= RECORDS of the INDIAN MUSEUM (A JOURNAL OF INDIAN ZOOLOGY ) Vol. VIII, 1912-1922. EDITED BY THE DIRECTOR, ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA. Calcutta: PUBLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR, ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA. PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. [92 3. © pat ry z ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE ABOR EXPEDITION: EDITORIAL NOTE. We had hoped to have the collections made on the Abor Expedition worked out completely, and to have published a final summary with figures of characteristic animals. The war, however, interrupted the progress of the work, which has continued for Io years. As there seems little prospect of completing it now and as the delay is causing serious bibliographical inconvenience owing to the lack of an index to the volume, we have decided to bring it to a close. At some future date it may be utilised in a general study of the Himalayan fauna. N. ANNANDALE, Director, CALCUTTA : Zoological Survey of India. February 22nd, 1922. 2 Introduction T iY. IT. IV. V Wa: Sa LV: XV. ».O'2 F XV. XVITI. XIX. DOG XXI XXII Dee IT: XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVIT. XXVIII. XXIX. oy i) bn . ve a ger Part VII. Published August, 1915. a Mollusca, III: Cyclophoridae (in part) as, 408 Mollusca, 1V: Helicidae .. 05 Coleoptera, VIII: Passalidae and Lucanidae 3) SBS Part VIII. Published November, 10915. Coleoptera, IX: Tenebrionidae af ia) 25S Mollusca, V < Yi he Pies so Part UX. Published August, 1916. Terrestrial Isopoda, II e ai ioe 543 Mollusca, VI... it oe 4g Part X. Published April, 1917. Collembola as . 50 Mollusca, VII: Cyclophoridae (in part) Pee e610 Part XI. Published February, 1918. Mollusca, VIII: Macrochlamyinae (in part) oe OL Part XII. Published November, 1918. Mollusca, IX .. “t oh 7a MOO ParT XIII. Published May, 1922. Coleoptera, X: Hydrophilidae a 4: 8 028 Hist (Or -PE AHS: Follow Page Plate I (Map) sf me Ww Le 6 Plates II-1V (Batrachia) or — a ee 30 Plate V (Reptilia) 6 we PE ps GO Plate VI (Diptera) 35 cs om mL EQO Plates VII-IX (Fish) a 243 y me, 258 Plates X-XIII (Mollusca) .. cA S ele ooS Plate XTV (Temnocephalidae) we i igeleae Plate XV (Orthoptera) ef: ro W. oe S16 Plate XVI (Odonata) 4 se ne oa 350 Plates XVII-XXI (Crustacea Decapoda) ae Zid NEO Plate XXII (Freshwater Planaria) A; ‘e eS 392 Plates XXITI-X XIV (Mollusca) ws ve io OA Plate XXV (Neuropteroid insects) e os .. 356 Plates XXVI-XXVII (Oligochaeta) a FS 53 PALO Plate XXVIII (Crustacea Amphipoda) .. be me ASA Plates XXIX-XXX (Land Planarians) .. ee ae AGH Plates XXXI-XXXIII (Terrestrial Isopoda) a rye 1470 Plates XXXIV-XXXVII (Onychophora) re 22, 42 Plates XXXVIII-XL (Mollusca) : me sy OL Plates XLI-XLII (Mollusca) ts A: ely ae! Plates XLIII-XLIV (Tenebrionidae) e ef 26536 Plates XLV-XLVIII (Mollusca) ae e 2) 1500 Plates XLIX-L (Terrestrial Isopoda) .. a .. 546 Plates LI-LIV (Mollusca) .. ne Ds ~~ 5O00 Plates LV-I,VII (Collembola) as Sy SOB LIST OF AUTHORS. Annandale, N.,D.Sc.,F.A S.B. Batrachia Reptilia Porifera Reptilia (Supplement) . Arrow, G.. J, PoE-S. Coleoptera, IV : Lamelli- comma —~. Bagnall, Richard > Sree ary & oe Thysanoptera Baker, E. C. Stuart. Birds ae Banks, Nathan. Neuropteroid Insects Bickhardt, H. Coleoptera, III : Histeri- dae oe ; Brunetti, E. Diptera <8 Burr, Malcolm, D.Sc., ete Dermaptera Carpenter, G. H., MR EA. Collembola .. Chandhuari; B. L., BA: Se: Fish Collinge, EXS ce MSc. Walter Ey, Terrestrial Isopoda e II d’Orchymont, A. Coleoptera, philidae Elligsen, E. Arachnida, I: Chelifera. . Bvaus, W. H., Capt., RE. Lepidoptera Ghosh, Ekendranath, EMS: Mollusca, I: dae ms Godwin-Austen, H. H., £.R. S Mollusca, Tl: Zonitidae and Helicidae (in part) Mollusca, III: Cyclo- phoridae (in part) X: Hydro- B.Sc., Rathouisii- M.Sc. : E —_—<>— Page Page Mollusca, VI: Zonitidae 547 Mollusca, VII: Cyclo- phoridae (in part) 566 Mollusca, VIII: Macro- | chlamyinae (in part) .. 581 Mollusca, IX: Zonitidae | and Helicidae 601 | Gravely, F. H., M.Sc. | Scolopendridae 69 Arachnida, I: Pedipalpi Leg Temnocephalidae 229 Coleoptera, VIII: Passa- lidae and Lucanidae .. 515 Coleoptera, IX: Tenebri- | onidae 519 Griffini, A. Orthoptera, II: Gryllac- tridae and Stenopelma- tidae 22 326 Grouvelle, A. Coleoptera, I: Rhyso- | didae, Nitidulidae, Colydiidae, Cucujidae, Passandridae, Discolo- | midae, Crytophagidae, Mycetophagidae, Dryo- pidae 300 Gude, G. K. Mollusca, IV: Helicidae. 505 Fancack Jeo E.S. Orthoptera, I: Tetriginae (Acridiinae) See OEE Henderson, J>R.;, 1726:,C 7 ., | ed Oye . Arachnida, I: Scorpiones 128 Jordan, K. Coleoptera, V-: Anthri- bidae 197 i Kemp 5.5 2A | Crustacea Decapoda 289 | Onychophora 471 | Laidlaw, F. F. | Odonata 335 Sp) - 493 | Morley, Claude, F.Z.S., E.E. S, Hymenoptera, IV: Tch- neumonidae List of Authors. x Page | Page Olivier, Ernest. | Roewer, C. Fr. Coleoptera, II: Malaco- | Arachnida, II: Opiliones 203 dermidae BE AG) | Rohwer, S. A. Paiva | Hymenoptera, III: Ten- Hymenoptera Antho- thredinidae 23 phila .. 75 | Stephenson, J , D.Sc., Major, Pic, Maurice. I.M.S. Coleoptera, VI: Une nou- Oligochaeta 365 velle espéce de Malaco- | Wheeler, William Morton. dermes des Indes 199 Hymenoptera, II: Ants Preston, H. B., F.Z.S. (Formicidae) > ee Mollusca, V .. 537 | Whitehouse, Richard ye. Robinson, Herbert Ce | M.Sc. Cpa Be Arey Freshwater Planaria aT Mammals 85 Land Planarians 455 INDEX. —<>— {N.B6.—An asterisk (*) preceding a line denotes a uew subspecies or variety; a dagger ({), a new species; are printed in italics. ] A Ablabes frenatus Tpavo porphyraceus Ablyomma testudinarium tAborichthys Tkempi Abrornis albigularis supercilliaris Acalyptrata Acanthocephala Acantholipes pansalis Acanthoptery gii Acanthosaura minor Acantholelphusa Acanthothrips sanguineus Accipitres Sie Aceraius grandis grandis hirsutus — himalay ensis Achorutes Aciagrion borneensis pallidum Acidia fossata Acisoma panorpoides Acorynus carinifrons Actinodura egertoni egertoni Acridiinae at Acromantis japonica Adiathetus glaucopterus Adoretus Aegus labilis Aetheriidae Aethopyga andersoui saturata : seheriae seheriae Aeschnidae * : Aeschninae Agamidae Agonosoma Agriocnemis yaborense incisa lacteola lunulata minima ynana yobscura ‘ pygmaea ae rubeola ee Agrion a double ({), a new genus or subgenus; synonyms Page Page | Agrioninae os 339, 341 37,47, $3. Agrotis flavirena 438 a7 Ramage | POBORe 234 37, 47, 53 eottradi 234 * 98 curtisi 234 Bh 244 ‘oberthurii 234 243, 245 orientalis fusca ee 234 ; 271 orientalis longicornis 234 as 271 vishnui ee 234 173,191 Alcippe nepalensis 263 i 98 | Alectoropodes 287 438 Allactoneura cincta 149 a) 256 Allocamptus sinuatus 324 SF LAL. 52 Allodahlia oe oe 145 i. 301 coriacea ? 146 201 seabriuscula 145 286 Allodape = Ne 83 516 Allograpta :- ne 163 515, 516 Alphitobius (Diachina) quadri- ‘ 516 maculatus a 526 515,516 Alucurus striatus 268 561 Alycaei =i 502, 503 344 Alycaeus _ 494, 502, 569, 570 344. aborensis ‘ 503 185 brahma 503 337 chanjukensis 503 197 distinctus 503 265 duoculmen 440 503 311 graphicus dihingensis 503 ’ 417 lohitensis ae Se 503 ATS, 417 luyorensis 503 144 oakesi des 503 144 oglei o¢ ois 593 Ig! panggiana 503 518 sibbumensis 593 491 | vesica : 503 259, 281 | yamneyeusis $03 281 | Alycaeus (Cycloryx) costatus .. 503 259, 281 | granum 503 ; 339. | Alycaeus (Dioryx) globulosus rae 503 339 | globulosus 503 40 urceolus as 503 157 | Alycaeus (Raptomphalus) magni- 347 | ficus 503 347 | Alyceinae 494, 599 349 | Amalopis glabripennis 2 153 347 | Amarygmus pilipes.. - 532 347 | Ambassis ranga x 244, 256 348 | Amblycephalidae .. = 50 348 | Amblycephalus monticola 37, 50, 54 346 | mangois : 243, 244, 252 348 Ammophila atripes 445 347 | Amorphoscelis | 415 343 | anuulicornis 415 Xil oe | Page Amphidromus ; 360 Amphiops gibbus 628, 629 mirabilis 623, 628, 629 mirabilis variolosus ac 628 pedestris 628, 629 *pedestris varians Ei 629 Amphipoda 449, 453 Amphithemis vacillans . 336 Ampittia maro Ampulex 443 y+aborensis 445 Amyna selenampha 438 yAmystrops montana 103 Anatidae a 288 Anax guttatus 339 Ancaria fuscinervis . 327 Andrena mollis 75 Anchurinae ay 145 Aneleus minimus .. 20 236 pygmaeus 236 sarasinorum .. ae 236 similis : 236 Angitia ae a 325 Anguidae _ a ae ks Anisodactyli af oe 284 Anisolabis “ 137 annulipes 138 gaudens 138 pervicina 137 Anisoptera 50 354 Ankylopteryx octopunctata re 354 | Anomala IQI | Anomalon ? binghami 25 decorum a0 he 325 Anomoea 185 Anseres 288 Anthomyidae 173 Anthomyinae : 171 Anthophora subcaerulea Sc 7 zonata me 78 Anthracias fairmairei 52044530) +punctipennis 529 tenuis 530 Anthribidae is 197 Anthribus macrocerus 198 Anthus trivialis : 281 trivialis maculatus 280, 281 richardi richardi 28% Anurida 562 Apachyidae 140 Apachyus 140 feae 140 Aphodiinae : 195 Aphodius chinensis 195 elegans 195 urostigma 193 Apis dorsata 80 | latipes 79 testacea 80 zonata 78, 80 Apobletes macilentus 122 planidorsum 122 tener 5. ce 122 Apodes ae we 255 Apogonia st 192 Apophua carinata 32 Appias lalage 63 Page {Aproaspidops 45, 54 yantecursorum .. 37, 46, 53 Apterygota 567 Arachnida 97, 98, 127, 203, 466 Arachnothera magna 281 Arachnotherinae 281 Arboricola rufigularis intermedia 287 rufigularis rufigularis $0 287 Archibasis oscillans ae 343 Archisometrus mucronatus oe 128 scutilus : 129 Argynnis hyperbius 63 Arhopala silhetensis 65 Artaminae 46 ie 273 Artamus fuscus 30 a6 273 Artemisia ae Aa Asarkina aegrotus . 164. salviae 164 Asilidae 157 Asilinae 157 Asilus F 157 y7Assamia aborensis | 204 sexdentata a 204 Assamiidae i £2 204 Atopos ss 22 +( Podangia) kempii = 209 sanguiolenta 216, 226 Atteva niveigutta 441 subaurata 441 Atyidae "305, 491 Austenia 360, 548, 549, 550, 554» 556 yaborense at : 548 jalba 549 gigas ae 301 resplendens 360, 361 rotunda ‘ 551 yrotungensis 360 tsiyomensis 550 tigris 548 B Baccha flavopunctata a 165 gratiosa , SE 165 Bacillus ariemis 419, 420 Bacillus (Baculum) artemis 419, 420 Bacteria baucis as 422 Badis badis 244, 256 Bactis aS 354. tBapuia 589 yrengingensis a 589 Barbus chagunio 250, 251 chola ye 243, 244,-249 hexagonolepis .. 243, 244, 249 hexastichus 243, 244, 249 kunta aie ie 250 savana 244, 250 sophore 243, 244, 250 spilopholus 244, 250 ticto 244, 251 tor 244, 251 Barytelphusa we 302 | Basitropis hamata 198 | Bathia 593 madagascariensis 593 praetumida 593 Batrachia - 7s 29, 35; 36, 37, 54,55 | Page Belone cancila 244, 256 Bensonia 596 taborensis 596, ‘600, 621 Berotha insolita 354 Bibio obscuripennis 150 Bibionidae 150 Bipalium 455 | ceres ore 462 | delicatum fee 459 | diana : 462 j7dihangense "45 52457 tgiganteum 456, 457 proserpina 462 robiginosum 439, 460 yrotungense 459 smithi ; 457 fsordidum F 459, 460 +Bithynia dibrugarhensis 540, 541 pulchella 540 Bithynis (Pavapalaemon) hendersoni 303 Blattoidea ae Se 3 Blennocampa 239 fgracilicornis 239 | tenuicornis 239 Blythia a Aba ae: reticulata a7 Ae A053 Boarmia ochrifasciata 440 Bombus buccinatoris 80 haemorrhoidalis 80 orientalis 80 stmulus 80 Barborinae na Brachydiplax sobrina 337 Brachylabinae a 139 Brachy podinae a 3H 267 Brachypteryginae .. zs 264 Brachypteryx ac 278 Brachythemis conutaminata .. 338 Brackenridgia cavernarum Si 467 Bringa remifer 270 Bufo 34 himalayanus 17210} 29, 34, 35 melanostictus .. 7, 19, 20, 34, 35 melanostictus himalayanus 19 penangensis .. Ae 32 Bufonidae ae xr 1g {Burmoniscus 465, 466, 467 ymoulmeinus ; 466 Buteo desertorum ,. 286 Byrsax excisicollis .. oe 522 *tuberculatus .. ate 522 C Caecilius ceylonicus me 351 Callophis macclellandi 375 5On'S44 357 Calobata sive Ae 186 {trifascipennis 186 Calopsilia florella 64 Calopteryginae 335, 340 Calotes jerdoni Ai. HD, Be versicolor SAM eyl Calvisia ae 423 fusco-alata 415, 423 Calyptopogon albitarsis 150 Calyptrata 170 Camponotinae 5 ts 927 237 Page Camponotus nicobarensis ‘ 237 taylori albosparsus A 237 Campoplex tyrannus z 325, Camptolynx fuscipennis “ 27, striatus - 327 Users eae Sneak notatifrons 181 Capitonidae sc 283 Capo-peripatus Se o8 483 Capricornis sumatrensis jamrachi gI sumatraensis milne-edwardsi 92 sumatraensis thar me g2 Capritermes incola . 435 ylaetus 434, 435 nemorosi ce 435 Caracolla 537 Cardanus she 518 Caridina 289, 290, 305, 300, 308, cae acutirostris ae 308 yexcavata 289, 290, 306, 308, 310 grandirostris : ot 310 thodgarti 289, 290, 308, 309, 310 nilotica os 307 weberi 231, 289, 290, 305, 306, 308 weberi sumatrensis 305, 300 tCaridinicola 231, 29 290 indica c 231 Carpophaginae : 286 Carpophilus dimidiatus 100 dimidiatus contingens ad 100 obsoletus 100 Castalius elna ae 64 rosimon a ae 64. Catapiestus indicus .. 528 | Catharsius molossus 194 Catochrysops strabo 64 Celyphinae Sc ate 184 Celyphus ? lucidus .. 184 scutatus : 184 Centropus bengalensis 286 sinensis nie 285 Cevatina flavopicta 76 hieroglyphica 76 Ceriagrion cerinorubellum 340 coromandelianum 345, 340 erubescens : 340 glabrum p 340 melanurum : 346 yolivaceum 345, 349 | Ceropalidae : 444 | Ceropria induta 525 laticollis 525 subocellata 525 Certhia discolor 270 Certhiidae 27° Cervulus muntjac 92 Cethosia biblis 63 cyane 63 Cetoniinae : 1g! Chaerilus tricostatus 131 Chaetospania feae 142 Chaptia aenea 269 Charadriidae 287 Chelifer 127 javanus 127 superbus 127 Chelisoches 143 morio 143 X1V Page }Chelisoches tigris 143 Chelisochidae 143 | Chelonia a 375 38, 54 Cheritra freja ® 65 Chibia hottentotta : 269 Chilioperipatus 484, 488, 489 Chimarrhornis leucocephalus 276 Chirixalus . 333 34 doriae Fon list Be Chironomidae : 150 Chironomus 151 Chirotonetes ae 354 Chloritis gabata merguieusis 537 Chloroclystes admixtaria 440 Chlorogomphinae 335 Choloroperla (Isoteryx) 353 7Chlorops maculipleura 188 Chloropsis hardwickii : 207 Chrysididae ee 443, 447 Chrysis durga ; 447 Chrysoconops 152 Chrysopa alcestris 355 | virgestes 355 | Chrysophlegma flavinucha 282 | Chrysopidae : 354 Chrysops ? designata TS, Chrysoloxum sexfasciatum 169 Cichlidae 491 Cidaria catenaria se 440 . Cirrhina reba 244, 249 | Cirrhochroa aoris L 63 Cissa chinensis 260 Cittocincla macrura macrura 278 Cladoctonus eggersi 7 414 Clarias assamensis 244, 252 | Clausilia 360, 601 yaborensis 618, 619 annandalei 618, 619 insignis 614, 618 10s ae ; 618 *shimangensis E 619 Clausilia (Oospira) philippiana 539 {Clausilia (Phaedusa) annandalei 538 insignis Ce oi 538 Clausiliidae 538 Cleon ve 354 Clitumnus 417, 420 ablutus 415, 417 yaboricus 415, 417 artemis seed 420 operculatus 415 _ porrectus ae 420 +Cnemocryptus epistomatus .. 326 Coeliccia ae ai 339 Tbimaculata “2 he 341 Coelostoma horni 625 orbiculare 62 stultum 62 Coenosia 173 Coleoptera 16, 99, 11g, 121, 191, 197, 199, 411, oa 519, 615, 623 Colias edusina ce a fieldii 64 Collembola 561, ‘567, 563 Coluber taeniurus 37, 48, 58 Colubridae . 45, 286 | Colubrinae ; Page Columbae a ae 286 Colydiidae Bie 99, 104 Conosia irrorata 153 Copera vittata 3 343 Copera (Psilocneniis) annulata 342 *Copera (Psilocnemis) annulata stevensi 341 *Copera (Psilocnemis) vittata | assamensis se 342, 343 vittata atomaria 343 imbricata ant 343 serapica Es 53 343 vittata as se 343 Coprinae 193 Copris magicus 194. Coptotettix mh 313 indicus Sik. ie inflatus e 313 tnullipennis SIs 3 shneie parvulus 311, SES ats ytumidus Sih hs Corbitidinae PE 244 Cordulegasterinae 335 Corduliinae B89) | Cordax IA7 | forcipatus 147 Corrodentia 351 Corvidae 260 Corvinae 260 Cotile riparia 250 sinensis 280 +Cotyloplana pilleata 463 Crabro 446 Crateropodidae 262 Jrateropodinae ae 262 | Cremastocephalus - 564, 505 Cremastogaster biroi aitkeni .. 236 rogenhoferi 236 Criniger 268 flaveolus burmanicus 267 flaveolus flaveolus oe 267 Criotettix Base Se extremus 5 311 grandis 312 ymaximus sit 311 torientalis Desi, 3302) tricarinatus 312 Crocidura fuliginosa 87 rubricosa 87 Crocisa decora 77 elegans To emarginata 77 Crocodilus palustris 38 Crocothemus servilia 337 Crustacea 4 Crustacea Amphipoda 449 Crustacea Decapoda 2s 289 Cryptaustenia Ss, . - 360, 548 bicolor 548 Cryptogirasia -558, 559 rubra : 559 Cry ptogirasiae c 558 Cryptolopha affinis 270 jerdoni aie 259 xanthoschista jerdoni 270, 271 xanthoschista xanthoschista 270 Cryptoperla 354 45 Page +Cryptoperla divergens 353 Cryptophagidae OOM 2 Cryptopinae : 69 Cryptops 69 doriae 69 Cryptus 328 filicornis 328 himalayensts oe 328 Cubaris . 465, 543 teaeruleus ee 467 yfragilis 468 +marmoratus 545 y+robusta Ee 468 Cucnjidae Es 2). Her Cucujus § 107 tkempi 107 Cuculidae 285 Culcicapa ceylonensis 274 Culicidae a 152 *Cuniculina ..418, 420 tperfida 415,419, 420 trotungina A415, 418 detrectans Ate 419 Curvella 615 sikkimensis 615 sulcata O15 Cutia nepalensis 266 Oyaniris dilecta 64 limbata placida 64 transpecta 64 Cyanops 259 asiatica asiatica 283 asiatica rubescens 284 franklini franklini 284 franklini ramsayi oe 284 Cyclophoridae 493, 540, 569 Cyclophorinae 493, 569, 570 Cyclophorus . 493, 569, 577: 585 yaborensis as 494 yoakesi 502 7+Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) koboensis F 218 495 +(Glossostylus) bapuensis 494 +(Glossostylus) sidiensis .. 494, 495 Cyclopodia horsfieldii may LOS Cycloryx 494, 503, 569 Cyclostomacea 5 bf Sve Cynthia erota ; : 3 Cyornis perms us ve 274 | Cyphoderini 363, 566 t{Cyphoderopsis sé 506 jkempi 566, 567 Cyphoderus 561, 506 simulans : 563, 566 Cyprinidae ee 325) 24d 250 Cyprininae : an 247 Cyrestis thyodamas 62 D Dactylosternum hydrophiliodes 625 Danais aglea melanoides 61 melaneus 61 piexippus a 61 Danio aequipinnatus 243, 244, 252 Dasy pogoninae ate 157 Decapoda 290 SV to) Delias aglaia 63 Dendrocitta frontalis AC 261 | Dendrocopus macii atrotus 283 macii macii 283 Dendrophis gorei 37, 48, 53 pictus 48 Dercas virhueli doubledayi 63 Dermaptera 35 35 Derosphaerus (?) Encyalesthus impresus 528 + Derosphaerus rugosus on 528 Desmogaster a BOOs B07, Diaparsis Be 326 caudata - 320 }Diaphanes simulator 119 | Diastrammena unicolor 329 | Dichraeosis bacillus 520 capucinus 520 Dicronomyia marmoripennis 152 saltans 152 Dicruridae ate Be 269 +Dietysus filicornis RBZ beSn OS4: flatifrons a3 534. +nodicornis AG3 3h 534: {Dihangia : 552 +koboensis Anan GIGS Dilemera arctata 437 Dioctes apostata 325 Diopsinae 184 Diopsis indica . se 184 Dioryx - 494, 503, 569, 570 | {Diphyllus molestus ie 114 yodiosus ate re Diplacodes nebulosa 337 trivialis 337 Dipiatyinae 135 Diplatys : 135 | Diplommatina -494, 569 yacutulus SET On Sin exilis : SAT ymiriensis 576, 577 ymucronatus 576 {perobesa 5375 540, 541, 576 Diplommatininae 494; 569, 576 Diploptera Ac . 443, 446 Dipsadomorphinae 49 Dipsadomorphus Boe 37, 49, 51 | Dipsas gokool é 49 Diptera 149 Diptera Pupipara 97 Discognathus ss 247 lamta aie 32, 243, 247 lamta nasutus .. ae 247 Discolomidae LOO s est Dolichoderinae : 237 Dolichopidge 157 2 | Dorylinae aS 233 Dorylus (Alaopone) orientalis 233, 234 +(Alaopone) vishnui 233 Draco - At 54 blantordii 4! maculatus Be 40, Al, 52 norvillii 4I Drawida 305, "366, 367 +decourcyi 368, 373 grandis . 375 fkempi 366, 308, 376 XVI Page Drawida pellucida 366, 368, 369, 372, mS pellucida bournei an 369 *pellucida stewarti 368, 369, 372 +rotungana 368, 372 Dremomys a 90 lokriah -- 90, 96 pernyi ; 85, 90, 96 +Drepanephora multimaculata 180 Drosophila Ate 190 Drymochares 278 Dryonastes ruficollis > 262 Dryophis prasinus 37. 50, 54 +Dryopidius montanus # 116 Dryopidae age 56 CO)5 Wis +Dryops monticola : ILS Ducula insignis griseicapilla 287 insignis insignis 286 Durgella 360, 555 taborense 555 assamica 555 christianoe 555 dekhanensis 555 levicula a ie 556 rogersi Nees 555 Durgellinae 360, 555, 559 Dynastinae = 192 Dysantes elongatus 523 Dytiscidae 4 B Ecacanthothripidae 201 Ecacanthothrips 201 sanguineus 55 201 Echinorhynchus gigas 98 Echinosoma ‘ 136 sumatranum aS 130 {chinosomatinae .. ste 136 Elapinae 50 Elaunon 146 bipartitus 146 Elis annulata 444 iris 444 Empriinae 239 Emydosauria 37, 38 Encyalesthus exularis 527, 528 jstevensi sc oc 527 Endomychidae ee oe 3 Endoplon as 512 Entoimobryidae 561, 563 Entomobryinae : 563 Entomobryini 563, 566 Entozoa 98 Eoperipatus 471, 475, 476, 477,478, 479; 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 489, 490, : 491, 492 horsti Ws 478 weldoni 484 Eparchus 146 insignis 146 EH pedaninae 206 | Ephemera 354 Ephemeridae Agi, Sy Hphestia cantella 440 Epierus 124 | abrogatus 124 amandus 124 | Page Eypierus crenulatus . 124 foederatus 124 monticola 2A SEIe nemoralis 124 planiceps Ao 124 punctulipennis . 124 purus BO 0 124 rufescens : 124 rusticus an 66 124 simplex 124 sylvanus 124 Epimys rattus go, 96 tEpiphragma kempi 155 {Epipsocus conspersus 351 costalis 352 Epirhyssa flavobalteata 323 Eristalis 5 169 Ethmostigmus 72 pygomegas 72 Euborellia ney, faborensis 137 Eucorymus crassicornis 198 Eucyrtus splendens 532 Eudermaptera 2 140 Eulota 602, 613 Eulotella similaris : 602 Eumelia rosalia 440 Eunienes arcuata 446 Eumenidae 446 Euparatettix 315 parvus ste BH SUS tenuis SI ty) 25) Eupatorus hardwickei cantori .. 192 Euploea diocletianus 61 tEupomatias 569, 579 yoakesi 579, 580 ysibbumensis : 579 Euponera (Brachyponera) nigrita 233 Eurypus ake 592 caseus 592 similis 592 Eurytrachelus itz Eutermes ceylonicus 431 fletcheri 431 +moratus 431 yroboratus 430 Eutochia lateralis x 526 Eutyphoeus af 365, 306 yaborianus de 308, 406 +kempi O:6 368, 401 ;+koboensis 368, 404, 406, 407 magnus 3 368, Be Exostoma davidi 243, 244, 2 labiatum 243, 244, ge F Falconidae 286 Falconinae 286 Fenenias albomaculatus 327 erythropus 327 Ferussacidae 539 Forcipula 40 ere 139 pugnax 139 Forficulidae 145 Forficulinae 149 +Formicaleon bivittatum 355 Page Grammatoptila striata austeni 262, 263 Grandala ae 278 Graptomyza brevirostris 5 167 ventralis Se oes 167 *ventralis nigripes ac 167 Graucalus layardi .. ae 272, macii macii a a 272 Gryllacridae ae Re 329 Gryllacris genuali .. BY 330 fgravelyi F ois 329 Gymnodactylus himalayicus ss 36 khasiensis sic 3758 sOe SL Gymnopleurus assamensis oe 193 sinuatus 5 ae 193 Gynacantha ee as 340 hyalina 5¢ ab 340 khasiaca : 339, 340 khasiaca nigripes Sc 340 H Habropoda fulvipes.. ae 78 Haemaphysalis ye ie 98 bispinosa 6 ie 98 gigas . a 98 koeningsber neri fe 97 Haematospiza indica Se 279 Halictus Be a 75 OS funebris ar a 75 pulchriventris .. is 75 rufo-zonatus .. Ae 75 | Hainaxas os 50 144 dohertyi st Be 145 feae He = 145 +kempi ae Ea 144 nigrorufa ae ee 145 semiluteus e 3 145 | Hapalus Be 601, 615 Haptoncus ocularis .. ae 100 tetragonus a sd 100 Harpactes : as 260 erythrocephalus bz 285 | Hebomoia glaucippe “8 64 Hectarthrum trigeminum a Te Hedycryptus filicornis ae 328 Helicarion gigas Ae i 558 helenae xc ae 592 idae oe 592 Helecarioninae 3 360, 548 » 558 Helicidae 359, 360, 493, 505, 537, 569, 602, 604 Helix cs 22537); OL3 catostoma = OOl Ol2-On2,, OF7, damsangensis .. 610, 614 huttoni 603, 604, 605, 606, 608, 613 huttont vadleyi .. Pe 609 mergurensts ced ~ 537 orbicula 605, 606 (Plectotropis) huttoni sc 607 Helochares F 627 Helochares (Hy drobaticus) lentus 626 jkempi te 626 minutissimus .. 627, 628 Hemerobiidae ae ue ae Hemicordulia asiatica P 39 Heimidactylus bowringii 37; So SI Page | Formicidae 233 Fossores 443 Fringillidae 271 Fringillinae : 279 Friona curvicarinata 327 +didymata 328 tufipes 328 varlipes 328 Fruticola 606 G Gagrella feae A 203 feae-humeralis .. 203 lepida 203 Gagrellinae 203 Gallinae 3 287 Gallus ferrugineus .. 287 tGalongia — 553 jkempi 553 Gammaridea 453 Garrulax leucolophus belangeri. 262 leucolophus leuco!ophus 262 moniliger 262 Gastropoda ae ae 537 Gavialis gangeticus .. 2738 5) Sil Gecarcinucinae 291, 302 Gecinulus grantia 282 Gecinus chlorolophus 282 Geckonidae 39 Gelsana 543 Geoemyda 54 Geoplanidae S- fe 462 Geotelphusa =n 2305) 200; 12955, gor Geranomyia notatipennis Ae 152 Girasia 360, 550, 351 554, 556, 557, 558 cacharica : 551, 552 ygladstonei ae 552 hookeri ee BSL soss 550 +maculosa i 551 rubra 558 rubrum 558 Girasia (Ibycus) sikimensis “ie 552 Glessula -- 359, 360. 585 601 yaborensis ok Ae 618 botellus -- 539, 616, 617, 618 foakesi se 615, 616, 617 ochracea uy 616, 517 orophila 616 Globitelphusa : 16, fuse 33; 34 assamelrsis 35 horridus an F 25 tuberculatus Go WO; UG) 27. 20, 33 Ixodes acutitarsis 98 angustus 97 | gigas a gs Ixodidae ae 97, 98 Ixulus flavicoljis ae 266 | occipitalis 266 J Japalura ==) 5ash5 andersoniana 52), Sos 504 {+ bengalensis 57, 58 planidorsata 55; 58 variegata 55-58 yunnanensis 57 Junonia iphita 62 K Kachuga 38 intermedia ay 38 tectum 37, 38, 51 Kallima inachus she 62 Kalocrania aS picta 136 siamensis ; 135 Khasiella 359, 593 7dinoensis 590, 593 Kolbea punctata 352 Kosmetor 146 brahma 4 146 Labeo angra -244, 249 dyochilus 244, 249 gonius c 244 Page Page Labia 142 | Lepus go neice 142 peguensis gI mucronata 142 | ruficaudatus rele) Labiduridae 137.| Lethe chandica bs 61 Labidurinae 139 Leuctra indica aye Re 353 Labiidae 140 | Libellulidae 336 Labiinae 142. Ljbellulinae : 330 Labus humbertianus | 440 | Libnotes fuscinervis 153 Lacertidae 2 punctipennis 153 Lacertilia : 37, 39 | Limicolae 287 Lachesis gramineus .. 51 | Liminites procris as 62 monticola 50 Limnaea (Limnaea) acuminata 539 Lachnosterna 192 | Limnaeidae ‘ 539 serricollis 192 | Limnebius 626 sikkimensis 192 +Limnophila claripennis 153 T,aemophloeus proximus 110 tquartarius 154 ysemilaetaneus . 108 fLimnophora kempi BE 172 fsubturcicus ; 109 j+Limnosiua magna 173, 174 Lagocheilus 494, 569 subtinctipennis eee 174 jdaflaensis 574, 575 | Lioptila annecteus .. ae 265 joakesi 574 pulchella “e 7 265 ysikhimensis 574, 575 | Liopygus famelicus .. Be 122 tomotrema 575 | Liothrix lutea 266 Lamellicornia 191 Liotrichinae 266 I,ampides bochus 64 Liris aurata 444 elpis 64 ducalis 445 pura 5 Lispa? pallitarsis i72., Ue ampito 389 |) « Litargus ae ~ TkG ‘amprophorus 143 Lithurgus dentipes .. Mz 76 kervillei ; 143 Litocerus khasianus de 197 Landouria 604, 611 paviei ne a 197 ; taborensis : 605, 611, 614 | Lonchaea 179 tdamsangensis ..605, 607, 609, 61 ity aenea aes ae 179 614 y+montana fs 178, 179 dawnaensis : oe 614 | Lopaphus baucis 422 thengdanensis 605, 608, 609, 610, | Loxura atymnus Ba 65 611, 614 | Lucanidae a GIS STE huttoni 605, 606, 614 | Lucilia oe Pi 171 radleyi 2 GO5), ee, 610, 614 | Lumbricidae es pe 367 Laniatores ; 204 | Luxiaria contigaria .. 439 Laniidae 271 | Lycaenesthes emolus s 64. Lanius tephronotus. . 271 | tlLychas gravelyi 129, 130 Lariscus 90 mucronatus 128 Lauxania 176 rugosus £30 {flavicornis 179 | scutilus ae 129 Lea arcuata is 149 | Ly gosoma albopunctatum af 52 ee ace phalichrthas guntea 243, 247 yeourcyanum 37, 43, 52 lepidocyrtus i, 563 | indicum Ea ee Fcaudatus 563 zebratum 43 impetialis 563 | Lygosoma (Hinulia) cacharense 43 maximus 563 | Lyprops curticollis .. py 532 pictus a 563 | Lyriothemis acigastra nt 336 Lepidoptera 61, 437 Leptaulax : 517 M bicolor 515 U7: cyclotaenius ic 517 | Mabuia macularia .. 37, 43, SI cyclotaenius himalayae 515, 517 | Macaca assamensis .. sit 85 dentatus tis pe ae, rhesus se Be 85 roepstorfi rc ets 517 | Macaria emersaria 439 Leptocircus curius 63 | +Macrobunus aborensis 206 Leptogenys (Lobopetta) assamen- tlongipes ne 205 sis Ee 233 | singularis 205, 206 Leptogomphus 340 | Macrochlamyinae 359, 581, 588 Leptoscopha 516 | Macrochlamys 359, 363, 547, 581, 584, lignicola 531 Pe 586, 588, 590, 592 tpulchra "530, 531 yalbulus Fe 587 spissicornis eyo Gist }+bapuensis 583, 584 xix 62 | | Molpastes haemorrhous bengal- Page Macrochlamys beata 590 +burkilli 586 causia 582 chaos 582 consepta : ye 581 +hardwickei ot 582, 583 hardwickei politulus 582 hippocastaneum 584 hypoleuca : 582 indica ae 582, 5&3 yluyorensis 587 +murdochi 587 nebulosa 582 notha 582 noxia 582 Tpsittacinus a 584 trotungensis 584, 586, 589 rotungensis var.. ce 585 salweenensis 582 ftshimangensis .. 584 Macrolinus 5.0 516 sikkimensis GUGq Bile Macromeris : A44 honesta 444 Macrones affinis Ae 253 y;merianiensis 244, 253 fmontanus dibrugarensis 244, 254 tengara 244, 255 vittatus 244, 255 Macronota nigricollis : IgI Macropeza 7 150 gibbosa 150 javanenis 150 Macrura 4 Malacodermidae 119 Mantidae AT5 Mantis avidifolia 416 chloveude a ae 416 Mantis (Mantis) maculata 416 sevvillet ac 416 Mazarredia aptera ss 314 | Mecocerus allectus maculatus .. 197 Medaura austeni : 422 Megalaema ‘250, 260 marshallorum marshallorum 283 Megaloplirys 16, 20, 21, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34 hasseltii Ae 2 heteropus ZO 20) tkempi 7, 20, 29, 34 major 7, 16, 29, 34 | montana 28, 29, 30 patva 29, 31, 32 Megascolecidae 367 Megascolides 365, 366, 367 | yoneilli 368, 377 Megauchenia angustata 5 100 | quadricollis 100 | Melanitis leda ismene 52 phedima bela Melanochlora sultanea 267 Melanopa atrata 203 varians 203 Melanostoma mellinum 164 crientalis 164 scalare 164 univittatum 164 | Melcha maculiceps . 327 | Page Melittophagus swinhoei 284 Melolontha argus 191 flabellata 192 guittifera 192 indica 192 Melolonthinae 192 y+Menephilus aborensis 529 rmedius 52 Menexenus ae 421 jrotunginus AT Spero semiarmatus os 422 Meranophus bicolor 237 Merganser castor 288 | Merginae ie 288 Meroniyza 56 188 Meropes 284 Meropidae eG 284 Merula atrogularis 278, 279 ruficollis 278, 279 Mesarmadillo 543, 544 Mesogramnia 50 oe 163 | Mesoperipatus . 486, 489, 496, 492 Mesostenoideus albomaculatus. . AD erythropus Bo | Metapodontus impressus 517 tMetathyreotus ae 206 yaborensis 206, 267 tkempi 207 Metisolabis 139 caudelli 139 Metopius rufus aKs 324 | Micrixalus Jpme ici Sil Ge borealis 7.5 TOyah2 20.088 | +Microchrysa albitarsis ae 156 Microcichla scouleri 276 | Microgaster luteus .. 323 | Micropezinae 186 | Microserica 193 jvitidicollis 192 {tMikiria “hs OI rdiyungensis 611, 612, 614 Miltochrista perpallida 4377, undulosa : : 438 tMinyongia 556, 559 Tkempi 556, 559 +Mixogaster vespiformis i 169 209, 359, 493, 5905, 5372 547; 569, 581, 601 Mollusea ensis 268 haemorrhous burmanicus A 268 Moniligaster 410 grandis : 410 Moniligastridae 366, 367 Monticola 279 +Moringua hodgarti. . 244, 255 Moringuidae ae Se 255 Motacilla alba 280 alba ocularis 280 | Motacillidae 280 | Muridae 03; 94, 96 Mus vattus 90 Musca domestica 171 Muscicapidae ois 27 Muscicapula maculata 87 Muscidae 170 Muscidae verae 170 Muscinae Mustela flavigula flavigula flavigula Pa’ Mutilla blanda cassiope Mutillidae Mycalesis meda Sc perseoides khasia visala Mycetophagidae Mycetophilidae Myiophoneus temminckii eugenii temminckii temminckii Myophoneus Myopopone castanea maculata Myrmemorpha Myrmicinae Myronides baucis +dawnanus Myxostoma N Nacaduba bhutea nora noreia Nala nepalensis Nandidae Nandus nandus Nannophya A naa Naxa textilis : Neanias jacobsoni ykempi pupulum Neanura muscorum pudibunda Neanurinae Nectariniidae Nectariniinae Nemachilichthys Nemachilus rupicola Nemorhaedus bubalinus Nemoura Neoperla Neopithecops zalmora Neptis hordonia hylas varmona soma Nerius annulipes yobscurus oH tibialis : Neurobasis sinensis. . Neuroptera Neurothemis fulvia intermedia intermedia degener tullia at Nicoria tricarinata .. Niltava macgrigoriae sundara a Nitidulidae oe | Nodaria externalis . innocens fs | Nomia aurifrons terminata Nomioides Notodeia Notogonia Notoscolex }stewarti : striata ae striatus Nuria danrica | Nyctemera coleta varians : Nycticejus ornatus . ae O Odonata Odontomachus monticola Odontotermes assamensis feae Tgravelyi microdens Odynerus fragilis icaroides ec Oecophylla smaragdina y+Oedematopsis aborensis apollos : ops Oegista Oligochaeta Oligedon erythrorachis Oncopodidae Oniticellus vertagus Onitis philemon Onthophagus luzonicus tarandus jtriceratops _ Onychargia vittigera Onychophora the 473, Ooperipatus Opeas Ophidia Ophiocephalidae Ophilocephalus eas gracilis Ophyra anthrax caerula Opiliones Opisthocosmiinae Opisthopatus blainvillei cinctipes Orchestia parvispinosa Orchestoidea ye yOreinus molesworthi plagiostomus richardsoni sinuatus Oriolidae Oriolus melanocephalus trailii - Oromothrips sanguineus 444 365, 306, 397 366, 368, 382 one 383 365, 3€8, 380 244. 251 437 437 87 4, 335, 336 233 428 428 428, 430 428, 429 428 446 446 237 324 324 324 ai 613 365, 410 37> 48, 53 207 194 194 195 195 194 195 343 487, 488, 490 483, 488 360, 615 37> 44 50 256 244, 256 37+ 42, 52, 357 oe 172 Lt 203 146 ac 484 484, 488 ore 488 451, 452 449, 451, 453 as 451 244, 247 243, 244, 247 243, 244, 247 243, 244, 247 Ac 273 273 273 201 Orthetrum glaucum pruniosum neglectum sabina eee triangulare Orthoptera Orthotomus sutorius Oscinella Oscininae Oscinis obscuripes Osphromenidae Osphromenus nobilis olfax 5 Ostariophysi Se Otocompsa emeria emeria flaviventris Otostigminae Otostigmus +“burn-murdochi insularis rugulosus scaber Oxytes yaborensis blanfordi cycloplax roglei oglei var. oslei oxytes pollux shanensis +siyomensis Pp 244, ios) wn Ke) Pachycondyla (Ectomomyrmex) astuta : javana materna Pachylophus rufescens Palaemon dayanus 56 hendersoni 289, 200, dersoni Palaemonidae Palaeornis fasciatus. . Palpatores Palpopleura sexmaculata Paludestrinidae Paludina Paludomus yrotungensis Pandanus Pandarus odoratissimus Pangshura cochinchinensis Pantoporia zeroca Papilio helenus mennon agenor.. paris philoxenus polyeuctes polytes romulus protenor euprotenor Paradoxornithinae .. Paragus rufiventris . serratus 188, 4, 303, 304, Palaemon (Parapalaemon ?) hen- CO © MmW Ww at i mw OO sw WWW He ed bd fe) 157 158 Page Paraliris faceta oh 445 Paraperipatus 486, 488. 489 +Paraphytus hindu .. Eee gh, idol ritsemae Bi 194 Paratelphusa 302 Paratelphusa (Bary telphusa) feae 301 harpax : 289, 302 Pavatenodera ye 416 {Parepierus Ss 124 amandus L242 - Fceorticicola 124, 125 Pareronia avator ; 64 Parinae 261 Parmarion ? rubrum. 557, 558 Paromalus pardali 125 tcibodae 125 vermiculatus 125 Paronela a 561 Paronella 563, 564 borneri é 566 ycrassicornis 564 dahlii 566 felongata 565 tflava : ait 565 Paronellini 563, 564, 565, 566 Parorchestia a 451 Parus 261 major xa 261 major atriceps .. 261 major cinereus .. 261 Passalidae May otis Passandridae FOG GUL ta Passer rutilans , 280 rutilans cinnamomea 280 debilis 280 Passeres 260 Pectinibranchia 539 Pedipalpi 127, 128 7Pelitnus aborensis . 207 annulipes 207 Pellorneum mandellii 263 mandellii minus 263 Pelmatoplana aurantia 462 sondaica 463 Pelobatidae 4, 20, 28 Percesoces 256 Perciformes 256 Pericrocotus fraterculus 272 solaris Z 272 speciosus 271, 272 Perionyx _ 368, 366, 389, 398 y+aborensis he 308, 392 yannulatus 54 308, 372, 386 arboricola 4 305 tdepressus + 305, 368, 3775 394 excavatus 368, 386, 399 yfoveatus 368, 396 ykempi a 368, 389, 399 tkoboensis -- 368, 389, 391, 390, 399 sansibaricus 392 Peripatidae 472 Peripatoides 483, 486, 488, 489, "490, 491, 492 novae zealandiae 478, 487 Peripatopsis 484, 489 cinctipes 483 XX Page Page Peripatus 471, 472, 473, 474, 476, 478, | Platysoma confucii 123 481, 483, 486, 488, 489, 5 a Bent 492 ycrassuml 12 ceramensis 488 | silvestre : 12 edwardsii 483 | (Platylister) cambodjensis [22 sedgwicki 483 | dissimile 122 Perlidae 353 | tkempi 123 Petaurista magnificus 88 | marseult 122 Petrophila 259, 279 | odiosum 122 erythrogaster 279 | Pleciomyia melanaspis 150 solitarius pandoo 279 | Plecoptesa 353 Phalangidae 203 | Plectopylis 360, 493, 505, 508, 512 Phalangodidae 206 | brachyplecta 512 Phasianidae 287 brahma 509, SI! Phasinidae or 5, 417 emigrans 513 + Pheidologeton (Aneleus) abor- | fruhstorferi lis ensis ae 234, 236 | hirasei ant 513 Pheretima 365, 366, 367 macromphalus .. 507 anomala ¥6 366 muspratti 508 heterochaeta 365, 368, 399 oglei ; pe lignicola 366, 368, 399 pinacis 500, 508 Philaematomyia insignis : 171 plectostoma 507, 509 Philopotamus a 355 pulvinaris se 513 Philoscia 455. 466 : sowerbyi 507, 509 coeca _ 465 | vulvivaga : 602 Phloeopemon acuticorne 198 +(Chersaecia) bedfordi 510 Phoenicophainae 285 + williamsoni 509 Phricotelphusa 291 +(Endoplon) aborensis SIT Phrynoderma 34 +(Endothyra) gregorsoni 506 asperum 3% 18 | tmiriensis .. 507, 508 +moloch Fi hoy Zia h 205 134: toakesi ts 505 Phyllium S AI7 +(Sinicola) babbagei ine ite celebicum 415, 417 | Plectotropis 360, 601, 602, 606, 613 Phymatocerinae 240 akoutongensis .. oc 602 Pici 282 austeni 537. 530, olf Picidae 282 catostoma 602 Picinae 282 | clarus 602 Picumninae 283 | emensus 602 Pieris canidia : 63 | grumulus ae 602 Piletocera aegimiusalis 440 huttoni 601, 602 Pipistrellus abramus 87 huttoni savadiensis 602 Pitta 259 mitanensis 602 nepalensis nepalensis 282 oldhami 602 Pittidae 282 orbicula 602 Placocephalus superbus 460, 462 | pudica 602 Plagiolepis ae a 237 | radleyi 601 Plagiopholis P 45, 54 rotatoria 602 Planaria 317, 319 sumatrana te 602 yaborensis 317 tapeina 602, 612 tkempi : 319, 320 | Plilona dunlopi 18¢ dt itentaéulnts’ Se 317 | Ploceidae 279 venusta 318 | Plusia orichalcea , 438 vitta 318 | FPiutellus 365, 366, 367 Planispira 360 yaborensis 368. 384 delibrata fasciata 360 | Poduridae 561 Planorbis exustus 539 | Polistes hebraeus 447 (Gyraulus) himalayanus 539 | Polybia indica 446 Platanista gangetica 38 orientalis ay 446 Platycnemis 341 | Polydontophis collaris 37 AOR +Platydema alticornis o2 Polyommatus boeticus 38 65 anuamitum : 524 | Polypedates afghana 9 yauremaculata .. $23, 524 | Polyrhachis dives 237 subfascia : 524 halidayi 237 Platylister 123 laevissima 237 Platypodidae A13 mayri 237 Platyptilia taproban: as 441 striatorugosa 237 Platypus 4i4 tibialis 237 feupulifer 413 | Pomatias 404, ‘569, 580 XXiv Page Pomatiasinae 494, 569, 577 | Pomatorhinus ferruginosus ee 263 Pompilidae = 444 Pompilus 444 Ponera confinis 233 confinis wroughtoni 233 Ponerinae she 233 Porcellionides pruninosus 50 465 | Porifera hes 67 Poritia hewitsoni tavoyana ots 65 Potamiscus 230, 289, 290, 291, 296 | Potamon 229, 230, 290, 291, 207 | adiatretum ae 229 andersonianum Poo 229 | annandalei 291, 294 | manii 229 | pealinum 293 | sikkimense 201, "202, 294, 295, 296, | 297 | superciliosum 220 | tumidum 50 291 (Acanthotelphusa) feae 289, 301, 302 | (Geotelphusa) adiatretum 289, 298, 299, 300, 301 *var. lophocarpus 289, 299, 301 ysuperciliosum 289, 300, 301 | {(Potamiscus) aborense 289, 292, 294, 295, 296, 297 annandalei. . : 293 fdecourcyi 289, 291, 292, 293, 394 | yobliteratum 289, 292, 204, | 295, 296, 297 | Potamonidae 290, 291 | Potamoninae - 290, 291 Pratincola maura .. a 276 torquata przewalskii 276 Presbytes ake : 85 entellus D6 56 85 schistaceus 85 +Pria diluticollis 102 y;mirmidon 55 IOI } Prisma aborense 209, 222 Pristomyrmex brevispinosus 237 Prodenia littoralis 438 Prosobranchia 493 Prosopis 83 Protaetia fusca IQ: inanis a IQI inanis cuprea .. 36 IQI Protanura 56 561, 562 citronella 562 kraepelini 562 spinifera 562 Protodermaptera 135 Psalinae 137 Psalis 138 dhorni 138 femoralis 5 ‘ 138 Psammodynastes pulverulentus 375 50; 54 Psenulus 446 pulcherrimus 446 Pseudagenia 444 tincta 444 Pseudagrion 344 | Page Pseudaustenia ater.. 56 592 Pseudecheneis 32 sulcatus 2435 244, re Pseudergolis wedah. . | Pseudeutropius atherinoides "onan Me garua ; 244, 255 _ Pseudoblaps javana : 520 | ?Pseudokaliella annandalei 596 nevilli os ae 597 | fsadiyaensis .. 597 | Pseudomantis haanii 416 maculata 416 Pseudominea castaneiceps a5 264 Pseudopomatias 569, 577, 579 grandis : ws 578 himalayae ie ote 578 tluyorensis 578 pleurophorus 578 tsiyomensis 578 Pseudoxenodon : 54 macrops 37. 42%, a2 Psila kempi Psilinae ee Psilopus Loy Psittaci 286 Psittacidae 286 Psocidae 351 7 Psocus nirvanus 352 + Psychoda notatipennis 151 Psychodidae 151 Pterocyclos 494, 499, $02, 569, 570 yaborensis ae 498 +brahmakundensis 499 magnus 500 ftmiriensis 498, 500 jspiramentum . 498, 500 Pteromys magnificus 88 Pteropus giganteus leucocephalus 81, 97 leucocephalus 87 medius 87, 90 Pterutheus melanotis we 267 Ptyctolaemus Ge Zit Gl gularis 37, 39; 41, 52 Pulmonata 537 Pupina 573 Pupipara 190 Pygidicranidae 135 Pygidicraninae : 135 Pygoplus trifasciatus 205 Pyrellia violacea 170 Pyrocoelia lampyroides 119 Pyrrhopicus pyrrhotes 283 R Rahula 599, 603 yaborensis 597, 598, 599 +burrailensis iis 598 dihingensis 597, 598 +koboensis - 598, 599, 600, 621 munipurensis ts 599 Rana LCA Se afghana 795 215 24, 31, 32, 33 alticola Up en Oh Bilis Dep. S65 3S blanfordii Ae 8 cyanophlyctis 2 325.85 Page Rana erythraea a 9 ygerbillus 7, BLO 33 granulosa Fin lO)s Iisa SiS) jerboa oe latopalmata ate liebigii SoU Zornes 2a|| limnocharis Fe Sv 29 50 338 tenasserimensis Ao NO ppalnt tigrina 7, 8, 32, 35 | tytleri an 9 Ranidae me As 7» 215, 32 Rapala schistacea . é 65 Raparna digramma is 438 Raphaulus 494, 569, 570 faborensis oe 572, 573 assamicus 541 assamica ‘370, 571 blanfordi 573, 574 foakesi - ae 572 fshimangensis .. G25 We Tyamneyensis = 571 Raptomphalus 502, §03, 569 Rasbora daniconia .. a 252 rasbora oe 252 *rasbora kobonensis 244, 251 Rathouisiidae ig 209 Ratufa gigantea 88, 93 macruroides 88 melanopepla 88 Reptilia Say: S57 Rhacophorus LOW 7 033 bimaculatus Fixeli2in 33 leucomystax 14, 24 | maculatus Ty 2, 245 25 maculatus himalayensis 7, 14, 24, 33 maculatus leucomystax .. 14. maximus 75 12033 +microdiscus fas, Weekes BYE y;naso TOO me N33 veinwaratit s 24 tuberculatus PAs 33. Rhamphidia 153 Rhaphedophora brunneri 329 Rhingia binotata 166 sexmaculata XXV IO | 5: 166 Rhinocypha quadrimaculata .. 341 Rhinia limbipennis .. 5 170 Rhinopalpa polynice ‘birmana. =e 62 Rhinosciurus : 90 Rhipidura albicollis 260 albicollis albicollis 276 *albicollis kempi 275, 276 Rhopalocampta benjaminii 65 Rhopodytes 260, 283 tristis : 285 Rhyacornis fuliginosus 277 Rhynchium argentatum 446 Rhynchomyia 170 Rkynchophora 3 Rhynchota 15 Rhyothemis 383 curiosa 338, 339 fulgeus 3390 obsolescens 339 plutonia 338 pygmaea 339 Rhyothemis variegata Rhysida ot cuptea immarginata nuda petersi stuhlmanni | |Rhysodes alticola s intrusus longiceps Rhysodidae Rioxa tRotungia twilliamsoni tRotungus Tpictus Ruteiinae Ruticilla aurorea leucoptera frontalis S Saccobranchus fossilis | Saedjahus Salea austeniana Salius praestabilis Sapromyza histrio Sapromyzinae Saprosites marchionalis Sarama kala tkempi Sarcophaga Sarika concepta consepta Sasia ochracea Saturnia pyretorum Sauris abortivata lineosa Scaeorhynchus ruficeps ruficeps Scelimena india Sceliphron madraspatanam +Schedorhinotermes magnificus 425 » 426 malaccensis : Schizopygopsis stoliczkae Sciara orientalis Scincidae Sciomyza focellata quinquevittata . fseptemlineata strigata trypetoptera Sciomyzinae Sciuridae Sciuropterus alboniger | Sciurus atrodorsalis bicolor enetaneaventtis. castaneoventris gy iseopectus. . erythraeus "590, 591 244, 255 359, 363 » 359, 362, 581, 591 614, 618 , 176, 178 Page 338 71 72 71 71 72 72 99 100 100 99 185 590 543 544 591 277 277 543 34, 54 52 tt 176 176 178 196 362, 363 170 582 537 283 437 440 440 261 Sui, RUZ 311 445 426 249 149 149 43 176 176 176 178 176 176 98; 94, 9° Page | 88 | Sciurus erythraeus erythrogaster erythraeus intermedius evythvogaster giganteus govdont parenmedia griseopectus locria lokviah macclellandi barbei 89, 93, macclellandi manipurensis . . macclellandi novemlineatus macclellandi typicus pernyt he steveusi Scleron ferrugineum Scolia floridula kirbyi sikkimensis Scoliidae Scolopendra +mazleii morsitans Scolopendridae Scolopendrinae Scombresocidae Scorpiops binghami . longimanus montanus Selandriinae Seopsis Sepsinae Sepsis bicolor coprophila indica viduata Serica Sericomyia feristalioides Serranidae +Sesara globosa Setenis crenatostriata dentipes indosinica tkempi laevis Sibia picaoides Sibiinae Silsila fulvipes Siluridae Silvanus lateritius Sima rufonigra we Simotes albocinctus. . juglandifer Simplicia niphona Simuliidae Simulium indicum Sinicola Siphia albicilla parva Sirella Sitta cinnamoneoy rentris neglecta XXvi 94, | 85. $9, ae 598, 204, 520 443 443 443 443 443 72 72 Page Sittidae Rs zie 269 Siva cyanuroptera .. “I 266 Sivella i 360, 585 castra . 603, 604 *castra kobonensis at 604 Solenosoma ees Pe 145 birmanum on ae 145 Sorex fuliginosus .. un 87 Speculitermes cyclops Se 431 | Sphaerophoria scutellaris ah 104 | Sphecodes mS Sis RS Sphegidae : D6 444 +Sphegina tristriata. ne 165 Spheniscomyia sexmaculata .. 185 Sphex umbrosus Be 28 445 Spilogaster 1s Spiraculum 359, 494, ‘Hoa. 500, “501, 502, 569. 570, 581 andersoni we ae SOI tkempi ate 496, 467, 501 yluyorensis a 500, 502 fminimum he 501, 502, 581 nevilli ie 497, 501 toakesi a Sr 496 tplanum sti me 497 fputaoensis =. 500, 501, 502, 581 Spongilla crassissima oe 67 decipiens calcuttana : 67 Spongilla (Eunapius) crassissima crassior ats 67 Spongilla (Euspongilla) proli- ferens ae 67 Spongophorinae ae ua 140 Spongovostox 6 of 140 taborum ae é 140 kristenseni fe 393 141 luteus ae 140, 141 Stachyris chrysaea .. xt 264 nigriceps ne ai 204 Staphylinidae age os 3 Statilia oa a: 416 haanti rs 415, 416 maculata ae bie 416 Stenopelmatidae .. ze 329 Stenopsyche griseipennis nes 355 Stenopterina aenea _. “iis 183 eques ae 183 | +flavofemorata . 182 | Sternolophus (Neosternolophus) tenebricosus.. =e 628 Stibocheona nicea .. a3 62 Stictolissonota foveata ge 323 Stegmus niger at Ais 440 Stoparola melanops. . me 274 Stratiomyidae a oe 159 Streptaulus te 569, 570, 573 blanfordi ae si 570 tluyorensis Ag ‘6 57 ymiriensis 573, 574 Streptostele (Elma) nevilli dubia 593 Stromboceros ; 241 Strom boceros (Neostrom boceros) congener : fs 241 “congener tarsalis 24 Strongylium cultellatum 537 Teurvicomis S3¢ sobrinum ae 534, 53 Page Strongylium }stevensi : 534 westermanni 535, 536 Sturnidae 22 oe 272 Sturnopaster oe ve 260 Sturnopasta contra .. 273 contra superciliaris 273 Sufetula sunidesalis. . 441 Sumniva 543 Sus cristatus a. 192..08 jubatus ot ae g2 Sylviidae ote 270 Symbrenthia hippoclus khasi- ana 3+ 62 Sympetrum orientale 338 Syngamia floridalis . 441 Sypna quadrisignata, ae 438 Syrphidae = 157, 164 Syrphus - 163, 164 faeneilrons 159, 160 balteatus 159 cinctellus 163 cinctus 163 +fulvifacies 161 fmaculipleura 162 ribesii 162 ftransversus 150 vitripennis 162 7 Tabanidae an 157 Tachininae Ar 170 Tachydromus sexlineatts Saye 52 Tachysphex av 444 tTadunia 583 y+muspratti 588 jtoakesi 588, 589 Taeniocerus 515 bicuspis 515 Taenioglossa 539 Talitridae ei 452 Talitrus 451 Talorchestia : Wg AE tkempi -+ 449, 451, 452, 453 martensii : 452 novaehollandiae 3 452 parvispinosa 452, 453 Talpa leucura ae 86 micrura F 86 Tamiops macclellandi =9) Gish OF Taphrospira : 359 Tapinoma melanocepkalum 237 *Tarphiosoma kempi 104 Tearchus annulipes 532 Technomyrmex alhipes ; 237 Temnocephala 220, 2805) 231 232 chiliensis ys ae 232 fasciata Sé 231 madagascareensis tks 231 semperi = 229, 230, 231, 290 Temnocephalidae 229, 230 Temnocephaloidea 232 Tenebrionidae oe 519, 526 Tenebrioninae 530 Tenodera Be 416 aridifolia 415, 416 Tenthredinidae a 39 = Page Terias hecabe 64 silhetana ate 64 7 Termes annandalei 427 malaccensis 428 Termitidae 425 Tetriginae 2I1 Teucholabis biannulata 153 Themara maculipennis 185 +Themus aborensis .. 119, 120 Theopompa 416 servillei 415, 416 Thermesia rubricans 438 Tholymiis tillarga 339 Tho adonta ve 312 spiculoba Bipias sue Thraulus 354 Thymaris clotho 326 Thvreotus 206 bimaculatus 206 Thysauoptera a: 201 Tiara (Melanoides) variabilis 539 Tiara (Tarebia) lineata 539 Tiaridae 539 Tiberioides 516 austeni 515, 516 Timeliinae 263 Timomenus 147 aeris 147 Tinda indica : 157 Tinnunculus alandarius alanda- rius 286 Tiphia intrudens 443 Tipulidae Tig Tomostethus 240 yfassamensis 241 barda 240 formosanus 241 }hirticornis 240 Tonkinius sculptilis 527 striatipennis Sei, Totaninae Ae ae 287 Totanusochropus .. os 287 Toxicum oe AA 530 assameise 529 Toxorhynchites 152 Trachia delibrata 615 delibrata fasciata 614 Trachischium monticola 37, 45, 53, 35; Trachypholis decorat. 107 hispida 107 signata 5 107 Yribalus colombius .. 125 pluristriatus an 125 Trichogaster fasciatus 244, 257 Trichomma fe 325 decorum 325 Trichoptera 350 Trichopteryx sikkima 440 Trichorypha 564 Trigonometopus f1 ontalis 176 {trilineatus Wie Trigonophorus nepatensis oe 19t Trimeresurus gramineus Bsn s54 monticola me 37> 50, 51, 54 Trirhinopbolis sa 54 Trithemis aurora 338 festiva BRIS XXVill Page Trithemis pallidinervis 338 Trochomorphoides acris 615 Trogones oc 285 Trogonidae 285 Tropidonotus khasiensis STAs ENS piscator 37, 49, 53 platyceps 37, 49, 53 yassamensis an 58 berd morei 59 cochinensis 58 yunnanensis 59 Trypeticus nemorivagus 121 Trypetinae oe 185 Trypoxylon 445 Tubulifera 201 Tupaia belangeri 86, 97 chinensis 86 ferruginea oe 86 Turdidae , 276, 278 tTyphloperipatus “479, 483, 484, 486, 487, 489, 490, 491 +williamsoni 472, 476 Typhlopidae 3% 44 Typhlops beddomii .. 44 braminus 44, 52 diardi 37, 44, 53 fdiversiceps 37, 44, 53 tephrosoma 375 44553 U Uleiota atratula 108 Uloma javana 525 orientalis ate ae 525 orientalis minor sis 525 es s on 530 Upupa epops indica. . 4 284 Upupae a6 $0 284 Upupidae Se 284 Uroloncha acuticauda 279 Uroproctus ae 127 assamensis 127 E2O Ursus torquatus ae 86 V Vanessa indica A 2c 62 Varanidae . 42 Varanus bengalensis B72 Vespa basalis 447 bicolor 447 cincta 447 dorylloides 447 Page Vespa ducalis Ao Ac 447 magnifica ote Bio 447 Vesperugo abramus .. or 87 Vespidae : 446 Vestalis amoena 340 gracilis 340 Videna bicolor 604 conicoides 604 trilineatus 604 Viduinae 279 Vipera russeli 5! Viperidae 50 Viverra zibetha ; 85 Vivipara (Idiopoma) heliciformis 540 Viviparidae ze te 540 X Xanthogramma 163 Xanthopimpla nursei 323 punctata os 323 Xenocerus khasianus 198 rectilineatus 198 Xiphocaridina Fae 49% curvirostris 290, 491 Xuthia parallela Oi 104 Xyleborus A4II, 413 taplanatus : 412 capucinus 413 fgravelyi 4II perforans as 413 Xylinades annulipes 198 plagiatus 198 Xylocopa 82 collaris 79 dejeanii ae a 79 latipes ie ve 7 Y Ypthima affectata 61 baldus 61 philomela indecora 61 Z. Zaleptus sulphureus aie 204 | Zamenis mucosus 37s ASaIaS Zeltus etolus Ac se 65 Zemeros confucius 63 flegyas 63 Zonitidae 359, 537, 548, 559, 569, 603, 604 ZOOL 0GLCAT, RESULTS OF THE ABOR BA PEDITION; 1921-1972. INTRODUCTION. In accordance with a resolution passed at the Conference on Museums and Archaeology held at Simla in July, rg1I, it was atranged by the Trustees in consultation with the Military and Education Departments of the Government of India that I should accompany the Abor Expeditionary Force as Zoologist and Anthropologist, and that Mr R. Hodgart, Zoological Collector in the Indian Museum, should go with me as assistant. The present volume is devoted to the zoological results and parts will be issued from time to time as reports become available for publication. The issue of the usual annual volume of the ** Records ’’ will continue as heretofore. In addition to results obtained with the Abor Expeditionary Force, in several groups the determinations of animals obtained by Mr. F. H. Gravely in November and December, 1911, between Moulmein and the Siamese frontier will be included. The fauna of this area, at least of the Thaungyin Valley, is not very dis- similar from that of the Abor country, and notice of specimens from this area will be of interest from a comparative point of view. Mr. Hodgart and I left Calcutta on November 13th and atrived back on April 3rd after having spent about four months in the Abor country. On the outward journey we were detained for about a fort- night before we could proceed to Kobo, the base camp of the expedition, and this period was spent in making observations on the fauna at Dibrugarh on the left bank of the Brahmaputra and at Sadiya which lies on the right bank at the foot of the Mishmi country. We reached Kobo on November 29th and remained until December 13th; on the 14th we left by boat-convoy up the Dihang River and arrived at Pasighat and Janakmukh on the evening of the 16th, and leaving the latter camp on the 19th we marched to Renging and Rotung, arriving on December 21st. I was unfortunate in being unable to join the party which left Yembung, the head-quarter camp, on December 27th to explore the course of the Dihang river and survey the country to the north: shortage of transport compe led Major-General Bower to refuse my application. My main object when I joined the ex- pedition was to explore the practically unknown Himalayan fauna 2 Records of the Indian Museum. {[Vou. VIII, of the N.-E. Frontier, but it now became evident that this idea would have to be abandoned. As events turned out this was not so disadvantageous as was feared, for the fauna of the foot- hills yielded material of very considerable interest and in investi- gating this region it was not necessary to make any drastic reduction in the apparatus required te carry on the work. But the country visited must be regarded purely as the foot-hill, region of the north-east Himalayas and this fact must not be lost sight of in any comparisons which may be drawn between the Abor fauna and that of the ranges further to the west. We remained at Rotung until January 12th, when we pro- ceeded to the head-quarter camp at Yembung, and a week later I received permission to join a small party with an Indian surveyor under Capt. A. L. M. Molesworth which was going up the right bank of the Dihang to explore the courses of the Siyom and Shimang rivers, two large tributaries of the Dihang. I left with Capt. Molesworth on January 23rd. We reached Parong, a village two marches below Riga, and Damda which is some ten miles up the Siyom river, and returned to Yembung, sooner than was anticipated, on February 3rd. Triangulation did not form part of the survey work on this occasion; there were consequently no halts of any considerable length and the greater part of the time was occupied in hard marching which afforded but little facility for zoological work. Subsequently I proceeded to the Komsing camp, close to the Ahor village of that name, and remained there until March 3rd, but the work accomplished during this period was almost entirely anthropological. On my return to Yembung I proceeded as soon as possible to Rotung, where I purposed staying a few days to make further observations on the zoology of the district. But Capt. Sir George Duff Dunbar, who was then in command of Rotung post, sug- gested that I should make a short expedition to the west beyond Kalek and the Sireng valley towards Misshing, offering to pro- vide an escort and Abor cooly transport for the purpose. I ac- cepted this offer gladly, and in company with Mr. J. Coggin Brown of the Geological Survey and Dr. Falkiner of the Assam Valley Light Horse, who was then attached to the Lakhimpore Military Police, I left Rotung on March 15th, marching two days towards the west, halting the third day and returning on the evening of the 19th. This expedition gave me an opportunity of visiting fresh country with high tree-jungle of a type not elsewhere seen, a change which was of course accompanied by a corresponding change in the fauna. My thanks are due to Sir George Dunbar for suggesting this expedition and for making every arrangement necessary for its success. On the morning of March 2oth we left Rotung and marched beyond Renging to the camp of the 32nd Pioneers in the Sirpo valley and after a day’s halt proceeded to Pasighat, from which place we reached Balek, where three days were spent in anthro- pological work. Returning to Pasighat we proceeded on March 1912.] Introduction, 3 27th by boat-convoy to Kobo, and leaving there a few days later arrived in Calcutta on the evening of April 3rd. The Abor country lies in the N. E. corner of the Indian Empire and is bounded on the east by Mishmi country, on the north by Tibet, on the west by the land inhabited by the Miris and on the south by the Brahmaputra River. Plate I, which is reproduced by permission from the maps made during the expedition by officers of the Survey of India under Capt. O. H. B. Trenchard, R.E., shows the routes which I traversed and the principal places at which collections were made. In a north and south direction the Abor country extends for about 80 miles.! Between the base camp at Kobo and Janak- mukh and Balek it consists of an alluvial plain situated at a height of 400 to 600 feet above sea-level and clad with dense jungle inter- _ spersed with open patches of long grass or chafris. In some places the jungle has at one time or another been cleared for cultivation, but the oider clearings are for the most part so thickly grown with scrub and creepers as to be almost impenetrable. To the north of this the country is a maze of hills, often precipitous, and inter- sected by the boulder-strewn courses of the numberless small streams that drain into the Dihang river. All the hills were originally clothed from foot to summit with tree-jungle, but fre- quently, more particularly in the vicinity of the Abor villages, large tracts of country have been cleared. Many such areas have, after a period of years, been discarded for cultivation purposes and soon develop thick scrub-jungle. The majority of the specimens obtained were found at com- paratively low altitudes between 400 and 2,500 it., but some were taken at greater heights up to about 5,000 ft. and part of a small collection of insects, made for me by Mr. J. Coggin Brown of the Geological Survey, was obtained on Geku hill at a height of about 10,000 ft. Bapu, the highest of the foot-hills proper, reaches an altitude of 6,390 ft. As regards invertebrates, the best results were obtained by searching under bark and in rotten wood and large collections were made by this means alone. In particular some dead and partially decayed jack-fruit trees, which were being cut by the 32nd Sikh Pioneers in the vicinity of Rotung, afforded admirable material ; many of the branches were hollow and bored and when split open were found to be literally filled with a varied assortment of Cara- bidae, Staphylinidae, Passalidae, Endomychidae, Heteromera, Rhynchophora, Dermaptera and Blattoidea along with representa- tives of many other groups. Considerable collections were also made under stones and numerous interesting species were found in this situation. 1 Only the southern portion of the Abor country is shown on the map (P'. I): the great ranges further to the north were not visited. 4 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, In the Abor country the cold weather season is also the driest season of the year and numbers of invertebrates, to which an abundance of moisture is a necessity, take refuge during this period in plantain trees, living behind the great ensheathing leaf- stems. Water is invariably found in the leaf-base and the atmos- phere in the almost completely closed chamber behind the leaf- stems is probably always at or near saturation point. A consider- able amount of rain fell during February and March, and in the latter month it was noticed that the numbers of animals found in such situations had greatly diminished. Small Dytiscidae, Odonata larvae and Oligochaete worms were found in the tops of plantains and screw-pines (Pandanus), living in a collection of water at the leaf-base at from 20 to 40 ft. above the surface of the ground. No lakes or pools of standing water were met with in the country and practically all the aquatic animals obtained were taken in small streams and rivers draining into the Dihang or its larger tributaries: in the Dihang itself, which in the rains appears to rise in some places at least sixty feet above its winter level, practically nothing could be found. The smaller rivers and streams of the hills teem with the larvae of Neuroptera and Odonata and in the warm weather the perfect insects must occur in very great numbers. Brachyurous Crustacea were not uncommon, but Macrura appeared to be represented only by a single species of Palaemon. Fish were plentiful and some, along with tadpoles belonging to the families Ranidae and Pelobatidae, show interesting adaptations to life in hill-streams subject to sudden spate. The different groups of animals are unfortunately very un- evenly represented in the collection, but this was to a large extent unavoidable. ‘The cold weather season is not the best time of year for zoological work and the poverty of the collection in several respects, notably in some sections of the Insecta, must be at- tributed to this fact. Other groups, again, should hhave received far more attention than I was able to give them, for only by the devotion of a specialist’s whole time to the subject could satisfactory results have been obtained among the birds and mammals. My activities and opportunities for work were, as was only to be expected, somewhat limited by the restrictions necessary in the case of a military expedition carried out in a hostile country, but it was only in a few instances that these restrictions were severely felt. Work with an escort must of necessity have some draw- backs, though in many cases, more especially with Gurkhas, the escort was keenly interested and showed itself adept in the capture of the more elusive species. To express my gratitude for all the help I received in the course of the expedition is a difficult task. I have in the first place to thank Major-General Bower, C.B., General Officer com- manding the Force, for the interest which he took in my work and for the facilities extended to me. 1912. ] Introduction. 5 To the 32nd Sikh Pioneers I am under very great obligation for the large collections of Reptilia and other animals which they made on my behalf. During the winter season most of the reptiles were in hiding beneath the ground or in roots of trees, and in these situations they were found by the Pioneers when cutting roads along the hill-sides. The extent of the help they gave me may be judged from the fact that while snakes are now represented by twenty-six species, three hitherto unknown and one belonging to an undescribed genus, my own individual efforts only resulted in the acquisition of three common forms. Through the instrumen- tality of the British officers of the regiment and in particular of Capt. the Hon. M. de Courcy each non-commissioned officer on works was provided with a large section of bamboo fitted with a plug and every day a valuable collection of snakes, lizards, frogs, centipedes, scorpions, etc., was obtained. Numerous specimens were also contributed by Col. (now Brigadier-General) D. C. F. Macintyre, Capt. A. L. M. Molesworth, by Capt. J. S. O’Neill, Capt. F. H. Stewart and Capt. R. S. Ken- nedy of the Indian Medical Service, by Capt. H. W. Price and Mr. G. F. T. Oakes. We are indebted to Major Sweet, Capt. B. R. Nicholl, Capt. J. Masters and Mr. I. Burn Murdoch for the loan of various mammals and to Dr. J. Falkiner for the loan of a col- lection of birds. Opportunity will I hope be found of making fuller individual acknowledgments in the course of publication of the different reports, though it will still be impossible for me to express my thanks in an adequate manner for all the kindness and hospitality I received from officers of different services attached to the ex- pedition. I was fortunate in having Mr. R. Hodgart with me as my assistant. Throughout the period during which we were attached to the expedition his energy was unremitting and he spared no efforts to render the work a success. STANLEY KEMP, June Ist, 1912. Offg. Superintendent, Indian Museum. — Rec.Ind.Mus., (Abor Exped.) Vol. VIHl,1912. Plate L ; 95°30 | 28° 30/ a) a yl aN/ / Po) Ame, /|28° mY 5 15/ ) tj , y NAN BOS . i} We a 0’ 27? ate 45’ ay 94°45" 95%! 95°15" 95°30 A.C Chowdhary,del. Scale 1 Inch=8 Miles. Map of the southern part of the Abor country. Reg. No. 1742E., 12.—H —400 eB As A CELA - (Plates 1i—iv.) By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., F.A.S.B., Superintendent, Indian Museum. Mr. Kemp’s collection of Batrachia from the Abor country and the frontiers of Assam comprises 57 specimens of frogs and toads and a considerable number of tadpoles. With those obtained on the Expedition of rgt1—1912 I have included two interesting specimens taken by Mr. Kemp on a previous visit to the frontier of eastern Bhutan. In all at least 25 species are represented, of which about one-third are new to science, while several have only been recorded hitherto from Burma or from Assam south of the Brahmaputra. The collection, therefore, affords the opportunity of making important additions to the fauna of the Himalayas, the animals of the extreme eastern region of which have up to the present been almost unknown. Part I.—SYSTEMATIC. List of species represented in Mr. Kemp’s collection :— 1. Rana cyanophlyctis. 14. Rhacophorus maculatus him- 2. R. hebigit. alayensts, nov. 3. R. tigrina. 15. Kh. tuberculatus. 4. R. limnocharis. 16. Ixalus asper. 5. R. alticola. 17. I. annandalet. 6. R. granulosa. 18. I. argus, nov. 7. R. afghana. 19. I. tuberculatus. 8. R. gerbillus, nov. 20. Chirixalus doriae. g. Micrixalus borealis, nov. 21. Phrynoderma moloch, nov. 10. Rhacophorus maximus. 22. Bufo melanostictus. 11. Rh. bimaculatus. 23. B. himalayanus. 12. Kh. naso, nov. : 24. Megalophrys (?) major. 13. Rh. microdiscus, nov. 25. M. kempit, nov. (a) ADULTS. Fam. RANIDAE. 1. Rana cyanophlyctis, Schneid. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 442. This frog occurs all over the plains of India and ascends the Himalayas to altitudes of at least 5,000 ft. In Kumaon in the 8 Records of the Indian Museum. {Vou. VIII, Western Himalayas it is the common frog at 4,500 ft., but at 6,000 ft. is entirely replaced by R. blanfordiz. It is very largely aquatic in habits and is not as a rule found in dense jungle. Mr. Kemp obtained a single specimen at Dibrugarh. 2. Rana liebigii, Ginth. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 445. R. lhebigit is very common in the Darjiling Himalayas at altitudes between 4,000 and 10,000 feet; it also occurs, though rarely, in the Western Himalayas (Simla and Kashmir), while to the south-east its range extends to northern Tenasserim. It is essentially a jungle frog and is usually found among dense under- growth or at the edge of streams. No adults of this species were obtained on the expedition, but two tadpoles were taken in a small stream near Yembung (alt. 1,100 ft.) on the east side of the Dihang River. 3. Rana tigrina, Daud. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 449. Although it is apparently rare in the Himalayas, Rk. tugrina occurs all over the plains of India. In different parts of India, however, its habits differ considerably and certain structural differences also seem to occur, so that it is probable that several different races will ultimately have to be recognized as distinct. In Bengal R. tigrina is essentiaily a ‘‘tank’’ frog, inhabiting moderately large masses of water. Two specimens were obtained by Mr. Kemp at Sadiya under a log at the edge of the Dikrang River. 4. Rana limnocharis, Wiegm. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 450. Being much more adaptable in its habits than R. tgrina, Rk. limnocharis has an even wider range than that species. It is equally at home in flooded rice-fields and at the edge of rocky streamlets in the densest jungle. Both in the Himalayas and in the mountains of Burma it ascends to an altitude of at least 6,000 ft. Mr. Kemp obtained specimens at Sadiya, Kobo and Rotung and in the Siyom valley below Damda. 5. Rana alticola, Boulgr. Boulenger, Cat. Baty. Sal. Brit. Mus. (2nd ed.), p. 63, fig. (1882). The range of this frog is considerable both in longitude and latitude and also in altitude. Colonel Alcock obtained specimens of 1912. | N. ANNANDALE: Batrachia. 9 the characteristic tadpole at an altitude of 8,500 ft. in the Hundur Yarm Valley in northern Kashmir, while Capt. R. B. Seymour Sewell has recently taken precisely similar larvae a few feet above sea-level and a few yards from the shore, in a small stream running into Heinze Basin on the coast of Tavoy. I have also examined larvae from other parts of Tenasserim and Assam and from J,ittle Andaman I., and adults from Tenasserim and Assam, Bengal and Orissa. I have not, however, seen speciinens from any place in the plains west of Calcutta. In Lower Burma and Orissa the frog is usually found amongst dense vegetation at the edge of ponds and lakes. Ontheshores of the Sar Lake near Puri itis abundant on the leaves of plants that grow out of the water and also on ledges in the sides of old wells. The back of the young frog is brown, often mottled with black, but in the adult it becomes of a bright leaf-green. I have redescribed the tadpole below (p. 22). R. alticola is of much more slender habit and usually of smaller size than R. erythraea, which resembles it in habits, but apparently is not found west of the Bay of Bengal. Mr. Kemp took a small specimen of RF. alticola on the Assam- Bhutan frontier in the north-east of the Mangaldai division of the Darrang district in January, IgIT. 6, Rana granulosa (Anderson). Hylorana granulosa, Anderson, J.A.S.B., (2), xl, p. 23 (1871). ? Rana tytlert, Boulenger, Fauna, p. 458 (partim). Rana granulosa, id., Ann. Mus. Genova (and ser.), Xill, P- 333, pl. vili, fig. 2 (1893). This frog is known from the Karin Hills and Pegu in Burma, from Yunnan and from north-eastern Assam (Sibsagar). It is apparently arboreal in habits. A specimen was taken on a tree-trunk near Dibrugarh. = 7, Rana afghana (Ginth.). Polypedates afghana, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind., p. 432. Rana latopalmata, Boulenger, Fauna, p. 462. Rana afghana, id., Ann. Mus. Genova (2nd ser.), V, Pp. 420 (1888). It is very unfortunate that this frog should have to bear the inappropriate specific name ‘‘afghana,’’ for there can be little doubt that its range does not extend west of Nepal. It is not un- common in the Darjiling Himalayas at moderate altitudes and has also been found in Assam and Burma. An adult was taken by Mr. Kemp at Yembung (alt. 1,100 ft.), and also two tadpoles, which are noticed below (p. 24). 10 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. VIII, 8. Rana gerbillus, sp. nov. (Plate:ipities a) Allied to R. jerboa (Gtinther), from which it differs in its much smaller tympanum and in other particulars, Habit slender. Jength from snout to vent 33 mm. Head broad, triangular; snout bluntly pointed, somewhat de- pressed at the tip, a trifle longer than the diameter of the orbit; nostril a little nearer the tip of the snout than the eye, which is large and prominent; interorbital space flat, as wide as the upper eyelid; canthus rostralis bluntly angular; loreal region concave ; tympanum not very distinct, small, about 4+ as wide as eye. Mouth.—A distinct tooth at the tip of the lower jaw; no free papilla on the tongue ; vomerine teeth ill-developed, in two small roundish patches situated close together in the middle of the palate between the choanae. Limbs slender. Fingers slender, with well-developed disks; that on the third rather larger than the tympanum; that on the first small; a rudiment of a web between the third and fourth fingers; others quite free; first finger shorter than second. Hind limbs very long, the tarso-tibial articulation reaching far beyond the edge of the snout. ‘Toes almost completely webbed ; their ~ disks subequal, smaller than the tympanum ; subarticular tuber- cles large but not prominent, oval; a low oval inner metatarsal tubercle ; no outer one; no tarsal fold. Skin.—A distinct glandular latero-dorsal foid and another, less distinct, extending from the eye above the tympanum almost to the shoulder. Dorsal surface of the head minutely pitted, of the back obscurely granular with large compressed longitudinal tubercles scattered more especially on the sides. Ventral surface and limbs smooth. Colouration.—Dorsal surface very dark grey obscurely mottled with a paler shade; lips with pale vertical stripes; sides pale, spotted with dark grey ; limbs, especially the thighs, conspicuously barred; ventral surface dull greenish yellow with large round or oval brown spots on the chin, throat and chest. Habitat.—Yembung, Abor foot-hills at an altitude of 1,100 ft. A single specimen was found at the edge of a small stream in February. Ty~pe.—No. 16925 of Indian Museum register of Reptiles and Batrachia. Rana jerboa (Giinther), to which this new species is most closely allied, is found in Burma, the Malay Peninsula, Java, Bor- NeO,Tetc: 9g. Micrixalus borealis, sp. nov. (Plate ii, fig. 2.) Closely allied to Rana tenasserimensis,' Sclater, from which it may be distinguished by the small size of the disks on its inez, Se, 1892, p. 345; pl. xxiv, fig. 4, and List Batvachia Ind. Mus., p. 8 (1892). 1912.] N. ANNANDALE: Batrachia. LE fingers, its hidden tympanum and its almost completely webbed toes. Habit stout. Length from snout to vent 25 mm. Head short, broad, triangular, by no means depressed; snout bluntly pointed, convex at the tip, a little shorter than the orbit; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region not concave, sloping out- wards and downwards; eye large, not very prominent; inter- orbital region slightly convex, a little broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum concealed; a prominent fold running backwards and downwards from the eye to a point a little behind the gape. Mouth.—-A prominent tooth at the apex of the lower jaw; no trace of vomerine teeth; the choanae situated far forward; no papilla on the tongue. An internal vocal pouch in the male. Skin.—No dorso-lateral fold. Dorsal surface minutely warty ; ventral surface almost smooth but with a rather indistinct reticula- tion of grooves; a transverse fold running across the posterior end of the throat in the male. Limbs stout. Fore limbs short; fingers short; the first a little shorter than the second; disks very small but distinct; a rudi- ment of a web between all the fingers; subarticular tubercles in- conspicuous but of fairly large size. ‘Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the eye; toes moderately slender, with very small disks ; web almost complete but not quite reaching or barely reaching the disks of the first and fifth toes; subarticular tubercles incon- spicuous; an elongate but not very prominent internal metatarsal tubercle followed by a fold of skin on the tarsus; another fold on the external margin of the foot; no outer metatarsal tubercle. Colouration.—Back dark brown mottled with purplish black; a dark interorbital cross-bar usually present; limbs obscurely barred and digits more conspicuously so; ventral surface yellow- ish, powdered on the throat and chin with purple-brown, as a rule so densely that the skin appears almost black to the naked eye; ventral surface of hands, feet and thighs powdered in a similar manner but not so densely; belly sometimes spotted. Localities.—Rotung (alt. 1,300 ft.) and about 3 miles S. of Yembung. Type.—No. 16932 in Indian Museum register of Reptiles and Batrachia. I think I am right in referring this species, of which I have examined eleven specimens, to Boulenger’s genus Micrixalus rather than to Rana; for I can find no trace of vomerine teeth, while the small size of the frog and its general facies are features in which it resembles the south Indian species included in the former genus. Sclater’s Rana tenasserimensis, of which three type- specimens are now in our collection, has apparently vomerine teeth in some individuals and none in others, but these teeth are never welldeveloped. Itshould also, in my opinion, rank as Micrixalus.' 1 See Boulenger, P.Z.S., 1883, p. 205, and Fauna, p. 464; also W. L. Sclater, P.Z.S., 1892, p. 345, pl. xxiv, fig. 4, 4a, and Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Genova (2nd ser.), xiii, p. 331. 12 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voy. VIII, Ten specimens of M. borealis were taken under stones in a stream at Rotung and one a few miles S. of Yembung. 10. Rhacophorus maximus, Gtinth. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 472. A common species on the lower slopes of the Darjiling Hima- layas and the Khasi Hills. Colonel Godwin-Austen obtained speci- mens in the Dafla country. Mr. Kemp obtained a half-grown specimen at Upper Rotung at an altitude of about 2,000 ft. 11. Rhacophorus bimaculatus, Boulgr. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 472. Not uncommon in the Khasi Hills. Mr. Kemp’s only spect men, which was taken at Rotung (alt. 1,300 ft.) in January, has the web of the feet of a bright scarlet colour and lacks the dark spots on the sides usually so characteristic of the species. In the former particular it agrees with other specimens in our collection. 12. Rhacophorus naso, sp. nov. (Plate 11, fig. 3.) This peculiar species can be distinguished from any other of the genus that occurs in Assam or Burma by the dermal appendage on its snout. Habit moderately stout. Length from snout to vent 43 mm. Head rather broad, triangular, with convex sides; snout much longer than orbit, pointed, convex above, nostril much nearer tip of snout than eye; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region con- cave, almost horizontal. Diameter of tympanum, which is dis- tinct, about 3 that of eye. Mouth.—No prominent tooth at apex of lower jaw; no papilla on the tongue; vomerine teeth forming two small, almost circular patches, one close to the inner margin of each choana; choanae small. Skin of dorsal surface rugose with many prominent and irregular tubercles; a small subquadrangular dermal projection on the snout; rounded tubercles scattered on the basal part of the thighs; ventral surface coarsely granular, more so on the chest and throat than on the belly. A fairly distinct dorso-lateral fold and a more prominent one running from the eye above the tympa- num to the shoulder; serrated cutaneous fringes on the outer edges of the forearm and the shin. Limbs stout, not very long. - Fingers with a rudimentary web ; their disks well developed, transversely oval; that on the third finger almost as large as the tympanum, subarticular tubercles well developed. ‘The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the eye; toes almost completely webbed; their disks like those of the fingers ; 1gI2.] N. ANNANDALE: Batrachia. 13 subarticular tubercles well. developed; a somewhat elongate but not very prominent inner metatarsal tubercle; no corresponding outer tubercle. Colouration.—Dorsal surface purplish-brown irregularly marked with dark slate-colour; irregular paler markings on the sides; limbs irregularly marked; fingers and toes barred with alternate brown and grey stripes. Ventral surface dirty white, shaded pos- teriorly with dark grey; dark grey spots on throat and an irregular reticulation of the same shade on the chest. Ventral surface of hands and feet grev, with the tubercles white; a white spot on the soles in the place where an external metatarsal tubercle would be. Habitat.—Egar stream between Renging and Rotung (g-i-I2). Type (a unique specimen). No. 16929 in the Indian Museum register of Reptiles and Batrachia. 13. Rhacophorus microdiscus, sp. nov. (Plate i1, fig. 4.) This species is easily recognized by the small size of its digital disks. Habit slender. Length from snout to vent 29 mm. Head large, flat, broadly ovoid; snout rounded in front, by no means prominent, rather shorter than the orbit; nostril much nearer tip of snout than eye; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region concave, oblique; tympanum distinct, close to eye; its diameter about + of that of eye; interorbital space about as wide as upper eye-lid, flat. Mouth.—No tooth at apex of lower jaw; no papilla on the tongue; choanae large; vomerine teeth in two short, ridge-like series running obliquely backwards and inwards from a point near the anterior inner margin of the choanae but widely separated from one another. Limbs slender but short. Fingers with a slight rudiment of a web; their disks very small, that on the third being much less than 4 as wide as the tympanum; subarticular tubercles well developed; a large rounded inner metacarpal tubercle. Tibio- tarsal articulation barely reaching the eye; disks of toes like those of fingers; feet less than half webbed; subarticular tubercles well developed; an elongate but by no means prominent inner metatar- sal tubercle. Skin of dorsal surface, throat and chest smooth; that of belly separated into polygonal areas by a very distinct network of grooves; on the posterior part these areas gradually take the form of low conical tubercles ; isolated rounded tubercles on basal part of thighs. No dorso-lateral fold; an indistinct fold running from above tympanum to shoulder. Colouration.—Dorsal surface pale slate-grey irregularly marked with darker grey and powdered with black; dorsal surface of limbs indistinctly barred; outer margin of thigh reddish; ventral surface dirty white. 14 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VIII, Habitat.—Kobo, at base of Abor foot-hills (alt. 400 ft.): 29—-30-1ii- 12. Type (a unique specimen). No. 16924 in Indian Museum register of Reptiles and Batrachia. 14. Rhacophorus maculatus (Ginther). Rhacophorus maculatus and R. leucomystax, Boulenger, Fauna, PP. 474, 475- I have little doubt that what may be called the ‘‘ Common Tree-frog’’ of Peninsular India, the Himalayas and the Malay Peninsula really represents three local races of a single species. These three races or subspecies may be distinguished as fol- lows :— 1. Rhacophorus maculatus (Gunther) (forma typica). No parieto-squamosal arch; dorsal surface of skull smooth; skin of dorsal surface of head free. Diéstvibution.—Peninsular India and Ceylon. 2. Rhacophorus maculatus himalayensts, subsp. nov. A well- developed parieto-squamosal arch; dorsal surface of skull smooth; skim of dorsal surface of head free. Dzustridution—The Eastern Himalayas, Assam, western China. 3. Rhacophorus maculatus leucomystax (Gravenhagen}. A well- developed parieto-squamosal arch; dorsal surface of skull rugose ; skin of dorsal surface of head adhering to the skull. Dustrvibution.— Lower Burma, the Malay Peninsula and many of the Malay islands. ; Mr. Kemp’s specimens belong to the second race. The larvae of the three races are discussed below (p. 24). Two small specimens were taken at Kobo and a very large one on the east side of the Dihang R. at an altitude of 1,100 feet. 15. Rhacophorus tuberculatus, Anderson. (Plate 11, fig. 5.) Anderson, J.A.S.B., (2), xl, p. 26; Boulenger, Fauna, P. 474- The specimens in Mr. Kemp’s collection agree well as regards structure and dimensions with the late Dr. Anderson’s description and with his type specimens, which are in the same condition as they were’ when the species was described. The colours of the latter specimens had, however, already faded at that date and the fresh ones now before me are particularly interesting in this respect. No two of the four brought back from the Abor country and taken together in circumstances which I will describe immediately, are precisely identical in colouration; but in all the colours are so plended that those commonly found on the stems of bamboos 1g12.] N. ANNANDALE : Bairachia. 15 growing in thickets in damp jungle are accurately reproduced. The back and the dorsal surface of the head and limbs are in all dull clay-colour sparingly powdered with black and suffused more or less definitely with yellow, the canthus rostralis is outlined in black, the ventral surface is pale yellow and the inner surface of the thighs wholly or partly scarlet. In one individual there is a narrow black, white-edged line running backwards along each side from the eye to the base of the hind limb, while the back of the head and the back are ornamented with two large irregular marks outlined by similar lines. In this specimen, which appears to be an adult male, there are also dark longitudinal lines on the limbs and on the inner margin of the fifth toe and the web that inter. venes between that toe and the fourth. In the second individual, a female, the sides of the back are so strongly suffused with yellow that they may be described as ochraceous, the webs of the feet are almost black and the red colour of the inner surface of the thigh ' extends down that of the shin. In another male, rather smaller than the first, there are small black spots on the back and a dark- edge white line running transversely on the dorsal surface above the vent. ‘The fourth specimen, probably a young male, has no very definite markings. The colouration of the dorsal surface in all the specimens bears a close resemblance to that of a bamboo- stem overgrown with minute fungi and lichens such as are usually found on bamboo-stems in a very damp atmosphere. The scarlet of the thighs would be completely concealed in the attitude of rest. It is interesting to have the opportunity of comparing Anderson’s types with fresh specimens of the species, but it is still more interesting to be able to put on record the peculiar circum- stances in which these specimens were taken. They were found in an internode of bamboo which was intact as regards both its sides and its two nodes, except that there was in one side a small hole apparently made by some insect, less than a quarter of an inch in diameter. When the bamboo was split open in preparation for bridge-making the four frogs were seen seated on the inner surface near one end (the upper at the time), while two earthworms and a land:planarian occupied the other. There can be little doubt, therefore, that they had entered the bamboo as small frogs and had been supplied with food by the intrusion of worms and other small animals through the hoie by which they had originally entered, and from which their increase in bulk rendered it impos- “sible for them to emerge. Jn spite of the fact that they must have lived for some considerable time practically in the dark they had preserved their colouration, which was of a distinctly protective type. Four specimens from Upper Rotung (alt. ca. 2,000 ft.): 22nd January 1912, collected by Capt. the Hon. M. de Courcy. Anderson’s specimens were from Sibsagar in N.-E. Assam. This place is situated on the northern bank of one of the smaller tributaries of the Brahmaputra. 16 Records of the Indian Museum. {[Vou. VIII, 16. Ixalus asper, Boulgr. Boulenger, P.Z.S., 1886, p. 415, pl. xxxix, and Ann. Mus. Genova (2nd ser.), xiii, p. 340, 1893; Sclater, P.Z.S., 1892, p. 347; Robinson, Journ. F.M.S. Mus., i, p. 24. This species appears to be the most widely distributed of the - Indian Ixali. It was originally described from the mountains of Perak in the Malay Peninsula and was found by the late Signor Fea in the Karin Hills and by one of our collectors in the hills between Burma and Siam. The Indian Museum possesses a speci- men labelled as being from Kolasi in the Purnea district of Bihar, but this specimen very possibly came actually from the foot-hills of eastern Nepal. The irregular white or greyish-white markings on the posterior part of the body of I asfer give it exactly the appearance of being overgrown with a mould or fungus. Whether this is of any pro- tective advantage to the frog may perhaps be doubted, but I have noticed a similar phenomenon in the case of several Malayan insects belonging to the orders Coleoptera and Rhynchota and it is well known that in tropical jungles insects are frequently attacked by fungi which produce a white mycelium and finally, having killed them, fasten their dead bodies by means of this mycelium to tree-trunks or other inanimate objects. A specimen of Ixalus asper was taken on a tree-trunk at the edge of Fgar stream between Renging and Rotung on 9th January, 1912. With it were taken the type specimen of Khacophorus naso, a specimen of Ixalus tuberculatus and also tadpoles of two species, a Megalophrys (M. ? major) and a Ranid which cannot be identified. 17. Ixalus annandalei, Boulgr. (Plate iii, fig. 2.) Boulenger, J.A S.B., 1906 (2), p. 385. This species was not taken on the Abor Expedition, but a single specimen was obtained by Mr. Kemp in December, 1910, on the Bhutan frontier of Assam in the Mangaldai division of the Darrang district. It is common in the Darjiling district between 4,000 and 5,000 ft. and occurs both among dead leaves and low herbage in the jungle and on tea-bushes. 18. Ixalus argus, sp. nov. (Plate iii, fig 3.) Habit moderately-slender, Khacophorus-like. Length from snout to vent 27 mm. Head short and broad, triangular; snout blunt, somewhat depressed at tip, obliquely truncate vertically, projecting, a little longer than the orbit; nostril nearer tip of snout than eye; canthus rostralis fairly distinct; loreal region vertical, concave; tympanum distinct, small, about 4 as broad as eye, interorbital space broader than upper eyelid. 1972; N. ANNANDALE: Batrachsa, 17 Mouth.—A small tooth at apex of lower jaw; no papilla on the tongue; choanae small, widely separated, situated far forwards. Skin.—No latero-dorsal or supratympanic folds. Skin of head and neck smooth, of back beset with small scattered tubercles ; ventral surface smooth. Limbs slender. Fingers slender, free, with large disks; that on third finger as large as tympanum; first finger a little shorter than second; subarticular tubercles large, rounded, a little promi- nent; no metacarpal tubercles. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching nostril; toes fully webbed; disks a little smaller than those on fingers; subarticular tubercles distinct but by no means prominent ; a very distinct inner, but no outer, metatarsal tubercle; no tarsal fold. Colouration.—Dorsal surface dark slate-grey with a paler reti- culation on the back that gives it the appearance of being faintly ocellated; limbs and fingers conspicuously barred with dark grey and white; ventral surface dirty white faintly spotted on the throat and chest with grey; soles of feet and palms of hands dark grey. Habitat —Upper Renging, alt. 2,150 feet. Type (a unique specimen). No. 16950 in the Indian Museum register of Reptiles and Batrachia. 19. Ixalus tuberculatus, Anderson. (Plate iii, fig. 1.) Anderson, Anat. Zool. Res. Yunnan Exp., p. 855, pl. Ixxviii, fig. 7 (1878). I think I am right in identifying a series of specimens in Mr. Kemp’s collection with this species, but Anderson’s figure is poor and his specimens are not forthcoming for comparison. It is evidently variable in several characters, notably in stoutness of habit, in colouration, in roughness of skin and in the relative size of the disks of the fingers and toes. In some of the Abor speci- mens the skin of the dorsal surface is smooth except for small scattered tubercles, in others the tubercles are so much larger and closer together that it is quite rough; in some the finger-disks are much smaller than the toe-disks, but in others they are of almost exactly the same size, while some individuals are much stouter than others. In all the ground-colour of the dorsal surface is very dark slate-grey rather than olive, but this may be due to the fact that the specimens had been hardened in formalin before being preserved in spirit. A pale cross-bar between the eyes can usually be detected and there is always a pale patch on the sides near the groin marked diversely with black; the corresponding surface of the outer margin of the thighs is similarly marked; in some individuals there is a large dark x-shaped mark on the back. Specimens were taken at Janakmukh (600 ft.), in Egar stream between Renging and Rotung, at Rotung (1,300 ft.) and at Kalek (3,800 ft.). At the two last-named localities several individuals were found between the 24th and 29th of December hiding under 18 Records of the Indian Museum. eV Ol. Va the leaf-stems of banana-trees. Probably they were hibernating. Tn all seven specimens were found. 20. Chirixalus doriae, Boulgr. Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Genova (and ser.), xiii, p. 341, pl. x, fig. 5 (1893). A single male taken under a log at Kobo (alt. 400 ft.) agrees well with Mr. Boulenger’s figure and description. Ch. dortae, which is the only known species of the genus, was originally found by the late Signor Fea in the Karin Hills. 21. Phrynoderma moloch, sp. nov. (Plate iii, fig. 4.) This species differs from Phrynoderma asperum, Boulenger,' the only one hitherto known, in several important characters, not- ably in the much more pronounced nature of the asperities on its back. Habit slender. Length from snout to vent 41 mm. Head short, broad, triangular, depressed; snout about as long as orbit, sinuously truncate transversely, obliquely truncate ver- tically ; nostril close to tip of snout, very prominent; eye large, prominent; canthus rostralis indistinct; loreal region almost verti- cal, slightly concave; inter-orbital region slightly concave, broader than upper eye-lid; tympanum fairly distinct, about $ as wide as eye. Skin.—No supratympanic or dorso-lateral folds; back bearing very prominent ridge-like, more or less serrated, warts which run longitudinally and obliquely; these warts larger on neck and across shoulders, on which they form A-shaped figures; shorter warts on head and dorsal surface of limbs; throat and ventral surface of limbs smooth; belly and sides coarsely granular. Limbs slender but rather short. Fingers free, slender, flat- tened; disks very large, that on the 3rd finger nearly equalling the tympanum ; subarticular tubercles small; external and internal subcarpal tubercles indistinct. Tibio-tarsal articulation reaching tympanum; toes } webbed, the web reaching the disks of all but the 4th, up which it extends as a narrow fringe almost to the disk ; subarticular tubercles small and by no means prominent; a very small and indistinct internal metatarsal tubercle; no external metatarsal tubercle; a narrow serrated fringe on the 5th toe and a less distinct serrated ridge running along middle of ventral sur- face of shin. Colouration.—Back grey with black spots; the larger warts buff; the tympanum black; a large black and white diversified patch on each side between the two fore and hind limbs and a white patch in the axilla; external surface of thigh irregularly banded and marbled with black, white and grey; ventral surface t Ann. Mus. Genova (2nd ser.), xiii, p. 342, pl. xi, fig. 1. EQuzrl N. ANNANDALE: Batrachia. 19 black with a faint vermicular reticulation runing all over the body and onto the ventral surface of the thighs. Habitat.—Upper Renging (alt. 2,150 ft.) : 5-10-i-I2. Types (two adults). Nos. 1695t and 16952: presented by Capt. the Hon. M. de Courcy. The circumstances in which these frogs and their tadpoles were found are of considerable interest. Capt. de Courcy writes about them as follows :— ‘‘ [The frogs were taken] between Upper Renging and the Yernu 1a) | eee eae re It was a few yards this side of Prospect Col that some of my men found the new Phrynoderma frogs—3 of them, under a log—and kept them, trying to make me see them among some lumps of earth—almost an impossibility. One escaped a few minutes after I had taken them over, and while I was standing there, the men cut off a big bit of the same log, the usual old felled tree on a jhoom [clearing], and rolled it down on to the road. Some water gushed out of a hole and I saw the tadpoles wriggling about on the ground and collected all I could.” The tadpoles, which are described below (p. 25), evidently belong to the same species as the adult frogs, for one of them has progressed far in its metamorphosis and has begun to develop the characteristic ridge-like warts on the back. Fam. BUFONIDAE. 