocean, p. 21.—-Description of a new variety of Spongilla loricata, p. 97. Recent additions to the collection of Entozoa in the Indian Museum, p. 108. Remarkable cases of variation, No. I, p. 29. —On two new species of Eagle-Rays (Myliobatidz), p. 175.*The occurrence of Rhinodon typicus at the head of the Bay of Bengal, p. 306.—Report on a collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart, LM.S., during the year 1907; Part 1 Report on the fish collected in Libet, p:°34T. Description of a new species of the genus Sesarma, Say., from the Andaman ERE: p. 181.—The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, Part X, p. 211. -On Caridina nilotica (Roux) and its varieties, p. 255.—Report on a collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart, I.M.S., during the year 1907, art I: Note on a free-living Nematode from Rham-Tso Lake, Tibet, p. 314. Fruit Bats of the genus Pteropus inhabiting the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelagos, p. 159. Meyrick, E., B.A., F.R.S. Paiva, CoA. Patton, W, S., Capt., M.S. Preston. tl. 5., 1.2.5, Rhe-Philipe, G. W. V. de Schenkling, S. Schlesh, Hans Stebbing, T. R. R., Rev., M.A., F.R.S. Stephenson, J.,. Major, I.M.S. Stewart, F. H., Capt., I.M.S. Tattersall, W. M. Theobald, F. V. Wall, F., Major, L.MLS. Waters, A. W. Se Willey, A., D.Sc., F.R.S. - List of Authors. 1X from India and New Micro-lepidoptera Burma, p. 395. Notes on some Chrysomelid Beetles in the collection of the Indian Museum, p. 4or, > ns aPrt eee ey ~ Cimexv rotundatus, Signoret, p. 153. Description of new species of marine and freshwater shells in the collection of the Indian Museum, p. 45.-—Description of new species of land, marine and_ freshwater shells from the Andaman Islands, p. 187. Description of a new species of Charaxes from the Bhutan Frontier, p. 285. . Some Cleridz of the Indian Museum, p. 387- New varieties of Nanina berlangeri and Ss Corbicula fluminalis, p. 108. Anote on the lsopod genus Tachea, p. 107.— The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Can- ning, Lower Bengal, Part IX, p. 119. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, Part VII, p. 39. 2 Report ona collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart, I.M.S., during the year 1907, Part I: Introduction, p. 309, and Rotifers and Gastrotricha from Tibet, p. 316. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Can- ning, Lower Bengal, Part XI, p. 233. First report on the collection of Culicidze and Corethridz in the Indian Museum, with descriptions of mew genera and Species, p..207. Remarks on S/iotes splendidus, p. 105. A sub-fossil Polyzoon from Calcutta, p. 109. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Can- ning, Lower Bengal, Part XII, p. 389. ERRATA. Page 212, line 12. For “in the Dacca District” read “at Jhalakati in 9 rh) bh) a the Backergun] District.” 249, line 5 from bottom. For “figs. 2 and 3” read “figs. 2 and x.” 253, under ‘‘Mishmi average” and opposite “ Length of horn.” For Pa me hedge 50Gr 322, line 13 from bottom. For “ P. squammatum” read “L, squam- matuin,” 322, lines r and 13 from bottom, and page 323, line g from top. For “ Zelenka” read “ Zelinka.” 359, line 7, and page 368, line 4. For “ Taunghi” read “ Tonglu.” 363, line 22. For “ Anthrena burkelli” read “ Anthrena burkilli.” 383, lines r2and 1g. For “marginipunctata” read “margininotata,” ey ri | V.B.—An asterisk ( dagger (+) Page A Abirus saa bie 405 andamansis 405 angustatus 405 rAcmzea semicornea 203 Acocephalinze 145 Acreotrichus a .. 488 fusicornis a. ~=—488 gibbicornis 488 +Acrocercops cyclopa 308 sauropis 398 +thraustica “e._ 208 Aculeate Hymenoptera . 347, 308 /Edeomyia squamipenna ee > 802 /Elurus fulgens 304 /Etheomorpha nigropicta wee 402 /Etherea 07 /Ethopyga sa 107 +griseiceps 107 nepalensis oa Aétobatis : 175). 270)-179 Agenia alaris phe Agriolimax 413 agrestis 415 campestris ae | var. castanea 413 | hyperborea 413 intermedius 413 | montanus 413 occidentalis 413 tristis 413 hyperborea 415 | laevis me ALS tibetanus 413, 414 Alaba blanfordi 107 +warnefordiana 197 Allodape parvula ae ‘ 306 Alona guttata ave BSA. 220 Amblycara gladiatoria a) bey Amictus ae 25h =e ez insignis aoe 3do7 nobilis = 487 | Ammophila ( Psammophila) tydei 355 Amphipoda ..,. 107, 310) 210; 311 Anastcechus ” 458 | longirostris eae 458 printed in Italics. | _ Andrena floridula re | gracillima ... lugubris, var. mephistophelica | moris | Anopheles aitkeni Anophelinze Anthomyia a | bisetosa... aes | illocata ... aie lobalis Ae tonitrul | Anthophora pulcherrima quadrifasciata Anthracinze Anthrax - 437, 438, 488 *) preceding a line denotes a new variety or sub-species ; a peice a new species; anda double- dagger (a5); a new genus ; in the case of synonyms the page numbers are Page 362 | 2 rax 437, 438, 447, , 451, 454—456, 471, 478, 486, 488—490 | absalon 452, 455 afer 451 | afra 451, 455 | albida : we AGT albofulva 454, 455 | alexon . 445 angustata (? ) 454, 472 antecedens ... 453, 455 aperta 438, 453, 455, 475, 476 apicifera ‘ we?) 454 arabicus ve 400 | elev Oye 449, 491 aterrima we = gd aurantiaca 440 auriplena 445 basifascia... 447 (?} bimacula .. 454 | (?) brunnipennis sex © AQ0 | ceeruleopennis oe As | carbo we 450 | carbonaria 437, 448 | cingulata as 490 clara 452, 453, 455, 473, 474 | fclausa 454, 455) 477 | collaris - we 447 combinata ... 440, 442 confirmata ., 430, 442 (?) confluens «s 490 congrua 2) 489 452,455, | degenera 448 Anthrax demonstrans Page 439, 442 devecta sa 441, $42 dia 453, 455 distigma we 449 doryca 441 duvaucelii 452, 455 emarginata ... 437, 454 (?) emilimpida 490 emissa 448 emittens we «= 448 erythrostomus Zoe 480 fimbriatus 451, 491 flava 490 flaviventris ee eRe fulvula 453, 455, 4890 (?) gnata ss. .. 489 hottentotta 455 *var. claripennis 452 hyalina os . #52 (?) illata we 480 incanus Bate ws 400 instituta ee 452 insulata ane sce 440 Laie vee nae 443 latifascia eis 440, 442 leucopyga_... 453, 455 leucostigma . 451, 455 (?: leucotelus w. = 489 limpida 453, 455 lucens aoe we «= 452 lucida - 453, 455, 474 (2) luctuosa ... sre se AOO manifesta 438, 453, 455, 476 maura ae 451 (?) noctiluna... we. = 480 (2) notabilis ... ws 490 paniscus 452, 455 pelops 441 pennipes : 443 percious a 480 (?) praedicans 454 (?) pretendens 454 proferens .. 448 proserpina .. 491 purpuraria ... oo = 4.39 (?) purpurata ws. 490 (?) reducta ... 489 referens 452, 455 (?) relata .. 489 ruficollis ieee 444 satellitia 451,455 satyrus 440 semilucida os 447 semiscita Pe 450 sirius 451 sphinx .. 440 stenurus ae Bak 486 (?) subannulus A 490 subarcuatus ... ile 1ibst6) (?) succedens : 489 (?) suffusa we «=. 489 tantalus aos oe 438 tenuis bes A 486 11 \ \ | Anthrax terminalis... testacea trimaculata tripunctata troglodyta ... varia ae ventrimacula +Anthrena brunneipennis burkilli Bed floridula ... gracillima ... mephistophelica mollis moris ae nigrozenea... sodalis Antonia : ve fedtschenkol .., Anurzeidze ... See Aphrophora inclyta_... rogveholeray ane Apidze a Apis lanata quadrifasciata Arachnida Arevramceba 437, 449, 450, Page 451, 455. .. 486 437, 449 449 452, 455 .. 450 441, 464 wees ERO a 363 362 304 304 we 2 ROH sires eee Oe 363 304 487 487 Bei vent CEASE oe ueEgO ee 200 oe = 365 ee 367 243, 300 451, 454, 471, 486, 488, 489, 491 albosparsa 491 (? Anthrax )acroleuca 490 aterrima 490 appendiculata aterrima 449, 471 448, 450 bipunctata 437, 448, 450 Garbo” less fceylonica (?) congrua consobrina contigua degenera distigma emissa emittens etrusca ... tell aie ver +gentilis (?) gnata (2) illata instituta (?) leucotelus limatulus Hoyt ses melania nivea ... yniveisquamis (?) noctiluna (?) reducta (2) relata semiscita (?) succedens (2) suffusa testacea Welaky | Ape Ascaris attenuata 450 4509, 471 eee OO) 449 a (AOE 448, 451 437) 449 we 448 449 440, 450, 470 489 450, 472 489 480 489 ies «= AO 150 var. ter minalis 150 subapicalis pe cies subnotata... Noe 149 testacea tee ne 150 unifasciata 140 verticalts LAG Colasposoma affine... ee a AOS creruleatum 405 Page Colasposoma_nitida vie = 405 ornatum Seq lS Colsa Bae be en ed costeestriga eee sa, SEGA tmatanga ave eae «134 Coluber radiatus 109 tColumbella suavis ... “ee TOS Comastes ee Peer iy, pulchellus .., woe = 457 Comptosia i 450, 486 aurifrons ... we ~~ 486 bicolor... see ASO brunnipennis fe p50 Gonsidia:*** sis Po wee: cavata eee soe 132 nitidula a) ato oblonga re Pre Mae Gey? transversa... eee 132 + Conus edwardi 190 zonatus eve 1goO Copepoda 310, 324, 341 Copeus labiatus 318 Coptocephala dubia 406 Corbicula fluminalis ... ses 108 *var, holstiana 108 irawadica 48 tsylhetica ... nee 47 syriaca “ae wee =—« T08 Corethra asiatica te RO Corethridz 287—302 Corophiidze 119 Corynodes andamanensis 405 ‘‘andamansis ”’ 405, 406 bengalensis 408 Cosmoscarta borealis ee WIGS, {Crabro annandali s 358 melanotarsis #350 *Crassatella radiata var. obsoleta 205 Crioceris quadripustulata 401 Criorhina : 87 T(?) dentata _ . 87, 88 Criorhinze Ras 88 Crustacea a ee (oy) Crypsithyris aay oss = 309 Tspelea ay. 399 Cryptocephalus analis 404 colon : 404 interjectus ws» 406 var. A 407 B 407 Culex es ae 287, 295 fatigans 208 fuscocephala 209 gelidus -- 208 microannulatus 287, 297 mimeticus we ann 297 ;minor “ss iG. 7208 sitiens ar 287, 298 tigripes San cia, 2d vishnui Fox 287,207 Culicidz ve 287—-302 Cyclopida : + 341 Cyclops Ae 340 vi Page Cyclops serrulatus 3244-325 strenuus : 324, 325 ar. lacustris - § 325 viridis 324, 325 Cyllenia... . 487 (Anthrax ?) aberrans ... 490 afra ses 490 globiceps see = 487 Cyprinoids ies, QO? Cyprinotus congener seer -. 7882 D Dabrescus = 145 costalis sua, = 1046 ineffectus wae DAS leetisigna ... cs | «146 metallicus ... oye og US nigrilinea ‘a 140 remotus T45 Daha 131 arietaria 131 tkuchingensis 131 Danio soe 7125 albolineatus Perma) f35) tannandalei_.., sag! 2G dangila aS saa B20 spinosus ae Pee 10) Daphnia longispina 324, 330 var. caudata 33 Dasyceroclerus, sp. 388 Decapod Crustacea 211% 255 Deineches ee ie tsimioides .., sok, od Dendrophis pictus 109 Desvoidea 287 fusca = soar 129% obturbans , 203 var. fusca 293 Diamysis : 234 Diapromorpha dejeani_ 403 melanopus 404 pallens »° 404 turca 403 var. D 404 Diaptomus paulseni 324, 32 ttibetanus... 324—320 Diaschiza exigua 319 semiaperta ... 319 taurocephalus «319 Dicerobatis ; 176, 179 eregoodoo. 179, 180 tthurstoni ne ee Didea _ ‘ 54, 56 tDideoides Sig 54 fovata 54) 55 Diestrammena annandalei 43 unicolor as 43 Diglena catellina ais 318 tDinda se ae} ice maura a 130 Dinocharidze ae 319 Dinocharis pocillum Dinomachus aie tfusus marshall +Diplodonta insulsa_ ... Diploptera ... aes Dischistus ... oe tresplendens *Doda ans tlaudata Ate Donax incarnatus Tnuxtagus +tiesenhauseni ttrigonalis ee Dorylaimus mn stagnalis ... Drillia digitalis an exaspcrata oo. traga ae tsikesi ee Dryopoides ... oo Dunhevedia crassa... Dysalotus alcocki! E Ectoprocta ... Elachistidz a Elasmognathus ae helferi . thewetti Elephas indicus Elis ceylonica prismatica aa Ellampus timidus a. Entomostraca ae Entoprocta. aie Entozoa ean Eoscarta oes antica borealis eat eos ferruginca ... rufa Pe subdolens Ephydatia fluviatilis indica ae meyeni: ,. miulleri _ Eriozona analis truficauda *... Eristalis -e ae cognatus ot dimidiqe (Eristalomy ia) sapphirina 7o himalayensis intricarius ... orientalis Sar saxorum ae semicirculus ... sepulchralis ... solitus an Page see 128 wee 128 a60 128 207 ve 359 oe §=— 458 458, 481 nh 144 T45 ; 208 se 207 sé 208 208 3t4) 315 314, 315 ae IOI coi: 192 500 IQI Boe IQI uno 119 324, 327 asic 109 Goo. Wig 10) oe 390 eve 2 an 12 E2 eae 303 an 352 é 352 ne VBA 399; 323, 341 11, 24, 15; 10 re 70 bo FO cor 70 wt 66 70 66 Ha Pa Loe Eristalis tenax a8 _ JI—73 var, campestris 7X tortuosus rice 7O ursinus ne = 70 Kstheria davidi , vee) 3300 Eucharimyia dives _.., See 7) Euchlanidz se 20 Euchlanis dilatata reancese Euclovia w= «129 tconvexa Serre 10) okade ale ene 1120 TEucypris minuta sae SLO; 32a, 332 Ttibetana B24). 380,938 Euglena coe. 2 ee tuba rip erp a La Ee Eulais megalostoma ae, (340 _ ttibetana 324, 339 tEulima balteata san 100 Eumenidz co SO Eumerus aan, Ope TE argentipes as 76 argyropus .. vee VOMIT, tnepalensis .. ae 70 Eurete : ice 2 2Qaou: tannandalei_... sn 21.28 erectum eee 24 var. tubuliferum 24 Euretidz : lee +Euryalona annandalei 224, 328 Euryaulax ses es L3F +Eusimonia celeripes ... 2A1, 247 turkestana 247 Exoprosopa 437, 438) 443) 447) 454) 455» albicincta albida ia. alexon tannandalei antica oe audouimi ... auriplena bagdadensis basifascia bengalensis binotata ‘“ bipunctata”’ brahma ceeruleopennis chrysolampis collaris dedecor disrupta doryca 466, 485, 4890 50 440 447, 400 445, 447, 406 445, 409 ee 85 441, 464 4451 447, 400 ele 455 447, 400 he AAS 437, 444, 445 445 446, 448 we 437 439 4371 444) 447 485 sae 05 uel 44r tammea 444, 447, 405, 400 tlavipennis 444, 447, 405, (?) fumipennis fuscipennis (?) ignifera (2) insularis insulata javana — eve lar 400 we = 489 ee «= ASD ate 489 ; 480 444, 440, 447 oe 445 443, 444, 447 +Exoprosopa lateralis vill Page 445,448, 467 flatipennis 444, 447, 404 leuconce aoa lugubris Ary wok (7) meigenil se.) cOO melaena daa, © ASS nubeculosa e 485 obliqua —.s axe © 442 octonotata ve 446 olivieril ... wn, MOS paupera ... woe = 485 pennipes ... . 443, 444, 447 tretrorsa ... 445, 408 satyrus 440 semilucida 447, 400 singularis 485 stupida ... 489 tantalus ... 439 tricolor... Jig A155 tristis ... wa 439 (?) umbra we = 489 (?) undans 489 vitrea, ... ae ky (?) vitreicosta soe 4, 400 F Farrea or wes as G} occa var. foliascens my 2 laminaris eee 2 Felis pardus vs ids 108, 109 tigris ot 108 Fenithicola funestus ... 388 Fish a 306, 309, 311, 341 Fossores: se ct son lta) Pulsorides: sce cas a ee G Galeodes ae ae. 246 afghanus ... ev 240 -agilis ae “2A, 22.240 tannandalei ve 8245 araneoides ... 243, 247 Faulicus ne 241, 246 auronitens ay, 248 bacillifer 245—247 -.caspius a: 2A tchitralensis 243, 247 *sub-sp. _ pallescens 244 citrinus vai -7 dey, 20 , var. nigripalpis 243 darius sas dec SQA fatalis as oe = - 243 tfestivus oe 242, 240 tfischeri «os 2AT, 244, 246 indicus see 243—245, 247 obscurior soe eA macmahont ... 2»AT, 240 nigripalpis ... oar ees orientalis... dor 240 pococki eee coe 243 | Page Galeodes schach ie wae eee _ truculentus ... oan BAS Gammaridea “ite i ~ O Gastrotricha 300). 310, 3225-323 Gelechiadze Ae sets 7306 Geron Soars neers 417, 459 targentifrons ... 459, 482 australis is 459, 483 simplex re a 50 +Gibbula ahena a : 201 tccent aoe 2% 201 phzedra Be ae 5 Ol Gordiidz ae | 113, S15,.810 Gordius : 115, 117 aéneus ay bore Un doriz ss : 115 fulgur a : 115 parone ose . 110 fzavattarli... ven. TENG +Gorytes icaritformis ... : 350 +Gottonia andamanica vue 45; 40 Gracilariadee ns ws 398 Grandidierella abe iaeen LOU tbonnieri we 120 mahafalensis = 119—-122 Graptomyza oc ae iB duodecimnotata ... 63 longirostris tae 63 “var, duo- decimnotata 63 tsexnotata ds 63 ventralis a 63 Gynandrophthalma crassipes ... 402 pallida sox Sen Gyponine (?) sis 144, 145 +Gyrineum wilmeriana tas =~ 105 H +Habropoda krishna ... i $366 magretti Bee 3010) tadoszkowskii. 307 Halictus albescens P 360 buddha 301 calceatus.. “4s. a 1302 constrictus ... : 300 + deiphobus ; 301 lucidipennis ... ‘3 361 tparis we vie gO Fpolyctor ... ee ROG senescens ... A 301 subopacus ... ees 360 vishnul AAS ses OD +Haminea callosa =a er LO Hecalus owe ae ve ~OPAS parvus aa he EAS paykulli we ee eS Hedychridium wroughtont 3497 Helice dentipes ae Ace 2209 Heliomyia — «. ferrugined eee 425, 435 (7) 425, 430 Helophilus taénus ae albiceps... Page 04, 05, 67 65, 66, 68 nee 05,00. bengalensis 64, 66, 69, 70 caudatus ... 65, 67, 68 celebes eae O55 0G conclusus ... 05,00 consors... «2260, 60 curvigaster «a 65,68 doleschalli 65, 68, 69 insignis... 291105, OS mesoleucus 65, 06, 69 notabilis ... s+» 65, 68 pendulus ... oe 68 PIlipese | Wace . 65, 68 quadrivittatus 65, 66, 69 ttuberculatus 5: 67, 68 Vestitus 305,05 Hematosiphon one Sata age ty *Hemicardium hystrix var. brevispinosa nee ver, 2 200 Hertades parvula aes 306 + Herpetocypris smaragdea 324, 3 130, 337 +stewarti 324, 333, 334: 33 Heterogastrine see »- 128 Heteroptera 0 127, 154 Heterostylum sae : 457 Hexactinellida s 21 Hilda ae 129 tmalayensis ae. : 12 undata ee : 12 Hislopia lacustris ees ° 98 Holopyga indica eos . 347 Homoptera ... 5, 129 Hulecoeteomyia pseudotzeniata 2Q1 Hydra ae 310—313 Hy arenas wae 893. 330 Hydra fusca wae 311 —313 grisea a = BiG oligactis wee : 313 orientalis Bit rack ie} rhetica a, RATE se rubra os Gon vg SpP- 3S viridis ss , 313 Hydrophiide ee eee) LOO Hyperalonia 437, 438, 442, 489, 491 albicincta 440, 443 argyura ... a AAS aurantiaca 440, 443, 460 chrysolampis 439, 443 combinata ws. AAO confirmata soe. =» 430 demonstrans ae, Sc 20 devecta ... 441—443, 462 dives 439) 443 doryca 441, 443, 462, 463 flaviventris A441, 443 fuscipennis 439, 443 hyx oe = - 439 (7) imbuta 459 latibascia vs 440 Page Hyperalonia obliqua ... 2, 443 cenomaus 44I—443 pennipes sre 4S (2) pulchra ses) “ASO purpuraria sé 430 (?) rufescens ss 489 satyrus 440, 441, 443, 463 sphinx 440, 443 suffusipennis 440, 443, 462 tantalus 437—430,442, 443 tristis 430, 443 | lassus (?) angulifer wae 250 [atLCEDS, Gee oe = E36 nitidulus ... oe «= £36 niveosparsus es =©-130 Icaria ene ees sss 350 Idiocerus ... nee tes RG adustus... cane he laticeps aK a 230 nitidulus:- 3, in ERO (?) punctatus ass £35 Insects ae mee ae LOT Irene = rep see DAIS ceylonensis cine sw 1 Isopoda si eee ares ALO? Issinze ay Pe ieee L20 Isthmia $5. wee eats LO Iswara luteus eis west + 352 Ixalus annandalei__.... saa) 2305 cinerascens... ae 1805 J Jassidz fir — See tas Jassinze ee sen oe 145 Jassus nee — ve = «148 albipes A ae GO albisigna ane oe DAS (?) aurulenta... ese «CIS brevis Spe S. wOLSO canifascia a4 ee AO dirigens a i) 140 diversus s Sin S140 (2) dorsimacula oe LES oe ioe sa 150 glabra vei we «6s F.48 guttatus see ove 150 guttivena a PA ay nea) inelinans ‘iss cae 148 inscriptus ie il, 149 leucomelana_,.. cep mt SO) luteifascia eas sa » 140 maculiceps ie seer ESO nervosus Age re 145 pardalis aes ave 148 piceus a 3s. a, TAO punctivena 50 ist) / FAO roseifascia he See 8 TSO rufivena ae eas 149 subapicalis Ase eae SO Page Jassus subnotatus oe a AO) testaceus eee cee 150 verticalis Sh 149 K Kalicephalus willeyi — ... oe ele) +Kellia mirabilis sas as. , 205 Kolla are Boe ean, nl Aa insignis ae ae TA polita ons ati eat L Labidostomis cumming 402, 403 humeralis we = 402 Leander carinatus —... 5 220 hastatus Hee oe 220 japonicus... ae 220 longirostris ... in 1220 sp. sas 211, 220 styliferus ar 220, 222 tenuipes ne 220—222 Ledra parva .. ee ies 145 Leicesteria ... ah aoe 287 fapicalis ... 201 longipalpis ... ae 202 Lema mandarensis _... 4o1 Lepidanthrax sue ae a7 Lepidoderma squammatum 222,223 Lepidoptera ... ve 399 Lepralia ee ie 109 (Escharoides) occlusa .. 110 Léptidze ae a 417, 430 Leptipalpus ... was IGM ales aes ferruginosa oe 25 flaveolus ... a 425 Tfulvidus ... aa Ses (?) waigiensis 125 aes Leptis a » 423-426, 434 albopicta oe 428, 435 fapicipennis —... 423, 434. decisa He 424, 428, 435 AciGhrorme «tl ca ey ferruginosa —e. 425, 436 impar ... re 424, 435 marmorata ae 420, 436 ‘pallidus ”’ ae A33 punctum (?) 431 —433, 436 uniguttata ae 424, 434 tLeptothyra solida —... =< 7200 Lepus ruficaudatus ... “3 «BOS Leucozona lucorum ... = 57 tLimnza simulans... 40; Ag stagnalis... ae! 105 Limnophora ‘0 aay, LOY himalayensis 107 tonitrul 107 Linguatulide as ss TOO Lituoline Foraminifer eh 23 l.ophopus ae 170,172 carter! ee 171 —174. var, himalayanus rro Lophopus crystallinus himalayanus jhering lendenfeldi var. himalayanus inclyta Loxosoma +Loxosomatoides {Lora tcolonialis tLucapinella gaylordz Lycastris albipes ne tflavohirta ... Lygeide ... ae Lynceus guttatus ae Lyroda formosa ans Lysiosquilla ae M flaveolus tfulvidus Macellopalpus Macropsis.... ay torientalis ... slabberi +Macroschisma elegans Macrothrix hirsuticornis Mammals + Mangilia andamanensis eco ece texasperata tobtusa ee. Mansonia ... ae uniformis ... Mansonioides ae annulifera Manta birostris ‘* Mantis ”’ + Margarita ponsonbyi + Mastigocerca auchinleckit wee bicornis Matla . aos bengalensis ad Megachile albifrons ... lanata aes nana ras umbripennis Megalophrys montana parva ss Megaspis.... se chrysopygus crassus © as errans fas sculptatus ... 424, Page L772 171, ge, 7a 174 172 110 131 131 ee) 110, 14, 16, 19, 30 14—I7 OK = WoL & Nor (os) pa 425) 435 425, 435 425, 428, 435» 430 233,220 table of Oriental species 72 +transversus zonalis + Melania charon eee texpatriata tmultistriata 236—239 236-- 238 sé 208 324, 329 eee 303 ie 1Q2 eee AO? eo CO ‘ce. QOL eee 300 oe 301 eee 301 ee LO Boo ke ate 201 eine 318 Se CUO) re 42 Soe 2 ‘ia 305 ie B05 305 ies 305 eae 305 ace 305 se | B05 see Ly ALE 2s S00 72 71, 72; 74 Sac 72 eve 73) 74 ece 73 Ae 1g0 siete 190 1Q6 Melanostoma ae ambiguum dubium tMelasina apracta .., tMenestho acuminata Merodon eee Metaplax dentipes_... distinctus elegans eee ‘Microdon ... ees tannandalei apicalis: sss tauricinctus tezruleus ... tflavipes fulvicornis . indicus metallicus obscurus truficaudus stilboides sumatranus wulpii es Micro-lepidoptera... Milesia 256 ee balteata iss conspicienda ... gigas see thimalayensis ... lamus Sa semifulva ate +variegata ss tMimomyi ia Ata oe Mioscarta bipars awe forcipata ... +Miralda gemma : Mitra cruentata wae ebenus Ses temilize eee twarnefordiana + Modiola cymbula —... gubernaculum +zebra Moina rectirostris Ae Mollusca ae ee Morphota formosa Mucidus scataphagoides Mulio (Anthrax ?) leucoprocta lugubris persicanus Mus albidiventris Mus cervicolor (Leggada ) buduga ramnadensis Musca maura ee Mutilla indefrusa Bice tindiga interrupta lathonia we (Odontomutiila) her pa pilosella x1 3957400 Sa (Op Gio: aye 80 siete 80 see 80 ae OO; 02 ane 82 ie 80 80—82 oe QOL i tgO 385, 386 fe) NO IW WW eo) moron ie) Page Mutilla pulchrina 351 ruficrus 350 sexmaculata 349 tspectra 350 vicinissima 350 Mutillide —.., 349 Myhobatidz 195; 178, 179 Myliobatina ... 175, 175 Myosoma 14, 19 Mysidz 233—239 Mysinze 233—235 Mytilus ws - 204 Myzomyia rossil 287 Myzorhynchus barbirostris 288 vanus ... 288 N Naididz ; > Nanina berlangeri 108 “var, globosa 108 +Narica depressa 199 +Nassa gerstenbrandti 194 +jucunda ae 194 ttristis 194 Natalis spinicornis 388 Necrobia ruficollis 388 rufipes Se w=: 388 Nemachilus stoliczkz ... 210, 3AT Nematode 109, 314 Nematomorpha .. 309 Neohydnus despectus 388 tsp. 388 Neomacleaya indica ... eer 6207 “var simplex 291 Neomysis ... ae fn eae Neuria eee ee epee le indecora ae 450 Nomia clypeata ae oe Paes OS elliotii ae ee Oe floralis ons bre 05 punctata are Son hae punctulata ss. ieee 804 westwoodi aes ga = 304 Norsia 2 wea 148 dilecta dee ie 148 flavidorsum__... bee Wao fulvescens ae “6 (EAS Norsiana ss. ses soa €TAS flavidorsum ws) 148 Notholca scapha ant ses 322 tscaphula_... tame, 321 Notommata aurita... se OT Notommatadz ee sie 22317 Notoscarta ... eee e oc alboater ... we 135 croceonigra ay, 35 ptyeloides eek) tzebrina ... ws | (135 +Novaculina andamanensis....— 209 Nyssorhynchus fuliginosus <0 = 288 eB Page tOchmastis Ss mer 200 }chionacma nue 23g0 Odostomia aciculina ... ee OO pfeifferi 22 0) 47 Odynerus ovalis ees Se. 350 CEciacus tee cee ed Oligocheta ... 30, 174,310; 3t1 Omadius mediofasciatus eee a 300 roepstorfi ... are 388 seticornis ... sie ,- 300 Opetiopalpus obesus ... » «a 385 Ophiuridz ... i ie 22 Opilo sordidus, var. ... i. 60 Tsp. os ve sss 2308 +Oreinus baileyi wae we 23 Orthrius andamanensis vs «6°08 rufotestaceus .. —388 tspp. “0 308 subsimilis... cme ce tarsalis ues inet) 288 Osmia ade ..- see sas. 305 Ostracoda. tea). QEOy 930) 241 Otolithus maculatus ... ‘os |, LOO P Pachygrapsus levis... ee) longipes Se e2io minutus 216, 277 planifrons os 28 tpropinquus 211; 216, 218 Pagria kanaraensis... wee = 404 Palzemon altifrons ... Me 22g amazonicus 222, 226 carcinus 223—227 var. oe Soe dayanus__..., ie, 22% dieperinkii ... Ge 2 220 dispar re me 227 ensiculus sa" 220 jelskii aes ae 220 lamarrei 211, 222, 222, 223, 224 scabriculus ... ne sp. aie 21, 220 Paludicellide 13 Parachordodes pustulosus 114, 315, 316 Paragordius sp. (?) ... Re ii, Paragus aa ee a 52 tluteus 52 serratus = 52 Parexostoma maculatum Lm cue: stoliczkae - 342 Paria cuprescens as set OF Pectinatella 9 173; S74 tburmanica 1735 17 (?) carteri Fae Ee) davenporti Hee 173 gelatinosa Were ye magnifica Bt Kee: Pedicellina ... ie 14) 16;98, 00 Pelias aie HAY Zou ) B55 Page Pelopoeus bilineatus — «.. eae eee OT Pericoma __... tae 103, 370 tannandalei 370, .380 tappendiculata 370, 378—380 tbella 370, 383 Tmargininotata 370, 381-384 *var. gilvipes 382, 383 *var. lacteitarsis 362; 353 +spinicornis 370, 378, 380 Phzeocyclotomus sp. «.- PE cele) Philanthus pulcherrimus wos = 50 punjabensis 357 +(Trachypus) nepalensis 356, ; Sor Philodina citrina zat Bree 0) Philodinadze anit) EHO Philodina ery throphthalma i ko roseola a vee, Phlebotomus IOI, 103, 369 targentipes 101, 102, 369 Phlogistus imperialis ... bee ee 1300 Phthiria - 459 (Anthrax ?) hy poleuca 490 gracilis e 459 Phylactoleemata bas LO, 169—174 Phyllopod ... an oie MeeOG Phymatidze ese 4 5d: Phymatophza pustulifera asi. 308 Pipistrella abramus_ ... ee kSS Pipizella oe as Ss SSS curvinervis ... oe 53 tindica se ase 52 trufocincta ... ees 53 sculpeonata ... eee 53 Pison punctifrons ae ne eS Placostola... ee isan’ “307 Platychirus ... ni cae 53 albimanus os 53 Platypygus ... ae vss §©=— 07 maculiventris as oOg Plecia (Bibionide) __... sens ele Pleurotoma acutigemmata isa) GA tritiata 4.« oe enOO Ploas bar Ng .. 488 adunca vs .. 488 bombyliiformis ... veo’ 400 Ploima Mloricata a fu. OUT Ploima Loricata ees Ji eS Plumatella ava “THO? E70), 194 aplinii . ee LO +bombayensis 169—I7I coralloides 13,410 emarginata L70,sn 70 iruticoSa - s.. 12;;1TO, 170 philippinensis 170; 171 polymorpha oe Le princeps 150) 177 punctata ... eee 172 repens Tio, 17% tanganyikz 169, 170 Plutellidze 395, 308 Nil Page Podalirius pulcherrimus 307 quadrifasciatus 307 Polistes marginalis 359 Polybia stigma 359 Polychte? =... 389 Polychzetophyes a8 Polydonta 74—70 bicolor 76 torientalis ... oe 745.70 Polyzoa oe af I1, 98, 109 Pompilidze es 352 Pompilus hecate vee nets 5e iliacus aoe 355 Porocephalus brotali ... cee 100 +Potamocypris stewarti 324, 338 Potamomysis a 233 tassimilis “234, 230 pengoi ... 233—230 tPristis annandalei_... 391 zysron 392 Proales gibba 318 +Promalactis nebrias ... 397 Protosquilla 32 Protozoa : ih 111 +Psammobia obtusa ... 208 ornata sc0° 208 Pseudagenia alaris ... Bee clypeata 353 tculiciformis 253 +invidiosa 353 laevicula 352 tmimica 354 stulta sie 354 Pseudoclytra plagiata ae = 1 O2 Pseudolema suturalis 402 Pseudosquilla eee 32 Pseudotheobaldia niveitzeniata | 207 Psychoda_... 370, B73 talbonigra B70, 374 talbonotata ... 370, 373, 374 targenteopunctata 370, 375, 376 tatrisquamis 270, 376 tbengalensis 369—371, 376, 3771 380, 383 tdistincta 270,372 +nigripennis BIO, 327059377 ; tsquamipennis 370, 375, 370 table of Oriental species 370 tvittata SIO SLE Psychodidz 101, 369, 384 Pterocercus spp. 109 Pteropide 163 Pteropus ae dsc 159—163 celzeno 159, 163, 105 condorensis ... oe Od edulis 159, 760, 165 faunulus 1606 javanicus ..._ 160, 164—166 medius - on LOS melanotus ... 159—162, 164 nicobaricus ... 159—162 ttytleri 162, 163, 10 Page Ptychobarbus conirostris BUI, 341 Pyria orientalis we 349 Python ° es 108 molurus ae 100 Q Quadrivisio bengalensis 107 R +¢Radioculex a3 287, 205 tclavipalpus ye 2205 Rana dori ee 304 laticeps ese). liebigit 345, 340 limborg! a god limnocharis 304 nigrovittata 305 pleskii 345, 346 vicina 304, 345, 346 Rattulidz = Bro Reptiles 105 Rhingia aoe 57 + angusticincta > 557 50 +binotata 5 7s 50) campestris... . 57; 59 cincta ea 57 50 TlatiCInCta: .%... Pecbctor ment’) *var. fasciata 58 rostrata : see 573 50 table of Oriental species 57 Rinodon typicus see co oe Rhynchota ee 127-151, 154 +Risella balteata = 107 glutea Asc 107 +Rissoina angusta_—... 107 tcylindrica ... 198 teeta a 198 tpupiniformis 198 tsculpturata 198 twarnefordiz 199 Rocinela typus an on Og Rotifera ROO) Brie 310,323 +Rotifer tridentatus a } ars S) Sacculind) 4.. 181 Sadoletus 128 tcorvus 128 validus 128 Salea iA 37 anamallayana ee tausteniana SB7ecs horsfieldii 37, 37, 3 Salius (Priocnemis) rothneyi .... 354 Salpina brevispina ... 319 Tshape a 319 similis ies 320 Salpinadz oi 319 X1V Page Scaphoideus iss. 151 immistus 151 tliteratus eee a oi Scapholeberis mucronata 324; 320 Scaridium longicaudum 319 Sceliphron bilineatum soe 855 Scelodonta indica as oe 405 vittata ane es 404 +Schizopygopsis stewartil seco ade stoliczkze eQtlepeds var. 2A2 Schizothorax macropogon B41, 342 +o’connori Be, ods +Scintilla citrina aa oa OS costata seh e200 telongata ... a, 200 jukes1 Lee sae) 200 tperplexa ... ness 200 pretiosa aa ed ttranslucida sve) > 200 Scolia binotata ee ALE prismatica ae sree S52 quadripustulata var. binotata 352 Scoliidze ae ate ese = 352 Scotophilus kuhli ass wee «155 Scylla serrata esi oe 2a Selachian ate sas BOR Selenocephalus parva eomere es Sericomyia si 89 thimalayensis 8G Sesarma : 181 amphinome 185 aranea ; aes 184 celebensis ... a 181 moeschil ea eee 6205 ocypoda cee 181, 184 var. gracillima 184 sylvicola = 181—184 +thelxinoé ... 181, 184, 185 Sialoscarta .., su8 wo Ga concinna ... ee eLig 2 Simocephalus elizabethe 324, 329, 330 gibbosus a 329 mixtus 6 PSS) Veodl) se. i a0 7 ve woides peg 29 Simotes splendidus 105 Sitala attegia ass = 187 cadelli aaa aes |= TOT tdenselirata... ea eLog +Solariella dulcissima eee = 2002 variabilis ... Oe Solenophorus megalocephalus .... 108 Solifugee nee ais see 2 Sphzrophoria a Sais 53 distinctus a 58 nove#-guinez ... 53 Sphegide ee = ane 355 Sphinctogonia vee ne T44 guttivitta eee T44 quincuncula... 144 ; lineolata PP T44 Sphyxea gigas <> we 80 Sphyxea himalayensis variegata eee Spilogaster a Spice ae ges tbengalensis ... filicornis ae Spionidz# ... ae Spogostylum ae distigma limatulus Sponge, Dictyonine ... Sponges an eee Spongilla alba a bombayensis carter es cinerea See crassissima ... Spongillz —_ tSpongilla indica lacustris... tlapidosa loricata proliferens... reticulata ... sumatrana Spongostylum aes flavipes pallipes Squilla aftfinis armata chlorida aes fasciata Sse foveata ane gilesii aie gorypetes hemischista holoschista ... interrupta investigatoris leptosquilla multicarinata ... ovatoria ai polita raphidea scorpio (genuina) eee eee (immaculata) stridulans ras supplex tenuispina Stathmopoda tcalyptrea tplacida Stegomyia talbolateralis amesil was tassamensis fasciata eee scutellaris +tripunctata Stilbum cyanurum ... +Stomatella crenulata ase 4 (o>) On _ me OO OON “NO & oO wb Re KUL torrets Gis Ui Para) 20, 97—99 *var. burmanica 97, 157 157 3 25 4o1 491 4QI 2935 32 3t 33 : a re) Y -) P) y 2 G2 GI GI GD) Gd 262 GIG a Ss GCIQIGIGIGI NWN hob NH NOIWSG Go ioe) G2 G2 Stomatopoda oe +Strigilla densestriata +Sty loptyg ema andamanensis Suragina oa illucens signipennis Sutura fluviatilis sat Syritta amboinensis_ ... illucida (?) indica (?) laticincta orientalis (?) pipiens Syrphidee —... Syrphus . balteatus ae luniger | Nah pyrastr1 torvus umbellatarum Systoechus ose aoe ardens eupogonatus socius Systropus — ..- blumei Ue eumenoides ... foenoides... funereus +nigricaudus ophioneus «-- polistoides ... sallei Ree sphegoides ... tessellatus tipuloides +. T Tachza on ae lacustris ra spongillicola ... ‘Tachytes modesta Tadpole See Tzenia polyealcaria... Tzeniorhynchus nee . AGEL +. tenax Takin ere + Tapes albomarginata Tartessus sas antecedens ... badius ; basivitta «.. bistriga eae colligatus ... concolor ae cupreipennis diaphanus ... dimidiatus ferrugineus ... (Anthrax ?) funereus 401 400, 485 459 492 492 460, 483 see 459 4600 492 _ 459 400, 485 400 107 107 107 SHS) 340 108 293, 294 "299 299 249-253 207 140, 147 ; 140 Rs 147 147 140 147 146 147 147 147 140 eon 345) ove eee Tartessus fieberi oH flavibasis polygrammus scabrifrons eee semivenosus *+Tellina cancellata ... Tincisa ce tjousseaumei tmagnifica Tenerus andamanensis cyanopterus, flavicollis signaticollis var. Terebra albomarginata tcarnicolor ... fenestrata + rubrobrunnea ftunicolor ... Tetigonia Tetigoniidz Tettigonia lineolata brevis ae (2) dubia ©... eburnea . glabra zat guttivitta ... inclinans multipars polita Tettigoniella tannandalei +baluensis tcumatilis eburnea elongata terichsoni ferruginea thorsfieldi +mitrata +mouhoti nigrilinea perakensis tramana scitipennis +tamborensis +timorensis trita +wallacei +wetterensis +whiteheadi Tettigoniellidze Tettigoniellinze Tettigoscarta Hee nitidula Therates gestroi kraatzi spinipennis a Var. margini- pennis var. versicolor. xanthophilus xanthophobus 411 Page bo a 147 fs oO 147 aS N 209 209 = 6 oem sue ene en | AmMmMO Oo WG WO *sub- -sp. annandalei 412 411 Page Tillicera bibalteata 388 javana ane ia B00 Tillus notatus var. tristis ee 2 207, Tineidz tea bce ie 300 daneididze =<... i 127 Tiphia himalayensis we 52 fTischeria ptarmica 399 + Tornatina conspicua ee OF Vortricidee ... ve 305 Toxophora ee sae 5S (Anthrax ? ) leucopyga 401 fulva aes ta 402 javana os 458 leucopyga ... 4Q1 zilpa 459 Toxorhynchites immisericors ... 288 Trichodes spectabilis var. kuwerti 388 Triecphora antica ee Sy cavata eee 3 ferruginea ... 132 rufa ener dag? subpustulata 132 Trochospongilla latouchiana —... 157 phillottiana ... 157 Trogodendron fasciculatum ..., 388 Tropidonotus piscator sa OO Trygon we sae sen 808 : atrocissIMUS «.. eee 394 +microps bad 393, 304 Trypeta St sor, alee Trypoxylon intrudens Wen een Tubella ae ce Lag tvesparioides ... ee GG vesparium —... ect | TUR, Tubulifera aie wma. Se Turbellaria ee 1G, 311 +Turbonilla foveolata ... an “200 Tylototriton verrucosus wee 805 Tympanomerus aes ete orientalis 212—214 pusillus 212—215 tstapletoni 211, 212, 215 U Unciola gee eas 119, 120 tUnio siliguriensis —... nee 47 Urnatella eos @os 14,15, 19 Vv Valkeria ee Varuna litterata *Vertagus kochi var. polita... Vespa auraria flaviceps marginalis eae structor tee Vespertio celzeno sie vampyrus Vespidz ois ae Vactorella’ 33 ane tbengalensis pavida hes symbiotica ... Volucella.. =o: 33% Tbasalis oe decorata a +discolor bie tlividiventris ... nubeculosa_ ... opalina peleterii pellucens truncauda ... trifasciata, ursina eoe Xx Niphopheromyia glossata Xylota ee oe zqualis eee zthusa sd Tassamensis ... tauronitens ... calopus Ae conformis a cuprina wee cupropicta sas flavitarsis wi nigroaénescens ventralis iss i Y Ypsolophus ie Lag 211, 13 218 195 359 359 359 360 105 wx tO5 359 13—I5 II—13 IT, 1I—I3, 39 Seen Je «++ 59, 60 26 OO. OM 60 60, 62 60, 62 49, 60 00 60 61 60-—62 60 60 eve hehe Re dR MEN CoO LTE ULEN AN T- Osh OUN Ey oA, COve Ke; Pieutenamt-Colonel A.W Alcock, Cl... M.B:.UL.D., F:RS., came to India as a member of the Indian Medical Service in April 1886, having already had considerable experience of the country, and having also been Assistant Professor of Zoology in the Uni- versity of Aberdeen under the late Professor H. A. Nicholson, F.R.S. After two years spent on the North-west Frontier as Medical Officer, he was appointed Surgeon Naturalist to the Indian Marine Survey. In 1891 he officiated for some months as Resident Physician and Professor of Pathology at the Calcutta Medical College, and in September 1892 was appointed Deputy Sanitary Commissioner, Metropolitan and Eastern Bengal Circle. In May 1893 he became Superintendent of the Indian Museum and Professor of Zoology at the Medical College; from June 1895 to January 1896 he was on special duty with the Pamir Commission. He retired from the Indian Medical Service and the Superintendent- ship of the Museum on December 29th, 1907. The Trustees of the Museum, at their meeting held on December 6th, passed the following resolution as regards his retirement, and directed that a notice of his connection with the Museum should be published as a mark of their esteem :— “As Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock’s approaching retirement from ‘Government service has been gazetted since the last meeting of “the Trustees, they take the earliest opportunity to express their ‘“sense of the value of his work in India to the Museum and to the science of Zoology. It is not within their province to comment upon his scientific researches, which have received the approbation of the scientific world in Europe and America, but they are well aware that it is to Colonel Alcock that the excellent arrangement of the bulk of the research collections in the Museum ‘and of several of the public galleries is entirely due. His wide knowledge, untiring diligence, and scientific acumen are acknow- ledged by all who have been connected with the Museum. The Trustees are gratified to hear that Colonel Alcock does not in- ‘tend to sever his connection with the Museum entirely, but proposes to continue in England his invaluable work upon the collection of Crustacea.”’ Colonel Alcock’s connection with the Indian Museum may be said to have commenced when he became Surgeon Naturalist on the Indian Marine Survey Ship “ Investigator.’’ Year by year in the monsoon season when the ship was laid up in Bombay harbour, he came to work in Calcutta on the material dredged during the preceding winter, and thus established an association with the late - a ~ - - ~ A - o “ 2 Retirement of Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock. [Vou; Ef. Mr. J. Wood-Mason, his predecessor as Superintendent, that was fruitful in scientific work. On the death of Mr. Wood-Mason his services were put at the disposal of the Trustees, and he became Superintendent, without, however, leaving the Indian Medical Service. In the Museum Colonel Alcock made it his aim to work out, so far as it was possible for one man to do, the fauna of the deeper parts of the Indian seas, to set in order the marine collection in the Museum, and to exhibit to the public a judicious selection of the animals identified or described by himself and others. ‘The scien- tific side of this work, in its more general aspect, is known to all marine zoologists, being embodied in numerous papers and mono- graphs and in his book “ A Naturalist in Indian Seas,” of which there is more to be said. It was mainly on account of his mono- graphs on marine zoology that Colonel Alcock was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and received the honorary degree of LL.D. from his old University of Aberdeen. The work of arranging and exhibiting the collections of the Museum has naturally a more limited renown. ‘There are few Museums, however, which can boast that their marine collections are in better order and better displayed than is the case in Calcutta. ‘The gradual development which has made it possible to claim for the Indian Museum its place among the great reference collections of the world is almost entirely due to Colonel Alcock’s work in this direction. He did not, however, confine his attention, while connected with the Museum, to marine zoology, as his reports on the zoology of the Pamir Commission and on the reptiles of the Afghan Frontier Commission of 1895 and his biological notes in the publications of the Asiatic Society of Bengal attest, while the many dissections and other preparations he set up in the public galleries of reptiles and other terrestrial vertebrates prove his care for the interests of the students of the Calcutta Medical College, to whom he lectured in disheartening circumstances as regards the absence of all oppor- tunity for practical classes and the humble place as yet given to zoology in the Indian medical curriculum. ‘The bird and mammal galleries are still perhaps the least satisfactory parts of the Museum, but one man could not bring every section to equal perfection, and those who remember their previous state can alone appreciate what was done to improve them in Colonel Alcock’s time. The “ Naturalist in Indian Seas ”’ (1902) may be regarded as an epitome and a popularization (in the best sense of the word) of the greater part of Colonel Alcock’s scientific work in. India. It is a book that owes its value not only to its erudition and perspicuity but hardly less to its literary style, in which the strong infusion. of Shakespeare and other Elizabethan authors is never pedantic, never frivolous, and never dull. ‘The skill with which such apparently incongruous elements are fused even into the guide books he pre- pared for the Museum galleries can only be realized by one who has attempted, and failed. to complete a work of the kind he left unfinished. ieee 1908. | ~ Records of the Indian Museum. 3 No account of Colonel Alcock’s zoological work in India would be complete without some reference to his connection with the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the scientific collections of which formed the nucleus of the Indian Museum. He became a member of this Society in February 1888, was elected Natural History Secretary in May 1894, General Secretary in April~1895, and Vice-Presi- dent in February 1901 ; for several years his papers were by far the most important contributed to the zoological section of the Society's Journal. Colonel Alcock has worked, so far as his service in India is concerned, for his successors rather than himself; but it is for- tunately impossible to think that his own work for India is finished. We may confidently hope that it will continue for many years in his retirement to bear the fruit of his unsurpassed accuracy of obser- vation, his many-sided enthusiasm, and his literary talent. As his immediate successor I may be permitted to express my gratitude not only for the zoological knowledge acquired from him and for his unfailing kindness in the Museum and in private life, but also for that sound versatility which prevented the Museum, understaffed as it is now acknowledged to have been, from becoming a lumber- room with one corner set in order by a specialist. The admirable organization of his office, which enabled his successor to take up the threads of routine mechanically, is another matter for which it is impossible to be too grateful: although changes will neces- sarily take place as the Museum grows and develops, the ground- work will always be that constructed by Colonel Alcock, too often without recognition and in spite of obstacles of which nothing was known beyond the Museum walls. N. ANNANDALE, CALCUITA : Superintendent, Indian Museum, January 22nd, 1908. Natural History Section. LL LP LPL LODO DOO OOOO 4 Papers published by Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock. | VOU. II, List, OF “PAPE RS BAC. ONS UND TAN LO OF; OG NS. SPU Bais Ds Ne A. W. ALCOCK, 1890-10907. I. GENERAT, MEMOIRS. (1) On Marine Zoology. 1. Note on the Results of Deep-sea Dredging in 1889-1890. (Jointly with J. Wood-Mason.) fAnn. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vii, 1891, pp. I-19 and 186- 272.4 2. On the Deep-sea Dredging of the season 1890-91. (Jointly with J. Wood-Mason.) [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), viii, 1891, pp. 427-452, pl. XVil. | 3. An Account of the Deep-sea Collection made by the “ In- vestigator ’’ during the season of 1892-93. [J.A. S, B., bein; pt. i, No?’.4, 1803, pp. 169-184, “pls: Viii-ix. | 4. A Summary of the Deep-sea Zoological Work of the R.I.M.S. “ Investigator’ from 1884-1897. [Scientific Memoirs by Medical Officers of the Army of India, pt. xi, 1899, pp. I-40. | 5. Zoological Gleanings from the R.I.M.S. “‘ Investigator.”’ [Scientific Memoirs by Medical Officers of the Army of India, pt. xii, I90I1, pp. I~42.] 6. A Naturalist in Indian Seas, or four years with the R.I.MS. ‘‘ Investigator,’ London, 1902, pp. i-xxiv and 1-318; 98 figs. and a map. (12) On Bionomic Subjects. 7. Observations on the Gestation of some Sharks and Rays. [J. A. S. B., lix, pt. ii, No; 1,°1890, pp. 51-56, pl..1.] 8. On the uterine villiform Papillae of Pteroplatea micrura, and their Relation to the Embryo. _ (Jointly with J. Wood-Mason.) [Proc. Roy. Soc., xlix, 1891, pp. 359-367, pls. 7 and 8.] g. Further Observations on the Gestation of Indian Rays. (Jointly with J. Wood-Mason.) [Proc. Roy. Soc., 1, 1891, pp. 202-209. | 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 5 10. On a Viviparous Bathybial Fish from the Bay of Bengal. [Proc. Zool. Soc., 1891, pp. 226-227. | rr. On Utero-gestation in Trygon bleekert. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), ix, 1892, pp. 417-427, pl. XIX. 12. Some Observations on the Embryonic History of Prtero- platea micrura. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x, 1892, pp. 1-8, pl. iv.] 13. A Case of Commensalism between a Gymnoblastic Antho- medusoid (Stylactis minor) and a Scorpenoid Fish (Minous tnermis). [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x, 1892, pp. 207-214. ] 14. On a New Species of Viviparous Fish of the family Ophidide. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xvi, 1895, pp. 144-146.] 15. An Instance of the Natural Repellent Effect of ‘ Warning Colours.” [J. A. S. B., Ixv, pt. ii, No. 3, 1896, pp. 5397540. | 16. On the Toxic Properties of the saliva of certain “ non- poisonous ”’ Colubrines. (Jointly with J,. Rogers.) [Proc. Roy. Soc., lxx, 1902, pp. 446-454.] 17. On the occurrence of Anopheles (Myzomyia) listoni, a malaria-carrying mosquito, in Calcutta. (Jointly with J. R. Adie.) [Proc; Roy. Soc., lxxvi, 1905, pp. —321.] II. SYSTEMATIC PAPERS. (2) Anthozoa. 18. On some Newly-recorded Corals from the Indian Seas. [JeA. S B., Ixu, pt. 11, No.-2; 18903;, pp. 138-1490, pl. v-] 19. On some Actiniaria from the Indian Seas. ies os B,, xt, pt. ii, No.3, 71893, pp. 151-154] 20. Note on Calypterinus allmant. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xii, 1893, pp. 29-30. ] 21. On some New and Rare Corals from the Deep Waters of India. [J. A. S. B., Ixiii, pt. ii, No. 3, 1894, pp. 186-188. ] 22. An Account of the Deep-sea Madreporaria collected by the R.I.M.S. “‘ Investigator,” 29 pp., 3 pls. 23. Report on the Deep-Sea Madreporaria of the “ Sihoga: Expedition.” (Siboga-Expeditie, 1899-1900. Resultats des Explora- tions Zoologiques, Botaniques, Oceanographiques et Geologiques. Publiés par Max Weber. 4to, Pt. xvi a, 1902, Madreporarta. | 6 Papers published by Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock. |Vou. I, 24. Diagnoses and Descriptions of New Species of Corals from the * "Siboga- Expedition.” m Be ijdsehr. ds Ned, Dierkund: Vereen;:: (2), Vil, 3; 1902: pp. 89-115 ;_ 116-123.] (17) Echinoderma. 25. An Account of the Collection of Deep-sea A sterordea. [Ann.-Mag. Nat- Hist: (6), x1)1893,. pp. 73-121, ple: iv—vi. | (211) Brachiopoda. 26. A New Brachiopod. a (j.A.S.-B., lxiii, pt:a1, No. 2218904; pp: 130-140, pl-vi] (tv) Crustacea. ¢ ) 27. On the Deep-sea Crustacea collected by the in 1890-91. fAnn. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), xiii, 1894, pp. 225-245, 32I- 334, 400-41T. |] 28. An Account of a Recent Collection of Deep-sea Crusta- cea from the Bay of Bengal and Laccadive Sea. (Jointly with A. R. S.:.Anderson.) [J. As S. B;, bei, pt. 11, No.3, 1894, pp. 149-185, pli] 29. List of the Shore and Shallow-water Brachyura collected by the “ Investigator ”’ in 1893-94. (Jointly with A. R. S. Anderson.) [J. A. S. B., bxiti, pt. 11, No. 4, 1894, pp. 197-2009. | 30. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No.1. The Brachyura Oxyrhyncha. [J. ASS. Bj -Lsiv, “pti, -INo. 2 1895,° pp? 157-201, pls, iii-v.] Investigator 31. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 2: The Brachyura Oxystoma. [J- A. S. B., xv, pt. a, No.2, 1806; ppv 134-206. eps. vi-vill. | 32. Description of a New Species of Branchipus from Calcutta. (J. Ay 8. B, lzy.pt. 1, No.3, 1806, pp.538-530, plea) 33. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 3. The Brachyura Cyclometopa. Pt. 1. The Family Xanthide. [J. A. Se Be, levi, pt-11,No. 171608, pp. 672233 34. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No.4. The Brachyura Cyclometopa. Pt. ii. The Families Portunide, Can- crid@ and Corystide. [J. A.-S. B., lxviti, pt. ii, No. 1, 1899, pp. I~104.] 35. An Account a the Deep-sea brachyvura collected by the R.I.M.S. “ Investigator,” pp. 1-85, 4 pls. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. Aer] 36. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 5. The Brachyura Primigenia or Dromiacea. Pe ALS B., ixviit, pt..u,No, 3, 1899, pp... 123-1609. ] 37. An Account of the Deep-sea Crustacea: dredged by the ‘* Investigator ’’ in 1897-98. (Jointly with A. R. S.’ Anderson) [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), iii, 1899, pp. I-27, 278-292. ] 38. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 6. -The Brachyura Catometopa. [J. A. S. B., lxix, pt. ii, No. 3, 1900, pp. 279-456. ]| 39. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Deep-Sea Crustacea, Mac- yvura and Anomala in the Indian Museum, Igo1, pp. 1-286, pls. i-ill. 40. Catalogue of Decapod Crustacea in the Indian Museum. Pt. i. Brachyura. Fascicle i. Introduction and Dromides or Dro- miacea (Brachyura primigenta), LQO1, pp. i-ix and 1-80, pl. A, i-vil. 4t. Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea in the Indian Museum. Pt. ii. Anomura. Fascicle i. Pagurides, 1905, pp. i-x1 and 1-197, pls. i-xvi. 42. Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea in the Indian Museum. Pt. iii. Macrura. Fascicle i. The Prawns of the Peneus group, 1906, pp. i-t1 and 1-55, pls. 1-vu1. 43. Marine Crustaceans, Paguride. [Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Stanley Gardener II, pt. iv, pp. 827-835, pl. Ixvut. | 44. On a new species of the Dorippoid genus Cymonomus trom the Andaman Sea, considered with reference to the geographical distribution of the Dorippide. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xv, 1905, pp. 565-576, pl. XVili. | 45. A Revision of the genus Peneus. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvi, 1905, pp. 508-532.] (v) Pushes. 46. List of the Pleuronectide obtained in the Bay of Bengal in 1888 and 1889, with Descriptions of New and Rare Species. lie A. S: B.,-lviii, pt, it, No.3, 1889,. pp. 279-205, pls: XVi-XVIil. | 47. Descriptions of some New and. Rare Species of Fishes from the Bay of Bengal, obtained during the season of 1888-89. [J. A.S. B., lviii, pt. ii, No. 3, 1889, pp. 296-305, pl. xxii.] 48. On the Bathybial Fishes of the Bay of Bengal and neigh- bouring waters, obtained during the seasons 1885-89. .fAnn. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), iv, 1889, pp. 376-399 and 450-401. } | 8 Papers published by Lieutenant-Colonel Alcock. |Vou. I, 49. On the Bathybial Fishes collected in the Bay of Bengal during the season 1889-90. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vi, 1890, pp. 197-222, pls. Vili-1x. | 50. On the Bathybial Fishes of the Arabian Sea, obtained during the season 1889-90. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vi, 1890, pp. 295-311. | 51. On some Undescribed Shore-Fishes from the Bay of Bengal. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), vi, 1890, pp. 425-443. ] 52. On the Deep-sea Fishes collected by the “ Investigator ’’ in 1890-91. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 138, pls. vii-viii. | vili, 1891, pp. 16-34, I1g- 53. On the Bathybial Fishes collected by the ‘‘ Investigator ”’ in 1891-92. [Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), x, 1892, pp. 345-365, pl. XViii. | 54. An Account of a Recent Collection of Bathybial Fishes from the Bay of Bengal and from the Laccadive Sea. [J. A. S.-B.; xan, pts ii, No.-2, 1804, pp. 115=137,"pls: Vi-vil. | 55. A Supplementary List of Marine Fishes of India, with Des- criptions of two new Genera and eight new Species. [J. A. 5. B., Ixv, pt. 11, No. 3, 1896, pp. 301-338. ] 56. A note on the Deep-sea Fishes, with Descriptions of some uew Genera and Species, including another probably Viviparous Ophidioid. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), ii, 1898, pp. 136-156. ] 57. An Account of the Deep-sea Fishes collected by the R.I.M.S. ‘ Investigator’’; being a descriptive Catalogue of the Deep-sea Fishes contained in the collection of the Indian Museum. (vt) Reptilia and Amphibia. 58. On a New Species of Flying Lizard from Assani. [Jo As FB, ixiv pt. 1; No, 1, 1895, pps 14-15, ple 59. An Account of the Reptilia collected by Dr. F. P. May- nard, Capt. A. H. McMahon, C.I.E., and the Members of the Afghan-Baluch Boundary Commission of 1896. (Jointly with F. Finn.) [J. A: S. B., Ixv, pt. ii, No. 4, 1896, pp. 550-566, pls. XI-Xv, | 60. Description of, and Reflections upon, a new species of Apodous Amphibian from India. [Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xiv, 1904, pp. 267-272, pl. Vil. ] 1908, | Records of the Indian Museum. 9 II. OTHER (OFFICIAL) PUBLICATIONS. 1. Illustrations of the Zoology of the R.I.M.S. “ Investiga- tor,’’ 1892—1907. (Jointly with J. Wood-Mason, A. &. S. Anderson, A. F. McArdle, A. C. MacGilchrist and N. Annandale.) Fishes .. pls. i-xxxviil. Crustacea— Malacostraca oo Mi bexiox, Entomostraca ,» i-i. Echinoderma .. ,, i-v. Mollusca . 4, 1-XVIll. 2. Report on the Natural History Results of the Pamir Boundary Commission of 1895. Pages I-18; 32-45; 4 pls. 3. A Guide to the Zoological Collections exhibited in the Invertebrate Gallery of the Indian Museum. Pages I-155, with 1 plan. 4. A Guide to the Zoological Collections exhibited in the Rep- _ tile and Amphibia Gallery of the Indian Museum. Pages 1-47, with 1 plan. 5. A Guide to the Zoological Collections exhibited in the Fish Gallery of the Indian Museum. 2 ay ee “i cn fet be Lob EAU NA OF BRACKISH PONDS AT POR CANNING, LOWER BENGAL. Part VII.—FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE POLYzOA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS OF ENTOPROCTA. by N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum. A considerable change has taken place in the Polyzoa of the ponds this winter, apparently owing to last summer’s floods, which broke down the embankment that separated the ponds from the river, joining them together temporarily. It will, therefore, be well to publish the observations arising from a visit to Port Canning in December, 1907, both as regards the species already recorded and as regards a new genus that appears to have been introduced since last winter. A comparison with European specimens, more- over, has also made it necessary to recognize the Bengal Victorella as a distinct species WeLOeROCGIA: Victorella bengalensis, sp. nov. V. pavida, Kent, Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus., 1, p. 200. The numerous colonies recently obtained in the ponds are more luxuriant than any I have seen before in India. Thanks to the kindness of Mr. R. Kirkpatrick, of the British Museum, and Mr. C. F. Rousselet, I have been able to compare them with some ex- ceedingly beautiful preparations of the true Victorella pavida made by the latter. In my former account of the form that occurs at Port Canning, I stated that I had found no specimens in which the proliferation was comparable in complexity with that of the colony of which a part is figured by Kraepelin in fig. 75, pl. iii of his Siisswasser-Bryozoen. Examples taken in the ponds this winter, however, are quite as complicated. The general appearance of the colonies is that of a thick fur coating the grass stems, etc., on which they grow. When free from green alge they are of a very pale flesh-colour as a whole, some of the zocecia being tinged with yellow, but the majority being practically colourless. The exact tint of the stomach depends on its contents, but it has intrinsically a 12 N. ANNANDALE: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. |Vou. II, faint vellowish tinge. [he complexity of budding is well illustrated by the accompanying figure (fig. 1) of the upper part of a parent zocecium with its buds of the first, second, third and fourth degrees. As a rule buds of the first degree arise direct from the upper part of a large zocecium, but sometimes a short tubular outgrowth intervenes, such outgrowths being more common in the case of buds of younger generations. A common form of what we may take as the unit of the colony (v7z., a parent zocecium and its direct offspring produced by budding) is that of an upright stem (the parent zocecium) with a single antler-like branch, consisting of buds and their buds, at one side; but two or more such branches are not infrequently produced. _ No trace of resting buds was found in specimens killed on Decem- ber 24th, ic. 1.—V. bengalensis, Port Canning, Dec. 1907. In the following points the Indian species differs from the European examples of V. pavida I have examined :— (1) in the small size of the swelling from which the zocecia arise ; (2) in the fact that a considerable number of zocecia are fre- quently grouped together with very short intervening false stola ; (3) in the more powerful development of the gizzard ; (4) in the fact that the distal part of some of the adult zocecia is approximately circuiar in cross-section. In the first two of these points, and to some extent in the fourth, V. bengalensis resembles Rousselet’s recently described V. symbrotica! from Lake Tanganyika; but we have no details of the anatomy of this African form, which was found growing in the substance of a freshwater sponge very much in the same | acey 2 yy . ee ae ns : fie Z00l, Soc., 1907 (1), p. 255.. The colonies seen by Mr. Rousselet were apparently devoid of lateral buds, but so are many examples of V. bengalensis. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 13 Spongilla lacustris in Kurope and in S. carteri, S. reticulata and S. crassissima in India. The Port Canning form of Vvctorella has not as yet been found in close connection with the sponge (S. alba) so common in the same ponds, but owing to the small area of the objects to which the colonies are attached, the zocecia are crowded together in very much the same way as would be the case if they were included in the substance of a sponge; they stand to one another, to put the matter in a different way, in much the same relation as the zocecia of Plumatella coralloides stand to the tissues of the sponge in which they are inclosed. All the zocecia of V. symbiotica figured by Rousselet are circular in cross-section throughout ; while in V. bengalensis some are circular or nearly so, some distinctly square. The nature of the gizzard, which in the Indian form though thin-walled (as compared with that of Bowerbanktia) is decidedly muscular, may be a more important feature from a systematic point of view. Saville Kent denied that V. pavida had a gizzard at all, while Bousfield called attention to its existence. That the statement of the former author was due to a misapprehen- sion is very possible, for even Hincks, whose experience of the Polyzoa was very much greater, at first placed the form he after- wards called Bowerbankia caudata in the genus Valkeria, on the ground that it had no gizzard. In this case, however, Hincks had only somewhat badly preserved specimens on which to base his diagnosis in the first instance, while Kent observed his speci- mens alive and was accustomed to minute microscopic investi- gation. I cannot, therefore, see any ground at present for sepa- rating the Vzctorella of Lower Bengal generically from that of Europe, although I am forced to regard it as a new species, for it is possible that the nature of the gizzard is a variable charac- ter, while the exact form of the connection between the zocecia is one that actually differs in different parts of the same colony : as a rule it has the quadriradiate formation regarded as so im- portant by Rousselet, whose remarks on this point (op. c?t.,. p. 252) are in full agreement with mine (Rec. Ind. Mus., 1, p. 201) on the “false stolon”’ of the Paludicellide. I have recently found Victorella in a pond of fresh water near Calcutta, the specimens agreeing in every respect with those taken this winter at Port Canning. Bowerbankia caudata (Hincks). I have been able to observe no difference between the speci- mens taken last year and those taken this. In several of the tanks I found colonies of the species interlaced with colonies of the hydroid Jvene cevlonensis, which the floods already alluded to have apparently enabled to extend its range in the ponds con- siderably, as it was previously found in one of them only but is now common in nearly all. It will, I think, be convenient to dis- tinguish the Port Canning form as ‘‘ race bengalensis.”’ 14 N. ANNANDALE: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou. HU, ENTOPROCTA. Among dense masses of Victorella, Bowerbankia and Irene on grass stems I noticed, in some preserved material obtained from Port Canning at the beginning of December, 1907, numerous little polypoid organisms, evidently Entoproctous polyzoa. Their condition made it impossible to examine them properly, but on December 24th I was able to collect living specimens. An in- vestigation based on these and on carefully preserved material proved them to represent a new genus, for which I have coined the name Loxosomatoides, in order to indicate its resemblance in one important character to Loxosoma; in some of its characters, however, it resembles Pedicellina more closely, and in others Urnatella, while it is perhaps more closely allied to the American Myosoma than to any other genus. LOXOSOMATOIDES, gen. nov. Colonial, deciduous Entoprocta arising from a creeping stolon ; the calyx separated from the stalk by a diaphragm, with a slanting or vertical lophophore, and bearing on its aboral surface a chitinous shield, which is absent from the stalk. Loxosomatotdes colomalis, sp. nov. Colony consisting of a large number of polypides, which arise, singly and at considerable intervals, from a sparsely branched, unsegmented stolon. Stalk smooth, minutely and irregularly annu- lated, variable in length. Calyx with from twelve to sixteen tentacles, which are bluntly pointed and relatively short. The shield borne on the aboral surface covering the whole of one side of the calyx, of an oval shape, covered with a large number of minute subrectangular depressions, which are separated from one another by narrow ridges, giving the whole structure a reticu- lated appearance ; stout spines, very variable in number and size, scattered irregularly on the shield. Alimentary canal more or less asymmetrical, the colon emerging from the stomach at one side ; stomach subspherical, very large. Two distinct forms of the species can be distinguished. It is impossible to separate them specifically, because polypides inter- mediate between them occur, but the colonies representing them are quite easy to distinguish as colonies, and the differences are prob- ably due to differences in environment. Form A.—Stalk much longer than calyx, clean; calyx of full-grown polypide measuring about 0°414 mm. in vertical length ; spines on shield not very strongly developed (figs. 2, 3). Form B.—Stalk not or very little longer than calyx, encrusted with inorganic débris; calyx of full-grown polypide measuring about 0°357 mm. in vertical length; spines on shield strongly developed, black at the tip (fig. 4). 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 15 Form A was found growing amidst dense colonies of Victorella, Bowerbankia and Ivene, while Form B was by itself on grass stems. The structure of the new Entoproct does not differ materially from that of other members of the group; its main outlines are FIG. 3. FIGS. 2 AND 3.—L. colonialis, form A, x 70 (from preserved specimens). clearly shown in fig. 5, which is drawn from a camera-lucida sketch of a carefully stained specimen. It will be well, however, to give a brief description of the more important and conspicuous organs. Fic. 4.—L. coloniahs, form B, x 7o (from preserved specimen). Lophophore— The extended lophophore bears a very close resemblance to that of Uvrnatella as figured by Leidy, owing not only to the direction of its main axis but also to the outline of the sphincter muscle, which in the living polypide has, when relaxed, a 16 _N. ANNANDALE: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vo1,. II, peculiarly delicate and at the same time expanded appearance ; it extends as a delicate, web-like structure for a considerable distance beyond the circle of tentacles. The tentacles are distinctly webbed at the base, apart from the sphincter, and, like those of Pedicellina, terminate somewhat abruptly. The fringe of cilia appears to be continuous round the distal extremity. When the tentacles are folded and the sphincter is contracted, the integument drawn together forms a papilla on the surface, the aperture being extremely minute and having a tubular form. ‘The direction of the lophophore is capable of a certain change. When contracted, it stands parallel to the main axis of the calyx, but when the sphincter is fully relaxed it slants considerably. Fic. 5.—Anatomy ‘of L. colontalis: A=anus; C=colon; F=fecal pellet; G=young ovary; M-=mouth; N=ganglion; R-=rectum; S=stomach; Sh = aboral shield: T=base of tentacles. Calyx— Owing to the presence of the aboral shield, the calyx is more rigid and less liable to change in outline than is the case with some Entoprocta. It has an ovoid and slightly flattened shape, the flattening being in the plane at right angles to the main axis of the calyx. ‘The cuticle is fairly thick, but smooth and quite trans- parent on what may be called, in Loxosomatotdes, the oral surface of the calyx; on the aboral surface it is thickened and chitinized to form the aboral shield. ‘The spines are variable in outline ; as a rule they are bluntly pointed; when they are well developed their tips are pigmented. Otherwise the shield has a yellowish 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 17 colour in living polypides and i specimens preserved in spirit. In specimens which have been cleared with cedar-wood or clove oil and mounted in canada balsam, however, the whole shield practically disappears, unless some method of double staining is employed. Alimentary Canal— When the tentacles are unfolded the circle of the lophophore surrounds a relatively large vestibule, the floor of which is often rather deeply concave, its exact form depending on the state of the alimentary canal. It is covered with long cilia which waive towards the mouth, a large circular aperture situated at the lower end of the vestibule. The mouth leads into a funnel-shaped cesopha- gus, which opens in its turn into the stomach, to which it is at right angles ; the opening is almost exactly in the middle of the anterior (“oral’’) surface of the stomach. ‘There is no epistome. ‘The colon, a wide tube which can be entirely shut off from the stomach by a constriction, starts from one side of the latter but bends round behind it in such a way that the rectum, which is separated from the colon by a distinct constriction, comes to lie parallel to the cesophagus. ‘The rectum is capable of great contraction and often takes on a spherical outline. In this condition it does not Fic. 6.—L. colonialis, polypide with retracted lophophore, from in front. reach the floor of the vestibule but lies at the base of a narrow pit devoid of cilia. When the rectum is extended, however, the anus opens on the floor of the vestibule a short distance from ‘its upper limits. Of all the divisions of the alimentary canal the stomach is by far the most bulky, filling up the greater part of the space in the calyx. Its anterior and posterior walls consist of greatly elongated cells; its base is fastened to the base of the calyx by means of a strand of tissue apparently resembling a dice- box in shape but very difficult to distinguish clearly as it takes all the stains I have tried on it feebly. The only part of the animal (except the shield) that is not absolutely colourless, is the stomach, which has a faint yellowish tinge, 18 N. ANNANDALE: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou. II, Gonads— The gonads arise as a pair of small reniform bodies, one lying on each side of the stomach. They branch as they develop, however, and become at first lobate, then dendritic, and finally form a broad zone, interrupted in front and behind, round the calyx, the branches being closely pressed together. All the colonies I have examined have been either male or female as colonies, but there were some indications in the female ones of protandry having occurred. I have not seen fully ripe ovaries or embryos, and am uncertain whether a brood-pouch exists. Nervous System— A relatively large ganglion exists near the centre of the calyx, in the bend of the alimentary canal, and sends off radiating nerves. Its position isthe same as that occupied by the ganglion of Pedicel- lina. Musculature— I have been unable to detect muscles in the calyx, unless the structure joining the stomach to the base of the calyx is of this nature. The greater part of the stalk consists of vertical, nucleated muscle-fibres. Stalk— The stalk is covered by a smooth, minutely annulated cuticle, not very thin but quite transparent and colourless. Within the cuticle, for ashort distance below the calyx, there is a single layer of flattened cells with nuclei that stain deeply ; but this layer only extends for a short distance. The diaphragm is tangential to the main axis of the stalk. The remainder of the stalk apparently con- sists of a uniform mass of muscle-fibres. Whether flame-cells occur in this mass I am unable to say, not having cut sections. The calyx apparently dies at not very infrequent intervals and falls off, leav- ing a pointed tip to the stalk. A new calyx is then formed within the distal part of the stalk, apparently from that part of it which possesses. a layer of flattened cells immediately within the cuticle. M ovements— The movements of the polypide are slow, except in the case of the tentacles and sphincter muscle, which are folded in and contracted with great rapidity. The tentacles, when extruded, are usually held with their tips bent inwards towards the centre of the circle outlined by the lophophore, but they can be straight- ened out so as to lie parallel to the main axis of the polypide, and their tips can be applied together when they are fully extended, in order that food, consisting of various minute organisms, may be seized between them. I am indebted to my friend, Mr. F. M. Howlett, for the sketches reproduced in figure 7 and representing living polypides in various attitudes. TOOS. | Records of the Indian Museum. 1g The calyx, when the tentacles are stretched out, either stands up vertically on the stem or is bent backwards so that its main axis is at right angles to that of the stalk and the lophopore is parallel or almost parallel to the stolon. When the animal is disturbed the calyx bends forwards and the aboral shield is pre- sented in the direction from which danger threatens. At the same time slow writhing movements, which seldom cease altogether, cause the stalk to curl into a loose spiral with a single whorl. ‘There is not, however, any nodding of the calyx such as takes place in some Entoprocta with deciduous calices. A finities— In its mode of growth Loxosomatoides closely resembles Ped- celina, from which the direction of the lophophore at once distin- guishes it; Loxosoma it only resembles in this one particular. The polypides bear a very close resemblance to young polypides BIiGw 7. of the freshwater North American genus Urnatella' in which the stalk has not yet become segmented ; this is particularly the case as regards the lophophore and the sphincter muscle. Probably, however, the closest affinities are with Myosoma,’ in which an aboral shield is developed but extends down the aboral surface of the stalk. This genus, as its name is intended to indicate, is dis- tinguished by the possession of definite muscles in the calyx, a character which I have been unable to detect in Loxosomatotdes. The aboral shield of the new genus and of Myosoma is possibly homologous with the zocecium of the Ectoprocta, but a study of its development would be necessary before it would be possible to make a definite statement on this point. | Leidy, Journ. Acad. Na’. Sci. Philadelphia, ix (2), p. 5, pl. i, fig. 5, 1884. 2 Robertson, ‘* Studies in Pacific Coast Entoprocta,”’ Prec. California Acad. Sct., 11 (3), p. 324, 1900. : AS a Li DESCRrPTION+sOF A NEW “DUCT Y O- NeaNeE = ee O N:GeE bh ROM TH be IN DLAN OC BAN: By R, KIRKPATRICK (Plate i.) On the occasion of a visit to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, I was kindly permitted by Dr. Annandale, the Superintendent of the Museum, to inspect the collection of Sponges. Among the treasures obtained from the Indian Ocean by the ‘“‘Investigater,’ were several dictyonine sponges of very elegant and remarkable form, all belonging to a species which had not been described before. For reasons stated below I consider the species to come under Eurete, despite the fact that there is no ‘‘ beautiful network” of anasto- mosing tubes, but simply a vertical hollow stem with hollow separate lamelle. Dr. Annandale entrusted the material to me for description, and I propose to name the new species Furete annandalet. Family EURETIDA, F. E. Schuize. Genus EURETE, Semper. 1868. Eurete, Semper. Verhandl. Wiivzburg pliys. med. Gesellsch., Neue Folge, band i. Szézb., July 18, 1868, p. xxix. 1887. Eurete, Schulze. ‘‘Challenger’’ Report, Hexactinellida, Da 250, 1899. Eurete, Schulze. Amertkantsche Hexactinelliden, p. Loo. 1904. Eurete, Wilson. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xxx. No. 1, ‘‘ Albatross ’’ Exp., 1891, Sponges, p. 62. Eurete annandalet, sp. nov. Sponge in form of an erect, hollow, sub-cylindrical column with four vertical longitudinal series of lamellate branches at right angles to the central column and arranged in opposite pairs, each pair forming angles of 50° and 130° with the pair immediately above and below. Lamellate branches tubular at place of origin, then explanate and obcordate, and with thin margin; with a wel defined round orifice on the upper and under surface of each lamella. With two kinds of scopule, with small hexactins, and micro-discohexasters. Z.E.V. 1422 Localities.—One_ specimen, 2 d (fig. 2), trom Lat. : : : Z.E.V. 2145 7°55’ N., Long. 81° 47’ E., 506 fathoms ; six specimens, — dea / Xe) R. KIRKPATRICK: A New Dictyonine Sponge. [Vov. U, (fig. x), from Station 321; Lat. 5° 4° 84° N., Long. 80° 222 E660 fathoms. Of the seven specimens the best preserved is the broken one (B) depicted in fig. 2, in which many of the flesh spicules still remain, but neither in this nor the others are there any traces of the spicules of the dermal or gastral layers. The other specimens consist only of the dictyonal network ; and the central tube is mostly filled with mud. In the longest specimen (A, fig. 1) the central sub-cylindrical column is 17 cm. in length, I°4:cm. in diameter near the base, and I cm. in diameter at the upper end. The specimen rises from a solid disk-like base 3 cm.in diameter. In three of the smaller specimens the basal disk is perforated by an opening leading into the axial gastral cavity. The thickness of the wall of the central column varies from I°1 to 1°2 mm. In the inner wall are four vertical rows of orifices leading to the lamellate branches. In several of the specimens the lumen of the central tube is filled with mud ; in one instance there are several minute Ophiurids. In five of the specimens the inner wall is smooth and the lumen bare of structure. ‘The upper end of the central cylinder opens by an oval orifice with the long axis forming angles of 50° and 130° with the axis of the lamellar pair immediately below, and with the margins slightly flared out. In specimen A is an incomplete (?) vertical partition of slender dictyonal network, so that there is an appearance of a double tube. The presence of mud makes it difficult to discover whether the partition is complete or not; possibly at first there is a complete partition which becomes ruptured as the sponge grows. In specimen B there are, on the inner wall, alternating pairs of longitudinal vertical ridges situated on a level with the orifices leading to the branches and in a plane at right angles to them. The lameliate branches or lamelle— The lamelle are arranged at right angles to the central tubu- lar axis, and in opposite pairs, each pair forming angles of 50° and 130° with the pair above or below it, the open or obtuse angle of the >< thus formed (fig. 8) being 130° and the acute angle 50°. A botanical colleague informs me that the four rows are orthostichous, and that the arrangement in opposite pairs alternately crossing, but not at right angles might be described as spuriously decussate. Looking down on the specimen from above, the wall of the central tube is visible along the course of the opposite obtuse angles, but is concealed by the overlapping lamelle along the line of the acute angles. Again, viewed in front there is an appearance of bilateral symmetry, 7.e., of two series of alternat- ing lamellee on each side of the spaces bounded by the opposite obtuse angles ; but the branches or lamelle develop in opposite pairs, accordingly the bilateral symmetry is a secondary develop- ment, ~ 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. D, Specimen A has twenty pairs of lamelle, 2.e., four vertical series of ten. The lamellz, in the well-preserved specimen B, have a short, sub-cylindrical, laterally compressed stem ; but this is less obvious in the other specimens, in which the branches come off at once as flat leaflets. The lamellee are saddleshaped with the lateral edges curving downwards ; accordingly, in the fragmentary specimen B, it was possible to see at a glance which were the upper and lower ends of the specimen. The lowest and oldest branches are reduced almost to mere ridges. A fully formed lamella is 19 mm. long, and 18 mm. wide. The single circular orifices on the upper and lower surfaces are 4 mm. in diameter, and with well-defined slightly raised rim. The upper orifice, obliquely directed and pointing upwards and outwards, is further away from the central column than the lower, which points downwards and outwards. In two instances there is a third orifice near the upper edge, suggesting an atavistic return to the form of colony with anastomosing tubes such as is found in the less specialised species of Eurete. The orifices on the lower surface of the lamella persist to a greater degree than those on the upper. Along one vertical series, for instance, all the ten lower surface ones are open, but only the four highest of the upper surface ones. In the orifices more recently closed up it is still possible to see the outline below the thin layer of dictyonal skeleton. Several of the lamelle in B have a denticulate process or tongue on the inner margin of the upper orifice and a larger one on the outer margin of, or quite external to, the lower orifice. The lamelle are hollow at their origin, but beyond the ort- fices the upper and lower lamine meet to form a thin edge. The Skeleton.—The dictyonal network does not present any striking peculiarities. ‘The network has square or oblong meshes, sometimes of considerable length, below the surface ; but at the surface the meshes form polygonal areas, each polygon being divided by spokes radiating from a centre, into triangular spaces. From the nodes arise spines varying in length, shape, thick- ness and character of surface, but for the most part cylindrical, knobbed and slightly tuberculated, and sufficiently numerous to give the surface of the sponge a hirsute appearance to the naked eye. The spines round the lamellar orifices are very short and terminate in spherical knobs. Among these spines are numer- ous specimens of a Lituoline Foraminifer, which often so closely resembles the spines, that it is not easy to distinguish them from the latter. This organism is cylindrical, with a bulbous base, and with a surface layer of overlapping, fine, diamond-shaped, vitreous plates. ‘he resemblance between the skeletal spines and the Foraminifer is so close as almost to suggest protective mimicry ,; though at the same time it is difficult to imagine how such a minute organism could profit in this manner, bf 24 R. KIRKPATRICK: A New Dictyonine Sponge. (VOL. I, 1908.] The dictyonal network does not fine off at the growing edges into a single laver as commonly happens in Farrea, and rarely in Furete. Spicules.—Scopule of two kinds. 1. With four or five knobbed prongs (fig. 10), 436 » in total length, the prongs being 62 » long; the shaft, which 1s slightly swollen at the point of origin of the prongs, is roughened at the upper and lower end ; the lower end is blunt-pointed ; the prongs are coarsely granular ; and the pyriform knobs provided with retrocedent spines ; the shaft, which is swollen at the cladal origin, is roughened at the upper and lower ends ; the lower end rather blunt-pointed usually ; the prongs, 62 » long, are coarsely granular, and the pyriform knobs provided with retrocedent spines. 2. Scopule with lanceolate prongs (fig. 11), total length 694 »; the whole surface smooth ; shaft 6°5 » thick at centre, swollen at cladal end to II». Prongs, usually five in number, smooth, lanceolate, 82 » in length. I found both kinds of scopule on the dermal side, and was unable to make out any distinction between dermal and gastral scopule. Small hexactins, varying a good deal in size, but with rays on an average 400 to 450 » in length, with finely spined surtace. Discohexasters 44°5 , in total diameter, with smooth primary rays 6°25 » long, each primary with four roughened curved, second- ary rays 16 long, each ending in minute disk with finely denticu- late edge. A ffinities.-—The new species in its general form comes nearer to Eurete erectum, FE. Schulze (l.c., supra, p. 106), and its varieties (Wilson, /.c., supra, p. 62, e¢ seg.), than to other species of the genus, but at the same time there are great differences. In £. evectum there is a tendency to form a long axial growth rather than a clump of anastomosing tubes. In LE. evectum var. tubuliferum, Wilson, there is only a single axis with lateral branches, as in the new species ; in this variety the lateral branches are at first cup-like, with flaring edges, which latter in more developed branches curve over and meet in such a way as to leave an orifice at each end of the line of junction. In EF. annandalet a great degree of specialisation has arisen , the simple tube or cup expands into a hollow lamella in which the coalescent edges form the margin of a leaf-like lamina. The upper and lower laminar orifices represent the openings left by the partial fusion of the edges of the simple tubular branch. In spite of the high degree of specialisation attained in this species by the branches and their openings, it did not seem neces- sary to place the form under a new genus. In other Euretid sponges we find great divergence from the anastomosing tubular srowth even within the limits of the same species, as in Farrea occa (Bowerbank) var. laminaris, ‘Topsent (Résult. Camp. Scr. Monaco, tasc. xxv, p. 44, -pl. vi, figs. 1, 2), and F. occa var. foliascens, Topsent (Bull. Mus, Oceanograph. Monaco, November 1906, p. I). EXPLANATION. OF PLATE I. —Eurete annandalet, sp. nov. Specimen A, nat. size. .—Specimen B, nat. size. —Section of a third specimen showing interior of axial column, nat. size. 4.—Upper surface of a lamella, nat. size. 5.—Under surface of same, nat. size. 6.—Side view of same, nat. size. 7.—Front view of same, nat. size. 8.—Diagrammatic transverse section to show angle at which branches cross. g.—Uncinate, x 160. 10.—Knobbed scopula, x 160; 10a, cladal end of another spicule, x 425. 11.—Lanceolate scopula, x 160; 11 a, cladal end of another spicule, x 425. 12.—Hexactin, x I60. 13.—Discohexaster, x 425. won x I. MUS. Vol. I], 1908. IND. REC. rn. a E ANNANDALEL | BURE ELI.-NOTES ON FRESHWATER SPONGES. By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum. VIII.—PRELIMINARY NOTICE OF A COI,LECTION FROM WESTERN INDIA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES. The following sponges were collected in November last in the Gwalior Tank, Bombay, in the lake and in a small pond at Igat- puri in the Western Ghats, and in the Godaveri River at Nasik on the eastern side of the same range of hills .— Spongilla lacustris, auctorum, in a pond at Igatpuri. es cinerea, Carter, on stones in the Godaveri at Nasik. 3 cartert, Bowerbank, in different situations at Bom- bay and Igatpuri. a bombayensis, Carter, on stones in the lake at Igat- puri. * indica, sp. nov., on stones in the Godaveri at Nasik. 