22. Bufo melanostictus, Schneid. A typical specimen of this toad was taken by Mr. Kemp at Dibrugarh in the middle of November and on the same date he found a number of tadpoles in which the hind limbs were not de- veloped. 23. Bufo himalayanus, Gtnth. Bufo melanostictus var. himalayanus, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind., p- 442. Bufo himalayanus, Boulenger, Fauna, p. 505. I am inclined to agree with Dr. Giinther in regarding this form merely as an Alpine race of B. melanostictus. ‘The greatest difficulty is often experienced in separating specimens and quite typical individuals of B. melanostictus are often found at consider- able altitudes in the Himalayas. Almost every gradation between the two forms can be found. ‘Tadpoles (plate iv, fig. 7), however, from above 4,000 ft. in the E. Himalayas can, so far as my ex- perience goes, be distinguished from those found in the plains of India by the fact that the eyes are not prominent but rather sunken. ‘Tadpoles from the plains agree well with one from the Malay Peninsula figured by Flower (P.Z.S., 1896, p. 911, pl. xliv, fig. 3), and I have found similar specimens at an altitude of over 7,000 ft. in the W. Himalayas near Naini Tal. Mr. Kemp obtained four toads at Kobo in November and December, which I assign to Gtnther’s “‘variety’’ with some 20 Records of the Indian Museum. LVou: Vile doubt. Their tympana are smaller than is usually the case in B. melanostictus and in two of them are also somewhat obscured. The parietal ridges are absent in one specimen and in the others, although they are present, they are very indistinct. Fam. PELOBATIDAE. The genus Megalophrys is represented in the collection by tadpoles which seem to belong to at least two species and also by a single small frog, which I have accepted as the type of a new species. ‘The tadpoles are discussed below (p. 28). 25. Megalophrys kempii, sp. nov. (Plated tie"5.) Although the only specimen obtained is very small, I am inclined to think from its general appearance that it is at least sub-adult. The species is clearly related to M. heteropus (Bou- lenger), but the snout is rather longer, the tympanum larger and the hind legs longer. Halit slender. Length (of type) from snout to vent 15 mm. Head moderate, little depressed; snout longer than eye, slop- ing forwards above, rounded at the tip, truncate vertically, pro- jecting very little beyond lower jaw; nostril much nearer tip of snout than eye; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region concave, nearly vertical; interorbital distance much greater than width of upper eye-lid; tympanum fully exposed, nearly as large as eye, close to which it is situated. Mouth.—No vomerine teeth; tongue slightly cleft behind. Skin of back, limbs, throat and chest smooth, of belly obscurely granular; some irregular tubercles on the base of the thighs. No dorso-lateral or supratympanic folds. Limbs slender. Fingers short, free, bearing (except the first, which is merely blunt) very small but distinct disks; first finger shorter than second ; lower surface of hand smooth ; subarticular tubercles poorly developed ; no metacarpal tubercles. Hind limb long ; the tibio-metatarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout; toes slender, the fourth very long, with small disks and the rudiments of a web; subarticular tubercles poorly developed ; no metatarsal tubercles; no tarsal fold. Colouration.—Dorsal surface dark olive with more or less symmetrically arranged greyish-green marks; upper surface of snout of latter shade; hind limbs obscurely banded with dark olive ; ventral surface yellowish, suffused with dark olive; throat densely powdered with that shade but ornamented with clear yellowish spots. Haltiat.—Upper Rotung (2,000 ft.) : I-i-12. Type.—No. 17013 in Indian Museum register of Reptiles and Batrachia. 1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), vi, p. 186 (1900), and P.Z.S., 1908 (1), p- 422, fig. 2 Ig12.| N. ANNANDALE: Batrachia. 21 (b) TADPOLES. The tadpoles here discussed are those of :— A. Rana hebigit, D. Rhacophorus maculatus, B. Rana alticola, E. Phrynoderma moloch, C. Rana afghana, F. An unidentified Ranid, G. and H. Megalophrvs, spp. Fam. RANIDA., A. Larva of RANA LIEBIGII, Giinth. (Plate iv, fig. 2.) Annandale, /.A.S.B., 1906 (2), p. 290. The tadpole of this species is very abundant in small jungle streams in the neighbourhood of Kurseong (4,000—5,000 ft.), E. Himalavas, both in April and May and in July, August and September. Mr. Kemp obtained two specimens in a small stream on the east side of the Dihang R. near Yembung between the 13th and the 17th of January. Their hind legs were just beginning to appear. The larva of R. liebigiz may be redescribed as follows :— Head and body feebly arched above but not quite flat, sloping slightly from behind forwards, convex on ventral surface, broadly ovoid as seen from above; the tip of the snout rounded. Mouth ventral; lips broad but not excessively so, directed inwards and enclosing a considerable cavity ; posterior lip directed backwards, anterior lip forwards and inwards, thus forming a vestibule to the mouth ; lower lip with a complete double row of rather elongate tubercles; upper lip fringed with a singie row of rather smaller tubercles which is widely interrupted in the middle; dental formula usually-2: 5+5 | +1: 2,! sometimes three un- interrupted rows of teeth present on the upper lip; neither upper nor lower beak divided; both horseshoe-shaped and minutely serrated ; upper lip very narrow. Nostril and eye small, by no means prominent; the former situated midway between the eye and the tip of the snout; eye directed obliquely upwards, situated at the junction of the dorsal and the ventral surfaces, much nearer the tip of the snout than the base of the tail. Glands.—None apparent. Shivacle sinistral, pointing backwards and slightly upwards, small, circular, not markedly tubular. Vent dextral. Tail gradually pointed, tapering, twice as long as head and body ; its greatest depth + of total maximum length ; fin-mem- 1 For convenience in printing this and other dental formulae in this paper are printed in a somewhat novel form. The figures to the right of the central dark vertical line represent the tooth-rows of the upper, those to the left of this line the tooth-rows of the lower lip. The colons merely separate the number of undivided from that of divided rows. 22 | Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor,.: VIEL; branes well developed for its whole length both above and below the muscular portion; the greatest depth twice that of the muscular portion. Colouration somewhat variable; dorsal surface brownish, marked in some individuals with yellow ; fin-membrane pale, with large dark pigment-cells which in some individuals tend to be arranged in vertical bars; a dull yellowish mid-dorsal streak some- times present at base of tail; spiracle surrounded by a white ring. Dimensions of an individual in which the hind legs are be- ginning to appear. Total length Ss =a) 1a aaa Length of head and body ie JRE a ee Length of tail ae Sint eZ One Maximum breadth of body ue aie oT Deere Maximum depth of body HA ae Os Maximum depth of tail 5A Sot Luan Full-grown tadpoles measure about 56 mm. in length. B. Larva of RANA ALTICOLA, Boulgr. (Plate iv, fig. 1.) Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 62, fig. ; Annandale Pe SO. LOO (1), p- GO.pks wae The tadpoles figured and described by Mr. Boulenger were evidently badly preserved and faded. 1 have, therefore, re- described this larva from well-preserved and recently captured specimens. Head and body flattened both above and also on the anterior part of the ventral surface, oval, truncate anteriorly. Mouth ventral; lips well developed, the posterior lip directed backwards, not excessively broad, with a single row of rather small tubercles running all along its margin; anterior lip directed forwards and inwards, fringed for rather less than a third of its length on either side and bearing on its ventral surface in the same region numerous small tubercles, bare in the middle. Dental formula 2: 5+5] 1+1: 8, the outer row of teeth on the pos- terior lip feebly developed; beak in two parts, an upper anda lower ; both parts roughened on the surface but not serrated at the margin; upper part crescentic, projecting slightly in the middle ; lower part broadly V-shaped. Nostril and eye small, by no means prominent; the former in well-preserved specimens rather nearer the eye than the tip of the snout; eye directed obliquely upwards, situated near the dorsal surface, much nearer the snout than the base of the tail. Spivacle sinistral, tubular, directed outwards and a little upwards Vent dextral. TOIZS) N. ANNANDALE: Batrachia. 23 Glands.—A large and prominent oval parotoid gland! present on each side and a small and less conspicuous single gland (in large tadpoles) on the dorsum at the base of the tail. Tail bluntly pointed, about 14 timesas long as head and body, very shallow at its base owing to poor development of both fin- membranes; these become deep shortly afterwards and then diminish again somewhat abruptly, so that the outline of the tai! is strongly sinuous. Colouration.—In the young tadpole the head and body are boldly diversified with dark and pale markings not of a sym- metrical nature, while the muscular part of the tail bears numerous large and small ocelli, which are repiaced on the fin- membranes by small black spots. As the tadpole grows and the limbs begin to develop the colours darken and the caudal ocelli become indistinct or disappear, with the exception, as a rule, of one large ocellus cn each side at the base of the tail. Sometimes a second smaller and more distal ocellus also persists and occasion- ally there is a row of ocelli all along the tail of even full-grown larvae, gradually diminishing in size from in front backwards. The central spot of each ocellus is black, the outer ring yellow. The number of ocelli is not always the same on both sides of the body. Dimensions.—The tadpole reaches a length of at least 57 mm. The following are the measurements of two specimens in one of which (A) the hind limbs appear as minute buds, while in the other (B) the toes can just be detected :— A (tail injured). B. Total length ig -. — mm. 42 mm. Length of head and body Shoat coer, Woe Eee Length of tail S Le 5 DAS 5? Maximum breadth of body .. 16 ,, LOp,% Maximum depth of body je DL AM od Quis Maximum depth of tail Reb ye pe Ou. I was at first inclined to adopt the opinion that the large series of ocellate Ranid larvae in our collection represented two distinct species, one with a distinct supra-caudal gland, prominent parotoids and not more than two ocelli on each side of the tail, the other with no supra-caudal gland, much less prominent parotoids, the head and body spotted and mottled, and numerous caudal ocelli. Specimens, however, recently obtained by Mr. F. H. Gravely and Capt. R. B. Seymour Sewell, I.M.S., in Lower Burma, show that there is a complete gradation between the two forms, the latter being merely a younger stage of the former. Mr. Gravely’s specimens, in none of which were the hind limbs developed. were taken in a small pond near Kawkareik in 1 This gland is not nearly so conspicuous in fresh specimens as it is in old and faded ones. 24 Records of the Indian Museum. VoL. nae November and Capt. Sewell’s, which were in a slightly more advanced stage of development, on the coast of Tavoy in spring. A young frog which had already assumed the green back of the adult was taken with Mr. Gravely’s tadpoles. C. Larva of RANA AFGHANA (Gunth.). (Plate iv, fig. 3.) ? Rhacophorus reinwardtit (larva), Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 89, fig. Rana afghana, id., Ann. Mus. Genova (2nd ser.), v, p. 420 (1883) and PiZ7S {1603 spp.1520.6527- Mr. Boulenger has given an excellent description of this larva in the ‘‘ Annali’’ of the Genoa Museum and has also pub- lished a key whereby those tadpoles of the genus Aana which are provided with large ventral suckers may be distinguished from one another. This key is in the P.Z.S. for 1893. Mr. Kemp obtained two tadpoles that agree well with Mr. Boulenger’s description in a small stream running into the Dihang R. near Yembung in January. Their hind limbs have not yet: appeared. An adult A. afghana was taken at the same place in the same month. D. Larva of RHACOPHORUS MACULATUS (Gray). (Plate iv, figs. 4, 5.) Rhacophorus leucomystax, Flower, P.Z.S., 1896, p. 906, pl. xliv, fig. 2, and 1899, p. 898, pl. lix, figs. 3, 3¢; Butler, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., xv, p. 202. Rh. maculatus, Ferguson, zbid., p. 504, pl. B, fig. 4. Captain Flower, in the first of the two papers cited after his name, describes and figures the tadpoles of the Malay race (leu- comystax) of this species, his specimens being from Singapore. In his second paper he does the same for tadpoles from Bangkok, which seem to differ in more than one particular from those of the Malay race. I propose here to describe those of the Himalayan and the Peninsular races—the latter from specimens taken in September in Orissa, the former from tadpoles caught in the neighbourhood of Darjiling and identified after breeding out several individuals from the same lot in Calcutta. In both cases the tadpoles were taken in pools of rain-water. 1. Tadpoles of Himalayan race (himalayensis). Head and body moderately flat above, ovoid, rounded in front, convex on ventral surface. Mouth nearly terminal, comparatively small; lips relatively narrow, both directed forwards ; upper lip smooth except at the corners, which bear numerous rounded papillae; lower lip with a fringe interrupted in the middle, and consisting of similar papillae about three deep ;)-dental Siormulla {15 35-3 jo gee 2 Ol eae 3+3 13; beak in two parts; the upper beak not hooked, the lower crescentic ; both parts massive, both serrated. 1912. ] N. ANNANDALE: Batrachia. 25 Eye and nostril—Eye lateral, directed outwards; nostril nearer tip of snout than eye. Glands.—There is a large gland in front of and slightly below each eye. Spiracle sinistral, pointing backwards and a little upwards, flap-like, large. Anus dextral. Tail long and slender, about twice as long as head and body, sharply pointed ; its outline not strongly sinuous ; fin-membranes deep throughout its length. Colouration.—Mottled with dark brown on dorsal surface and sides ; fin-membranes minutely spotted ; ventral surface white. Dimensions.—The following are the measurements of a tad- pole with well developed hind legs (A) and of one in which the hind legs are just about to appear (B) :— ae B Length 3 2e-O2- miner, ) 35: mae Length of head and body" "2: SSE DOP ie Tee TO ey Bength of tail =. ° pre nee toler Oe, Maximum width of body .. Abeta is Siasoe Sear Maximum depth of body .. get EO Taper Maximum depth of tail nfs ew LA © Saas 2. Tadpole of Peninsular Indian race (maculatus). The larvae of this race differ from those of the Himalayan race in the following points :— i. The head and body are flatter above. ii. The lips are even narrower. iii. ‘The habit is more slender and the dimensions less, iv. The colour is very pale brown or green with scattered pigment-cells of a darker shade on the back and sides. Both races apparently differ from the Malay one in having the outline of the tail less strongly sinuous and in colouration. In all essential structural characters, however, they are identical. Ferguson’s Travancore tadpoles differed slightly in colouration from my Orissa ones. The breeding season in Travancore lasts, according to that author, from June to November; both in the E. Himalayas and the plains of Lower Bengal, it is in progress in July, August and September. I have never seen the tadpoles of either race in running water. The eggs in their frothy covering are usually laid at the edge of small pools. E. Larva of PHRYNODERMA MOLOCH, sp. nov. (Plate iv, fig. 6.) The tadpoles are very like those of Jxalus horridus, Blgt.', but have a longer and more Bored t tail, and when full-grown 1 Report on the Reptiles in Annandale and Robinson’s Fasciculi ine NSS, i, p. 139, pl. vi, figs. 2a, 2b (1902). 26 Records of the Indian Museum. VoL. Vile develop the characteristic dorsal rugosities of the adult before the fore-legs break through. The head and body are flattened and pra adty oval, being only a little longer than broad. The tail as .a whole tapers gradually and is nearly twice as long as the head and body. ‘The colour is an almost uniform black or dark grey, except that the margins of the lips are white and the lower surface slightly paler than the dorsal. At the time at which the hind limbs begin to sprout out the skin is still quite smooth, but as they develop ridge-like warts appear on the dorsal surface. There are numerous little sensory pits arranged in lines on the head and body. Mouth subterminal, small; its lips by no means strongly developed.. The margin of the upper lip for the most part smooth but with a few conical tubercles where it joins the lower lip, the margin of which is completely fringed with a double row of similar tubercles. The dental formula is 1: 3+3 | 3, the first interrupted row of teeth being much longer than the other two. The beak consists of an upper and a lower part each of which is undivided; both are rather narrow; the anterior is narrowly crescentic in form, while the posterior is deeply excavated in the middle ; neither has a concavity on the exposed surface and both are minutely serrated. Nostril and eye small, dorsal, directed upwards, by no means prominent. The internasal space is about 3 the interorbital and 4 that between the nostri! and the eye; the nostril is equi- distant from the tip of the snout and the eye. Sensory pits.—On the dorsal surface of the head and body four longitudinal lines of minute white pits can be distinguished, two on either side of the middle line. Two on each side start close together on the snout and after diverging in a sinuous manner so as to include between them a nostril and an eye meet together behind the latter. On the ventral surface there are three backwardly concave transverse lines, one just behind the mouth and two, the corner of which is somewhat sinuous, posterior to it. There is also a lateral line of pits along the muscular portion of the tail and a row of larger, isolated ones along the upper fin-membrane. Spiracie sinistral, large and patent, directed backwards and situated somewhat low down on the side. Vent in the middle line. Tail.—The muscular portion is slender and tapers to a fine point. In the middle part of the tail the membrane equals it in depth both above and below, but at the base the membrane is shallow on both sides. Dimensions of an individual with well-developed hind limbs (A) and of one (B) in which they have just begun to sprout :— aX. B. Total length jee Soci 55 mm. Length of head and pods oh Be AO eB. 17a Length of tail ae Ses ou eee Eloye one LOX) N. ANNANDALE: batrachia. 247 AS B. Maximum breadth of body soph HOPING. 13 mm. Maximum depth of body piel e Il «ays Opt Maximum depth of tail Shen ee HOsee: 1 ae Habitat, etc.—Four tadpoles were taken by Capt. de Courcy near Upper Renging between the 5th and the roth of January, 1912. ‘They were in a small pool of rain-water inside a log of rotten wood and were accompanied by two adults, the types of the species. There can be no doubt as to their identity, for the largest tadpole has already begun to develop the characteristic features of the adult. It has the hind limbs well developed. F. UNDETERMINED RANID VARVA. (Plate iv, fig. 11). A number of large Ranid larvae were taken on the gth and 16th of January in the Egar stream between Renging and Rotung by Mr. Kemp and Capt. de Courey. Specimens of Rhacophorus naso, Ixalus asper and I. tuberculatus were taken with one of them, and also several Megalophrys tadpoles. Mr. Kemp suggests that they may be the larvae of one of the adults captured on the same occasion and they may well be that of a Rhacophorus. There is, however, no direct evidence as to their parentage and none of them have reached a stage in their metamorphosis that would render it possible to throw any definite light on the subject. It may be as well to describe them, however, as they present certain features of biological interest. There can be no doubt that they are specifically identical. Head and body convex above, flattened on the ventral surface, ovoid, snout bluntly rounded, projecting. Mouth ventral, very large with both lips highly developed and the lower lip directed backwards and of unusual size ; upper lip not fringed except at the corners; lower lip extending backwards for some distance behind the last row of teeth aud covered in this region with relatively large rounded tubercles, also completely fringed with smaller and more elongate tubercles; dental formula 2+2:1:5+5 41+1: 2; the outermost row of teeth on each side of the upper lip curving upwards and inwards to the margin of the lip which it reaches near the middle without meeting its fellow of the opposite side; beak stout, in two parts; the upper part having a flattened, nearly triangular area in the middle of thé free margin; this area separated from the rest of the upper beak by a minutely serrated ridge which is in continuity with the edge of the beak on either side; the lower beak broadly V-shaped, minutely serrated on the margin. Nostril and eye by no means prominent, of moderate size: eyes lateral but near the dorsal surface, directed outwards and up- wards; nostril nearer eye than tip of snout. Glands, etc.—No very definite glands can be detected but there are numerous little pits arranged along the upper lip, in a 28 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor,. VIII, line extending from near the tip of the snout upwards outside each nostril to the eye, round the eye and in two patches behind it. Spiracle sinistral, large and tubular, pointing directly back- wards. Tail rather more than twice the length of the head and body, stout, with both fin-membranes well developed throughout its length. Dimensions of tadpoles without hind limbs. Total length ne = na,-) YO ata Length of head and body bi id oo Speen Length of tail 3s “A bea. gil oe Maximum width of body oa cae EL OnaeeS Maximum depth of body =i fu ae nee Maximum depth of tail Bee pelt ate Colour an almost uniform dark brown; fin-membranes and ventral surface a little paler. There can be no doubt that the lips form in this species a powerful sucker, as they do even in such tadpoles as that of Rana liebiewt. It is the largest Indian tadpole with which I am ac- quainted. ; Fam. PELOBATIDAE. G. H. Larvae of MEGALOPHRYS spp. (Plate iv, figs. 8, 9, Io). Weber, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, xv, suppl. ii, p. 5, 18098; Laidlaw, P.Z.S., 1900, p. 889; Gadow, Camb. Nat. Hist., Amphib. and Rept., p. 60, fig. 11; Boulenger, ‘‘ Report on. the Reptiles,’* i ascic) Malay, Zook. fp. ee Annandale, zbid., p. 275, fig. 1; van Kampen, Natuurk. Tud. v. Ned-Ind., \xix (1), p. 27; Boulenger, P.Z.S., 1908 (I), pp. 413, 426. It has been pointed out by Mr. Boulenger and other authors that the larvae of the Oriental genus Megalophrys fall into two groups one of which resembles the larvae of European Pelobatidae and is in no way remarkable, while the other is distinguished from all other known tadpoles by the peculiar structure of the mouth. It is with the latter group that I am at present concerned. The first representative of this group to be described was M. montana (Kuhl), a species not uncommon in hilly districts of Java and the Malay Peninsula but not known to occur in the Indian Empire. ‘This larva has frequently been described and I need only refer to its colouration. ‘The whole of the body and tail are dark brown with paler markings along the sides. At altitudes of from 2,000 to 5,000 ft. in the EK. Himalayas a tadpole of precisely similar structure is abundant in small jungle streams, but it differs in colouration in two particulars, firstly in that the ventral surface is much paler than the sides and secondly that there are dark instead of pale markings on the latter. These markings take the 1@i25| N. ANNANDALE: Batrachia. 29 form of irregular spots and veinings. I have found every stage in the metamorphosis of this tadpole into M. farva, Boulenger. A second tadpole of identical structure but slightly different colouration, larger size and more slender form also occurs in the E. Himalayas and was taken in considerable numbers in the Abor foot-hills. It differs from that of M. parva in lacking the dark markings on the sides or at any rate in having them much less conspicuous and consisting only of minute spots. I believe that this larva, which I have seen from the N. Shan States, is that of M. major, Boulenger, but have only circumstantial evidence in support of this belief. A fourth Megalophrys tadpole was taken by Mr. Kemp in the Abor foot-hills. It differs from the one I have assigned pro- visionally to M@. major in being of an almost uniform dark brown colour both above and below. There is no evidence that this is the tadpole of M. kempiz1, but it may be stated that a very similar larva was taken by Mr. F. H. Gravely on the Siamese frontier of Tenasserim near the Dawna Hills in company with a young frog that apparently represents M. heteropus (Boulenger), a species hitherto known from the hills of the Malay Peninsula. It is a remarkable fact that whereas the tadpoles of M. has- seltt (Tshudi), a Malayan species, are of typical Pelobatid struc- ture, those of other members of the genus from the same region are not only extremely different from that form but also extremely close to one another in structure. Were it not proved that the common Darjiling tadpole is the larva of M. parva, it would be difficult to believe that it was specifically distinct from that of M. montana, although there is no difficulty in distinguishing the adults. Seeing that these two larvae belong to different species, it is evident that the larva of other species must only be identified with great caution. Part II.—BIOLOGICAL,. Of all the frogs and toads taken in the Abor foot-hills only two (Rana limnocharis and Bufo himalayanus) entirely lack ad- hesive digital disks, and we may take it that the majority of the other species are normally arboreal in habits. Some few of them, however, seem rather to be rupicolous and to live among stones at the edge of streams. It is probable that Micrixalus borealis be- longs to the latter category, but Jxalus tuberculatus, although individuals were actually found at the edge of a stream, is known also to frequent tree-trunks. Phrynoderma moloch apparently affects dead tree-trunks and lays its eggs in or near small masses of water that accumulate in them. In the dense jungles of the Malayo-Himalayan tract most of the Batrachia are as a rule arboreal and Mr. Kemp’s collection in this respect is no exception. It may be noted, further, that the great majority of his specimens are protectively coloured and resemble either the lichen-clad bark of jungle trees or the green leaves of their foliage. 30 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Wie A very interesting set of biological phenomena is illustrated by the tadpoles of the Abor foot-hills, which agree precisely in this respect with those of the Darjiling district and of hilly dis- tricts in the Malay Peninsula. In the great majority of cases their structure is adapted for life in rapid-running mountain streams subject to sudden floods, and they are provided with special apparatus with which to contend against the dangers incidental to such a life. In other words, they possess special structural faci- - lities either for clinging to fixed objects or else for floating away lightly on the surface of the flood. There has been considerable dispute as to the function of the lozenge-shaped structure surrounding the mouth of the tadpole of Megalophrys montana and similar species. Dr. Gadow suggests that the peculiar teeth on the inner surface may be used for scrap- ing the leaves of water-plants and Dr. van Kampen has observed the tadpoles rasping algae from the sides of a glass aquarium with them; but observations made in the Malay Peninsula, Burma and the Himalayas confirm me in the opinion, which was originally Fig. 1.—Tadpoles of Megalophrys montana. advanced by Prof. Max Weber, that the chief function of the whole structure is to act as a float whereby the tadpole can be carried along on the surface, and also convince me that this function is correlated with the fact that floods are one of the chief dangers which tadpoles living in mountain streamlets have to fear. I reproduce above a photograph of two living tadpoles of M. montana taken some years ago in the Malay Peninsula. Oneofthese tadpoles is lying at the bottom of the basin of water in which they were photographed and has the float folded, the other has it ex- panded onthesurface. ‘lhe water was too shallow for this tadpole’s tail to hang vertically downwards as it usually does. Dr. Gadow’s figure in the Cambridge Natural History is therefore more correct iil this respect. Although to act as a float is the main function of the oral apparatus of these Megalophrys tadpoles, and although the teeth on this apparatus are used for scraping off algae from stones (and, I think from an examination of the contents of their stomachs, also fungi from rotting wood), the apparatus has at least two other uses. In the first place it facilitates breathing when the tadpole 1912. ] N. ANNANDALE: Batrachia. 31 is lying among vegetable débris in the corner of little pools, and in the second it assists it to crawl over wet rocks and thus, perhaps, to reach a fresh pool if the one in which it is confined dries up during a period of drought. The first of these secondary functions only comes into play when the funnel is folded. As is shown in my figure in Fasciculs Malayenses, the mouth is well protected by the manner in which the lower part of the apparatus folds upwards over the upper part, but the lateral parts do not completely close together. Each margin bends inwards towards the other in such a way that on each side a narrow tube is formed down which water free from all but very minute fragments of débris is drawn to the mouth by the respiratory movements. I have often observed the larvae of M. parva adhering to rocks at the edge of small streams in the I}. Himalayas and even making their way up the faces of rocks in this position until at least the anterior part of the body was out of water. Adhesion was brought about very largely by the application of the outer surface of the lower part of the apparatus, which only bears teeth on the inner surface, to the face of the rock; but the ventral surface of the body was applied in the same manner, while the movements of the powerful tail thrust the animal upwards. A small fish (Nemachtlus yupicola) common in the same little streams actually, as I have myself observed, makes its way over rocks from pool to pool in a very similar manner, adhering partly by means of the smooth skin of its belly and partly by means of its lips. Other tadpoles which frequent the streams of the Himalayas, instead of allowing themselves to be borne away lightly on the surface of the flood, adhere to rocks at the bottom or sides of the stream and have been found firmly fixed even in the immediate vicinity of waterfalls. ‘The majority of the species both of the Darjiling district and of the Abor foot-hills adhere mainly by means of their lips, the inner, tooth-bearing surface of which is applied to the rocks. It is for this reason that in these species the position of the mouth is much more nearly horizontal than it is in many other tadpoles and the lips themselves are more or less en- larged. In such forms as the larva of Rana liebigit the lips, although they are distinctly broader than in the typical Rana tadpole and are directed forwards and backwards respectively instead of both forwards, are not monstrously developed; but in other forms, such as the large unidentified Ranid larva described above, they attain enormous dimensions and form together a powerful sucker possibly rendered necessary by the large size and heavy build of their possessor, for even the lips of the tadpole of R. liebigit enable it to cling tightly. In some other species a sucker quite separate from the lips and not homologous with the sucker that many young Batrachia larvae possess, is found on the ventral surface, doubtless for the same purpose. Rana afghana and sevetal allied Himalayo-Malayan frogs have this sucker in their larval stage. 32 Records of the Indian Museum. [ Vor. VIIT; It is noteworthy that the means whereby the fishes of the streams of the Himalayas adhere to rocks are analogous to those adopted by the tadpoles which live in the same environment. Nemachilus rupicola, as has already been stated, clings to rocks by means of the smooth skin of its belly and of its enlarged lips, just as the tadpole of Megalophrys parva does; several other mountain Cyprinidae have their mouths modified in a manner that would suggest their being used in the same way as the lips of Rana liebigit, while Discognathus lamta certainly adheres to the bottom in rapid water very largely by means of its lips, which recall those of the unidentified Ranid tadpole of the Abor foot-hills. The Silurid genera Pseudecheneis and Glyptosternum, on the other hand, cling by means of a separate abdominal sucker as the tadpole of R. afghana does. There can be no doubt that these are instances of convergence, and there is some evidence that even in the case of the tadpoles of mountain streams, the same method of adhering to fixed bodies in rapid-running water has been acquired independently in some instances by different species. The lips of the tadpole of Bufo penangensts ,' for example, appear to resemble closely those of the unidentified Abor larva, which must certainly be assigned to the Ranidae, and enlarged lips like those of Rana lebigit are found in different species the adults of which are by no means closely allied. It can hardly be that the adaptation of such tadpoles, striking as it is, has been brought about by genetic relationship between the different species that possess it. The adults of most of the Abor frogs and toads have developed adhesive disks on their fingers without being in all cases closely related to one another, and we must suppose that the development of special abdominal suckers or of greatly enlarged lips is a similar phenomenon due, directly or indirectly, to environment rather than to the possession of a common ancestry by animals which have undergone parallel evo- lution in one particular. Part III.—GEOGRAPHICAL,. GEOGRAPHICAL LIST OF THE SPECIES IN THE COLLECTION. NAME. SIKHIM. | ASSAM. BURMA. REMARKS. RANA | x X X | Cosmopolitan. 1. R. cyanophlyctis .. X X X Throughout Oriental : | | Region. 2, R. liebigit a | X | X | X | | | 3 3. R. tigrina | X | X | X Almost all over Ori- | ental Region. 1 Flower, P.Z.S., 1899, p. 909. 1912. | N. ANNANDALE: Batrachia. ae | NAME. SIKHIM. ASSAM. BURMA. | REMARKS. 4. R. limnocharis X X X Even more widely dis- tributed. | 5. R. alticola Xx X | Also in N. W. Hima- _ layas, Bengal and Orissa. 6. R. granulosa x x | Also in Yunnan; in Assam only N. of Brahmaputra. 7. R. afghana x x X _ Not in Afghanistan. 8. R. gerbillus * | dic MICRIXALUS x Hitherto regarded as | peculiar to §, India and Ceylon. g. M. borealis * RHACOPHORUS.. x x X Oriental Region, | China, Japan, Ma- | dagascar 10. Rh. maximus ; | x x 11. Rh. bimaculatus x | Only known hitherto from the Khasi | Hills. 12. Rh. naso * ae | ae e 13. Rh. microdiscus* .. | P | 14. Rh. maculatus hima- | layensis =| X x x _ Also in Yunnan. 15. Rh tuberculatus | X /Not known S. of | | Brahmaputra. TXALUS <: x - x |S. India, Ceylon, FE. Himalayas, As- | sam, Burma, Indo- | China, Malaysia. | 16. I. asper x | Also in Malay Penin- | sula and islands. 17. [. annandalei x x | Not known S._ of Brahmaputra. 18. J argus* 19. I. tuberculatus x Described from the Chinese frontier of Burma. CHIRIXALUS x Hitherto only known from Burma. 34 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor VIII, | NAME. SIKHIM, ASSAM. BURMA. REMARKS. 20. Ch. doriae a Bi | 5 | x | | | PHRYNODERMA ee | St X | Hitherto only known from Burma. 21. Ph. moloch * =f Se oe | aS ap BUFO se | 4 x x Almost cosmopolitan ; not in Australia or Madagascar. 22. B. melanostictus .. | X X | X Throughout Oriental | Region. 23. B. himalayanus .. | X pt | vs E. Himalayas only. | MEGALOPHRYS. . | X X X Damper parts of Ori- | | ental Region; notin S. India or Ceylon. 24. M. major. ate Xx X | 25. M. kempi* —— So far as the genera mentioned in the foregoing list are con- cerned, its most striking features are the number of species of Ixalus included and the fact that the allied Burmese genera Chirix- alus and Phrynoderma are also represented. Until recently the genus Ixalus, which abounds in Burmese and Malay forms, was not known from any part of the Himalayas or Assam, and even now only one species has been proved to exist in the Himalayas, west of Bhutan, namely Jxalus annandalei, Boulenger.' It is pro- bable that another species (J. asfer) also occurs in the Nepal foot- hills, but, even so, the genus is characteristically non-Himalayan.” Chirixalus and Phrynoderma have hitherto been monotypic genera, as the former still remains, and have only heen recorded from the Karin Hills. The occurrence of the S. Indian genus Micrixalus in the Abor foot-hills is exactly parallel to that of the lacertilian genus Salea, a species of which has recently been described from the adjacent Dafla country. We may analyse the list further as regards species in the following manner, dividing them into seven geographical groups :— A. Species apparently endemic in the foot-hills EF. of Bhutan = -. 7==28% B. Forms found in the Himalayas, “ieesin and Burma 52056 Cc. Species of very wide distribution -» 4=16% WV [fea S.B., 1906 (2), p. 385. 2 CH. Blanford, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., cxciv (B), p. 421 (1901). IgI2.] N. ANNANDALE: Batrachia. 35 D. Species known from Sikhim and from Assam S. of the Brahmaputra as a On E. Species hitherto only known from Assam... 2= 8% F. Species hitherto only known from Burma or Burma and Malaysia iS — 29%, G. Species only known from the Himalayas Co 2 8% Stated in this manner the figures show at a glance how very distinct the Batrachian fauna of the N. E. corner of Assam and the Abor foot-hills is from that both of the Himalayan foot-hills W. of Bhutan and from that of the districts S. of the Brahmaputra. They also show, however, that there is considerably greater affinity in the latter direction than in the former, and it is by no means improbable that further research among the Batrachia of southern Assam will increase rather than diminish the resemblance. It is, moreover, noteworthy that one of the two purely Himalayan forms (Bufo himalayanus) represented in Mr. Kemp’s collection of frogs and toads is of doubtful validity as a species and that specimens from the Abor hills do not agree in every respect with those from Darjiling. Several of the species whose names occupy a place in Mr. Kemp’s list were not taken actually in the foot-hills, but in the plains at their base. These species are the following:—Ixalus as- samensis from group G; Rana alticola and R. granulosa from group B, and Rana cyanophlyctis, R. tigrina and Bufo melanostictus from group C. If we eliminate these names, we get the following num- bers and percentages in the different groups :— A. Species apparently endemic in the Hima- layan foot-hills E. of Bhutan 7=37 G B. Species from the Himalayas, Assam and Burma eS TOs C. Species of very wide distribution oe) Ieee, D. Species from Sikhim and from Assam S. of the Brahmaputra = 2=10°5% E. Species hitherto known only from Assam 2=105% F. Species hitherto known only from Burma or from Burma and Malaysia a — TO. 9% G. Species known only from the Himalayas .. I=5'25% These percentages, which are calculated roughly, show that the Batrachian fauna of the Abor foot-hills, in so far as it is illus- trated by Mr. Kemp’s collection, includes about 37% of apparently endemic species, about 16% of species that also occur both in Sikhim on the one hand and in Burma and Assam on the other and also of species hitherto known from Burma but not from Assam, about 10$% of species not known from Burma but common to the EK. Himalayas and Assam and the same percentage of species only known hitherto from Assam, and about 53% both of widely distributed species and of exclusively Himalayan forms. A true jungle fauna, if the jungle be of the damp equatorial kind, rarely 36 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VI, r912.] includes many species of Batrachia of a very wide distribution, and it is no exception to this rule to find that such forms are scarce in the Abor foot-hills; the large number of endemic species is a correlated fact. It is well known to be the case that the rep- tiles and Batrachia of the K. Himalayas, Assam and Burma have a strong affinity, and it seems probable that a rich Malayan element has made its way northwards and westwards into the damp ever- green jungles of these countries, gradually becoming more and more attenuated as the climate grows drier and less equable towards the west. All the evidence at present available, therefore, supports the view that the fauna of the extreme eastern part of the Himalayan foot-hills is not, at any rate so far as the frogs and toads are con- cerned Himalayan in the sense in which the term has hitherto been understood, but allied rather to the fauna of Assam south of the Brahmaputra or even to that of Burma. In other words, Blanford’s ‘‘ Eastern Himalayan Tract’’ does not extend, so far as the Batrachia are concerned, nearly so far to the east as he believed, while his ‘‘ Assam Tract’’ extends northwards to include the foot-hills north of the Brahmaputra as well as its upper valley and the mountains lying south of it. It is probable also that no very clear line of division exists between his ‘‘ Assam Tract’’ and his “Upper Bima -ract: In conclusion I must thank Mr. Kemp for the very careful way in which his collection was preserved and labelled, and also those who helped him, especially Capt. the Hon. M. de Courcy, for the interesting specimens they contributed. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. ABOR BATRACHIA. Fic. 1.—Rana gerbillus, i) ” sp. nov. ta. Profile of head. (From type). 2—Micrixalus borealts , sp. nov. 21 ae ee », (From co=type): 3.—khacophorus naso, sp. nov. Si panns », (From type). 4.—Kkhacophorus microdiscus, sp. nov. Ain cas 3 5, (From type). 5.—Khacophorus tuberculatus, Anderson. 5a. e 58 yh? Jina @ 4h gem taal? i n Rec. Ind. Mus.,Vol. VIL, 1912, (Abor Exp) Plate ll. 5 9 . wt G5 eee ae = bees Sat A.C.Chowdhary, del. ue Pp OR EAC RAG riLA, Bemrose, Collo,, Derby. EXPLANATION OF PILATE III. ABOR BATRACHIA. Fic. 1.—Ixalus tuberculatus, Anderson. ta. Profile of head. 2.—Ixalus annandalet, 3) Boulgr. Zea Oe) », 3-—Ixalus argus,sp.nov. 3a. ,, ,; (From type). 5, 4.—Phrynoderma moloch , Sp. nov. HOS ,, (From co-type). 5.—-Megalophrys kempi, sp. nov. Sian ore > (Brom typescae Plate Ill. od Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. VIll,1912. (Abor Exp.) Bemrose, Collo, Derby. A.C.Chowdhary, del. ADO BATRA CHLA: Se GF i Pm EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. . HIMALAYAN ‘TADPOLES. Fic. 1.—Tadpole of Rana alticola, Boulgr. 1a. Head of younger dx) tadpole from above ( X 2). 2.—Tadpole of Rana hebigi, Gunth. 2a. Mouth of same (X 2). 3.—Tadpole of Rana afghana (Gunth.) (x14). 3a. Mouth and ventral sucker of same ( X 2). 4.—Tadpole of Rhacophorus maculatus (Gray), (typical form). 5.—Tadpole of Rhacophorus maculatus himalayensis, subsp. nov. 6,—Tadpole of Phrynoderma moloch, sp. nov. 6a. Head of larger tadpole from above. 7.—Tadpole of Bufo himalayanus, Gunth. (X2). 8.—Tadpole of Megalophrys parva, Boulgr. (X14). 8a. Head of same from above (X2). 8b. Ventral surface of same (x2). 8c. Mouth of same from in front ( X 4). 9g.—Tadpole of Megalophrys (2) major, Boulgr. ( X 14). 10.—Tadpole of Megalophrys, sp. indet. from Abor country (X13). ., 11.—Tadpole of undetermined Ranid from Abor country. Ita. Mouth of same ( X 2) - Rec. Ind. Mus ee VIL, 1912. (Abor Exp.) ae ane - r pe PP > tide ae a J . neler Sarre Dice Sat @ , Ce ae 3 Sipe BI ate ES ; - ; a = tba eee see te - o ie ois Pe SOND a ain ag ay eet iets . Pre ute ip UNE ¥ te Y ‘ ie tee bh = ~° Ke > Sha ar ar) LS BORE a > —= ae : (a= 8x 1s Bemrose, Collo,, Derby. HIMALAYAN TADPOLES. MERE PPE ra: (Plate v.) By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., F.A.S.B., Superintendent, Indian Museum. Although the reptiles brought back by Mr. Kemp are perhaps less interesting than the Batrachia, this is due solely to the fact that the reptiles of the eastern parts of the Indian Empire have been far more carefully studied than the toads and frogs. The collection consists of 83 specimens of snakes, representing 26 species (of which 3 have not previously been described); 40 speci- mens of lizards, representing 16 species (of which I is new), anda single tortoise; that is to say, 124 specimens in all, representing 43 species. Part I.—SYSTEMATIC. LIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED OR OBSERVED. EMYDOSAURIA. 21. Typhlops diversiceps, nov. 1. Gavialis gangeticus. 22. Tvachischium monticola. 23. Blythia reticulata. CHELONIA. . Kachuga tectum. . Hemidactylus platyurus. No oe) . Aproaspidops antecursorum, gen. Nov., Sp. nov. LACERTILIA. 25. Polydontophis collaris. 3. Gymnodactylus khastensis. ab q pas P one ss ects 4. Hemidactylus frenatus. se ‘4 - = p Boner 5. Hemidactylus bowringit. Be eae atl ee eno 6. Hemidactylus brookii. Bo pees EO ETES. 2 4 30. Oligodon erythrorachis. 8 raed wens 31. Zamenis mucosus. 9. Ptyctolaemus gularis. 32. Sg PE 10. Acanthosaura minor. SO eer OP HES SORE SC Hini es er color. 34. Pseudoxenodon macrops. 12. Calotes jerdoni. 35- Tropidonotus platyceps. 13. Ophisawrus gracilis 36. Tropidonotus khastensts. 14. Varanus bengalensis. 37-1 r0p tdonotus piscator. 15. Lachydromus sexlineatus. Beans P SONI TOy Ries ponder RRR ahaa: Machine 39. Psammodynastes pulverulen- eer he ue tus. 17. Lygosoma indicum. = 40. Dryophis prasinus. Ae ke ie a tae 41. Callophis macclellandit. OPHIDIA. 42. Amblycephalus monticola. 19. Typhlops diardt. 43. Trimeresurus monticola. 20. Typhlops tephrosoma. 44. Trimeresurus gramineus, 38 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vit EMYDOSAURIA. 1. Gavialis gangeticus (Gmel.). Boulenger, fauna, p. 3. Although no specimens of the Gharial were obtained, Mr. Kemp tells me that it is not uncommon at Kobo together with the Gangetic Porpoise (Platanista gangetica). Apparently the short- nosed Crocodile (Crocodilus palustris) does not make its way so far up the Brahmaputra, although it occurs between Mangaldai in the Darrang district and Gauhatt. CHELONIA. 2. Kachuga tectum (Gray). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 43; Cat. Chelonia Brit. Mus., p. 58; Siebenrock, Zool. Jahrb. Jena, 1909, suppl. x, p. 454. A shell and skull of the genus Kachuga were obtained from the Dihang R. below Pasighat and must be referred to this species. The shell, however, which measures 21°7 cm. in length, is narrower than is usually the case, and Mr. Kemp tells me that the soft parts were deep olive in life without reddish marks of any kind. Pos- sibly the specimen represents a local race, but I have examined apparently typical individuals of K. tectum from N. E. Assam. The limits of the range of K. tectum are very imperfectly known. It has been recorded from several localities in central and western India and certainly occurs in many different parts of the river-systems of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra. All specimens, however, that I have examined from central India, although several were labelled K. tectum, actually represented K. intermedia, a very closely allied and somewhat variable form that is common all over the Mahanaddiriver-system and also in the lower reaches of the Godavari. I have recently seen large numbers of this form from Cuttack and Sambalpur in Orissa and find that the proportions and outlines of the neural plates are so variable that little reliance can be placed on them in separating the ‘‘ species ”’ from K. tectum. ‘The skulls of the two forms are identical. The only constant feature of difference is therefore colouration, and I am inclined to think that the late Dr. Blanford! was right in re- garding K. intermedia as being only a ‘‘ variety” (or, as I would prefer to call it, a subspecies) of K. tectum. ‘The true K. tectum also occurs, according to Siebenrock, in Cochin China, Pangshura cochinchinensis, ‘Tirant,* being synonymous. Mr. Kemp tells me that he could hear of only one land-tortoise having been seen during the Expedition and that it was not secured. ‘Terrestrial Chelonia hibernate in northern India, but no species has as yet been recorded from the Himalayas. | J.A.S.B., (2) xxxix (1870), p. 339, and xlviii (1879), p. 110. % Etudes Div. Miss. Pavée, iii, p. 494 (1904). 1912. ] N. ANNANDALE: Reptilia. 39 LACERTILIA. Fam. GECKONIDAE. 3. Gymnodactylus khasiensis (Jerdon). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 68. Originally described from the Khasi Hills, this lizard appears to have a fairly wide range in the mountains of Assam and_ north- ern Burma. Two specimens were taken by Mr. Kemp at Kobo in Decem- ber under the bark of a tree, together with a young Ptyctolaemus gularvis. Others were obtained by the 32nd Sikh Pioneers at an altitude of about 2,000 feet at Upper Rotung. My own G. himalayicus' is a very closely related species, differing in its slighter build, more obscure colouration and less compressed digits and also in having a well-defined triangular patch of enlarged scales just behind the praeanal pores. This last point, however, is not a very good character as in some specimens of G. khasiensts, of which I have examined a large series, there is a single enlarged scale, or even a pair of such scales, in the same position, although in others the scales are uniformly small. 4. Hemidactylus frenatus, D & B. A very common lizard at low altitudes in the E. Himalayas, Assam, Burma and the Malay Peninsula; often found in houses. A specimen was taken on a lamp-post in the streets of Dibru- garth in November. 5. Hemidactylus bowringii (Gray). Not uncommon at low altitudes in the E. Himalayas and in Assam and Burma, this species is occasionally found in houses. It is, however, more often taken in the jungle. There is a specimen in the collection from Sadiya. 6. Hemidactylus brookii, Gray. Henudactylus gleadovit, Boulenger, Fauna, p. 86, fig. 27. Henudactylus brook, id., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) i, p. 123 (1898), and Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus., vii, p. 45 (1912). This species, which is one of the commonest house-lizards all over the plains of India (in northern Madras certainly the com- monest), has a very wide distribution in the tropics but apparently avoids mountainous regions. The highest altitude from which I have seen a specimen is 4,500 ft., and this was on the isolated mountain Parésnath in Chota Nagpur, now in the new Province of Bihar and Orissa. Several specimens were obtained at Sadiya. 1 J.A.S.B., 1906, p. 287, and Rec. Ind. Mus., 1, p. 152, pl. vi, figs. 1, 1a, 16, 1c, 1d (1907). 40 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vit H. brookit is by no means always domestic in its habits, but individuals found living wild among rocks or in jungle are asa rule darker in colour and somewhat stouter in form than those which inhabit human dwellings. In either case the species is mainly nocturnal. H subtriedroides' from Upper Burma only differs from H. brookit, of which it should probably be regarded as a variety, in its rather stouter habit and much larger dorsal tubercles. The tubercles are extremely variable in size even within the strict limits of H. brookit, and less frequently vary also in number, There is in the Indian Museum a specimen from Bangalore on which there are only two dorso-lateral rows of tubercles on each side, the middle region of the back being perfectly smooth. This individual was taken by myself, together with a ene one, on the post of a railing. 7. Hemidactylus platyurus (Schneid.). This gecko is common in the EK. Himalayas, in which it is found as a rule at rather higher altitudes than the two preceding species. It is widely distributed in the Indo-Malayan and Malayan countries. So far as I am aware the western limit of its range is situated in Nepal, my own H. nepalensis* being undoubtedly synonymous. In the Darjiling district H. platyurus is often found in houses, but it is naturally an inhabitant of tree-trunks. An unusually dark specimen was taken by Mr. Kemp at Pasi- ghat under the bark of a tree. Fam. AGAMIDAE. 8. Draco maculatus (Gray). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 112. This species is widely distributed in Assam, Burma, the Malay Peninsula and Yunnan, the western limit of its range being situated near the point in Assam north of the Brahmaputra at which that river bends southwards. There are three specimens in Mr. Kemp’s collection :—- 16881 Janakmukh (alt. 600 ft.) Capt. C. E. Edward-Collins. 16882 Yembung (alt. 1,100 ft.): a found vin a tt San! camp.” .. 9. W. Kemp. 16997 Pasighat aie 500 ft.) .. W. Cave-Brown. Mr. Kemp describes the colouration of No. 16882, an immature male, as follows:—‘‘ Colour of back mottled warm brown, dark brown and black. Neck above with two elliptical black markings and a pair of black spots. ‘ Wings’ above orange-brown Belly 1 Annandale, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) xv, p. 29 (1905), and J.A.S.B., 1905, Die ii higea ti. 2 Rec. Ind. Mus., i, p. 151, pl. vi, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 2¢ (1907). TOL2 | N. ANNANDALE: Reptilia. AI dull greenish vellow; bright yellow beneath and on either side of pouch. ‘Wings’ beneath dull yellowish green, the orange colouring having a tendency to show through. Lateral neck-flaps orange beneath. Predominant head-colour very dark brown.’’ The only other species of Draco as yet found in Assam is D. norvillit, Alcock,! a single specimen of which, now in the Indian Museum, was taken at Dum Duma in N.-E. Assam some years ago. This species is closely related to D. blanfordii, Boulenger, from which it differs in having the tympanum completely covered with small scales. From D. maculatus it is easily distinguished by its longer snout and by the broad patches of enlarged scales scattered on each side of the back along the base of the alar membrane. g. Ptyctolaemus gularis, Boulgr. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 117; Annandale, J.A.S.B., 1905, p. 85; Wall, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., xviii, p. 405. This is a very rare lizard in collections. I have only seen three specimens hitherto, two of them from Assam N. of the Brahmaputra. Major F. Wall, however, states that the species is common at Shillong in the Khasi Hills (4,900 ft.) and our third specimen is from that locality. The western limit of its range is apparently the same as that of Draco maculatus. It is possible _ that both will be found in the Buxa duars; we have both in the Indian Museum from Goalpara (Dhubri). Ptyctolaemus is certainly not indigenous in Calcutta. Mr. Kemp found a very young specimen at Kobo in Novem- ber; although probably not long hatched (or born), it bore the characteristic grooves on the side of the neck. Adults were taken at Kobo by Capt. de Courcy and at Rotung by Mr. Kemp, who did not obtain the species at altitudes of over 1,300 ft. 10. Acanthosaura minor (Gray). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 127. This species is known from both Sikhim and the Khasi Hills. It is, however, rare in the Darjiling district. A small specimen was obtained at Upper Rotung (alt. ca. 2,000 ft.) in January. 11. Calotes versicolor (Daud.). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 135, fig. 42; Annandale, Rec. Ind. Mus., vii, p. 46. The only specimen in the collection is a very young one obtained at Sadiya. 1 J.A.S.B., (2) Ixiv, p. 14, pl. iii (1895) 42 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Wilde 12. Calotes jerdonii, Gunth. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 137. Common in the Khasi Hills; Col. Godwin-Austen obtained specimens in the Dafla Hills to the west of the Abor country, in which Mr. Kemp collected it at Komsing, Yembung and Balek. Both his specimens and Col. Godwin-Austen’s are quite typical. Fam ANGUIDAE. 13. Ophisaurus gracilis (Gray). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 159, fig. 47. A common species in the EK. Himalayas at altitudes of between 4,000 and 5,000 ft.; it also occurs in the Khasi Hills, in Upper Burma and Yunnan and probably in the hills of Pegu. A number of individuals of different ages were taken in the neighbourhood of Upper Rotung and Upper Renging (2,000— 2,150 ft.) by the 32nd Pioneers while road-making. The large specimens have the back of a bright brick-red with very con- spicuous blue cross-bars; on the tail the red fades to dull brown. The young are white with two blue-black stripes down each side and a somewhat indistinct and broken mid-dorsal stripe of the same colour; the latter is crossed at intervals by transverse rows of very small black spots, and there are rather larger black spots scattered on the lips and snout. Fam. VARANIDAE. 14. Varanus bengalensis (Daud.). All over India and Ceylon except at high altitudes; also in Upper Burma. A skin was obtained at Kobo by Col. (now Brigadier-General) D. C. F. Macintyre and presented by him to the Indian Museum. Fam. LACERTIDAE. 15. Tachydromus sexlineatus, Daud. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 169; Fasciculi Malayenses, i, p. 158; Annandale, J/.4.S.B., 1905, p. 140. This lizard is widely distributed in the damper parts of the Oriental Region. It is not found in Peninsular India. A specimen was taken at Janakmukh (alt. 600 ft.) under the bark of a tree in December. It was probably hibernating, as the species is usually found among long grass. 1912. | N. ANNANDALE: Reptilia. 43 Fam. SCINCIDAE. 16, Mabuia macularia (Blyth). A very common skink all over the plains of India, Burma and Ceylon. Two specimens were taken at Sadiya in November, “under chips of wood.’’ 17. Lygosoma indicum (Gray). Lygosoma indicum and L. zebratum, Boulenger, Fauna, p. 195. Lygosoma indicum, id., Ann. Mus. Genova (2nd set.) , xiii, p. 310. A very common species in the foot-hills of the E. Himalayas and also in hilly country in Assam and Burma. Specimens were taken under stones in the neighbourhood of Rotung and Upper Rotung (1,300 to 2,000 ft.) in December, Janu- ary and March. 18. Lygosoma courcyanum, sp. nov. (Plate v.,. fig..5;) Subgenus Hinulia. Allied to L. (Hinulia) cacharense! from Assam but much more slender and with shorter limbs. Habit slender, lacertiform; the distance between the axilla and the groin nearly twice that between the tip of the snout and the fore limb. Tail nearly twice as long as head and body. ‘Total length 100 mm. Head small, narrow, triangular; snout pointed; loreal region vertical; lower eye-lid scaly ; ear-opening subcircular, much smaller than eye, without lobules; nostril pierced in a_ single nasal. Rostral much broader than deep, forming an extensive suture with fronto nasal; fronto-nasal undivided, much longer than praefron- tals; no supranasals; praefrontals separate, short; frontal shorter than its distance from tip of snout, a little shorter than the parie- tals; its greatest breadth to its length as 7 to 9; parietals not meeting behind interparietal, forming a lengthy suture; inter- parietal small; a single pair of enlarged nuchals; 4 large, subequal supraoculars; 7 upper labials, 4th, 5th and 6th under eye. Scales of body smooth, imbricate, in 24 rows; the ventrals slightly larger than the dorsals; two large praeanals. Limbs short but well-formed, separated by a considerable dis- tance where adpressed. ‘Toes not compressed, of moderate length ; II smooth lamellae under 4th toe. Colouration.—Dorsal surface olive-brown minutely speckled with black; tail rather darker than back; a narrow pale band ex- tending on each side from above the eye to the base of the tail; a rather broader black band running immediately below it; sides yellowish speckled with black; lateral surface of tail suffused with slate grey; ventral surface yellowish, speckled with slate-grey on tail. ! Annandale, J/.A.S.B., 1905, p. 145. A4 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vidie Dimensions of type :-— Total length .. Ae Je LOO tain, Length of head and body .. o> CBee Length of head ae bey akan Breadth of head sf sts re ye Fore limb oA 3 Ss Oiee & Hind limb e ns te 13 fone Type.—No. 16900 in the Indian Museum register of Reptiles and Batrachia. Habitat.—Two specimens were taken by Capt. the Hon. M. de Courcy, one at Rotung (1,300 ft.), the other at Upper Rotung (ca. 2,000 ft.). OPHIDIA. Mr. Kemp asks me to state that a very large proportion of the snakes in his collection were captured by the officers and men of the 32nd Sikh Pioneers at the instance of Capt. the Hon. M. de Courcy. They were found while road-making, chiefly in Decem- ber and January, and were probably hibernating at the time. Other snakes were presented by Capt. J. S. O’Niell, Capt. F. H. Stewart and Capt. R. S. Kennedy of the Indian Medical Service. Ham. TY PEO Pi) Aw, 19. Typhlops diardi, Schleg. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 238, fig. 7o. A considerable number of specimens of this common Hima- layo-Burmese species were taken at Kobo, Pasighat, Janakmukh and Balek, several of them having been found crawling about on the surface in camp after rain. T. dvardi occurs all over Assam and Burma and is also found in the Himalayas, Siam and other adjacent countries. 20. Typhlops tephrosoma, Wall. Wall, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., xviii, p. 314. A small specimen taken by the 32nd Sikh Pioneers at Janak- mukh agrees well with Major Wall’s description of the type from the Khasi Hills. 21. Typhlops diversiceps, sp. nov. (Plate wa igs.) This species belongs te the same group as T. braminus and T. beddomiz, but the anterior nasal is not in contact with the prae- ocular and the posterior nasals do not meet behind the rostral. Snout rounded, projecting. Nostril lateral, nasal completely divided; rostral barely reaching the level of the eyes, not half as wide as snout; upper head-scales about twice as large as body- Our IgI2.] N. ANNANDALE: Reptilia. 4 scales, transverse; anterior nasal widely separated from praeocular, in contact with first labial below; posterior nasal much larger, in contact with second labial, not meeting its fellow on the top of the head; eyes moderately distinct; praeocular larger than ocular, in contact with second and third labials; ocular in contact with third and fourth labials; 4 upper labials. Diameter of body 4o0 times in total length; tail longer than broad, ending in a minute spine; 18 scales round body. Colour dark olive-brown, slightly paler on ventral surface. Dorsal surface of head chestnut, ventral surface pale yellow; the latter shade extending upwards on either side to the level of the eyes in the form of a narrow triangle, very clearly defined posteriorly on the throat. Length 160 mm.: length of tail 3 mm. Type.—No. 16864, Ind. Mus. Locality.—Pasighat (500 ft.) 25-ili-12. (Capt. R. S. Kennedy, TMS.) Fam. COLUBRIDAE. Subfamily COLUBRINAE. 22. Trachischium monticola (Cantor). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 286. A common snake in the hills of Assam, less abundant in the E. Himalayas. Ten specimens were taken by the 32nd Sikh Pioneets while road-making in the neighbourhood of Upper Rotung (alt. ca. 2,000 ft.) in January. Capt. de Courcy took another in the Sirpo valley near Renging. 23. Blythia reticulata (Blyth). Boulenger, 0. cit., p. 287, fig. 92. Three specimens were taken at Upper Renging, at Upper Rotung and in the Sirpo valley near Renging. The species, which is the only one in the genus, is characteristically Assamese. Fresh adult specimens are almost black in colour with a beautiful deep- blue iridescence, the pale markings becoming inconspicuous with age. Aproaspidops, gen. nov. This new genus is allied to Trivhinopholis and Plagiophols, Boulenger, both of which are only known from Burma. It thus belongs to a peculiar little group of monotypic genera that includes Blythia and the two just mentioned and inhabits hilly country in Burma and Assam. Aproaspidops can be recognized easily by the fact that there is an azygous shield between the rostral and the supranasals and also a small! postnasal on each side. There is no praeocular and no loreal, unless the latter name should be applied to the small scale I have called the postnasal, 46 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VoL. Vaiie Maxillary moderate, with about 20 teeth, which decrease slightly in size from before backwards; mandibular teeth similar to maxillary. Head not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril pierced between two nasals, the posterior of which is followed by a small scale (postnasal) in contact with the supra- nasal, praefrontal and first upper labial. Praefrontal entering the eye and in contact with upper labials; no praeocular; rostral separated from supranasals by a triangular azygous shield. Scales smooth, without apical pits, imbricate, in 12 straight rows; ven- trals rounded ‘Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. 24. Aproaspidops antecursorum, sp. nov. (Plate v; fig. 2.) Snout moderate, rounded. Rostral much wider than deep, just visible from above, much deeper than the shield which separ- ates it from the supranasals; the latter completely divided, about half as long as the praefrontals, which are also completely divided ; frontal about 13 times as long as broad, about as long as its distance from the snout, much shorter than the parietals. Nostril between two small, deeply concave scales, separated from the first labial; postnasal triangular, smaller than the two nasals of one side together. Praefrontal in contact with second and third upper labials, the latter and the fourth entering the eye; no subocular; a single large postocular; supraocular much longer than deep; 6 upper and 6 lower labials; loreals 1+2. Two pairs of chin- shields, posterior pair very short, in contact with the fourth pair of labials; the first pair in contact with three pairs of labials, first pair of labials forming a long suture behind the mental. Ventrals 136; subcaudals 16; anal divided; tail ending in a sharp spine. Colour dark olive, each body-scale with a slightly darker border; ventrals and subcaudals with pale borders; an incomplete white collar extending over the greater part of the neck on each side some distance behind the gape. Length 162 mm.: length of tail 12 mm. Type.—No. 16844, Ind. Mus. Locality.—Janakmukh, 600 ft.: 13-xii-II. The single small, perhaps immature, specimen was taken by the 32nd Sikh Pioneers while road-making. It closely resembles young Blythia reticulata in appearance but can easily be distin- guished by its circular pupil and by the extra scales behind the rostral and the nasals. 25. Polydontophis collaris (Gray). Boulenger, op. cit., p. 302. A common snake all over the Himalayas up to 10,000 feet, in Assam, Upper Burma, etc. Specimens were taken in the Sirpo valley near Renging and at Kobo by Capt. de Courcy. They repre- sent the typical form. IQ12.] N. ANNANDALE: Reptilia. 47 26, Ablabes porphyraceus (Cantor). Boulenger, op. cit., p. 308. A common Malayo-Himalayan snake probably not found at great altitudes. Specimens were taken at Balek and between Kalek and Misshing by Capt. Wilson and Mr. Kemp respectively. 27. Ablabes pavo, sp. nov. (Platery “fie 3:) A magnificent species easily recognized by the large black and yellow ocelli on its back, but also to be distinguished by numerous scale-characters, notably by the large number of ventrals. Rostral much wider than deep, visible from above; supra- nasals distinct, about half as long as praefrontals, which are also distinct; frontal 14 times as long as broad, a little shorter than its distance from the tip of the snout, almost as long as the parietals; nasal completely divided, extending backwards as far as the suture between the second and third labial; no distinct loreal; a single praeocular; two postoculars, only the upper one in contact with the parietal; 7 upper labials, the third and. fourth entering the eye; temporals 2+2; the shields on the sides of the head minutely pitted; two pairs of chin-shields, the anterior pair in contact with three pairs of labials, the posterior pair in contact with only one pair. Scalesin 19 rows. Ventrals 233; subcaudals 80; anal and subcaudals divided. Colour.—Sides and back pale bluish grey, each scale bearing an irregular patch of peach colour; back ornamented with a row of large black longitudinally oval rings, each with a yellow centre and separated one from another by only a short interspace; on the tail the yellow centres of the rings break up into small spots and finally at the tip, disappear altogether; about 50 rings in all; sides with irregular zig-zag black, yellow-edged vertical bars; ventral surface yellowish with numerous black cross-bars which are usually interrupted in the middle line; head black with a broad yellow bar across the snout, a second across the vertex behind the, eyes and a third across the nape, the two latter being a-shaped; lips, chin and throat yellow with large black spots. Length 640 mm.: length of tail 108 mm. Type.—-No. 16797, Ind. Mus. Locality. —Up per Rotung; taken by 32nd Sikh Pioneers while road-making, 13-Xii-II. 28, Ablabes frenatus (Gunth.). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 300. A characteristic Assamese species. Three specimens were taken at Upper Rotung (2,000 ft.) in January. Two were found while road-making, while one was sitting coiled up in the middle of a path. 48 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vie 29. Simotes albocinctus (Cantor). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 312. Not uncommon in the hills of Assam and Burma. Wall! has described, under the name juglandifer, a peculiar variety distin- guished mainly by colouration but now regarded by him as a dis- tinct species. It is from the E. Himalayas and Assam. Speci- mens of the typical form were taken by Capt. de Courcy at Kobo and in the Sirpo valley near Renging. 30. Oligodon erythrorhachis, Wall. Wall, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., xix, p. 923, pl. Two specimens from Upper Rotung (alt. ca. 2,000 ft.) taken in December by the 32nd Sikh Pioneers must be referred to this species. Both, however, differ in colouration from the type. The smaller specimen measures 300 mm. in length and is of a brick-red colour with numerous white, black-edged cross-bars on the body and tail. ‘There are faint traces of a dark mid-dorsal line and the head and ventral surface are marked as in Major Wall’s figures. The second specimen is larger, measuring 510 mm., and differs from the smaller one in being of a deep crimson colour and having the cross-bars on the body and tail relatively broader and slate-grey instead of white. 31. Zamenis mucosus (Ljinn.). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 324. A small specimen of the Common Rat-Snake was taken at Janakmukh by Capt. O’ Neill. 32. Coluber taeniurus (Cope). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 333; Fascic. Malay., i, p. 162. Two specimens were taken in January at Upper Rotung by ethe 32nd Sikh Pioneers while cutting a road. ‘The species has a somewhat curious distribution, ranging from, Darjiling into not only south-western but also northern China. In the Malay Penin- sula it is usually found in caves feeding on bats. Cavernicolous individuals are always very pale in colour, but it is by no means certain that this is not due to the direct effect of lack of light on the organism. 33. Dendrophis gorei, Wall. Wall, Journ. Bombay Nat. Htst. Soc., xix, p. 829, pl.; fig: I—3 (1910). I doubt whether this is more than a local race of D. pictus peculiar to the north-east corner of Assam and the neighbouring 1 Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., xix, pp. 3, 8, and xx, p. 1162, fig. fgt 2) N. ANNANDALE: Reptilia. 49 foot-hills. There are three specimens in the Abor collection which agree well with Major Wall’s specimen from Dibrugarh now in the collection of the Indian Museum. ‘They are from Kobo (400 ft.), from between Janakmukh and Balek and from the Siyom valley below Damda (ca. 1,400 ft.). 34. Pseudoxenodon macrops (Blyth). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 340. A specimen was taken near Sidi stream (alt. ca. 2,000 ft.) by the 32nd Sikh Pioneers. The species is very common in the Darjiling district from the base of the foot-hills up to 5,000 ft., occurring also in the hills of Assam and Burma but apparently in smaller numbers. 35. Tropidonotus platyceps, Blyth. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 344. A very variable species common in the Himalayas up to 10,000 ft.; also occurs in the Khasi Hills and the mountains of Burma. A specimen was taken at Upper Rotung. 36. Tropidonotus khasiensis, Boulgr. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 344, and Ann. Mus. Genova (2nd ser.), xiii, Das 22. A scarce species hitherto only found in the Khasi and Karin Hills. One was taken at Rotung by Capt. de Courcy. 37. Tropidonotus piscator (Schneid.). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 349. Young specimens of this very common and widely distributed species were taken at Rotung and Upper Rotung (1,300 and ca. 2,000 ft.). It occurs in the W. Himalayas up to at least 4,500 ft. Subfamily DrepSADOMORPHINAE. 38. Dipsadomorphus gokool (Gray). Dipsas gokool, Boulenger, Fauna, p. 360. Dipsadomorphus gokool, id., Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., ii, p. 64 (1895). A specimen was taken at Dibrugarh. It is not improbable that this snake is actually restricted to Assam, for Cantor’s localities are notoriously inaccurate and the record of this species from Penang apparently rests on a specimen from his collection in the British Museum. Bengal and Assam were not clearly distin- guished by many of the older naturalists who wrote on Indian reptiles. 50 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor.PVadie 39. Psammodynastes pulverulentus (Boie), Boulenger, Fauna, p. 363, and Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., iii, De 173: Specimens, 8 in all, were taken at the following places during the Expedition:--Kobo, Balek, Rotung, the Sirpo valley near Renging and Renging. ‘The species is widely distributed in the damper parts of the Oriental Region but does not occur in Penin- sular India. Mr. Kemp’s series exhibits a remarkable range of colour-variation, no two individuals being precisely alike in coloura- tion. 40. Dryophis prasinus, Boie. Boulenger, Fauna, p. 369. A widely distributed species in the E. Himalayas, Assam, Burma, Indo-China and Malaysia. Specimens were taken at Janakmukh by Capt. O’ Neill and Capt. de Courcy, at Rotung by Capt. F. H. Stewart and at Balek by Capt. Wilson. All belong to the typical leaf-green form. Subfamily ELAPINAE. 41. Callophis macclellandii (Reinh.). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 385, and Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., ii, p- 398. A very common snake in the hills of Assam, occurring also in the EK. Himalayas, Burma, S. China, ete. ‘Two specimens of the typical form were taken at Upper Rotung (2,000 ft.) by the 32nd Sikh Pioneers. Fam. AMBLYCEPHALIDAE. 42. Amblycephalus monticola (Cantor). Boulenger, Fauna, p. 415. This snake, which occurs in the E. Himalayas, the hills of Assam and the Nicobar Is., is evidently very common in the Abor foot-hills. The 32nd Sikh Pioneers took 12 specimens of different sizes while road-making in the neighbourhood of Upper Rotung in January. They also caught specimens at Rotung and in the Sirpo valley. Fam. VIPERIDAE. 43. Lachesis monticola (Gunth.). Tyimeresurus monticola, Boulenger, Fauna, p. 426. Lachests monticola, id., Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., iii, p. 548. Widely distributed in the E. Himalayas, the mountains of Assam, Burma and Yunnan and in hilly districts of the Malay Peninsula. ‘Iwo specimens were obtained, one at Rotung, the other at Upper Rotung. Mr. Kemp tells me that he heard it stated 1912. | N. ANNANDALE: Reptilia. 51 on several occasions that Russel’s Viper (Vipera russelt) occurs in the Abor country but that these statements probably referred to Trimeresurus monticola. 44. Lachesis gramineus (Shaw). Trimeresurus gramineus, Boulenger, Fauna, p. 420. Lachests gramineus, id., Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., iii, p. 554- A small specimen of the typical green form was taken at Kobo by Capt. Mitchell. The species is common in the hills of Assam, Burma, Malaysia, etc. and also occurs in the Himalayas. Part II.—GEOGRAPHICAL,. The following species are only represented in Mr. Kemp’s collection by specimens obtained at Dibrugarh or Sadiya or observed or caught in the Dihong R. :—Gavialis gangeticus, Kachuga tectum, Henudactylus frenatus, H. bowringii, H. brookii, Calotes versicolor, Mabuia macularia and Dipsadamorphus gokool. ‘These 8 species cannot, therefore, be regarded as having been proved to be inhabi- tants of the Abor foot-hills. The Indian Museum is, however, fortunate in possessing the collection of reptiles made in the Dafla foot-hills, which are situated a short distance to the west of the Abor country, by Col. Godwin-Austen many years ago, and it will add interest to geographical speculations about the fauna of the latter country if we combine the list of Mr. Kemp’s collection with one of that obtained by Col. Godwin-Austen. GEOGRAPHICAL LIST OF THE REPTILES KNOWN FROM THE HIMALAYAN FOOT-HILLS EK. OF BHUTAN. Name. Assam. Sikhim. | Burma. | REMARKS. » Nicoria tricavinata “ns x ve ie Taken by Col. Godwin- Austen in the Dafla Hills; also. known from Assam north of the Brahmaputra and from Chota Nag- | | pur in Peninsular | | India. Gymnodactylus khasien- | StS! ax. X ne X Khasi Hills and Upper | Burma. Hemidactylus frenatus. . 4 x | x Common in the Malay Peninsula; taken in the Datla Hills: very widely distri- buted. 52 Records of the Indian Museum. [ Vor... V de Name. Assam. Sikhim. Burma. REMARKS. Hemidactylus platyurus. Draco maculatus Ptyctolaemus gularis Acanthosaura minor Calotes jeydontt Japalura andersont- ana* 1 Salea austeniana * ? Ophisaurus gractlis Vavranus bengalensis .. | Tachydromus sexlineatus Lygosoma indicum . courcyanum,* sp. nov. 9? Typhlops braminus albopunctatum| The Himalayas from the Nepal Valley eastwards ; also Ceylon, Malayasia, etc Malaya Peninsula, W. China, etc. Assam N. of Brahma- putra and Khasi Hills. | B. Himalayas and Khasi Hills. Khasi Dafla Hilis. Halis Sboth and Abor Only known from the Dafla Hills. Do. do. Perhaps only in Upper Burma. I cannot find any re- cord of the occur- rence of this com- | mon Indian species in Sikhim, but it probably does occur there. | I have not seen this species in the Hima- layas, but it is said to occur in Sikhim : it is also found in S. China, the Malay Peninsula, etc. A common species in * | Burma, not known from the Malay Peninsula. | Only known from the Abor Hills. ] | Also from Peninsular India, Malay Penin- sula, ete. Very widely distri- buted; known from the Dafla Hills. 1 Annandale, J.A.S.B., 1905, p. 85. 1 Id., Rec. Ind. Mus., Il, p. 37 (1908). 1912. | Name. N. ANNANDALE: Reptilia. Sikhim. Typhlops tephrosoma .. t} diavdt of diversiceps, * sp. nov. Tra-hischitum monticola Aproaspidops antecurso- vum,* gen. nov. Blythia reticulata Polydontophis collaris .. Ablabes porphyvaceus .. Ablabes pavo, sp.nov. .. Ablabes frenatus Simotes albocinctus Oligodon nee Zamenits mMucosus Coluber taenturus Dendyophis govet Pseudoxenodon macrops Tropidonotus platyceps | er khastensts | a9 piscator.. Burma. Only known from the Khasi Hills. Also in Indo-China, Siam, etc. Only known from the Abor Hills. Common in the BE. Himalayas and the hills of Assam, Genus only known from the Abor Hills. Common in the hills of Assam. | Also in W. Himalayas and S. W. China. Also in Yunnan, Ma- | lay Peninsula, Su- | matra, etc. | Only known from | the Abor Hills. | Hills of Assam, | Common in Assam. | Hitherto only known | from hills §S. of | Brahmaputra. |A widely distributed Oriental species. From the E. Hima- layas to Yunnan; the Malay Penin. sula; also Manchu- ria and Indo-China. Only known from the INS E. ‘comer of Assam, Hill species but not found at great alti- tudes. | Found up to 10,000 ft. ' Found in Karin and Khasi Hills. Widely distributed in Oriental Region. 54 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VIII Burma. | REMARKS. | | | Psammodynastes — pul- | | verulentus .. X | X | Xx Also in Indo-China, | | | Siam ,the Malay Pen- | insula and Archi- Name. | Assam. Sikhim. pelago, etc. Dryophis prasinus.. | x X X Do. do. | Callophis macclellandtt | x | Xx x Also in Nepal, S. | China, etc. Amblycephalus montt- | cola, X X sae Also in Nicobars. Trimeresurus monticola | X x | X | Alsoin Yunnan, Malay | Peninsula, etc. _ Also in Siam, S. China, | Indo-China, the Ma- | lay Peninsula and Archipelago. bad gramineus | X X The only tortoise in this list (Nicovia' tricarinata) is one of a small group of more or less terrestrial Chelonia that occur both in Chota Nagpur in Peninsular India and in the northern part of Assam but apparently not in any intermediate locality. It is, however, evident that we know as yet very little about the distri- bution of the Indian land-tortoises. The genera of lizards and snakes that are known to occur in the foot-hills N. of the Brahmaputra and E. of Bhutan are for the most part widely distributed. Only one appears to be endemic, viz., the new genus A proaspidops, which is allied to the Burmese genera Tvirhinopholis® and Plagiopholis.? ‘The genera Blythia and Ptyctolaemus are characteristically Assamese, while Psewdoxenodon, Japalura and Draco axe restricted to the damper parts of the Orien- tal Region, the last-named being a characteristically Malaysian genus also found in S. India, while the two first are essentially continental in distribution. The genus Salea only occurs in the foot-hills E. of Bhutan, in Lower Burma and in S. India, being thus almost analogous in its range to the Ranid genus Mzcrixalus. If we separate out the 42 species in the list into geographical groups as was done in the case of the Batrachia (p. 34 antea) we find that the following percentages can be calculated :— I. Species of wide distribution in the Hima- layas, Assam, Burma and Indo-China or Malaysia .. e T6—= 38%, II. Species of very wide general distribution 614% 1 Stejneger (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, p. 23% (1902), and Siebenrock (Zool. Jahrb. Jena, 19c9, suppl. x, p. 494, point out that by the strict letter of the law of priority the name of this genus should be Geoemyda. 2 Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 1, p. 419. = Id., ibtd., p. 301. 1912. | N. ANNANDALE: Reptilia. 55 III. Apparently endemic species 6—= 14% IV. Species only known hitherto from Assam 7= 165% VY. Assamo-Burmese species .. He 3= 7% VI. _Himalayo-Assamese species 3= 7% VII. Species only known from Assam and Peninsular India oe ee ee, There are no exclusively Himalayan species in the list and none that have hitherto been known only from Burma. If we compare this analysis with that of the Batrachian fauna of the Abor Hills published on p. 35 of this volume, the chief apparent difference is that the endemic forms appear to be fewer and the representatives of what I have called elsewhere the Malayo-Hima- layan fauna much more numerous. This may be due in part to the fact that the lizards and snakes of Assam are much better known than the frogs and toads, and in part to the wider distribu- tion of species in the former groups. In the main the results are strictly comparable in what may be regarded as their essential feature, viz., in illustrating the non-Himalayan nature of the Abor fauna. Unfortunately we know almost nothing of the reptiles and Batrachia of Bhutan, but the little that we do know would suggest that the eastern boundary of the true Himalayan fauna is formed by the R. Tista, which flows down south through the Himalayas to the west of Bhutan. This river, at any rate in its present course, is apparently a much more ancient one than the existing Brahmaputra. The reptiles of the extreme east of the Himalayas, although they have strong Assamese affinities, are by no means identical with those of the Khasi Hills. It is particularly noteworthy that the species of Japalura which occur in the Dafla Hills is not nearly so closely related to the common J. variegata! of Sikhim as that species is to J. planidorsata of the Khasi Hills, and none of the six apparently endemic species have, so far as we are aware, close allies in the other mountains of Assam. We may say therefore that the reptiles of the Abor foot-hills agree with the Batrachia in differing considerably from those of the foot-hills immediately to the west of Bhutan and in including a well-marked endemic element, but that they appear to be more closely connected with the fauna characteristic of the damp jungles of the E. Himalayas, Assam, Burma, Indo-China and the Malay Peninsula. It is to this fauna that it is convenient to apply the term ‘‘Malayo-Himalayan.’ Probably the comparative dryness of the forests on the foot-hills west of Nepal has prevented many damp-loving animals of Malayan origin from penetrating further afield in a westerly or north-westerly direction, while a smaller contingent has been stayed by the course of the R. Tista. 1 I was wrong in stating that this species occurs in Assam (J.A.S.B., 1905, p- 92), having been misled by badly preserved specimens of J. planidorsaia. 56 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vion Wag A. P Pa Neale. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW INDIAN LIZARDS. As a matter of convenience I take this opportunity to describe three lizards, one of which is of particular interest in connection with the Abor fauna in that it comes from the Bengal frontier of Bhutan. The other two are from the Bombay Presidency and Sylhet respectively. Hemidactylus platyceps, sp. nov. Habit slender; depressed; size small. Head narrowly ovoid, strongly depressed and very shallow; snout bluntly pointed, about as long as distance between eye and ear; eye small; ear-opening minute, longitudinally oval. Rostral much more than twice as broad as deep, feebly cleft above; nostril between rostral, first labial and three small scales; 9 upper, 7 lower labials; snout covered with strongly keeled granules, rest of head with smaller and slightly irregular convex granules; two pairs of chin-shields, followed on each side by several irregular scales; first pair of chin-shields forming a long suture behind mental; throat-scales small, smooth, imbricate. Scales.—Back covered with small convex granules of some- what unequal size, with 12 longitudinal. rows of much larger strongly keeled tubercles; these much larger than ear-opening ; dorsal surface of limbs covered with unequal keeled granules ; ventral scales rather large, smooth, imbricate; tail covered above and below with smooth imbricate scales which are a little larger on the ventral than on the dorsal surface. Limbs short, the adpressed hind limb barely reaching the axilla. Fingers and toes short, free; 8 lamellae under 4th, 4 under inner toe. Distal joint of inner digit extremely short. Tail short, somewhat depressed as a whole, triangular in vertical section. Colouration.—Dorsal surface dull olivaceous, with a dark longitudinal line extending on either side from the tip of the snout above the eye to the base of the tail; this line followed below by a pale one and then by a second dark one; two very narrow dark lines separated by a pale interspace below the second broader one on the sides of the belly; tail dark olivaceous; ventral surface yellowish green, suffused with dark olivaceous on the tail. Total length .. oon ee 7ZO stm. Length of head and body . Gmaseaey § Length of tail . : SOUT Length of head | se RSTO "5 Length of fore limb Ss GweelOce Length of hind limb ie (amt SORG 5 1QI2.]| N. ANNANDALE: Reptilia. 57 Habitat.—Bilimora, Bombay Presidency (T. Bainbrigge Flet- cher), 13-i-I1. Type.—No. 17020, Ind. Mus. ( 2 ). We are indebted to Mr. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher for the unique specimen of this curious little lizard, which appears to be very dis- tinct from any hitherto described. It belongs to the section of the genus typified by H. frenatus, D. & B., and is perhaps nearer the S. Indian T. reticulatus, Beddome, than any other species. It may be distinguished from that form by its flattened head, broad rostral and longitudinal dark stripes. Japalura bengalensis, sp. nov. (Plate v, fig. 4.) Japalura yunnanensis, Annandale (nec Anderson), J.A.S.B., 1906, p. 288. In the paper cited I referred to the specimen here described as the male of Japalura yunnanensis, Anderson, but having since had an opportunity of examining an example of that species and having partially dissected the one from Buxa, I find that the latter is a female and differs from the Chinese form. It may be described as follows: Habit stout; body moderately compressed ; size large. Head triangular; its dorsal surface sloping downwards and forwards from behind the eyes, slightly concave between the orbits; scales of dorsal surface irregular, keeled, largest on snout; g upper and 9g lower labials; snout longer than diameter of eye, bluntly pointed. A small gular pouch, no transverse fold across the throat. Scales of back and sides small, almost granular, mixed with much larger keeled scales which tend to be grouped in small patches; no dorso-lateral rows of enlarged scales; ventrals larger than largest dorsals, strongly keeled, imbricate, pointed behind ; scales on upper surface of limbs irregular in size, leaf-shaped, strongly keeled. Crest.—A well-developed nuchal crest (in the female) consisting of upright lanceolate scales shorter than half the diameter of the eye rising from a fold of skin covered with almost granular scales; no dorsal crest on the anterior half of back, a very slight one on the posterior half. Limbs moderate. Adpressed hind limb reaches anterior bor- der of orbit; tibia about as long as skull; third and fourth fingers equal. Colouration.—Head dull olivaceous with two narrow brown cross-bars on the dorsal surface, one just in front of, the other just behind the eye; dark lines radiating from the eye; lips with dark vertical bars; sides of head irregularly marked with dark brown; back and sides (in spirit) livid bluish-grey with a fine reticulation of dark brown; tail obscurely barred; limbs marked irregularly ; ventral surface yellowish; a black patch on the gular pouch. 58 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL VEE Total length .. Pecn( Ss): 54. Cyanirtis limbata placida, de N. 2 @ Kobo: Dec., dry season forms (S.W.K.). 55. Catochrysops stvabo, Fab. I @ Kobo: Dec. (S.W ac). 56. Castalius rosimon, Fab. 2 o@ Sadiya: Nov. (S.W.4&.); 1 9 ~““Abor Expeditions (EHeS a 57. Castalius elna, Hew. I @ sadiya: Nov. and 2-7.2 9 Kobo: Dec. (Sakae: 58. Lycaenesthes emolus, God. [ oo Sadiya: Nov: (S.Wac:): 59. Nacaduba bhutea, de N. I o& Kobo: Dec. (S.W.K.). 60. Nacaduba nora, Fd. Exc Rotung > , ii, p. 189, 9 ; Smith Cat.;i1,p. 353: Journ. Linn. Soc., xi, p. 393 ; Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 270. Xylocopa dejeanit, Lepel. Hym., ii, p. 209, 7; Smith, Cats tlym insects BM, i, p. 357 5. lourn., Linn: Soc:, xi, p. 394. Xylocopa collaris, Bingham, oe Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896, p. 456; Faun. Brit. ‘Ind. Ey, “1... 543: Seven females and two males from eens 1,100 ft., taken on the 14-1-12, boring into rotten wood, and another taken at Rotung, 1,400 ft in rotten wood on 23-xii-I1 (Kemp). . Recorded by Bingham from Sikhim, Allahabad, Kumaon, Burma, Tenasserim, Ceylon (Pundaloya), extending into the Malay region and Siam. Represented in the Indian Museum collection from Tibet (Moller). W. Himalayas :—Simla. E. Himalayas :—Sikhim. Assam :—Naga Hills; Sibsagar ; Sadiya; Margherita. Burma :—Mergui; Upper Tenasserim. 80 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL S. India :—Trivandrum, Feb., 1893. Malay Peninsula :—Johore. Represented in the Pusa collection from Bengal :—Buxa Duarts. 14. Bombus orientalis, Smith. Cat. il, p. 402, 9. Bombus bucctnatoris, Sm., New Sp. Hym. Ins. B.M., p. 132, 2. ? Bombus simulus, Grib., Bull Ent. Soc. Ital., xxiii, 1891, p. 114, 2. Bombus orientalis, Bing- ham, Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 555, pl. iv, fig. 9; Paiva, Wee. Ind Mus... 6907, p. 17: Two specimens from Rotung, 1,400 ft., 26—27-xii-II, one from near Renging, 1,500 ft., I9-xii-11, and one from Sirpo, ca. 1,300 ft., March, 1912 (Kemp). The specimens vary very much in size, the smallest is 12 mm., the next 15 mm. and the largest 26 mm. in length. Recorded by Bingham from Sikhim, Kunawar. ‘‘ One of the commonest species about Darjiling ” (Bingham). Represented in the Indian Museum collection from Nepal :— Katmandu, Nepal Valley, 4,500 it., Oct., 1906 ; Soondrijal, Nepal Valley ; Chitlong, little Nepal Valley ; Chandragiri, ca. 8,000 ft., Oct., 1906 (R. Hodgart). E. Himalayas :—Sikhim; Kurseong, 4,700—-5,000 ft., 22, 24, 25-V1-10, 5, 7, 9-1x-09 (Annandale) ; 6,000 ft., 13-x-0g (D’ A breau) ; Gumti, Darjiling district, ca. 4,000 ft., vii-11 (Gravely). Assam :—Cheera Punji, Khasi Hills (Warren). W. Himalayas:—Kanaul, British Garhwal, 18-x-07 (Mus. collr.). Represented in the Pusa collection from E. Himalayas :— Phoobsering, Lebong, Darjiling district. It might be useful to note that each of the species Bombus ortentalis and B. haemorrhoidalts, which to the casual observer would appear alike, has its range of distribution quite distinct. B. onentalis, though recorded so far west as Kanaul in British Garhwal, is not met with in any of the western ranges of the Himalayas. It is found as far west as the western borders of Nepal and probably in some of the Kumaon Hills, where the two species may meet. JB. haemorrhoidalis though described from Chusan in the hills of North China, has not yet been found in any Indian locality to the east of the Kumaon Hills. I found it in fairly large numbers in Almora, visiting roses. 15. Apis dorsata, Fab. Fabricius, Ent. Syst, ii, p. 328; Syst. Piez., 370; Smith, Cat., li, p. 415; Journ Linn. Soc., xi, 1876, p. 396; Horne, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., vii, p. 181, pl. 22, fig. 3; Lep., Hym.; i, p. 405, 9. Apis testacea, Sm., Journ. Linn. Soc., ii, 1858, p. 49. Apis zonata, Sm. (nec. Guér.), Journ. Linn. Soc., ili, 1859, p. 8. Apis dorsata, Bingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1912. ] C. A. PAIVA: Hymenoptera Anthophila. 81 1890,,p2457;, Faun. Brit. Ind. Hym., i, 1897, p. 557, pl. ivefieerl - baiva, Rec. Ind. Mus..i,.p. 27,2907. One specimen from Dibrugarh, N.-E. Assam, 17—19-xi-11 (Kemp). Recorded by Bingham from throughout India, Burma, Tenasserim, Ceylon, extending into China and the Malayan region to Java. Represented in the Indian Museum collection from W. Hima- layas :—Mussoorie, ca. 7,000 ft., 12-viii-o5 (Brunetti); Kumaon; Simla, 7,000 ft., 7-v-10 (Annandale). United Proviuces:—Dehra Dun, base of W. Himalayas; Dhikala, Naini Tal district, 22-iv-o8 ; Boxar, Naini Tal district, 1g-iv-08 ; Gularbojh, Naini Tal district, 17-~20-iv-o8 ; Bareilly 15 —22-11i-07 ; Lucknow, 5-xi-o7; Meerut, 8—1r4-iii-o7; Kaira, base of W. Himalayas, Naini Tal district, 24-iii-ro ; Bhogpur, Bijnor district, 2-iii-10; Amangarh, Bijnor district, 24-ii-10 (Mus. collr.). Nepal frontier :—Thamaspur, 18—20-ii-08 (Mus. colir.). E. Himalayas:—Sikhim. Chota Nagpur :—Paresnath, 4,400 ft., 11-iv-og (Annandale). Bengal :—Murshidabad ; Calcutta, 20-i1i-07. Assam :—Naga Hills; Sibsagar; Shillong; Margherita; Maz- bat, Mangaldai district, 11—15-x-10 (Kemp); Lushai Hills, 3,600 ft., 7-vi-o4 (E. C. MacLeod). Burma :—Base of Dawna Hills, 2-iii-08 (Annandale). Bombay :—Belgaum. Malay Archipelago :—Sinkep I. Represented in the Pusa collection from Punjab :—t,ahore ; Wazirabad; Jamoo. Central Provinces :— Bula; Hoshangabad; Itarsi. Bihar :—Chupra. Bengal :—Rangpore. REFERENCES. Bingham, C. T., 1896.—‘‘ A contribution to the knowledge of the Hymenopterous Fauna of Ceylon.’’ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1897.—Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Hymenoptera, vol. i (Wasps and Bees). 1908.—‘‘ Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Indian Museum, I.’’—Records of the Indian Museum, vol. ii, Calcutta. Cameron, P., 1900-1903.—Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelago, vol. i, Hymenoptera. 1904.—‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Acu- leate and Parasitic Hymenoptera +? 82 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voy. VIII, from Northern India.’’—Annals and Magazine of Natural History, vol. xili, 7th series, London. Drury, D:, 1770-82.—Illustrations of Natural History, etc. Exotic Insects, London. Fabricius, J. C., 1804.—Systema Piezatorum, Brunswick. Gribodo, G., 1891.—‘‘ Sopra alcune specie nouve o poco conoscuite di Imenotteri Antofili.’’ — Bulletino della Societa entomologica Italiana, Florence. Hormes iC. 1872.—‘‘ Notes on the habits of some Hy- menopterous Insects from the North- West. Provinces of India.’’—Transac- tions of the Zoological Society of London, vol. vii. Lepeletier, A. L,., 1841-46.—Histoire naturelle des Insectes Hy- ménopteres, 4 vols., Paris. inne. se 1758.—Systema Naturae, Ed. x, Stockholm. Morawitz, F., 1890.—‘‘ Hymenoptera Aculeata from China and Mongolia.’’—Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, St. Peters- burg. Pavia, Cee, 1907.—‘‘ Records of Hemiptera and Hy- menoptera from the Himalayas.” —Records of the Indian Museum, vol. 1. Smith, F., 1852.—‘‘ Descriptions of some new and ap- parently undescribed species of Hy- menopterous Insects from North China, collected by Robert For- tune.’’—Transactions of the Ento- mological Society of London, vol. i1, new series. < 1853-54.—Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the collection of the British Mu- seum, Iondon. re 1858.—‘‘ Catalogue of the Hymenopterous Insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, Mount Ophir, Malacca and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace.’’— Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, vol. ii, London. . 1859.—‘‘ Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects collected at Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace.’’—Journal of the Proceed- ings of the Linnean Society, vol. iii, London. x 1874.-—“‘ Monograph of the Genus Xylocopa, Latr.’’—Transactions of the Ento- mological Society of London, 1g12.] €. A. Parva: Hymenoptera Anthophila. 83 Smith, F., 1875.—‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Indian Aculeate Hymenoptera, collected by Mr. G. R. James Rothney.’’— ‘Transactions of the Entomological ‘Society, London. i 1876.—‘‘ A catalogue of the Aculeate Hymen- optera and Ichneumonidae of India and the Eastern Archipelago.”’— Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, vol. xi, London. - 1879.—Descriptions of new species of Hymen- optera in the collection of the British Museum, London, parts i and ii. Vachal, J., 1894.—‘‘ Nouvelles espéces d’Hyménoptéres des genres Halicius, Prosopis, Allo- dape et Nomtoides rapportées par M. Fea de la Birmanie.’’—Annuario del Museo Zoologico della R. Univer- sita di Napoli, Naples. wad ae - © ’ y Rot sidatin A’ ones ee x ° ce eA vat Pa os fe me Paes Z * ie bale} g4 es Se At EUS: = pues aor ke fee ont aU “19 5 me iy VII. MAMMALS. By HERBERT C. ROBINSON, C.M.Z.S., Director of Museums, Federated Malay States. The collection of mammals made by Mr. Stanley Kemp, assis- ted by officers of the Abor Expeditionary Force, is not a large one and contains specimens of 26 species only. No specimens were collected at any altitude above 4000 ft. and therefore the collec- tion contains no actual novelties as would probably have been the case if collecting had been possible above seven or eight thousand beds Arrangements are being made to figure, in a final paper dealing with the Zoological Results of the Abor Expedition as a whole, a number of the new species of insects described without figures in this Part. cality as the preceding specimen, is evidently made from the skin of some species of Langur, probably P. entellus or P. schistaceus. The latter species is stated by Butler (Journ. Aszat. Soc. Bengal, xliv (i), p. 332, 1875) to occur in the Naga Hills, but Blanford (op. cit., p. 30) throws doubt on the identification. 3. Viverra zibetha, Linn. Blanford, of. cit., p. 96. The large Indian civet is represented by two ethnographical specimens, an ornament for a sword hilt made out of a tail obtained at Debuk Damda and a haversack of body skin, from Komsing, both secured by Mr. Kemp. The body fur is, as might be expected, much thicker than in southern specimens with a distinct woolly underfur, which is almost absent in examples of the same species from the Malayan region. v AO as ae £8 ebiddodin ly smigarsigh) Avra EEO? eczibni zo re Sa AT See echt froppolomoina emu sd A hice 18 eto a5 hes CRE ae : ; nom 7c! F 7 7 Hive a = : = peso ~ k ad stay 0 ‘ are = 3 s re set Ge os iX % aS ‘ i 13 2 ‘ ‘ * A > ‘ ° c ¢ ae 3 i BEB a: Fi 2 Hs ee 23 é i : : ‘ ca Sete z ver ye ie Tek Bs Pa uu ’ 2 : > ' Far 5 p as Ps r i i lei a9 4 : 22) ee ge sit) a eS 7 ‘ 4 s re Caio su ae 5] ; Is u : i epee es ian | a ir Se gal Ese BSR 7 if x 7 r ‘ ; Sivoo E aS: : p : 7 ae 5 , 9 eto Male seis a 33 t -! VII. MAMMALS. By HERBERT C. ROBINSON, C.M.Z.S., Director of Museums, Federated Malay States. The collection of mammals made by Mr. Stanley Kemp, assis- ted by officers of the Abor Expeditionary Force, is not a large one and contains specimens of 26 species only. No specimens were collected at any altitude above 4000 ft. and therefore the collec- tion contains no actual novelties as would probably have been the case if collecting had been possible above seven or eight thousand feet. The series of the recently described Sciurus stevensi is however interesting, while the single specimen of Dremomys pernyt indicates a very wide range for a very distinct species originally described from Sze-chuen. Otherwise the species present belong to the ordinary sub-Himalayan and Assamese fauna. I. Macaca (2%) rhesus (Audebert). Macacus rhesus, Blanford, Faun. Brit. Ind. Mamm., p. 13 (1888) A haversack obtained at Debuk Damda by Mr. Kemp ap- pears to have been made from the body skin of this or an allied form or is possibly derived from Macaca assamensis. Positive identification is of course impossible. 2. Presbytes, sp. A small pouch for flint and steel, obtained in the same lo- cality as the preceding specimen, is evidently made from the skin of some species of Langur, probably P. entellus or P. schistaceus. The latter species is stated by Butler (Journ. Aszat. Soc. Bengal, xliv (i), p. 332, 1875) to occur in the Naga Hills, but Blanford (op. cit., p. 30) throws doubt on the identification. 3. Viverra zibetha, Linn. Blanford, of. cit., p. 96. The large Indian civet is represented by two ethnographical specimens, an ornament for a sword hilt made out of a tail obtained at Debuk Damda and a haversack of body skin, from Komsing, both secured by Mr. Kemp. The body fur is, as might be expected, much thicker than in southern specimens with a distinct woolly underfur, which is almost absent in examples of the same species from the Malayan region. 86 Records of the Indian Museum. [MOreav elie A fairly adult and an immature skull of the same species were found by Captain I. Burn Murdoch in an Abor hut near Upper Rotung, January 8th, 1912. 4. Mustela flavigula flavigula, Bodd. Mustela flavigula tvpica, Bonhote, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) vii, p. 344 (1901). | An adult skin and skull of the Indian Marten collected by Dr. J. Falkiner are now in the Museum of the Bombay Natural History Society. The fur is fairly long with a woolly underfur and the colour of the head is almost jet black. 5. Ursus torquatus, Wagner. Blanford, op. cit., p. 197. A haversack purchased at Komsing is probably made from the skin of the Himalayan black bear. 6. Tupaia belangeri (Wagner). Tupia ferruginea, Blanf. (nec Raffles), of. cit., p. 210. A single male from. Kobo, altitude 400 ft., must apparently be referred to T. belangeri (Wagn.) which is a northern race of T. ferruginea, Raffles, from the Malay Peninsula, from which it differs mainly in its smaller size, and the more yellowish olivace- ous speckling of the upper surface, totally devoid of any ferru- ginous tint. The specimen before me, which is quite adult, shows the character relied on by Anderson for the separation of his T. chinensis! from T. belangeri, viz. the fusion of the two median external cusps of the first molar. This feature is, however, much affected by the relative wear of the teeth and is met with in aged specimens of T. ferruginea from Singapore and the southern parts of the Malay Peninsula. Such dimensions as can be taken from the very imperfect skull before me indicate that it belongs to a con- siderably larger animal than the type of T. chinensis. Further material, however, is desirable before any very positive identifi- cation can be made. A second young adult animal from Misshing collected by Dr. Falkiner also differs from 7. chinensis in its larger size. 7. Talpa micrura, Hodgs. Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, x, p. gro (1841); Blan- ford, Op. cit., p. 225. A female from Kobo, 400 ft., and another from Rotung, 1,300 ft., are referable to this species, which was apparently common, though difficult to procure. The species is distinguished from 7. leucura, which inhabits higher altitudes in the same countries and extends throughout Burma, by possessing four and not three premolars only. ! Anderson, Anat. and Zool. Res., p. 129, pl. vii, figs. 8, 9 (1878). I913.] H. C. Ropinson: Mammals. 87 The skulls of the present specimens are rather small, measur- ing 33 mm. in total length against about 35 mm., which is the length given by Blanford and others. This may, however, be due to the fact that they are females and not very old specimens, though quite adult. 8. Crocidura fuliginosa (Blyth). Sorex fuliginosus, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxiv, p. 362 (1855). A female in spirit from Kobo, 400 ft., and a female skin from the Upper Rotung, ca. 2,000 ft., present no tangible differences when compared with a series from the Malay Peninsula, which have themselves been compared with the type, which came from Central Tenasserim. Should large series from the original locality prove the existence of any real differences Himalayan specimens will have to bear the name Crocidura rubricosa,! the types of which came from Sibsagar, Assam. Crocidura fuliginosa in its broad sense has a very wide distri- bution, ranging from Sikkim to Flores, through the Malay Penin- sula and Borneo, analogous to the case of certain Himalayan birds such as Muscicapula maculata. 9g. Pteropus giganteus subsp. leucocephalus, Hodgs. Pteropus leucocephalus, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, iv, p. 700 (1835). Pteropus giganteus leucocephalus, Anderson, Cat. Chir. Brit. Mus. (2nd. ed.), i, p. 333 (1912). A male from Sadiya, N. EK. Assam, belongs to the eastern race of the Common Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus medius, auct.), differ- entiated from the peninsular form by its somewhat longer and softer fur. 10. Pipistrellus abramus (Temm). Vesperugo abramus, Dobson, Mon. Asiat. Chir., p. 97 (1876) ; Blanford, of. cit., p. 313. A pair taken at Rotung, 1,300 ft., in March and a female from Kobo, 400 ft., obtained in November are typical examples of the Common Indian Pipistrelle. 11. Nycticejus ornatus, Blyth. Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xx, p. 159 (1851); Blan- 10m Ops Cil., P2322: Of the strikingly coloured Harlequin Bat, originally described from the Khasia Hills, there is a single female obtained at Balek on March beat 1QI2, by Capt. J. Masters. 1 Aadeasa: Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xlvi, ae str JL eRe Cana 88 Records oj the Indian Museum. [ Vor, Willits 12. Petaurista magnificus (Hodgs.). Pteromys magnificus, Blanford, op. cit., p. 364. A skin without skull collected by Major E. H. Sweet and Capt. B. R. Nicholl near Renging has the upper surface glistening dark maroon, intermixed with longer black hairs, parachute rich orange rufous, underparts orange buff; tail clay brown, terminal three inches black intermixed with brown and rufous, extreme tip pure white. The specimen can be provisionally referred to this species but the whole of the Indian and Indo-Chinese section of the genus is in a state of great confusion. 13. Sciuropterus alboniger, Hodgs. Blanford, of. ctt., p. 367. A fragmentary specimen collected by Dr. Falkiner at Misshing in February, 1912, is evidently this species. Another was seen at Renging. 14. Ratufa gigantea (McClell.). Sciurus giganteus, McClelland, P. Z. S., 1839, p. 150 (Assam). Sciurus bicolor, Blanford, op. cit., p. 373. Ratufa gigantea, Wroughton, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bombay, xix, p. 889 (1910). There is a specimen of the large black and buff squirrel from Upper Renging, 2,150 ft., collected by Capt. M. de Courcy and another flat skin from Pasighat, secured by Major E. H. Sweet and Capt. B. R. Nicholl which differ in no particulars. Externally they are typical examples of this race which extends through North Burma and Siam grading into the Malayan species Rk. melanopepla in northern Tenasserim. The measurements of the skull are slightly smaller than those given by Wroughton for Rk. gigantea and approach those of R. macrurotdes (Hodgs.), but the colour characters are those of the former race. 15. Sciurus erythraeus erythrogaster, Blyth. Scurus erythrogaster, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xi, p. 970 (1842). Sciurus erythraeus erythrogaster, Bonhote, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) vii, p. 162 (1901). The whole series of red-bellied grizzled squirrels comprised under the two group names Sc. erythraeus, Pall., and Sc. castaneo- ventvis, Gray, are involved in almost inextricable confusion, partly owing to the insufficiency of the original descriptions and the bad condition or non-existence of the types, and partly to the paucity of exactly localized and properly collected material and the doubt as to whether certain of the forms undergo seasonal 1913.] H. C. Ropinson: Mammals. 89 variation or not. Of the considerable series before me three (two from Pasighat and one from between Kalek and Misshing) with marked biack tips to their tails and of somewhat larger size are certainly referable to this subspecies, while one from between Kalek and Misshing is intermediate between the present race and Sc. erythraeus intermedius, Anderson. (For particulars and measure- ments see table, fostea, p. 93). 16. Scuirus erythraeus intermedius, Anderson. Sciurus gordont var. intermedia, Anderson, Zool. and Anat. fieesp724h (1878). Sciurus castaneoventris griseopectus, Bonhote, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) vii, p. 164 (Igor). The series from Kobo agrees well with the original type and must be referred to Anderson’s subspecies, having nothing to do with Sc. griseopectus, Blyth, a name which has been applied to Assamese specimens by Bonhote, Joc. cit. The median grizzled line on the abdomen is generally absent but is faintly indicated in some individuals. The specimens from between Kalek and Missh- ing are intermediate between this and the preceding subspecies though, with one exception, they lack the black termination to the tail. The present form is however somewhat smaller as the table of dimensions (fostea, p. 94) shows. 17. Sciurus stevensi, Thomas. Oldfield Thomas, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bombay, xviii, p. 246 (1908). The series detailed in the table of measurements is very uniform and agrees well with the description of the type, which was obtained at Beni-Chang in the Abor-Miri Hills at an altitude of 4,000 ft. The species is regarded by its describer as allied to Sc. atrodorsalis, which inhabits Pegu, Northern and Central Tenasserim. 18. Tamiops macclellandi (Horst.). Sciurus macclellandi tvpicus, Bonhote, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) V, Pp. 51 (1900). The three specimens in the collection (for details of which see table of measurements, postea, p. 95) belong to the typical Himalayan form. ‘he race inhabiting Manipur! is greyer and much less yellowish on the upper surface, while the Burmese and Malayan” forms are separated at a glance by having three black stripes on the back instead of a single median one. 1 Sciurus macclellandi manipurensis (Bonhote). : 2 Sciurus macclellandi barbet, Blyth; and Sc. m. novemlineatus, Miller. rere) Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. VIII, 19. Dremomys lokriah (Hodgs.). Sciurus lokriah, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, v, p. 232 (1836). Sciurus locria, Blanford, op. cit., p. 376 (1890). A perfectly typical example from Komsing. Oldfield Thomas has pointed out (Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bom- bay, xviii, p. 245, 1908) that the group of squirrels to which this species belongs and to which the generic term Dvemomys, Heude, is applicable, is readily differentiated by its more elongated muzzle and by its gently sinuous lateral profile, not regularly curved as in Lariscus or sharply bent as in true Scouvus. From Rhinoscturus, which it resembles in its elongated muzzle, it is at once distinguished by the characters of the teeth. As an external means of recognition it may be stated that all the species of the genus have a tuft of pale silky fur behind tiered. 20. Dremomys pernyi (A. Milne-Edwards). Sciurus pernyi, A. Milne-Edwards, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., p. 230 (1867); Anderson, Anat. and Zool. Res., p. 255 (1878). Dremonys pernyt, Thomas, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bombay, Xviil, p. 249 (1908). A single female was obtained by Capt. I. Burn-Murdoch in the Sirpo Valley, indicating a wide extension of range for this Chinese species originally described from Sze-chuen. An allied form is found in Central Tenasserim, Siam and the Karen Hills and other species of the genus are found in Borneo, Formosa and the Malay Peninsula. 21. Epimys ‘ rattus ”’ (Linn.). Mus rattus, Blanford, op. cit., p. 406. Without larger material from the surrounding districts and direct comparison with the types, it is impossible to say which of the numerous names available for Indian rats of this section is applicable to these specimens, details of which are given in the table on p. 96. All four specimens are fairly uniform, having pale feet and dull grey bellies not sharply defined from the flanks. Fur of the upper surface long and soft, without spines and with numerous long black piles on the lower back. General colour above greyish black, grizzled with bistre, more abundantly on the sides. 22. Lepus sp. I am unable to identify precisely a hare from Kobo, 400 ft., collected by Capt. R. L. Bignell. Judging from descriptions only, it seems in many respects intermediate between the common Indian hare, Lepus ruficaudatus, and the Burmese form, Lepu 1913. | H. C. Roprnson: Mammals. gi peguensts, Blyth. The tail is sandy brown above with the base of the fur sooty black. 23. Budorcas taxicolor,! Hodgs. Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xix, p. 65, pls. i-iii (1850). There are three frontlets of the Takin in the collection, two purchased at Balek by Mr. Kemp and stated to come from the hills at the northern end of the Yamne Valley and a third from the Mishmi hills brought in to Sadiya, N. E. Assam, and presented by Mr. Ballantyne. Length Circumference Distance Noz Sex: Locality. of horn. of horn. between tips. In. In. In. Griz eVamue Valley .3 17°6 38 10°3 Ol7im,¢ Ditto Seo MES aS LO 9°9 O72) -7on) Mishmi Hills... 9:75 109 10°4 There has been some difference of opinion as to whether the horns of the two sexes are identical, but I am inclined to follow Hume (P.Z.S., 1887, p. 483) and to regard the simply curved horns not closely approximating on the forehead as those of females and not necessarily of immature animals. 24. Capricornis sumatraensis subsp. jamrachi, Pocock. Abstiact, PoZ. 5... 1908, No:55,.-p. 12) ([Q08)mi7d Pez om 1908, i, pp. 183-185, figs. Nemorhaedus bubalinus, auct. Blanford, of. cit., p. 513. Body skin.—Shot near Balek by Capt. J. Masters. Adult skull—From Parong moshup, presented by Capt. A. L. Molesworth. Skin.—Between Janakmukh and Balek, collected by Major E. H. Sweet and Capt. B. R. Nicholl. The skins agree fairly well with the description and figure of the type of the subspecies, which came from Kalimpong, near 1 No Takin were seen on the expedition, but there is, I believe, very little doubt that they occur in the higher ranges of the Abor country, probably all along from Bhutan to the Mishmi country. As corroboration of the origin of the frontlets obtained at Balek, it may be mentioned that Sir George Duff-Sutherland- Dunbar has discovered that the Pasi-Minyongs, who inhabit this village, have themselves immigrated within comparatively recent times from the Upper Yamne. The village ‘moshups’ or bachelor-houses always contain large numbers of skulls, karkar predominating along with hog-deer, serow, mithan and monkey and an occasional sambar, tiger and leopard. In no other village but Balek did I find any Takin heads, but Major Alban Wilson found one at Geku, which was stated to have been washed down the Dihang R., and others at Dosing. He writes as follows concerning the latter:-—‘‘I found four or five Takin heads in Dosing on the right bank of the Dihang: two were quite fresh. The Abors said the heads _came from the Bori country, away west of Riga, which fact, coupled with what the Geku people said about the Takin being washed down the river, certainly shows that the animal is found inside the Dihang valley.’’ (S. K.). 92 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou sViIEe Darjiling, except that there appears to be a greater admixture of white on the sides of the body possibly indicating an approach to C. sumatraensis milne-edwardsi (David) from Eastern Tibet, and to the Nepalese and Sikkim form C. s. thay, Hodgs., (Nemorhaedus bubalinus, auct.) from which it is only doubtfully distinct. The horns in the skull before me, which would appear to be that of an aged male, are much larger than in either of the speci- mens mentioned by Pocock, which were 4 and 6 inches in length against 10°15 in length and 6 inches in circumference in the present specimen. 25. Cervulus muntjac, Zimmerman. Blanford, op. cit., p. 532. A somewhat imperfect skull of an adult male Barking-deer from the village Moshup at Komsing. Length of horn from the burr, 5°45; from the base of the bony pedicel, 7-6; zygomatic breadth, 3°73; maxillary tooth row, 2°24inches. Ina Malay skull of similar age from the Dindings territory the two latter dimensions are 3°44 and 2°56 inches. The species in the broad sense are probably divisible into many local races, but large series from all localities are required before this can be attempted. 26. Sus cristatus, Wagner. Blanford,.. op. cit., p».560; Miller, Proc. US, Nats -\aice XXX. p: 745, pl. lvii, fig.-1 and lix;-ags. 1 2qrqoo, An adult female skin and skull from Kobo, 400 ft. The Malayan form, to which probably specimens from Tenas- serim and parts of Burma belong, has been separated by Miller under the name Sus jubatus, on account of the smaller ear and the less complicated enamel pattern of the posterior molar. 93 Mammals. H. C. ROBINSON “UIYS PPP Uy £516 oS 16 €S16 vS16 “SNIPIUMAQUL 3: *S | | | | “pue 4sajspsoayzhia ‘a *S | | (ueeMjeq 97 BTpeutszeq UT | | | | | ‘W10M ATFYSIS 7399} “QIUpy |9-91 |¥.01 g.c1 0.$z| Z.1z |§.bE |1.9F £.95 | 0% ; $.gb | oze| Ezz) ci-m-Z1 TIOM OUI g.Z1|2.01 |¥.z1/1.b2| €.61 |1.€€ 0.2 |1.26 | gI | 0.6 | €€z! ogz| z1-1HI-21 "UIOM AT} WSIS Y}90} [Np |$.21 |z.11 |9.z1 |O.¥Z| 0.0% |g.€€ |g.gr |g.25 | ez | S.6h | 622] 1$2| zi-mI-oz | °° | | | : oud z.£1 |Z.11 |O.€1 |1.bz| 6.61 |€.€€ lo.gt e055 | we | sr of¢) Z$z| ZI-I-gz a | | | | | | | | | ~osyaha9 SnersyyAra snaniog | TIOM 399} ‘yNpYV |g.$z |z. V1 |1.Z1 |6.££ | o.1€ $.£9 S22 | | e0oye3 he: ee > = 12! i | lie eile | | at eal sR Reale | 2 | | | | ee leeelees wee oti eee eater Be te a lp @loS! &@ loo eye oN voy AS. |) eee 5, = ap) Dolro@| om | Re o® |\@R' FO] — | oo Sy ery stl tee Me Sr tes I oetoiiey tan ys al | bf |6o & Sta) Bak) ee job) ao) 8 | 3 8.2 Bigs) (Fe PE |PR Bs es) | & “£ COU lamas Hel B @, 199) a Po ey ou ‘SMUVNAY cg. | | = = | , | | OTEGu | | (qsey IAMS UT s}uetMeIns -BdU $,10}aT[OD) ‘ACGOG (‘SoTJOUNTT [IU Uy) "eplinyy pue 2pliniog jo sjuouainseayy | Surysstyy Stz@ ‘suisuey ioddq ‘vajursis vIn}ey | SUIYSSIPY pure YyaTexy UosMyog | pure yoyeyy UseMjog | ae yeysiseg | yeysiseg ‘Iayses “AYTLIO'T “XOG [Vor. VIII, Records of the Indian Museum. 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VIII, 1913.] Records of the Indian Museum. $z16 gz16 gz16 £z16 gf16 6v16 “UEYS Pap UT; cMoIs Fey “UUy ¢ Z1/S.9 |£.8 reat zS 9.21 |2.9z/0.€£ | gi usomun 43993 “yMpy z-Z1/€-2 |6.11 /$.91| 0.9 |£.02 /z.Z£ |1.2h| zz | OEE Pee EA Nices RE Ss I ze | ss yWUpV 2.81 Gly Ven |Z.01 | 1-9). \O:2% 9.9% Ler tz | | | | | (‘dde) | TIOM W399} “QINpy 1.S1 io6 Oeenlinitzac cleave) al ec Urettaitza lien | Uppy eye 1.6 |1.€1 6.22 b.Sr |1.0€ |1.bv |P.€5 | oz | | | | ‘ON Tanasnyy WeIpuy “STUVWA “sjeseu Slo | ale! ol pee 3 | B ce | = | SiS Sie loo! Gecisa ao) & | 2 Blae| # |3 0) 28 |Sai/Eo| = | =) aay Fite 20| mein ||tcsm On| emt eal ete = =I B AaB) as Jas tee g g 38) P |Ge| SE |ae Go| 09 | . . | ct ig | a Sees ee | o ieee | “YTANS SG || init nt | Gein Ste |) (ofon be | 061) og! au is I} = a : hy fo} fo) o “* (qsop Ul S}ueTeIns | “Bd S,10ZaTIOD) ‘AGOg goz ZI-1-9 ZI-Ut-O1 ZI-t-< | SI-Ut Ve ZI-AI-QI Z1-TI-VZ ‘oye q 0002 ‘sunjoy roddq "* oo€1 ‘8unjoy SUISMIO ST Ot SO Ce Zursur0 yy Or «snyes,, shud” AayjeA odis as tAusad sAumoulaig SUISUIO XT | 5 yersyoy sAwouasg “AY RIO'T “xog (-‘soxjoumyytu Uy) ‘(papnj9u09)—PIIN JA, pue VPIINIIG jo syuowesmsvoyy 97 APPENDIX. PARASITES FROM MAMMALS. [The list of parasites obtained from the mammals taken during the Abor Expedition is not a long one, although great care was exercised (at any rate so far as external parasites were concerned) in looking for them on each specimen. We have to thank Mr. Cecil Warburton, who prefers not to describe the new forms at present, for examining the ticks, Mr. T. Southwell for identify- ing a parasitic worm and Mr. E. Brunetti for naming a Pupiparous fly. The various parasites are listed under the names of the mammals on which they were found. [N. A.] 6.—Tupaia belangeri (Wagner) (p. 86). ARACHNIDA (IXODIDAE).—Haemaphysalis sp. near koeningsbernert (nymph indet.). —? Hyalomma syriacum, Koch? (nymphs). About these specimens Mr. Warburton writes: “It is a remarkable thing that we can never find nymphs of this species (H. syriacum), though it Kobo (400 ft.) : Q-xii-I1. is common on tortoises all over the world. I have a strong belief, how- ever, that these specimens belong to it, but the point must remain in doubt until we see undoubted H. syriacum nymphs.’’ wood. 20) ~579er = Nos 19? AQP S19:y “10 Os ae 2210 vio), 4X1] 2339 2340 Kobo, 7-xii-11, under logs. o&, 2 nymphs. Nos. 75 as 2342 TOue Pugi fie oat Woven uging, 3000 ft., xi-11, 7 nymph. Oo aie c 5 - 2 =i= Dibrugarh, 17—I9-x1-II. Nos. ene nymphs. O . 240 and bank of Dihang River, 23-xii-II. 2. No. oe Subfamily BRACHYLABINAE. Genus Metisolabis, Burr. 1. Metisolabis caudelli, Burr. Of this Burmese species there is a single specimen. West bank of the Dihang River, 22-xii-1I, ~” , under stones. 2416 No. Soe I40 Records of the Indian Museum. Ver. VebEr Family APACHYIDAE. Genus Apachyus, Serv. 1. Apachyus feae, Borm. This species, known from Tonkin, Burma and Assam is re- presented by a number of nymphs and larvae, but there are no adult specimens ; all were found under bark and in rotten wood. 9¢ e ne 2451-65 Rotung, 1400 ft., 23-xii-rI—2-i-12 and 6-11-12. Nos. 72 and 720° 19 z : “1, 2475- Yembung, 1100 ft., 14-1-12.. No. TIGIee . . . 2 Above Pang-i, 4000 ft., 16-i-12. No. “45°, : = : 2440-7 Dibrugarh, 17—I19g-xi-11I. Nos. oe Superfamily EUDERMAPTERA. Family LABIIDAE. Subfamily SPONGOPHORINAE. Genus Spongovostox, Burr. I. Spongovostox luteus, Borm. Upper Renging, 2150 ft., 4-11-12. o@ and @?, brachypterous. Nos. a Kobo, 400 ft., 3—8-xil-IIl, 30, 52, brachypterous. Under bark and in rotten wood, Nos, 735?, 2375°©, 2357, 2264 3 19 19 FOS CROs 2254755 23528 a and Ge Sadiya, 26-xi-Ir. ¢@, brachypterous. No. a Rotung, 1400 ft., 23—24-xii-II, 17,29. Nos. ae oo and 2218 Tou 2. Spongovostox aborum, sp. n 4 2 Long. corporis .. 65—7'°5 mm. 4°5—6 mm. ,, forcipis 2 2°5—3 05 Small, shining, deep red and black: antennae greyish brown, paler at the apex, with about 14 slender segments: head broad, blackish red, smooth and shining: pronotum subquadrate, slightly broader than long, black, lighter at the sides: elytra smooth, with long stiff hairs, deep red-brown or black : wings, when developed, of same colour, but the scale basally banded with yellow: legs yellowish, femora sometimes shaded with blackish : abdomen deep red, darker to black at the sides, brighter towards the apex: last 1913.] M. Burr: Dermaptera. 141 dorsal segment in # smooth, transverse, gently raised just before the posterior margin into a transverse, smooth, simple crest, which slopes abruptly in the apical side down to the margin itself: in the ? simple: penultimate ventral segment ~ ample, nearly square: pygidium @ tumid, gently narrowed, with a minute spinule at each angle, the apex gently concave: forceps with the branches ~ remote, rather stout, elongate and arcuate: in the basal third, on inner margin, underneath, there is a prominent, laminated, acute tooth, and in the middle third, the inner margin is feebly laminated: in the ? the branches are simple and con- tiguous. Rotung. «5400 it., 23-xil-lIl-——21-12,> Tl oo and 8 9 9, brachypterous. Nos. ao ae, ae ea = — 2223 2230 2134 2132 2137 2139 2140 2226 2215 2219 2224 Right: 10 tor na ko). NIG) DiOgmEetotCeenpE TO”. tg? 2228222 2124-6 2128 ee = : also 6 @ @, macropterous. Nos. ~*~ : 19 Hey Seite 21 2 7 = 2 — Under bark and in rotten wood. Also No. eS with no locality label. Kobo, 400 ft., 2—8 xii-II, macropterous, 7 9 @. Nos, 22 19°? 2351 2354 2356 2358 2363 2365 | : ee CR EE CS Cee brachypterous, 5 7 @, and 7 9 2, under bark and in rotten wood. Nos. *~* TOW? Be 227 2205) 220 7a 8 235A Sane Os aed 2377 237879 19 5) 19 ’ 19 5] 19 > 19 ’ 19 B] 19 d 19 b) 19 5) 19 ° : a = 292 Sadiya, 26-xi-11, 1 brachypterous ~ , under bark. No. ee: Brachypterous specimens seem to be present in a majority ; it will be observed that there are no macropterous males, and 13 macropterous females, but of the brachypterous form there are 16 males and 15 females. All are recorded as occurring under bark or in rotten wood. It somewhat recalls the Ethiopian S. kristenseni; of the Oriental species it is perhaps nearest to S. luteus, but the form of the forceps is very distinctive. No. a a brachypterous male (for want of a macropterous male) is the nomotype. Genus Irdex, Burr. 1. Irdex nitidipennis, Borm. ‘: a6 Rotung, 1400 ft., 24-xii-II. 29, under bark. Nos. oo and 2141 19 . 142 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor VIII, Subfamily LABIINAE. Genus Labia, Leach. 1. Labia mucronata, Stal. 2303 2444 19 and T9 Sadiya, 23-xi-II. 2, under stones. Nos. 2. Labia curvicauda, Motsch. Rotung, 1400 ft., 23-xii-II. 27, 52, in rotten wood and 2131 2122-3 2129 2217. 2225 d 2229 under bark. Nos. 19 3 19 ? 19 5) 19 ’ 19 19 A Upper Rotung, 9-i-12. @, under bark. No. “t. Below Dosing, 1400 ft., 29-i-12. 22, under bark. No. oat : Kobo, 400° ft., I—=2-xti-1r. 8-0 @ and ./5) 9,9 7 under pana Was 2258-9 2262 2355 2359 2360 2362 2364 2369 2368 bd b bf > 19 ION. “AOL EO AO so EOS ITO 10° Seto PSI 2A 19’ 19 Sadiya, 13-xi-1I. Ic@,39, under bark. No. ** ~ BESS) 3° = ? ) : Sad TO) Genus Chaetospania, Karsch. 1. Chaetospania feae, Borm. Rotung, 23-xil-IIl. 207,42, in rotten wood and under bark. 2220-1 2211 2213-4 2136 at 5 Nos. Oa eaaee eG Pe: Renging to Rotung, 2600 ft., 20-xti-It. 9, under bark. 2411 Noto 19 No. = is a specially fine and well-developed specimen, with the pygidium somewhat dilated at the sides and the forceps toothed. 2. Chaetospania? sp. ae 19cm Kobo, 400 ft., I-xii-Ir. 1 2 and 1 larva, in rotten wood. Nos. 7332 37 Nos. 5 and ae ‘ A : +. 2295 Sadiya, 26-xii-II1. @, in rotten wood. No. or This species may be new, but without the male it is impos- sible to determine it with accuracy. Upper Renging, 2150 ft., 3-11-12. 92. No. 1913. ] M. Burr: Dermaptera. 143 Family CHELISOCHIDAE. Genus Chelisoches, Scudder. I. Chelisoches morio, Fabr. Rotung, 1400 ft., 24-xiil-Ir. 5 @, 8 2, under leaf-stem of : 3 = - 246 decomposing plantain. Nos. ae and =. Dibrugarh, i719 018, oENo: ae It is interesting to find this species in this district : in India it is almost unknown: it occurs in Ceylon, probably as a straggler from the Malayan islands, as also in Burma; probably indigenous to Assam from the North East 2. Chelisoches tigris, sp. n. Antennae yellow, the basal segment and one ante-apical segment black: head black, depressed, posterior margin tumid: pronotum gently dilated and rounded posteriorly ; prozona black, shading to tawny in the metazona: femora and tibiae black, tarsi fulvous: elytra smooth, fulvous, shading to black on the costal margin: wings fulvous, shaded with black: abdomen brick-red, shading to blackish at the sides: last dorsal segment with a row of minute black tubercles along posterior margin, which are rather bigger near the middle line, which is smooth and some- what depressed: pygidium short, thick, broad, with 2 minute spinules: forceps with branches stout, arcuate, with a short, blunt, double tooth in the middle. Rotung, 1400 ft., I-i-I2. oo, under leaf of screw pine. 2398 Nos 19 The colouration of this species is very distinctive I cannot think that it is a mere colour-variation of Ch. morio. Unfortu- nately. the specimen has been damaged in transit. Genus Lamprophorus, Burr. 1 Lamprophorus kervillei, Burr. 2201 Rotung, 1400 ft., 28-xil-II. 2 9, under bark. Nos. and 2204 NG Ps Below Dosing, 1400 ft., 26-i-12. 92. No. 2S Dibrugarh, 22-xi-rI. 3 @ and 3 9, under leaf-sheath of bamboo. Nos. ar __ It is interesting to find this species in Northern India: it has hitherto only been known from a single pair from Tonkin: these 144 Records of the Indian Museum. Wan Valeeie specimens are much darker and deeper in colour than the types, but do not differ in any important structural particulars. Genus Adiathetus, Burr. 1. Adiathetus glaucopterus, Borm. Rotung, 1400 ft., 23-xi-II—24-i-12. 4707, 7 2 2 and 2 aLOI e217 Jennie WO eee larvae, under bark. Nos. 19? | 4g oe oe Below Dosing, 1400 ft., 29-1-12. 2, under bark. Nos; 2276-7 i119)» © : < : 2269-70 Dosing, 1400 ft., 294-12. 2o, under bark. Nos. — 2 a a ae : : 2260 Kobo, 400 ft., I-xii-1I. 1Ilarva in rotten wood. No. ae Sadiya, 23-xtII. o@ and 29, under bark. Nos. ae and one without number. These specimens are slightly different from typical Burmese ones in having the pygidium of the female truncate apically, but one with no number, from Sadiya, presents the intermediate form, the sight of which confirmed me in my original idea of not differentiating it, but in other respects it agrees. Genus Hamaxas, Burr. 1. Hamaxas kempi, sp. n. ed 2 Long. corporis 2) R519 min 2 5 ae »» forcipis A rare species recorded from Bhutan. Subfamily OPISTHOCOSMIINAE., Genus Eparchus, Burr. 1. Eparchus insignis, Haan. Above Pang-i, 4000 ft., I6-i-12. o and 9, under bark. 2330nt aes Yembung, 1100 ft., I4-i-I2. 2 7@ in rotten wood. Nos. ae 2430 5 d a Kobo, 400 ft., 2-xii-I1, in rotten wood. No. Nos 2335 its) se FOL3.) SS M. Burr: Dermaptera. 147 Rotung, 1400 ft., 2I—30-xii-II, 14 m7 and 82¢. Nos. 2102-4 2144 2162-73 2191-5 2202 IO ih tO°* iG i ioe ae Abundant throughout the Oriental region. Genus Timomenus, Burr. 1. Timomenus sp. ? Below Dosing, 1800 ft., 31-i-12. @, from bank of Siyom ; 2281 River - No: Saul Indistinguishable from the Formosan T. aeris, Shir. The discovery of the male would finally decide the question. Genus Cordax, Burr. 1. »Cordax forcipatus, Haan. Upper Rotung, 9-1-12, 7, under bark. No. ao Known from India and Burma. Se ea oe Bis RAY: By E. BRUNETTI. (Plate vi). In view of the comparatively small number of species and the insufficiency of our knowledge of Oriental Diptera, any attempt to gauge the nature of the fauna of the Abor district must be little more than surmise. Of eighty-five named species, including all the new ones (of which several are known to occur outside the region collected over by the expedition), 4 are found also in the Palaearctic Region, 16 in the Himalayan, 13 in Assam, 23 in the Indian plains, 7 in Ceylon and 14 in the Malay Peninsula or East Indian Islands. Grouping them roughly into ‘‘ Temperate’’ species (Palae- arctic and Himalayan together) as against ‘‘ Tropical’’ species (all the remainder), there are 16 species which occur at least in Himalayan localities (four occurring also in Palaearctic latitudes) whilst about 30 species occur in one or more of the tropical localities. MYCETOPEILEIDAE: Leia arcuata, Brun. One specimen from Komsing, I-ili-12. In the Indian Museum from Darjiling, Kurseong and Naini Tal. Allactoneura cincta, Mei}. One specimen under bark in rotting wood, Kobo, 2-xil-II. A widely distributed species, occurring in Nepal, Sylhet, various parts of India, Ceylon and Java. Sciara orientalis, Brun. Three specimens; Rotung, 24 and 25-xit-1r, and Dibrugarh, 17—I0Q-Xi-1I. Also a widely distributed species, in India, Ceylon, the Himalayas and Assam. Sciara, sp. Two specimens, too damaged to identify. The species falls in the group with the rst longitudinal vein ending much before the fork of the 4th vein, and with blackish thorax. One is from Yembung (13-i-12), ‘‘in camp,’ the other from below Dosing (1400 ft.), 29-i-12, ‘‘ under bark.” 150 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. Vili; BIBIONIDAE. Pleciomyia melanaspis, Wied. Six specimens altogether, from Dibrugarh, 17—19-xi-I1; be- tween Kalek and Misshing (4500 ft.), 17-ili-12, Kalek (2300 ft.), I5-ili-12. It is common in Abor villages. Bibio obscuripennis, Meij. A headless example from Rotung, 25-x11-11 (on the sand banks of the Dihang River), is in all probability this species. In this specimen the 3rd vein forks immediately over the anterior cross- vein ; this is abnormal, as it usually forks very distinctly before it. SIMULIIDAE. Simulium ? indicum, Becher. There are three specimens of a S¢mulium, of which at least one is likely to be ¢udicum, Becher, but they are much too worn to identify with precision. ‘The one in the best condition is from Rotung (23-xii-I1), the others from Rotung (24-x1li-1r) and Upper Rotung (6-i-I2). One bears the laconic note “ bites.’ CHIRONOMIDAE. Calyptopogon albitarsis, Kief. One specimen (17—I19g-xi-11) from Dibrugarh. Kieffer (Mem. Ind. Mus. ii, p. 210) comments on Meijere’s note (Tijd. v. Ent. 1, 216) on a specimen from Java which he identified with Macropeza gibbosa, Wied, saying that as that author said nothing about the form of the thorax, he (Kieffer) concludes that it is shaped as in the European (type) species of Macropeza, Mg. (albitarysis, Mg.): that is to say without the conspicuous projection over the head which characterizes Wiedemann’s species. But as it seems impossible that Meijere could have avoided reading Wiedemann’s very distinct statement, ‘‘ thorace antice supra caput producta,” it must be assumed that he correctly identified the older author’s species, though possibly considering a new genus for it unnecessary. If this be the case, Kieffer’s nom. nov. (Macropeza javanenis) for the species identified by Meijere as gibbosa, Wied. will sink as synonymous. ‘The erection of a new genus for gibbosa seems quite just. C. albitarsis differs from gibbosa by the hind metatarsus being twice as long as the corresponding tibia ; whilst, according to Meijere it is ‘‘longer’’ than the tibia in g7bbosa. It seems to me the relative lengths of the tarsal joints are not always consistent. Although the present specimen is referred to this species, the hind metatarus is only a little more than one and a half times as long as the hind tibia, and in two other specimens of the same species’ in the Indian Museum from South India (Kerumaadi, at the south end of Vembanaad Lake, Travancore (6-xi-o8) and Trivandrum 1913.] 5 E. BRUNETTI: Dvptera. I51 (13-xI-08) both taken by Dr. Annandale) the relative lengths are not constant, the hind metatarsus in one being about one and three quarter times as long as the tibia. The abdomen in the Dibrugarh specimen is tinged with dull red, and in one of the other specimens referred to the legs are brown instead of black, the tarsi being less white than usual. N.B.—Two specimens of Chivonomus (sensu lato) are in the present collection but are too damaged to identify. One is from Dibrugarh, the other from Sadiva. PSYCHODIDAE. Psychoda notatipennis, mihi, sp. nov. (PE vi, fe-"4): Sex? N.E. Frontier of India. Long. barely I mm. Head crushed by pin but one perfect antenna remains and this is densely covered with greyish white pubescence; there are also long whitish hairs about the frons. Body.—Pale yellowish, thorax mainly brown, abdomen with a little blackish across the middle of the dorsum. Both thorax and abdomen with rather long whitish hairs in moderate density. Belly yellowish with whitish hairs. Legs.—Dark brown with a little pale pubescence. Wings.—Clear, with two divaricate rows of fine whitish grey hairs to each vein, the rows lying across one another between the veins. Six small but very distinct spots composed of dark brown hairs are placed in a transverse row at one third of the wing’s length, situated respectively over the auxiliary vein, Ist vein, 2nd and 4th veins at their forks, 5th and 7th veins, in the case of the 7th vein near its tip, which is nearly opposite the tip of the Ist vein but rather more proximad. A second row of similarly formed spots crosses the wing a little beyond the middle, the third spot of which is a little more proximad than the others. In this second row the Ist spot is at the tip of the first ending of the 2nd vein, very close to the costa, the 2nd (the Jargest) on the lower branch of the 2nd vein, the 3rd spot (the most proximad one) on the upper branch of the 4th vein, and the 4th spot near tip of 5th vein, close to the wing margin. There is a similar spot at the tip of the Ist longitudinal vein, which lies on the costa, a little proximad of the second transverse row of spots. Two other similar spots are placed close to the wing tip, respectively at the tips of the lower branch of the 2nd vein and of the upper branch of the 4th vein. Described from a single specimen in good condition, on for the partially crushed head, from Rotung, 1400 ft. (24-xii-Ir), taken under the leaf-stem of a decomposing plantain. Owing to the long hair at the abdomen tip it is not easy to distinguish the sex. This specimen is the only one of this family obtained upon the Expedition. 152 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. Vili CULICIDAE. Toxorhynchites, sp. One specimen of this genus, very much worn, from Dibru- garth, I17—I0Q-xi-II. Stegomyia fasciata, F. Rotung (26-xii-Ir), a single @ in good condition. A very widely distributed species in the East as well in other parts of the Tropics 7 N.B.—One other specimen of Culicide is present, which I am unable to determine; it has the yellow appearance of a Chryso- conops. CLP ULI DAE: Tipula majestica, Brun. One 2, a small specimen, from between Kalek.and Misshing (4000 ft.), 15-11-12. A not uncommon species, represented in the Indian Museum from Naini Tal, Kurseong, the Nilgiri Hills and Assam. Dicronomyia saltans, Dol. Several (@ ¢@) from Dibrugarh, 17—19-xi-11. Described originally from Central Java; it occurs also in Travancore, and is probably generally distributed in the East. Dicronomyia marmoripennis, Brun. Four specimens, o« 2; Kobo (400 ft.) (2—3-xil-11), by sweep- ing in thick jungle. A species widely distributed in India; in the Indian Museum from Darjiling, Kurseong, Purnea, and Bangalore. Limnobia, sp. One @ in indifferent condition, probably of an undescribed species: Kobo, 12-xii-1I. Geranomyia notatipennis, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. vi, fig. x). o N.E. Assam. Long. 5 mm. Head.—Blackish grey, frons lighter; antennae dark reddish brown, Ist scapal joint very large and long; proboscis curved, black, about as long as extreme length of head and thorax together. Thorax.—Rather bright light brownish yellow, three dorsal brown stripes, the median one continued over the anterior margin along the moderately lengthened neck; outer stripes shorter as usual. Traces of a pale brown lateral stripe from neck to root of wings; post-sutural surface of dorsum darker brown, scutellum concolorous, metanotum blackish. 1913.] E. BRUNETTI: Diptera. 153 _ Abdomen.—Brownish yellow, hind margins of segments indis- tinctly but obviously broadly brownish; belly mainly black. Legs wholly brownish yellow. Wings.—Pale yellowish; five pale brown moderately small spots on costa; Ist a little before origin of 2nd longitudinal vein ; and over origin of 2nd vein but extending to the costa; 3rd at tip of auxiliary vein and over subcostal cross-vein; 4th over tip of Ist longitudinal vein and marginal cross-vein; 5th at tip of upper branch of 2nd longitudinal vein. Of these spots the 2nd and 4th are slightly the largest. Halteres brownish yellow. Described from a single ~ from Dibrugarh, 17—19-x1-II. Libnotes punctipennis, Meij. One o& , Dibrugarh, 17—19-xi-11. The species described from Java; in the Indian Museum from Assam, Darjiling and Perade- niya. Libnotes fuscinervis, Brun. One o~ between Kalek and Misshing (4000 ft.), I8-ili-12. In the three specimens in the Indian Museum of this species {apart from the present example) the submarginal cell has a cross- vein as well as the marginal, except in one wing only of one specimen. This fact seems to prove that the unusual presence of an additional cross-vein is not specific. No such extra cross-vein is present in the Abor example. The three ¢ @ in the Indian Museum are from Darjiling. Rhamphidia, sp. One example without legs or antennae, taken between Kalek Misshing (17-11i-I2) at 4000 ft. Teucholabis biannulata, Brun. Two specimens (one is a @, the other has the abdomen tip missing); taken below Damda (3000 ft.) under leaf-stem of plantain and at Rotung, 27-xii-1Ir. It occurs at Kurseong. Conosia irrorata, Wied. Dibrugarh, 17—1i9-xi-It. ‘Two specimens. Amalopis glabripennis, Brun. One @ is evidently this species, taken at Yembung (1100 ft.) (15-i-I12) on bank of stream. Occurs at Darjiling. Limnophila claripennis, mihi, sp. nov. 9 N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 3} mm. Head and thorax nearly ash grey or a little darker, with a pale brown median stripe on the latter, with, on each side of the stripe, 154 Records of the Indian Museum. (Vor. Vale; a little darkening of the surface about the ‘‘ pits,’’ that is, in the spots where the subcontiguous side stripes usually appear. Viewed from behind, the thorax is a little darker and more brown in colour. Scutellum, metanotum and sides of thorax more or less concolorous; palpi blackish; antennae brownish yellow. Abdomen.—Dark brown above, with indistinct blackish mar- gins to segments and a blackish side stripe; belly dirty brownish yellow. Legs.—Wholly brown or dark brownish yellow except coxae and basal part of femora which are pale yellowish, the colour in the latter darkening to brown by about the middle. Wings.—Quite clear; 5 posterior cells; petiole of 2nd posterior cell shorter than the cell; 4th posterior cell as long as the discal cell; posterior cross-vein distinctly before the discal cell. Halteres pale yellow. Described from three @ 2? from Yembung (1100 ft.), 13-i-12; in jungle, near plantain trees. In the two examples other than the type, the head and thorax are much darker, but this is apparently due to their being somewhat stained. Limnophila quartarius, mihi, sp. nov. o” 9 N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 3-44 mm. Head.—Occiput cinereous grey, or nearly ash grey; antennae bright brownish yellow; palpi a little darker. Thorax.—Brownish yellow; the pre-sutural dorsum brownish, the post-sutural part, shoulders and pleurae lighter, nearly pale yellowish; two large round black spots on the sides, one before and one behind the wing-root ; post-sutural callosities a little deeper brown. Abdomen.—Brownish yellow; a lateral black stripe; posterior margins of segments more or less blackish, and a fine black trans- verse line across the middle of each segment. ‘Tip of abdomen darker, genitals concolorous in @, pale yellow in ¢. Legs.—Brownish yellow, tips of femora sometimes a little blackish. Wings.—Very pale grey, rather large, broad, and rounded at the tip. The 2nd longitudinal vein, after the origin of the 3rd, forks at one fourth of its remaining length, the branches strictly parallel, just sufficiently turned upwards at their tips to make them bisinuate; the 3rd vein springs from the 2nd (at the lowest point of the downward curve of the praefurca), without any curve or angle, and the anterior cross-vein is situated at the same spot. The Ist posterior cell with strictly parallel sides; discal cell dis- tinctly shorter than 2nd and 3rd posterior cells; posterior cross- vein just after base of discal cell, but slightly variable in position. Halteres obscure. Described from 5 specimens from Rotung (1400 ft.), 26— 27-xil-TT, IQT3.] E. BRUNETTI: Diptera. 155 The only @ present is stained and nearly black, but it is obviously of this species. Epiphragma kempi, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. vi, fig. 2). Q N.E. Frontier of India. Long. Io mm. Head.—Bright brownish yellow, a little darker immediately above the antennae, of which the Ist scapal joint is dark brown, long and cylindrical, the 2nd being cup-shaped, short and brownish yellow, (flagellum missing). Palpi and underside of head brownish yellow. Thorax.—Brownish yellow, a little darker brown on each side of the middle, on and around the scutellum and metanotum and below the wings, but in all cases the brown colour ill-defined. Abdomen.—Wholly brownish yellow, a lateial black stripe and a faint pale transverse line across the middle of each segment as is usual in this genus. Belly pale brownish yellow. Legs.—Wholly brownish yellow ; a moderately broad subapical pale brown band on all the femora, anterior to which the limb is distinctly paler. Wings.—Pale yellowish grey with a brownish yellow ornamen- tation arranged as follows. The base of the wing is so coloured but the costal cell is clear at the base. Beginning (by punctiform con- tact only) at the basal brown part is a zigzag line of moderate width, proceeding to the costa, with which it is in moderately broad contact; it then descends to the 5th longitudinal vein, where it is sharply demarcated, thence proceeding upwards to the costa with which it is again in broad contact, at a little distance before the characteristic cross-vein between the costa and the auxiliary vein. It proceeds downwards again to the 4th longitudinal vein, at which point it is deflected backwards somewhat, reaching the hind margin of the wing where it encloses the tip of the 7th longitudi- nal vein. From the middle of the Ist basal cell a branch band proceeds again to the costa, with which it is broadly in contact, and whence the band proceeds directly hindwards to the wing margin (narrowing considerably at the inner side of the discal cell), which it reaches broadly behind the 5th vein. An oblong spot, placed transversely to the wing’s length, extends from the 3rd longitudinal vein (embracing the outer side of the discal cell) to the 5th longitudinal vein, where it sharply ends. A pear-shaped spot begins on the costa at the tip of the upper branch of the 2nd longitudinal vein, ending at about the upper branch of the 4th longitudinal vein, at which spot it is joined to another spot which gives out four branches to the wing tip, ending respectively at the tips of the lower branch of the 2nd vein, of the 3rd vein and of both ends of the upper branch of the 4th vein. A small spot beyond the middle in both the 3rd and 4th posterior cells. A spot in the middle of the axillary cell. Halteres brownish yellow. 156 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, Described from one 2 taken between Kalek and Misshing (4000 ft.), 16-iii-12. Dicranophragma gracilis, mihi, sp. nov. (Blsvis fie: 3): Q N.E. Frontier of India. Long. just over 2 mm. Head.—Occiput ash grey; eyes and mouth parts black; palpi blackish (antennae missing). Thorax seen from in front, grey, seen from behind, brownish ; sides of thorax dirty brown. Abdomen.—Dirty brown, a median stripe and a lateral one on each side, the emargination of the segments obscure; belly dirty yellow. Legs.—All brownish yellow, very shortly pubescent, extreme tips of coxae and trochanters black. Wings.—Pale grey. Auxiliary vein ending opposite the middle of the discal cell. The rst longitudinal vein ends midway between the tip of the auxiliary and the wing tip; the praefurca takes a wide curve, its upper branch approximating very closely to the Ist longitudinal vein just beyond the tip of the auxiliary vein; marginal cross-vein just before tip of Ist vein. The two sub- marginal cells about equal in length, both distinctly longer than the marginal cell; base of Ist roundly pointed, that of the 2nd nearly square. Anterior branch of 4th longitudinal vein forked; petiole of 2nd posterior cell shorter than the cell; 4th posterior cell about as long as the discal cell; posterior cross-vein just before the discal cell. A distinct cross-vein in the Ist submarginal cell just beyond the marginal cross-vein. Costal part of wing from tip of auxiliary vein to nearly the end of the marginal cell, brownish, and most of the veins, except the basal half of the 4th and 5th and all the 6th and 7th, faintly but obviously narrowly tinged with pale brown here and there. Described from a single @ from Yembung (1100 ft.) (13-1-12), in jungle near plaintain trees. STRATIOM YIDAE. Microchrysa albitarsis, mihi, sp. nov. Q@ N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 5 mm. Head.—Frons one-fifth the width of the head, with a slight deep blue tinge, but brilliant violet immediately above the anten- nae. Head below antennae bronze green with black hairs. Anten- nal ist joint black, 2nd and 3rd yellow, the latter divided by two annulations into three divisions, arista long. Back of head blackish, Thorax.—Wholly brilliantly shining metallic green, with very short whitish pubescence. Abdomen.—Dark green with very short sparse whitish pubes- cence, which is a little longer around the margin and at the tip. Belly darker, nearly black. 1913. ] E. BRUNETTI: Diptera. 157 Legs.—Black, with microscopic whitish pubescence, all the tarsi wholly yellowish except the extreme tips. Wings.—Clear, veins and the region of the stigma vellowish ; halteres apple green. Described froma single perfect @ from Dibrugarh, 17 —19-xi-II. Tinda indica, Walk. One o, Dibrugarh, 17—19-xitt. A not uncommon and rather widely distributed species, occurring in India, Assam, Celebes and Manila. TABANIDAE. Chrysops ? designata, Ricardo. Two 2 ¢ of aspecies of this genus agree fairly closely with Miss Ricardo’s designata, and may be a varietal form of it. It was described from specimens from Naini Tal, Nepal and Yunnan. ASILIDAE. Of this family only four specimens are present. Two are not in sufficiently good condition for identification, one belonging to the Dasypogoninae, the other to the Asilinae: both from Sadiya, taken respectively 23-xi-II and 28-xi-11. The remaining two specimens are in good condition, representing Asz/us (sensu lato), coming respectively from Kalek (3200 ft) (19-i1i1-12), and Dibrugarh, 17—19-xi-11. In view of the large number of species of this group described from the East and the extreme difficulty of differentiating the species, any attempt at identification would be little better than conjecture. DOLICHOPIDAE. Six specimens are present belonging to this family, but identi- fication is practically impossible, from the indifferent condition of most of them, and the fact that they are mostly females. More- over, until the Oriental species already described are placed upon a firm foundation, it would be hazardous in the extreme to encum- ber the catalogue with further names. One is a Pstlopus,' of which over seventy species have been described from the East, mostly from single specimens, the types of which are now probably in greater part unrecognizable or completely lost. SRPHED AE: Paragus rufiventris, mihi, sp. nov. a Assam, Western Himalayas, Ceylon. Long. 5 mm. Head.—Frons shining black, almost bare. Eyes subcontiguous only, and for a very short distance; posterior orbit of eyes with a 1 Aldrich, the leading expert in North America in this family, has shewn that the use of this name by Poda previously was not in a zoological sense, and there tore its abandonment in favour of Agonosoma is unjustifiable. 158 Records of the Indian Museum. (Vox. VIII, fringe of white hairs, weakest behind the vertex, where the hair is darker. Face very pale lemon yellow, shining, bare, becoming nearly whitish towards the mouth, above which is a little white hair on each side. A black shining median line on the face from immediately below root of antennae to the mouth. The middle part of the face in profile a little protuberant. Antennae blackish brown, 3rd joint more or less reddish brown below at base, arista dorsal, placed at about one-third of the length of the joint. Pro- boscis shining blackish brown. Thorax.—Shining black, covered rather closely with black socketed hairs, which give a punctured appearance to both the dorsum and the scutellum, which latter is concolorous. Sides black, a little conspicuous white hair in front of the wing roots. Abdomen.—Black or blue black, shining; about the hind half or a little more or less, bright reddish brown; the whole surface of the abdomen with white hairs extending over the sides. The tip of the abdomen is sometimes black, or the reddish part may be black at the sides. Belly generally a replica of the upper side Legs.—Coxae and basal half of femora black, shining, apical part of femora brownish yellow, shading into the lemon yellow tip, this colour extending over about the basal third of the tibiae, the remainder being brownish yellow. Tarsi brownish yellow, a little golden yellow pubescence below the hind pair. Wings.— Clear, venation normal, halteres pale yellowish white. Described from a single o@ from Sadiya, 23-ix-11, and also from four ~ @ in the Indian Museum; the type from Mangaldai, Assam —Bhutan Frontier (1 or 2-i-11) [Kemp|; the others from Dhikala, Gharwal District, base of Western Himalayas, I0-iii-10; Bijrani, Naini Tal District, 19-11i-10; Peradeniya, Ceylon, 1I5-vii-10. Paragus serratus, Fab. Two a & from Sadiya, 23-xi-r1, and Dibrugarh, 17—109-xi-I1, respectively. A common and widely distributed species in South Asia, India, Sokotra, Ceylon and Java, and probably in many other parts of the Orient also. Chilosia apicalis, mihi, sp. nov. Q N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 74 mm. Head.—Eyes with grey pubescence; the frons at just above the antennae, nearly one-third the width of the head, narrowing to the vertex, where it is only two-thirds as wide. Whole head aenous, with darker and with greyish reflections. Vertex and frons with black hairs, also the large transverse callosity just above the antennae, which reaches from eye to eye and is rather im- pressed in its middle. Facial bump moderately projecting, with a little yellowish grey hair on each side of the mouth opening. Proboscis blackish, with large reddish brown labella. Underside of head with a little white hair. Antennae reddish brown, upper 1913.] E. BRUNETTI: Diptera. 159 side and tip of 3rd joint blackish. Posterior border of eves with white hair on the lower half. Thorax.—Aenous, with a very slight bronze green tint viewed in certain directions, with short black and yellow hairs. Scutellum concolorous; black hairs on dorsum, with which some yellow ones are intermixed, yellow hair only on underside, softer and closer and there are at least six long black bristles on the hind border A few inconspicuous black bristles behind the wings: pleurae with light yellowish hair. Abdomen with Ist segment brownish, the remainder dull black, with yellowish hairs, which are thicker towards the base at the sides. Belly similar, nearly bare. Legs —Coxae black, a little reddish brown about the trochan- ters; femora black except narrowly yellowish at tips; tibiae orange, with a rather narrow median band which is narrower and in- complete on the anterior legs, and broader and complete on the hind legs. Tarsi orange, tips brown; hind tarsi with all the upper side dark. Wings.—Nearly clear; stigma brownish vellow, extending to the end of the cell; a blackish infuscation over the apical third of the wing, extending from the stigma posteriorly to about the hinder limits of the rst posterior cell. Halteres dirty yellow. Described from one @ from Rotung (1400 ft.), 4—13-i11-12. Syrphus balteatus, Degeer. Seven specimens (@ ?) of this widely distributed Palaearctic, North American and Himalayan species; from Sadiya (23-x1-I1), Rotung (26-xi-r1) and Dibrug*rh, 17—19-xt-II. Syrphus aeneifrons, mihi, sp. nov. o N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 10 mm. Head.—Kyes with dense dark brown pubescence; touching for more than half the distance from the upper corner of the frons to the elougate vertical triangle. This latter is black, with a few stiff black hairs curved forwards. rons aenous bronze, antennal tubercle black, both with long black hairs. Face orange yellow, barely produced in the middle, just above the mouth, where it is blackish. Mouth border and lower edge of face black, with a few black hairs. Proboscis brownish. Antennae wholly black, 2nd joint emarginate, with black bristles at tip; 3rd joint elongo- conical, arista black. Posterior orbit of eyes with a fringe of bright orange scale-like thick hairs; occiput grey. Thorax.—Shining black, with brownish yellow hairs. Sides dark grey; pleurae with grey or yellowish grey hairs; scutellum yellowish with dark brown hairs. Abdomen.—Ovaie, black, moderately shining; 2nd segment with a pair of elongo-triangular yellowish spots; their bases placed near the lateral margins, their apices nearly reaching the centre of 160 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vot. VIII, the segment; 3rd segment with a pair of elongate spots near the anterior margin, and not attaining the lateral margins. (They are slightly widened towards the sides in one specimen, but are of uniform width in the type). These spots nearly meet in the centre of the segment (probably in individual specimens actually are united). The 4th segment with two similar spots but rather smaller. (These in the type are of uniform width, but in the 2nd specimen are distinctly wider towards the sides as in the previous segment). Pubescence of abdomen concolorous with the ground colour; a quantity of pale yellow or whitish yellow hair laterally at base. Belly blackish, with greyish reflections, yellowish about the middle. Legs.—Coxae and basal half of femora black, the tarsi brown; remainder of legs yellowish or brownish yellow; a little whitish and pale yellowish hair on the femora, longer on the underside. Wings colourless; stigma dirty brownish yellow; halteres dull red brown. Described from two ~7@; the tyfe taken between Kalek and Misshing (4000 ft.), 18-ili-12; the second example taken at Yembung (1100 ft.), 17-i1i-12. Syrphus transversus, mihi, sp. nov. 9 Assam. Long. 10 mm. Head.—"Viyes with yellowish white pubescence. Frons gradu- ally widening from vertex to a line drawn through the base of the antennae, where it is fully one-third the width of the head at that point. Vertex shining violet, bare, except for the ocellar triangle which bears a few short black hairs. Rest of frons yellowish white dusted, but for a large space around the antennal protuberance it is shining black. Face pale yellow, more whitish below, central bump rather small, shining black, the colour extending in a stripe to the mouth. The whole frons (except the vertex) down to the antennae bears black pubescence, the whole face bears whitish pubescence, which is longest on the lower part and around the black mouth border. Proboscis blackish brown. Antennae wholly black, much as in aenetfrons, 3rd joint a little shorter. The anterior edge of the antennal protuberance brownish yellow. Back of head ash grey; upper posterior orbit of eyes with a fringe of bright yellow scale- like thick hairs, the lower part of the orbit with similar white scaly hairs. Thovax.—Aenous, with pale brownish yellow hairs. Sides ash grey with whitish hairs. Scutellum vellowish, with yellow hairs on the dorsum and long black hairs in the region of the posterior border, and soft pendant white hair below. Abdomen.—Ovate, black, Ist segment aenous, very short; 2nd, 3rd and 4th segments with a moderately broad yellow band on each, none of them attaining the side margins, all narrowed in the middle, the 1st and 3rd bands practically interrupted there. In fact the Ist band is really composed of two elongate triangular iis) aa E. BRUNETTI: Diptera. 161 yellow spots, their apices not contiguous, but connected by a small grey dusted patch. The 3rd band is actually interrupted for a very short space and in individual specimens might easily resolve itself into two elongate spots. Pubescence of abdomen con- colorous with ground colour; a good deal of white hair laterally at the base and short pubescence along the side margins except where the black parts of the abdomen intervene. Belly blackish, the two wider yellow bands duplicated as on the dorsum, the pubescence sparser. In certain lights the dorsal abdominal bands have a creamy shade, especially the Ist band. Legs.-—Coxae rather less than half as long as the anterior femora, and more than half the hind femora, black. Tibiae brown- ish yellow, tarsi brown or blackish brown, hind pair with golden brown pubescence below. Femora with pale hair, hind tibiae with minute black pubescence on outer side. Wings clear, subcostal cell pale yellow; halteres yellowish white. Described from one 9 from Sadiya, 28-xi-II. Syrphus fulvifacies, mihi, sp. nov. Q N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 9 mm. Head.—Eyes bare; frons twice as wide at the level of the antennae (where it forms one third of the head) as at the vertex; wholly dull black, but for a short space below the black vertical triangle and also above the antennal protuberance it has a brassy aenous tinge. From the vertex to the antennae with black hairs. Face wholly, from roots of antennae downwards to lower margin, bright golden orange, rather deeper on central knob, which is of moderate size; mouth black but the mouth border itself yellow, with a small black spot at the extreme tip of the snout. Proboscis dark brown. Face with a little short black pubescence on sides of protuberance, on the remainder with very soft pale yellow hairs. Antennae dull black, basal two-thirds of underside of 3rd joint dull reddish brown, arista black. Occiput grey with a complete marginal fringe all round of uniformly sized bright yellow scale-like thick hairs. Thorax.—-Dull blackish, with soft pale brownish yellow hairs. These are so sparsely placed and of such fineness that the dorsum appears at first sight denuded of pubescence except towards the lateral margins and at the sides, where it is bright golden yellow and much thicker both in texture and quantity. The pleurae and wing bases also covered with similar golden yellow hair ; sides of thorax cinereous grey. Scutellum yellow, with rather copious long black pubescence. Abdomen.—Ovate, black. A pair of elongate yellow spots in the centre of the lateral margins of 2nd segment, their inner ends rounded but well separated from one another. A yellowish band in the middle of the 3rd and 4th segments, their anterior corners only reaching the lateral margins. These bands are emarginate in the 162 Records of the Indian Museum. VoL. Vit: middle, more conspicuously so behind, both are of uniform width with the spots on the 2nd segment. Extreme posterior margin of 5th segment yellow. Pubescence of abdomen black, even on the yellow parts, but there is the usual amount of hair about the anterior corners, where it is bright yellow. Belly blackish, the yellow bands present about the same appearance as on the dorsum. Legs.—Coxae, nearly the basal half of the anterior femora, all the hind femora except the tips, and hind legs wholly, except the basal third of their tibiae, black; the remainder of the legs yellow, tips of anterior tarsal joints with a row of black bristles, giving a darkened appearance to these parts, and the anterior tarsi with short black bristly hairs below. Hind tibiae with golden yellow pubescence on inner side; hind tarsi with similar pubescence below. Wings clear, subcostal cell brownish yellow; halteres yellow. Described from a single @ , Rotung, 26-ix-II. N.B.—This species is remarkably like the very common Palaearctic S. vzbesti, L. and may possibly be a variety of it, unless the limits of that species are truly known. If so, it differs from vibesii by the hind femora being principally black. In this respect it resembles vztvipennis, Mg., if this latter is really distinct. Verrall states of vityifennis, in comparing that species with his wonder- fully correct description of S. vibes, that its best specific distinc- tion from the latter is ‘‘ the scarcity of the tiny black bristles about the tip of the hind femora in both sexes.’’ In rzbesi these bristles are wholly yellow on all the femora except the middle pair (where they are black); in vitvzpennis they are all black and scarce. In the present form they are black and numerous. The hind tibiae are all black except about the basal third, whereas in rzbes17 there is at most an obscure dark patch on the front side, and in vitripennis the tibiae are wholly yellow. The present form is as distinct from both rzbestz and vitri- pennis as these two are from one another, but I am still open to question whether the three forms are not merely three well-marked varieties of one species. There are also so-called ‘‘species’’ in North America so near vbesiz that further confirmation of their distinctness would be very satisfactory. Syrphus maculipleura, mihi, sp. nov. 9 N-E. Frontier of India. Long. 6 mm. Head.—¥rons at base of antennae one third of the head, diminishing to half this width on the vertex, where it is shining with a dark violet aenous tinge. Remainder of frons shining aenous black, except for a narrow pale yellow eye margin which joins the pale yellow face, on which is a broad shining black middle stripe from the base of the antennae to the mouth. The small space between the roots of the antennae, yellow. Antennae with rst and 2nd joints brown, 3rd with upper half black and lower part dull reddish brown. Frons with fine black hairs, face EGER? | yo E. BRuNETTI: Diptera. 163 witb sparse short fine yellow hairs. Proboscis black with yellow labella. Hinder orbit of eyes with whitish yellow scaly hairs, back of head blackish grey. In profile the head does not extend down- wards below the level of the eyes. Thorax.—Bright shining aenous with a bronze tint, with short black or blackish brown hairs. Scutellum with dull black (almost velvet black) dorsum, the colour becoming dark brown on the hind margin; the extreme base is narrowly pale yellow; the surface covered with black hairs. Sides of thorax dull aenous or aenous grey, with a small quantity of yellowish or yellowish grey hair. A small oblong, pale yellow, inconspicuous callus-like spot on each shoulder; a small similar spot on the prothorax on each side just above the first pair of coxae. Three elongate similarly coloured small spots placed in a curved line below and behind the wings, the lowermost spot situated on the sternopleura. Abdomen elongate, of uniform width, about as long as head and thorax together, black; Ist segment yellow except a little blackish in the middle at the base; 2nd segment with a pair of elongate yellowish spots across the middle, their outer ends touching the lateral edges of the segment, their inner ends well separated. The 3rd and 4th segments each with a slightly arcuate yellowish band, emarginate in middle on hinder side, placed just before the middle of the segment, and almost attaining the lateral margins (or if reaching them in individual examples, the contact probably practically punctiform only). The 5th segment with two oval yellow spots placed diagonally from anterior border to each hind corner. ‘The whole abdomen with fine short black hairs, the sides also with black hairs; very little pale hair about the anterior corners of the abdomen. Belly mainly yeilowish; the black parts of the dorsum more or less duplicated below. Legs.—Anterior pairs pale yellow; an infuscated streak on upper side of fore femora and on outer side of fore tibiae; middle femora and tibiae similar but the obscure mark on the tibiae forms more nearly a median band. Fore tarsi all rich brown, middle tarsi black. Hind legs all black except base of femora a little yellowish; rich golden brown pubescence below hind tarsi. Pubescence of legs weak, pale yellow on anterior legs and black on hind pair. Wings.—Clear, iridescent ; subcostal cell pale brownish yellow ; halteres yellow. Described from one @ , Rotung, 25-xii-II. N.B.—According to Verrall, species with distinct yellow spots on the pleurae should not be included in Syrphus, yet it is difficult to know where else to place the present species. The shoulder spots ate not continued as a yellow border to the thorax, and both this character, the Syrphus-like facies of the insect and width of abdomen (relatively broader than such species as cimctus and conctellus) and the distinct Syrphus-like markings of the abdomen, all prevent it coming in Sphaerophoria. In its general appearance it is still less like Mesogramma or Allograpta. From Xanthogramma 164 Records of the Indian Museum. {Vor,. VIII, its comparatively narrow abdomen and general appearance and also the absence of yellow side lines to the thorax, separate it. As it seems to all intents and purposes a Syrphus, it is left in this genus, at least for the present. Asarkina salviae, Wied. One o&, typical, Sadiya, 23-xi-II. Asarkina aegrotus, F. One o , Sadiya, 28-xi-1r. The wings are infuscated on the entire basal half instead of bearing, as in typical forms, a broad cross band, but other specimens in the Indian Museum have only the shortest possible clear space at the wing base. Melanostoma mellinum, L. Two specimens of this common and _ widely distributed Palaearctic species: Dibrugarh, 17—19-xi-11 and Kobo (400 ft.), 3-xii-II, both females. It is common in many Himalayan localities. Melanostoma orientalis, Wied. One @? , Sadiya, 28-xi-IL; two 2 9, Dibrugarh, 17—19-xi-II. Very near scalare, F. of Europe, as Wiedemann says; it is still nearer mellinum, 1, ‘The absence of the bump above the antennae seems to have been overlooked by Wiedemann, but it appears a sound and consistent specific character. The antennae are des- cribed as wholly bright orange yellow, but in one or two examples seen by me from other localities, as well as in the present specimens, there is a little brown on the upper side and the tip of the 3rd joint. Also, the frons is rather more grey-dusted. ‘The species is in the Indian Museum, as determined by me, from Bangalore and Mergui. Melanostoma univittatum, Wied. Four 7 o, Dibrugarh, 17—IQ-xi-II, agree exactly with the description, as do other specimens in the Indian Museum from Bangalore and Mergui. Sphaerophoria scutellaris, F. Sadiya, 23—28-x1-II, Rotung, 1400 ft., 26-xii-11, Kobo, 400 ft., 30-xi-I1, four specimens in all, both sexes being present. One of the most widely distributed species of Syrphidae, extending (probably) over the whole of the Orient, North and South Africa, the Canaries, Madagascar and Formosa. Tors. | a E. BRUNETTI: Dtptera. 165 Bacha flavopunctata, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. vi, figs. 5-6). @ Assam. Long. 9 mm. Head.—Vertex, and the frons for a short distance, shining black ; remainder of frons, down to the antennal protuberance, yellow-dusted. From this part downwards, the whole face pale yellow, with a median shining black stripe and a black spot imme- diately above the antennae, which latter are wholly bright yellow. Below the mouth opening, shining steel colour; proboscis yellow, occiput dark grey with a fringe of short yellow hairs. Thorax.—Dorsum shining dark aenous black, an oblong bright callus-like yellow spot on the shoulders; an elongate perpendicu- lar stripe on the mesopleura, with a small spot below it on the sternopleura: a diagonal stripe on the metapleura from the just mentioned spot, passing behind the wing root; all these spots bright yellow, callus-like, smooth and shining. Scutellum bright yellow, with a central brown oval spot; a few grey hairs. Abdomen.—Very attenuated on basal half except at base of Ist segment ; some white lateral hairs towards the base, the rest of the surface with sparse short black hairs. The Ist segment pale yellow, 2nd light brown, very narrow to tip, 3rd and 4th gradu- ally widening to the tip of the latter, each with a wide black band on posterior margin ; 3rd blackish also at base, especially towards the sides ; 5th segment brownish yellow. Belly similar to dorsum. Legs.—Coxae black; anterior legs (except coxae) wholly bright yellow down to tarsi tips; a broad median band on hind femora, and the apical half of hind tibiae, dark brown or black; upper side of hind metatarsus rich dark golden brown, the colour more or less extending to the under side, which is covered with golden brown hair ; remainder of hind tarsi orange-yellow. Wings.—Clear grey; subcostal cell blackish, costal cell and about the basal half of the marginal cell brownish, and the costa from the end of the stigma to the tip of the 3rd vein, narrowly and distinctly black suffused. Halteres yellow. Described from a single 9 from Dibrugarh, 17—19-x1-II. N.B.—This species must be near gratiosa, Big. Several specimens were already in the Indian Museum from Sukna (base of Darjiling hills) and one from Rungpo, Sikkim, 6-ix-og, all males. Sphegina tristriata, mihi, sp. nov. (Pleigie tig.) 7). @ N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 6 mm. Head.—Frons uniformly wide, about one-fourth of the head, shining black, but not brilliant. Eyes dull red, antennae brown- ish yellow, Ist joint brownish, 3rd a little infuscated above at the tip. Mouth parts and proboscis yellowish. Thorax.—Ground colour brownish yellow, but dorsum almost wholly occupied by three practically contiguous dark brown 166 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vile stripes, with only a brief space between them, at their middles, as they are united on the anterior margin and practically so near the posterior margin also. Pleurae dark brown; scutellum con- colorous. Abdomen.—Mainly black, base of 2nd segment and whole of 3rd, pale whitish yellow. Legs.—Anterior pairs pale yellow, tarsi tips brownish; hind legs yellowish brown, with femora broadly dark brown at tips and on upper side, the colour extending over the sides, but not attain- ing the ventral surface for a certain space beyond the all pale yellow base. Wings.—Pale grey, subcostal cell darker grey. Tip of wing infuscated as far inwards as just proximad of the up-turned section of the 4th longitudinal vein; but, in the marginal cell, implanted in the infuscated part, is a tear-shaped clear spot in contact with the clear part of the wing. Small infuscations over the origin of the 3rd vein, the anterior cross-vein, and the up- turned section of the 5th vein. Halteres dirty white. Described from a unique ? from Rotung, 6-13-i1i-12. Rhingia binotata, Brun. The o@ was described by me from a specimen in my own collection from Darjiling, since when a perfect example has been acquired by the Indian Museum from Kurseong. A @ occurs in the Abor collection from the banks of the Siyom River, near Yekshi, taken 3-ii-12. It resembles the @; the frons is one-fifth of the head, dark grey, of uniform width, the general colour less bright, the thorax rather more grey than yellowish grey, and the general pubescence grey instead of yellow. Rhingia sexmaculata, mihi, sp. nov. 9 Assam. Long. 8 mm. Head.—Frons rather more than one fourth the width of the head, just perceptibly narrower at vertex, the ground colour aenous, brownish yellow-dusted, with short, comparatively fine, black hairs. Ocelli red, distinct, placed in an impressed triangle. Face immediately below antennae, concolorous, the snout orange, comparatively short, being only as long as the lateral width of the eyes; haustellum blackish, the mouth parts brownish yellow. Antennal protuberance of moderate size, concolorous with frons; antennae wholly orange, upper margin and tip of 3rd joint very narrowly brownish, arista black. Thorax.—Ground colour aenous, brownish yellow-dusted. Two narrow, closely approximated narrow median lighter stripes, and an outer under stripe each side, none of the stripes very obvious. Scutellum concolorous, posterior margin very narrowly brownish yellow; dorsum with a few short black hairs. Sides of thorax concolorous, a little pale yellow hair about the pleurae and wing bases. 1913. ] = E. BRUNETTI: Dvptera. 167 Abdomen.—Blackish ; ist segment pale whitish yellow except for the dark posterior corners; 2nd, 3rd and 4th segments each with a pair of well-separated oblong yellowish spots (about as wide as one-third the length of the segment), placed towards but not on, the anterior margin, their extremities attaining the lateral edges of the segments. A little yellowish hair at the sides of the abdomen, basally ; belly blackish. Legs.—Brownish yellow ; coxae, and, to a slight extent the extreme base of the femora, black ; tarsi tips a little brown; the femora with a very little pale hair. Wings.—Clear-yellowish grey ; stigmatic region of subcostal cell yellowish ; tegulae brown with yellow fringe ; halteres brownish yellow. Described from oné ¢ from Dibrugarh, 17-xi-ITI. Graptomyza brevirostris, Wied. One ¢, Rotung (1400 ft.), on bank of Dihang River, 25-xli-II. There is another specimen in the Indian Museum from the Nilgiri Hills. Graptomyza ventralis, Wied. A 2, which appears to be the typical form of this species, from Rotung, 26-xii-IT. G. ventralis, W.; nigripes, mihi, var. nov. This form differs from the normal one by the partly black femora, instead of being honey yellow. The anterior pairs have the apical half black except for the very narrowly yellow tips ; in the hind pair the black is more extensive. The middle and hind tarsi are brownish yellow, with only the last joint black. One 2° , Sadiya, 27-xi-IT. Helophilus bengalensis, Wied. One @, Dibrugarh, 17-19-xi-11. It shows a slight variation from the typical form as the antennae and antennal protuberance are both wholly black; also the inverted V-shaped mark on the 4th abdominal segment is hidden by a triangular black spot. Sericomyia eristaloides, mihi, sp. nov. Q N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 13 mm. Head.—Frons barely projecting in profile beyond eyes; face moderately swollen, the protuberance elongate and not conspi- cuous; haustellum somewhat thick and long, the mouth parts blackish. Frons, at a line drawn through the base of the anten- nae, one-third as wide as the head, narrowing considerably at 168 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vorl2 Vik, vertex ; the upper half barely shining. black ; ocelli distinct, red, set on the surface of the frons, enclosed by a slightly impressed line; lower half of frons brownish yellow-dusted. The whole frons with long soft black hairs, which towards and on the vertex become dark brown. Whole underside of head, and face from parallel with the antennae, yellowish pollinose, the central bump dark brown (a little lighter in the centre), with a fairly wide black stripe on each side of it. Some black hairs towards the sides of the central bump, and a little short bright yellow hair on the other parts of the underside of the head, including the two black stripes. Antennae without any protuberance; a small shining rich maho- gany-brown triangle immediately above and contiguous to their roots. The Ist antennal joint shining black, the 2nd nearly quadrate, viewed from in front, with a few stiff black hairs, 3rd joint much wider than 2nd, twice as long, quite bare, dark reddish-brown, oval, a little whitish dust on underside; arista long, yellow, plumose above and below, the upper rays distinctly the longer. Occiput ash grey, nearly whitish on ocular orbits, which on the upper half of the head do not project beyond the margin of the eyes themselves, but they do so on the lower half, where they bear long white hair. Thorax.—-Dull brownish, barely shining, and with the sides brownish grey; the whole rather thickly covered with yellowish brown hair. Scutellum brownish yellow, paler on hind margin ; dorsum with brown hairs at base which become yellow and longer towards the tip; underside with a fringe of soft whitish yellow hairs. Abdomen.—The Ist segment whitish yellow, the remainder blackish ; 2nd yellowish on anterior corners, 2nd, 3rd and 4th with an uninterrupted rather narrow yellowish band just before the middle and reaching the lateral margins or nearly so. All the bands of the same width ; 5th segment all black. Some long soft yellow hairs at the sides at the base. Surface of abdomen with very short pubescence concolorous with the ground-colour; a fringe of very short yellow hairs on hind margin of each segment, most conspicuous on the 4th segment, and the extreme edges of the segments themselves, brownish yellow. Genitalia consisting of a short cylindrical tube, from which emerge two oval brownish yellow lamellae. Legs.—Coxae black. Fore femora black, with a yeliow streak on hinder side, middle femora yellow, with a wide black streak on front side, hind femora with basal half brownish yellow, and | apical half black ; all the femora with a little pale yellow hair ; the hind femora with a number of stiff black bristles of different lengths below, on apical half. Tibiae mainly black, fore pair at base, and middle pair at base and tip yellowish ; hind tibiae black ; all tibiae with close pubescence, which is brownish yellow on the front side of the fore tibiae, and whitish on the hinder side, where it is much longer; hind tibiae with very short pubescence which is black in front and whitish on hinder side. Tarsi black or 1913.] E. BRUNETTI: Diptera. 169 dark brown, with short golden yellow pubescence ; hind pair with rich golden brown pubescence below. Wings.—Pale grey ; a small brownish yellow infuscation in the middle from the costa and the brown stigma, reaching posteriorly to the 4th longitudinal vein. Tegulae and halteres brownish yellow. Described from a single @ taken between Renging and Rotung (2200 ft.), 20-xi-IT. N.B.—Although with the general appearance of an Evistalis, this is a true Sevicomyia in every character. Chrysotoxum sexfasciatum, Brun. One o taken between Rotung and Kalek (2000-3500 ft.), I4-15-iii-12. In this specimen the antennae show hardly any red at their base, and the antennal protuberance is wholly shining black. In all other respects it meets the description exactly. Mixogaster vespiformis, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. vi, figs. 8-10). > Assam. Long. barely 8 mm. Head.—Frons about half as wide as the head, with parallel sides, black, closely wrinkled; the dull-red eyes, bare. seen in profile, not attaining either the upper or lower limits of the head. Face with short bright yellow hair; a narrow reddish brown stripe across the frons, from eye to eye, immediately above the anten- nae. ‘The vertex gently curved, the whole of the face quite flat. Antennae reddish brown, absolutely bare; Ist joint moderately long, elongate, 2nd very short (easily overlooked), 3rd about six times as long as the Ist, elongate, slender, sub-cylindrical, very slightly thickened beyond the middle, and tapering to a blunt point, the whole antenna as long as from the frons to the tip of the scutellum. A bare, comparatively sniall, curved arista near the base of the 3rd joint. This joint is bent backwards across the eyes after the fashion of Aculeate Hymenoptera. Back of head blackish, a little bright yellow hair behind the eyes. Thorax.— Bright red, with a median black stripe about one- third the width of the dorsum. Sides blackish with a stripe of bright yellow hair from the ends of the transverse suture nearly to the legs: posterior margins of the dorsum with yellow hair. Scutellum black, covered with bright yellow hair. Abdomen.—The Ist segment narrowed immediately after the base, black, the posterior border reddish brown; 2nd segment at base of same width as the tip of the Ist, but from its middle rapidly widening ; 3rd segment widening still further, the greatest width of the abdomen being at the juncture of the 3rd and 4th segments, after which it rapidly narrows. The 2nd segment black on basal half, with a peculiar dirty milk-white stripe each side of the median line; apical half of segment reddish brown, 170 Records of the Indian Museum. [ Wor. Vii. with a fringe of short bright yellow hairs on posterior margin. The 3rd and 4th segments mainly blackish with very short bright yellow hairs, the sides of the former obviously but not conspicuously reddish brown; the tip of the abdomen similarly coloured. Belly blackish, whitish at base, the genitalia orange. Legs.—All coxae black; remainder of anterior legs brownish yellow, the tibiae with some whitish reflections. Hind legs black, knees brownish yellow, and tarsi tips yellowish, the tibiae and tarsi with minute whitish pubescence. Underside of hind tarsi brownish yellow. Wings.—Pale grey, stigmatic cell yellowish. A blackish infuscation at tip of wing from about the tip of the Ist longi- tudinal vein to just below the 3rd vein. The appendix in the Ist posterior cell very distinct. Halteres bright lemon-yellow. Described from a single @ from Dibrugarh, 17-19-xi-1I. N.b6.—This peculiar genus is only previously known from Australia, Mexico, Central America and Brazil. All the species must possess a more or less vespiform appearance from the remarkable resemblance in the 3rd antennal joint being bent back as is usually the case in Aculeate Hymenoptera. MUSCIDAE. Ist Division CALYPTRATA. TACHININAE. Of this sub-family six species are present, represented by eight specimens, but there are no means available for determining them. Two specimens of a species of Sarsophaga are present. MUSCINAE. Ot Muscidae verae six species are represented. Rhinia limbipennis, Macq. Four @ 2; Sadiya, 23-xi-r1. Occurs in various parts of India and Assam. Rhynchomyia (s. Jato). Four 2? 