2 lapidosa, sp. nov., together with the last and on stones at Igatpuri. [’phydatia indica, Annandale, on stones in a pond at Igatpurt. The specimens of Sfongilla lacustris are small, but typical ; those of S. cinerea, S. cartert, S. bombavensis and Ephydatia indica I have compared with types or co-types. “dactyle. of. the raptatorial claw ... usually with no more than six mar- ginal spines... .. Genus Squtllc. Bigelow, in a report on the Stomatopods collected by the ‘ Albatross,” follows Brooks in his definition of the genus (Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, vol. 17, 1894). Of the three features chosen to define Squalla from Lyszosquilla, the ‘‘ Investigator” species exhibits only two, for Lysiosquilla is the genus which possesses, according to the above definition, not less than six raptatorial spines (some species of this genus have ten), In the form of the telson and uropods, however, the new species is obviously a true Sguilla; the figure (plate 11) shows this better than any verbal description. At least two other species of Sguilla possess a larger number of raptatorial teeth than six. Squilla raphidea, a very widely dis- tributed species, has eight: S. aymata is referred to by Bigelow (ant. cit.) as having, ‘‘7 to 9 teeth on the raptatorial claw, rarely 6”; this species evidently resembles S. investigatoris in the nature of its variability, though this occurs to a less degree in the former species. Except tor these two species the genus Sqguilla seems to be remarkably constant as regards the raptatorial claw. In order to test and illustrate the stability of this appendage, the number of teeth on the claws of all the Squillas in the Indian Museum was counted. The collection is a large one and in excellent order ; as can be seen from the following list, it has been gathered from eastern tropical seas in a wide sense, though chiefly from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. It should be mentioned that all of one species from one named locality have been included in one group, although they may have been received from different donors at different times. For example, the 71 specimens of S. iterrupta from Hongkong were received on four separate occasions, the 39 specimens of S. hemischista were obtained from three separate stations on the Orissa coast: the same may be said of the 55 specimens of S. hemischista from Madras, Although included in one group the specimens were 32 R. EK. Lioyp: Remarkable Cases of Vartation probably collected from widely separate places. the true genus Squilla have been included. squilla and Protosquilla were not counted. Species. S. interrupta 9° S. affinis S. holoschista S. hemischista a S. strvidulans ”) a3 . multicarinata S. tenuispina 1WN Locality Sandheads (mouth of. Hooghly). Hongkong Karachi Bombay Orissa coast (B. of Bengal) Mutlah light (mouth of Hooghly). Singapore | Akyab (Burma) Camorta I. (Nicobars) Vizagapatam coast Hongkong Yokohama Nagasaki Madras Sandheads ~ Colombo Vizagapatam | Madras Orissa coast Sandheads Cochin . | Penang | Singapore Ganjam. coast Bombay Ganjam port _Vizagapatam coast Hongkong ee Orissa coast (68 fathoms) | “B. of Bengal’’ (240 fathoms). Godavery coast (95 fath- oms). . Hongkong Arakan coast - Off L. Andaman I. (188 fathoms). Ganjam coast a Godavery coast (95 fath- oms). | Number of Number of abnormal norinal specimens. nN iS) SOG Tr OO UH NN HH COOH HO HH WW PN HyH-e Neen eee mamma mamma ananassae. a ala ala lala alol ala alo | ve 17 (§ specimens, only one claw present, bear- ing 6 spi 4 (3) [ VOL. 711; WwW — HH — lanl — opopee nes. | | | | | | als Nee eoticsoos6 of! ala — oO Only species of Lystosquilla, Pseudo- “specimens. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. Oo iS) Number of Number of Species. Locality. normal abnormal specimens. specimens. S. leptosquilla (closely | **B. of Bengal’? (270— BES) O resembling S. ten- 419 fathoms}. uispina). S. polita .. | Madras +» | 13 (3) T (5) - .. | Pondicherry 3-(z) O Bombay I (4) I (2) . Hongkong A 2 (2) O a .. | Orissa coast Me r (S) O S. fasczata .. Andamans ay ri) O S. gorypetes .. Cheduba straits (Burma) rae O S. gilesit | B. ot Bengal ~- -(65 1° 4.(8) o fathoms). S. scorpio (ummacu- Hooghly estuary bo 7 (3) O lata). S. scorpio (genuina) | Karachi I (2) O os .. | Bombay te) 0 S. raphidea .. | Mergui 4 3 (8) I (3) . .. Bombay -«| 14 (8) OD | Sandheads s To: (2) O Rangoon I (z) O is .. Andamans = I (%) 0 5 .. | Singapore o. 1 .(3) O - .. | Persian Gulf sae) 0) a .. | Karachi Tits) O of .. | Hongkong ew 203) fe) a .. Gulf of Martaban (61 ite) O fathoms). a .. | Off Cape Negrais (Burma) T (8) O S. ovatorta .. | Bombay os I ($) 0 S. supplex es on I (3) 0 S. chlorida .. Hongkong = 6 (g) 0 S. foveata .. | Ye (Burma) re I (¢) 0 TOTAL 19 63 451 TO The 451 specimens are, therefore, remarkably stable as regards number of raptatorial teeth. Variations from the normal type of the species only occurring to the extent of about 2 per cent. In their other features the members of this collection seem also very stable, and in these other features S. tnvestigatorts is itself very stable: for example, on the outer border of the tail of a Squilla (exopod of uropodite) are eight movable spines; this number is very constant throughout the genus, and all of the seventeen specimens of S. investigatoris possess eight spines in this situation. The stability of this feature is in striking contrast to the variability of the claw in the same species. 34 R.. i. Lroyp: Remarkable Cases of Variation. [Vou. II, The following facts seem, therefore, to be well established :— (1) The great variability of one feature (the raptatorial claw) in a particular race of the genus Squzlla. (2) The comparative stability of the same feature in other races of the genus from neighbouring seas. In reference to the same subject the following statements may also be made, though the supporting evidence is much less sure :— (3) This variable race of the genus is very common in one locality ; but is rare (or does not occur) outside that locality. No exception can be taken to the first part of this state- ment. ‘The number of specimens actually taken at one hawl of the net was recorded as over 500. It is not usual to obtain a new species in such large numbers, though the records of deep-sea dredging show similar results from time to time. The second part of the statement, that this variable race is rare outside the particular locality where it was found, is, of course, open to the objection that the fauna of Indian seas is very imper- fectly known. How far this is true of the genus Sguzlla is fully shown in the above table, which shows the wide distribution of some of the species on both sides of the Indian Peninsula, (4) This variable race occupies an environment (beneath 110 fathoms of water, far from terrestrial influences) which must be comparatively constant in any one place, through considerable periods of time: fur- thermore, the circumstances of this environment cannot differ widely from those met with close to the 100-fathom line in neighbouring seas. This statement does not rest on any definite evidence, though it appears generally true that the conditions of life beneath 1oo fathoms of water must be less liable to change than in very shallow water or on land. The genus Squilla is usually found in shallow water. It is comparatively rare in depths of over 50 fathoms. In the above list, the depth has been noted in the case of specimens taken from other than shallow water. It is not likely that increased depth of water could in itself produce variation in the direction of an increase of raptatorial spines. That it has no such influence is shown by the species S. stvidulans, which has been taken from 68, 240 and 95 fathoms but shows only six raptatorial teeth, still more so by the species S. ftenuispina and S. leptosquilla which have been taken from 188, 95, 270 and 419 fathoms, for these species have only four teeth, LTheoretical considerations, ‘Taking into consideration the number of teeth on the raptatorial claw of all the known species of Sqgudlla, it is difficult to believe 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. a5 otherwise than that this variable and many-toothed species has been derived from a form which had a smaller number of teeth. This number was probably six, for this is most common throughout the genus. One who holds strictly to the idea that such changes are brought about by the perpetuation and accumulation of minute variations which occur in any direction, must suppose that the widely dis- tributed members of the genus are kept constant as regards number of teeth, because that number suits some peculiarity of their environ- ment. Any individuals showing variations from that number are usually unable to reach maturity, for abnormal specimens appear among a collection of adults to the extent of only 2 per cent. In order to explain how a form having fifteen teeth was derived from one having but six, one must believe, if the theory of gradual change is true, that-a séries of ancestors having 7, 8, 9.... 15 teeth must have existed. Starting from the point when the six- toothed form gave rise to one having seven teeth, one must imagine a change in the environment which favoured the few seven-toothed variations, so that few as they were among the myriads of young, a comparatively large percentage of them began to reach maturity and to transmit the new character to their offspring, until seven- . toothed adults formed a majority and a new species was formed. By a like process this gave rise to a species having eight teeth. The change of environment which caused the production of the seven-toothed form out of the six-toothed, could not produce the eight-toothed form from the seven-toothed. To produce this a further change in the environment appears to be necessary. ‘This change must have been similar in nature to the first change, for it produced a like effect, but it must have been of increased intensity. If it were not so, the race would remain seven-toothed. In other words there must have been a continuous and increasing change of some particular feature of the environment to have caused the change in number of teeth from six to fifteen. What this change could have been is not easy to imagine. The supposition might be made of a gradual diminution in the size of the favourite prey, favouring an increase in number of the raptatorial teeth. How- ever, if one examines, side by side, the claw of a Squzlla with six teeth, and that of one with fifteen teeth, it seems impossible to imagine a small animal which could escape from either when the dactyle is closed down into its opposing groove ; still less can this supposition account for an increase of one tooth at a time. The facts of the case, which do not seem to be in favour of the “Theory of gradual change,” are recorded here as a contribution to the study of animal variation available for comparison with similar cases which may be recorded. Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. II, 1908. PLATE II. i i400 t The dactyles of sixteen specimens of Squilia investigatoris drawn with the camera lucida, x4. 1a and 16 are the left and right dactyles of the specimen shown on plate iii. Certain of the figures (notably 9, 10 and 11) show a tendency for the teeth to be distributed in pairs as though increase in the number of teeth has been brought about by duplication in the middle of the series. a a Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. Il, 1908. PLATE III. S \ ) SS \ S=> \ <——— \ = 2 = \ Mondul del. SQUILLA INVESTIGATORIS. x 2 Ve Dh > C Rae T EON OF sa NEW SPECIES. OF Pie eR DA OMe Hel 2G Ee NUS. S ALE A PROM ASSAM . By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum. The range of the genus Salea was thought until recently to be confined {with a possible extension into Ceylon) to Southern India, where two species (S. horsfieldit and S. anamallayana) occur. In my ‘‘ Notes on the Oriental Lizards in the Indian Museum ”’ (/oc. post. cit., p. 81), however, I recorded two specimens from North- Eastern India, one collected by the late Dr. Stoliczka at Moulmein in Lower Burma and one by Col. Godwin Austen in North Assam. The former specimen, a female, agrees in every respect with exam- ples of S. horsfieldii from the Nilgiris, but the latter must, I now think, be recognized as the type of a new species, which is here described. Salea austentana, sp. nov. horsfieldu, Gray, Annandale (partim), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1905, p. 86. Habit rather stout, the adpressed hind limb reaching the anterior border of the orbit ; tail compressed. tympanum about half as large as the orbit, its distance from which is distinctly less than the length of the snout ; width of the orbit a little less than the length of the snout; canthus rostralis and superciliary ridge angular; snout slightly concave above, sloping. A curved fold covered with granular scales in front of the shoulder ; scales on the back and sides of diverse sizes, bluntly pointed, occasionally split at the tip, rather feebly keeled, relatively broad; ventrals triangular, without a terminal spine, feebly keeled, strongly im- bricate ; gulars smooth, no larger than some of the ventrals ; scales on the upper surface of the limbs and the lower surface of the tail strongly keeled. Dorsal and nuchal crests continuous, con- sisting of a single row of scales (in the female) which are lanceolate on the neck and triangular on the body, continued on the tail as a slightly serrated ridge. Colour dull green mottled on the sides with brown and diversified on the head with the following markings : a narrow longitudinal line between the eyes that bifurcates in front and behind, the anterior bifurcation forming the two posterior sides of a lozenge in outline on the snout, and the posterior one the two equal sides of an isosceles triangle on the back of the vertex ; two slanting-shaped lines on the supraocular regions, one on each side ; a dark streak extending from the lower posterior limit of the 38 N. ANNANDALE: A new species of Lizard [Vo1. II, 1908.] orbit nearly to the nape ; a series of fine lines radiating from the eye. Locality—Hills near Harmatti, Assam. The type (apparently a female) was collected during the Dafla. Expedition of 1874-75, and is numbered 3976 in the Indian Museum register of reptiles. Its dimensions are as follows :— Length of head and body .. re 2 (OO iin: Width of head = ie Bh ek oT Age Length of snout fs te - np PaO ear Width of orbit ce a 23 3s Length of tail a me = a= 2305 Length of fore limb .. -e if ee Length of hind limb .. e af ys On eae Boulenger’s ‘‘ key’ to the genus in Faun. Brit. Ind., Reptiles, p. 131, will have to be emended as follows to include the new species :— A. No fold in front of the shoulder. (a) Snout not more than once and a half as long as the diameter of the orbit a .. S. horsfieldi. B. A fold in front of the shoulder. (a) Snout nearly twice as long as the diameter of the orbit .. S., anamallayana. (b) Snout only slightly longer than the diameter of the orbit .. S. austeniana. Mr. L,. l,. Fermor, of the Geological Survey of India, has recently sent to the Museum a specimen of S. horsfieldia captured at the height of 8,000 feet in the Nilgiris. ~~ oS SEetESEeTSEerwreee — SO Viti PAUNA OF BRACKIGH PONDS AT PORT CANNING, LOWER BENGAL. ParT VIII.—PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTION OF AN OLIGOCHATE WORM OF UNCERTAIN POSITION. By J. STEPHENSON, Major, I.M.S., Professor of Biology, Government College, Lahore. The worm which forms the subject of the following notice was sent to me along with a colony of Victorella pavida (on which. as well as on Bowerbankia caudata and Loxosomatoides, it lives) by Dr. Annandale, having been found by him in the brackish pools at Port Canning. The specimens were in a good state of preservation; but, with the exception of the general outlines of the alimentary canal, details of internal anatomy are scarcely to be recognised in preserved specimens ; and the following descrip- tion has mainly to do with the general external characters and the sete. The worms were whitish in colour, and measured (probably in a somewhat contracted condition) from 1°5 to 4°5 mm. in length ; the average was from 3 to 4 mm. There is a well-marked pro- stomium, bluntly conical in shape ; the anterior part of the body is somewhat swollen in an ovoid manner; then follows a short, slightly constricted region ; after which the body, enlarging again, maintains a cylindrical shape to the posterior end. It is possible that in preserved specimens the anterior end appears more swollen than during life, since the setal bundles are placed closer together here; the anterior portion of the body having contracted more, probably, than the posterior. There are no eyes. Fic, 1.—Side view of anterior part of body, showing the arrangement of the setal bundles of one side : pr., prostomium. The number of segments varies from about 20 to about 30. The posterior, regularly cylindrical part of the body is consti- tuted by all the segments after the tenth, the anterior ovoid por- tion comprises the first eight or nine, and the constricted region 40 J. STEPHENSON: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. {Vot,. 1, consists of the tenth and perhaps the ninth segment also. In the anterior part of the body the segments may be delimited on the ventral surface by a series of narrow, groove-like, transverse markings. There are two dorsal and two ventral setal bundles in all segments from the second onwards. ‘The sete are of two kinds, hook-setee and needle-setee ; the most anterior bundles, both dorsal and ventral, consisting of needle-setee, the posterior of hook-sete. The needle-setze are from ‘08 to ‘12 mm. in length, finely pointed, not bifid, the extreme point being slightly recurved. They are somewhat bayonet-shaped, and appear to be definitely strengthened or thickened along the convexity of the angle of their chief curve (v. text-fig. 2). They project from the body-wall for about half their length, that is, from the region of the angle ; the angle looks forwards, and the distal pointed extremity backwards FIG. 2: FIG. 3. Fic. 2.—A needle-seta: a. its most prominent angle. Fic. 3.—A hook-seta: b. free end. Apparent ridge-like thickening of needle-seta at ’ the slightly thicker part of the hook-seta, near its ’ The hook-sete are from ‘033 to ‘055 mm. in length. In the most anterior segments (vi—viii) in which they occur, they are longer (‘05—"055 mm.) than is the case posteriorly (mostly °035 —o4 mm.). ‘They are bifid at the free end; the proximal prong of the fork is considerably longer and stouter than the distal, and its axis is about at right angles to the shaft of the seta, There 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 4I is a nodulus at the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the shaft, and between the nodulus and the terminal hook the shaft is again slightly thickened. The proximal portion of the shaft shows a gentle curve in a direction the reverse of that of the hook, the whole being thus somewhat |-shaped (v. text-fig. 3).. These setze project very slightly from the surface of the body. The dorsal bundles as far as the seventh segment are generally (or always, with perhaps the exception of the seventh itself) made up of needle-setze alone; the eighth segment may bear dorsally either needles, or hooks, or both; the ninth and succeeding seg- ments bear hooks only. The ventral bundles, as far as the fifth segment, have only needle-sete ; those of the sixth and seventh, needles, or hooks, or both; posterior to this the ventral bundles consist of hooks only. ‘The needle-sete, therefore, extend some- what further back dorsally than ventrally. . Fic. 4.—Showing the general shape and the outlines of the alimentary canal ; the sete are not shown: /., black particles in intestinal wall; @., cesophagus ; ph., pharnyx. The number of setze in a bundle is three or four in the anterior and middle portions of the animal’s length, diminishing to two or one at the posterior end. The pharynx is a somewhat globular organ in the second and third segments; the cesophagus, a narrow tube with com- paratively thick walls, forms in the preserved specimens a series of curves, passing through a stout septum behind the tenth segment (septum +2), and widens abruptly into the intestine. This latter tube may be regularly dilated and constricted through- out a large part of its length, the constrictions being probably due to its passage through the septa. The epithelium shows within its component cells, through a large part of its extent, a number of fine black particles (text-fig. 4). 42 J.StepHENnson : The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou. II, 1908.] Although no signs of asexual reproduction have been seen in any of the specimens so far examined, the general appearance and structure of the worm would seem to indicate that it belongs to the Naidide. The peculiar arrangement of sete has not, so far as I know, been described in any form hitherto known ; and I would therefore propose for its reception the creation of a new genus Matla, adopting for this purpose the native name of Port Canning, where the animal was found; as its specific name I would suggest bengalensis. Both these names I owe to the kind- ness of Dr. Annandale, who discovered the worm and gave me the opportunity of examining it. VII.—DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CAVERNICO- FOUs= PHASGONURID FROM LOWER SIAM. By W. F. Kirsy, British Museum (Nat. Htst.). Diestrammena annandaler, sp. nov. Female brownish chestnut, rather shining, the segments of the abdomen often banded with brown behind ; legs lighter than the body, indistinctly banded with dusky, at least towards the base on the outer surface. Legs long and slender, front tibiae at least twice as long as the pronotum, and longer than the femora ; middle tibize hardly longer than the femora ; hind tibiz considerably longer. Ovipositor two-thirds as long as the body, slightly curved. Long. corporis a e .. I4-16 mm », pronoti as 7 oe 530 » ,, temorum anticorum a3 .. 13-14 ,, cf . posticorum .. 18-21 ,, ,, tibiarum posticarum e4 ow 22-25"... 5, Ovipositis ~ — -. Q-IO ,, Ditters from D. wnicoloy, Brunn., which is in the British Museum collection from Tsur Island, and which is recorded from Vladivostok, Pekin and Moulmein, by its much longer legs, and in the tibiz being distinctly longer than the femora. Dr. Annandale has submitted nine specimens to me, all females. As the bodies are considerably arched, the dimensions are probably somewhat understated. Locality.—Limestone caves in hills near Biserat, Jalor, Siamese Malay States (Annandale and Robinson). oe aad re AU eateeay ear Bt lai a VUL—DESCRIPTVONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MAR TNE AN Derek hoi WATER SHELLS PN, eae © ae Ce ON: OP LE, [NON MUSE UM SOCAL CU TT A. by Heb, PRESTON: 4? 7.5. Bitium insulsum, Sp. NOV. Shell élongately fusiform, narrowly perforate, yellowish white with a broad circular band of ‘pale reddish brown; whorls 9, can- cellate with transverse ribs and spiral grooves; aperture oval : peristome simple. Altitude Aa 2 3 mn, Diam., major .. ene Cae Habitat—Galle, Ceylon. Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta. Gottonta andamanta, sp. nov. Shell conical, very solid, white, strongly keeled at periphery ; whorls 5, rather flat, spirally lirate and transversely costate, pre- senting a somewhat minutely nodilous appearance; sutures im- pressed, aperture circular ; peristome thickened. Altitude At a, 2, Thm. Diam., major .. I Pebitete sdanan ielands: Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta. Bithynia pygme@a, sp. nov. Shell ovately fusiform, dark olive-brown ; whorls 34, convex, smooth ; sutures well impressed ; aperture oval ; peristome simple, continuous ; umbilicus narrow ; operculum shelly, spiral with cen- tral nucleus. Altitude 3°25 mm Diam., major .. eee Fo Aperture, alt. LS = sys diam. vf dd”) Habitat—Myetmyo, Burma. Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta, 46 H. B. Preston: New Indian Shells. [Voy IT, Odostomia pfetffert, sp. nov. Shell fusiform, semi-transparent white; whorls 6, spirally striate; sutures well impressed; aperture elongately, inversely auriform ; columella bearing a coarse plait ; peristome simple. Altitude ei 2. 25 mam: Diam., major .. By es jee Andaman fevance Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta. FIG. TI. FIG. 2. Fic. 1.—Bittium insulsum, sp. nov. FIG. 2..-—Gottonia andamanica, sp. nov, Fic. 3.—Bithynia pygmea, sp. nov. Miralda gemma, sp. nov. Shell oblong ovate, white ; whorls 4, somewhat inflated, sculp- tured on the upper part with coarse coste, below which appears a spiral liration ; lower half of body whorl and base of shell spirally lirate ; sutures well impressed ; aperture ovate ; peristome simple above, somewhat dilated at base. Altitude se ses 1°25, tin, Diam., major .. we 5 Habitat—Oman. dy Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta. Limnea simulans, sp. nov. Shell fusiform, brownish horn colour ; whorls 5; sutures impressed ; umbilicus narrow, partly concealed by the reflexed columella; columella arched, thick, extending into a callus which reaches the lip above ; peristome simple ; aperture inversely auriform. Altitude oy 97 75 iim, Diam., major .. SAIS say Aperture alt.”.< sien = * diam. 2 a Habitat—Pharping, Nepal, 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 47 Though the shell itself is of a brownish horn colour, all the specimens before me are covered with a thick blackish coating of some substance, probably of a vegetable nature. Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta. — FIG. 5. Fic. 6. Fic. 4.—Odostomia pfeiffert, sp. nov. = Fic. 5.—Muralda gemma, sp. nov. Fic. 6.—Limnea stmulans, sp. nov. Unio siligurvensis, sp. nov. Shell inequilateral, ovate oblong, reddish brown, sculptured with concentric lines of growth and oblique transverse wrinkles, these latter being especially marked posteriorly ; anterior side rounded ; posterior side acuminately rounded ; dorsal margin arched ; ventral margin very slightly contracted inthe middle; umboes much eroded ; interior of shell iridescent, pale bluish white. Long. oa ren 7 | mm. Lat. = eae BULES i Habitat—Siliguri, N. Bengal. Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta. FIG. 7. NG sere Fic. 7.—Unio siliguriensis, Preston (type), sp. nov. Fic. 8.—Corbicula sylhetica, Preston, sp. nov. Corbicula sylhetica, sp. nov. Shell nearly equilateral, tumid, subtrigonal, pale olive-green, sculptured with fineirregular concentric striz; anteriorside rounded ; 48 H. B. Preston: New Indian Shells. [VoL. II, 1908. ] posterior side somewhat angularly rounded ; lateral margins sloped ; ventral margin rounded, slightly contracted towards the posterior side ; umboes large ; interior of shell purplish white. Long. I0°5 mm. Lat. ee ee ee Habitat—Phenchoogan}j, Sylhet, Assam. Allied to C. trawadica, Benson, but is more trigonal and more swollen. Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta. pS ae 2 NOE SON VORTEN TAT SS VRPAT DA WET DESCRIPTIONS OF INE Ws PaCS, PAR a: By K. BRUNETTI. (N.B.—The plates herein referred to, are to be found in vol. i of the - Rec. Ind. Mus.,! following p. 380.) Since Van der Wulp’s Catalogue of 1896, little work has been done on Oriental Syrphid@. So far as I am aware, less than twenty new species have been described and no paper of importance pub- lished. The following notes, collected during a revision of the Indian Museum collection of Syvrphid@, may prove of interest. The recently recorded species are referred to and descriptions of thirty-nine new species added, the types of which exist either in the Museum collection cr my own. A number of species named by Bigot, but apparently not described, are in the Museum collection, and these I have des- cribed herein. The tables of species are drawn up partially [rom descriptions, to serve as aids to their identification pro tem., pending a more thorough revision of this family, and are therefore not intended to represent an ultimate view of their characters and affinities. Mr. Verrall’s sequence of sub-families has been followed, but the genera are not arranged in any special order. Circumstances permitting, I hope to deal later on with some of the genera not touched upon in this paper. In the explanation of the plates (given in previous volume) belonging to this paper, the terms “ an- terior’ and “ posterior”’ leg, would be more ccrrectly replaced by “fore’’ and ‘‘ hind ” leg respectively ; throughout the text the terms “anterior legs”? and “posterior legs’? are used in their correct sense, to designate the two front pairs or two hind pairs respectively. { In the explanation of pl. xi on p. 379, opposite *‘ fig. 9,’’ Macquart is given as the author of the species Volucella nubeculosa. This is an error; it should be Bigot. 50 KH. BRUNETTI: Notes on Ortental Syrphide. [Vou. IT; BACCHA, F. Twenty-one species of Baccha have been recorded from the East. Mr. Austen’s paper on some new species of this genus in the: British Muséum. (‘Proc..Zool. Soc. Lond.,. 1893, p. 132)°*con- tains descriptions of seven from the Orient, excellently illustrated, and to these I add three more which appear to be new. B. robusta, mihi, sp. nov. (PI. xi, figs. 3, 4.) @# @. Lower Burma (Mergui). Long. Io-12 mm. @. Front above antenne triangular, nearly wholly occupied by a shining black triangle; the remainder grey; vertex shining black ; below antennee dull black, seen from below, but brilliant, shining, silvery white seen from above. Eyes subcontiguous at nearest point of approach, rather widely separated at vertex. Antenne bright red, tip of 3rd joint brown above. Thorax: dorsum cinereous, with three darker stripes, of which only the centre one attains the fore border. Humeral calli testa- ceous ; sides of thorax grey. Scutellum dull testaceous. Abdomen only slightly contracted at base; 2nd and 3rd seg- ments pale tawny, posterior borders widely blackish, 4th segment all black, with an arched band near base, of pale shining grey, inter- rupted in the middle ; extreme posterior border of segment brown. Legs black ; four anterior femora, basal half of hind femora, and basal half of all the tibiae, yellowish tawny ; tips of anterior femora sometimes darkened above. Wings clear ; stigma yellow, halteres yellowish. 9. Front rather broad, grey, the callosity above antenne shining black, oblong, nearly reaching from eye to eye; upper part of frons shining black, reaching from vertex nearly to the callosity. Abdomen black ; 2nd segment with a vertically elongated pale spot on each side, nearly meeting in the centre on the fore- border ; 3rd and 4th with a transverse hoary yellowish grey oval spot on each side, nearly on the fore border; 4th segment with brown posterior border ; last segment brown. Described from six ~ ~ and four @ @ in the Indian Museum collection from Merguti. B. nigricosta, mihi, sp. nov. (PI. x1, fig. 5.) @”. Tower Himalayas (Bhim Tal, 4,500 feet). Long. 10 mm. Front above and below antenne grey dusted. Eyes quite contiguous nearly to the vertex, which is very small and shining black. Below antennee a wide shining black stripe ; frontal triangle above antenne shining black seen from the front. Antenne reddish brown, the two basal joints black. Proboscis black, tip red. Thorax shining black, minutely pubescent, unmarked, sides blackish grey ; scutellum rather large, shining black, with a few pale hairs. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. tg Abdomen: Ist segment broadly semi-circular, of exactly the same shape and size as scutellum, 2nd very pedicillate, 3rd narrow at base, thence sharply widening; general colour of abdomen black, moderately shining, with rather long blackish grey hairs at sides of 2nd and 3rd segments, and faint traces of a pair of spots at the middle of the sides of 3rd segment, and towards the base (at the sides) of 4th segment. Legs pale tawny, hind femora and tibie with a dark band towards the tip, hind tarsi blackish. Wings blackish, nearly clear at base. Stigma black, much elongated and a blackish cloud immediately below it, and a small blackish spot at extreme tip of costa. Described from one @ taken by Dr. Annandale (19—22-ix-06) at Bhim Tal, Kumaon, now in the Indian Museum collection. B, tinctipennis, mihi, sp. nov. (PI. xi, fig. Ge 6.) @. Lower Himalayas (Bhim Tal, 4,500 feet). Long. 8-9 mm. Head: front broad, narrowing towards vertex, grey dusted, nearly wholly occupied above antenne by a broad black band with ill-defined edges; filling the whole vertex, and resolving itself into a shining black callosity above antenna. Under side of face grey dusted, with a black central line, slightly prominent ; mouth-border and proboscis tawny ; antenne tawny. Tnorax shining black with minute grey pubescence; humeri aud a vertical short stripe just before base of wing, pale; scutel- lum shining black, immediately above the pronotum, giving the appearance of two scutelli, oe above the other. Abdomen brown, Ist segment wholly pale yellow ; extreme tip of 2nd, base of 3rd and 4th, and two very small spots on the sides at the base of 5th, pale yellow-brown. Legs pale yellow, a brown ring at tip of hind femora; hind tibie brown, except base and tips ; hind tarsi darker. Wings clear: iridescent, a dark brown oblong spot forming a stig- ma, anita 2) dark spot at tip of subcostal cell, also at tip of wing , the discal cross-vein, aud a streak from just below the medias- tinal vein down to and enclosing the lower cross-vein blackish. Described from one @ taken by Dr. Annandale (22—27-1x-06) at Bhim Tal, Kumaon, now in the Indian Museum collection. Some specimens taken by me at Kobe in Japan, 15-v-06, which I con- sider to be the same species, differ onlv in the ist abdominal seg- ment being all black instead of vellow. I also, took, at Darjiling and Lucknow respectively a specimen each of what may be two additional new species. Of B. dispar, Wik., a ? named by Bigot is in the Indian Museum collection—-this being ‘the only other Oriental species Ihave seen, Van der Wulp added in 1898 (Termés. Fiizet., xxi, 423) two species from Papua new to his list ; these were rubella and mundula. 52 E. Brunerr1: Notes on Oriental Syrphidee. [Vou. II, PARAGUS, Latr. P, tuteus, mihi, sp.’nov. > (Pla, fie. 7.) ©... Persia: (Bushire); . Long. 5:anm. Head pale yellowish white, vertex black, with a thin stripe (slightly enlarged in the middle) leading to a large black roughly- square shining spot above antenne. Antenne brown, base paler. Frons gradually narrowed towards vertex. Thorax wholly shining aénous, a whitish hairy stripe, com- mencing in front of the insertion of the wings, and reaching down- wards ; scutellum yellow, base black. Abdomen yellow, basal segment black, and a thin black line almost (but not absolutely) on the border of 2nd segment, a similar line just below centre of 3rd segment, and a black mark on each side at the edge of the 4th segment. Legs all vellow, a brown ring towards tip of hind femora. Wings absolutely clear, no stigma. Described from the above type in the Indian Museum collection, P. serratus, F. A common species variable both in size, and coloration of the abdomen. ‘The species is the only one with serrated scutellum, and the specimens in the Indian Museum collection, added to those of my own collecting, show a distribution from Calcutta to Nepal and reaching as far west as Karachi and as far south as Bangalore. PIPIZELLA, Rond. P, indica, mihi, sp. nov. x7 @. Lower Himalayas (Simla and Nepal). Long. 5 mm. Head yellow; vertex, eyes, mouth and proboscis black. A black central line on the frons in the @ , which slightly narrows on the vertex ; just below the antennee it is hardly one-third the width of the head. Thorax smooth, shining black, with a little gold-brown hair on the posterior half, and a little white hair on the lower anterior portion of the sides. Abdomen shining black, minutely pubescent, especially on last segment, and distinctly so along the sides of all the segments. Legs tawny yellow, basal half of the four anterior, and basal three-fourths of the hind femora black ; tibize vellowish white to- wards the base. Wings clear, stigma very pale yellow : halteres yellow. Described from a @ and two 2 2 in the Indian Museum col- lection from the Simla district and from Katmandu in Nepal. ‘The genus has not previously been recorded from the East. This species does not agree with any European one known to me, 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 53 but there are two of which I have not been able to obtain descrip- tions, vtz., P. curvinervis, Str., and P. sculpeonata, Rond. P. rufocincta, mihi, sp. nov. o. Burma (type) and India. Long. 6 mm. Face yellowish white with a narrow black line below antenne, which are blackish brown; mouth and proboscis black; vertex shining black, narrowing rather suddenly to the eyes, which are contiguous for only a very short distance. Thorax black, shining, with a slight aénous tinge ; a few white hairs on the sides, in front of insertion of wings; dorsum with short greyish hair; scutellum unicolorous with grey hair. Abdomen shining black, with very short pale pubescence, the whole 3rd segment reddish test aceous, and, in the type-specimen, extreme tip of abdomen reddish. Legs yellowish white; coxe, a narrow ring at base of four anterior femora, and the basal two-thirds of hind femora black. Wings quite clear. Described from two ~ ~” taken by me at Rangoon, 23-11-04 to 3-1-05 (type), and from one ~ taken by me at U mballa (N.-W. India; altitude goo feet), 8—-13-v-05. In my collection. Most species of Pipizella have unmarked abdomens, but this species is certainly of this genus, and apparently widely distributed. MELANOSTOMA, Sch. Dr. Annandale took specimens of M. ambiguum, Fin., and M: dubium, Zett., at Matiana (8,000 feet ; Simla district), both species being European ones and unrecorded previously from the East. PLAT YCHIRUS, St. Farg. Four males of P. albimanus, F., are in the Indian Museum col- lection from the Simla hills (8,000 feet); taken by Dr. Annandale between 27- iv-o7 and 3-v-07. ‘These differ in no way from Euro- pean specimens. SPHEROPHORIA, St. Farg. The Oriental species in this genus will require careful revision and comparison with European forms, allied to which the Indian Museum possesses several species ; I have ea fair amount of mater- ial of my own collecting, showing considerable variation of forms, from India, the Himalayas and South China. Herr Kertesz, in the Termes. Fuzet. (1899), xxii, 177 and 178, describes two species from Papua new to Van der Wulp’s list ; distinctus and nove-guinee. ‘ 54 KB. BRUNETTI: Notes on Onental Syrphide. [Vou IT, DIDEOIDES, mihi, gen. nov. Allied to Didea, Macq., from which it is separated by two characters, viz., (1) distinctly and closely pubescent eyes, and (2) by the 3rd longitudinal vein (cubital, Verrall) being nearly straight, as in Svrphus, and not dipped, FEristalis-like, into the cell below. In all other respects it resembles Didea, Macq., having a bare arista and the large flat ovate abdomen in-both sexes much wider than the thorax, and hearing the distinct, ridged margin as in that genus. D. ovata, mihi, sp. nov. v9; Sikkim. Long. 12—16-min: Head, » : face moderately produced above the. mouth and just below the antennee; in depth descending only a little below the eves. Face and frons bright yellow, with moderately thick yellow hair, which above the antenne is replaced by black hairs. Eyes touching for half the distance from the top of the frons to the triangular elongated vertex, which is black with black hairs and prominent reddish ocelli. Eyes with close grey pwbescence. Antenne reddish brown, situated on a tawny (darker on upper side) protuberance; 3rd joint of antenne darker on upper side, arista orange, bare. Mouth and proboscis black, latter with some erey hair at tip. Back of head greenish grey; posterior orbit of eyes with a thick fringe of short bright yellow hair, of equal length all round. In the ? the frons bears a broad greenish black stripe from the vertex down to and enclosing the upper part of the antennal pro- tuberance, the black hairs being thicker than in the ~. The antennze are nearly all black except the under side of the first two joints, and the under side of the 3rd at the base; the arista is more brownish than in the ~, the pubescence of the eyes almost yellowish, especially on the lower pa1t ; but the rest of the characters are as in the other sex. Thorax; dorsum dull greenish aénous with three central, uarrow, well-separated, not very distinct brownish lines reaching from the anterior nearly to the posterior margin. Sides concolorous, rather darker behind; with a broad yellow vertical stripe just in front of the wing, descending to and terminating on, the meta- pleure, this stripe bearing a rather thick fringe of bright yellow hair. In the @ all the pleure are dull greenish yellow, and the hair is rather more abundant. ‘The dorsum is covered with soft short yellow hair, which around the wing-insertion is bright orange. Seutellum rather dull orange-yellow, covered with soft black hairs ; an orange elongated callosity on each side in front with bright orange-brown hair, forming posterior corners to the dorsal surface of the thorax, Metanotum black, 1908, Records of the Indian Museum. = 9 Sp) Abdomen black, with an unbroken, deep brown raised edge around the entire dorsal surface, closely beset with very short bristles : Ist segment greenish black, sub-metallic, very short ; 2nd segment aénous at base, with two orange elongated spots, placed transversely, forming a band, interrupted in the centre ; this band being enlarged at the ends (foreshortened in front) in the o , and contracted at the ends and barely attaining the ridged edges of the segment in the 9. A bunch of yellow hairs on the shoulders of this segment in both sexes. Fi Dideoides ovata, mihi, sp. nov., 2. Dideoides ovata, mihi, sp. nov., ¢. The 3rd segment bears a transverse orange band across the centre, the anterior edge being slightly convex forward, the posterior edge forming two straight lines narrowing the band in its centre and leaving the remainder of the segment as a flattened black triangle, the extreme posterior edge being sub-metallic dark brown with a fringe of very short black hairs. ‘The sides of this orange cross-band are parallel with the sides of the abdomen, to the ridges of which they extend. On the 4th segment is a similar, but rather narrower and slightly more arched band, with a second orange band (as a_ flattened triangle, sub-metallic posteriorly) on the posterior part of the segment, the extreme edge of which is sub-metallic brassy, with a fringe of longish yellowish hair. The @ shows no trace of the sub-metallic tinge. The 5th segment is orange, with black at the base in some specimens of ~ @ ; yellow haired. The whole abdomen bears yellow hairs on the yellowish parts (longest towards the tip), and shorter, black hairs on the black parts. Genitals: in the o rather prominent, orange, with some short black hairs ; in the @ small, elongated, dark coloured. Belly in the @ black with narrow vellowish bands at the junc- ture of the segments, widest on the posterior border of the 2nd. In the ¢ black, with two semi-circular large yellow spots at the base of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th segments; the posterior border of the Ist, widely, of the 3rd, narrowly, and of the 2nd, very narrowly (with enlargements at the corners) yellow. Belly nearly bare, a little short yellow sparse hair. Legs : coxee and base of femora black with some short black hair; remainder of legs entirely orange-yellow, the upper sides 56 E. BrunEtt1: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vou. IT, of the tarsi being a little browner. The anterior femora bear a little pale hair on their under side, but the black hairs on the hind pair extend almost to the tip below, the upper apical part being bare. All the tibiz bear very short golden yellow pubescence the hind pair having a row of short black bristles on the outer side. Wings paie yellowish grey, slightly tawny on the basal and anterior parts. Halteres orange. ‘Tegule bright orange-vellow with concolorous fringe. Described from four ~~ and two @ @ (one, a melanic @ des- cribed below) all from Sikkim and in the Indian Museum collection in good condition. One specimen (a melanic @ ) has the antennz almost entirely black (another characteristic of Didea), the abdomen black with a dark blue sub-metallic reflection, beset with short black hairs, the only marks being a transverse band across the centre of the 2nd segment, composed of two narrow straight oblong spots, extending to the distinct ridged edge which runs round the entire abdomen ; some yellow hair on the 2nd segment. Belly black, but with the two pale yellow spots at the base of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th segment exactly resembling those in the typical’ form; posterior edge of segments narrowly vellow, showing a tendency to spread at the sides on the 2nd segment. N.B.—I had some hesitation before deciding to establish a new genus for the reception of this well-marked species, but probably if I had not done so, some other author would. It appears to be intermediate between Didea and Syrphus, having the broad ovate and ridged abdomen of the former genus, but differing in the straight 3rd longitudinal vein and pubescent eyes. The pubescence of the eyes, and the dip of the 3rd longitudinal vein are neither of them conclusive characters, and as Syrphus contains species some with bare and others with hairy eyes, and also species with straight and dipped cubital veins, I think Didea might well do the same, and I would have kept the species in that genus, except for the reason given above. ERIOZONA. E. ruficauda, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. xi, fig. 2.) 9. . sikkim. Jong. 13 mm. Face prominent, bright yellow, shining, with minute yellow pubescence, smooth; cheeks and lower part of face black with very inconspicuous black hairs. Front above antenne to vertex blackish with black hairs, with a pale irregularly-shaped yellow spot immediately over the antennae, which are black. Eyes pubescent, wide apart, frontal space gradually widening from vertex to cheeks. Thorax quadrate, blackish above, sides dark brown with brown- ish yellow hairs, hair on dorsum less thick ; scutellum brown with yellowish hairs, 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 57 Abdomen with thick black hair on basal half, 4th and 5th seg- ments with thick orange-red hair, and with a small dark triangle in the middle of the posterior border of each; the 2nd segment has traces of a lighter basal band, somewhat resembling that of Leuco- zona lucorum. Belly pubescent, basal half black, apical half red. Legs tawny, basal half of all femora blackish, Wings pale grey, a broad brown band in the middle, nar- rowing posteriorly from foreborder up to just across the base of the discal cell; base of wing brown. Described from three ° @ from Sikkim in the Indian Museum collection. N.B.—This genus has only recently been known from the East. In 1go0r Herr Kertesz described a species, analis, which also came from Sikkim (Termés. Fiizet., xxiv, 414). SYRPHUS, F. This genus I dare not touch upon at present in view of the large number of supposed species described from Oriental regions, and their close affinities. I have seen several species from the hills that are common in Europe, the specimens showing generally little or no difference ; amongst them are baltcatus, DeGeer ; torvus, Os. Sac. ; pyrastri, 1.5 lumger, Mg.; and umbellatarum, F.: all taken by Dr. Annandale in the Simla district, and all, except ba/teatus, are new to the Oriental fauna. RHINGIA, Scop. Until quite recently (1904) this genus appears to have been unrecorded from the East, but in that year Meijere described a new species, cincta, from Java, whilst I have taken a new species occur- ring in Mussoorie and Darjiling, and also a second one, represented by asingle ~ from Darjiling ; moreover the Indian Museum collec- tion supplies a third undescribed species from Darjiling and Simla. Meijere’s species, therefore, is still the only one from a tropical loca- lity. The two common European species, vostrata, I,., and campes- tris, Mg., are both likely to occur in the north of India. The former would be easily recognised from all the other species by its ash-blue- grey thorax (the others being cinereous grey or aénous) ; and the latter can be distinguished from cincta and binotata by its tawny instead of mainly blackish abdomen. Table of Oriental species of Rhingia. Scutellum distinctly bright ferruginous tawny. Abdomen with three or four pale bands. Long. g mm. cincta, Meij. Abdomen black, 2nd segment with two lateral spots .. Long.g mm. binotata, mihi, sp. nov. Scutellum cinereous grey. 58 EK. Brunetti: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vou IT, Posterior border of abdominal segments widely black .. Long. 7-9 mm. laticincta, mihi, sp. nov. Posterior border of abdominal segments very narrowly black. Long. 8 mm. angusticincta, mihi, sp. nov. R. laticincta, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. xi, fig. 7.) #& 2. Mussoorie, Darjiling, 7,000 to 12,000 feet. Long. 7 tog mm. (without snout). Head: snout tawny; lower part of head shining grey; an- tenne tawny ; eyes quite contiguous as far as the vertex ; frons in 2 of about the usual width in the genus, cinereous grey. Thorax cinereous grey, with aénous reflections and soft black- and-grey hair; four blackish longitudinal stripes, not always very distinct, the two outer ones interrupted at the suture, the two inner ones close together on the front, diverging widely posteriorly, where they become diffused and meet the ends of the outer pair just in front of the scutellum. Scutellum unicolorous, similarly haired, a row of stiff black hairs on posterior edge, from which a fringe of soft pale yellow hair hangs down. Abdomen bright tawny, with soft vellow hair, thickest at the base on the sides; Ist segment very narrowly black edged, 2nd, 3rd and 4th with a broad black band on posterior border, interrupted in the centre in front, but continuous on the extreme edge of segment ; a vertical long black spot on the dorsum of each segment forms a sort of longitudinal dorsal stripe. Belly tawny brown. Legs all pale tawny, all the femora black at the base, and an indistinct blackish wide ring around the centre of the hind tibiee ; feet darker. Inthe ¢@ the femora are nearly all pale and the ring on the hind tibize is less distinct. Wings pale grey, stigma yellowish. Described from a @ (Darjiling) and ¢? (Mussoorie) in the Indian Museum collection (types), anda o and @ in my own collection. Wat. tascidta,.a @. (Pl..2d, fe. 6.) What I take to be a variety of laticincta differs by the abdominal bands being reduced to semi-circular spots placed on the posterior borders of the segments and joined by a very narrow line on the extreme edge. The legs in the o are paler, and show only very slight traces of black at the base of the femora; in the 9 they are wholly pale, almost livid, with only the faintest indication of a dark band on the hind tibtee. Another point of difference is that the pubescence on the thorax is much shorter, and almost absent on the posterior part, and the scutellum is practically bare, except for some long hairs towards the tip. I have four specimens (7 ~ 9 9) taken by myself at Darjiling (7,000 feet), I0-15-x-05, and am not at all sure that it is not spe- cifically distinct, for which reason I have given it a name. In my collection. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 59 R. angusticincta, mihi, sp. nov. 7 @. Darjiling and Simla, 8,000 to 12,000 feet.- Long. 8 mm. (without snout). This species resembles /atzcancta ; the points of difference being as follows: the snout is distinctly shorter; the abdominal trans- verse bands are extremely narrow, and not interrupted, this being the main, but a consistent, difference. Described from a ~ and @? taken by Dr. Annandale at Simla and Theog (Simia district) respectively. The Indian Museum pos- sesses these types, also what is apparently an additional ~ from Darjiling (9,000 to 12,000 feet), 2-x-06, but in this specimen the thorax is darker, and all the tibiz have a distinct broad black ring. R. binotata, mihi, sp. nov. @. Darjiling. Long. 9 mm. Head: {rons and upper part of snout deep black ; lower part of both face and snout tawny yellow. Antenne brownish red. Vertex very small, with a few black hairs ; short yellow hairs behind the head above, and rather close whitish hair on lower part; pro- boscis black. Thorax yellowish grey, with four rather indistinct dorsal, slightly darker stripes; the two outer ones wide, and interrupted at the suture ; the two inner ones very narrow and close together. The dorsum with rather thick, short bright yellow hair; sides of thorax cinereous grey, darker posteriorly, some yellow hair just below wings; scutellum bright tawny, dorsum bare, a fringe of short yellow hairs at base, and a fringe dependent trom posterior margin, on which margin is set another fringe of long yellow hairs, projected posteriorly, by which character this species differs from all the others. Abdomen aénous black, covered with thick, short, bright yellow hair ; the Ist segment appears pale, and on the 2nd on each side, towards the base, is a lateral, oval, pale yellow spot. Legs orange-yellow, basal half of all femora black ; the femora with soft yellow hair, the rest of the legs practically bare. Wings yellowish grey, slightly darker in front; stigma pale yellowish brown ; halteres yellowish brown. Described from one o in perfect condition, captured by me at Darjiling, 13-x-05. In my collection. The three species, herein described as new, are quite distinct and good species, and quite different from the two European species, rostrata and campestris, and from Herr Meijere’s species crncta from Java. VOLUCELLA, Geoff. To this handsome genus I introduce four new species, whilst Meijere has added one from Darjiling to the five in Van der Wulp’s 60 E. Brunei: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [VOL. ii, catalogue. The following table is made up partly from descrip- tions, as, beyond my own species, the only one before me is a headless specimen of what I have identified as nubeculosa, Big. (see pl. xi, figs. 9, £0). Table of Oriental species of Volucella. Quite small species .. Long.7mm, opalina, Wied. Larger species. Long. 13 to 16 mm. Non-pubescent (not Bombus-like) species. Thorax and abdomen only slightly and shortly hairy. Abdomen yellow, with two spots and tip black .. Long. 13mm. tvifasciata, Wied. Abdomen black ; marked or not. Thorax bright tawny. Abdomen with two narrow pale cross-bands; wing suffused in centre and at tip Long. 16 mm. nubeculosa, Big. Abdomen entirely black ; wings pale brown, un- marked.. Long. 16mm. discolor, mihi, sp. nov. Thorax black. Abdomen with only one transverse narrow basal pale spot. Long. 16 mm. basalts, mihi, sp. nov. Abdomen with more than a single spot. Abdomen marks in the form of spots. Long. 13 min. feleterit, Macq. Abdominal marks in the form of three yellow bands. Long. 14mm. decorata, Wik. Pubescent (Bombus-like) species. Thorax and abdomen with long thick hair. Tip of abdomen black haired. Long. 17 mm. wrsina, Mei. Tip of abdomen yellow or red. Belly uniformly black. Long. 14-15 mm. ruficauda, mihi, sp. nov. Belly with 2nd and 3rd segments livid. Long. 15-16 mm. lvidiveniris, mihi, sp. nov. The above species all appear quite well separated. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 61 V. basalis, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. xi, figs. 11, 12.) @. Sikkim district (Mungphu). Long. 16 mm. Head entirely bright orange, frons narrows towards vertex, which is black ; mouth-border brown ; proboscis and extreme lower part of cheeks black ; eyes bare. The face is considerably produced into a large snout, which is cut away just below the antenne ; antennee small, orange. Thorax moderately shining black, bare, sides black ; scutellum very dark brown, almost bare, except for a row of strong bristles near posterior edge. Abdomen black, a little shining, almost bare; the basal half of the 2nd segment occupied by a large transverse livid yellow elongated spot, which is contracted in the middle behind and does not reach the sides of the segment except at the extreme base, where it joins a large livid spot on the same segment of the belly. Legs all black and bare. Wings grey, yellow at base, a yellowish brown suffusion from the centre of the costa reaching half way to the posterior border, and a similar suffusion at the wing-tip extending inwards just beyond the subapical and postical cross-veins. Halteres yellow. Described from one @ in the Indian Museum collection. This species bears a considerable general resemblance to the V. pellncens, l,., of Europe, but in that species the whole of the 2nd segment is livid yellow, the colour passing over the side of the segment in its full width, whereas in basalis it is narrowed to the extreme base of the segment; also in fellucens the sides of the thorax along their upper edge are always brownish yellow, of which there is no trace in my species; moreover, the scutellum in fel- lucens is bright tawny, whereas in basalts it is nearly black. V.. ruficauda, mihi,:sp. nov. (Pl. xi, fig. 13.) 7 @. Sikkim. Long. 14-15 mm. Head black, epistome well produced, shining black ; eyes densely hairy in o, distinctly hairy in ?, but to a much less ex- tent ; vertex crowned by a tuft of long bright yellow hairs ; eyes in ? separated by narrow shining black frons. Antenne ferruginous ; first two joints nearly black. Thorax black with black hair, dorsum covered with dense long bright ferruginous red hair which also covers the bright ferruginous red scutellum. Abdomen black with rather thick black hair ; posterior border of 3rd segment and the whole of the 4th and 5th segments covered with yellowish red hair. Belly entirely black, with black hair. Legs slender, wholly black with short black hair. Wings pale yellowish grey, a rather large brown irregular spot in the centre of the fore border, and reaching half-way across the 62 E. BrunEtTT1: Notes on Onental Syrphide. [VOL. II, wing ; a brown suffusion along the recurrent portions of the sub- apical and postical (4th and 5th longitudinal) veins and extending to the costa about the termination of the marginal cell. Between this suffusion and the outer margin the wing is darker grey, base of wing slightly yellowish. Halteres black. Described from eight 7 ~ and eight @ @ in the Indian Museum collection from Sikkim. V. lividiventris, mihi, sp. nov. a7 @?. Sikkim. Long. 15-16 mm. Very near ruficauda, but distinct. The hair on the thoracic dorsum is distinctly gvev, the tuft of hair.on the vertex is greyish white, while the belly has the 2nd and 3rd segments livid grey with unicolorous hairy. A bunch of grey hair is found on each of the two basal abdominal segments at the sides, and the szdes of the 2nd segment in front have a perceptible subdued livid reflection when seen from behind. Described from three 7 @ anda @ from Sikkim in the Indian Museum collection. V. discolor, mihi, sp. nov. (Id. id., Bigot, nom. nud.) @. Assam. Long. Io mm. Head: eyes not quite contiguous, black, facets small, uniform. Vertex, frons, and entire face bright orange, bare. Face immedi- ately below antennee flush with the eyes, but from thence projecting well forward, forming a large squarish prominence, not reaching downwards much below the eye-level. Antennz on a barely per- ceptible prominence, orange, with orange plumose arista. Back of head and under side orange, a little orange-yellow hair below. Thorax wholly uniformly bright orange, with close short golden yellow hair on dorsum, changing to longer orange hair on the edge, on the posterior part, and on the pleuree. Scutellum pinkish orange, a little yellow hair round the sides. Abdomen: ist segment (hardly visible) dark coloured, remainder wholly shining black, with microscopic black pubescence. On each extreme anterior corner is a small bunch of rather short yellow hairs. Belly black, unmarked. Legs wholly bright orange, with short golden yellow hair, which is a lttle longer on the coxe. ‘The tarsi very narrowly black between the joints. Wings uniformly pale brown,. outer half towards the anterior margin a little darker. Halteres bright orange. Described from one perfect ~ from Sibsagar in the Indian Museum collection, 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 63 GRAPTOMYZA, Wied. Van der Wulp’s reference in his catalogue is incorrect, as the genus was described ten years previously in Wiedemann’s Nova Dipterorum (1820), and redescribed in his Auss. Zweifl., 11 (1830). Since that catalogue, no new Oriental species have been des- cribed. Osten Sacken treats of the genus in the Berl. Ent. Zeits., XXvi, I17, where he gives a table of species. G. longirostris, Wied. Var. nov. 12-notata, mihi. (Graptomyza 12-notata, Bigot, nom. nud.) A specimen in the Indian Museum collection seems to be but a variety of longirostris, Wied., although presumably the type of Bigot’s species 12-nolata (nom. nud.). It, however, agrees quite well with both Wiedemann’s description and his three figures, except that the longitudinal stripes are interrupted at the juncture of the segments, thus being divided into tweive separate elongated spots placed in four longitudinal rows, the “ stripes ”’ Graptomyza longirostris, Wied. Graptomyza longtrostris , Wied, var. 12-notata, Big., nom. nud. being simply broader. On the strength of this close resemblance I can oniv admit if provisionally as a variety. A second speci- men in the collection (from ‘lenasserim) agrees more closely still with Wiedemann’s figure of the abdomen, the black longitudinal stripes being narrower, and continuous. Bigot’s second species “‘ 6-notata”’ must be near ventralis, Wied. : according to Osten Sacken’s table, from which it would be separated by the six well-defined sub-triangular spots on the abdo- men. which is bordered on each side by a rather wide dark brown line. G. sexnotata, mili, sp. nov. (Id. id., Bigot, nom. nud.) 9... Sikkim. Long: 7$ mm. Head: frons, vertex, face, entirely yellow, eyes blackish brown, with very short greyish pubescence ; frontal space less than one-third the width of the head. Antenne, entirely uniformly dark yellow, with plumose orange arista. A dark brown square spot on frons above the antenne is continued as a stripe below to the 64 E. Brunetti: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vou. II, end of the rostrum; a broad brown stripe on each side of the rostrum. Proboscis brown ; palpi, pale yellow. Back of head and below yellow, centre part apparently black. Thorax orange-yellow, the dorsum occupied by a_ shining black quadrate spot, which leaves only a yellow anterior margin, wider lateral margins and a squarish spot in front of the scutellum. A rather wide dark brown vertical stripe extends from between the fore and middle coxe, to the lateral yellow edge of the dorsum, thence curving backwards to just above and behind the root of the wing ; a shorter similar stripe is immediately below the wing- insertion, with a roundish brown spot behind it. Dorsum nearly bare, a few yellow hairs on pleure ; scutellum yellow, dorsum dark brown, indented ; some yellow hairs round the margin. Graptom)za 6-notata, mihi, sp. nov.,9 . Abdomen orange yellow, with a rather thick moderately broad lateral dark brown margin, narrowing posteriorly and dis- appearing at tip. On the hind border of the 2nd segment two moderately large, dark brown triangular spots ; reproduced on the 3rd segment, but a little larger, and with rounded angles; and again on the 4th segment, more triangular and of the same size as those on the 2nd segment, but placed quite clear of the hind border. Dorsum of abdomen practically bare, but with some short vellow hairs towards the tip. Legs yellow, fore coxee with short pale yellow hairs; femora with a brown streak below ; tibiz pale yellowish brown, the hind leg (one leg missing) showing the brown almost as a wide band; tarsi, yellowish, brownish on upper side. Legs with short yellow hair, a little thicker on the tibie. Wings clear yellowish grey, tip of subcostal cell tawny brown, forming a not very well-defined stigma at the tip of the mediastinal vein. Halteres orange-yellow. Described from one @ in fair condition in the Indian Museum collection from Sikkim. HELOPHILUS, Meig. In dealing with this genus, the short descriptions of the species, many of which are very closely allied, have materially hindered satisfactory progress. ‘The following table is made up mainly from descriptions, My material in the genus has been three species in the Indian Museum collection determined by myself ,—bhengalensts 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 65 W., quadrivittatus, W., and insignis, Dol.; plates of curvigaster, Mcq., notabilis, Mcq., insignis, Dol., and pilipes, Dol.; two new species in the Indian Museum collection which I have named aénus and tuberculatus, both very distinct from all others, and descriptions only of the remainder. I think the table may assist as an introduction to the better study of this genus, but I find great difficulty in understanding the true affinities of Walker’s species. Table of Orvental species of Helophilus. A Face perpendicular, not produced as usual, nor excavated below antenne, nor gibbous above mouth. Hind tibice incrassated S. longirmim. celebes, Os. AA Face distinctly and normally produced (exceptionally so in wmotabilis, Mcq.). Hind tibize not incrassated. B Thorax with transverse bands of pubes- cence .. Long. 8 mm. curvigaster, Macq. BB Thorax with ground colour longitudinal black and yellow stripes. C Body aénous Long. 10 mm. aénus, mihi, sp. nov. CC Body yellow and black, not aénous. D Abdomen very elongated. E Middle legs not denticulated. Long. 22 mm. caudatus, Meij. 1) EE Middle legs strongly denticulated. Tong. 17-25 mm. tuberculatus, mihi, sp. nov. DD Abdomen of the ordinary oval or ovate shape. F Anterior femora and tibiz with dense yellow hair .. Long. 12 mm. pilipes, Dol. FF Anterior femora and tibie moderately and normally haired. G Length 14 to 16 mm. H Abdomen with two luteous bands. J Shining blue above antenu. Long. 16 mm. doleschalli, mihs. (Change of name from insignis, Dol.) JJ Blackish brown above antenne. Long. 15 mm. vestitus, W. HH Abdomen with three luteous bands. I, Side stripe on thorax yellow. Long. 16 mm. 7signis, WI1k. LL No side stripe (presumably). Long. 14 mm. notabilis, Macq. OO Length 9 to ri mm. (in mesoleucus 13). M_ Sides of thorax with broad oblique yellow stripe. N Legs mainly luteous, ‘“‘ shaded with black,” wings green .. Long. 10mm, conclusus, Wik. NN Legs mainly black, base of tibie pale, wings not green Long. to-11 mm. alhiceps, Wuip. c 66 B. Brunertt: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vou. TI, MM_ Sides of thorax cinereous or grey ; without vellow stripe. O Length 13 mm. .. Long. 13 mm. mesoleucus, Wik. OO Length 9g to 10 mm. P Posterior femora incrassated. ong. 10 nun. consors, WIK. PP Posterior femora only ordinarily thickened. Q 4th abdominal segment with an inverted V-mark Long. g-1o mm. bengalensis, Wied. QO 4th abdominal segment without such mark Long. 9-10 min. guadrivittalus , Wied Hi aenus, mili,sp: nov. (Pl, -211 me.15,) @. Nepal (Soondrijal). Long. ro mm. Head black, face moderately produced, very shining and bare above antenna, but changing to dull velvet black on vertex with black hair, frontal space narrowing above, ocelli very close to- gether. Face below antenna, dull black, with, seen from above, silvery grey hair ; a central shining bare black line. Antenne dark hrown. Back of eyes with a thin silvery white line, with unt- colorous hair. Thoracic dorsum, ash-blue-grey, with two transverse black bands; one across the centre, and one on the posterior border. Anterior part of thorax cinereous, with two faint, narrow darker bands in centre, which disappear on reaching the Ist transverse black band ; whole dorsum covered with short bright yellow hair. Sides of thorax light cinereous grey, with some yellow hair. Scutellum blue ash-grey, basal half black ; entirely covered with bright yellow hair. Abdomen aénous, Ist segment paler; 2nd with a rather broad dead black velvet line on base, joined by a stem to a similar band on the posterior border, which, however, is curved upward a little in the middle, clear of the posterior border ; 3rd segment with a central round spot joined to two moderately broad lines which pro- ceed obliquely almost to the posterior corners ; 4th segment with a nearly similar pattern, the oblique lines joining one another in the centre—without being enlarged into a dorsal spot. All these ab- dominal marks dull velvet black. The whole upper surface of the abdomen with rather close, short vellow hair. Belly black. Legs : femora black, hind pair more shining, all with yellow hair below ; tibiae and tarsi tawny yellow, with some yellow hair ; hind pair with apical half black. Wings pale grey, costal cell absolutely clear, stigma brown, small, veins brownish ; halteres and tegule pale yellow. Described from one ? in the Indian Museum collection (Octo- per )) It reminds one very much of the European species Lyistalts sepulchralis, 1,., and, more so, of the North American species dim- diata, Wied., and saxorum, Wied., but is distinctly smaller. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 67 H. tuberculatus, mihi, sp. nov. (PI. xii, figs. 16, 17.) 7 2. Calcutta. Long. 19-25 mm. Head: epistome normally produced. Front black, shining just above antenne, dull in the @ from thence to vertex. Eyes contiguous ( ? ) at base of supra-antennal triangle, diverging gently to the vertex. Front in ¢ moderately wide, narrower above ; face below antennee blackish or reddish, with grey or yellow hair, antennee ferruginous brown to black; 3rd joint sometimes quite greyish ; first two joints with a few black hairs. Front, vertex, and back of head with short, stiff, all-black hair. Thorax rather elongated, yellowish, with three broad black long stripes of equal width (third abbreviated behind) placed close together, so that the yellow intermediate space is very narrow ; dorsum covered with short yellow hair. Humeral calli brown, with yellowish hair; posterior calli oval, distinct, shining. Sides of thorax blackish grey with mixed tufts of brown, white and vellow hair; scutellum yellow with yellow hair. Abdomen quite elongated, resembling that of a Milesta ; in the o the Ist segment very short, yellow; 2nd tawny, with a thin basal black line produced downwards across the disc to a rather wide, very indistinct blackish band towards posterior border ; 3rd segment, basal half tawny, apical half brown; 4th segment similar, but only basal fourth yellowish ; 5th segment uniformly rich brown. Inthe ¢ the transverse bands across the hind parts of the segments are black instead of brown. In the o~ the first three segments are covered with soft vellow hair, much thicker on 2nd segment ; this hair appears to be sparser im the 9c: Legs all black, knees of four anterior legs tawny; all the femora much thickened in the 7, but only the posterior party moder- ately so in the 9. In the ~, the hind femora bear a distinct tooth in the centre of the under side, and an erect fringe of bright yellow hair on upper side for three-fourths of the length from the base, the remaining fourth bearing black hair. The middle femora bear a transverse ridge below near the tip, followed by a small blunt tooth ; the middle tibiae are suddenly incrassated before the middle, and bear two pairs of blunt teeth at the hase. All the legs with short black pubescence, longest on femora and posterior tibiz. Wings brownish grey ; apical half, anteriorly, darker. Described from two ~ ~ and three ¢ 2 from Calcutta in the Indian Museum. A remarkable species, and one which, from the elongated, almost cylindrical abdomen, and denticulated middle legs inthe @, will no doubt require the erection of a new genus for its reception. I, however, refrain from doing this prematurely ; in all other respects it agrees with Helophilus. Moreover, it must be closely allied to a recently described species by Metjere, from the Aru Islands (Hf. caudatus), from which, however, the denticutation of the middle tibize at once distinguishes it 68 FE. Brunertt: Notes on Ortental Syrphide. [Vov. II, H. celeber, O. S. H. curvigaster, Macq. H. aenus, mihi, sp. nov. These three are quite distinct from: all the cther species, and may be instantly recognised respectively by the perpendicular face and incrassated hind tibiz in celeber; the transverse bands of pubescence on the thoracic dorsum in curvigaster ; and the wholly aénous and Fyistalis-like appearance of my new species. e H. caudatus, Mei. H. tuberculatus, mihi, sp. nov. These two species stand out from all others by their elongated abdomens, my new species being easily differentiated from Meijere’s by the presence of the strong denticulation of the middle tibiz, a feature which he does not mention as being present in his specimen ; the latter was a @, the middle legs of which were, moreover, not missing, as he describes their coloration. H. pilipes, Dol. The author figures his species, and distinctly shows the thick pubescence of the first pair of femora and tibie, the middle pair being nearly bare; so that the specimen in the Indian Museum collec- tion named “ pilipes, Dol.,” by Bigot is erroneously identified. This specimen (@) I have figured in pl. xii, figs. 18, 19, 20, a lateral view being given, because the specimen is partly curled up, and also to show the formation of the anal segments. The anterior and middle legs are also shown, the hind pair being missing. It approximates to isignis, Dol., but the hairy middle legs separate it; I therefore figure it, so that perhaps some other dipterologist may recognise it. In the Indian Museum collection are a o and @ approaching pilipes, Dol., but they have clear wings and no yellow haty on anterior legs. This species (a o from Calcutta) I also figure in pl. xii, figs. rr and 12. Doleschall distinctly says his pilipes is near the pendulus, Meig., of Europe, but smaller. H, vestitus, Wied. H. doleschalli, mihi (nom. nov. for in- signis, Dol.). (Pl. xii, figs. 7, 8, 9.) H. notabilis, Mcq. H. insignis, WIk. The specific name insignis was employed by Walker and Doleschall for two different species, both in the same year (1857). I venture to change Doleschall’s specific name to doleschalli and 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 69 let Walkers name stand, because the introduction (by Mr. W. W. Saunders) to Walker’s paper in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London is dated Jan. 14th, 1856, whereas Doleschall’s paper is dated March 16th, 1857. I have, however, no means of deciding which was published first, both appearing in 1857. H. doleschalli extends from Calcutta to Assam. H. conclusus, Wk. H. albiceps, Wulp. These two species stand out from the remainder by the broad oblique vellow stripe on the side of the thorax, which is absent in the other four, and the recorded green wings of conclusus should easily identify it. H. mesoleucus, Wk. H. consors, WIk. H. bengalensis, Wied. (PI. xii, figs. 4, 5, 6.) H. quadrivittatus, Wied. (PI. xii, figs. 1, 2, 3.) These four species must be closely allied, but a comparison of specimens of the two latter species (which are not uncommon in Calcutta, and are identified by me from Wiedemann’s Auss. Zweifl.) with Walker’s types of the other two species, may allow me to speak definitely later on.' Walker says of mesoleucus, ‘‘ hind femora thick,” and of consors, ‘‘ hind femora incrassated, hind tibiz curved.’ The femora are always thickened in this genus, and in most cases the hind tibiz are curved also, although, of course, a case of very distinct incrassation would clearly define a species. As regards H. bengalensits, Wied., and quadrivittatus, Wied., they are both good and distinct species although extremely closely allied. Of the latter species Wiedemann saw only a single o and expressed doubts as to its being distinct from the former one. His distinctions as to the whiteness of the face and the colora- tion of the legs I do not find reliable, but the differences of markings on the 4th abdominal segment are quite consistent in both species. In bengalensis the 4th segment has a mark which varies greatly in colour,—yellow, red, brown, and deep black,—but it is always present, is clearly cut, and in the form of an inverted V (or, some- times, that of a bow) stretched out right across the segment. In guadrivittatus this mark is absent, the segment being black with whitish dust at each side, the ground colour showing roughly in the form of a triangle with its apex on the base of the seg- ment. Both species are moderately common in Calcutta and I have examined a good many of both sexes of each, including a long series of quadrivittatus from Bangalore, South India, in the | Specimens determined by me as H. bengalensis, Wied., have been confirmed as such by Herr. Handlirsch of the Vienna Museum after comparison with the type, 70 E. Brunetti: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vor IT, Indian Museum collection, and a good series of bengalensis taken in Calcutta. ' In pl. xii is a figure (fig. 10) of what I at first thought might be a different species, but now consider only a variety of bengalensis. Several specimens from various parts of India and Assam are present in the collection. In addition to the described species enumerated herein, there is a @ specimen (wings missing) in the Indian Museum collection taken on the Second Yarkand Expedition and apparently a different species to any known to.me. I therefore figure it in pl. xii, figs. 13 and 14, showing the abdomen and the markings of the legs. The black on the middle femora, however, is at the base, and not in the form of a distinct band removed from the base, as it appears in the figure. It may be a variety of some Palearctic species. The last figure (pl. xii, fig. 21) is of a Calcutta specimen, which may be a variety of bengalensis, or may be distinct. ERISTALIS, Latr. I do not propose to deal with this genus in the present paper to any extent, its intricacies being far too extensive, considering the limited amount of material at my disposal. ‘Two species were omitted by accident from Van der Wulp’s Oriental Catalogue ; these are— E. tortuosus, Wlk., 1861, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., v, 266 ;, Tond. E. (Eristalomyia) sapphirina, Big., 1880, Ann. Soc. But...Fr: (Vv), x, 230 5- Papta. uy One non-Oriental species crept into the catalogue by error ; this is FE. senucirculus, Wik., the habitat of which is Honduras. E. ursinus, Big. I propose to change this name to himalayensis, as the species is found at Mussoorie, Sikkim, Darjiling, Simla, and several locali- ties in Nepal. Bigot’s species (of which the type is in the Indian Museum collection) was described by him in the Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (1880) (5), x, 215 from “ Hindustan,’ but the name was preoccupied by Jennicke in 1868 in ‘‘ Neue exot. Dipt.,” 93, for a very different species, from Java. The present is a furry species, belonging to the intyicarius group, and to which Wiedemann’s orventalis also belongs. Of the latter species the Indian Museum possesses a short series of both sexes from Sikkim. N.6.—Amongst some unnamed species of /rzstalis in the Indian Museum collection is a @ from Sikkim closely resembling inétrica- rius, I,., but with the face much more produced, the hair on the major part (apical) of the abdomen bright red, the legs wholly black, and the arista plumose nearly to the tip. The produced lace makes it appear specifically distinct, 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. fess Ey tenax, 1, This nearly cosmopolitan species, including the variety cam- pestris, Mg., appears quite widely distributed in the Palearctic dis- tricts of the east, as it comes from every station in the Himalayan hills. I have taken it mvself at Mussoorie and Darjiling, also from localities further east (Hongkong, Shanghai, and in Japan) ; vet I have seen only a very few specimens from the Indian plains (Bareilly, Meerut) and none at all from any more tropical locality. E. solitus, Wk. My identification of this species is corroborated by Mr. Austen, who has kindly compared specimens with the type in the British Museum. A considerable series in the Indian Museum collection shows specimens from Sikkim, Shillong, Kurseong and Mussoorie, all of which agree well with my own collected examples from Mussoorie, Darjiling, China and Japan, and with others taken by Dr. Annandale at Naini Tal. Walker originally described it from Nepal. MEGASPIS, Macq. This is a good genus, but the roughness on the frons, which distinguishes it, is not always easily visible. A new species closely allied to, yet quite distinct from, errans, F., gave me much trouble but Mr. Austen confirms it as distinct, and Osten Sacken’s note (Ann. Mus. Gen., xvi, 441) about the presence of the metallic spots on the 3rd and 4th abdominal seg- ments, as remarked after comparison by him with the types, con- Megaspis ervans, F. vinced me that I had correctly determined evrans, F., from Wiede- mann’s description in his Auss. Zweifl., although that author did not mention these spots. What hindered my recognition was that a specimen of evvans was in the Indian Museum collection (apart from other undetermined specimens of the species) labelled in Bigot’s handwriting Frist. cognatus, Wied., a species which is evidently of similar appearance but is a true Hristalis, Wiedemann marking off very clearly those of his species of ‘‘ Evistalis ’’ which we now place in Megaspis. The spots vary from shining brassy almost to steel colour and exist in a less degree in my new species. 72 E. Brunerr1: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vor. I, The species sculptatus of V. d. Wulp seems to be separated from crassus, F., only by the absence of the large red-and-black spine on the underside of the hind femora, and the abnormal width of the 2nd abdominal segment, which the author says forms the major part of the abdomen, whereas in the common crassus it is of normal width. Table of Oriental species of Megaspis. - Basal half of wing entirely quite black. B Hind femora bright tawny red, with black tips. Hind femora untoothed below ; 2nd abdominal segment abnormally wide .. .. Long. rrmm. sculptatus, V. Wulp Hind femora with distinct black- and-red tooth below, near tip; 2nd abdominal segment normal. Long. 12-15 mm. crassus, F. BB Hind femora wholly black. Long. 15 mm. chrysopygus, Wied. AA Basal half of wing not black; only normally a little tawny brown. t. Hind femora, basal half tawny, rest blackish brown with soft yellow hair. Thorax almost wholly occupied by an ill-defined blackish square dorsal spot, with a tendency to be divi- ded transversely from each side by a light, very narrow cross-band. Abdomen (more or less ¢tenax-like), with a large black triangular spot on the posterior border of each segment, barely reaching the sides. Wings pale vellow, without distinct suffusion, merely the mediastinal cell tawnvish, also base of wings. Face, seen from above, pinkish tawny (7); greyish with black hair ( @? ) Long.. 10-12 mm. evvans, FE. Femora unicolorous, but varying from light brown to blackish ; hind pair never with tawny basal half and dark apical half. Thorax with a wide, well-defined, quite black uninterrupted trans- verse band, occupying one-third the vertical length of the dorsum. bo | In the accompanying diagram of the thorax of this species the dorsal dark marks are shown much more distinct than they really are; the shape of the markings will, howeyer, clearly distinguish the species, 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum, 73 Abdomen (more or less ¢enax-like) with posterior edges of segments black, sometimes showing a ten- dency in the centre to form 4 dorsal stripe. , Wings practically as in ervans. Face, seen from above, quite white (~), or yellowish grey, with black VETLex- (9), Long. II-15 mm. ¢vansversus, sp. nov.' 3. All femora wholly quite black, hind pair with short, stiff, bristly hair. Thorax blackish, covered with close black hair which on anterior border is reddish vellow. Abdomen not ¢enax-like, somewhat intricarvius-like, though not so pubescent ; 2nd segment with a broad, bright yellow band, cover- ing nearly the whole segment. Wings nearly clear, with a distinct blackish brown suffusion in the middle of the anterior border and in a less degree at the base also. Face grey, with blackish hairs (eres) Md Long. I1-I5 mm. zonalis, F. M. transversus, mihi, sp. nov. ao @. India. Long. 11-14 mm. Head: ground colour of frons and face, blackish with white hair (seen from above) in the ~, and yellowish grey hair with blackish vertex in the @. A _ black frontal stripe more or less visible. Eye-facets small, uniform. Antenne reddish brown, on very short shining brown prominence; 3rd joint blackish. Back of head grey, posterior orbit of eves yellow on vertex with short yellowish hair, greyish at sides and below with snow-white short hair. Under side of face blackish. Mouth and proboscis dark brown. Thorax: dorsum greyish tawny (sometimes greenish yellow in front) with yellowish or greyish hair; crossed transversely by a clear-cut wide black band (ground colour) with close short blackish brown hair; this band occupies rather more than one- third the vertical length of the dorsum and is narrowed at the sides. A patch of tawny red hair on each shoulder. Sides cinereous grey | In the accompanying diagram of the thorax of this species the dorsal dark marks are shown much more distinct than they really are; the shape of the markings will, however, clearly distinguish the species. 