2 of a khynchomyia in the wide sense, from Sadiya, 23-28-xi-I1 and Kobo (400 ft.), I-xi-1T. Pyrellia violacea, Macq. Hight specimens, representing both sexes, of what I have always regarded as this species ; Sadiya, 28-xi-rr. It is commonly distributed in India. 1913. ]| E. Brunetti: Diptera. WE Philaematomyia insignis, Aust. Dibrugarh, 17-19-xi-I1 and Sadiya, 25-xi-I1, some taken by “sweeping Artemisia,” seven specimens in all, both sexes. A very widely distributed species of ‘‘ blood-sucking fly,” found in India, Ceylon, Sokotra, Cyprus, Palestine, Senegal, Congo Free State, Burma, Assam, Borneo. N.B.—Of the remaining true Muscids there are 5 of a species of Lucilia, # @; and several of both sexes of a species of Musca allied to domestica, I. ANTHOMYINAE. Ophyra caerulea, mihi, sp. nov. o @ N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 4 mm. Head.—Eyes not quite touching in », for some little dis- tance ; frons dead black; face black, with a greyish shinimer if viewed from certain directions; the eve margins with a row of bristles along the distance of greatest contiguity, that is. from the lowest point of the small triangular frons to the brilliant white spot above the root of the antennae. This spot is semicircular in outline on its upper side and pointed below. Antennae blackish, not reaching mouth opening, without greyish shimmer ; proboscis and palpi blackish. In the ? the frons is one-third the width of the head, black- ish, but with a brownish vellow tinge. (This may be due to the head having heen moistened). Thorax.—Shining indigo blue, the colour less bright on the sides in the region below and behind the wing base, and below the shoulder where it is more or less dirty brown-tinged. A very dis- tinct small cream-yellow spot on the humerus.' Dorsum of thorax with rather thick blackish brown hair. Scutellum con- colorous, a pair of post-basal bristles and a pair of long conver- gent apical ones. Abdomen.—Rather narrow, shining indigo blue ; when viewed from in front a little brownish about the base. Belly pale dirty brown. Legs.—Dull yellowish brown, pubescent ; tarsi black, the inner sides of the femora lighter (?).” Wings.—Clear, veins yellowish ; tegulae whitish with short white fringe* halteres black. Described from a single ~ and @ from Rotung, 1400 it., 3I-Xli-II. ! In the 2 the humeri are darkened, but this may be due to accident, the front part of the specimen shewing signs of having been wetted. — 2 This isso in the 2 example, but may be individual variation, or perhaps the more normal colouration, or even a sexual difference, though this latter seems unlikely. 172 Records of the Indian Museum. Vion Villa N.B.—This species differs from all other Eastern ones by the brilliant blue colour, its yellowish shoulder spots, and rather smaller size. It is near, but quite distinct from, the European O. anthrax. Limnophora kempi, mihi, sp. nov. o@ Assam. Long. 3 mm. Head.—Eye margins narrowly pale yellowish grey, the width not uniform but continued with extreme narrowness to between the points of greatest contiguity of the eyes. The whole of the remainder of the front part of the head very pale grey-dusted with a slight bluish tinge. Two or three short bristles on upper part of eye margin, alongside of the dull-reddish brown frontal triangle. Vertical triangle dark grey, a few short bristly hairs, the three ocelli very small, brilliantly shining ruby-red, placed on extreme angles of the triangle. A longer pair of bristles just behind the vertex, convergent, placed one behind each corner of the ocellar triangle. Antennae black, arista microscopically pubescent only. A pair of strong oral vibrissae. Back and underside of head dark grey with short stiff black hairs. Proboscis black ; palpi black, slender, rather long, slightly enlarged at tips. Thorax.—Pale cinereous grey (centre part damaged by pin), with at least four rows of bristles of various sizes. ‘There are three stronger ones in the humeral region, four more or less in a row from below the humerus to the wing root, three or four above and in front of the wing. Scutellum concolorous, with three pairs of bristles, one post basal, near the sides, a smaller pair near the middle of the dorsum, and a long apical pair. Abdomen.—Dark grey, the dorsum of the segments appearing more or less darker according to the angle at which they are viewed. Surface of abdomen covered with soft black hairs and a row of stronger bristly hairs near posterior border of each segment. Legs. - Dark brownish black, shortly pubescent ; femora and tibiae with numerous spines and bristles; all tibiae with a circlet of spines near tip. Wings.— Colourless, squamae yellowish white; halteres yellow. Described from one o& from Sadiya, 25-xi-IT. Lispa ? pallitarsis, Stein. Two specimens from Dibrugarh, 17—19-xi-11, agree so closely with the description of this species that it seems likely they are identical, although disagreeing in one or two points. They agree in the shining black unmarked thorax, in the absence of strong bristles in this part except towards the sides, in the black face and antennae, in the oblong or sub-cylindrical abdomen with a narrow whitish mark on the anterior margin towards each side of the 2nd to the 4th segments. This character alone is quite 1913.] E. BRUNETTI: Dtpftera. 173 unusual in the genus. They also agree in the last four joints of the fore tarsi being whitish yellow. The palpi are pale yellow, but in Stein’s species they are black or “‘ rarely dirty yellow,’’ but as he described from only three specimens the ‘‘ rarely’’ is somewhat discounted. In the face of such close agreement it 1s impossible to describe the present form as distinct, yet I cannot decide for certain that it represents pallitarsis. The latter was described from Java. The remaining Anthomyidae consist of 4 species of Spilogaster, each represented by a single specimen only, and two specimens of a Coenosia. Many species have been described of both these genera and on such small material it seems inadvisable to add to the number. and Division ACALYPTRATA. BORBORINAE. Limosina magna, mihi, sp. nov. N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 3 mm. Head.—Wholly black. Eye two-thirds the vertical height of the head. Antennae dark reddish brown; 3rd joint large, oval. with microscopic yellowish grey pubescence and very long black shortly pubescent arista, situated at its upper corner; 2nd joint strongly projecting over the 3rd on the inner side with a circlet of strong spines. Two rows of dorso-frontal converging bristles placed so as to divide the frons into three nearly equal parts; of these the middle ones seem the larger but both the exact number and their size appear variable. E. BRuNETI1: Diptera. 175, HETERONEURINAE. Trigonometopus trilineatus, mihi, sp. nov. (Blkowavstig nr)e Assam. Long. 3-34 mm. Head.— Frons flattened, horizontal (generic character) ; at its narrowest part, which is opposite the frontal bristles, more than one-third the width of the head, widened rapidly at vertex, brownish yellow. Ocellar triangle well below vertex, small, black. A single pair of frontal bristies just below narrowest part of frons, and removed from eye margins. Two sub-triangular brownish marks on frons placed, so to speak, base to base, but separated from each other, situated midway between the ocellar triangle and the base of the antennae. Two pairs of vertical bristles, the median pair converging, the outer pair, near the corners of the eyes, diverging. Occiput wholly yellow, with a fcw soft yellow hairs. Face very retreating, with a deep groove each side near the eyes (both generic characters). These grooves and a median stripe are dark brown and very conspicuous, extending from the base of the antennae to nearly behind the eye, and to the mouth opening. Cheeks with a row of about six bristles, placed behind the ends of the facial groove. Proboscis and palpi concealed, brownish yellow the latter moderately long, cylindrical, slender. Antennae brownish yellow Ist and 2nd joints with a row of spines at the tip; 3rd as long as Ist and 2nd together, bare, except for miscroscopic pubescence, and with a long black pubes- cent arista inserted on the inner side. A small black spot between the eye margin and the base of the antennae, contiguous to both. Thorax.— Dull brownish yellow, violet-grey-dusted seen from certain directions, und with two narrow, well separated median brown stripes from anterior to posterior margin where they nearly or quite meet, and are then continued as a single broad stripe to the tip of the concolorous scutellum. Sides of thorax mainly yellowish, but brownish about the shoulders and from there to the wings, the colour probably extending in individuals to a varying extent. Three pairs of dorso-central br stles, of which the most anterior pair are placed but little in tront of the middle of the thorax; a row of four similar bristles from shoulder to root of wing; two mesopleural, one sternopleural, all three weak. A pair of strong lateral scutellar bristles placed midway between base and tip, and a pair of strong apical ones also. Abdomen.—Brownish yellow, blackish at base, and apparently here and there elsewhere ; shortly black pubescent ; belly more or less similar. Legs.—Pale brownish yellow; fore femora with a number of stiff black hairs below ; posterior femora nearly bare, and with a small bristle near tip; all tibiae with a preapical bristle. Legs generally shortly pubescent. 176 Records of the Indian Museum. [Mor VaLEE Wings.—Pale grey, slightly clearer here and there; veins rather indistinct except the 3rd and 4th longitudinals (which however become very weak at their tips), and the posterior cross-vein ; these three veins being very conspicuous. A sub-apical smoky band of moderate width begins just below the costa, above the tip of the 2nd vein, and nearly reaches hind border of wing. Auxiliary vein quite distinct throughout from 1st longitudinal, which ends but little beyond it, distinctly before middle of wing. The 2nd vein ends towards wing tip, the 3rd at the rounded wing tip, the 4th just below, these two latter veins parallel. Anterior cross-vein slightly infuscated, a little before middle of wing; pos- terior cross-vein erect, a little before midway between anterior cross-vein and wing margin; anal cell large, rather clearer in middle. Described from two specimens from Sadiya, 23-xi-IT. N.B.—Apparently only four species are at present known in this genus beyond the present one, the frontalis, Mg. of Europe and three from North America. SCIOMYZINAE. Sciomyza trypetoptera, Hend. (Sapvomyza). Sapromyza histrio, Meij. Several specimens from Sadiya, 27-x1-11, Dibrugarh, 17—19-xi-II and Kobo, 6-xii-11, cannot fail to be this species, but Hendel and Meijere refer it to Sapromyza. It appears to me a Sctomyza. Sciomyza strigata, Meij. (Lauxanta). Five 2 2 from Rotung, 1400 ft. (25-xil-I1), agree exactly with Herr Meijere’s description and wing figure of this species. Very near S. guinquevittata, Meij., of which the Indian Museum pos- sesses a specimen from Java named by that author, but the two species are obviously distinct, and I cannot help regarding stvigata as a Sciomyza. Sciomyza ocellata, mihi, sp. nov. (Pile vi ieee). @ Assam and N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 3 min. Head.—Cream yellow, with marks of a nearly uniform brown- ish colour placed as follows: an oval spot on frons, from each side of ocellar triangle nearly to base of antennae; a row of three round spots on frons between the oval spot and the eyes (the fronto-orbital bristles being set in these spots); a spot between base of antennae and eye margin, contiguous to both ; and a row of three above the mouth opening, contiguous or sub-contiguous to one another, but placed clear of both mouth border and eye margins. Antennae brownish yellow, 3rd joint more or less brown- = . LOLS: | E. BRUNETTI: Dzftera. 177 ish, arista plumose. Proboscis rather long with large labella; palpi long, cylindrical, all pale yellow. Back of head blackish in middle. Three pairs of fronto-orbital bristles, the upper (and strongest) pair nearly on vertex; a pair of ocellar, a pair of small central vertical and a strong vertical bristle situated on the abso- lute margin, behind the corner of each eye. Smaller post-vertical bristles are present. Thorax.—Brownish; maculated with numerous small light grey spots and short zigzag lines, the most conspicuous of the latter beginning on each side of the anterior margin and passing over the shoulder, below which it encloses at its end a round black spot. Bristles: 3 dorso-central, 1 humeral, 1 post-humeral, 1 pre- alar, I sternopleural; numerous acrostichal bristles. The scutel- lum with one pair of post-basal (marginal) and a pair of widely separated apical ones. Scutellum generally brown with grey marks as the thorax, but all the marks are variable, so that in some specimens the ground colour may be considered light grey, and the markings brown. Abdomen —-Dark brown. The Ist segment mainly light grey with a triangular brown mark at base, and the hind margin brown spotted. Each of the remaining segments bear a pair of large light grey spots on the front border, approximately semi- circular (emarginate on lower outer part) and bearing a distinct round black spot in each. Posterior margins of segments with bristles; surface of abdomen generally shortly pubescent. Belly dark, with grey markings. Legs.—Pale yellow; posterior femora (especially hind pair) mainly brown or brownish for basal three-fourths, the intensity of the colour variable; bristles on lower sides of all the femora, longest and fewest on fore pair, weakest on hind pair. ‘Tibiae and tarsi pale yellowish or pale brownish yellow, pubescent; hind metatarsi more or less brownish above; posterior tibiae with pre- apical bristle, middle tibiae with a few spines at tip. Wings.—Blackish, with several semicircular or sub-triangular pale whitish grey spots around margin and numerous smaller simi- larly coloured spots over the disc. The larger spots are placed thus. An oval one on the costa (with a black spot in its middle), filling the costal cell as far as the auxiliary vein. Four spots on the costa, between tip of Ist longitudinal vein and tip of 2nd; of these. the first three are subtriangular, the first one separated further from the second than the latter is from the third, and in this intervening space a small yellowish costal spot, often indistinct: the fourth spot is more rounded. ‘The remaining spots on the wing margin are more or less semicircu- lar and approximately uniform in size. The submarginal cell has two (a large and a small one), the Ist posterior cell, two, the upper one the smaller and more triangular; the 2nd posterior cell has three, the uppermost the smallest. Behind the 5th longi- tudinal vein tip there are four on the wing margin, the first im- mediately behind the 5th vein tip and practically contiguous to 178 Records of the Indian Museum. [Volar it. These spots vary from sub-triangular to semicircular. The spots on the disc are very small, though varying in size, and there is usually a row just in front of and another just behind the 2nd, 3rd and 4th longitudinal veins; those in the anal cell being the largest. Halteres dull pale yellow. Described from 10 specimens; Kobo, 400 ft., 3-xi1-11 (ype), Sadiya, 28-xi-11, Rotung, 25-xii-11. N.B.—One specimen only appears to be a male, but is in too bad a condition to set up as the type. Sciomyza septemlineata, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. vi, fig.. £3). Q N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 2} mm. Head.—Very pale yellow; frons from vertex to antennae broadly dark brown, leaving a rather wide ocular orbit each side. Two conspicuous round dark brown spots above mouth border. Proboscis pale yellow, palpi black. Antennal rst and 2nd joints black, 3rd pale yellow, slightly brownish at tip, arista black. Back of head yellowish. Bristles normal ; a row of short bristles behind each eye. Thorax.—Brownish yellow ; a broad median dark brown stripe from anterior to posterior margin, carried continuously over scutellum to its tip. Three lateral dark brown stripes each side of thorax ; one from the shoulder, passing on inner side of wings, the second from just below the shoulder to the wing base, the third across the pleurae. Abdomen.— Blackish, pubescent, bristles on hind borders of segments, belly blackish. Legs.—Uniformly pale whitish yellow ; bristles normal, as in S. strigata, Meij. Wings.—Blackish brown, with pale spots as follows: a round spot below tip of 2nd longitudinal vein, not touching margin of wing ; a squarish one near tip of Ist basal cell, extending a little above 3rd vein ; a squarish one over 3rd vein just beyond middle of wing ; a semi-oval marginal one at tip of Ist posterior cell, and three smaller ones arranged more or less in the form of a triangle, on distal half of same cell; a round one in middle of 2nd pos- terior cell; a rather large squarish one towards end of discal cell, extending above the 4th vein. Anal cell clearer. Halteres dirty grey. Described from a unique 2; Rotung, 1400 ft., 24-xii-II SAPROMYZINAE. Lonchaea montana, mihi, sp. nov. @ Assam and N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 3 mm. Head.—Frons 1 to + width of head; two frontal bristles on upper part, from the ocellar spot; a pair of long converging 19£3. | = E. BRUNETTI: Diptera. 179 vertical bristles and a pair of smaller outer diverging ones. Face with a little grey shimmer viewed from certain directions ; pro- boscis and palpi black. Antennae dull black ; from base of 2nd joint to tip of 3rd, exactly equal to half the height of the eye; 2nd joint with a single bristle above; arista very finely but not shortly plumose above and below. Back of head black. Thorax.—Blackish with an aenous green tint and microscopic pubescence. A row of four bristles near posterior margin ; 2 supra- alar, 2 notopleura', 2 sternopleural bristles. Sides of thorax dull black. Scutellum concolorous with thoracic dorsum ; two post- basal bristles towards sides ; a pair of converging apical ones. A bdomen.—Dull black, with a suspicion of a faint aenous green tinge in certain lights; a little shining towards the base at the sides ; very shortly pubescent. Belly black. Legs.— Black, a row of bristly hairs below femora, remainder of legs shortly pubescent, as are the femora also. Wings.—Pale but distinctly yellowish ; halteres black. Described from 3 @# @; Rotung, r400 ft., 25—26-xii-11, and Sadiya, 23-xi-II. This must be near Meijere’s aenea, described from East Austria but not known to Schiner. It is rather larger, and seems to have affinities with more than one of Meijere’s lately described species from Java. Lonchaea, sp. Two specimens in very indifferent condition represent a second species, noticeable by the reddish yellow antennae. Slightly but appreciably larger than L. montana. From Kobo, 400 ft., 3-xii-11, and Dibrugarh, 17—19-x1-II. Lauxania flavicornis, mihi, sp. nov. Assam. Long. 3 mm. Head.—Frons shining black, the sides parallel, distinctly but not greatly more than one-third the width of the head. A median velvet-black stripe from vertex, gradually narrowing on reaching base of antennae ; the very distinct but small vellow oceili placed on this stripe well below the vertex. Antennae orange-yellow, normally shaped, the 2nd with a few bristly hairs at tip, 3rd very elongate cylindrical, nearly twice as long as first two joints together, black, with a long white arista which is yellowish at its base and microscopically plumose. Two pairs of dorso-frontal bristles, the upper pair just below the ocelli, situated half-way between the velvet-stripe and the eye margin, the lower pair half- way between the upper pair and the base of the antennae, set rather more widely apart. A pair of long, converging vertical bristles placed midway between the velvet-stripe and the eye margin; a pair of similar ones outside of these, and a pair of very small ones immediately behind middle of vertex. Occiput black, a little behind vertical 180 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.. VIIT, corners of eves. Underside of head shining black, very smooth, slightly swollen ; proboscis and palpi concealed, black. Thorax.—Wholly shining black (bristles mostly damaged) ; three or four dorso-central, one or two supra-alar and the usual basal and apical pair on the scutellum are visible Scutellum and metanotum shining black. Abdomen.—Shining black, minutely pubescent. Legs.—Fore femora brownish vellow, becoming blackish on apical third or half, middle femora black, broadiy brownish yellow at base and tip, hind femora black up to the middle or a little beyond, remainder brownish vellow. Fore tibiae black on basal half, the remainder whitish ; fore tarsi black. Posterior tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow, hind metatarsus a little brownish above. Posterior tibiae with one preapical bristle. Wings.—Pale yellowish, veins yellow, halteres whitish with black knobs. Described from a single specimen from Sadiya, 25-X1-IT. Drepanephora multimaculata, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. vi, figs. 14-15). 2? o@ N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 3 mm. Head and appendages entirely very pale yellow except for a little brown at the base below the head, for the black occiput, which is perpendicular, and for the upper side of the antennae which is narrowly dark brown, with thickly pubescent arista, the latter black. The vertex is in the form of a truncated cone.' Three pairs of fronto-orbital bristles, the uppermost pair practically on the vertex; a pair of vertical bristles, close together, immediately behind the ocelli, which latter are brown, closely approximated, each bearing a bristle. A row of rather short bristly hairs along the cheeks. The 2nd joint of the antennae has the normal single long bristle above, and two or three of different lengths below. Proboscis well developed, perpendicular; palpi long, cylindrical, with a few stiff hairs. Thovax.—-Pale brownish yellow, with numerous moderately stiff hairs. On each side of the dorsum are four very conspicuous elongate black spots, the anterior one over the shoulder, the fourth ending in the wing-base, the other two intermediate and equidis: tant. On the pleurae each side, in a line with the coxae, are four similar black elongate spots or short stripes, the two posterior ones bifid at the upper end. Abdomen.—Pale brownish yellow with a broad blackish brown median stripe occupying one-third the width of the segments, termi- nating at the end of the 4th segment. Soft hairs cover the surface of the abdomen, and a row of long stiff hairs on the posterior margin of each segment. Belly pale yellowish, nearly bare. 1 As illustrated by Hendel, Gen. Ins. Fasc. 68, pl. I, fig. 1. 1913. ] E. BRUNETTI: Diptera. 181 Legs.—Pale yellow; fore femora with two dark brown bands (which give the impression that in some individuals they may be incomplete), placed, one at the base, the other at the middle. Posterior femora with a subapical band, not always complete below ; all the tibiae with two narrower bands dividing the limb equidis- tantly ; tarsi all pale yellowish. All the femora with long soft hairs on underside; tibiae with shorter soft hairs, and hind tibiae with three preapical bristles. Wings clear, with narrow brown streaks from the costa to the hind margin. The first two very narrow, the 3rd slightly widening towards the hind margin; the 4th is bifid on the costa, single at the 2nd longitudinal vein, and extending only to the 5th vein. The 5th streak has three endings on the costa, the distal two uniting at the 2nd longitudinal vein, the proximal one uniting also at the 3rd vein; the band being almost interrupted in the discal cell, and reaching the hind margin of the wing broadly, half way between the tip of the 5th vein and the anal angle. The remaining wing marks may be best described as a streak (longitudinal to the axis of the wing) between the 2nd and 3rd veins at the end of the wing, and a streak each on the last fourth of both the 3rd and 4th longitudinal veins, these three streaks being united proximally by a narrow oblique band which continues over the posterior cross-vein to the wing margin, where it broadens and runs along the margin of the 2nd posterior cell. The hind border of the wing is also brown except narrowly between the hinder terminations of the 3rd and 5th bands (the 4th does not reach the wing margin). The tip of the 2nd vein is darkened but not suffused ; the costa is brown on the parts where the bands beg n, otherwise clear. Halteres pale yellow. Described from one specimen (? &) from Rotung, 1400 ft., 27-xii-I1, under leaf stem of plantain. Camptoprosopella notatifrons, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. vi, figs. 16-17). oro NUE. Assam. Long. 35 mm. Head.—Wholly orange yellow or brownish yellow, except for a more or less quadrate lemon-yellow space touching the vertex. Frons distinctly more than one-third the width of the head, with a large jet-black circular spot from the vertex reaching more than half way to the base of the antennae, anda similar round spot each side of the face a little below the antennae. Antennae concolorous, 3rd joint elongate, the thickly pubescent black, basally situated arista very conspicuous, as long as the 3rd joint Pruboscis brownish yellow, palpi very smal, cylindrical, b'ack, with a bristly hair or two. A row of three fronto-orbital bristles, each set ina small brown spot on the frons, but the upper pair practicaly on the vertex; post vertical bristles close behind these latter, divergent. 182 Records of the Indian Museum. EV Or. Valgak: Thorax.—Brownish yellow, with four well-separated very thin black lines which fade away at or just behind the middle ot the dorsum; pleurae a little lighter. Bristles (mostly damaged) comprise at least one post-humeral, one mesopleural (notopleural ?) , one supra-alar and one or two dorso-central; there being a row of four near the posterior margin of the dorsum. Scutellum and metanotum brownish yellow, former rather elongate, with bristles beyond the base each side, and an apical pair. Abdomen.—Brownish yellow, 1st segment paler; segments to- wards sides, especially on apical half of abdomen, more or less brown or blackish brown; sometimes a small round black spot each side on dorsum of penultimate segment. Belly brownish yellow. The colour of the whole abdomen varies in shade in individual specimens. The @ (?) has a long thick conical bisected process curled under its belly. Legs.—All brownish yellow, minutely pubescent, tarsi darker. Wings.—Distinctly brownish yellow, unmarked; venation in conformity with Hendel’s figure (Gen. Ins. Fasc. 68, pl. I, fig. rr); haltereres pale yellowish. Described from four specimens, Sadiya, 23—28-xi-II. Stenopterina flavofemorata, mihi, sp. nov. @ N.E. Assam‘ Long. 7 mm. Head.—F rons less than one-third of the head. blackish; face blackish, dull brownish yellow about the cheeks and immediately below the antennae; of the latter, the two basal joints are dull brownish yellow, the 3rd blackish grey with microscopic grey dust, the arista yellowish and minutely pubescent at base, the remainder being black and bare. Back of head black, slightly shining, a little grey-dusted around the eyes, both narrowly on the frons and on their hinder margin. Proboscis rather bulky, brownish yellow, blackish in parts. A pair of median converging, and a pair of outer diverging vertical bristles; (frontal bristles broken off). Thorax. —Dorsum dull aenous green, with a pair of obvious but not very distinct, approximated, moderately narrow grey stripes from anterior margin to near posterior border; shoulders bluish violet tinged. Sides dull aenous green, the hinder part of the sternopleura blackish with miscroscopic grey dust; scutellum and metanotum dull aenous green, former with the two normal pairs of bristles. Abdomen.—Ground colour black, with, when viewed from certain directions, a dark violet tinge; covered with miscroscopic vellowish grey hairs, Legs.—Coxae blackish grey, a little grey-dusted, brownish yellow at tips; femora wholly brownish yellow except for a small (possibly variable) blackish streak on underside of hinder pair; tibiae and tarsi all black, underside of hind tarsi with minute golden yellow pubescence. 1913.] E. BRUNETTI: Diptera. 183 Wings pale grey. Costa as far as auxiliary vein quite clear, thence narrowly blackish up to just beyond the tip of the 4th longitudinal vein. A median blackish longitudinal streak fills the Ist basal cell, and extends in attenuated form to the upper end of the posterior cross-vein; 2nd basal, anal and discal cells, and remainder of wing wholly clear. Halteres dirty yellow. Described from a single @ from Sadiya, 25-xi-I1. Stenopterina aenea, Wied. One specimen from Dibrugarh, I7—1IQ-xi-I1, is either this species or egues, Sch., and I am not convinced that these two forms are really distinct. Yet when describing eqgues (from six specimens) Schiner had also before him three examples that he referred to aenea. The characters he draws do not seem at all consistent. There is much variation in a small series in the Indian Museum which I had previously referred to aenea, and a close approximation to two specimens sent by Herr Meijere from Java as eques. The amount of reddish colour in the face, about the mouth, on the antennae and occasionally the frons also, and also its extent at the femora tips, the length of the median longi- tudinal black streak on the wing, the violet or bluish shoulder tips and other characters all seem liable to variation indepen- dently of one another. Nerius obscurus, mihi, sp. nov. @ N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 63 mm. (excl. ovipositor). Head.—Chocolate brown on frons and upper side of neck ; sides of head dark brown, very shining. Underside of head, pro- boscis and palpi yellowish. Antennae with rst and 2nd joints subequal, 3rd a little longer, tip rounded, arista white, yellow at base (a character common to several species); the antennae brownish yellow, more or less marked with black, especially on upper side of all three segments. Thorax.—Yellowish brown ; dorsum, sternopleurae and meta- notum chocolate brown. Abdomen.—Dark chocolate brown ; ovipositor two-thirds the length of the abdomen. Legs.—Coxae brown, femora brownish yellow, with narrowly black tips and a narrow yellow ring, incomplete below, just before the black tips. All femora with a row of minute bristly hairs below, from base to tip, weakest on hind legs; middle femora without any very short stiff bristly hairs on upper side towards base. Anterior tibiae dark brown, hind pair lighter; all tarsi black. Wings.—Yellowish ; 3rd longitudinal vein nearly straight, 4th approximating normally to 3rd at the tip. Tip of 2nd vein, of the 3rd and 4th veins jointly, and both cross-veins very faintly 184 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL Vie but perceptibly darkened. Halteres whitish yellow, a little brownish at tips. Described from one 2: Rotung, 1400 ft., 26-xi1-IT. N.B.—From the narrow yellow ring on the femora this species must be near annulipes, Dol., but that species has both the fore femora slightly but distinctly thickened and the fore tibiae conspicuously dilated. The synonymy of tzbzalis, Dol., with annu- lipes is not mine but from Doleschall’s figure of é7bzalis it evidently stands out by the peculiar construction of its forelegs from all other eastern species of the genus, yet he does not mention this character in his description of annulipes ; in which he says all the femora have a reddish ring. CELYPHINAE. Celyphus scutatus, Wied. Five specimens from Sadiya, 23-xi-I1, and Rotung, 1400 ft., 25-xii-Ir. In the Indian Museum in plenty from Calcutta, Tenas- serim, Upper Burma and the Nilgiris. Celyphus ? lucidus, Karsch. Five specimens appear to be this species. The species is represented in the Indian Museum by a considerable number from various localities, but I cannot identify it with any of the older descriptions. As Karsch notifies /ucidus from Ceylon, differ- entiating several new species in a table but giving no further des- cription of it. I here append some notes from the specimens before me. Brownish yellow ; antennae similar, 2nd joint with a circlet of short bristly hairs near base, arista thickened for three-fourths of its length, and of a dirty blackish grey colour Thorax, viewed from certain directions, with a light but obvious aenous blue-green tinge. Scutellum granulated at sides but hinder part nearly or quite smooth ; a faint but distinct middle, pale, very narrow line. Colour of abdomen varying from brownish yellow to blackish Legs brownish yellow, fore femora with a few bristles below. Wings and veins yellowish. The Abor specimens were taken as follows: Rotung, 25-xli-II ; Sadiya, 27-xi-r1 ; Kobo, 3-xii-11 ; and Dibrugarh, 17—19-xi-II. DIOPSINAE. Diopsis indica, Westw. Rotung, 1400 ft., 25-xii-11; Dibrugarh, 17—19-xi-II. Six specimens. The Indian Museum has a series taken by Mr. Kemp on the Assam-Bhutan Frontier in December, 1g10; also others from Bhim Tal, Naini Tal, Tenasserim and Rangoon. 1913. | E. BRUNETTI: Diptera. 185 TRYPETINAE. Ptilona dunlopi, Wulp. Dibrugarh, I17—19g-xi1-II; one 7, two @ 2. In these speci- mens the wing marks agree exactly with Van der Wulp’s plate ; his type coming from Padang. Rioxa, sp. nov. One o& , Dibrugarh, 17—I9Q-xI-II. This is identical with a new species to be described by Prof. Bezzi in his forthcoming paper on Indian Tryfetinae. Acidia fossata, F. One & , Kobo, 400 ft., 7-xi-11. Described from Tranquebar. In the Indian Museum from Travancore, Tenasserim, Assam and Sukna. This species has been referred to the genus (sub-genus) Anomoea, Walk. Spheniscomyia sexmaculata, Macq. Sadiya, 23-xi-II, one specimen. Described from Sumatra. In the Indian Museum from Naini Tal, Calcutta and Sarawak, and I have taken it myself at Batavia. Themara maculipennis, Westw. One o, Kobo, 400 ft., I-xii-11. Evidently a somewhat widely distributed species, as it occurs in Singapore, Java, Borneo, Amboina and other places. SEPSINAE. Sepsis indica, Wied. One o&, Dibrugarah, 17—19-xi-11. A widely distributed common Oriental species. Sepsis viduata, Thoms. Three @ @, Dibrugarh, I7—1IQ-xi-II. Extensively distri- buted in the East. Sepsis bicolor, Wied. Kalek, 3800 ft., 29-xii-Ir, by sweeping. A very widely dis- tributed species in the East, extending to China. Sepsis coprophila, Meij. Kalek, 3800 ft., 27-xii-11, by sweeping. A widely distributed species at least in India; described originally from Java. 186 Records of the Indian Museum. [Wor Wald MICROPEZINAE. Calobata trifascipennis, mihi, sp. nov. (GE vient eee)» a7 @ Assam. Long. 10 mm. (excl. ovipositor). Head.—Frons shining black, with a brilliant dark blue tinge on lower part; a velvet black spot on the frons, elongate-triangular in shape, its apex at the vertex, and with a small triangular prolongation at its lower extremity; the minute ocelli set just before the apex of the spot. Face dull blackish, a little brownish yellow on lower margin of eyes, around the mouth border and immediately below the antennae. Proboscis and palpi blackish, antennal Ist and 2nd joints blackish, 3rd dull brownish yellow, with microscopic greyish pubescence; arista black, minutely pubescent at base, where it is yellowish. Back of head shining brownish black, the normal pair of vertical bristles and a pair of post-vertical ones. (In the type there is a supplementary very short bristle in front of one of the vertical ones). Thorax, scutellum and metanotum dull blackish. (Bristles mostly broken off). One pair of dorso-central, near hind margin, one or two supra-alar and an apical pair of scutellar bristles. Abdomen blackish, a little blue tinged, hardly shining, an indistinct greyish band on hind margins of 2nd and 3rd segments; belly obscure, genitalia large. Legs.—Coxae black, fore legs dark brown, tips of metatarsus and remainder of tarsus whitish yellow. Posterior femora and tibiae brownish yellow; middle tibiae sometimes darker; posterior tarsi mainly black for a greater or less distance from the tips. Posterior femora with three indistinct or incomplete blackish bands, the first basal, the second just beyond the middle, the third subapical, all these bands subject to variation in extent and . intensity, sometimes reduced to a mere trace. The hind femora have in addition a narrow bright yellow ring at the extreme base. Wings nearly clear; Ist posterior cell closed immediately before the border. An ill-defined but distinct, brownish transverse band across the middle from the costa to just below the discal cell, its proximal edge passing distad of the anterior cross-vein. The wing tip still more indistinctly but obviously clouded brownish ; an irregular, indistinct brownish spot over the Ist basal cell and basal half of the discal cell. Halteres very small, obscurely brown. Described from 3 examples ; Dibrugarh, 17—1I19-x1-II. N.B.—Judging from the description this form appears to be new, although in such a critical genus as Calobata the species require very careful comparison, and the Oriental ones are badly in want of complete revision. 1913. | 3 E. BRUNETTI: Diptera. 187 PSILINAE. Psila kempi, mihi, sp. nov. (Pl. vai, faes-25)- o 9 N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 54 mm. Head.—Bright yellow, a little brownish from vertex to antennae; the vertex, which is deeply cut away behind, mainly occupied by a large velvet black spot with a semicircular outline on its lower part. A very large semicircular velvet black spot on each side of the frons, widely separated from the vertical spot, but absolutely contiguous throughout its whole width with the eye margin, and contiguous to the base of the antennae, the interval between the two spots being equal to one-fifth the width of the frons at that spot. Ocellar spot brought well forward on the frons, contiguous to the lowermost edge of the vertical black spot; it is blackish, the ocelli pale yellow. ‘The frons proper bears two pairs of dorso-central strong curved bristles, the lower pair situated at the middle of the inner margin of each large frontal spot, the upper pair placed in a line with the lower edge of the vertical spot, but separated from both it and the eye margin. A third pair of bristles is vertical, between the upper corners of the vertical spot and the eye margin. Behind these, and distinctly behind the vertical margin, is another pair. Antennae yellow, 3rd joint elongate-oval, with rounded tip, the upper and outer edge blackish; the arista black, long plumose on upper side, bare on underside except for a few short hairs towards the tip. The face bears a black median stripe Proboscis light yellow, with large labella, each bearing a black spot; palpi long cylindrical, pale yellow, with a few light hairs. Thovax.—Light ferruginous, a brownish median stripe of moderate width from anterior margin, diminishing in intensity posteriorly. Sides of thorax concolorous, asmall darker longitudinal streak below shoulders. A pair of dorso-central bristles just in front of the scutellum; two supra-alar bristles; one notopleural. Scutellum and metanotum brownish yellow, dorsum of former wholly blackish; a strong basa! bristle each side and a pair of strong apical bristles Abdomen.—Dull black, basal half of Ist segment and genitalia yellow. There is a transverse yellowish band across the middle of the abdomen which fades after death. Legs.—Femora yellow, posterior temora narrowly black at tips; tibiae black; tarsi black, fore metatarsi pale yellow; all meta- tarsi equal in length to rest of tarsus. Wings.—Very pale yellowish; apical margin fr m in front of 3rd longitudinal vein to about tip of 5th vein very narrowly brown suffused ; a narrow brown band of irregular width from tip of 2nd vein, traversing the posterior cross-vein, ending on 5th vein. 188 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VILE. A brown streak, widest in the middle, on posterior side of 5th vein, not quite extending as far as opposite the anterior and posterior cross-veins. This streak varies in extent, as in one specimen it reaches the hind margin and is more diffused in nature. Described from 3 specimens, Kobo, 400 ft., 2-xii-11, by sweep- ing in thick jungle. OSCININAE. Chlorops maculipleura, mihi, sp. nov. N.E. Frontier of India. Long. barely 14 mm. Head.—Bright yellow; upperside and tip of 3rd antennal joint black, arista black, pubescent; ocellar triangle black; a little blackish about mouth opening; centre of back of head black. Frons with about 5 or 6 stiff hairs as orbital bristles, a pair of small vertical bristles behind the ocellar triangle, and two vertical similar bristles behind the corner of each eye. Thorax.—-Dorsum yellowish brown, or it may be considered yellowish with three rather indistinct nearly contiguous brown stripes, of which the median is the widest. A very distinct oval black spot of moderate size on the sternopleura. Sides of thorax, scutellum and metanotum yellow. Thoracic bristles mostly broken off, but there is at least a pair of strong dorso-central bristles near the posterior margin and several less strong ones, laterally from the shoulder to the wing base. Scutellum with a pair of bristles towards the sides, midway between base and apex, and an apical strong pair. Abdomen. —Brownish yellow, a brown indistinct spot towards the sides of 2nd and 3rd segments ; belly yellow. Legs yellow. Wéngs clear, venation normal ; halteres yellow. Described from one specimen from Kobo (400 ft.), 9-xt-1I. Meromyza, sp. One example in bad condition, the antennae and most of the bristles being missing, the wings are also damaged. It is bright yellow with three broad black shining thoracic stripes nearly contiguous; a black spot on the mesopleura, a larger one on the sternopleura and one on the metapleura; also one on each side below the abdomen. Frons shining blackish brown; legs all yellow, Yembung, I1oo ft., 13-i-12. ? Pachylophus rufescens, Meij. (Myrmemorpha). Assam, India. Tong. 13-2 mm. Head.—Yellowish or brownish yellow, underside paler yellow, generally with a little whitish dust on face and cheeks. Ocellar triangie black, small; the configuration of a large triangular frontal 1913.] E. BrRuNET?TI: Diptera. 189 spot more or less visible by a darker outline ; in occasional speci- mens a large shining brownish triangle distinctly visible. Anten- nae yellow, 3rd joint elongate, with a thickened black densely pubescent arista twice as long as the joint, turned inwards slightly but obviously. Back of head yellowish, often with an irregularly shaped black spot in the middle. Thorax varying from yellowish to rather dark brown, the usual three dorsal stripes present in some specimens but indis- tinctly. Usually the stripes are not visible, in some cases the spaces between thetn appear as two fine indistinct whitish lines. In other examples the whole thorax, including sides and scutellum, are dark brown, nearly blackish. The scutellum bears a few weak stiff hairs about its tip. Abdomen varying from brownish yellow to dark mahogany brown ; sometimes a little pale yellowish about the base, generally with posterior margins of segments very narrowly pale. Belly usually similar to upperside. Legs wholly bright brownish yellow ; fore pair often a little paler, front and hind tibiae often obscurely blackish, and some of the tarsi often more or less darkened. Hind femora distinctly but not greatly enlarged. Wings clear ; 3rd longitudinal vein not parallel with 2nd or 4th ; anterior cross-vein just beyond tip of Ist vein (in some speci- mens barely so) ; posterior cross-vein distant from anterior cross- vein by a little more than its own length, its position not being quite stable. Halteres very pale yellowish. | Described from 3 specimens from Dibrugarh, 17—I9g-xi-II ; also from a considerable series in the Indian Museum. Calcutta, 13-ili-o7 [Annandale]; 17-v-07; 17-vil-07; Q-vili-o7; Allahabad, 15-viii-og [Lord]; Manbhum Dist., Bengal, 13-x-og [Jenkins]; Monghyr, Bengal, 23-ix-og [Jenkins]; Kulti, Bengal, 10-viii-og [Lord]; Rajmahal, Bengal, 14-ii-t0o [Chaudhuri|; Mangaldai, Assam-Bhutan Frontier, 30—31I-xii-1o [Kemp]; Jahada, Nepal, 14-ii-08. Some uncertainty attaches to this species. The generic characters agree perfectly with Becker’s plate of Pachylophus, and figure of the antennae (Ann. Mus. Hung. viii, pl. xiii, 5-6), except that the hind femora in the present species is not spinose below. Loew says in his generic description that the frons pro- trudes forwards considerably in front of the eyes, and figures this character very definitely, but it is not obvious in Becker’s figure, and it is certainly absent in my species. As regards the spinose underside of the hind femora, Loew did not make it a generic character, nor is it necessarily one, and it does not appear in the description of vufescens, Meij. As the present species agrees with remarkable precision with Becker’s description of rvufescens, Meij., it is reasonable to assume the iden- tity, especially as the present is a quite variable species and ap- parently widely distributed. 190 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOou. VIII, 1913.] Oscinis! obscuripes, mihi, sp. nov. Assam and N.E. Frontier of India. Long. 2—24 mm. Head.—Occiput dark grey, frons on upper part blackish, with a large triangular shining black spot teaching from vertex nearly to antennae; frons below this spot bright yellow. Head below antennae brownish yellow, rather variable in shade. Antennae yellowish, upperside broadly dark brown, arista dark: proboscis darkened. Thorax, scutellum and metanotum wholly blackish grey. A bdomen.—Blackish grey, underside paler, sometimes nearly whitish. Legs.—Yellowish, femora mainly blackish, leaving a broad yellow part at base and a narrow yellow ring at tip. Tibiae and tarsi mainly blackish, the former always pale at base for a greater or less distance; underside of tarsi paler, and hind tarsi some- times yellowish on upper side also. Wings clear; halteres whitish. Described from six specimens from Dibrugarh, 17—19-xi-I1, and one from Kobo, 9g-xi-1I. Amongst the remainder of the Acalyptrata there is an Ephy- drid, a Geomyzid, two Drosophilids and about half a dozen other species that owing to their indifferent coadition it is impossible to classify generically ; all these except one species of (2) Dyoso- phila being represented by single specimens only. PURI PA RAs Cyclopodia horsefieldi, Meij. i Two specimens taken on a flying-fox (Pteropus medtus, Temm.) ; Sadiya, 24-x1-II. ! There is no justification for altering this generic name to Oscinelia, Beck. as Oscinss has stood unchallenged since 1804. S ~ <3 peat Pa ae RAY Me iw & ‘iis } - rs 2 ty see a . oS Sh ay a Agi we « | | . 7 ) a } + 4 * - + ie 4 it } j wo iit YeimTh) Fic. 1.—Geranomyia notatipennis, EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. 2.—Epiphragma kempi, 3.—Dicranophragma gracilis, 4.—Psychoda notatipennis, 5.--Bacha flavopunctata, 6 — td. 7.—Sphegina tristriata , 8.—Mixogaster vespiformis, 9.—- id. 10.— id, 11.—Trigonometopus trilineata, 12.—Sciomyza ocellata, 13 Se 7-lineata , 14.—Drepanephora multimacuiaia , I5.— wd. 16.—Camptoprosopella notatifrons , 17.— ad. 18.—Psila kempz, 19.—Calobata trifasctpennis, ”) 9? Brun., sp. nov. wing. A | ) +) abdomen. wing. head. abdomen. head. wing. +3 thorax. head. antenna. wing. 39 Hee er Mus., Vol. VIII RivleCADor lap) DE Bagchi, de] et) 17th. bed 7. Ss old : 7 u - i. — SEL a Oreo Pl eR Ae TV LAMEELICORNIA. By G. J. Arrow, F.E.S. The Lamellicornia consist of only 28 species, many of them represented only by single specimens. Nearly half the species are very widespread and familiar Indian insects and the complete absence of any representative of the Rutelinae, including such ubiquitous genera as Anomala and Adovetus, is probably acci- dental. Three species are here described as new, all of them being already represented in the British Museum collection. CETONIINAE. I. Trigonophorus nepalensis, Hope. Rotung, 1400 ft., 23-xti-rtg11 (Kemp). One male specimen. 2. Macronota nigricollis, Jans. Upper Renging, 2150 ft., 4-ii-Igt2. One specimen was found under rotten wood by Mr. Kemp. 3. Glycyphana nepalensis, Kraatz. Rotung, 1400 ft., 23-xii-IgII. One specimen was found by Mr. Kemp in rotten wood. G. minima, Bates, although closely related, is not the same as G. nepalensis, Kr., but, as I have found by examination of the type in M. Oberthtir’s collection, is a form occurring in Java, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. It seems to me doubtful whether it really occurs, as supposed, in the Punjab and for this reason it was omitted from my volume in the ‘‘ Fauna of India’’ series. Another insect, Melolontha argus, Burm., recorded by Bates from the same locality, I believe to be purely Malayan and I am therefore inclined to believe that a few Malayan specimens were accidentally mingled with the Indian collection described by him. 4. Protaetia inanis, Wall. Rotung, 1400 ft., 23-xil-I9II. One specimen found with the preceding. This is of the usual copper-coloured Indian race (var. cuprea). 5. Protaetia fusca, Herbst. Rotung, 1400 ft., 2-i-rt912. A single example. 192 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.. VIII, DYNASTINAE. 6. Eupatorus hardwickei, Hope, var. cantori, Hope. Upper Rotung, 5-i-1912. A male specimen was found by the 32nd Sikh Pioneers while road-making. This is the only representative of the Dynastinae taken and the Rutelinae are entirely unrepresented. MELOLONTHINAE. 7. Hoplia sp. ‘Three minute specimens, two males and one female, taken together at Rotung probably belong to one species, but the sexes are quite dissimilar and further evidence of their specific identity is necessary. 8. Lachnosterna sikkimensis, Brenske. Rotung, 1400 ft., 31-xii-rg11; Upper Rotung, 26-i-1912; Kobo, 400 ft., 30-xi-tg11. Several examples of this species were found under stones. 9g. Lachnosterna serricollis, Hope. Rotung, 1400 ft., 3I-xii-IgII. One specimen taken by Capt. the Hon. M. de Courcy. 10. Lachnosterna sp. Above Upper Renging, 7-ii-I91Z. One specimen of a species not previously known to me, taken by Capt. the Hon. M. de Courcy. 11. Melolontha indica, Hope, (—flabellata, Sharp). Kobo, 400 ft., 7-xil-1g11. A male taken by Mr. Kemp. This species ‘‘ described ’’ in Gray’s Zool. Misc., 1831, p. 23, was omitted from the Munich Catalogue. It is one of the species with an acute mesosternum for which the genus Hopflosternus was formed. I am not able to recognize that genus, for the process is found in every stage of development and in M. guttifera, Sharp, is long in the female and absent in the male. M. indica, Hope, is probably the insect described by Burmeister as Hoplosternus nepalensis, Hope. That name was used by Blanchard but not by Hope. 12. Apogonia sp. Rotung to Kalek, 2000-3500 ft., I14—1I5-iii-I9g12. A single specimen of a species unknown to me. 13. Microserica viridicollis, sp. nov. Nigra, opaca ; capite, pronotoque viridi-enets, elytris nonnun- quam rufis, leviter opalescentibus, corpore brevi, globoso; clypeo EOFS) SS G. J. ARRow: Coleoptera, IV. 193 nittdo, grosse punctato, margine antico fortiter elevato, fere recto, fronte opaco, sicut pronoto minute punctato; scutello antice lato, apice sat acuto, lateribus fere rectis; elytris sulcatis, trregulariter haud minute punctatis, tnterstitiis convexis, pygidio grosse punc- tato ; tibiis anticis fortiter bidentatis - @ , antennis 5-foliatis; 9 , antennis 3-foliatis. Long. 5—5'5 mm. Lat. max. 3°5—4 mm. Hab. Assam: Sylhet; Rotung, 1400 ft., 6—13-iii-Ig12. Found by Mr. Kemp under bark and also on flowers. This is less brightly coloured than the majority of the little species which compose the genus Microserica. The head and pro- notum are deep green-black, the elytra black or brick-red and slightly iridescent posteriorly. The body is globose, the clypeus shining and coarsely punctured, with its anterior edge strongly reflexed and nearly straight. The forehead is opaque and, with the pronotum, finely punctured. The scutellum is broad in front and acute at the apex. The elytra are irregularly sulcate and fairly strongly punctured. The pygidium is coarsely punctured. The front tibiae are strongly bidentate. The club of the antenna consists of 5 joints in the male and 3 in the female. 14. Serica sp. Below Damda, 300 ft., 3I-i-IgI2—I-il-I1912; Rotung, 1400 ft., 3I-xli-Ig1i. Under stones. Two specimens in bad condition. 15. Serica sp. Janakmukh, 600 ft., 17-xii-Ig1I. One specimen found under bark by Mr. Kemp, in bad condition. COPRINAE. 16. Gymnopleurus assamensis, Wat. Kobo, 400 ft., 30-ili-tg12. Two specimens were found by Mr. Kemp. This species is common in Assam and Burma, where it replaces G. sinuatus, Oliv., the closely allied corresponding form of Siam, China and Japan. Korea was quoted by Mr. Waterhouse as a habitat of G. assamensis, but this was an error due to wrong label- ling of specimens. 17. Paraphytus hindu, sp. nov. Niger, nitidus, elongatus, convexus, capite inequali ; clypeo 4- dentato; pronoto crebre punctato, elytris subtiliter (octes) striatis, strtis sat remote punctatis ; corporis subtus lateribus grosse et crebre punctatis, metasterno postice modice punctato, antice laevi, sutura meso-metasternalt fere recta. 194 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.. VIII, o@ pygidio polito, impunctato, paulo bigibboso, apice emarginato, basi medio fossulato; @ pygidio fortiter punctato, apice profunde fisso. Long. 5—6 mm. Lat. max. 3—3°5 mm. Hab. Assam: Khasi Hills; Upper Rotung, 1400 ft. This has an extremely close resemblance to the Malayan species P. vitsemae, Har.. of which it has the same size, shape and sculp- ture. The two may be distinguished by examination of the pygidium. This in the (apparent) male of P. hindu is very smooth and bigibbose, the apex being deeply indented as in P. ritsemae, while the basal furrow has a large pit in the middle, so that the pygidium is partially divided into two lateral halves. In the other sex, the basal pit is hardly visible, but the apical notch is very deep, reaching to the middle of the segment, and the whole sur- face of the latter is strongly punctured. The metasternum is very distinctly punctured in its posterior median part and the suture between the meso- and metasternurn, which is angular in P. rit- semae, is almost straight, or gently curved, in P. hindu. Specimens of the two forms were found together by Mr. Kemp under bark and in rotten wood in January at 1400 ft. alt., but the male is represented by a single specimen only. Three males from the Khasi Hills (taken in July, 1894) previously existed in the British Museum and one of these is the type of the new species. 18. Catharsius molossus, L. Sadiya, N. E. Assam, 24-28-xi-Ig11; Kobo, 400 ft., 30-xt- IQIl. This large and common beetle is probably-one of the most familiar of all Oriental insects. 19. Copris magicus, Har. Rotung, 1400 ft., 3I-xil-IgII. One specimen was found by Mr. Kemp under a stone. 20. Onitis philemon, F. Sadiya, N. E. Assam, 24—28-xi-1g11. A single specimen. 21. Oniticellus vertagus, F. Sadiya, N. E. Assam, 23-xi-rg1r. A number of examples were found on cow-dung by Mr. Kemp. 22. Onthophagus tarandus, F. One specimen was found together with the preceding. It appears to be acommon species throughout India. 19i3:| “= G.J. Arrow: Coleoptera, IV. 195 23 Onthophagus triceratops, sp. nov. Niger, vel aeneoniger, ore antennisque ferruginers, nitidus, sat laevis, clypeo pronotoque minute et modice crebre punctatis, vertice fere impunctato , elytris fortiter punctato-striatis, interstittis convexts, parce et minutissime punctulatis ; pygidio distincte sat crebre punc- tato ; o@, vertice late retrorsum producto in laminam hortzontalem cujus margo postica medio paulo, utrinque longe producta est, cornu- bus duobus gracilibus intus curvatis facientibus ; clypeo paulo producto, veflexo, medio truncato ; pronoto antice retuso. haud dentato. Long. 8—85 mm. Lat. max. 4.5—5 mm. Hab. N. E. Assam: Sadiya, 23-Xi-IgII. A male specimen of this species has long existed in the British Museum and another was taken by Mr. Kemp with the two species just previously mentioned. It is exceedingly like O. luzonicus, Lansb., but the elytral strie are rather coarsely punctured and the interstices very finely, whereas in the Philippine form the scattered punctures are more evident than those in the striz, which are very fine. In the male of the Indian species the cephalic lamina is a little produced in the middle between the horns, but in the other it is straight or slightly emarginate there, and on the other hand the prothorax is slightly prominent in the middle in the Malayan, but not in the Indian form. 24. Onthophagus sp. Kobo, 400 ft., 30-ili-rg12. A single specimen of a minute unknown species of this enormous genus. APHODIINAE. 25. Aphodius elegans, All. Yembung, rioo ft., 8—g-il-Ig12. One specimen. 26. Aphodius urostigma, Har. Sadiya, N. E. Assam, 23-xi-19I1I. This is an extremely common and widely distributed insect, ranging from the Himalayas to Ceylon and also to China, Japan, the Malayan Region and as far as east and south-east Africa. 27. Aphodius chinensis, Har. Rotung, 1400 ft., 25-xii-rg1I. A singlespecimen was taken at light. The species is common at Hong-Kong, but it is surprising to find it ranging so far westward. 196 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vot. VIII, 1913. | 28. Saprosites marchionalis, Har. Kobo, 400 ft., 30-xi-IgII. One specimen was taken by Mr. Kemp from a Polyporus fungus. Xie. (COL, OPE Ag V7 AN LIAR IBIDAE, By Dr. K. JORDAN. Only 6 specimens belonging to four species were obtained by Mr. Kemp during the Abor Expedition. In the list given below I3 more specimens are enumerated, 2 being from Lower Burma, collected by Mr. F. H. Gravely, and the other rr from the Lakhimpur district, obtained by Mr. H. Stevens. None of the species are new. We know as yet a very small percentage of the Anthribidae existing in Northern India and Burma. Judging trom the number of species described from Southern India and the Malay Peninsula we may expect the family to be represented by an abundance of species in the wooded hill-tracts of Burma and Assam, and in the foot-hills of the Himalayas from North-East Assam and Bhutan westward. 1. Acorynus carinifrons, Jord. (1895). 2 7a from Dejoo, North Lakhimpur (base of hills), Upper Assam, 29-vi and 7-vii-1g10 (H. Stevens). The species is only known to us from the Khasi Hills in Assam, where it appears to be fairly abundant. 2. Litocerus khasianus, Jord. (1903). 2 2 2 from Dejoo, 26-vi-1g10 (H. Stevens). Likewise only known to us from the Khasi Hills. 3. Litocerus paviei, Lesne (1891). 1 ¢ from Kobo, Abor Expedition, r400 ft., I-xii-IQII, in rotten wood (Kemp). 1 o from Kawkareik, Amherst district, Lower Burma, I9g— 20-xii-Ig11, under bark of fallen tree (F. H. Gravely). 4. Mecocerus allectus maculatus, Jord. (1894). 1 ¢ from Thingannyinaung to Sukli, Dawna Hills, Lower Burma, 900-2100 ft., 23—27-xi-rg1r (PF. H. Gravely). This form appears to be restricted to Burma. We have it from the Ruby Mines, Charin Cheba. 198 Records of the Indian Museum. (Vou. VIII, 1913.] 5. Phloeopemon acuticorne, F. (1801). 1 @ from Dejoo, North Lakhimpur (base of hills), 29-vi-IgIo (H. Stevens). An Indo-Malayan species, not known from South India and Ceylon. 6. Xenocerus khasianus, Jord. (1895). I ¢ and ¢ from Dejoo, 28-vi-1g10 (H. Stevens). Abundant in the Khasi Hills and Tonkin, but not known to occur further south. 7. Kenocerus rectilineatus, Jord. (1894). I o from Dejoo, 6-vii-1gio (H. Stevens). Fairly abundant in the Khasi Hills and in Burma; occurs also in Ceylon. 8. Xylinades annulipes, Jord. (1895). 1 @ from Rotung, Abor Expedition, 1400 ft., 23-xil-IQII, in rotten wood (Kemp). Known to me from the Khasi Hills, Siam and Tonkin. g. Xylinades plagiatus, Jord. (1895). 1 o from Rotung, Abor Expedition, 1400 ft., 7—8-vii-1g1I,. under bark (Kemp). I @ from Dejoo, North Lakhimpur (base of hills), 6-v-1g10 (H. Stevens). We have numerous specimens from the Khasi Hills and Burma. 10. Eucorynus crassicornis, F. (1801). I ov and 2 2 @ from Rotung, Abor Expedition, 1400 ft., 28-xii-IgII and 7—8-1i1-1911, under bark (Kemp). A very common Indo-Malayan species. If, Anthribus macrocerus, Jord. (1904). 1 2 from Dejoo, 28-vi-1g10 (H. Stevens). Only known to me from Darjiling, where the species appears . to be fairly abundant. 12. Basitropis hamata, Jord. (1903). I o from Dejoo, North Lakhimpur (base of hills), 29-vi-Ig1o (H., Stevens). Described from Calcutta, but occurs also in the Nilgiri Hills XII. COLEOPTERA, VI: UNE NOUVELLE ESPECE DE MALACODERMES DES INDES. Par MAURICE PIc. Idgia arbori, n. sp. Angustatus, nitidus, griseo pubescens et pilis nigris hirsutus, nigro-plumbeo micans, pygidio testaceo. Antennis ad basin rufo notatis, pedibus mgris. Capite elongato; antennis gracilibus ; thorace elongato, pro parte ruguloso-punctato, in medio aliquot subcaniculato ; elytris elongatis et angustatis, subparallelis , punctato- vugulosis et lineato tuberculatis. Etrott, brillant, orné dune pubescence grise et hérissé de potls notwrs vedressés, d'un notr plombé brillant, parfois a reflets fatblement verdatres ou bleudtres, avec le pygidium testacé. Palpes un peu teintés de roux et antennes foncées, ces derniéres tachées de roux en dessous des premters articles, pattes foncées. Téte allongée, creusée entre les yeux ; antennes gréles, pas trés longues, presque entierement foncées ; prothorax étroit, plus long que large, rétréct aux deux ex- trémités, orné d’ une ponctuation en partie ruguleuse, avec d’ordinarre une trace de sillon médtan non complet ; élytres bien plus larges que le prothorax, longs et étroits, plus étroits encore chez w que chez¢ , subparalléles, arrondis séparément a Tl’ extrémité, ornés d’une ponctua- tion ruguleuse et ayant des rangées de petits tubercules ou de granules brillantes plus ou moins marqués. Dessous du corps foncé comme le dessus, a l’ exception de l’ extrémité abdominale qui est testacée ; pattes gréles, foncées, hanches parfois un peu voussatres. Long. 8-9 mill. Yembung, 1100 pieds et Rotung, 1400 pieds. Les types et co-types de cette espéce, au nombre de cinq, font partie des collections de Il’ Indian Museum de Calcutta et de la collection Pic. Peut se placer prés de J. fovetfrons, Fairm ; bien distinct par sa coloration, le prothorax plus étroit et foncé au lieu d’étre testace. Sin, bY SAN, O PLE RA: By RICHARD S. BAGNALL, F.L.S., Hope Department of Zoology, University Museum, Oxford. No doubt specialized collecting in more propitious season and circumstances would have produced numerous species of Thy- sanoptera. Only one species was collected, however, namely : Sub-order TUBULIFERA. Fam. ECACANTHOTHRIPIDAE, Bagnall. Genus Ecacanthothrips, Bagnall. E. sanguineus, Bagnall. Acanthothrips sanguineus, Bagnall, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Set-16, 1, ps 301, 1908 (Apl.): Ecacanthothrips sanguineus, Bagnall, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgi- que, lii, p. 349, 1908 (Dec.).—Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Nd. and Durham, n. s. iii, p. 535, 1909. Ormothrips sanguineus, Buffa, Redia, v, fasc. 2, p. 166, 1g09 (March). Originally described from a single dried specimen collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace in New Guinea, it has since been recorded by Buffa from Sumatra, and the islands Mantawi (Mentawei) and Engano, and Dr. Karl Jordan has sent me it in large numbers from the Island of Nias. More recently Mr. E. Green has met with it in Ceylon. It is a bizarre form, chiefly characterized by the congregation of finger-like sense-cones on the enlarged third antennal jcint. I o# and I 2 taken under bark by Mr. Stanley Kemp below Dosing (1400 ft.), January 29, 1912 (233%). Its occurrence in Northern India is interesting. ay, ieat ie he ) ; y 4 - 7 : inet aaah . di a ny : revi iv, hs a Avetpeas sh, ea Fi (eae a 8 co BDAY Sesh AERA LN Sie oA tant i igh 4 ty : ot it, A ROaT ole i vy BIC i uy eee ae eee oh Nae URNS 5 Ie wr ar iN Se wea a if 4 ¥ « a ‘ ' Liortt } arte a) “ a : j - fh : yay 5 A - ‘ ' ‘ , ‘ p ' / Pe: ad A F) ed | iL ‘ i . : ds . : i hy ‘ ; be DS - dg \ ; ‘ey ry oa i tat ee: : ; ny, , “ 4, ; | P be Oh Ot 4 _ De ‘ : cae . A : é , ‘ . 7 i ; / . Oy , ' Y bss j . J : ~- ' Ae , t s i, ‘ vias yy ~ s § ] ’ > - P ) y, ay 7 ih § t } - = 7 f ies y ' hi ’ 7 wy 7 it : 7 1 "4 , if t Ve oA he CEN a Sh - OPILIONES: By Dr. C. Fr. ROEWER, Bremen. The collection of Opiliones, collected by Mr. Kemp in rg1rr- Ig12 in the Abor country (N.E. Assam), contains 122 specimens representing fifteen species and eight genera. This collection consists of :— A. Subord. PALPATORES. I. Fam. PHALANGIDAE. (a) Subfam. GAGRELLINAE. 1. Gagrella feae (form. typ.) Thorell. 17 specimens: Sadiya (N.E. Assam), 25-xi-IgII, under logs. 8 Pe : Kobo (400 ft.), 30-xi-1g11, under logs. 10 mt : Kobo (400 ft.), 30-xi-rgI1I, from rotten wood and under bark. 2. Gagrella feae-humeralis, Thorell. 7 specimens: Janakmukh (600 ft.), 18-xi-rg1tz, under decom- posing plantain leaf-stem. 13 K. : Sadiya (N.E. Assam), 25-xi-Ig1r, under logs. 3. Gagrella lepida, Thorell. 2 specimens: Egar stream, between Rotung and Renging, Q-1-19I2. pe - : Rotung (1300 ft.), I-1-1912. if ' : Upper Rotung (ca. 2000 ft.), II-i-1912. 4. Melanopa varians (With) Roewer. 3 specimens: Dibrugarh (N. E. Assam). 5. Melanopa atrata (Stoliczka) Roewer. 4 specimens: Kobo (400 ft.) 30-xii-Ig11, from rotten wood. 8 as >: ,, (400 ft.), 30-xi—8-xii-Ig11I, under bark. I : Rotung (1300 ft.), 26-xil-IQITI. I Hi : Upper Rotung (ca. 2000 ft.), 9-1-1912. 204 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. VIIT; 6. Zaleptus sulphureus, Thorell. 2 specimens: Yembung (1100 ft.), in small stream on E. side of p g Dihang. I ¥s Rotung (1300 ft.), 20-xii-IgIt. ; 4 ” : Upper Rotung (ca. 2000 ft.), 5—6-i-1912, found when road-making and under leaf-stem of plan- tain. B. Subord: LANTAT ORES, I. Fam. ASSAMIIDAE. (a) Subfam. ASSAMIINAE, Roewer. 7. Assamia sexdentata, Thorell. iS) specimens: Rotung (1300 ft.), 30-xii-rgI1, under bark. : Kobo (400 ft.), 30-xi—8-xii-19ITI. 33 8. Assamia aborensis, sp. nov. 2 specimens: Upper Rotung (ca. 2000 ft.), 31-xii-IgIt. I : Sirpo, near Renging (1000 ft.), iii-rg12. 32) Measurements in mm.: Length of body 5; of Ist leg 7; 2nd T5a Sid Os. Ath Tas Dorsal scutum nearly rectangular; laterally, beyond the Ist transverse groove, very little rounded, with five distinct transverse grooves ; its surface and also that of the free dorsal segments of the abdomen not roughened, but deeply shagreened ; on each of the 1st—3rd areas of the abdominal scutum there are two and two submedian distinct tubercles, which are nearly thorn-like on the 3rd area; 4th and 5th area entirely unarmed. Under the anterior margin of the cephalothorax there are projected five horizontal teeth (one of them in the middle, the four others in pairs on either lateral corner) ; the upper anterior margin of the cephalothorax is, moreover, finely granulated all over and presents one erected tooth in the middle. Ocular tubercle twice as far from the Ist transverse groove of the scutum as from the anterior margin of the cephalothorax, transversely oval, low, only over either eye scattered with a few blunt granules. Free ventral segments of the abdomen deeply shagreened, also the 1st-4th coxae, the first of which however has one frontal and one median longitudinal row of blunt tubercles, and the second coxa has only a median one. Spiracula hidden under several bridge-teeth, which overarch the groove between the 4th coxa and the rst free ventral seg- ment. Mandibles small; the 1st segment with a well-separated, entirely smooth apical hump. Palps slender, crossed over one an- other ; trochanter with two ventral tubercles ; femur forming an S, compressed laterally, scattered dorsally with 4-5 small tubercles, armed ventrally with a complete series of pointed teeth ; there is an inner apical tooth in addition; patella flattened ventrally with 1913.] C. Fr. ROEWER: Arachnida, II, 205 both pf its edges armed with a series of small pointed teeth ; tibia and tarsus flattened ventrally with both edges armed with a longitudinal series of small pointed teeth ; besides these teeth there are on the inner edge of the tibia one stout apical spine, on the outer edge of the tibia and on the outer and inner edge of the tarsus two and two prominent spines. Legs slender and long; trochanters unarmed and femora only scattered with very small granules. Number of the tarsal segments: 6; 11; 7; 8. There are two segments in the apical part of the Ist tarsus and three seg- ments in that of the 2nd tarsus. Dorsal surface of the body dark brownish; cephalothorax with one ferruginous median line and on either side of this line much sprinkled with the same colour. Also the transverse grooves of the abdominal scutum as well as the point of the two thorns of the 3rd area ferruginous. The lateral edges of the abdominal scutum present a large whitish band. Ventral surface of the body ferruginous, closely sprinkled with black, as well as the mandtbles and palps. Legs ferruginous; trochanters, femora and tibiae with small and distinct black apical rings; only the patellae entirely black. g. Pygoplus trifasciatus, Thorell. 8 specimens: Kobo (400 ft.), 30-xi-1g1I, from rotten wood and under bark. I wn : Rotung (1300 ft.), 2I-xil-IgI1I, under stones. 10. Macrobunus singularis, Roewer. specimens (2, 32): Kobo (400 ft.), 30-xi-Ig11, from rotten wood and under bark. On 11. Macrobunus longipes, sp. nov. I specimen: Upper Rotung (ca. 2000 ft.), 6-i-1912, under leaf-stem of plaintain. Measurements in mm.: body 5°5; Ist leg 18; 2nd 35; 3rd 24; 4th 34. Differing from Macrobunus singularis, Rwr., only in the fol- lowing particulars: Measurements of legs comparatively much longer and more slender than those of the allied species; number of segments of the Parstia 7 L2':>hO.- 20. Colour of the cephalothorax and of the eye-tubercle uni- colourous pale yellowish, also the median region around the two cones of the abdominal scutum, which is on the lateral and posterior margins almost black, thus surrounding on either lateral margin of the abdominal scutum one very white trilobate spot. This spot is much larger than that in Macrobunus singularis, Rwr. Free dorsal segments of the abdomen black, but edged by a narrow ' white transverse line on every posterior margin as well as on that 206 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoEs Vins of the scutum. Mandibles and palps unicolourous pale yellowish. Legs pale yellowish; trochanters, femora and tibiae with small, but very distinct black apical rings; only the patellae entirely black. 12. Macrobunus aborensis, sp. nov. 7 specimens (207,52): Renging, 19-xii-IgII, under bark. I i (7): Upper Rotung (ca. 2000 ft.), 6-i-19g12, under leaf-stem of plantain. 45 (2): Yembung (1100 ft.), 13—17-1-1912. Habitus, armature and measurements entirely the same as in Macrobunus singularis, Rwr., differing from this species only in the absence of the two trilobate white spots on the lateral margins of the abdominal scutum. There is a very distinct and very narrow pale ferruginous line on each lateral margin of the scutum and on the posterior margin of it and of every free dorsal segment of the abdomen. II. Fam. PHALANGODIDAE. (a) Subfam, EKPEDANINAE. Metathyreotus, gen. nov. This new genus has precisely the same diagnosis as the genus Thyreotus, Thorell (cf. Roewer 1912 in: Arch. f. Naturg., A. 3, p. 226), except that the femur of the palp has no inner apical spine and is unarmed there, while Thyreotus, Thorell, shows there two long spines. 13. Metathyreotus aborensis, sp. nov. 2 specimens: Rotung (1300 ft.), 30-xii-Ig11, under stones. Measurements in mm.: body 3; palp 7; Ist leg 7; 2nd 13; ard Oy Ath VEL. Habitus and armature of the body, of the mandibles and of the legs entirely the same as in Thyreoius bimaculatus, Roewer (1912), except for the following particulars : Palp with the same habitus as Thyreotus bimaculatus, Rwr., but differing in the armature. Coxa dorsally entirely smooth; trochanter dorsally with one small granule and ventrally with two ; the long cylindrical femur dorsally and at the inner apical tip entirely smooth, ventrally with four or five short tubercles (no spines!); patella on the inner tip with two and on the outer one with one long spine; tibia with three inner and four outer long spines ; tarsus with three inner and four outer long spines. Number of the tarsal segments Io; 20; 7; 7; terminal part of the Ist tarsus with 2, of the 2nd tarsus with 3 segments Colour of the body and of the limbs the same as in Thyreotus bimaculatus, Rwr.; but wanting only the two white spots on the cephalothorax of the latter. 1913. | C. Fr. ROEWER : Arachnida, EE. 207 14. Metathyreotus kempi, sp. nov. I specimen: Rotung (1300 ft.), 2I-xil-I9II, under stones. - Measurements in mm.: body 35; palp 7; Ist leg 9; 2nd 14; std to; Atm 13-. INumber of the tarsal segments; 7; 17; -7; 7. Terminal part of the Ist tarsus with 2, of the 2nd tarsus with 3 segments. Habitus, armature and colour of the body and the limbs entirely the same as in Metathyreotus aborensis, except that the femur of the palp is entirely unarmed ventrally. III. Fam. ONCOPODIDAE. 15. Pelitnus aborensis, sp. nov. I specimen: Upper Rotung (ca. 2000 ft.), 31-xii-IQII. I a Rotung (1300 ft.}, 21-xii-Ig1t1, under stones. Measurements in mm.: body 6; Istleg 7; 2nd 10; 3rd 7°5; 4th 9°5- This new species agrees almost entirely with the diagnosis of Pelitnus annulipes, Pocock (1897), but differs from it in the following particulars: The intraocular area of the cephalothorax is elevated in the form of a large blunt and rounded dome, at the base of which the eye is situated on each side. Abdominal scutum formed by 8 segments, distinctly indicated by deep transverse grooves; an equal longitudinal median groove connects the first transverse groove (between cephalothorax and abdomen) with the eighth, running through the Ist-7th segments of the abdominal scutum; the last (8th) of these segments of the scutum shows no longitudinal median groove. Femur of the palp entirely unarmed ventrally, without any tubercle. Colour of the body and of all the limbs blackish-brown throughout, except the tarsi of the legs. which are pale yellowish. Wang ae. A hg ter ae mS i nie Veo wl Dewey XV. MOLLUSCA, I: RATHOUISIIDAE. By EKENDRANATH GHOosH, L.M.S., B.Sc., Assistant Professor of Biology, Calcutta Medical College. (Plates x—xiil). Two species of this family were obtained by Mr. Kemp in the Abor foot-hills, both new to science. I have described them under the following names :— Atopos (Podangia) kempit and Prisma aborense. Atopos (Podangia) kempii, n. sp. Two slugs, obtained at Kobo (400 it.), belong to a new species which may be named Atopos (Podangia) kempi1, and briefly defined as follows :— Notum of light straw-colour, being dirty in its upper two- thirds, with an irregular network of dark blue lines (mostly passing diagonally in two directions), with dark elongated dots at the points of intersections. Surface of notum finely and uniformly granulated, with minute dark blue dots in the interspaces of the network in addition. Ommatophores and lower tentacles slaty- blue. Keel well-developed and prominent in the posterior three- fourths of the length of the body. Foot light yellow and extend- ing beyond the inflexed posterior margin of the mantle, but not to its extreme posterior end. J,ength of notum 5°5 cm., breadth °7,° height ‘9. Female genital aperture 1'0 cm. from the male genital aperture. EXTERNAL CHARACTERS. General.—The animal is elongated, limaciform. The body is flattened from side to side, having the shape of a narrow-based isosceles triangle in transverse section. The thickest part of the body lies at the junction of the anterior one-fourth and posterior three-fourths of itslength. At that position the surface of the body presents a rounded prominence on each side, just below the keel. The prominence is more marked on the right side than on the left. The surface of the mantle (notum) is finely and uniformly granulat- ed. The keel, in the middorsal line, is rounded and not very promi- nent in front of the thickest part of the body; it ends a little behind the anterior end of the mantle, which forms a hood over the head. Behind the anterior one-fourth of the length of the body, the keel forms a distinct vertical crest flattened from side to side, and extends to the posterior end of the mantle, gradually lessening in 210 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VILL, height towards the posterior end. The margin of the mantle (perinotum) is thin, sharp and inflexed, but not wrinkled. The margin of the mantle-hood is entire. The mantle at the extreme posterior end of the body is inflexed, so that the posterior end of the foot projects below and a little behind the posterior margin of the mantle, which is thus placed in front and on the ventral aspect of the posterior end of the mantle. The head is distinctly separate from the anterior end of the foot. The proboscis, which is protruded in the larger of the two specimens, is cylindrical, and ends in a blunt tip with the triradi- ate oral aperture in the centre. ‘The ommatophores are short, stout and faintly annulated ; they seem to be non-retractile. The lower tentacles are stout and short, being narrower at the base than at the tip. They are fused with the precephalic flap beneath except at the extreme anterior end for about ‘1 cm. , They are bounded externally by a deep sulcus, which extends from the base to the ventral aspect of their free anterior end. Each precephalic flap is a continuation forward of the head from the ventral aspect, and is united to that of the other side by a thin flattened band of integument above the mouth and beneath the ommatophores. The anterior and outer borders of the flap are convex, the inner one is nearly straight. The antero-external angle is acute but rounded, and the antero-internal angle is obtuse. A small triangular process of integument is placed above the foot at its antero-lateral aspect, being continuous at its outer side with the lateral surface of the foot above the sole and in front of the attachment of the mantle to the side of the foot. The inner end of the process (corresponding to the apex of the triangle) is connected to the ventral surface of the precephalic flap at the outer side of its base by a thin band of integument. Below, the process is separated from the dorsal aspect of the anterior end of the foot by an oblique groove extending downwards and outwards from the inner side. These two triangular processes form the lateral boun- dary of the crescentic aperture of the pedal gland. The foot is wide in front and tapering behind. It is widest at the junction of the anterior one-fourth and posterior three- fourths of its length, being a little constricted just in front of it. The anterior end is truncated and slightly concave. ‘The posterior end is tapering but rounded, and extends a little downwards and backwards beyond the inflexed posterior margin of the mantle, but terminates in front of the extreme posterior end of the latter. The sole is lobulated in its anterior three-fourths, but smooth in the posterior one-fourth of the length. Colouration.—The mantle is light straw-coloured, being dirty in its upper two-thirds. The surface of the mantle, in its upper two-thirds, is marked with an irregular network of dark blue lines, mostly arranged in two sets passing diagonally in opposite directions and crossing one another at obtuse angles (on the dorsal and ventral aspects). ‘The points of intersection become thickened to form elongated dark blue dots varying from ‘05 to ‘rem, in 1913.| EKENDRANATH GHOSH: Mollusca, I. 2II length. There are also minute dots of the same colour in the interspaces. The lower third of the mantle presents small elon- gated dots with a very faint trace of a network similar to that in the upper two-thirds. The striping is not symmetrical on both sides. The ommatophores and the tentacles are slaty-blue in colour. The precephalic flap is pale siaty-bluein colour. The foot is pale yellow. Measurements.—The measurements of the two specimens in em. are as follows :— a a SES Set | 6525 1. Length along the middorsal line Pelt TEE ta 53 Length along the midventral line after | | straightening the animal SPL a ils aD 3. Greatest height (ventral) .. co jie 4. Greatest breadth at the same part of | the body 7 65 5. Height of ‘the keel at fhe junction of the posterior one-fourth and anterior three-fourths of the length | "125 6. Height of the keel at the junction of the anterior one-fourth and _ posterior three-fourths ie oe ‘O 5) 7. Length of ommatophores .. ms "25 8. Breadth of * oe ee "15 g. Length of lower tentacle .. a “I5 10. Breadth of lower tentacle . aT II. Distance of the male aperture from fhe anterior end of the foot 12. Distance between the male and fem genital apertures I‘ 13. Depth of the groove round the foot (to the margin of the mantle) | i) NS) ANATOMY. I. Body-wall. The body has the shape of an isosceles triangle in transverse section in the middle of its length. The triangle has a short base and the sides slightly concave in their upper one-fourth and markedly convex in their lower three-fourths Towards the posterior end, the sides become more convex than they are in the middle, the body assuming a broadly ovate shape in transverse section. The body-wall is traversed by the following blood-sinuses, which pass longitudinally throughout the whole length of the body :— (1) A sinus lying in the middle line beneath the keel, and in the middle of the thickness of the body-wall. 212 Records of the Indtan Museum. [Vou. VIE, (2) A sinus, one on each side, lying above the groove between the foot and the mantle margin. (3) A sinus, one on each side, in the middle of the thickness of the body-wall at the junction of the upper two-thirds and lower one-third of the body. Minute structure.—The body-wall consists of a superficial epidermis and a deeper dermis (or cutis). The surface of the body shows small arch-like promt nences with more or less pointed notches between them. The epithelium consists of a single layer of columnar cells placed side by side. The free margin of the epithelial cells presents a thick refractile border. The cells are broad at the free end but taper- ing and pointed at the other. Those lining the notches are much longer and narrower than those lining the prominences. The epithelial cells lying in the immediate neighbourhood of the glandular cells become cubical in shape, or even flattened in a direction parallel to the surface. The protoplasm is coarsely granular in the outer two-thirds of the cells. The nuclei are oval or elongated, and are placed towards the inner ends of the cells. Beneath the epidermis is a mass of connective tissue cells, which form a compact layer. Between these masses are found vertical strands of connective tissue fibres which pass inwards into the deeper layer of dermis. The cells are irregular in outline with spherical or oval nuclei. The unicellular glands, lying in the outer portion of the dermis, vary much in shape and size. They can be divided into the two following groups :— (i) Small glands, roundish or pyriform in shape, placed just beneath the epidermis ; the neck and a portion of the body of the glands lie between the inner portions of the epithelial cells, which are, in some cases, flattened out to make room for the glandular cells. The necks of the glands open to the exterior between the adjacent epithelial cells, there being no distinct | ducts. The protoplasm is finely granular and stained brownish yellow (pale) with haematoxylin and Van Giesen’s stain. The nuclei are spherical and placed in the centre of the cells. The glands of this group are abundant in the side walls of the body, being very scanty in the keel and upper part of the body-wall. (ii) Large pyriform glands, the largest ones of which extend to half the thickness of the body-wall from the outer surface. The glands are of 4 or 5 sizes, all being exactly similar in struc- ture. A crescent-shaped portion of the glandular cells at the base is homogeneous and is stained deep yellow with Van Giesen’s method, while the remaining portion is granular and takes a red stain when treated with the same reagent. The dermis consists of a loose network of connective tissue fibres (mainly white) with connective tissue corpuscles dispersed between them. The connective tissue fibres form strands of various thickness, which extend inwards at right angles to the surface of the body from beneath the epidermal layer and between 1913.] EKENDRANATH GHOosH: Mollusca, I, 213 the compact layer of connective tissue cells beneath the latter. As they pass downwards, the fibrous strands give off branches from the sides, which pass on to neighbouring strands. Just beneath the glandular portion of the dermis the strands break down to form an open network of connective tissue with numerous irregular spaces between them. In the interspaces of the network are placed numerous unstriped muscle fibres. Beneath the glandular layer the fibres are arranged diagonally and longitudinally, there being more fibres in the longitudinal direction. Towards the inner side the diagonal arrangement becomes more prominent than the longitudinal one. Lastly, on the inner side the fibres take a trans- verse (circular) course with a few longitudinal ones between them In the interspaces of the connective tissue network are seen numer- ous connective tissue corpuscles, some of which are very big, with large nuclei. The blood sinus beneath the keel is elongately oval in transverse section, and consists of a thick layer of muscle fibres arranged transversely, lined by a single layer of flattened epithe- lium. The muscle fibres are separated by thin layers of connec- tive tissue and a few connective tissue corpuscles. The other two pairs of blood-sinuses are broadly oval in transverse section and have a similar structure. The inner surface of the mantle (hyponotum?), which forms the outer boundary of the groove round the foot, is lined by a single layer of cubical cells below and of flattened cells above. The nuclei are oval and are placed in a direction parallel to the surface. Beneath the epithelium is a thick layer of muscle fibres arranged longitudinally with little connective tissue between them. On the outer side, the structure corresponds to the dermal layer of the mantle wall with which it becomes continuous. Just beneath the muscular layer are seen numerous smal! pyriform unicellular glands, with long sinuous ducts opening into the circumpedal groove amongst the epidermal cells. The bodies of the glands take a deep blue stain with hematoxylin. The blue colour becomes least affected by subsequent treatment with Van Giesen’s stain. Minute structure of the foot.—The epithelium consists of a single layer of narrow elongated columnar cells with more or less fusiform nuclei. Between the epithelial cells are seen numerous ducts of unicellular glands (similar to those opening into the hyponotum) placed in the deeper layers of the wall of the foot. Beneath the epithelium is a thick compact layer of muscle fibres arranged longitudinally. Internal to this layer the muscle fibres are arranged in loose bundles which pass vertically upwards to end in the next layer. These fibres seem to be continued from the longi- tudinal muscle layers. The vertical muscle fibres give off branches from their sides, which pass to the neighbouring bundles. Amongst these vertical fibres are seen numerous narrow longitudinal bundles, which seem to be continuous with the lateral branches from the vertical ones. Above, the vertical fibres change their course and 214 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, form a network with connective tissue fibres similar to that in the mantle-wall. II. Pailhal Complex. The pallial complex is a more or less circular area under- lying the mantle, the centre corresponding to a point a little be- hind the anterior one-fourth of the body-length. It extends equally on each side to the junction of the mantle with the base of the foot. The pulmonary chamber lies on the right side of the animal and occupies about one-third the area of the pallial complex. The roof of the pulmonary chamber is fused with the under surface of the mantle, and the floor is continuous with that of the pallial com- plex. The pulmonary aperture (?) is situated at the right antero- lateral corner in the same transverse line with the anterior end of the pericardium. The pericardium lies in the right anterior quadrant of the pallial complex, forming a prominence on the surface of the body on the right side (mentioned in the description of the external characters). The pericardium is a broad oval sac having the heart obliquely placed inside it. The roof of the pericardium is fused with that of the pallium, while the floor is continuous with that of the latter also. The heart is placed obliquely in the pericardium and extends from near the centre towards the right antero-lateral corner of the pulmonary area. ‘The ventricle lies in front of the auricle. It is a thick-walled sac, wider than it is long. The origin of the aorta is directed anteriorly, and to the right. The pulmonary artery lies along the right border of the kidney in its posterior half. The kidney occupies the left half of the pulmonary area. It forms a flattened hatchet-shaped body, with the two corners prolonged along the margin of the pulmonary area towards the right border of the same. It is adherent to the under surface of the mantle above and to the floor of the pulmonary area below, and lies over the salivary glands and the anterior end of the liver. The organ is thick in the centre and is thinned out at the margin. There is no distinct ureter; the kidney seems to open directly into the pulmonary chamber close to the pulmonary aperture. The tissue of the kidney has a spongy appearance; it consists of long wavy tubules held together by loose connective tissue. The female genital aperture lies on the anterior aspect of the pulmonary area; the anus lies anteriorly to, and on the outer aspect of the female genital aperture. III, Digestive System. There is a large protrusible proboscis. In the larger of the two specimens obtained, the proboscis was everted to its full extent. It is a hollow, thin-walled cylindrical body, with the mouth of the animal forming a triradiate aperture in the centre of the blunt rounded tip. The base of the proboscis is attached to 1913. ] EKENDRANATH GHOSH: Mollusca, I. 215 the head just in front of the anterior end of the foot, and behind a narrow transverse band of integument unites the bases of the precephalic flaps beneath the ommatophores. The proboscis was retracted in the other specimen. On making a longitudinal section of the everted proboscis and examining the half left in connection with the pharynx, I found that the pharynx, radular sac, oesophagus and two ducts of the salivary glands were placed in the cavity of the proboscis. The pharynx was continuous with the anterior end of the proboscis, but its wall was absolutely free and separate from that of the pro- boscis. The space between the pharynx and the wall of the pro- boscis is filled with a mass of fragile substance, undoubtedly coagulated blood. From the hinder end of the radular portion of the pharynx, strands of muscle-fibres could be traced behind to a narrow flattened band of muscular tissue attached to the dorsum of the foot behind. In the other specimen, the proboscis was found to be folded twice, the distal third of the organ being placed inside the invagi- nated proximal two thirds. The distal third of the proboscis is thus not invaginated, like the proximal two-thirds, but is left as it is in the protruded proboscis. It will thus be seen that in the process of inversion of the proboscis tube, the proximal end 1s invaginated first. As the process extends from the base to the tip, the distal portion (7.e. the portion towards the tip) comprising about one- third the length is simply drawn in without any inversion. So that as the proximal portion of the proboscis becomes inverted, it gives rise to a cylindrical cavity which makes room for the distal portion of the same. It has already been noted that there is no connection in the way of muscular or fibrous strands between this distal portion of the proboscis and the pharynx inside it. It seems to be the final step in the retraction of the proboscis as, in the case of being otherwise, the tip would have been drawn too far behind into the cavity of the body to have any appreciable space for it. Minute structure of the proboscis.—The wall of the proboscis consists of the following lavers :— (i) A single layer of flattened cells lining the outer surface of the proboscis. The nuclei are elongated and rod-shaped, and are placed parallel to the surface. (ii) A layer of transversely arranged muscle fibres separated from the epithelium by a thin layer of connective tissue. (iii) A layer of longitudinally arranged muscle fibres which are grouped into bundles by transversely running fibres. The longitudinal bundles communicate with one another by smaller bundles. Interspersed through the muscle layer are unicellular glands, the contents of which take a deep blue stain with haematoxylin. Their ducts open into the outer surface of the proboscis. (iv) On the inner side the wall contains numerous intercom- municating spaces containing blood. 216 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vox Velie The pharynx (buccal bulb or buccal mass) is a stout thick- walled tube lying in the anterior portion of the proboscis. The mouth opens into the anterior portion of the pharynx. There is no mandible. The radular portion of the pharynx (radular sac) is a thick conical body placed on a lower level than the pharynx proper. The tip of the radular portion is curved forwards, and gives attach- ment to retractor muscles which can be traced to a broad muscle band behind. The radula lies in the radular portion, forming a membranous expansion which spreads on the anterior end of a prominence in the cavity of the radular portion. The membranous expansion consists of radiating fibres held together by transverse fibres placed sparingly in an arch-like fashion. The teeth are ar- ranged in V-shaped rows, the angle of the V being turned backwards. The teeth are lateral, there being no central or marginal; they are unicuspid and uniform in shape, but they increase in size from within outwards. ‘The three outermost teeth are very small in size, while the fourth one is larger in proportion than the outer three. From the fifth onwards the teeth gradually increase in length, the longest one being 0°45 mm The salivary glands form a much-lobulated mass lying in contact with the anterior end of the digestive gland on the ventral aspect and to the left. ‘The posterior surface of the lett gland pre sents a shallow concavity which fits into the convex surface of the liver. The two glands are apposed to one another to form a single mass, the left one being larger than the right. The small right salivary gland lies beneath the left one over the tip of the pedal gland, being connected to the latter by strands of connective tis- sue. The two salivary ducts are much coiled and very fine. They run with the oesophagus through the aperture in the ganglionic mass to the right side beneath the radular sac till they reach the circular groove in front of the radular sac. Then they turn up- wards along the right side of the groove nearly to the dorsal aspect, where they open into the base of the pharynx by the side of the oesophagus. In connection with the anatomy of Atopos (Podangia) sangui- nolenta, I described the salivary glands as an accessory digestive gland, as I could not trace the salivary ducts in those specimens. Now taking the minute structure into consideration, I find these two organs are identical, and the accessory digestive gland is nothing but the salivary glands forming a single mass. Minute structure.—The gland consists of numerous lobules held together by very thin layers of connective tissue. Fach lobule consists of a group of irregularly polyhedral cells closely applied to one another. The cells fall into two groups—(1) mucous and (2) serous, the latter preponderating over the former in number. ‘The mucous cells contain coarse granules which are stained blue with haematoxylin; their nuclei are indistinguishable. The serous cells have clearer protoplasm with fine granules which take a brownish yellow stain with Van Giesen’s stain. ‘The nuclei 1913. ] EKENDRANATH GuosH Mollusca, I. 217 are oval or spherical, and are placed on one side of the cells. The cells open into very minute salivary ducts which are generally placed in the centre of the lobules. In each lobule a duct begins from the elongated neck of a cell or a group of cells (generally mucous in nature), and then runs for a short distance receiving in its course the secretion of other cells which open into it. The duct in this portion of its course is bounded by the cells themselves, there being no other wall of its own. Several ducts converge from the outer portions of the lobule towards the centre, where they unite to form a lobular duct. The outer portions of the primary ducts and the beginnings of the lobular ducts have their walls con- sisting of a single layer of elongated cells with fusiform or trian- gular nuclei. Then the cells lining their lumen become more or less columnar in shape. At the point of union of these ducts may be seen mucous cells opening directly into them by long narrow necks. The oesophagus is a stout tube (a little narrower than the pharynx) which arises from the posterior end of the pharynx in the middorsal line. In the specimen with protruded proboscis, the oesophagus formed a straight tube, extending from behind the pharynx, through the aperture behind the cerebral ganglia, to the anterior end of the midgut gland on the ventral aspect. Inthe specimen with retracted proboscis, the oesophagus after its origin curves downwards to the left along the groove in front of the radular sac at the ventral aspect. It then passes a little forwards, and bending sharply backwards runs along the midventral line to end in the midgut gland. The oesophagus passes along the ventral surface of the midgut gland for a short distance and then enters into the substance of the gland and ends in the intestine. From the hinder end of the oesophagus at its junction with the intestine, it gives off a short tube which widens out and becomes continuous with the cavity of the midgut gland. The digestive or midgut gland (liver) is a large elongated conical body, extending over the posterior three-fourths of the cavity of the body. Anteriorly it is truncated obliquely and forms a concave surface directed downwards, forwards and to the left. Posteriorly it is tapering, and is connected to the posterior end of the body by a strand of connective tissue. The surface of the gland is finely lobulated. The cavity of the gland is narrow, with numerous fine slit-like branches projecting into the substance of the wall of the gland. The cavity becomes still narrower and irregular towards the posterior end of the gland. Minute structure.—The gland consists of numerous extremely elongated glandular cells, which are arranged side by side upon a thin layer of connective tissue which projects inwards from all sides towards the cavity of the gland. At the outer side this layer is continuous with the thin sheath of the gland. Each cell con- sists of granular protoplasm and contains an elongated nucleus to- wards its attached end. Amongst these cells are found goblet 218 Records of the Indian Museum. (Vox. viliie cells, the pear-shaped bodies of which are placed upon the connec- tive tissue layer. The intestine begins from the hinder end of the oesophagus, and passing through the substance of the midgut gland for a short distance emerges from its anterior end towards the right side. It then curves forwards and outwards to the right and then passes backwards to end in the anus, which lies just in front of the female genital aperture. Minute structure.—The intestine consists of the following coats from without inwards :— (1) A thick transverse layer of muscle-fibres. (2) Scattered and irregular longitudinal bundles of muscle- fibres, widely separated from one another by the trans- verse muscle-fibres and connective tissue. (3) A layer of sub-mucous tissue thrown into a number of longitudinal folds, being very thick along the folds but quite thin at the intervals. The layer consists mainly of white fibres with a few yellow elastic fibres and con- nective tissue cells. In this layer are seen numerous unicellular glands, the ducts of which open into the cavity of the intestine. (4) The mucous membrane consists of a single layer of colum- nar epithelium, with ducts of the unicellular glands between the cells. ; IV. Reproductive System. The animal is hermaphrodite. The male genital organs are very compressed and are placed beneath the proboscis sheath to the right. The main portion of the female genital organ also forms a flat triangular mass lying on the right side of the anterior end of the midgut gland and applied to its side. The female portion lies behind the male portion, the retractor penis muscle of the latter only passing over the female portion to be attached to the body- wall behind it. I could not find any connection between the male and female genital organs. On examining the section of the female portion from the smaller specimen (as that of the larger specimen was accidentally lost), I could not find any spermatozoon in the acini. The question about the connection between the male and female portions still remains unsettled as I could not examine the mature specimen. The main portion of the female genital organ consists of a glandular mass which lies on the right side of the liver. The glandular mass is placed a little obliquely, with the flattened sur- faces applied to the liver on the inner side and to the inner surface of the body-wall on the outer. The anterior border is broad and irregular, while the posterior border is tapering and pointed. The ovarian portion of the organ is inseparable from the albumen gland, both of which are included in a single mass. It forms a trans lucent portion occupying about the anterior three-fourths of the 1913. | EKENDRANATH GHOSH: Mollusca, I. 219 gland. Under the low power of the microscope the ovarian portion is seen to consist of thin-walled alveoli held together by connec- tive tissue. The posterior portion of the mass (corresponding to about one-third the length) forms a dead white mass, which extends as a natrow strip for a little distance along the lower border of the gland and terminates in a round end towards the anterior portion. The duct of the gland begins from the lower border of the glan- dular mass and then runs backwards to the dead-white portion posteriorly; there it forms a close coil and then emerges from the posterior end of the mass. It then curves upwards and forwards along the upper border of the gland for a short distance, and at last bends downwards on the outer side of the mass to end in the oviduct. The albuminiparous portion forms a narrow strip in the upper border of the mass. Minute structure.—The ovarian portion consists of thin-walled acini bound together by thin layers of connective tissue. Each acinus is lined by a single layer of flattened cells with disk-like nuclei. Inside this layer are numerous cells, more or less rounded in shape and lying attached to the cells of the wall. These cells are massed together in mullberry-like bunches projecting into the cavity of the acini. The cells have large spherical nuclei with a thin layer of protoplasm round them. The chromatin forms a close network with numerous dot-like nucleoli. Attached to the cellular lining are several ova in each acinus, in different stages of develop- ment. At first they are fusiform in shape, but become spheri- cal when fully developed. The protoplasm is granular with a large spherical nucleus placed in the centre. The nucleolus is a refractile spherical body placed towards one side of the nucleus. The ovum is surrounded on the inner surface (z.e. towards the lumen of the acinus) by a single layer of flattened-cells continuous with that forming the wall. Each acinus gives rise to a duct which opens into the main oviduct. The acinar duct consists of a single layer of ciliated columnar epithelium with elongated nuclei, surrounded by a thin layer of muscular tissue. The main oviduct, which is coiled to form the dead-white mass, consists of a single layer of narrow, much-elongated cells with very long narrow nuclei. The cells are so. closely arranged that even in a very thin section, the nuclei seem to be heaped together at right angles to the surface with very little protoplasm surrounding them. The inner surface of the cells is provided with distinct cilia which are as long as the cells themselves. The inner surfaces of the contiguous cells form a continuous refractile border in section. The individual coils of the oviduct are separated“by a thick layer of connective tissue with numerous connective tissue corpuscles. The albuminiparous portion of the gland consists of a scattered mass of small acini more or less rounded in shape, and separated from one another by thick layers of connective tissue. The epi- thelial lining of the acini consists of a single layer of elongated poly- hedral cells with large oval or elongated nuclei. The protoplasm 220 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vil is very granular. The cavities of the alveoli are mostly filled with secreted material. Amongst the acini are seen their ducts which consist of a layer of cubical epithelium with round or slightly oval nuclei. The oviduct after emerging from the main mass of the female portion passes downwards to end in the vagina. ‘The vagina is a short tube which passes outwards to end in the genital aperture. The receptaculum seminis is a pyriform body opening into the vagina by a very short neck just before the vagina ends in the genital aperture. The male genital organs consist of the following parts :— A fine thread-like tube which opens into the penial sheath at its dorsal end near the attachment of the retractor penis muscle. It is coiled several times round the distal end of the penial sheath. It passes forwards along the outer side of the penial sheath to its base, and then turns backwards along the inner border to the base of the right Simrothian gland to nearly half the length of the coecal tube from its attached end. The penial sheath consists of a tubular structure which opens in connection with the right Simrothian gland at the base of the right lower tentacle on its outer side. The penis is a short cylindrical body, connected to the penial sheath at its distal end. The rectractor penis muscle is a long narrow strand, extending from the posterior end of the penial sheath to the body-wall on the right side a little behind the female genital aperture. The muscle passes over the female genital organs to its destination. The right Simrothian gland is a long tubular body which can be divided into two portions—(1) a long and fine tubular portion which is closely coiled to form a more or less irregular mass, and (2) a thick tubular portion produced at its distal end into a tubular coecum on the inner side. A few muscular strands are seen to arise from the surface of the coecum and pass to be inserted into the dorsum of the muscular foot. There is no left Simrothian gland. | Minute structure.—The distal portion of the Simrothian gland is so closely coiled that the adjacent portions of the loop become more or less fused with cne another by their outer coats, and it is impossible to uncoil them without tearing through the outer coats. The wall of the tube consists of the following layers from without inwards :— (rt) A layer of elongated cells, the protoplasm of which is highly granular. The granules are stained with haema- toxylin. The nature of these cells is obscure. The layer is ensheathed by a membrane consisting of a layer of flattened connective tissue cells attached end to end (2) A layer of muscle fibres arranged circularly. 1913.] EKENDRANATH GHOSH: Mollusca, I. 221 (3) A single layer of short columnar cells with elongated rod- shaped nuclei. The first and second layers may in some cases be fused in adjacent portions of the tube. V. Nervous System. The nervous system is of euthyneurous type. Like the other species of the same genus, the ganglia are concentrated to form a rectangular mass, with a hole behind the closely apposed cerebral ganglia for the oesophagus and two salivary ducts. The cerebral ganglia are placed on a higher level than the others. The two viscero-pleural and two pedal ganglia form a flattened squarish mass, being only indistinctly separated from one another by a shallow cruciform groove. The buccal ganglia are placed at their usual position at the junction of the proboscis and the radular sac on the ventro-lateral aspect. The stomato-gastric connectives are very long in correspondence with the protrusible nature of the proboscis. VI. Pedal Gland. The pedal gland is an elongated tubular body 1°7 cm. in length, and is situated beneath the ganglionic mass on the dorsal surface of the foot. It extends about one-fourth the length of the body from the anterior end of the foot. The organ is slightly flattened dorso-ventrally towards the base, but cylindrical in the posterior two-thirds The gland opens externally, in the middle line, in the shallow groove between the head and anterior end of the foot. Minute structure—The lumen of the gland is circular in transverse section in the distal two-thirds of its length. but more or less elongated and flattened in its anterior one-third. The lumen is lined by a single layer of broadly columnar epithelial cells in the lower third of its circumference, while at the sides they become gradually cubical which again become flattened out at the upper third. Outside the epithelium lies a layer of connective tissue continuous above with what forms a sheath round the whole gland. In the anterior flattened portion of the gland, the lower half of the lumen is lined by a single layer of columnar epithelium, while the upper half is lined by a single laver of flattened cells. Between the epithelial cells are seen the openings of the ducts of numerous unicellular glands, which form the whole mass of the gland. The unicellular glands are more or less club-shaped, with wide ducts opening into the lumen of the tube. The granular contents are stained blue with haematoxylin. VII. Muscular System On the dorsal surface of the foot towards the anterior end is a muscular cushion with strands passing in all directions and be- coming continuous with the musculature of the foot. This cushion 222 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VIII, does not seem to be connected to any other muscle strands passing to other portions of the body-wal!. It seems to be the remains of the well-developed columellar muscle of typical pulmonates. Prisma aborense, n. sp. A single specimen of the present species was obtained under stones at Rotung, 1300 ft. The animal seems to belong to a new species. ‘The presence of precephalic flaps is a remarkable point to note. Notum finely granulated, with small tubercles in addition. Notum of sepia colour with black dots and lines, the latter forming an open meshwork not symmetrical on both sides. Foot sole light lamp-black, with the rims and circumpedal groove (including the inner surface of the free mantle margin) yellowish white. Body prismatic in transverse section with a faint rounded keel in the middorsal line. Mantle forming a hood over the head; mantle- margin thick and directed inwards. A thick precephalic flap beneath each lower tentacle and fused with it. Tentacles and flaps slaty-black. Length of notum 2°7 cm., breadth 15, height °7, breadth of foot sole °3, 9 aperture *35 from ~ aperture. EXTERNAL CHARACTERS. The animal is elongated, limaciform and is prismatic in trans- verse section. The height of the body is greatest in the middle third of its length. ‘The body tapers slightly to a rounded end anteriorly, and gradually to a bluntly-pointed end behind, the margin of the mantle (perinotum) being inflexed at the latter end. The mantle is rounded with a keel in the middorsal line. The keel is prominent and ridge-like in the anterior-third of the body, but is broad and rounded in the posterior two-thirds. The fore- most part of the mantle is bent at a right angle to the part behind and forms the hood covering the head. The hindermost part of the mantle is bent downwards and forwards just behind the pos- terior extremity of the foot, the outer surface being thus directed downwards and backwards. The anterior border of the mantle presents a wide rounded notch in the middle line. The mantle- border (perinotum) is thick and slightly inflexed; it forms a convex surface about *o8 cm. wide, which narrows down to disappear at the posterior end. ‘The surface of the mantle is granulated. The head is separated from the body by a distinct transverse groove. ‘lhe ommatophores are short, stout and cylindrical, they are transversely wrinkled, and seem to be non-invaginable. The precephalic flaps are placed on the lateral aspects of the head, and form the lateral boundary of a trapezoid-space leading into the mouth. ‘The two flaps are united to each other by a thin narrow flap of integument extending across the middle line beneath the ommatophores, and forming the dorsal wall of the trapezoid spaces mentioned above. ‘The outer (dorsal) surface of each precephalic 1913. | EKENDRANATH GHOSH: Mollusca, I. 223 flap is fused with the lower tentacle at the inner side, being slightly grooved on the inner aspect for the reception of the ommatophore. ‘The infero-external surface is directed downwards and outwards, and lies on a thin flattened process of integu- ment placed over the lateral aspect of the anterior surface of the foot. The infero-internal surface is directed downwards and in- wards and is continuous behind with the lining of the cavity leading to the mouth. The anterior border is thick. The outer border is also thick. The inner border gives attachment, at its back, to an integument which forms the dorsal wall of the cavity mentioned above. ‘The inferior border is continued at its base to a transverse ridge of integument, which forms the inferior boundary of the cavity leading into the mouth. The lower tentacle is fused with the precephalic flap except at the rounded tip. A thin flap of integument extends transversely below the cavity leading into the mouth, forming its ventral wall. On either side it is attached to the inferior border of the precephalic flap at its base. From the attachment of this membrane to the pre- cephalic flap, arises a thin integument which at once ends in a triangular process on its upper aspect. The triangular process is attached behind to a thin band extending, from the outer aspect of the head at its posterior end, downwards to the side of the foot at its anterior end. ‘This post-cephalic band is bounded behind by a groove which is a continuation of what forms the boundary between the head and the body. This band forms the dorsal wall of a slit- like cavity into which the pedal gland opens. The mantle is attached to the dorsal surface of the body about ‘2 cm. behind the head. The line of attachment then passes for- wards and downwards to come within ‘5 mm. of the groove behind the head, at the level of the lower border of the precephalic flap ; then it runs parallel to the groove behind the band (just described) and ends in the groove between the foot and the margin of the mantle. The foot is widest at a point *3 cm. from the anterior margin and tapers very gradually to a point at the posterior end. The foot projects beyond the mantle border for about ‘12 cm. at its posterior end. The anterior end of the foot forms a concave surface, the lateral borders of which are sloping from above down- wards and backwards for about ‘2 cm. from the anterior margin. The sole is finely wrinkled in a transverse direction, the margin of the sole forming a thick rim. Measurements (in cm.) Length along the middorsal line of the mantle 4-0 Length along the midventral line 27 Greatest height (at the junction of the anterior paethind and posterior two-thirds) ah 2D: tort Wey Greatest breadth A ie rt: ee py is 224 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Wall: Depth of the circumpedal groove .. ts st! ae? Length of the foot Ae Ne i va 2se Width of the foot sole op Distance of the male aperture from the anterior end of the foot : I5 Distance of the female aperture from the anterior end of theitoot |): i - Hf ea os Length of the head Lf He es ork ees Length of ommatophore sfc we pre cane: Thickness xk ey: ins 05 Length of the precephalic flap i * >) BeORS Length of the protruded proboscis .. i eS Width of the keel a ie p, va Os Width of the mantle border me is Re ees: Colouration.--The surface of the mantle (notum) is sepia, marked with numerous black lines which pass in various directions forming a very irregular open meshwork; the wide and irregular meshes are occupied by blotches of the same colour. The ommato- phores, the lower tentacles and the dorsal aspect of the precephalic flap (excepting a narrow strip along the anterior border) are slaty- blue, the sole 1s of the colour of light Indian ink with the rim yellowish white ANATOMY. I. Pallial Complex. The pulmonary area is broadly reniform in shape, the greatest breadth lying in a transverse direction. It lies behind the line of attachment of the mantle to the body behind the head. The area extends both to the right and left side of the body beneath the mantle, being continued to the junction of the mantle to the base of the foot on the right side, but ending about 1°5 mm. above on the left. The roof of the pulmonary area is fused with the mantle, as well as with the dorsal wall of the pericardium. ‘The floor lies on the anterior end of the liver, the salivary gland and the radular portion of the pharynx. There is no pulmonary chamber. The pericardium lies in the anterior one-third of the pulmo- nary area. It extends a little more to the right than to the left. The heart lies a little obliquely, the ventricle being placed a little in front of the auricle and to the left. The auricle is placed just beneath the middorsal line of the body. The kidney occupies the rest of the pulmonary area. It isa spongy mass bounded both on the inner and outer aspect by a thin membrane forming the floor and roof of the pulmonary area. II. Digestive System. The proboscis was protruded in the specimen and the pharynx was placed inside the proboscis sheath. Fine strands of connective tissue were seen extending from the inner side of the proboscis 1913. | EKENDRANATH GHOSH: Mollusca, I. 225 sheath to the anterior portion (about one-sixth the length) of the pharynx. The pharynx is a stout tubular structure, a little flattened from above downwards. When the proboscis is protruded, the whole of the pharynx with a portion of the radular sac is drawn into the cavity of the proboscis, the hinder two-thirds of the radular sac being left in the cavity of the head. The radular portion of the pharynx is stouter and more flattened than the pharynx proper; it is placed at an angle with the pharynx and is itself curved so that the posterior end is bent downwards. The radula is anarrow band which is placed on an elongated cushion from the ventral wall of the sac. The anterior end of the band is curved downwards and backwards round the blunt anterior end of the cushion. The teeth are unicuspid and are arranged in V-shaped rows. Each presents a crescentic notch toward the distal end. The oesophagus begins from the middorsal line of the pharynx a little in front of its middle (including the radular portion). It runs backwards for a short distance, and then curves downwards to come to the ventral aspect. It passes through the aperture in the ganglionic mass and then passes along the ventral aspect of the liver, and opens into its cavity at a little distance behind the anterior end. ; The salivary glands form a single inseparable mass lying in front of the liver. The mass is triangular in shape, and is placed on the distal portion of the pedal gland. The salivary ducts, two in number, arise from the ventral surface of the glandular mass, the left one arising a little in front of the right. They pass through the aperture in the ganglionic mass, and open into the pharynx on the ventro-lateral aspect in the same vertical line with the begin- ning of the oesophagus. The liver is a stout conical sac with thick walls. The anterior end is broad and is bevelled at the ventral aspect. The posterior end is tapering and ends ina blunt point. The surface is uniformly lobulated, with small depressed areas bounded by raised white lines. The cavity of the liver is spacious and presents an irregular lining of ridges and papillae. The cavity of the organ was filled with a granular mass, which on microscopic examination was seen to consist of the remains (the cellulose lining) of various sorts of unicellular and branching filamentous algae. The intestine begins from the ventral aspect of the liver on its left side. It passes forwards and to the right to end in the anus placed close to the ureter. IIT. Reproductive System. The animal being of very small size, it was impossible to trace the connection between the male and female portions, 226 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VIII, Male genital organs.—The penis when contracted forms a small conical prominence inside the lumen of the long tubular penial sheath at its distal end. The flagellum lies along the side of the penial sheath, extending from the base of the penis to the proximal end of the sheath. The penial sheath is a tubular structure fused with the Simrothian gland about half its length from the proximal end, and having a common lumen for the two. The right Simrothian gland is a tubular structure fused with the penial sheath for a short distance from its proximal end. The tube consists of a narrow and loosely coiled distal portion, and a thicker proximal portion provided with a rounded projection into its cavity at the beginning. Female genital organ..—The female genital organ forms a small flattened body applied to the inner surface of the pulmonary area and opening into the external aperture by a short duct. There is no distinct albuminiparous portion of the gland. IV. Nervous System. The ganglia form a squarish mass with the aperture for the oesophagus and two salivary ducts. The cerebral ganglia are closely united to each other and are placed on a higher level than the others. The pedal and viscero-pleural form a compact mass behind the cerebral. The pedal cords, one from each ganglion, pass backwards to the posterior end. The two buccal ganglia lie in the angle between the radular portion of the pharynx and the oesophagus, a little behind the beginning of the latter. They form a pair of oval bodies closely applied to one another like a pair of beads. There are three nerves from each ganglion, one of which is connected to a nerve from the cerebral ganglion. V. Pedal Gland. It is a stout tube more or less flattened on the dorso-ventral line. Itis bent on itself a little in front of its middle so that the posterior portion is directed to the left of the animal. The latter portion of the tube lies in contact with the ventral aspect of the salivary glandular mass, with which it is connected by means of connective tissue. LITERATURE. In addition to the literature mentioned in my last paper “‘ On the Anatomy of Atofos (Podangia) sanguinolenta (Stol. MS.), the following papers were also consulted :-— 1. E. Ghosh, “‘On the Anatomy of Atopos (Podangtia) sanguinolenta (Stol., MS.).’’ Records of the Indian Museum; Volivil, Partain Nowi7,.1G12: 1913.] EKENDRANATH GHOSH: Mollusca, I. 227 2. Collinge, W. E., ‘‘ Atopos list and distribution, spp; A. onwensé, sp.n. Java.’ Journ. Conch., 12, p. 199, 1908. 3. Simroth, H., “ Uber das Vaginuliden genus Atopos n.g.” Zeit. f. Wiss. Zool., 1891, Bd. lili, pp. 593—616. Geis nila OVE ine 1S ies Alte hoe Mee + er x ~ssi = \ \- ; ~ a ok ce ¢ , = a wees pened ered Gees deiliandatee ; one a: "thse renee nu ane ‘lag waa arhieame yuahdig y > . 7 S44 uh el adh ed Bae tiie i Vis ec ic is FF Sebel a sath : Le REO oF nae pie t ena ty ot eye Le Lat \ = ek ‘’ - ’ - oo © s * : ba Lae, ey? Pats te v0 he 2 AZ T1915 care ad ta . ¥ Z a 9 , a) § fi Ps ' ; ai § e¢ oh Seo | Ce rae Ph k - wf ie "+ * . 2 ai 5 . athe ‘= oRay ne. a rise ) a ‘ rh = ‘ * ie Tp aera il nat ees iN are iy bia sthy , or An er. +) a 44 : vee ag i ee has zaiih ftp irae hier box sb, pT DE ORs ha 4 Nae eae: ahs MIBBOD) Ay: sé me isa Wt ie, a 4 Or as ; wf be aes ai oem et, Tee ama 4 or a ’ 7 f > %g em 2 ; 4 4298-4 le re : é ne sill wectinhs As tus Pia$ | B50 ae yt Jae, ey ee 8 v lee a) ¥ : al a x= way ype bs ; Je ani toe! wera: YER ear Argue 7 +4 37 ) o. i> r ime Pd ve a x ; ; “¢ ; P . : = ny a did tees j eas | a“ il iat Loma . ' ] 1} Gear hne mutes ; - rai? ities 7 nay i sl hater te i heearhd at i j The ! ‘1 f 4 uP ' i C) Pe. a ' ae » ? Wy) an ie ; j 4 wp ke ne thy ‘t,o 4a ibe wat leith < i’ = 4 Da 7 r Yat | N ; . * " e y v! ‘ Ae) : a 7 a A ri a, + : + — « * et ae : og : ot EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. 1.—A topos (Podangia) kemptt (nat. size). 2.—Head of the animal, dorsal view, X 2. 3.—Head of the animal, ventral view, X about 4. 4.—Pallial complex, X 2; the right half of the figuic is shown to be reflected outwards with the mantle wall I, rectum; 2, pulmonary aperture; 3, kidney; 4, ventricle. 5.—Transverse section of a portion of body-wall, X 230. 6.—-Transverse section of the blood sinus under the keel, X 51. 7.—Transverse section of a portion of foot, X 103. 8.—Transverse section of the body through the middle, xX 2. g.—Proboscis, proboscis sheath and radular sac with salivary glands and their ducts, X about Io. 10.—Diagrammatic longitudinal section of the proboscis and its sheath, x about Io. 11.—Longitudinal section of the protruded proboscis, X 2. 12.—Liver and salivary glands, dorsal view, X 2. 13.—Ljiver, ventral view (of the smaller specimen), x 2: a, and c are transverse sections at different parts of the organ, shown by lines in the same. Ye a6 (Lae Juz ‘\ Pipe xn ) ; hen ts A.Chowdhary, lith a Oo go i= Cheer ag —— (Tis aman = ee em FE Ss ( aj; eS a eh SS Rec.Ind. Mus.,Vol.VIII,1913 (Abor E:xp.) E.N.Ghosh,del. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. Atopos (Podangia) kempit. Fic. 14.—-Section of a portion of salivary gland, X 103; the figure shows the formation of the primary lobular duct. », 15.—Transverse section of the wall of the proboscis, X 103. ,, 16.—Transverse section of the liver, X Io. ,, 17.—Transverse section of a portion of liver, X 460. 5, 18.—Teeth of radula (of one side), X 460. ,, 18a.—A tooth of radula, X 230. ,, 19.—Anterior portion of the radula. ,, 20.—Transverse section of intestine, X 15. Plate xt. Rec. Ind. Mus,Vol VIII,1913 (Abor E xp.) —=s = a 7 A.Chowdhary, lith. HUN. Ghosh, del: ia | ; by oe ae OBE ee io are Fic. 3) EXPLANATION OF PLATE Xi: Atopos (Podangia) kempit. 21.—Transverse section of a portion of the wall of intestine, 230. 22.—Female genital organ: a, from outer side; b, from inner side. 23.—Portions of the walls of two contiguous acini from the female genital organ, X I03. 24.—Portion of the wall of an acinus, showing an ovum, 103: 25.—Two acini from the albuminiparous portion of the female genital organ, X 103. 26.— Portion of the oviduct and receptaculum seminis, X 4. 27.—Male genital organ and the right Simrothian gland, x10: 28.—Transverse section of Simrothian gland, Leitz’s drawing eyepiece and objective 6. 29.—Nervous system, X 8. 30.—Pedal gland, X 2. 31.—Transverse section of the pedal gland, x I03. a Rec. Ind. Mus.,Vol VIII,1913 Abor Exp.) ; Plate aL ae An NG 2) EZ) aes LSS PSO O EON. Ghosh, del. A.Chowdhary, lith. x} . mi a4 EXPLANATION OR PiAte xchie Side view of Pvisma aborense (nat. size). Head of the animal (dorsal view). Side view of the head. Ventral view of the head. Alimentary canal and pulmonary area: I, proboscis; 2, radular sac; 3, salivary gland; 4, intestine; 5, oeso- phagus; 6 kidney; 7, pericardium. Salivary gland, X 2: a, dorsal view; 6b, ventral view. Pharynx (side view), X 2: 1, salivary ducts; 2, radular portion of the pharynx; 3, oesophagus. Three teeth of radula , X about 255. Pedal gland, X 2. Male genital organ, X about 20: 1, flagellum; 2, penis; 3, right Simrothian gland. — oe Rec .Ind.Mus.Vol VI, 1913 (Abor Exp.) Plate XIII. 8 x 255. E.N.Ghosh, del. A.Chowdhary, lith. ZV TEMWNOCEPRAL ID AE. By F. H. Gravery, MSe., Assistant Superintendent, Indian Museum. (Plate xiv). The only representative of this family found by the Abor Expedition was Temnocephala sempert, Weber. ‘This species was first found by Semper on crabs in Luzon and Mindanao, from the plains up to an altitude of 5000 ft. (1872, p. 307). It has since proved to have a wide distribution in the Oriental Region ; for according to Max Weber, who first described it as a distinct species (1890), it occurs on ‘‘ Telphusa’’' spp. in Sumatra,? Java and various parts of Celebes and it has been found both by Dr. Annandale and by myself in the Dawna Hills of Tenasserim, where it occurs on Potamon mani and probably also on P. andersonianum. Specimens in the Indian Museum collec ion of P. mani from Tavoy, and of P. andersonianum from Yunnan and from the Sheetee (Kakhyen) and Manipur Hills, bear eggs closely resembling those evidently belonging to this species on crabs from the Abor country and Dawna Hills. In the Abor country it is not uncommon on Potamon adiatretum and P. superciliosum,? and in the absence of any record of another species of Temnocephala from Asia, it is probable that the specimen found by Wood-Mason in a bottle of fish from the Dafla Hills (1875, p. 337) was also 7. semperz, and had become associated with the fish accidentally. Mr. Kemp, it may be pointed out, was unable to find any kind of Temnocephala on fish in the Abor country, which adjoins the Daflas, although he was looking for confirmation of this record. The Abor and Dawna records are as follows :— Abor Country : Yembung River, 1100 ft , 13-i—0-1i-12. Ialek stream between Renging and Rotung, T0-1-12. Below Damda, banks of Siyom River, I-ii-12. Dawna Hills: Third Camp, western base of hills, ca. 400 it., 30-XI-II. . Misty Hollow, western side of hills ca. 2200 it. 20-xI-11. ! ¢e. Potamon of recent monographs. 2 I have to thank Prof. Max Weber for sending me some of his specimens from Sumatra for comparison with the Burmese and Abor specimens, the iden- tification of which they have greatly facilitated. I have also to thank Dr. J. H. Ashworth for specimens of other species with which to compare these. é A new species shortly to be described by Mr. Kemp in this volume. 230 F. H. GravELY: Temnocephalidae. [Vor Vitis Sukli, eastern side of hills, ca. 2100 ft., 22—29- XI-II. Below Sukli, ca. 1500 ft. The habits of Temnocephala semperi seem to be very like those of other species of the genus. My observations on Burmese specimens were very hurried, but, so far as they go, they confirm Mr. Kemp’s on Abor ones. ‘The following account is based on these. The creatures are extremely contractile and their great acti- vity is most striking—indeed it is apt to be startling the first time living specimens are seen. They live, often in large numbers, on the lower surface of the body and among the basal joints of the legs of their host, which is apparently always a crab of the genus Potamon, and of the subgenus Potamon or Geotelphusa. Temnocephala has not so far been found on specimens of Potamts- cus, the only other subgenus of Potamon found in India, possibly on account of the fact that the members of this subgenus are less aquatic in their habits. When the animal is quiescent, its median tentacle is extended directly forwards, the intermediate tentacles are elevated, and the posterior ones are depressed. As a tule the last-named tentacles do not assist in progression but remain outstretched and curved slightly forwards, while the tips of the other three are applied to the ground. The body is then hunched up and pressed forwards till these three tentacles lie entirely beneath it, after which the posterior sucker lets go its hold to find a new one further forwards; then the same process is repeated. When separated from its host, 7. semperz stands and waves its tentacles around, as though trying to perceive a new one, or crawls rapidly about. Occasionally, when it is greatly irritated, the tentacles are doubled back and tucked away beneath the concave ventral surface of the body. Haswell (1888, p. 283) found that the food of Australian Temnocephalidae consisted of small crustacea and insect larvae. In the specimens examined from the Dawna Hills, remains of the latter are abundant, of the former very rare. The Abor specimens do not throw much light on the nature of the food, but one contains a lot of diatoms and other matter, so arranged as to leave little doubt that they were introduced in the gut of some other animal, perhaps an aquatic Oligochaet. The animal as a whole is white and semi-translucent in life, with the stomach showing through as a yellowish patch a little behind the single pair of small black eyes. I have nothing to add to our present knowledge of the general anatomy of the animal, though I can confirm from sections the results of both Weber’s and Merton’s investigations of the species ; but the chitinous lining of the penis appears, on account of its special importance in taxonomy. to be worthy of greater attention than has been bestowed upon it in any paper I have yet seen. This cuticle is most readily examined in detail after the animal has been treated with hot caustic potash and then crushed 1913. | Records of the Indian Museum. 231 and triturated under a cover-slip till the tissues have been disin- tegrated; but when a number of specimens of different sizes are to be compared together, I have found it more convenient to mount them whole under simple pressure, after the preliminary treatment with potash. As boiling with potash rapidly disinte- grates the animal and usually results in the loss of the penis, the plan adopted has been to pour boiling 5°%. caustic potash solution on to the specimens, which then in a few minutes become clear without falling to pieces. Haswell has pointed out that in several species of Temnoce- phala two distinct regions can be recognized in the penis (1887, p. 296). This is so in T. semperi as has already been noticed by Semper (1672) pl. xxl, fig. 7)vand Weber (1890, ‘pl. i, - fig. 1). In the proximal region the chitin is smooth, whereas in the distal region or glans it is armed internally with fine, close-set spines (fig. 6). In the smallest specimens of T. sempert that I have seen, the proximal region is very little longer than the distal (fig. 7), but as the animal grows the former becomes more rapidly enlarged than the latter, so that in approximately fullgrown specimens the chitinous lining comes to have the form shown in fig, 5. Finally, in a few specimens from the Dawna Hills, all of them full-grown, the whole organ has become very much longer and slenderer, as is shown in fig. 4. Temnocephala semperi lays its eggs on the sides of the femora, and occasionally on the abdominal terga and the sides of the carapace, of its host. They are very like those of 7. fasciata figured by Haswell (1887, pl. xxii, fig. 18). They vary greatly in size, being from about 0°5-1‘0 mm. in length, and two or three times as long as broad. They are covered with a hard brown shell, from a little towards one end of which arises a thin (? chitinous) thread, that is commonly broken during the preserva- tion of the specimens. The animal appears to develop inside the egg with its tentacles bent along the body as in T. madagascart- ensis (Vayssiere, 1891, pl. i, fig. 6). Although Temnocephala sempert is the only species of its group of which adults were obtained in the course of the Abor Expedition, there is some evidence that another occurs at the base of the Abor Hills. Dr. Annandale, while examining specimens of a race of the Atyid prawn Caridina webert from the Assam- Bhutan frontier, noticed in their gillchambers eggs in every respect similar to those of the peculiar little Temnocephaloid recently described by him as Caridinicola indica (tg12). In one egg the shell had been ruptured and a young Caridintcola was protruding from it. In the gill-chamber of a specimen of the same prawn taken at Dibrugarh by Mr. Kemp, Dr. Annandale found other eggs which differed in their smaller size and in being apparently devoid of a coloured shell. It is therefore probable that Caridinicola or an allied animal lives on Atyid prawns that inhabit the streams of north-eastern Assam. 232 F. H. GRAVELY: Temnocephalidae. [Vou. VIII, 1913.] LIST OF LITERATURE REFERRED ‘TO. 1870. Philippi, R. A.—‘‘ Ueber Temnocephala chilensts ”’ Archw {. Naturg. XXXVI, 1870, pp. 35-40, pl. i. 1872. Semper, C.—‘‘ Zoologische Aphorismen. II, Ueber die Gattung Temnocephala Blanchard.” Zeitschr. wiss Zool. XXII, 1872, pp. 307-310, pl. xxiii. 1875. Wood-Mason, J.—‘‘ Note on the Geographical Distri- bution of the Temnocephala chilensis of Blanchard.”’ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) X1V, 1875, pp. 336-7. 1887. Haswell, W. A—‘*‘On Temnocephala, an Aberrant Monogenetic Trematode.”’ Q. J. M.S. (n. s.) CIX, 1887-8 (1888), pp. 279-302, pl. xx—xxii. 1890. Weber, M.—‘‘ Uber Temnocepha Blanchard.” Zoolo- gische Ergebnisse eines Reise in Niederlandisch Osi- Indien I, Leiden 1890-1, pp. 1-29, pl. i-iii. 1891. Vayssiere A.—‘‘ Etude sur le Temnocephala, parasite de 1’Astacoides madagascariensis.” Ann. Faculte Sci. Marseille II, 1891, pp. 77-99, pl 1. 1912. Annandale, N. ‘‘ Fauna Symbiotica Indica, IV, Cari- dimcola, a new type of Temnocephaloidea.’’ Rec. Ind. Mus. VII, 1912, pp.. 243-252, 2 text-figs. 1913. Merton, H.—‘‘ Die weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane von Temnocefhala.’’? Zool. Anz. XII, 1913, pp. 413- AZ, text hie. LRT b NYS Rar | ie ; ake Bet = ee : : iaiiae, ya re decay FS redeees: ge el : . a yae it gheet a0 1g jolspiat? Une eae ee ts seen ae ecg Aig Sa aaa a + : Re ce alee eae ae Os arate Feat ras 1h aR Slat iy kas > forge se falda Wiltz nh $0 a. a a ee Ehae A ee. see ft ’ z. ‘ dr nae i — Pte) eee er ee : “> he > oo a Par re Poe ot Ais - =_ — he > ’ Ewe hh EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. Temnocephala semperi. Fic. 1.4—~ A specimen fully expanded, from above, much magni- fied. ,, 2 /— A specimen attached by three tentacles and the sucker, in the act of progression, much magnified. .—A preserved full-grown specimen, much contracted. showing the position of the elongated penis and principal organs, X 30. “ i>) . — Penis of a similar specimen, X 210. . — Penis of a normal full-grown specimen, X 210. . — Distal portion of penis of the same specimen, X 1080. . — Penis of a very young specimen, X 2I0. Seton ses 1 I am indebted to Mr. Kemp for these two figures. Rec. Ind. Mus.,Vol.VIII, 1913 (Abor Exp.) Plate XIV. \ D. Bagchi, del. A.Chowdhary,lith. TEMNOCEPHALA SEMPERI, Weber. XVII. HYMENOPTERA, II: ANTS (FORMICIDAE). By WitLiamM MORTON WHEELER. Subfamily PONERINAE. t. Myopopone castanea, F. Smith var. maculata, Roger. Several workers from Kobo, 400 ft.; ‘“‘in rotten wood,” ‘‘ under logs”’ and “‘ under bark.” 2. Centromyrmex feae, Emery. Two workers from Sadiya, N. E. Assam; ‘‘ under logs ” 3. Odontomachus monticola, Emery. One worker from Yembung, 1100 feet. 4. Leptogenys (Lobopelta) assamensts, Forel. One worker from Kobo, 400 ft. Euponera (Brachyponera) nigrita, Emery. Several workers from Kobo, 400 ft.; ‘‘in rotten wood,”’ On 6. Ponera confinis, Roger, var. Two winged females from Farm Caves, near Mulmein ; ‘« in depths of a large cave.”’ These specimens are even darker than the var. wroughtont, Forel, of Ceylon, but without the corresponding workers I hesitate to describe them. 7. Pachycondyla (Ectomomyrmex) astuta, F. Smith. A single worker from Rotung, 1400 ft.; ‘‘ under stones.” 8. Pachycondyla (Ectomomyrmex) javana, Mayr _ subsp. materna, Forel. Several workers from Rotung, r4o00 ft.; “‘ under leaf- stem of plantain.” Subfamily DORYLINAE. g. Dorylus (Alaopone) orientalis, Westwood. _ Many workers from Kobo, 400 ft.; “‘in rotten Wood.” 10. Dorylus (Alaopone) vishnur, sp. nov. Worker. Length 1:5—6 mm. Resembling A. orientalis. Mandibles falcate, pointed, with a single large tooth or more rarely with two teeth besides the apical point. Head subrectangular, about } longer than broad, scarcely 234 Records of the Indian Museum. (Vor. VI; broader in front than behind, with straight sides and deeply, arcuately excised posterior margin, and a median longitudinal groove which is faint or obsolete in the region of the vertex. Smallest workers with the head a little broader behind than in front, with more convex sides and the longitudinal groove often indistinct or lacking, except on the anterior and posterior portion of the head. Clypeus projecting somewhat only in the largest workers. Antennae g-jointed in all the workers, joints 3-7 of the funiculus broader than long. Thorax as in orientalis, epinotum with a distinct longitudinal impression. Petiole fully 14 times as long as broad in the large workers, at least as long as broad in the smallest. Hypopygium with three subequal points as in orientalis. Whole body more glabrous and shining than in oventalis, punctures on the head decidedly smaller and further apart; some- what coarser on the thorax and petiole. These parts are also shagreened so that they appear somewhat less shining than the head, especially on the sides. Minute, yellow, appressed hairs arising from the punctures on the head and body much shorter and less conspicuous than in orientalis. Head, thorax, petiole and antenne of the large workers rich ferruginous red; mandibles and clypeus darker; gaster and legs paler; in the smallest workers the whole body is reddish yellow, the mandibles light red Described from a dozen workers from Mulmein, Lower Burma. This form is certainly distinct from ovtentalis in the longer head of the large worker. in sculpture and pilosity, and in having the petiole longer than broad instead of distinctly broader than long. As both Emery and Forel are agreed that Alaopone curtist, Shuckard and A. oberthiirt, Emery, are merely synonyms of ortentalis, Westwood, and as this latter species is the only one known from the Oriental Region, I am compelled to regard the Burmese specimens as representing a new form. It may, perhaps, have only subspecific value and may be the hitherto unknown worker of A. fusca, Emery or longicornis, Shuckard, two subspecies of orientalis known only from male specimens, A. vishnui differs from A. convadi, Emery, of Togo, the only other Alaopone besides orientalis with a known worker, in its much shorter head (the head of the large worker conradi is nearly twice as along as broad) and in the darker colouration. Subfamily MYRMICINAE. II. Stma rujonigra, Jerdon. One worker and two dealated females from Sadiya, N.E. Assam and Kobo, 400 ft. 12. Pheidologeton (Aneleus) aborensis, sp. nov. Soldier, Wength 3—3°5 mm. 1913.] W. M. WHEELER: Hymenoptera, IT. 235 Head large, subrectangular, distinctly longer than broad, very slightly narrower in front than behind, with straight sides, broadly rounded posterior corners and the posterior margin distinctly but not deeply emarginate. Upper and lower surfaces convex. Median longitudinal furrow extending the full length of the head but shallow. Eyes small, rather convex, but consisting of numerous facets, situated near the anterior third of the head. Median ocellus present in some individuals. Mandibles with 5 subequal teeth, moderately convex, with rather straight external borders. Clypeus short, flattened in the middle, its anterior border broadly rounded, feebly and sinuately excised in the middle. Antenne short, rather slender; scapes reaching to about 4 the distance between the eyes and the posterior corners of the head; basal joint of the two-jointed club scarcely half as long as the apical; first funicular joint as long as joints 2-4 together; joints 2-8 scarcely longer than broad. Frontal carinze short and diverg- ing. Frontal area large, flat. Thorax shorter than and half as broad as the head, broadest through the pronotum, which is broader than long and, when seen in profile, very convex and rounded above, with rounded humeri. Mesonotum small, trans- versely concave in the middle, separated from the pronotum by a distinct suture and ridge, its general outline in profile rapidly sloping to the epinotum from which it is separated by a deep suture. Epinotum much lower than the pronotum, about as long as high, in profile with subequal base and declivity, the former horizontal, the latter sloping, armed with two small acute up- wardly directed teeth, which are as long as broad at their bases. These bases are prolonged anteriorly and posteriorly on each side into a ridge along the base and declivity of the epinotum. The space between these ridges is slightly concave. Petiole slender, longer than high through the node, which has a long, concave anterior and flat posterior surface, with the summit rounded in profile and transverse when seen from above. Lower surface of petiole without a tooth. Postpetiole small, rounded, transversely elliptical; a little broader than long and a little broader than the petiole. Gaster large, ovate, narrowly emarginate at the insertion of the postpetiole. Sting well-developed. Mandibles, clypeus and frontal area shining, the mandibles coarsely and sparsely punctate, longitudinally rugose at their bases Clypeus and cheeks finely and regularly longitudinally rugose. Remainder of head opaque, more coarsely rugose, the ruge on the front diverging backwards and covering a fan-shaped area, those on the posterior fourth of the head transverse but not coarser than the frontal rugee, and those on the sides longitudinal. Thorax, petiole and postpetiole opaque, pro- and mesonotum transversely and rather irregularly rugulos2; epinotum and _ base of petiole reticulately, upper surfaces of petiolar and _ post- petiolar nodes irregularly rugulose. Gaster subopaque or slightly shining above and, especially at the base, finely reticulate and sparsely punctate; base of first segment also with traces of 236 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vie fine longitudinal ruge. Antennal scapes and legs sparsely punctate. Hairs on the head, thorax and gaster yellow, erect, delicate, pointed, very sparse; on legs and scapes short and appressed. Pubescence sparse, distinct only on the gaster. Dark brown, base of gaster, thorax, petiole and postpetiole more reddish and paler, especially on the sides, head darker; clypeus and cheeks red; mandibles red, with black borders ; posterior edges of gastric segments reddish or yellowish; antennz and legs brownish yellow or testaceous. Worker. Wength 1°3—1'5 mm. Head much smaller than in the soldier, scarcely longer than broad, with rather convex sides and nearly straight posterior border. Clypeus not bicarinate, its anterior border entire or very feebly and sinuately excised. Frontal area and eyes very small, the latter consisting of only two facets. Antenne similar to those of the soldier, but their scapes reaching to the posterior corners of the head. Thorax like that of the soldier, more than half as broad as the head, the pronotum somewhat less convex, the mesonotum without a transverse impression, the base of the epinotum convex and the teeth reduced to mere minute angles. Petiolar node rounded and conical, not compressed anteropos- teriorly. Whole body smooth and shining, finely and very sparsely punctate, sides of epinotum and peduncle of petiole finely reti- culate-rugose. Pilosity similar to that of the soldier but the erect hairs much sparser and shorter. Colour paler than in the soldier; body yellowish brown ; antenne and legs paler, head and gaster somewhat darker. Described from numerous soldiers and workers taken at Kobo, 400 ft.; ‘in rotten wood.’’ This species is closely related to the other described species of Ancleus (pygmaeus, Emery from Ternate, s¢mzlis, Mayr from the Nicobar Islands, minimus, Emery from Beliao Island and sarast- norum, Kmery from Celebes). It differs in its greater size, in sculpture and pilosity from minimus, in its smaller size and in sculpture and colouration from pygmaeus and sarastnorum, and from the latter also in lacking conical projections on the posterior cotners of the head in the soldier. Only the worker of similis is known, but this has a bicarinate and deeply excised clypeus and its colour is paler than that of the worker aborensis. 13. Cvrematogaster rogenhofert, Mayt. Numerous workers from Rotung, 1400 ft., and Dibru- garth, N.E. Assam. 14. Cvrematogaster biroi, Mayr var. aitkent, Forel. Many workers from Upper Rotung, 2000 ft.; ‘‘ under leaf-stem of plantain.’’ 17. 18, 27. 28, W. M. WHEELER: Hymenoptera, IT. 237 Meranoplus bicolor, Guérin. A single worker from Sadiya, N.E. Assam. Pristomyrmex brevispinosus, Emery. Numerous workers from Kobo, 400 ft.; ‘‘in rotten wood.” Subfamily DOLICHODERINAE. Tapinoma melanocephalum, Fabr. Four workers from Thingannyinaung to Myawadi, Burma, goo ft. Technomyrmex albtpes, F. Smith. Numerous workers from Kobo, 400 ft.; ‘‘in rotten wood.’’ Subfamily CAMPONOTINAE. Plagiolepts longipes, Jerdon. A single worker from Misty Hills, east side of Dawna Hills, 2000 ft. Ocecophylla smaragdina, Fabr. Three workers from Dibrugarh, N.E. Assam and Kobo, 400 ft. Camponotus nicobarensis, Forel. Numerous workers and a single dedlated female from Kobo, 400 ft., ‘under bark”; Rotung, 1400 ft. ‘in dead bamboo,’’ and Dibrugarh, N.E. Assam. Camponotus taylort, Forel var. albosparsus, Forel. Several minor workers from Sadiya, N.E. Assam; ‘* under logs.”’ d Polyrhachts striatorugosa, Mayr. One dealated female from Upper Rotung, 2000 ft. Polyrhachis mayri, Roger. Several workers from Upper Rotung, 2000 ft. Polyrhachis halidayi, Emery. Several workers from Rotung, 1400 ft. Polyrhachis lacvissima, F. Smith. Several workers from Sadiya, N.E. Assam. Polyrhachis dives, ¥. Smith. Several workers from Dibrugarh, N.E. Assam, ‘‘ from nest in tree.”’ Polyrhachis tibialis, F. Smith. One winged female from Kobo, 400 ft. NW (SY a rie I OE, eS ER ES Le Te eve. Lt ve Mo NOP ib R Ae PEP LENT REDINIDAR. By S. A. RoHweEr, Bureau of Entomology, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. The Tenthredinidae or sawflies collected by the Abor Expedi- tion represent four species, three of which are new, and one new variety. These four species belong to genera which are well represented in the Oriental Region. Family TENTHREDINIDAE. Subfamily EMPRIINAE. Genus Blennocampa, Hartig. Blennocampa gracilicornis, sp. nov. This species seems to have its nearest ally in B. /enuicornis of Europe. Female.—Length 3.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus broadly, arcuately emarginate; the lobes triangularly acute at apex ; supraclypeal area subconvex; antennae separated from the eyes by the width of the base of ‘the scape, separated from each other by the distance, but little shorter than the length of the first two antennal joints; middle fovea shallow, transverse ; frontal foveae deep, elongate ; antennal furrows obsolete : penta- gonal area obsolete; eyes ‘large, strongly converging to the clypeus ; postocellar area well defined laterally, about two and one- half times as wide as long; postocellar line distinctly longer than the ocellocular line; antennae elongate, slender, hairy ; pedicel subequal in length with the scape, much longer than wide ; third antennal joint slightly longer than the fourth ; claws cleft, teeth subequal in length; transverse median slightly basad at the middle of the cell; stigma rounded below, tapering to an acute apex ; transverse Pacis received in the apical fifth of the cell, inclined at the same angle as the third transverse cubitus ; apical dorsal segment sharply triangular ; sheath narrow, parallel- sided, at apex narrowly rounded ; saw feebly ridged, the lower margin regularly, finely dentate with the teeth triangular in outline, pointed below. Black; labrum, scape, palpi aaa legs yellowish white ; base of the four posterior tibiae and their tarsi white ; wings ‘dusky hyaline ; venation pale brown, costa and basal vena- tion dark brown. Dibrugarh, North-East Assam. Described from one female collected November 12th-1gth, rgtr. Type in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 240 Records of the Indian Museum. [Von:-V EEE, Subfamily PHYMATOCERINAE. Genus Tomostethus, Konow. Konow, in his ‘‘ Genera Insectorum,”’ says that the genus Tomostethus has simple tarsal claws. On examination of the European species in the collection of the United States National Museum, it is found that four of the European species have the tarsal claws with an erect inner tooth. Two of the North Ameri- can species also have the claws with an inner tooth. If we wish to be consistent and to form genera or subgenera on the dentation of the tarsal claws, it will be necessary to divide this genus; but as a division of the genus based on the dentation of the claws would group together some species which on other characters would not be associated, and as all the species are not available at present, no division of this genus is given. The pentagonal area is obsolete in most of the species which have simple tarsal claws, while it is large and defined by ridges in all but one species which has the claws dentate. Tomostethus hirticornis, sp. nov. Superficially this species resembles 7. bavda, but may be readily separated from that species by the hairy antennae and the white markings on the legs. Female —Length 7 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus truncate, the sides rounded ; supraclypeal area flat; middle fovea large and deep ; lateral foveae opposite the middle fovea large, connected with the broad shallow antennal furrows; pentagonal area hexagonal, consisting of a depression which is sharply v-d above the anterior ocellus; postocellar furrow obsolete; post- ocellar area sharply defined laterally by the antennal furrows, about one and one-half times as wide as long ; postocellar line distinctly shorter than the ocellocular line; antennae short, the first two joints subequal, flagellum strongly hairy, the third joint almost as long as the fourth and fifth; stigma angulate near base, slightly tapering to the subtruncate apex; tarsal claws with an erect inner tooth; sheath straight above, broadly rounded at the apex, convex below; saw strongly ribbed and regularly, finely dentate. Black, shining; pronotum, mesonotum, tegula, first perapteron, prepectus and most of the mesepisternum rufous ; extreme base of the anterior tibiae, the basal two-thirds of the four posterior tibiae white; wings dusky hyaline ; venation black ; hind wings with one discal cell. Male.—lLength 6mm. Besides the usual differences the male differs from the female only in having the anterior tibiae white on the basal two-thirds ; hypopygidium broadly rounded apically. Sadiya, North-East Assam. Described from one female and one male collected November 23rd, 1911, ina jungle path. Type in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Allotvpe.—(Male} Cat. No. 15445, U.S.N M. 1913.] S. A. ROHWER: Hymenoptera, III. 241 Tomostethus assamensis, sp. nov. This species is related to T. formosanus, Enslin, but does not agree in all points with Enslin’s description of this species and may be separated from it by having the tibiae almost entirely white. Male.--YLength 4 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus trun- cate, sides oblique, with the angles sharp; supraclypeal area flat : supraclypeal foveae confluent with the antennal foveae, more sharply defined, punctiform ; middle fovea large, deep, rectangular in outline ; frontal foveae punctiform, deep, opposite the dorsal margin of the middle fovea; antennal furrows poorly defined ; ocellar basin large, pentagonal in outline, defined by rounded walls, not v-d above the anterior ocellus; postocellar furrow present, angulate anteriorly ; postocellar area defined laterally by elongate foveae, convex, about twice as wide as long ; postocellar line distinctly shorter than the ocellocular line ; posterior orbits narrow, withcut a carina; eyes strongly converging to the cly- peus; antennae short, flagellum hairy; scape and pedicel sub- equal in length, the pedicel slightly longer than its apical width; third antennal joint a little shorter than the fourth and fifth ; claws with a simple erect inner tooth ; hind wings with one discal cell : stigma angulate at base, tapering to a subtruncate apex; trans- verse radius in apical third of cell; hypopygidium broadly rounded. Black, shining; apices of femora, tibiae except a small spot on the dorsal apices, the first joint of the tarsi, white; remaining joints of the tarsi brown; wings strongly dusky; venation black. Sadiya, North-East Assam. Described from one male col- lected November 23rd, IgrT. Type in the Indian Museum. Subfamily SELANDRIINAE. Genus Stromboceros, Konow. Stromboceros (Neostromboceros) congener, Konow. Three specimens forwarded from the Indian Museum and col- lected on the Abor Expedition come from the following localities : Dibrugarh, North-East Assam (female, collected November 17th- Igth, Ig11). Kobo, altitude 400 feet (female, collected December 3rd, 1911). Sadiya, North-East Assam (male, collected November 27th, TOL"). Stromboceros (Neostromboceros) congener, variety tarsalis, nov. This variety differs from the typical form in having the tibiae (except the extreme apices, which are brown) yellow, and in having the tarsi vellowish brown. 242 Records of the Indian Museum. |Vot. VIII, 1913.] Described from four females and three males. Two females and three males were collected at Sadiya, North-East Assam, November 27th-28th, 1911. One female was coilected at Kobo at an altitude of 400 feet, December 5th, Ig1t, and one female was collected at Dibrugarh, North-East Assam, November 17th- rgth, IgII. Type (female) and allotype (male), two female paratypes and one male paratype in the collection of the Indian Museum. A female paratype and a male paratype. Cat. No. 15446, U.S.N.M. XVI Feo. Biv Bb a CoAUDHURT b5A-, B.Sc.+(ERin.), ARS. S., Assistant Superintendent, Indian Museum. (Plate vii—ix.) The total number of species of fish collected in the course of the Abor Expedition is forty-three, among which there is a mountain. loach representing a new genus. The discovery of this new genus affords some indication of the richness of the unexplored Hima- layan fauna of the N. E. Frontier of India. ‘There are also three new species and two new varieties of known generic groups, one of which belongs to Himalayan and sub-Himalayan districts, while the rest are of rather extended distribution. Nearly half the species collected have a very wide range, which includes Assam and Burma on the one hand and more westerly districts on the other. This was to be expected, as collecting commenced at Dibrugarh. Four species, viz. Oveimus sinuatus (Heckel), Oveinus nichardsoniu (Gray), Oveinus plagiostomus (Heckel) and Schizo- thorax progastus (McClell.), represent a Himalayan or sub-Hima- layan element; four species, viz. Exostoma labiatum (McClell.), Amblyceps mangois (H.B.), Barbus chola (H.B.), Danio aequipin- natus (McClell.) occur, among other places, both in Assam and Burma. Of these latter the rare species Exostoma labiatum had been previously reported only from the Mishmi country and from Burma. Seven species, viz. Barbus hexastichus, McClell., Barbus hexagonolepis, McClell., Barbus sophore (H.B.), Labio dyochilus (McClell.), Pseudechenets sulcatus (McClell.), as well as Danio aequipinnatus and Exostoma labiatum, show the prepon- derating Assamese (as distinct from Himalayan) character of the fish-collection from the Abor country. One young eel of two inches and a half in length, found under a stone in a stream at an altitude of 2000 ft., is very interesting; adult specimens of the same species were found in numbers buried in the mud of a stream at a lower altitude. The collection includes one species previously reported from Eastern Tibet only, viz. Exostoma davidt. This perhaps indicates some influence of the fauna of Eastern Tibet on that of the North-East Frontier of India. LIST OF THE SPECIES OBTAINED. Aborichthys kempi, gen. et sp. nov. Lepidocephalichthys guntea (H. B.). Discognathus lumta (H. B.). lO NA 244 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voru..ViEi. 4. Oveinus plagiostomus (Heckel). 5. O. richardson (Gray and Hardw.). 6. O. sinuatus (Heckel). 7. O. moleswortht, nov. 8. Schizothorax progastus (McClell.). 9g. Labeo angra (H.B.). 1o. L dyochilus (McClell.). 11. L. gonius (H.B.). 12. Cuirrhina reba (H.B.). 13. Barbus chola (H.B.). 14. B. hexagonolepis, McClell. 15. B. hexastichus, McClell. 16. B, sarana (H.B.). 17. DB. sophore (TH. B.): 18. B. spilopholus, McClell. 19>, 2B.,t2cto) (HB .)- 20, - B..toy (H: B.). 21. Nuria danrica (H.B.). 22. Rasbora rasbora (H.B.) var. kobonensis, nov. 23. Danio aequipinnatus (McClell.). 24. Amblyceps mangois (H.B.). 25. Clarias assamensis, Day. 26. Exostoma davidi, Sauvage. 27. E. labiatum (McClell.). 28. Macrones meritaniensis, nov. 29. M. montanus (Jetdon) var. dibrugarensis, nov. 30. M. tengara (H.B.). 31. M. vittatus (Bloch). 32. Pseudechenets sulcatus (McClell.). 33. Pseudeutropius atherenordes (Bloch). 34. P. garua (H. B.). 35. Saccobranchus fosstlis (Bloch). 36. Moringua hodgartt, nov. 37. Ophiocephalus gachua (H.B.). 38. Belone cancila (H. B.). 39. Ambassts ranga, L. 40. Badts badis (H.B.). 41. Nandus nandus (H. B.). 42. Osphromenus nobilis (McClell.). 43. Trichogaster fasciatus, Bl. Schn. Sub-order OSTARIOPHYSI. Fam. CYPRINIDAE. Sub-family COBITIDINAE. Aborichthys, gen. nov. The body is elongate, compressed at the sides and still more so at the caudal peduncle ; it has minute scales on the sides and back. 1913. ] B. L. CHaAupHURI: Fish. 245 The head and snout are naked and considerably depressed. The posi- tion of the lateral line is much higher than the middle of the sides, the depth of the body above it being almost half of the depth below it. The mouth is wide, inferior, surrounded by a cir- cular suctorial lip which is deficient in the middle below. There are three pairs of barbels, two on the snout and one at each side of the mouth. The eyes aresmall, without suborbitalspine. The gill open- ings are not restricted to the sides. The dorsal fin is short, with nine rays, and is situated behind the vertical from the anterior root of the ventral. The vent is situated very far forward, its distance from the root of the caudal being five-sixths to eight-ninths of its distance from the snout. The position of the pectorals and ventrals is very low, their lengths being very much shorter than the intervals between the root of each and that of the next succeeding fin. The anal fin is short, with seven rays. The air-bladder is entirely enclosed in a bony capsule open at the sides. The fonte- nelle between the frontal and parietal bones is not large. The intestinal canal is short and broad, forming only one loop. The new genus differs mainly from the two allied genera Nemachilus and Nemachilichthys, both of which are without sub- orbital spine, in having (1) the vent situated far forward close to the middle point, (2) the dorsal fin situated behind the vertical from the anterior limit of the root of the ventral fin, and (3) the lateral line much higher upon the body. Aborichthys kempi, sp. nov. (PiSvit, fies: 11a sb) The depth of the body is contained seven times in the total length, the length of the head five times. The head is depressed, and a little less than one and a half times as long as broad. The snout is a little shorter than the post-orbital part of the head. The eyes are small; their breadth is contained seven and a half times in the length of the head and is two-fifths of the interorbital width. The mouth is inferior, half as wide as the length of the head, and is surrounded by a circular suctorial lip, fringed in front and dilated into two fleshy knobs in the middle of the lower lip, where it is deficient. The two nostrils are separated by a thin partition, tubular below, open and tapering above. There are three pairs of barbels, two on the snout not superimposed but with a considerable interval between, and one at the side of the mouth; all are nearly equal, the maxillary being the longest and two and a half times the diameter of the eye. The covering flaps of the gill openings are continuous with the skin of the isthmus, leaving less than half the width of the ventral surface between. The lateral line is incomplete, ending in front of the vertical from the anterior part of the root of the ventral, and is less than one-fourth of the total! leneth; the distance of the lateral line from the dorsal profile is only half of its distance from the ventral profile. The scales are extremely minute and deciduous. 246 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL Vit Dorsal II '7, first entire, second articulated, rest branched; the origin of the dorsal is somewhat posterior to the vertical from the anterior part of the root of the ventral, its distance from the gill opening being twice the depth of the body. The dorsal is equidistant between the tubular nostril and the root of the caudal; the longest ray is two-fifths the length of the head. The positions of the pectoral and ventral are low; the length of the pectoral is nearly two-thirds of the distance between the roots of the pectoral and ventral while the length of the ventral is nearly half the distance between the roots of the ventral and anal. The vent is placed far forward, being equidistant from the post- orbital line and the root of the caudal, and twice as much nearer the root of the ventral than the anal. Anal II 5, short. The free portion of the caudal end of the body is one and two-thirds as long as deep. ‘The caudal fin is entire, longer than the length of the head and with its free end highly convex. The air-bladder is enclosed in a bony capsule open at the sides and covered with membranous skin only. ‘The intestinal canal has only one convo- lution and aloop below the muscular stomach on its right-hand side. Colour.—The head is marbled with round black and grey blotches and loops: the sides of full-grown specimens are striped— from the gill openings to above the anal fin—with dark brown trans- verse stripes 18 to 21 in number, inclined away from the head, on a yellowish white ground, the caudal peduncle being quite free from these transverse stripes. The stripes are broader at the top. become thinner gradually and disappear before reaching the ventral surface; in their broadest part they are only half as broad as the interspaces; the posterior ones are short, the last being less than half the depth of the body. The barbels, pectoral, ventral and anal fins, together with the ventral side of the body, are dull white; the dorsal fin is banded with dark brown spots and there is an irregular blotch at the upper corner of the root of the caudal. The caudal fin is beautifully banded with two broad black concentric curves, one about the middle which is somewhat blurred and deep and the other intensely black almost bordering the margin, but leaving a narrow white fringe. From the large series of young ones it has become possible to study the develop- mental changes in colouration and striping. In the young the dorsal and caudal fins are immaculate, but broad stripes are visible all over the sides of the body including the caudal peduncle. With the progress of age dark spots appear on the dorsal and caudal fins, and at the same time the broad transverse stripes on the sides of the body gradually get thinner and entirely disap- pear from the sides of the caudal peduncle. The dark spots on the dorsal and caudal fins are gradually arranged in banded series on the dorsal and into two beautiful broad concentric curves on the caudal fin. Three full-grown specimens from Egar stream between Renging and Rotung, collected by Mr. S. W. Kemp. Their regis- tered numbers in the Museum register and their total lengths with 1913.] B. L. CHAUDHURI: Fish. 247 the caudal are:—F. ™ (figured) = 93 mm., F. “7” = 100 mm., and F, “8 == 78 mm. (caudal damaged). Nine young specimens of all sizes from the same locality collected by Captain the Hon. M. de Courcy. ‘Two young specimens from the Dihang River (east side), near Yembung (alt. rt1oo ft.), and three young specimens from the Sirpo River near Renging, collected by Mr. S. W. Kemp. All the specimens were collected in the middle of the month of January, I9I2. Lepidocephalichthys guntea (H.B.). Dibrugarh. Sub-family CYPRININAE. Discognathus lamta (H.B.). Siyom River, below Damda, 1400 ft. Found in an Abor fish- trap. ‘There is also a young Discognathus (36 mm. with the caudal) from Yembung, 1100 ft. The chest of the young specimen is without scales; it probably represents the common Assam race of the species. p Dr. N. Annandale has published a note on some of the so- called species and local races of this genus from Assam and else- where (Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. ix, p. 36; 1913). He identt- fies the Abor specimens as probably Dzscognathus lamta subsp. nasutus (McClell.). Oreinus plagiostomus (Heckel). Yembung The anal opening is immediately in front of the anal fin. The species has been previously reported from Afghanistan, Kashmir and Bhutan. Oreinus richardsonii (Gray and Hardwicke). Yembung. ‘Two specimens in a very much damaged condi- tion. Oreinus sinuatus (Heckel). Yembung, alt. 1100 ft. The scales of the lateral line are more numerous than usual. Oreinus molesworthi, sp. nov. (Pl. vii, figs. 2, 2a, 20.) The body is compressed and its depth is contained four times in the total length. The length of the head is contained four and a half times in the total length, and the width of the head is five eighths of its length. The snout is broadly rounded. The eyes are nearer the end of the snout than the posterior border of the head; they are almost lateral and their diameter is contained five 248 Records of the Indian Museum EVOL. VIDE times in the length of the head. The interorbital width is slightly less than half the length of the head, and the width of the mouth is nearly two and a half times the length of the head. ‘The edge of the rostral flap is entire; on it as well as all over the snout there are numerous conical warts with pointed denticles. There is a narrow groove in front of the paired nostrils, the anterior nostril being fleshy andtubular. There are four barbels; those of the rostral pair are longer than half the diameter of the eye; those of the maxil- lary pair are partially concealed by the over-turned lower lip and are three-fourths of the diameter of the eye Both the lips are overturned to form a suctorial disk, the lower lip being more broken up. ‘The margin of the lower jaw is mounted with a hard horny covering and there is a narrow transverse groove at the anterior edge of the opercle in the lower three-fourths. Dorsal V 7. The first two spines are very small, almost like scales; the last spine is the longest and is less than the length of the head by one length of the diameter of the eye. It is strongly serrated with a double row of thirty teeth in each series. The upper edge of the dorsal is cut almost straight ; it is equidistant between the anterior orbital and the root of the caudal; in front of it there are sixty-four scales. The pectoral is less than two-thirds of the distance between the bases of the pectoral and ventral, and is slightly shorter than the length of the dorsal. The length of the ventral is equal to five-sixths of the interval between the bases of the ventral and anal. Anal II 5. The first branched ray is the longest ; it is as long as the ventral and does not reach the root of the caudal. ‘The caudal is deeply divided, and the caudal peduncle is one and a one-third times as long as deep. The head is smooth and the portion of the body behind the opercle and below the lateral line is scaleless and smooth down to half the length of the pectoral fin. The scales are minute and thickset over the rest of the body, those over the sheath enclosing the vent and the base of the anal being one and a half times as large as those in the middle of the body. There are 113 scales in the lateral line, =, in the transverse series, 14 between the lateral line and the ventral fin, and 42 round the caudal peduncle. Colour.—-The head and scaleless portion of the lower part of the side just behind the opercle are bluish grey, the rest of the body black with a deep bluish tint. The ventral and lower side of the paired fins is dull white, the rest of the fins grey with irregular dark blotches on the caudal. One specimen numbered F. us in the Museum register, measuring 202 mm. with the caudal, from Yembung, 1100 ft., collected by Mr.S.W. Kemp. The species is named after Captain A. L,. M. Molesworth of the 8th Gurkha Rifles. Schizothorax progastus (McClell.). The Siyom River below Damda, altitude 1400 ft., found in Abor fish-trap. Also one young specimen from the Egar stream I913.] B. L. CHAUDHURI: Fish. 249 between Renging and Rotung, measuring 36 mm., collected on the oth January, IgI2. The latter record affords some clue to the breeding season of this mountain barbel, for the young specimen was probably in its first year. It is interesting to note in this connection Captain F. H. Stewart’s remarks on the breeding habits of Schizopygopsis stoliczkae (Rec. Ind. Mus., vol. vi, p. 84). Labeo angra (H. B.). Yembung, Iroo ft. Two specimens, both in a damaged condi- tion. Both examples agree with Burmese specimens in lacking the black lateral band, but differ from them in being without the black blotches on the side of the tail. Barbels also are wanting, as in Burmese examples, in one specimen (F. “*); in the other, barbels are present as usual. Labeo dyochilus (McClell.). Yembung. Cirrhina reba (H. B.). Dibrugarh. Barbus chola (H. B.). Dibrugarh; four specimens. The customary dark blotch on the sides is entirely absent. In some a black spot and in others a black band is present on the dorsal fin. ‘The caudal fin is tinged with blue in the middle. Barbus hexagonolepis, McClell. Yembung, 1100 ft. One young specimen 60 mm. (without caudal) and another very young scarcely longer than 15 mm., probably only a month old. These specimens were collected between the 13th and the 17th January, 1912. The record gives an approximate idea of the breeding season and the rate of growth; the young specimen, 60 mm. in length, is likely to be a fingerling of a year’s growth. On the 17th January, Major Wilson caught an unripe female of a total length of 664 mm. (without caudal) weighing 15 fb. Barbus hexastichus, McClell. Yembung, 1100 ft. Three adult specimens much damaged and three young specimens in good condition In the adult specimens the eyes appear to be larger, and the dorsal fin longer than usual. In the young specimens the dark band along the lateral line ends in a black blotch in front on the root of the caudal fin. 250 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voy. VIII, Barbus sarana (H. B.). Dibrugarh. Barbus sophore (H. B.). From the stream below Balek. There are ten rows of scales in front of the dorsal fin instead of nine. Colourv—reddish brown. Barbus spilopholus, McClell. (Pl vit, figs. ©, ia, 10.) The body is deep and strongly compressed, its greatest depth, at the origin of the dorsal fin, is contained three and one-third times in the total length, the length of the head is a little over three and a half times. The snout is rounded, its length is con- tained two and one-fourth times in that of the head. The diameter of the eye is contained five times and the interorbital width two and a half times in the length of the head. The mouth is small and anterior. There are two barbels on each side, the anterior one and one-third times the diameter of the eye and the posterior one and a half times; the distance between them measures one and one-third times the diameter of the eye. Dorsal III 8, equidistant from the end of the snout and the root of the caudal; the last undi- vided spine isstrongly denticulated and the longest ray is two-thirds the length of the head. In front of the dorsal there are sixteen scales. Anal III 6. The posterior four rays are nearly equally elongated, they almost reach the root of the caudal and are one and one-third times the length of the anterior shorter rays. The caudal peduncle is nearly twice as long as deep. There are 46 scales in the lateral line, 6 between the lateral line and the ventral fin, . in the transverse line and 12 round the caudal peduncle. ‘Colour in life, as noted by Mr. Kemp ‘‘ general colour greyish, silvery below. Anal and posterior part of dorsal tinged with pink, caudal fin also tinged with pink, slightly bluish at extreme end, ventral side also pink.’’ The base of each scale is deeply marked with black, giving the characteristic spotted appearance. One specimen, 248 mm. in length with caudal, obtained at Kobo by dynamiting a pool in the Brahmaputra river. This species of McClelland was merged somewhat unfairly in the synonymy of Barbus chagunio (H. B.) by Day; probably he was misled by a casual remark in the descriptive lettering of plate xxxix of McClelland’s Indian Cyprinidae. McClelland corrected this mistake about ten years later in Cal. Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. v, p. 280. Moreover, Gunther in the Zoological Record for 1869 and subsequently in Proc. Zool. Soc. of 1872, p. 875, demonstrated the absurdity of the attempt to identify B. chagunio (H. B.) with an unpublished manuscript drawing of Hamilton Buchanan marked B. kunta. After this Day was compelled in a manner to admit the independent existence of Barbus spilopholus, but relegated it in 1913. ] B. I,. CHAUDHURI: Fish. 251 his ‘‘ Fishes of India” and in the ‘‘ Fauna of British India’’ to the position of a variety of Barbus chagunio (H. B.), which itself remained undetermined. As the specimen secured by Mr. Kemp happens to be an excellent example and as McClelland’s descrip- tion and figure were both imperfect and meagre, the present opportunity is taken to supply a short description and a figure of the species. Barbus tor ((H: B:)- An unripe female, 1245 mm. in length without caudal fin and weighing 52 lb, was caught by Major Wilson on 15th January, 1912, at Yembung. ‘This was the largest mahseer obtained on the expedi- tion. Barbus ticto (H. B.). Dibrugarh. The specimens have a reddish tinge on the abdomen, Nuria danrica (H. B.). Dibrugarh. The end rays (external) both of the pectoral and ventral fins are considerably elongated beyond the fin-membranes. Rasbora rasbora (H. B.) var. kobonensis, nov. (Pisvili ies 2) 2a.°20:) The depth of the body is contained three and three-quarter times in the total length, the length of the head three and a half times. The head is a little less than twice as long as broad, and the upper profile is slightly convex; the snout is three-fourths as long as the diameter of the eye, which is contained three times in the length of the head. The interorbital length is contained two and one fifth times in the length of the head. The mouth extends to below the anterior border of the eye; the lower jaw is prominent. The prominences on the jaws are well marked. Dorsal II 7, originating midway between the root of the caudal and the anterior border of the eye, the longest ray is nearly as long as the head. There are thirteen scales in front of the dorsal fin. Anal II 5, the longest ray being two-thirds the length of the head. The pectoral is pointed, shorter than the length of the head and also than the interval between the roots of the pectoral and ventral. The caudal is deeply forked and the caudal peduncle is one and one-third times as long as deep. The scales have numerous radiating striae, the lateral line is concave to the dorsal profile and is incomplete. Nineteen out of the thirty scales in the line are perforated, the series of perforated scales stopping just in front of the anal fin. There are 3 scales in a lateral transverse row and two between the lateral fine and the ventral fin; round the peduncle there are fourteen. 252 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL VELEE Colour.—The body is brown, with a broad black band run- ning along the middle of each side beginning from the corner of the mouth passing through the middle of the eye and body to the root of the caudal; the band extends to the middle of the caudal fin in two attenuated black lines. There is also a black line on the dorsal side from the occiput to the root of the caudal, and the margin of each scale is spotted with minute black points. ‘The fish resembles Rasbora vasbora (H.B.) more than Rasbora damcona (H. B.), except in having the middle band distinctly black, in- stead of being merely a faint streak. The new variety differs from both these species in having the lateral line incomplete, in the number of scales in front of the dorsal fin and in other particulars, including the proportions. One specimen, type of the new variety, numbered F. 1738 in the Museum register, was found at Kobo, 400 ft.: its length with caudal is 47 mm. Three specimens were taken at Dibrugarh. Danio aequipinnatus (McClell.). Yembung, alt. rrooft. Twelve specimens. The broad black band extends along the middle line to the caudal fin. Another damaged specimen which was received with this lot probably belongs to the same species but is a deeper fish. Fam. SILURIDAE. Amblyceps mangois (H.B.). Four specimens were found in a stream south of Yembung. One specimen is dark grey, the rest are dark brown, the usual colour of the species. Clarias assamensis, Day. Dibrugarh. Exostoma davidi, Sauvage. Between Rotung and Renging. ‘Two specimens only. The pectoral fins reach the root of the ventral. This species has previously been reported only from Eastern dibet: Exostoma labiatum (McClell.). Egar stream, between Rotung and Renging, six specimens. Previously reported from the Mishmi hills, Eastern Assam and Burma. Of the mandibular barbels the two internal ones, which are very small, are attached to the margin of the middle lobe of the overturned lower lip, but the outer pair are fairly long, attached to the skin of the isthmus outside the margin of the outer lobes. There is a broad dark brown band along the middle line from the operculum to the root of the caudal. 1913.] B. L. CHAUDHURI: Fish. 253 Macrones merianiensis, sp. nov. (PEs is figs. ie ta, 10:) The depth of the body is contained four and a half times in the total length, the length of the head five times. The eye is situated in the middle of the head, its diameter is contained three and a half timesin the length of the head, one and a half timesin the length of the snout and one and a quarter times in the interorbital length. The width of the mouth is equal to the inter-ocular width. The lips are fimbriated ; there are villiform teeth on the jaws. The barbels are thin and slender, the nasal is one-third the length of the head; the maxillary barbels are longer, five-sevenths the length of head; the outer mandibular is one-fourth the length of ' the head and nearly double the length of the inner. Dorsal I 7, entirely in advance of the vertical from the root of the ventral fin and twice as distant from the root of the caudal as from the end of the snout. The spine of the dorsalis perfectly smooth and measures three-fourths the length of the head; the second ray is the longest and is quite as long asthe head. The pectoral fin nearly reaches the root of the ventral, its spine is as long as and stronger than that of the dorsal and is strongly denticulated on the inner side. The anal opening hasa fimbriated margin and is nearer to the root of the ventral than to the anterior root of the anal. The ventral fin reaches the anal papilla close to the anterior end of the anal fin; the anal papilla is thick and produced into a short filament. ‘The distance of the anal opening from the root of the caudal is four-fifths its distance from the snout, and its distance from the anterior base of the ventral is one-fourth its distance from the anterior root of the anal. ‘The adipose fin is midway above the root of the caudal and the end of the dorsal, slightly longer than the length of the head and as high as half the diameter of the eye. The caudal peduncle is nearly twice as long asdeep. The caudal finis deeply forked, the lobes being equal and twice as long as the undivided base. The air-bladder is osseous and is placed behind the gill-opening, com- municating with the outside by a thin membranous covering. Colour in spirit—head greenish grey, body deep brown varie- gated with markings: a broad but faintly black band extends from the back of the neck obliquely to the middle line, another irregularly broad but deeply black band extends from the anterior root of the dorsal fin to the middle line, and a broad deeply black blotch extends from below the adipose fin to the middle line. The fins are dull white, with a deep black blotch on the outer upper half of the dorsal fin. This species resembles Macrones affinis (Blyth) more than any other species in the genus, but differs from it in having a shorter head and longer snout, longer maxillary barbels and a smooth spine in the dorsal, and also in having the adipose fin situated further back. Blyth’s type-specimen was from Tenasserim. From a pond at Mariani junction, Assam. Type specimen numbered F. 7°! in the register of the Indian Museum: length 73 mm. with caudal. 254 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor VIII, Macrones montanus (Jerdon) var. dibrugarensis, nov. (Plix, ties, 20.20.) The depth of the body is contained four and one-eighth times in the total length, the length of the head three and three-quarter times. The eye is slightly in front of the middle of the head; its diameter is contained four and a quarter times in the length of the head, one and a half times in the length of the snout and one and three-quarter times in the interorbital length. The upper jaw is slightly protruding, villiform teeth are present on both jaws. The nasal barbel is longer than half the length of the head and reaches the post-orbital region; the maxillary barbels reach the middle of the caudal peduncle and are thrice as long as the length of the head; the outer mandibular reaches the end of the pectoral and the inner mandibular reaches the root of the pectoral; the inner mandibular is two-thirds the length of the outer mandibular. DorsalI 7. The last rays are just over the vertical of the ventral fin, the distance of the anterior base of the dorsal from the snout is three-fourths of the distance of the posterior root from the caudal ; its spine is perfectly smooth on both sides, and is nearly half the length of the head. The pectoral spine is one and a half times as long as the dorsal spine; it is strongly denticulated on the inner and feebly serrated on the outer side. The margin of the anal opening is lobulated; itis situated quite close to the root of the ven- tral. Theend of the ventral if laid along the body reaches down to the anal papilla close to the anterior base of the anal fin. The distance of the anal opening from the root of the caudal is two- thirds of its distance from the snout; the distance of the anal papilla from the root of the caudal is just half its distance from the snout; the distance of the anal opening from the anterior base of the anal is three times its distance from the root of the ventral; the dis- tance of the anal papilla from the root of the ventral is three times its distance from the anterior root of the anal. The anterior end of the adipose fin is a little in front of the vertical from the anterior base of the anal, and ends in a raised lobe above the posterior base of the anal fin. The length of the base of the fin is contained five and one-eighth times in the tota] length. The caudal is deeply forked; the lobes are equal and widely apart, the length of the lobe being three times the length of the undivided base. Colour.