74 EK. Brunetti: Notes on Onental Syrphide. [Vot. II, with sparse hair. Scutellum, of the usual great width, black, with close very short black hair, and some pale hairs on the margin. Abdomen tawny, posterior borders of segments with a black band, wider in some specimens than in others, and with a tendency sometimes on the 2nd segment to form a dorsal band. Centre of Ist segment black. At each of the fore corners of the ard and 4th segments is a triangular brassy metallic spot (not strikingly con- spicuous, as the colour is so similar to the ground colour) which is somewhat raised, and does not attain the ridged sides of these segments. Whole dorsum covered with short yellow hair, which is darker on the posterior part of each segment ; a minute row of black hairs on the extreme edge of eachsegment. Belly tawny with some vellow hair, centres and posterior halves of the segments more or less blackish. Megaspis tvansversus, mihi, sp. nov. Legs: coxe blackish grey, hind pair with a little yellow hair ; femora wholly brown, sometimes lighter, sometimes nearly black, but always unicolorous, except that the extreme tip is occasionally lighter, with light golden yellow hair; tibia, rather variable, usually with tawny basal half and lighter or darker brown apical half, with yellowish or whitish hair, which is brown or black on the darker parts ; tarsi dark brown, with yellowish grey hair below, which is sometimes golden brown under hind pair. Wings nearly clear, a little tawny brown suffusion at base, in the mediastinal cell, and near the base of the discal cell. Hal- teres yellow. Described from four ~ ~ and four @? @ in fair condition (sup- plemented by a long series of both sexes in indifferent condition) in the Indian Museum collection from Bangalore and Calcutta. Allied to errans, F., but quite distinct. ‘The sub-metallic raised triangles on the abdominal 3rd and 4th segments are identical with those in evvans, F., but the hind femora are never pale on the basal half and dark on the apical. This character alone, or the thoracic markings, will at once separate the two species. POLYDONTA, Macq. (2) P. orientalis, mihi, sp. nov. (Id. id., Bigot, nem. nud.) e. Orient, lone. 1 aim, Head: eyes touching for a short space only, facets small, uni- form ; vertex small, with some black hair. Antenne on a moderate 1g08. | Records of the Indian Museum. 75 prominence, both blackish, 3rd joint brownish orange, with orange arista. Frons and face with whitish hair, yellowish brown mixed with black above the antenne ; facial callus. of moderate size, shining, bare; proboscis and mouth, brownish black. Back of head dark grey, with a narrow fringe of short greyish yellew hair, which is longer below the head. Thorax blackish, covered with light yellowish grey pubescence which also occurs in front of the wing-insertion, on the cinereous grey sides of the thorax. Scutellum tawny, with rather long yellowish grey erect pubescence. Abdomen light chestnut-brown ; Ist segment and base of 2nd in middle, blackish ; 2nd segment, towards the posterior border, 3rd and 4th segments, both at base and towards posterior borders, ‘with broad black transverse bands, slightly elevated ; extreme edges of segments pale. Whole abdomen lightlv clothed with pale yellow hair, which is much longer and Hicker on the yellowish belly, on which some traces of black transverse bands can be seen. ‘The abdomen consists of only the four distinct segments as described ; unless a fifth segment can be recognised in a bare brown curved plate twisted to the /eft side of the large genital process, which is shining brown, bare, biglobular; the lower globe bearing on its under side some further small appendages. Legs: coxee dark brown, with pale yellow hair; trochanters much lengthened, brown, with some black marks and yellow hairs ; anterior feng blackish, except pale tips, with soft yellow hair ; hind pair enormously enlarged, blackish on upper side, and on apical half below, with a broad black ring round the middle, most distinct on the outer side ; on the lower side (apical half) is a collection of short black spines, whilst soft yellow hair occurs rather thickly on the upper side, and on the basal half below ; scat- tered long yellow hairs occurring over the whole femur more or less. The basal half of the femur below is considerably cut away, the vacancy being replaced by a prominent, tawny vellow tooth, closely covered with long vellow hair. Tibie. brown, lighter at base, with yellow short pubescence; hind pair shining chesnut- brown, much curved, almost bare, and terminating in a point in- wards. ‘Tarsi dark brown, the metatarsus thicker than the rest of the joints. Wings very pale grey—not darker at base ; two minute blackish suffusions at the stigma, and on the spurious vein just below the fork of the 3rd longitudinal vein. Halteres very short, pale vellow, covered wholly by the dirty white tegule, which bear whitish hairs on the margins. Described from a single ~ in fair condition in the Indian Museum collection, bearing no data, but marked “‘ Inde ”’ in Bigot’s handwriting. N.B.—I leave this species in Polydonta, as being the most suit- able genus to receive it, as the shape of the abdomen, venation, and pointed curved hind tibie all agree perfectly with Macquart’s description and figure. There are, however, several points in 76 FE. Brunetti: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [Vo1. II, which it very materially differs from the definition given by Macquart. Firstly, he says the front in the ~ (the only sex given) is moderately wide, whereas in my specimen the eyes touch for a dis- tinct space ; but possibly Macquart’ Ss specimen was a 9; secondly, the hind femora in my species are very greatly enlarged, in the same proportion as in Syritta, whereas Macquart’s description is only * epaisses ” ; moreover they are barely curved at all, much less possessing the extraordinary curvature shown in Macquart’s figure (Dip. Ex. Supp. iv, pt. 1; pl. xiti, fig. 0.c.). Again, though that figure shows a small tooth at the base below, it is not so conspicuous as in orventalts. The genus was established for bicolor, Macq., from Nova Scotia, and has not been previously recorded from the Fast ; but, knowing of no other in which to place the Oriental species, I leave it here, where Bigot placed it. Apart from the question of the location of ovientalis in Poly- donta, the genus requires renaming, being preoccupied in Molluse< by Fischer in 1807. I might add that Bigot’s label reads “‘Polydivota,”’ but I presume he means Polydonta. The type-specimen only possessed one tarsus, which has, un- fortunately, been broken off since my describing it, but I noticed particularly, the slight thickening of the metatarsus below, men- tioned by Macquart. EUMERUS, Mg. E. argyropus, Dol. (E. argentipes, Wk.) There are three 7 o@ anda @ from Assam in the Indian Museum collection which T have identified with this species. E. nepalensis, mihi, sp. nov. @. Nepal (Chonebal). Long. 8 mm. Head very shining black, face below antennee, black, antennze bright tawny red, the edge of the 3rd joint black. Thovax dark shining aénous black, with tawny grey pubes- cence on dorsum, and grey pubescence at the sides, scutellum unicolorous, with soft, rather long vellowish grey hair, posterior border with a flat edge which is serrated above. Abdomen shining black, with two oval, oblique pale spots on 2nd segment, their ends touching the posterior border of the segments neat the side margin; extreme posterior border of segments very narrowly tawny. On the 3rd segment are two smaller and nar- rowet spots similarly situated; on the 4th segment, two hardly visible pale grey similar spots with white hair. Sides and tip of abdomen with white hair. Belly black, pale in centre. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 77 Legs black, femora fringed with whitish hair below, posterior femora with black hair on upper side ; the basal half and tips of the femora, four anterior tarsi, tip of posterior metatarsus, and apical half of next joint, tawny yellow: under side of whole pos- terior tarsi with bright golden yellow pubescence; four anterior tarsi with some white hairs at base. Wings clear, iridescent, veins well marked, stigma brown ; tegule and halteres yellowish. Described trom the one type-specimen in the Indian Museum collection. It is near argyropus, Dol., but distinct by the wholly clear wing. N.B.—I have a Eumerus taken by me at Mussoorie, 20-24- vi-o5, and another species taken by me at Lucknow, 2-xii-o4, but shall reserve these for further consideration. ‘The first I cannot identify with any of Schiner’s species, but in view of the forty known European species, any one of which it may be, I refrain from describing it as new. SYRITTA, St. Farg. et Serv. In a subsequent paper I hope to deal with this genus. Five species have been recorded from the East, all apparently bearing considerable resemblance to one another. S. piprens, 1,., the very common European and North American species, has not been recorded, but I have taken it myself not only at Mussoorie and Darjiling, but from the Indian plains also. My first impressions derived from a study of the Oriental species of this genus are that there may be only three species: (1) pipiens, L., of which orientalis, Mcq., and indica, W., may be synonyms ; (2) a species with the pairs of spots replaced by entire bands which, when interrupted, are only very slightly so. This species would be ambotnensis, Dol., with tlluctda, Wik., as a possible synonym, although in the latter the bands are straight, whilst in amboin- ensis, Dol., they are not so. The third species varies from both, but approximates most to pipiens. On the other hand there may be eight or ten good species. One specimen in my own collection taken by me at Agra, 4-iv-05, has the posterior femora nearly wholly bright red and the 2nd pair of abdominal spots also reddish. An example in the Indian Museum collection has the second pair of spots nearly as large as the first pair, whilst a third species, which occurs in Calcutta and elsewhere (Karachi), has a broad pale entire band occupying two segments. ‘This is labelled S. datecincta, Bigot, which is I believe a nomen nudum, but the species may be a good one. Other specimens in inferior condition in the Indian Museum collection may prove to be still further species. XYLOTA, Meig. The Indian Museum possesses specimens named by Bigot, cuprina, cupropicta, flavitarsis, and auvonitens, all being his own 78 E. BRUNETTI: Notes on Oriental Syrphide. [VoL. II, species. Of these cuprina' is a described species and the ~ and 2? 2 of it apparently are co-types, and therefore, presumably, correctly ‘identified. Cupropicta and flavitarsis (two 2 @ and one 9 respectively) are certainly only the same species as cuprina, and are probably nomina nuda. The other species, auronitens, is ap- parently a good species, which I describe here, with a second very distinct species from Assam. X. auronitens, mihi, sp. nov. OU ee ie Bigot, nom. nud.) @. Assam. Long. 12 mm. Head: vertex shining black, a few yellow hairs immediately above junction of eyes, which are contiguous for only half the distance from the frontal prominence to the crown of the head. Facets small, of uniform size, except being a little larger where the eyes touch ; ocelli distinct, no ocellar prominence. Frons shining black, grey dusted round the margins, with lower edge immediately above the antenne, tawny. Cheeks and lower part of face blackish, with a brownish blue tinge, with whitish reflections in certain lights. Antenne reddish brown, 3rd joint lighter, whitish dusted ; arista reddish brown. Mouth and proboscis brown. Back of head grey, encompassed hy a fringe of gold-vellow hair, which is shortest behind the upper corners of the eves. Thorax : dorsum golden brassy, with gold-vellow hairs, which are absent in the centre, giving an appearance, seen from behind, of a dark dorsal stripe. Humeral calli, hluish black, with a few yellow hairs. Sides of thorax blackish, shining, with some scattered yellow hairs. Mesopleura, pteropleura and sternopleura, aénous grey, shining, with yellow hairs. Metanotum aénous, bare. Scutellum brassy gold, with rather close, moderately short, vellow hair. Abdomen: 1st segment aénous, with a slight brassy tinge ; 2nd, tawny brown, shining, posterior border blackish ; the colour extending forward in the centre as a partial dorsal stripe; 3rd, tawny brown, shining, posterior part, blackish ; the colour widest in the centre ; 4th, aénous shining, reddish brown towards posterior border. Tip of abdomen reddish brown. Belly red-brown, black at base. The whole abdomen—dorsum, sides and belly—is covered with short, soft yellow hair. Legs: coxze shining aénous, posterior pair with yellow hair on outer sides ; femora aénous, with soft vellow hair, extreme tips tawny ; tibiae and tarsi bright tawny with vellowish pubescence, apical half of tibiz blackish, especially in fore and hind pair, the fore tibiee beering a fringe of long vellow hair on their inner sides. | This specific name has been used for a second time by Coquillet for a species from Japan described by him in 1898 (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxi, 327). Bigot’s species therefore antedates this latter by thirteen years. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 79 Wings pale grey, mediastinal cell uniformly brownish yellow ; no distinct stigma. Halteres bright yellowish red. ‘Tegule whitish grey. Described irom a single @ in good condition in the Indian Museum collection from Margherita. ‘Nhis species must be very near migroaénescens, Rond., but his description of the abdomen does not quite agree, and he says the antennee are black, whereas in auvonitens they are bright reddish brown. My longer description will enable some author to decide whether it is svnonymous with Rondani’s species or not. X. assamensis, mihi, sp. nov. 2. Assam (Kohima). Long. 13 mm. Frons shining black narrowing towards vertex, a slight trace of a grey pollinose line across the centre; face below antennz tawny, with minute not very strongly marked silvery white pubes- cence ; proboscis blackish brown; antenne brown; a fringe of yellowish hair behind eyes at the sides. Thorax, dull violet bronze, nearly bare, sides black, some yellow hairs in front, at the base of the wing; scutellum unicolorous, vellow hair at sides and on posterior border. Abdomen, dull violet aénous, nearly bare, but with minutely yellowish pubescence seen from in front. Legs, bright red tawny, with very slight vellow hair ; coxe black ; posterior femora with traces of a brown mark in the middle of the upper side. Wings, pale yellowish tawny, stigma tawny. Halteres brown, alulee brown with a fringe of thick yellow hair behind. Described from one @ in the Indian Museum collection. The Oriental species of this genus may be separated thus— Abdomen with distinct bands or spots. ess black. .. Long. 11 mm. nigroaénescens, Rond. Legs partly tawny. Abdomen with two broad interrup- ted testaceous bands. Thorax unstriped; antenne black: basal half of femora pale | .. Long. 8 mm. calopus, Big. Thorax with two testaceous tomentose stripes; antenne tawny ; femora chalybeous. Long. 10 mm. conforms, Wk. Abdomen with six bands. Long. 12 mm. @qualis, W1k. Abdomen unicolorous, or at least, without distinct bands or spots. Legs tawny or red. Abdomen tawny towards the base. Long. 10 mm. @thusa, Wk, 80 E. Bruneri1: Notes on Ortental Syrphide. [Vor. II, Abdomen all shining violet. Long. 13 mm. assamensts, mihi, sp. Legs not tawny (metailic blue, green, nov. aénous or black: in ventralis “ dingy testaceous ’’). Belly with two very broad testaceous stripes .. Long. 9 mm. ventralis, Wik. Belly without pale stripes. Long. 10-11 mm. cuprina, Big. MILESIA, Latr. In this genus there is little to record. Only two new species have been described recently ; these are— M. balteata, Kert., 1901, Termés. Fiizet., xxiv, 414; Sikkim. M. semifulva, Meijere, 1904, Bijd. Dierk., xviii, 19 ; Darjiling (figured). To these I add two undescribed species in the Indian Museum collection named by Bigot variegata and himalayensis. For a table of most of the species up to 1882, Baron Osten Sacken’s notes in -the Berl. Hut. Zeits., vol: xxvi; 187, EN DIEN. Par LORENZO CAMERANO, Professeur a ? Université de Turin. Monsieur N. Annandale, Superintendant du Musée d’Histoire Naturelle Indien de Calcutta, a eu Vobligeance de me soumettre la collection de Gordiens appartenant au Musée. I,étude de cette collection sera certainement utile pour la connaissance de la dis- tribution géographique de plusieurs espéces deja connues et elle fera connaitre aussi quelques espéces nouvelles pour la science. Chordodes stamensis, Camet. Assam: J. Macdonald. » Longueur maxima, m.o'148. Largeur maxima, m. 0’0oI. Exemplaire trouvé dans une “‘ Mantis.” L/animal est noir. Pegu. ? Longueur maxima, m. 0°302. Largeur maxima, m. 0°00I5. L/animal est d’un brun clair. J'ai décrit cette espéce d’aprés un exemplaire femelle du Siam (‘‘ Nuove specie di Gordii del Basso Siam,” Boli. dex Musez di Zool. e. Anat. Comp. di Torino, vol. xviii, n. 437. 1903). Je décris le male de cette espéce, qui n’a pas encore été décrit. La forme générale du corps, de l’extrémité antérieure et de l’extrémité pos- térieure est celle qui caractérise les espéces du genre Chordodes. L/animal est noir. Ia couche cuticulaire extérieure a la méme structure que celle de la femelle. Chordodes annandalet, sp. nov. Chitlong, Nepal: Museum Collector (Hodgart). x-07. @ Longueur maxima, m.o0'085. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0005. od 2: me m. 0°090. m. 0°0005. 2 ae T,.0° 138; m. 0°0007. Ces trois exemplaires ont été trouvés dans un individu de “ Mantis.” Le corps de la femelle est de couleur brune, celui du male est de couleur brun-no‘ratre. La forme générale du corps, est celle qui caractérise les espéces du genre Chordodes. Chez le male, l’extrémité postérieure est entiére avec un trés petit sillon terminal antéro-postérieur. La couche cuticulaire extérieure du male a la méme structure que celle de la femelle. Les aréoles papillaires sont d’une seule qualité. bie} d) de) >)8) Q” II4 T,. CAMERANO: Gordiens du Musée Indien. [Vou. I, Elles sont coniques, trés rapprochées entre elles et souvent elles sont pourvues de formations en forme de trés petits poils refrin- gents. T,a longueur des aréoles papillaires est To—15 #: la largeur est 3—4—5 pv. . Pour ce qui est du systéme des aréoles papillaires de la couche cuticulaire extérieure cette espéce appartient au groupe d’espéces du genre Chordodes qui ont une seule qualité d’aréoles papillaires, telles que: Ch. moluccanus, Roemer, Ch. liguligerus, Roemer, Ch. webert, Villot. Elle différe de Ch. liguligerus par les caractéres de la couche extérieure de la cuticule. Dans cette espéce les aréoles cuticulaires sont trés longues, lguliformes (long. 30—36 p). Elle différe de Ch. moluccanus, qui présente les aréoles papillaires basses, arrondies, et avec une surface bousselée. Elle différe enfin de Ch. weber1, qui présente les aréoles papil- laires aplaties ou arrondies. Chordodes giglio-tost, sp. nov. Purneah, N. Bengal: W. Shillingford. 9 Longueur maxima, m. 0°355. Largeur maxima, m. 0’ooI. Ija forme générale du corps, de l’extrémité antérieure et de Vextremite postérieure est celle qui caractérise les espéces du genre Chordodes. I,’animal est brun. Ia couche cuticulaire extérieure présente deux sortes d’aréoles papillaires. Les aréoles papillaires de la premiére sorte sont légére- ment relevées, tn peu arrondies et plus basses que les sut- vantes. Elles sont couvertes de granulations trés fines. Les aréoles de la deuxiéme sorte sont plus grosses, plus con- vexes et sont pourvues d’un prolongement clair en forme de tube un peu conique et legérement recourbé. Ces aréoles sont disposées caet la, isolées ou quelquefois rapprochées entre elles deux 4 deux. Les areoles de la deuxiéme sorte ont a leur base Io » de largeur environ. Les tubes ont une longueur de 12—15 » environ, et un diametre transversal de 2—3 p» environ. Cette espéce est bien caractérisée par la structure de sa cuticule extérieure. Parachordodes pustulosus, Baird. Yarkand: F. Stoliczka. Un exemplaire 2. Longueur maxima, m. o'12. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0008. Couleur jaune clair. Cette espéce est trés répandue. Elle se trouve en Angleterre, France, Allemagne, Itali¢é, dans le désert des Kirgisi, dans la Chine méridionale et en plusieurs localités de l’Asie Centrale. T/expédition Russe au Tibet (1899—1901)l’a trouvée a Entok-gomba dans une source prés du fleuve Dza-Eju (Bassin du Fleuve Bleu). Confr. I,. Camerano, ‘* Monografia dei Gordii,’? Mem. R. Accad. Scienze Torino, ser. 11, vol. xlvii (1897); ‘‘ Gordiens nouveaux ou 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 115 peu connus du Musée Zoologique de l’Acad. Imp. Petersb., Se. St. Pétersbourg,” Annuaire du Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. St. Pétersb., t. 1 (1896), pe. 117-125, et t. vill (1903), pe, 22-290. Gordius fulguy, Baird. Tavoy: Dr. Forster. a7 Longueur maxima, m. 0°76. Largeur maxima, m. w‘ool!. 2 ie Ri im: dS ee 1001, +) Le corps est de couleur jaune clair. Le collier noir est a peine marque. Le corps de la femelle est luisant: celui de male est moins bien conserve. Les lobes de l’extrémité postérieure du male sout courts et arrondis a l’extremité. Ta lame postcloacale est grande et arrondie. Andamans: D. A. de Roepstorff. 9 Longueur maxima, m.o'72. Largeur maxima, m. 0’ooI. Le corps est de couleur jaune-brun. Le collier noir n’est pas marque. Je rapporte cet exemplaire avec quelques doutes au G. fulgur, Baird. A cette espéce il ressemble par sa longueur. On sait d’autre part que la determination spécifique des femelles des espéces du genre Gordius qui out la couche cuticulaire extérieure lisse est souvent trés difficile. Le Gordius fulguy est lespéce qui peut présenter la plus grande longeur que l’on connaisse chez les Gordiens. On l’a signalée dans les localités suivantes: Batjan, Celebes, Nepal, Japan, Birmanie. Gordius dorie, Camer. Bagracote, Siliguri, N. Bengal: W. Shillingford. 4-1-83. o Longueur maxima, m. 0°63. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0015. Le corps est de couleur jaune-brun. Le collier noir est bien marqué: les bandes longitudinales brunes sont au contraire peu marquees. ? Longueur maxima, m. 0°36. JLargeur maxima, m. 0°002. Le corps est de couleur jaune-brun. Le collier noir est bien marqué. Il n’ya pas de bandes longitudinales brunes. Birch Hill, Darjiling: Dr. E. Birch. 20-xii-81. ? Longueur maxima, m. 0°215. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0017. Le corps est de couleur brun. Le collier noir est bien marque. I n’ya pas de bandes longitudinales brunes. Darjiling: Col. A. A. A. Kinloch. 12-ix-85. @ Longueur maxima, m. 0°365. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0015. Le corps est de couleur jaune-brun clair. Le collier noir et les bandes longitudinales sont peu marqués. Darjiling. @Longueur maxima, m. 0°30. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0008. 116 I,, CAMERANO: Gordiens du Musée Indien. [Vor. I, Ie corps est de couleur jaunatre. Le collier et les bandes longitudinales sont assez foncés. Pegu. . o Longueur maxinia, m. 0°33. Largeur maxima, m. o’ool. 2 55 cc m. 0°46. Gs Spe » E. OLO0R. Le corps est de couleur jaunatre. Le collier et les bandes longitudinales sont peu foncés. Cette espéce a été signalée a Cobapo (Birmanie) et a Perak (Malacca). Confr. I, Camerano, ‘‘ Monografia dei Gordii,’” Mem. R. Accad. Sc. Torino, ser. ii, vol. xlvii (1897); ‘“‘ Gordii della Malasia e del Messica,”’ Ath. Accad. Scienze Torino, vol. xxxiv, 1899. Gordius parone, Camer. Darjiling : D. Paterson. v7 Longueur maxima, m. 0°37. Largeur maxima, m. 0’00I. Le corps est de couleur brun. Il n’ya pas de collier noir et de bandes longitudinales brunes. Les lobes de l’extrémité pos- terieure sont plus clairs en dessous. L,’extrémité antérieure est blanchatre. Sikkim. 2 Longueur maxima, m. 0°43. Largeur maxima, m. 00015. Le corps est de couleur brun-foncé. Le collier noir et les bandes longitudinales brunes manquent. Asiatic Society of Bengal (sans localité). @ Longueur maxima, m. 0°385. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0015. Couleur du corps, collier et bandes longitudinales comme dans l’individu de Sikkim. Tura, Garo Hills: Williamson. ? Longueur maxima, m. 0°30. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0015,. Couleur du corps, collier et bandes longitudinales comme dans Vindividu de Sikkim. ? India (sans localité précise). 9 Longueur, m.-0°385 a m. 0°635. Largeur, m. O'O00I a m. O°0015: 9 Longueur, m. 0'°232am.0°275. Largeur, m. 0'0008 a m. 0°00I. Nombreux exemplaires. La couleur du corps est brun-noir. J'ai décrit cette espéce d’aprés des exemplaires de Kota Bharu (Siam). Elle est trés variable par sa longueur et par sa coloration. Ies exemplaires en bon état de conservation et avec une coloration foncée sont quelque peu iridescents. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. E17 Gordius zavattarit, sp. nov. Darjiling. o Longueur maxima, m. 0'295. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0000. Coloration générale jaune clair. Collier noir bien marqué. Bandes longitudinales noirdtres. I,es lobes de l’extrémité posté- rieure sont longs m. 0°0005 environ, arrondie a leur extrémité, peu divergents. Ia lame postcloacale est bien développée, noiratre et presque recourbée en ogive. La couche cuticulaire extérieure n’est pas aréolée et présente de trés petites formations réfringentes (long. 3—4 mj disposées ¢a et la et presque toujours au milieu des espaces en losange qui sont limités par les lignes croisées caractéristiques de la cuticule des espéces du genre Gordius. Cette espéce a quelque ressemblance avec le Gordius aéneus, Villot (de Venezuala), pour ce qui est de la structure de la cuticule : mais elle en différe par l’absence du collier noir et par la forme de la lame postcloacale. Paragordius sp. ? Darjiling Water-Works: Chairman, Darjiling Municipality. Un exemplaire ~ en mauvais état de conservation. Ey iy, a Pru f Mii rer, SANA Or BRACKISH PONDS AT POR Le CAN NING al OW ER BEN GATI,. Part IX.—A NEW SPECIES OF AMPHIPODA. by the: Rev. THOMAS R“R: STEBBING, M-A., FiR.S.,; F.L.S:, F.Z:S. In the year 1904 Professor Coutiére defined a new genus of Amphipoda, with description and figures of the typical species, Grandidterella mahafalensis. ‘The specimens described had been collected two or three years earlier by Mons. G. Grandidier in Madagascar. They came from the Lake Tsimanampetsotsa in a previously unexplored region of the Mahafaly country. The lake in question is a long lagoon-like depression between latitude 24° and 24°30’ S. and in longitude 44° E., about six miles from the west coast, and no longer possessing communication with the sea. Its salinity, varying with the rainfall, is greater than that of the sea during the dry season, and its fauna appears to be very poor (Coutiére, loc. cit. infra). Professor Coutiére expressed an expectation that marine examples of his singular new species would be forthcoming on the west coast of Madagascar. This discovery has apparently not yet been made, but what has actually happened is perhaps of even greater interest. For the species about to be described, from brackish ponds in Lower Bengal, displays the very closest relationship to the one so recently found in a salt lake of Madagas- ear. Their differences may be considered to prove that the two species have been for a long time isolated one from the other. Yet, whatever the interval in chronology, the vast intervening space of ocean has left unobliterated and in fact unobscured the evidence of a common ancestry. That the two species have become clearly distinct will pres- ently be shown by characters of the antenne, upper lip, mandibles, and gnathopods. Mons. Coutiére has, in an interesting manner, compared his genus and species with Dryopoides, Stebbing; Un- ciola, Say.; Chevreuxius grandimanus, Bouvier ; and Camacho bathyplous, Stebbing. ‘The last-named species, reported in the ‘“Challenger’’ dredgings to have come from a depth of I,100 fathoms, has since been dredged off South Africa in 47 fathoms. Fam. COROPHIID. 1906. Corophtide, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, ‘‘ Amphipoda Gam- maridea,’’ Lieferung 21, pp. 662, 739. In the key to the genera of this family supplied under the foregoing reference, M. Coutiére’s genus, with which we are 120’ “TI. R. R. STEBBING: Lhe fauna of Brackish Ponds. {(VOrAl here concerned, will stand near to Unciola, Say. It is, however, more closely allied to Chevreuxius, Bonnier, being at the same time sharply distinguished from that genus by the character of the second uropods, which are here biramous, not as in M. Bonnier’s genus uniramous. Gen. GRANDIDIERELLA, Coutiére. 1904. Grandidierella, Coutiére, Bulletin de la Soc. philomathique, Ser On. VOlavi pal yok 1906. Grandidierella, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, ‘‘ Amphipoda,”’ P. 739. . The genus is defined by M. Coutiére as follows :— Body little compressed; side-plates narrow. First antennee with the first and second joints of the peduncle elongate, the third joint short. Accessory flagellum one-jointed, very small. Second antennee at most equal to the preceding, fourth and fifth joints of the peduncle elongate. Mandibular palp with second joint slightly longer than first, and third than second; mandibular pro- cess narrow; cutting edge dentate. Lower lip with processes of the external lobes long and conical. First maxille with inner plate almost obsolete, without trace of sete; outer plate with eleven spines. Second maxilla having the inner plate furnished with two fringes of sete. Maxillipeds having a series of spines on the outer plate, the finger short, unguiculate. First and second gnathopods subchelate, dissimilar; the first more robust than the second, with marked sexual dimorphism affecting both size and shape. Third, fourth and fifth pereeopods with second joint ex- panded. The fifth pereopod almost twice as long as the third. Third uropods one-branched ; peduncle a little widened on the inner side, shorter than the ramus. Telson emarginate, broader than long. The species now to be added to the genus falls excellently under the original definition. The sister species, as often happens, are much less sharply separated in the female than in the male sex; but in both sexes they show a very clear distinction. Accessory flagellum of first antenne nearly as long as first joint of primary : wrist in first gnathopod of male more than twice as long as broad .. .. G.mahafalensis, Coutiére. Accessory flagellum of first antenne not nearly as long as first joint of primary : wrist in first gnathopod of male not nearly twice as long as broad... .. G. bonniert, sp. nov. Grandidiervella bonniert, sp. nov. (Plate -vi.) In preserved specimens the body is moderately compressed, except when the marsupium of the female is much distended with eggs. The lateral lobes of the head are rounded, carrying 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. : / 123 the dark rounded eyes, the space between these being occupied by a large patch of dark colouring. The outlines of an undissected specimen are exceedingly difficult to make out in consequence of the numerous irregular patches of colour over the whole surface. None of the side-plates of the perzeon are deep; those of the first two segments are somewhat squared with rounded corners, those of the two following are shallowly trilobed; and this appears to be the case with the sixth pair. The postero-lateral corners of the third pleon segment are rounded with a minutely produced point. The next three segments are each shorter than the third, decreasing in succession. The first antenne have the first joint rather stout, armed below with a spaced row of spines, two single and three in a group; the second joint is as long as the first, but much narrower ; the third is less than a third part as long as the second ; the flagellum is longer than the peduncle, with fifteen unequal joints in a male and eighteen in a female specimen. The accessory flagellum is miscroscopically small, but carrying one or two setules. This appendage is described as very small in the type species, but it is relatively so much smaller in the present that it affords a good specific character. The second antenne are stouter, but in both sexes shorter than the first. The first three joints are short, the next two long, subequal, longer than the first two joints of the first antenne. The flagellum is rather shorter than the last joint of the peduncle, seemingly five-jointed in the male and four-jointed in the female, with several slightly .curved spines, and perhaps a microscopical joint not. included in the above enumeration. In M. Coutiére’s species the flagellum of the first antenne in the male has 1g—2o0 joints and is shorter than the peduncle, and is 16-jointed in the female; in the second antenne of the male the flagellum is a little over half the length of the last peduncular joint, but is itself g-jointed, a minute apical joint being included. The upper lip in the present species has its margin evenly convex, not slightly emarginate as figured and described for G. mahafalensts. The mandibles agree very nearly with M. Coutiére’s figures and description, except that the spine-row has only six spines on the left and five on the right mandible in the Indian species, instead of the dozen which are attributed to each mandible in the species from Madagascar. As usual, the accessory plate is more slender and less strongly dentate on the right than on the left mandible. In the generic definition M, Coutiére speaks of the mandibular process as narrow, but it is not clear what part of the appendage is intended by this expression. Schiddte originally applied the expression not to the mandible itself, but to the conical prolonga- tions of the outer lobes of the lower lip, to which M. Coutiére refers in describing that organ. The first maxilla appear to have the inner plate here rather more distinct than in the type species, but without sete. The 122 T.R. R. STEBBING: The. Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [VOL--II; maxillipeds differ scarcely at all from those of the type species, except in having fewer spines round the apical and inner margin of the outer plates. The most striking difference between the two species is afforded by the great first gnathopods of the male, the fifth joint or wrist in the earlier species being two and a half times longer than broad and having a narrow obtuse process on the palmar border, which is wanting to the much shorter wrist of the Indian form. Here the massive fifth joint is less than once and a half as long as broad. The hand is not long enough to reach beyond the wrist’s palmar tooth, as it does in the other species, but it is distally broad enough to supply something more of a palm than that species displays. Its finger well overlaps the palmar tooth of the wrist, but to a considerably less extent than in the Madagascar form. In the female the first gnathopod is not complexly subchelate as in the male, but simply subchelate. The hand is shorter than the wrist, with the palm rounded, a little oblique, finely denticulate, defined by a palmar spine, which is overlapped by the point of the finger. In both sexes the inner margin of the finger has some small denticles. The second gnathopod of the male has the narrow, distally truncate, hand only a little shorter and narrower than the wrist, instead of being considerably smaller in both dimensions as in G. mahafalensis. The hind border of the wrist is strongly fringed with long spines. The apex of the finger reaches a little beyond the small palm. In the female the apex of the finger only reaches the end of the palm, otherwise their limbs are nearly alike in the two sexes. The branchial vesicle is narrow, with a constriction near the base, giving it a two-jointed appearance. The marsupial plate of the female is very extensive, and is fringed with sete nearly all round. The first and second pereeopods are alike, apparently differing from the Madagascar species in the stouter form of the fifth joint, which is little longer than broad. The glandular contents of these limbs indicate that the animal is a tube-builder, and the upward or backward position of the finger in the third pereeopods seems adapted for movement in such a dwelling. The third pereeopods are very much shorter than either of the following pairs, of which the fifth pair is the longer. The hind margin of the second joint in this pair is fringed with long sete, but by no means so densely as represented in the type species. The pleopods have two coupling hooks, each with three pairs of reverted teeth, on the inner margin of the peduncle, the opposite margin being fringed with plumose sete. The first joint of the inner ramus carries three cleft spines. This ramus is decidedly longer than the outer one, although each appears to have about the same number of joints,—twelve to thirteen. The first uropods are the longest, the peduncle longer than the subequal rami, all strongly spined. In the second pair the peduncle is about equal to the rami; in the third it is much shorter than the 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 123 single ramus, which carries several slender spines. In one of the male specimens this ramus has a curious inward curved ter- mination, which appears to be abnormal, but was found alike on each side of the telson. The telson is short, broad and thick ; the under distal margin rounded, the upper excavate, with a pro- jecting point at each corner, within which are some little promi- nent spines. Length of the male about 4 mm., that of the female 5 mm, Locality.— Brackish pools, Port Canning, Lower Bengal, from which the specimens were obtained by Dr. Nelson Annandale. The specific name is given out of respect to M. Jules Bonnier, whose services to carcinology are in high repute. aa iy eA se ni ait a : ¥ ~ EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. GRANDIDIERELLA BONNIERI, sp. nov. n.s. 7 %.—Lines indicating natural size, without antenne, of the male and female specimens respectively, figured below in lateral view. a.s.@ ,a.. #.—First and second antennee of the male. gn.1,2,% ; prp. 1, 3,%.—First and second gnathopods, first and third perzeopods of the male. urp.3, 7 ;1.—Third uropod (abnormal) and telson in dorsal view of a male. The remaining figures are from the female. l.s,1.4.—Upper and lower lips. m.,m.;mx.1, 2; mxp.—The two mandibles, first and second maxilla, maxillipeds. The mouth organs are magnified on a higher scale than the other appendages, except the telson and abnormal uropod of a male, of which the larger figure is magnified beyond all the rest. en. 1,2; prp. 4, 5.—First and second gnathopods, fourth and fifth pereeopods. urp. 1, 2,3; £.—First uropod, second and third uropods, with the telson in lateral view. te VI. Pla Rec Inp.Mus. Vo._I. be ' Pa a a Hes ne, tho dein t J.T. Rennie Reid Lith Del. T.R.R, Stebbing ah ee) PQUANTING cee ae (Poe NIT) Ti Leena oO % Ht} Sih DES CR CPI LOnN, OF ANEW SPECIES Or. = °ATN LO. .B RAO MLO: W, ER BURMA. By B. 1, CHAUDHURI, B.A., B.Sc. (Edin.). Damo annandalet, sp. nov. Beenie ele 0 Pars Ve 8s C2841). Lat,46 to 60% L,, Trans.13/3. Height of body in the total length 3; length of head in the total length 6; interorbital width in length of head 2; diameter of eye in the length of head 4. The lower jaw is the longer and forms a part of the profile; the cleft of the mouth is directed obliquely upwards and outwards. Barbels.—Two small pairs. The anterior (rostral) pair is once- and-a-half as long as the posterior (maxillary) pair, which is con- tained five times in the length of the head. Fins.—Dorsal commences six rays in advance of the anal, and there are sixteen rows of scales before its commencement. Pec- torals do not reach the ventralis and there is an appendant superior and inner to each pectoral fin not longer than the interorbital width. The ventral fin is smaller and shorter than the pectoral and has no appendant. The anal fin is situated three rows of scales below the lateral line. Finsare diffusedly spotted with black spots. The caudal fin is deeply forked. The lateral line is concave and runs from behind the origin of the pectoral fin to the root of the caudal fin. The position of the vent is immediately anterior to the anal fin. Colour and markings.—There are numerous dark spots on the opercles and suborbital region, but none on the scaleless part of the head. The scales are spotted and prettily fringed with dark spots. The back, which is highly curved, is steel-blue, below which the upper one-third is faintly yellow, followed by the middle third, which is variegated in bands and dashes to be described hereafter ; then the lower third is faintly yellow (like the upper third), and is terminated by the highly curved silvery belly. As the markings of the middle third are conspicuously different from those found in other allied species, they are described below rather minutely (a) Transverse markings.—One transverse steel-blue bar in the pale yellow ground just behind the opercle, broad above and tapering below, followed by a transverse yellow band rather narrow, then a lighter steel-blue transverse band edged with light yellow. 126 B.L. CHAUDHURI: A new species of Danio. [VOL. II, 1908.] (b) Longitudinal markings —From above downwards—(Ist) one faint steel-blue-gray band, short and thin, only one-fourth of the total length, occupying about the middle portion ; followed by (2nd) a thin yellow band which loses itself behind in a yellow background; (3rd) a long steel-blue band, broad’ but rather faint, running as far back as the posterior end of the dorsal fin; (4th) three broad yellow dashes (broken up) in a steel-blue ground, continuous in a line, with a yellow band behind commencing about the middle and running to the root of the caudal fin, where it loses itself in the yellow ground colour ; (5th) a broad steel-blue band getting broader behind and ending at the third row of scales before the com- mencement of the caudal fin ; (6th) four or five blurred dashes or round yellow markings losing themselves behind in the steel-blue ground of the band above (5th), which is broader posteriorly ; (7th) three or four bright vellow dashes in a steel-blue ground continuous with a yellow band that commences above the origin of the anal fin and continues towards the caudal fin, but loses itself in the yellow background ; (8th) a steel-blue band tapering posteriorly, gradually disappearing before the yellow band (7th) above ; (gth) a few faint yellow dashes, terminating as it were in the steel-blue background. Besides other apparent and conspicuous differences the new species differs from D. sfinosus in possessing appendants to the pectoral fins (whereas D. spinosus has none), and from D. dangila, which possesses appendants to the ventral fins. Two specimens were obtained by Dr. Annandale in March, 1g08, in asmall jungle stream near Kawkareik, at the base of the Dawna Hills in the interior of the Amherst district of Tenasserim. Together with them were taken several specimens of Danio dangila and D. albolineatus. The name of the genus-is derived from the word ‘‘ Dhani” (belonging to dhan == paddy), by which name all the allied species are collectively called by the Bengalese, probably referring to the smallness of their size or to their being found in grassy jungles in the edges of rivers and lakes. In this habitat these coloured stripes, loops and dashes are of great importance to these small fishes. XV.—RHYNCHOTA MALAYVANA,. | egio Nas bine By W. \. DISTANT. It is proposed in these papers, to give from time to time, contributions to a knowledge of the Rhynchota found to the east of the limits of the area dealt with in the volumes descriptive of the Fauna of British India. A number of species are common to the two areas, and to understand the components of the one, it is necessary to have a knowledge of the other. In fact North Australia cannot be eliminated though it is not proposed to deal with it in these papers. One of the rarest and most distinc- tive species in the Indian Pentatomide is Amblycara gladiatoria, Stal. It had only been recorded from “India” and Ceylon, and was of the utmost rarity in collections. Quite recently the British Museum received a specimen collected by Mr. Dodd in Queensland. It is also proposed to occasionally illustrate some of the many Malayan species described by Walker, the descriptions of which are frequently inadequate and provocative of synonymy by writers who cannot consult the types. Sub-order HETEROPTERA. Fam. TINGIDIDZ. Genus ELASMOGNATHUS. Elasmognathus, Fieb., Ent. Monogr., pp. 30 and go (1844). Type E. helfert, Fieb. Elasmognathus hewetti, sp. nov. (Pl. vii, figs. 2, 2a.) Head black with the antenniferous tubercles sometimes ochra- ceous; pronotum black, the anterior vesicle and lateral areas ochraceous ; elytra piceous-brown, the sutural area darker brown, costal area ochraceous, inwardly margined, centrally spotted, and transversely marked with black, apical margin ochraceous, intersected by the apices of the brown veins; abdomen above shining black; body beneath black ; legs ochraceous ; antennee brown, the apical joint black ; pronotum with the anterior vesicle very coarsely punctate, its disk more thickly and finely punctate with a strong central longitudinal ridge, the lateral areas and the produced margins coarsely granulose, the pronotal posterior elongation more coarsely punctate than on disk, the produced 128 W. L. Distanr: ARhynchota Malayana. [Vou, Dk margins conically globose and upwardly directed; elytra with the discoidal area finely granulose. Long incl. tegm. 54 mm. Hab.—Borneo ; Kuching (Hewitt). Fam. LYGAAIDA. Sub-fam. Heterogastrine. Genus SADOLETUS, Sadoleius, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., ti, p. 37 (1902). Type S. validus, Dist. Sadoletus corvus, sp. nov. Head, pronotum and scutellum black ; basal margin of pro- notum and a central longitudinal line on its posterior lobe ochra- ceous ; corium pale ochraceous, its apical area broadly black; membrane hyaline; body beneath black ; legs castaneous-brown, bases of the femora and tarsi pale flavescent; head punctate, antenne piceous, fourth joint longest, second longer than third ; pronotum with the anterior lobe moderately globose, impunctate, posterior lobe coarsely punctate ; scutellum finely punctate with a central carinate line which does not quite reach the base ; corium coarsely punctate, the punctures arranged in longitudinal series ; body beneath finely and obscurely greyishly pilose. Long 44 mm. Hab.—Borneo ; Santubong. Genus DINOMACHUS. Dinomachus, Dist., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), viii, p. 473 (1901). Type D. marshalli, Dist. Dinomachus fusus, sp. nov. (Pl. vii, figs. 6, 6a.) Head above fuscous brown, blackish at base, with a central ochraceous longitudinal line which is more distinct between the eyes ; pronotum ochraceous, the anterior lobe, excluding lateral areas, black, with a short central ochraceous longitudinal line, posterior lobe with two central longitudinal fascie and a transverse spot near each basal angle black; scutellum and corium ochraceous, the latter with the apical area black, its extreme apex ochraceous ; membrane hyaline; body beneath black, coxee and sternal spots ochraceous ; legs black, basal halves of femora and annulations to tibia pale flavescent; antennze brownish-ochraceous, first joint short, second longest, a little longer than third, fourth short but longer than first ; eyes mo- derately exserted ; pronotum somewhat coarsely punctate, trans- versely compressed at about one-third from apex, anterior lobe y 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 129 moderately globose, the posterior margin impunctate ; scutellum somewhat thickly punctate, foveately impressed at each basal angle, the disk broadly transversely depressed before apical area ; corium coarsely punctate ; body beneath obscurely greyishly pilose, the lateral margins of the abdomen palely spotted. Long 6 mm. Hab.—Borneo ; Santubong. Sub-order HOMOPTERA. Fam, FULGORID#., Sub-fam. Issine. Genus HILpDA. Isthmia, Walk., List Hom., iti, p. 732 (1851), nom. preoce. Hilda, Kirk., Entomologist, 1900, p. 243, nom. nov. Type H. undata, Walk. Hilda malayensis, sp. nov. (Pl. vii, figs. 7, 7a.) Head, pronotum and scutellum pale green; extreme apical margin of vertex almost continuously black ; pronotum with the margins narrowly black or piceous, extreme basal margin with an almost continuous series of small grevish dots, basal area of face between the eyes black with four prominent central white spots, the black area also posteriorly narrowly margined with greyish- white, remainder of face and body beneath pale ochraceous ; legs darker ochraceous, the anterior and intermediate tibiz and tarsi piceous ; tegmina pale testaceous, an oblique spot on basal area, a central transverse fascia narrowly margined on each side with piceous and widened at costal area into a somewhat large triangular patch greyish-white, the apical area greyish, suffused with pale ochraceous and containing near its inner margin a longitudinal series of small black spots with white centres, some of the spots being duplex ; wings slightly fuliginous with fuscous veins ; face strongly transversely indented between the insertions of the an- tenne; basal margin of vertex finely callose ; abdomen above fuscous brown with the segmental margins testaceous. Long incl. tegm. 5 to 54 mm. Hab.—Siam ; Malay States; Bukit Besar (Annandale and Robinson ; Brit. Mus.). Fam. CERCOPIDZ-. Genus EUCLOVIA. Euclovia, Matsum., Journ. Sapporo Agr. Coll., ii, p. 24 (1903). Type FE. okad@, Matsum. 130 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malayana. [ VoL. -H, Euclovia convexa, sp. nov. (Pl. vii, figs. Io, Ioa.) Vertex brownish ochraceous ; pronotum ochraceous, a large. transverse spot near anterior margin, and the posterior margin brownish ; scutellum pale ochraceous; body beneath and _ legs brownish ochraceous; head beneath pale ochraceous, anterior margin to eyes, and the face centrally longitudinally black; an oblique spot near outer margin of cheeks, and a transverse spot on the acetabula black ; tegmina ochraceous, basal area (mottled with ochraceous), a broad irregular discontinuous central fascia which is connected with the apex by a longitudinal streak, an apical costal streak and most of the veins piceous; vertex trans- versely impressed before apex ; ocelli somewhat close together a little before basal margin; clypeus long and slender, extending between the anterior coxe,; face centrally longitudinally ridged ; posterior tibie with two spines. Long incl. tegm. 74 mm. Hab.—Borneo ; Kuching (Hewitt). Genus DINDA, gen. nov. Vertex shorter than pronotum, sub-conically produced in front of eyes, the lateral and apical margins acute and reflexed, about as long as breadth between eyes, a discal conical carination on anterior half commencing on both sides at about middle of disk and united at apex ; ocelli a little before base and in front of eyes, about as near to each other as to eyes; face flattened, slightly. widened posteriorly, coarsely punctate, with an obscure central carination which does not reach base; clypeus long and broad, very strongly centrally longitudinally ridged ; eyes long, oblique ; pronotum much longer than vertex, lateral margins obliquely straight, anterior margin moderately convexly rounded, margins from basal angles to scutellum obliquely directed inwardly, pos- terior margin subangularly sinuate ; scutellum subtriangular, its apex acute ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe ; legs moder- ately short, posterior tibie with two spines; tegmina coriaceous, passing apex of abdomen, the apex rounded. Type D. maura, Walk. Dinda maura, (Pl. vil, figs. 1, Ta.) A phrophora maura, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., p. 187 (1858). Vertex thickly punctate, the discal conical carination promi- nent; pronotum thickly punctate and _ slightly transversely wrinkled ; scutellum with the lateral. margins ridged; tegmina very thickly and finely punctate, their lateral margins narrowly obscurely castaneous ; legs pale flavescent, tarsal claws piceous ; rostrum pale flavescent. Hab.—Singapore (Brit. Mus.). _Borneo; Sarawak (Wallace ; Brit. Mus., Sarawak Mus. and Coll. Dist.). 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 131 Genus LORA, gen. nov. Vertex conically produced in front of eyes, longer than space between eyes, strongly centrally longitudinally ridged, a trans- verse discal line near middle of disk from the ends of which an oblique line proceeds on each side to lateral margin, lateral and apical margins strongly ridged and reflexed ;_ ocelli between eyes very much nearer to each other than to eyes which are long and oblique; face longitudinally broadly sulcate for half its length from base, the margins of the sulcate area strongly ridged ;_ pro- notum considerably longer than vertex, its anterior margin a little rounded, the lateral margins outwardly oblique to posterior angles, thence inwardly oblique to scutellum, posterior margin angularly sinuate ; scutellum subtriangular ; legs moderately , short, posterior tibiae with one spine; tegmina coriaceous, much longer than abdomen, the apices rounded. Type L. inclyta, Walk. Lora inclyta. (Pl. vil, figs. 3, 3a.) Aphrophora inclyta, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., p. 187 (1858). Pronotum and scutellum thickly finely punctate, obscurely wrinkled and very shortly ochraceously pilose; tegmina thickly finely punctate and sparingly transversely wrinkled ; face strongly transversely striate on each side of the central sulcation; tarsi piceous. Hab.—Borneo ; Sarawak (Wallace ; Brit. Mus.). S.-E. Borneo (Doherty ;- Coll: Dist.). Genus DAHA. Daha, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 107 (1907). Type D. arietavia, Dist. Daha kuchingensts, sp. nov. Body above and beneath and legs black; tegmina with a small triangular white costal spot on apical area; vertex finely tricarinate, the central carination very obsolete before reaching base, finely and obscurely punctate ; eyes black margined with greyish ; pronotum and scutellum very finely transversely rugulose ; tegmina minutely thickly punctate. Long 64 to 7 mm. Hab.—Borneo ; Kuching (Hewitt). Genus EOSCARTA. Eoscarta, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 58 (1902). Euryaulax, Kirk., Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc., pt. ix, p. 380 (1906). Type E. borealis, Dist., = F. eos, Bredd. Eoscarta subdolens. Cercopis subdolens, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., 1, p. 165 », (1857). 132 W. L. Distant: Rhynchota Malayana. [VOL et. Triecphora subpustulata, Walk., List. Hom. Suppl., p. 343 (1858). Hab.—Sarawak (Wallace; Brit. Mus.). Kuching (Sarawak Mus.). Eoscarta borealis. Cosmoscarta borealis, Dist., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 321. Eoscarta borealis, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 116 (1907). Eoscarta eos, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 58 (1902). Hab.—Assam ; Tenasserim ; Malay Peninsula ; Perak (Doherty). Siam; Malay States; Bukit Besar (Annand. and Robins.). This species varies.in the colour of the tibize ;. in some specimens they are wholly black, in others black only at apices. Eoscarta rufa. Triecphora rufa, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., x, p. 289 (1869). Hab.—New Guinea (Wallace ; Brit. Mus.). Eoscarta ferruginea. Triecphora ferruginea, Walk., List Hom., 111, p. 672 (1851). Cercopis ferruginea, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., 1870, p. 721. Hab.—Philippine Islds. Eoscarta antica. Triecbhora antica, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., x, -p. 289 (1860). Hab.—Mysol (Wallace; Brit. Mus.). Genus CONSIDIA. Considta, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., 1865, p. 152. Tettigoscarta, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 59 (1902). Sialoscarta, Jacobi, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl., 111, p. 23 (1905). Type C. transversa, Walk. Considia transversa. Cercopis transversa, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., iv, p. 1151 (1852). Considia oblonga, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh., 1865, p. 152. Hab.—Java. Considia nitidula., Tettigoscarta mtidula, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 59 (1902). Hab.—Malacca. Siam; Malay States; Bukit Besar (Annand. and Robins. ; Brit. Mus.). Siam (Brit. Mus.). Considia cavata. Triecphora cavata, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., p. 343 (1858). Staloscarta concinna, Jacobi, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl., iii, p. 23 ; taf. 1, fig. 10 (1905). Hab.—Java. Genus AUFIDUS. Aufidus, Stal, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3), i, p. 594 (1863). Aufidellus, Kirk., Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc., pt. ix p. 381 (1906). Aufiterna, Kirk., loc. cit., p. 382. ’ 1go8. | Records of the [ndian Museum. 133 Aufidellus, Kirk., cannot be separated from Aufidus. The type of Stal’s genus (A. trtfasctatus) is in the British Museum, as is also a specimen of the species described by Kirkaldy as A. australensis. The differential and only characters given by the last-named writer, ‘“ pronotum posteriorly is almost evenly rounded and the costal margin is not arched basally,’ constitute (when the species is ex- amined) only very moderate specific differentiation. In his des- cription of another proposed genus, Aufiterna,' he writes“ posterior margin emarginate, while it is truncate in Aufidus.” This is inac- curate; in the type of Aufidus (A. trifasciatus), the posterior pronotal margin is distinctly emarginate ; neither did Stal make that structural character a generic distinction; he simply wrote ‘“ Thorax sexangularis.’’ Onthe other hand Aufiteyna, Kirk., is apparently only to be separated from Aujidus by the venation of the tegmina, ‘ 3 discoidals (subapical), 4 apicals well marked, while there are another 5 small cells marked off on the costal cell.” It will be seen by the figure here given, that all these characters are more or less represented, and that the divisions of the costal cell are inconstant even in the same species and even in the same specimen. Aufidus spectabtlis, sp. nov. (Pl. vil, figs. 5, 5a.) Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous ; a transverse spot at apex of vertex, a broad fascia between eyes, and a broad basal fascia to pronotum black; body beneath and legs ochraceous, basal half of face black, anterior tibize longitudinally streaked with black, tarsi more or less piceous ; abdomen above testaceous ; tegmina with the basal third ochraceous and opaque, this area outwardly margined by a transverse black fascia and containing a black streak on upper claval margin with the lower basal margin of the clavus also black, remaining area of tegmina hyaline with apical ochraceous suffusions, veins alternately ochraceous or pice- ous, costal area ochraceous ; wings hyaline, palely ochraceous on basal area, the veins pale-fuscous; vertex with a fine central longitudinal carination, and with a transverse impression near middle; pronotum with a central longitudinal sulcation not reaching the anterior margin, the posterior margin slightly emarginate ; face globose, laterally compressed, centrally longitudinally sulcate on disk, costal cell with three or four small cells marked off by trans- verse veins. Long excl. tegm. 64 mm. Exp. tegm. 18 to 20 mm. Hab.—Malay Archipelago ; Halmaheira (Doherty; Brit. Mus.). Aufidus papuanus, sp. nov. Vertex and pronotum ochraceous; vertex with the apica margin narrowly and the basal margin broadly black ; pronotum | Kirkaldy says this genus is more allied to Polychetophyes, of which the typi- cal species is referred to ‘‘ pl. xxxiii, figs. 12 and 13,” but no such illustration can be traced. 134 W. L. Distant: Rhynchota Malayana. [VOL:- 1s with about the basal half black; scutellum testaceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, basal margin of face, a spot between face and eyes, a longitudinal streak to anterior tibize, anterior tarsi, tarsal claws, apex of rostrum, and lateral margins and apical area of abdomen beneath, piceous or black ; tegmina with basal fourth ochraceous and opaque, this area broadly outwardly transversely margined with black, and containing a broad piceous claval streak, central area hyaline, the veins and the whole of the apical fourth fuscous brown, costal margin ochraceous ; vertex without a central carination, face centrally sulcate for about half its length from base; pronotum centrally longitudinally sulcate on disk, its posterior margin almost straight; scutellum discally foveate ; tegmina (in type) with six small cells in the costal cell of one tegmen and only three distinct cells in that of the other tegmen. Long incl. tegm. 10 mm. Hab.--New Guinea; Humboldt Bay (Doherty; Brit. Mus.). Aufidus erebus, sp. nov. Vertex pale luteous, a broad transverse fascia extending from base to anterior margins of eyes, and the apical margin black ; pronotum pale luteous with a broad central brownish transverse fascia ; scutellum pale luteous, the anterior margin and basal angles black ; head beneath black, apices of face and cheeks, and the basal margin between face and eyes ochraceous ; sternum and legs ochraceous, anterior tibiee and all the tarsal claws piceous ; abdomen beneath black ; tegmina hyaline, the veins robust and black, basal fourth black, apical fourth piceous, costal margin ochraceous : vertex smooth not carinate; face broadly longitudinally sulcate for nearly its entire length; pronotum finely centrally discally sulcate ; scutellum discally foveate ; tegmina with the costal cell divided into three small cells on one tegmen, and into four on the other. Long incl. tegm. 9 mm. Hab.—New Guinea ; Humboldt Bay (Doherty ; Brit. Mus.). Genus COLSA. Colsa, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., i, p. 96 (1856). Type io) costestriga, Walk. Colsa matanga, sp. nov. (PL. vii, figs. 8, 8a.) Vertex black, the front ochraceous ; pronotum black, the an- terior area broadly ochraceous ; scutellum ochraceous, the basal angles black ; abdomen above black, the basal area, the lateral margins and the anal appendage ochraceous ; head beneath, legs and sternum ochraceous ; central area and ‘transverse striations to face, apices of anterior tibize, apices of tarsi, sternal spots and disk of abdomen beneath black ; lateral margins of abdomen pale ochraceous, with the segmental incisures black; tegmina pale 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 135 hyaline, the veins fuscous brown, costal area piceous interrupted by an oblique transverse white spot beyond middle, and at apex almost narrowly continued across disk ; posterior margin of claws piceous, an ochraceous spot at base; wings hyaline, the veins mostly darker, a little infuscate on posterior and apical margins, transverse veins in postcostal cell varying from five to six ; vertex transversely impressed at union with front; face sulcate for its whole length, the sulcation narrower at base; pronotum centrally longitudinally impressed on basal area ; scutellum broadly centrally foveate. Long incl. tegm. 12 to 13 mm. Hab.—Borneo ; Matang. Genus NOTOSCARTA. Notoscarta, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 59 (1902). Type N. croceonigra, Bredd. Notoscarta alboater. Aufidus alboater, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., x, p. 292 (1869). Notoscarta ptyeloides, Bredd., Soc. Ent., xvii, p. 59 (1902). Hab.—New Guinea; Mysol. Notoscarta zebrina, sp. nov. Vertex and pronotum black; vertex with a pale marginal spot in front of each eye, eyes and scutellum greyish white ; body beneath black; apex of face, clypeus, rostrum, coxe, legs and the abdominal segmental margins, greyish white ; tegmina black; a costal marginal spot extending to about one-third from base and curved inward at its apex, almost apical half of the costal area divided by three transverse piceous lines, and a spot at apex of clavus (posteriorly divided) greyish white; face subglobose, faintly transversely striate on each side; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe; pronotum thickly finely transversely striate. Long incl. tegm. 54 mm. Hab.—Mysol (Wallace ; Brit. Mus.). Genus MIOSCARTA. Mioscarta, Bredd., Allg. Zeitschr. Ent., vi, p. 123 (1901). Type M. forcipata, Bredd. Mioscarta bipars. Aufidus bipars, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., x, p.290 (1869). Aufidus partitus, Walk., loc. cit. Hab.—Celebes. Fam. JASSID. Sub-fam. Bythoscopine. Genus IDIOCERUS. Idiocerus, Lewis, Trans., Ent. Soc. Lond., I, p. 47 (1836). Type I. adustus, Herrich-Sch. 130 W. L. Distant: Rhynchota Malayana. (Vou. Idiocerus nitidulus. Tassus nitidulus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 322 (1869). Hab.—Mysol. Allied to I. niveosparsus, Leth. Idiocerus laticeps. Tassus laticeps, Walks, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 323 (1860). Hab.—Celebes. This species is closely allied to the preceding and principally differs by the markings of the face, and may probably be but a variety of I. mitidulus. In his description Walker has omitted to mention the presence of a somewhat large triangular black spot near each basal angle of the scutellum. Genus ByTHOSCOPUS. Bythoscopus, Germ., in Silberm. Rev. Ent., i, p. 180 (1833); Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 190 (1907). Type B. lanio, Linn. Bythoscopus punctatus. Idiocerus ? punctatus, Kirby, in Mon. Christ. Isld., p. 138 (1900). Hab.—Christmas Isld. Bythoscopus unicolor. Bythoscopus unicolor, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 320 (1869). Hab.—Celebes. Genus BALocHa. Balocha, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 189 (1907). Type B. tricolor, Dist. Balocha angulifer. Tassus ? angultfer, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x Pp. 325 (1869). Hab.—Mysol. > Genus CHUNRA. Chunra, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 193 (1907). Type C. puncticosta, Walk. Chunra gigantea, sp. nov. (PI. vii, figs. 11, IIa.) Vertex, pronotum and scutellum very pale ochraceous ; vertex with a pale central longitudinal fascia on each side of which is a darker fascia, a fuscous spot before eyes and two central fuscous transverse spots near base; eyes castaneous; pronotum with four large fuscous brown spots crossing disk, the two central ones longitudinal and posteriorly united, the lateral spots subtriangular ; - scutellum with four large spots on basal half, the two central ones almost fused, and the apex fuscous-brown, a piceous spot on 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 137 each lateral margin; abdomen above testaceous; head beneath sternum and legs pale ochraceous, abdomen beneath testaceous ; margins of face, two anterior comma-like oblique spots, an oblique line before each eye, and a posterior broad central longitudinal spot fuscous brown; apices of tibie and the tarsi more or less infuscate; tegmina smoky hyaline, the veins fuscous brown, costal area fuscous brown mottled with pale ochraceous, apical margin and a subapical marginal! fascia fuscous brown; wings smoky hyaline, the ,veins fuscous brown, outer margins a little infuscate ; ocelli prominent, as near to each other as to eyes ; scutel- lum long and broad, longer than pronotum and vertex together. Long excl. tegm., 2,g mm. Exp.-tegm. I9 to 20 mm. Hab.—Borneo ; Kuching (Shelford); S.-E. Province (Doherty). Sub-fam. Tettigonielline. Tettigonielline, Dist., Faun. B. I. Rhynch., iv, p. 200 (1907) (incl. synonymy). Tetigonide, Kirk., Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc., pt. ix, p- 316 (1906). The name Tettigontellide was first applied to this sub-family by Dr. Melichar. In the reference above given will be found a full synonymy of other terms used. Genus TETTIGONIELLA. Tetigonia, Geoffr., Hist. abreg. des Ins., I, p. 429 (1798-99), nom. preocc. Tettigoniella, Jacobi, Zool. Jahr. Syst., xix, p. 778 (1904), nom. nov. Tettigoniella eburnea. Tettigonia eburnea, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 168 (1856). Walker’s short description is quite inadequate and misleading ; the following description is taken from the type and two other speci- mens, all collected by Wallace at Sarawak. Head, pronotum and scutellum stramineous ; vertex with two small spots at apex and a larger discal spot, black ; head beneath, sternum and legs very pale stramineous ; abdomen beneath golden yellow ; tegmina and wings milky white. Although Walker’s description supra is simply “ whitish, vertex of head conical. Wings milk-white,’’ he subsequently (Journ. Linn, Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 304, 1869) refers to it ina different way, and implies that there are ‘‘ black marks on the head.” Hab.—Borneo. Tettigoniella erichsonti, sp. nov. (PI. vili, figs. 2, 2a.) Vertex dark indigo-blue, much paler on each side near eyes pronotum pale ochraceous, the anterior and lateral margins broadly 138 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malavana. [Versi bluish grey ; scutellum pale ochraceous, its apex dark indigo-blue ; abdomen above and body beneath dark indigo-blue ; apex of anal segment, cheeks, lateral areas of prosternum, coxe and legs stra- mineous ; apices of femora, tibize and tarsi more or less indigo-blue, bases of posterior tarsi stramineous ; tegmina with less than basal half very pale stramineous, sometimes with a few brownish spots near base, remaining area fuscous brown with discal bluish suffu- sions ; wings fuliginous brown, the veins darker; vertex broad, rounded anteriorly, foveately impressed near each eye ; face some- what discally depressed, transversely striate on each lateral area. Long excl. tegm., 7, and @ ,10toIImm. Exp. tegm. 23 mm. Hab.—Sumatra (Erichson; Brit. Mus. ; Forbes ; Coll. Dist.). Tettigoniella ramana, sp. nov. (PI. viii, figs. 15, 15a.) Vertex indigo-blue, much paler and brighter blue on basal area; pronotum bronzy yellow, the anterior and lateral areas suffused with pale blue; scutellum bronzy yellow more or less suffused with pale blue; abdomen above shining purplish blue, faintly tomentose; body beneath and legs testaceous suffused with bluish, abdomen beneath more testaceous, the anal segment, sublateral segmental spots and anal appendage, more or less bluish; tegmina bronzy yellow, basal fourth pale violaceous containing two dark spots, some inconstant violaceous suffusions on disk (sometimes practically absent), beyond clavus and encroaching on apical area, subhyaline ; wings dark fuliginous; vertex broad, anteriorly rounded, centrally discally impressed; face broadly longitudinally smooth and pale bluish, the lateral areas brownish and strongly transversely striate. Long excl, teem, 9, 12 mim.-= Exp. teem, 201027 mim. Hab.—Sumatra (Erichson ; Brit. Mus.). Var. Abdomen above testaceous. (Probably a rubbed or Spirit specimen.) Allied to T. ferruginea, Fabr. Tettigoniella cumatilis, sp. nov. (Pl. viii, figs. 5, 5a.) Body, legs and tegmina pale bluish with fuscous brown shadings ; wings pale fuscous brown with blue suffusions on basal area; vertex with two large black spots commencing near ocelli and united on anterior margin; pronotum blackish on basal area; face cen- trally broadly and longitudinally smooth and bluish, the lateral areas more or less black and coarsely transversely striate, the cheeks thickly whitely tomentose ; abdomen beneath whitely tomentose ; legs darker, somewhat blackish; tegmina (when not rubbed) regularly bluish except at apical margins which are somewhat broadly fuscous brown ; vertex foveately impressed at the region of each ocellus ; abdomen above with a central longitudinal ridge, vertex broadly anteriorly rounded. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 139 Long excl: tegm.:, 7”, 8mm.. Exp. tegm. 17. to 18 mm. Hab.—Malay Peninsula; S. Perak (Ridley; Brit. Mus.). Borneo ; Sarawak (Shelford ; Brit. Mus.). Tettigoniella tamborensis, sp. nov. (Pl. viii, figs. I, Ia.) Vertex orange-red, the disk nearly wholly occupied by a large black spot which, commencing at base, is angulated on each side in front of eyes and is narrowed and bifid near anterior margin ; prono- tum orange-red, its anterior and posterior margins irregularly black ; scutellum wholly black; head beneath orange-red, face and clypeus with a central longitudinal black fascia; sternum, abdomen beneath and legs very pale ochraceous ; spots on each side of prosternum, posterior abdominal marginal segments (interrupted on disk), apex of anal segment, and lateral abdominal spots, black ; tegmina reddish-ochraceous, costal, claval and inner margins somewhat broadly black, apical area brownish, inwardly black ; vertex moderately long, somewhat conically rounded in front, a little depressed between ocelli; pronotum sparsely obscurely punctate ; scutellum transversely impressed before apical area. Long incl. tégm., 9 , £2 :mim. Hab.—Malay Archipelago; Tambora, Sambawa (Doherty; Brit. Mus.). \ Tettigomella timorensis, sp. nov. (Pl. viil, figs. 3, 3a.) Head, pronotum, body beneath and legs ochraceous ; vertex with three black spots, two transverse on anterior margin and one larger and irregularly shaped at base; pronotum with a small linear transverse spot at middle of anterior margin, and the pos- terior margin broadly black ; scutellum with a black discal spot ; face with two black basal spots (which are a continuation of the two on the anterior margin of vertex; tibie brownish ochraceous, tarsal claws black; tegmina ochraceous, with three longitudinal black fasciz, one costal which becomes subcostal before apical area, one before inner claval margin, and the other on posterior claval margin extending for about two-thirds its length from base; vertex broad and rounded in front, a little foveately impressed at inner margins of eyes; pronotum smooth and shining, discally arcuately impressed before anterior margin; scutellum strongly transversely impressed before apical area. Long incl. tegm., @ , 9} to Io mm. Hab.—Malay Archipelago; Timor Dili, Wetter near Timor (Doherty ; -Brit. Mus.). Tettigoniella wettercnsis, sp. nov. (Pl. vii, figs. 4, 4a.) Head, pronotum and body beneath ochraceous ;_ legs stra- mineous ; vertex with three black spots, two on anterior margin and one at base; pronotum with a large transverse anteriorly 140 W. L. DISTANT: Ahynchota Malayana. [Vou iy inwardly angulated basal spot, a small transverse spot on anterior margin, and a slender central discal longitudinal line, black, near anterior margin, a discal transversely angulated pale ochraceous impression ; scutellum with a large black spot which occupies the whole of the surface excluding the lateral and apical areas ; face with two elongate black basal spots (which are a continuation of the two on the anterior margin of vertex) ; tarsal claws piceous; tegmina olivaceous brown, the costal area more ochraceous, the costal margin and the apex, black. Allied to T. timorensis, Dist., but differing by the different colour and markings of the tegmina, different maculation to the pronotum and scutellum, and the pale unicolorous legs with the tarsal claws only darker. Long incl. tegm., 2 , II mm. Hab.—Malay Archipelago ; Wetter near Timor (Doherty). Tettigomella mitrata, sp. nov. (PI. viii, figs. 6, 6a.) Vertex pale purplish, the apical margin broadly black, the posterior lateral margins near the eyes, ochraceous; pronotum ochraceous, excluding anterior area thickly blackly punctate, the basal margin black; scutellum ochraceous; body beneath and legs ochraceous, a short central black line at base of face ; sternum more or less whitishly tomentose, abdomen beneath with large brownish spots ; tegmina black, costal margins and claval sutural margins very narrowly ochraceous, apices inwardly obscurely subhyaline ; vertex broad, rounded in front, a little apically up- turned, thus giving the disk a foveate appearance ;_ ocelli placed far apart, rather near the eyes; face long, centrally flattened, the lateral areas transversely striate; scutellum very strongiy trans- versely impressed before apical area. Long incl. tegm. 9 mm. Hab.—New Guinea ; Humboldt Bay (Doherty ; Brit. Mus.). Tettigoniella annandalet, sp. nov. (Pl. viii, figs. 7, 7a.) Very pale virescent ; vertex, anterior area of pronotum, scutel- lum, body beneath and legs more ochraceous; vertex with a large outwardly branching black spot, commencing near the neighbourhood of the ocelli and then continued on each side to apex; pronotum pale shining greyish, the anterior area pale ochraceous, a somewhat large and angulated black spot on disk ; scutellum with a large black spot in each basal angle; face with two short anterior discal black stripes continued from those on vertex, and the posterior halves of the lateral margins broadly black ; tegmina pale virescent, the apical areas subhyaline, two transverse black spots on clavus, one near middle the other near apex, two transverse black spots on corium, the first extending from claval to costal margins, the second shorter and discal, the hyaline apical area inwardly margined with black, and a small piceous spot near middle of claval suture; vertex broad, anteriorly rounded ; 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 141 face posteriorly longitudinally wrinkled; pronotum convex, depressed anteriorly; scutellum depressed to, and transversely impressed before apical area. Long incl. tegm. 12 mm. Hab.—Malay Peninsula; S. Perak, Talum (Annandale and Robinson; Brit. Mus.). Allied to the Bornean 7. scitipennis, Walk. Tettigoniella perakensis. Head, pronotuin, scutellum, body beneath and legs ochraceous ; vertex spotted with black, a spot at apex, another at middle of pos- terior disk, andtwo on posterior margin which are almost connected with a curved line in front of each of them; pronotum with a black spot near middle of each lateral margin; scutellum with three black basal spots, and a subapical black one ; tegmina pale bluish-grey sparingly sprinkled with ochraceous, costal and claval sutural margins very narrowly ochraceous, apical area subhyaline, a black spot crossing apex of clavus and another subcostal black spot near apex; vertex broad and rounded in front; pronotum thickly brownly punctate ; face broad, globose, the marginal areas transversely striate. Long incl. tegm. 12 mm. Hab.—-Malay Peninsula; Perak (Doherty ; Coll. Dist.). Tettigoniella baluensis, sp. nov. Head, pronotum, and scutellum very pale luteous; vertex with a large central black spot ; pronotum with a broad anterior transverse fascia and two semicircular basal spots, black ; scutellum with two lunulate spots on anterior margin and a discal spot pro- longed towards apex, black; face with a triangular spot at base and the apex black ; body beneath black ; legs pale luteous, base and apex of anterior femora, the whole of the intermediate and posterior femora, and apices of the tibia: and tarsi black ; margins of the abdominal segments beneath narrowly pale luteous ; teg- mina orange-red, their apices, excluding posterior border, black ; head broad, rounded in front, excavate on each side before eyes ; face broadly longitudinally flattened in the middle the lateral areas transversely striate; pronotum sparingly obscurely punctate. Long incl. tegm. 12 mm. Hab.—Borneo; Kina Balu (Brit. Mus.). —— Tettigontella horsfieldt, sp. nov. (Pi. vil, figs. 17, 174.) Vertex ochraceous or pale testaceous, the whole disk excluding margins occupied by a large black spot ; pronotum and scutellum pale testaceous; abdomen above pale testaceous, its disk longi- tudinally purplish red ; face brownish ochraceous, two small black spots at the middle of the basal margin and a black longitudinai 142 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malayana. [VOrsrn, central fascia extending for about half the length from base ; margins of eyes black; abdomen beneath pale testaceous, the lateral margins ochraceous; legs ochraceous, the anterior legs darker; tegmina pale ochraceous, the clavus, base, two broad transverse fasciz, the first near middle, the other near end of clavus, pale testaceous, the outermost fascia united posteriorly with a bright purplish fascia, the two including a grevish spot ; apical area more or less fuscous ; wings fuliginous, the veins piceous ; vertex long, as long as breadth between eyes, moderately globose, with a central ill-defined longitudinal ridge, excavate on each side near eyes; face globose, the central area flattened, the lateral areas ridged ; pronotum with a central arcuate ridge before the anterior margin. Long excl."tegm., 9. 9' mm. Exp. tegm:. 21 mim, Hab.—Java (Horsfield Coll. ; Brit. Mus.). e) T. trita, Walk., is allied to this species. Tettigoniella mouhoti, sp. nov. Testaceous ; two spots on apical margin of vertex and a cen- tral elongated spot at its base, three rounded spots to pronotum— one before middle of anterior margin, the other two wide apart on basal margin; four spots to scutellum—three on basal margin, one discal and rounded before apical area, a spot at base of tegmina, a transverse fascia to face before clypeus; large spots to sternum, coxe, apices of femora and tibiee, the tarsi, and abdomen beneath black ; abdominal margins beneath, the two apical segments excluding central spots, and the anal segment ochraceous or tes- taceous; apical area of tegmina inwardly extended to apex of clavus obscure subhyaline ; wings black ; vertex long, obliquely rounded anteriorly, about as long as breadth between eyes, cen- trally basally somewhat flattened, the lateral margins moderately broadly deflexed ; face very broadly centrally flattened, the lateral areas transversely striate; pronotum transversely arcuately de- pressed a little in front of middle ; scutellum transversely impressed before apical area. Long incl, tegim., @ , 16 mim. Hab.—Siam (Mouhot; Brit. Mus.). T. elongata, Walk., trom Borneo ts an allied species. Tettigomella whiteheadi, sp. nov. (Pl. vill, figs. 9, ga.) Head, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath and legs strami- neous or very pale ochraceous ; vertex with two small central spots on apical margin, a cordate spot at middle of basal margin, and a spot on each lateral margin between eyes and apex, black ; mar- gins of central area to face, black ; pronotum with a central longi- tudinal black fascia which is attenuated on the anterior area ; scutellum with a central longitudinal black fascia which does not quite reach apex; apices of tarsi piceous ; tegmina milky-white, most of the veins piceous, claval sutural margin black; vertex b 1908. | Records of the [Indian Museum. 