—Head grey, dorsal side dark brown, body brownish. The membranous covering of the air-bladder behind the gill opening is black, and a black line from above this membrane extends through the middle of the side to the middle of the root of the caudal fin, ending in a black circular blotch. The barbels are black, except the inner mandibular, which, with the fins, is dull white. Dibrugarh. Type specimen numbered F. register ; total length with caudal 68 mm. 7795 : in the Museum 1913. | B. L. CHAUDHURI: Fish. 255 Macrones tengara (H. B.). Kobo and Dibrugarh. In some cases the maxillary barbels reach beyond the anal fin. In some specimens the longitudinal bands cannot be distin- guished. Macrones vittatus (Bloch). Mariani, Assam. ‘Two specimens. The tips of the anal, ventral and dorsal fins are dark. The maxillary barbels reach beyond the anal fin. Pseudecheneis sulcatus (McClell.). Yembung, roo ft. This species has previously been reported only from Darjiling and the Khasi Hills. Pseudeutropius atherinoides (Bloch). Dibrugarh. Six specimens. These specimens lack the collections of black spots forming longitudinal bands. ‘The anal fin has more numerous rays than usual. Pseudeutropius garua (H. B.). Dibrugarh. Saccobranchus fossilis (Bloch). Dibrugarh. Two longitudinal yellow bands extend along the middle of each side. The caudal fin is injured. Sub-order APODES. Fam. MORINGUIDAE. Moringua hodgarti, sp. nov. (Pit ix. fies: 3730230.) The length of the head from the snout to the gill opening is contained eleven and one-quarter times in the distance from the snout to the vent; the length of the tail is contained three times in that distance (from snout to vent), and four and one- quarter times in the total length. The height of the body is contained one and a half times in the length of the head. The eyes are rather high up, very small, immediately behind the posterior nostrils and right above the opening of the mouth. The upper jaw is slightly the longer. The interorbital length is slightly shorter than the length of the snout. The length of 256 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vannes the head is contained three times in the distance between the end of the snout and the apex of the heart. The gill openings form two oblique slits on the ventral side as far behind the cleft of the mouth as the end of the snout is in front of it. The teeth are uniserial, directed backwards and pointed. The dorsal and caudal fins are slightly developed, confined to the posterior one-third of the tail and continuous with each other. There are no pectorals. Colour.—Muddy grey, the ventral side being slightly lighter. Upper Rotung, alt. 2000 ft. Five adult specimens from the streams reserved for drinking purposes, found buried in the mud, total lengths from 220 mm, to 182 mm. One young specimen, found in a small branch of a shallow stream in Upper Rotung, under a stone, is only 62 mm. in total length. The occurrence of such a young specimen in a shallow hill stream is extremely interesting. Sub-order PERCESOCES. Fam. OPHIOCEPHALIDAE. Ophiocephalus gachua, Ham. Buch. Yembung, 1100 ft.; Balek and Dibrugarh. Fam. SCOMBRESOCIDAE. Belone cancila (H.B.). Dibrugarh. Black patches are wanting. The longitudinal band does not extend quite up to the eye. Sub-order ACANTHOPTERYGII. Division—Perciformes. Fam. SERRANIDAE. Ambassis ranga (H. B.). Dibrugarh. Fam. NANDIDAE. Badis badis (H. B.). Kobo, 400 ft.; also from a stream below Balek. The Balek specimen has two distinct round black blotches on the dorsal fin—one at the commencement and the other at the end, but the specimens from Kobo have only one black blotch near the posterior base of the dorsal fin. Nandus nandus (H. B.) Dibrugarh. 1913.] B. L. CHAUDHURI: Fish. 237 Fam. OSPHROMENIDAE. Osphromenus nobilis (McClell.). Dibrugarh. Every specimen has a black light-edged ocellus on the upper part of the base of the caudal fin. The superbranchial respiratory organ is well developed. The Assam streams appear to be a favourable habitat for the genus, and O. olfax (Com.) would be likely to prove more successful in them than in Southern India, where several attempts have been made to acclimatize that species. The indigenous Indian species of the genus is confined to Assam. Trichogaster fasciatus, Bl. Sch. Dibrugarh. a: Ti be Py s ZAP Cale Tee a LA i 7 a eet h! Ate be z fs seine os iy aka ea ae 2 eee rates AChR BS ane {tek aint ag bevinll be TEOtL Ae EEE, Vi Mee Jouianhr (CeiG is eats cif |: ; : at eae iy (fet ae oo eS y HEP tO) paditark of Reine Lv igfenl es aaa = lt aye tog: ‘yeep Eg att fee F ais } ‘ gaa ALN nae Poitiers ea. ba tenG LAL cree (tit FA irk AAS ay EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. . 1.—Aborichthys kempi, gen. et sp. nov. 1a.— 2 = dorsal view of head, X 14. 1b.— 7 3 ventral view of head, X 14. 2.—Oreinus moleswortht, sp. nov., X %. are x dorsal view of head, X 2. 2D == tes s ventral view of head, x 2. Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. VHI. 1918, (Abor Exp.) A.C.Chowdhary. del. Plate VIL Bemrose [t¢. Derby. Faroe ABOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. , 1.—Barbus spilopholus, McClell., * 4. Ia.— ,, a dorsal view of head, x #. 1bh— ,, > ventral view of head, x 4. 2.—Rasbora rasbora (H. B.) var. kobonensis, nov. 2a.— 2b.— © ‘ a - ie ,, dorsal view of head, X 13, 1 1 aP a », ventral view of head, x 14. Plate VIll. Rec. Ind. Mus,, Vol. V1, 1918, (Abor Exp.) se lgsh be Since RY XY ra (0 Xr sy ae mt ans cant Ny Me Ry Sh OO ee oy . wn a’ . an = EERE REN, Bahia 04.04 None see Bs »y yy e BOOOx ei Stenes 4, 4" RMD ‘ Mad Yoav ¢ aa ohn 4 2 Bemrose It4 Derby. A C.Chowdhary re a aaa eae A435 ne ¥ Pe ie og Vi eo : Ae a ba EXPLANATION, OF -PLATH Ix, Fic, 1. —Macrones merianiensis, sp. nov. », 1a— a 5 dorsal view of head, x 14. », 1b6.— ns 5 ventral view of head, X I3. », 2.—Macrones montanus var. dibrugarensis, nov. >» 24.— a 8 ,, dorsal view of head, x 14. 5» 2b.— ee 5 ,, ventral view of head, x 14. 3.—Moringua hodgartt, sp. nov. Pe Orgies | are +) 29 upper jaw, x 3: 3b.—- ~ = lower jaw, X 3. - Rec. Ind. Mus,, Vol. Vill, 1913, (Abor Exp) pete 1X. A.C.Chowdh Cel! Be It4 Derby. * see aed ABOR FISH. ca ade! BG 2 Sas 5 SD RS By E. C. STuAarRT BAKER. In addition to the birds collected by Mr. Kemp on the Abor Expedition, I have had sent me for examination a large series of skins collected by Dr. J. M. Falkiner, who accompanied the column as Medical Officer, as well as a few others collected by Capt. F. M. Bailey. The skins obtained by Mr. Kemp are all in the collection of the Indian Museum, and bear numbers which I give, prefixed by the abbreviation “‘I.M.’”’ The remainder of the skins bear the catalogue numbers of the Bombay Natural History Society, and against these specimens I note the catalogue numbers together with the letters ‘‘B.N.H.S.” The whole of these latter have been collected by Dr. Falkiner, with the exception of a few against which I have given in brackets the initials F.M.B. (Capt. Bailey). The names of Capt. Sir George Duff Dunbar and Capt. the Hon. M. de Courcy, who appear also to have collected a few specimens on be- half of the Indian Museum, are also added in some instances. The total number of skins I have had to examine is 192 which are referable to III species; a not inconsiderable number when one takes into account the great difficulties under which the collectors worked and the impossibility of collecting at any dis- tance from the camps or stockades. As might be expected from the nature of the expedition, the birds collected are for the most part species which are conspicuous either on account of their plumage or their habits and the small skulking birds of the Time- liine groups, the Wrens and similar insignificant forms, amongst which we might have hoped to obtain a new species, are very poorly represented. Of the 111 species collected all belong to the true Indo-Hima- layan avifauna with the exception of Cryptolopha jerdont, which is closer to the eastern than the western form, Aethopyga seheriae seheriae, the specimens of which are curiously like those collected in Bhamo and separated by Hume under the name of andersoni, and Sitta cinnamoneoventris which shows an approach to S. neglecta. The specimens obtained of the genera Megalaema and Cya- nops, Pitta, Myophoneus and Fetrophila, which might have been expected to show some slight approximation tothe Burmese forms, are all quite typical specimens of the western races. On the whole, therefore, we may say that the collection of birds is representative of what one would have expected to find in the Indo-Himalayan-Burmese Region; but that they are more completely Himalayan and less Burmese in character than are similar collections made south of the Brahmaputra in the same longitude or even further west. 260 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL-V TLE A very striking feature in this collection of birds is the very deep tint observable in the colour of so many of the specimens, attribut- able, doubtless, to the heavy rainfall and dense forests of this part of India. This depth of colour is especially noticeable in all the specimens of Sturnopaster, Megalaema, Harpactes and Rhopodytes, whilst in the case of Rhipfidura albicollis I have considered it so marked as to make it necessary to form the north-eastern bird into a new subspecies. One other point calling for remark is the comparatively low elevation at which certain birds, such as Chelidorhynx, have been found. ‘This feature is common to the whole of the extreme north-east of Assam, where one meets with a fauna, and I believe flora, which elsewhere obtains at some 1500 or 2000 feet higher elevation. This may be due to the comparatively small area covered by the foot-hills between the higher ranges, upon which there is heavy snow-fall, and the plains. This naturally gives a correspondingly low temperature and the avifauna elsewhere in- habiting a much greater elevation here consequently works much lower down and even well into the plains. In compiling the following catalogue I have generally given references to only two works, the ‘‘ Avifauna of British India ’”’ by Oates and Blanford and the ‘‘ Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum.’’ ‘The abbreviations I have used in referring to these are ‘-O..& BV and? BAM SCat\ respectively: I have in one or two places also referred to Dr. Hartert’s recent work ‘‘ The Birds of the Palaearctic Region’’ published in Germany. This is the latest publication on the subject and is one mass of information and research put in the simplest and most direct manner, and I refer to it as the authority upon which the sub-specific value of many of our Indian birds must be taken. The abbreviation used for this book is *‘ D.V.P.’’ (Die Vogel der Palaark- tischen Fauna). The following abbreviations are also used on one or two occasions :— “ B.N.H.S.J.’’=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society and ‘‘ N.Z.’’=Novitates Zoologicae. I have to thank the British Museum authorities for much assistance In placing material at my disposal for the purpose of comparison and for constant help in facilitating my work generally. Order PASSERES. Family CORVIDAE. Sub-family CORVINAE. 1. Cissa chinensis (Bodd.). Ovand Be voliap.2c: Be M. Cat.. vol: mi, p65; 1913.] E. C. Stuart BAKER: Birds. 261 (a) #, Sadiya, N.-E. Assam, 28ii-1r. I.M. No. 25271. (b) Not sexed. Rotung, March, 1912. B.N.H.S. No. 18. (c) Not sexed. Mishmi Hills, Jan.—Feb. Ig12. B.N.HS (F.M.B.). This beautiful but conspicuous bird is common both N. and§S. of the Brahmaputra from the level of the plains to about 3000 feet. 2. Dendrocitta frontalis (Maclell.). Ov and. By; voles, ‘ps 33- iB. Me Cat. vols tips 78. (a) 2, Kobo, 400 ft., I-xii-1z. I.M. No. 25287. The Black-browed Magpie is generally to be found at eleva- tions far higher than this, seldom, indeed, below 2000 ft., but here in the extreme N.-E. of the Empire, it is common both N. and S. of the Brahmaputra in the foot-hills of the Himalayas extending some way into the plains. Dr. H. N. Coltart found it common at and around Margherita. Sub-family PARINAE. 3. Parus major cinereus (Vieill.). O. and B., vol. i, p. 46. B. M. Cat., vol. viii, p. 16. Hartert, D.V.P., part ili, p. 345. (a) @#, Kobo, 400 ft., ro-xii-11. I.M. No. 25351. Dr. Hartert, in his splendid work on Palaearctic Birds, has gone very carefully into the sub-division and nomenclature of the Titmice of this genus, Parus, and this particular sub-species of Parus major which we, in India, have hitherto known as atriceps will now have to be known as cinereus. ‘The name cinereus (Vieill.) dates from 1818 and not 1823 as shown by Oates and so un- doubtedly has priority over atriceps, which dates four years later. The specimen in this collection is a bird with a wing of 78°I mm, Sub-family PARADOXORNITHINAE. 4. Scaeorhynchus ruficeps ruficeps (Blyth). Ov and B.,vol-4, p: 68. B. M. Cat.; vol. vii, p. 491. Hartert, N.Z., vol. vii, p. 548. (a) Unsexed. Rotung, March 1912. B.N.H.S. Non 7. 262 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.. VIII, This bird is identical with Sikkim specimens, having a wing of only 85 mm. as against 90°95 mm. in the form found in the hills south of the Brahmaputra. The under surface is very white with the buff on the sides restricted entirely to the flanks. Family CRATEROPODIDAE. Sub-family CRATEROPODINAE. 5. Dryonastes ruficollis (Jard. and Selby). Ovand By volanip.73: B. M. Cat., vol. vii, -p. 454. (a) Not sexed. Rotung, 1400 ft., 7-ii1-12. I.M. No. 25310. (b) «~, Kobo, 400 ft., 29-iii-12. I.M. No. 25282. (c) Not sexed. Misshing, 2000 ft., Feb. 1912. BN.HsS) NOe2 i 6. Garrulax leucoiophus leucolophus (Hardw.). Ovand By wvol.t-.p. 775 BoM, Cat-.svolewilsap. 435: (a) o, Rotung, 2-1-12. I.M. No. 25281. (b) Not sexed. Rotung, March 1912.. B.N.H.S. No. 29. (c) ¢ ,Krolling, Dibang Valley, Mishmi Hills, 14-i-12. B.N.H.S. (F.M.B.) All three of these specimens are quite typical leucolophus and do not in any way approach the Burmese sub-species belangert. ‘““Tris reddish brown, bill black, gape yellow, legs grey. Mishmi name Puhu, Naga name Ngo.” (F.M.B.) 7. Garrulax moniliger (Hodg.). anGeoen VOle it “ps 1oks . M. Cat., vol. vii, p. 442. oo@) (a) @, Kobo, 400 ft., 13-xii-1z. I.M. No. 25256. 8. Grammatoptila striata austeni (God.-Aus.). Ov and B-, voli, p. 104. (a) and (b) Not sexed. Between Kalek and Missh- ing, I5—18-iti-12. I.M. Nos. 25306 and 25307. (c) Not sexed. Misshing, 2000 ft., Feb. 1912. B.N. H:S:Nos.o: These birds are all austen, but this is merely a sub-species of striata and a specimen of the latter from Kumaon in the B.M 1913.) E. C. Stuart BaKer: Birds. 263 collection shows distinct signs of the dark coronal bands, the feature which distinguishes awstent from striata. South of the Brahmaputra throughout the Cachar and Naga Hills only austend is met with, and it would appear to work as far west on the north as Bhutan and perhaps into Eastern Nepal. g. Pomatorhinus ferruginosus (Blyth). Ovand. b.. vol. Lop. 120. B. M. Cat., vol. vii, p. 422. (a) @#, Upper Rotung, 2150 it, 6112. IM. No. 25262. This is unfortunately rather a poor specimen, but it appears to have the rufous on the breast a good deal more restricted in extent than in any of the series in the British Museum. Sub-family T7MELIINAE. 10. Pellorneum mandellii (Blanf.). O.and B., vol. 1; p. 140: Be M. Cati,'vol. vip: 518: (a) 2, Kobo, 400 ft., 1o-xii-11. I.M. No. 25261. The so-called Burmese sub-species, P. m. minus, must I think be suppressed. Many years ago when working in the N. Cachar Hills, where P. mandellit mandellit was the usual form met with, I was constantly also obtaining birds which appeared to be nearer minus than mandellit, and often there would be one of a pair, one of which was minus and the other of which was a quite typical mandellit, The same thing occurs in the Khasi and Naga Hills where the two extremes are almost equally common and where every intermediate form exists. Again, in the Southern Shan States, though, perhaps, there are more minus than mandellit , yet the latter is quite common, and specimens which cannot be said to be either one or the other are even more so. In order to create a sub-species it is essential that there should be some dividing line either in latitude, longitude or in elevation, but all that can be said as regards this species is that the form mandellii is the more prominent in the north and minus in the south and east of its range. The specimen in this collection is a very dark bird with the streaks on the lower plumage exceptionally dark and broad. 11. Alcippe nepalensis (Hodg.). ©; andsBe volo, p:157- Be MM Cat. voli vii, p.620. 264 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. VIII, (2) 9), “Upper” Rotung; -2150' ft. 9 9G-1-12 5 ae No. 25323. (6) o#, Upper Rotung; 2150: it. 13-11-12.) LM No. 25340. 12. Stachyris nigriceps (Hodg.). Ofand sb, Vola ap. 202. BewesCat.; volvil, p. 532: (a) Not sexed, Rotung, Dibang Valley, Mishmi Hills, 2500 ft., 9-1-12 (F.M.B.). As I have already recorded, Hume was quite correct in stating that the bill of this bird has a seasonal change of colour becoming much darker during the breeding season. 13. Stachyris chrysaea (Hodg.). Oand By volsi, p. 103: BM. Cat. volsvil,p: 6or. (a) Rotung, Dibang Valley, Mishmi Hills, 2500 ft., Q-i-I2. “Tris reddish brown; legs yellowish; bill dark grey. Mishmti name Pra-li-ne or Pe-ma-ra.”’ (F.M.B.) During the breeding season the bill of the male, but not of the female, becomes very dark brown. 14. Pseudominla castaneiceps (Hodg.). OF and BY ovols i pier B. M. Cat., vol. vii, p. 600. (a) Not sexed. Between Kalek and Misshing, I5—18-i1i-12, I.M. No. 25370. Sub-family BRACHYPTERYGINAE. 15. Tesia cyaniventris (Hodg.). Oand: BA wolai; pe Loe: B. M. Cat., vol. vii, p. 604. (a) o, Balek, 24-11-12. I.M. No. 25332. Sub-family SITBIINAE. 16. Sibia picaoides (Hodg.). Os and: Br volerisp. 105: B. A..Cat., vol. wiip. 401: (a) @, -Misshing,.2800 (ft. eb, s109n2)) 9 BIN eee No. 6. 1913.] E. C. Stuart BAKER: Birds. 265 (b) Not sexed. Misshing, 2800 ft., Feb. 1912. B.N. H.S. No. 50. (c) Not sexed. Between Kalek and Misshing, 15—18- iii-r2. I.M. No. 25266. (d) o, Upper Rotung, 21-i-12. I.M. No. 25278. All four of these specimens are somewhat darker, and also have less of a reddish tinge than the specimens in the British Museum. At the same time the latter skins which are nearly all from the Southern Shan States are mostly old specimens and the oldest are palest and most red, so that, possibly, the difference is due only to their having become somewhat bleached. It must be noted, however, that in being so dark in colouration Szbia picaordes merely agrees with the general trend in the plumage of the birds of these hills. 17. Lioptila annectens (Blyth). O. and B., vol. i, p. 199. B. M. Cat., vol. vii, p. 80. (a) Not sexed. Misshing, 2800 ft., Feb. 1912. B.N. H:S. No. 35. The elevation is somewhat low for Blyth’s Sibia, but I have seen it quite as low down in the N. Cachar Hills in winter and nearly as low as this in the Khasi Hills. It extends north of the Brahmaputra River from Sikkim to Karennee, meeting its southern range—which extends throughout the Khasi, Garo, Cachar and Naga Hills—to the east of Dibang and the Dihang Rivers. I can see no variation in its colouration throughout this wide area. 18. Lioptila pulchella (God.-Aus.). © and: Be-volsa, p.200: B. M. Cat., vol. vii, p. 407. (a) Not sexed. Kalek, 19-i1i-12. I.M. No. 25269. (b) ““o@, Indoling, Dibang Valley, Mishmi Hills, 4-i1-I2, about 4500 ft. Bill black, legs greyish brown, soles yellow.’ (f.M.B.). In these two specimens the whole of the cheeks, ear-coverts and patch behind the latter are black. This appears, however, to be only an individual variation for the series collected by Godwin- Austen in the Naga and Dafla Hills have the ear-coverts, etc., ranging from brown with. practically no sign of black to wholly black. 19. Actinodura egertoni egertoni (Gould). Oxand-B-Volut = p.208, Ban. Cat volkiviti"p: 403: (a) Not sexed. Rotung, March rg1z2. B.N.HS. No. 46. 266 Records of the Indian Museum. { Voy. VIII, (b) ‘©, Bipani, Dibang Valley, Mishmi Hills, 18- i-12. Bill brown, lower mandible yellowish, legs brown, iris grey. Naga names Nya-si or Ko-yu.” (F.M.B.). 20. Siva cyanuroptera (Hodg.). O. and B., vol. i, p. 209. B. M. Cat., vol. vii, p. 640. (a) @, Kobo, 400 ft., 11-xii-11. I.M. No. 25355. This is the lowest elevation from which this bird has been recorded, though Dr. H. N. Coltart got it in the hills round about Margherita at little over 1000 ft. Generally speaking it is never found below 2000 ft., and but seldom below 3000 ft. 21. Ixulus occipitalis (Blyth). and. a5. Wile ter ake ; MaGat! iol. vit-pc O13: KO (a) o , Rotung, 1400 ft., 7-i-12. I.M. No. 25316. (b) Not sexed. Rotung, March 1912. B.N.H.S. No. 33. 22. Ixulus flavicollis (Hodg.). and B: volajep.216: ANE Catt svolifvil A p20r2: WO 5) (a) @#, Komsing, 24-1i-12. I.M. No. 25333. Sub-family LIOTRICHINAE. 23. Liothrix lutea (Scop.). OandsB:; vol. sep .220. B.. M; Cat.) vols vilup: 1644: (a) @ , Rotung, 8-i1-12. I.M. No. 25345. (b) @, Rotung, I-i-12. I.M. No. 25346. (c) Not sexed. Misshing, 2000 ft., Feb. Ig12. B.N. HS: Nois27.- (d) Not sexed. Misshing, 2000 ft., March 1912. B.N. H.S..Noa28. 24. Cutia nepalensis (Hodg.). O) and B. vol-1; ps 222: B. M. Cat., vol. vii, p. 646. (a) and (b) Not sexed. Between Kalek and Misshing, 15—18-iii-12. I.M. No. 25303 and 25265. (c) Nowdata. —B.N.E SNe. 15. I9I3.] E. C. STUART BAKER: Birds. 207 Although none of these birds are sexed they are all undoubtedly males. 25. Pterutheus melanotis (Hodg.). O;.and: By velisinps 226. Be Nie Cate syvol-vitls p. Fr: (a) Between Kalek and Misshing, 15—18-iii-12. I.M. No. 25326. Although this bird is not sexed it is undoubtedly a female. 26. Chloropsis hardwickii (Jard. and Selby). OF and DB: vol.1, p. 236 Be ivE; Catz; vol.vil pais: ) @, Rotung, Io-xii-rr. I.M. No. 25258. ) 2, Rotung, 13-xii-1r. I.M. No. 25201. ) @, Rotung, r8-xii-1r. I.M. No. 25350. ) No data. I.M. No. 25375. ) and (f) Not sexed. Rotung, Match 1912. B.N. H.S. Nos. 23 and 48. Specimen (b) which is marked @ is really a young @, (c) is a young vin juvenile plumage. (a (b (c (d ( é 27. Melanochlora sultanea (Hodg.). Oy and’ Be vol. 1, p- 247. Bet: Cat.-val,-villp-.0. (a) o, Rotung, 9-iii-12: I.M. No. 25268. (b) Not sexed. March 1912. B.N.H.S. No. 22. The second specimen is also a male. Sub-family BRACHYPODINAE. 28. Criniger flaveolus flaveolus (Gould). ©: and Bi, vol. i, p:'255. BNE Cate, vols vi, p77: (a) o, Kobo, 8-xii-11. I.M. No. 25293. (b) and (c) Not sexed. Rotung, March 1912. B.N.H.S. Nos. 43 and 45. All three of these specimens are typical flaveolus and show no approach to the Burmese form C. f. burmanicus. 29. Hemixus flavala flavala (Hodg.). O- and B. volzi, p= 263. Be vie-Cat. vol. vi,-p- 49: 268 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.. VIII, (a) @, Rotung, r4oo ft., ro-iii-12. I.M. No. 25267. (6) o@, Rotung, 2-i-12. I.M. No. 25295. (c) @, Bipani, Dibang Valley, Mishmi Hills, 2100 ft., © 16-i-12 (F'.M.B.). ‘“Bill grey, feet light horn. Mishmi name Echo-chi. Naga names Kurkapa or Gasha-totai.”’ (f.M.B.). As with the Criniger so with this Hemixus, there is no trace of any approach to the Burmese forms, though in this case we should hardly expect it as the Himalayan forms extend well into Northern Burma. The specimens, however, are all three rather exceptionally dark though I can match them with birds from Cachar and the Khasi Hills. 30. Hemixus maclellandi maclellandi (Horsf.). Ovand Be -volsi- p..205.- Bo M:-Cats volYvt,: p50: (a) Not sexed. Misshing, 2000 ft., Feb. 1912. B.N.H.S. No. 40. The single specimen obtained of this species agrees exactly with Sikkim and Nepal birds. 31. Alucurus striatus (Blyth). Oxand:B.,- vol. No, 25382. (6) @ , Rotung, 1400 ft., Io-iii-12. I.M. No. 25314. (c) @, Sadiya, N.-E. Assam, 25-xi-11. I.M. No. 25363. Over the whole of the extreme N.-E. of the Indian Empire, throughout the western hills of the Assam Valley and Cachar, and the Miri, Dafla and Sub-Himalayan ranges to the north of the Brah- maputra, the grey-headed Flycatcher-Warbler cannot be said to be either typical xanthoschista or jerdoni, and the birds of the Abor Hills come, as might be expected, into the same category. The three specimens as far as one can tell—one specimen has practically no feathers on the head—in this collection are on the whole nearer jerdont than xanthoschista. The two sub-species are very close together and the intermediate range over which the indefinite form extends is greater than the two extremities over which one finds specimens which are easily determined. The Kashmir and Hazara birds appear to be all xanthoschista, and the birds of Eastern Assam, 1913. ] E. C. STuaRT BAKER: Birds. 271 Chittagong, Manipur, Arrakan and the Shan States are all typical jerdoni, but over the whole of the immense intervening country it is really hard to say to which race they are most closely allied. 43. Abrornis superciliaris (Tick.). ©xzad.b vol iesps 420; BM; Catz, vol. iv, p: 402: (a) Not sexed. Rotung, r4oo ft., I2-iii-12. I.M. NO: 25313: 44. Abrornis albigularis (Hodg.). O. and B., vol. 1, p. 430. B. M. Cat., vol. iv, p. 405. (a) @, Rotung, 1400 ft., no date. I.M. No. 25315. Family LANIIDAE. 45. Lanius tephronotus (Vigors). On and’ B», vol. 1. 405. BoM, Cats, volsvilt, p..260: (a) 92, Kobo, 4oo ft., r1-xii-1r. I.M. No. 25254. (6) Not sexed. Misshing, 2000 ft., Feb. Ig12. B.N.H.S. No. 24. Both of these specimens are immature with the under-surface considerably barred and the eye-streak undeveloped. Specimen (b) also has the tail coverts strongly barred; but (a), though the younger bird of the two, has these latter immaculate. 46. Hemipus capitalis (Maclell.). Onandeb.-vols 1, p::472: Be.Me Cat). vol. iil, p. 306, (a) @, Rotung, r4oo ft., 11-11-12. I.M. No. 25319 47. Pericrocotus speciosus (Lath.). Ovand-By, “volt, py 479: BoM. Cats-volkave p72: Stuart. Baker, B N.H.S.J., vol. xvii, p. 794. (a) &, Kobo, 400 ft , 9-xii-11. I.M. No. 25352. (b) @, Rotung, March 1912. B.N.H.S. No. 52. (c) #, Misshing, 2000 ft., Feb. 1912. B.N.HS. No. 55. These three Minivets are extremely interesting specimens and strongly bear out what I have already noted in the Bombay 272 Records of the Indtan Museum. [VoL. VIE Natural History Society’s Journal in reference to the impossibility of distinguishing between sfeciosus and fraterculus. In this case we find that No. 25352 is a most typical speci- men of the eastern form which was named fraterculus by Swinhoe in the Ibis for 1870, and which Oates in the ‘ Avifauna’ accepted as a good species. This specimen is quite typical fraterculus as defined by Oates; the colour is a very rich red, the whole of the outer webs of the central tail feathers red and the wing of 3°85” though the tail is exactly 4”. The two birds sent to the Bombay Society by Dr. Falkiner are on the other hand equally typical specimens of sPeciosus ; No. 52 has but little red on the outer tail feathers whilst No. 55 has none, the wing measurement of both is 4°15 and the two tails measure respectively 4'4 and 4:2. Nor does this mean that there is a very wide area over which the two races are indefinite whilst easily divided forms are found on either side of the area, for I have seen specimens from southern Burma which are more spectosus than fraterculus, and others again from Nepal which are more fraterculus than speciosus. From the same flock of birds, I have myself more than once obtained specimens referable to the two species, whilst the majority of specimens are half way between the two. I am of opinion that the name fraterculus must be reduced to a synonym of sfeciosus, and that it cannot rank even as a sub-species. 48. Pericrocotus solaris (Blyth). Ov ang? B: voli... 485. Bi Ms Cat.; wolsiv; ip: 82: = (a) @, between Kalek and Misshing, 15—18-ili-12. I.M. No. 25368. This specimen agrees with others in the British Museum in having the under parts rather more richly coloured than is the case with the skins from Sikkim and Nepal. The difference, how- ever, is very slight and not altogether constant and is insufficient ground for creating a new sub-species. 49. Graucalus macii macii (Less.). O. and B., vol. i, p. 496. BM Cath volkiv:, pia: (a2) &, Sirpo, 21-iii-12. I.M. No. 25280. This is an extraordinarily large bird with a wing of 7°t. The Ceylon bird of this species is very small with a wing averaging very little over 6” and is worthy of being made a sub-species; it would bear the name /ayardi of Blyth which, though given to a young bird under the impression that the markings of immaturity were those of a new species, is the first name given to a Ceylon bird and will therefore stand. Birds from southern India are a I9I3.] EH. C. STUART BAKER: Birds. 273 good deal smaller than those from northern India, but grade into them and thence through North Burma into an equally small form in South Burma. Sub-family ARTAMINAE. 50. Artamus fuscus, Vieill. O. and B., vol. i, p. 498. Be Me Cat. volts; parr (a) 2, Kobo, 400 ft., 29-iii-12. I.M. No. 25356. Family ORIOLIDAE. 51. Oriolus melanocephalus (Linn.). ©.:and"B;, vol. i; p: 506: Be MaCat, vol iiip.2n5: (a) @, Kobo, 6-xii-rr. I.M. No. 25297. This is a young bird with the forehead still yellow and the black of the wings well edged with greenish. 52. Oriolus trailii (Vigors). OP and-B., vol: 1, px508. BoM: Cat, vol. 1p? 222. (a) Not sexed. Morsing, I0o0 ft., 27-i-12. I.M. No. 25273. This bird, although not sexed, is undoubtedly a young female. Family STURNIDAE. 53. Sturnopasta contra (Linn.). ©: and Bs vole, p542: Bro. Cat. vols sais pe 57: (a) #, Sadiya, N.-E. Assam, 28-xi-rr. I.M. No. 25260. This Myna as far as the supercilia and the markings on the forehead are concerned shows no approach, as might have been expected, to the Burmese sub-species superciliaris. Itis, however, as is the case with so many birds in this N-E. corner of India, of a remarkably dark colouration, the back being practically a glossy black with little or no tinge of chocolate in it. There is unfortu- nately but one specimen collected, which is, however, matched with another from Dikrang in the Museum collection; had there been a series all showing the same depth of blackness, it would certainly have formed a good sub-species. A further series—they 274 itecords of the Indian Museum. [Voy. VIIE, should be easy enough to procure—should be obtained as soon as possible. Family MUSCICAPIDAE. 54. Siphia? (Bechst.). Qv and Bi vol.aigip. 0: Bas Cats volsav: pal Ox. (a) @ , Sadiya, 25-xi-rr. I.M. No. 25335. This little Flycatcher is almost certainly Szphia albicilla, which is very common both north and south of the Brahmaputra throughout Assam in the winter. S. parva has not yet been found in the eastern part of Assam. 55. Cyornis hyperythrus (Blyth). O-andB?, vols a }p. 15: B. M. Cat., vol. iv, p. 206. (a) #, between Kalek and Misshing, 13—-18-i11-12. I.M. No. 25327. 56. Stoparola melanops (Vigors). and B., vol. ii, p. 28. aE. Cat volvo. 430° (a)2 como ‘data. beN.H.o- No. 26: Bb] oo @) 57. Culcicapa ceylonensis (Swain.). wand ‘Be, Vole diy sp. 30: .M. Cat., vol. iv, p. 360: co@) (a) o, Upper Rotung, 2150 41, 6-12 No. 25322. (b) Not sexed. Misshing, 2500 ft., Feb. 1912. B.N.H.S. No. 31. 58. Niltava sundara (Hodg.). wang be, VOle th. (py 4k. . M. Cat., vol. iv, p. 463. WO (a) o, below Damda, 2-11-12 (A. Molesworth). I.M No. 25371. 59. Niltava macgrigoriae (Burton). wand: B., vol) wip. 42: ME Catrevolline ip -atO5: co® (a) #, Rotung, 1400 ft., 10-iii-12. I.M. No. 25311. (0) o, Rotung, r4oo ft., 31-xii-11. I.M. No. 25348. 1Q13.] " E. C. Stuart Baker: Birds. 275 60. Hypothymis azurea (Bodd.). O. and B., vol: i1,.p: 40: Be M. Cat. wol. ‘iv..p--277- (a) #, no data. B.N.HS. No. 54. 61. Chelidorhynx hypoxanthum (Blyth). O-and Be. vob 1b p.5 Baw -Cat vol. iv, .270- (a) #, Rotung, 1400 ft., 4-iii-12. I.M. No. 25317. (b) Not sexed. Kobo, 400 ft., 8-xii-rr. I.M. No. 25349. (c) Not sexed. Misshing, 2000 ft., Feb. 1912. B.N.H.S. No. 19. (d) ~, Bipani, Dibang Valley, Mishmi Hills, 2100 ft., 18-i-12 (F.M.B.). ‘Bill: upper mandible black, lower yellowish; legs brown, iris dark. Naga names Pongking-lo or Bang-ho-go.’’ (F.M.B.). This little bird was once supposed to be a Flycatcher of high elevations only, but Mr. H. Stevens found it was comparatively common at the foot of the Dafla Hills in winter and Dr. H. N. Coltart obtained it at the foot of the hills near Margherita; there is nothing surprising therefore in its being found as low as 400 ft. at Kobo. ‘The fact of its having been obtained by each collector at so many places upon this expedition shows that it must be comparatively common throughout the Mishmi, Dafla and Abor Hills. 62. Rhipidura albicollis kempi, sub-sp. nov. Ov ands: Volt ais p; 53: Be Me Catz -voleiv 9. 317: (a) #, Rotung, 7-11-12. I.M. No. 25342. (b) Not sexed. Kobo, g-xii-r1. I.M. No. 25353. (c) 7, Upper Rotung, 2150 ft. I.M. No. 25358. These three specimens are very interesting, their extremely dark colouration at once attracting notice when laid amongst a large series of birds from south of the Brahmaputra. It is exactly matched by a specimen from the Dikrang Valley, in the same district at the foot of the Abor Hills, and is approached by some of the more eastern Nepal skins and by a few from Sikkim. In addition to being darker in colour there is less of a brown tint in the plumage of the Abor birds, the grey black portions showing more as deep ashy than as deep brown. The dimensions do not differ from those of the typical sub-species The range of the two sub-species would appear to be as follows :— 276 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, R. albicollis albtcollis. Central Provinces, Bombay, Deccan, western, central and eastern Bengal and northern Orissa; Behar and northern Bengal and Assam, south of the Brahmaputra Valley, but running up into the Duars west of the Teesta Valley. The whole of Burma except, perhaps, the hill ranges to the extreme N. W. and Cochin China. R. albicollis kempt. Eastern Nepal, the Dafla, Mishmi and Abor Hills; Assam from Goalpara in the west to Dibrugarh in the east, north of the Brahmaputra on the hills between Assam and Burma. I have named the bird after Mr. S. W. Kemp, the Zoologist in charge of the zoological work of the expedition, who appears personally to have collected all three specimens obtained. Family TURDIDAE. 63. Pratincola torquata przewalskii (Pleske). Pratincola maura, O. and B., vol. ii, p. 61. B. M. Cat., vol. iv, p. 188. Hartert;.D:V.P43p.700: (a) #, Kobo, 400 ft., 1-xii-1r. I.M. No. 25354. Not a very good specimen and therefore it is not easy to say to which of the numerous sub-species, now admitted, this specimen belongs, but it appears to be nearest przewalski1. 64. Henicurus schistaceus (Hodg.). ©. and" B:; vollil,-p. 84: Ba MeCat., volivil, p- 316: (a) #7, Yembung, 1100 ft., 15-11-12. IM. No. 25337. (5) 7, Rotung, 7-iii-t2. I.M. No. 25341. 65. Henicurus leschenaulti (Vieill.). Ov and: Bs -vol.aiap. 8b: B. M. Cat., vol. vii, p. 313. (a2) #, Misshing, 2000 ft., Feb. 1912. B.N.H.S No: ra: 66. Mlicrocichla scouleri (Vigors). O. and B., vol. ii, p. 88. B. MCat..-vols-vii “pp? 322% (a) 2 , Yembung, r1oo ft., £5-ii-12. I.M. No. 25336 67. Chimarrhornis leucocephalus (Vigors). O. and B., vol. ii, p. 89. B.M. Cat.; vol. vii; p:°47. 1913.] E. C. STUART BAKER: Birds. 277 (a) » , Yembung, r100ft.,15-iii-12. I.M.No. 25290. (6) Not sexed. Misshing, 2000 ft., Feb. r912. B.N.H.S. No. 20. 68. Ruticilla frontalis (Vigors). OFandeBs, voli, px ok Be hrCatss volves paso: (a) Not sexed. Rotung, March I912. B.N.H.S. No. 39. This specimen is an unmistakable male. 69. Ruticilla aurorea leucoptera (Blyth). O=and:- By. vol-it, p.g3: B. M, Cat., vol--v, p- 345- Plattert: Divo Ps peg: (a) Not sexed. Rotung, March t1912. B.N.H.S. No. 38. This Redstart also is a male. ‘The sub-species to which it belongs is undoubtedly leucoptera. 70. Rhyacornis fuliginosus (Vigors). O. and B., vol. ii, p. 98. BoM Cat:) vol.-ivip.253- (2) 2, Rotung, 7-11-12. I.M. No. 25338. (b) Not sexed. Between Kalek and Misshing, 15— 18-iii-I2. I.M. No. 25367. (c) Not sexed. Between Kalek and Misshing, 15— 18-i1i-12. .I.M. No. 25369. (d) Not sexed. No data. B.N.H.S. No. 47. Specimen (b) is a female, (c) and (d) are males. This little Redstart is, of course, very common right into the plains wherever the rivers and streams run clear and fast. 71. Ianthia rufilata (Hodg.). O. and B., vol. ii, p. 106. Bele-Cats volliv,p.250: (a) &, Endoling, Dibang Valley, Mishmi Hills, about 4500 ft., 4-ii-12 (F.M.B.). ‘‘ Tris dark brown, bill and legs black” (F.M.B.). This is a young male, not tully adult. 72. lanthia hyperythra (Blyth). O. and B., vol. ii, p. 108. BevMe Cat) vol. tv; ps 257- 278 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, (a) », Upper Rotung, 5-i-12. I.M. No. 25359. (b) @, Bipani. Dibang Valley, Mishmi Hills, about 21oo ft., 17-i-12 (F.M.B.). ‘‘ Bill black, feet very dark brown, iris dark. Naga name Aching-yon or Tsen-tsen-gi.”” (F.M.B.). This Bush Robin has hitherto been found according to present records only in Sikkim and the Khasi and N. Cachar Hills. Dr. Coltart, however, procured it in Margherita and I have received it from Nepal and the Bhutan Hills above Kamrup, so that the present record practically links it up with the hills south and east. 73. Cittocincla macrura macrura (Gmel.). O2and Br: volt praiies B. M. Cat., vol. vii, p. 85. (a) o, Kobo, to-xii-rz. I.M. No. 25264. 74. Myiophoneus temmincki temmincki (Vigors). O; and’ B., vol. 4,.p.-178. BB MiiCat:, vol evil p.c7e (2) Not sexed. Komsing, 25-1i-12. I.M. No. 25277. It is possible that this genus is not even now placed in its proper position. It certainly should be placed amongst the Turdidae as it is a true Thrush in every way, but exactly where it should go it is difficult to say. Possibly it should be placed some- where near Grandala and Notodela together with Brachypteryx and Drymochares which must also be withdrawn from the Timeliidae and placed amongst the Turdidae. The present specimen is a typical ¢emmincki and quite distinct from the Burmese sub-species eugenit. 75. Merula ruficollis (Pail.). O. and B., vol. ii, p. 130. B. M. Cat., vol. v, p. 269. (a) @ , Balek, 23-11-12. I.M. No. 252096. (b) 2, Misshing. Feb. 1912. B.N.H.S. No. 30. (c) @, Misshing. Feb. 1912 B.N.HS. No. 49. Specimen (a) appears to be a male Hartert (Die Vogel Palaarktischen, p. 659 et seq.) considers M. atrogularis to be a sub-species of rujicollis, but I cannot make out where these two sub-species overlap, and I look upon them as perfectly good species always easily distinguished one from the other and having much the same range and migration even if not the same breeding area. The red-throated Ouzel visits the ex- treme north eastern part of the Indian Empire in enormous numbers in the cold weather and I have seen it in flocks of hun- 1913.] EK. C. Stuart BAKER: Burds. 279 dreds in Margherita. It appears not to migrate in company with atrogularis and not to follow the same main routes. Thus to the extreme east in Tezpur, Sadiya and Dibrugarh, one will get at least ten ruficollis to one atrogularis, whilst in North Cachar the exact reverse is the case. 76. Petrophila erythrogastra (Vigors). O..and B., vol. il; p. 143: Bem Cat. , -woltiws p.3325- (a) Not sexed. Upper Rotung, 2150 ft., Jan. IgI2. I.M. No. 25309. (M. de Courcv). This bird is a o& in full adult plumage. 77. Petrophila solitarius pandoo (Sykes). Ovand- BS voli, p.-146; Baw. Cat. svoliv, pi sie: Martert i V.b.-p. 675. (a) Not - 'sexed.~ “Misshing, 2000 ‘it., Feb. 1912. BN-ELS2]Non32. This bird is also a male and is a fairly typical specimen of the western solitarius. Hartert unites Petrophila with Monttcola but, for the present at all events, I prefer to keep them distinct. ‘Family PLOCEIDAE. Sub-family VIDUINAE. 78. Uroloncha acuticauda (Hodg.). O. and B., vol. 11, p. 184. B. M. Cat., vol. xiii, p. 356. (a) ?, Balek, 26-jii-12. I.M. No. 25334. Family FRINGILLIDAE. Sub-family FRINGILLINAE. 79. Haematospiza indica (Gmel.). O. and B., vol. ti, p. 209. Biv Cato volo snitrp? 397. (a) and (b) No data. B.N.H.S. Nos. 41 and 36. It is very unfortunate that these two fine finches are without data, for it would have been most interesting to know at what elevation they were obtained as hitherto they have never been found much under 5000 ft. Their being obtained in the Abor Hills links up the two places Nepal and Sikkim in the west and the 280 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VIIT, Khasi Hills in the east from which the bird has so far been recorded. 80. Passer rutilans cinnamomea (Gould). O. and B., vol. 11, p. 240. B. M. Cat., vol. xii, p. 325. Hartert, D.V.P., p. 162. (a) Not sexed. Kalek, Ig-iii-12. I.M. No. 25365. (6) Not sexed. Kalek, 1G-iii-12. I.M. No. 25364. Specimen (a) is a male and specimen (b) is a female. Hartert (Joc. cit.) shows that cinnamomea is only a sub-species of rutilans, described from Japan by Temminck in 1829. He (Hartert) also makes a sub-species of the Nepal Cinnamon Sparrow under the name debilis, on the grounds of its smaller size, 7.e. a wing of 7o— 73 mm. as against 77—79 mm. in cymnamomea. Family HIRUNDINIDAE. 81. Cotile sinensis (Gray). QO. ands... volo sp3273: B. Mo Cat. vol. paoa: (a) 2, Rotung, 1400 ft., 2-1-12. I.M. No. 25321. (6) Not sexed. Kobo, 30-iii-12. I.M. No. 25328. This little Martin is mof a sub-species of riparia, differing not only in colouration but also in the comparative length of the wing and tail, as well as in not having the curious tuft of feathers which riparia always has at the back of the tarsus. Moreover, their breeding ranges overlap as well as their areas of winter migration, for riparia also breeds within Indian limits. Family MOTACILLIDAE. 82. Mbotacilla alba ocularis (Swin.). O. and B., vol. ii, p. 289. B> MoCats wok xp .-471- (a) Sadiya, N.-E. Assam, 25-xi-11. I.M. No. 25362. I am very doubttul as to the propriety of reducing this species to be only a sub-species of alba. The eye-streak, the distinguish- ing mark of this Wagtail, is always present, even in young birds, and there does not appear to be any overlapping of the two forms. 83. Anthus trivialis maculatus (Hodg.). O. and B., vol. ii, p. 304. BoM Cat. volo p-/547- (a) Not sexed. Kalek, 19-iii-12. I.M. No. 25330. 1913.] E. C. Stuart BAKER: Birds. 281 (b) "Not sexed... Kobo} 400" ft., 9-xii-rr. EM. No. 25357. ; (c) Not sexed. Misshing, 2000 ft., Feb. 1912. B.N.H.S. No. 14. All of these specimens are true maculatus, and here again it is doubtful whether the differences between maculatus and trivialis are not more than sub-specific. Both birds breed in the Himalayas it is said, though it is not beyond doubt that ¢rivialis does so. 84 Anthus richardi richardi (Vieill.), O. and B., vol. ii, p. 307. B. M. Cat., vol. x, p. 564. (a) 2, Sadiya, in cleared ground, 25-xi-r1, I.M. No. 25361. Family NECTARINIIDAF. Sub-family NECTARINIINAE. 85. Aethopyga seheriae seheriae (Tickell). © and. Bi vol. ais p: 348: SBM Gat. 5 vol.ixs py 18 (a) Notsexed. Pasighat. Nodate. I.M. No. 25377. This bird, a male in full plumage, agrees well with Oates’ andersont, but one would not expect this Sunbird, since suppressed, to appear in this region, his birds having been obtained in Bhamo. The specimen obtained is in a very battered condition, but a good series might well prove interesting ; the wing is only about 2°1”. 86. Aethopyga saturata (Hodg.). Ov and By -vol-sit, p. 354. Be Me Cat-o vole 1x. 15: (a) o , Rotung, 2-1-12. I.M. No. 25347. (b) o , Balek, 26-iii-12. I.M. No. 25366. (c) Not sexed and no data. I.M. No. 25374. (2) Not sexed *Heb: 1972)" B.N-H.S. No: 4. (e) No data. B.N.H.S. No. 34. Specimens (c) and (d) are males and (e) an adult female. Sub-family ARACHNOTHERINAE. 87. Arachnothera magna (Hodg.). @=andsB:; voltvti,, pi-309: BaMeCat., 1x. pko5. 282 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo1r. NITE; (a) Rotung, r1o-iii-12. I.M. No. 25343. (b) Rotung, 8-11-12. I.M. No. 25344. Family PITTIDAE. 88. Pitta nepalensis nepalensis (Hodg.). O. and B., vol. ii, p. 389. B. M. Cat., vol. xiv, p. 414. (a Not sexed. Rotung, 1400 ft., 8-iii-12. I.M. No. 25301. (b) No data. B.N.H.S. No. 51 (Dunbar). On specimen (b) Sir George Duff Dunbar has the following interesting notes: ‘‘ The Abor name for this bird is ‘ Pajuk.’ It appears in their mythology as one of the earlier mates of Tamnt, the first man, who married the creatures of the forest from the leech upwards in search for a wife. This bird possessed the objection- able habits of the Harpy which dissolved this particular partner- ship. At last the Sun gave him a woman. The Hill Miris are known to have a similar legend.’’ Order PICI. Family PICIDAE. Sub-family PICINAE. 89. Gecinus chlorolophus (Vieill.) Ofand Bea vol. iti np. 2s. B: M. Cat. vole xvill, p50: (a) Not sexed and no data. B.N.H.5S. No. 42. The specimen obtained is a male. go. Chrysophlegma flavinucha (Gould). Ofand-B. vol. iisp..26- B. M. Cat:, vol. xviii, ‘p. 127- (a) Not sexed. Between Kalek and Misshing, 15— 16-iii-12. I.M. No. 25308. This specimen is a male. gt. Gecinulus grantia (Maclell.). O:and’B;,- voli iit; p.30- BoM, (Gat cvol. xvilie-pen34e (a) Not sexed. Rotung, March t912. B.N.H.S. No. 13. 1913.] E C. Stuart BAKER: Birds. 283 g2. Dendrocopus macii macii (Vieill.). Ovand. B.f vol. iit paso: B. M. Cat., vol. xviii, p. 260. (a) 2, Kobo, 4oo ft., r-xii-11. I.M. No. 25263. (b) 2, Rotung, 1400 ft., 13-11-12. I.M. No. 25320. Specimen (a) is really a male and has been wrongly sexed. Both these specimens are typical macii whereas in the Khasi Hills I obtained D. m. atratus. Several birds, however, got by myself on their nests both in Gauhati and Dibrugarh were all maczv. 93. Pyrrhopicus pyrrhotis (Hodg.). Oj, and:-B?, vol.iit, piso: B. M. Cat., vol. xviii, p. 380. (a) Not sexed. Between Kalek and Misshing, 15— 18-ili-12. I.M. No. 25274. This specimen is a male. Sub-family PICUMNINAE. 94. Sasia ochracea (Hodg.). Oy and> B., vol. at, py77.- B. M. Cat., vol. xviii, p. 555. (a2) Not sexed. Rotung, March 1912. B.N.HS. No 7. Family CAPITONIDAE. 95. Megalaema marshallorum marshallorum (Swinhoe). O. and B., vol. iii, p. 84. Bali Cat. xiit p53: (a) 2, Rotung, 1400 ft., 2-i-12. I.M. No. 25276. This specimen has the upper back, scapulars and lesser wing coverts a duller, darker maroon-brown than any specimen in the British Museum, and there are also practically no pale streaks on the upper back. ‘The skin is a fairly good one and the differences do not appear to be in any way due to faulty skinning, at the same time it is hardly safe to create a sub-species on the strength of this single specimen. In measurements it agrees with the normal bird. 96. Cyanops asiatica asiatica (Lath.) Ovande Bs vol:-111, p. 92: ibe Meaty Vol. xix. 62. 284 Records of the Indian Museum. _[Vot. VITI, (a) @», Kobo, 400 ft., 9-xil-11. I.M. No. 25275. (b) @ , Rotung, r4oo ft., g-ili-12. I.M. No. 25255. (c) #, Rotung, 1400 ft., 13-iii-12. I.M. No. 25292. Like so many birds in this humid corner of India all three of these specimens are rather darker than most specimens from else- where, but none of them show any trace of the rich red markings of C. a. rubescens from the higher ranges of North Cachar and the Khasi and Naga Hills. 97. Cyanops franklini franklini (Blyth). OFand Bs-voll asp. 196: BoM iCats vol-txixesp769. (a) #, Komsing, 24-ii-12. I.M. No. 25299. (6) Not sexed. Rotung, March 1912. B.N.HS. No. 25. (c) Not sexed. Rotung, March 1912. B.N.H.S. No. 37 (d) Not sexed, Misshing; 2000. ft;;- Heb: s1on2: B.N.H.S. No. 53. All these four birds are typical franklint and show no approach to the Burmese C. f. vamsayt. Order ANISODACTYLI. Sub-order MEROPES. Family MEROPIDAE. 98. Melittophagus swinhoii (Hume). Osand By 4volviil co. br. B: M: Cat.) vol2xvil,p.155- (a) #, Kobo, 400 ft., 29-iii-12. I.M. No. 25360. Sub-order UPUPAE. Family UPUPIDAE. 99. Upupa epops indica (Reich.). Ossands Ds Voli paron. Bs MaCatsiwolsxwvis p: 10: (2) No data. B.N.H.S. No. 12. This is a very large bird, the wing being nearly 5°8” (147°3 mm.) but there is practically no white on the crest, there being only a tinge of this on one or two of the longest feathers. ‘The bill is over 2” (52°20 mm.) from front to tip. The breast and under parts are typical indica. 1913.] E. C. StuART BAKER: Birds. 285 Order TROGONES. Family TROGONIDAE. 100. Harpactes erythrocephalus (Gould). O. and B., vol. iii, p. 200. B. M. Cat., vol. xvii, p. 448. (a) No data. B.N.HS. No. 5. (b) Not sexed. Rotung, March 1912. B.N.H.S. No. 16. (c) Not sexed. Rotung, March Ig12. BUN EES. No. 44. All three of these specimens are males. No. 16 is very much darker above than either of the other two, which are about equal to the average bird. Had all three been as dark as this bird, it would certainly have been justifiable to consider it a new sub- species, and this is rather a good example of the danger of making new species or sub-species from a single specimen. Family CUCULIDAE. Sub-family PHOENICOPHAINAE. 101. Rhopodytes tristis (Less.). Ofand"B: vol. ii; p.232- BEM, Cate volaxix, pr38G; (a) No data. B.N.H.S. No. 2. This specimen, with which most unfortunately there is no data, is a very dark bird and has the chin and throat almost con- colourous with the breast, instead of very decidedly paler as is usually the case. ‘The forehead also is very dark and the striae well developed, whilst the whole prevailing tint of the plumage is not only darker but is of a purer grey and less suffused with rusty than any other specimen I have ever seen. There is a good series of this Cuckoo in the British Museum, but this Abor bird is quite different to any of them and should subsequently obtained speci- mens prove to be like it, it will certainly require to be raised to a sub-species. The plumage of Rhopodytes does not vary with the seasons though, of course, newly moulted birds are darker and brighter than birds just about to moult whose feathers have be- come slightly bleached. Io2. Centropus sinensis (Steph.). O-and Be volar, p:.230. Bae Cat. vol: xix, p. 343. (a) No data. (M. de Courcy). I.M. No. 25376. 286 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. VIII, 103. Centropus bengalensis (Gmel.). O. and B., vol. iii, p. 243. Be Ve Cat. svolssx kp: ia52: (a) Not sexed. Abor Hills, 16-iii-r2. Collected by Capt. M. de Courcy. Order PSITTACI. Family PSITTACIDAE. 104. Palaeornis fasciatus (Mull.). O. and B., vol. ili, p. 256. B.-M..Cat..; vol. xx, p:.464. (a) 2, Kobo, 400 ft., 29-iii-t2. I.M. No. 25289. This specimen has been wrongly sexed for it is an undoubted male. Order ACCIPITRES. Family FALCONIDAE. Sub-family FALCONINAE. 105. Buteo desertorum (Daud.). Oz and B., vol: p:-393: B. M. Cat., vol. 1, p. 180. (2) No data. B.N.H.S. No. 8. This bird is evidently a male with a wing of 14°5” (265°4 mm.). 106. Tinnunculus alaudarius alaudarius (Linn.). O. and B., vol. iii, p. 428. Baw Cate“ volow ps4 a5: (a) 2°, Sadiya, 26-xi-11. I.M. No. 25298. This is a somewhat worn specimen with faded plumage, but appears to belong to the migratory form. Order COLUMBAE. Family COLUMBIDAE. Sub-family CARPOPHAGINAE. 107. Ducula insignis insignis (Hodg.). QO. -and. B.;-voliv,, p25. BoM Cat.5 vol. scx, pero: 1913.] E. C. Stuart BAKER: Birds. 287 (a) Not sexed. Pasighat, 600 ft., no date. I.M. No. 25372. (b) Not sexed. Kobo, 400 ft., 5-xii-rr. I.M. No. 25272. These specimens are quite typical insignis, showing no ap- proach to D. 1. griseicapilla as do a good many of the birds on the south of the Brahmaputra and in the Surma Valley. Order GALLINAE. Sub-order ALECTOROPODES. Family PHASIANIDAE. 108. Gallus ferrugineus (Gmelin). © and:B-, vol: iv; p.74: Be Me Cats, Vol. Xxilp.. 344. (2) #, Yembung, 1100 ft., 17-ii-12. I.M. No. 25284. (6) 2, Yembung, rroo ft., 19-ii-12. I.M. No. 25294. (c)\ ov, No data, B.N.H-S.. No, 1. (Q)-o 2No data. b.N-H-S: No. 3: 109. Arboricola rufigularis rufigularis (Blyth). Ox and Be. vols iv 5p: £20: Ba MipeCat. ivol. xxi p22 52: (a) Not sexed. Between Kalek and Misshing, 15— 18-i1i-12. I.M. No. 25302. This specimen is a quite typical rufigularis, not intermedia, and has a very well-developed black band below the rufous gorget. I have already noted (B.N.H.S. Journal, vol. xi) that ¢ntermedia is but a sub-species of vufigularis, and that in the hills south of the Brahmaputra many specimens are intermediate between the two races. Order LIMICOLAE. Family CHARADRIIDAE. Sub-family TOTANINAE. 110. "‘Totanus ochropus (Linn.). O.,and ) Plate XVII. Rec. Ind. Mus,, Vol. VIl1, 1918. (Abor Exp.) Aq49q°0)|09 ‘asosweg aou ‘ds “1ADYNODAG (SNOSINVLOd) NOWVLOd ‘Tp Areypmoyy gw OVO" ¥V “S 33 EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII. Potamon (Potamiscus) aborense, sp. nov. . 4.—Right half of the carapace in dorsal view, X 23. 5.—Abdomen of the same specimen. Potamon (Potamiscus) sikkimense, Rathbun. 6.—Abdomen of the variety described by Alcock from Nepal. 7.—Abdomen of a typical specimen. 8.—Left half of the carapace of a typical specimen in dorsal NiCW,. X53° Potamon (Potamiscus) obliteratum, sp. nov. 9.—Right half of the carapace in dorsal view, X 2. ga.—Third maxillipede. Potamon (Geotelphusa) adtatretum, Alcock. 10.—Left half of the carapace in front view, X 4. 11.—Chela and carpus in lateral view. 12.—Carpus viewed dorso-laterally. Potamon (Geotelphusa) adiatretum var. lophocarpus, nov. 13.—Chela and carpus in lateral view. 14.—Carpus viewed dorso-laterally. Potamon (Geotelphusa) superctliosum, sp. nov. 15.—Right half of the carapace in front view, x 2. 16.—Carapace in dorsal view, nat. size. 17.—Chela and carpus of the same specimen, a male, nat. size. 18.—Carpus viewed dorso-laterally, nat. size. Rec. Ind. Mus,, Vol. V1li, 1913, (Abor Eacp:) Plate XVII. RS Lh, ET aN N Bay é 7 f, Oh ge S.C. Mondul, AC.Chowdhary, del. Bemrose, Ca}to., Derby. ABOR POTAMONIDAE. ar) Mobe hat = ce i , 9 bs Be EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX. Palaemon hendersont, de Man. Fic. 19.—Anterior part of carapace, etc., in lateral view, X 23. 20.—Anterior part of carapace, etc., of another specimen, dorsal view, X 2. 21.—Second peraeopod of adult male, x 14. ,» 22.—Denuded fingers of the same limb, further enlarged. 5, 23.—Apex of telson. 2) +3 Caridina webert, de Man, var. ,, 24.—Lateral view of a specimen of the race inhabiting the Brahmaputra river system. », 25.—Anterior part of carapace, etc., of the same specimen. Plate XIX. Rec. Ind. Mus,, Vol. Vill, 1913, (Abor Exp.) *Aqsag “01109 ‘@soswag “SS ‘ava ‘URW 9P “|HAGIAM VWNIGIYNVO ‘SGZ-vz ‘URW ®8P ‘INOSYSAGNAH NOWAV1Vd ‘€z-6l ‘Pp Ateypmoyy Jy ‘IMpuoyy Q'S t . The S . 7 s Vie “ , 4KO USE Be O MONA Wir ere a pay aby One AG. | EXPLANATION OF PLATE XxX. Caridina webert, de Man, var. Fic. 26.—Part of first peraeopod of a specimen of the race in- habiting the Brahmaputra river system. 27.—Part of second peraeopod of the same specimen. 28.—Part of fifth peraeopod of the same specimen. ~~ Caridina hodgarti, sp. nov. 29.—Part of first peraeopod. 30.—Part of second peraeopod. 31.—Part of fifth peraeopod. Caridina excavata, sp. nov. 32.—Part of first peraeopod. »> 33.—Part of second peraeopod. 34.—Part of fifth peraeopod. 35.—Apex of dactylus of fifth peraeopod, further enlarged. Rec. Ind. Mus, Vol. VI, 1913. (Abor Exp.) Plate XX. 5 | : AL. Chowdhary, del. Bemrose, Colle, Derby. APPENDAGES OF CARIDINA. ene EXPLANATION. OF PLATE XX Caridina excavata, sp. nov. Fic. 36.—Lateral view of one of the type specimens. 5, 37-—Anterior part of carapace etc. in dorsal view. Caridina hodgartt, sp. nov. ,, 38.--Lateral view of one of the type specimens. ,, 39.—Anterior part of carapace etc. in dorsal view. a Plate XXL Rec. Ind. Mus,, Vol. VI], 1913, (Abor Exp.) Agi3aq -9)[09 'asoswa’ r:] Aou ‘ds ‘|LYVOGOH VNIGIYUVD ‘6E ‘ge aou ‘ds ‘ VLVAVIOXA VNICGIYVD ease SS ae BP ‘Azeypaouy gv iLS s2eee fa = 4-222 a ~ XXI. ORTHOPTERA, I: TETRIGINAE (ACRIDIINAE). By Dr je ie Hancock, FES. (Plate xv.) Of the twenty-five specimens of these small Orthoptera ob- tained by Mr. Kemp on the Abor Expedition, ten species are represented, four of which are new. List OF SPECIES. . Scelimena india. . Criotettix maximus, sp. nov. Crietettix orientalis, sp. nov. Thoradonta spiculoba. Coptotettix indicus. Coptotettix tunudus, sp. nov. . Coptotettix parvulus. . Coptotettix nullipennis, sp. nov. . Euparatettix parvus. . Euparatettix tenurs. OO CONTI DAUNFWNH Lal Genus Scelimena, Serv. 1. Scelimena india, Hance. Hancock, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 219, 1907. Two specimens found ‘‘ under stones,’? Rebang Stream above Pang-i, 4000 ft., Jan. 16, 1912 (Kemp). The male type !, from which the original description was drawn, is from Cherrapungi, Khasi Hills, Assam. The female, which is one of the pair found on the Abor Expedition, measures: entire length of body 23 mm.; pronotum 22°5 mm.; posterior femora 9 mm. In this species the pronotum anteriorly bears a tubercle on each side, and the first joints of the posterior tarsi are only slightly dilated in comparison with other species. Genus Criotettix, Bol. 2. Criotettix maximus, sp. nov. (Picxvechesrt , 14.) Resembling C. extvemus, but slightly larger; coloured fuscous, obscurely pale mottled. Vertex subnarrower than one of the eyes; frontal costa arcuate between the antennae, and slightly protuberant, divided above the paired ocelli, moderately sulcate below the insertion of the antennae, wider than exiremus. Pronotum deplanate, dorsum uneven, rather rugose and granose, 1 In the author’s collection. 212 Records of the Indian Museum. EVore Vis the posterior process lengthily extended backward beyond the hind femoral knees, the base subnodulose; median carina very low and undulate; lateral lobes deflexed and armed with acute trans- verse spines. First articles of the posterior tarsi narrow, not at all dilated, the first and second pulvilli acute, the third longest and flattened below. Male and female, entire length of body 18°5—22°5 mm.; pronot. 17°}5—21 mm.; post. fem. 6°>5—9 mm. Five specimens: three were found ‘‘ under stones’’ on the bank of a stream, Yembung, 1100 ft., Jan. 14, 1912; two were found ‘‘ among stones”? on bank of the Dihang river, Janakmukh, 600 ft., Dec. 17, 1911 (Kemp). This is one of the largest species of Cvriotettix, and has the general appearance of a Scelimena. It is darker coloured than evanats. 3. Criotettix orientalis, sp. nov. (Pl xv, figs. 4 4a.) Body not so large as the preceding, coloured greyish-cinerous. Vertex subequal in width to one of the eyes, ampliate backward; frontal costa arcuate, not at all sinuate, divided barely above the paired ocelli, and somewhat narrowly sulcate forward; antennae inserted distinctly between the lower part of the eyes; paired ocelli placed between the middle of the eyes; eyes globose and scarcely elevated. Pronotum deplanate, transversely convex between the shoulders; dorsum granose, slightly tuberculate and rugose; median carina low, thin, and irregularly crassate-undulate ; prozonal carinae convergent backward; posterior process extended only slightly beyond the hind femoral apices in the short-wing form, or lengthily extended beyond them in the long-wing form; lateral lobes distinctly deflexed laterally and armed on each side with an acute spine directed very slightly obliquely backward. Elytra elongate-subovate, externally punctate; wings explicate, extended to the apex of pronotal process or beyond. Femoral margins entire; hind tibiae armed with spines, the first and second pulvilli of the posterior tarsi acute subspinose, the third flat below. Male, long and short-wing forms, entire length of body 11—14 mm.: pronot. Io—13 mm.; post. fem. 7 mm. Two males from Dibrugarh, N.-E. Assam, Dec. 17 (Kemp). This species resembles C. tvicavinatus, but is larger and the pronotum is more rugose. IQII 23 Genus Thoradonta, Hanc. 4. Thoradonta spiculoba, Hanc. Hancock, Mem. Dept. Agricult. India, iv, p. 138, 1912. One male from Dibrugarh, N.-E. Assam (Kemp). 1913.| J. L. Hancock: Orvthoptera, I. 313 In this specimen the posterior process of the pronotum and the wings reach backward nearly as far as the apices of the ex- tended hind tibiae. It is doubtless a long-wing form. The entire length of the body is 9°5 mm.; pronot. 9 mm. Genus Coptotettix, Bol. The four species of this genus taken by Mr. Kemp may be distinguished by the following key :— I. (2) Wings well developed; pronotal pro- cess lengthily extended backward beyond the hind femoral knees .. C. indicus, Hance. 2.(1) Wings not visible; pronotal process abbreviated. 3. (4) Body minute; apex of pronotal pro- cess truncate bes .. C.paroulus, Hance 4. (3) Body crassate, more or less tumid. 5. (6) Elytra wanting a .. C. nullipenms, Sp.nov. 6 (5) Elytra present a o. - C. tumidus, spe. nov. 5. Coptotettix indicus, Hanc. Hancock, Mem. Dept. Agricult. India, iv, p. 144—5, 1912. One specimen found “‘ on flowers,’ Rotung, 1400 ft., Apr. 6, 1912 (Kemp). This is a rather slender long-wing species; the mea- surements of the female not heretofore recorded: entire length of body 13°5 mm.,; pronot. 12°5 mm.; post. fem. 7 mm. 6. Coptotettix tumidus, sp. nov. (Pl. xv, figs. 3, 3a.) A crassate tumid species; body bearing elytra but no visible wings; allied to C. inflatus, Krauss. Head slightly retracted under the pronotum; vertex short, much wider than one of the eyes; frontal costa arcuate protuberant between the antennae, barely sinuate between the eyes, viewed in front rather widely divergent forward to the median ocellus; antennae inserted barely between the lower part of the eyes; body above granose, interspersed with tubercles; coloured fusco-rufescent, with pale mottlings, hind tibiae pale grayish cinereous; dorsum tumid, between the shoulders transversely arcuate; humeral angles subrounded, front margin subobtuse angulate or truncate; prozonal carinae abbreviated ; median carina compressed forward before the shoulders and lightly arcuate, backwards low and interrupted, crassate and undulate; posterior process deplanate and cuneate, extended backward nearly to the apices of the hind knees; lateral lobes expanded laterally, the posterior angles transversely or obliquely truncate; elytra elongate, narrow and elliptical. Anterior and middle femoral margins entire; posterior femora very stout, the superior carinae | . 314 Records of the Indian Museum. [ Vor. VILE, serrulate, the antegenicular and genicular denticles moderately prominent; hind tibiae stout, dilated towards the apices and armed with spines; first joints of the posterior tarsi much longer than the third, the third pulvilli nearly as long as the first and second united. Male and female, entire length of body 11—13 mm.; pronot. IO--II mm.: post. fem. 8 mm. Three specimens including one larva, Dibruarh, N.-E. Assam, Nov. 17—19, 1911 (Kemp). 7. Coptotettix parvulus, Hanc. Hancock, Mem. Dept. Agricult. India, iv, p. 145—6, Ig12. Six specimens; four from Dibrugarh, N.-E. Assam, Nov. 17— Ig, Ig1I1; one from Kobo, 400 ft., ‘‘in rotten wood”; one from Janakmukh, Dec. 17, 1911, ‘‘ under bark’’ (Kemp). 8. Coptotettix nullipennis, sp. nov. (Pix, sfies 22-2242) Coloured fuscous, obscurely pale mottled on the sides, hind femora bearing a pale longitudinal fascia on the external paginae, the tibiae pale, biannulate with black, body underneath dark. Body crassate; vertex broad, twice the width of one of the eyes, in profile slightly elevated and produced beyond the eyes, forming an obtuse angle with the frontal costa; frontal costa narrowly divided above the paired ocelli, rather widely sulcate forward, subarcuate between the antennae and slightly sinuate between the eyes; paired ocelli placed distinctly in advance of the middle of the eyes; antennae inserted between the lower portion of the eyes. Pronotum deplanate, dorsum granose, backward toward the apex rugose; between the shoulders transversely convex; humeral angles subobliterated and roundly sloping downwards; median carina forward subarcuate before the shoulders, backward interrupted undulate; prozonal carinae thin, convergent backward, and widely separated, front border subangulate; posterior process not extended backward as far as the knees, the apex narrowly emarginate; lateral lobes moderately expanded laterally, the posterior angles obliquely truncate; elytra and wings wanting. Anterior femoral margins below subundulate; middle femoral margins below barely subbilobate; hind femora very stout, the superior and inferior margins serrulate and armed with an ante- genicular and genicular denticle; hind tibiae curvate, armed with spines, the three pulvilli of the first joint of posterior tarsi obtuse and equal in length; the first joint of posterior tarsi longer than the third. Female type, entire length of body 14 mm.; pronot. 10 mm.; post. fem. 8°5 mm. One specimen, Janakmukh, 600 ft., ‘‘ on shore”’ (Kemp). This species resembles Mazarredia aptera, Rhen, from Labuan, W. Borneo 1913. ] J. 1,. Hancock: Orthoptera, I. 315 Genus Euparatettix, Hance. 9. Euparatettix parvus, Hanc. Hancock, Spolia Zeylanica, ii, p. 145, 1904. Three specimens: one from Upper Renging, 2150 ft., Nov. 4, I9gi2; two from Dibrugarh, N.-E. Assam, Nov. I7—19, IQII (Kemp). 10. Euparatettix tenuis, Hanc. Hancock, Mem. Dept. Agricult. India, iv, p. 151—2, 1912. One specimen from Dibrugarh, N.-E. Assam, Nov. 17—109, 19gtt (Kemp). TA ae ; LR rg, A. 4 ‘< Set ee ees psraties fm ee EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. Figs. 1, 1a.—Criotettix maximus, sp. nov., X 3. 2, 2a.—Coptotettix nullipennis sp. nov., X 4. 3, 3a.—Coptotettix tumidus, sp. nov., X 33. 4, 4a.— Crrotettix orientalis, sp. nov., Krae % Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. V1l1, 1913, (Abor Exp.) Plate XV. tas fi ] D. Bagchi, del. Bemrose, Collo. Derby. ABOR ORTHOPTERA, I. Roa ad RE S EW aah je Pi ANA R Ean By RICHARD H. WuitEHOUSE, M.Sc., Zoological Department, Queen’s University, Belfast. (Plate xxii.) The collection of freshwater Planarians made in the Abor country consists of two species only, both found under stones in a hill-stream. I am asked to state that some of the specimens were collected and preserved by Capt. F. H. Stewart, I.M.S. Planaria aborensis, un. sp. (Plate xxii, figs. 1-3.) This species bears a striking resemblance to Planaria subtenta- culata (Draparnaud in such features as the shape of the head, the absence of male genital organs and the much branched alimentary canal. The collection also included a number of young specimens which were produced by transverse fission, and which corresponded exactly with the form of newly budded animals of P. subtentaculata as figured by Zacharias (4). However, the very definite colouration the animals possess, and which is quite different from P. subtentaculata, as well as some internal anatomy, at least not recorded for this species, seemed to me to justify its separation from P. subtentaculata, and I have therefore called it Planaria aborensts. All the specimens were collected in the Yembung stream at an altitude of Iroo ft, and were found on the under surface of stones. The collection included 22 animals of this species; most of the specimens were much contorted, but a few remained extended. Of these the large ones measured 9 mm. in length and 2 mm. across the widest part of the trunk. The head (fig. 1) is triangular in form, often markedly so, with a prominent lappet on each side, which gives the animal a distinct neck. The posterior end of the body tapers bluntly. In colour, the dorsal side of the body is a rather light brown with a definite line of much darker tone running in the middle line along the length of the body from the neck to the posterior; this darker line expands at about the midile of its course, at the root of the pharynx, into a broad patch. The crescentic eyes, which are two in number, are situated about midway between the anterior extremity and a line drawn across the head from the extreme points of the lappets at the side ; 318 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor; VIE; in those animals with a more extended head region they lie slightly posterior to this position. The eyes are about equidistant from one another and from the side of the head, and each lies in a small area containing somewhat less pigment than the general surface of the body. A very distinct non-pigmented area occurs on either side, immediately anterior to the neck, and indicates the lateral sensory cephalic groove (‘‘Auricularsinnesorgan’’ of German writers). The ventral surface is of a milky white colour and possesses only a single aperture, the mouth; the position of the mouth varies very considerably from 2 to 4 mm. from the posterior end of the animal. This is probably due to the fact that the animal multiplies by transverse fission, those animals with the mouth situated well back being those which have recently budded off new individuals. Cleared in cedar-wood oil, much of the general anatomy is visible. The pharynx is comparatively long (2 mm. long in a specimen g mm. in length); the rest of the alimentary tract con- sists of the usual single anterior and two posterior trunks; the secondary branches are very numerous, and in an 8 mm. specimen the anterior trunk sent off about 20 on each side, while the branches of the posterior trunks numbered about 33 on each side, 7 alongside the pharynx and 26 posterior to the mouth. The extreme anterior branches of the gut extend as far forward as the eyes. From entire mounts and also from serial sections, it was found that the animal had no male generative organs; even the rudi- ments of these organs were missing, as was also a genital aperture. Absence of reproductive organs has been found to be a character of many species, such as P. subtentaculata (4), P. venusta (1) and P. vitia; Zacharias considers it to be a feature of P. subtentaculata during the summer months, and that the sexual organs appear in the autumn. He says:—‘‘...es schient, dass die Fortpflanzung durch Quertheilung nur wahrend der Sommermonate stattfindet ;”’ and further: ‘‘es mtissen zur Herbstzeit Eier producirende, resp. geschlechtlich differenzirte Individuen vorhanden sein, und diese habe ich unter den Handen gehabt.’’ However, he does not des- cribe the genital apparatus. Dugés also referred to the same thing when he mentioned the likelihood of some small specimens of the same species which he found in the autumn being produced from eggs: ‘Ces individus ne pouvaient avoir une origine par sépara- tion; des oeufs sans doute leur avaient donné naisssance’’ (3). A search between the anterior branches of the gut revealed a definite compact aggregation of cells comparable to the ovary in other planarians, situated on either side of the body. So consis- tent in position and nature are these bodies with the ovaries in other species, there does not seem to me to be any doubt that they are ovaries, though at first I had some hesitation owing to the entire absence of any other genital organs. As will be seen from fig. 3 the cells composing this cell mass are undoubtedly 1913. | R. H. WHITEHOUSE: Freshwater Planaria. 319 developing egg-cells in different stages of development. However, serial sections reveal no trace of oviducts or uterus, which acces- sories may be later developments. This condition of things seems to support the suggestion that this and some other species are sexual individuals at one time of the year and asexual at another. The animals examined were collected in January. ‘There is of course the possibility that here we have a dioecious species of Planaria only the female of which has been discovered. Planaria kempi, n. sp. (Plate xxii, fig. 4.) Only a single specimen of this species was obtained; it was g'5 mm. in length, and 2 mm. across the widest part of the body at the root of the pharynx. Fic. 1.—Genital apparatus of P. kempz (semi-diagrammatic and drawn by reconstruction from serial sections). g.a. genital atrium; g.o. genital opening; m. mouth; m g. muscular mucous glands; od. oviduct; p. penis; p.s. penis sheath; ut. ‘‘uterus’’ or shell gland: ut. d. ‘‘uterine duct’’; v.d. vas deferens; vs. vesicula seminalis. The head merges gradually into the trunk and thus no neck is differentiated. The hind end of the body tapers very little less than the head. ‘The two eyes are fairly closely approximated, the distance between them being about half the distance from the eye to the margin of the head; each eye is surrounded by a non-pig- mented area. The colour of the dorsal surface is a medium brown of even distribution. The ventral surface is much paler in colour than the dorsal side, and possesses two apertures, the mouth 3°75 mm., and the genital aperture 2°75 mm. from the posterior end. The pharynx occupies a position in the middle of the body, and is about 2°5 mm. in length and less than I mm. in width. The rest of the gut conforms to the usual plan, and is much less branched than in the previous species; neither does it extend so far forward. 320 Records of the Indian Museum. [ Vor. Waite The genital atrium is divided unequally into two divisions, the atrium genitale commune and atrium masculinum by a projec- ting ridge; into the former, which is posterior, open the medium unpaired oviduct, the ‘‘ uterine duct’’ and the muscular mucous glands; while the latter and anterior division receives the opening of the penis chamber. The ovaries are situated in the usual position between the first and second anterior secondary branches of the gut, and close to the middle line; the oviduct, on each side, starts from the actual substance of the ovary as a funnel-like opening, richly ciliated and surrounded by glands, passing gradually into a fine duct which runs ventrally; at the region of the penis, it suddenly takes a vertical course to the dorsal side, where it meets its fellow of the opposite side to form a medium unpaired oviduct; this latter, still a narrow duct, continues until it enters the genital atrium anteriorly from the dorsal side. 22a NN yy Fic. 2,—Diagram of the muscular mucous gland of P. kempi (purely diagram- matic) opening into the posterior part of the genital atrium. The two parts do not lie in quite the same plane. The ‘‘ uterus’’—better called shell-gland—with its wide duct shows no peculiarities. The muscular mucous glands (muskuldse Drtisenorgane of German writers) are two in number, and each possesses a lumen; a peculiarity of these structures however is that there is but a single exit for the secretion of both glands. As shown in text fig. 2 they are both pear-shaped structures, one of which is entirely embedded in the parenchyma, while the other protrudes by its tapering extremity in the form of a papilla into the common genital atrium, further, the rounded end of each gland forms with the other a common mass through which the two lumina become continuous. Thus there is but one aperture for the two glands. The exact angle of inclination of one gland to the other it was not possible to determine, Since only a single specimen was available. Numerous testes are present dorsally and ventrally, and extend nearly the whole length of the body. The vasa deferentia expand into vesiculae seminales before entering the cavity of the penis or ductus ejaculatorius. ‘There is no appreciable differentiation of the penis into bulbus, ete. 1913. | R. H. WurtrEHOUSE: Freshwater Planaria. 321 PITE RATURE, Bohmig, I,., Die Thierwelt Deutsch-Ost-Afrikas, Bd. IV. Die Turbellarien Ost-Afrikas, II, ‘'ricla- didea. Ks Brauer’s “‘ Die Stisswasserfauna Deutsch- lands.’’ Heft 19, rgog. Dugeés, A., Recherches sur l’organisation et les moeurs des Planariés. Amn. Soc. Nat. I sér., Tom. XV, 1828. Zacharias, O., Uber Fortpflanzung durch spontane Quer- theilung bei Siisswasserplanarien. Zeit. /. wtss. Zool, Bd. 43, 1886. re eras Bape dieting 2th hee at FX : ‘i oii ts f iter Se hee ak PO) ot NAR ae eee ¢ soe? , ee sae ‘0h. ee hae x au od ss . ite 2 yh : y : 4 - eae ; " at¢, ‘ghkie de ie Wide ree 2 ; AN es are fj s Naa that ates TARE hel i 3 yh re aby rGeak See Be tp ai 4. BXPLANATION OF PLATE Xxat: Planaria aborensis,n.sp., X 14. As seen when cleared in cedar-wood oil. P. aborensis. Young animal newly budded off, x 14. As seen when cleared in cedar-wood oil. Ovary of P. aborensis, X 620. Planaria kempt, n. sp., X 5. All the figures were drawn with the aid of the camera lucida. ieceimad. Mus, Vol. VI, 1913 Abor Exp.) EY i Ul ieee? Pues. cn a ae ae Megs ilaverncw A.Chowdhary, lith. Pig. 4.PLANARIA KEMP], sp.nov. R.H.Whitehouse, del. Bigs-l-3. PLANARIA ABORENSIS, sp. nov. Pes ay * r A Maa eee, ee | oy ee ee rat WS, ee + fa ae, 2 le Gs ee : Lele pte = we ~ it wi “ raul 4 oa oe es SG ne re eS = : « ese ro meee, 4 ERRATA. Page 392, line 13 from: bottom, for ‘“Pl. XXVIII” vead “PE SVL. 2 Page 394, line 2 from top, for “‘ Pl. XXVIII” read “ Pl. XXVI.”’ Explanation of Plate XXVII, figs. 13 and 14 refer to Plate XXVI. Plate XXVI, jor the figures numbered ‘{1,.2, 3, 4; 5,90) 7, Os O- Io... yead. “15, 10,17, 18, 19, 20;:2122,23, 24.” respectively. XXIII. HYMENOPTHRA, IV: ICHNEUMONIDAE By CLAUDE Morey, F.Z.S., F.E.S., &¢., Author of ‘‘ Fauna of Indta—Ichneumonidae.’’ Microgaster [uteus, Cam. Manch. Mem., 1899, p. 199, 3. The @ is undescribed. It differs from the @ in its much ‘stouter antenne and hind legs, of which the former are apically subclavate ; in its cultriform hypopygium extending to the anus ; in its stout terebra, which is as long as the whole body; and in having the alar apices more determinately infumate, with a dis- tinct cloud below the broader stigma. Three sinall males of 6-7 mm. at Sadiya on 27th and 28th November, and a single female of 7 mm. at Kobo, 400 feet, on 3rd December, IgII. Epirhyssa flavobalteata, Cam. Manch. Mem., 1899, p. 129. One small ~ of only 10 mm. at Rotung, 1400 feet, between 6th and 13th March, 1912. Xanthopimpla punctata, Fab. Spp. Ins., 1781, p. 437- Two males at Sadiya on 27th November, and one female at Dibrugarh between the 17th and 19th of the same month. « Xanthopimpla nursei, Cam. ‘Fourn. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 1997, p. 592. A single male at Dibrugarh between the 17th and roth November, IQII. Apophua carinata, Morl. Faun. Brit. India, Ichn., 1913, p. 215. One @ at Sadiya on 27th November, rg1r. The undes- cribed hind legs are testaceous, with both extremities of the tibia, apices of femora, and the whole tarsi, black. Stictolissonota foveata, Cam. The & is undescribed and the @ unknownto me. A single male, found at Sadiya on 23rd November, igri, differs from the female description (Tijds. v. Ent. 1907, p. 107) in having the face 324 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL VEL, entirely pale ; the tenth to seventeenth flagellar joints white, with the remaining twelve apical ones ve y short and exactly filiform ; the metathoracic spot, unplaced by Cameron, is here represented by a large metapleural mark and the whole petiolar area, except the centre of its apex, flavous; apices of all the segments pale and genitalia exserted; the hind legs red with trochanters, extreme base of both the white tarsi and white tibiz, with apices of the last broadly and of their femora narrowly, and the onyches, deep black. The position of this genus with its single species in the Lissonotides rests solely upon the typical petiolar structure, for the areolet is subquadrate and parallel-sided as in the Meso- stenides, though emitting its recurrent nervure from its centre; the unicalcarate front tibize and indiscreted clypeus are good fea- tures. Metopius rufus, Cam. Zeits. Hym.-Dtp., 1905, p. 281. A single female at Dibrugarh between 17th and 19th Novem- - ber, 191s: CEdematopsis aborensis, Morl., sp. n. Black with the whole legs, thorax except discally and head except vertically, stramineous; mesonotum rosy; scutellum pale. Head strongly buccate behind, though less elongate than in (C. afollos, Morl. (Faun. India, Ichn. 50), and stra- mineous with only the vertex from scrobes to occiput, including stemmaticum and excluding orbits, deep black. Antenne fractae, infuscate with scape whitish beneath. ‘Thorax with pleurae finely punctate, mesonotum glabrous and strongly glittering, rosy (as in CG. ops, Morl. (Ichn. Britannica, ili, 273), its lateral sutures and pronotal disc black; metanotum scabrous with areola strongly elongate, emitting strong and short costulae; basal area short and entire, petiolar area nearly as long as areola and trans- strigose. Scutellum and postscutellum flavous, the former finely punctate and laterally margined nearly to its apex. Abdomen parallel-sided and very slender, punctate-rugose with the basal segment roughly aciculate and its spiracles far before the centre ; ventral valvulae large, black and exserted. Legs slender, with the somewhat stout hind tibiae hardly infuscate apically and before their base. Wings normal, with the stigma and _ nervures stramineous. Length, 5 mm. @ only. A single @ was captured at Sadiya in north-east Assam by Mr. S. W. Kemp of the Abor Expedition on 28th November, IgIt. Type in the Indian Museum. No. 736°. Allocamptus sinuatus, Morl. Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus., 1912, p. 24. One female was captured at artificial light below Dosing at 1400 feet on 29th January, I912. 1914. ] C. MorRLEY: Hymenoptera, IV. 325 Trichomma decorum, Cam Anomalon decorum, Cam., Manch. Mem., 1897, p. 24, 9. The ¢& has not previously been found; it differs from the 9 in having the flagellum infuscate-testaceous towards the base, the eyes apically rather less convergent, the scutellum discally less distinctly transcarinate, and the hind trochanters with their femoral and tibial base not at all black but the first tarsal joint, though distinctly spatuliform, is similarly pale. Length, o 10, 2.52 mim: . This male was taken at Dibrugarh between 17th and 19th November, IgI1; a single female is from Sadiya on 28th of the same month. I was recently enabled finally to assign this species to Tvichomma upon the examination of another female, captured by the late Col. Bingham at Kyau Klebin in Upper Burma in Nov. 1900, and now in the Berlin Museum. Anomalon ? binghami, Cam. Ann. Nat. Hist., xx, 1907, p. 14, 3. One broken and consequently doubtful male was found at Sadiya on 25th Nov. 1911. I have recently examined two of the undescribed female of this species in the Berlin Museum, which were captured in Sikkim by Bingham; it differs from the @ in having the inner orbits but obsoletely pale, the terebra fully half as long as the basal segment, with a length of only 18 mm. It is - correctly ascribed to the present genus. Campoplex tyrannus, Cam. Manch. Mem., 1899, p. 116. A single small female of 9 mm. was found at Dibrugarh between 17th and 19th November, IgII. Dioctes apostata, Grav. Ichn. Europ., iii, p. 510. Kobo at 400 feet on gth December, I91I. One female. Angitia sp. An indeterminable male was found at Sadiya on 23rd Novem- per, 1Orr: Tarytia flavidorbitalis, Cam. Fourn. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 1907, p. 589: With the above Angitia was taken a female of this common species. 326 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor VDL Thymaris clotho, Morl. Faun. Brit. India, [chn., 1913, p- 53- The second known specimen of this Ceylonese species was captured at Dibrugarh between the 17th and 19th November, IgI1- This 9? differs from the type only in having the two basal seg- ments black with the second only basally rufescent, and the third basally flavidous. The figure in Fauna India is very poor, showing the abdomen too stout, terebra too thick, wings too broad and flagellum much too short; the last is, in fact, a milli- metre longer than the whole body. Diaparsis sp. One female belonging to this genus was met with at Dibrugarh between the 17th and 19th November, 1911. It is certainly dis- tinct from the only known Indian kind, my D. caudata; but its condition precludes description. Cnemocryptus epistomatus, Morl., sp. n. A black and shining species with thescutellum and abdominal base white, the legs and abdominal centre red. Head transverse and as broad as thorax, obsoletely punctate with the frons glab- rous and excarinate; palpi white; mandibles rufescent with the upper tooth a little the longer and clypeus apically truncate; face closely punctate and centrally tuberculiformly elevated. Anten- nae stout and black with a broad central white band; of @ sub- attenuate at both extremities with scape white, and flagellar base rufescent, beneath; of @ strongly dilato-compressed beyond their centre. Thorax convex and finely punctate, with strong notauli; pronotum and a callosity beneath radices white ; mesopleurae sul- cate below; metathorax subglabrous with all the areae clearly de- fined and petiolar area discreted; areola longer than broad, hexa- gonal, emitting costulae before its centre; spiracles longer than broad, apophyses wanting. Scutellum and postscutellum white, the former glabrous and convex. Abdomen subfusiform, black and slightly pilose with the sixth and following segments white; petiole also white with postpetiole and part of second segment bright red; terebra nearly as long as first segment. Legs red with the anterior of ~ paler; hind femora and tibiae more or less infuscate or black with base of latter rufescent, and the second to fourth tarsal joints with apex of the first pure white. Wings ample and hyaline; radix white, areolet large and parallel-sided, emitting the recurrent nervure from its centre; basal nervure continuous, nervellus geniculate at its lower third. Length, 6-8 mm. @ 9. A eer pair was captured at Sadiya on 27th November, ao pere by Mr.S. W. Kemp and is in the Indian Museum. No. 7237. 1914. ] C. MorLtEY: Hymenoptera, IV. 327 Camptolynx striatus, Cam. Berl. Ent. Zett., iv, 1910, p. 254. One ¢ of thiscommon species occurred at Sadiya on 23rd November, I9gIt. Camptolynx fuscipennis, Cam. Berl. Ent. Zett., iv, 1910, p. 253. A male at Dibrugarh between 17th and 19th November, rg1r. Goryphus maculiceps, Cam. Melcha maculiceps, Cam., Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 110. Sadiya on 27th November, rgtr. One female, with un- usually large apophyses. Goryphus fuscinervis, Cam. Ancaria fuscinervis, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist., ix, 1902, p. 205. Two females were taken at Dibrugarh about the 18th Nov., and at Rotung at I400 feet on 25th December, rgr1; three males occurred at Sadiya on 27th and 28th Nov., and at Dibrugarh about the 18th of the same month. Silsila fulvipes, Cam. Manch. Memz., 1903, no. 14, p. 2. A variety of the ? , with face black and didymate marks on the clypeus, was taken at Dibrugarh between 17th and tIgth November, I9grtl. Mesostenoideus erythropus, Cam. Fenentas evythropus, Cam., Spolia Zeyl., 1905, p. 112, pl. A, fig. 14. One female at Dibrugarh on the same date as the last species Mesostenoideus albomaculatus, Cam. (mec Cress.). Fenentas albomaculatus, Cam., Ann. Nat. Hist., ix, 1902, p. 212. One female was captured along with the last species. Friona curvicarinata, Cam. Trans. Ent. Soc., 1904, p. 109. Under a leaf-stem of plantain at Upper Rotung on 8th Janu- ary, 1912, was found a female of this species agreeing with others in the Berlin Museum from Sikkim and the Mepli valley during December, 1893, and in my own collection from 4000 feet at Than- daung in Tenasserim during April, 1898. All these differ from the typical form in having the whole head and thorax entirely brick- 328 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voy. VIII, 1914.] red, which renders it superficially distinct, though close examina- tion shows no structural modifications and it must be treated as a mere colour variety, which I here term var. vufescens, var. nov. Friona didymata, Morl., sp. n. In the Abor collection I find a @ of this species»which I have had for some time described in MS. and now bring forward from an examination of a dozen ? 2 and one @, taken in Dehra Dun and near Bhowali, Kumaon, on grass and on the wing in garden, between 26th April and 26th June, 1912, in the United Provinces; and of the above ¢~,taken at Dibrugarh about 18th November, I9I1. A black species with stramineous markings and the black hind tarsi centrally white. Extremely like F. rujfipes, differing in little but size and colouration: face and clypeus black with two dots on the latter, and two dots below scrobes and the central orbits linearly of the former, stramineous; outer and genal orbits not at all pale, or ~ with a narrow genal line stramineous; o with base of both face and clypeus irregularly and transversely stramineous throughout; anteradical callosities black before tegule ; mesopleurae immaculate black, and metapleural pale marks of 9 very small; hind trochanters of ? , and coxae of both sexes, not infuscate; hind tarsi black with second and third joints of ¢, and centre of first to base of fifth in », pure white. Length, 9-11 mm. This differs from all Cameron’s seven species of the present genus in having the face at most centrally binota- ted with stramineous in @ and apically entirely blackin ». I have seen one @ with the face and clypeus immaculate black, in another the clypeus alone was immaculate and in a third the base of the face, as in the &, was subcontinuously stramineous. There are also examples from Monghyr in Bihar, Mergui in Lower Burma, Calcutta and Trevandrum, in the Indian Museum. Friona variipes, Cam. Trans. Ent. Soc., 1904, p. 107. A female at Kobo, 400 feet, on 3rd December, rgIt. Cryptus filicornis, Cam. Hedycryptus filicornis, Cam., Zetts. Hym.-Dip., 1903, p. 299; C. himalayensis, Cant, 92 7--Ent. S0c., 1004; p. 100. With the last species, a female of this common one occurred at Kobo. It is a true Cryptus (sensu Thoms. ). a a a a Ba a a a a a Mtv. ORTHOPET ERA IL: GRYLLACRIDAE; and STENOPELMATIDAE. By Dr. AcCHI-LE GRIFFINI, Milan (Italy). [In addition to the species of Gryllacridae described below, Dr. Griffini has identified Rhaphidophora brunnert, Kirby (Steno- pelmatidae) from Upper Rotung (2000 ft.) with certainty, attribu- ting with some doubt specimens of the same genus from the Farm Caves near Moulmein and from jungle on the Dawna Hills to this species. The specimens from the Farm Caves were taken by Mr. Gravely in holes in the floor. while large numbers of Diastrammena unicoloy, Brunner, occurred on the walls. | GRYLLACRIDAE. Gryllacris gravelyi,' n. sp. oa. Statura modica, sat robusta; corpore nitido; pailide tes- tacea, pronoto et capite magna parte nigris, geniculis omnibus spints- que pedum posticorum nigrts. Caput nigrum nitidum. exceptis antennts totis testacets, clypeo et organts buccalibus ferrugineis, maculis ocellaribus flavidis optime delineatis quarum frontali rotunda, maiort, maculaque ferruginea parum bene delineata in medio margints postict occrpitis. Pronotum nigrum nitidum, excepta macula matuscula antica flavida, anterius cum margine antico subcontigua ibique angustiort, posterius latiori et iviloba, lobo medio matore usque ad extremum anticum sulculi longitudinalis extenso, necnon gibbulis ad latera meta- zonae sitis ferrugints et maculis parvis 3 vel 4 in sertem transversam disposttis post sulculum longitudinalem ante metazonam etiam ferru- ginets ; lobis lateralthus totis nigris Mesonotum, metanotum, abdomen totum cum ventre testacea. Elytra abdomen parum et femora postica perparum superantia, testaceo-ferruginea, vents venulisque concolortbus. Alae_ testaceo- subhyalinac, venis venulisque pallidis, tantum angulo apicalt ferru- gineo-venoso. Pedes flavido-testacei, geniculis nigris. seu apice femorum et basi tibiarum nigris; spinis femorum posticorum numerosis, nigris ; spinis tibiarum posticarum nigris et bast subtus nigro cinctrs. Segmentum abdominale dorsale VIII &@ productum, convexum, rotundatum. Segmentum IX omnino verticale, brevissimum, altum, superne subrotundatum, sed magna pro parte verticaliter concavum, excavatum, inferius in tumescentits duabus latevaltbus terminatum ; his tumescentiis intus inferius spinam ferrugineam decurvam gerentt- bus; his spinis inter se cruciatis. 1 See also Att? Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. lii, p. 228 (1913). 