143 somewhat convex, rather obliquely rounded in front, transversely impressed in front of eyes ; pronotum nearly twice as long as vertex, transversely striate, with a discal angulate impression a little before anterior margin ; scutellum lunately impressed before apical area ; face centrally broadly flattened, the lateral areas finely transverselv striate; tegmina practically smooth, very indistinctly finely wrinkled. Long incl. tegm. II mm. Hab.—-Philippines (Whitehead ; Brit. Mus.). Allied to T. nigrilinea, Stal. Tettigomella wallacet, sp. nov. (Pl. viii, figs. 10, Toa.) Head, pronotum, scutellum, sternum and legs pale ochraceous ; abdomen beneath orange-yellow ; ocelli black ; tegmina subhyaline, the veins yellowish ; claval sutural margin black, which is piceously continued about half-way to apex; vertex broadly transverse rounded in front ; pronotum arcuately impressed before anterior inargin ; face centrally discally longitudinally flattened, the lateral areas strongly transversely striate. Long incl. tegm. 6 mm. Hab.—Malay Archipelago ; Mysol (Wallace ; Brit. Mus.). Genus BHANDARA. Bhandara, Dist., Faun, Brit. Ind, Rhynch., iv, p. 221 (1907). Type B. semiclara, Sign. Bhandara savawakensts, sp. nov Vertex, pronotum, scute'lum and tegmina black; body be- neath and legs pale ochraceous ; base, sometimes basal two-thirds of face, and the lateral striations to same, a large spot on each side of mesosternum, apices of tibiz, the tarsi and margins of anal seg- ment, black or piceous; lateral margins of vertex and inner mar- gins of eyes ochraceous (in some specimens this character is barely discernible) ; vertex broad, transverse, rounded in front, broadly foveately excavate at middle of basal area, also foveately impressed on each side near inner margins of eyes ; pronotum very indistinctly transversely wrinkled, with a short transverse discal arcuate im- pression near anterior margin; scutellum transversely impressed before apical area which is slightly gibbous, the extreme apex linearly acute ; tegmina only finely wrinkied, the apical half of costal area and the apicai margin brownish ; face centrally broadly flattened, its lateral areas strongly transversely striate. oueaueltegm.,. 2 , 14 1m, Hab.—Borneo ; Sarawak (Sheliord; Brit. Mus.). Bhandara picturata, sp. nov. (Pl. viii, figs. 18, 18a.) Vertex black, a somewhat large flavescent spot on each lateral margin and the inner margins of eyes of the same colour ; pronotum i44 W. L. Distant: Rhynchota Malayana. [Vous TE black with a large inwardly subangulate flavescent spot on each Ja- teral area ; scutellum black; thelateral areas of mesonotum flaves- cent ; abdomen reddish ochraceous, a transvetse basal spot and the greater part of the disk longitudinally black, a series of black spots on connexivum ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, a black spot on each side of mesosternum, and a large basal triangular black spot to face; tegmina reddish-ochraceous, a large pale spot’ on clavus broadly black at each end, and the veins within it also black; a discal black spot beyond middle, and a large black spot crossing tegmen near apex and which is broadly widened on the inner margin; wings dark fuliginous, paler on costal area; vertex with three prominent foveations on basal area, the central foveation largest and ovate and situate between the ocelli; face finely transversely carinate on each lateral area. Long excl. tegm., 9, Ir mm. Exp. teem. 25 mm. ) Hab.—Malay Peninsula ; Perak (Doherty). i Genus KOLLA. Kolla, Dist., Faun. Brit, Ind. Rhynch:, tv; p:223: (1907): Type K. insignis, Dist. Kolla polita (Tab. fig. 14a). Tettigonia polita, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 168 (1857). ; Hab.—Borneo. Genus SPHINCTOGONIA. Sphinctogonia, Bredd., Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle, xxiv, p. 128 (1901). Type S. guttivitta, Walk. Sphinctogonia guttivitta. Tettugonia guitivitta, Walk., Journ Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 301 (1860). Sphinctogonia guincuncula, Bredd., Abh. Nat. Ges. Halle, xxiv, p. 128 (1901). Hab.—Celebes. Sphinctogonia lineolata, (PI. viii, figs. 16, 16a.) Tettigonia lineolata, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 167 (1857). Hahb.—Borneo. Sub-fam. Gyponine (2). Genus Dona, gen. nov. Vertex longer than broad between eyes, centrally strongly longitudinally carinate, strongly foveate at inner margins of eyes, ocelli placed submarginally just in front of eyes; antenne long and slender, above half the length of body ; face elongate, longer than broad, slightly gibbous, sinuate at inner margins of eyes ; pronotum moderately convex, anteriorly deflected, centrally, longitudinally strongly ridged, base concavely sinuate on each side, lateral margins very slightly rounded, posterior angles shortly 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 145 spinous, anterior margin a little excavate for the reception of the head ; scutellum broad, subtriangular, about as long as broad at base, transversely impressed before apical area which is centrally longitudinally carinate; tegmina long and narrow, much longer than abdomen, valvate beyond clavus, three long apical cells, one or more small subapical cells beyond clavus (inconstant in number) ; legs very robust, excluding posterior femora longly spinulose, posterior femora strongly broadened and spinulose at their apices, tibice moderately flattened and sulcate beneath. Type D. laudata, Dist. I have placed this genus provisionally in the Gyponine. Doda laudata, sp. nov. (Pl. vil, figs. 9, 9a.) Vertex, pronotum and scutellum black finely mottled with ochraceous, vertex more or less anteriorly ochraceous ; pronotum with a greyish spot on the central carination ; scutellum with a spot on each lateral margin and the apex greyish white, body beneath and legs black, basal area of face margined with ochraceous, and with two small greyish spots at base; anterior femora obscurely spotted with dull ochraceous beneath ; tegmina black, largely spot- ted with white, the largest spots on costal and inner margins, some minute reddish-ochraceous spots on disk ; wings pale fuliginous. Long excl. tegm. 5 mm.; incl. tegm. 84 mm. Hab.—Siam, Malay States; Bukit Besar (Annandale and Robinson ; Brit. Mus.), Borneo; Kuching (Hewitt). Sub-fam. Jassine,! Genus HECALUS. Hecalus, Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4), iv, p. 65 (1864). Type H. paykullt, Stal. Hecalus parvus. Ledva parva, Walk., List Hom., iii, p. 828 (1851). Selenocephalus parva, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh., 1862, p. 494. Hab.—Hongkong. Genus DABRESCUS. Dabrescus, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh., 1870, p. 738. Type D. remotus, Walk. Dabrescus tneffectus. : Bythoscopus ineffectus, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., p. 266 (1858). Hab.—North China. Dabrescus metallicus. (Pl. viii, figs. 12, 12a.) Bythoscopus metallicus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., 1, P22 7G. (1957). Hab.—Borneo. | Including the Acocephaline. 140 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malayana. [ Voie Dabrescus letisigna. Bythoscopus letisigna, Walk., Journ. Tinn. Soc. Lond. Zool., 1, p. 174 (1857). Hab.—Borneo. Dabrescus negrilinea. Bythoscopus nigrilinea, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., 1 p- 174 (1857), Hab.--Borneo. Dabrescus costalis. (Pl. viti, figs. 8, 8a.) Vertex ochraceous, the anterior margin narrowly black, and a transverse linear piceous spot before each eye ; pronotum brownish ochraceous with thickly placed fine paler rugolosities ; scutellum dull obscure pale brownish ; abdomen above _ piceous brown, base and apex of apical segment ochraceous, anal segment black; face pale castaneous, basal margin darker, followed by a transverse ochraceous line extended between the upper margins of eyes, the inner margins of eyes also ochraceous; cheeks piceous, their margins ochraceous ; sternum piceous, its lateral margin broadly sulphur-yellow ; abdomen beneath and legs ochraceous ; tegmina pale brownish ochraceous, venation a little darker, costal margin ochraceous beneath which the costa! area is piceous brown, a large greyish white costal spot before apex, apical margin fuscous brown : wings pale fuliginous with the veins darker. Long excl. tegm.; 2 ;-6 mm. - Exp:-tegm. 16 mm. Hab.—Borneo ; Kuching (Hewitt). Genus TARTESUS. Tartessus, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh., 1865, p. 156. Type T. ferrugineus, Walk. Tartessus antecedens. Bythoscopus antecedens, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p- 316 (1860). Bythoscopus bimarginatus, Walk., loc. cit., p. 318. Hab.—Morty ; New Guinea ; Ceram. This may prove to be but a synonym of T. fieberi, Stal, from Mysol. Tartessus polygrammus. (PI. viii, figs. 11, IIa.) Bythoscopus polygrammus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p, 317 (1869). Hab.—N. Guinea ; Morty. Tartessus bistriga. Bythoscopus bistriga, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. I,ond. Zool., x. Pp. 317 (1869). Lariessus concolor. Bythoscopus concolor, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x Pp. 317 (1869). Hab.—Mysol. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 147 Tartessus basivitta. Bythoscopus basivitta, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x p. 318 (1860). Bythoscopus luteatus, Walk., loc. cit., p. 319. Hab.—Waigiou ; Mysol ; Sula. Tartessus dimidiatus. Bythoscopus dimidiatus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x p. 319 (1869). Hab.—Dorey. Tartessus colligatus. Bythoscopus colligatus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., x p. 319 (1869). Hab.—New Guinea. Tartessus flavibasis. Bythoscopus flavibasis, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x p. 320 (1869). Hab.—Aru. Tartessus diaphanus. Bythoscopus diaphanus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p- 321 (1860). Hab.—New Guinea. Tartessus cupretpenms. Bythoscopus cupreipennis, Walk., Journ. Linn. Son Lond. Zool., % py 321. (1860): Hab.—New Guinea. Tartessus scabrifrons. Bythoscopus scabrifrons, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, 321 (1860). Hab.—New Guinea. Tartessus badius. Bythoscopus badius, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x p. 321 (18690). Hab.—New Guinea. Tartessus semivenosus. Bythoscopus semivenosus, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., X, p. 322 (1869). Hab.—Celebes. Genus BORDURIA, gen. nov. General shape and form of Tartessus but differing by the face which is sub-elongately rounded, foveately depressed, and with its margins ridged ; tegmina veined as in Tartessus. Type B. impressa, Walk. Borduria invpressa. (PI. viii, figs. 13, 13a.) ae aed impressus, W alk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., , p. 322 (1869). Hab B atchian. 148 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malayana. [ VOL. i; Genus NORSIANA, nom. nov. Norsia, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 326 (1869), nom. proce. Type N. flavidorsum, Walk. ‘“ Body slender. Head as broad as the thorax ; vertex arched, nearly twice as broad as long ; front flat, nearly horizontal, beneath the vertex. Seta of the antenne rather shorter than the body. Scutum much arched’ (Walker). Vertex with a distinct central impressed line, ocelli on anterior margin close to eyes; face narrowing to clypeus ; pronotum with the lateral margins a little angulated, anteriorly convexly arched between the eyes, posteriorly truncate ; scutellum flattened, transverse, a little deflected to the transverse impression before apical area; legs slender, posterior tibiz longly spinose; tegmina with four apical and two narrow anteapical cells. Norsiana flavidorsum (pl. vii, figs. 12, 12a). Norsia flavidorsum, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 326 (1869) ; dilecta, Walk., MS. Hab.—Mysol (Wallace ; Brit. Mus.) ; ) N. Guinea. A specimen labelled di/ecta, Walk., from New Guinea is in the British Museum, but I have been unable to trace its description. The species described by Walker as Norsia fulvescens is not a Jassid at all. Genus JASSUS. Jassus, Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., p. 85 (1803). Celidia, Germ., Mag. Ent., iv, p. 75 (1821). Type J. nervosus, Fabr. Jassus glabra. Tettigonia glabra, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 168 (1857). Hab.—-Borneo. Jassus inclinans. Tettigoma inclinans, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 169 (1857). Celidia cupraria, Walk., loc. cit., p. 173. Celidia marginifrons, Walk., loc. cit., x, p. 310 (1869). Hab.—Borneo ;_ Mysol. Jassus albisigna. Celidia allisigna, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Iond. Zool., i, p. 173 (1857). Hab.—Borneo. Jassus pardalts. Celidia pardalis, Walk., Journ. Iinn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 173 (1857). Hab.—Borneo. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 149 Jassus dirigens, Cehdia dirigens, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p. 172 (1857). Tettigoma multipars, Walk., List Hom. Suppl., p. 220 (1858). Hab.—Borneo ; Hongkong. Jassus guttivena. Celidia guttivena, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., i, p.. 99 (1856). Hab.—Malacca. Jassus punctivena. Celidia punctivena, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., 1, Pp. 99 (1856). Hab.—Malacca. Jassus diversus. Celudia diversa, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 309 (1869). Hab.—Mysol; New Guinea; Waigiou. Jassus piceus. Celidia picea, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 309 (1860). : Hab.—Mysol. Jassus subnotatus. . Celidia subnotata, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 309 (1869). Hab.—Mysol. Jassus verticalts. Celidia verticalis, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 310 (1869). Hab.—New Guinea. Jassus cantfascia. Celidia cantfascia, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, Dees (1860); Hab.—Morty. Jassus inscriptus. Celidia inscripta, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, P23rr (1860), Hab.—Aru ; New Guinea. Jassus lutetfascia. Celidia luteifascia, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 311 (1869). Celidia unifasciata, Walk., loc. cit., p. 313. Hab.—Mysol. Jassus rufivena. Celidia rufivena, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 312 (1860). Hab.—-Gilola, Sula. < 150 W. L. DISTANT: Rhynchota Malayana. [Vou. Ib, Jassus albipes. Celidia albipes, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 312 (1860). Hab.—New Guinea. Jassus subapicalts. Celidia subapicalis, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 312 (18609). Hab.---Mysol. Jassus rosetfascia. Celidia roseifascia, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x p. 315 (1869). Celidia selecta, Walk., loc. cit. Celidia guttulosus, Walk., MS. Hab.—Mysol; Sula. Jassus maculiceps. Celidia maculiceps, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x p. 315 (18609). Hab.—Batchian. Jassus testaceus. Celidia testacea, Walk., Journ. Tinn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 315 (1869). Hab.—Mysol. Jassus guitatus. Celidia guttata, Walk., Journ. Tinn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. ue) (1869). Celidia sexguttata, Walk., loc. cit., p. 314. Var. Celidia terminalis, Walk., lec. cit., p. 314. Hab.—Mysol; New Guinea. dhe Var. aie Walk., has the tegmina Pere white spots, but their apices whitish as in the typical forms. Jassus brevis. Tetttgonia brevis, Walk., List Hom., ii, p. 774 (1851). Celidia brevis, Stal, Oty, Vet.-Ak. Férh., 1862, p. 494. Hab. —Hongkong. Jassus dubia. Tettigonia? dubia, Walk., List Hom., iti, p. 781 (1851) Calidia dubia, Stal, Ofv. Vet-Ak. Forh, 1862, p. 494. Hab. —Philippines. Jassus leucomelana. Celidia leucomelana, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x p> 313. (2860). Hab.—Mysol. y Species in a more or less mutilated condition. Jassus ? dorsimacula. Celidia dorsimacula, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x p- 314 (1860). Hab.—New Guinea. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 151 Jassus ? aurulenta. Celidia aurulenta, Walk., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., x, p. 316 (1860). Hab.—Morty. Genus SCAPHOIDEUS. Scaphoideus, Uhler, Trans. Maryl. Ac. Sci., 1888, p. 33. Type S. immistus, Say. Scaphoideus literatus, sp. nov. (PI. vii, fig. 4.)] Vertex greyish white, crossed in front of eyes with a transverse undulated black fascia, posterior margin of this fascia and inner margin of eyes purplish red, a rounded black spot at apex; pronotum dull greyish, the anterior margin and two transverse discal spots ochraceous ; scutellum ochraceously spotted on basal half, the apical half greyish white ; face flavescent, with numerous transverse black lines, the basal margin narrowly white; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, posterior tibia spotted with black; tegmina pale flavescent, the veins piceous, two white spots on claval suture, two white spots at base of clavus, two discal white spots, and a spot of the same colour near apex of costal margin, apex greyish margined with piceous; vertex strongly angulate anteriorly, longer than breadth between eyes. Long incl. tegm. 44 mm. Hab.—Borneo; Kuching (Hewitt). Sane a ca ce ce Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. II. Horace Knight, del. OP CoN Plate VII. DINDA MAURA. ELASMOGNATHUS HEWETTI. LORA INCLYTA. SCAPHOIDEUS LITERATUS. AUFIDUS SPECTABILIS. DINOMACHUS FUSUS. = te 7 Z PP! > Bit Re West, Newman proc. HILDA MALAYENSIS. COLSA MATANGA. DODA LAUDATA. EUCLOVIA CONVEXA. CHUNRA GIGANTEA. NORSIA FLAVIDORSUM. —_" . . —_ 7 Plate VIII. Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. II. a a cape ea Newman proc. West, Horace Knight, del. IMPRESSA. KOLLA POLITA. 7. TETTIGONIELLA ANNANDALEI. BORDURIA 8. DABRESCUS COSTALIS. 9 ERICHSONI TIMORENSIS. TETTIGONIELLA TAMBORENSIS. i De 3 TETTIGONIELLA RAMANA. TETTIGONIELLA WHITEHEADI Lanne eer een eps eee ee ee ee ‘ ‘accu a - - eee “ 7 ' = a i > ‘ > ; : : = “e : s " - > 7 5 ad = z XVIL—CIMEX ROTUNDATUS, SIGNORET. By Captain W.S. Patton, 1.M.S., Membre Correspondant, Société de Pathologie Exotique (anor King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Madras. A reference to the extensive literature on the bed-bug would lead one to suppose there was nothing new to be learnt about this= imsecty but «Mr- A. Arséne Girault,’* who is at present compiling a complete bibliography of the bed- bug, some five hun- dred odd papers, states that the majority of the accounts are of little value and are merely re-c mpilations; it is, however, sur- prising to find that erroneous statements regarding the habits of _ this pest still exist in modern text-books on parasitology. ‘These errors are obviously due to the fact that the writers have compiled their information from old and faulty sources and have not themselves verified the statements of the earlier entomologists. I’ recently pointed out that in addition to the misleading and loose statements regarding the habits of this insect, very little was known of the species associated with man. Medical men and others who have conducted experiments with the bed-bug often speak of it by a general name, dug in English, Wanze in German, and punaise in French; the conclusions drawn from such experi- ments must therefore lead to confusion, and very little value can be attached to them. The reason for this inaccuracy is not far to seek: Cimex lectularius, Linnezeus, is the only well-known species ; Cimex ciliatus, Eversmann, Cimex rotundatus, Signoret, and Cimex macrocephalus, Fieber, are so imperfectly known that the majority of investigators take it for granted that Cimex lectularius is the only bed- bug, the others being very doubtful species ; for this reason the scientific name is often omitted. Two years ago, when conducting my experiments on the bed- bug of Madras, I considered it was Cimex lectularvus, Linneeus, as the only available literature “ on the subject described this bug as occurring throughout British India and Ceylon; while Comex macro- cephalus, Fieber, was only known from Bhamo(Burma). As the des- cription of lectularius did not, however, tally with that of the Madras bug, I obtained some living specimens of /ectularius, Linneeus, from i A. Arséne Girault, Psyche, June-August 1905, December 19c5, April-June 1906; Journal of the American Medical Association, July 14, 1908; ‘‘A Biblio- graphy of the Bed-bug, Czmex lectulavius, Linneus,’’ Zoologische Annalen, 1908. 2 Patton, Indian Medical Gazette, February 1907. 3 Distant, Fauna of British India—Rhynchota, vol. i. 154 W.S. PATTON: Cimex rotundatus, Signoret. [V Ons London, and at once found the local bug was not the same. About that time I sent some specimens to Mr. Distant, who kindly informed me they were macrocephalus, Fieber. In order, therefore, to find out whether Jectularius did really occur in India, I obtained, through the civil and medical authorities, a very large collection of bugs from all parts of India, Burma, Assam, and the Malay Archipelago. As a result of the examination of these specimens it was found the Indian bed-bug was macrocephalus, and that lectularius, as far as I was able to ascertain, is limited to the North-West Frontier Province and the Kurram Valley. In the recent Enzlish edition of Braun’s work, macrocephalus is not mentioned, but ro/undatus, the bed-bug of the Island of Réunion, is described as a variety of lectularvius. On reading Signoret’s ! description of votundatus, I was struck with some important differences between it and Jectularius : in fact Signoret gave an exact description of macrocephalus. Dr. Barbeau, Director of the Medical and Health Departments of the Island of Mauritius, to whom I applied for bed-bugs, kindly sent me a valuable collection from the Island, and through his French colleagues obtained many hundreds from Réunion. I was thus able to settle with certainty that the bed-bug of Mauritius and Réunion is identical with macrocephalus of Fieber; and as Signoret © described it before Fieber, I have adopted the name Cimex rotunda- tus for the Indian bed-bug. Continuing my investigations of the two species Jectulavius and votundatus, I have found that the former is distributed chiefly throughout the temperate zones while the latter is a tropical or subtropical species. I have recently had votundatus sent to me from the West Indies where, as in the case of Mauritius, it was most probably introduced by Indian coolies ; it also occurs in the Congo (specimens kindly sent me by jBae- C. Wellmann) and Sierra Leone. As is well known, the family Cimictde@, which contains four genera—Csmex, Eciacus, Cocadumus, and Hematosiphon—belongs to the Heteroptera, a sub-order of the Rhynchota, and comes between the two families Phymatide and Ceratocombide. The genus Cimex con- tains four species—-Cimex lectularius, Linneeus; Cimex votundatus, Signoret ; Cimex columbarius, Jenyns; and Cimex pipistrelli, Jenyns. All the species have the following characters : They are flat, reddish- brown insects, with a short, broad head containing two large eyes but no ocelli. The thorax, or more correctly the prothorax, is semilunar in shape, with its anterior angles extended ; the elytra or wing pads are rudimentary, and lie over the metathorax. The abdomen consists of seven segments and an eighth or anal appendage; the legs are slender, the anterior tibiae more than three times as long as the tarsi, which are three-jointed. ‘The proboscis is fiexed in a groove beneath the head and prothorax. Cimex rotundatus, Signoret (plate xiii, figs. 1 and 2), is of a dark mahogany colour, and differs from the type species lectulartus, | Signoret, V., ‘‘ Notice sur quelq. Hémipt. nouv.,” Annales Soc. Entomol. France, 1852, x, p- 539. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 155 Tinneeus (figs. 3 and 4), in the following respects: zts head is not as long or as broad as that of lectulatius ; tts prothorax, which ts also nar- rower and shorter, 1s rounded to the margin, and quite unlike that of the type species, whose prothovax is raised in the centre but flattened abruptly at a line a little beyond the level of the eyes. The abdomen of Cimex rotundatus zs less orbiculay and byvoadest at the second segment, whereas that of lectularius 7s broadest at the third segment. These are the chief points by which the two bugs can be distin- guished, and a reference to the drawings accompanying this paper will at once help anyone to identify them. Mr. Maxwell-Lefroy,! in a recent paper, doubts the validity of the two species lectularius and votundatus, and states their distribution is imperfectly known. I can only refer him to the typical specimens I have sent him and to my paper on the distribution of the two species. I have not yet seen Cimex ciliatus, Eversmann, which is said to occur in Russia (Kasan); Eversmann’s* description suggests Cimex columbarius, jenyns. Cimex rotundatus, Signoret, is chiefly associated with man; but I have had a number of specimens taken in Madras from the yellow bat Scotophilus kuhl:, which also harboured Cimex prpistrelli, Jenyns ; the latter species, as far as I am aware, has not been recorded from India before. The Indian bed-bug, I find, willfeed on any animal in the absence of man, and I once placed some on the small Pipis- trelle, P. abramus, which always roosted in one particular part of a punkah in my study. The bugs, after gorging, left the bat and secreted themselves in the punkah, returning to the bat when it came back early in the morning. The host relations of this bug are therefore of some importance. Czimex rotundatus breeds through- out the year in India and abounds in all native houses and other places frequented by natives, such as Government offices, tram- cars, railway stations and carriages. The bugs are carried about in clothes, bedding, books and furniture. The habits and _ life- history are at present being investigated, as well as the best method of destroying the bugs; and the results, I hope, will be communicated later. I shall always be glad to get specimens of bed-bugs from India and other parts of the world; the distribution of J/ectularius in North India requires to be worked out more carefully as well as that of rotundatus in Africa where Kala Azar.exists. Bugs are best sent alive in a little tin box, the lid of which has been per- forated ; dead bugs must be put into spirit. | Maxwell-Lefroy, A preliminary account of the biting flies of India, 1907. Eversmann, E., ‘‘ Quedam insectorum species nove,” Bullétin Soc. Impér. Nat., Moscow, 1841, Xiv. HXPLANATION OF PEATE XIII. Fic. 1.—Cimex rotundatus, Sign., 7 , from Madras, x 8. 2.—Cimex rotundalus, Sign, ° , from Burma, X 8. 3.—Cimex lectularius, Tinn., #», from Kurram, North India, x 8. 4.—Cimex lectularius, Linn., @ , from London, x 8. 5.—Ventral surface of Cimex rotundatus, showing the flexed position of the proboscis, X I3. Figures I to 4 are drawn from accurate measurements of fresh specimens. Ree. Ind. Mus.Vol.1I, 1908. Plane ED mene feNN FTN Fig. 3. Upto pare Edith M. Patton del. A.C.Chowdharyv. Lith. : ws ? : i ; Fa +" . : : . ey , ‘ : t . 7 7 : ‘ : ‘ : . 5 a ' . ‘ : ' 7 7 ' . - > ’ af a 7 . . - a a) . a2... ‘ \ ; rn) , cs : ‘ . Us : , B wt 1 \ a 7 ‘ 1 ; ' os F A hn \ ony 1 ‘ : . u} . , | , ‘ . i 5 , P : : ‘ ‘ : ’ ‘ - ¥ —) é ‘ 7 J Fi | 2 ; : 5 ; Nay : : ; f c . ; 5 . ‘ ' : : i ‘ ‘ 7 1 : 1 " ri ' ’ 1 ‘ : A . j : : P f A : A q 7 : ? i ) 7 ‘ : 7 4 7 ; i . : ‘ : 7 7 ‘ ar ‘ ? 4 : . 7 : . f : 1 D : ' 7 . a . : 5 1 * A . : 7 ‘ . & : 7 . “ § : ' : i © i ' w, F ; : . : : ‘ . are . c : . : ni ' . . 7 ' ' , aw . E ' r = f ' . : 7 ; ay G7 ; : XVII.—NOTES ON FRESHWATER SPONGES. By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum. IX.—PRELIMINARY NOTICE OF A COLLECTION FROM BuRMA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF Tubella. The collection, of which this paper forms a preliminary account, was made by myself and a native collector in Rangoon and in the Amherst district of Tenasserim during the latter half of February and the first half of March of the present year. The following species were found :— Spongilla proliferens, mihi, in ponds at Rangoon and in a lake at Kawkareik, Amherst district. cartert, Bwk., in ponds at Rangoon and (gemmules) . on the surface of the lake at Kawkareik. Ephydatia indica, mihi, in the Moulmein waterworks and in a jungle pool near Kawkareik. Trochospongilla latouchtana, mihi, in the lake at Kawkareik. phillottiana, mihi, in a jungle pool near Kaw- kareik. Tubella vesparioides, sp. nov., in the Kanghyi( ‘‘ great pond”’ ) at Mudon, near Moulmein, Amherst district. JB) Sfp) 66 The only other form known from Burma is Kirkpatrick’s Spongslla loricata var. burmanica, which was described in the last number of these Records (vol. ii, p.97). Thus, five out of the seven species now known from the province are also common in Lower Bengal, while only two, both widely distributed forms, have been found in Western India. The new species of Tubella, of which a diagnosis follows, is closely related to T. vesparium (Martens) from Borneo, differing from this species in its smooth, amphioxous skeleton spicule and in the deeply indented rotule of its gemmule spicule. Tubella vesparioides, sp. nov. Closely related to T. vesparium (Marts.). Sponge massive, without branches, hard but brittle, almost black in colour (dry); the surface covered with a network of stout spic- ule fibres, the interstices of which are more or less deeply sunk, with sharp fibres projecting vertically upwards at the nodes; the whole mass pervaded by a similar network, which is composed of a considerable number of spicules lying parallel to one another, overlapping at the ends and bound together by a profuse secretion of spongin. Skeleton spicules rather 158 N. ANNANDALE: Notes on Freshwater Sponges. [VOL. II, 1908.] stout, smooth, amphioxous, bent in a wide arc or, not infre- quently, at an angle. No true flesh spicules. Gemmule spicules terminating above in a rounded, knoblike structure and below in a relatively broad, flat rotule, which is very deeply and irregularly indented round the edge when ma- ture, the spicule having the form of a sharp pin with a round head at an earlier stage of development; shaft of adult spicules projecting slightly below the rotule, long, slender, generally armed with a few stout conical spines, which stand out at right angles to it. Gemmules numerous throughout the sponge, spherical, provided with a short, straight foraminal tubule, surrounded by one rowof spicules, which are embedded in a rather thin granular coat. Average length of skeleton spicule -. -O°316° mnt, ,, breadth of skeleton spicule a OTOI35 8. ,, length of gemmule spicule ss O7040- 5, ., diameter of rotule 3 ==) 40 0162 >) es diameter of gemmule .. Pca 0 AAOT. vee XVIII.—ON: THE F-RUII BATS OF -THE GENUS PiecROPUS TLNHABLITING THE AeND A NL ANS AN DN ECO BAR AR CET? B- RAGOS; WITH THE - DESCRIPTION -OF A ONE WS: PE ChE; By Gro. E. MASON. Having recently had occasion to examine the species of Ptevo- pus recorded from the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelagos, with the object of ascertaining what may be regarded as established facts respecting the differentiation and distribution of the recog- nised forms, and finding, as the result of my studies, that many of the doubtful references in relation to the synonymy of the several species are not only thereby corrected, but have likewise furnished much additional data in respect to their range of distribution, I have, upon careful consideration, deemed it expedient to place on record the conclusions at which I arrived, the liberal material at my command having offered exceptional opportunities for the carrying out of this object. One species hitherto confounded with the large Malayan Kalong I have been obliged to describe as new. Five well-defined and characteristic species of Ptevopus are now known to occur in the Nicobar and Andaman Archipelagos, three of them, we may conclude, being peculiar to the islands, and the remaining two only occurring as stragglers; one of these latter species, viz., Pteropus celeno ( = edulis), however, should possibly be regarded as a regular migrant during the monsoons. = Pteropus melanotus, Blyth. 1846. Pteropus edulis, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xv, p. 367. 1861. Pteropus nicobaricus, Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. Math. Natur- wissensch. Cl. Kats. Akad. Wissensch., Wien, xiii (1860), p. 389, 1861 (nomen nudum). 1863. Pteropus melanotus, Blyth, Cat. Mammal. Mus. Asvat. Soc. Bengal, p. 20 (nomen nudum). 1869. Pteropus nicobaricus, Zelebor, Reise der Oesterreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., i (Wirbelthiere), 1, Mamm., p. ITI. From a brief passage occurring in one of a series of letters ' written by the Rev. John Gottfried Haensel, a missionary of the 1 Letters on the Nicobar Islands, their Natural Productions, and the Manners, Customs, and Superstitions of the Natives, etc., etc. Addressed by the Rev. John Gottfried Haensel (the only surviving missionary), to the Rev. C. J. Latrobe, 18 12. 160 GEO. E. MASON: Fruit-eating Bats. (VoL. II, Church of the United Brethren, descriptive of the ethnology and natural productions of the Nicobar Islands, observed during a residence of eight years in the group (1779-1787), and also from the widely scattered .references to be met with in the journals of later observers, we have long known that the rank and luxuriant forests which clothe a greater part of the numerous islands comprising this archipelago, have afforded subsistence to at least one representative of the family of large frugivorous bats belonging to the genus Ptervopus. Fitzinger, however, in 1861 (Sitzungsb. Wien Akad., p. 389) was the first writer to recognise this bat as a distinct species by name, specimens having reached Vienna, together with other material collected in Car-Nicobar by the naturalists attached to the Austrian exploratory expedition of the frigate ‘‘ Novara’ in 1858. Although Fitzinger assigned the name of Pteropus mnicobaricus to this bat, no details of the specific characters which constituted the species were given until Zelebor ' published his exhaustive, though scarcely diagnostic, description in 1869. It should, however, be remembered that prior to the publication of Fitzinger and Zelebor’s name and description, specimens of the samie Nicobarian bat had been deposited in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal so long ago as 1846 by Captain H. Lewis, the examples being contained in a collection made during a cruise of the schooner ‘‘ I, Espiégle”’ in the previous year, amongst the islands of the Nicobar Archipelago; and this collection, supple- mented by additional material bequeathed to the Museum of the Society by the Rev. J. Barbe, formed together the subject of a paper by Blyth in the Journal of the Astatic Society of Bengal (vol. xv, 1846, p. 367), descriptive of the vertebrated fauna of the Nico- bar Islands; and we may here conveniently give the following transcription taken from his original description of the bats con- tained in the collection :— “* Pleropus edulis, Pt. javanicus, Horsf., etc., etc.—Three specimens are alike remarkable for having the throat and front of the neck black, the head blackish, the nape dull reddish-brown, the back shining black, flanks and vent dull black, and the rest of the under-parts dull reddish-brown, much paler in the centre.” The detailed form of this notice would lead us to infer that Blyth was constrained to include these specimens under this title, although the differentiation of the examples in form and colour must have strongly impressed him at the time he compiled his article. When seventeen years later he published the Catalogue of Mammalia in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1863), these original specimens of Captain Iewis’s received specific dis- tinction under the name of Pteropus melanotus. Immediately following the publication of the Catalogue, Dr. Frederick J. Mouat’s book of Adventures and Researches among the Andaman Islands was issued, with a zoological appendix contributed by Blyth; and in an | Reise dey Oester. Freg. Novara, Saugethiere, p. 11. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 161 introductory note we learn that a “‘ species’’ (of Pteropus) “‘is com- mon in the Nicobars which is styled Pteropus nicobaricus by the naturalists of the ‘Novara’ expedition, and Pt. melanotus in the Catalogue of the Mammala in the Museum of the Asiatic Society.” Proceeding, Mr. Blyth, in a succeeding passage, admits that he is unacquainted with the literature describing the discoveries of the Austrian expedition. Through the courtesy of Dr. Annandale, the Superintendent of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, I have been enabled to examine one of Captain Lewis’s specimens, which is also one of the originals of Blyth’s first and early description of 1846, and likewise the type specimen of his Pteropus’ melanotus of 1863. The example agrees perfectly in all its essential characters with the Pteropus nico- baricus described by Zelebor in 1869. Under these circumstances it is evident, therefore, Zelebor’s name can no longer be employed for this species, except as a synonym, having been for many years, as I have shown, superseded by the published description of Blyth in 1846. The species must, in consequence, now stand as Pteropus melanotus, Blyth. This revision is, I believe, in accord with the views of Dr. Gerrit Miller, Jr., who first directed attention to the ambiguousness of the earlier identifications. The bat described by Peters as Pteropus condorensis' has been referred by Dobson to this species (Monograph of the Astatic Chiroptera, 1876, p. 18). Although related to Pt. melanotus in some characters, it is quite a distinct and characteristic form, confined to the distant island of Pulo Condor in the China Sea, lying off the Annamese coast, about lat. 8° 40’ N., long. 106° 42’ E. Some of the small islands adjoining the Acheen coast of Sumatra (Pulo Way, Pulo Brasse, etc.) have, I think, been con- founded by Dobson with this far-off island, his references in the habitat given for Pteropus micobaricus in the Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera leading one to this inference. That these islands are inhabited by a species of Pteropus we possess ample evidence. It also occurs on the mainland, and what I take to be the same species has been recorded as far south as Nias Island. I cannot, however, agree as to the specific identity of these bats with Pter- opus melanotus (= nicobaricus), which, I think it will be found, is peculiar to the Nicobar group, while the Sumatran bat is a not yet differentiated species. To decide this point, however, it will be necessary to acquire a far larger and more representative collection of specimens than is at present available for study. Both male and female specimens of Pteropus melanotus closely resemble one another in the coloration of the fur, exhibiting but little variation from that which was so accurately recorded by Blyth,’ and described later, in much more detail, by Dr. G. Miller, Jr.,° differing greatly in this respect from the following species, 1 M. B. Akad., Berlin, 1869, p. 393. 2 Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xv, p. 367. 3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, p. 784. 162 GEO. E. MASON: Fruit-eating Bats. [VoL. II, about to be described, of which the two sexes might readily be mistaken at first sight for distinct species. TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS OF Ptevopus melanotus. | Oe Forearm Thumb. Ear from meatus. Ear frem crown. Tibia. Foot. Calcar. Fifth digit. Width of ear, Head and body. Second digit. Third digit. Fourth digit. Mm.|Mm. Mim. Mm. Mm,|Mm. Mm.|Mm.|Mm.|Mm./Mm./Mm.iMm. Blyth’s type| 266] 65 | 46 | 13 | 148) 65 | 110) 278] 215] 189] 28 | 23 | 15 (female). | | Male, Galatea| 273) 77 | 52 | 14 163] 72 | 116) 280) 225] 190) 30 | 25 | 18 River, Gt. Nico- | | | bar. | | | Female, Galatea | 283) 78 | 45 | 16 | 170 75 | 120) 293) 223) 202) 30 | 23 | 21 River, Gt. Nico- bar. | | Pteropus tytleri, sp. nov. Pteropus tytlert, Blyth, in litt. 1873. Pteropus nicobaricus, Dobson. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xlii, pt. 2, p. 198 (partim). 1876, Pteropus nicobaricus, Dobson, Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt., p. 17 (partim). 1878. Pteropus nicobaricus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M., p. 54 (partim). 1891. Pteropus nicobaricus, Blanford, Fauna brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 260 (partim). Again, quoting from the appendix to Dr. Mouat’s Adventures and Researches among the Andaman Islands (1863), p. 353, attention is directed by Blyth to the entire absence of any representative of the genus Pteropus in the Andaman group, although the species, Pteropus melanotus, as we have seen, is frequent on most of the islands comprised in the adjacent Nicobar Archipelago. In the year 1864, however, Lieut-Colonel R. C. Tytler, the Officiating Governor at the Port Blair Penal Settlement, who con- tributed largely to our knowledge of the fauna of the Archipelago during his term of residence, transmitted to the Museum of the Asiatic Society the first authentic specimens of an Andamanese Pteropus procured in the neighbourhood of the Settlement; and Blyth, who examined the specimens, found he was unable to refer them to any existing species of the genus, and accordingly adopted the MS. and unpublished name of Pteropus tytlert, for the species. The original labels, in Blyth’s handwriting, are still attached to the specimens. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 163 The present form is a most distinct and good species, bearing some resemblance to Pteropus celeéno in colour only ; and it is owing to this fact, I believe, its supposed identity with that well-known and widely distributed form has been generally accepted, and the specific distinction of the species so long ignored. As a matter of fact Pteropus celeno is only a straggler in the Nicobars, and appears to be absent altogether from the whole of the Andaman Islands, all re- cords which have come to us being really founded upon examples of the species now under discussion. From these circumstances it will not perhaps appear so much a matter of speculation that such a characteristic and well-defined type should have escaped earlier notice. Dobson, in his paper ‘‘On the Pteropide of India and its Islands” (Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xlii (1873), p. 198), very cor- rectly expressed much doubt as to whether he was not at fault in associating under the one name both the Nicobar and Andamanese bat; he even went so far as to submit examples to Professor Peters. The vague statement furnished by that authority ‘‘ that they agree in the form of the ear and feet’’ with Zelebor’s type in the Vienna Museum led him, we are told, to accept unreservedly this view also, and to unite the two forms. Had he had before him a representa- tive series of specimens he could scarcely have failed to realize the error of a conclusion based as it was upon such slight and unstable characters. This species is generally distributed among the islands of the Andaman group; the stretch of ocean known as Ten-Degree Chan- nel, separating Little Andaman from Car-Nicobar, forms its southern barrier. Dr. Anderson was in error when he extended its range to the Nicobars. Through the kindness of Dr. Annandale I have been enabled to examine the original skin, No. 92 f. of the Catalogue, which Anderson records as black, with the nape faintly chestnut, and as coming from the South Nicobars; it fortunately still retains Blyth’s label, and this shows Dr. Anderson wrongly transcribed the locality he attributed to it. The specimen is one which was con- tained in the original collection formed by Lieut.-Colonel Tytler, and is, like the rest of the examples in the series, from the Andamans, as the label testifies. Pteropus tytlert occurs on Barren Island, where it shows a tendency to deteriorate in size and further deviates from specimens collected in the type locality by having a light and conspicuous oval-shaped area of greyish hairs occupying the chest and stomach. ‘This is the first recorded instance, I be- lieve, of any species of Pteropus having been taken on Barren Island; the specimens were collected by Mr. B. B. Osmaston. Description of the type, an adult male (skin), collected on Rutland Island, South Andamans, March 5th, 1907, by Mr. B. B. Osmaston. Ears of medium length, naked, projecting much beyond the short fur; their anterior and posterior edges nearly equally con- cave, finishing with a bluntly-pointed tip. The whole of the head, 164 Geo. E. MASON: Fruit-eating Bats. Vou, throat and under parts deep black ; posterior back black, the fur closely adpressed, 40 mm. broad at the narrowest parts; muzzle black, sparingly covered with hair ; mantle conspicuous and well de- fined, adark canary, changing to orange at the margins and weakly developed orange-coloured tufts on shoulder glands. Fore-limbs and membranes nearly naked above, a few hairs only extending along the upper side of the humerus and forearm; upper and pos- terior sides of thighs very furry; lower legs naked. Below, the fur sparingly covers the antebrachial membrane, the humerus, femur, and the wing-membrane internal to them, and also passes along the outer side of the forearms in a narrow band of weakly-developed hair. The uropatagium membrane is well developed but entirely concealed by the fur between the knees and body. The general characters of the teeth are the same as in Pleropus melanotus,—strong and heavy, with well-developed basal cusps. Anterior upper premolar minute, other premolars produced horizon- tally, their length equal to once-and-a-half their breadth. Last molars above and below large and well developed, above more than one-half and below scarcely one-half of the penultimate molars. Anterior lower premolar of equal size to last molar, separated from the canine and next premolar by diastemata each equal to its own diameter. Skull.—Greatest length, 70 mm.; condylobasal length, 63; basilar length, 61; median palate length, 37; palatal breadth between anterior molars, 13 ; zygomata breadth, 36; least interor- bital breadth, 10°5; breadth between tips of postorbical processes, 28; greatest breadth of brain case above roots of zygomata, 23°8; greatest depth of brain case, 18; occipital depth, 12; depth of ros- trum at middle of diastema, 10; mandible, 58; maxillary tooth row exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 28; mandibular tooth row exclu- sive of incisors (alveoli), 31. The dimensions of this specimen will be found in the table of measurements. An old female from the type locality is intensely black through- out, the head inclined to greyish, and the mantle only very faintly distinguishable ; with other specimens it is more conspicuous, but in no case so strong in colour as the males. ‘The individual varia- tion in a Series is very great, scarcely any two being alike; a very young example, with head and body only 140 mm., shows the bright collar very clearly, which is produced and completely encir- cles the throat. A skin in my collection, from Little Jolly Boy Island, that was collected by Hume in 1873 and referred to Pt. nicobaricus, belongs to the present species. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 105 TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS OF Ptleropus tytleri. | | | | | a : | | Pe c 3 | | 5 2 | | 2 | essen cee) =e arian ch si] ds vy lr | | eR SS a S sh eae fee g eo eed GS Spec | eco | & ; eee fee aed a PE ic a Ac Heo a Poe Meese. lg g| 8 ee ieee ee | cnt | 7% ~ a> |> ee — Sib | obs + 6-1) |) 6) a] o | Pals |S (Gia |e |o | & a | ow | ep cle ee ee ete ee NS late oe ie if { t ee eoey| rie Mm.|Mm.|/Mm./Mm.}/Mm.Mm. Mm.|Mm.' Mm. Mm. Mm./Mm. Mm. | ie ey | ‘ Male (type) Rut- |:275)-68 |-46 {| 15 | 150) 70 | 113] 300} 237| 217! 34 |°29 |: 19 land Island. | | | | : | Female, ‘Rutland | 277| 74 | 48 | 14 | 148] 85 ~ 113] 299) 232) 209! 34 | 28 | I9 Island. | | No.. 92 f: Indian | 261):71 |:36 |.:12:|-125}-55 | 110} 300| 225] ..-|-32 | 237-}-16 Museum (Tytler, | | 1864). one | | ae | Male, Barren Is-| 250] 66 | 4o |.13 | 165] 66 | r1ro0, 283) 221| 197, 25} 20°. 17 land. | | Female, Barren | 257) 63 | 36 | 12 | 160 Island. | 55 | 105) 254 205] 190) 22 | 17 | I7 Pteropus celeno. 1758. Vespertio vampyrus, Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1, p. 31 (par- tim). 1804. Vespertio celeno, Hermann, Observ. Zool., I, p. 13. 1810. Pteropus edulis, Geoffroy, Ann. Mus., xv, p. 90. This species ranges throughout the Nicobar Island as a migrant, but has a very local distribution, arriving generally during April at the commencement of the south-west monsoon and leaving again about September. The naturalists attached to the ‘‘ Novara”’ expedition, however, met with it on Car-Nicobar during their stay in February and March, which shows a general exodus of the species does not take place. I have no record of this form extending its range into the Andamans, although I have made special enquiries for it. I examined a skull from the Mergui Archipelago which has been attributed to Pteropus nicobaricus ; it proved, however, to be a characteristic specimen of the species now under review. Pteropus medwus. 1827. Pteropus medius, Temm., Monog. Mammal., 1, p. 170. The Indian Flying Fox occurs in the Andamans as an occa- sional and rare straggler, and has only been met with at two points on North Andaman Island—Reef Inlet, and in the neighbourhood of Cape Price. It is, I believe, unknown in the Nicobar Archipelago. 166 GEO. E. MASON: Fruit-eating Bats. L[Vor. Il, tos. Pteropus faunulus. 1902. Pteropus faunulus, Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxiv, p. 785. I can add little to Dr. Miller’s excellent description of this in- teresting form. ‘The only specimen I have examined belongs to the same sex (male) as the type specimen, with which it closely agrees in all essential details. The forearm, however, measures 121 mm. Of the habits of this bat I could gain little information ; it feeds principally upon plantains, shaddock, and papaya, and only occurs in small parties of twos and threes. When disturbed it clings immovably to the under sides of the leaf or bough upon which it may be resting, showing no sign of life whenits means of support is violently disturbed, or the animal itself actually touched. In conclusion I beg to acknowledge the most kind assistance rendered me by Major W. Browning and Mr. B. B. Osmaston, and also by Dr. Lorenz, of the Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum, Vienna, who forwarded the type specimen of Pteropus nicobaricus to London for my inspection. SSS xox A ON We 5 BEC ES CO 5.UN-BIRD (ETH OPY GA) OBTAINED - NEAR DAR PL ENG BRL is ele eee Vin by T. Bentuam, Indian Museum. This specimen was shot by myself, together with two examples of Athopyga nepalensis (the Nepal Yellow-backed Sun-Bird), in the forest at Ghoom, near Darjiling. It differs in several strongly- marked points from 4. nepalensis. A coloured drawing of the specimen was submitted to Capt. Walton some time ago, and that gentleman, who is well known as an authority on the birds of Sikhim, said that in his belief the bird was probably a new species. I propose, therefore, to call it thopyga griseiceps, Benth. (the Lilac grey. Pa Grey-headed Sun-Bird), the grey head being the chief point in which it differs from other Indian Sun-Birds. The symmetry and regularity of the pale markings on the head and throat render it improbable that these markings are due to immaturity. \ Ly / Ki Nal AN : y's WN 108 T. BENTHAM: A new species of Sun-Bird. [VOL. II, 1908.] Description— Forehead and crown dull lilac-grey, each feather with a dull buff centre spot; nape, hind neck, chin and throat, metallic green ; sides of head dull black; a broad whitish grey moustachial streak on each side of the throat extending from the base of the bill to the yellow of the breast and dividing the green of the throat from the black of the side of the head. The rest of the plumage as in AE. nepalensis. Length 5°5”; tail 2°5”; wing 2°1 +; ; tarsus 55”; bill from gape ‘Q’ : XX. —-THREE INDIAN. PHYLACTOLAMATA. By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum. Plumatella bombayensis, sp. nov. Allied to P. tanganytke, Rousselet. Zocecia short, stout, with thick walls, closely adherent to and even embedded in solid objects, densely pigmented throughout, with astrong keel and furrow on their proximal half, almost triangu- lar in cross-section in this half, but oval in the distal half; their free extremity truncated, often oblique, sometimes trum- pet-shaped ; the walls of the zocecium irregularly annulated towards the distal end, and often constricted a short distance below the tip, the base of some zocecia irregularly inflated. The polypide with a small lophophore, which bears about thirty ee i > ee rk SN vem OQ y Spa a THES oO pj <— Fic. 1.—Part of a colony of P. bombayensis, x 16. tentacles ; base of the stomach rounded. Free statoblasts few, elongate, ‘often irregular in outline ; the swim-ring well developed and broad; the central capsule profusely and regularly tuber- culate. Fixed statoblasts broadly oval, surrounded by a chitinous ring which is often produced irregularly at several or many points and is devoid of reticulate markings. Habitat.—On lower surface of stones in a lake and pond at Igatpuri, Western Ghats, Bombay Presidency. November, 1907; N. Annandale Jeg. Often covering a considerable area; many of 170 N. ANNANDALE: Three Lndian Phylactolemata. |VOL. I, the zoaria dead and decomposed, in some only fixed statoblasts remaining. Iam by no means sure that this form is more than a local race of Mr. C. Rousselet’s P. tanganyike, of which, by the kind- ness of Mr. R. Kirkpatrick, I have been able to examine one of the types. I have, however, submitted a specimen of the Bombay form to Mr. Rousselet, who considers it quite distinct, suggesting that it may be related to Allman’s P. fruticosa, on account of a similarity in the measurements of the statoblasts he himself has examined. But what I call P. fruticosa is a slender species with more or less free colonies, a faintly tinted cuticle, and a rounded distal extremity to the zocecia; and in my diagnosis of this form I follow Allman’s figures (Mon. Freshwater Polyzoa, pl. vi). My new species possesses none of these characters and differs from P. tan- ganytke only in the following points: (1) its darker colour; (2) its strong keel, which gives its basal half almost a triangular outline in cross-section ; and (3) its possession of free statoblasts. It resembles the African species in characters perhaps more important, v2z., in its annulate and truncated zocecia and its habit of partially embed- ding its colonies in the substance to which it adheres. The truncate appearance of the zocecia is naturally most dis- tinct when the polypides are contracted. In this condition the zocecia apparently resemble those of P. philippinensis, Kraepelin, between which and the African form P. bombayensts is evidently in some respects intermediate. When the polypides are expanded it is seen that there is a much sharper division between the zocecium proper and what Allman calls the tentacular sheath than there is in most species of the genus, in which, as a rule, the chitinized cuticle fades away gradually at the distal extremity of the zocecium, giving place to a soft membrane. In P. bombayensis and P. tan- ganyike, however, and apparently in P. philipbpinensis also, the walis of the zocecium are unusually stout and terminate abruptly, the tentacular sheath and the parts immediately adjacent to them | being extremely delicate and collapsing completely when the polypide is drawn into the aperture.! In P. emarginata, which re- sembles these forms to some extent in the thickness of the walls of the zocecia, although the zocecia themselves have a much smaller diameter, the aperture is as a rule moreor less lateral, not terminal, and is approached by a distinct triangular patch of rather stout but almost transparent membrane situated on the upper surface of the zocecium, the tip of which is rounded even when the polypide is fully contracted. As I find that the statoblasts of the Indian forms of Plumatella do not afford, in their exact actual or proportional measurements, any sate specific criterion, I have purposely omitted to give measure- ments of those of P. bombayensis; but I may say that, in the few specimens I have examined, the breadth equals about two-thirds | Probably P. aplinéi, MacGillivray, from Australia (Tvans, Roy. Soc. Victoria, V, p. 203, 1860) also belongs to this group, but the description is very incomplete, 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. ray of the length, and that the central capsule is about three-fourths as broad as long. The statoblast has thus neither the attenuated outline of that of P. philippinensts nor the broadly oval form of that of the typical P. vepens. The form might, therefore, so far as the proportions of the statoblasts are concerned, fall into either of Kraepelin’s two species P. polymorpha and P. princeps, which represent respectively the group related, as regards this character, to P. repens and that related to P. emarginata in the same way. Fic, 2.—P. bombayensis: statoblast (A) and distal part of a zocecium (B), both x 7o. Lophopus cartert (Hyatt). Zoaria consisting of small, mound-shaped, colourless masses o. gelatinous consistency, which have the power of progression without any specialization of the base and are capable of coalescing by means of their gelatinous investment to form compound colonies of a temporary nature. Zocecia tubular, upright, rather short; their walls consisting of an inner cellular layer and an outer gelatinous one devoid of cells in the living organism. Stomach yellow, rounded, but not broadly, at the base; lophophore bearing about sixty tentacles, which are distinctly webbed at their point of origin. Statoblasts (fig. 3) large, somewhat variable in size and proportions, but averaging about 0°85 mm. by 0°56 mm., truncately oval in outline, curved longitudinally, with a wide swim-ring and an almost circular capsule, which is relatively small; the statoblast bear- ing at each end a series of straight processes, each of which is armed with a row of minute, blunt hooks on either side. This form only differs from my L. himalayanus in the larger number of tentacles borne by its lophophore, and in the more perfect development of the processes on the statoblasts. In L. himalayanus these are sometimes reduced to minute rudi- ments (fig. 4) in statoblasts proved by their dark colour and by the fact that they are found floating free in large numbers, to be E72 N. ANNANDALE: Three Indian Phylactolemata. [VOuL. HI, mature. The arrangement of the zocecia in these two forms agrees more closely with that found in L. crystallinus than with that found in L.lendenfeldi, whichis further distinguished by the comparatively small size of its statoblast. By the kindness of Mr. R. Kirkpatrick Sse ise tatne tae De eaeetasst - ry <2 pe Nis Sites waccesocs sae RS oes Saass Ny ee sn i) x 00 ~ ry ars : i kK Ag r) 4 Fic. 3.—L. carteri: statoblast from Igatpuri Lake, W. Ghats, x 70. I have lately been able to examine a specimen of this Australian form, regarding which I am therefore in a position to express a more definite opinion than I was when I wrote my former note on the Himalayan form (Rec. Ind. Mus., i, p. 145), in which I stated that the two were probably identical specifically. Even in L. lendenfeldi, judging from an examination of this specimen, cells are probably absent from the gelatinous investment in the living organism, although in specimens preserved in spirit those of the inner layer are apt to be forced out of their natural position. This is certainly the casein the two Indian forms and in L. crystalli- nus, in all of which this artificial phenomenon occurs. ‘The cells FIG. 4.—L. himalayanus: extremity of statoblast, x 240. of the inner layer, however, are distinctly larger in the Indian and Australian forms than they are in L. crystallinus, and are appa- rently more easily displaced. In Plumatella punctata not only have these cells all the characters of its genus, but the stiffer consis- tency of the cuticle, swollen though it is, prevents them from being forced into it artificially. As regards the generic position of £. cartert, I have already stated (Rec. Ind. Mus., i, p. 147) that I see no reason to separate it from the genus to which Carter assigned it. It must be confessed, 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 173 however, that, in order to include it, the definition of this genus must be modified, and that it is very difficult to draw an exact line between Lophopus and Pectinatella, if the younger stages of the colonies of the latter are to be taken into account, and if the Indian forms are to be placed in the former. Moreover, the Japanese forms (Pectinatella gelatinosa and P. davenporti) do not altogether agree with the only other fully described species of their genus, v?z., P. magnifica of N. America and the continent of Europe. Unfor- tunately I have not yet been able to obtain a copy of the full account of P. davenporti, which is published by the Japanese Zoological Society, and am therefore forced to rely on the summary thereof published by Oka, the author of the species, in the Zool. Anzeiger, vol. xxxi, No. 23, May, 1907. Mr. Rousselet has, however, drawn my attention to the close similarity between the statoblasts of this form and those of L. cartert. Further, there is a certain biological resemblance between L. cartert and the species of Pectinatiella. Oka (Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, iv, 1891) has described P. gelatinosa as forming gigantic compound colonies by the coalescence of numerous small zoaria, each of which arises from a single statoblast; and a somewhat similar phenomenon occurs in P. magnifica. I found large numbers of small zoaria of L. cartert, grouped together but quite distinct from one another, on the under surface of stones in the lake at Igatpuri in November last. They were apparently adult zoaria and most of them bore mature statoblasts. When they were detached from their support, however, and placed in a bottle of water, several of them coalesced so as to become, to the naked eye, a single colony, although a microscopic investigation revealed the fact that it was only the gelatinous investment that had taken part in the coalescence. Such compound colonies did not appear to be permanent, nor did I see any in natural conditions. Moreover, they showed no tendency to secrete a common basal membrane, as the components of the large colonies of Pectinatella do. On the leaves of a tree whose branches dipped into the water of a lake at Kawkareik in the interior of the Amherst district of Tenasserim I found, in March last, a number of similar zoaria, quite independent of one another. They differed from those taken in the Bombay Presidency in autumn in the following characters : (1) their ccencecium had a decided yellow tinge; (2) their poly- pides were larger ; and (3) they bore no statoblasts. It is just possible that these were young colonies of the form described below, on the evidence of a statoblast from the same lake, as Pectinatella burmanica; but their zocecia were upright and the histological similarity between them and zoaria of L. cartert was so close that I think they must have represented this species. If they belonged to the same species as the statoblast found in their vicinity, it would, in my opinion, be impossible any longer to separate the two genera ; but this is a point on which it is not yet possible for me to express a definite opinion. 174 N. ANNANDALE: Three Indian Phylactolemata. |VOL. II, .’08.] Pectinatella burmanica, sp. nov. Animal unknown. Statoblast dark brown in colour, very large, almost circular, measuring 1°56 X 1°75 mm., curved longi- tudinally ; the central capsule relatively small, measuring 0458 X 063 mm., Circumference armed with numerous minute hooked processes with a very short stem and often irregular or abortive in form. Habitat.—lLake at Kawkareik, interior of Amherst district, Tenasserim. March, 1908; N. Annandale Zeg. Fic. 5.—Pect. burmanica: part of periphery of statoblast, x 240. This statoblast was found attached to the protective tube of the Oligochete worm Aulophorus tongkinensis, a most industrious collector of gemmules and statoblasts, whose tubes, so common in Indian ponds and lakes, generally afford some indication of the sponges and polyzoa to be found in the locality in which they are taken. ‘Together with the specimen figured were statoblasts of a species of Plumatella and of two genera of sponges, all fastened to the tube of a single worm. So far as it is possible to say without examining the animal, Pectinatella burmanica is related to P. gela- tinosa, Oka, from Japan, whence I have received some mounted statoblasts from Mr. C. Rousselet. The statoblasts of the latter form are, however, subrectangular in outline and their processes are more numerous and much more constant in form. As regards its shape, the statoblast of the new species somewhat resembles that of Lophopus jhering:, Meissner, but the latter is considerably smaller (0°8 X I°0 mm.) and apparently lacks processes of all sorts. As regards the distorted and often degenerate nature of the hooked processes P. burmanica resembles Lophopus himalayanus, but in the latter form the processes are often more complex and, when they occur, are invariably confined to the extremities of the statoblast ; the latter being a feature which may serve to distinguish L. carteri as well as L. himalayanus (if these two are specifically distinct from one another) from all species of the genus Pectinatella. ON LW ONE WO OPE CITES OF EAGI E- RAV oe Gi Vee Ob A ta De) Wi ee NOLES ONea Die Ske Ur Or THE iGENUS Chk ATL OPT ERA, By R. EB. Lioyvp, M.B., B.Sc., Capt., I.M.S., formerly Surgeon Naturalist, Marine Survey of India. During a brief collecting trip to Puri, on the Orissa Coast, re- cently taken in conjunction with Dr. N. Annandale, we were in- formed that a gigantic fish had been lately caught in the seine net of some local fishermen, who regarded the capture as a most un- usual event. Search was made for evidence of this story, with the result that a portion of an immense ray was found almost buried in sand close to high-water-mark. The specimen, although in an advanced stage of decomposi- tion, was covered with tough skin, so that the form of the head was completely preserved. From the appearance of the wide mouth, gaping directly forwards and flanked by two cephalic flippers, the fish was recognised to be one of those rays which, owing to their gigantic size, are rarely captured, and still less often appear in Museum collections. ‘The specimen, which measured three feet nine inches across the head from eye to eye, was despatched to the Indian Museum. Unfortunately the great pectoral fins had been cut off at the time of its capture, but the complete head and shoulder girdle with the intervening gill bars were obtained. A detached tail-like portion of vertebral column was found close by, bearing a median dorsal fin and a curious rounded knob (plate v, fig. 3). From the charac- ter of the skin this was seen to be part of the same remarkable fish. The dorsal fin in the Myliobatide is situated at the hinder end of the disc between the pelvic fins; this detached portion must there- fore belong to the disc and not to the tail; furthermore, the anterior end of it fits on to the exposed centrum which terminates the vertebral column behind the shoulder girdle. The Myliobatide are by some authors divided into two groups, —Myliobatina and Ceratopterina. It will be shown further on that this division is highly justifiable. It is difficult to imagine two structures more unlike one another than the skulls of Ceratoptera and Aétobatis, the latter genus being taken as an example of the -Myliobatina. The group Cervatopterina contains three genera, two of which have been long known. .All three are characterised by possessing 170 R. E. Ltovp: New species of Eagle-Rays. [Vov. Ul, long cephalic flippers or horns one on either side of the head. They mav be briefly defined thus— (1) Dicerobatis (Blainville) has an inferior mouth, teeth in both jaws, and a smooth skin. (2) Ceratobatis (Boulenger) like Dicerobatis, but teeth restric- ted to the upper jaw. (3) Ceratoptera (Muller and Henle) has an anterior mouth, teeth in the lower jaw only, and numerous denticles on the skin. Our specimen from Puri evidently belongs to the last of these (Ceratoptera), although the genus has not been hitherto recorded from the Bay of Bengal,' and is known from only a very few specimens. Two species have been recognised: Ceratoptera vampyrus (Duméril), found in American seas, bears 100 series of teeth on the lower jaw (this is the Manta birosiris of American writers, the much- dreaded devil fish of the Panama pearl fisheries); the other, C. chrenbergit, bears 200 series of teeth, seven in each series, and is found in the Red Sea. In a footnote to page 498 of his Catalogue of Fishes, vol. viii, Giimther writes: ‘On an unpublished * plate of the Symbole Physice this species’’ (C. ehrenbergit) ‘‘is named Cephaloptera stelligera ; the horns ate horizontally bent inwards.’ Reference to this plate shows that our specimen from Puri bears a considerable resem- blance to the species from the Red Sea; even the denticles of the skin, which are clearly depicted, show a marked similarity in the two cases. Inthe Symbol@ Physice each denticle is shown as a stellate (usually six-rayed) base bearing a bluntly pointed tubercle which in some cases shows slight irregularity. It is possible that the horns may have been bent inwards during life but our photo- graphs (plate iv) show what seemed to be the natural position of these appendages. Ceratoptera orissa, sp. nov. The specimen from Puri, for which the name Ceratoptera orissa is proposed, is differentiated from the others by the follow- ing features :— (1) The dentition of the lower jaw is in 370 series, each con- sisting of 14 teeth. In their peculiar columnar form and in the regularity of their arrangement, the teeth show a close similarity to those depicted in the Symbole Physica. Each tooth is separated by a well-marked interspace from its neighbours (text- HEL). | Day, relying on a woodcut published by Sir Walter Elliot, has provisionally included Ceratoptera among the fishes of India. A comparison of this woodcut with the figure in the Symbole Physice and with our specimen from Puri shows, however, that this woodcut cannot be regarded as a representation of Ceratoptera. 2 Published subsequently in Symbol@ Physic@, Berlin, 1899. 1go8. | — Records of the Indian Museum. 177 (2) Behind the dorsal fin is a remarkable globular swelling of the size of a man’s fist (fig. 3, plate v). This is not present in the other species. (3) The denticles of the skin consist of a stellate base, usually six-rayed, which bears a multifid spine. Other specific characters cannot be defined as the specimen was incomplete. The diagram, plate x, fig 2, which is drawn to scale, shows the principal measurements of the head. The upper surface of the head and adjacent portions of the disc were of a dark greenish grey colour contrasting sharply with the pure white of the oral surface. Fic, 1.—Teeth of Ceratoptera ovissa, sp. nov. The upper surface of the cephalic flippers and the sides of the head were white, as were the lower two-thirds of the ocular promi- nences. The mouth was overhung by a thin curtain or velum of white skin; the depth of this curtain was about four inches except towards the middle where it was considerably reduced, allowing a view of the interior of the mouth. This velum, whichis analogous to an upper lip, is quite distinct from the broad nasal flap; it resembles that structure and is at- tached behind it. Figure 2, plate v, shows these features, as well as the band of teeth on the lower jaw. Other measurements are as follows :— Between the nostrils a3 fac te Ode Ch S: Width of mouth — Salk aa Dimension of the band of teeth ~ 2 47 bY 2°5 cms. Greatest diameter of eyeball ms jigs Corneal aperture of eye .. = oar Greatest diameter of spiracle se Se wet The cranium of Ceratoptera orissa consists of a single lamina of cartilage measuring 95 cms. in breadth but only 20 in length in the middle line. The outer ends of this lamina turn forwards as two spatulate projections which lie over and support the bases of the 178 R. E. Ltovp: New species of Eagle-Rays. [VOL. Il, cephalic fins. ‘The skeleton of these fins, as in the other members of the Mylobatide, is directiy continuous with the skeleton of the pectoral fins. The actual brain case is a very insignificant part of the cranium, being represented by a dome-shaped box measuring only 13 cms. in breadth, situated close to the condyles. With the exception of the small portion which lodges the brain, this cranial lamina has a uniform thickness of half an inch in the dried state. It terminates laterally in simple margins, hence the cranium appears to be devoid of true orbits. At one point, on either side, the dry cartilage composing these margins is prolonged outwards towards the eyes as two slender shrivelled tubes which doubtless contained the optic nerves. Owing to decay it was im- possible to ascertain the point at which the ocular muscles were at- tached to the cranium; this point would have indicated the site of the orbit. The eyes were well preserved for, as in many other large elas- mobranch fishes, the sclerotic coat was composed of thick tough car- tilage; in this case the cartilage composing the back of the eyeball was more than half an inch in thickness; it was indeed so mas- sively developed that on first examination it was thought to be the orbit itself which had been attached to the cranial margin by the slender tubular prolongation beforementioned. ‘This misunderstand- ing was corrected by finding traces of the tendinous insertions of the ocular muscles attached to the outer surface of the globe. The jaws and their suspensory apparatus were of the type common to the order. The hyomandibular is laminate in form and is firmly attached at its upper (or inner) end to the cranium close to the occipital condyle of the same side; it also receives additional support by being, as it were; wrapped round. the posterior margin of the cranial plate. Its lower (or outer) end supports the jaws and hyoid. The upper and lower jaw differ remarkably in appearance. The upper jaw is a straight slender bar, no thicker than.a man’s thumb, attached at either end to the hyomandibulars. The lower jaw, which has, of course, the same attachments, is a massive plank-like structure measuring 12 cms. in depth; one surface of this looks upwards and forwards and bears the curious ribbon-like band of teeth which are detachable with the skin. The lower edge of the mandible forms a prominent ridge sharply defining the oral face from the ventral surface; in the same way the anterior margin of the cranial lamina, which forms an open curve, sharply separates the oral face from the dorsal surface. Theskeleton, which carries the great pectoral fins on either side, is prolonged forwards beneath the spatulate processes of the cranium, to render support to the cephalic fins; beneath these processes it is united to the cranium itself by a cartilaginous bar which is fixed to the cranium just outside the nasal fossa (point x , igi, pl. x). In order that a better understanding of the cranium might be arrived at, the skull of Aétobatis, a common genus Pate ne to the M yliobatina, was cleaned and examined. 1908.] | . Records of the Indian Museum. 179 This. was: so. different. from the skull of Cervatopteva that it has been shown in outline in fig 3, pl. x. The cranium of Aétobatis is a box-like structure provided with well-developed orbits, that is to say it is not unlike the type found in many other elasmobranch fishes, but a great contrast to that of Ceratoptera. This difference is so marked that a separate origin for the two divisions of the Myliobatide might have to be admitted. In order to demonstrate this, an examination of the skulls of other genera of the family would be necessary. Fic. 2.—Teeth of D. evegoodoo. FIG, ae of a thurstont. During a recent visit to Madras I had, through the kindness of Mr. E. Thurston, an opportunity of examining the large rays in the Museum of that city. Among them aretwo examples of Dicerobatis which clearly belong to separate species. Photographs of these are shown on plate iv. One of them agrees closely with the definition of D. eregoodoo, the species usually found in Indian seas, though by no means commonly. Cantor! gives a full description of this fish; regarding the teeth he writes: ‘‘ the teeth are uniformly minute, flat- tened, of a pentagonal shape, with backwards directed points; they have frequently two or three such points; they are generally twice broader than long. The upper jaw has 80, the lower jaw 94 rows of teeth.” The teeth of the specimen in the Madras Museum has 60 rows of teeth in the upper jaw, but in form (text-fig. 2) they agree with Cantor’s description; the teeth of the same species are shown by Duméril * in a figure which shows some slight difference. Inspite of this the smaller Madras specimen should, I think, be placed in the species D, evegoodoo. The larger specimen is quite different, however; it has twice as many teeth, which are of a different character. As it does not appear to resemble any known species it has been described here. Dicerobatis thurstoni, sp. nov. Teeth in 140 series in the upper jaw, extending nearly to the angle of the mouth. Each tooth is separated from its neighbours by an interval, and consists of an irregular nodular base bearing from two to four spinous cusps (text-fig. 3). 1 Catalogue ofMalayan Fishes, p. 1420. 2 Hist. Nat. des Poissons, pl. 6, figs. 2—5. 180 R. E. Ltoyvp: New species of Eagle-Rays. [NOL. II, 1908. ] The teeth of the lower jaw could not be counted in the dry specimen as the lip was curled over; they seemed to be about as numerous as those of the upper jaw. ‘Tail smooth, less in length than the disc, and without a spine. Proportions generally like D, eregoodoo, but the cephalic fins are relatively shorter than in that species; furthermore, the termination of the disc between the cephalic fins is wider, and forms a more open curve (more nearly a straight line) than in D. eregoodoo. The measurements of the dry specimen are as follows :— Greatest breadth .. .. 160 ems. Length of disc in the middle line (excluding pelvic fins) ee F343, Distance between the eyes fs 2G tas Eye to tip of cephalic fin eg ean Nostril to nostril .. Bas TO, Spiracle to posterior border of the eye - “7 Ans ee Length of tail Me - 53 23 =i] - 7 , . ' iy i3 : i rs . m 7 Fi ‘ 3 - + 7 : . U 7 : 7 . 1 : 7 7 5 fF Y fi : 5 , 7 : . _ . ¥ . / : oo ‘ ‘ : i . ) : 1 : + 4 : i . ‘ i : ‘ 4 z 7 ; ; ! — 1 he mh t! =" fT fi vf EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. Fra. 1.—Dicerobatis eregoodoo, ventral surface, 4 nat. size. 5, 2.—D. thurstont, dorsal surface, 3, nat. size. es og : 5 @ PlacedN: Rec Ind Mus. Vol. U, 1908. Bemrose, Colio., Fig EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. Fias. 1 AND 2,—Side and front view of the head of Ceratoptera orissa, »; nat. size. In fig. 2 the band of teeth can be seen close to the lower margin of the mandible; black paper has been placed in the left nostril. Fic. 3.—Vertebral column and dorsal fin of the same fish. Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. I, 1908. lace NE “ «AS ¢ -\ ' i . , : : ‘ A = oo : : : e roe \ s ji aes 5 i . os —_ : 5 n : ee e : vie + ‘ EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. Fic. 1.—Diagram, to scale, of the skull of C. ovssa: b.c. = brain case; 1.7. = lower jaw; “.7.=upper jaw; c.f. = cephalic fin; o.c. = occipital condyle; fm. = hyomandibular ; N.C. == nasal capsule: ¢.== sclerotic cartilaze: "07p5 — prolongation of the cartilage towards the eye (sheath for optic nerve); sc. — scapula: co. —= coracoid = 7. june: tion of hyomandibular with the cranium: the branchial arches have been omitted; the cranium proper is shown in thick outline: @ and b= denticles of the skin from above and from the side. ,, 2.—Diagram, to scale, of the head of C. ovissa; figures re- present centimetres. »5 3—Cranium of Aétobatis narinaria showing well-defined orbits * 0, =—— orbit; -¢, == eye: “cj, == cepilalic im: Rec. Ind. Mus, Vol. II, 1908. Plate x. Fig.i. AC .Chowdhary deb§ ‘ith. XXIL=DESCRIPTION OF A.NEW .SPECTES OF THE GENUS SESARMA, SAY., FROM THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS. By Dr. J. G. dz MAN. A collection received from Dr. Annandale of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, comprises a new species of the genus Sesarma, Say. It is represented by one male and two females that were collected at Mount Hamet, Port Blair, Andaman Island, in fresh- water streams in dense forest at a height of 700 feet, by Mr. B. B. Osmaston, in January, 1907. The larger of the two females, which are a little smaller than the male, carries a Sacculina. Sesarma thelxinoé, sp. nov. (Plate xi.) A new species of the subgenus Sesavma, related to Sesarma sylvicola, de M., from Sumatra, to S. ocypoda, Nob.,from Benkoelen and to S. celebensis, Schenkel, from Celebes. Both in the male and in the female the distance between the outer orbital angles appears a little larger than the length of the carapace, the proportion being nearly as 13: 12. Upper surface de- pressed, very slightly arcuate transversely at the level of the mesogastric area, whereas the gastric region slightly slopes down forward towards the frontal lobes; posteriorly the upper surface is more flattened, whereas the epibranchial regions are deflexed downward. Regions indicated, but incompletely defined. Of the cervical groove the transverse furrow that defines the gastric region posteriorly is well developed and rather deep only in its lateral parts ; the mesogastric furrow is shallow, though reaching to just behind the middle of the gastric region. The protogastric areas that slope down laterally to the lower situated, hepatic region, are not separated at all from the anterior branchial areas, nor from the mesogastric area which is also undivided. The intestinal region is bounded laterally by shallow depressions. The front, which is vertically deflexed, is just half as broad as the distance between the outer orbital angles. Of the four post- frontal lobes, which are separated from each other by narrow, moder- ately deep incisions, the inner are just twice as broad as the outer ; the post-frontal lobes are prominent and hide the front, though the lower margin is visible when the carapace is looked at from above. The free edge of the post-frontal lobes is rather sharp, though very 182 J. G. DE MAN: Sesarma thelxinoé. [Vor finely granulated ; that of the inner lobes is straight and transverse in the male and in the younger female (fig. 2), but in the other female the free edge of these lobes is slightly concave and runs a little obliquely (fig. 4). The outer post-frontal lobes reach a little further forward than the inner. The front (fig. 3), which is somewhat concave, is four times as broad as high ; in the male, in which the upper margin is 6°8 mm. broad, the front is 1° 7mm: high at either side of the middle. The lateral margins of the front are nearly parallel, being only very slightly convergent ; the lower margin is but very faintly sinuous, the median emargination is broad, but very shallow, and the lateral ones are hardly recognis- able. Viewed from before, the lower margin appears straight i in the middle ; on each side of the middle it appears, in the male, very slightly concave, but in the two females distinctly so. The front is covered, especially laterally, with microscopical granules, but the anterior surface of the inner post-frontal lobes is almost smooth ; lying on each side contiguous to the lower margin are two or three somewhat larger granules. As in other species, a transverse ridge is situated a little be- hind the free margin of the outer post-frontal lobes ; between this margin and the ridge, which is very finely granulate and presents a somewhat oblique direction, the upper surface of the outer frontal lobes is covered with some small granules, that anteriorly are partly arranged in transverse rows. Some small granules are also observed on the anterior half of the hepatic region and near the antero-lateral margins of the carapace, as also two short, finely granulated ridges, the anterior, shorter one on the extraorbital tooth, the other near the middle of the first epibranchial tooth. The deflexed, branchial regions are marked with the usual oblique striz.. All the rest of the upper surface of the carapace is perfectly smooth, without any trace of granules, even when examined through a magnifying glass ; the inner post- -frontal lobes are thus also quite smooth above as far as their anterior margin. ‘The upper surface is, however, punctate, finely on the gastric region, more coarsely on the branchial regions and on the depressions that separate the latter from the area intestinalis; in a few puncta short, stiff sete are inserted. As in S. sylvicola, the lateral margins of the carapace distinctly diverge backward and are very faintly concave behind the middle. Extraorbital tooth acute, its outer margin slightly convex, sometimes straight or even faintly concave; by a rather deep, triangular notch this tooth is separated from the first epibranchial, which is also acute and, like the extraorbital tooth, somewhat turned upward; the outer margin of this tooth, which is once- and-a-half as long as the extraorbital tooth, is straight and al- ready divergent. A trace of a very small second epibranchial tooth is indicated. ‘The posterior margin of the carapace is just as broad as the front. The abdomen of the male (fig. 5) resembles that of S. sylvzcola (de Man, Abhandl. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesellschaft, xxv, 1902, 1908. Records of the Indian Museum. 18 9 3 pl. xix, fig. 11); the obtuse, terminal joint is almost once-and-a- half as long as the penultimate, and the posterior margin of the latter is two-and-a-half times as broad as this joint is long. In the younger female the terminal segment is for one-third of its length impacted in the penultimate, in the other female not even as far. Chelipedes equal, both in the male and in the female. Outer surface of the arm transversely wrinkled, neither the upper nor the inner border of the arm ends in a tooth or spine; but the inner border presents a slight, subterminal dilatation and appears finely, though irregularly, denticulate along its whole length ; about thirty very small acute teeth, recognisable through a lens, occur on the lower border. Upper surface of the wrist covered, especially on its outer side, with finely crenulate ridges, inner angle obtuse— not dentiform ; examined by means of a lens a few minute sete are observed on the upper surface. In the male the horizontal length of the chele (fig. 6) measures three-fourths the distance between the outer orbital angles; the fingers are a little longer than the palm which is one-fourth higher than long. To the naked eye both palm and fingers appear smooth. Examined by means of a magnifying-glass the rounded upper border of the palm, which carries no pectinated crests, appears a little granular by very small granules ; but for a few oblique striations near the carpal arti- culation, the convex outer surface of the palm appears perfectly smooth ; the rounded lower margin is’slightly granular, the granules being microscopical, though slightly larger and rather acute on the inner side and extending here to the middle of the immobile finger. The fingers are pointed; their convex, outer surface is smooth, though somewhat punctate; the tapering dactylus has neither ridges nor grooves, but is covered above with minute subacute granules that extend to near the tip and are rather zrregularly arranged. ‘The inner surface of the palm presents no trace of a transverse crest or ridge, but it carries a few, very small, sub- acute granules, visible by a lens, one or two of which near the upper border are a little larger than the rest. The immobile finger has two small, conical teeth, one contiguous to the horny tip, the other near the base, and between them are six or seven smaller teeth, while two or three occur near the base ; the toothing of the dactylus is nearly the same. The chelz of the female are comparatively smaller, measuring three-fifths only of the distance between the outer orbital angles ; but the fingers are comparatively longer than in the male. The oblique strize near the carpal articulation are hardly developed and the upper border of the dactylus is nearly smooth ; the granules on the inner surface of the palm are also fewer in number and smaller. The ambulatory legs apparently closely resemble those of S. sylvicola. ‘The meropodites, which have a subterminal, acute tooth on the anterior border, are slender like the other joints, and their outer surface is covered with short, transverse, crenulate lines, —that of the last pair excepted, these being nearly smooth; so, 184 J. G. DE MAN: Sesarma thelxinoé. [Vor Uy, e.g., are the meropouites of the penultimate pair three times as long as broad. ‘The carpal joints, which, like the following joints, are smooth, are furnished on their outer surface with two longitu- dinal ridges, less distinct on those of the last pair. The propodites are little more than three times as long as broad, and the dactyli . are but little shorter than the penultimate joints; in the male, not in the female, the posterior margin of the dactyli is tomen- tose, as also the distal third part of that of the propodites. The ambulatory legs are fringed with stiff bristles which are black on their proximal and white on their distal half. The carapace and ambulatory legs are red-brown, the chelipedes vellow. Measurements in millimetres. eg g Q Distance between the outer orbital angles 13°7 12°75 12°4 Length of carapace, measured in the middle line, abdomen excluded BMS yas he BO6) 5 Breadth of the upper margin of the front 68. 675 6°4 Distance between the Ist ee emenial Teeth = 4) 13 12°75 Greatest width of the carapace . we Tata SERS aa Breadth of posterior margin of carapace . gi 6°5 6:6 Length of the terminal joint of abdomen. . 2°5 - ~ oy Penultimate 4oimt 18 Breadth of the anterior margin of this joint 2°79, fae Sie DOSteTOI: | ure 4°60 i jength of antepenultimate joint | T5204 bie Horizontal length of chela HOt, 9775 ae , fingers 97 64 4°3 Height of the palm + 575... 3°8 4 Length of meropodite ) FO Ara4O 85 Breadth | a2 3 Length of pr opodite | of penultimate in the middle f pair of legs : 7 6 6 Breadth of _,, | 18. -10 7 Length of dactylus ) 79655 25°95 > ages Sesarma thelxinoé differs at first sight from S. ocypoda, Nob., its variety gracillima, de M., and S. sylvicola, de M., by the smooth- ness of the gastric region and of the upper surface of the inner post- frontal lobes, as also by the smoothness of the outer surface of the chela. There are, however, still more differences, for which I refer to my work in Abhandl. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellschaft, xxv, 1902, pp. 522-527, pl. xix, figs. g-11. Of S. aranea, Nob., a young male specimen, from the Island of Nias, kindly presented to me by Dr. Nobili, is lying before me. The distance between the outer orbital angles is 6°3 mm., the length of carapace 6 mm., and the lateral margins slightly diverge posteriorly, so that, as regards the general shape of the carapace, both species agree with one another. ‘The first epibranchial tooth is, however, shorter than the extraorbital tooth and less prominent laterally ; the upper surface of the inner post-frontal lobes and 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 185 the anterior part of the protogastric areas are distinctly rugose and granular ; the front is higher ,—3 mm. broad, I mm. high ; the chelee are granular on their outer surface and the five or six acute teeth on the proximal half of the upper margin of the dactylus are mucn larger than in S. thelxinoé. ‘The abdomen has a different shape, resembling that of S. moeschit (de Man in Max Weber’s Zoolog. Evgebn., 1892, tab. xx, fig. 14a); the penultimate segment, in- deed, is much less enlarged, its posterior margin is 1°92 mm. broad, while this segment is 0‘°9 mm. and the antepenultimate 0°72 mm. long. Both species are therefore considered as different, but an examination of younger individuals of S. thelxinoé will be useful in order to see whether they show the same characters as the adult. Sesarma (Sesarma) amphinome, de M., of which a female from Sintang, described in 1899, is lying before me, is a more different species. ae a I RE ao gee ~~ i Gy _ 1 aie oe * - r An oY oy eo nay tt ry oo ea 4 ie ey: no, S ee ; : : A : ; : a} At ic me 7 ae 7 ; = cat p GS ee apes ee a i fe : ‘ ‘ - - = ' , GV ee : he r = 5) A : fas : a a , ey . a ‘ ¥ : : ‘ : : a) 4 © ms - ; .! : a : ' 7 oo yf po ke : : 1 ia H io ry a ‘ ‘ io! ‘ ann " ' ot po a ; ae : 7 i : - Wor nt oa 7 , i ot roe "i al w 1 ta, : ' ; ‘ r, ' 5 : i et Wy ! , ‘ : 7 r vat fa Do wi i : : oie : ary ny ed : 0 ? ‘ oe — yt _ = a ni ' . ' ep ‘ : - : : i : 7 & i _ , ' E- } i f : ? ‘aa L, r ah a x i mh : . ‘aA phat Urs, 7 H a f ? ‘ r y : “ i. bare : ie “ i ; : m 7 Te Be LK) AR) Dl tpl 2 ae ae | : F ee hae © A 7 7 t : _ Ce: ‘ roe a t : on 1 iy / K yane a ae Pee 4 iy Pa ; ; i ; oo : vi : -_ a ‘ i” ' ' ; ~ oo % - = ; a, : 7 ; ; ; A ; S : "5 Wi - Peg ey FY an ' 7 i ; re - A : : os 5 Mi . : : : ! " : t's, ; : 7 . F - - ‘ 7 7 EXPLANATION -OF PLATE XI. Fic. 1.—Sesarma thelxinoé, sp. nov., male, X 2. 2.—Front of the same specimen viewed from above, x 3. » 3 5; i ‘ - Pe _ betore, es 4.—Anterior half of the upper surface of the larger female, « 3. 5.—Abdomen of the male, x 3. 6.—Chela of the male, x 3. Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol II, 1908. Plate XI. J.G. de Man. del., Dec. 1907. SESARMA (SESARMA) THELXINOE, De MAN. “ — rs ¥ MXIT DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF LAND, MARINE AND FRESHWATER SHELLS FROM THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS: BG. RE SrON wo: The species described in the present paper formed part of the collection of the late Rev. J. Warneford who was, for many years, Chaplain to His Majesty’s Forces in the Andaman Islands, and an ardent and indefatigable collector ; the collection took twelve years to amass, and is perhaps the largest ever got together on those Islands. The ‘‘ types” have recently been acquired by the Trustees of the Indian Museum, in whose collection they now are. Sitala denselivata, sp. nov. Shell perforate, conical, carinate at the periphery, opaque, pale yellowish horn colour ; whorls 64, rather convex, sculptured with fine spiral lire ; base of shell somewhat convex, spirally striate; columella straight, reflexed over the very narrow umbilicus, peristome acute; aperture sub-quadrate. Altitude ees panneee Diam, major... Ss ie Aperture, alt. 225 ys aa diam. he a Habitat—Andaman Islands. Approaching S. attegia, Benson! (= cadelli, Nev. MS.). The spire is, however, less acuminate and in general shape the shell is much narrower in proportion to its height; the carination is also not so marked and the spiral sculpture is coarser than in S. attegia. Tornatina conspicua, sp. nov. Shell imperforate, regularly cylindrical, white, shining, covered with a rich reddish brown periostracum ; spire somewhat exserted ; whorls 6, the last sculptured with fine, wavy spiral striz ; sutures deeply and broadly channelled ; aperture narrow, scarcely dilated below, a thickening of the shell appearing about half a millimetre from the edge of the peristome ; peristome slightly inflated in the middle, acute; columella arched, terminating in a basal fold, a callus extending from it to the suture. | Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), iii, p. 184, 1859. 188 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. [ VoL. 1, Altitude me .. 105 mm. Diam., major .. ek Soa e Aperture, alt. .. Oe ee - diam., minor... "754, Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—10 fathoms. Atys convexa, sp. nov. Shell umbilicate, tumid, ovate, constricted at the ends, pale. lemon colour, with two irregular narrow greenish bands especially noticeable on the ventral surface, smooth, polished except at the ends where it is spirally grooved; apex closed ; aperture narrow above, broadening below; columella descending obliquely, curved outwards, produced; peristome simple, rising high above the VeLLCX. Altitude he er 25 aunt Diam. oe” - Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—I0 fathoms. Atys neglecta, sp. nov. Shell imperforate, elongately ovate, sub-cylindrical, rather convex in the middle, greyish white, polished, smooth except at the ends where several grooves appear; apex closed; aperture very narrow above, moderately wide below ; columella oblique ; peris- tome broadly thickened, bent slightly inwards, a little extended above the vertex. ; Altitude vr - 4 mm. Diam., major .. oe 2 Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—r10 fathoms. Atys pacet, sp nov. Shell straight, cylindrical, semi-transparent white, sculptured throughout with fine spiral striae, becoming more numerous and closely set towards the base ; apex very narrowly perforate ; aper- ture narrow above, dilated below ; columella obliquely arched ; peristome simple, rising above the vertex. Altitude Ae f'n: Diam., major .. a Wer Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—I10 fathoms. Atys vixumbtilicata, sp. nov. Shell ovate, narrowly perforate, pale yellowish horn colour, very finely spirally striate and rather coarsely grooved towards the ends ; apex closed ; aperture narrow above, broadening below; 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 18Q columella descending obliquely ; peristome thickened, produced above the vertex. Altitude a ok 3°5 mm. Diam. ae Mas ae 53 Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—10 fathoms.. Haminea callosa, sp. nov. Shell ovate oblong, very narrowly perforate, yellowish horn colour, thin, vitreous, marked with oblique transverse lines of growth ; peristome simple ; aperture narrow, posteriorly elevated, not greatly expanded anteriorly ; columella twisted at base, a callus joining it with the lip above. Altitude :e a 5) Sadi, Diam.; major: < - oo O25 255 Aperture : diam., min. bs I Be : Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7——ro fathoms. Terebra carnicolor, sp. nov. Shell subulate, pale flesh colour, polished, shining ; remaining whorls 15, sculptured with closely set longitudinal coste, crossed neat the upper end bya slight spiral groove, thus forming an infra-sutural crenate band; the interstices between the coste spirally punctate, the punctations of the upper row being coarser than the rest; aperture small, narrow; columella descending rather obliquely ; peristome simple ; base of shell marked with three revolving punctate grooves. Altitude Me, Pog 22). tints Diam., major ee: | e Aperture, alt: .. oe 3 = T'25 55 Ee dian. a Habitat—Andaman Islands. Terebra rubyobrunnea, sp. nov. Shell narrowly subulate, reddish brown; remaining whorls 21, very flat, sculptured with oblique, rather closely set transverse costee interrupted by spiral striae and two crenate sutural bands, the upper of which is much the broader ; sutures scarcely impressed ; columella descending ina curve, extending into a thick, projecting callus which joins the lip above; peristome sinuous, slightly re- flexed ; aperture narrowly ovate ; canal short, re-curved. Altitude =f oA Tm, Diam. major -~.. Ae Ot De Aperture, alt... FO Gee, 2 wy uM Ciaitien oe Habitat—Andaman Islands. 190 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. (Vor, At Allied to T. fesestrata, Hinds'; the transverse coste in the present species are, however, closer together and not so coatse, the spiral strize are also more numerous and not so well defined. Terebva umicolor, sp. nov. Shell rather bluntly, elongately subulate, pale brownish orange throughout ; remaining whorls 17, sculptured with a coarse infra- sutural spiral crenate rib and five smaller spiral crenate ribs, the interstices finely punctate; aperture small; columella recurved, twisted ; canal short. Altitude e 3. «44 i Diam., major .. so, 1 yeaa, Aperture, alt. .. ee Or Ge diam. 7 ee dy Habitat— Andaman Islands. Allied to T. albomarginata, Desh., of which speciesI was at first, inclined to consider it a variety, but its much blunter form, lack of white edging to the whorls, coarser ribbing and finer punctation lead me to think that it is specifically distinct. Conus edwardt, sp. nov. S Shell turbinate, coronate, white, the upper whorls tesselated with reddish brown; the body whorl painted with four irregular bands of bright reddish brown, the first much interrupted, the intervening spaces streaked, tesselated and very indistinctly lined with the same colour, faintly and regularly spirally striate; spire bluntly exserted ; interior of shell whitish, except at the base where the reddish brown colouring is again apparent. Altitude i sa) oO) tid. Diam., major .. 25, 2am ng Aperture, alt. .. oe On ae Mi diam., minor ve 3B Habitat—Andaman Islands. Allied to Conus zonatus, Hwass; it is, however, narrower and less pyriform in shape, the spire is mote exserted and the beautiful reddish brown colouring readily distinguishes it from that well- known species, in which the bands are purplish gray, and which is so conspicuously lined with orange. Pleurotoma rvimata, sp. nov. Shell turreted, yellowish brown ; whorls 11, the upper bearing two spiral ridges between which is a row of coarse tubercies, the intervening spaces sculptured with minute spiral and trans- verse striae, the last whorl bearing five spiral liree in addition to the ! Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 153 - igo8. | Records of the Indian Museum. 191 row of tubercles between the first two of these ; base of shell coarsely spirally lirate; aperture oval; peristome reflexed, especially round the sinus ; sinus broad and rather deep; columella lip expanded, erect, forming an umbilical fissure between it and the base of the shell ; canal rather long, slightly reflexed upwards at base. Altitude oa! ae 25)5, tii, Diam., major .. i’ 10 ns Aperture, alt. ee +) diam. 5 bP) Habitat—Andaman Tetand= Allied to Pleurotoma acutigemmata, Smith, which has also been recorded fromthe Andamans'; itis, however, broader at the peri- phery, more sharply turreted, and possesses a much longer canal ; the reflexed peristome in the region of the sinus and the expansion of the columella also easily distinguish it from that species. Dyrillia fraga, sp. nov. Shell elongately fusiform, deep reddish brown; remaining whorls 7, rather flat, sculptured with regular closely set rows of small white tubercles and bearing a single infra-sutural row of coarser tubercles between which and the remaining smaller rows there is a broad but shallow groove ; sutures impressed ; aperture obliquely ovate ; canal short. Altitude - .. 22 mm. Diam., major .. 8 rb ee Nd nian ene >) In many respects resembling Drillia digitalis, Reeve, trom the Philippines ; it is, however, separable from that species by its more acutely fusiform shape and flatter whorls ; the rows of tubercles are also placed further apart and at more regular intervals. Drillia stkest, sp. nov. Shell solid, imperforate, acuminately fusiform, chalky white, painted with a broad, pale brown, infra-peripheral band ; whorls Io, the upper much eroded, the lower bearing a row of coarse tubercles at the periphery ; columella descending abruptly, solid, white ; sinus broad; peristome thin and irregularly serrated : ‘aperture oval ; interior of shell white. Altitude a 4 (Minor. : 2 = Aperture, alt. 1°75. 3s oe diam. I Habitat—-Andaman Islands. Rissoina sculpturata, sp. nov. Shell decollate, fusiform, solid, whitish ; remaining whorls 43, very flat, sculptured with transverse ribs interrupted by spiral ridges presenting a coarsely cancellate appearance ; sutures scarcely de- fined ; aperture ovate, oblique; peristome varicosely thickened ; columella descending obliquely and extending into a callus which joins the lip above. 1908. | Records of the [ndian Museum. 199 Altitude St 2. 45, mm: Diam., major .. 22s Aperture, alt... ee i - Be diam. 5 Habitat—Off Port Blair, aia ‘Islands, 7--10 fathoms. Rissoina warnejordi@, sp. nov. Shell small, fusiform, yellowish white ; whorls 74, rather convex, the first two smooth, shining, the remainder transversely ribbed and finely, spirally ridged, presenting a coarsely punctate appearance between the ribs; sutures impressed ; aperture obliquely ovate ; peristome simple ; columella descending rather obliquely. . Altitude oe wee --O7 56 atin, Diam., major .. ad) yaa Habitat—Ofi Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—10 fathoms. Narica depressa, sp. nov. Shell depressed, white, solid ; whorls 3, sculptured with closely set, oblique, arcuate coste, crossed by fine liree, presenting a can- cellate appearance; umbilical area smooth; umbilicus wide and deep ; aperture oval; peristome continuous, simple, except in the umbilical region where it is slightly reflexed. Altitude i 75 iam: Diain.; imajor- =. neat oy, A Peniite, alt wr a. re 58.53 xi diam. 8 7 Habitat—Andaman elaade. Eulima balteata, sp. nov. Shell acuminately pyramidal, solid, slightly distorted by curved, polished, grevish white, bearing a broad band of pure white above the sutures and at the periphery of the body-whorl ; whorls 15 ; sutures scarcely impressed ; aperture obliquely lunate; a callosity extending from the columella to the lip above. Altitude 2, +. “6°75 mm: Diam.,; major .. in RT 5% Wperture, alt. =. es TSE eke re diam. 5 bs Habitat—Andaman Tees. Styloptygma andamanensts, sp. Nov. Shell subulate, greyish white, painted with an indistinct whitish , infra-sutural, spiral band, semi-transparent ; whorls 10, marked 200 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. [ VoL. EA tae Diam., major ; oc. Aperture, alt. .. oh en diam. . SCT ree ear een alands. Leptothyra solida, sp. nov. Shell globosely turbonate, very solid, narrowly perforate, rather flat at the apex, yellowish white, transversely streaked with small blotches of reddish brown ; whorls 34, spirally lirate through- out ; sutures impressed ; peristome simple; aperture sub-circular ; operculum shelly, slightly concave, pauci-spiral with a central nucleus. Altitude ing 22. 2°5- mim Diam., major .. a . Aperture salt; 4.1 eS cer ‘5 diam. I Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman’ Islands, 7—I10 fathoms. 1908. | Records of the Indian ALuseum. 201 Gibbula ahena, sp. nov. Shell turbinately conical, angled at the periphery, dark bronze colour, painted with oblique, transverse, thin, yellowish white lines, a row of cream-coloured spots encircling the umbilical area ; whorls 4, finely, spirally striate above; base of shell bearing several spiral liree which are crossed by fine, transverse strie; sutures impressed ; umbilicus deep and fairly wide; columella arched; peristome simple; aperture sub-ovate; operculum horny, multi- spiral, with a central nucleus. Altitude ae fo a4 5 tn, Diam, 1atOr |. ee eee Aperture, alt. =; ee” na 5 diam. es; ee Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—10 fathoms. Allied to G. phedra, Melvill, from the Mekran Coast; the spire is, however, more obtuse and the sculpture coarser below and finer above; the whorls are also more convex than is the case in G. phedra. Gibbula cen, sp. nov. Shell perforate, turbinately conical, yellowish grey; whorls 5, shouldered above, flattish below, sculptured with coarse spiral liree crossed by transverse striz, presenting a cancellate appearance ; sutures not very well defined; umbilicus rather broad, deep; aperture sub-circular ; edge of peristome acute, a thickening appear- ing just within the aperture. Altitude ae a 98°50" mM: Diam., major .. fe $3925. os. Aperttre, alt... 25. ie, diam. ae is Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—Io0 fathoms. Margarita ponsonbyt, sp. nov. Shell small, globosely depressed, pale greenish, iridescent, white, painted with oblique, interrupted bands of dark green ; whorls 4, very finely, spirally striate, and transversely marked with lines of growth; sutures impressed; umbilicus narrow, partly concealed by the projection of the columella; columella arched ; peristome acute , aperture almost circular. Altitude - Le 2375, 1m. Diam., major .. mee 425s Aperture,.alt. .. as 22a en diam. 2 Habitat—Off Port Blair, “Andaman ‘Islands, 7—10 fathoms. 202 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. [VOL:SE An extremely beautiful little species and easily distinguished from any other member of the group. Just inside the aperture appear two shelly ridges, probably the remains of the outer lip at past rest periods. Solariella dulcissima, sp. nov. Shell depressedly conoid, somewhat obtusely keeled, white, painted above with large blotches of crimson, narrow radiating bands of the white ground colour appearing at irregular intervals between these; base of shell painted with rows of dark crimson dashes and flecked with spots and blotches of a lighter shade of the same colour between the rows and towards the periphery ; whorls 44, sculptured throughout with very fine, spiral lira crossed by minute transverse strie giving a finely granular appearance to the shell ; sutures impressed ; umbilicus moderately wide, bordered by two coarse whitish ribs, the lower and coarser of which is nodulous; aperture roundly ovate; peristome simple; interior of shell iridescent, spirally striate. Altitude 4 mim. Diam., major .. me 10875 as Aperture, alt. 3 a a diam. SUN hoe oer. Habitat—Off Port Blair, Andaman Islands, 7—I10 fathoms. A comparison may be made between this species and S. variabtlis, A. Ad.; itis, however, thinner in texture, flatter and more keeled at the periphery; the umbilicus is also narrower and the general sculpture is much finer than in S. varzabilis. Stomatella crenulata, sp. nov. Shell roundly auriform, somewhat depressed, pale pinkish yellow, mottled with oblique streaks and blotches of crimson fading to red and green; whorls 5, sculptured with light spiral ridges; the interstices marked with fine, wavy, spiral striz except on the base of the shell where these last are absent, both crossed with transverse striee presenting a slightly beaded or granular appearance; sutures crenulate above, incised below; columella descending obliquely in a rounded curve; umbilical region surrounded by a broad white callus; peristome acute; interior of shell highly iridescent. Altitude = 4.012) (mim: Diam.; major .. LON Sea - minor .. Lee 52ers: Aperture, alt. .. 2. «IO 55 diam. © Eso: Habitat—Andaman Islands. 1908. | Records of the Indian ALluseum. 203 Macroschisma elegans, sp. nov. Shell oblong, yellowish white, rayed and blotched with rose colour, cancellated with concentric and transverse strie, the latter becoming much coarser anteriorly ; fissure straight below, narrow- ing towards the apex, a wide, shallow, white channel leading from it to the posterior margin; peristome acute anteriorly, thick posteriorly and laterally. Altitude ne gee 3225 Tal: Diam., major .. tx LO eines Gee Sim LoS Habitat—Andaman Islands. d) Lucapinella gaylorde, sp. nov. Shell oblong ovate, laterally contracted, posteriorly somewhat dilated, greenish white, irregularly rayed with blackish brown, roughly sculptured with scaly radiate ribs and concentric grooves : fissure ovate, contracted near both ends; peristome laterally blunt, acute at the ends ; interior of shell white ; callus-rim of fissure thick , crenulate. Diam., major .. .. 10775 mm. eo MetnInOT ee 525 hy) Altitude ” Acme@a semicornea, sp. nov. Shell semicorneous, depressedly conical, irregularly subquadrate, pale yellowish brown, sculptured with fine radiating transverse ribs crossed by concentric strize, presenting a very finely cancellate appearance; edge of peristome finely crenulate; apex simple, placed slightly to one side ; anterior end of shell shortened ; posterior end broadly produced. Altitude 2a nin Diam: major ~~. tet) 3 - MMOr |e ne eel Habitat—Andaman Islands. Allied to Sutura fluviatilis, Blanf.,' from the delta of the Irra- wady river; the apex of the present species is, however, less central, the sculpture is much finer and more cancellate, the general texture is also more horny and the peristome is crenulate, which does not appear to be the case in S. fluviatzlis. Of three young specimens of this species in the British Museum labelled ‘‘ Andaman Islands,” and presented by Colonel L.. Worthing- ton Wilmer, one bears traces of being rayed with rusty brown, a 1 Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxxvi, pt. 2, 1867; p. 62; pl. ii, figs. 2—4. 204 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. [VOrall, character which is quite absent in the remaining two and in those in the Warneford collection. There is also a note attached to the British Museum specimens stating that they were found attached to Mytilus, but there is no means of ascertaining how Mr. Warneford’s specimens were actually obtained. Chlamys andamanicus, sp. nov. Shell ovate, nearly equilateral, bright orange colour throughout, streaked and flecked especially on the upper part of the shell with white, both valves bearing about 60 fine, closely set, scaly riblets ; auricule small, very unequal, the anterior large, curved below, the posterior sloping obliquely, both sculptured with scaly riblets. Long. ee ba? #05) inline Lat. Nd i Ge 75ee Habitat—Andaman Islands. Modtola cymbula, sp. nov. Shell elongately trapezoidal, pale yellowish brown, except at posterior end of ventral surface where it is of a pale reddish chest- nut colour, concentrically striate with lines of growth, the pos- terior ventral surface longitudinally wrinkled; anterior lateral margin almost straight; posterior lateral margin sloped ; ventral margin contracted towards the middle; umboes small, purple; in- terior of shell pale flesh colour, rapidly deepening to purple and blackish purple towards the dorsal region. Long. ea oe) 22o25 mains Lat. = set) ied Fe Habitat—Andaman Islands. Modiola zebra, sp. nov. Shell mytiliform, curved, red elegantly rayed with bluish black inequidistant stripes, stained and polished with rich chestnut at the posterior side of the ventral margin, concentrically striate with irregular lines of growth; posterior side short, contracted ; anterior side fan shaped ; umboes high, narrow, whitish. Long. Sg S24 #35 tt Lat. ee! ape Habitat—Andaman Islands. Allied to M. gubernaculum, Dunk.,' of which the habitat is unknown ; it is, however, more elongately oblong, and the system of painting is quite different ; the umboes also are much narrower and higher and do not show the purple colouring so conspicuous in that species. | Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 361. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 205 Barbatia cancellata, sp. nov. Shell acuminately ovate, very inequilateral, gaping towards the anterior side, sculptured with oblique transverse ribs and somewhat distant concentric ridges, covered with a yellowish brown periostracum, a tuft of bristly hairs appearing posteriorly at the points of contact of the transverse ribs and concentric ridges ; anterior side somewhat truncate; posterior side produced, roundly acuminate; dorsal margin straight; ventral margin anteriorly very oblique, posteriorly rounded ; umboes broad, rather prominent. Long. ae yo -£3.. “mim. Lat. ai fe 2A Ay, Habitat—Andaman Islands. Crassatella radiata, Sow., var. obsoleta, var. nov. Differing from the typical form in almost totally lacking the coloured rays which are so conspicuous a character of the species ; in the present variety these only appear as indistinct spots and small blotches of a pale rusty red. Habitat— Andaman Islands. Kellia mirabilis, sp. nov. Right valve oblong-subquadrate, rather tumid, inequilateral, yellowish white, with a broad bluish white central oblique band extending from the umboes to the ventral margin, sculptured throughout with wavy punctate ridges presenting a curious and beautifully fine, granular appearance ; anterior side rather short, rounded ; posterior side more angularly rounded ; ventral margin straight. Long. ae soe IT mm. Lat. 2 15°25 Habitat—Andaman Islands. 9) It is impossible to adequately describe the wonderful sculp- ture of this shell which is so striking in every way and so widely different from any hitherto described species of the genus, that I have considered the single valve represented in the Warneford collection worthy of special notice and description. Scintilla citrina, sp. nov. Shell oval, translucent, pale lemon colour, concentrically striate with lines of growth, faintly scratched with very fine trans- verse strie ; anterior side rounded ; posterior side slightly acumi- nate below ; lateral margin sloped ; umboes small but prominent. Long. = - 7a) Tim at: oi Pe 0) Habitat—Andaman Islands. ” 200 H. B. PRESTON:: New species of Shells. [VoLeaL, Scintilla elongata, sp. nov. Shell oblong-elongate, nearly equilateral, rather convex, gaping in the middle, concentrically striate, polished, semi-transparent white, minutely freckled throughout with opaque milk-white spots ; anterior side rounded ; posterior side somewhat angularly rounded ; dorsal margin straight ; ventral margin contracted in the middle. Long. ae ae 6 mm. Lat. a ie 13 Habitat—Andaman Islands. Scintilla perplexa, sp. nov. Shell oblong, nearly closed, semi-transparent, cream colour, finely, concentrically striate and bearing traces of very fine oblique, transverse striz; anterior side obtusely angled ; posterior side rather larger than anterior side, somewhat squarely rounded, expanded above and more inflated. Long. ux so 7 min. Lat. os iy maka) Ea Ga Habitat—Andaman Islands. 1) Scintilla translucida, sp. nov. Shell roundly ovate, moderately compressed, very thin, transparent, marked with very minute transverse strize and con- centric lines of growth, some of which are milky white; slightly gaping at both ends; umboes small, nearly central. Long. we « Lt mm. Lat...s: ay a sul © Les Habitat—Andaman Islands. Allied to S. jukest, Desh., from Australia; the present species is, however, much thinner, more transparent and more roundly ovate; it is also polished, whereas S. jukest is quite dull and opaque. Hemicardium hystrix, Reeve, var. brevispinosa, var. nov. Distinguished from the typical form by its much shorter and more closely set spines, and by the absence of the scarlet lines in the interstices between the ribs ; the pink colouring is also confined to the extreme umbonal region and lateral margins. Habitat—Andaman Islands. All the specimens examined from the Andamans are identical! in these respects, and it appears to be a well-marked local variety. 1908. | Records of the Indian ALfuseum. 20 a Tapes albomarginata, sp. nov. Shell ovate, flesh coloured, obsoletely rayed with purple, sculptured with regular, prominent, raised lire; anterior side somewhat angularly rounded; posterior side almost truncately obtuse; dorsal margins gently sloped ; lateral and ventral margins creamy white; umboes small, white, stained with pale, livid purple. Long. a ...- 24° mm. Lat. bi era sat Habitat—Andaman Islands. Batissa capillata, sp. nov. Shell sub-trigonal, inequilateral, thick, rather inflated, covered with a dark, brownish black periostracum except in the umbonal region where erosion has taken place, sculptured with coarse, irregular, concentric growth-lines which are obliquely crossed posteriorly with coarse hair-like ridges; anterior side somewhat angularly rounded; posterior side slightly produced, obscurely angled; ventral margin rounded; ligament large, prominent ; cardinal teeth broad and very coarse; anterior lateral teeth elon- gated, finely striate; interior of shell purplish white, the purple staining deepening posteriorly. Long. si 2.74 mot; Lat. ae ea Habitat—Andaman Islands. > Diplodonta insulsa, sp. nov. Shell obliquely sub-ovate, yellowish white, marked with fine, concentric growth-lines ; anterior side obliquely rounded ; posterior side rounded; dorsal margins gently sloped; ventral margin rounded ; umboes small, not prominent. Long. a aoe Oye atte Tat. ae Re (0) Habitat—Andaman Islands. 2:9: Donax nuxfagus, sp. nov. Shell elongately oblong, yellowish flesh coloured, sculptured with fine, closely set transverse striz and posteriorly with irregular, concentric grooves disappearing towards the middle of the shell ; anterior side produced, rounded; posterior side acuminately rounded ; anterior lateral margin gently sloped ; posterior lateral margin more abruptly sloped ; ventral margin undulately rounded ; umboes rather large, livid purple. Long. x se 30,2 mam: Lat. a 430 Seo eae Habitat—Andaman Islands. 208 H. B. PRESTON: New species of Shells. [Vouetl, Donax tiesenhausent, sp. nov. Shell wedge shaped, yellowish, rayed with greyish purple, sculptured with very fine, concentric striz and fine nearly obsolete transverse strize, both becoming so much coarser posteriorly as to give that part of the shell a cancellate appearance; anterior side produced, obtusely rounded; posterior side abruptly truncate ; anterior lateral margin gently, concavely sloped; posterior lateral margin arched ; ventral margin straight ; umboes white. Long. a Wewar eke nachos Lat. oe yeti i) md Habitat—Andaman Islands. Donax trigonalts, sp. nov. Shell almost trigonal, convex, very truncate, pale bluish flesh colour, tinged posteriorly with livid purple, partly covered with a thin, yellowish periostracum, sculptured with fine concentric lines of growth and posteriorly with fine longitudinal striae which become gradually coarser, giving to this part of the shell a cancellate appearance ; anterior lateral margin sloped; posterior margin des- cending very abruptly; ventral margin rounded ; umboes large, but not prominent; interior of shell pale flesh colour, changing to blackish purple in places. Long. es: Ae SOom stati: Lat. a ee Habitat—Andaman Islands. 339 This species differs from Donax incarnatus, Chem., to which it appears to be most nearly related, by its more truncate form, more rounded ventral and straighter posterior margins. Psammobia obtusa, sp. nov. Shell ovately transverse, pale mauve, blotched and mottled with a darker shade of the same colour and rayed with interrupted bands of reddish violet, sculptured throughout with fine, con- centric striz and oblique ridges which appear as irregular, waved plications posteriorly ; posterior side obtusely angled; anterior side rounded ; umboes central ; interior of shell mauve throughout. Long. Se i. 32445 Ts Tat: ee ue 2 a Habitat—Andaman Islands. The present species at first sight recalls P. ornata, Desh. ; it is, however, broader, shorter and more blunt on both sides than is that species, the mauve colour also easily distinguishes it from P. ornata, which is of a yellowish white colour; the coloration of the interior is also remarkable. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 209 Novaculina andamanensis, sp. nov. Shell oblong, elongate, inequilateral, constricted towards the middle, pure white, bearing traces of having been covered with a yellowish brown periostracum, concentrically striate; dorsal margin slightly sloped anteriorly ; ventral margin excavated in the middle, anterior side rounded; posterior side produced, somewhat angled below; umboes small. Long. = ae, 10550011. Lat. se ae BBs oa Habitat—Andaman Islands. Tellina cancellata, sp. nov. Shell white, roundly ovate, sculptured with fine, radiate ribs and concentric ridges presenting a delicately cancellate appearance ; posterior side slightly acuminate ; anterior side rounded. Long. fa = 2O?5 Ini, Teas es oe 7 Habitat—Andaman Islands. This species may be separated from S. pretiosa, Desh. (=costata, Sow.), its nearest relation, by its more oval form, less pointed postetior side and much finer and more delicate sculpture. Tellina incisa, sp. nov. Shell elongately oval, white, discoloured towards the umbona region with reddish yellow, shining, slightly iridescent, sculptured with concentric lines of growth and indistinct, irregular transverse strie; anterior side somewhat acuminate; posterior side bluntly beaked below, concavely truncate above, a notch appearing just above the termination of the beak which is stained a ferruginous brown; umboes small, inconspicuous. Long. ae ge) see 9 Wi: Lat. re Se 08 76s gee Habitat— Andaman Islands. Tellina jousseaumet, sp. Nov. Shell roundly ovate, sub-equilateral, nearly equivalve, the left valve somewhat compressed, chalky white, bearing traces of a pale, greenish brown periostracum, marked with rather coarse con- centric lines of growth and very fine, transverse striz ; anterior side rounded; posterior side more sharply rounded, flexuous, obtusely angled above ; umboes small, central. Long. ae ee -932°5. am. iat ne Habitat—Andaman Islands. oY 210 HH: B. PRESTON? New speciesof Shells. (VOL. 1),-1908.) Tellina magnifica, sp. nov. Shell oblong ovate, white, polished, shining, inequilateral, concentrically striate with lines of growth crossed by fine, trans- verse oblique strize, presenting a very finely cancellate appearance, especially in those regions which border on the lower and lateral margins of the right valve; anterior side acuminately rounded ; posterior side produced, flexuous, rostrate; ventral margin slightly rounded ; umboes small, rose coloured. Long. or Eg net: Ue senaauenk Lat: eas 505 Ia 7D i) Habitat—Andaman Islands. Strigilla densestriata, sp. nov. Shell sub-trigonal, slightly inequivalve, cream coloured, slightly flexuous posteriorly, sculptured on both valves anteriorly with concentric grooves, centrally with very fine, concentric striz, crossed by fine oblique transverse grooves, and posteriorly with very fine, transverse striz, and concentric grooves, the latter becoming much coarser near the margin ; posterior margin descend- ing obliquely and rather abruptly ; anterior margin less abrupt ; ventral margin rounded ; umboes small. Long. a se) VA05 yn Pat: a Pe By . Habitat— Andaman Islands. PE I SN tN eG Fic. H S) iT, OoOnN DU AWD 4 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. . Rissoina angusta. . Rissoina cylindrica. Rissoina leeta. . Rissoina pupiniformis. . Rissoina sculpturata. . Rissoina warnefordie. . Nassa gerstenbrandti. Nassa jucunda. . Nassa tristis. . Styloptygma andaman- ensis. Sitala denselii ata. Fic. 20; . Margarita ponsonbyi. . Risella balteata. . Solariella dulcissima. . Stomatella crenulata. . Tapes albomarginata. . Modiola zebra. . Modiola cymbula. . Chlamys andamanicus. Strigilla densestriata. 20A. Strigilla densestriata 21. (sculpture magnified). Tornatina conspicua. PLATE XIV, Rec. Inp. Mus., Vou. II, 1908. eS TSde tense Lae ra cae renee aN enna esi ANDAMAN SHELLS: . Melania expatriata. . Mangilia obtusa. . Mangilia andamanensis. . Mangilia exasperata. . Clathurella selli. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. 2. Melania charon. Fie. . Melania multistriata. . Conus edwardi. > Fe | . Columbella suavis. . Haminia callosa. . Lucapinella gaylorde. . Macroschisma elegans. 34. Drillia fraga. _ Drillid sikesi. . Eulima balteata. 37: Gyrineum wilmeriana. Fie. 38. Menestho acuminata. PLATE XY: i) -m Rec. IND. Mus., Vou. II, 1908. 34. ANDAMAN SHELLS. EXPLANATION . Batissa capillata. . Novaculina andaman- ensis. . Psammobia obtusa. . Gibbula cceni. . Gibbula ahena. . Leptothyra solida. . Narica depressa. . Acmezea semicornea. . Barbatia cancellata. . Kellia mirabilis. OF Pre: PLATE XVI. 48A; Kellia mirabilis (sculpture magnified). . Alaba warnefordiana. . Atys convexa. . Atys neglecta. . Atys pacei. . Atys vixumbilicata. . Diplodonta insulsa. . Donax nuxfagus. . Donax tiesenhauseni. . Donax trigonalis. REc. I Renee: 4 iS IND. Mus., Vou. II, 1908. aS < fares ERS ae AORN a Laeengcs AN DAMAN SiLELLS, PLATE XVI. Fig. 58. Tellina cancellata. 2: Fic. 64 58A. Tellina cancellata ,, 65. (sculpture magnified). ,, 66. 59. Tellina incisa. fe 7: 60. Tellina jousseaumel. », 68 61. Tellina magnifica. OO: 62. Pleurotoma rimata. 5 70: 63. Terebra carnicolor. spe ay bee EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. . Terebra rubrobrunnea. Terebra unicolor. Turbonilla foveolata. Mitra warnefordiana. Mitra emiliz. Scintilla translucida. Scintilla citrina. Scintilla elongata. Fie. 72. Scintilla perplexa. PEAbe vais Rec. Inv. Mus., Vou. II. 1908. ANDAMAN SHELLS. ae ’ : ; : ; th ; : ; : ie \ . ; ae : ; \ s . - , 1 7 a ; 7 : A , : & : ; 4 A eos va ‘ == . ‘ 7 : : ; \ re { ; : . ‘eZ i = m ‘ i : ERRATA. Page 249, line 5 from bottom. For “‘ figs. 2 and 3” read “‘ figs. 2 and I.” 253, under “Mishmi average” and opposite ‘‘ Length of horn.) lor -° 57, ..7eaa: "500," +” XT Ahr AUNA] OF BRACKISH: -PONDS AT PORT, CANNING, LOWER: BENGAL. PART X.—DECAPOD CRUSTACEA, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF A SMALL, COLLECTION FROM BRACKISH WATER NEAR CALCUTTA AND IN THE Dacca District, EASTERN BENGAL, By Dr. J. G. DE Man, Ierseke, Holland. The collection of Decapod Crustacea, chiefly gathered in brackish water ponds at Port Canning, comprises eleven species, three of which are new to science. Very interesting are also the numerous specimens of Palemon lamarret, H. M. Edw., a species that, since its first description in 1837, did no more appear in literature, or that has been misunderstood. The collected species are the following :— Scylla serrata (Forsk.), de Haan. Tympanomerus stapletont, sp. nov. Pachygrapsus propinquus, sp. nov. Varuna litterata (Fabr.), M. Edw. Metaplax dentipes (Heller). Leander, sp. Palemon (Eupbalemon) lamarret, H. M. Edw. Palemon, sp. Caridina, sp. Caridina propinqua, sp. nov. Candina nilotica (Roux), var. bengalensis, vat. nov. The last-mentioned species is described in another paper, which appears at p. 255 of this Journal, entitled ‘‘ On Caridina nilotica (Roux) and its varieties.” 1. Scylla serrata (Forsk.), de Haan. Scylla serrata (Forsk.), de Haan, Alcock, ‘‘ Materials for a Car- cinological Fauna of India,” No. 4, pt. ii, Calcutta, 1899, p. 27 (ubt synon.). Two young males and a female of medium size from Port Can- ning (estuary of the Matla River). | The carapace of the female is 95 mm. broad and 64 mm. long. Outer angle of the wrist of the chelipedes with one small spine. In the smaller of the two males the last antero-lateral spine of the carapace is distinctly larger than the rest ; the distance between the tips of these teeth, 7.e., the greatest breadth of the carapace, mea- 212. J. G. pE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vot. II, sures 20 mm., whereas it is 13°3 mm. long without the abdomen. Frontal lobes rounded, little prominent. In the other male, the carapace of which is 38 mm. broad and 25°5 mm. long, the last antero-lateral tooth is hardly larger than the rest and the four frontal lobes are already triangular, the lateral lobes being subacute. In this specimen the anterior margin of the right chelipede carries four spines, that of the left, as usually, three; in both males there is also but one small spine on the outer side of the wrist. 2. Tympanomerus stapletom, sp. nov. (Plate xviii, fig. 1.) Forty-seven males and fifteen females, four of which are egg- bearing. They were collected by Mr. H. E. Stapleton in the Dacca District from a tidal river, the water of which is more or less brackish throughout the year. Reg. No. S137, IO As has already been observed by Col. Alcock (Journal A static Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix, pt. ti, No. 3, I9g00, p. 371) the name Tym- panomerus is a most unfortunate one, for, both in Tymp. orientalis (de M.) and in the present species, there are no tympana on the me- ropodites of the ambulatory legs; it is only in Tymp. pusillus (de Haan), from Japan, that small tympana exist on the meropodites of the last pair of legs. Specimens of Tymp. ortentalis and Tymbp. pusillus are lying before me. Tymp. stapletont is intermediate in size between the two other species; it is somewhat larger than Tymp. orientalis but it does not attain the size of Tymp. pusillus. Both in the male and in the female the distance between the outer orbital angles is one-fifth longer than the length of the carapace, the epistome excluded. From the middle of the cardiac region the upper surface gradually slopes down towards the fronto-orbital margin and towards the moderately deflexed front. As in the two other species, the intestinal region, which is smooth and obliquely deflexed downward, is bounded anteriorly by a transverse ridge that runs between the coxee of the fifth pair of legs; the intestinal area appears in Tymp. stapletoni higher (longer) in proportion to its breadth than in the two other species. Whereas in Tymp. staple- tont the transverse ridge runs quite parallel with the posterior margin of the carapace, it curves, laterally, a little backward in Tymp. pusillus; the posterior margin of the carapace measures, in Tymp. stapletont, two-thirds the distance between the outer orbital angles. The other regions are not or very indistinctly defined. Somewhat nearer to the transverse ridge just described than to a line uniting the outer angles of the orbits, the shallow, transverse, median part of the cervical groove is situated, which median part is interrupted in the middle. The depressed upper surface is marked with transverse, symmetrically arranged, short, impressed lines, which are more numerous on the lateral regions than on the 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 213 gastric area; they are wanting on the deflexed, somewhat pubes- cent, branchial regions and near the transverse, intestinal ridge. On the lateral regions of the carapace these lines are situated on transverse, pubescent ridges and prominences with crenulated margins. The anterior margin of the front measures one-fourth the distance between the outer orbital angles, and reaches in the middle further forward than at its rounded lateral angles; the lateral margins of the front are first slightly directed inward and then pass with a regular curve into the sinuous, transverse, upper margin of the orbits. The upper surface of the front is broadly and rather deeply grooved in the middle, whereas the lateral parts carry five or six oblique, impressed lines at either side. The orbits are transverse as in Tymp. orientalis and almost once and a half as broad as the front. The antero-lateral portion of the lateral borders of the carapace, formed by the extraorbital and by the epibranchial tooth, slightly diverges, whereas the postero- lateral portion slightly converges backward. ‘The outer margin of the extraorbital tooth is at a right angle with the upper orbital margin, so that the extraorbital tooth is not very sharp and moder- ately prominent. The epibranchial tooth, hardly discernible when the carapace is looked at from above, appears, in a lateral view of the latter (fig. Ic), as a tooth larger than the extraorbital one, from which it is separated by a deep, vertical notch, the an- terior margin of the epibranchial tooth being at a right angle with the outer margin of the other. Whereas the margins of the extra- orbital and of the epibranchial tooth are rather sharp and con- tinuous, the postero-lateral margins are often interrupted and appear therefore ill defined; the oblique, ciliated line on the sides of the carapace is directed towards the posterior end of the epibran- chial tooth. In Tymp. pusillus the postero-lateral margin is well defined and the epibranchial tooth is obtuse, but quite visible from above, as it projects laterally beyond the small extraorbital tooth ; this is also the case in Tym. orientalis, but the divergent, antero- lateral margin is here much longer, and the oblique, ciliated line runs to the middle of the lateral border of the carapace (compare de Man, Zoolog. Jahrb. (Spengel), iv, 1889, p. 448). Eye peduncles stout, smooth, transverse ; eyes terminal. An- tennules folding obliquely. Lobe or tooth on the posterior margin of the epistome triangular, acute, very prominent. Lower margin of the orbits finely serrated, running nearly as in Tymp. pusillus, but less prominent; no tooth therefore at the outer angle, as is observed in Tymp. orientalis. Pterygostomian region finely granu- lated and ciliated, as in Tymp. pusillus, but the lower, oblique groove that runs from the antero-external angle of the buccal frame obliquely backward, is very shallow and situated nearer to the lower orbital margin than to the lateral margin of the buccal frame, whereas in Tymp. pusillus it runs farther distant from the orbital margin than from the buccal frame. Posterior margin of the buccal frame (fig. 10) once and a half as broad as the distance between its antero-external angles, and 214 J. G. DE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou. II, measuring two-thirds the greatest width. External maxillipeds shutting closely together. Ischium alittle broader than long, its antero-internal angle produced, antero-external corner situated lower than the rest of the surface and bounded by a hairy line that runs obliquely from the outer margin to the antero-internal angle. Merus a little longer than the ischium and, though slightly broader than long, hardly as broad as the latter; this joint is sculptured with a sort of Y-shaped sulcus starting from the antero- external angle, as in Tymp. orientalis, but the outer branch is shorter and reaches hardly beyond the middle of the joint. Car- pus ovate, concave, two last joints cylindrical. The outer margin of merus and ischium combined is regularly arcuate. Exognath completely concealed. Sternum and abdomen are smooth. The abdomen (fig. Id) of the male, which somewhat more resembles that of Tymp. orientalis than that of Tymp. pusillus, is 7-jointed. ‘The terminal or seventh segment is, in the adult male, 1°5 mm. long,' and its posterior margin is 1°35 mm. broad ; the lateral margins are a little concave and the tip is rounded. ‘The penultimate segment, I°I mm. long, is a little shorter than the terminal, and as its lateral margins are convex, it presents its greatest breadth of 1°88 mm. in the middle, appearing almost twice as broad as long. The fifth joint is 1°52 mm. long, 7.e., as long as the terminal segment, and, being strongly con- stricted just behind the middle, appears time-glass-shaped ; the anterior margin of this joint is 1°6 mm. broad, the posterior 1°72 mm. and at the constriction it is 1° mm. broad. ‘The fourth joint is 0°96 mm. long, two-thirds of the preceding and its straight, posterior margin, 2°52 mm. broad, is 24-times as broad as this joint is long. The third joint is 1°14 mm. long, a little longer than the fourth, and, as its margins are somewhat arcuate, it is 3°1 mm. broad, also two and a half times as broad as long, like the preceding segment. The second segment is very short, 0°62 mm. long, half as long as the third and 2°76 mm. broad. ‘The first joint, finally, is the shortest and the broadest of all, 0°32 mm. long and 3°2 mm. broad; the posterior margin of the sternum, however, between the coxe of the fifth legs, is 446 mm. broad. The broad abdomen of the female much resembles that of Tymp. pusillus;; the terminal joint, which is rounded at the tip, is 1°04 mm. long and its posterior margin is I°9 mm. broad. Chelipedes equal both in the male and in the female. The chelipedes of the male (fig. 1) more resemble those of Tymp. pbusillus (de Haan) than those of Tym. orientalis; they are just twice the length of the carapace and are thus rather short. The margins of the arm are unarmed, but they are granular, especially the upper one, the outer surface is nearly smooth, though a few microscopical granules are scattered on it, mostly near the upper margin ; the granules are only visible by means of alens. The upper surface of the carpal joints, which resemble those of Tymp. pusillus, 1 All the joints are measured in the middle. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 215 is smooth, their inner border is unarmed but microscopically granu- lar, and one observes also a tuft of hair on the inner side just below the inner margin. Measured horizontally, the length (6-4 mm.) of the chelee (fig. Ie) appears equal to that of the carapace, whereas the fingers, measuring one-third that length, appear half as long as the palm ; the palm, 4'4 mm. long and 3 mm. high, isa little longer than high and the chele are, therefore, twice as long as high. The very finely granulated upper margin of the palm is obtuse, but in Tymp. pusillus the upper margin appears slightly compressed ; the convex, outer surface of the palm is nearly smooth, but the rounded lower border appears again very finely granular, when examined under a lens, and this fine granulation extends nearly to the end of the immobile finger. Like the outer, so also the inner surface of the palm is marked with dark reticulate lines; on the inner surface these lines are finely granular. The straight, upper margin of the very oblique dactylus is also finely granular, but the granules are wanting along the middle line; the outer surface is slightly convex, smooth, somewhat punctate, and the prehensile edge carries eleven or twelve small teeth of equal size along its whole length. In Tymp. pusillus the outer side of the immobile finger is obtusely carinate longitudinally, though the granulate carina does not reach to the tip; in 7ymp. stapletoni this carina is hardly discernible and the outer side of the finger is smooth ; the immobile finger which is in a line with the lower margin of the palm is also finely denticulate like the dactylus. -The fingers, which have slightly excavated tips, are, in younger males, comparatively longer. The chelipedes of the female that are shorter than the legs, resemble those of Tymp. pusillus ; the chelee are half as long as the length of the carapace and the fingers that have broad-tipped, spoon-shaped extremities are slightly longer than the palm; the immobile finger is carinate longitudinally on its outer side. The two middle pairs of ambulatory legs are a little longer than the others ; in the adult male the legs of the antepenultimate pair are just twice as long as the distance between the outer orbital angles. Tymp. stapletont is a species 7m which the meropodites carry no trace at all of “ tympana,”’ and proves more than any other the unfitness of the name of the genus: The meropodites are moder- ately dilated, so, e.g., are those of the antepenultimate pair little more than twice as long as broad, being 5 mm. long and 2°25 mm. broad in the middle. Their unarmed upper margin is granulated, and on the meropodites of the three first pairs the granules extend almost to the middle of the outer surface, but those of the last pair are nearly smooth; the lower margin is also finely granulated. The two following joints are less strongly compressed than those of Tymp. pusillus and are smooth, though somewhat punctate; finally, the terminal joints, which are compressed laterally, are a little shorter than the propodites. Eggs very numerous, small, globular, 0'28—o°3 mm. broad. Upper surface of the carapace dark blue, chelipedes and legs 216 J. G. pe Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou II, marbled with partly reticulate, darker lines on a pale, olivaceous ground-colour ; fingers ochraceous towards the tip. Ischium and posterior part of the merus of the outer foot-jaws and adjacent parts of the pterygostomian region whitish. Sternum and abdomen mottled with very small, dark points. Measurements in millimetres. od oi Ovigerous Distance between the outer orbital Q angles Sen 9 re Ve OPO. as Greatest breadth of carapace .. 9 S449 6°5 Length of carapace, without epi- stome se O04 6 5I 5 Length of the chelipedes 13 jag ee ag A ee oe Length of the antepenultimatelegs 15 1475 9 9°5 3. Pachygrapsus propinquus, sp. nov. (Plate xviii, fig. 2.) A young male and a somewhat larger, sterile female from brackish water pools at Port Canning, Lower Bengal. Carapace quadrangular, the distance between the outer orbital angles being one-third greater than the length. Upper surface depressed, very slightly arched transversely and longitudinally. Cervical groove quite distinct, interrupted at either side of the transverse median part, which is a little arcuate and placed imme- diately behind the middle. For the rest the regions are not defined, except the posterior cardiac area, which is indistinctly separated by shallow grooves from the branchial regions. Lateral margins of the carapace moderately convergent posteriorly, slightly concave in the middle, with no tooth or spine behind the acute outer orbital angles, that are directed outward. Branchial regions with eight or nine oblique, linear ridges, that barely extend on to the horizontal part of the upper surface; there is but a single transverse ridge on the hepatic regions, about midway between the orbits and the lateral parts of the cervical groove. Front little more than half as broad as the distance between the outer orbital angles; it is strongly deflexed, though it is still partly visible when the carapace is looked at from above. Frontal lobes four in number, rounded, little prominent; lateral lobes a little broader than the internal ones; lower margin of the front very slightly concave in the middle, as in Pach. minutus. Anterior half of the gastric region and frontal lobes with numerous, transverse markings that are continued on to the front ; the rest of the upper surface perfectly smooth. Posterior margin of the carapace about three-fourths the breadth of the front. . Orbits moderately oblique, eye-peduncles nearly smooth. Lower margin of the orbits sharp ; opposite the basal part of the eye-peduncle, between its base and the cornea, the infraorbital 1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 217 margin is divided into three or four small obtuse teeth and the arcuate, inner part appears somewhat uneven; the outer part of the margin carries a small, rounded notch not far from the outer orbital angle, and appears for the rest entire. Between the crenulate anterior margin of the buccal cavity and the arcuate, inner part of the infraorbital margin one observes a small, obtuse, dentiform lobe, at some distance from the anterolateral angle of the buccal cavity ; in Pach, minutus this lobe is broader, transverse, almost contiguous to the antero-lateral angle of the buccal cavity and nearly in a line with the anterior margin of the latter. Subhepatic and subbranchial regions smooth, though pubescent. Lobe or tooth near the arcuate, inner part of the orbital margin triangular, sub- acute, separated by a rather broad hiatus from the front. External maxillipeds (fig. 2a) as in Pach. minutus, a male specimen of which from the Bay of Batavia is lying before me; in- ner margin of the ischium straight (in Pach. levis, Borr., concave), merus slightly broader than long, little shorter than the ischium, its inner angle obtuse, less produced than in Pach. levis. Terminal segment (fig. 2b) of the male abdomen obtuse, almost as long as broad at base and distinctly longer than the penultimate segment ; sternum and abdomen smooth. Outer and inner sides of the merus of the right chelipede (the left is wanting in both specimens) furnished with transverse, squami- form, pubescent ridges, lower margin denticulate and with a sharp spine at the far end; anterior margin with a large, acute spine distally, followed on the distal margin by two smaller ones and preceded by three or four very small, acute teeth. Upper surface of the carpus with transverse and oblique ridges and with a small acute spine at the inner angle. Chela (fig. 2c) less convex than in Pach. minutus, upper margin of the palm with finely granular, oblique ridges, outer surface very finely granular, the granules only visible through a lens; astrong longitudinal ridge runs from near the tip of the immobile finger until near the carpal articulation; lower side of the palm with oblique markings and ridges. Fingers a little shorter than the palm, dactylus granular above and at its base, outer side of the fingers and lower margin of the index smooth ; tips of the fingers spoon-like, glabrous. Ambulatory legs (fig. 2) slenderer than those of Pach. minutus. Meri with transverse ridges on their outer surface and with an acute tooth above ; the meri of the first pair are armed with two strong spines at the far end of their lower margin, those of the two middle legs with three and those of the last pair also with two, but on the three posterior legs these teeth are smaller than the two spines with which the lower margin of the meri of the Ist pair is armed. The three last joints are bristly and the dactyli, which are slightly curved at the acuminate tips, are but little shorter than the propodites. Pachygrapsus levis, Borr., from Funafuti (Proc. Zool. Soc., L900, p.. 592, pl. xiii, fig.: 7). is ne doubt difterent. ~-Of the ‘sitigle female on which this species was founded, the distance between the ‘218 J. G. p—E Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vox II, outer orbital angles should be 7°5 mm., the length 6 mm., but the abdomen is apparently included, for, according to the figure, the length appears to be 5 mm., so that in this species the carapace is broader in proportion to its length, being just once and a half as broad as long. The frontal lobes are seven in number, the front is broader and the external maxillipeds are also different. Pachygrapsus longipes, Rathb. (Proc. National Museum, xvi, 1893, p. 247, and Bull. U. S. Fish Commission for 1903, Wash., 1906, p. 840, pl. villi, fig. 7), from Honolulu, appears to resemble very much Pach. planifrons, de.Man, from the Bay of Batavia (Archiv. f. Naturg., bd. 53, 1888; p. 368, pl. xvi, fig. 2), but it is quite remarkable that neither Miss Rathbun nor Dr. Borradaile make mention of this species.' Unfortunately Miss Rathbun does not say whether, in Pach. longipes, the front is deflexed or not, but in the figure, published in 1906, the front resembles that of Pach. planifrons. According to this figure the propodal joints of the ambulatory legs should be slenderer than those of our species from Port Canning, so, ¢.g., the propodites of the penultimate pair appear, in that figure, four times as long as broad ; in the larger specimen of Pach. propinquus, however, these joints are three times as long as broad, v1z., 5 mm. long (measured along their posterior margin) and 16 mm. broad. I therefore suppose this Hawaiian form to be distinct from the species of the brackish pools at Port Canning. The slate-coloured upper surface of the carapace, and the red-brown legs are mottled with sma!l dark spots. Measurements of the two specimens in millimetres— Distance between the outer orbital angles .. 10°7 8°3 eneth. of carapace: ::. ee: es hea 6°25 Breadth of front: .. ae on ao 4°4 Breadth of posterior margin of carapace .. 4°5 3°5 4. Varuna litterata (Fabr.), M. Edw. Varuna litterata (Fabr.), M. Edw., Alcock, /.c., No. 6, 1900, Dsc401, Port Canning, brackish water pools, January 28—30, 1906, collected by Dr. N. Annandale, four males, two females (Reg. No. 215 ; Nov. 12, 1906, nine males, three females). 10 Backergunge, seven males, nine females, collected by H. E. Stapleton (Reg. No. ey Dhappa, near Calcutta, slightly brackish water, twenty-eight males, two females. All the specimens are young, the largest being a female from | I wish to call attention to the fact that in vol. xxv of the Zoological Record for 1888 my paper on the Crustacea collected by Dr. Brock (Archiv. f. Naturg., bd. 53, 1888) was mentioned in the List of Publications but not in the Systematic Part. The Zoological Recovd should not have been entrusted to such regardless authors. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 219 Port Canning, the carapace of which is 23 mm. long. The anterior margin of the front is straight or very slightly coneave. ‘The speci- mens gathered at Dhappa are the youngest of all, the carapace of the smallest being hardly 4 mm. long. 5. Metaplax dentipes (Heller). Helice dentipes, Heller, Crustaceen der Novara-Reise, 1865, p. 62, ply; fig..'5¢ Metaplax dentipes, de Man, in Journal Linnean Soc., xxii, 1888, p. 162, pl. xi, figs. r—3 ; Alcock, l.c., 1899, p. 433. A male and a female, both adult, from brackish water pools at Port Canning. The carapace of the male is 27°5 mm. broad and 20 mm. long, the epistome excluded. The infraorbital ridge consists of 23 lobules, that are quite typical. The penultimate segment of the abdomen is 3°5 mm. long, its anterior margin is 3°25 mm. broad, the posterior 5 mm., whereas the antepenultimate joint is 3 mm. long and the terminal joint as much. The musical crest does not reach to the middle of the anterior margin of the arm and does not extend as far as the ischium ; ina younger male from the Mergui Archipelago, lying before me, the crest is placed on the middle third of the anterior margin, conform- ably with my description of 1888; in this male the carapace is Ig mm. broad and 13°5 mm. long. The chelipedes of this male from Port Canning are equal, the chele are 26 mm. long, the palm 16°5 mm. long and 10°5 mm. high; the length of the palm is in proportion to its height as 13: 8°3, according to my paper of 1888 this proportion should be 13: 94 for Met. dentipes and 13: 8 for Met. distinctus, H. M. Edw. The chelz closely resemble, indeed, those of the latter species (de Man, /.c., pl. 10, fig. 9), as regards their shape and the serrations of the fingers. The carapace of the female is 22 mm. broad and 16°5 mm. long, the infraorbital ridge consists of 23 lobules and hardly reaches beyond the lower margin of the orbits. The chelipedes are equal, 21 mm. long, almost as long as the carapace is broad; the two lower mar- gins of the arm are finely denticulate, the outer surface granular, the upper margin hairy. Upper surface of the wrist minutely granu- lar; chele 10 mm. long, about three times as long as high, fingers a little longer than the palm, the outer surface of which is minutely granular. In my work on the Crustacea collected by Capt. Storm I have pointed out that the ambulatory legs of Met. elegans, de M., are slenderer in the male than in the female (Zoolog. Jahrb. (Spengel), viii, Abth. f. Svst. 1895, p. 506); the same difference is presented by the male and female of Met. dentipes, the ambu- latory legs being much slenderer in the male than in the female. So, e.g., are the legs of the penultimate pair of the male 56 mm. long, those of the female 41 mm., about twice as long as the carapace is broad; the meropodites of these legs are, in the male, 20 mm. long and 5°3 mm, broad; in the female, however, 14°5 mm. long 220 J. G. DE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. ([Vot. II, and 5°5 mm. broad, appearing, in the latter, considerably broader than in the male ; the following joints are also slenderer in the male. The upper margin of the meropodites of the four ambulatory legs is armed, in the female, with an acute tooth near the distal end and this tooth is preceded, on the antepenultimate and penultimate pairs, by nine or ten smaller teeth that gradually become smaller. In the adult male the subdistal tooth is present on the meropodites of the four legs, but it is comparatively smaller than in the female, and the teeth that precede it, on the antepenultimate and penulti- mate pairs, are quite rudimentary, hardly recognizable. The ambulatory legs of the male are everywhere tomentose, in the female the mero- and carpopodites are nearly glabrous. Geographical distribution: Ceylon (Heller), Mergui Archipe- lago (de Man), banks of the Hooghly, the mud-flats of Arakan, Tenasserim, and Mergui (Alcock). 6. Leander, sp. (Plate xvili, fig. 3.) Seventy specimens from Dhappa, near Calcutta, collected in slightly brackish water. These specimens are all young, the largest are 23 or 24 mm. long from tip of rostrum to end of telson, but the majority are still younger and of different size. They belong to the group of L. styliferus, M. Edw.=longirosiris, H. M. Edw. (Hist. Nat. Crust., ii, p. 394), L. tenutpes, Hend., L. japonicus, Ortm., L. carinatus, Ortm., L. hastatus, Auriv., etc., but they show differences from all these species. I stutppose, however, that these differences are juventle characters and I therefore do not wish to describe these specimens as a new species, for probably they will later prove to belong either to L. stvliferus or to L. tenuipes, the former of which inhabits an estuary of the Ganges, the Sunderbunds, Mergui, the Gulf of Martaban and Karachi, while the second has also been observed in the Gulf of Martaban, at Madras and at Bombay. The rostrum, the distal half of which is upturned, exceeds the antennal scales by one-third or one-fourth of its length, but in the youngest individuals it hardly reaches beyond them. The basal crest, which reaches to the end of the first joint of the antennular peduncle or to the middle of the second, is usually armed with six, more rarely with seven or five teeth ; these teeth are equti- distant or the first is a little farther distant from the second than the following from each other, and the first tooth is situated just above the orbital margin or, just behind it, on the carapace. There is but one apical tooth; only in one specimen was a trace of a second observed by means of the microscope; the lower margin carries usually five, more rarely six or four teeth; in the youngest specimens there are often only three. | Branchiostegal spine a little larger than the antennal spine. Abdominal segments not carinate ; in one of the largest specimens, the carapace of which is 9 mm. long, the rostrum included, and 3°9 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 221 mm. without it, the sixth segment of the abdomen is 2°4 mm. long, almost two-thirds the length of the carapace without the rostrum. The telson (fig. 3), distinctly longer than the sixth segment, reaches almost to the level of the spine on the outer margin of the exopodite of the caudal fin; the strongly tapering telson terminates in a slender, acute, median point or spine, the short, subterminal, outer spinules hardly reach to the middle of the median spine, but the inner spinules are almost twice as long as the median point. The two pairs of spinules on the upper surface are situated on its posterior half. The shortest of the three antennular flagella extends by one- third of its length beyond the antennal scales. The spine at the outer margin of the antennal scales, is placed near the obtuse, oblique tip of the blade; the distance between the extremity of the blade and the tip of the spine measures only 7-4 the length of the outer margin of the scale. The legs of the first pair are slightly shorter than the antennal scales ; carpus and merus are of equal length and one-fifth or one- sixth longer than the chela (fig. 3a), which is four times as long as broad, and the fingers of which are a little longer than the palm. In one of the largest specimens the merus of first legsis I°4 mm. long, the carpus 1°45 mm.; the chela is 1'2 mm. long and 0'29 mm. broad. The legs of the second pair are equal and extend with the fin- gers beyond the antennal scales (fig. 30). Merus a little broader, but slightly shorter than the ischium, together as long as the chela. The carpus, which gradually thickens distally, measures two-thirds the length of the ischium and appears also distinctly shorter than the merus; its thickness at the distal end is about one-fourth its length. The chela much resembles that of L. tenuipes, Hend. (Hen- derson, ‘‘A Contribution to Indian Carcinology,” 1893, pl. 40, fig. 14). The chela appears, in the largest specimens, just as long as the carapace without the rostrum; the palm, which is somewhat inflated, is very slightly longer, but much thicker than the carpus, whereas the elongate, slender fingers are once and two-thirds as long as the palm ; the fingers have sharp cutting edges, but no teeth, and their apices are strongly curved inward; the palm appears in the middle once and a half as thick as the distal end of the carpus. The whole leg seems to be smooth. In one of the largest speci- mens ischium, merus, carpus, palm and fingers are respectively 2°04 mm., 1°75 mm., 1°36 mm., 1°46 mm. and 2°4 mm. long; in a younger specimen, about 17 mm. long, these numbers are, in the same order, 1°16 mm., I°'4 mm., 1°02 mm., 1°02 mm., and 1°74 mm., the palm appearing here just as long as the carpus. The three other legs are very slender and in the largest speci- mens reach slightly beyond the antennal scales. The measure- ments of a leg of the fifth pair (fig. 3c) of a specimen 18 mm. long are as follows: merus 1°86 mm. long and o'14 mm. broad, 13 times as long as broad; carpus 0°85 mm. long, propodus 2 mm. long and o'r mm. broad in the middle, 20 times as long as broad ; dactylus 0°85 mm. long, o’r mm. broad near the propodal articulation, 222 J. G. DE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vou II, and regularly tapering to the acuminate point which is slightly curved inward. The adult L. styliferus, H. M. Edw., differs according to Hen- derson’s description (/.c., p. 439) by the following: There are often two or three apical teeth on the rostrum, the lower margin of which is armed with 7—-I0 teeth. The last four abdominal seg- ments are dorsally more or less carinated. The distal spine on the outer margin of the antennal scale is placed farther distant from the apex, the distance equalling nearly one-third of the total length of the outer margin. The palm of the chele of the second legs should be sulcate on its outer side, the sulcus bounded by two ridges. The adult L. tenuipes, Hend., differs at first sight by the merus of the second legs that has twice the length of the ischium and that has an ill-defined sulcus on its upper surface. The apex of the telson is described as blunt, but may perhaps have been worn off as is often the case. ‘The shortest of the antennular flagella does not reach the end of the antennal scales. 7, Palemon (Eupalemon) lamarre:, H. M. Edw. (Plate xix, fig. 4.) Palemon lamarret, H. Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crustacés, ii, 1837, P- 397: Nec: Palemon lamarret, de Haan, Fauna Japonica, Crustacea, Dp. 171. Nec: Palemon lamarre:, Ortmann, in Zool. Jahrb., v, Abth. f. Syst. 1890, p. 701, taf. xlvit, fig. 2. Twenty-five specimens from brackish water pools at Port Can- ning, Lower Bengal, collected by Dr. N. Annandale, 28—3oth January, 1900. Thirty-nine specimens from Calcutta (Museum tank, fresh water), collected 19th December, 1g06. These specimens, though very numerous, are all young, the largest specimen from Port Canning being 38°5 mm. long from tip of rostrum to end of telson; the largest individual from Calcutta is 30°5 mm. long, the rest are all of a smaller size. The fact that no adult specimens have been gathered is so much the more to be regretted, because they apparently belong to Pal. lamarrei, M. Edw., a species which since its first description does no more ap- pear in literature or has been misunderstood. I have already pointed out (‘‘ Notes from the Ireyden Museum,’ i, 1879, p. 166) that a species described by de Haan as Pal. lamarret was identical with Pal. amazonicus, Heller, from South Amer- ica, but the existence of this species in Japan has not been con- firmed as far as I am aware. | Without any ground Dr. Ortmann (/.c.) declared the localities mentioned by Milne Edwards and by de Haan as false, and, there- fore, described Heller’s species under the name of Pal. lamarrev. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 223 Henderson (‘‘A Contribution to Indian Carcinology,’’ 1893, p. 442) regards Pal. lamarret as being merely the young of Pal. carcinus (Fabr.), and by Lanchester Pal. lamarret is regarded as a variety of Pal. carcinus (‘Annals and Mag. Nat. History,” ser. 7, vol. vi, 1900, p. 263 and “* Proc? Zool--Soc.”’ London, Igo01, p. 565). The rostrum, that exceeds the antennal scales in the largest specimen by one-third, in the younger individuals by one-fourth of its length, whereas in the youngest specimens it barely reaches beyond them, is upturned distally and presents, as regards its toothing, a great variation. In 21 specimens from Port Canning the following toothing was observed :— 7+1+2 onespeci- . 5+I+1 onespeci- 5+1+2 one speci- ) 8 4 men. men. vas men, 6+14+1 7A 5+2 9 3) pe} +) a 3) o)5) I) 7 ’ +) 3) 742 Tee 5E 8 2) bjp) 3) 7 d 3) 3) 7 ) bP pie) 7+1+1 7+4 742 8 ) d) d) 7 ) d) ) 6 ) d) 3 7+1 6+2 6+1 ee a5 ‘5 ae three specimens. aya) ae cas two specimens. , oe specimen. ae apts In 35 specimens from Calcutta the toothing was as follows :— Sees one specimen. eae one specimen. Srinka : wince ad 9 8 7 mens, oiaee 7+? two specimens, 9+I+I one speci- Gia ©s 4 8 * in which the oe men {ip is broken. Tisies 5 = Onis? one specimen. ouEe Pte 9 3. 7 mens. Q+2 6-F1 8+I+I one speci- 8°? ” ” ae ” ”) 6 y men. 8+2 8+1+2 8+2 8 J oJ) a y ») 213) +) 6 Bb) +) +) Biel J+I+? one speci- 8+1 Re? ” B35) 7 ? men, in 6° y: ”) which the tip is broken. —_ - 5 a, three specimens. ce Sure aks — three specimens. , . i ae ee These numbers prove that there are proximally in most cases 7 or 6, more rarely 8 and exceptionally 9g or 5 upper teeth, that 224 J. G. pE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. |Vot, II, specimens with one apical tooth are as numerous as those the ros- trum of which carries two apical teeth, and that the lower margin usually is armed with 7 or 8, rarely with 6 or g teeth. According to Milne Edwards the rostrum should carry 6 or 7 upper teeth proximally and as many on the lower margin, but it is remarkable that he makes no mention at all of the apical tooth or teeth. Gene- rally the two first teeth are placed on the carapace, only in two specimens from Calcutta one tooth is placed on the carapace, and in a single specimen from the same locality the three first teeth are placed uponit. The apical tooth or teeth, which are much smaller than those on the proximal part of the upper margin, are usually separated from the latter by a long smooth interspace, which is as long as the distance between the foremost proximal tooth and the anterior margin of the carapace, rarely somewhat shorter than that distance ; rarely, 7.e., in 11 out of 56 specimens, the foremost proximal tooth is placed on the smooth interspace, about midway between the preceding and the apical teeth. In the largest specimen from Port Canning (fig. 4), the rostrum of which presents the 5rit2 toothing formula , the foremost proximal tooth of the upper margin is placed just above the first of the lower, immediately infrontof the distal end of the first joint of the antennular peduncle; in other individuals the foremost proximal tooth is situated more or less in front of the first tooth of the lower margin ; the proximal teeth of the upper as well as those of the lower margin are equi- distant, and the former are larger than the latter. The rostrum. is moderately broadened at the level of the first tooth of the lower margin and the latter appears a little concave at the base. Several specimens of Pal. carcinus from the Kutei river, Borneo (Siboga Expedition), lie before me, amongst which are several young ones, the youngest specimen being nearly 70 mm. long, rostrum included. The rostrum of Pal. carcinus is narrower, less broadened than in Pal. lamarrei, it reaches farther beyond the antennal scales and the toothing is different ; of the twelve or thirteen teeth of the upper margin the #hree first are placed on the carapace, and there is wo long smooth interspace as in Pal. lamarret, though the three or four teeth on the upturned part of the rostrum are farther distant from each other than the proximal teeth; the lower margin, finally, presents also a larger number of teeth, eleven or twelve, which reach to near the tip. The sixth segment of the abdomen (plate xix, fig. 5) is com- paratively longer and broader in Pal. lamarret than in Pal. carcinus. In the specimen of the latter species, which is 70 mm. in length, the carapace, rostrum excluded, being 12 mm. long, the sixth seg- ment is 5°5 mm. long and 4°3 mm. broad in the middle; in the largest specimen of Pal. lamarrei, which has a length of 38°5 mm., the carapace of which, without the rostrum, being 6°8 mm. long, the sixth segment of the abdomen is 3°9 mm. long and 2°4 mm. broad. The slender telson (fig. 4d) apparently tapers less strongly than that of Pal. carcinus (fig. 5a), but it reaches almost to the 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 225 end of the endopodite of the caudal fin; this is not the case in Pal. carcinus ; the telson ends in an acute point which reaches beyond the short, outer pair of subterminal spinules, whereas the long, inner pair extends far beyond the median spine. The telson is somewhat flattened on its posterior half, and the two pairs of spinules on the upper surface are placed as in Pal. carcinus ; in the largest specimen from Port Canning there are three spinules on the left side and two on the right. The shortest antennular flagellum which, as in Pal. carcinus, is united with the outer for a very short distance, exceeds the antennal scales by two-thirds of its length ; free end of the antennal scales obtuse, reaching far beyond the outer spine. The third or distal joint of the mandibular palp is once and a half as long as the second; the third joint carries five sete, two of which at the distal end are a little longer than the joint itself. External maxillipeds as in Pal. carcinus, extending with half their terminal joint beyond the tip of the antennal peduncle. The first pair of legs reach to the spine at the far end of the outer margin of the antennal scales. The slender carpus, which is somewhat thickened distally, is one-fourth longer than the merus, which is nine times as long as broad and broader than the carpus ; the chela is almost half as long as the carpus, its length being to that of the carpus as 4:9; the fingers are one-fourth longer than the palm. In the largest specimen from Port Canning the merus is 2°75 mm. long and 0°3 mm. broad; the carpus is 3°4 mm. long, the chela 1°52 mm., the palm o-68 -mm., the fingers 0°84: mm. ; in a specimen from Calcutta which is 29 mm. in length, the merus is 2°3 mm. long and 0°23 mm. broad, just ten times as long as broad; the carpus 2°7 mm. long, the chela 1°26 mm., the palm 0°62 mm., the fingers 0°64 mm. The second legs (fig. 4e) project with one-fourth of their propo- dites beyond the antennal scales and are twice as long as the cara- pace, rostrum excluded. The merus measures one-fourth the whole leg and is eleven times as long as broad ; the carpus, which has a slenderer shape, and which thickens at the distal end, is just once and a half as long as the merus, almost twice as long as the chela and three tumes as long as the palm. ‘The palm (fig. 4/) is a little longer than the fingers; it is a little broader than the distal extremity of the carpus and once and a half as broad as thick, being slightly compressed. Of the largest specimen from Port Canning, the cara- pace of which is 6°75 mm. long without the rostrum, the merus is 3°35 mm. long and o'3 mm. broad; the carpus is 5°I mm. long, the chela 2°97 mm., the palm 1°6 mm. and the fingers 1°37 mm. In one of the largest specimens from Calcutta (carapace 4°8 mm. long without the rostrum) the merus is 2°75 mm. long and o°2 mm. broad, the carpus 3°9 mm. long, the chela 2:26 mm., the palm 115 mm., the fingers I°'II mm.; in a younger specimen from Calcutta (carapace 3°7 mm. long without the rostrum) the merus is I°9 mm. long and o'16 mm. broad, the carpus 2°75 mm. long, the chela 1°65 mm., the palm 0°84 mm., the fingers o°8r mm, 226 J. G..DpE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Voz II, The following legs are slender, those of the fifth pair extend with their dactyli beyond the antennal scales. In a young specimen from Calcutta, which is 24 mm. in length, the legs of the fifth pair show the following measurements : merus 2°66 mm. long and 17 times as long as broad, carpus 1°4 mm. long, propodus 3 mm. long and o'rr mm. broad in the middle, dactylus 1 mm. long and just as broad at the articulation as the preceding joint in the middle. The propodite, much slenderer than the merus and thickening to- wards the distal extremity, is just three times as long as the dactylus, which is very slightly curved towards the extremity. Pal. amazonicus, Heller, with which Pal. ensiculus, Smith, and Pal, jelskit, Miers, are regarded as identical by Dr. Ortmann, is no doubt a different species. Three specimens of de Haan’s Pal. dieperinkit from Surinam (leyden Museum), a species identical with Pal. amazonicus (de Man, ‘‘ Notes, Leyden Museum,” i, 1879, p. 167) are lying before me. In this species the telson tapers to a pointed extremity, whereas the lateral spinules do not reach the tip; the two pairs of spinules on the upper surface are situated more forward, the anterior pair being farther distant from the tip of the telson than from its base. The rostrum is higher at its base, though in this species also the two first teeth are on the cara- pace. Unfortunately the three specimens are adult, the carapace of the youngest, without the rostrum, being 21 mm. long, so that Iam unable to compare the legs, the measurements of which show other proportions than in very young specimens. As regards Pal. carcinus, I wish to observe that in the young- est specimen from the Kutei river the carpus (6°75 mm.) of the second legs is but /ittle longer than the merus (5°5 mm.), slightly shorter than the chela (7°25 mm.) and only once and a half as long as the palm (4°25 mm.). Geographical distribution : Coast of Bengal (H. M. Edw.). 8. Palemon, sp. Two specimens from Dhappa, near Calcutta, slightly brackish water. The two specimens are of equal size, 17--18 mm. long from tip of rostrum to end of telson; they are apparently very young and the legs, especially those of the first and second pairs, are wanting, so that I am unable to identify them with any known form. The lanceolate rostrum is straight and barely reaches beyond the antennal scales. In both specimens the rostrum is 43 dentate ; the two first teeth are placed on the carapace and are once and a half respectively almost twice as far distant from each other as the second from the third; the following teeth are equidistant, but in one specimen the tenth tooth is farther remote from the eleventh, the distance between these two teeth being equal to the distance between the eleventh tooth and the tip, in the other the ninth and the tenth are farther distant than the preceding. Body smooth. The telson tapers to a median point, far ex- ceeded by the long, inner pair of subterminal spinules ; the anterior 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 227 pair of spinules on the upper surface is placed just in the middle of the telson. Prof. Henderson (“‘ A Contribution to Indian Carcinology,”’ 1893) describes five species observed near Calcutta and in rivers of India, but all seem to be different. Pal. altifrons differs by a shorter and deeper rostrum, that of Pal. dayanus presents another toothing ae ; in Pal. scabriculus the four to six first teeth are situated on the carapace, Pal. dispar is probably also different and this is, of course, also the case with Pal. carcinus. g. Caridina, sp. Three specimens which seem to belong either to Car. gractli- rostvis, de M., or to Car. gracillima, Lanch., were gathered at Dhappa, near Calcutta, in slightly brackish water. Unfortunately, the rostrum is broken or incomplete at the tip and most of the legs are wanting, so that it proved to be impossible to determine them with certainty. 10. Caridina propinqua, sp. nov. (Plate: xix, fig. 6.) Five specimens of different size from Dhappa, near Calcutta, collected in slightly brackish water. This species is closely related to Car. syriaca, Bouv., from Syria, and still more to Car. fossarum, Heller, from Persia, but is perhaps different. The largest specimen is 20°5 mm. long from tip of rostrum to tip of telson and all are devoid of eggs, so that these specimens are, therefore, probably young. In the largest specimen the rostrum, which just reaches beyond the far end of the second joint of the antennular peduncles, pro- jects at first straight forward to the middle and then turns slightly downward. The upper margin is armed with 21 rather small tecth that stand until near the tip ; the three first teeth are placed on the carapace. On the slightly convex median part of the upper margin the teeth are placed nearer together (fig. 6) ; the penulti- mate tooth is a little farther distant from the antepenultimate than the preceding, and the foremost tooth is still slightly farther distant from the penultimate. The distance between the foremost tooth and the acute tip of the rostrum is only one-tenth the length of the rostrum proper, and not yet twice as long as the distance bet- ween the foremost tooth and the penultimate. The rostrum, 3'1 mm. long from the tip to the anterior margin of the carapace and 0°46 mm. broad, not yet seven times as long as broad, appears a little lower (less broad) than that of Car. syriaca (Bouvier, ‘‘ Obser- vations notvelles sur les crevettes de la famille des Atyidés,” 1905, p. 82, fig.6). The lower margin carries a single tooth that is smaller than the teeth of the upper margin and placed at the anterior third of the rostrum ; the anterior part of the lower margin between this 228 J. G. DE Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vow. II, tooth and the tip, which appears slightly concave in Car. syrtaca, appears in Car. propinqua straight and the rostrum is proximally less concave. In another specimen nearly of the same size the rostrum of which is broken off, four teeth are placed on the carapace. In the third specimen, 19°5 mm. long, the rostrum is turned downward from the base and reaches to the end of the second joint of the antennular peduncle ; the rostrum—2’5 mm. long from the tip to the anterior margin of the carapace and 0°4 mm. high (broad)—has the same form as in the first specimen. The upper margin carries 17 equidistant teeth, four of which are placed on the carapace ; the foremost tooth is farther remote from the acute tip than in the preceding specimen, its distance from the tip is nearly one-sixth the length of the rostrum proper and as long as the space occupied by the four anterior teeth together. The lower margin carries two teeth on its anterior half; these teeth, smaller again than those of the upper margin, are situated just below the foremost and the pen- ultimate tooth of the latter. The fourth specimen is much younger, being 13°5 mm. long. The rostrum, little longer than the first joint, rises at first a little upward, but soon curves downward and has, therefore, another shape than in the preceding specimens. ‘There are again 17 teeth on the upper margin, four of which are on the carapace ; the distance between the foremost tooth and the tip measures one-seventh the length of the rostrum proper. The rostrum appears a little less broad (high) than in the preceding specimens, its height being only one-eighth of its length. There is but one small tooth on the lower margin, situated just below the penultimate tooth of the upper. Unfortunately in the youngest specimen, 10 mm. long, the tip of the rostrum is broken off, the existing part reaches quite horizontally to the end of the first joint of the antennular peduncle and carries 16 teeth, five of which are on the carapace; the lower margin bears two teeth. The telson of the third specimen carries, on the posterior third of its upper surface, two pairs of spinules, the posterior spinule on the left side is wanting; the triangular tip carries at either side four or five spinules, the first of which, at the outer angles, is as usual the shortest, the second the longest, o°3 mm. long, the third 0°24 mm. long, the fourth 0°16 mm. The telson (fig. 6a) of the second specimen carries at its posterior extrem- ity at the right side six, at the left seven spinules (fig. 60}, the first small spine at the left angle being apparently supernumerary. The upper surface carries two pairs of spinules, but one spinule at the right side is wanting. ‘The telson of the largest specimen carries three pairs of spinules above, the anterior pair placed somewhat nearer to the base than to the tip of the telson. Antennular peduncle reaching to the middle of the distal spine of the antennal scales, shorter therefore than the latter. The first joint, 7.e., the distance between the anterior margin of the carapace and the far end of this joint, is slightly longer than the 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 229 two following joints taken together ; the second joint is little more than half as long as the first and about three times as long as broad ; the third joint measures three-fifths the length of the second. The acuminate stylocerite reaches, as in Car. syviaca, almost to the end of the first joint and diverges slightly outward; the spine at the end of the outer margin of the first joint measures two-fifths the length of the second. External maxillipeds reaching to the end of the second joint of the antennular peduncle. The legs of the first pair (fig. 6c) reach almost to the end of the antennal peduncle. The carpus, which is one-third longer than the merus, resembles that of Car. levis, Heller, and is 2°5—2°7 times as long as broad distally ; its upper margin is slightly concave, the lower straight, and it is just half as thick proximally as distally. The chela, one-fourth longer than the carpus, is a little more than twice as long as broad, and the fingers are once and a half to twice as long as the palm. The second legs (fig. 64) reach to the middle of the antennal scales, projecting just beyond the antennal peduncles. The carpus, once and a half as long as the merus, is moderately slender and 4°5--5°5 times as long as thick distally. The chela (fig. 6¢), shorter than the carpus, is nearly three times as long as broad, the propor- tion between length and breadth varying between 2°64 and 3°32; the fingers are a little more than once and a half to twice as long as the palm. Merus of third legs nine times as long as broad and armed near its lower margin with four spines which are 0'2I1 mm. long ; the second spine is placed somewhat nearer to the proximal than to the distal extremity, the first just midway between the second and the proximal extremity, the third as far from the second as the second from the first, the fourth near the distal extremity. There is also a spine near the distal end of the carpus. The dactyli (fig. 6/) measure barely one-third the length of the propodites ; they carry five or six spines. In the third specimen, the rostrum of which is 'f toothed, the dactyli are five times as long as broad and armed with four spines, besides the terminal claw; the third is separated by a long, smooth interspace from the penultimate spine, probably abnormally, for, in the two larger specimens, the five or six spines are arranged regularly as in other species. The meropodites of the fourth legs are 8 times as long as broad and armed with four spines near their lower margin, the fourth being inserted near the distal end. The propodites, 13°6 times as long as broad, are 3°6 times as long as the dactyli, that are almost five times as long as broad ; the dactyli are armed with nine spines, the terminal claw included. Unfortunately, only in one specimen, the third, a fifth leg is pres- ent, in the other specimens these legs are wanting. The meropo- dite, I'4 mm. long, is 8 times as long as broad; there is a spine o'r18 mm. long near the distal extremity of the lower margin. Propodite 1°76 mm. long, about 14 times as long as broad; the dactylus, almost six times as long as broad, measures two-fifths the 230 J. G. p—E Man: The Fauna of Brackish Ponds. [Vot. II, length of the propodite and is armed with 48 spinules, the terminal claw included. Caridina syriaca, Bouv., is at once distinguished by the upper teeth of the rostrum, none of which are placed on the carapace. When the descriptions of Car. fossarum (Heller, in ‘‘ Sitzungs- ber. K. Akad. Wiss.,” 1862, p. 411, and de Man, in Max Weber’s ‘* Zool. Ergebn. Reise Niederl. Ost-Indien,” ii, 1892, p. 397) are compared, it becomes obvious that the Bengal species chiefly differs by the lower margin of the rostrum presenting only I or 2 teeth instead of 7—9. In the same paper (l.c., p. 377) I have, however, pointed out that in Car. levis, Heller, a closely related species from Java, the lower margin presents not only 3 teeth, as was described by Heller, but sometimes 4 to 9, II or 15, though also a specimen was observed from the same locality with 2 teeth and another in which the lower margin carried only one tooth! ‘This great varia- tion may also be proper to Car. propinqua, and in that case this species should perhaps prove to be identical with Car. fossarum : a further observation of specimens of the Bengal species appears therefore necessary. Several ovigerous females of Car. levis, Heller, from the freshwater lake Situ Bagendit, Java (de Man, l.c., p. 376) are lying before me. This species may easily be distin- guished by the legs of the first and of the second pair. The carpus of the first legs closely resembles that of Car. propinqua, as it is also two and a half times as long as broad, but the fingers are a little shorter. The carpus (plate xix, fig. 7) of the second legs has a slen- derer shape, being almost eight times as long as thick distally ; the chief difference is, however, presented by the chela which has a much slenderer form, being 4——4°7 times as long as broad (fig. 7a); in Car. propinqua only about 3 times (fig. 6). As regards the other legs the two species closely agree as is proved by the measurements given below, and also by the following : The meropodites of the third pair are about 9 times as long as broad, there is a spine on the middle of the lower margin of the ischium and three on that of the meropodites ; the second spine is inserted a little nearer to the distal than to the proximal extremity, the first just midway between the proximal extremity and the second spine, the third near the distal extremity ; these spines are o'2 mm. long. A similar spine occurs at the far end of the carpus. The propodites carry 16—18 spinules along their lower margin ; the dactyli are in the same proportion to the propodites as in Car. propinqua, but they are armed with eight or nine spines. The meropodites of the fifth pair are, in Car. levis, just 8 times as long as broad and one-fourth shorter than those of the third ; the ischium has no spine, but there is a spine near the middle of the lower margin of the meropodites and another not far from the distal extremity. There is also a spine at the far end of the carpus and three smaller spines between the former and the proximal extremity. | Car. hova, Nob., from Madagascar and Car. opaensis, Roux, from Celebes are also related species. In the Madagascar species 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 231 the tip of the rostrum is slightly directed upward. The third joint of the antennular peduncle is described as subequal to the second ; the stylocerite reaches to the middle of the second joint. External maxillipeds projecting beyond the antennal scales. The carpus of first legs is more distinctly excavate and more regularly conical ; the fingers are as long as or barely longer than the palm. The chela of the second legs is ‘shorter j in proportion to the carpus, the dactyli of the third pair measure one-fourth and those of the fifth barely one-fifth of the propodite, appearing much shorter than in Car. propinqua (Nobili, ‘‘ Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino,” xx, 1905, No. 499). The rostrum of Car. opaensis, Roux, is also turned upward at the tip and carries three or four teeth on the lower margin. The carpus of the first legs is three times as long as thick distally and the fingers ave slightly shorter than the palm ; those of the second legs, as also the dactyli of the following, are shorter than those of Car. propinqua (Roux, ‘‘ Décapodes d’eau douce de Célébes, Genéve,”’ 1904, p. 547, figs. 8, 9 and Io). A la a a OE a NN ec a etm nes whe oA w ah Re EXPLANATION OF PLATES XVIIL AND XTX. Fic. 1.—Tympanomerus stapletont, sp. nov., adult male, x 3; 1a front viewed from above; 1) buccal frame and external maxillipeds ; 1c lateral view of the antero- lateral margin of the carapace ; Id abdomen ; Ie outer view of the chela ; figs. ra——e all taken from the adult male and all x 6. 2.—Pachygrapsus propinquus, sp. nov., female, x 3 ; 2a external maxilliped of this female,x6; 2b three last segments of the abdomen of the male,x6; 2c chela and carpus of the right chelipede of the female, x 6. 3.-—Leander, sp., telson,x 25; 3a, 3b and 3c legs of the first, of the second and of the fifth pair, each x 12}. 4.—Palemon (Eupalemon) lamarrei, H. M. Edw., carapace and rostrum of the largest specimen from Port Can- ning X 3; 4a extremity of the rostrum of this specimen x25; 4b carapace and rostrum of a younger speci- men from Calcutta, x3; 4c lateral view of the sixth abdominal somite and telson of the largest specimen from Port Canning, x5; 4d telson of a younger speci- men from Calcutta,x 10; 4e leg of the second pair of the largest specimen from Port Canning,x10 (the chela being placed somewhat obliquely); 4/ chela of this les. «x 17. 5. ei abdominal somite and telson of a young specimen, long 70 mm. (rostrum included) of Pal. (Eupalemon) carcinus, Fabr., from the river Kutei, Borneo x 5 ; 5a telson of another young specimen, 75 mm. long, from the same river, x 5. 6.—Caridina propingua, sp. nov., anterior part of carapace, antennular and antennal peduncles, x12; 6a telson, x12; 6b extremity of telson, x50; 6c leg of Ist pair, x 25; 6d leg of second pair, x 17; 6¢ chela of this leg, «x25; 6f dactylus of third leg,x50; all the figures are taken from the largest specimen, except figs. 6a and 6b which are from the specimen the rostrum of which is broken off. 7.—Caridina levis, Heller, from Java, leg of the second pair, x 17 ; 7a chela of this leg, x 25. 93 ry Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. II. 1908. | Plate XVIII 3a. x |2% J. G.de Man, del MFarlane & Erskine, Lith Fdin® Fig.l, TYMPANOMERUS STAPLETONI np. Fig.2, PACHYGRAPSUS PROPINQUUS n.sp. — Fig3, LEANDER sp. +e : serecicen carwijet- nataintiniviecensinen tvecestryerioniadho~ tab eeprom a snennniremneoenrenet at iran Hater er Tg MRT eee Ca car mye et ee Plate XIX, Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. IJ. 1908. th Edin? M‘Forlene “Erskine, L CINUS. Fabr J.G. de Man. del. PALAEMON LAMARREI H.M.Epw Fig.6, CARIDINA PROPINQUA n.sp. .5, PALAEMON CAR Fig 7, GARIDINA LAEVIS. Heller Dai Fig 4, ROGV. sl hie ht AU NEA Ol BRACKISH PONDS A Pe ORC AN IEEN G VOW. Ro BBN GAL: PART XI.--Two NEw MvySIDa& FROM BRACKISH WATER IN THE GANGES DELTA. By WALTER M. TATTERSALL, M.Sc. I am indebted to the courtesy of Dr. J. G. de Man, to whom I wish to express my thanks, for the-opportunity of examining and describing the two species of Mysidee which form the subject of the present note, The material was collected in brackish water ponds near Calcutta by Dr. Nelson Annandale, who is making an exhaustive study of the lacustrine fauna of Bengal. The majority of the specimens belong to the interesting genus Macropsis, but appear to differ in some points from the widely distributed and hitherto only known species, M. slabbert, sufficiently to warrant the establishment of a second species of that genus. The second new form here described is represented by only nine specimens. It belongs to the little known and somewhat obscure genus Potamomysis, but after much hesitation, I have decided to insti- tute a new species for its reception. Sub-fam. MYSINA‘. Genus PoTamMomysIs, Czerniavsky. Potamomysis, Czerniavsky, Monog. Mysid. Imperiu Rosstct, fasc. fp. 120.1002 * fase. 1, p75, 1683: This genus was described by Czerniavsky in the monograph referred to above, and has not since, so far as I am aware, been met with. The type of the genus with its single species, P. pengor, was a female, and I cannot gather from the text that Czerniavsky ever examined male specimens. Yet in the two keys to the genera of Myside which he gives on pages 57 and 62 of the first part of his monograph, he places Potamomysis in that group of genera characterised by having the first, second and fifth pleopods of the male rudimentary as in the female, the third and fourth pairs somewhat dissimilar from those of the female, but not truly natatory. If I am right in referring the present species to Potamomysis, the position assigned to this genus in Czerniavsky’s keys is incorrect, since the third, as well as the first, second and fifth pleopods of 234 W. M. TarrersaLL: Two new Myside. [Vou. IT, the male, appears to be simple and rudimentary as in the female, the genus thus agreeing in this respect with Neomysis and Diamysis. The species here dealt with is otherwise so closely in agreement with the general characters of Potamomysis pengor that for the pres- ent I prefer to refer it to the same genus, which may therefore be diagnosed as follows :—- PoTaMOMYSIS, Czerniavsky. Antennal scale long and narrow, subulate, ciliated all round, two jointed. Thoracic legs with the tarsus three to four jointed. Telson short; apex entire, truncated, armed with numerous spines ; lateral margins armed with short subequal spines along their entire length ; no median apical sete. Pleopods of the male; the first, second, third and fifth pairs simple, uniramous and rudimentary as in the female; the fourth pair with a short peduncle and innet ramus as is usual in the sub- family Mysine, the outer ramus very long and slender, three jointed, the terminal joint bearing two long spiniform ciliated fila- ments and a single long smooth filament. The genus is thus very closely allied to both Neomysis and Diamysis, but the form of the telson suffices to distinguish it from both, while male specimens are further distinguished by the form and armature of the fourth pair of pleopods. Potamomysts assimilis, sp. nov. (Plate xxi, figs 1—8.) General form (fig. 1) small, linear and compact. Carapace (fig. I) covering all the thoracic segments but the last ; only slightly produced in front into a small obtuse rostral projec- tion ; antero-lateral corners apparently rounded. Pleon (fig. 1) longer than the thorax; first five segments more or less subequal in length; sixth segment one-and-a-half times as long as the fifth. Antennular peduncle (fig. 2) about half as long as the antennal scale; basal joint the longest; second joint small; third joint longer than the second and more robust, with a single plumose seta at the inner distal corner; a similar seta at the inner distal corner of the second joint, and at the outer distal corner of the third joint. Antennal peduncle (fig. 3) less than half as long as the scale, with the terminal two joints subequal in length. Antennal scale (fig. 3) equal in length to the last two segments of the pleon, long and narrow, subulate in shape, about seven times as long as broad, setose all round, two jointed, the second joint equal to between one fourth and one fifth of the entire length of the scale; spine on the outer corner of the basal joint well- developed and acute. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 235 Eyes reaching to about the distal extremity of the basal joint of the antennular peduncle; rather stout; cornea occupying the entire distal part of the eye, pigment very black. Mouth parts of the usual type in the Mysine, with no out- standing feature of importance. Thoracic legs (figs. 4, 5, 6); first and second without a distinct dactylus ; third to eighth with the tarsus equal in length to the merus and three jointed in all but the eighth, where it is four jointed. Telson (fig. 7) about two-thirds of the length of the last seg- ment of the pleon, and rather longer than broad at its base; apex truncate and bounded at each corner by a long spine between which are about seventeen shorter spines; lateral margins armed throughout their length with about ten short spines. Inner uropod about twice as long as the telson; no spines on the inner ventral margin. Outer uropod about one-and-a-quarter times as long as the inner. Length of an adult female with eggs in the broad lamelle, 5 mm.; length of the largest male, apparently mature, 4 mm. The above description and fig. 1, pl. xxi, are taken from an adult female, 5 mm. long. The figures of the various parts are from a male measuring 4 mm. in total length, and this differ- ence in size probably accounts for the difference in armature of the telson as shown in fig. 7 and that given in the above descrip- tion. A still smaller specimen, 3 mm. in length, had only seven spines on the apex of the telson between the two large lateral ones. Czerniavsky has shown similar differences between young and adult specimens of P. pengot. A male of 4mm. appears, to judge by the fourth pleopods, to be mature if not fully grown. The fourth pleopod of such a male is shown in fig. 8. The basal joint is short and the inner ramus of the usual structure. The outer ramus is long and styli- form, reaching to the posterior end of the sixth segment of the pleon. It is three jointed, the second the shortest and the ter- minal joint the longest. ‘The latter is furnished at its apex with two long, subequal ciliated filaments and on the outer distal margin with a single smooth filament, longer than the ciliated filaments at its apex. There is no prominent hirsute lobe on the antennules of the above male specimen, such as is usually met with in male Myside. It is replaced by a tuft of long hairs proceeding from a small tubercle on the distal ventral edge of the antennular peduncle. Locality of capture.—Dhappa, near Calcutta, slightly brackish water (canal), six females and three males. This species differs from P. pengoi in the following points :— (1) Size-—The type-specimen of P. pengot was an adult female measuring Tomm. Adult females of the pres- ent species with eggs in the brood-pouch only mea- sure 5 mm, 236°" W. M. TaTTrersaLt,: Two new Myside. [VoL,..17; (2) Antennal scale.—The second joint of the antennal scale of P. pengot is described as small, and only about one ninth of the whole antennal scale in length. In P. assimilis the second joint of the scale is rather large and equal to between one fifth and one quarter of the length of the scale. (3) Czerniavsky describes in P. pengot two secondary spines at the terminal part of the tarsus of the thoracic limbs in addition to the dactylus, giving the whole limb a tri-unguiculate appearance. No such secondary dac- tyli appear to be present in P. assimilis though, as shown in fig. 6, there are sundry sete in the position shown by Czerniavsky for the secondary nails. It may be that Czerniavsky has mistaken the sete for spines and this apparent difference between his species and the present one may not actually occur. Otherwise the two species are in very close agreement and the occurrence in brackish water in India of a species of this obscure genus is of special interest. Genus Macropsis, G. O. Sars. Macropsts orientalis, sp. nov. (Plate xxii, figs. I—9.) The differences between M. omventalis and the only other known species of this curious genus, M. slabberi, are mainly differ- ences in the proportions which the various parts bear to one another. These differences are most conveniently brought out in a table of comparative measurements of the two species, side by side. It will be best, therefore, to give such a table first and then to discuss the characters of the two species, one by one, in the light of the table. The measurements of M. slabbert are taken from specimens from Saltash Bridge, near Plymouth, which I received through the courtesy of the Marine Biological Station at Plymouth. The sum of the differences between the two species is that M. orientalis is a much more robust form, M. slabberi, on the other hand, being very slender and attenuated, with the various append- ages correspondingly elongated. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 237 Macropsis slabbert. Macropsis orientalis. | | | | Percent- Percent- Measurements. | age of age of Actual | length Actual length lengthin | from length in from min. | rostrum mm. rostrum | to tip of to tip of | telson. telson. | | 1 | Length of eye .. a 86 | 17°A 2 O22 2 ie Width = 50,, at, cornea, ~:... | ‘24. | 4°8 "25 AA 3 | Length ,, cornea sis *E9) «| 3°9 “iy/ 3°0 4 a », antennular ped... "92 18°6 67 T1°8 5 a », first joint sey ee) 10'S a32 5°6 6 », second joint ve 19 3°9 “15 2°6 7 a third. =, a 2m 4°2 20) 3°5 8 Be ,, antennal scale .. "82 16°6 “92 16°3 Oe 55 », carapace ue I-50 | 30°3 1°90 33°6 TO *s », exposed part of 25 5°0 "4A 7°8 thorax. | II ae », Ist pleon segmen S316) | 6°0 23 6°0 12 ”? ” 2nd ” S12 ce “34 | 6°8 "36 6°4 EB ls = 5a She Hear yee 3264 79 "39 ZO TH. | 2255 panels la Sy oe "43. || 8°7 "42 7°4 15 | ” ” 5th ” 33 see “45 | gil 46 S°1 16 | 2) ” 6th ” ge bance ‘79 | 16°0 107, I1°8 t7 Width ,, oth ., eos 36 a8 "45 8'o 18 | Length ,, telson to base of “37 Tia "42 74 terminal spine. LOR ears ,, telson to tip of ter- "44 O20". | ‘AT 8°3 | minal spine. | 20 se ,, telson to extreme "49 | 9°9 68 12'O apex. | 5 ,, inner uropod ae [O22] 18°6 O04 16°6 22 a », outer os a 118 | 23°9 LY 22°5 | | 23 Total length—rostrum to tip 4°94 | T00'O BOoe a] TOO'O | of telson. | Carapace.—The carapace in M. orientalis is slightly longer pro- portionally than in M. slabber1, and correspondingly broader. The front part is more evenly rounded and consequently less produced in the former than in the latter species (fig. I). Pleon.—The measurements Ir—r16 in the above table of the segments of the pleon of the two species show that in M. slabbert the segments are proportionately more elongate than in M. orien- talis. Especially is this so with the sixth segment which in the former species is one-and-three-quarter times as long as the fifth, while in M. orientalis it is less than one-and-a-half times that length. At the same time the measurement 17 shows that the sixth segment of the pleon is relatively narrower in M. slabberi than in M. ortentalis, and that the rest of the body is correspond- ingly narrower in the former species. 238 W. M. TarrersaLi: Two new Myside. [Vor i; Eye.—In M. orientalis the eye is only 9 per cent. of the total body-length, is very little more than twice as long as broad at the cornea, and the latter occupies the distal third of the whole eye. In M. slabbert the eye is 17 per cent. of the total body-length, is three-and-a-half times as long as broad, and the cornea occupies the distal two ninths of the whole eye. So that in M. orientalis the eye is on the whole very much shorter than in M. slabberv. The antennular peduncle in M. orientalis is considerably shorter than in M. slabberi, being only 11°8 per cent. of the total body- length in the former compared with 18°6 per cent. in the latter. The shortening of the antennular peduncle in M. orientalis is pro- portional to that of the eye, so that in both species the eye bears the same relation to the antennular peduncle, 7.e., it extends to about the distal end of the second joint. The spine-like seta on the outer distal corner of the basal joint of the antennular peduncle is scarcely as robust in M. ovtentalis as in M. slabbert. The antennal scale is of practically the same size in both species, with the result that, owing to the shortening up of the antennular peduncle in M. orientalis, the scale extends beyond the antennular peduncle, while in M. slabberz it falls short of it. Telson.—The telson of M. orentalis (fig. 7) differs from that of M. slabbert mainly in having the serrated apical portion more produced and the whole telson consequently proportionally longer. The serrated apical portion of the telson in M. slabbert is only about one quarter of the entire length of the telson, whereas in M. onentalis it is considerably more than one third of that length. In the structure of the various appendages the two species show considerable resemblance, but minor differences are to be noted. For this purpose I give, on pl. xxii, figures of the various appendages of M. orientalis for comparison with those of M. slabbert. In the second thoracic limb of M. orvtentalis (fig. 5) the ter- minal joint is somewhat longer and narrower than in the same limb of M. slabbert. The number of joints in the tarsus of the third to the eighth thoracic limbs of M. orientalis varies from five to nine, the eighth limb usually having fewest joints in the tarsus. Thus in one female example dissected the joints of the tarsus were seven in the third, fourth and fifth limbs, eight in the sixth, nine in the seventh and only six in the eighth. Figure 6 depicts the eighth thoracic limb of a male with only five joints in the tarsus. The fourth pleopod of the male of M. orientalis differs rather markedly from the same appendage in M. slabbert, in having the first joint of the outer ramus shorter than the entire inner ramus. In M. slabbert the reverse obtains. Otherwise the appendages in question are very similar. I could not detect any spine on the inner ventral margin of the inner uropod of M. orientalis such as exists in M. slabbert. Length of the largest specimens of M. orientalis, both males and females, 7 mm. from the rostrum to the apex of the telson. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum, 239 Locality: of capture-—Dhappa, near Calcutta, slightly brackish water, 270 specimens, 4—7 mm.long; Port Canning, Lower Bengal, brackish water ponds, 117 specimens, 4—7 mm. long. M. orientalis is apparently an abundant species in suitable localities. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI. POTAMOMYSIS ASSIMILIS, sp. nov. . 1.— Adult female, 5 mm. long, dorsal view. 2.—Antennular peduncle, x I00. 3.—Antennal scale and peduncle, < I00. 4.—Endopod of first thoracic limb, x 100. 5.—Endopod of second thoracic limb, X I00. 6.—Endopod of eighth thoracic limb, x I00. 7.—Telson, X I00. 8.--Fourth pleopod of male, 4 mm., X I00. Rec. Ind. Mus, Vol. II, 1908 . Plate XX] (Se el —_ PO TAMQ My Sis AS es IMIT mi Q Roa A Chowdhary, lith x ee ae mets 2 § i‘ 1a , a - ‘ ie ' oa 7 a - ‘ = ' ' sae te oe! J ” EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII. MACROPSIS ORIENTALIS, sp. nov. . I.—Anterior end of a female 6 mm. long, X 75.. 2.—Antennal scale, X 75. 3.—Antennule of male, x 75. 4.—Endopod of first thoracic limb, X 75. 5.—Endopod of second thoracic limb, x 75, 6.—Eighth thoracic limb of male, xX 75. 7.—Telson, X 75. 8.—Third pleopod of male, x 75. g.—Fourth pleopod of male, xX 75. Ree. Ind.Mus,Vol. 11,1908. . : Plate XXII. A.Chowdhary, lith MACROPSIS ORIENTALIS, sp.nov. xxXVI.° ON SOME-ORIENTAL SOLIFUGA:, WITH DESCRIPTIONS: OF NEW FORMS. By A. S. Hirst (British Museum, Nat. Hist.). The new forms described in this paper (with the exception of Galeodes fischert and Eustmonia celertpes) form part of the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. It is owing to the kindness of Dr. N. Annandale that I have been enabled to examine and to describe them. Galeodes darius, Pocock. 1895, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 6), vol. xvi, p. 81; 1889-1900, Journ. Linn, Soc., vol. xxvii, p. 403; 1905, Birula, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sct. St. Petersburg (ser. 5), vol. xxii, p. 260. Q. Mandible.—Upper jaw armed with two minor intermediate teeth, the posterior one small, Lower jaw also with two minor teeth. Palpi.—Patella armed ventrally with bristles which are alter- nately very long and rather short; tibia of palp with five or six pairs of spines, some of which exceed the height of the segment. Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs with seven spines, the posterior basal spine being absent. Tarsi of fourth legs with five pairs of spines. Locality.—F ao, Persia. Remarks.—This species is closely allied to G. macmahoni, Po- cock, but differs in that the tibia of the tarsus is darkened. Galeodes aulicus, sp. nov. a”. Colour.—Pale sandy yellow; head and terga of abdomen infuscate; mandibles pale above and marked with faint stripes; patella, tibia and tarsus of palp deeply infuscate, the distal half of the femur dark or pale; first leg with tibia and tarsus darkened, the posterior legs entirely pale. Head.—Width of head-plate about half the length of the patel- la of the maxillipalp and considerably less than the length of the tibia. Mandible.—Blade of flagellum resembling that of G. agilis, Pocock. Lower jaw with one or two minor teeth. Palpi.—Patella armed with four long and strong ventro-lateral spines and with a median row of spines, tibia with six (in one of the specimens with only four) pairs of strong and rather short spines, the anterior pair, however, exceeding the height of the seg- ment; ‘‘ cylinder-bristles” absent. 242 A. S. Hirst: Oriental Sclifuge. [Voli Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs with four pairs of spines, tarsi of fourth legs with five pairs of spines, bristles of tarsus of fourth leg stout and a little curved. Measurements in mm.—lLength of body 34; width of head 11'5; length of patella of palp 23°5; of tibia of palp 15°5 ; of tar- sus of palp 3 5. Locality.—Seistan. Two males (one of them mutilated) col- lected by Col. MacMahon. Remarks.—This new species agrees with G. citrinus, Pocock, and G. schach, Birula, in the absence of ‘‘ cylinder-bristles” from the ventral surface of the palp, but differs from them in having the distal segment of the tarsus of the fourth legs armed with a pair of spines. Galeodes festivus, sp. nov. @. Colour.—Pale sandy yellow; head with a pair of dark lateral patches; abdomen with the anterior and posterior margins of the terga darkened ; mandibles fawn-coloured above and with well marked stripes; patella, tibia and tarsus (with the exception of its distal extremity) of maxillipalp deeply infuscate, the patella almost as dark as the tibia; femur of maxillipalp with the distal third darkened; fourth pair of legs with the distal segments strongly in- fuscate; the anterior legs paler. Mandibles.—Lower jaw with two minor teeth, the posterior one being minute. Blade of the flagellum narrower as compared with the length than is the case in G. agtlis, Pocock. Palpi.—Patella about twice as long as the width of the head, and armed below with three rows of spines, some of which exceed the height of the segment; tibia with six pairs of spines, the distal pair alone exceeding the height of the segment; ‘‘cylinder- bristles” fairly slender, subcylindrical and with the basal rings rather high. Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs armed with seven spines, the posterior basal spine being absent. ‘Tarsi of fourth legs with five pairs of spines. Bristles of tarsi of fourth pair of legs broader and less sharply pointed than is the case in G. agilis. Blade of ex- ternal malleolus less than half the width of the head. Measurements in mm.—lLength of body 42; width of head 10; length of palp 62; of first leg 45; of fourth leg 61; of patella of palp 21°5; of tibia of palp 15; of tarsus of palp 3°75. Locality.—Seistan, a single male specimen collected by Col. MacMahon. : Remarks.—This species is closely allied to G. agilis, Pocock, differing from it in the shape of the bristles of the tarsi of the fourth legs. Galeodes truculentus, Pocock. 1889-1900, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxvii, p. 402; 1905, Birula, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg (ser. 5), vol. xxii, pp. 252 and 253: 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 243 This species is very closely allied to (perhaps identical with) G. avaneoides, Pallas. The bristles of the pad of the fourth leg, however, are broad and not very sharply pointed. a. Mandible.—lLower jaw with three minor teeth. Palp with the patella a little more than twice the width of the head. Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs with four pairs of spines. Tarsus of fourth leg with four pairs of spines. Remarks.—The fourth leg of the male measures 50 mm. and not 60 mm. as stated in Mr. Pocock’s description. Galeodes citrinus, Pocock. 1895, G. cutvinus, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser.6), vol. xvi, p. 81; 1889-1900, G. cttvinus, Pocock, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. xxvii, pp. 403 and 404; 1900, G. nigripalpis, Pocock, Fauna of British India, Arachnida, p. 144; 1905, G. citrvinus, Birula, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sct. St. Petersburg (ser. 5), vol. xxii, p. 254; G. pocockt, Birula, loc. ctt., p. 256. | Mandible.—Lower jaw with a single minor tooth. Palpi.—Patella twice or a little more than twice the width of the head-plate; tibia ventrally without cylinder-bristles. Legs.—-Tarsi of second legs with four anterior spines and two posterior spines (one on each segment); tarsi of third legs usually armed with seven spines (the posterior basal spine being absent) or with the same armature as the second legs. Tarsi of fourth. legs with four pairs of spines, the distal segment unspined. There are two forms of this species— (1) The typical form: Colour paler than in the variety nigri- palpis; tarsus of palp pale yellow ; legs not darkened ; size large (up to 40 mm.); locality Jask. (2) Var. nigripalpis, Pocock: ‘Tarsus of palp infuscate ; legs slightly darkened; abdominal terga much darker than in the typical form ; size smaller (up to 29 mm.); locality Omara, Baluchistan. J Galeodes indicus, Pocock. 1900, Pocock, Fauna of British India, Arachnida, pp. 142-144. Dr. Birula compares this species with his G. auronitens. ‘The two species are not closely allied, however, for G. auvonitens belongs to the caspius group, whilst G. indicus belongs to the araneotdes group. Pocock says in his description of G. indicus ‘‘ Tarsi of legs armed as in G. fatalis, except that the distal segment is spined.”’ The word ‘ spined’ in this sentence is a misprint for ‘ unspined,’ for in G. fatalis, Licht. and Herbst, the distal tarsal segment of the fourth leg is spined, whilst this is not the case in G. indicus. Galeodes chitralensts, sp. nov. @. Colour.—Paler than in G. indicus, Pocock; head scarcely darkened, but darker than the legs, which are sandy yellow; ocular- 244 A. S. Hirst: Onental Solifuge. [Vou. II, tubercle black; abdominal terga infuscate; the ventral surface of the abdomen a dirty greyish colour; mandibles marked with faint stripes; palp pale yellow in colour. Mandibles.—Lower jaw with two minor teeth which are close together and followed by a slight gap. Blade of flagellum some- what longer and narrower than is the case in G. indicus. Palpi.—Patella slightly more than twice the width of the head (in G. indicus, the patella of the palp is considerably more than twice the width of the head). Spines of the tibia six in number, the first and third alone exceeding in length the height of the seg- ment ; ‘‘ cylinder-bristles’”’ long and slender as in G. indicus. Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs armed with seven spines, - the posterior basal spine having disappeared. Tarsi of fourth legs with four pairs of spines, the distal segment without spines; bristles of pad of tarsus narrower than in G. indicus. Blade of external malleolus about half the width of the head. Measurements in mm.—lLength of body 24°5; width of head 6°5; length of palp 39; of first leg 29; of fourth leg 41°5 ; of patella of palp 14; of tibia of palp 10°25; of tarsus of palp 3. Locality.—Chitral, a single male specimen collected by Mr. F. J. Daley. Remarks.—The male of this species differs from that of G. indicus, Pocock, in its much paler colour and shorter palpi. Galeodes chitralensis pallescens, sub-sp. nov. This sub-species structurally resembles the typical form, except in the armature of the lower jaw, which is armed with three minor teeth (it is probable that the lower jaw of the typical form is also normally armed with three teeth); the terga of the abdomen, how- ever, are pale yellow in colour. Measurements in mm.—lLength of body 31°5; width of head 7°5; length of palp 46°5; of first leg 32°5; of fourth leg 49; of patella of palp 16°25; of tibia of palp 12; of tarsus of palp 3. Locality.—Sambalpur, Central Provinces, India; a single male specimen collected by Mr. V. Ball. Galeodes fischeri, sp. nov. Colour.— Closely resembling that of G. indicus obscurtor , Pocock. 9. Mandible with the lower jaw armed with three minor teeth. Flagellum similar to that of G. indicus. Palpi.—Shorter than in G. indicus, the patella about twice the width of the head; ‘‘ cylinder-bristles’”’ of tibia sparse, slender and very short, usually measuring considerably less than a quarter of the length of the spines, whilst in G. indicus they are often more than half the length of the spines. Legs.—Proximal segment of tarsus of second and third legs provided with three spines anteriorly, the posterior side with a single spine, distal segment with a single spine, situated on the 1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum, 245 anterior side. Tarsi of fourth legs with four pairs of spines; the distal segment unspined. Measurements in mm.—Length of body 25 ; width of head 6°5; length of palp 42°5; of first leg 30°5 ; of fourth leg 43°5; of patella of palp 14; of tibia of palp 10°75; of tarsus of palp 3. ?. Mandible.—Upper jaw with two minor teeth between the principal ones, dentition of lower jaw similar to that of the male. Palp.—Patella and tibia with long and slender spines as in G. indicus. Legs.—Blade of external malleolus almost equalling the breadth of the ocular tubercle. Measurements in mm.—tength of body 24; width of head 7°75; length of palp 35; of first leg 25; of fourth leg 36°5; of patella of palp 11; of tibia of palp 9; of tarsus of palp 3. Locality.—North Coimbatore District, Madras, three males and two females collected by Mr. C. E. C. Fischer. Remarks.—This species differs from G. indicus, Pocock, in that the ‘‘ cylinder-bristles’’ of the tibia of the palp are very short. Galeodes bacillifer, Pocock. 1900, G. bacillifer, Pocock, Fauna of British India, Arachnida, p. 144; 1904, G. bacilhfer, Birula, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. St. Petersburg, vol. ix, p. 395; 1905, G. bacillifer, Birula, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sct. St. Petersburg (ser. 5), vol. xxii, p. 256. The tibia of the palp of the male is provided ventrally with a few very long and slender ‘‘ cylinder-bristles ’? in the typical speci- men. ‘These bristles are confined to the basal half of the segment. In the specimens determined by Dr. Birula as belonging to this spe- cies the ‘‘ cylinder-bristles ’’ are said to be absent. Galeodes annandalei, sp. nov. Colour.—Vellowish white; head greyish above, the ocular tubercle black; abdomen with the terga darkened, its ventral sur- face greyish yellow; mandibles slightly darkened above and marked with broad stripes; patella, tibia and tarsus of palp and the femora and patelle of the legs slightly infuscate. Mandibles with upper jaw provided (between the principal teeth) with two minor teeth of fairly large size, lower jaw with three minor teeth. Palpi.—A little shorter than in G. bacillifer (see measure- ments); patella armed with long and thin spines as in G. indicus and bacillifey; tarsus with a pair of strong bristles as in G. bacillifer. Legs.—Tarsi of second and third legs ventrally with four pairs of spines; tarsi of fourth legs also with four pairs of spines, the distal segment being unspined. Abdomen.—Fifth abdominal segment ventrally with a curved row of thin yellowish bristles, 246 A. 8. Hirst: Oriental Sohfuge. [Von. IT; Measurements 1n mm.—Length of body 27°5 ; width of head 7°5 ; length of palp 37°5; of first leg 25; of fourth leg 41°5; of patella of palp 12°5; of tibia of palp 10; of tarsus of palp 2°5. Locality.—Malakand, N.-W. Frontier of India; a single female example. Remarks.—This: new species is closely allied to G. bacillifer, Pocock, but is darker in colour, the abdomen being ornamented above with a dark band. The following key shows some of the principal differences be- tween the males of the species of Galeodes (sub-gen. Galeodes) that I have been able to examine :— ' Distal segment of tarsus of fourth leg ) armed below with a pair of spines 2 | Distal segment of tarsus of fourth leg without spines e 7 Tibia of palp furnished ventrally atti ‘* cylinder-bristles’”’ . ae Tibia of palp ventrally without “‘ cy- linder-bristles ” - . G, aulicus, Hirst. ig Proximal tarsal segment of cerond |! and third legs with a posterior basal spine . G. afghanus, Pocock. 3 3 | Proximal tarsal segment of second and third legs without a posterior L basal spine = 4 4 Tibia of palp fuscous oe 5 Tibia of palp yellow... .. G. macmahon, Pocock (Size large (over 40 mm.); yellow ; | patella of palp twice width of head 6 5 < Smaller (about 30 mm.); browner ; | patella of palp less than twice | width of head : . G. orientalis, Stol. ( Bristles of pad of tarsus of fourth fee | broad, their ends abruptly pointed G. festivus, Hirst. 6 < Bristles of pad of tarsus very much L narrower, their ends sharply pointed .. . G. agilis, Pocock. (riba of palp furnished vemnrallsy ih y ‘“cylinder-bristles” .. - 8 / ) Tibia of palp ventrally without ‘‘ cy- linder-bristles ”’ . G. citrinus, Pocock. c Cylinder-bristles,”’ of tibia of palp 8 long (either slender or stout) : 9 4 ‘Cylinder-bristles” of tibia of palp very stout, slender and Snes G. ie schert, Hirst. 1 The posterior re of the male specimen of G. nee Pocock, are missing. The female which is supposed to belong to this species, however, has the distal segment of the fourth leg armed below with a pair of spines, 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 247 Bristles forming pad of tarsus of fourth leg not clavate in shape .. 10 Bristles forming pad of tarsus of fourth leg clavate in shape .. G. bacillifer, Pocock. Proximal tarsal segment of second f and third legs without a posterior 2 4 basal spine II i Proximal tarsal segment of second and third legs usually with a pos- terior basal spine ae G. avaneotdes, Pallas. (Legs sandy yellow, patella of palp | twice the width of the head .. G. chitralensis, Hirst. Ir 4 Legs browner, patella of palp con | siderably more than twice the width of the head - - .. G. indicus, Pocock. Eusimonia celeripes, sp. nov. Colour.—Pale yellow; head infuscate; abdomen greyish yellow; palpi and legs slightly infuscate. Mandible of Eustmonia celeripes, Hirst. Mandible.—Dorsal horn short, pointed and slightly curved; Flagellum strongly curved, the terminal part abruptly narrowed and sharply pointed. Vertical lamina with the lower corner not rounded but angular. Upper jaw with the fourth, seventh and eighth teeth (from the anterior end) the largest ; the first, third, sixth, ninth and tenth of large size, the remaining teeth being small. Lower jaw furnished with a strong tooth, which is usually preceded by two or three rudimentary teeth. Palpt.—Inner side of tibia of palp armed towards the distal end with six spines, the ends of which are blunt and often en- larged ; the proximal spine is the largest. Abdomen.—Third abdominal segment provided with a cluster of 6-7 short and stout bristles. Fourth abdominal segment with twelve long and slender bristles. Measurements in mm.—Length of body 10°5. Locality.—Kaschgar Steppe. Three males collected by Mr. Constantine Aris. Remarks.—-This species is closely allied to E. turkestana, Krae- pelin, from which it differs in the form of the flagellum, dentition of the mandibles, and in the number of bristles on the ventral sur- face of the fourth abdominal segment. . - Sa oo == 7 - > a sees = +? a E a ‘ v =e 7 : ; ane = | a A a - ‘ 6 7 - ’ : rer? = kw « a a 7 « : ‘ — ~ %& = _ - 7 oe - _ : : 7 ne oA ; ite ' \ : = : 2 roe 7 i) ~ eo = : . a = ' ‘ - = 7 i » : Aa ‘ ' y * bt ' ‘ ‘ * x 4% - iy . 7 ‘ r 7 , 5 a a Vv = : - : , . de - 7 1 ¥ 1 ! a . ; . T 5 ‘ . v v +. es 4 eed . 5 ae, Apap daha we x Vieee Ee DI Ee AeRE NCH SBE TWEEN. THs TAKIN (BUDORCAS) FROM THE MISHMI HILLS. AND. THAT FROM TIBET, WITH NOTES ON VARIATION DISPLAYED BY THE FORMER. By T. BENTHAM, Indian Museum. (Plate xxiii.) In the collection of the Indian Museum there are twelve skulls and frontlets of Budorcas taxicolor, nine of which are known to come from the Mishmi Hills and one from E. Tibet, two having no known history. In the Mishmi series, two sets of skulls can be so arranged that they show a marked difference in rise from the young to the adult stage. This rise is marked by the gradual approxi- mation of the horns. The youngest of the series, which are all males, has the horns at their bases quite two inches apart, and this distance gradually becomes less and less until we even- tually arrive at a specimen in which the horns are coincident and very large. The only Tibetan species, which is a young adult, seems to possess horns which are almost identical dn size and dis- tance apart with No. 2 of the Mishmi series. This almost serves to point out that Mishmi and Tibetan animals cannot with certainty be distinguished by the size, shape, or distance apart of their horns. The only thing that can be said on this point is that the horns are very variable and that this variability seems to be conse- quent on the age of the animal. (For description of horns cf. Chalmers Mitchell, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 467; Lydekker, Game Ammals of India, etc., p. 162; Hodgson, Journ. Aszat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xix, p. 65; Milne Edwards, Réch. des Mam., 1868-74, p. 367.) A more important point lies in the shortness and broadness of the nasal bones of the Budorcas from Tibet, as compared propor- tionately with all the Mishmi specimens. This feature carries with it a larger space to the opening of the nasal chamber, which is deeper and higher than in the animal from Assam. In referring to the nasal chamber it must also be noted that in the Tibetan skull the ridges starting from the edge of the maxilla at the junction of this bone with the premaxilla and lying on the floor of the nasal chamber are far less marked than in the Mishmi skull (see pl. xxiii, A and B, figs. 2 and 3). ‘This last statement also applies to the pits underlying the vomer, which are larger and deeper in the Mishmi animal. The difference in these ridges undoubtedly shows that as aconsequence of their development the maxillo-turbinals are far more developed in the Assam form than in that from Tibet, a fact 250 T. BENTHAM: Budorcas taxicolor. [Vor. 5 which is not altogether surprising, since the Mishmi Takin lives in jungle, where its sense of smell would be more indispensable than if its habitat were on the bare plateaux of Tibet. The premaxilla is longer in the Tibetan skull, proportionately, and more slender than in the other specimens. This is also quite evident in Milne Edward’s drawing of the nose-cavity in a speci- men from Movpin.! In the skeleton the only difference between the Assam and Tibetan forms seems to lie, as far as can be judged from the same author’s plates, in the humerus. This difference probably is not important, perhaps being due to age. The outer tuberosity of the Mishmi humerus is larger and has a greater curve inwards than that in the Moupin humerus figured. The bicipital groove is there- fore deeper. The deltoid ridge also is more strongly marked. The anterior cannon-bone is shorter and broader in proportion in the Tibetan Budorcas, while with regard to the posterior cannon-bone the reverse is the case. Comparison of Mishmi skins inter se exhibits great variation. The colour in males varies from russet-brown to light straw-grey. In no individuals are the dark parts pure black. In fact the younger the animal is, the darker the colour of the skin. The following is a list of the observations taken from skins ranging in age from young to fully adult :— Budorcas taxicolor, # Skins from Assam: Age Series. ) | Length of Serial | Length | anterior Col No. |of horn.| hoof, OL OiE. | front face. | Uniform dark russet-brown; legs and a small patch on the nose inclining to black; dorsal streak very faint and more marked on hind quarters ; interior of ears, a patch on the loins, | a small patch over eye light brown. I None | 1°25 40. 2 7 Tin E2225, Tle Hair becoming lighter and more golden in colour at the tips along the edge of the dorsal streak, which is now better marked and is beginning to show signs of appearing between shoulders. Rest of the skin as in No. 1. 3 2° 5 te] 225 Atl Dorsal streak quite well marked and dark brown, the hairs having black tips. More yellowish colour on the back which, mingling with the reddish brown hairs it is replacing, gives the back in parts a greenish appearance. A light patch beginning to be evident on the forehead. 1 Réchérches des Mammiféres (Paris), 1868-74, pl. Ixxvi. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 251 [ | | Length of | Serial Length | anterior No. | of horn.| hoof, . | Colour. front face. 4 21in. | 3in. .. Whole of back yellow, varying from straw colour nearer the dorsal streak to chestnut on the sides. Crescentic patch on forehead and the | lining to ears straw colour. Rest of head, as also flanks, very dark brown. Under parts | _ dark brown, the hairs of legs tipped black. | 5 | 22 iM, |\-3"2:5°401. Altogether duller; the dorsal streak beginning to | disappear. General colour of the upper parts drab straw colour with a slight greenish tinge. Under parts almost black. Nearest to the Tibetan specimen in colour, and also to Hodg- son’s original description of the type, although | | _ itis not the same specimen, | The two females in the collection also show a decided differ- ence inter se, no doubt due to age. In both the dark dorsal stripe present in the males is faint and nearly absent; the younger ani- mal exhibits the browner tendencies shown in the younger males, while the older one is greyer in appearance. Both skins are larger than any male skin in the Museum’s possession. ‘This indicates that the female may be larger than the male, if the evidence of the dry skins is anything to go upon. The Tibetan skin shows the following coloration, approaching the oldest Mishmi example in appearance :— General colour above yellowish fawn inclining to grey, the hairs at their bases being straw colour; hair of back lighter straw colour along the edges of the dorsal streak, the hair of which is dark brown with black tips. Dorsal streak extending from root of tail, which is black, to the middle of the shoulders, where it gives way to a straw coloured stripe extending across the occiput to the fore- head! behind the ears and between the eyes. A small light patch at the anterior corner of the eye, and the interior of the ears straw coloured; hair of the muzzle and sides of head black, some of the hairs being different shades of brown and straw colour at their bases; long hairs at sides of body light dull grey with long black tips; a small russet-brown patch above each hoof. The following is an abstract of Mr. Lydekker’s description of Budorcas taxicolor whitei in the Field of November 16th, 1907, this sub-species having been formed on four specimens from Bhutan. 1 Hodgson had a model of the Mishmi Takin sent him. This was made by a Mishmi chief, and had a light yellow half-moon mark on the forehead ; vide Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xix, p. 69. 252 T. BENTHAM: Budorcas taxicolor. [VoL aT, The first two specimens were both adult (a male and a female), and the horns of the bull were shorter than those of the cow. The second two were those of an immature male and adult female. From this evidence Mr. Lydekker states that the horns of an adult Bhutia bull would have been 14 to 15 inches in length as compared with 20 to 24 in the Mishmi Takin. But, from the statistics quoted, the same thing might be said with regard to the Tibetan Takin as compared with the Mishmi form. It appears, also, that the yellow colour of the hair in the animal from Bhutan is intermediate in area between that of Mishmi and that of Tibetan examples. ‘The yellow colour of the hair is seemingly also intermedi- ate between the two extremes in some representatives of the same Mishmi race. Indeed, one example of this race in the Museum is almost identical in appearance with the Tibetan animal. A grey Takin is mentioned by Mr. Lydekker ' as coming from Sze-chuen, and he proposes to form a new sub-species for its recep- tion. ‘The animal is a female and is light grey on the upper parts. The gentleman who sent the specimen to Mr. Rowland Ward says that there are two kinds of Takin in Sze-chuen, one a small red animal and the other a large grey one. It is not improbable that the female Budorcas is larger than the male, and I have shown that the young are dark russet-brown, and the adults light in appearance. It is probable that the small ‘‘race’’ mentioned consists simply of young examples of the large grey form, and, as is quite common among ungulates, that the young separate into flocks, while the adult males or females, as the case may be, go about singly or in pairs. An observant person could, with the greatest ease, make at least three sub-species from the Mishmi skins in the Indian Museum, if they had chanced to be from different localities simply on the evidence of coloration and variation of horns. I may also mention that we have two stuffed specimens from the Mishmi Hills in addition to those already noticed. These are pre- sumably adult, and though they are somewhat faded, it can easily be seen that the female is larger and greyer in appearance, stand- ing 3 feet 5 inches at the shoulder, while the male is reddish, and is only 2 feet 8 inches in height. These animals, looked at from a great distance, would be thought to be distinct species. On the evidence of the facts stated above, I am perfectly will- ing to admit that the Mishmi and Tibetan animals are distinct, not so much on the evidence of coloration, but on that of the characteristics of the skull, on which the Tibetan animal perhaps deserves specific rank. In the face, however, of the occurrence of so much variation .in Mishmi animals, it is quite reasonable to suppose that a like variation occurs among those beyond the hills. Appended is a list of measurements of skulls and skeletons of the o@ specimens in the Indian Museum and of the one described by Milne Edwards. !Inthe [veld of May oth, 1908. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum, 253 [NoTE.—Since writing this paper I have been permitted by Mr. I. H. Burkill of the Industrial Section, Indian Museum, to examine a shield from the Daffla Hills made of Budorcas hide. This skin is probably that of a young animal and is brownish in appearance, the dorsal stripe being indistinct. This fact is inter- esting only as regards the distribution of the Takin, if we may assume that the skin is that of an individual killed in the Daffla and not in the Mishmi Hills. ] Measurements of Skulls. | ae a Gee Pee ee lee) | cS 5 ios] es) ka | PS Lan ae Measurements in aea® Bs = is A mA a eS = millimetres. | 8 =ie7 Bu I ipod) alee 2 lod i Ba | Be le |B ee) E age 1 = See ens oy | = % % % ed Ot | fe | | Basal length of skull | 386 395 375 415 | 360] 400 353 Breadth between orbits l= tak 168 144 Tago" 125 93 134 Length nasals cap ae 16) 142 136 T6Ot (Ets aan 98 Breadth nasals |) - 99 98 70 88 70 58 80 Depth from highest point | of nasals to lowest point of maxilla .. ay L674 174: 168 171 154 | 130) 143 Length of premaxilla a TAO 155 155 TRSce 230) aes 130 Length from tip of nasals | | | to end of premaxilla .. 147 git 147 143 ER ce 135 Breadth; between premaxil- | le at junctions with | | | maxille + QI | 98 93 OS 2 Fe la. 75 Length from between horns | to end of nasals 251 245 2A7 a ZOOS 243 ae 215 Length cf manxillary tooth- | line 124 122 130) (TLS 127 i 120 Length from ‘first premo- | | lar to end of premaxilla 120 a5 EIS: T25.)° 6s |=, 99 Length of space between | the horns at base ES 14 20 coinci- 15 7 < 25 dent. | | | Length of horn Ae Beal Bade | Sie) “Sila | 408 |’ Aso) 365 Circumference at base of | | | horn a 285 Z00- | . 323% |. “204-) - 235 /)"%320)| Beac Length tip to tip 245 328 265 220 | 185 | 330] 160 Length from coronoid pro- cess to angle 146 i 138 PP Wie wee Gia ames 134 Breadth from third molar | to angle ay! 7 94 ae 93 ree |e 95 Fa 75 Length of mandibular | tooth-line .. ae 125 Ae 25 fet |S peels Je larine’ 254 T. BENTHAM: Budorcas taxicolor, Measurements of Skeletons, [Vor,. TL, 19008.) Measurements in millimetres. Length of the humerus Transverse diameter of | the superior extremity | of the humerus : Thickness of the great | tuberosity Minimum diameter of the diaphysis Length cf the inferior | extremity of the hu- MICTUS ye ays St Length of the radius .. Length of the superior | extremity of the radius Breadth of the inferior extremity of the radius Length of the ulna Length of the anterior cannon bone ae Minimum breadth the anterior cannon- bone Maximum breadth of the anterior cannon- bone ae Minimum thickness of the anterior cannon- bone an se Length of the femur Transverse diameter of the superior extremity of the femur 3 Maximum diameter of the diaphysis Transverse diameter co the inferior extremity Antero-posterior dia- meter of the inferior extremity Length of the posterior cannon-bone R Minimum transverse diameter Ais Maximum transverse diameter of | | | S Budorcas taxtcolor, Mishmi Hills, Assam. & Budorcas taxicoloy (tibe- | tanus), Alphonse Milne Edwards. 315 IOl 33 36 69 275 61 58 365 703} | Broader ; and __ 44% shorter | in pro- portion 65 20 335 95 B1 81 83 151) Longer and 33 > narrow- er in pro-, portion. 59 J Shorter and _ 43 | broader in pro- portion. | &@Budorcas taxicolor, Mishmi Hills, narrow- portion, Femur missing, also posterior cannon- bone. er in pro- @ juv. Budor- cas taxt- color, Mishmi Hills. 260 70 25 53 60 210 58 oe) 250 Anterior cannon- bone missing. 288 85 42 78 85 120 30 50 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII. Fic. 1.—Floor of nasal chamber in skull of Budorcas from Assam. 2.—Floor of nasal chamber in skull of Budorcas from E. Tibet. 2, A= Pit. B = Ridge separating the pits. = Maxillo-turbinal. Plate XXIII. Rec. Ind. Mus,., Vol. II, 1908. ARIES Heo epoch nites HA Dre vate ap iat Premaxilla. Piece (ae. Pig. ee y, Del. et. Lith. ar Chowdh A.C. -c rt © ue ve t ‘ oe i MX) bil ON veARL DOT NA UNILOPIGA (ROUX) AND: TUS VAR LE PILES. By Dr. J. G. DE Man, TLerseke, Holland. The collection of Crustacea obtained from brackish water ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, which is described at p. 211 of this Journal, comprised also very numerous specimens of a variety of Caridina nilotica (Roux) which proved to be new. As our know- ledge of this species and its varieties appears still much confused and unsatisfactory, the present paper will, I think, be welcome. The typical species, Caridina nilotica (Roux) from the Nile, was described by Roux, as a Pelias, in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles, t. xxviii, 1833, p. 73, pl. 7. Compare the following papers :— Hickson, S. J., On a new Species of the genus Atya (A. wyckit) from Celebes, in: Annals and Magaz. of Natural History for Nov. 1888, p. 357, pls. xiii, xiv. de Man, J. G., in: Max Weber’s Zoolog. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Niederl. Ost-Indien, ii, 1892, p. 386, pl. xxiv, figs. 29; 29-k. Max Weber, Zur Kenntniss der Stisswasser-Fauna von Stid- Afrika, in: Zoolog. Jahrbiicher (Spengel), Abth. f. System. x, 1897, p. 168. Schenkel, E.,in: Verhandl. der Naturf. Gesellschaft in Basel xiii, 1902, Heft 3, pp. 497-499. de Man, J. G., in: Abhandl. der Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesellschaft, xxv, 1902, p. 895. Bouvier, EE. im n: Bulletin Scientif. de la France et de la Belgique, t. xxxix, aor pp. 78-80. Calman, W. i in: Proceed. Zoolog. Soc. London, 1906, vol. i, p. 189. The following material lies before me :— 1. Twenty-three specimens, some of which are adult and egg-bearing, collected, December 1903, in ponds and é canals near Cairo, Egypt, and presented to me by Capt. S. S. Flower, Director of the Zoological Gardens at Giza, near Cairo, January I904. 2. Twenty specimens, some of which are egg-bearing, of Caridina longivostris, H. M. Edw., from the river Macta, near Oran, co-types, received in 1890 from the 256 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. [Vou. EH, Museum at Paris ; these specimens have already been described by me in my paper of 1892 (J.c.). 3. An egg-bearing female and a younger specimen without eggs from the Lake Victoria Nyanza, Bay Kavirondo, received, May 1904, from Prof. E. L. Bouvier ,— Caridina wyckiw, Hicks., var. pauctpava, de Man; these specimens were collected, Sept. 1903, by M. Alluaud. - 4. Three egg-bearing females from the river Umgeni, Natal, collected Nov. 1894, and received from Prof. Max Weber ,—Car. wyckw, Hicks. 5. Six adult specimens, three of which are ova-bearing, from the river Umhlasine, Natal, collected by Prof. Max Weber in 1894 and presented by him,—Car. wyckw, Hicks. var. paucipara, M. Weber. 6. One egg-bearing adult female and 60 young specimens collected by Dr. N. Annandale, Jan. 28-—30th, 1906, in brackish water ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal. 7. Fourteen ova-bearing adult females and 48 younger specimens collected, Nov. 12th, 1906, in the same locality. 8. Twenty-four ova-bearing females of somewhat smaller size than the preceding and 40 young specimens gathered, Dec. 8th, 1906, in the same locality. g. Four specimens, one of which ts adult, collected at Dhappa, near Calcutta, in slightly brackish water. 10. Three adult specimens with eggs from the river near Palopo, Luwu, Celebes, described by me, /.c., 1892, p. 388, as the typical form of Car. wyckit. 11. Three adult specimens with eggs, from the river near Mbawa, Flores, described by me, /.c., 1892, p. 393, also as the typical form of Car. wyckit. 12. Three adult females with eggs from Maros, Celebes, described. by me, /.c,, 1892, p. 393, as. the- variety gvacilipes of Car. wyckwt (Hickson). A punctual and close examination of this large interesting material and accurate measurements of the thoracic legs led to the following results :— (a) Caridina longirostris, H. M. Edw., from Oran is not iden- tical with Car. nilotica (Roux) from Egypt, but proved to be a distinct variety of it. (b) The specimens from Lake Victoria Nyanza ought got to be referred to the var. pauctpara, M. Weber '; as _ regards the measurements of their legs, they almost fully resemble the var. gracilipes, de M., from Celebes, | Prof. Bouvier in his valuable paper on the Atyide (l.c., 1905), erroneously Supposes this variety to have been described by me. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 257 but. they agree with the typical nzlotica from Egypt by the large size of their eggs. (c) The specimens collected in the river Umgeni, Natal, were ; wrongly referred by Prof. Weber to Car. wychit, Hicks.; they ought to be considered as a distinct variety natalensis nov. (d) The specimens obtained from Port Canning and from Dhappa, Lower Bengal, though closely related to the var. gvacilipes from Celebes, are, at least for the present, to be regarded as a distinct and new variety bengalensis nov. (e) The specimens from the river near Palopo, Luwu, Celebes, from the river near Mbawa, Flores, and from the other localities mentioned by me, /.c., 1892, p. 386, are not to be referred to Car. wyckiw (Hicks.), but ought to be considered as a proper variety, for which the name of brachydactyla nov. is proposed. (f) According to Dr. Calman (/.c., p. 190), the co-types of Prof. Hickson’s species from Celebes should have the carpus exactly as in the types of Jongirosirts ; they are therefore different from the var. brachy- dactyla and ought to be considered as a distinct variety wyckit (Hicks.). (g) All the varieties living on the islands of the Indian Archi- pelago and in Bengal are certainly distinct from those occurring in Africa. 8 The typical Car. nilotica (Roux) inhabits Egypt (the Nile, freshwater ponds and canals); its at present known varieties are the following :-— I. var. dongivosivis, H. M. Edw. River Macta, Oran. 2. var. natalensis, n. Natal. 3. var. paucipara, M. Weber. Natal. 4. var. bengalensts, n. Bengal. 5. var. wyckit, Hicks. Lake ‘Tondano, Minahassa, Celebes, at a height of 2,000 feet above sea-level. 6. var. minahassa, de M. Minahassa, Celebes. 7. var. brachydactyla, n. Celebes, Saleyer, Flores. 8. var. gractlipes, de M. Celebes, Saleyer. Key to the varieties of Caridina nilotica (Roux). I. Number indicating the proportion between length and breadth of the carpus of Ist pair of legs usually 2 or more than 2; rarely falling to 1°8, or quite excep- tionally to 1°66 (var. bengalensis). 258 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. (VoL, II, a. Dactylus of 3rd pair of legs always longer than 1 of the propodite (number indicat- ing the proportion between the length of both joints varying between 3°3 and 4°6) ; dactylus of 5th pair also longer than + of the propodite (the number of proportion varying be- tween 2°87 and 4°5). b. Number indicating the pro- portion between length and breadth ! of the dactylus of 3rd pair less than 4. c. Number indicating the pro- portion between length and breadth of the dactylus of 5th pair varying between 4 and 4°6; dactylus of 5th pair with 40—50 spinules. d. ova o'7—0'86 mm. long .. milotica (Roux). dd. ova 0°42—0'46 mm.long .. natalensis, nov. cc. Number indicating the pro- portion between length and breadth of the dactylus of 5th pair varying between 4°6 and 62; dactylus of 5th pair with 60—74 spi- nules ; ova 0'96--I'06 mm. long. . paucipara, M. Weber. bb. Number indicating tHe pro- portion between length and breadth of the dactylus of 3rd pair usually larger than 4, of 5th pair varying be- tween 5 and 6. e. Number of proximal teeth of the upper margin of the rostrum usually varying between I2 and 20; ova usually 0°35 mm. long, their length varying between 0°33 ando’4 mm. . var. gracilipes, de M. ee. Number of proximal teeth of the upper margin of the rostrum usually varying | The breadth of the dactylus is measured at the level of the tst lateral spinule. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 259 between 20 and 24; ova usually 0°45 or 0°46 mm. long, varying between 0°42 and 0°49 mm. .. var. bengalensis, nov. aa. Dactylus of 3rd pair about 1 the length of the propo- dite (number indicating the proportion between the length of both joints vary- ing between 5°8 and 6:2); dactylus of 5th pair 1—+ Ol. thes propodite.,. Ova 0°39—0'44 mm.long .. var. brachydactyla, nov. II. Number indicating the proportion between length and breadth of the carpus of Ist legs usually less than i°8, rarely rising to I'9, but never reaching to 2. f. Number indicating the pro- portion between the length of propodite and dactylus of 3rd pair larger than 5, of 4th pair, 4. .. var. wycki (Hicks.). ff. Number indicating the pro- portion between the length of propodite and dactylus of 3rd pair usually less than Ay -tarely; teaching ‘te, 4-2": that of 5th pair always less than 4. g. ova 0°55 mm. long .. var. minahassa, de M. gg. ova 0°33—0°39 mm. long. .. var. longirostris, H.M. Edw. Whereas in the foregoing key the principal characters are in- dicated by which the varieties may be distinguished, the following part contains my observations on the rostrum and on the thoracic legs. 1. Caridina nilotica (Roux), typical form. TABLE A. (Plate O77k mm. %.-0'42 mim; 0°73 mim: x 0°44 mm.; 0°74 mm. x 0144 mm. Of the female No. 5, however, the measurements were as follows: o°8 mm. * 0°47 mm.; 0°82 mm. x 0°47 mm.; 0°84 mm. x 0°49 mm. ; 0°86 mm. x 0°48 mm. The largest specimen, received from Capt. Flower, is a female with eggs, 29 mm. long. The two specimens from Lake Victoria Nyanza (compare Table B) differ from the preceding by the dactyli of the three posterior legs ; these joints show a slenderey shape, somewhat as in the var. gracilipes from Celebes, as is proved by comparing the two Tables A and B. In the ova-bearing female, 27 mm. long, the dactylus of the 3rd_ pair (fig. 2) is armed with Io spines, in the other with 11; the dactyli of the 5th pair (fig. 2a) are armed with 49 and 50 spinules respectively. In the female 27 mm. long the ischium of the 3rd legs is unarmed, the meropodite carries three spines, o'2I mm. long, the 2nd spine is placed a little nearer to the proxt- mal than to the distal extremity of the joint, the Ist just midway between the proximal extremity and the 2nd spine, the 3rd near the distal extremity. In the other specimen, however, the mero- podite of the 3rd legs presented four spines, the 2nd somewhat nearer to the proximal than to the distal extremity, the 3rd just beyond the 2nd, the Ist midway between the 3rd and the proximal extremity, the 4th near the far end of the joint. The eggs (fig. 20) 262 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. [VoL, II, of the female No. I are a little smaller than those of the typical form, being 0°62--0'7 mm. long and o0°38—o'4 mm. broad; the measurements of nine eggs are as follows: 0°62 mm.xo0'38 mm.; 0°62 mm. x 0°39 mm. ; 0°62 mm.xo'4 mm. ; 0°63 mm. x 0°38 mm. ; 0°64 mm. x 0°39 mm. ; 0°65 mm.xo'4 mm. ; 0°66 mm. x 0°38 mm. ; 0°68 mim. x 0'4 mm. and 0°7 mm. X 0°39 mm. The measurements of these eggs agree with those indicated by Dr. Calman (/.c.) for specimens from the same Lake Victoria Nyanza ; also as regards the measurements of the rst legs, his specimens agree with those of Table B, but the dactyli of the three posterior legs are apparently a little shorter in Calman’s specimens. 2. Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. natalensis, nov TABLE C. (Plate xx, figs. 3, 3@, 30.) Prof. Max Weber, in his quoted paper on the freshwater fauna of South Africa, referred numerous specimens collected by him in the rivers of Natal, partly to the typical form of Car. wyckit (Hicks.), partly to a new variety paucipara. A close examination of three adult ova-bearing females from the river Umgeni,—co-types re- ceived from him,—proved, however, that they only differ from the typical species, inhabiting Egypt, by the much smaller size of the eggs, whereas they fully agree with it as regards the measurements of the thoracic legs (compare Table C with Table A). According to Max Weber the dactyli of the 3rd pair should measure +, those of the 5th +, of the length of the propodites ; in the three co-types, however, measured on Table C, the dactyl appear distinctly longer. But even when supposing that the dactyli are in other specimens indeed as short as indicated by Prof. Weber, there are apparently still other differences between this Natal variety and the var. brachydactyla, nov., from Celebes. The fingers of the 1st legs are in the females from the river Umgeni about once and a half as long as the palm, but in the var. brachydactyla ' twice or more than twice as long; the fingers of the 2nd legs appear also comparatively longer in the var. brachydactyla than in the var. natalensis. The dactyli of the three posterior legs show a still stouter shape in the Indian variety, and those of the 3rd pair carry only six or seven spines, the terminal claw included, but in the var. natalensis, though sometimes seven, also often eight or nine, as was already indicated by Max Weber. The ischium of the three posterior legs appears unarmed in the females from the river Umgeni. The meropodite of the 3rd legs is armed with three spines, the Ist just or nearly in the middle of the joint, the 3rd near the distal extremity and the 2nd midway between the 1st and the 3rd, or a little nearer to the 2nd. The | Prof. Weber did compare, of course, his Natal specimens with the material described by me in 1892 (/.c.); the ‘‘ typical form ”’ of Car, wyckii appears now as the var. brachvdactyla, igo8. | Records of the Indian Museum. 263 carpus has also a spine near the far end. The meropodite of the 5th legs has but one spine near the distal extremity, there is also a spine on the carpus near the far end, and one observes five small spinules between this spine and the proximal extremity of this joint. The ova are 0°42—0°48 mm. long and 0°24—0'295 mm. broad, presenting the same size as those of the var. bengalensis and of the var. bvachydactyla. The measurements of ten eggs are as follows : 0°42*%0°27 mm. ; 0°42 0°29 mm. ; 0°43 0°26 mm. ; 0°43 ¥O26 “min: +--0-44% 0°24 tlm..; 044% 0'27 mm. (two eggs)’; 0°44X%0°'29 mm.; 0°455x0°285 mm.; 0°40x0'295 mm. The specimens from the Lake Nyasa, described by Dr. Cal- man (/.c., p. 190), are probably to be referred to this variety. 3. Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. pauctpara, M. Weber. TABLE D. (Plate xx, figs. 4, 4a, 40.) Canidina wyckit, Hickson, var. pauctpara, Max Weber, Lc., DALOS. This variety, which inhabits the rivers Umhloti and Umhlasine, and together with the var. natalensis the river Umbilo, all situated in Natal, differs from the typical form of Egypt (1) by the slen- derey dactyli of the 5th legs, which dactyli are armed with 60—74 spinules instead of 4o—50; (2) by somewhat larger eggs ; and (3) per- haps also by the rostrum. The teeth on the upper edge should be, according to Max Weber, I1I—20 in number, less, therefore, than in the Egyptian species; in two of the five co-types the measurements of which are given in Table D the rostrum carries one subapical tooth, in two others this tooth is w anting altogether, in the fifth specimen the tip of the rostrum is injured. The unarmed terminal part is described as being somewhat shorter or just as long as the toothed part of the upper margin; in No. 2 of Table D the un- armed part appears even a trifle longer than the row of teeth, in No. I it is just as long, and in two other specimens the toothed part appears once and a half as long as the unarmed one. As regards the number of teeth on the lower margin (12—18) this variety agrees with the typical form. When the measurements of the legs given in Table D are com- pared with those of the Egyptian form in Table A, one observes a close resemblance except only in the proportion between length and breadth of the dactyli of the 5th pair ; in the paucipara specimens this proportion varies between 4°6 and 6-2, in the typical form, however, between 4 and 4°6. It ought, however, to be remarked that in some specimens of both varieties the same number (4°6) sometimes occurs, and in these individuals the dactyli present just the same form. In the egg-bearing female No. 1 the ischium of the 3rd legs is armed with a spine near the far end of its lower margin ; the meropodite carries three spines, the 2nd somewhat nearer to the distal extremity than to the proximal, the 1st midway between the 2nd and the 264 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. (Vor: proximal extremity, the 3rd near the far end. Carpus with a spine near the distal extremity. The ischium of the 5th legs is unarmed, the meropodite carries two spines, the Ist nearer to the distal than to the proximal extremity, the 2nd near the distal end. Carpus also with a spine near the distal extremity. Another co-type (No. 4) agrees as regards the armature of ischium and meropodite with the preceding specimen. According to Weber’s description the dactylus of the 3rd and 4th pairs should measure about 1, that of the 5th 1 of the pro- podite : in the co-types measured on Table D, these dactyli appear a little longer. The eggs (fig. 4b) are few in number and the Jargest of all the other varieties: they are o796—1'06 mm. long and 0°55 —o'67 mm. broad. Nine eggs of No. 1 presented the following measurements : 0°96 x 0°6 mm. ; 0°97 x 0°62 mm. ; 0°98 x 0°62 mm. ; 0°98 x 0°67 mm. ; Ix 0°62 mm. ; 1°02 x 0°62 mm.; I'02x 0°63 mm. ; 1'02x0'64 mm.; 1°05x0'6 mm. Four eggs of female No. 3 presented the following measurements: I°1x0'64 mm.; 1°04 x 0°64 mm. ; 1°04 x 0°65 mm. ; 1°06 x 0°62 mm.; and the measure- ments, finally, of four eggs of No. 4 were 0°96x0°55 mm. ; 0°97 xo'58 mm.; o'98x 0°59 mm. and 1x0'58 mm. 4. Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. longirostvis, H. M. Edw. TABLE E (Plate xx, figs. 5, 5a, 50.) Caridina longirostris, H. Milne Edwards,.Hist. Nat. Crust., li, 1837, p. 363; de Man, /.c., 1892, p. 396, tab. xxiv, fig. 20/, 29m, 29 mm; Bouvier, /.c., 1905, p. 78. The 20 specimens, co-types, of Car. longivosivis from the river Macta, Oran, that are lying before me are the same that were examined and figured by me in 1892. ‘Ten have been measured (Table E). This form proved to be quite different from the Egyptian typical species ; it may at once he distinguished by its much smaller eggs (fig. 5b), which are as small as those of the varieties gracilipes, de M., and brachydactyla, de M., from Celebes, being 0°33--0°39 mm. long and 0°21I—o0'26 mm. broad. So, ¢.g., five eggs of the female No. 2, which was 18°5 mm. long, presented the following measurements : 0°35 x 0°21 mm. ; 0°38 x 0°24 mm. ; 0°38x 0°25 mm.; 0°38x0'26 mm. ; 0°39 x 0°23 mm.; and five eggs of the female No. 7, 16°5 mm. long, the following: 0°33x0°23 mm. ; 0°34 x 0°23- mm..;- 0°36x:0°23 mm, ;:0°36 0°24. mm: 5. 0°37 0°25 mim, The toothing-formule of the rostrum of three specimens that are not in the Table are as follows :— I5'4r I8'+2 1941 i ea 14? 15 and in these specimens the proportion between the length of the 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. . 2605 toothed part and that of the terminal unarmed part of the upper margin is respectively expressed by the numbers 1°38, 2 and 1°4. Besides one subapical tooth, the upper edge is armed with 14—21 teeth, the lower with II—17. On an average the toothed part of the upper edge appears only once and a half as long as the termi- nal unarmed part, but in the typical form from the Nile the un- armed part is usually shorter, measuring sometimes even barely one- third of the toothed part (Table A, No. 4). My contention (l.c., 1892, p. 396) that all the upper teeth are placed on the rostrum proper, proved to be erroneous, for one or two are placed on the carapace behind the orbital margin. This variety is, however, also distinguished by the thoracic legs. The carpus of the Ist legs appears usually broader in proportion to its length than in the typical form of Egypt and than in the other varieties, except the var. wyckit, Hicks., and the var. minahassa, de M. The average number, indeed, indicating the proportion between length and breadth of the carpus is for the eight measured specimens from the river Macta 1°64, but for the ten of the typical form from Cairo 2; the carpus of the var. longivostvis appears therefore on the aver- age once and a half as long as broad. As is proved by the measure- ments, the shape of the carpus of the 2nd legs is very variable : in some specimens, indeed, this joint is not quite four times, but in _other cases almost five times as long as broad. The dactyli of the three posterior legs are always a little longer than one-fourth of the propodite, nearly as in the Egyptian form, but they are a litile slenderey; those of the 3rd pair are armed with 7—1I0 spines, the terminal claw included, those of the 5th with 35—40. ‘The ischium of the 3rd legs carries a spine in the middle, the meropodite of these legs is armed with 3 spines, the 2nd about in the middle, the Ist midway between the 2nd and the proximal extremity, the 3rd near the distalend. Carpus witha spine near the far end and with two smaller spinules between this spine and the proximal extremity. The meropodite of the 5th legs Carries a spine just in the middle and one near the distal extremity, while one also observes a spine near the distal end of the carpus. The var. Jongivostris attains a length of I9 mm., its size being smaller than that of the typical form. 5. Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. bengalensis, nov. TABLE F. (Plate xx, figs. 6, 6a, 60.) Caridina wyckii (Hickson), Henderson, ‘* A Contribution to Indian Carcinology,” 1893, p. 434 (Trans. Linnean Soc. Zool., Ser. 2, vol. v) ; Nobili, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xviii, No. 452, 1903, p.6. The I9I specimens enumerated above and collected in brack- ish ponds at Port Canning and at Dhappa, near Calcutta, appar- ently belong to a new variety, different from those living in Africa as also from the varieties that have been observed on the islands of the Indian Archipelago. ‘This new variety differs from 266 J. G. pe MAN: Caridina nilotica. [ Vor. 41, the typical form of Car. nilotica of Egypt by the slenderer dactyli of the three posterior legs and by the much smaller eggs ; it presents a greater resemblance to the var. gvacilipes, de M., from Celebes. The examination of 61 specimens, mostly adult or egg-bearing, from Port Canning, proved the following: The usual number of tecth in the proximal series of the upper margin.vartes between 20 and 24 ; in ten specimens 24 teeth were observed, in nine 23, in nine 22, in ten 21 and in eight 20; in two specimens the proximal row consisted of 25 teeth, in three of 26, in three of 27, in one of 29; in only two individuals were Ig teeth and in only one (very young) specimen were 17 teeth observed. The rostrum usually extends slightly beyond the antennal scales, or it appears just as long, rarely is it a little shorter. In all the specimens the proximal row of teeth appears considerably longer than the terminal unarmed part and the proportion between the length of the latter and that of the proximal row of teeth is as 1: 2—4'5. Whereas in the adult ova-bearing female (No. 1 of Table F) 28 mm. in length, the proximal row of teeth is only twice as long as the terminal unarmed part, it is 4 or 5 times as long ina quite young specimen (No. 15) 12°5 mm. in length, and, as is shown by the Table, the other specimens present all possible intermediate proportions. Usually two teeth are placed on the carapace, often, however, three and in one speci- men four teeth are placed on the carapace. One observes one sub- apical tooth as often as two; of the 61 specimens 24 carried one subapical tooth, in 31 two subapical teeth were found, in 2 three and in I specimen even four (compare the toothing-formule), In some specimens one or two isolated teeth occur on the unarmed terminal part of the upper edge between the proximal row and the subapical tooth: of the 61 examined specimens, 13 presented one isolated tooth and in one case two existed. The usual number of teeth on the lower margin varies between II and 14: of the 61 specimens in sixteen the lower margin was armed with Ir teeth, in eleven with 12, in eight with 13, in ten with 14, in two with 15, in two with 16, in one with 17, in five with Io, in three with 8 and in one with 6. One of the specimens in which the lower margin is armed with 8 teeth and also that with 6 are adult ova-bearing females. The largest specimen from Dhappa (26°5 mm. long) differs a little from the preceding. The rostrum projects with one-third of its length beyond the antennal scales, 7.c., farther than in the Port :s . . ee Ce ome Canning specimens; it 1s os 3) teeth of the upper margin are farther distant from each other than the rest. In this specimen the proximal row of teeth is but 1°8 times as long as the terminal unarmed part. In Table F the toothing-formule of 16 specimens are indicated ; the formula—- dentate and the two foremost 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum, 267 is that of an ova-bearing female, 16°5 mm. lovg, the rostrum of which is slightly shorter than the scaphocerites and than the cara- pace; and the formule of 45 other specimens, all from Port Canning, are as follows :—- I9+1+4+2 ; 22° +1+2 ; So) one specimen. ar ae one specimen. Toes st 22°+2+1 a es a ie 20°+1 234+ 2 8 ae) bs) >) 8 ) a9 2 20° + 3 23°+2 Io ) sp) I) Io 5) a +9 20° +2 23°+2 . ot ie 5 ray two specimens. 20° +41 23 4-1 = he Ey Pe one specimen, DOU ar 234 +2 13 ) ” ”) 14 99 29 207 rk 23°+14+? Sy Hh si a ei GOES one 9) a2 14 20° +142 2374142 12 y SPY Shy) Te ’ 93 + ae) 3 2 21° +2 : 24°+1 ae a female with eggs. ts, Fee O 21°42 DAs 2 ) one specimen. ae 3 99 “9 LO 10 21*+ 24° +2 , two specimens. et ia @ has lve 25 I2 224 ; 24*+I -, one specimen. —} ey, i2 21+3 24° +2 £3 ) ) 533) 1 ’ 412 a2 274141 24+1+2 == one ,, re wise: Minos 14 13 22 +1 2461+ 4 1 ) a) ) 4 ? nd 97 22°+1 . 25° +1 “-"— | one egg-bearing female, ates ere oa 155 mm. long. a 227 ei : 26°+1 =, Ons pechimlens: ; > >> oy ET I4 EE one specimen aoe oem. E 16’ ee 22° +2 272 i 67 ” oe god 27+ 29°+1+2 14, ’ 9° 99 15 ? 33 268 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. [Vot,. II, According to my original description in. Max Weber's Zoolog. Ergebn. einer Reise in Niederl. Ost-Indien, 11, 1892, p. 393, pil. Xxiii, figs. 29 and 29e¢, according to Schenkel (Beitrag z. Kenntniss der Dekapoden-fauna von Celebes, 1902, p. 498) and also accord- ing to Bouvier (/.c., 1905, p. 73), the rostrum of the var. gracilipes is characterised (1) by the proximal row of the upper edge consisting of 12—20 teeth, the usual number being 15—17 (de Man); (2) by the occurrence, usually, of one subapical tooth, rarely two ; (3) by the unarmed terminal part being longer than the proximal row, or just as long, or rarely shorter, but in the latter case the proximal row of teeth is no more than twice as long as the unarmed part. Schenkel, indeed, remarks about the rostrum: ‘‘ meist ungefahr die Halfte, seitener nur + des Oberrandes zahnlos.” Ina single specimen from the river Bonéa on the island of Saleyer the upper margin presented 24 teeth (de Man, J/.c., 1892, p. 395), but this is, no doubt, an exceptional case. The upper surface of the telson carries four pairs of spinules, in some specimens five spinules were observed on one side and four on the other; the telson ends posteriorly in a very short tooth, o'06 mm. long, whereas the hinder edge itself, 7.e., the linear distance between the outer angles, is 0°35 mm. broad ; at either side of the median tooth four spines are inserted, the first of which, at the outer angle, is the shortest of all—o'12 mm. long ; the next spine is the longest-—o0'33 mm. ; the third and the fourth are subequal, the third being 0°22 mm. long, the fourth, contiguous to the median tooth,o°'2mm. The telson of typical specimens of the var. gracilifes, de M., from Maros, Celebes, which are lying before me, fully agrees with that of the Bengal variety. External maxillipeds reaching to the end of the antennular peduncle. The legs of the rst and 2nd pair agree with those of the typi- cal form from Egypt and also with those of the var. graciiipes. The carpus of the 2nd legs presents a rather variable form : some- times (No. I) it is very slender, as in the var. gractlibes, but in other specimens, also adult, its shape is as stout as in the var. longirosirts from Oran (egg-bearing female No. 3). The dactylus of the 3rd pair of legs (fig. 6), which is armed with 8—10 spines, the terminal claw included, usually presents the same slender shape as 1n the var. evacilipes, it being 4 or more than 4 times as long as broad ; rarely, however, has the dactylus the same stout shape as in the typical Car. nilotica from Egypt, so, ¢.g., in the ege-bearing female No. 7, the dactylus of which is 3°8 times as long as broad. The meropodites of the 3rd legs are, in the adult female, No. 1, ten times as long as broad and armed with three stout spines of equal length (0'26—0'27 mm.); the first is inserted a little nearer to the proximal than to the distal extremity, the second is as far distant from the distal extremity as the first from the proximal, and the third is placed close to the distal extremity. A similar spine occurs near the middle of the ischium and another near the distal end of the lower margin of the carpus, 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 269 The meropodites of the 5th pair—-nine times as long as broad— are armed with one spine just beyond the middle and another near the distal extremity ; also a spine near the distal end of the carpus. The dactyli, which are armed with 45—55 spinules, have the same slender shape as in the var. gracilipes, being five or more than five times as long as broad. The eggs (fig. 6b) are a little larger than those of the var. gvacilipes;; they are usually 0°45 or 0°46 mm. long and o'28 mm. or 0°3 mm. broad, the length varying between 0°42 mm. and 0°49 mm., the breadth between 0°25 mm. and 0°3 mm. Females (15'5 min. long) gathered in Decemher in the brackish ponds of Port Canning are already provided with eggs which are of just the same size as those of the largest specimens, as, e.g., those of the female (28 mm. long) collected in November. This variety has also been observed by Henderson at MESH and bv Nobili at Pondicherry. 6. Cardina nilotica (Roux), var. wyckit (Hickson). Dr. Calman (/.c., 1907, p. 190) has pointed out, as was already made probable by Prof. Bouvier, that the species described by Hickson (/.c.) as Atya wycki, has the first carpus exactly as in the types of Car. longivostris, H. M. Edw., and he adds that specimens received from Prof. Hickson agree very closely with the var. mina- hassa described by me, differing chiefly in the shorter dactylus of the three posterior legs, that of the 4th pair being less than one- fifth, and that of the 5th pair one-fourth of the corresponding pro- podus. MHickson’s species, which was discovered in Lake Tondano, situated also in that mountain district of Minahassa, Celebes, thus proves to be a proper variety distinguished from the var. mina- hassa, de M., as from the var. longirostris, H. M. Edw., by the short dactylt of the three posterior legs. Unfortunately neither Hickson nor Calman indicate the size of the eggs. Hickson’s variety is not lying before me, so that as regards the other characters of this form I must refer to his papet. 7. Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. brachydactyla nov. y TABLE G. (Plate xx, figs. 8 a—c.) Synon.: Caridina wycki, de Man, l.c., 1892, pp. 386—393, tab. xxiv, fig. 29/, 29g, 297, 2977, 29k, 2Q9¢c, 2Q9dd (typical form). The preceding remarks about the var. wyckii (Hickson) prove at once that that form which I considered in 1892 (/.c.) to be the typical form of Car. wyckit, is, indeed, quite distinct, differing chiefly by the more slender carpus of the 1st pair of legs. This carpus, indeed, appears 2°I--2'5 times as long as broad, presenting the same form as in the typical Car. milotica from the ‘Nile. This variety, which has been observed on the islands of Celebes, Saleyer and Flores, may henceforth be known under the name of brachydactyla, 270 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. [Vor Though it has been fully described in my work of 1892, I wish to add the following: In this work, p. 390, the fingers of the first legs are said to be about once and a half as long as the palm; this observation, probably made by means of a feeble magnifying-glass, proved to be erroneous. Four adult ova-bearing females, co-types of the specimens described in 1892 and taken out of Prof. Weber’s collection, have now been exactly measured under the microscope, (Table G): the fingers of the Ist pair now appear to be 2—2°5 times as long as the palm. The carpus of the 2nd legs appears in some specimens very slender (six times as long as thick distally) (Table G, No. 3), but in other individuals it presents the same form as in the typical nilotica from the Nile and as in the var. longi- vostris. ‘The fingers of the 2nd chele now prove also to be more than twice as long as the palm. There is no spine on the ischial joint of the three posterior legs. The meropodites of the 3rd legs are armed with 3 spines ; the 2nd spine is placed just beyond the middle, the 1st midway be- tween the 2nd and the proximal extremity of this joint or somewhat nearer to the 2nd spine, the 3rd near the distal extremity. Carpus with a spine near the far end. The dactyli measure about 4 the length of the propodite. The meropodites of the 5th legs carry one spine near the distal extremity, as also their carpus; the dactyli are also short, measur ing 1-1 the length of the propodite. Quite characteristic is the stout shape of the dactyli of the three posterior legs, though it ought to be remarked that the shape of those of the 3rd legs is somewhat variable (cf. Nos. 1 and 4 of Table G). The eggs are very numerous and small, 0°39—0'44 mm. long and 0'22—0'25 mm. broad, presenting nearly the same size as those of the var. bengalensis and natalensis. Nine eggs of the female No. 1 from Mbawa, Flores, show the following measurements: 0°39 mm.% 0°23 mm. ; 0°4 mm X0'23 mm.; o4x0'24 mm. +041 x 6722 mim, ; 0°42%.0'23 mm. 20'42 * 0°24" min, ; 0:42 <0.25 “mil. 7 O42 x 0°23 mm.; 0'44x0'24 mm. 8. Caridina milotica (Roux), var. gracilipes, de M. TABLE H. (Plate xx; figs! 7.94, 70:) Caridina wyckit, Hickson, var. gractlipes, de Man, J.c., 1892, p. 393, tab. xxiv, figs. 29 a—e. This variety, which inhabits the islands of Celebes and Saleyer, is chiefly characterised by the slender dactyli of the three posterior legs, by the carpus of the rst legs being twice or a little more than twice as long as broad, by the shape and toothing of the rostrum and by its small eggs, which are usually 0°35 mm. long. ‘Three co-types, adult ova-bearing females, from Maros, Celebes, are measured on Table H. In two of the three the fingers of the 1st chela appear 1908, | Records. of the Indian Museum. 27% a little more than once and a half, and those of the 2nd pair 1°8 to 2 times as long as the palm. The dactyli of the 3rd legs, which in two of the three females appear a little shorter, but in the third even a little longer than + of the propodite, are armed with g or Io spines, the terminal claw included, but, according to the original description, they are often armed with II or I2 spines. The specimens referred by Schenkel (/.c., p. 498) to this variety seem partly to belong to another form,—probably to the var. wychiz (Hicks.),—because in some of his specimens the carpus presented the same shape as in the var. longirostris. The var. gracilipes is most closely related to the var. bengalensis, from which it seems to differ by the characters of the rostrum and by slightly smaller eggs. 9g. Candina nilotica (Roux), vat. minahassa, de M. TABLE I, (Plate xx, figs. -9, 9a, 9b.) Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. minahassa, de Man, /.c., Ig02, p. 895. Table I is taken from that in the quoted paper, the numbers having been calculated. This variety is most closely related to the var. dongirvostris, H. M. Edw., from Oran, but differs (1) by the much larger size of its eggs which are 0°55 mm. long, or once and a half as long as those of the variety inhabiting the river Macta ; (2) by the dactyli of the third legs being slightly shorter in proportion to the length of the propodite (compare Tables E and I). The dactyli of the three posterior legs have the same slender shape as those of the varieties longivostris and gracilipes, but those of the third pair are armed with 7 or 8 spines, the terminal claw included, whereas those of the fifth pair carry 33—38 spinules as in the African variety. 272 TABLE Measurements of the typical form of Caridina No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 Length from tip of rostrum to tip of telson - in millimetres .. sie - PSs) 28°5 27°5 Toothing-formula of the rostrum | a ae ‘2 an 2 “ Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than ae | scaphocerites : Serene > SS Rostrum longer >, or shorter 2 than the | | | carapace... by eee == > Proportion between the length of the tooth- | | ed and that of the unarmed ae of the | | | upper margin oa 2 | Length of carpus A os = = | I i 02 Breadth of carpus : ; | 0°54 0°52 0°46 Proportion between length and breadth of oh | carpus seh] ee LO 1°92 222 Length of chela | Ova 1°36 Te3 Breadth of chela as 0°05 | 0°63 0°6 Length of fingers | a | 0°83 | 0°79 082 Proportion between length of fingers and a that of palm lie 677353 1°39 L7 Proportion between length and breadth of | 3. chela af — 2°15 215. i)" 2506 Length of carpus = ak 1°76 | 1°8 18 Breadth of carpus at distal extremity se ge | OE 0°42 0°36 Proportion between oo and breadth of | 3% | | carpus ; ag este 4°3 5 Length of chela aie ne =) 125 1°45 Breadth of chela ae | O57 | 0°59 0°55 Length of fingers : | - 0°92 | 0°88 o'g1 Proportion between the length of fingers > wee |e 7 margin is shorter | _ than the tooth- | | | Cd part =) im gine 1°83 1°68 1°65 | 186 | 2°46 | | No. 3 and No.1o rr 0°92 0°94 i | OO. | 0°78 | 0°65 | the tip of the 0°49 | O51 | 0°46 | 0°52 | 0°36 | 0°36) 0:29 | rostrum is in- | | | feejuzed. 2 18! 2 | 92 | 25 | 217 | 2°2 |%n No. 8 the dac- 1°34 | 1°28 Ii5 | r25 | ro5 | tf | 0°88 tylus of fifth 0759 0°628 0°59 0°66 | 0°47 | 0°46 | 0°38 legs is broken at 0°82 | 0°78 o-7I 0°75 | 0°68 | 0°63 | 0°56 | the extremity. 1°58 | 1°50 ror | rs | r84] 07 | 175 | 2°3 | 2 2 eee aie, B20 27 | 2:3 1°68 | 164 | r64 | 156] 146 | 134 | Ir | 0°38 | 0°37 | 0°36 | 0°38 | 0°28 | 0°276) o:22 | 442 44 4°55 ale ee | 5 may PA |e |, 35 | 15 | TE 0°96 0°53 | 055) 0'554 —0°5O | 0°426| 07435, 0°36 0792 0°92, 08 0°83 | 0°73 | 0°69 | 0°64 cya Ot a 16 r6 | 44) 1°68 2°7 | 2°35 | 2°35 2°4 27 | 253+) 2°7 28 | 2°14 | 2°18 2°12 | T9g4 |} 175) 15 o'184 o'16 0°166 o'172| 0°154| O16 | O13 12°5 |13°4 131 12's | 126 | IEIE | BET | | 0°56 | 0°56 | 0°52 0°36 | 0°55 | 0°49) 0°45 | 41 | 38 4°2 ao 1353 |, 304) 33 OpEGs| FOIT5 <1 o'l4 o'156| o'14 | O14 | O'F16) Ny “I ols TABLE B, J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. [Vor I; Measurements of shecumens from the Lake Victoria Nvanza. No. I Length from tip of rostrum to tip of telson in milli- metres va oe ay, Toothing-formula of the rostrum .. - : pee Pa : Rostrum longer > , or shorter < than the scaphocerites = Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than the carapace .. > Proportion between the length of the toothed and that of the unarmed De of the aes margin .. i Length of carpus ) go 0°88 Breadth of carpus za | 2 1 O40R Proportion between length and breadth of carpus c(i | 22>) Length of chela ae = Lk 5G Van Breadth of chela (itera Og Length of fingers | w |. 068 Proportion between length ot fingers and that of palm mM | 162 Proportion between length and breadth of chela J eee Length of carpus - vee) geal oom Breadth of carpus at distal extremity : + | 2) | 0°306 Proportion between length and breadth of carpus hea | 2 Length of chela 3 = - | Chal Poe Breadth of chela .. bo] 0-446) Length of fingers Pa! 50-77 Proportion between the jength of fingers and that of z palm oe Maat ee tarp’ Proportion between length and breadth of chela 238] 273 Length of propodite Ss yy 2°16 Breadth of propodite in the middle - | S| O15 Proportion between length and breadth of propodite va | TAP Length of dactylus ‘ "O|, 0°57 Proportion between length of propodite a and that of Le dactylus a ge Sy le BO Breadth of dactylus a2 Sed, i 1 O23 Proportion between length and breadth of dactylus Po) es eee Number of spines of dactylus terminal claw included J ‘6 | Io Length of propodite -\ g| 2°42 Breadth of propodite in the middle - | ap | OrEy Proportion between length and breadth of propodite | 4 Length of dactylus : oo} 08 Proportion between length of propodite a and that of ee dactylus 7 A} 3 Breadth of dactylus ile oy | o16 Proportion between length and breadth of dactylus . tif a 5 Number of spines of dactylus, terminal claw included J © | 50 No. 2 1908. | Records ‘TABLE: Measurements of Cari- dina nilotica (Rowx), var. natalensis nov. of the Indian Museum. TABLE D. 279 Measurements of Car. nilotica (Roux), var. paucipara, Max Weber. Noy rE |No.2 |-Nov3 No. r | No. 2 | No. 3 | No. 4| No. 5 | REMARKS. 392 | -36°5. |) 34 34-1) 33°50 325 | 32. | 29 BS Weg 2o2+1/18l+1| 17241 138+1| 13+0 |. 162+0| 198+?) 1641 ee 14 10 18 18 14 12 16 20 g a = > > > = = = > eas Leer | Ui > > 2 > > < > £2 aoe 1 Ge To ag ag al Oa a nf O95 4125 we 1°43 A oO = E I'4 EeZ62i 222 172 E34 1220. |- 1828: 1°06 a ee 0°72: |) 0162) |-0°56 0°68 | 0684) 0°64 | 0:71 | 0°47 Sp Pee 2 2 2°2 ii76\) ¥ 96: 2 E8e| 23 Baas Tf) eOAa be res Soci ly el 50n) Os | E22 nee o'81 | 074 | 0°73 0:84 | 0:93 | 0°78 | 0°87 | 06 GAs 097 | ror | 085 0-89 | 0°92 | 0°86 | 0°87 | 0°76 ‘EE OA ieee eaeche E35) | eee | 23 | rire | 165 2 = DT? io) Al Ber 184 | 183 | 2 ro | 21 | “eA 23 - Ne ge8. = |e ZeoOA ih Brass 222) O34 | 1G get 05 | 0°47 | 0°45 051 | 0°49 | 047 | 048 | 037) £8 5B Ore a5 4°06 4 037| 5 Ah a 5 571 o aad Te 75 lee e707 he 1 OF 18 axe) 7 1°75 | 1°44 ee 067 | 068 | 0°64 OFA | sO 7OtleO7E O72. | 0°54 Gu g E T°00'-) 1°52 | 1-04 EIQ.) 21°25) 1°07 | r'05 | 0°98 Apes whys : ; ; 3 ; ‘ ‘m Ym Oo O75 sal 7S OS et sis WO o)l ik hi) 22m Bas 8 2°02 22:6 23|. 255 2°43| 25 | 24 | 2°43] 266) goon ZT | 2°96 | 2°85 2°05 | 3 3°08 | 2°85 | 2°35 | “d's YS 0°226| 0°208] o'19 0°22 |. 0'23.|:.0°22" |, 0'224| -0°224 5 Bons 13°7, | tara. 05 EA 13 14 1272) 10'S eh v v = ee 0°68 | 0°67 | 0°63 W057) O06: |.0:72 |, 6266: |) -0'6 ish Bee | BOA S 40 | 44 5 AeA MAS LIA. Ase head Oi Pl aS concn s o'188) o18 | 0°18 0186) 0:2 | 0°188) o'194| 0178] ss aa Es 37 Wi37-"| 3°5 S05). 3-235? |.3 4. 337 | oF See omasle) 7 9 8 8 8 9 es actt os 37 1173 0.346 Be 7037 | SOC 38a a Sogene 0°216) 0°22 | 0°95 0'244| 0°24 | O'2I | 0°238) O-1Q6| aS oa aaa 17. toss (es iS [15:7 |\18 Isr. |1608-.| 5-58-98 0°82 | 0°88 | 0°82 TOF |) Oe FPOs ehS iO OSs | eiau eae Gare | Eres g Ae Weal | Wd 22 3:4. | 3°35 | 31 | 3:2.) 336] wvons o'2 | o'r98| 0186 0'232| 0°22 | o'Ig | 0°22 | 07184 ~ z <3 47 | 44 | 44 AO 4G a, 12 1.520 532) +. ag 50 530 ~— 46 62 - yo =-172° “\he 68 Soe 276 TABLE Measurements of Caridina nilotica (Roux) Z a ee rere en em No. I} No. 2| No. 3| No. 4| No. 5 Length from tip of rostrum to tip of telson in | millimetres A, ie . ms [Oy 1.18'5 18 LO izes Toothing-formula of the rostrum s _ : es : a : ad ‘Ss : Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than the sca- slightly) slightly] slightly slightly phocerites ie Bs a es = > > > > Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than the ‘slightly’ slightly| slightly carapace anaes < ce > Zi Proportion between the length of the toothed | and of the unarmed part of the: ae margin 1°65 | 1°32.) “12471-2035 cA Length of carpus .. Gs oe) 0°84 | ‘0°82 O75 al OZ. Breadth of carpus o 0°48 | 0°54 05 0°4 Proportion between length and breadth of af | | carpus a 18 Acta ee Gas | I°5 1°75 Length of chela | LEZ | -r°2 E087 ar Breadth of chela .. r = 0°56 | 0°67 0°59 | O'5 Length of fingers .. - 0°66 | 0°64 | 0°64 | 0°68 Proportion between length of fingers and that | 2 of palm is tee 15 1°16 246") oer Proportion between length and breadth of chela ) 2 18 r O35 72 Length of carpus .. Pa ie LAs) 3242 E32 Breadth of carpus at distal extremity : oP 0°335| 0°38 0'288 Proportion between length and breadth of carpus He 4°36 | 3°97 | | 4°6 Length of chela : ~ i : PIO. i 1°08 Breadth of chela .. an a Move 05 | 058 0424 Length of fingers .. a 0-78 | 078 0°78 Proportion between the length of fingers and = | that of palm oh I'95 | 195 | 2°6 Proportion between length | brenden of ARN Js 2°36 | 2 | 2:55 Length of propodite ws -) | 1°88 | 1°8 1°82 1°65 Breadth of propodite in the middle Me | O°146) o'15 | O'124 07122 Proportion between length and breadth of pro- go | podite i ; ae ie) | 12 14°7 135 Length of dactylus eo) O51 | 0°52 | O'5 0°47 Proportion between length of propodite and | 4 | that of dactylus os : oe ast 3°77 | 36 | 3°64 35 Breadth of dactylus ies O12 | O'I24|,-O:LI o'r Proportion between length ‘and breadth of dac- a | | tylus 6 4°25 | 4°2 4°5 AT Number of spines ‘of dactylus, terminal claw | included : a as J | 8 205 4 EG 8 Length of propodite - sy 2°08 © | 1°88 | 1°84 Breadth of propodite in the middle = | O°%2 | OF Oe Proportion between length and breadth of | ¥, | | propodite Sy | |T6°3= | 16-7, Length of dactvlus : a 06 © | AOD? Olas Proportion between length of propodite and ae | | | that of dactylus a : S: 3°46 | 34 3°54 Breadth of dactylus a, fie er ieee O12) OL | Onis Proportion between length and breadth of | 4% | dactylus “s 5 5 4°7 Number of spines ‘of dactylus, terminal claw | | included ee ng a ot 37 | 35 ie) TABLE G. 277, E. Measurements of Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. var. longirostris, H. M. Edw. brachydactyla nov. No. 6 |No. 7 | No. 8|No.g |No. 10 No.1} No 2 | No. 3 | No. 4 | REMARKS. 7) 16'5 10°5 | 14 31°5 31 33 | 29 No. 2 and No. ie of TOtT | re4-1 lrostrum| 1641 |.162+1 Tos+1| 241-2 26842 22+1 | ‘Table E are ova- 16 16 |broken | 76 iA 13 16° |)9i5 1 915.°| bearing females. slightly of | slightly | slightly The four specimens = > re > < = ile lee= sl “ot Lable:G are all slightly | | slightly, slightly slightly) ova-bearing; No. = > eae > =< > | < | > | fg and No. 2 are | | | | | from Mbawa, T25°| 2°18 oO" | ray I'°9 33 | 44 | 2 | Flores; No. 3 and 0°78 | 0°75 | 08 — 0°59 £°32 I'I5 | 1°56 | 13 4 from Palopo, 0°48 | 0°48 | 0-42 | 0°39 0°64 0°48 | 0°63. 9°54 | Celebes, all co- | | | | types of Max 1627/1750 | x°9 leaps 21 24 | 25 | 24 | Weber’s collec- or ie | yro2 O'QI 1'7 1°56 | xr'94 | 1°6 tion of 1892. o6 | 058] 05 | | 05 077 o6r 0°88 | O71 0°67 | 0°64 | 0°65 0°54 I'I4 pn Oa Ae keV i aE 1°56 | 1°39 | 1°75 | E35 2 2°5 2°23 | 2°2 1°83 | IQ | 2°04 1°82 a2 | 2°56) a2 | 2°25 TL Ae er eS lesa eT 2°18 | iO5) | 2:76 | 23 bs 0°33 | 0°295} 0°34 | 0296 0748 | 04 | 07464) 0°42 4°7 3°4 45 | » 4°87 a TOOr|, 101 1:06 | 0°92 E°74 |. > 175 | 2°03 | 74 0°5 0°45 | O°5 0°48 0°72 06 0°76 | 0°64 7, 0°74 | O'7I | 0°59 I'25 12 T45,) E18 I'I5| 2°05 | 2 1°78 O85 |e 222 | 25." | 22 BiG 24a) 20 ||. T9 A ae a yy ad a a (4th pair). | | 58 | 178 | 1-7 1-62 7°36 6 nee 9 ees oe ee, O13 | O'122| o-rr8| o:122|- or O°224) 9 Oe” Ore 32) (O17 [2k |14°6 |rA4- | 133° | 12°3 13°8 162 |r4-7. 182 0°44 | 05 | 0°46 | 0°44 | 04 05 | 052 | 0°58 | 0°52 36 | 35 | 37 | 37 | 34 DZ Oe Oe Nie Shea, O'II | o'108 0096) OF | 0094 =0'I86— 068 0-198) 0°T46 4 | 47 | 48 | 44 |42 7 Geel Be 5 Beto. We) lg hg Zs heise 6118 iO “| F644 | 1°75 | 1°44 Asie! si | 45 | O°rr8} o°I02 0°06 0-098 0°24 0°22 | EOE) | LG 163 | 14-7 Lge }20).8 7 | | 0°54 | 0°56 O'5I | 0°44 0°68 } 0°83 | | 3°5 | 3:28 | | 34 | 327 6 | oar | O°II5| 0-102) O'II 0°004 O27 | | 0°22 | Al 5 4°60 4°68 a4 | | aS | | 36 39 135 30 34 }50 | | 278 TABLE Measurements of Caridina nilotica (Roux), No. 1} No. 2| No. 3 | No. 4 No. 5 Length in millimetres from ae of rostrum to | tip of telson .. ae at 28 25: 23 23 eS Toothing-formula of ce rostrum .. ee 8 = 7 z os 7 2 a 7 Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than the sca- slightly) slightly slightly s PUOCErtes,= = ss > > > rae Rostrum longer > , or shorter < than the cara- slightly slightly pace < = > = Pe, Proportion between the length of the toothed and that of the unarmed | cues of the ue margin 2 4°4 3126 | --3 eahige2 Length of carpus os G 7) | 1:06 | 1702 | -0°9. “| 26°85 0°8 Breadth of carpus . | 048 | 0°58 | 0°46 | 0°43 0°36 Proportion between length and breadth of 80 eG carpus ; a as 22 EB - 2 2 22 Length of chela Ko) i TSA ett Tone I'00 Breadth of chela 1 be 0°56 | 07 0°56 | 0°56 05 Length of fingers | & | 078 | 08 0°67 | 0°63 0°63 Proportion between length of fingers and | a7 | : ate that of palm .. S I's rs 1°56: (1-34 Tc5 3 Proportion between length and bread i chela a = a te) 237) Fo, 2 2 OX Length of carpus a O58 I'5 1°48 1°46 Breadth of carpus at distal extremity [Por : Proportion between oa and breadth of 8p | carpus , en ee ie < 7 Ae aaa 5°6 Length of chela s 1°35.| 1°34.|. 1:28 | 115 Ter Breadth of chela L-= | 0°46. | 0°56.| 0'47.| 044 0°38 Length of fingers mo 0 84 | 0°88 | 0°86 | 0°75 O72 Proportion between length of fingers and BSI that of palm S 1°65 | 19 2 107, I'9 Proportion between length and breadth of | 8 | | chela wed | 3 24 27 2°6 Vf 250 Length of propodite ae sy | 2°46 | 2°2 I'96 Breadth of propodite in the middle o18 | o'166 0146 Proportion between ae cand breadth of | gh | | propodite : pees! 7 eur ae? ened: Length of dactylus : 4s 06 | 0°55 | 0°5 Proportion between length of propodite and lee | that of dactylus : os re Al 4 4 Breadth of dactylus ee OA) O18) 00 re Proportion between length and breadth of 4 dactylus 5 7, Sa 4° Number of spines of dactylus, terminal claw included = . ig a |ZO - 9 9 Length of propodite es =. | 2°95 2°2 -|. 2°28 Breadth of propodite in the middle ig | O° 175 | O'126| O°142 Proportion between length and breadth of | ¥ | propodite at oil Ly 17 16 Length of dactylus : as 0°88 | OF. Proportion between length of propodite and 4 that of dactylus ; mae S 3°35] 33 Breadth of dactylus | = 0°16 O13 Proportion between length and breadth of in | dactylus | 5°38 5°4 Number of spines of dactylus, terminal claw included re ; ae ie 54 45 A Feel! eee ee el FE, var, bengalensis nov., from Port Canning. » 6 | No. 7.|-No.-8 No. 9 No. 10 INO; Tr No. 12 No. 13 |No. 14 No. 15 20m 20 le kaise| 107 17 16 | 16-| 14:75) 14°53 | 123 | 10 2324+2 | 24341 | 21384+2) 2141 | 2624142 253+2/242+1/] 21+1 | 224+2/ 17+2 II 13 II II * 14 14 T5 13 12 II slightly) slightly, slightly! > = = < > $ > Se = slightly slightly) slightly slightly) slightly, > < < << > = > eel | 2°6 Seale 27, 2 | 38, -:| 2°85. BY No AS 2°55 0°78 | 0°82 | 0:79.| 0:76 | 0°55 | 0°68 | 0°56 | 0°53 .0°5 | 0°56] 0°32 0°42 | 0°46-|-0°44-|- 0°39 0'24-| O'4E-| 0°26" |.0°22"| “o'22 | 0735. |" O10 r'9 18 1°8 =95 2°3 1665|--2°1 2'4 2°3 I'6 2 TOO! |e L102 |F0°05 0°77 | 098:150:75 |- 0-72 |- 0°65 |- 0:8 0°46 0°52 | 0°55 | 0°54 | 0°472 0:32. | 05 O73 | 207-03 O'4I | 0°204 0°64 )-0°6 | 062 | 0°59 0°49 | 0°62 | 0°46 | 0°455| 0°4 | 0°48 | 0°274) . | | | oO T5235. 2 he W551, 16 175, |) Ie72eh 0 175 1-1'6 15 I'47 ES | . | ia 2 2 WO, eo Ware 24 | 200 | 2:5--) 25) |-22" I rossl 2:25 63 123 |= 1540 |- 1333 | 4293 TO2. (0257). 7 | 0°88 | 0°98 | 0°55 lie Oe (:0:3.41. 46737 | 0126 017 | 0:268) 018 | 0166) 0°22 | O13 ~@ ¥ | in g #3 Oo. | 43h | 5 6 AG) 255 [pales a ge G9 ToL I'2 I°05 | 1°03 0°85 | I 0°82 | O77 0°86 | O51 ae 0°48 | 0°45 | 0°45 | 0°37 0°28 | 0°42 | 0'266) 0°24 | 0°33 | O17 Kaen 0°72 | 081 | 0°69 0°55 | 0°67 | 0°52 | | 0-46. 0°57 | 0°34 ae. | | | ste EO: 42h EO tei) 22 1°75 henG-* | 1°90") 2 as | | | ise) 23. | 27 -|..2:33' | 2:8 3 Oss |s-3cT | |g 26 "3 one 1°76. | -1°84 | -1:7 ey P55 E32.) T° TOL) <124.| 0-76" a ee 0°128} 0°146| .0°13 o'106} 0-108 | 0°08 | 0 :094| O'09 | 0'062)% -> 2] | =H 137 |12°6 | 13 13-2. 143 | Ths t bared. "| tA 12 ba } ites O24) We O.9 04 0°45 | | 0°36 | 0°33 | 036 | 0°:226 aie | | | Ets 3:74-|-39 1-374 =| | 51> 3°44:-| 3°33 | 3°90. | 34 -| 3°36r6e5 0108) 0°24) o-r2 —0°088 0-006. | 0-076) 0°08 | 0°08 A | | | | | | | O15 PAS S840 | ee oe ele L47 | 42 |. 45 ig 10 [SWND) |s oad 8 8 | cas as a OS) 6 oS " 2°06 | 1:86 | 3-72 r8 | 168 166 fs 224. «|: 346 ae | | 6.0 0°146| 0°122| 0°125) 0°095|_ 0°114!- 0:094 | 0708 | oz en PA aS 2 lta 1 ie@TO. a5 1177 | eee ee | 0°68 | 0°62- 06 - 0°54 | 0°56 | 0°53 | 0°48 2 O77, | ie 3 | om 3 0°136) o*12-|. o-r2 OF005)20:Ta | OL. || 0'086) 0°09 | | 5 5211 5 576 5 One ses. | | 5°4 Nos. 7—-9, The rostrum of No. 5 was injured. No. 11 and No. 15, Port Canning, December 8th, 1906. No. I6/REMARKS. Nos. I—9 and No. II are ova-bearing females. 280 J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. TABLE H. [ Vor. If, Measurements of Caridina nilotica (Roux), var. gracilipes, de M. Length in millimetres from tip of rostrum to tip of telson Toothing-formula of the rostrum Rostrum longer >, or shorter < than the scaphocerites.. Rostrum longer >, or shorter than the carapace Proportion between the length of the toothed and that of the unarmed part of the upper margin Length of carpus - ne Breadth of carpus Proportion between length and breadth of carpus Length of chela oe 26 35 Breadth of cheia Length of fingers Proportion between length of fingers and that of palm Proportion between length and breadth of chela Length of carpus : = Breadth of carpus at distal extremity Proportion between length and breadth of carpus Length of chela Breadth of chela Length of fingers Proportion between the length of fingers and that of palm Proportion between length and breadth of chela Length of propodite Breadth of propodite in the middle Proportion between length and breadth of propodite Length of dactylus Proportion between length ot propodi te and that of dactylus ; : Breadth of dactylus Proportion between length and breadth of dactylus Number of spines of dactylus, terminal claw included Length of propodite Breadth of propodite in the middle .. Proportion between length and breadth of propodite Length of dactylus Proportion between eal of ' propodite and that of dac- tylus... ; : Breadth of dactylus. Proportion between length and breadth of dactylus Number of spines of dactylus, terminal claw included ~-—-- of 3rd pair of legs. of 2nd pair of legs. of 1st pair of legs. a er abt esiGOL a aeNe Gnene of 5th pair of legs. ° ° ° ° en No. 2 | No. 3 27 202+ 1) 132+1 17 EE slightly > = = > I'6 0°75 ye 1°06 0°55 | 0°48 2 22 1-42 | 1°26 07 0°6 0°87 | o8 16 17a 2 oar 2 TAG TSO 0°39 | 9°35 a 5°4 I'5 14 0°59 | 0°52 0796 | 0°94 1:6 2 2°54) 2°77 | (4th pair). 2°64 | 2°4 o'18 | o'r5 14°7 “| 06 o'61 | 0°55 432 | 4°4 o°128| 10713 48 4°2 10 Io 31 2°7 o'164|} o°r6 19 17 0°82 | 072 3S 375 0°156| 0°14 | o°146 6 5 57 | 46 ee 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. TABLE [ 281 Measurements of Caridina nilotica (touwx), vary. minahassa, de M. No. 1 |No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 |No. 6 | No. 7 No. 8| No. g |No. 10 REMARKS. Nos. 1—3 of Table H co-types of the var. graci- lipes, de M., | trom the river at Maros, Celebes ; No. x and No. bot. 06s\) 664 406 2 ova-bearing. 9748.) 048 04 || 035 | Nos 10. of tS Ta te ae, Table I co-types E‘02'| 1°06) O°92 |- 0°09 of COURS aan Ope ood ase 0°48 minahassa from 0°64 06 258 ee the Minahassa a7 t3 a oe (Celebes) (Ku- 18 = he ae kenthal’s Col- Bit2), SL reser lection). 0°32| 0°266] 0°25 35 | 42 4°4 1°04} 0°92 | 0°94 05 | 0°42 | 0°43 06 | 06 0°58 uy. Ty Ne 1'6 ya a ie 22 152 | 16] 13 I°4 O7L1| *O°r 0°092 15 |1%3 15 0°38 | 0°44} 0°33 | 0°35 4 36 | 4 4 0°08 | 0°09) 0:08 | 0°08 4°7 49 | 41 4°4 1°76 1°56 o°106 0°092 17 £7 0°51 0°47 3°4 3°3 Ol 0 092 51 5) [VoL IT; J. G. DE Man: Caridina nilotica. 282 ie one Wee ee ie ie oe Eile. Geer Se go seu Due med jo W}8u9] Pee non sd zl.o | £0 fo) 9.0 .O fe) " = slasuy jo yy3ue’T v A : L.v Ze | $6.2 bere 5 = Bi Bee ie ecene pue qy3ue] Usemjog uorodo1g LE. |. gz 0 Be: .O eo fo) v.o | zb.o 3 J se ei - Bayo jo uapeod QzZ.L | QzT oT 90:0 °QT-E | Orr |} a4 ** ; ee Fa : eJayo JO W4sua’T €.9 EL LL vb ZG} G.S 2 sh "+ sndivo jo yypeoiq pue see Ta@aMyoq uonrodoig ¥Z.0 | ZZ.0. |g0z.0 £Z.0 i} £20) £Z.0° | mec] *° a i ASTD [eysIp ye sndieo jo yA peoig ZG.1 one Q.I ; T He 2 I | e P a aig “+ sndieo jo wie go.I 59 eae a ae 94.0 0 .O a ie : oe ae SNJo JO Y3us’T ae os : es : z an z 2 z o ( coud jo uh pue Hed Jo ee ee V.Z Q.z £2 Z bz |irz | ale: 5 2 BISHD JO tapecrq pie q8u9] UsaMyoq worj10do1g vro | ¥.0 |hSt.o gb.o | ob.o | zS.o an ies as = ejay jo yypeoig VO.r | SO.1-,| ¥O.1 90.1 ap ql | ey oe a us ay ov Bayo jo 4}8U’T b.z 9.2°| VS.z Q.z C.z Q.Z i ** sndivo jo yypeaiq pue 43809] Uaemzoq UOIOdo1g vE.0 | z£.0 |9z£.o gof.0 |gh£.0: |CEf.0 | | °° ee os <2 “+ sndzeo jo yypearg oe rg. 0 e8 0 8.0 98-0 gg.0 | 9 [ es a eo ms sndieo jo ee 10; 1.96.0 fo) 9.0 9.0 || 99.0 rs a . Z s Sno jo 44S8ua G21) 9.05 ¢.0z uosye} JO dr} 07 wand4s01 jo diy wos; sarjewT[IM ur qysus’T £ 9 ¢ 4 € Z E ‘S10@] “ADD pue vnbuidosd vurpiav) JO SdIPUWIT[IW UL s}USWSInseoTY Records of the Indian Museum. 283 1908. | ‘tuum = $.61 ‘suoutqoeds SHOIISTAO FyNpe ‘PTH ‘savy “ADD B—S “SON C.9 z.0 1.1 ‘(pornseom are ied piry} jo ssoq 4909 VON Ul) Buoy um $.€1 F “oN { BuO, €°oN ‘YO woyorq WnIyZso1 ‘y4Ssuet omes oY} ynoqe z ‘oN !{ SuOT ‘wut S.0z 1 ‘ON ‘Aou ‘ds ‘ynburdoad DUIpIADT) V—I “SON gan PepHpoUl MeO TVUIUIID} ‘sn[Ajoep Jo sourds jo roquinyy ‘sso] JO aed YS jo “~ SHieeep jo, yeqy pue oyrpodord jo Wyss] Usamzoq uor10do1g earSeep Me “ypeort pue Y4sus] UseMzoq uoTI0do1g te ** snjAqoep jo tpeete snjAjoep Jo 4y8ue’T sypodoxd j 20 pes pue q4s8u9] UeaMyoq uoTyodo1g : ** oaqrpodord jo qypeoig he a a ** optpodord jo yy8us’yT AY ppedorau: 2 Yypeoig pue Ysa] UseMyoq uoryIodo1g ran ie sso] Jo ited pi€ jo ere *-oqyrpodosoam jo yypeoig appodossw jo 489] ee se i an “ "* snpAjoep jo sourds jo roquiny egy fo yey} pue oprpodoid jo yySus] UseMyoq uoTy10do1g pe yo Hypeetq pue YyS8us] UsoMyoq wory10do1g . "* snpAjoep jo yypeoig ° wis C oe aye snpAqjoep jo q8ua’] : opodoxd Jo ca peesd pue yy8u9] Usemyoq woryIodorg 5 ** a }tpodoid jo yypearg : Pa oi cas ** aqgtpodoid jo y48ue’y : SHA a ICs som pesiq pur Y}sus] UdaMyoq uoryiodo1g *-oyrpodoiow Jo yypeoig ** oppodosou fo q43u0’] . a + - FIG: bye. 2. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX, The dactyli are enlarged 50 times, the eges 33 times. 1.—Caridina nilotica (Roux), typical form from Cairo, dactylus of third pair of the egg-bearing female (No. 1 of Table A); ta dactylus of fifth pair of the specimen No. 7; 16 egg, 0°86 mm. long, of the female No. 5. 2.—Car. nilotica (Roux), variety from Lake Victoria Nyanza, dactylus of third pair of the female 27 mm. long, 2a dactylus of fifth pair and 2b egg, 0°67 mm. long, of the same female. 3.—Car. nilotica (Roux), var. natalensis nov., dactylus of third pair of the female No. 1 of Table C; 3a dactylus of fifth pair of the same female; 3b egg, o'42 mm. long, of the female No. 2: 4..- Car. nilotica (Roux), var. paucipara, M. Weber, dactylus of third pair ; 4a dactylus of fifth pair and 4) egg, I°04 mm. long, of the female No. 3 of Table D. 5.—Car. nilotica (Roux), var. dongirostris, H. M. Edw., dac- tylus of third pair and 5a of fifth pair of the female No. 7 of Table E; 5) egg, 0°39 mm. long, of the female NO 42) 6.—Car. milotica (Roux), var. bengalensis nov., dactylus of third pair of the female No. 6 of Table F; 6a dactylus of fifth pair and 6) egg, 0:47 mm. long, of the female Now Te 7.—Car. nilotica (Roux), var. gracilipes, de Man, dactylus of third pair, 7a of fifth pair and 7) egg, 0°38 mm. long, of the female No. 2 of Table H. 8.—Car. nilotica (Roux), var. brachydactyla, nov., dactylus of third pair, 8) of fifth pair and 8c egg, 0°44 mm. long, of the female No. 1 of Table G; 8a dactylus of third pair of the female No. 4. 9.—Car. nilotica (Roux), var. minahassa, de Man, dactylus of third pair and 9a of fifth pair of a specimen, 16 mm. long, co-type from Kiikenthal’s Collection; 9) egg, 0°55 mm. long. Mus. Vol. If. 1908, Rec: Ind. Edin* MéFarlane & Erskine. Lith: J. G. de'Man, del. CARIDINA NILOTICA (Roux), AND ITS VARIETIES. ’ - cy oh Ae 4 sy MOSPX DE Se RIPLION OF AUNEW SPECIES: OF CHARAXES FROMTHE BHUTAN FRONTIER. By G. W. V. DERHE-PHILIPE. Charaxes vaidhaka, sp. nov. Closely alliedto C. fabius, Fabricius. Termen of fore wing more oblique, and both termen and dorsum shorter than in C. fabius, giving the wing a narrower and more pointed appearance. Upper side.—Fore wing, ground colour a deep velvety black, darker generally than in the allied form; basal area greyish black. Immaculate except for a subterminal series of cream-coloured spots decreasing in size towards the apex; these spots larger and more marked than in C. fabius, those at the posterior angle being twice as large as in most examples of the latter. Hind wing, discal band as in C. fabius, but generally paler and narrower; subterminal series of light yellow spots complete, terminal markings greenish blue, not yellow. Under side.—Ground colour a purplish grey, appreciably differ- ent from the usual ground colour of C. fabius. Markings arranged as in the latter, but the discal white bar on the fore wing obsolete and the sinuous black lines less defined. Ochreous red discal and purple submarginal lunular markings on hind wing large and distinct. In regard to the outline of the fore wings, careful measure- ments of several males of C. fabius from different parts of India show the relative lengths of the costa, termen and dorsum to be in the proportions of 100: 75: 64 or 65; while similar measurements of the new form are in the proportions of 100: 70: 60. The dit- ference in outline, though slight, is distinct. The species is not represented either in the de Nicéville collec- tion or in the Indian Museum collections; nor is it described in Rothschild’s ‘‘Monograph on the Charaxes and allied genera”’ (Novitates Zoologice, vols. v, vi and vii). It would appear to ap- proach some of the Malayan forms of the genus; except for the almost unmarked fore wing, the upper side is not unlike that of C. echo, Butler, as illustrated and described in the above work. Expanse 3°16 inches. Described from a single male taken near Jainti on the Raidhak River (Bhutan frontier), 2,000 feet, in June, and now in my collection. ROX RTE RSE Ro POR FO Neve EB COLLECTION ORC Vip ler 47 eAN: Dr) CO RE TE RIDA IN DEE INDIAN: MUSHUM. CALCUTTA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF UNEW GENERA: AND SPECIES: By Frep. V. THEOBALD, M.A., etc. Amongst the first consignment of the large collection of mos- quitoes sent me to examine by the Indian Museum, Calcutta, oalv thirty-seven species were found. Amongst these are three new species of Stegomyia; a new variety of Neomacleaya indica, Theo- bald; a new Leicesterta; a new Culex; a new Chrysoconops and two new genera I have cailed Brevirhynchus and Radtoculex, each ot which contains but a single species. Both of these genera are very marked. An examination of a long series of a Culex with banded pro- boscis has not been critically made, but I am inclined to believe that they ali belong to one species, owing to the various grada- tions seen in it, and that in consequence several of the species coming under the Culex microannulatus group, such as C. vishnut, etc., will have to be sunk under one of the old names such as C. sitiens. ‘The same applies to the genus Desvordea, as the series shows such great variation in colour. The numbers in brackets refer to the number of specimens in the collection. SPECIES IN THE COLLECTION. Family CULICIDA:. } I. Anopheles aitkeni: , Theobald-James. A single @ and badly damaged ~. Meenglas, Dooars, Jalpai- guri [C. Wallich], 9-vili-o7. ‘These are the only other specimens of this Anopheles I have seen since those sent me by Capt. James, I.M.S. (vide Mon. Culicid., vol. iii, p. 22, 1903). 2. Myzomyra vossi, Giles. Five specimens taken at light at Calcutta in November ; eighteen taken in December at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, and one taken in January at Sylhet, Assam. 1 The majority of the Anopheline in the collection were not sent to Mr. Theobald.—ED., Rec. Ind. Mus. 288 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicida and Corethnide. [VOL. II, 3. Nyssorhynchus fuliginosus, Giles. Calcutta, two taken in November and one at light in December. 4. Myzorhynchus barbirosiris, Van der Wulp. Calcutta, one female in December. 5. Myzorhynchus vanus, Walker. Calcutta, one in October, twenty-one in November and ten in December; Port Canning, Lower Bengal. 6. Toxorhynchites immisericors, Walker. Aijal (3,600 ft.), Lushai Hills, Assam, @ , 24-iv-04. 7. Mucidus scataphagordes, Theobald. Bauria, Bengal [D. A. Tyrve], 17-vili-o7 (one ?); Damukdia Ghat, E. Bengal, 22-vili-07 (one @ ). *8. Stegomyta tripunctata, sp. nov. Head black with three silvery white spots, one median in front and one on each side, proboscis and palpi black. Thorax black with dull bronzy scales; prothoracic lobes white scaled. Abdomen black with basal lateral white spots which meet on the dorsum on the 5th and 6th segments to form basal bands. Legs black, unbanded. 5 @. Head black, clothed with flat black scales except for a snowy white area in front between the eyes, and a patch on each side of somewhat less shiny hue, chete black, two projecting forwards between the eyes, two curving downwards over the basal segments of the antenne ; eyes coppery and golden; clypeus brown, shiny; proboscis thin and black; palpi short, black scaled and with black chetee ; antenne dark brown, verticillate areas pale, base of second segment testaceous, basal segment black, shiny, with some small curved black chete. Thorax shiny black, with rather large narrow-curved bronzy scales and some paler areas here and there, prothoracic lobes covered with flat silvery white scales, scutellum testaceous with flat black scales, metanotum black, pleurz black with silvery white flat scales forming a long patch and two spots. Abdomen narrow, black scaled, with basal white lateral patches, which meet on the fifth and sixth segments to form basal white bands, border-bristles small and pale. Legs deep brown with bronzy reflections, venter of femora and coxee pale ; ungues small, equal and simple. Wings with dense brown scales, almost Tniorhynchus-like in form, first submarginal cell much longer, but scarcely narrower 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 289 than the second posterior cell, its base much nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior, its stem not quite a fourth of the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior about two-thirds the length of the cell, posterior cross-vein slightly more than its own length distant from the mid. Length, 3 mm. Habitat, Lushai Hills, Assam [F. C. Macleod]. Observations.—Described from two females. It comes very near Stegomyia ames, Ludlow, but can at once be told by having a large white spot in the middle of the front of the head. One specimen shows some pallid scales on the mid lobe of the scutellum and the white lateral spots do not form bands at ail. *9. Stegomyta albolateralis, sp. nov. Thorax blackish brown with a broad silvery white patch on each side in front. Abdomen black with basal white lateral spots and traces of basal bandings on the apical segments. Legs and proboscis deep blackish brown, unbanded. @. Head clothed with flat dark brown scales, a few grey ones around the eyes and creamy ones at the sides, clypeus black, nude, with a distinct short pointed process on each side, palpi amd pro- boscis deep brown to black, antennze deep brown. Thorax black with narrow-curved bronzy scales except at the sides in front where they are silvery white forming two rectangu- lar shoulder-patches, and a few of the same coloured scales pass around the front of the thorax next the head, and there are a few dull creamy ones scattered about before the scutellum and traces of a short pale-scaled line on each side; the scales behind are larger than those in front, cheete black in front, dull golden over the roots of the wings, scutellum black with flat black scales and golden brown border-bristles, metanotum shiny and black ; pro- thoracic lobes with flat shiny white scales, pleuree with spots of flat silvery white scales. Abdomen black with basal lateral silvery white spots which may spread upwards so as to form indistinct basal white bands on the iast one or two apical segments, venter with broad basal white bands. Legs blackish brown, unbanded, coxee and venter of fore and mid femora pale, the former with silvery white scales, hind femora pale creamy white for about two-thirds of their length, fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrate. Wings with fork-cells of moderate length, the first submarginal a little longer, but scarcely narrower than the second posterior cell, its base about level with that of the latter, its stem a little more than half the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior cell more than two-thirds the length of the cell, posterior cross- vein sloping towards the apex of the wing, about twice its own 290 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethride. [Vou. II, length distant from the mid. Lateral vein-scales long and thin, especially on the third vein. Habitat Sylhet, Assam | Major Hail], and Lungleh, Lushai Hills, Assam. Time of capture July at Lungleh, September at Sylhet. Observations.—-Described from five @ @. Itisa very marked Stegomyia, easily told by the thoracic adornment. One of the specimens shows some additional prominent adornment on the back of the thorax before the scutellum anda dull creamy patch of scales just behind the root of the wings. The specimen from Lungleh was taken in a bungalow. *1o. Stegomyia assamensis, sp. nov. Thorax deep brown, a white-scaled area in front less than one- fourth the area of the mesothorax, and a small scaled patch in front of the root of each wing. Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, with basal lateral white spots, the scales raggedly arranged below. Legs brown, a pale spot near apex of fore and mid tibiz, a basal pale band to mid meta- tarsi, hind femora pale, except for a brown band in the middle, base and apex of metatarsi white, base of first hind tarsal white. Proboscis deep brown. 2: Head black, clothed with flat black scales and some white ones in the middle, a narrow line around the eyes and at the sides, and short thick black chetz in front projecting forwards and inwards over the eyes, which are large and silvery ; palpi black scaled, traces of some paler scales apically ; proboscis black ; an- tennee dark brown, basal segment with grey tomentum. Thorax shiny black, clothed with bronzy brown narrow-curved scales, except for a small area in front which has pale creamy white scales and a small white-scaled area on each side in front of the roots of the wings passing up on to the mesonotum some short distance, and a small patch of pale scales in front of the bare space before the scutellum; cheetee black to dark brown; scutellum testaceous with flat dusky scales and rich brown border-bristles ; pleuree rich brown with silvery white puncta. Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, with basal lateral white spots and rather long dusky border-bristles; venter black with basal white bands, the scales long and out-standing, giving a ragged appearance. Legs brown and banded; fore and mid legs with the femora pale at the base and below, the tibiee with a creamy area before the apex which is black,—this is most marked in the fore pair ; the rest of fore legs unbanded, but in the mid the metatarsus has a pale basal band; femora of the hind legs pale creamy with a broad dark band on the apical half, base and apex of the metatar- sus with a pale band, also the base of the first tarsal, remainder dark ; fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrate, the hind equal and simple. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 291 Wings with brown scales, the lateral ones dense and rather flattened; fork-cells short, the first a little longer and narrower than the second, its base very slightly nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior; its stem not quite as long as the cell, stem of the posterior as long as the cell; supernumerary and mid cross-veins in a straight line, posterior cross-vein about two-and-a-half times its own length distant from the mid. Length 4°5 mm. Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall]. Time of capture April (13-1v-05). Observations.—Described from a single @. The adornment of the thorax and legs will at once separate it from others of this genus. It presents certain aberrations which, however, are not sufficient'ito separate it on one-sex characters alone from Stego- myia. These characters are the long raggedly arranged ventrai scales, the somewhat longer palpi and the somewhat broader wing- scales; these differences are, however, more of size than of structure. 11. Stegomyia scutellaris, Walker. Calcutta, July (3), August (33), September. (11),- October: (5), common during the hot weather and the rains, disappearing in winter, active by day [N. Annandale]; Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], April (17) ; Lushai Hills, Assam [E. C. Macleod}, May (2), June (11), July (26); Manipur [C. A. Gourlay], July (1); Katihar, Purneah District, N. Bengal [C. A. Patva], October. 12. Stegomyta fasciata, Fabricius. Calcutta, May (2), July (3), August (1), September (4), Octo- ber (4); Lucknow, November (1); Purneah, N. Bengal [C. A. Paiva], August (1); Lushai Hills, Assam [E. C. Macleod] (? dam- aged); Bhim Tal, Kumaon, 4,500 ft., September [N. Annandale]. 13. Huleceteomyta pseudoteniata, Giles. Lungleh (?), hatched 29-vii-o4 (two @ @ and three oo). Very large specimens 5 to 5°5 mm. *t4. Neomacleava indica, Theobald, var. sumplex, var. nov. Very similar to the type, but the abdomen has only the median lateral white spots, no trace of banding, and the first submarginal cell is longer than the second posterior cell. The other characters all very similar. Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall]. Time of capture June (a single ¢ ). *r5. Leicesteria aptcalis, sp. nov. Thorax rich brown with a creamy yellow line around the front and sides; pleuree rich brown with pale spots. Palpi and 292 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethnide. [Vouw. II, proboscis blackish, the former about half the length of the latter. Abdomen deep blackish brown with apical yellow semicircular dorsal patches and white lateral spots which swell out apically. Legs brown, with traces of narrow pale basal banding. 2. Head clothed with brownish flat scales and paler upright forked scales behind and with creamy spindle-shaped scales placed at right angles to the others around the eyes, palpi and proboscis blackish brown, the former very nearly half the length of the proboscis, this with dense scales at the base ; antennee brown, the basal segment large with bright ochraceous scales. Thorax shiny black with narrow-curved bronzy and dull ochreous scales with a well-defined area of creamy yellow scales around the front and sides; chetz pale golden brown, especially over the roots of the wings where they are somewhat darker ; scutel- lum testaceous with flat dusky brown and a few dull ochreous scales; metanotum nude, chestnut-brown witha grey sheen in places; pleure brown to yellowish brown with numerous patches of small flat ochreous scales. Abdomen dusky black, each segment with a median apical semicircular yellow patch, and with a lateral snowy white mark which expands apically; hairs and border-bristles golden: venter pale ochreous. Legs deep brown, banded, femora pale at the base and beneath ; traces of pale knee-spots; fore legs with small yellowish bands at the tibio-metatarsal joint, and at the junction of the first tarsal and metatarsal and apex of the first tarsal ; in the mid legs the bands are more confined to the base of the segments and occur on the second tarsal also, in the hind legs extending to the other two segments ; pale hairs on the tibie. Wings with rather short fork-cells ; the first a little longer and narrower than the second, its base a little nearer the apex of the wing, its stem about two-thirds the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell nearly as long as the cell ; posterior cross- vein about one-and-a-half times its own length from the mid; scales dense on the apical areas of the veins. Length 5 mm. o. Palpi long and thin, acuminate, no hair-tufts; longer than proboscis by about the last segment, brown with three pale yellow bands, the last two involving both sides of the segments ; antennze loosely plumose, plume-hairs brown, segments mostly pallid except where the verticillate hairs unite and on the long apical segments ; fore and mid ungues unequal, uniserrate. Length 5 mm. Habitat Lushai Hills, Assam [E. C. Macleod], 1,500 ft. Time of capture May. Observations.—Described from two ¢@ @ and one «7. Two hatched from larvee and one caught 1,500 ft. Closely allied to Leicesteria longipalpis, but easily distinguished by the apical abdominal yellow marks. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum, 293 16. Desvoidea obturbans, Walker, Sylhet [Major Hall] and Lushai Hills [Z. C. Macleod], Assam. Four specimens of typical form. 16a. Desvordea obturbans, Walker, var. fusca, ‘Theob. Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], March (2), April (5), May (3), June (2); Lushai Hills, Assam [E. C. Macleod], August (11) ; Calcutta, May (2), August (34), at light, September, October, November and December. 16b. Desvoidea obturbans, Walker, variegated-scutellum variety. Sylhet, Assam, January (2), May (12), June (3); Calcutta, May (I), August (4), September (1), October (1); Lushai Hills, Assam, July (2) ; Manipur, August (1), in bungalow. Notre.—All variations in colour between the true obturbans of Walker and the fusca of Theobald seen in these specimens, and hence the latter species is sunk as a variety. *Genus BREVIRHYNCHUS, gen. nov. Head clothed with flat scales, also the scutellum, the latter large. Thorax with narrow-curved scales at the edges of the mesono- tum; prothoracic lobes and pleuree with flat scales. Proboscis of @ short, thick, about one-third of the length of the whole insect, curved twice ; of the male thinner and slightly longer in proportion, palpi of the @ two-thirds the length of the proboscis, apparently of two segments, the apical one long; palpi of the o longer than the proboscis, acuminate, no hair-tufts, of four segments, the two last nearly equal. Wings with dense scales, some Tentorhynchus-like. Fore ungues of male unequal, the larger uniserrate; mid equal and uniserrate. A very distinct genus easily told by the short, thick sinuous proboscis of the ?, and the relatively long palpi as well as the Squamose structure of the thorax with its flat lateral scales. The mid ungues of the ~ being equal is also characteristic. *17, Brevirhynchus magnus, sp. nov. Thorax rich brown in the middle with white border all around the front and sides, pleurze densely white scaled; head black, white around the edge and in the middle, the short thick proboscis black ; the palpi black, nearly as long as the proboscis. Abdomen black with basal median yellow patches, snowy white triangular lateral spots. The base of the triangles towards the posterior borders of the segments, but a black line of scales between the fifth, sixth, and seventh spots vellow at the base, venter with broad yellow basal bands, narrow black apical ones. 204 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethnde. [Vou. II, Legs blackish with faint traces of banding. Male palpi long and thin, acuminate. @. Head clothed with rather large flat dusky black scales, creamy white ones at the sides, and some black ones below them - and then white again, a narrow band passing around the eyes and sotne pale ones in the middle ; some long golden brown chet pro- jecting forwards ; proboscis short, thick, swelling apically (but ac- tual apex acuminate), twice curved, jet black, hairy ; palpi long and thin, about two-thirds the length of the proboscis, the apical segment very long, black, some pale scales below at the apex and traces of others below at the base of the long segment; antennee brown, basal segment with some flat pale scales. Thorax shiny black clothed with long thin narrow-curved bronzy brown scales, becoming broader behind, and with large narrow-curved white scales in front and the sides, forming a white border around the brown central area; toward the roots of the wings the white area is composed of large white flat scales, and some occur elsewhere passing on to the densely flat white-scaled pleuree, which also bear a median patch of flat black scales ; pro- thoracic lobes covered with flat white scales; cheetee scanty, a patch of golden brown much curved ones, in front of the roots of the wings, rather short; scutellum with flat dusky scales and some paler ones, scales large; metanotum nude, deep brown except at the apex where it is reddish testaceous. Abdomen blackish, here and there the testaceous integument shines through the scales, first two segments plain, third to eighth with basal yellow scales, the third to fifth with median semi-circular patches, the others with yellow basal bands, very broad on the last two segments, laterally are large snowy white triangular patches, the bases of the triangles towards the apices of the segments, but cut off from them by narrow apical black-scaled lines, the corners of the triangles show on the dorsum as white spots, from the third to the seventh segments as almost apical spots; border-bristles dusky, on the last five segments the white lateral spots are yellow at the base. Legs thick, black, paler below, white knee-spots and traces of minute pale basal banding, cheetee on the femora and tibize golden ; fore and mid ungues simple, minutely uniserrate. Wing-scales dense, brown, a few pale ones near the base broad and almost Teniorhynchus-like in places, first submarginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearly level with that of the latter, its stem just a little longer than half the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior cell not quite two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein sloping to- wards the base of the wing, twice its own length distant from the mid; the third long vein carried on as a very distinct pseudo- vein to the base of the wing. Length 6 mm. v. Head, thorax and abdomen much like the ¢ , but the flat white scales at the sides of the thorax more numerous and the 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 295 scutellum has many pale scales, the lateral lobes having them very dense, black at the base, yellow at the apex. Antenne plumose, with flaxen brown plume-hairs, palest at their base, proboscis rather short, but not so thick as in the female; palpi thin, acu- minate, of four segments, the last two nearly equal, dark brown with a basal pale band to the segments ; on hair-tufts, one or two large cheetee. Legs as in the female, the narrow basal banding rather more distinct, fore ungues very unequal, the larger with a large tooth, the smaller thin and apparently simple, mid ungues equal and uniserrate, hind absent. Length 6 mm. Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall]. Time of capture May. Observations.—Described from a o and@?. A most marked and beautiful species easily told by the quaint proboscis and ab- dominal markings. ‘The hind ungues of the male absent. *Genus RADIOCULEX, gen. nov. Head clothed with small flat scales and a group of upright forked ones behind. Palpi of female thin, longer than in Culex, of the male long, longer than the proboscis, composed of two segments, the apical one short and clavate, with thorn-like chetz ; proboscis curved and swollen apically, shorter than the body; antenne of female pilose, of male densely plumose. Thorax and scutellum with narrow-curved scales, metanotum nude ; blunt curved cheete project over the head. Male genitalia with normal narrow claspers. Fork-cells small; the marginal cell of peculiar form in both sexes, swollen out in the middle, contracted near apex of wing and widening again at the apex; scales large, median vein-scales single, small and spatulate. A very distinct genus with shiny integument, especially on the thorax, and easily told by the curious marginal cell and male palpi. *18. Radtoculex clavipalpus, sp. nov. Head brown and grey, proboscis deep brown, curved, un- banded. Thorax deep shiny brown, yellow at the sides, pleure pallid. Abdomen deep violet brown, the segments paler at their bases, but not banded, pale lateral basal spots. Legs deep brown with narrow pale bands involving both sides of the joints,. last hind tarsal pale. Male antennee with flaxen plume-hairs, palpi a little longer than proboscis, the apical segment large and swollen but short. @. Head clothed with small flat scales all over of a pale ochreous grey, with brown and violet patches seen in certain lights, a large area of black upright forked scales in the middle behind, 296 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethride. [Vou. II, with a distinct median division; palpi rather long and thin, clothed with brown scales and some violet ones and a few white ones at the apex; the pale testaceous ground-colour shows through here and there; clypeus shiny, deep brown, traces of a lateral process on each side, antennee brown, testaceous at the base, hairs dark, proboscis deep brown, curved, not as long as the body. Thorax black and shiny in the middle, yellow at the sides, the junction of the two colours being abrupt, the median dark area has narrow-curved bronzy scales, the yellow areas have shiny narrow- curved golden scales, in front projecting over the head are tufts of black, blunt, thick, curved bristles of various lengths, over the roots of the wings and in front of them long golden chete darkening at their apices; there are also a few pale creamy scales forming a more or less pronounced spot in front of the bare space in front of the scutellum, and an obscure line of the same on each side of it; scutellum blackish with narrow-curved bronzy scales and deep. brown border-bristles; metanotum blackish brown, nude; pleure pale ochreous. Abdomen unbanded, clothed with small flat scales showing brown and violet colours, with pale golden border-bristles giving a general false appearance of basal pale bands when examined with a lens; laterally the abdomen shows testaceous hues, and there are pale-scaled lateral marks running right down the segments. Legs with pallid coxe, also base and venter of femora; rest dark brown; hind femora yellow at the apex, with five prominent chetee along one side and smaller ones on the apex, etc.; a narrow pale band at the junction of the metatarsal and first tarsal segments, also first and second tarsals on the fore and mid legs, other segments dark brown; on the hind legs the banding is more pronounced and extends to all the joints, the last segment being almost white below ; ungues all equal and simple. Wings with short fork-cells, about the same length, but the submarginal narrower than the second posterior cell, its base a little nearer the apex of the wing, its stem about one-and-a-third times its length, stem of the second posterior cell a little longer than the cell ; marginal cell swollen on the middle, narrowed apt- cally and again expanded at the wing-apex ; posterior cross-vein slightly longer than the mid, not quite its own length distant from it; outer costal border spinose; median vein-scales single, small and spatulate ; scales dense on subcostal and first long vein ; lateral vein-scales on the apical areas of the second, third and fourth veins broad and flat. Length 3°5 to 4 mm. @”. Head, thorax, abdomen and legs as in the female. An- tenne with dense flaxen plume-hairs, almost golden at their base, flagellum banded; apical segments long, deep brown; proboscis bright ochreous, purple-brown at the apex, which is hairy; palpi longer than the proboscis, straight, of two segments, the apical one short and swollen, ochreous with ochreous scales and some violet ones, especially above and at the apices of the two 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 207 segments, the last segment with dark stiff thorn-like chete, becoming small towards the apex. Ungues of the fore and mid legs unequal, the fore with a small tooth at the base of the smaller one, a large tooth in the middle of the larger claw and a small spine-like tooth at its base, mid claws with two teeth on the larger claw; none on the smaller; hind claws equal and simple. Wings with small fork-cells like the female; the submarginal only about half the width of the second posterior-cell, its stem about one-and-a-third times its length ; stem of the second poster- ior also about one-and-a-third times the length of the cell; the first long vein markedly bent in the middle and approaching the upper branch of the second, thus forming a very curious marginal cell; the posterior cross-vein is only half its own length distant from the mid. Length 3°5 to 4 mm. Halitat Calcutta; Berhampur, Murshidabad District, Bengal, 1-i-08 [R. EF. Lloyd}. Time of capture November and December in Calcutta, and one in July, common in brushwood during the cold weather [ N. Annan- dale|; January at Berhampur. Observations.—Described from a long series, some taken at light. The specimens show some variation in size and colour, but the marked black shiny thorax with the clear-cut yellow area on each side and the quaint marginal cell will at once identify it. 19. Pseudotheobaldia niveiteniata, Theobald. Theog, 8,000 ft., Simla Hills, 2-v-07 [N. Annandale]. 20. Banksiella luteolateralis, ‘Theobald. Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], 23-xi-o4 and x-04. 21. Culex mimeticus, Noé. Lushai Hills, Assam [E. C. Macleod], 1-vi-04, one ?. 22. Culex microannulatus, Theobald. Calcutta, July (7), August (71), September (11), October (4), November (21); Purneah, N. Bengal, August (8); Gopkuda Island, Lake Chilka, Ganjam, August (3); Sylhet, Assam, January (10), February (5), April (1), May (1), November and December ; between Bolpore and Rampore Haut, E. I. Railway, Bengal, in railway carriage, August (1). 23. Culex vishnur, Theobald. Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], January and February; Port Canning, Lower Bengal, July (1); Gopkuda Island, Lake Chilka, Ganjam, August (1). 298 F, V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethride. [VoU. II, 24. Culex sittens, Wiedemann. Calcutta, August, September. 25. Culex gelidus, Theobald. Calcutta, August (27), September (7), October (8), November (13), December (4), not uncommon in houses and at light, and in the open on shrubs [N. Annandale]; Purneah, N. Bengal, August (3); Katihar, Purneah, N. Bengal, October (1); Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], May (1); between Bolpore and Rampore Haut, E. I. Railway, Bengal, in railway carriage, August [C. A. Patva]. 26... Culex tigripes, Grandpré. Calcutta, July (5), August (8), September (2), October (6), November (2); Damukdia Ghat, E. Bengal, July (3); Manipur [C. A. Gourlay], in bungalow, August; Sylhet, Assam [Major dall], February 1904 (1), April 1904 (1), May 1904 (1), December 1904 (2); Port Canning, Lower Bengal, December 1907 (2). 27. Culex fatigans, Wiedemann. Calcutta, August (3), October (13), November (2), December (5),common in houses, only bites in the evening and at night [N. Annandale]; Lucknow, November (38); Gopkuda Island, Lake Chilka, Ganjam, August (2); Berhampur, Murshidabad District, Bengal [Major R. Milne], December (9) ; Anaithpur, Bijnor District, United Provinces, November; Siliguri, N. Bengal, July (1); Pur- neah, N. Bengal, August (2); Meenglas Dooars, Jalpaiguri, June [C. Wallich]; Sylhet, Assam [Major Hail], January (4), February (8), April (9), May (14), June (22), August (1), November (3), December (2) ; Manipur [C. A. Gourlay], grass compound, August (19); Lushai Hills, Assam, June, July and August (3); Bhogaon, Purneah, N. Bengal, October (1). *28. Culex minor, sp. nov. Head brown, slightly darker at the sides and paler around the eyes; proboscis and palpi brown. Thorax bright brown; pleure ochreous with two brown patches. Legs deep brown, unbanded, bases pallid. Abdomen deep brown, with pale lateral basal spots and pale Venter, ?. Head deep brown, with pale narrow-curved scales, pale lateral flat scales and blackish upright forked scales, except in front between the eyes where they are golden brown, cheete black, except between the eyes where they are golden ; proboscis, palpi, antennee and clypeus brown. Thorax dark brown, clothed with very slender narrow-curved bright brown scales, paler just in front of the head and at the sides, 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. | 299 larger cheetze deep brown, but the smaller ones in front of the wings, and some over the head pale golden; scutellum pale brown with small narrow-curved pale golden scales similar in colour to those at the mesonotum near it; pleuree pale ochreous with some pale flat scales and two dark patches; metanotum bright chestnut- brown. Abdomen deep brown, clothed with deep brown scales and with dull white lateral basal patches, but extending partly along the whole length of the segments; border-bristles pale, venter mostly grey scaled. Legs brown, unbanded, coxe pallid, base and venter of femora pale ; ungues small, equal and simple. Wings with rather long fork-cells, the first submarginal much longer and a little narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem less than one-third the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior about two-thirds the length of the cell; mid cross-vein nearer the apex of the wing than the supernumerary, the posterior cross-vein nearly twice its own length distant from the mid. Length 3 to 3°5 mm. o. Palpi thin, brown, the last two segments about equal, with short black bristles, scarcely to be called a hair-tuft. Fore ungues unequal, uniserrate; mid nearly equal, uniserrate ; hind small, equal and simple. Wings with the first submarginal cell a little longer and nar- rower than the second posterior cell, its base a little nearer the base of the wing. Claspers of male genitalia rather broad, lateral process of basal lobe with three large broad spines and three smaller ones. Length 3 to 3°5 mm. Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall]; Lushai Hills, Assam [E. C. Macleod]; Calcutta [N. Annandale]; Lungleh, Lushai Hills, Assam. Time of capture Calcutta in December; Lushai Hills, June, July. Observations. —Described from two ? @ andthreeva. A small obscure species easily told by its unbanded abdomen. It can only be confused with Culex fuscocephala, Theob., described from Ceylon, but the latter has a dark fuscous head, and there are no basal lateral pale spots. 29. Teniorhynchus ager, Giles. Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], January (5), February (2), April (1), May (1); some specimens large, up to 6 mm. 30. Tentorhynchus tenax, Theobald. Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], March (1), April (1), May (2), June (1); Manipur [C. A. Gourlay], August. 300 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethnide. [Vot,. II, *31. Chrysoconops pyvgmeus, sp. nov. Head and thorax golden yellow, proboscis and palpi ochreous, with dusky scales especially at the tip of the proboscis. Abdomen violet-brown with some basal creamy bands and vellow-scaled apex. Legs unbanded ochreous brown. Wing-scales brownish, fork-cells rather small. 9. Head yellowish brown clothed with creamy yellow narrow-curved scales, dense golden yellow upright forked scales and golden chete. Eyes black and silvery. Palpi rather long, ochreous with rather transparent dusky scales and black chete; proboscis ochreous, clothed with metallic violet-brown scales ; antennee brown with pale bands at the verticels and testaceous basal segments. Thorax bright reddish brown, shiny, clothed with golden yellow curved scales and golden yellow chetz ; scutellum similarly adorned, with two large golden posterior border-bristles on each side of the mid lobe and two very small ones between ; metanotum golden yellow; pleure yellow and brown with two patches of sil- very white flat scales. Abdomen clothed with brown and metallic violet scales, the fourth segment with a basal yellow-scaled band, the next with a more prominent one and the apical segments with many yellow scales, hairs golden. Legs ochreous, clothed with brown scales which darken towards the end, base and venter of femora with ochreous scales, in some lights the leg-scales show violet reflections; cheetee brown; ungues dark, equal and simple. Wings with brownish scales; fork-cells rather short, the first submarginal a little longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base a little nearer the apex of the wing than that of the latter, its stem nearly two-thirds the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior a little more than half the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein not quite its own length distant from the mid. Halteres pale yellow. Length 4 mm. Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall]. Observations.—Described from a single perfect @. It comes very neat Chrysoconops brevicellulus, but can be told by the com- pletely golden thorax, smaller size and different venation. 32. Chrysoconops brevicellulus, Theobald. Calcutta, August (1); Sylhet, Assam ; Sangar, Manipur Hut, February (1), May (1), June (1), at night ; Manipur [C. A. Gourlay], August, on wall of bungalow. 33. Mansonia untformis, Theobald. Sythet, Assam [Major Hall], January (2), February (3), March (x), May (8), June (3), July (1), December (4) ; Manipur [C. 4. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 301 Gourlay|, June and September, in a stable and bungalow ; Gopkuda Island, Lake Chilka, Ganjam, August, 7-15 P.M. (2) ; Bhogaon, Purneah District, N. "Bengal (GAe Pai a], October (24); Calcutta, November (17), some at light ; Katihar, Purneah District, iN: Bengal [C. A. Paiva], October (17). 34. Mansontotdes annultfera, Theobald. Calcutta, August and December (2) ; Port Canning, L. Bengal, December [N. Annandale]; Manipur [C. A. Gourlay]; Katihar, Purneah District, N. Bengal [C. A. Paiva], October; Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall], May (4), June (3). N.B.