330 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOE. Velie Longttudo corporis 2a ao Ayes a caah role) at pronolt Se is =e aes ae 7) . elytrorum . a ia eles femorum anticorum af ae 5h eae femorum posticorum as ae 7 LORS 3d) Typus : I @ (Musaei Indici), exsiccatus, indicationes sequen- tes gerens: Upper Rotung, Abor Exped., 5-i-12 (Kemp); under leaf-stem of plantain. Descriptio: Species in divisionem I°1; 2°2. Systematis Brun- neri locanda inter congeneres valde differentes, tamen a supero visa Gr. genuali, Walk., sensim similis, quamvis distinctissima. Corpus statura modica sat robusta, nitidum. Caput robustum, ab antico visum latiuscule ovale, pernitidum, pronoto parum latius. Occiput et vertex cum fastigio optime rotundata, hoc parum minus convexo, lateribus rotundatis, latitu- dinem t$ primi articuli antennarum sensim superante, latitudinem duplam huius articuli aegre attingente. Sutura inter fastigia capitis incerte distinguenda. Maculae 3 ocellares flavae optime distinctae et delineatae; duae verticis haud parvae, ovales, inferi- us in angulum subacutum terminatae; frontalis maior, orbicularis. Sulci suboculares distincti, inferius lati. Frons latiuscula, superne convexiuscul:, inferius concaviuscula, nitida, sed sub lente in medio transverse minute corrugata et utrinque paucis punctis impressis praedita quorum duobus lateralibus inferis maioribus. Clypeus basi fronti similis, ibique punctis duobus lateralibus impressis praeditus. Organa buccalia normalia, robusta ; palpi maxillares apice minime dilatati. Color capitis: Occiput, vertex cum fastigio, genae, fronsque, colore nigro nitidissimo, exceptis maculis ocellaribu; flavidis supra descriptis, et macula occipitali postica media subtriangulari, vertice antico rotundato, ferruginea, haud bene delineata. Basis clypei transverse breviter tota nigra, hoc colore perfecte recteque ter- minato Reliqua maxima pars clypei cum labro, mandibulis et reliquis organis buccalibus colore ferrugineo. Antennae totae testaceo-ferrugineae. Pronotum robustum, a supero visum sensim lfongius quam latius, nitidum. Margo anticus totus rotundatus et sat prominulus. Sulcus anticus valliformis bene impressus et delineatus. Sulculus longitudinalis abbreviatus in fossulas duas parum regulares fere divisus, quarum antica oblonga, angusta, parva, parum impressa, postica latior, subrotunda, anterius fere biloba, melius impressa ; margines huius fossulae posticae extus et postice fere carinula delineati. Post sulcum anticum utrinque verrucula minima, parum distinguenda, ante sulculum lonyitudinalem adest; ad latera sulculi longitudinalis paucae impressiones parvae, fere punctiformes, anterius, et paucae convexitates gibbuliformes posterius utrinque videntur. Corrugatio minutissima sub lente- fortiori ad latera ipsa sulculi aegre videtur. Sulcus posticus superne non bene delineatus, sed metazona tota superne concavi- 1914. ] A. GRIFFINI: Orthoptera, IT. 331 uscula minuteque sub lente transverse corrugata, margine postico transverso, rotundato, optime limbato, ascendente, fere reflexo. Gibbula convexa adest in utroque latere externo metazonae. Lobi laterales pronoti longiores quam altiores, postice quam antice levissime altiores, nitidissimi, sed sub lente corrugationibus nonnullis longitudinalibus antice et inferius praediti. Angulus anticus horum loborum rotundatus; margo inferus subrectus, longus ; angulus posticus truncatus, inferius rotundatus. posterius obliquus subconcavus, dein angulo obtuso in marginem posticum verticalem transeuns; hoc margine postico parum alto; sinus humeralis perparum expressus. Margo loborum lateralium totus optime limbatus. Sulci soliti valde excavati; gibbulae valde expressae. Color pronoti niger nitidus; tamen in parte antica dorsi macula majuscula testaceo-flavida adest, optime delineata, maculam occipitis sequens; haec macula marginem anticum ipsum anguste nigrum non tangit, tamen eum subito seauitur, antice angustior, in sulcum anticum posterius dilatata, postice in medio late magis producta usque ad extremum anticum sulculi longitudinalis. Macula ipsa propterea posterius dilatata et fere triloba, lobis lateralibus extus postice versis, minoribus, sub- angularibus, lobo medio lato, subrotundato, posterius magis producto. Gibbulae laterales metazonae superne ferrugineae, et ante metazonam maculae minores 3 vel 4 in seriem transversam dispositae ferrugineae adsunt, quarum 2 ad latera fossulae posticae sulculi longitudinalis et una media fere W-formis, seu fere in duabus divisa, in fossula postica ipsa sita. Hae maculae parum perfecte delineatae. Lobi laterales toti nigerrimi. Mesonotum, metanotum et abdomen totum cum _ ventre testacea. / Elytra testaceo-ferruginea venis venulisque concoloribus vel minime fuscioribus, apicem abdominis sensim, apicem femorum posticorum perparum superantia. Alae_ testaceo-subhyalinae, venis venulisque pallidis, tantum angulo apicali (in quiete ultra elytra prominulo) ferrugineo venoso. Pedes robusti et sat longi, pilosuli, flavido-testacei, geniculis omnibus nigris, seu apice femorum cum basi tibiarum colore nigro, hoc colore perfecte delineato. Pars apicalis femorum nigra superne brevior, ad latera parum longior, colore nigro etiam subtus apicem femoris cingente; margo extremus articularis femorum superne anguste testaceus. Pars basalis tibiarum nigra superne longior, ad latera subtusque abbreviata ; ima basis articularis tibiarum anguste ferruginea. Tibiae anticae et intermediae subtus solito modo spinosae, spinis utrinque 4, basim versus longioribus, necnon spina apicali minori praeditae. Femora postica basi sat bene incrassata, parte apicali attenuata parum elongata et semper robusta, subtus spinulis nigris acutis in utroque margine 10-12. ‘Tibiae posticae superne post partem basalem planiusculae, margine interno spinis 332 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VOL. -formis, optime delineata. Sulculus longitudinalis abbreviatus linea castanea signatus; post hanc lineam utrinque 334 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voy,. VIII, 1914.] punctum castaneum dilutum adest, his 2 punctis inter se approximatis. Rudimenta elytrorum et alarum parva, lateralia, squamae- formia, venis incertis praedita, pallida. Mesonotum et metanotum utrinque gibbula basali praedita ; caeterum segmentis abdominalibus dorsalibus similia. His seg- mentis colore fulvo, margine postico irregulariter castaneo, hoc colore in medium marginis angusto, minus evoluto, interdum subnullo, ad latera partis mediae magis evoluto, in lateribus externis angustato. Propterea videtur pars dorsalis corporis in medio longitudinaliter magis fulva et ad latera partis mediae magis castaneo picta, fere irregulariter utrinque castaneo vittata. Venter pallidus. Pedes pilosuli, sat longi et robustiusculi, fulvi, tibiis omnibus. annulo post-geniculari castaneo vel atro superne ornatis, hoc annulo in tibiis anticis minus distincto, in intermediis et posticis optime evoluto. Femora postica in latere externo partis dilatatae seriebus longitudinalibus duabus macularum punctiformium irregularium colore castaneo ornata, his maculis interdum in quaque serie partim inter se coniunctis, semper irregularibus, primis basalibus dilutioribus; tertia series similis, supera, parallela, valde minus distinguenda, adest, macularum minimarum et valde dilutarum. Tibiae anticae et intermediae solito modo spinosae, spinis ultimis apicalibus tibiarum intermediarum valde brevibus, reliquis regulatiter longis, praecipue basalibus. Femora postica basi sat bene incrassata, parte apicali attenuata longiuscula, subtus utroque margine 7-9 spinuloso, spinulis atris, basi tamen non atro cinctis. ‘Tibiae posticae superne longe post basim parum plani- usculae, fere teretes, utrinque spinis atris et basi subtus atro cinctis armatae; his spinis in margine externo 7, in margine interno 6; spina apicalis fulva, tantum apice breviter fusca. Tarsi robusti, fulvi. 2. Ovipositor rigidus, castaneus, nitidus, breviusculus, latius- culus, apicem versus parum attenuatus, apice obtuse rotundatus, basi valde falcato-incurvus, dein minus quamvis semper sensim incurvatus, fere erectus. Lamina subgenitalis non distinguenda. Segmentum ventrale ultimum longitudinem duplam segmenti praecedentis attingens, apice late rotundatum et crasse margina- tum, margine pilosulo; ante sulcum hunc marginem praecedentem utrinque macula incerta dilute castanea transversa, parva, adest. ere SS OOOO ee X XV = pOMnOON Ai As. By: Wo GAD Anyer dt ae.5y (Plate xvi.) INTRODUCTION. Only a few of the specimens discussed below were taken actually on the Abor Expedition, but the collections combined are all from the northern and eastern frontiers of Assam and Burma, and may conveniently be considered together. In addition to those taken in the north-eastern part of Assam and the Abor foot- hills in 1911-12, and those collected by Mr. F. H. Gravely in the former year in the Amherst district of Tenasserim between Moul- mein and the Siamese border, there are two lots of specimens, one collected by Mr. H. Stevens in the N. Lakhimpur district, Assam, and one obtained in Ig11t by Capt. G. Topin in the course of an expedition to the north-east frontier of Burma With the excep- tion of Mr. Stevens’ collection, of which type specimens will be presented to the Indian Museum, the specimens are the property of that institution. Some 50 or 51 species are represented. In all probability the numbers at present recorded from that part of Asia which includes Assam and Burma represent a bare half of the whole Odonate fauna. Available lists show these numbers to amount to about 100 species. Accounts dealing especially with the dragonflies of further India are: I. ‘‘Odonates de Birmanie,’’ de Selys Longchamps. Ann. Mus. Genov., (2) x (xxx), 1891, pp. 433-518. de Selys gives a list of 88 species for Burma. His account is based chiefly on material collected by the late Signor Fea in the neighbourhood of Leitu and Bhamo. 2. ‘‘Tjiste des Neuropteres de l’Indo-China.’’ Par M. René Martin. Mission Pavte. Martin comments on the richness of the fauna of Tonquin. It seems likely that this fauna is tolerably distinct from that of the district under consideration here, and not improbably richer. Martin’s list contains no fewer than 139 species. 3. ‘* The Dragonflies of Burma and Lower Siam.’ (I) Caloptery- ginae. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxviii, pp. 165-187. (II) Cordulegasterinae, Chlorogomphinae and Gomphinae. Proc. U.S. Nai. Mus., xxxiii, pp. 267-317. By EH. B. Williamson. In these two papers Williamson gives a critical and valuable 336 Records of the Indian Museum, [VoL. VILE, study of these groups of Odonata, not only for Burma but of a great part of the whole Oriental Region, reviewing as he does species allied to those of Burma, but inhabiting neighbouring lands. None the less our knowledge of the dragonflies of these coun- tries is still so imperfect that it is of little use to discuss the geo- graphical relationships of the area. I may briefly state my own belief on the subject is that the fauna of Burma as of other Indo- Malayan countries is the result of the intermingling of several groups—the re-ult of several irruptions into the territory at differ- ent epochs. Such groups for want of a better term may be called ‘strata.’ Much field work and systematic study is necessary before it will be possible to distinguish one ‘stratum’ from another and to determine anything of its geological history. Other references to literature will be found at the end of the paper. SYSTEMATIC. LIBELLULIDAE. LT BELLE ULEN AE: 1. Amphithemts vacillans, de Selys. I o(immature), Assam (H. Stevens). 2 ¢@ Kachin Hills, Upper Burma (Capt. Topin). Length of abdomen 23 mm. te hind-wing 27 mm. Both of the specimens from Upper Burma are fully adult, and both have the third abdominal segment powdered with bluish- white bloom, which gives the insect a striking appearance. 2. Lyniothemts acigastra (de Selys). 2 970,19 (Io very immature). The adult male and the female have been examined for me by Dr. Ris, who has kindly compared them with de Selys’ actual type o. Hehas found them to be identical therewith; but not with the specimens described and figured in his Monograph under the name L. acigastra (1909). The latter specimens, which belong to Mr. Morton, represents an undescribed species. 3. Orthetrum sabina (Drury). 1 o@ Kawkareik to Third Camp, Amherst district, Lower Burma, 21-xi-11 (Ff. H. Gravely), I 2 Kobo, 400 ft., Abor Expedition (S. W. Kemp). 4. O. glaucum (Brauer). 4 oo adult, 17 immature, 19 Kachin Hills, Upper Burma (Capt. Topin). One male has a cross-nerve in the triangles of both hind-wings, another has one triangle crossed and one free. 5. O. pruinosum neglectum (Ramb.). 3 7@,12 Kachin Hills, Upper Burma (Capt. Topin). 1 o@ Moulmein, Lower Burma, 16-xi-11 (F. H. Gravely). 1 o@ Upper Assam (H. Stevens). 1914. | i F,. F. Lainitaw: Odonata. BO7 6. O. triangulare (de Selys). I o,19@ Kachin Hills, Upper Burma (Capt. Topin). 7. Palpopleuva sexmaculata (Fabr.). I 7,2 2 9 NorthLakhimpur, Upper Assam (4H. Stevens). I o#,1@ Kachin Hills, Upper Burma (Capt. Topin). 8. Nannophya pygmaea (Ramb.). 5 70, 22 2 Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur, Upper Assam (HH. Stevens). g. Brachydiplax sobrina, de Selys. 1 @ Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur, Upper Assam (H. Stevens). 10. Acisoma pancrpoides, Ramb. 1 ¢ Kawkareik, Amherst district, Lower Burma, 19g—20- xi-r1 (Ff. H. Gravely). 11. Dziplacodes nebulosa, Fabr. 2 o¢o@ Dibrugarh, N. E. Assam, Abor Expedition, 17—21- xi-r1 (S. W. Kemp). 12. D. trivialis (Ramb.). 2 #o@ Kawkareik, Amherst district, Lower Burma, 197— 20-xi-11 (ff. H. Gravely). I o& Upper Assam, 31-iii-to (H. Stevens). 13. Crocothemts servilia (Drury). I @ Kachin Hills, Upper Burma (Capt. Topin). 14. Neurothems tullia (Drury). 1 o N. Lakhimpur, base of hills, Upper Assam (H. Stevens). Belongs to the typical race of the species. 15. N. intermedia, Ramb. race? 2 ¢@ Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur, Upper Assam, 13-iii-10 (H. Stevens). I o Silonibari. Length of abdomen 185 mm. hind-wing 22°5 mm. . pterostigma 3 mm. Slightly smaller than the typical race from Ceylon. ‘The basal golden-brown mark on the hind-wing is less extensive also, reach- ing only to one cell beyond the triangle, whilst its outer border is regularly convex, thus differing from the specimen figured by Dr. Ris from Ceylon. Examination of a sufficient series will probably prove these specimens to represent a geographical race of the species recog- nizable from that inhabiting Ceylon and southern India. Shed 16. WN. intermedia degener, de Selys. I @&, 12 Dejoo, 13-ii-10 (H. Stevens). ¢? Length of abdomen 23 mm. sy hind-wing 26 mm. 4 pterostigma 3°5 mm. 338 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vv TE: The male has the brown colour of a mottled appearance due to the cells of the coloured parts of the wings being pale in their Centres: There is in the collection a female specimen of a Neurothemis taken by Capt. Topin in the Kachin Hills. The abdomen has a length of 19 mm., the hind-wing of 26mm. The fore-wings are suffused with golden brown along the costal margin, and at the apex of the wing; the hind-wing is similarly coloured, whilst in addition it is suffused at its basal part with a less intense colour, reaching as far as three cells beyond the nodus. The specimen belongs to the intermedia group, but I cannot assign it to a more exact position. 17. WN. fulvia, Drury. : I o Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur, Upper Assam (4. Stevens). I #, 12 Dibrugarh N. E. Assam, 17—21-xi-11, Abor Expedition (S. W. Kemp). 18. Brachythemts contaminata (Fabr ). I @ Sadiya, NE. Assam, Abor Expedition, 24—25-xi- rr (S. W. Kemp). 19. Sympetrum ortentale, de Selys. I o Sadiya, N. E. Assam, Abor Expedition, 24—25-xi-I1 (S.W. Kemp). 20. Tyrtthemts aurora (Burm.). I 7,2? 2 Kachin Hills, Upper Burma (Caft. Topin). I o& Dejoo, N Lakhimpur, Upper Assam (H. Stevens). I @ Sadiya, N. E. Assam, Abor Expedition, 24—25-x1-I1 (S. W. Kemp). 21. T. pailidinervis (Kirby). 1 ¢ Dibrugarh, N. FE. Assam, Abor Expedition, 17—26-x- rr (S. W. Kemp). 22. a) jestivan( Nam.) I @ Kachin Hills Upper Burma (Capt. Topin). I @ Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur, Upper Assam (#7. Stevens). 23. Rhyothemts varicgata (Linn. ). TOG 24. R. plutonia, de Selys. I o Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur, Upper Assam (H. Stevens). 25. Rhyothemrs sp. LT o Dejoo. The specimen belongs to the group R. curiosa, de Selys. Its dimensions are as follows :— Length of abdomen 15 mm. Be hind-wing 22 mm. Several ‘species’ belonging to this group have been described from Malacca, Borneo, Sumatra and Menado as well as from Ceylon, but no example of the group has been hitherto recorded from Burma or Assam. AsI have no series for comparison I will neta; F, F. Lainiaw: Odonata. 339 not attempt to refer the present specimen to any of the ‘ species’ or ‘races’ of the group. According to Kriiger (1902) the distribution of these species is as follows: -- R. fulgens, de Selys. Sumatra, Banca, Borneo, Singapore. », curtosa, de Selys. Siboga, Sumatra, Borneo, Singapore. ,, Obsolescens, Kirby. Sumatra, Borneo, Ceylon. ,, Pygmaea, Brauer. New Guinea, Celebes. I have compared the specimen with an individual belonging to this group from Borneo, and can find no specific difference. 26. Tholvmts tillarga, Fabr. I @ Dejoo. CORDULIINAE. 27. Hemicordulia asiatica, de Selys. I @ Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur, base of hills, Upper Assam (H. Stevens). This is one of the most interesting forms in the collection. Only one othet specimen of the species is known, a male in the Selys’ collection, from the Khasi Hills. Mr. Stevens’ specimen is fully mature and a little damaged. It agrees well with the type, whose wings and anal appendages have been figured by Martin (1907). This species is apparently the only representative of the Eucordulina in tropical continental Asia. It belongs to a genus whose headquarters are in Australia. An allied species is found in Celebes and Borneo, and probably elsewhere in Malaysia, as well as in Papua; whilst closely related forms occur in Madagascar and in the Seychelles. It would thus appear to belong to an an- cient ‘stratum’ of the Odonate fauna of the Old World tropics. Possibiy some of the genera allied to Coeliccia amongst the Agrioninae belong to the same level although these do not appear to be represented on the Australian continent, whilst they occur in Papua. AESCHNIDAE. AESCHNINAE. 28. Anax guttatus, Burm. I @ adult, 28-v-10 (H. Stevens). This species is widely distributed, ranging from the Seychelle Is. to Queensland. 29. Gynacantha khasiaca, MacLachlan 2 oo adult (in spirit), Kobo, alt. 400 ft., 8-xii-r1, Abor Exped. (S. W. Kemp). Originally described from the Khasi Hills, as the name implies. These specimens have retained well their colouring, which is very brilliant. The head and eyes are green, with a black T-shaped mark on the frons above. 340 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, The thorax also is of a brilliant green, with a black median stripe, a pair of humeral bands and a lateral stripe on either side also black. The abdomen is blackish above, with large auricles on the second segment. It is much constricted from the commencement of the third segment, and has blue-green markings. A race of this species, nzgripes, de Selys, has been recorded from ‘ Thibet,’ and figured by Martin. This race would appear to be much less brightly coloured than is the typical form. 30. Gynacantha sp. sp. Be IQ, I0-viii-10o. Very immature and in bad condition, is in all probability a female of G. khastaca, MacLachlan. ‘The wings are tinged with saffron at the base and apex. The length of the hind- wing is 46 mm., the upper pair of terminal abdominal appendages are short, slender and po-nted, scarcely so long as the ninth seg- ment; the thorax gives indications of having a similar colour pattern to that of the male. : The two other females referable to this genus are also ina state which makes it impossible to describe them. They are possibly referable to G. hyalina, de Selys, but rather small for that species, the hind-wing having a length of about 41 mm. The upper pair of terminal abdominal appendages, broken in one specimen, are in the other long, about twice the length of the ninth segment, and leaf-like. These specimens are dated 5-vi-10 and Dejoo, I9I0, respec- tively. GOM PHINAE. 31. Leptogomphus sp. I 9? N. Lakhimpur (H. Stevens). The specimen belongs probably to an undescribed species, but its condition does not admit of a satisfactory description. CALOPTERYGINAE. 32. Neurobasis sinensis, Linn. 270,12 Thingannyinaung to Myawadi, Lower Burma, ca. 900 ft., 24—26-xi-11 (F. H. Gravely). I @ Sadiya, N.-E. Assam, Abor Expedition, 24—25-xi-I1 (S. W. Kemp). I o@ Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur, Assam (H. Stevens). 33. Vestalis gracilis (Ramb.). 2 0°0°,292 9 Kachin Hills, Upper Burma (Capt. Topin). 2 0°o0,12 Dejoo, Feb., June, 1910 (H. Stevens). The range of this species will probably serve to delimit the Burmese region from the Malayan, the latter characterized by the closely allied V. amoena, de Selys. IgI4. ] F. F. LAIDLAW: Odonata. 341 34. Rhinocypha quadnmaculata, de Selys. 2 #o@ Dejoo, Upper Assam (H. Stevens). 1 o@ Silonibari, Upper Assam nage Stevens). I @ (teneral) Kawkareik (F. H. Gravely). AGRIONINAE. ‘“Legion’’ Platycnemis. 35. Coeliccia bimaculata, sp. nov. (Pl. xvi, fig. 1.) I @ Dejoo, Upper Assam, 25-v-10 (H. Stevens). Length of abdomen 37 mm. hind-wing 22°5 mm. M, proximal ‘to the nodus, RS a little distal. Quadrilateral with tte costal margin, scarcely shorter than the anal, the differ- ence is less than one-fifth of the whole length of the anal margin ; relatively long, so that it occupies one-half of the distance between the level of the arculus and of the nodus, the other half being occupied by a single cellule. Costal side of pterostigma about equal in length to anal side. Head, lower lip whitish, upper lip black with a white margin, the whole of the rest of the upper surface of head black; a pair of yellow-brown post-ocular spots of a wedge-shape excepted. Prothorax, anterior margin black, dorsal surface primrose- yellow, posterior margin black, lower surface yellowish-white. Thorax black above, pale yellow at the sides and below. On the lower part of the dorsal surface is a pair of large oval yellow spots, they extend upwards for not quite one-half of the length of the dorsum of the thorax. Abdomen, 1 yellow, with a fine distal, terminal ring, and a dark brown semicircular mark anteriorly; 2 to 8 dark brown above, with traces of pale distal articular rings, the lower surfaces also paler; 9, 10 bright primrose-yellow, 9 has a fine black line dorsally, covering nearly its anterior half. Anal appendages primrose-yellow, the upper pair equal in length to 10, rather stout, tapering, with a strong median ventral tooth. The lower pair longer, rather cylindrical, curved inwards at their extremities. The great length of the quadrilateral characterizes this hand- some insect, as does the remarkable colouring of the thorax and abdomen. The British Museum has in its unincorporated material exam- ples of a geographical race of the species from the Island of Hainan. 36. Copera (Psilocnemis) annulata (de Selys) subsp. stevens?, nov. (Phxvig fis. 2;) 1 o@ North Lakhimpur, foot of hills, Upper Assam (H. Stevens). Length of abdomen 35 mm. bss hind-wing 22°5 mm. 342 Records of the Indian Museum. (Vou. VIII, Upper lip bluish-white, the rest of the head yellow, with a large central, triangular black mark; its apex on the epistome, its base extending from one eye to the other, at the level of the hinder ocelli. The back of the head is black also. Prothorax as in the typical P. annulata, black with a yellow band on either side. Thorax bronze-black as far as the first lateral suture, with yellow antehumeral band. Sides and under surfaces gray-yellow, with a fine black lateral stripe. Abdomen, 1,2 bronze-black above, gray-yellow at the sides and below. Distal half of 9 and all 10 yellow, the yellow colour on g running forward dorsally to a point nearly at the commencement of the segment. ‘The rest of the abdomen bronze-black above, paler below. Legs white, the lower fifth of the femora black, as are the spines and tarsi. The first pair of tibiae have a black line on their posterior surfaces, and are not dilated; the remaining pairs have a fine black mark at their bases posteriorly, and are much dilated. Anal appendages, upper pair yellow, nearly equal in length to segment Io, cylindrical, pointed. Lower pair about twice as long, curved downwards, the basal half of each yellow, the distal half black Sufficiently distinct from the type to deserve recognition as a geographical race of a widely distributed form. 37. Copera (Psilocnemis) vittata, de Selys, subsp. assamensis, nov. 17,19 N. Lakhimpur, base of hills, Upper Assam (H. Stevens). Length of abdomen ¢@ 32mm. 2? 30 mm. hind-wing 7 17 mm. @& 17 mm. o General colour russet-brown. Head, upper lip yellowish-brown. The rest of the upper surface of the head brown, except for a black line running from eye to eye immediately in front of the antennae, and the basal joint of each antenna which is also black. Prothorax and thorax brown. There is a broad dorsal band of a bronze-black colour on the thorax, and the sides of the prothorax and thorax have black markings, which especially on the thorax, are mottled in character. Abdomen brownish-black above, paler below, 3, 4, 5, 9 have a fine basal white ring contracted above, and a narrow distal black ring not reaching quite to the end of the segment. Distal half of g and all 10 pale yellowish- brown. Legs rich russet-brown with black spines, the posterior pair of tibiae show a trace of dilatation. Anal appendages dull brown, upper pair one half the length of lower pair. Both pairs straight, tapering, cylindrical. 2 (22-8-10). The position of this individual is uncertain. The specimen is teneral and generally resembles the male in colour. 1914. ] a F. F. ].AIDLAW : Odonata. 343 It differs in having a broader black stripe across the front of the head, and the back of the head black instead of brown, the thorax is entirely brownish-black with numerous fine yellow spots ; the whole abdomen is brown, and the legs are of a paler colour than in the male, with a dark mottled line posteriorly. The prothorax has a pair of short forwardly directed spurs projecting from the middle of its dorsal posterior margin. This subspecies is one of several geographical races referable to the group Copera vittata. The group is characterized by the anal appendages of the males and according to Forster by the occurrence of dimorphism amongst the females. The female described above is on his view to be regarded as a ‘‘ virago’”’ form. ‘The females are also remark- able for the possession of the prothoracic spurs. The only other member of the group that I have had an opportunity of examining is C. vittata atomaria, de Selys, from Borneo. This subspecies is very closely allied to C. assamensis, and a single female belonging to it is identical in colouring with the male. The group includes the following :— C. vitiata vittata, de Selys. Malacca. serapica, Hagen. Nicobars. wmbricata, Hagen. Sumatra. atomaria, de Selys. Borneo. assamensts, subsp. nov. Assam. ‘‘Legion’’ Agrion. 38. Onychargia wittigera? de Selys. I o Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur (H. Stevens). A teneral male, unfortunately lacking the last 4 segments of the abdomen. 39. Archibasis oscillans (de Selys). (Pl. xvi, fig. 3.) 4 @&o@ Dejoo, 3-iv-Io (H. Stevens). Length of abdomen 36 mm. Fe hind-wing 25 mm. I refer these specimens here with doubt. I have not been able to compare them with an authentic example. They show certain differences from de Selys’ description which I note below— The upper lip is black, not pale. Only one of the specimens, which are all very adult, shows any sign of post-ocular spots; and these are very small. The side of the thorax appears to be of a dark greenish-brown with broad blue stripes; but in all it is pulverulent and conse- quently it is not an easy matter to determine the true character of the colouring. The first segment of the abdomen is entirely black. The lateral view of the anal appendages agree well with de Selys’ description of that of the type. Seen from above, however, 344 Records of the Indian Museum [Vor Vas the upper pair are distinctly hatchet-shaped (the blade of the hatchet being partly visible from the side) and not cylindrical. In spite of these differences I believe Mr. Stevens’ specimens must be identified with de Selys’ species; the agreement in other respects is very close, and if looked at from above obliquely, the upper anal appendages do appear to be cylindrical. Mr. Stevens has extended the known range of this form very considerably ; it has hitherto been recorded from Sumatra and Siam. 40. Aciagrion pallidum, de Selys. (Pl. xvi, fig. 4.) I 7,2? @ Dibrugarh, N. E. Assam, Abor Expedition, 17—21-xi-11 (S. W. Kemp). Length of abdomen o 32mm. 92? 29 mm. i hind-wing 7 19mm. @¢ Ig mm. Postnodals I0-I1. These specimens, which have been preserved in spirit, differ to some extent from those described by de Selys. They are a little larger. The type male had the abdomen 28-29 mm. long. The post-ocular mark is a light greenish-brown. The thorax has in both sexes a fine antehumeral line of pale metallic green, and there is a lateral stripe of the same colour. The abdomen of the male has 1 7 metallic black above, 8-10 almost white, 10 is very short. In the females, 6, 7 have a dorsa! longitudinal dark stripe of metallic black, the rest of the abdomen is very pale brown above, and white below. The appearance of the anal appendages seen from the side is figured for comparison with those of A. borneensis, Ris. 41. Ischnura rufcstigma, de Selys. (Pl. xvi, fig. 5.) 1 o@ Dibrugarh, N. E. Assam, Abor Expedition, 17—2I- x1-11 (S. W. Kemp). The specimen is a trifle smaller than the type, which I believe to be the only example of the species hitherto known. The colouring agrees generally with that of the type. The post-ocular spots are however small, the sides of the thorax and prothorax are of a blue-green shade, not ‘‘ roux jaunatre.”’ The whole of the dorsal surface of segment 8 of the abdomen is black. The difference between the pterostigmata of the fore and hind wings does not seem to me to be very marked. It is empha- sized by de Selys in his description. Unfortunately the female of the species remains unknown. The insect is a very handsome one. It is interesting to be able to give a more precise localization for the species than the rather vague indication, India. 42. Pseudagrion sp. 1 2 Dibrugarh. IQT4.| : F. F. LAiLaw: Odonata. 345 43. Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabr.) (Pl. xvi, figs. 8, 8a.) I 7,4 9 @ Dibrugarh, N. E. Assam, Abor Expedition, 17—-21-xi-11 (S. W. Kemp). Length of abdomen @ 35mm. 2 32°5 mm. Re hind-wing 7 26mm. @ 21°5 mm. Considerably larger than the type which has the abdomen 28-30 mm.long, These specimens agree in other particulars and are, I believe, rightly to be ascribed here. The male is, however, without broad light brown band on the head between the eyes. The upper pair of anal appendages is almost black. ‘The females are of a duller colour than the male, a sandy or tawny-yellow. 44. Ceriagrion olivaceum, sp.nov. (PI. xvi, fig. 9.) 2 °7o@,29 2 Kachin Hills, Upper Burma (Capt. Topin). Length of abdomen o& 38°5mm. ? 39 mm. i hind-wing #7 25 mm. 2 25 mm. Fourteenth and fifteenth antenodal cross nerves on fore-wing. Pterostigma brown, covering rather more than one cell. @ Head, under surface pale yellowish-brown, upper surface entirely brown with a somewhat green shade, the brown of the upper lip of rather a warmer tinge. Second joint of antennae black at its apex, the distal parts also black. Prothorax brown with a slight olive shade on the sides, paler below. Thorax brown above, with a darker rather green ante- humeral stripe on either side not reaching the summit of the thorax, Laterally the thorax is olive-green with a brown metepisternal area. Beneath it is pale olive-green, rather pulverulent. The legs are pale brown, with the spines and articulation of the tarsal joints brownish-black. Abdomen dull brown above, progressively darker to the end of 8; 9 and roa little lighter, to with its posterior margin embayed angularly. Anal appendages brown, lower pair black at the apex, upper pair rather shorter than the !ower pair, curved a little downwards. Lower pair ending in an upwardly directed spur. @ Colouring in general very similar to that of the male but duller, the pterostigma is paler; moreover this sex appears to lack the antehumeral band on the dorsum of the thorax. This species, which appears to be quite distinct from its con- geners, differs from them in its greater size; so far as I know it is certainly the largest species of the genus. Most nearly related to it I believe is C. coromandelianum, Fabr. ‘This latter species is different in general appearance, being of a pale almost lemon-yellow, judging from the spirit specimen of the male, which is also without the antehumeral stripe; whilst the anal appendages are widely different, as is the shape of the posterior dorsal margin of the tenth abdominal segment. The females of C. coromandelianum referred to above bear a very strong resemblance to the female specimens of C. olivaceum, they differ especially in size, in the lesser number of post-nodal nerves, Io~-I1 346 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor VIII, as opposed to 14-15 in C. olivaceum,; in colour being much lighter than C. olivaceum, and in having no colour pattern on the sides of the thorax. I have also compared these specimens with a pair of insects from N Queensland, received from Mr. Tillyard and named by him C. glabrum, Burm. These are possibly identical with speci- mens named C coromandelianum race erubescens by de Selys in his paper on the ‘‘ Odonata of Burma.” Whether this be so or no Mr. Tillyard’s specimens are I believe unquestionably examples of C. glabrum, Burm., and are totally dis- tinct in colouring and other particulars from either of the species in the present collection. C.melanurum, de Selys,I am not acquaint- ed with but it is sufficiently characterized by the black metallic mark on the terminal segments of the abdomen. Lastly C. cerino- yubellum, Brauer, of which species I have examined a number of individuals from Borneo, is readily distinguished by its colouring in both sexes, and by the long curved inferior anal appendages of the male 45. Argiocnemts obscura, sp.nov. (Pl. xvi, fig. 6.) I @ Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur, base of hills, Upper Assam 5-iv-10 (H. Stevens). Length of abdomen 30 mm. ay hind-wing 20 mm. The wings cease to be petiolated a little before the level of the basal post-costal nerve. Arculus beyond the level of the second antenodal nerve. Upper side of quadrilateral of fore-wing two- thirds length of lower side, of hind- wing three quarters the length. Pterostigma oblique, black, covering one cell. Head, upper lip greenish-blue ; genae anda line across the frons brownish-yellow, a pair of large post-ocular spots, nearly circular, greenish-blue. The rest of the upper surface of the head black. Prothorax entirely black above with the exception of a small yellow mark on the anterior margin. Thorax, black above, blue at the sides. There is a pair of narrow greenish-blue antehumeral stripes, and also a black lateral band at the second lateral suture. Abdomen, I-7 bronze-black, 1, 2, 3 blue at the sides and below, 8, 9 yellowish-brown, with terminal black mark, Io black. Anal appendages, upper pair black, lower pair dark brown. Legs, femurs dark brownish-black; tibias lighter brown with dark articulation. The upper pair of anal appendages are about as long as seg- ment I0, seen in profile, they are finger-shaped, rounded at their extremities. On the inner surface they are concave, and each carries very near its base a downwardly directed spur; not seen in profile. The lower pair are not so long; each carries at its apex three small tooth-like projections, which lie at the angles of a triangle with its apex upwards and to the outside. 1914. ] F. F. LAiptaw : Odonata. 347 46. Argiocnemis aborense, sp. nov. (Pl. xvi, fig. 7.) I @ Dibrugarh. Length of abdomen 24 mm. x hind-wing 16 mm. Post-nodal nerves 8-g on fore-wing. Arculus placed well beyond the level of the second antenodal, very sharply angled. Quadrilateral rather long, its upper side in both fore and hind-wings about three-quarters the length of its lower side. Pterostigma black, moderate, oblique, covering one cell. Head, upper surface entirely black, save for a pair of nearly circular post-ocular spots which are blue Prothorax, black above, with a very small blue spot at the side of the posterior margin. Thorax, black above, with a blue-green antehumeral stripe on either side; laterally bright blue, with a black line along the - second lateral suture; below whitish. Abdomen black, segments 9, Io bright blue with fine black margins, 10 with a dorsal longitudinal black line; I, 2 are blue at the sides, and have also a small blue dorsal mark anteriorly, and the black is contracted suddenly near the hinder end of the segment so that it has here only a fine median dorsal black line; 3 and 4 have a fine lateral blue-green stripe running along the anterior 2 of the segment on either side, broader anteriorly; 5, 6, 7 have a smalJl lateral mark of the same colour at their anterior ends. The lower half of the sides of 8 is bright blue. Legs, femurs black behind, whitish-grey in front, tibias and tarsi yellow with darker articulations. Anal appendages black, upper pair about half the length of segment 10, hooked downwards and inwards, compressed laterally ; lower pair shorter, conical, tapering rapidly and directed upwards. The first of these species of Argiocnemts is closely allied to A. lunulata, de Selys The most obvious difference is that in A. obscura segments 7 and 10 of the abdomen are black; further in 2 the blue at the sides of the segment forms ‘ lunules’ but these are very small not merely separated by the dorsal ridge. The upper pair of anal appendages are longer, and less incurved at their apices than in de Selys’ species, to judge by the figure of these given by Dr. Ris (1900). On the other hand A. aborense is very distinct from any of the described members of the genus, which will prove to be a large one. I have at present several unnamed species belonging to it awaiting description. 47. Argiocnemts sp. I o@ Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur, base of hills, Upper Assam (H. Stevens). An imperfect specimen, perhaps A. rubeola, de Selys. 48. Argiocnemis lacteola, de Selys. 3 #o@,12 Dibrugarh, N. E. Assam, Abor Expedition, 17—21 x-11 (S. W. Kemp). 348 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, 5 @#o@ Dejoo, N. Lakhimpur, March, June, rg910 (H. Stevens). One of the specimens from Dejoo has an additional antenodal nerve on the right fore-wing. It is rather remarkable to find this abnormality, which is I believe very rare, in so small an insect Described from a specimen taken by Mr. Atkinson in Bengal. 49. Argtocnemis nana, sp. nov. (Pl. xvi, fig. ro.) I o@ adult, Kachin Hills, Upper Burma. Length of abdomen 18 mm. 5 hind-wing g mm. Pterostigma gray, with a broad white border on its anterior and outer margins. Six post-nodal nerves on the fore-wing. Head, lower lip white, the under surface of the eyes bright blue ; upper lip blue, with a broad black line at its base, the rest of the lower half of the anterior aspect of the head blue to the level of the base of the frons, which has a black line. The rest of the upper surface black, including the upper half of the eyes. Post-ocular space blue. Prothorax black above, blue at the sides, the posterior margin with a well-marked median lobe, slightly bifid. ; Thorax, upper surface black with a narrow blue antehumeral stripe. Sides blue, with a small black spot at the base of the second pair of wings, on the second lateral suture. Abdomen blue variegated with black; I has a square black mark occupying its dorsal surface; 2 a longitudinal black dorsal stripe, contracted posteriorly, and with a pair of oval blue en- closures before its middle; 3--7 each have a longitudinal dorsal stripe which widens at its posterior end, then contracting again immediately before its termination; 8 has the black mark confined to the dorsum for its first half, for the second half it expands on to the sides of the segment; g, Io are almost entirely black save for a small blue area on the lower parts of the sides of 9. Anal appendages, upper pair longer than lower pair, pale blue above, black below. ‘This pair is rather bluntly conical, a trifle longer than segment Io. On their inner side they are convex and slightly inclined to one another; from their ventral margin depends a large hook-like structure which is directed downwards, and at its apex outwards and backwards. The lower pair are thick at the base, directed upwards, bifurcated, with a crescentic posterior - margin. This species clearly belongs to the group which includes 4. pyg- maea, Ramb., and A. minima, de Selys It differs from these species in having the upper lip largely of a bright-blue colour, ot metallic, in the colour of the pterostigma, in the absence of orange or red colouring on the terminal segments of the abdomen, and in the characters of the anal appendages. 50. A. pygmaea (Ramb.) I o& 26-iv-10 (H. Stevens). 1914. | 51. F. F. Larw.aw -: Odonata. 349 A. incisa, Hagen. 1900. 1902. 1907. 1909. I’ 7,12 Dibrugarh, N. E. Assam, Abor Expedition, 17— 21-xi-11 (S. W. Kemp). REFERENCES TO LITERATURE. Ris, Archiv {. Naturgesch. 1900, T. x, p. 200, fig. 17. Kriiger, Stett. entomol. Zeit. 1902, pp. 93-94. Martin, Cat. Coll. Selys 1907, 17, p. 13, fig. 10. Ris, Cat. Coll. Selys 1909, 9, p. 118. fig. 86. 8a. IO. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI. Terminal segments of abdomen of Coeliccia bimaculata, sp. nov., seen from above, @. Anal appendages of Copera annulata subsp. stevenst, nov. Archibasis oscillans (de Selys), lateral view of anal appen- dages, o. Aciagrion pallidum, de Selys, lateral view of anal appen- dages, @. Ischnura rufostigma, de Selys, anal appendages, @. Argiocnemts obscura, sp. nov., lateral view of anal appen- dages, o. Argiocnemis aborense, sp. nov., lateral view of anal appendages, o. Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabr.), lateral view of ex- tremity of abdomen, o. Dorsal view of the same. Ceritagrion olivaceum, sp. nov., anal appendages from side, o. ; Argiocnemis nana, sp. nov., lateral view of anal appen- dages, o. Lal 4 Plate XVI. University Press Cambridge. DeNCONE blk Ss: ROM “ASSAM. , A= ' ' ee ee af . se ee el SVC NE UR OPEEROLD INSECTS. By NATHAN BANKS. (Plate xxv.) The small collection of Neuropteroid insects of the Abor Ex- pedition and from Tenasserim contains a number of new species; nearly all the Psocidae are new, and many others, but in some forms especially Ephemeridae the specimens are not in condition for description. The genera of the Psocidae are similar to the Ceylon fauna, which is quite well known. The species I have been able to identify are those rather widely distributed in India. It is rather notable that the Myrme- leonid is new; but I have examined the types of all the Indian species. Most of the species are represented by few specimens, so it is evident that this is only a very small fraction of the Neuropteroid fauna of the region. CORRODENTIA. PSOCIDAE. Caecilius ceylonicus, Enderlein. From Rotung, 25 December, rgI1, 1300 ft. One specimen has black antennae and dark spot behind eye; the venation agrees with the figure of Enderlein. Epipsocus conspersus, n. sp. (Eleva 5) Pale yellowish; basal joints of antennae with red-brown marks, an oblique streak each side on face below antennae, a transverse row of spots above antennae and below eyes, and two spots on the vertex between eyes red-brown. A prominent red- brown streak along lower edge of each pleura, just at base of coxae. Wings hyaline; fore-wings with numerous dark dots, and dots at ends of veins, a cloud along median, and one partly above and partly within the areola postica. Fore-wings not very slender, outer margin rather oblique, apical veins sinuous, areola postica long and its upper edge sinuous, stigma concave on basal part from below, widened toward tip and tapering to the point. Expanse 8 mm. From Dibrugarh, N. K. Assam, 17-21 November, IgII. 352 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, Epipsocus costalis, n. sp. (Phisecy signa.) Pale yellowish, a red-brown band between eyes through base of antennae, latter pale vellowish, with first and second joint marked with red-brown, third joint as long as width of wing; a red-brown spot on the lower side of the prothorax and back along each pleura is a red-brown streak, continued along the sides of the abdomen; legs wholly pale, very slender, hind-tibia as long as width of fore-wing. Wings long and slender, stigma very slender, veins brownish yellow, a long narrow, brown streak along costa from base of stigma to tip of wing, and the ends of veins along the hind border each with a black spot; hind wings with black spot at end of the median vein. Expanse Io mm. From Rotung, 24 December, 1911 (Kemp). Kolbea punctata, n. sp. (Pliexxvs se.5)) Pale yellowish, antennae wholly yellowish, densely hairy, a large dark brown spot in middle of each pleura, and notum of thorax more or less darkened; abdomen pale; legs pale, the claws black. Wings hyaline, broad, stigma angulate behind, basal part concave beneath, apical veins sinuous, radial sector and median vein united only fora short distance, areola postica very high, triangular, tips of all veins black, stigma milky whitish, with a dark spot, which may be expanded as a streak across wing toward the areola postica. Expanse 12 mm. From Upper Rotung, 4 January, 1912 (Kemp). Psocus nirvanus, n. sp. (Pie sexy. tiSs75) Body pale yellowish; clypeus brownish, nasus faintly lineate with dark; first and second joints of antennae pale, rest black, third hardly as long as the greatest width of the fore-wings, with very short hairs; femora vellowish, rest of legs black. Wings hyaline; veins black, most of those in the apical portion very plainly margined with black; a cloud just beyond the discal cell, two others between the radial sector and median vein toward tip of wing, one below the stigma, and one in the basal cubital cell (sometimes lacking), stigma yellowish, blackish at extreme base and along the outer margin; hind wings wholly hyaline, veins black. In fore-wings the median vein is united to the radial sector usually only at one point, but in some cases for a short distance; the discal cell is plainly narrower below than above: the stigma is 1914.] amen Banks: WNeuropteroid Insects. 353 angular behind, the outer side a little shorter than the inner side. The forking of the radial sector is hyaline, also the cross vein from the cell to the hind margin, and the lower side of the cell up a little way on outer margin, and a little away outward along the median vein. Expanse I4 mm. From Yembung, 15 January, 1912, r1oo ft. (Kemp). Seopsis sp. One rubbed specimen, head dull red brown; probably new, from Yembung, 17-19 February, 1912. PLECOPTESA. PERLIDAE. Leuctra indica, Needham. One from Upper Rotung, 4 January, 1912. The median ventral appendage is spatulate. Nemoura sp. One from Yembung, 1100 ft., 17 January, 1912; probably new as no species are recorded from India. Chloroperla (Isopteryx) sp. One from Yembung, 13-17 January, I912. Cryptoperla divergens, n. sp. GPL, xxv, -fies.6.-6;) Pale yellowish, or faintly brownish, no marks on head, ex- cept dark at base of antennae; sides of pronotum darker, and anterior tibia dark. Wings faintly yellowish, as also the venation. Head broad, with a high ridge connecting antennae; ocelli pro- minent, about four diameters apart, much closer to the eyes, latter faintly hairy Pronotum fully twice as broad as long, barely broader behind, corners nearly square, strongly irregularly rugose on the sides; setae widely separated, joints short; ventral plate of female large and broad as in the figure Wings elongate, about seven cross-veins beyond end of the subcosta, three branches to radial sector beyond anastomosis, last one close to tip, about five median cross-veins, and seven cubital cross-veins, lower branch of median forked about opposite to anastomosis, two veins between it and the cubitus. Expanse 20 mm. From Komsing, 2 March, 1912 (Kemp). 354 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, I place this in Cryptoperla since the labial palpi are very minute and the eyes are faintly hairy; it differs from typical Neoperla in that the ocelli are far apart; Needham fails to men- tion in his description whether the ocelli of Cryptoperla were far apart or as in Neoperla His species has a larger ventral plate than mine, and the ocelli were not as distinct. ANISOPTERA. EPHEMERIDAE. Ephemera sp. Subimago from Upper Rotung, 11 January, 1912, 2000 ft., and Yembung, 13-17 January, 1912, 1100 it. The subimago of three Indian species has been described, but this does not agree with any of them; three other species are known from India in the adult stage. Thraulus sp. Subimago from below Damda, I February, I9g12 1300 ft., and below Dosing, 27 January, 1912, 1400 ft. I Baetis sp. One female from below Dosing, 29 January, 1912, 1400 ft. Cleon sp. Two from Dibrugarh, N. E. Assam, 17-21 November, Ig1I. Chirotonetes sp. Subimago from below Damda, I February, 1912, 1300 ft. - NEUROPTERA. HEMEROBIIDAE. Berotha insolita, Walk. One from Misty Hollow, W. side Dawna Hills, 2200 ft., 23-30 November, I9II. CHRYSOPIDAE: Ankylopteryx octopunctata, Fabr. From Kobo, 400 ft., 7 December, rg1r, and Rotung, 1400 ft., 28 December, I9QIT. IQr4.] N. Banks: Neuropteroid Insects. 355 Chrysopa alcestris, Bks. From Upper Rotung, 7 January, 1912, 2000 ft. Chrysopa virgestes, Bks. From Dibrugarh, N. E. Assam, 17-21 November, IgIt. Formicaleon bivittatum, n. sp. (Pl xxv, figs22245) Face pale; a large dark interantennal band from eye to eye ex- tending above and below antennae, above this is a narrow dark band with a stripe each side behind to the pronotum, and two spots in middle of vertex reaching toward these stripes; antennae annulate with brown, long and slender ; pronotum longer than broad, with a broad dark stripe on each side, and the posterior corners dark; thorax dark with median pale stripe, extending a little way back on the abdomen, rest of abdomen brownish; pleura with two dark stripes under each fore-wing; legs pale, a dark band at extreme tip of tibia, and tibiae I and 2 with dark spot on outer side near base, legs slender, with long black bristles. spurs long, not much curved, about as long as four joints, last joint much longer than the first one. Wings hyaline; veins interruptedly dark and pale; stigma reddish, the forkings of veins near the outer margin and apex of wing are clouded with dark. Hind wings much longer and narrower than fore-wings, sharply acute at tip; fore-wings very broad at stigma ; five cross-veins before radial sector, about 16 branches to radial sector, and with five cross-veins to cubital fork, a line bending up from end of anal and running through middle of cubital area; in hind wings the anal ends before the origin of the cubital fork. The wings are very similar to F. verendus but the pronotum and legs are more slender. Expanse 70-80 mim. From between Thingannyinaung and Myawadi, L. Burma, 24-28 November, 1911, goo ft. (F. H. Gravely). TRICHOPTERA. HY DROPSYCHIDAE. Stenopsyche griseipennis, Mclach. One from Siyom River, below Damda, 1300 ft., 31 January, TOEZ. Philopotamus sp. From Yembung, r1oo ft., 17 January, 1912; in alcohol, a uni- form dark-winged species. 356 Records of the Indian Museum. [YVou,. VIII, 1914.] Hydropsyche sp. One femaie from Janakmukh, 600 ft., 18 December, IgIt. As large as H. asiatica, but differs slightly in venation. Hydropsychodes sp. One from Egar stream between Renging and Rotung, 9 Janu- ary, 1912. Probably undescribed. PN NOS NR ES ES ESOOOOEOSeeneSrraSe> EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXvV. . 1.—Epipsocus costalis, fore-wing. 2.—Formicaleon hivittatum, tip of abdomen. 3.—E pipsocus conspersus, fore-wing. 4.—Formicaleon bivittatum, pronotum. 5.—Kolbea punctata, fore-wing. 6.—Cryptoperla divergens, head. 7.—Psocus nirvanus, fore-wing. 8.—Cryptoperla divergens, ventral plate. = Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. VIII, 1914 (Abor Exp.) Plate XXV. NEUROPTEROID INSECTS. 4% 2) (- Ve, eee oe E _ ; | ¥ : : XXVIT. REPTIETA (Supplenent): By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc., F.A.S.B., Superintendent, Indian Museum, In a small collection of lizards and snakes made in the Abor country after the conclusion of the main expedition by Capt. Sir George Duff-Sutherland-Dunbar, and presented by him to the Indian Museum the following species are represented :— Lizards. _ Snakes. Japalura andersoniana,Annand., Trachischium monticola(Cant.), Ophisaurus gracilis (Gray), Callophis macclellandii (Reinh.). These species were all taken between lat. 28° 45’ and lat. 29°N. at an altitude of about 4ooo ft. By far the most interesting specimen is an adult male of the Agamid Japalura andersoniana. As this lizard was hitherto known only from two half-grown indi- viduals taken in the Dafla Hills many years ago by Col. Godwin- Austen, a new description of the species has been drawn up. Japalura andersoniana, Annandale. Fourn. As. Soc. Bengal (n. s.) 1, p. 85, pl. ii, fig. 1 (1905). Body slender, strongly compressed. Limbs long; hind limb reaching tip of snout or neon digits, especially those of the hind feet, very long and slender. Head moderate ; snout in adult distinctly longer than diame- ter of orbit, bluntly pointed; rostral and superciliary ridges pro- minent, continuous, followed behind, after a slight interval, by a prominent tubercle bearing several small scales ; several prominent scales scattered on the sides of the head behind the eye; dorsal surface of the head between the eyes deeply concave; dorsal and lateral surfaces of snout slightly so, with a well defined median Y-shaped ridge on the former. No gular pouch or distinct gular fold. Dorsal crest.—Crest on neck well developed, consisting of a fold of skin as deep as the diameter of the eye, having several ver- tical pleats, covered with small leaf-shaped scales and bearing a row of slightly larger lanceolate ones along its upper margin ; crest on back consisting of a single row of similar scales without the fold of skin at their base. Scales on dorsal surface of snout irregular, nearly smooth, on superciliary region larger and strongly keeled. Lateral scales on body for the most part small and not very strongly keeled, in the 358 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, 1914.] middle of the sides smaller than above; a well-marked lateral longitudinal row of enlarged keeled scales extending backwards from in front of the fore limb, accompanied by a fold of skin, to a point about half way between the axilla and the groin; five ob- liquely vertical rows of similar scales on the upper part of each side, extending downwards and forwards from the dorsal crest ; scales on dorsal surface of limbs irregular, some of them strongly keeled ; those on the ventral surface strongly keeled, leaf-shaped, imbri- cate, larger than the lateral scales; on tail small, keeled, not strongly imbricate. Colour dark brown, obscurely marked with a paler shade; ventral surface paler, a large patch of green or blue containing a median yellow spot on the throat of the male. Dimensions of adult male. Total length 3 Pe) 235, ud Length of head i ie ce ore Breadth of head se East Length of tail Be Sie BLO Omaee Lengthyot foredimb, > tap 320) Length of hind limb. .. ae 15) Mex Voli. MOL US Cae -ZONITIDAB AND HELICIDAE (in part). By Lt.-Colonel H. H. Gopwin-Austen, F..S. (Plates xxili—xxiv.) The collection made by Mr. S. W. Kemp, Assistant Superin- tendent, Indian Museum, when attached as naturalist to the Force under Major-General Hamilton Bower, which entered the Abor country in the winter of Ig11I-12, is one of the finest and most interesting from the Eastern Frontier I have ever looked over, containing as it does so many genera and new species, and so many that are quite distinct from the land mollusca at present known from the most western part of Assam. As it must be a very long time before all this material, a very large amount of which is beautifully preserved in spirit, can be examined and the anatomical details worked out, I think it well to give now a preliminary generic list of the species in the collection. The description of new genera and new species to follow at inter- vals. The first contribution I now submit treats of two interest- ing new species. Added to this collection I have received from officers of the Indian Survey Department a smail collection from the Miri Hills which were entered the same season of IgII-12 by a party under Lt. R. S. Wahab, R.E. Quite recently I have received many new shells collected during 1912-13 by Lt. G. F. T. Oakes, R E., who has been extend- ing his work in the Abor Hills of the previous year. Some of these species of Spzvaculum, Glessula, Strella, reached me alive and two species of Glessula at the time of writing (June) are still living. To both these officers and Mr. Kemp especially I am much indebted and I sincerely thank them. LIST OF GENERA REPRESENTED IN THE COLLECTION. ZONITIDAE. MACROCHLAMYINAE. Macrochlamys (sp. nov.). New Genus. Sarama (S kempi, n. sp.). Khastella (sp. nov.). Oxytes oslet, G.-A. (near O. oxytes, Bs.) Taphrospira. 360 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOLS VIG HELICARIONINAE. Cryptaustenta. Austenia (A. rotungensis, n. sp.). Girasta. DURGELLINAE. Durgella. HELICIDAE: Sivella (sp. nov.). Planispira (P. delibrata var. fasciata, G.-A.) Plectopylis (sp. nov.). Plectotropis. Amphidromus. Opeas. Glessula. Clausilia (sp. nov.). Austenia rotungensis, sp. nov. (Pl. xxiii, figs. 1-5 ; pl. xxiv, figs. I-5). Rotung, Abor Hills, 24-xii-11 (S. W. Kemp). 3 specimens. Nos. 5693-4 and 5881. The largest specimen (5881) measures 70 mm., the one dis- sected (5963) 60 mm., and both are very much contracted in the spirit ; it must be quite 100 mm. when living. Animal, as in spirit, ash-grey with a rufous tinge, darker about the head, palest on the mantle lobes. There are signs of a few distinct dark spots on the side of the foot. Sole of foot has a distinct central area, crossed by distinct V-shaped lines. Right and left shell lobes are united above the respiratory orifice and a short indistinct cicatrix can be seen where the junction takes place. The left dorsal lobe is large and expanded forwards in front over the neck, the right is small, lying between the above orifice and the hinder part of the shell. All the lobes are smooth. Foot be- hind is as long as the shell, as contracted, it is much compressed on the side, very sharply keeled, terminating in a vertical, linear mucous pore, and having no lobe over it, there is a slight turning over above the nearly vertical slit (pl. xxili, fig. 5). The peripodial margin is well marked by being much paler than the part above, and is closely streaked with fine lines. The surface of the body is very rough, in the largest the rows of tubercles being conspicuous, in the specimen dissected it was less so, due probably to the different action of the spirit. The usual parallel grooves are not conspicuous, but there is a line of oblong tubercles which can be followed to the extremity of the foot, better to be understood in the drawing than it can be described, as well as the margin of the mucous gland. In these details of structure it differs considerably from its nearest known ally A. resplendens, Nevill, of Upper Burma ; in vesplendens the peripodial grooves hardly show at all, vide Moll. India, vol. ii, p. 287. The eye tentacles are very 1914. ] ~~ H.H. Gopwin-Austen: Mollusca, IT. 361 bulbous at the base and very close together. When the shell is re- moved from the animal, it is noteworthy that the apical coil of the visceral sac is present (pl. xxiii, fig. 4), a mere remnant certainly, yet a character showing a link with some more snail-like ancestor. The same minute coil occurs also in A. vesplendens, vide my descrip- tion and fig. 2f, Moll. Ind., vol. ii, p. 287. In this respect, both species differ considerably from A. gigas of the Khasi Hills, a species which has lost it altogether and may be considered a more recent evolution. Generative organs.—The packing of the different parts, in other words their juxtaposition within the animal is of interest (pl. xxiv, figs. 1 and 2)—they rest directly on the sole of the foot, with the long large dull yellow coloured albumen gland at the posterior end of the body cavity. The oviduct conspicuously and much coiled occupying the anterior and resting against the ample intestine (pl. xxiv, figs 1-2). When turned and viewed from the right side, the penis is seen to have a position on the right anterior upper side, the amatorial organ below it, lying parallel and close to the spermatheca. Separated out and removed from the other parts the genitalia were beautifully seen. The penis has a long flagellum where the vas deferens joins it, thence a very long and somewhat twisted tube extends to the generative aperture. The retractor muscle attached where the tube is bent on itself. The amatorial organ is very long and cylindrical, of much the same thickness throughout. The spermatheca is long and large, tapering to the free end: it was as full of spermatophores as it could hold, some 4 or 5, and so pressed together I had very great difficulty in getting one out, and then it was not perfect. It was quite typical of those seen in other species of the genus—other parts alluded to above do not require any detailed description. Characters are very much what is to be seen in A. resplendens (Moll. Ind., vol. ii, pl cxxx, 2)-2e), the flagellum is much longer and the amatorial organ more attenuate, not so large and thick. The central tooth and admedian teeth are long and narrow with inner and outer cusps, they gradually become narrower and gradually change with about 6 transitional into bicuspid elongate curved teeth. No sharply defined line between the two, the outer marginals are very small. Formula 68 6. 27 1. 27.6. 68 or IoI-t 101. This radula differs from A. gigas and vesplendens in having a greater number in the row, and not quite the same in their shape. The jaw is very concave on the cutting edge, with a central projection, rather narrow and well arched above Shell elongately spatulate ; slightly concave on the upper mar- gin of the peristome. Sculpture none. Smooth, lines of growth showing the form in the early stages of growth. Colour strong ochraceous, apex white, inside dull milky white. Suture very short, deep. Whorls one, rapidly increasing. Aperture elongately oval. Peristome: Edge of peristome thin and membranaceous. 362 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOL VELE Size: Major diam. 23:0 ; minor diam. 13°0. ; It is almost impossible to get a perfect shell. In pl. xxiii, fig. 4, there may be seen a portion of thin internal side wall of the shell (S) adherent to the visceral sac and left or rather torn off when the shell was removed. Sarama kempi, n. sp. (Plate xxiii “hes .6127, 6-0), soxlyp mss. sol Upper Rotung, Abor Hills. Shell thin, glassy, depressedly globose, scarcely perforate. Sculpture strong, regular, somewhat wavy, longitudinal stria- tion, coarser on the base. Colour with animal in shell very dark greenish brown, animal removed sienna brown. Spire flat convex. Suture shallow. Whaorls 6, regularly increasing, apical closely wound and flat. Aperture laterally ovate, sub-vertical. Peristome very thin, as also on the columeilar margin which is very oblique. Size: Major diameter 18°25 ; alt. axis 7°25 mm. This species in its anatomy is nearest to Savama kala, G.-A., of Sikkim, but I do not remember seeing before shell lobes at all like these, especially the left shell lobe. Mr. Kemp’s field note of this species dated 6-I-12, is as follows :—‘‘ Common under leaf-stems of plantain. When fully “extended anterior part of body very dull purplish grey with ‘“‘darker grey eye-stalks. Hinder part of foot and mantle lobes ‘‘salmon-pink speckled with a paler shade ; under surface of foot “rather darker salmon-pink with a yellowish tinge along the ‘“edges. The margin of the sole in dorso-lateral view, salmon ‘“pink. Body of animal, seen through shell, horn-coloured, in ‘“‘one case with a few large pale flecks on the outer whorl.” Animal in spirit :—Both the right and left shell lobes are pecu- liarly long, rounded and thickened, in typical species of the genus | these are thin and flat, in this case they do not appear to broaden out when the animal is alive; they are connected with a band which overlaps the edge of the peristome and these with the dorsal lobes are conspicuous against the dark colour of the adjacent parts. The animal in this state is so well described above by Mr. Kemp, after whom I have the pleasure of naming it, that one made from a spirit specimen would be no improvement. ‘The gland at the extremity of the foot has an overhanging hooked lobe—the visceral sac is very blue black with 4 white spots on the periphery of the last whorl. It is this, seen through the transparent sienna brown shell, which gives it such a fine colour. Genitalia.—-The male organ is small, a short rather thick sheath from the end of which a long retractor muscle is given off, there is a very short and black epiphallus, and an equally short flagellum in which a spermatophore forming is seen, the vas — 1914.] HL. H. Gopwry-AvstEn : Mollusca, IT. 363 deferens joins at the base of this. The amatorial organ is pre- sent, very large and long, bent sharply on itself and held thus in this position by quite a net work of fine muscles. The sperma- theca is short thus corresponding to the short spermatophore, the ovotestis and prostate together are not at all like what is seen in true Macrochlamys, the convolute sacs of the first are short and form a very conspicuous regular row The radula is notable from its very dark colouration, confined to the subradula membrane on which it rests, and thus conforming to other parts of the animal, especially the visceral sac. This cha- racter constitutes it a dark race. The formula is 50. 3. I2. I 12. 3.50. The central and admedians are of the usual form, the marginals bicuspid, at first elongate narrow, lying close together, rather straight, with cusp far below the point, rising higher and higher, those near the margin itself shorter and evenly bicuspid. Jaw is very solid, much arched above, nearly straight in front, only slightly concave, differing from any that I can remember having seen before. Until I had seen the genitalia I had placed this mollusc in Macrochlamys ; they were however a surprise to me, the penis did not present the well-known typical characters of that genus. It at once recalled that of Savama kala from Damsang, Daling Dis- trict of Western Bhutan, while the form of the shell although much larger and the very dark colouration of the animal are common to both. We have here in the Abor country 420 miles to the east- waid avery close ally of S. kala, but differing in one character only, the presence of an amatorial organ or dart sac which the type of the genus does not possess. It modifies to this extent the description of the genus Savama, one I felt necessary to constitute and published in the *‘ Fauna of British India,’’ p. 275. The interest attaching to the distribution is ve y great, par- ticularly with regard to species of Sayama which no doubt remain to be found in the long stretch of intermediate mountain country, linking up the two species. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII. Austenia rotungensis, n. sp. Fics. 1, ta.—Shell, from above and below, X 2. Fic. 2.—Animal viewed from the right side, natural size. a = Do. from above. Do. 5, 4-—Apical coil of the visceral sac, X 4°5. »» 5-—Extremity of the foot. Sarama kemp1, n. sp. Fic. 6.—Shell, x 1°5. 5» 7—Animal, seen from right side, showing right shell lobe, and dorsal lobes, X 2. 8.— Do. from left side, showing the left shell lobes x2: 3) Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol. VIII., 1913. (Abor Exp.) ts H. H. Godwin Austen. del. ~ JNIEXOUR MOLECUSEGA ; Watford Engraving Co. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV. Austenia rotungensts, n. sp. Fic. 1.—Arrangement of the generative organs, X 2. Seen from below, the sole of the foot turned back showing the internal wall. 2,--The same as seen from the right side, exposing more of the internal organs, X 2. 3.—The generative organs separated out, X 4°5. ») », 4-—Jaw, xX 8. Fics. 5, 54,50, 5c.—-Teeth of the radula at different parts of the row, X 106. Sarama kempi, n. sp. Fic. 6.—The generative organs separated out, X 4°5. 9? 7 —Jaw, x 24. Plate XXIV. ant, 5b 4% ae 4, 5c Iynfl fy Te H. H. Godwin Austen. del. ABOR = MOLE USCA Watford Engraving Co. ‘y . iy xXIX. OLF@OCTAH 4’ A. By J. StepHeNson, D.Sc., Major, 1.M.S., Professor of Biology Government College, Lahore. (Plates xxvi-xxvil). INTRODUCTION. The interesting collection of earthworms here described was made in Assam and the Abor country, on the occasion of the recent Abor Expedition (1g11-12), by Mr. S. W. Kemp of the Indian Museum, the naturalist with the expedition. The leading features of the collection may be briefly summarized. Twenty-one species, and in addition one variety, are re- presented ; of these no fewer than eighteen, and the variety just alluded to, are new. Ten of the new species are represented only by single specimens, or at any rate by single mature specimens. In addition, a few specimens were indeterminable, or determinable only as regards the genus. The species are distributed among seven genera, Dyvawida, Plutellus, Megascolides, Notoscolex, Perionyx, Pheretima, and Eu- tybhoeus, all of which are known in India. In the case of many of the species, the habitat presents no peculiarity ; they were found in earth, under stones, while road- making, etc. The genus Perionyx, however, appears to choose other sites; the various species were frequently found in rotten wood, or under bark, while P. depressus was found at the base of the leaves of the plantain and screw-pine, ten, fifteen, or twenty feet from the ground. ‘This peculiarity is not unknown in the genus, the name arboricola having already been applied by Rosa to a species from Burma. The two species of Pheret¢ma were also found in rotten wood or under logs. One species of Drawida was found under a stone in water. I may here draw attention to a peculiarity which occurs seve- ral times in the collection,—the forward displacement, by one segment, of the organs of the anterior part of the body. This has occurred in the single specimen of Megascolides, and in the speci- mens of both species of Noftoscolex. With regard to the Megas- colides, the peculiarity may be merely individual, since in the absence of other examples it is impossible to say whether it extends to the whole species or not ; though, on the analogy of Notoscolex striatus, 1t may not improbably do so. In the case of Notoscolex the value of the variation is also not easily to be determined. It occurs in the species stvZatus in three 366 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. VE different captures, and is therefore not merely an individual pecu- liarity ; more than that, it occurs in the second species of the genus also, N. stewarti, and is therefore not even a specific pecu- liarity. The question naturally arises, whether in these circum- stances the two species should not be separated from Notoscolex as a separate genus, to be derived from this latter by a shifting for- wards of the organs to the extent of asegment. I have however adopted the more conservative course; the two species are evi- dently closely related, and have presumably become differentiated from an originally small stock of a few individuals which had sud- denly developed the mutation in question,—a variation which would seem to be without functional importance. From the point of view of geographical distribution the pre- dominating occurrence of the genus Perionyx was to be expected, and so also the presence of a number of species of Eutyphoeus. The proper region of Pheretima, however, terminates, according to Michaelsen (3), in N. Burma, and in fact one of the species of this genus (P. heterochaeta) found in the present collection is a wanderer, and has been found in many parts of the world; the other species (P. lignicola) however seems to be endemic, representing perhaps with P. dnomala from Calcutta (3, 4) outposts of this advancing and dominant genus. The genera Plutellus and Megascolides, with their headquarters in the Australian region, occur also in S. India and (Plutellus) in Ceylon; they are, however, already known, by means of single species, from the KE. Himalayas, and the present records serve to confirm the relationships thus indicated of the earthworm fauna of this region with that of S. India and Ceylon on the one hand, and with that of Australia on the other. Here too the occurrence of Notoscolex in the present collection calls for comment. This genus is already known, by means of numerous species, from both S. India—Ceylon and Australia, and from these regions only. Hitherto it has been lacking from inter- mediate territories, and the present record of two species thus accentuates the above double relationship of the EK. Himalayan fauna. Finally, relationships of a similar nature are shown by the occurrence of Dvawida, belonging to the Moniligastridae. The ancestral genus of the family, Desmogaséer, is endemic in Lower Burma, Sumatra and Borneo ; the headquarters of its descendant Drawida are in S. India and Ceylon; the genus has, however, been recorded a few times from other localities in India (Deccan, Central Provinces, Nepal), as well as from the Andamans, but these spe- cies are regarded by Michaelsen (3) as peregrine. It is therefore interesting to note that Drawida is one of the commonest worms in the present collection, and that, while one of the species is pro- bably identical with a species of S. India (D. pellucida), the others are new, and in one case at least (D. kempz) not closely related to D. pellucida. The fact is here again exemplified that the relation- ships of the region have a double direction,—to S. India and IgI4.| * J STEPHENSON: Oligochaeta. : 3607 Ceylon on the one hand as before, and on the other in the Austra- lian direction to Burma and the Malay Archipelago. The spread of the above-mentioned genera (Plutellus, Megas- colides, Notoscolex) of the Megascolecidae has been from the Austra- lian region; the ancestral home of the Moniligastridae, to which Dvawida, so abundant in S. India, belongs, is the Further India- Malayan region. ‘The extension has thus been, in both families, towards India from outside. As Michaelsen (3, 4) has made abundantly clear, there must in the past have existed means of communication between Australia and India, though not neces- sarily by means of broad or permanent land bridges. The view naturally first presents itself that India has been invaded by the representatives of the Megascolecidae by way of the Malay Peninsula round the head of the Bay of Bengal; and by the Moniligastridae from Burma (part of their original home) in the same way. Michaelsen however supposes a more direct means of communication, by way of a now submerged archipelago in the situation of the present Bay of Bengal (4) :—‘‘ Die verschiedenen zwischen Neuseeland, Australien, dem Malayischen Archipel und Hinterindien einerseits und den verschiedenen Distrikten Vorderin- diens samt Ceylon andererseits ausgespannten Landbrucken wur- den gebildet durch einen Archipel (ahnlich dem Malayischen Archipel) an Stelle des jetzigen Golfes von Bengalen, dessen Teile ihre Gestalt und ihre Verbindungen mit einander mehrfach wech- selten.’’ To this he is led by a consideration of the close relation- ship between the earthworm faunas of Australia and Ceylon, as well as by the lack of endemic representatives of the Moniligas- tridae in the plains of India (4) ; ‘‘es ist zum mindesten unwahr- scheinlich, dass die aus der hinterindisch-malayischen Desmogaster entsprossenen Dyawida-Ahnen bei ihrer Ausbreitung nach Sud- Indien hin den in der Jetztzeit gangbaren Weg um den Golf von Bengalen herum eingeschlagen haben sollten, Dieser in Std- Indien so iippig entwickelte Moniligastriden-Zweig witirde in den Zwischendistrikten, in Bengalen, Orissa, etc., wohl Relikte Zur- ickgelassen haben ; denn dies sind keine Distrikte, in denen beson- ders kraftige Formen wie Pheretima oder Lumbricidae herrs- chen. Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass den Moniligastriden ein anderer Weg von Hinterindien-Malakka-Sumatra, nach Stid-Indien offen stand, ein weg, der jetzt vom Golf von Bengalen uberflutet ists The fact that Drawida is one of the characteristic genera of the Abor country is therefore interesting, and may have some bearing on a future discussion of this question. The present records of the phyletically older genera of the Megascolecine branch of the Megascolecidae may be taken along with this occur- rence of Drawida. On the alternative theory (invasion of India by Megascolecidae and Moniligastridae by a route round the head of the Bay of Bengal), these would represent traces, not yet obli- terated by rival competitors, in the march of these invading genera from the south-east. 368 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.L. VIII, My best thanks are due to Dr. Annandale, Superintendent of the Natural History Department of the Indian Museum, for affording me the opportunity of examining this interesting collec- tion. LIST OF SPECIES REPRESENTED IN THE COLLECTION. Page Drawida pellucida (Bourne) ; My, ROS € 5 > var. stewarti, var. nov. 2309 Drawida rotungana, sp. nov. oe , saree Drawida decourcyt, sp. nov. i - Bests: Drawida kempt, sp. nov. cz H! 2 1376 Piutellus aborensis, sp nov. £3 i 2s Oe Megascolides oneillt, sp. nov. ic A Re 7 Notoscolex striatus, sp. nov. a? . £380 Notoscolex slewartt, sp. nov. oA fs AP 5) Perionyx excavatus, Perrier. 5 ie .. 386 Perionyx annulatus, sp. nov. aa RS: tates (6 Perionyx kempi, sp. nov. ha fe S OS89 Perionyx koboensis, sp. nov. a2 “2 = 30m Pertonyx aborensts, sp. nov. Hi i8; aoe Pertonyx depressus, sp. nov. 2 4 230! Pertonyx foveatus, sp. nov. be 3 .. 396 Pheretuma heterochaeta (Mchisn.) .. ee «309 Pheretima lignicola, sp. nov. ae A pores? 6 (0) Eutyphoeus kempi, sp.nov. _.. Ae ee. (oii Eutyphoeus koboensis, sp. nov... 5 3 OA Eutyphoeus aborianus, sp. nov. .. eff .. 406 Eutyphoeus magnus, sp. nov. i ie .. 408 Drawida pellucida (Bourne). Upper Rotung, alt. ca. 2000 ft., found road-making; 5-i-1912. A single specimen, not fully mature. I give below some anatomical details of the specimen I have identified as above, since there may perhaps be some doubt as to the actual specific identity. The point is of some interest in view of the geographical distribution of the genus. Length 3 inches; diameter 4 mm.; colour pale, non-pigment- ed. Segments 186. Prostomium invisible. Clitellum not distinguishable. Setae closely paired; aa = 8ab = be. ab=cd, dd =8 of circumference ; setae a and b are very minute behind segment xv, c and d are also small in the middle region of the body. The male apertures are slits, in groove 11, the margins of the adjacent segments bordering the apertures as slightly swollen lips ; the centre of the slit is placed between the lines of setae } and c, rather nearer to b, and the inner end of the slit extends inwards almost as far as the line b. The female apertures were not visible. IQr4. | : J. STEPHENSON: Oligochaeta. : 369 The spermathecal apertures are small, in furrow {, a little distance internal to the line of setae c. The first distinguishable septum is ¢; this and the three following are extremely stout, the rest thin. Five well-developed gizzards are present in segments xiv—xviil ; the portion of the oesophagus in xiii, thick and muscular, might be described as a rudimentary gizzard. The testicular sacs are subspherical, mainly situated in seg- ment x, but slightly bulging forwards also on the other side of septum 1%, into segment ix. ‘The duct could only be distinguished in segment x, not in ix. The prostate, perhaps not fully deve- loped, appears as a small oval to circular elevation on the floor of segment x. The spermathecae are small tubular or sausage-shaped sacs, attached to the posterior face of septum %; the curling duct bends outwards at its lower end. No trace of an atrium was visible. Ovaries were apparently not developed. The egg-sacs, also probably incompletely developed, are small, tubular, and confined to segment xil. The doubt that I have expressed above with regard to the identification of this specimen is caused by the fact that D. pellucida has hitherto only been found in Southern India (1600 miles distant from the Abor country), that the genus is rare in the intervening region, that the present specimen is immature, and that there are slight differences between it and the typical form of the species (e.g. in the setal intervals, and the presence or absence of a small atrium at the end of the spermathecal duct). But D. pellucida is apparently a species with a number of varieties (Michaelsen, 4), and if the present specimen does not actually be- long to the typical form of the species it at least comes very near it, and can hardly be more than a variety. It does indeed, in the arrangement of the setae, the absence of the atrium at the end of the spermathecal duct, and possibly in the shape of the sperma- thecal ampulla, show some affinity to D. pellucida var. bourner (Mchlsn.); and it is mainly the absence of pigment that decided me against identifying it with this form, since the features of the spermathecal apparatus just referred to might perhaps be due to immaturity. Drawida pellucida (Bourne) var. stewarti, var. nov. Renging ; 25-xi-1911 ; a single specimen, a fragment of the anterior end (4. H. Stewart). | Rotung, alt. 1300 ft., 24-xii-1g11 ; a number of specimens, mostly im- mature (/. H. Stewart). I propose first to describe the specimen from Renging and will then add a few lines on those from Rotung. Length of fragment 14 inches; diameter 34} mm.; colour a faint olive-green throughout. Segments present 76. 370 Records of the Indian Museum. [ Wor. VLE Prostomium small, prolobous, under cover of segment 1. There were no dorsal pores. The setae, all of moderately large size, are closely paired ; ad—= cd=}aa; behind the genital region aa—Oc, in front of the genital region however aa>bc; dd==* of circumference. Setae a and b are absent on segments ix and x, present on xi. A clitellum was doubtfully present, including segments ix, x, ; in any case it was very indistinct. The male apertures are on small papillae, in furrow 74, between the setal lines b and c, and rather nearer to 0; the papilla is bounded internally by the line 6, while externally its limit is within the line c. I cannot be absolutely certain, even after prolonged examin- ation, of the situation of the female and spermathecal apertures ; the female apertures appear to be just outside the line }, in furrow 12, and the spermathecal apertures are apparently slit-like, the centre of the slit just within the line c, in furrow § On segment ix, immediately in front of furrow 75, a well- marked transverse ridge extends across the mid-ventral line. The ridge is slightly dumbbell-shaped, 7.e. narrower in its centre; it extends outwards on each side to a point slightly beyond the line b. The grooves ;%o5 and ti are less deep ventrally than in the other parts of their circumference. The papillae of the male apertures are surrounded each by a fairly definite circular depression, and the surface of the body in the immediate neighbourhood of the papillae is irregular, and to the outer side somewhat puckered. Septa §—5 are thickened ; in front of this are a number of septum-like sheets of muscle, convex forwards and attached centrally to the pharynx, of which they act as dilators and retractors; but these are probably not homologous with septa. The rest of the septa are thin. There are four gizzards, in segments xvi—xix, that in xvi being smaller than the rest. There are no calcareous glands or vascular bulgings of the oesophagus. The last heart is in segment ix. The nephridia are attached to the posterior face of each septum, arching dorsalwards on each side to near the middle line above the alimentary canal. The testicular sacs are suspended but not constricted by septum 75; the shape of each sac is pyriform, the pointed end, directed forwards and outwards, being in segment ix, the rounded end in x. The vas deferens originates in ix, is visible on both sides of the septum, is long and coiled; it ends by piercing the body-wall anterior and internal to the prostate. The prostate is a comparatively small whitish hemispherical cushion-like mass on the ventral body-wall of x. The ovaries are free, not enclosed in an ovarian chamber, conspicuous, attached beneath the arch of the nephridia to the posterior face of septum 7%. Funnels were not seen. The egg-sacs Xi 1914. | J. STEPHENSON: Oligochaeta. aga were small, sausage-shaped, curved outwards at their hinder ends, and contained altogether in segment xil. The spermathecal ampulla is attached to the posterior face of septum &, in the arch of the nephridium ; it is egg-shaped, and almost meets its fellow, to which it is attached by a peritoneal band, in the middle line above the oesophagus. The duct is thin and much coiled, on the posterior face of the septum ; it makes no appearance in segment vii, and on reaching the body-wall it bends outwards to end in a lateral position, without any atrial dilatation. Of the specimens from Rotung, the longest was 24 inches, but specimens I} inches long showed the male papillae distinctly ; diameter 4 mm.; segments of one of the specimens about 165, vety closely crowded together except the first few. The colour varies considerably ; the specimen taken for dissection was pale, with an olive-green tinge in its anterior half; but in some of the smaller, immature specimens the olive colour was more pronounc- ed and not limited to the anterior part. The prostomium was apparently zygolobous. No clitellum could be distinguished in any of the specimens. The setae are strictly paired ; ab—=$—1'5 aa=cd ; be is slightly greater than aa; dd=? of the circumference. Setae a and 0 are absent on segment xi, present on ix and x. The male and spermathecal apertures are as in the previous specimen ; the female apertures were not distinguishable. None of the specimens showed the genital markings described in the previous specimen. Four well-developed gizzards are present, in segments xv— XViii, that in xv being smaller than the rest ; the portion of the oesophagus in xiv may be described as a rudimentary gizzard. In shape and position the sperm-sac shows an exact corres- pondence with that of the specimen first described; the duct is also exactly comparable in its course and ending. The prostate in the present example was slightly oval with its long axis trausverse, cushion-like, and not much elevated. The female organs also agree; and so too the spermathecal apparatus, except that the ampulla in the present example was very small, probably undeveloped. The feature of the Rotung specimens which leads me to identify them with the Renging worm, is the characteristic shape of the testicular sac ; and, in general, the close correspondence in the anatomy of the genital organs. It is quite possible that some of the differences are due to the Renging specimen being more fully developed ; thus we may perhaps account for the absence of genital marks and of all trace of a clitellum in the examples from Rotung, as well as for the small size of the spermathecal ampulla. A difference of a segment in the position of the gizzards need cause no hesitation. ‘There thus remains a slight difference in the ratio S72 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor VEEL, of aa and bc, and the fact that while in the first described specimen setae a and 0 are absent on ix and x and present on xi, the reverse is the case in the second. The positions of the genital apertures, and the absence of a spermathecal atrium, oblige us to include these specimens in that group of forms which are closely related to, or constitute mere varieties of, D. pellucida (Michaelsen, 4). The distinguishing fea- tures of the specimens here described appear to be the shape of the testicular sacs, and the presence (in some individuals, perhaps in all when mature) of the transverse ridge on the ventral surface of segment ix. Since I doubt whether these are of more than varietal value, I distinguish the specimens as D. fellucida var. stewart. Drawida rotungana, sp. nov. Two specimens, one small, mutilated, softened and not fully mature, hinder end regenerated in both. Rotung, Abor country, alt. 1300 ft., under stones ; 8-iii-1912; with Perionyx annulatus. Length 22 inches; diameter 4 mm. ; colour whitish through- out, with a faint yellow tinge towards the anterior end. Segments 187, of which the last 49 have been regenerated ; all segments except about the first twelve extremely short. Prostomium prolobous. No dorsal pores. Setae small, closely paired ; abcd, aa slightly less than bc, dd=* of circumference, aa approximately=8 ab. Clitellum not obvious, possibly includes segments x and xi. Male apertures in intersegmental groove 77, on small papillae midway between lines of setae band c. Ventral setal couples absent in segment x. Female apertures very minute, in groove 72, just outside line of setac D. Spermathecal apertures not actually seen ; there were however a pair of minute papillae in groove $, slightly internal to line of setae c, which probably represent their position. A pair of small genital papillae are present, on segment ix, close to the posterior border of the segment in line of setae 0. Septum $ is thick and septa ¢;—%5 are extremely thick ; io and rr are displaced backwards. Septa 17 and i are united dorsally, and the space contained between them had to be exposed by tearing open their line of junction; the chamber so opened, which contains the ovaries and openings of the egg-sacs, has as its floor a thin peritoneal membrane which lies dorsal to the alimen- tary tube. There were six well-developed gizzards, in segments xv to xx. The last heart was in segment ix. The testicular vesicles are situated on septum io, projecting as large, compact-looking, rather rectangular masses forwards into ix and backwards into x; they are considerably constricted by the septum. On opening one, the funnel was seen, large and Igr4. | J. STEPHENSON : Oligochaeta. 