—This species comes in the genus Mansonioides, Theob., not Mansonia. *35. Mimomyia minuta, sp. nov. Head dull ochreous brown, proboscis long and thin, unbanded. Thorax dark shiny brown, pale ochreous at the sides. Abdomen deep brown with basal creamy yellow bands and pale basal lateral spots. Legs brown with narrow pale bands involving both sides of the faints: o. Head small, triangular in outline, clothed with small flat dull ochreous scales behind and dull brown darker ones in front, some large black upright forked scales behind ; antenne long, brown, basal segment shiny reddish brown with a long bristle, second segment long, longer than the next three, pale at its base, hairs moderate, (not plumose); proboscis deep brown, long and thin, swollen apically, nearly as long as the whole body ; clypeus small, triangular, dark brown ; palpi very short, thick and conical. Thorax deep shiny brown, with brown cheetee (denuded), some narrow-curved bronzy brown scales showing ; scutellum black with narrow-curved bronzy brown scales with deep brown _ border- bristles, four to the mid lobe ; metanotum deep brown, paler in the middle; pleurz pale ochreous with an irregular dark central patch. Abdomen deep brown, the segments with basal creamy bands which are contracted in the middie and which spread cut laterally to form basal lateral spots, posterior border-bristles pale golden ; venter banded with dull white, black and ochreous scales, the latter apical, the black colour median. Legs brown, base and venter of femora yellowish, knee-spots dull white, the joints of the tibie and tarsi with narrow yellow bands involving both sides of the joints. Wings with a single row of small spatulate median vein-scales, and some large narrowly pyriform lateral vein-scales ; costa spinose, fork-cells of nearly equal length, the first submarginal a little narrower than the second posterior, its stem nearly as long as the cell, stem of the second posterior cell about two-thirds the length of the cell, the base of the second fork-cell nearer the base of the 302 F. V. THEOBALD: Culicide and Corethride. [Vov. II, ’08.] wing than that of the first fork-cell; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid, rather more than its own length distant from it. Length 2°8 mm. Habitat Sylhet, Assam [Major Hall). Time of capture November (27-xi-04). Odservations.— Described from a single ~. It may be pointed out that the ungues of the fore legs seem to be simple and are unequal and curved ; the mid appear to be equal and simple and the hind ones very small; without dissection the structure of the ungues cannot be made out accurately. 36. Adeomyia squamipenna, Arribalzaga. Calcutta, at light, November (1). Family CORETHRIDA. 37. Corethra asvatica, Giles. Calcutta (Zoological Gardens, Alipore), May (1), July (1), August (36), common resting on damp walls during the daytime and flying to light at night (Museum compound) [N. Annandale], Sep- tember (16), November (6), December (2); Sibpur, near Calcutta, August (2); Katihar, Purneah District, N. Bengal, at light (1). POND LOI LOR LEER OS Ci Misc hy AN bax MAMMALS. MEASUREMENTS OF THE SKELETONS OF TWO LARGE INDIAN ELEPHANTS IN THE COLLECTION OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM.— (1) oo, Bilkandt, Nia Dumka, Santal Parganas, presented by Mr. W.M. Smith, 1870. (Cf. W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus., ii, p. 207, specimen a.) Height from anterior dorsal ver- Ft. In. tebree, highest point RD © 3 Height from highest point of scapula 10 6 Frontal length of skull Oo ©6496 Orbital breadth of skull 0 29°25 Length of humerus O.> =4925 jd) 2.) ulna O 39 a2 Semis O 48 a tibia ‘ O 30 Circumference of tusk at socket . Or Wig 75 From the manner in which it is mounted, it is possible that the height of the skeleton is exaggerated by a few inches, but the animal in life probably measured 12 feet from the highest point. This appears to be a record so far as F. indicus is concerned. ‘The tusks of the specimen are not in the Museum. (2) oo, presented by H. H, the Maharaja of Benares, 1906. Height from anterior dorsal ver- Ft. In. tebree, highest point 3 9 4 Height from highest point of scapula oe O Frontal length of skull O 45 Orbital breadth of skull O 25 Length of humerus O 38 lean ee eluate} O 36 Ay Sere seahhay 0 42 oe ella: i O 255 Circumference of tusk at socket.. 0 135 This elephant headed the procession at the Delhi Durbar in 1903, and was thought to be an elephant of unusual height and power. The tusks had been artificially shortened. T. BENTHAM. 304 Miscellanea. [Vox. IT, THE YOUNG OF 4flurus fulgens.—The two individuals examined are about three weeks old and were born in captivity, in July, the mother, in a pregnant condition, having been caught by some Bhutias in the vicinity of Darjiling and kept in the Museum there. The young are totally different from the adult in coloration, but the characteristic markings are fairly well defined. The following is a short description :— Back dull smoky fawn becoming blackish grey on the under parts ; the crown of the head and sides of the face, with the exception of the. rings round the eyes, greyish red; the legs, tail, and ears smoky brown, the white markings of the adult being here represented by dark grey. T. BENTHAM. BATRACHIA. NOTES ON SOME BATRACHIA RECENTLY ADDED TO THE COL- LECTION OF THE INDIAN MusEuM.—The specimens noticed below are chiefly from the Amherst District, Tenasserim, and the Hima- layas. Those from the former district were taken by myself in March last, those from the Himalayas mostly by Mr. R. Hodgart, the Museum Collector. Rana vicina, Stoliczka. Numerous specimens from British Garhwal at an altitude of about 6,000 feet |Hodgart]. This is the common [rog of the S. W. Himalayas at about this altitude. kana dorie, Boulenger. Several small specimens from a jungle stream in the Dawna Hills near Kawkareik (or Kawkareit) in the interior of the Amherst District (altitude about 3,000 feet), March rgo8. Rana laticeps, Boulenger. A large specimen from a jungle stream in the same locality, but nearer the base of the hills. Apparently a common species above about 2,000 feet. Rana limborg:, W. . Sclater. A specimen from the same locality (2,000 feet), agreeing in proportions and other characters with Sclater’s description, but differing slightly in colour. I have been unable to trace the type specimen of this species, which should be in our collection. Rana limnocharis, Wiegmann. Equally common in swaimps in the plains and in jungle streams in the Himalayas and the mountains of Burma up to 5,000 feet. Some specimens were lately collected on Baratang Island of the 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 305 Andaman group by Mr. B. B. Osmaston, who presented them to the Museum. On account of their peculiar coloration they were sent for examination to Mr. Boulenger, who agreed that they be- longed to this species. The dorsal surface was of a rich chocolate- brown when the specimens were fresh, and the limbs were profusely banded. Rana nigrovittata, Blyth. Several specimens from the neighbourhood of Moulmein, near the coast of the Amherst District. Ixalus cinerascens, Stoliczka. A specimen from the Dawna Hills which agrees well with the type. There are several specimens in our collection taken by Stoliczka, one of them being the type. [xalus annandalet, Boulenger. A specimen from Kurseong [Annandale], July 1908. A very abundant species round Kurseong (altitude 4—5,000 feet), where it is known to Europeans as the ‘‘ coppersmith frog,” from its peculiar metallic and monotonous croak, which continues all day in dull weather. It often sits in tea-bushes, one individual answering another in a neighbouring bush. Bufo stomaticus, T,titken. A specimen from Kurseong [ Hedgart], and another from Damuk- dia on the Ganges (E. Bengal). This species is not uncommon at an altitude of 5,000 feet in the Darjiling district. If it is really distinct from Bufo andersont, the ranges of the two overlap. Megalophrys parva, Boulenger. Numerous tadpoles of a Megalophrys were obtained in a jungle stream in the Dawna Hills at an altitude of about 3,000 feet. They agreed with examples of the larva of M. montana from the Malay Peninsula, except in colour. Mr. Boulenger, who has ex- _ amined specimens, believes them to belong to the species he has just redescribed under the above name (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, mou): N. ANNANDALE. BREEDING HABITS OF Tylototriton verrucosus.—In order to ob- tain further information regarding the breeding habits of this newt I visited Kurseong jin the Darjiling hills at the beginning of last July. In every small pond or large puddle of rain water the females were abundant, but I did not see a single male. Numer- ous eggs were found lying on the bottom of the pools, sometimes singly and sometimes joined together in pairs as described in my former note (Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. i, p. 278); occasionally they were attached lightly to blades of grass. As early as the first week in 306 Miscellanea. [Vou. IT, July the eggs contained embryos ready or nearly ready to break loose as free larvee, which already have external rudiments of fore limbs. The exact stage at which the larvee emerge seems to differ slightly in different individuals. _ As regards Mr. Hodgart’s statement that the newts are able to draw blood by means of their tails from the hand of a captor, I can only say that I failed to observe anything of the kind. ‘The tail is to some extent prehensile, and is curled round the finger when the animal is held in the hand. In the living female the ridge at the base of the tail is soft, only becoming hard when the animal is dead and has been preserved in formalin. N. ANNANDALE. FISH. THE OCCURRENCE OF Rhinodon typicus AT THE HEAD OF THE BAY OF BENGAL.—A specimen of this rare basking shark was te- cently caught by Captain Gorr of the Pilot’s Ridge light vessel at the mouth of the River Hooghly, and presented to the Museum by Mr. W. L. Allnut. The measurements of the freshly caught fish were as tollows :-- Feet. Inches. ‘Length from nose to tip of tail .. 14 ©) Round the head oa i 638 6 ” ,, stomach 9 6 Across the nose 4 O mouth 3 ee 39 93) The specimen was harpooned at the surface, over 263 fathoms of water (Lat. 20° 51’ 30” N., Long. 87° 52’ o” E.), on March 23rd. The colour of the skin was dark bluish grey with large, irregu- lar paler blotches. The teeth were very small and numerous, each consisting of a single recurved cusp. They were arranged in a band on the upper and lower jaw, each band extending nearly to the angles of the mouth. Each band contains about 350 rows of teeth, each row consisting of about ro teeth, making about 7,000 in all. Although the shark has been recorded from Ceylon and Java, this appears to be the first time it has been met with in the upper parts of the Bay of Bengal. RE. Lrovp, ‘Capt. Ps: SPONGES. Note on Ephydatia meyeni (CARTER).—On page 272, vol. i of these ‘‘ Records,” it is stated that the presence of vesicular cells in the parenchyma is a recognized character distinguishing Ephy- datia fiuviatilis from E. muilleri, and the conclusion is drawn that E. meyeni, Carter, is a variety of the former species. This is a seri- ous error, as exactly the contrary is the case. ‘The note was printed during my absence from India, and a printer’s error or lapsus calamt crept in whereby ‘‘ fluviatilis”? was printed for ‘‘ miillert.’ The 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 307 whole of the passage was then changed, apparently without refer- ence to the literature cited, which is therefore misquoted, and the error was thus perpetuated. The presence of vesicular cells (Blasenzellen) in the parenchyma is recognized as being character- istic of E. miilleri, distinguishing it from £. fluviatilis. Unless, therefore, the three forms are either to be considered distinct or united as races or phases of a single species, the Indian form, E.meyem must be regarded as a sub-species or variety of E. miillert ; Dr. Weltner’s view, to which reference is made in my note, must therefore stand. I can only offer my sincerest apologies to Dr. Weltner, and to anyone who may have been misled. It was only recently that I had occasion to refer to my note and realised the mistake. N. ANNANDALE. SS a net a Ne ee, tS Gs a Tete teil me ‘ ae ‘ wae | ai i \ ‘ i Pay ‘ a - i \ an Owing to delay in the press two important papers on Diptera, which were to have been issued in this part, have been omitted. They will be issued immediately as an additional number (vol. ii, part v) of the ‘‘ Records.”’ ‘ * 7 . ‘ ‘ es . F F al : a = . - ~ iy : , is ss : Be 4 NOG oR hee OR TON] A COLEERCTLON.« OF OW AT iC 2ANIMeAT SNP A-Dee TN TT BET BY CAPTAIN F He STEWART EMS, DURING Hee Neb ACR ae. Oi07 . PART JI.—INTRODUCTION, C@&LENTERATES, NEMATOMORPHA, ROTIFERS AND GASTROTRICHA, ENTOMOSTRACA, ARACHNIDS, FisH (Systematic) AND BATRACHIA. INTRODUCTION. By F. H. Srewarr, M.A., D.Sc., M.B., Capt., I.M.S. The collection which forms the subject of the following report, was made in the district between the Tang-la and the town of Gyantse in Tibet during the year 1907. The Tang-la is the pass which leads from the Chumbi Valley into Tibet proper, crossing the watershed of the main chain of the Himalayas at a height of 15,000 feet above sea-level. To the north of it the streams run into the Tsang-po, to the south into the Brahmaputra and the Ganges. Gyantse lies about one hundred miles by road north of the Tang-la at an altitude of 13,100 feet. Collections made in this region thus obviously have a double interest, firstly from the geographical position, and secondly from the altitude of their source. No general collections of the aquatic invertebrate fauna of this part | of Tibet have been made previously, but fishes and amphi- bians were collected during the Tibet Expedition of 1904 in this district, while those from the upper reaches of the Sutle] and Indus may also be counted as Tibetan. In crossing the Tang-la the character of the country is seen to change entirely. We are leaving the well-watered sphere of the monsoon for a region of dry arid hills which, during the greater part of the year, are entirely bare of vegetation. ‘he rainfall changes from the steady six months’ downpour of Sikkim to a scanty fall for one month only about August. Snow also falls in very small quantities except in the immediate neighbourhood of the passes. During the winter of 1906-07 it only lay in the Gyantse valley for one day, and on the hills around for short periods which, if added together, would not total more than one month. Thus during the greater part of the year the lakes and rivers are fed only from springs, which arise here and there on the hillsides. | Specimens of the Phyllopods Branchinecta ovientalis and Estherta davidi were collected in Gyantse by Capt. Lloyd, I.M.S., and noticed by Gurney in Journ, Asiat. Soc. Bengal, ii (N.S.), 1906. 310 ~=6sds#F.~ HY. StTEWarT: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vor. II, The first considerable mass of water met with is the Rham- Tso (see plate xxvi), a lake situated about twenty miles from the pass at an elevation of 14,700 ft. It is about eight miles long by four broad, and appears to be shallow throughout. It occupies the whole of the north-eastern end of a broad plain which is surrounded on all sides by mountain chains. The southern portion of this boundary is the Chumolhari group of mountains covered with per- petual snow. From April to October this lake is entirely free from ice. In October ice begins to form round the margins and gradually spreads untilit covers the whole surface. The winter months are, of course, intensely cold. During the summer, however, no climate could be more delightful. In the daytime the temperature rises to about that of an English summer’s day and even at night remains moderate, so ringed in is the plain by bare hills which store up the sun’s heat. During these months the Rham-Tsois well peopled. Atl round its grassy banks, bar-headed geese rear their families, while ducks of many kinds are to be seen on its waters. Fish are ex- ceedingly plentiful, and large numbers are caught in nets set on stakes across the outlet at the northern corner of the lake, where a small river runs out to fall into Kala-Tso four miles to the north. These fish are preserved by the Tibetans by being split like findon haddocks and dried in the sun. They are not salted or smoked. When fresh they are exceedingly good eating, the flesh sweet and free of the muddy taste and the multitude of bones which render Tibetan river fish so unpleasant. ‘The dried fish are, however, not for European taste. Water weeds grow in abundance for many yards out from the margins of thelake, and Amphipods, Copepods, shells and a species of Hydra flourish among this vegetation. From Kala-Tso, a lake closely resembling Rham-Tso, but on a somewhat smaller scale, the water escapes under ground in the direction of Gyantse. It reappears about twelve miles off near the village of Mang-tsa (14,500 feet) and, reinforced by several small streams issuing from springs on the hillsides, forms the commence- ment of the Nyang Chu, the river which flows through the Gyantse valley and ultimately falls into the Tsang-po. These streams are only completely frozen during the coldest months of the year—February and March. ‘The spring water is sufficiently warm to keep ice-free for some miles during the rest of the year. Here among the moss which grows in the small rivulets, shells and Amphipods, Oligochetes and ‘Turbellarians abound. Small loaches (Nemachilus stoliczke) are also common. Twenty miles nearer Gyantse, at Kang-ma, isa group of springs, the water of which is tepid and heavily charged with carbon dioxide. The only animals found in these springs are certain Ostracods (Eucypris minuta, v. Dad.). In the Gyantse valley itself the river flows with considerable rapidity. ‘The water is grey and loaded with mud. It does not freeze over even in the depth of winter, but from December until April the surface is dotted with ice carried down from above. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 311 The natives of the valley say that the large fish migrate down into the Tsang-po in the autumn and return in spring. The first fish of any size which I obtained in spring were all Schizopygopsis stoliczke or Ptychobarbus controstris. ‘The other species appeared later. In the Gyantse valley, as elsewhere in Tibet, there is an elaborate system of irrigation channels branching off from the rivers. During autumn these abound with young fish, and as in November most of these channels are allowed to run dry, a great loss of young life must result. Two of the best collecting places in the valley are Te-ring Gompa and High Hill Gompa, two monasteries situated on the hill faces several thousand feet above the valley. A spring arises near each, and Turbellarians, Amphipods, Oligochzetes, Rotifers and frogs abound among the moss, algee and stones. Through the courtesy of the Director General of Observatories I am able to give the following table showing the maximum and minimum temperatures recorded each month during 1907 in Gyantse. GYANTSE, 1907. : at uw : B Ua Het o eae glait le ie ise) rs qq n yee) A S| ‘ 3 tw (3) | . oO =} mish ll| Aes) o Oo H Be Wy Ore eaters cet nes = laisten Wee Ih OO ey) eee | ieee Os cilia 3 ra) a} s 5 3 5 o | 9 ° o 0) | So ee Maximum tem- |43-3|39°5 |46°3 |57°2 |65°6 |73°0 |74°8 |74°5 |73°4 |66°4 |54°6|43°4 |59°3 perature in de- grees Fahr. Minimum tem-| 8-7/ 8°8 |/13°8 |27°6 |32°9 |42°7 |47°6 |44°4 |43°1 |32°3|12°3| 4°0|26°5 perature. | OBSERVATIONS ON SPECIMENS OF HYDRA FROM TIBET, WITH NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE GENUS IN ASIA. By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum. Hydra fusca, Linn. ? H. rhetica, Asper, Zool. Anz., 1880, p. 205. Several specimens from among weeds in the Rham-Tso (lake) at an altitude of about 15,000 feet; taken in August, 1907 (Capt. F. H. Stewart). 212 N. ANNANDALE: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vor. IT, The specimens, which are much contracted and have suffered in transit, have a pale orange-brown colour in spirit; but Capt. Stewart tells me that they were red in life. Some of them have five and some six tentacles; no gonads are present, but one indivi- dual bears a large bud with five well-developed tentacles. The bud arises very near the base of the parent polyp. ‘The larger nematocysts, which are not numerous on the tentacles and very scarce on the body, measure 0°0135 mm. by o’o108 mm.;_ their threads appear to be short and rather stout and the cnidocils are short arid inconspicuous. In diagnosing such specimens it is impossible to come to a very definite conclusion. The speciés they represent resembles Asper’s form, which was found in a Swiss Alpine lake, in its red colour and in the number of its tentacles. Whether H. rhetica is speci- fically distinct from H. fusca, Linn., may, however, be doubted. In any case it appears to be distinct from the only other red form that has received a name, wiz., H. rubra, Lewes, which is stated to be a free-living form only found at considerable depths (Roux, Ann. Biol, Lacustre, ii, p. 266, 1907). I take this opportunity to add some remarks on the distribu- tion of Hydra in Asia, a certain amount of additional information having become available since I wrote my two papers on the Bengal species (Mem. Aszat. Soc. Bengal, i, 239, 1906, and Journ. Astat< Soc. Beng. 1907, p. 27). I am indebted to Major J. Stephenson, I.M.S., Professor of Biology, Government College, Lahore, for several specimens taken by him in a small pond in that city. They are well preserved and have, even in spirit, their tentacles considerably longer than their bodies. Several of them bear buds, but no gonads are present. The larger nematocysts, which are far less abundant, especially on the body, than those of H. orentalis, measure 0°0135 mm. by o'0081 mm, and are therefore smaller than those of the Bengal form, which measure o’0189 mm. by o°1g0 mm. ; their threads also appear to be shorter and stouter and their cnidocils to be less conspicuous. The colour in spirit is a dirty white. I think that these specimens are identical with the form called Hydra /usca by Linné. Dr. A. Powell, of the Grant College, Bombay, has found a Hydra at Bombay, which differs in its biology from my species, while Capt. H. J. Walton, I.M.S., writes that he has recently taken specimens at Bulandshahr in the United Provinces. These, he says, do not altogether agree with my description of H. orientalis, from which it is very probable that both they and the Bombay form are distinct. During a recent visit to Burma (March, 1908)) I found a Hydra, apparently identical with specimens from Calcutta, common in a pond at Mandalay ; while in a small pool near Moulmein, in Lower Burma, I took a single polyp, which was of an “ oil-green”’ colour and had eight tentacles. None of these specimens showed any sign of sexual activity, but several of the Mandalay examples bore buds. The nematocysts of all agreed with those of H. orientalis, to which d 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 313 I therefore assign even the Moulmein specimen, in spite of its eight tentacles. Such identifications, however, no gonads being present, can only be provisional. One of my examples from Mandalay exhibited a very remark- able peculiarity, which can hardly have been more than an abnor- mality. The specimen consists of a parent polyp with four buds. The parent polyp had no trace of tentacles, although possessed of a mouth; but on one of tlie buds five well-developed tentacles were present, while on the others they had commenced to appear. Other parent polyps trom the same pond had normal tentacles. The following table embodies all that appears to be known as regards the distribution of Hydra in Asia :— TURKESTAN AND SIBERIA ..? Hydra fusca, Linn., E. v. Daday, Zool. Jahrb., syst. Abth. xix, p. 480, 1904. TIBET i .. Hydra fusca, T,inn. (vide supra). INDIA ae ..Hydva orientalis, Annand. (Calcutta, North and East Bengal, Chota Nagpur, Upper and Lower Burma). Hydra, spp. (Bombay, United Provinces). Hydra fusca, Linn. (Punjab). CEYLON ey ..? Hydra orventalis, Annand. (Colombo and Peredeniya), Willey, Spolia Zey- lantca, 1V, p. 185, 1907. MALAYA Es ..? Hydra orventas, Annand. (Penang). TONQUIN ay ..? Hydra fusca, Linn., Richard, Mém. Soc. 2001. France, vil, p. 237, 1894. Although a considerable number of records of the occurrence of Hydra in the East now exist, the absence of gonads makes a definite specific diagnosis at present impossible in most cases ; but no form answering to the descriptions of Hydra viridis has yet been found in Asia, while the production of eggs has only been observed in the case of Hydra orientalis, which seldom produces them at all _ and sometimes produces them in a degenerate condition! possibly due to their not having been fertilized. This form, as I have pointed out elsewhere (Journ. Astat. Soc. Bengal, 1907, p. 28), is very closely related to the Palearctic species H. grisea, Linn. (= H. oligactis, Pallas), of which it is possibly a tropical race. \ Cf. Weltner, Archiv ~. Naturgesch., 73 Jahr. (1), p. 475, 1908. 314 J. G. DE Man: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vot, II, NOTE ON A FREE-LIVING NEMATODE FROM RHAM-TSO LAKE, TIBET. By Dr. J. G. DE MAN, TLerseke, Zeeland. The single specimen of free-living Nematode which was collected by Captain F. H. Stewart in Rham-Tso Lake, Tibet, belongs to a long-tailed species of the genus Dorylaimus, Duj., and is apparently most closely related to the well-known D. stagnalis, Duj., of the fresh water of Europe.. The point of the partly protruded spear is broken off, as also the extremity of the tail. The measurements of this specimen, which is an egg-bearing female 5°45 mm. long, are the following :— Length of cesophagus ae 1°04 mm. Distance between posterior extremity of the cesophagus and the genital aperture - T2237 oer Distance between genital aperture and anus 2°83 tes Length of the tail .. i cn 0.20 Length of the body i ms 5°44.° 5, Breadth at base of head 0'023) a Breadth at posterior extremity of cesophagus O126).. Breadth at the genital aperture >, sO La omer Breadth at the anal aperture .. 07063, Length of the anterior (7.e., antevaginal) part of the genital organs O04" 5; Length of the posterior (7.e. , postvaginal) part of the genital organs O04 Pia Proportion between the length ‘of body and the average breadth es Proportion between the length of body and that of cesophagus 2 Proportion between the eee of tear and that of tail be 22 These measurements fully agree with those of D. stagnalts, Duj. (vide de Man, ‘‘ Contribution a la connaissance des Nematodes libres de la Seine et des environs de Paris,’ Annales de Biologie lacustre, ii, 1907, p. 25, pls. ii and iti, fig. 5). Both species fully resemble one another as regards the general shape of the body and of the cesophagus, the structure of the head or cephalic region, the situation of the genital aperture and the shape of the tail. In one character, however, this specimen differs from D. stagnalis. On behalf of the quoted paper on the free-living Nematodes of the river Seine, no less than twelve female specimens of D. stagnalis were measured by me, for the greater part, if not all, egg-bearing ; in all these specimens the posterior part of the genital apparatus proved to be distinctly longey than the anterior, it.e., that part which is situated between the genital aperture and the cesophagus; the posterior part, indeed, appeared 1} to 14 times, in one individual 1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 315 even twice, as long as the anterior. In the specimen from Rham- Tso Lake, however, the anterior portion of the genital organs appears exactly as long as the posterior (vide table of measure- ments). The anterior portion appears but Jzttle shorter than the cesophagus, while in the observed females of D. stagnalis it was usually considerably shorter, for, with a rare exception, the ceso- phagus proved to be once-and-a-half to twice as long as the an- terior part of the genital organs. At either side of the vagina four or five ova are situated, more or less compressed against one an- other ; somewhat farther distant from the genital aperture, each oviduct contains another fully developed egg, o°I to o°1I mm. long. It is to be regretted that no more specimens were collected, especially male specimens, which probably present greater differ- ences, in which case the Tibetan species would, indeed, be different from D. stagnalis. Prof. von Daday’s paper on microscopical freshwater animals from Mongolia (in Math. Termt. Evt., Budapest, 24, 1906) is not at my disposal: according to the Zoological Record, however, no new species of the genus Dorylaimus are described in it. SUR LES GORDIENS RECUEHILLIS PAR LE CAPITAINE F. H. STEWART DANS LE TIBET. Par LORENZO CAMERANO, Professeur a ? Université de Turin. Monsieur N. Annandale, Superintendant du Musée d’Histoire Naturelle Indien de Calcutta, a eu l’obligeance de me soumettre les Gordiens recueillis par le Capitaine F. H. Stewart dans le Tibet. Comme il s’agit d’une région peu explorée jusqu’a présent je le crois utile de publier les résultats relatifs aux Gordiens qui ont été recueillis, résultats qui vienn€nt compléter aux ceux que j’ai déja publiés 4 propos des Gordiens rapportés d’autres régions du Tibet et des pays voisins par l’expédition Russe de 1899 a Igor. Parachordodes pustulosus, Baird. Gyantse—(13,120 pieds sur la mer), II-vi-1907. @—Longueur maxima, m. 0°193. Largeur maxima, m. ovoor. L/animal est d’un brun clair. Mang-tsa (14,500 pieds sur la mer), Juillet 1907. ?—Longueur maxima, m. 0'295. Largeur maxima, m. o’ooI. Cet exemplaire est couvert d’un dépdt de carbonate de chaux. Il s’est trouvé peut-étre dans une eau trés calcaire aprés sa mort 316 I,, CAMERANO: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. IT, 9 —Longueur maxima, m. o'r40. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0008. L/animal est d’un brun clair. @—lLongueur maxima, m. o116. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0008. L/animal est d’un brun noiratre. 9 —Longueur maxima, m. 0°135. Largeur maxima, m. 0°0008. L/animal est d’un brun clair. o—Longueur maxima, m. o'114. Largeur maxima, m. 0'0005. o a ie im) sO LL, a * m. 0°0005. L’animal est d’un brun noiratre. Lexpédition Russe au Tibet (1899-1901) a trouvé le Parachor- dodes pustulosus, Baird, 4 Entok-gomba dans une source prés du fleuve Dza-Eju (Bassin du Fleuve Bleu). - Cette espéce est trés répandue en Asie—Desert des Kirgisi— Chine septentrionale, Chingan meridionale, Monts Tjan-schan—Zar- kand. (Cf. L. Camerano, ‘‘ Gordiens nouveaux ou peu connus du Musée Zoologique de l’Acad. Imp. Sc. St. Pétersbourg,” Annuatre du Mus. Zool, Acc. Sc. St. Pétersburg, vol. i (1896), p. 117—125, et vol. Viii (1903), p. 22—29; ‘‘Gordiens du Musée Indien,” Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. ii (1908), p. 113, Calcutta.) On trouve aussi le Parachordodes pustulosus, Baird, en Angle- terre, en France, en Allemagne, en Italie (Ll. Camerano, ‘‘ Monografia dei Gordii,’’ Mem. R. Accad. Sc. de Torino, ser. ii, vol. xlvii (1897). ROTIFERS AND GASTROTRICHA FROM TIBET. By F. H. Stewart, M.A., D.Sc., M.B., Capt., I.M.S. ROTIFERA. BDELLOIDA. Family eed 1. Philodina erythrophthalma, Ehrenberg. Locality.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft., in a small pool among alge. June. 2. Philodina roseola, Ehrenberg. Locality.—-Gyantse, 13,100 ft. May. 3. Philodina citrina, Ehrenberg. Locahtty.—Gyantse, 13,100 ft. July. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. BI7 4. Rotifer tridentatus, sp. nov. (figs. I and 2). Specific characters.—General shape vermiform, slender. Coro- na divided by a deep and broad sulcus into right and left halves. Eyes circular. The tip of the dorsal column can be partially retracted. There are three circular lines around the neck, from the second of which the antenna arises. The antenna has a minute terminal invertile portion bearing sete. The body is longitudinally fluted. The foot tapers gradually, with three or four encircling lines. FIGS. I AND 2. Spurs conical, length ‘o2 mm. There are two long conspicuous pedal glands. Mastax—Teeth three. Colourless. Length a as eae Tait, Locality.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft., in a small pool among alge, June. PLOIMA ILLORICATA. Fam. NOTOMMATADA, 5. Notommata aurita, Ehrenberg. Locality.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft. April to September. 318 F. H. Stewart: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II, 6. Copeus labiatus, Gosse. Locahty.— Chang-lo, 13,100 ft. August. 7. Proales gibba, Ehrenberg. The measurements of this Tibetan form are slightly larger than __ " 14 those given by Gosse, 7.e. 735” in length as compared with 3$0°— 1 Locality.—Chang-lo, 13,100 ft., in slowly flowing water among alge. June. 8. Diglena catellina, Ehrenberg. Locality.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft. FIG. 3. PLOIMA LORICATA. Fam. RATTuLIDaé. 9. Mastigocerca auchinlechii, sp. nov. (fig. 3). Specific characters.—Body fusiform. Head truncate. Occipital margin of lorica armed with two unequal spines of which the longer 1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 319 is median, the shorter situated to the left. The lorica is ridged in its anterior quarter in continuation of the median spine. Toe 2 of length of body and head; two minute substyles at the base. Two large flagelle in the ventral half of the corona. Right malleus absent. Length—Body and head .. “27 min. (=, ) OGG a "17 mm. (z3,°) Maximum breadth re ‘I mm. Localtty.—Se-chen, 13,000 ft., in small marshy pools. March and April. This formclosely resembles M. bicornis, Ehrenberg. It differs from it in the following three points: (1) The short spine is to the left, not to the right of the mid-line. (2) The lorica is ridged. (3) There is a pair of minute substyles. Fam. DINOCHARIDA. 10. Dinocharis pocitllum, Ehrenberg. Locality.—Chang-lo, 13,100 ft. July. 11. Scaridium longicaudum, Ehrenberg. Locality.—Gyantse, 13,100 ft. Fam. SALPINADA. 12. Diaschiza exigua, Gosse. The form found in Tibet is somewhat larger than that described by Gosse, as the head and body measure ,1,,” in length as compared with 33;” of the English form. It does not, however, correspond with the larger D. taurocephalus, Hilgendorff,! described from New Zealand, as the head is not so large in comparison with the body as in that form. Locality.—Chang-lo, 13,100 ft. Inasmall pool off an irriga- tion channel among alge. August. 13. Diaschiza semiaperta, Gosse. Locality. —Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft. 14. Salpina shapé, sp. nov. (fig. 4). This species closely resembles S. brevispina, Ehrenberg, differ- ing from it apparently only in the following two points: (1) it is double the length of S. brevispina; (2) it is devoid of lumbar spines. 1 Hilgendorff, Trans. and Proc. New Zealand Institute, vol, Xxxi, p. 107. 320 F. H. STEwartT: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vor. II, It differs from S. similis, Stokes,' in (1) the fact that the pec- toral spines do not curve toward the dorsum; (2) the absence of lumbar spines. Length of head and body.. sie as25 stihe 2 ol foot-and toes. 2. S.. Leemiine Locality.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 ft. May. FIG. 4. Family KUCHLANIDA. 15. Euchlanis dilatata, Ehrenberg. Locality.—Gobshi, 13,100 ft., in a small pool among alge. 16. Cathypna amban, sp. nov. (fig. 5). Specific characters.—Vorica of two unequal plates, both roughly elliptical but truncated at the anterior end. The ventral plate compared with the dorsal is broader at the anterior extremity, and is shorter, as it ends in front of the foot which projects ventrally, whereas the dorsal plate covers the origin of the foot. The occipi- tal edge of the lorica is straight, the pectoral somewhat crescentic. There is no incisura for the foot in either plate. The toes are one-shouldered. eee ie Length .. ai vey CET mm. (a35:) Maximum breadth .. ‘II mm. Locality.—Chang-lo, 13,100 ft. July. 1 Stokes, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1896,-p. 17. 1908. |] Records of the Indian Museum. 321 This form resembles C. /una, Ehrenberg, but differs from it in the following points: (1) the dorsal plate of the lorica is narrower in front than the ventral; (2) the occipital edge is not inangulated; (3) the horns of the pectoral edge are not so prominent; (4) there is no posterior inangulation of the dorsal plate. FIc, 5. Fam. ANURAIDA}. 17. Notholca scaphula, sp. nov. (fig. 6). Specific characters.—Shape viewed from the dorsum, broad oval truncated at the head; viewed from the side it is horn-shaped. Lorica of two dissimilar plates, the dorsal broader than the ventral, projecting in two thin wing-like lateral expansions beyond the latter. Occipital margin with six spines, the two central sharpest and highest, sublateral lowest. Pectoral margin with a deep rounded midventral incisura bounded by two flat spines. Dorsal plate 20—24 strize; ventral plate Io strie. Corona.—The outer ring of cilia passes ventrally into the in- cisura of the pectoral edge, while dorsally it reaches well in front of the tips of the spines. Inside the ring are three dorsal projec- tions bearing large cilia. Trophi—Teeth, three. Eye single, immediately anterior to the mastax. 322 F. H. Stewart: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II, Length .. .» *I4 mm. (745”) Nasi breadth . oon Ope ar Locahity.—Te-ring Coane: 14,000 ft. April to September. This form closely resembles N. scapha, Gosse. It differs from it in (1) the more marked difference in size between the central and sublateral spines of the occipital edge; (2) in the greater*depth of the incisura of the pectoral edge; (3) there are 20—24 dorsal strie instead of II. Fie. 6. GASTROTRICHA. 18. Lepidoderma squammatum, F. Dujardin. Only one specimen was preserved. It corresponds, however, so closely with the description of P. sguammatum by Zelenka, that there appears to be no doubt about the diagnosis, ‘The transverse rings separating the ciliary fields in the anterior portion of the body and the scales in the same position in the posterior portion can be made out, although the specimen is mounted on its side. Measurements, Length .. ‘I7 mm, Maximum dorso-ventral measurement of head S020 74s Minimum Fe x meck 02044; Length of cesophagus sis a “re 105s ee yy 95, terminal spur - 2 COLON 56 The latter measurement is the only one which differs appreci- ably from the corresponding measurement given by Zelenka, vwz., 1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 323 ‘022 mm. As my specimen, however, is mounted on its side, there is doubtless some foreshortening due to the lateral curve of the spur. Habitat.—Te-ring Gompa, 14,000 feet. 17th May, 1907. These animals were by no means of frequent occurrence. I believe that I did not find more than three or four specimens in six months’ work. Lepidoderma squammatum has been recorded from Germany, France, England, Austria and North America (Zelenka). Technique.—For the two groups of Rotifers and Gastrotricha the only form of technique employed was that of Rousselet—cocaine, osmic acid and formalin (Journ. Queckett Muicr. Club, vol. v, p. I), asphalt being used as a cement. ‘This method gave excellent results for observation within three or four months, and about thirty per cent. of the specimens were found to be in very fair condition after fifteen months, in some cases in such a good state of preservation as to repay examination with a 7-inch oil immersion lens. When it is considered that the slides had made a road journey of two hundred miles, and had endured extremes of climate from the cold of the Tibetan passes in mid-winter to the full heat of the hot weather in Calcutta, the method may be regarded as having been tested under somewhat adverse conditions, and to have come well out of the test. ENTOMOSTRACA ETI HYDRACHNIDAE E TIBET. [Cum Figuris 9 in Textu. ] Pror. E. DADAY DE DEES. Iilustr. Dom. F. H. Stewart anno 1907 in Tibet ex aliquot localitatibus inter alia etiam materiam planctonicam collegii quam Illustr. Dom. N. Annandale, Superintendens Musei Indian Historiae Naturalis studiendi causa Entomostracorum Hydrachni- darumque ad me misit. Commissionem hanc honorabilem, literatu- ra datis de Entomostracis Hydrachnidisque in Tibet occurentibus hucusque exceptis ab Illustr. D. G. O. Sars publicatis carente, libenter accepi resultatemque studii mei in subsequentibus breviter conscribere necessarium esse putavi. Notamdum est, collectionem Dom. F. H, Stewarti in 17 vitris ete 4 localitatibus species 21 infra partim enumeratas, partim descriptas continere. Localitates materiae planctonicae examinatae sunt sequentes :— I. Mang-tsa, altitudine 4419°5 mtr. a superficie maris; anno 1907, 2 Julii—z vitra. 324 E. von Dapay: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II, 2. Gyantse, altitudine 39989 mtr. a superficie maris; anno 1907, 4 Augusti, 9 Septembris et 6 Novembris—8 vitra. 3. Rham-Tso, altitudine 4480°5 mtr., a superficie maris ; anno 1907, 12 Augusti—3 vitra. 4. Kang-ma, altitudine 4267°1 mtr., a superficie maris; anno 1907, 18 Augusti—1 vitrum. I.--SPECIES EXAMINATAE SECUNDUM LOCALITATES CONSCRIPTAE. 1. Mang-tsa. Simocephalus elizabethae (King). Herpetocypris stewarti, n. sp. 2. Gyantse. Cyclops strenuus (Fisch). Alona guttata, G. O. Sars. Cyclops viridis (Jur). | Simocephalus _ elizabethae Cyclops serrulatus (Fisch). (King). Diaptomus tibetanus, n. sp. 10. Scapholeberis mucronata 5. Diaptomus paulseni, G. O. | (O- FM) Sars. Daphnia longispina, Leyd. Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. M). Potamocypris stewarti, n. sp. Dunhevedia crassa, King. 13. Eulais tibetana, n. sp. 3. Rham-Tso. Cyclops viridis (Jur). Moina rectirostris (Jur). Cyclops serrulatus, Fisch. Ceriodaphnia pulchella, G. O. Diaptomus paulseni, G. O. Sars. Sars. Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. M). Simocephalus _ elizabethae 5. EKuryalona annandalei, n. sp. (King). Macrothrix hirsuticornis |10. Herpetocypris smaragdea, (Br. Nr.). nl. Sp: Eucypris tibetana, n. sp. 4. Kang-ma. Eucypris minuta, n. sp. II.—ConSPECTUS SYSTEMATICUS SPECIERUM EXAMINATARUM DESCRIPTIONESQUE SPECIERUM NOVARUM. Ordo COPEPODA. (1) Cyclops viridis (Jur). Cyclops viridis, O. Schmeil (9), p. 97, tab. 8, fig. 12-14. Specimina numerosa e localitatibus Gyantse et Rham-Tso collecta examinavi. 1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 325 (2) Cyclops strenuus, Fisch. Cyclops strenuus, O. Schmeil (9), p. 39, tab. 2, fig. 12-15. Cyclops strenuus, W. Lilljeborg (2), p. 28, tab. 2, fig. 20-25. Specimina numerosa e localitate Gyantse collecta examinavi haecque structura pedis quinti paris formae Cyclopis strenui form lacustrt, Lillj., similia sunt. (3) Cyclops serrulatus, Fisch. Cyclops serrulatus, O. Schmetl (9), p. 141, tab. 5, fig. 6-14. Species haec cosmopolita in Tibet frequens esse videtur. Spe- cimina numerosa e localitatibus Gyantse et Rham-Tso collecta ex- aminavi in societate Cyclopis viridis et strenut. (4) Diaptomus tibetanus, n. sp. (Fig. I, a-e.) Corpus antice parum angustatum, segmento primo longitu- dinem segmentorum triumsegmentorum simul junctorum superante. Segmentum ultimum thoracicum feminae distinctum angulis later- alibus posticis productis, lamelliformibus, magnitudine parum diversis (fig. 1, a). Angulus laminiforme productus sinister dex- tro parum longior latiorque, aculeo sat magno externo armatus. Angulus dexter brevior angustiorque aculeo externo parvo. Seg- mentum ultinum thoracicum maris angulis lateralibus posticis pa- rum productis, apice acute rotundatis. Abdomen feminae triarticulatum, articulo genitali duobus ultimis simul junctis longiore. Abdomen maris 5-segmentatum, segmentis 4 ultimis fere aequilongis. Laminae furcales longitudine segmentum ultimum abdominale superantes, margine interno setosae. Antennae primiparis feminae 25-articulatae, retrorsum ver- gentes apicem laminarum furcalium attingentes vel parum super- antes. Antenna geniculans maris articulo -13 aculeo valido, longo, falciformi armato. Articulus ultimus antennae geniculantis in apice hamulo parvo, introssum vergenti (fig. I, @). Pedes quintiparis feminae articulo ultimo exopoditi biaculeato, aculeis sat crassis, endopodito uniarticulato, digitiformi, longitudi- nem dimidiam articuli primi exopoditi parum superante, apice distali biaculeato, aculeo externo longiore, interno vero breviore (fig.-x, D). Protopoditum pedis dextri quintiparis maris articulo primo in angulo externo-distali processu lobiformi, articulo secundo cum endopodito connato, marginibus laevibus. Articulus primus exo- poditi angulo externo-distali mucronato, mucrone valido, in mar- gine interiori parum tuberculatus. Articulus secundus exopoditi 326 EH. VON DapAy: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II, fere cuneiformis, apicem versus valde angustatus, aculeo valido, curvato, ab apice distali valde remoto, in parte tertia basali sito. Unguis apicalis exopoditi falciformiter valde arcuatus, longitudine articulos tres antecedentes parum superans (fig. I, d). Endopodi- tum uniarticulatum, perbreve, longitudinem dimidiam articuli primi exopoditi non superans, cuneiformi, extrorsum vergens. Articulus secundus protopoditi pedis sinistri quinti paris margine interiore laevi. Articulus secundus exopoditiin margine OO. Fic. 1.—Diaptomus tibetanus, n. sp. (a) Segmenta duo posteriora trunci cum abdomine feminae. (b) Pes quinti paris feminae. (c) Apex pedis quinti paris sinistri maris. (d) Pedes quinti paris maris. (e) Pars media antennae geniculantis maris. interno lobiformiter prominens, lobo rotundato, dense piloso aculeisque parvis 3-4 armato, in margine apicali aculeo breviore, in angulo externo apicali aculeo valido parum falciformi praeditus (fig. 1, c, d). Endopoditum huius pedis uniarticulatum, digiti- forme, longitudine articulum primum exopoditi plusminusve superans. Longitudo totalis feminae 2 mm.; maris 1°8 mm. Specimina numerosa e localitate Gyantse collecta examinavi, 1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 327 Species haec nova differt a speciebus ceteris: structura pedum quintiparis feminae precipueque martis. (5) Diaptomus paulsem, G. O. Sars. (Hig. 2. 2. 0) Diaptomus paulseni, G. O. Sars (7), p. 20, tab. 15, fig. x, a-f. Species haec adhuc solum e Pamir cognita etiam in Tibet sat frequens esse videtur. Specimina numerosa examinata e localita- tibus Gyantse et Rham-Tso collecta solum structura antennae Fic. 2.—Diaptomus paulsent, G. O. Sars. (a) Pars apicalis antennae geniculantis maris. (6) Pedes quinti paris maris. geniculantis pedumque quinti paris maris differunt a speciminibus adhuc descriptis. Articulus antepenultimus antennae geniculan- tis scilicet in parte ultima marginis interioris denticulis minutis, serratim ordinatis armatus (fig. 2, a). Articulus secundus exopo- diti pedis quintiparis dextri maris prope basin aculei lateralis lamina lobiformi et in margine exteriore prope basin unguis apicalis tuberculis duobus parvis armatus. Endopoditum pedis sinistri quintiparis apicem versus attenuatum, apice bifisso, aculeo minore interno, externo vero majore (fig. 2, 0). Subordo CLADOCERA. (6) Chydorus sphaericus (O. F. M.). Chydorus sphaericus, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 561, tab. 77, fig. 8-25. Species haec cosmopolita in Tibet sat frequens esse videtur et ego exemplaria numerosa in materiam e localitatibus Gyantse Rham-Tsoque inveni. (7) Dunhevedia crassa, King. Dunhevedia crassa, G. O. Sars (3), p. 42, tab. 5, fig. 1-4. Specimina solum duo feminina examinavi e localitate Gyantse. Species haec fere cosmopolita etiam e Ceylon et e Siberia (Akmolinsk) cognita. 328 E. VON Dapay: Aguatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. Il, (8) Alona guttata, G. O. Sars. Lynceus guttatus, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 468, tab. 68, fig. 16-26. Species haec etiam e Turkestan enumerata in Tibet sat rara esse videtur, specimina non numerosa solum e localitate Gyantse examinavi. (9) Euryalona annandalet, n. sp. (Fig. 3, a-c.) Testa corporis subrotundata, margine dorsali late arcuato, marginem versus posteriorem flexuoso et cum margine posteriore angulum acutum, parum promineiutem formante. Margo posterior testae in parte superiore parum sinuatus, in parte inferiore ro- tundatus et in marginem ventralem sine limite visibili ineuns. Margo ventralis testae ante medium parum prominens, in parte posteriore subrectus et in marginem anteriorem sine limite ineuns, Fic, 3.—Euryalona annandalet, u. sp. (a) Femina a latere visa. (b) Processus labri. (c) Cauda a latere visa. setis parvis armatus (fig. 3, a). Superficies testae concinne granu- lata. Caput rostro sat longo, parum arcuato tenuique, sub lineam medianam testae declinato. Oculus sat magnus; macula ocularis magnitudine oculi, oculo multo quam apice rostri proprior. Antennae primi paris sat breves, longitudinem dimidiam rostri non superantes. Processus labri sat parvus, antice late, infra acute rotundatus (fig. 3, 6). Cauda apicem distalem versus parum angustata, margine posteriore vel superiore ultra fissuram analem usque ad partem 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 329 tertiam apicalem subrecto, in parte tertia arcuato, serie aculeorum marginalium circa 12-14 serieque laterali aculeorum minimorum fasciculatim dispositorum. Aculei marginales in poribus ordinati, unus major, alter minor tenuiorque, unguis apicalis caudae laevis aculeo basali parvo (fig. 3, c). Longitudo totalis o°9—1 mm. ; altitudo maxima 0°6—0'65 mm. Species haec nova in honorem Illustr. D. N. Annandale, denominata forma, longitudine structuraque rostri, testae precipue- que caudae differt a speciebus ceteris generis. Specimina solum tres feminina examinavi e localitate Rham-Tso. (10) Macrothrix hirsuticornis, Brady-Norm, Macrothrix hirsuticornis, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 346, tab. 55, fig. 6-14. Speciei huius etiam e Mongolia enumeratae, solum specimina tres examinavi e localitate Kham-Tso. (11) Motina rectirostris (Jur). Moina rectirostris, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 216, tab. 29, fig. 23-30, tab. 30, fig. I-12. Specimina 7 2 et I % vidie localitate Rham-Tso. Species haec in Europa et in America boreali frequens occurit etiam in Siberia (Akmolinsk) et in Mongolia. (12) Certodaphnia pulchella, G. O. Sars. Ceriodaphnia pulchella, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 198, tab. 28, fig. 6-18. Speciei huius in Asia sat frequentis et e Siberia Turkestanque jam cognitae solum exemplaria tria examinavi e localitate Rham-Tso. (13) Scapholeberis mucronata (O. F. M.). Scapholeberis mucronata, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 151, tab. 22, fig. 15-19, tab. 23, fig. 1-7. Species haec distributione geographica sat constricta etiam in Asia sat frequens esse videtur, enumerata est scilicet e Ceylon et e Siberia. Specimina non numerosa, a me examinata sunt e locali- tate Gyantse collecta. (14) Stmocephalus eluzabethae, King. - Simocephalus elizabethae, G. O. Sars (3), p. 22, tab. 2, fig. 6-7. Simocephalus gibbosus, G. O. Sars (4), p. 15, tab. 2, fig. 4-6. Simocephalus vetuloides, G. O. Sars (5), p. 5, tab. 6, fig. 11-12. Simocephalus mixtus, G. O. Sars (5), p. 18, tab. 6, fig. 4. Species haec in Asia frequens esse videtur. Secundum opinionem meam species supra enumeratae synonymae sunt et 330 E. von DapDay: Aguatic animals from Tibet. [Vou II, non dubito quin ipsam species Simocephalus elizabethae propter affinitatem magnam Simocephali vetuli, varietas sit. Specimina numerosa vidi e localitatibus Mang-tsa, Gyantse et Rham-Tso itaque species haec in Tibet frequentissima esse videtur. (15) Daphnia longispina (O. F. M.). Daphnia longispina, W. Lilljeborg (1), p. 94, tab. 12, fig. ve tab. 13, fig. 1-8; tab. 14, fig. 1-0. Speciem hanciama D.G. O. Sars, e Tibet cum varietate cau- data enumeratam solum e localitate Gyantse examinavi hincque specimen unicum vidi. Ordo OSTRACODA. (16) Eucypris tibetana, n. sp. (Fig. 4, a-7.) Conchae ambae forma structuraque similes, a latere visae fere oviformes, altitudine maxima dimidiam longitudinem parum superante. Margo anterior concharum altitudine posterioris remota, regu- lariter et acutiusculo rotundatus, lamina hyalina canalibusque pororum carens, tuberculis minimis, setigeris; in marginem dor- salem ventralemque sine limite visibili ineuns (fig. 4, a). Margo dorsalis concharum late rotundatus, in parte anteriore parum humiliter flexuosus, in parte posteriore late arcuatus et in marginem posteriorem arcuato-flexuoso sineque limite visibili ineuns. Margo posterior concharum altitudine anteriorem superans, sat late reguiariterque rotundatus, lamina hyalina canalibus pororum tuberculisque minimis carens, in marginem ventralem sine limite visibili ineuns (fig. 4, a). Margo ventralis concharum rectus, non sinuatus, structura marginibus ceteris simili. Conchae de conspectu dorsali aut ventrali oviformes, antice acute, postice sat late rotundatae, latitudine maxima post medi- um sita (fig. 4, 0). Testa concharum concinne granulata superficie sat dense setosa. Color ignotus. Longitudo maxima 1°5—1°8 mm.; altitudo maxima o'8—r mm.; latitudo maxima 0°7—--I°9 mm. Antennae secundi paris endopoditi triarticulato fasciculoque setarum natatorium usque ad apicem unguiculorum apicalium vergente. Articulus penultimus unguiculis tribus, denticulatis uno breviore duobus multo longioribus armatus. Articulus ultimus in apice unguiculis duobus diversis, uno breviore laevique, altero longiore et denticulato (fig. 4, c). Palpus maxillaris articulo apicali longiore, quam latiore. 1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 331 Processus manducatorius primus maxillarum in apice aculeis duobus validis, denticulatis (fig. 4, d). Pedes maxillares forma structuraque specierum ceterarum similes. Pedes primi paris articulis duobus antepenultimis in superficie setosis, articulo penultimo in angulo anteriore distali setis duabus Fic. 4.—Eucypris tibetana, 0. sp. (a) Concha dextra a latere visa. (b) Conchae supra visae. (c) Endopoditum antennae secundi paris. (d) Maxilla. (e) Pes primus. (f) Lamina furcalis. inaequalibus. Unguiculus apicalis longitudinem articulorum 3 ulti- morum pedis superans, parum falciformiter arcuatus (fig. 4, ¢). Laminae furcales fere rectae, minime curvatae, margine posteriore vel superiore laevi, seta laterali ad unguiculum lateralem approximata; unguiculo laterali dimidiam longitudinem unguiculi apicalis superante; unguiculo apicali fere longitudine dimidia laminae furcalis ; seta apicali longitudine dimidia unguiculi apicalis. Specimina numerosa 2 examinavi e localitate Rham-Tso. 332 E. VON DaDay: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vow. TI, Species haec nova speciei Cyprinotus congener, Vavt., affinis, sed differt inter alia structura marginis anterioris posteriorisque concharum. (17) Eucypris minuta, n. sp. (Fig. 5, a-c.) Conchae ambae inter se similes, a latere visae parum reniformes, altitudine maxima longitudinem dimidiam non attingente (fig. 5, a). Margo anterior concharum fere altitudine marginis posterioris, late rotundatus, in parte inferiore acutiusculo arcuatus, in parte superiore vero flextioso arcuatus, in marginem dorsalem ventralem- que sine limite visibili ineuns, lamina hyalina canalibusque poro- rum carens (fig. 5, @). Margo dorsalis concharum late arcuatus, in parte anteriore Fic. 5.—Eucypris minuta, n. sp. (a) Concha dextra a latere visa. (b) Conchae supra visae. (c) Lamina furcalis, tamen altior, marginem versus posteriorem leniter flexuosus et in marginem posteriorem sine limite visibili ineuns. Margo posterior latiusculo aequaliterque rotundatus, lamina hyalina canalibusque pororum carens, in marginem ventralem sine limite visibili ineuns. Margo ventralis subrectus, fere in medio minime sinuatus, structura marginis posterioris aequali. Margo anterior conchae sinistrae lamina hyalina valde angusta. Conchae supra aut infra visae fere formam navicellae imitantes, apice anteriore acutiusculo, apice posteriore acute rotundato, lati- tudine maxima in medio (fig. 5, 0). Valvulae concharum superficie concinne granulata sparsimque setosa. Color brunneus. Longitudo 1'2—1'°5 mm. 1908. ] Records of the Indian Museum. 333 Antennae secundi paris endopodito triarticulato, fasciculo setarum natatoriarum apicem unguiculorum apicalium superante. Articulus penultimus in angulo superiore distali unguiculis duobus aequilongis, denticulatis setisque duabus longis armatus. Articulus ultimus in apice unguiculis duobus validis, denticulatis setaque parva. . = Articulus penultimus palpi mandibularis processu aculeiformi, dense setoso, sensorio. Palpus maxillaris articulo apicali longiore, quam lato. Processus manducatorius primus maxillae in apice aculeis duobus denticulatis. Pedes maxillares, pedes primi secundique paris structura specierum ceterarum generis similes. Articulus penultimus pedum primi paris in angulo anteriore distali setis duabus inaequalibus. Taminae furcales apicem distalem versus parum attenuatae, leviter arcuatae, margine posteriore vel superiore concinne setoso; seta laterali unguiculo laterali approximata, longitudinem unguiculi laterali parum superante; unguiculo laterali longitudinem dimi- diam unguiculi apicalis non attingente; unguiculo apicali longitudi- nem dimidiam laminae furcalis parum superante, leviter arcuato; seta apicali brevi, fere longitudine tertia unguiculi apicali (fig. 5, ¢). Specimina non numerosa (4 2? et 2 juv.) examinavi e localitate Kang-ma. Species haec nova a speciebus ceteris generis differt forma structuraque concharum. (18) Herbetocypris stewarti, n. sp. (Fig. 6, a-k.) (Femina, fig. 6, a-b.) Conchae a latere visae reniformes, inter se parum dissimiles, al- titudine maxima longitudinem dimidiam non attingente (fig. 6, a-d). Concha dextra (fig. 6, a) a latere visa margine anteriore altitudinem posterioris superante sat acute regulariterque arcuato lamina hyalina carente, canalibus pororum distinctibus, rectis, non ramosis; in marginem dorsalem ventralemque sine limite visibili ineunte. Margo dorsalis conchae dextrae marginem anteriorem versus flexuosus, supra oculum parum tuberculatus, in parte media late arcuatus, marginem posteriorem versus arcuate flexuosoque decli- natus et in marginem posteriorem sine limite visibili ineuns (fig. 65a). Margo posterior margine anteriore humilior, acute arcuatus, in marginem ventralem sine limite visibili ineuns, lamina hyalina carens, canalibus pororum distinctis, rectis, non ramosis. Margo ventralis conchae dextrae in medio parum sinuatus, ante sinum late arcuatus, post sinum subrectus, structura marginis anterioris posteriorisque simili (fig. 6, a). 334 E. von Dapay: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. Il, Concha sinistra margine anteriore posterioreque fere aequialto (fig. 6, 0). . ae Margo anterior conchae sinistrae acutiusculo arcuatus, in mar- Fic. 6.—Herpetocypris stewartt, n. sp. (a) Concha dextra feminae a latere visa. (6) Concha sinistra feminae a latere visa. (c) Concha dextra maris a latere visa. (da) Conchae maris supra visae, (e) Endopoditum antennae secundi paris. (f) Pes maxillaris dexter maris. (2) Palpus pedis maxillaris sinistri maris. (h) Ductus ejaculatorius. (t) Penis. (k) Lamina furcalis maris. ginem dorsalum ventralemque sine limite visibili ineuns, lamina hyalina carens, canalibus pororum rectis, non ramosis. Margo dorsalis late arcuatus supra oculum minime protuberans, 1908, | Records of the Indian Museum. 335 antice posticeque arcuate flexuosus et in marginem posteriorem sine limite visibili ineuns (fig. 6, 0). Margo posterior conchae sinistrae obtuse rotundatus, cum margine ventrali angulum arcuatum formans, lamina hyalina carens, canalibus pororum rectis, non ramosis. Margo ventralis in medio late sinuatus, ante sinum subarcua- tus, post sinum subrectus, canalibus pororum rectis, non ramosis (fig. 6, 0). Conchae supra infraque visae formam navicellae imitantes apice anteriore acuto, posteriore vero rotundato, lateribus minime arcuatis, fere subrectis, latitudine maxima in medio sita. Valvulae concharum superficie splendida, concinne granulata, setosa, setis parvis, sat rare disparsis ; colore viridi. Longitudo concharum 1°2—1°3 mm; altitudo maxima 0°6—0°65 mm.; latitudo maxima 0°43—0'48 mm. Antennae, mandibulae, maxillae, pedes laminaeque furcales structura iisdem maris similes. (Mas, fig. 6, c-k.) Conchae ambae forma structuraque fere similes, reniformes, altitudine maxima longitudinem dimidiam non attingente, in margine anteriore, posteriore ventralique lamina hyalina car- entes, canalibus pororum rectis, non ramosis, ubique fere aequi- longis (fig. 6, c). Margo interior concharum altitudine posteriorem superante, regulariter acutiusculo arcuatus, in marginem dorsalem ventra- lemque sine limite visibili ineuns (fig. 6, c). Margo dorsalis late arcuatus in marginem anteriorem posteri- oremque aequaliter flexuoso declinatus, sine limite visibili. Margo posterior anteriore humilior acutiusculo arcuatus, in marginem dorsalem ventralemque sine limite visibilis ineuns. Margo ventralis concharum in medio late sinuatus, ante et post sinum fere aequaliter subarcuatus. Conchae supra vel infra visae formam navicellae imitantes, apice anteriore acuto, posteriore vero rotundato, latitudine maxi ma in medio sita (fig 6, d); structura coloreque feminarum similes, Longitudo concharum I'05—I'I mm.; altitudo maxima 0°45—0'5 mm.; latitudo maxima 0°4 mm. Antennae primi paris articulo ultimo setis duabus aculeoque laevi, elongato armato. Articulus proximalis endopoditi antennarum secundi paris fasciculo setarum natatoriarum perbrevium, evanescentium. Articulus penultimus in angulo superiore distali unguiculis api- calibus tribus, aequalibus, denticulatis. Articulus ultimus in apice unguiculo apicali, denticulato, aculeo laevi, unguiformi, seta bacil- liformi sensoria setaque simplici parva (fig. 6, @). Articulus ultimus palpi maxillaris longitudine latitudinem superante. Processus primus maxillae manducatorius in apice 336 E. VON DaDay: Aquatic animals from Tibet [Vou. II, aculeis duobiis validis, laevibus. Pedes maxillares appendice branchiali 6 setosa, setis plumosis. Palpus pedis maxillaris dextri biarticulatus, articulo basali columniformi ubique fere aequilato, in angulo anteriore distali aculeis duobus diversis sensoriis; articulo ultimo fere falciformi, basi et in apice angustiore (fig. 6, f). Palpus pedis maxillaris sinistri biarticulatus, articulo basali columniformi, ubique fere aequilato, in angulo anteriore distali aculeis duobus diversis; articulo ultimo fere falciformi, basi inflato, apicem versus sensim attenuato (fig. 6, g). Pedes primi paris articulis duobus proximalibus superficie setosis, articulo antepenultimo in angulo anteriore distali setis duabus inaequalibus armato; ungue apicali longitudinem articu- lorum trium antecedentium superante. Laminae furcales fere gladiiformes, margine posteriore vel superiore recto, dense setoso, setis minimis, margine anteriore vel inferiore sinuato; seta laterali unguiculo laterali valde approxi- mata; unguiculo laterali longitudinem dimidiam unguiculi apicalis attingente; unguiculo apicali longitudinem dimidiam laminae furcalis multo non attingente; seta apicali longitudine dimidia unguiculis apicalis multo breviore (fig. 6, 2). Ductus ejaculatorius circum canalem centralem annulis 20 aculeorum (fig. 6, h). Penis utcunque pyriformis appendice accessoria fere quadrangu- lari, apicem distalem versus dilatata. Vas deferens laqueos multos formans (fig. 6, 7). Specimina numerosa @ et % examinavi e localitate Mang-tsa collecta. Species haec nova in honorem D. F. H. Stewarti, denominata differt forma structuraque concharum, ductus ejaculatorii penisque a speciebus ceteris generis. (19) Herpetocypris smaragdea, n. sp. (Fig. 7, a-d.)- Conchae ambae structura formaque similes, a latere visae fere reniformes, altitudine maxima dimidiam longitudinem attingente ; margine anteriore , posteriore ventralique lamina hyalina, canalibus- que pororum carentibus. Margo anterior concharum fere altitudine posterioris, latiusculo arcuatus, in marginem dorsalem ventralemque sine limite visibili ineuns (fig, 7): Margo dorsalis late arcuatus, antice posticeque flexuosus, in marginem posteriorem sine limite visibili ineuns. Margo posterior acutiusculo rotundatus, in marginem ventralem sine limite visibili flexuose ineuns. Margo ventralis in medio late sinuatus, ante et post sinum partum arcuatus. Conchae supra aut infra visae elongato oviformes, antice acutius 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 337 quam postice rotundatae, lateribus late arcuatis; latitudine maxima in medio sita (fig. 8, b). Valvulae concharum politae, laeves; colore viridi. Longitudo concharum 1°25 mm.; altitudo maxima o‘6 mm. ; latitudo maxima 0°55 mm. Articulus ultimus antennarum primi paris setis duabus longis aculeoque elongato, setiformi, laevi. Articulus basalis endopoditi antennarum secundi paris fasciculo setarum 5 breviorum natatoriarum evanescente, dimidiam, longitudinem articuli sequentis parum attingene. Articulus penul- timus in angulo superiore distali unguiculis 3 aequilongis, validis, denticulatis setisque duabus longis. RFIc. 7.—Herpetocypris smaragdea, n. sp. (a) Concha dextra a latere visa. (6) Conchae supra visae. (c) Endopoditum antennae secundi paris. (d) Lamina furcalis. Articulus ultimus in apice unguiculis duobus diversilongis, denticulatis, seta bifissa sensoria setaque parva simplici (fig. 7, c). Palpus maxillaris articulo ultimo longiore quam latiore. Pro- cessus manducatorius primus in apice aculeis duobus laevibus, politis. Palpus pedum maxillarium cuneiformis apice trisetoso, setis. brevibus. Appendix branchialis setis 6 plumosis. Pedes primi paris articulis duobus proximalibus in marginibus setosis. Articulus antepenultimus in angulo anteriore distali setis duabus inaequalibus. Unguis apicalis longitudinem articulo- rum trium antecedentium pedis superans, parum arcuatus. Pedes sequndi paris iisdem specierum ceterorum generis similes. Laminae furcales apicem versus parum attenuatae, subrectae, margine posteriore setoso, setis minimis; seta laterali unguiculo 338 E. vON DAapAy: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II, laterali approximata, longitudinem dimidiam unguiculi lateralis superante; unguiculo laterali elongato, longitudinem dimidiam un- guiculi apicalis multo superante; unguiculo apicali fere longitudine dimidia laminae furcalis; seta apicali longitudinem tertiam wngui- culi apicalis non superante (fig. 7, d). Specimen unicum @ examinavi e localitate Rham-Tso. Species haec nova speciei Herpfetocypris stewarti affinis, sed differt: forma structuraque concharum antennarumque secundi paris. - (20) Potamocypris stewartt, n. sp. (Fig. 8, a-c.) Conchae ambae structura formaque similes, a latere visae parum oviformes, altitudine maxima in medio concharum sita longitudinem dimidiam valde superante (fig. 8, a); margine anter- 2 2 Fic. 8.—Potamocypris stewartt, n. sp. (a) Concha dextra a latere visa, (b) Conchae supra visae. (c) Lamina furcalis, lore, posteriore ventralique lamina hyalina canalibusque pororum carentibus. Margo anterior fere altitudine posterioris, obtuse arcuatus, in marginem dorsalem ventralemque sine limite visibili ineuns. Margo dorsalis sat acute rotundatus, antice posticeque flexuose declinatus, in marginem posteriorem sine limite visibili ineuns. Margo posterior acutiusculo arcuatus, marginem dorsalem versus flexuoso, marginem ventralem versus ‘actitius rotundatus et in marginem ventr alem sine limite visibili ineuns. Margo ventralis leviter arcuatus, antice posticeque parum flexuosus (fig. 8, a). Conchae supra aut infra visae ovo brevi, sat dilatato similes, apice anteriore acuto, posteriore vero sat obtuse rotundato, lati- tudine maxima post dimidium sita (fig. 8, b). Valvulae concharum concinne eranulatae, sparsim setosae, setis parvis; colore viridibrunneo. Longitudo concharum I mm.; altitudo maxima 0°75 mm.; latitudo maxima 0°56 mm. 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 339 Exopoditum antennarum primi paris lobum parvum trisetosum formats seta mediana perlonga, apicem articuli ultimi fere attin- gente. Articulus primus endopoditi in parte distali infra setosus, fasciculo- setarum natatoriarum apicem-unguiculorum apicalium attingente. Articulus penultimus in angulo superiore distali un- guiculis tribus apicalibus setisque duabus longis. Unguiculi api- cales inter se diversi, duo aequilongi, tenue denticulati, alter brevior, parum latior, validiusque denticulatus. Articulus ultimus in apice unguiculis duobus inaequalibus denticulatis, seta sensoria bacilli- formi, setaque parva simplici. Processus manducatorius maxillarum primus aculeis duobus laevibus, politis. Pedes maxillares solum setis duobus branchialibus. Pedes primi secundique paris iisdem specierum ceterorum generis similes. - Laminae furcales evanidae seta laterali brevi, processu fla- gelliformi apicali (fig. 8, c). Specimen unicum @ examinavi e localitate Gyantse. Species haec nova in honorem D. F. H. Stewarti, denominata differt forma structuraque concharum a speciebus ceteris generis. HYDRACHNIDAE. (21) Eulats ttbetana, n. sp. (Fig. 9, a-e.) Corpus ovale, antice acutius, postice latius rotundatum, longi- tudine 2-3 mm., latitudine maxima I°5—2 mm. Integumentum corporis dense concinneque striatum. Circuitus oculorum oviformes, antice posticeque aequaliter rotundati ponte elongato conjuncti. Pons conjungens longitudine o'I7 mm. margine anteriore posterioreque trituberculato, tuberculo medio majore, duobus lateralibus minoribus aequalibus, lamina ad- haesionis musculorum sat magna, rotundata, setis sensoriis e tuberculis exeuntibus (fig. 9, @). Capitulum breviusculum superficie granulata, in angulo pos- teriore utrinque processu retrorsum et a latere vergente sensim attenuato; margine posteriore prope basin processorum lateralium tuberculo parvo (fig. 9, c). Sacculi tracheales longitudinem pharyngis non superantes (fig. 9, 9). Pharynx postice in lateribus processu parvo dentiformi (lig 2 /0),€): Palpus maxillaris longitudine 1°2 mm. Articulus secundus in margine inferiore prope angulum setis duabus, latere externo laevi, latere interno in margine apicali setis 4 brevibus, aculeiformi- bus, setosis (fig. 9, 0, d). Articulus tertius in latere exteriore et in margine distali seta aculeiformi pilosa (fig. 9, 0), in latere interiore et in margine apicali setis 4 aculeiformibus pilosis (fig. 9, @d). Articulus quartus in margine superiore inferioreque 340 HE. VON DapAay: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vor II, setis duabus simplicibus, in latere exteriore laevi (fig.9, 0), in latere interiore vero setis II simplicibus in seriebus duabus longitudinali- bus ordinatis (fig. 9, d). Articulus ultimus apice denticulatus, denticulis parvis, numerosis, in latere exteriore laevi (fig. 9, 3), in latere interiore vero setis duabus aculeiformibus, simplicibus (fig. 9, 4). Pedes unguiculo apicali bifisso (fig. 9, ¢e), longitudine diversi. Pedes primi paris 1°6 mm.; secundi paris I°9 mm.; tertii paris 2°I mm.; quarti paris 2°5 mm. Specimina 4 examinavi e localitate Gyantse. Species haec nova speciei Eulaits megalostoma aD. F. Koenthe Fic. 9.—Eulats tibetana, n. sp. (a) Oculi. (b) Capitulum et palpus maxillaris a latere exteriore. (c) Capitulum a latere ventrali visum. (d) Palpus maxillaris a latere interiore. (e) Unguis pedium 1-4 paris. ex Afrika orientali descriptae affinis, sed differt: structura circuitus oculorum, capituli palpique maxillaris. LITERATURA IN TEXTU CITATA. 1. Lilljeborg, W. Cladocera Sueciae, Upsala, 1900, tab. 1-87. ‘“Synopsis specierum huc usque in Suecia observatatum generis Cyclopis,’ Kongl. Svenska vetenk. Akad, Handlingar, bd. 35, No. 4, Stockholm, 1gor, tab. 1-6. 4.) eres tae 1Oe ““ Additional Notes on Australian Clado- cera,” Viedensk. Selsk. Forhandl., 1888, No. 7, tab. 1-6, i) d) 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 341 4. Sars, G.O. On Freshwater Entomostraca of Sydney, Kristiania, 1896, tab. 1-8. 5 Re “The Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda of the Jana Expedition,’ Annuaire du Musée Zool. de l Acad. imp. des Scienc. de St. Pétersbourg, 1898, p. 324, tab. 6-11. 6. rf “On the Crustacean Fauna. of Central Asia,” -Part 2, Cladocera, ¢b:d.,. 1903, tom. 8, p. 157, tab. 1-8. 70 a ‘On the Crustacean Fauna of Central Asia,” Part 3, Copepoda and Ostracoda, ibid., tom. 8, 1903, p. 195, tab. 9-16. ‘On the Crustacean Fauna of Central Asia,’ Appendix, 2b1d., p. 233. 9. Schmeil, O. Deutschlands fretlebende Siisswasser-Cope- boden, I, Cyclopide, Cassel, 1893, tab. 1-8. x) REPORT ON THE FISH COLLECTED IN TIBET BY CAPT. “FH STEWART, IMS: Bye Re He LLovn MB. Son Capi LMS: Acting Professor of Biology, Medical College, Calcutta, formerly Surgeon Naturalist, Marine Survey of India. This collection includes eight species, all of which were taken from the Nyang Chu, a stream of some magnitude, which flows by Gyantse and Shigatse to meet the Tsang-po. Of these species three are new to science. During the expedition of 1904 Captain H. J. Walton collected seven species of fish, of which no less than six were found by Mr. Tate Regan to be new species. As only two species, Nemachilus stoliczke and Schizothorvax macropogon, are present in both collections, we may conclude that the waters of Tibet contain a considerable variety of fish. Nemachilus stoliczke, Day. Numerous specimens. Ptychobarbus conirostris, Steindachner, One specimen 175 mm. in length. 342 R. E. Luovp: Aquatic animals from Tibet. [Vou II, Schizothorax macropogon, Regan. (Pl. xxv, fig. 4.) Three specimens measuring 26, 29 and 37 cms. ‘They differ slightly from the described type of the species, which was from Lhasa. The length of the head is only } of the total length, and the barbels are as long as the head excluding the snout. Schizopygopsis stoliczeke, Steindachner. A very common fish in these waters (identified by Captain Stewart). Schizopygopsis stoliczke (colour variety). Specimens were - takenin which the pigment of the back was concentrated in stellate spots: this peculiarity had no dependence on illumination, age, or Sex. Parexostoma stoliczke (Day). Two specimens, measuring 250 and 190 mm. respectively, have been referred to this species. They agree very closely in their pro- portions with certain of Day’s specimens from Leh in Western Tibet. They differ, however, somewhat in that their heads are relatively larger and flatter. In colour they are olivaceous above, the pigment being arranged in a speckled manner on a yellow ground; below they are dull yellow. P. maculatum, Regan, from JIhasa seems to resemble P. stoliczke very closely, except in colour. In this respect, however, our specimens from Gyantse appear to agree, judging from the descriptions, with the specimens from Leh more closely than with those from Lhasa. In the specimens from Gyantse, the head length is more than 1 of the total length, the length of the snout is 1} times the inter- ocular distance as in P. maculatum and as in many of Day’s type specimens (of P. stoliczke) from Leb. In Day’s description of this latter species, however, the length of the snout is said to be twice the distance between the eyes. Schizopygopsis stewart, n. sp. (Pl. xxv, fig. 1.) The length of the head bears to the length of the body (without the caudal) the proportion of 1: 4. The head is flattened above, the snout being conical and pointed, the point of the lower jaw and the snout reach to the same level. ‘The diameter of the eye is to the length of the head as1: 7; tothe length of the snout as 1: 2. The tength of the snout is slightly greater than the inter- ocular distance. The dorsal fin contains three spines and seven rays, the third ray is deeply serrated and is about as long as the postocular part of the head. ‘The first spine is situated nearer to the root of the tail than to the end of the snout, the distances which separate these 1908. | Records of the Indian Museum. 343 points being in the proportion of 5: 6. By ‘‘root of the tail’’ is meant the point where the lateral line ends against the caudal fin. The anal fin contains three spines and six rays, and nearly touches the caudal when laid flat. The pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins very nearly of the same length, which is slightly less than the postocular part of the head. There are 110—120 scales in the lateral line. Behind the oper- culum the scales are arranged in eight to ten rows, placed one above the other; in each row there are two to four scales, they are irregu- larly imbricated. The ‘‘tiled”’ row contains thirty to thirty-five scales, on either side of the vent the diameter of these scales is 2 that of the eye in front, and behind the vent their diameter becomes considerably less. There are no barbels. Pharyngeal teeth 4.3 | 3.4; the teeth of the outer row are longer than those of the inner and are curved. Colour.—Silvery with dark uniformly distributed small blotches apparently under light control. Top of head dirty olive extend- ing on to the cheek, dorsal and caudal fins dirty olive. Pelvic, ven- tral and anal fins orange-red near the free margin. An active predatory fish; a small fish of another species was taken from the stomach of one of the specimens. Schizothorax o’connort,n. sp. (Pl. xxv, fig. 3.) Length of the head to the length of the body (without caudal) bears the proportion I: 5. The greatest depth of the body is a little more than the length of the head. The diameter of the eye is 4 of the length of the head. ‘The eye is nearer to the snout than to the posterior border of the operculum, being separated by two diameters from the former and three diameters from the latter. The diameter of the eye is to the length of the interocular dis- tance aS 2: 5. The shape of the head is that of a bluntly pointed cone: be- tween the eyes the head is nearly flat, but in the middle line a raised crest of the frontal bone projects slightly. (This may only be visible in the spirit specimen.) The mouth is transverse and is only slightly curved. The snout projects well beyond the level of the lower jaw. The posterior barbel is in length about 2 of the diameter of the eye, the anterior barbel being somewhat less than this. The dorsal fin is situated behind the level of the ventrals, its first spine is somewhat nearer to the root of the tail than to the snout, the proportion of the distances which separate these points being as 6: 7. There are three spines and eight soft rays in the dorsal fin, the third spine being equal to the length of the head without the snout. In the character of this spine the two specimens differ considerably ; in the larger specimen the serrations are distinct but small, and the 344 R. E. Lrovp: Aguatic animals from Tibet. [Vou. II, distal half of the spine is flexible, in the other the spine is much stouter, the serrations are longer and only the distal third is flexible. The anal fin contains three feeble spines and seven soft rays ; when laid flat it does not quite reach to the caudal. L.L. 105--110,—lL.tr. 25—1—25. The “‘ tiled row” contains fifteen scales, each about ? of the diameter of the eve. Pharyngeal teeth ten on either side, rows not regularly arranged. Colour.—‘‘ Bluish above with steel-blue scales; sides yellow orange; belly white; upper surface of head dirty olive; cheeks golden.” Oreinus batleyt, n. sp. (Pl. xxv, figs. 2, 2a.) Length of head is to the length of the body (without caudal) as I: 4. The head is scaleless, and conical in shape, the upper profile slopes downwards, but the lower profile is almost in a line with the ventral surface of the body. The diameter of the eye is to the length of the head as I: 7. The eye is to the snout in length as 2: 5. The dorsal fin contains three spines and seven rays; the third spine is stout and deeply serrated posteriorly; it is jointed and flexible near the tip, and is as long as the postocular part of the head. The first dorsal spine is much nearer the root of the tail than to the snout. The distances which separate these points being in the pro- portion of 3: 4. The anal fin contains three feeble spines and six rays; when laid flat it does not quite touch the caudal. The pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins are all very nearly of the same length and are equal to the length of the head excluding the snout. The length of the caudal fin is equal to the greatest depth of the body. Both upper and lower lips are very thick and fleshy, so that they appear as though covered by a mask. The lower lip has a deep median notch which converts it into a horse-shoe-shaped sucker. ' The maxillary barbel is as long as the lower lip, the rostral barbel is somewhat shorter. Pharyngeal teeth 5.3.2 | 5.3.2. Lateral line contains about I00 scales. The ‘‘tiled’’ row of scales contains about 23. The diameter of the largest of them is about # of the diameter of the eye. Colour.—“ Steel-blue, silvery, with a tinge of gold on the sides; back of the head is dirty olive, a tinge of gold on operculum; dorsal and caudal fin spotted with black ; also irregular black spots over the body. ”’ 1908.] Records of the Indian Museum. .. B45 DESCRIPTION OF THE TADPOLE OF. RANA PLESKID, With: NOLES...ON. ALLIED FORMS. By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., Superintendent, Indian Museum. The only species of Batrachian represented in Captain Stewart’s collection is Rana pleskii, Gtinther, which has already been recorded from the neighbourhood of Gyantse by Boulenger (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), Xv, p. 378, 1905). Rana pleski, Gunther, R. Pleskii, Giinther, Ann. Mus. St. Petersb., 1896, p. 199. Several adult specimens of various sizes, and tadpoles in various stages from the neighbourhood of Gyantse. Boulenger (of. cit.) records this species from an altitude of 15,000 feet, and Captain Stewart tells me that it is abundant all about Gyantse, occurring even in small puddles of water and in mountain streams. Like its allies R. vicina and R. hebigit it appears to be mainly aquatic in its habits. The fact that R. pleskiz breeds at an altitude of 13,000 feet or over is interesting. There is a full-grown tadpole in Captain Stewart’s collection which was taken in April at the height men- tioned, and a very small frog taken in November at the same height. There are also several smaller tadpoles, all of which are unusually well preserved. The following description is drawn up from the largest tadpole, which has the hind legs about Io mm. long but no signs of the fore limbs :— Tadpole of R. plesk, Gtinther— Total length 72 mm.; length of tail 45 mm.; greatest breadth of body 13 mm.; depth of body 9 mm.; greatest depth of tail I2 mm.; of caudal muscles 8 mm. Head and body flat; eyes far apart, dorsal; nostril dorsal, a little nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; spiracle sinistral, pointing backwards and upwards ; anus opening on the right side; caudal fin commencing well behind the level of the base of the hind limbs, continued round the tail to the anus, bluntly pointed at the tip. Lips moderately well dev- eloped, both with a fringe, which is only interrupted for a short dis- tance in the middle of the upper lip; both jaws serrated at the edge and roughened on the external surface; the upper jaw bearing a couple of long, narrow teeth at either end ; lower jaw crescentic, 1 undivided; dental formula <3. Colour slate-grey, indistinctly oa marbled on the tail and fading to white on the belly. For the sake of comparison I give a description of a somewhat similar tadpole which appears to be that of A. vicina, a frog found 346 N. ANNANDALE: Aquatic animals from Ttbet. [Vou. II, ’08.] above 6,000 feet in the Himalayas and common in the Simla district and in Kumaon. I have found this tadpole with the adult of the species to which I assign it both in Kumaon and in the Simla hills :— Tadpole of Rana vicina, Stoliczka— Total length (specimen without legs) 43 mm.; length of tail 30 mm.; greatest breadth of body 8 mm.; greatest depth of tail 8 mm.; of caudal muscles 5 mm. Head and body moderately flat ; eyes far apart; nostrils nearer the eyes than the tip of the snout; eyes and nostrils dorsal; spiracle sinistral, pointing upwards and backwards ; vent opening on the right side; caudal fin commen- cing in front of the base of the hind limbs, continued round the tail to the anus, sharply pointed at the tip. Lips very large, con- siderably larger than those of the tadpole of R. pleskiz, resembling those of R. ebigii in extent; the lower lip fringed completely, the upper lip only at the corners; both jaws serrated; upper jaw in two parts, without enlarged teeth at the sides; dental formula 1 4+ — ; a minute, round papilla, bearing horny teeth, exists on 2 either side between the uppermost row and the first of the double rows on the upper lip. Colour brownish, more or less distinctly mottled and spotted, paler below. The dental formula of the tadpole of R. liebigiz (Annandale, 3 Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1906, p. 290) is ===; otherwise the larva 1+1 2 of this species is much like that of RK. vicina, Oe Se ne ae ne se emt cere ae ee Plate Ay: Rec. Ind. Mus.,Vol.II, 1908. ‘ed ¥ | - ) rc <0) 2 ; =, rH ne PS et 6G