373 iridescent, as a flattish bowl-shaped structure, its margin thickened and recurved but not puckered or folded. The vas deferens is long and much coiled ; it passes down the posterior face of the septum, and pierces the body-wall close to the antero-internal margin of the prostate. This latter organ is a hemispherical white mass, sessile on the ventral body-wall of segment x; it is covered by a peritoneal investment. ‘There was no vestigial prostate in ix. The ovaries are comparatively large and folded masses, attached to the anterior septum of segment xi, and contained in the chamber described above. The egg-sacs open on the posterior wall of the chamber in a funnel-shaped depression with a prominent upper lip; each extends back through xii and xiii into xiv. There were numerous ova free in the ovarian chamber, adhering to its anterior and posterior walls; I did not identify the ovarian funnels and oviducts. The spermathecae are in segment viii; each is an ovoid sac, attached to the posterior face of septum {, and situated beneath an arch formed by the curve of the nephridium, which is also attached by a mesentery to the posterior face of the septum. From the lower end of the ampulla a fine white much coiled duct descends to the ventral body-wall; its terminal portion is directed outwards and pierces the body-wall some distance towards the side; even when followed into the body-wall it shows no percept- ible thickening or muscular glitter, and it has no appendages. No part of the apparatus gets into segment vii. The present species is nearly related to the group of forms which have been subsumed by Michaelsen (4) under D. fellucida. Besides the slight differences in the position of the genital apertures with regard to the setal lines, and the shape of the testicular sacs, the comparatively large number of gizzards and the presence of genital papillae will serve to distinguish the present form. Drawida decourcyi, sp, nov. Upper Rotung, Abor country, alt. ca. 2000 ft. ; 11-i-1912 (M. de Cour- cy). A single specimen. Renging, 24-xi-1g11 (Ff. H. Stewart). Two specimens, one immature, both incomplete posteriorly, and one small fragment. Same place, 25-xi-1g1r (fF. H. Stewart). A fragment, probably the hinder end of an example of this species. Length 7 inches; greatest diameter 8 mm.; colour pale green ventrally and laterally, a dark bluish green dorsally, except at anterior end where the dorsal surface is pale green, like the ventral. Segments 226; those of the middle and posterior parts of the body are very short. The posterior end of the body is as if truncated, not tapering; the last three segments show on the flat posterior end. Segment v is faintly biannulate; vi faintly, vii and viii markedly triaunulate: ix biannulate, with a very 374 Records of the Indian Museum. VOL: eV.Grh deep groove all round; x and xi biannulate dorsally ; and segments from xii onwards biannulate as far as the middle of the body; the rest consist of a single annulus. The posterior two inches of the body are marked by a ventral groove which includes the interval between the ventral rows of setal bundles. The prostomium was invisible. There are no dorsal pores. The clitellum was not distinguishable. The setae are closely paired; they begin on segment ti; aa= hc==approximately to ab; abcd; dd=; of circumference. The male apertures are in furrow 11; they are of large size, and slit-like, the inner end of the slit being in the line of setae a, the centre of the slit a little distance outside 0, and its outer end halfway between 6 and c. The slits are curved, their chief convexity being directed posteriorly and somewhat internally. The male pores lie within a deep rectangular depression, which includes more of segment x than of xi; the anterior border of xi slopes down into the hollow, the floor of which is constituted by the posterior } of segment x, while the anterior of the three annuli of x forms its prominent anterior margin; laterally the depression extends to the outer ends of the male apertures. The female pores are minute, in furrow jz, in the line of setae b, or (Renging specimen) between a and 0. The spermathecal apertures are moderately conspicuous, in furrow {, internal to the line of setae c, about 5 of the distance from c to Db. . The first distinguishable septum is {, which, laterally a well- defined broad sheet, is however broken up mid-dorsally into two ot three separate broad muscular bands; this structure may be a sheet of pharyngeal muscle only, and not morphologically a septum. Septum | is thick, concave backwards, and approxi- mated to 3, which it joins dorsalwards. Septa ¢—3 are much thickened ; the rest are thin. Septa i and ty are bulged back- wards, the former especially ; in segment ix I noticed a distinct dorsal mesentery. Well-developed gizzards are present, one in each segment from xviii to xxv, eight in all. Several septa behind the last gizzard are bulged far backwards by it; and the septa of segments xxi to xvi are bulged forwards, some of them considerably. In xvii the alimentary tube is rather softer than in the segments behind ; its diameter is the same however, though it is divided by a constric- tion from the gizzard in xviii. I think that the portion of the tube in xvii should be reckoned as an additional gizzard, though in some degree rudimentary ; this would bring the total number up to nine. In xvi and forwards the tube is seen to consist of well-marked longitudinal muscular bundles continuous from segment to segment, and presents no intersegmental constrictions ; its diameter diminishes in xvi (working forwards), its walls be- come progressively less resistant, and in xiv are quite soft. I9r4.] J. STEPHENSON: Oligochaeta. J 395 The last hearts ate in ix. The testicular sacs are of moderate size, rather rectangular in shape, in segment x, attached to and depending backwards from septum yo. Each sperm-duct is a fine tube, which forms a relatively immense close-packed coil, larger than the testicular sac ; it occupies a portion of segments ix and x, lying in front of the sac in ix, and on its outer side, to which it is applied, in x. Its great length reminds one of the description given by Bourne (1) of the duct in D. grandis ; it must be at least as long in this species, relatively to the smaller size of the animal. The duct enters the prostate at a point which would be, in the natural condition of the parts, at the upper and posterior part of its inner surface (on its upper surface, towards its posterior end and near the outer margin, as the specimen lies pinned out). The prostate is oval in shape, with its long axis antero- posterior, cushion-like, sessile on and firmly attached to the body- wall ; its surface is shining, due to distinct bundles of longitudinal muscular fibres, and its anterior half is again covered over by a separate layer of transverse muscular bundles. It is situated in segment x (reckoning by the septa) ; but it corresponds externally LO to segment xi, overlapping furrow {7 only by its anterior end; septum 71 is bulged backwards by it, and is attached to the body- wall round its posterior end. The ovaries are of considerable size, massive, not branched or folded, and are situated in an ovarian chamber which also contains the nephridia of segment xi, and out of which open the egg-sacs. The chamber arches over the alimentary canal; its limits are defined dorsally by the fusion of septa 7? and 72; this fusion takes place, not at the insertion of the septa into the dorsal body-wall, but along a line some distance below this, between their parietal insertion and the alimentary tube. Between this line of fusion and the dorsal body-wall the two septa are not fused, but merely adherent, and can be separated without tearing. The egg-sacs are elongated, with irregular bulgings; they extend backwards into segment xiv, where they bend inwards and slightly overlap in the middle line. Septa 72 and 73 are fused together round the stem of the sac where this passes through them; the sac is narrow in xiii, swelling out just behind ti. The ampulla of the spermatheca is subspherical in shape, and is situated under the arch of the nephridium on the posterior face of septum £, to which both it and the nephridium are attached. The duct is thin and moderateiy coiled; it passes down the posterior face of the septum to the body-wall, and piercing the septum enters segment vii; its extreme terminal portion becomes a little stouter and firmer, and joins the atrium at its base. The atrium is an oval sac, which lies on and partly in the body-wall of segment vii, its free rounded end directed forwards ; the length of the atrium is about half that of the segment in which it lies. 376 Records of the Indian Museum. Vo.. VIII, Drawida kempi, sp. nov. Egar stream, between Renging and Rotung, under stone in water; 9-i- TOI ek single specimen. Length 3 inches; diameter 5 mm. Colour light olive green. Segments 125 ; no secondary annulation. Prostomium small, under cover of segment i, prolobous. No dorsal pores. Setae closely paired; anteriorly aa—8ab—=bc=8cd, dd=* of circumference ; in the posterior part of the body the ventral pairs © of setae become approximated, aa being reduced. No clitellum was visible on the dorsal surface; it was possibly represented ventrally by a slight apparent thickening of segments x and xi. The male apertures are situated on small papillae in inter- segmental groove 11; the centre of each papilla is just within the line ofsetaec. Around each papilla is a slightly darker area of skin, which extends on each side in a transverse direction from the line of setae b outwards to beyond the line of d; in a longitudinal direction each area extends over the greater part of segments x and xi, being however longer (antero-posteriorly) at its outer than its inner limit. Each area is slightly depressed along its anterior and posterior borders, so as to form a couple of shallow grooves. The female apertures are minute, in iz, in the line of setae 0. The spermathecal apertures are one pair, small, in groove &, between the lines c and d, or perhaps rather in c; the setae in this region in the specimen are few, and exact estimation of the position difficult. The first septum is ¢; in front of this the retractor muscles of the pharynx have the arrangement in successive transverse sheets which has been noticed in the previous species. Septa ¢, +, 8, s are thickened, the last most so. ‘The rest of the septa are thin (or, in this specimen, softened from defective preservation). There are no calcareous glands. There are four gizzards, in segments xvi—xix; of these the three posterior are large, round, and well-developed, while that in xvi is smaller. In xv a thick- ened portion of the oesophagus, with strong longitudinal muscular fibres, marked off by a slight constriction from the gizzard in xvi, might rank as a rudimentary gizzard Evenin xiv the oesophagus is still thicker than normal. The last heart is in segment ix. The nephridia have the same arrangement in relation to the septa as has been described in previous species. The sperm sacs are large yellowish masses, suspended and constricted by septum 15; approximately equal portions of the sac are situated in each segment (ix and x). The vas deferens is a fine tube, not very much coiled, running down the posterior face of the septum to the body-wall; it then enters the prostate at the lower and inner margin of the latter (in the position in 1gT4.| 3 J. STEPHENSON: Oligochaeta. eiry: which the organs appear in the dissection), nearer its anterior than its posterior border. The prostate is a large cuboid milky white mass of soft con- sistency, with a granular surface, with a narrow attachment to the body- wall. Segment xi constitutes a large egg-chamber, with a mass of eggs lying dorsal to the alimentary canal. The funnels appear to be of unusual size, with fringed margins prolonged upwards on the anterior face of septum t:. The egg-sacs have a relatively narrow neck which passes through segments xii and xiii; the sacs swell out to a large size in xiv ; in the present specimen that of the right side does not extend beyond xiv, while that on the left side reaches back into xv. The sacs touch each other in the mid-dorsal line, completely overlap- ping the intestine. Numerous brown granules, the size of a pin’s head, were present in the egg-sacs and egg-chamber (cf. Perionyx depressus). The spermathecae are in segment vili. Each has a consider- able ovoid ampulla, which overlies the nephridium on the posterior face of septum s, the nephridium being between ampulla and septum, and thus not arching over the ampulla as in the previously described species. The duct is much coiled as it passes down the septum; on arriving at the ventral body-wall it runs outwards, still slightly coiling. It terminates on the left side, in the present specimen, in a small slightly dilated portion, which however is by no means marked, being only about twice the ordinary diameter of the duct; on the right side even this slight dilatation was not discoverable. Megascolides oneilli, sp. nov. (Plo xxviv fics i>?) A single specimen, in a poor state of preservation. Janakmukh, Abor country ; 13-xii-1g11 (F. S. O’Nez/). Length 7} inches; greatest diameter 6 mm.; colour light olive green, darker on and in front of clitellum. Segments, ca 244. Prostomium proepilobous. Dorsal pores very obvious (due to state of preservation), first in groove i7, present on clitellum. Segments i-iii consist of a single annulus, iv is biannulate, v-xi more or less obviously quadriannulate; xii is triannulate. Behind the clitellum the intersegmental grooves themselves are not distinguishable (in the present specimen). The setae are very small, difficult to see, and almost indistin- guishable over the greater part of the body. They are rather widely paired ; aa = 2ab anteriorly, = 24ab behind clitellum and = 3a) further back; ab = 2bc; bc slightly or obviously >cd; dd = approx. 2 circumference. Setae are present on the clitellum ; but the ventral setae of segments xvii and xviii are absent. 378 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOEsNeEET, The clitellum extends from xiii—? xvi= 33. The animal is thicker here, and there is no indication of intersegmental furrows; two oblique cracks are present on the ventral surface. In dissec- tion the clitellum is very friable. The male apertures are on segment xvii, between the lines of setae a and 0, but perhaps rather nearer a; they are fairly close together, near the middle line; each has tumid and folded lips. The orifices are connected by a transverse groove, which is continued outwards on each side for a short distance external to the apertures, then turning at right angles and becoming longitu- dinal it runs backwards on each side for a distance equal about to the length of a segment; its margins are sharp-cut throughout (fig. I). Parallel to the longitudinal limbs of this groove, and just internal to these, is on each side a second groove; these latter become deeper in the posterior part of their extent; they are about equal in length to the longitudinal limbs of the first groove, projecting back slightly behind them, and not quite reaching the transverse groove in front. The intervening ridge between the two longitudinally running grooves on each side is cut in two by a narrow cleft (fig. I). Over the midventral area between these grooves is a series of wrinkles,—three distinct transverse furrows and a number of smaller and less marked longitudinal wrinkles. Anterior to the male apertures, between them and the posterior boundary of the clitellum, is an elongated depression, transverse in direction, and deepest at its ends (fig. I). The female apertures are moderately conspicuous, on the anterior part of the clitellum, in line with the setae of segment xiii. They are close together near the middle line, and apparently take the place of setae a in this segment though closer together than the setae a of most segments. The spermathecal apertures are two pairs, in grooves > and ¢, in the line of setae a. The first septum is $, behind the massive pharynx; ¢ is thin, st? are all thickened, 13 and 13 are slightly thickened, and the rest are thin. Septum ¢ is very oblique, being attached to the alimentary canal at a level much posterior to its insertion into the parietes; and the same is the case, and even more markedly with 7. There is a large, elongated, cylindrical and very firm gizzard in segment vi. The calciferous glands are four pairs, in segmentsix—xii. Those in ix are oval in shape, situated dorso-laterally on the oesophagus, and attached to the anterior face of septum yo within the curve of the heart ; internally their structure is lamellar. A similar pair of structures is present in x, and another in xi; the latter are rather larger, and bulge backwards into xii through a rounded aperture with a well-defined margin in septum 12. The glands of segment xii lie posteriorly in the segment, and are hemispherical 3 5 ub 1 1914.] ; J. STEPHENSON: Oligochaeta. 379 in shape, the flat face looking forwards; they lie, and strongly bulge backwards, against septum 15; internally their structure is lamellar. The glands of segments x and xi contained large calcareous masses. The intestine begins in xiv. The last heart is in xii. In addition to numerous micronephridia on the inner surface of the body-wall, there is also in each segment in the posterior part of the body a pair of large meganephridia. A large mass of micronephridia is attached on the anterior face of septum +; owing to the obliquity of the septum, the mass is narrowly included between the septum on its outer and the oeso- phagus on its inner side; there are also a number of micronephri- dia on the posterior face of the same septum. A fluffy tuft of micronephridia is situated on and posterior to a softish white pad just internal to the prostatic aperture; the pad is ovoid, not much raised, and extends transversely from the prostatic duct to the ventral nerve cord. A pair of male funnels were seen lying free in segment x ; testes were not distinguished. Neither were found in xi. The vesiculae seminales are two pairs; one in x, of moderate size, flattened, their edges cut up into lobes, and attached to the posterior face of 7%; and one in xi, attached to the posterior face of 1?. On the left side the posterior of the two seminal vesicles appeared to perforate septum t: and enter the anterior part of xi1. The male ducts were not distinctly seen. The prostates are lobular; that on the right extends through segments xiv—xvii, that on the left through xv—xvii. The prostatic duct is bent once or twice in its course, and narrows towards its end. The ovary is large, in segment xii; also in this segment is a moderate-sized funnel. A minute folded structure in xiii was examined microscopically, but was found not to be ovarian in nature. The spermathecae are two pairs, situated near the middle line in segments vi and vii. Owing to the obliquity of the septa, the anterior spermatheca is at the level of the middle of the micro- nephridial mass in v, and the posterior is at the level of the anterior part of the gizzard. Each spermatheca is directed backwards, is tubular in form, bent on itself several times, its inner end rather dilated; ampulla and duct are not distinguishable. A small sub- globular diverticulum is attached close to its external termination (fie. 2): No penial setae were seen. Though the segments were difficult to count with certainty, on account of the secondary annulations being in places of equal distinctness with the primary, and the setae small or absent, I convinced myself that, for the present specimen, the above num- bering of the segments is correct. The specimen is therefore evidently abnormal, and to obtain a correct idea of the species to which it belongs it is necessary to suppose the organs shifted 380 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VEE, one segment back. The calciferous glands will thus, in a normal specimen, occupy segments x—xiii, and the intestine would begin in xv; the last heart would be in xiii, the testes in xi, vesiculae seminales in xi and xii, spermathecae in vii and viii. The gizzard seems to have the normal position for the genus. Notoscolex striatus, sp. nov. (Pl. xxvi, figs. 3-5.) Rotung, alt. 1300 ft.; under stones ; 21-xii-1g11. Four specimens, one much smaller than the rest. Upper Rotung, alt. ca. 2000 ft. ; found in earth when road-making ; 4-i- 1912. A single specimen, the hinder end incomplete. Same locality, 5-1-1912. Several specimens, some headless or tailless. Three specimens were examined and dissected, one from each capture. Length 84 inches; diameter max. 5-6 mm.; colour pale yellow- ish or pale grey throughout, except clitellum which is light brown. Segments 297. Prostomium relatively minute, prolobous, under cover of segment i. The first three segments consist of single annuli; iv and v are biannulate; vi-xii are triannulate, though there may be slightly marked subsidiary annulation in addition; and the same may be said of the post-clitellial segments. The first dorsal pore is in furrow 7; all are conspicuous. The setae are all ventral; they are small, considering the size of the worm. Behind the clitellum ad are moderately closely paired, cd less closely ; ab = 7-4 aa (more posteriorly = } aa) = 3-4 bc; be slightly >cd. In front of the clitellum the setae are often difficult to see ; in vii the ratios were ab slightly > 4 aa, be = cd = Itab, but these latter ratios are variable ; dd = 7-3 circum- ference. The clitellum embraces segments xili-xv = 3; dorsal pores and setae are present. A very characteristic genital area is present over the ventral portions of segments xvi, xvii and xviii (fig. 3). In shape it is rectangular, extending longitudinally from the level of the setae of xvi to those of xviii, and transversely embracing the region between the lines of setae c of each side. In colour it is brown, the pigmentation being best marked all round the borders of the area and over a longitudinal midventral tract. The centre of the area, - the midventral portion of segment xvii,—is depressed. Next to the pigmentation, the most conspicuous feature of the area is the presence of a pair of longitudinal grooves. ‘They are narrow, with definite margins and a rather wavy course; they traverse segment xvii in the line of setae a, or between a and 0, and at or just beyond both the anterior and posterior limits of the segment they bend outwards, thus taking an oblique course ,— more transverse than longitudinal,—for a short distance before terminating near the border of the pigmented area. egies J. STEPHENSON : Oligochaeta. 4/385 A third characteristic feature of the area is the presence of four small papillae, or nodular wart-like projections immediately lateral to the anterior and posterior limits of the longitudinal portion (not the oblique portion) of each of the grooves. Compar- ing what was said above as to the extent of the grooves, it will be seen that these wart-like projections occupy approximately the situation of furrows 77 and ts, in the position ab. A number of setae are absent on segments xvii and xviii. The above description of the genital area is taken from the specimen first examined (Upper Rotung, 5-i-1912). A few differ- ences in detail characterized the specimen selected for examina- tion from Rotung, 21-xii-IgII (fig. 4); the oblique portions of the grooves were shorter and more directly transverse in direction ; the warts were larger, and might indeed be described as ‘ tags’, i.e. they were more or less rounded bodies attached Ly a narrow base; and the pigmentation was less intense; only setae a and Dd of xvii were missing. The male apertures were not discoverable in the first speci- men; in that last referred to they were minute pores, in the course of the grooves and in the situation of the missing setae a of segment xvil. The female apertures appeared to be paired, and situated in minute grooves just in front of setae a of xiii; but this was only made out in one specimen, and is doubtful. The spermathecal apertures are very minute, in furrows $ and $, in or (Rotung, 21I-xii-1g11) well internal to the line of setae a. In front of the first definite septum is a series of muscular layers and bands extending between the body-wall and pharynx, of which latter they act as dilators and retractors. Septa $14 are all much thickened; # and the succeeding two or three are attached to the alimentary canal at a level much posterior to their parietal insertion. After i? the next few septa are slightly and diminishingly thickened, and the rest are thin. The gizzard is large, barrel-shaped, in front of septum +, but corresponding externally to segments vii, viii and ix; thus sep- tum } is attached to the oesophagus at the level of furrow i. Calcareous glands are present in segments ix, x, xi and xii (absent in x in one specimen); they are transversely elongated, somewhat sausage-shaped, and attached to the anterior faces of the septa 70-13 within the curve of the hearts. The intestine begins in xiv. The last heart is in segment xii. The excretory organs are micronephridia; these are very small, and are best seen in the anterior part of the body as tufts in and in front of segment vi. They are scattered irregularly on the body-wall; apparently few occur between segments vii and the clitellum. There are no meganephridia in the posterior part of the body. There are two pairs of testes, situated in segments ix and x ; these are placed deeply in the segment, and each consists of a 382 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VIII, number of fine, relatively long thread-like processes, arising from a common base on the posterior face of the septum (5 and 7x5). The funnels, in the same segments, are small, not fringed, and somewhat iridescent. The vesiculae seminales are paired, in segments x, xiand xii; each is a lobulated mass, flattened antero-posteriorly, lying on the posterior face of the corresponding septum, to which it is attached by a broad base. ‘The vas deferens was not distinguishable in any of the specimens dissected. The prostate is a small lobed organ, confined to segment xvii or extending also into xviii, and lying flat on the body-wall ; the duct leaves the inner side of the gland, and forms a single U-shaped loop, the bend of the Y being internal. There are no penial setae. The ovaries, of moderate size, are in segment xii; each consists of a number of -finger-like processes. ‘The funnels are small, the outer edge of each being much produced laterally, so that each funnel constitutes a transversely situated groove bordered by upper and lower lips. The spermathecae (fig.. 5) are-two pairs, situated by the side of the nerve cord in segments vii and viii. Each is a small simple ovoid sac, with a short duct, not sharply marked off from the ampulla, opening near the middle line in grooves 7 and ¢ respectively. Each has a single tubular diverticulum, slightly dilated at its free end, and as long as or slightly longer than the ampulla; the diverticulum is on the anterior side of the ampulla, against which and on the upper surface of which it reposes. A peculiarity of the diverticulum is that it arises from the duct within the body-wall. In one of the specimens examined a sper- matheca was found without diverticulum. Notoscolex stewarti, sp. nov. (Pl. xxvi, figs. 6-8.) Rotung, alt. 1300 ft.; 24-xti-1911. Two specimens, of which one was small and immature (7. H. Stewart). Length 3: inches; diameter maximum 3: mm. ; colour pale olive green, first few segments colourless. Segments 216. Prostomium small, prolobous. Segments i-iii consist of single annuli ; iv is faintly triannulate, v-xii fully so. The first dorsal pore was in furrow x in the small specimen, in 77 in the larger ; the pores are not visible on the clitellum. The setae are paired, and behind the clitellum the pairs are situated on small white transverse ridges. Behind the clitellum ab = aa (more posteriorly jaa) =4bc =cd; in front of the clitel- lum the ratios are the same, except that ab—=2aa; dd is very slightly less than § of the circumference. The clitellum is white in colour, ring-like, with well-defined margins, extending over segments xiii-xv = 3. The body is 1QI4.] = J. STEPHENSON : Oligochaeta. “eRe wider in this region ; grooves, secondary annulations, and dorsal pores are absent. but setae are present. The genital field (fig. 6) is reminiscent of that of N. striata as repards the longitudinal grooves and wart-like papillae ; though at first glance the appearances seem markedly different. Thus there is no yellow or brown pigmentation; the whole ventral surface of segments xvi-xviii, from the line of setae d on one side to the same line on the other, is whitish in colour and appears thickened, thus resembling the clitellum; the intersegmental furrows are obliterated, and a number of short transverse fissures or grooves make their appearance. The longitudinal grooves, bent outwards at their ends, have very much the position des- cribed in NV. stviata. The four wart-like projections are also present, but not quite so close to the grooves. In addition, a couple of transverse shallow groove-like depressions, without definite margins, join the longitudinal grooves of opposite sides.across the middle line, between the situations of the bends, near their ex- tremities. Seta a is present, but not b, on both sides in segments xvi and xviii; both a and 2 are absent in xvii. The male aperture, minute, was seen on the right side within the longitudinal groove, at the middle of its length ; it was not certainly distinguished on the left side. The female apertures are paired, small and not easy to see, on segment xiii just in front of and internal to setae a. The spermathecal apertures were also difficult to distinguish ; they are small, slit-like, in furrows ? and s, approximately in the line of setae a ; ‘though as the setae have fallen out or are indis- tinguishable in this region, the exact location is impossible. The first septum is $, which, as in the previous species, is strongly concave forwards. It and the two following septa are considerably thickened, though much less so than in N. striata; septa 35, 17 and 12 are only slightly thickened. The gizzard is barrel-shaped, and situated in front of septum ® +: its walls are of moderate thickness, though rather soft. Cal- careous glands are present in segments x, xi and xii. The intes- tine begins in xiv. _ There are numerous micronephridia attached to the body- wall; at the sides of the anterior part of the gizzard they consti- tute large tufts of fairly long tubes. The last heart is in segment xii. The testes are in segments ix and x; they lie deeply, close to the ventral nerve cord, and each consists, as in the previous species, of numerous fine thread-like processes, arising close together from a circumscribed base. The funnels, in the same segments, are relatively large and iridescent. The vesiculae seminales are two pairs, in segments x and xi; they are flattened antero-posteriorly, elongated in shape and arching up from below so as nearly to meet dorsally above the oesophagus ; their edges are slightly lobulated ; each is attached to the posterior face of the respective septum for a ’ considerable length. 384 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. Vi, The prostate (fig. 7) is large and conspicuous. It occupies two segments, xvii and xviii, and is almost cut into two by a deep indentation in the situation of septum 15; each of these two principal lobes forms a compact mass with its surface some- what indented into secondary lobes. The two chief lobes are connected ventrally by a narrow junction from which arises the duct. The vas deferens joins the anterior of the two chief lobes not far from the origin of the prostatic duct. The latter is short, consists of a single U-shaped bend, and ends in segment xvii. The ovaries are situated in segment xii; they are large, and consist of a number of finger like processes. The funnels are small. The spermathecae (fig. 8) are two pairs, in segments vi and vii, opening in furrows ; and §, i.e. in the furrow behind the segment in which they lie; they are situated in the middle of large tufts of micronephridia. Each is a subspherical or rather pyriform sac, of moderate size, narrowing to be implanted on the body-wall, with scarcely anything that can be called a duct. There is a single diverticulum situated on the anterior side of the ampulla, to which it is about equal in length; the diverticulum is club-shaped, being rather wider at its inner than at its outer end, and arises from the duct of the main sac in the substance of the body-wall. The presence of the same grooves, and the same wart-like projections, on the genital area, as well as the similarity of the spermathecal apparatus, indicate a near relationship between the two species just described. On the other hand the considerable difference in size, the presence of only three pairs of calcareous glands and two pairs of seminal vesicles, and the characters of the prostate in the second form, appear to justify the distinction of the two forms as separate species. Plutellus aborensis, sp. nov. (Pl xxvi- diese 6, 10x) Rotung, alt. 1300 ft., on path ; 26-xii-1911. . That in xi is slightly 10 lobed, and is attached to septum i%. That in xii is the largest, and is lobed ; it is attached to septum i2, and, by bulging back septum 13, it appears to occupy segment xiii also, and even extends to the level of 7%. In a specimen at a younger stage of maturity (the one in which the testes were notably large), seminal vesicles were only present in xi and xii; those in xi were united to a single sac, as above, while those in xii were still separate. The prostates are massive, rather rectangular blocks, not much cut up into lobes, occupying segment xvii; they bulge forwards septum 75 so as apparently to occupy xvii also. The duct, on the under surface of the gland, is bent a few times so as to have a sinuous course; 'it is broader towards its end. The female organs have the usual situation. The spermathecae are ovoid sacs in segments vii and viii, situated with their long axis transversely. They appear pro ni- nently at the sides of the alimentary canal when the specimen is opened; they are without diverticulum, and the short duct is extremely wide,—a half or three quarters of the diameter of the ampulla itself. The sac has a transparent appearauce, due to its containing a hard ovoid yeilowish glassy mass, which under the microscope shows no structure. 396 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VIII, The genital setae are present as a considerable bunch, con- tained in a sac between prostate and intestine. In length they are 2 mm., in breadth 18 ». They are straight except for a slight curve towards the tip; the extremity is pointed, and the distal part of the shaft shows a number, 20 or more, of circlets of small spines; the circlets are closer together near the distal end. ‘They thus closely resemble those of P. koboensis. Perionyx foveatus, sp. nov. (Plo xxvii, Ties 215.109) Renging, in rotten wood; 19-xii-1g11. One complete specimen and two fragments together composing a second specimen. Same place and date. Four specimens. Rotung, alt. 1300 ft., in -rotten wood; 28-xii-1911. A single speci- men. Upper Rotung, found road-making ; 5-i-1912. A single specimen. Length max. 2 inches; diameter max. 3 mm. Colour, dor- sally dark brown to dark purple, ventrally paler. The ventral surface behind the clitellar region is concave in transverse section. Segments 112. Prostomium epilobous 2; it shows a slight median longi- tudinal groove. There is no intersegmental furrow between segments i and ii. The first dorsal pore is either in furrow ¢ or ¢. The setae are disposed in rings which are unbroken ven- trally. Dorsally there is an interval, zz averaging 2-22yz, but it is irregular, its limits being about I2-3yz. Ventrally the setae are set much closer than dorsally. In number about 48 were counted in segment x, about 45 in xx; they are difficult to dis- tinguish dorsally owing to the dark colour of the worm. The clitellum includes segments xiii-xvil or 2xvili= 5-52; the body was constricted here in most specimens, but swollen in one of the batches from Renging. Setae are present but dorsal pores absent. In the Renging specimens just men- tioned the clitellum showed a secondary annulation, due to the appearance of a groove round the middle of each segment in the situation of the setal ring. The male pores are on segment xviii, rather posterior to the line of the setal ring. ‘They are rounded apertures of some size, with indistinct circular lips, and distant from each other about 5 of the circumference. In furrow 1%, in front of and slightly internal to the male apertures, are situated a pair of. rather irregular somewhat puckered depressions, or pits, connected with each other across the middle line by a groove which is convex backwards (fig. 15). The mid-ventral region between the pits and apertures of each side is depressed. Com- plete rings of setae are present on segments xvil and xix; the ting 1s interrupted on xviii by the male pores; mid-ventrally 191 4.] = J. STEPHENSON : Oligochaeta. 397 however, in the depressed area between the pores, there isa row of about eight setae. Variations in the appearance of the pits are found; thus they vary in depth, being occasionally quite shallow, and in the amount of puckering of their sides; they may appear, with the furrow connecting them, as a transverse groove occupying a position between the setal rings of xvii and xviii. The con- dition shown in fig. 16 is to be derived from that first described by lengthening the posterior angles of the puckered pits till they reach the male pores; in the specimen there figured, the pores thus come to lie at the posterior angles of a rectangular depres- sion with irregular lateral walls, a smooth anterior wall, and no posterior wall, i.e. the depression here shades off into the concave ventral surface of the body. It will be seen from the figure that the pores are well behind the setae in the floor of the depression. The female pores appear to be paired, close together (separa- ted only by an interval less than 2aa) and just behind groove +i. The spermathecal apertures are prominent, round, and late- rally placed, near the margins of the flattened ventrai surface. They are three pairs, in furrows 7, s and $. Most of the aper- tures in the various specimens are occupied by a yellow glutinous mass, which projects from them. The first septum is ;. The extremely rudimentary gizzard is in front of this, i.e. in segment v; it manifests itself as a slightly wider portion of the oesophagus, but its walls are quite soft and not thickened. There are no calcareous glands. The last hearts are in segment xiii. The nephridia form a regular line on each side. Testes were not seen; there are two pairs of funnels, in seg- ments x and xi, free, large and markedly iridescent, and much elongated transversely In one of the two specimens dissected (from Rotung) the vesiculae seminales were a single pair only, in segment xii, attached to the posterior face of septum 72; they were small, lobulated, and dorsally placed, abutting on the dorsal vessel and on each other in the middle line. In the other (from the batch of four from Renging) there were two pairs, in segments xi and xii, on septa i? and tz respectively; those in xi were small, and flattened on the septum, those in xii were larger; the appearance of both pairs was peculiar,—they were glancing and iridescent like the funnels, and the lobules of which they were composed were small, close-set and hemispherical, so that the surface might be described as mammillated, or better shot- like or beady. The prostates vary in size, occupying segments xvii-xx (right side of Rotung specimen), xvili--xx (left side of same), Xvii-xix (Renging specimen). Each forms a compact firm mass of large size, bulging forwards or backwards the limiting septa; the surface is slightly indented into lobes. The duct is stout 398 Records of the Indian Museum. {VorL. VIII, and straight, of considerable length, running (in the natural condition of the parts) in a transverse direction outwards, or outwards and forwards, to its termination; it begins in xix and ends in xviii. The ovaries, in xiii, are relatively very large; the funnels also are of moderately large size. ‘he spermathecae are three pairs, appearing in the Rotung specimen as very large rectangular blocks, hard, yellow, and semi-transparent, in segments vii, vili and ix. The rectangular shape is due to their mutual pressure, since they fill up all the available space in their segments The duct is very stout (half the diameter of the ampulla), of some length (as long as the am- pulla) and contains in its lumen a cord of white glancing material, continuous with the yellowish translucent material which fills the ampulla, and the similar material which plugs the external aper- ture A diverticulum is present as an extremely minute chamber, on the anterior side, connected with the uppermost part of the duct immediately below its junction with the ampulla: its con- tents are iridescent. The diverticulum was absent from one of the organs. The above describes the specimen from Rotung which was dissected ; in that from Renging the spermathecae were white, not yellowish, and were not quite as bulky or as closely pressed together. There are no penial setae. I have no doubt as to the specific identity of three out of the four batches ef specimens, i. of all except the bates of four from Renging. The fact that the’ clitellum was broader than the rest of the body, and that each clitellar segment was more or less distinctly and completely divided into two annuli by a secondary groove, caused me to make a more thorough examination, and a dissection of one of these specimens. Besides the differences just mentioned, the clitellum was slightly less extensive (5 segments exactly), the first dorsal pore was in furrow ¢, the dorsal break in the setal ring was rather more widely variable (zz = 11--3yz), the two pits on the ventral surface of segment xvii were confluent across the middle line and so appeared as a transverse groove, while internally the prostates were smaller, and there were two pairs of seminal vesicles With the exception of the last feature the differences do not appear to be important; and the similarity in the proportions and rela- tions of the duct and diverticulum of the spermathecae, and in the rather characteristic male funnels, justify the union of these specimens with the others. In addition to the above species of Pertonyx, a single specimen, evidently belonging to the genus, but indetermin- able on account of its immaturity, was taken at Rotung, alt. 1300 ft., in rotten wood; 26-xii-rg1tr. Similarly indeterminable LOLA Ss J. STEPHENSON: Oligochaeta. 399 was a batch of three specimens with a fragment of a fourth, taken at Upper Rotung, alt ca. 1000 ft., II-i- 1912. Pheretima heterochaeta (Mchlsn.). KXobo, Abor country, alt. 400 ft., in rotten wood; 30-xi-19g11 and 8-xii-1911. Two specimens, in a tube with Perionyx koboensis and Perionyx kempt. Sadiya, N. E. Assam, under logs; 25-xi-1g11. A single specimen, in a tube with Perionyx excavatus. This species appears to be variable. In one of the two specimens from Kobo the typical characters and arrangement of the setae were easily recognizable; in the other these were by no means evident, and all that could be said was that the ventral setae of segments iii--vili were enlarged and rather irregu- larly arranged. In this second specimen the setae of segments x and xi were much smaller than those of neighbouring seg- ments; in the first the setae of x were perhaps rather smaller than those of ix, but not smaller than those of the following seg- ments. In the Sadiya specimen, the arrangement of the setae on the ventral surface of the preclitellial segments was very irregular,—due possibly in some cases to setae having fallen out; where they were sufficiently regular to permit of descrip- tion, the arrangement approximated to that of typical specimens. In the Sadiya specimen, the clitellum encroached slightly on segments xiii and xvii (—34). Genital papillae, small, nearer together than the spermathecal apertures, and situated about midway between the setal ring and the anterior limiting groove of the segment, were found on segment viii in one of the specimens from Kobo, on vii and viii in the other, and on vii, viii and ix in the specimen from Sadiya. Prostates were entirely absent in the specimen from Kobo which I dissected, and inthe one from Sadiya; the terminal part of the duct was strongly curved in the shape of the letter S. As further variations from the condition described by Michaelsen (2) may be mentioned the beginning of the dorsal pores from furrow j{2, their absence on the clitellum in the Kobo specimens (but not in the other), and the origin of the intestinal caeca in segment xxvii. Pheretima lignicola, sp. nov. (Pile xxvils tie 57.) A single specimen, in a tube with Perionyx excavatus. In rotten wood; Dibrugarh, N.E. Assam ; 20-xi-19II. Length 4: inches; breadth 4-5 mm.; colour olive-green, slightly darker dorsally in the anterior region. Segments 90. Body tense, as if distended ; intersegmental furrows absent as grooves behind the clitellum, present in front of clitellum. Setae implanted on circular ridges, especially prominent in front of clitellum; no other secondary annulation. 400 Records of the Indian Museum. [WoL. VET. Prostomium epilobous, almost tanylobous, marked by a longitudinal median groove running its whole length. ‘The first segment shows numerous longitudinal grooves; surrounding the mouth opening are a number of papillae, from the intervals between which the grooves on the first segment are continued backwards; the grooves do not quite reach the furrow 3 (? some part of the appearances due to commencing eversion of the buccal cavity). The setal ring is unbroken ventrally, and almost unbroken dorsally (zg = toyz). Onv and vi, however, a much wider inter- val exists mid-dorsally. The setae of the preclitellar segments are larger than those behind the clitellum, especially than those towards the posterior end. On the clitellum can be seen faint whitish lines indicating the position of the setal rings, but these do not project as ridges, and are not to be distinguished on the dorsal surface; a few minute setae appear to be imbed- ded in the clitellum ventrally in xiv, but I could not definitely say that they were present on the other segments. Number of setae: 22/vi, 44/ix, 47/xii. 65/xxiii. Clitellum xiv--xvi= 3; almost without setae, though show- ing whitish lines ventrally in the situation where setal rings would be (v. sup.). The clitellar area is smooth, without a trace of annuiation. The first dorsal pore is in furrow 173, slit-like. There are no pores on the clitellum, though they are present on the anterior and posterior limiting furrows. The male apertures are in the line of the setae of xviii. They are situated in large conspicuous circular depressions ; these depressions are surrounded anteriorly, posteriorly, and especially externally by a prominent semicircular lip or ridge, which is absent on the inner side. Including the lips, the whole area extends nearly over the interval between the setal ring of xvii and that of xix. The apertures are distant from each other about 7 of the circumference; I2 setae intervene. There are no genital setae. The female aperture is single, in a shallow depression in the line of the setae of xiv. I at first thought that the aperture was paired, since the specimen shows a second, rather smaller, depression by the side of the first. But this second depression las no pore in its centre; and dissection confirms this. The spermathecal apertures are scarcely visible; internal 5 6 examination shows that they are four pairs, in ¢, %, s and 5. 5 Those of the same pair are separated by an interval equal to 2 the circumference. There are no other genital marks. The body-wall is very thin, except in a few of the anterior segments. Septum ¢ is thickened, septa $ and {much thickened, 5 and 10 in absent, tr and all succeeding septa are thin. 1QT4. | = J. STEPHENSON : Oligochaeta. 401 The oesophagus is narrow in vi, bulged but thin-walled in vii; the cask-shaped gizzard occupies viii; and between the gizzard and septum 7{. the oesophagus is soft-walled though volu- minous. ‘The intestine begins in xiv. The caeca originate in xxvi, and extend forwards to the anterior limit of Xxili; their ends are folded under the intestine, and when pulled out the caeca, now appearing much elongated, extend forwards so as to overlap the hinder end of the prostate There are no lymph- glands on the intestine. The last heart is in xiii. The nephridial system is micronephridial; the innumerable minute nephridia occur on the body-wall especially in the neigh- bourhood of the septa. Large tufts of similar tubes, blackish in colour, occur on the anterior face of septum *, and also, yellowish- grey in colour, on the anterior face of +. The specimen being single, the organs were disturbed as littie as possible, and the presence of two pairs of testes and funnels, in segments x and xi, is inferred from the vasa deferentia coming from these segments, and joining in xiii. The vesiculae seminales ate paired, in xi and xii, comparatively small, and of a yellowish colour. The vasa deferentia become rather thicker towards their posterior ends, and bend outwards to join the prostates. Hach prostate is a large gland, extending forwards into xvi, and back- wards so as to occupy the whole extent of xx; it is much cut up into lobes. The prostatic duct leaves the gland at the point where the vas deferens joins it, in xviii, and after many windings reaches the exterior at a point not far from its origin; it becomes thicker and more muscular as it proceeds towards its end, its last coil being very stout, smooth and shining. Both ovaries and funnels, in xiii, are conspicuous; the latter are much elongated, owing to a remarkable drawing out of the margin of the funnel on its outer side. The spermathecae are four pairs, opening in the grooves ¢-s. The ampulla is oval; the duct, of about equal length, is shining, very stout and muscular, rather broader in its distal two-thirds than near the ampulla. he diverticulum is long, narrow, some- times rather twisted, and lies flat on the body-wall; its external portion (distal) is shining and muscular, like the duct of the ampulla: in the greater part of its extent its walls are thin and marked by numerous and close-set small sacculi (fig. 17). Eutyphoeus kempi, sp. nov. (Pisxexvit, ligs. 18, 19:) A single specimen. Kobo, Abor country, alt. 400 ft.; in earth; 2-xi- IQII. Length approx. 10 inches (the specimen was much coiled) ; breadth 6 mm. Colour light olive-green ventrally, a dusky bluish- grey (slate-colour) dorsally. Segments 254. 402 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VIII, No prostomium was visible. Segments i-iii consist of a single aunulus; iv—v are biannulate, with the setae on the anterior annu- lus; vi is triannulate, the setae on the middle one; vii--vili have four annuli, the setae on the second; ix has three principal annuli, each slightly subdivided into two; the remainder are funda- mentally triannulate, the posterior annulus being sub-divided in the segments in front of the clitellum, but not in those behind it. The first dorsal pore is in furrow to. The setae are paired, but not very closely. In general they are larger in the anterior part of the body than in the posterior, but they become progressively smaller from segment vii forwards. and no ventral setae could be seen in the first four segments. In front of the clitellum aa = 2ab, on the clitellum == 22ab, poste- riotrly = 3ab (iust behind the clitellum however = 4ab); cd is rather greater than ab; aa is rather greater than bc; dd is more than half the circumference. The clitellum extends over § xtii-xvii = 45, and includes the whole circumference. Its dorsal surface is marked out by a series of parallel oblique lines into a number of rectangular areas. Grooves and annuli are obliterated, except towards its posterior limits; setae are present, and also the dorsal pores; the latter however are indistinct. The male apertures are a pair of deep pits on segment xvil, the centre of the pit in line of setae 6, the inner margin of the pit ina. Deeply within the pit can be seen an upwardly (in this posi- tion) directed tube, with an aperture at its summit from which project one or two genital setae; the tube and its aperture are compressed antero-posteriorly, and thus have their greatest dia- meter in the transverse plane. Between the two pits, on the ventral surface of segment xvii, are a few transverse groovings. The spermathecal apertures are one pair, conspicuous, in furrow $; the centre of the aperture is outside the line 0, but not half-way between } and c (nearly as far beyond b on the outside as a is on the inside). For a dozen segments or so behind the male apertures the ventral surface is flattened, and in the anterior part of this region depressed, so as to form a wide ventral groove between the ven- tral setal bundles. Lying within the margins of this depressed region, in furrow 23, are a pair of horseshoe-shaped depressions, their outer margins convex outwards; the inner, open portion of the horseshoe is prolonged inwards to meet its fellow in the middle line, and a dumbbell-shaped area is thus produced, shallow in the middle, deeper at its extremities; the lateral limits of the area are between the lines a and 0; antero-posteriozly it takes up about half the posterior annulus of xxii and half the anterior annulus of xwxiii (fig. 18). There is a similar horseshoe- shaped depression in furrow 23, but on the left side only. Septum # is thick, = is very thick, produced backwards as a much elongated muscular cone, so that its insertion into the alimentary tube is far posterior to its parietal attachment. Septa IgI4.| <= J. STEPHENSON : Oligochaeta. 403 # and ¢ are absent; §, 10, and 11 are stout, the last especially so. Septum tz is apparently represented only by a sheet of connective tissue which attaches the inner surface of the seminal vesicle to the alimentary tube, ie. it does not exist between the seminal vesicle and the body-wall; this is liable to cause a temporary confusion in estimating the sequence of the segments and the organs contained in each; the number and position of the hearts in this region however will indicate the true numbering. Behind this the septa are thin. The firm globular gizzard is situated in the space between septa ¢ and 5. The last heart is in segment xili. The nephridial system is micronephric. There are numerous small nephridia on the body-wall; large bunches of nephridial tubes are attached to the dorsal body wall in segment 111. The testes and funnel of each side are enclosed ina sac, which apparently communicates with the one of the other side beneath the gut. The sac is situated in segment xi, and is attached to the posterior face of the very stout and muscular dissepiment 77, deeply ventral in the segment. The testis is small, the funnel large and iridescent; the vas deferens is of moderate thickness, and passes back on and attached to the ventral body-wall, swelling out to form a small sac at its termination in segment xvil. The vesiculae seminales are granular-looking elongated late- rally compressed bodies, lying one on each side of the gut in segments xii and xiii. They are limited behind by septum 7}, which is bulged back by them; they almost meet each other along the mid-dorsal line, the dorsal vessel intervening. They are connected with the side of the gut by a broad connective tissue stalk towards their anterior end. The prostate has the form of a long thick coiled tube; it is of large size, occupying segments xvii-xxi. In the last portion of its course it is, with many windings, directed inwards, its terminal portion being rather smaller in diameter than the main part of the tube; it ends close to the end of the male duct, in front of and internal to the latter, which passes underneath the prostatic tube just before its termination. The ovary is of moderate size, with numerous branches, and is attached to the posterior face of septum 13. The funnel lies internal to the male duct. The spermathecae are irregularly massive in shape, firm and solid, lying against the body-wall in a region which corresponds externally to segment viii; the anterior part gets into the region of vii. The longer axis of the ampulla is antero-posterior; the duct is short and broad, terminating in furrows. At the junction of ampulla and duct, between ampulla and body-wall, is the lobed iridescent semi-circular diverticulum ; the appearance may be des- cribed by saying that it appears to be constituted by a semi- circular row of small diverticula, close together and fused margi- nally with their neighbours. 404 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor VIDE The genital setae appear to be variable in size and form. In length they measure from 2°3 to 3°9 mm., in breadth 34 ». The shaft is gently curved in an S-shape, and its distalmost portion is ornamented with numerous short rows of dots, placed transversely to the long axis of the shaft. The point is always somewhat spoon-shaped, but the degree of curvature of the extremity varies (fig. 19). Eutyphoeus koboensis, sp. nov. (Pl xxvii; figs’ 208 2m) A single specimen. Kobo, Abor country, alt. 400 ft.; in earth; 2-xii- 1911. Awhitish flocculent mass adhered to the ventral and lateral sur- faces of the animal a short distance behind the clitellum ; on microscopic examination this was found to consist of sperm-morulae (not developed Spermatozoa). Length to inches; diam. maximum 7 mm.; colour slaty-blue dorsally, light olive-green ventrally and laterally. Segments ca. 1Q5. Prostomium retracted under first segment, apparently prolo- bous. The first three segments consist of a single annulus, iv—v are biannulate; vi also biannulate, with however indications of other rings also; vil-viil are 4-annulate, ix-x 5-annulate, xi-xiii 4-annu- late; behind the clitellum the segments are triannulate. The first dorsal pore is in furrow 11; pores are present on the clitellum. The setae are small, and fairly closely paired. In front of the clitellum aa averages about 23a); aa = or slightly > bc; ab=cd; dd ==} circumference. Behind the clitellum aa = 4ab nearly; aa > be, ab=—ca. The clitellum includes ;xiti-xvii = 43; furrows and annuli are obliterated; setae and dorsal pores are present. . The male apertures are a pair of conspicuous deep pits in the line of the setae of xvii; setae a and 6) are absent. The middle of the pit corresponds with seta 5, but it is of such a size as to overlap the line of setae a internally. Between the pits the sur- face is depressed. The female apertures are a pair of transversely elongated slits bordered by lip-like margins, the whole sunk in a common trans- versely extended depression, with well-defined margins; this com- mon depression is rather narrower (antero-posteriorly) in the middle line, i.e. in the interval between the slit-like apertures. The whole is situated in the position of the (absent) groove +}. Each slit has its centre between lines a and Db, and overlaps these lines considerably (fig. 20). The spermathecal apertures are small and slit-like, in furrow t, outside the line of setae b, but nearer to 0 than to c. Genital markings are present in furrows 37 and #2 (fig. 20). In the latter groove is situated a narrow white ridge, slightly broader at its ends than in the middle, and not projecting beyond IgT4. | = J. STEPHENSON: Oligochaeta. 405 the level of the neighbouring annuli; it extends across the middle line from just outside the line b to a corresponding point on the other side. In 24, on the left side only, is a small ridge of appa- rently the same character, its centre just internal to the line a, its length a little greater than the distance ab. On the dorsal surface of the clitellum and the anteclitellial region there are a number of minute black dots, simulating setae ; they are sometimes arranged in rows, with fairly regular intervals, round the middle of the segment; they are also found numerously and irregularly scattered quite out of any possible position of setae. Septum ; is much thickened, of conical form with apex back- wards; ¢ is extremely thick, and is also elongated to form a cone, so that its attachment to the oesophagus is at the level of the spermathecal apertures, i.e. furrow 5. Septa } and ¢ are absent; s-11 are much thickened; +2 is not a definite septum, and is re- presented probably by the connective tissue between the testis sac and vesicula seminalis. Behind this the septa are all thin. The oesophagus is thick and muscular. A hard, almost glo- bular gizzard lies in the interval between septa } and $, behind the level of the spermathecae. A pair of large dark-brown lateral swellings of the oesophagus occur in segment xii; their transverse striation denotes their vascularity during life. The intestine begins in xvi, but it is at first compressed between the prostates. The last heart is in xiii. That in xi is deeper in position and smaller, or at least less conspicuous, than those of neighbouring segments; and as it has to be searched for, nay cause temporary confusion in the numbering of the segments, especially as the corresponding septum is absent. The excretory system consists of micronephridia, very numer- ous and of moderate size, scattered over the body-wall. The testis sacs are in segment xi, attached fairly firmly to septum tr, but capabie of being separated without injury. Each is apparently separate from its fellow, but is attached to the corresponding vesicula seminalis. When opened, the sac is seen to contain a large, tightly packed and iridescent funnel. The vas deferens leaves the testis sac posteriorly, and can be traced for some distance; it disappears on or in the body-wall, but becomes distinct agai posteriorly, where, slightly thickening, it passes to the outer side of the terminal portion of the prostatic duct, just behind which it ends, after finally swelling to form a sac-like dila- tation. The vesiculae seminales are a pair of granular-looking, yellowish, laterally compressed masses, at the sides of the ali- mentary canal in segments xii-xiv. They are attached to the sides of the alimentary canal in xii; their margins are lobed, and the anterior end of each is covered with numerous minute white (nephridial ?) loops. 406 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, The prostates are tubular, much coiled, in segments xvii-xx ; they become more shining and muscular towards their outer end. The sac of the penial setae, in length about 2 mm., of loose texture and not very definite shape, projects inwards on each side between prostate and intestine; its outer termination is situated mesially to the end of the prostatic duct. Ovaries and ovarian funnels are situated in xiii. The spermathecae are compact, firm, subspherical in shape, with short thick duct. On the posterior aspect, at the junction of ampulla and duct. is a series of six small iridescent diverticular chambers; the individual chambers being fused on each side with their neighbours form together a semi-circular rosette. The penial setae (fig. 21) are several in each bundle, about three fully formed and three immature. Their length is 3°5 mm., diameter 31». The shaft is gently curved, with a sharply marked hook at its free extremity; the shaft itself is slightly swollen just proximal to the hook, the hook itself is narrower. The distal portion of the shaft is ornamented with numerous rows of minute dots, which may extend across the visible surface of the shaft, or may be shorter, and convex distalwards. In an older seta the hook was not so sharp nor so narrow; in one of two setae that had not yet escaped from their sheath, the hook was small, but well marked, in the other very faintly marked. Eutyphoeus aborianus, sp. nov. EPL Socvil e220) A single specimen, in a rather poor state of preservation, in a tube with E.. koboensis. Kobo, Abor country, alt. 4oo ft.; in earth, 2—xii-1911. Length g inches, diameter, max. 6 mm. Colour pale, with greyish patches mainly on dorsal surface. Prostomium minute, just visible, withdrawn under cover of the first segment. Segments i-iii consist of single annuli, iv—v of two, vi of three with slight indications of two others, vii—vili of five, ix of five principal annuli, each divided, giving ten in all; x—-xii have five annuli, and behind the clitellum the segments are triannulate, but of the three annuli the first and last may be more or less distinctly sub-divided, giving four or five in all. All annu- lation and segmentation was lost over the middle region of the body owing to the state of preservation. The first dorsal pore was at the posterior border of the clitel- lum, ie. in groove ts. The setae are small, and paired, —rather widely in the case of the lateral couples. in front of the clitellum aa—t13ab; be slightly > aa, = 12a); cd about = aa. Behind the clitellum aa == 2ab, ot further back = 3ab; bc = 13ab; cd = 1:ab. No setae were discoverable on segments ii, ili and iv. The clitellum includes 3 xili-xvil = 45; setae are present, but there is no external annulation. 19T4. | : i STEPHENSON . Oligochaeta. 407 The male apertures are a pair of deep pits, oval in superficial outline, with one or two curved genital setae projecting from them. The centre of each pit is in the line of setae 0; from this the pit extends inwards as far as the line a, and outwards for an equal extent. The female aperture (?) of the right side was possibly re- presented by a shallow perfectly circular depression with a clearly cut margin, in the situation of groove +; on the anterior part of the clitellam. The size of the depression, which was present on the right side only, was such that while its centre corresponded to the middle of the interval ab, it overlapped the lines a and b by its inner and outer margins respectively. The spermathecal apertures are a single pair, small, in furrow 5, the centre of each midway between the lines b and c. Under the head of genital marks may be mentioned a pair of small oval depressions, their long axis transverse, which occur in the course of groove 7. On the left side the depression extends accurately between the lines a and 0; on the right it reaches a little further outwards, passing the line 0. Septum $ is stout, ¢ very stout and conical, with apex poste- rior; the next septum is $, and this, io, and 11 are all stout, and situated close together; 72 is apparently absent, the condition petie the same as in E. koboensis; the rest of the septa are thin, 4 being especially delicate and fenestrated. The three thick septa behind the gizzard (3-11) are closely connected together; they have their separate insertions into the body-wall, but are united to each other by a thick muscular sheet placed longitudinally. Behind the buccal cavity is a slight constriction of the alt- mentary canal at the insertion of septum +; then succeeds a dila- tation (pharynx), which with a narrower but still firm and muscular portion of the tube is contained within the cone of septum ;. The gizzard is ovoid, in the interval between ¢ and 5; the oesophagus enters it on its upper surface; i.e. the gizzard projects forwards underneath the oesophagus. The tube is narrow in segments ix, x and xi; in xii it presents a pair of lateral swellings which have a lamellar structure internally. ‘The intestine begins in xv; the canal is however again narrowed between the prostates, finally swelling out in segment xxi. The last heart is in segment xiii; that in xi is small, and the corresponding septum is represented only by a sheet of connective tissue between testis sac and vesicula seminalis. The excretory system is micronephridial; there is a row of numerous micronephridia along the body-wall in each segment, and a large tuft anteriorly on each side, by the side of the buccal cavity in segment iil. The testis sac of each side, in segment xi, is large, and un- connected with its fellow ; it bulges forwards the septum in front of it (77), which is rather thinner over the anterior end of the sac; this anterior end can thus be shelled out of a recess in the sub- stance of the septum. 408 Records of the Indian Museum. [VOLE .VEEE The vesiculae seminales are one pair, in appearance resem- bling those of the other species of the genus described above. They occupy segments xti and xiii, overlap the testis sacs ante- riorly, and bulge back septum +i posteriorly. They are attached internally to the alimentary canal near their anterior ends; their margin is slightly lobed. The prostates, occupying segments xvii-xx, are tubular and much coiled; the prostatic tube becomes narrower and more glistening towards its end, The vas deferens, passing to the outer side of the termination of the prostate, curves inwards round it and ends behind it in a sac-like widening. A long setal sac is present between the prostate and the gut. The ovaries were not seen. ‘The ovarian funnels are in xiii. The spermathecae are a pair of compact white masses, some- what ovoid in general outline, with the long axis antero-posterior, and margin slightly lobed. They are placed in front of the gizzard, opposite the posterior portion of the conical septum ¢. The duct is very short and moderately stout, passing to the exterior from the under surface of the ampulla. From the posterior side of the junction of duct and ampulla arises the fan-shaped iridescent diverticulum, consisting of seven or eight lobes arranged in two or three groups; the groups are tolerably well separated from eack other. The genital setae were found to be numerous, but mostly immature; one or two were fully formed and projecting. In length these measured 3°3 mm., in breadth 32 ». ‘The shaft-has a gentle S-shaped curvature, the distal end is bluntly pointed, and flattened and slightly excavated on one face, so as to give a spoon-shaped appearance (fig. 22a); in the bowl of the spoon were seen small longitudinally directed ridges. The immature setae differ considerably from this description (fig. 220). Eutyphoeus magnus, sp. nov. (Pl sxxvVil igs. 237.227) Upper Rotung, alt. ca. 2000 ft., found in earth when road-making ; 4-i- 1912. A single specimen. Length Ir inches; diameter 8 mm. Colour light slaty-grey dorsally, rather darker in anterior third of body; pale ventrally ; clitellum a dark grey. Segments 263. Prostomium small, prolobous, under cover of segment i. The first three segments consist of single annuli, segments iv—v of two, vi of four, vii of ‘five, viti-x of six, xi of five, and xii of three; behind the clitellum the segments are triannulate. The first dorsal pore is in groove t:. The setae are paired, the intervals being expressed by the following ratios :—ab = 3aa = 3-3bc == 3cd; dd = ; of the circum- ference. The clitellum extends over } xiii-} xvii— 4}. The secondary annulation is obliterated, but the intersegmental furrows are dis- - 1914. ] = J. STEPHENSON : Oligochaeta. 409 tinct, except 17 ventrally. Dorsal pores are absent, but the setae are present, except the ventral pairs of segment xvii. The body is slightly constricted in the clitellar region. The male apertures are a pair of conspicuous transverse slits, situated in a slight depression on segment xvii. The depression is lighter in colour than the neighbouring clitellum, and the surface around and between the apertures is wrinkled by a number of small cracks. The slits extend internally beyond the line of setae a, and externally beyond that of 6b, the centre of the slit being between the two lines. The female apertures were doubtfully represented, on the left side only, by an ovoid depression anteriorly on segment xiv, immediately in front and with its centre in the line of setae a. The spermathecal apertures are minute, in furrow $, in (on the tight) or just external to (on the left) the line of setae b. Septum # (?) is exceptionally thick, even for this genus; it is conical in shape, with the small end backwards. After a con- siderable interval follow septa $, io, and 77, all of which are also thick. Septum {2 is missing, as in some of the species previously described; its position is indicated by a pair of hearts only. The gizzard, subspherical in shape, occupies the anterior part cf the space between septa ¢ and 5. A pair of large calcareous glands occupy the whole of the elongated twelfth segment; these are dark, hard and brittle, with internally a lamellated structure. The last heart is in segment xii. The micronephridia behind the clitellum are arranged in regular rows on the body-wall; in segments xi-xvi they are irregu- larly scattered, though numerous; they are few in front of xi, till the anterior end of the body is reached, when they occur again as numerous close tufts in segments ii and iv. The testes and funnels are enclosed in a pair of testicular sacs, which are apparently not connected with each other; the parts were very stiff, and the point was not definitely cleared up. The sacs are in segment xi, attached to the posterior face of septum 14; the contained funnels are large and iridescent; the vas deferens leaves the sac posteriorly. The vesiculae seminales are a pair of flattened structures, with a granular surface, lying between the body-wall and gut, and occupying segments xii and xiii. With regard to their extent, they are not bounded anteriorly by any septum, +5 being absent ; and posteriorly they cause a backward bulging of 1%, thus appear- ing at first to occupy segment xiv as well. They are attached . closely to the alimentary canal, and, in the specimen examined. were hard and brittle, especially the anterior portion. The vas deferens is fairly easily followed on the body-wall ; posteriorly it passes beneath the S-shaped part of the prostatic duct, to be described immediately ; it ends posterior to the termi- nation of this latter, after dilating and taking an inward turn. The prostate is tubular, and occupies three segments, xvii-xix. The duct is not of greater diameter than the rest; it has an 410 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voy VIII, 1914.] S-shaped course. The setal sac of the penial setae lies between the gland and the intestine. The female organs were not. identified, owing to the stiffness of the parts. The spermathecal ampullae (fig. 23) are pear-shaped, with the small end directed forwards; they are situated at the level of the attachment of the first septum (¢) to the oesophagus. The small end of the pear-shaped ampulla is not continued into the duct — indeed a duct can hardly be described ; if described, it would be said to be very short and broad. The ampulla is, in fact, attached to the parietes on its under surface, the site of attachment consti- tuting the duct. On each side of this area of attachment are two or three small diverticula, sessile at the base of the ampulla; those on the outer side are closely connected together, and similarly those on the inner side. The penial setae (fig. 24) have a maximum length of 2°35 mm., and a diameter of 33". Each when fully developed is gently curved in the form of an §; the extreme tip, which is blunt, varies somewhat in its curvature, either merely continuing the very gentle curvature of the shaft, or being bent into a rather sharper curve; while still in the sheath, the tip is sharply bent into a hook. An extremely fine pattern of dots, in close-set short rows, is present towards the distal extremity; but the extreme tip is free from the ornamentation, which extends only a short distance along the shaft. REFERENCES TO LITERATURE. rn Bourne, A. G.—On Moniligaster grandis, A. G. B., from the Nilgiris, S. India; together with descriptions of other species of the genus Monthgaster. Q.J.M.S.,n.s., vol. xxxvi, 1894. Michaelsen, W.—Die Terricolen fauna der Azoren. Abh. Ver. Hamburg, Bd. xi, 1891. ,, —The Oligochaeta of India, Nepal, Ceylon, Burma and the Andaman Islands.. Mem. Ind. Mus., vol. i, No. 3, 1909. 4. i ,, —Die Oligochatenfauna der vorderindisch-cey- lonischen Region. Abh. Ver. Hamburg, Bd. xix, IQIO. i) Ss) FIG. d) I. nN Oo Ut 7: 8. Q. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI, —Genital area of Megascolides onetlli, sp. nov. c., clitel- lum; ¢., transverse depression; o, male aperture. The only setae seen in this region are indicated. .—-Spermatheca of the same, of segm. vi, left side; a., in situ; b., main portion turned backwards. .—Genital area of Notoscolex striatus, sp.nov. The shading on the ventral surface of the three segments indi- cated shows the extent and intensity of the brown pigmentation. Male apertures not seen; n., small nodular elevations at bend of grooves. .—The same, another specimen; ., nodular or tag-like projection; @, male aperture. .—Spermatheca of the same. .—Genital area of Notoscolex stewarti, sp. nov. m., nodular projection ; ¢., transverse depressions; #, male aper- LUTE. —Prostate of the same. d., prostatic duct; v.d., vas deferens. —Spermatheca of the same. —Spermathecae of Plutellus aborensis, sp. nov. 4@., segm. ix, right side; b., segm. viii, right side. « indicates position of duct, not visible from above. 10.—Genital seta of the same, X 132. 11.—Spermathecae of Perionyx kempi, sp. nov. a., segm. vii, right side; b., segm. vili, right side. 12.—Distal end of genital seta of Perionyx koboensts, sp. nov., X ca. 400. Rec.Ind.Mus.,Vol.VIll,1914.(Abor Exp.) Plate XXVL. xvill XIX. xx mu. it wit j ; BE eS vephenson, del. D.Bagcehi ,lith. ABOR EARTHWORMS. é oh eae ae, ee a fs S are Beis? Oey: sata yon ANG ANP aROODR AS | bls. 2 ad papieesg sh Bes pe is ay Ps aout dete hesoy yet ext es x 2 Sipe 5 ai Bee nes Fiza wes big Abe se ea geet 4 ane tediaisy | = sae Fie, Me {gm sapee > Spuils) ss é = cal i sy23 74% wt es te 63-5 | 3HeY SAS AS YI x ba dirt et si Raa As cade ei silie TRIS os ta Peres ois niftige Hite) A’: oe wT f; ne AERA 7s execbin pay ayia t 16 KUZMA ee 5 ied sialic: Hee Ac “abies vo eInD = eS Ronn steal favinay oats 7] aT eon my die iied wary rey) aeatytstil ai sitet yy. | 1c ee ae abition sis isrtdside 2 eee lai! S Ce ee quinn “BHI ke: aie dated, grees eet an * ih ate tee x stipe : vr = EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII. Fic. 13.—Genital area of Perionyx aborensis, sp. nov. Setae not indicated; o, male aperture. 14 —Genital area of Perionyx depressus, sp. nov. Setae of segm. xviii indicated; o, male aperture. 15.—Genital area of Perionyx foveatus, sp. nov. Setae not indicated; ~, male aperture. 16.—The same, another specimen; setae indicated. 17.—Spermatheca of Pheretima lignicola, sp.nov. The ampulla was relatively more elongated in the other sper- mathecae of the same side. 18.—Segments xxi-xxiii of Eutyphoeus kempi, sp. nov. ; ventral surface, showing depressions in the course of the intersegmental grooves. 19.—Genital setae of the same ; X ca. 175. 20.—Genital area of Eutyphoeus koboensis, sp. nov. (diagram- matic). c., clit:llum; g., genital ridges; x., posterior limit of clitellum; 7, male aperture; @, female aperture. 21.—Genital seta of the same; X ca. 175. 22.—Genital setae of Eutyphoeus aborianus sp. nov. 4a., fully formed ; b., still within the sac; X ca. 200. 23.—Spermatheca of Eutyphoeus magnus, sp.nov. d., diverti- cula on one side of duct, the others being under- neath; v. 2. c., ventral nerve cord; x is not the duct, which is hidden from view beneath the ampulla, but a strand attaching ampulla to body-wall. 24.—Genital seta of the same. a., whole seta, to show its shape, X 25; 0, distal end, x ca, I50. lec. Ind. Mus.,Vol. VIII, 1914. (Abor Exp.) Plate XXVII. j — xii f 4 eS ee : f SS ——— xiv. / oo nea i ff | o XVI, es XVII | XViil. Bas a XIX eA Gr” mo; Se ene es ae a) J.Stephenson, del. D.Bagchi,lith. ABOR EARTHWORMS. koe SY COL Kh OP: THR Ave Nel eter Ne and PLATYPODIDEN. Von Herne. E. WicumMann in Waidhofen (a. d. Thaya, Austr.). Die Zahl der bei der Abor expedition gesammelten Borkenka- fer ist sowohl an Arten als auch an Exemplaren gering. Es sind nur fiinf Xyleborus in acht Stiicken und drei Platypodiden in vier Exemplaren vorhanden. ‘Trotzdem finden sich darunter einige noch unbeschriebene Arten. [PIDAE: Xyleborus Gravelyi, n. sp. Gross, fast schwarz, glanzend, sparlich und abstehend behaart, die Haare gelb. Kopf infolge einer schon bei ungefahr 35 maliger Vergrosse- rung deutlich erkennbaren Netzung matt, auf der Stirn mit einer undeutlichen Beule, sehr grob und tief eingedrtickt-langsrunzelig punktiert, die Punkte gegen lie Augen dichter stehend. Ober dem Munde lange gewimpert. Stirn sparlich, starr und abstehend behaart. Vorderrand der Augen ausgebuchtet. Halsschild fast quadratisch, Seiten flach, gegen die Vonder- und Hinterecken starker gerundet, an den Vorderecken nicht so breit wie an den Hinterecken, Vorderrand abgeflacht. In der Mitte des Thorax ein breiter Querriicken, vor dem er sich flach zum Kopfe vorwolbt. Dort ziemlich fein und dicht quergekor- nelt; vor der Querbeule erlischt die K6érnelung und nimmt die Form einer Schuppung an. Zwischen den Hockerchen matt. Riickwartiger Teil des Halsschildes glanzend, (jedoch auch mikros- kopisch fein genetzt) sparlich fein eingestochen punktiert. Die Behaarung ist steif, abstehend und schiitter Halsschild kaum langer als breit Fliigeldecken rund zweiundeinviertel mal so lang als breit, hinter dem letzten Drittel beginnend gleichmassig gerundet ver- schmalert, in klaren Reihen punktiert. Die Punkte rund, scharf eingepragt aber flach. Zwischenriume sehr breit, eben, nur im vorderen Deckenteil undeutlich gewolbt, mit einer Reihe weitab- stehender borstentragender Punkte versehen, die mit Ende des ersten Drittels in ebensolche Kérnchen tibergehen. Absturz flach, im Gegensakte zum vorderen Teil der Elytren matt, von der Seite gesehen allmahlich abgewélbt und vor der Spitze auf jeder Decke mit einem angedeuteten Eindruck. Hinterschienen auf der Aussenkante mit starrer und langer Bewimperung. Long. : 5°2—5°4 mm. 412 Records of the Indian Museum. iy fonemnoe Cle Patria: Kobo, 400 ft. Von Kemp im Dezember 11, ‘‘ under bark in rotten wood ’”’ gesammelt. Es sind zwei Exemplare (2 ) mit den Nummern 2706/19 und 2708/19 vorhanden. Ich widme diese neue Art Herrn Assistant Superintendenten F. H. Gravely am Indian Museum. Xyleborus aplanatus, n. sp. @ 2: Mittelgross, schwarz, matt, Beine und Fihler rotlichgelb. Stirn flachgewolbt, mattglanzend, schtitter mit ungleich gros- sen, unregelmassigen, eingedritickten Punkten tiberstreut, ober dem Munde ein flacher Kiel, der tiber die gange Stirn reicht, und, besonders seitlich des Mundes mit wenigen langen gelben Haaren. Halsschild quadratisch, an den Seiten gerade, Vorderrand ebenfalls gerade, beide in starkem Bogen verrundet, Hinterecken angedeutet. In der Mitte des Halsschildes ein noch kenntlicher Querbuckel. Kornchen des Halsschildes mit ttberwiegender Quer- erstreckung, zu unregelmassigen Runzeln angeordnet, in der Nahe des Buckels zu einer feinen Schuppung reduziert. Hunter dem Buckel matt, mikroskopisch fein gefeldert, mit seltenen Piinktchen versehen. Fliigeldecken so lange als breit, fast parallel, erst im letzten Teile stumpfspitz verrundet, in deutlich geschlossenen Reihen flacher Punkte von kreisrunder Form punktiert, am Absturze die Reihen etwas vertieft. Zwischenraume mit spitzen borstentragen- den Kornchen versehen, diese am Absturze kraftiger. Sechster Zwichenraum im Absturze scharf gerandet. Halsschild nur an den Seiten stark gewimpert, Flugeldecken infolge der zahlreichen haartragenden K6rnchen der Zwischenraume dichter behaart. Long.: 4 mm. Patria: Upper Rotung. ““Under bark’’, 1 Exemplar am I-i-12 gesammelt ; tragt die Nummer 2696/19. o : Bedeutend ktirzer, nach vorne tibergebeugt-hochgewolbt, licht kastanienbraun, stark und dicht behaart. Kopf in das Halsschild zurtickgezogen, Stirn flach, glatt glan- zend, sehr sparlich fein punktiert. Halsschild kaum so lang als breit, annahernd quadratisch, an den- Seiten gerade, der Vorderrand flach. Vorderecken stark abgerundet. Die Kornelung viel schtitterer als beim Weibchen, die Kdrnchen einzelnstehend und ktirzer. Die geschuppte Region fehlt, an ihrer stelle ein rdaumlich beschrankter Fleck mit ganz ebenen querstrichelartigen Kornchen. Buckel nur schwach angedeutet, von einer tiefen Langsfurche durchzogen, die nur wenig in den Kornerfleck hineinreicht und auch nicht weit in die glatte Hinterpartie des Halsschildes eindringt. Diese selbst nicht dicht punktuliert. IQT4.| HH, WICHMANN : Coleoptera, VII. Ary Fligeldecken viel langer als breit, mit vor dem ersten Drittel beginnendem flachem Absturze, Punktierung in wenig geordneten Reihen, die Punkte rund, gedrangt. Reihen im Absturze vertieft ; dadurch dass der zweite Zwischenraum etwas tiefer liegt, erscheint der Absturz wie doppelt ausgehodhlt. Die langen starren Borsten sitzen auf den feinen Kornchen des Absturzes. Wong. >.2°9 mm: Patria : Sadiya, N.E. Assam. I Sttick von Kemp, ‘‘ under bark’? am 15-xi-II gesammelt, mit dem Zettel 2702/19 versehen. Diese Art ahnelt der friiher beschriebenen, unterscheidet sich aber durch die Grossen-und Formverhaltnisse des KG6rpers, etc. Xyleborus sp. ° Drei Exemplare, die die Nummern: 2703/19, 2704/19 und 2705/19 tragen und wahrscheinlich mit Xyleborus perforans, Woll. identisch sind, einem Insekt, das in den Tropen weitverbreitet ist. Patria: Kobo, 400 ft., leg. Kemp, ‘‘ rotten wood’’, am I-Xli-II. Xyleborus sp. ? Ahnelt dem Xyleborus capucinus, Eichh. Kemp sammelte ein Exemplar in Upper Rotung “ under bark ’’ am 0Q-I-12. PLATY PODID/. Platypus cupulifer, n. sp. Aus der Gruppe der Platypi cupulati, Mittelgross, schlank, stark glanzend, hell gelbbraun. Stirn, Schienen und Absturz dunkler. Fast unbehaart.. Stirn eben, glanzlos, unregelmassig stark punktiert, zwischen den Augen mit angedeuteter runder Grube, deren vorderer Rand von einem scharfen Langsstrichel durchzogen wird, gleich lang, wenig dicht und kurz behaart. Halsschild einundeinviertel mal so lang als an der Basis breit, nach vorne kennbar verschmalert. Vorderecken angedeutet, Hinterecken gerundet. Die Seiten nicht stark geschwungen, die Ausrandung, die der Grube zur Aufnahme der Vorderbeine ent- spricht, liegt dicht hinter der Mitte und ist nicht ausgepragt. Vor- der-und Hinterrand gerade, an letzterem in der Mitte eine kleine vorspringende Ecke. Der Vorderrand wird von einem schmalen verloschen punktierten Streifen begleitet, dahinter bis Ende des ersten Viertels dichtere und grébere Punkte auf stark glanzendem Grunde, die allmahlich in zerstreute langsgerichtete Piinktchen ubergehen. Am Hinterrand verdichten sich die Punkte wieder und werden gr6ber. Hinter der Halsschildmitte beginnt eine scharf eingerissene, sich nach riickwarts verschmdalernde Langsfurche, an ihrem Voderende jederseits ein kleiner Punktfleck. 414 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, t914.] Fliigeldecken an der Basis etwas schmaler als der Halsschild, sich in sehr sanftem Bogen bis zur Mitte erweiternd, von da ab sich ebenso verschmalernd, mit deutlich breit-schiisself6rmig ge- randetem Absturz. Die Punktstreifen sehr schmal und scharf einge- rissen, vor der, den hervortretenden Absturz von den Fltigeldecken abtrennenden Abschntirung erléschend, im ersten Achtel bedeu- tend verbreitert, vertieft und netzige Punkte zeigend. Die ungera- den Zwischenraume an der Basis zu zweien verbunden, dort eben- so wie die geraden Interstitien etwas kielartig erhoht. Von der dritten Punktreihe an nur mehr reihige Punkte. Zwischenraume mit wenigen entfernten Piinktchen. Die Einschniirung des Ab- sturzes nicht sehr dicht aber stark punktiert, die Absturzrandung sparlich punktuliert. Absturz steil, am scharfen Rande kurz ge- wimpert, kreisformig. Die Decken klaffen im Absturze in ihren Spitzen ; der freibleibende Spalt ist an den Spitzen breit, ver- schmalert sich in breitem Dreieck bis etwa zur Mitte und erreicht schmal spaltformig fast den oberen Rand des Absturzes. Im bret- ten Teile des Spaltes ist der Rand der Elytren schneidenfoérmig erhaben und tragt in der Mitte ein dreieckiges schief nach innen weisendes Zahnchen. Der Grund des Absturzes selbst ist glatt, spiegelglanzend. Long. : 4°7-5°0 mm Zwei Exemplare. Eines aus Rotung, 1400 ft. leg. Kemp 2-1-12 ‘‘ rotten wood’’ (No. 2699/19) und eines “‘ at light ’’ gesam- melt in Dibrugarh, N.E. Assam, 9-xi-1I durch Kemp (No.2700/T109). Es ist von hohem Interesse, dass es in den Tropen Ipiden gibt, die Nachtschwarmer sind. Eine solche Art ist auch Cladocionus eggerst, Wichm. Hier hat die Forschung noch manches zu klaren. Platypus sp. ? 3 Hin Exemplar 2-1-I1 (No. 2698/19) under bark’’ in Rotung leg. Kemp am Platypus sp. ? Von Kemp ein einzelnes Sttick in Sadiya, N.E. Assam, 25-xi- rr “‘ under bark ’’ gesammelt (No. 2701/19). awe OR THOPTERA: Itt: MANTIDAR, LE PHASMIDAE. Del Dr. PRoF. ERMANNO GiGLI0-Tos, Direttore della Stazione biologica della R. Universita in Caghari. Rendo vivissime grazie al Direttore dell ‘‘ Indian Museum ”’ di Calcutta per avermi usato la cortesia e fatto l’onore di affidarmi lo studio dei Mantidi e Fasmidi raccolti durante l’Abor Expedi- tion. Le specie raccolte sono le seguenti : MANTIDAE. PHASMIDAE. 1. Amorphoscelts annulicornis, Stal. 1. Phyllium celebicum, de Haan. 2. Theopompa servillei, de Haan, 2. Clitumnus ablutus, Brun. 3. Statila haan, Saus. 3. Clitumnus operculatus, Brun. 4. Tenodera aridifolia, Stoll. 4. Clitumnus aboricits, n. sp. 5. Hierodula crassa, Giglio-Tos. 5. Cuniculina rotungina, n. sp. 6. Ividopteryx trina, Saus. 6. Cuniculina perfida, n. sp. 7. Acromantis japonica, Westw. 7. Menexenus rotunginus, n. sp. 8. Mvronides baucis, Westw. 9. Myrontdes dawnanus, n. sp. 10. Calvista fusco-alata, Redt. Delle 7 specie di Mantidi nessuna € nuova. Ma delle 10 specie di Fasmidi ben 5 sono nuove ed una (Cuniculina perfida) presenta speciale interesse, perché essa fu da Wood-Mason disegnata, ma confusa con un’altra specie di Westwood, e Brunner von Wattenwyll pit tardi la confuse ancora con un, altra specie. MANTIDAE. Gen. Amorphoscelis, Stal. A. annulicornis, Stal. Amorphoscelts annulicornts, Stal, Ofvers. Vet. Akad. Forh. XXVIII, p. 401 (1872). Wood-Mason, Fourn. As. Soc. Bengal, LI, Part II, p. 21 (1882) ; Cat. Mant., p. 4, fig. 1, 2, 3 (1889). Bolivar, Ann. Soc. ent. France, LXVI, p. 303 (1897). Gigho-Tos, Gen. Ins. Orth. 144 fasc., p. 8 (1913). Un @. Dibrugarh, N. E. Assam. Specie, secondo Wood-Mason, abbondante in Calcutta sul tronco deggi alberi. Habitat. India (Stal), Nazeerah, Assam, Calcutta, Khurda, Orissa (Wood-Mason), Assam, Darjeeling, Madura (Bolivar). 416 Records of the Indian Museum, [Volray lls Gen. Theopompa, Stal. T. servillei, de Haan. Mantis (Mantis) servillei, de Haan, Badr. tot de Kenn. Orth., p. 81, tab. 16, figs. 5, 6 (1842).-Saussure, Mitth. Schweiz. ent. Gesells. III, p. 62 (1869). Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, XX1, p. 24 e 274 (1871) (Humbertiella). Stal, Bthang till sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. \V, No. 10, p. 48 (1877) (Theopompa). Una larva 2. Thingannyinaung to Myawadi, Lr. Burma, ca. yoo ft. Habitat. Specie diffusa dalla Birmania, a Siam, Giava, isole della Sonda, Ceram. Gen. Statilia, Stal. S. haanii, Saus. Mantts (Mantis) maculata, de Haan, Biydr. tot de Kenn. Orth., p. 77, pl. 18, fig. 5 (1842). Pseudomantis haanit, Saussure, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, XX1, P- 37, € 276 (1871). rah : Pseudomantits maculata, Saussure, ibidem, XXIII, p. 23 (1872). Statilia maculata, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. ent. France, LXVI, p. 309 (1897). Statilia haanti, Giglio-Tos, Bull. Soc. ent. ital. XLII, p. 6. (1g11). Una ?.—Kobo, 400 ft.—Un @~. Dibrugarh, N. E. Assam. Habitat. Specie molto diffusa e comune in tutta I’ Asia orientale da Ceylon alle isole Filippinee Giapponesi e alla Nuova Guinea. Gen. Tenodera, Burm. YT. aridifoliay Stoll: Mantis aridtfolia, Stoll, Spectres, Mantes, etc., p. 65, pl. xxi, fig, 82.— Serville, Js. Orth., p. 178 (1839). Mantis chloreudeta, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. 11, p. 535 (1838). Tenodera aridifolia, Saussure, Mittherl. schweiz. ent. Gesells. 111, p.69 (1869). Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, XXI1, p. 97. var. ae pag. 294. Giglio-Tos, Bell. Soc. ent.vtak. XLT psez(aont): Paratenodera, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, p. 705 (1903). Una ? .—La-ai R.,Kalem V., Mishmi Country. Habitat. Anche questa specie € comune e diffusa dall’ India a tutta 1’ Asia orientale fino alle isole della Sonda, alle Filippine, al Giappone. Gen. Hierodula Burm. H. crassa, Giglio-Tos. Hierodula crassa, Giglio-Tos, Bull. Soc. ent. ttal. XLII, p. 93 (1911). Un o euna ¢. La-ai R., Kalem V., Mishmi Country. Habitat. Specie, a quanto pare, propria dell’ India e gia da me segnalata a Darjeeling. Gen. Iridopteryx, Saus. I, irina, Saus. Gonypeta irtna, Saussure, Mittheil. Schweiz. ent. Gesells. III, p. 244 (1870). Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. nat. XXI1, p. 56, pl. 6, fig. 42 (1871). Un o&. Thingannyinaung to Myawadi, Lr. Burma, ca. goo ft. Habitat. Specie dell Amboina. we <= 1914. ] -ERMANNO GieLio-Tos: Orthoptera, IIT. AI7 Gen. Acromantis, Saus. 2 A, japonica, Westw. Acromantis japonica, \WNestwood, Rev. Mant., p. 43 (1889). Jacobson et Bianki, Prem. 1 Lozhn. Ross. Imp., p. 153 (1902). Una ° .—Thingannyinaung to Myawadi, Lr. Burma, ca. goo ft. Habitat. Specie segnalata finora solo al Giappone. Nelle collezioni del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova ne trovai un esemplare proveniente da Formosa. PHASMIDAB. Gen. Phyllium. P. celebicum, de Haan. Phyllium celebicum, de Haan, Bijdr. tot de Kenn. Orth., p. 111 (1842). Gray, Zoologist, I, p. 121. Westwood, Cat. Phasm., p. 173, pl. xi, fig. 6 (1859). Wood-Mason, Fourn. As. Soc. Bengal XLIV, Part II, p. 218, pl. xvi (1875). Quattro ¢.—Tra Kobo e Janakmukh. Yambang a 1100 ft.; Sirpo, Rotung a 1400 ft. Habitat. Specie diffusa dalle isole Seychelles a tutta I’ Asia orientale fino alle isole Filippine ed all’Amboina. Gen. Clitumnus, Stal. C. ablutus, Brun. Clitumnus ablutus, Brunner, /nsektenfam. Phasm., p. 190 (1908). Un o@ e due larve o. Sukli. E. Side of Dawna Hills, Lr. Burma, ca. 2100 ft. Habitat. Specie segnalata finora solo all’isola di Ceylon. C. operculatus, Brun. Clitumnus operculatus, Brunner, /nsektenfam. Phasm., p. 192 (1908). uf Pp. 192 Un o. Parong a 2200 ft. Habitat. Specie dell’ Assam. C. aboricus, n. sp. ¢ .—Pallide olivaceus vittis duabus contiguis a vertice ad apicem abdominis perductis vix fuscioribus ornatus. Caput elonga- tum, depressum, retrorsum nonnihil angustatum, occipite utrinque suleato, antennis brevissimis parte attenuata femorum anticorum vix longioribus. Pronotum laeve. Mesonotum et metanotum minime obsolete granulosa, utrinque ad margines laterales granulis 3-5 majoribus fuscioribus instructa, carinula media tenuissima. Sterna fusco marmorata. Abdomen tenuiter pluricarinulatum, segmento ultimo apice bilobo, lamina su- praanali minutissima, carinata apposita. Operculum naviculare, 418 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL av iis haud inflatum, apicem abdominis subattingens. Cerci brevissimi, conici. Pedeslongi. Femora antica triquetra, carina supera acute serrato-dentata, carinis coeteris muticis. Femora intermedia superne carina antica in lobum tridentatum humilem, sed plus quam tertiam partem medianam nuncupatim elevata, carina media infera apicem granulis minimis 4-5 instructa. Femora_ postica carinis muticis vel fere muticis. Tibiae anticae et intermediae superne spinulis 2-3, tibiae posticae apicem versus superne spinulis 3-4 armatae. Long. corp. mm. 71 eee Cie yor n es eae 0 -) pron. ‘XY 3 Peso: ieee A jpotmetan: pe OS) ey segm, med. me 2 ee emMor. aire. ees sr oe a etitenm: Ho | 9 »? post. ” 18°5 Due @ senza indicazione di localita. Gen. Cuniculina, Brun. C. rotungina, n. sp. 2 .—Gracillima, parva, pallide straminea. Caput nonnihil depressum, retrorsum angustatum, vertice griseo, inter antennas carinulis duabus divergentibus instructo, summo vertice inter oculos in carinam transversam medio ab incisura angulata in lobos duos triangulares divisa instructo. Antennae brevissimae, capite cum pronoto subaeque longae, articulo apicali vix infuscato. Pronotum laeve margine postico utrinque medio nigro subtillime signato, utrinque ad angula postica verruca minuta fusca signatum. Mesonotum et metanotum laevia. Meso-et metapleurae supra insertionem coxarum infuscatae. Meso-et metasterna minutissime granulosa. Femora antica superne basi spinis nigris 4 minutis, dehine spinula minuta in medio et ante apicem fuscis. Femora intermedia mesonoto aeque longa, nonnihil incurvata, superne carinis obsolete undulatis, inferne utrinque spinulis infuscatis obtusis instructa. Femora postica uti intermedia constructa. Tibiae omnes subtus utrinque spinulis obtusis fuscis nonnullis remotis instructae. Segmentum anale apice truncato, vix emarginato, lamina supraanali triangulari apposita. Cerci breves conici, acuminati, lamina supraanali aeque longi. Operculum gracile, compressum, carinatum, acutum, apicem abdominis superans. Tong. corp. mm. 50 oo Capite bee) 53h aDrOn: ane Nae 2 sh Meson: a 0) ou. netan: a 5 IQT4.] ERMANNO GiGLio-Tos: Orthoptera, III. 419 Long. seem. med. mm. 2 fo) sgn ACI ant. peace: na Preis Uo NBS: Wes | ee Ch ns Ge Gal 9 »” post. oe) E30 Unay?... Rotung, alt. 1300 ft; Specie alquanto affine a C. detrectans Br. ma differente per la forma speciale della cresta del vestice, e per la struttura dei piedi. C. perfida, n. sp. Bacillus (Baculum) artemis, Wood-Mason, Fourn. As. Soc. Bengal, XM, Partehibep. 51, ple vin, Gg. 2) 20; 2b, 2c, 2d, vars (1873) (mec W. estwood, Cat. Phasm., p. 10, pl. xxvi, fig. 9, ga (1850) ; nec \Wood-Mason, Joc. cit., pl. vi, figier ds 9—Terrea, undique dense granulosa. Caput retrorsum angustatum, vertice pone antennas utrinque cornu brevi com- presso armato, sparse acute granoso. Antennae brevissimae, articulo primo laminato- ampliato, flagello capiticum pronoto aeque longo. Segmentum 6 (7) ventrale margine postico in medio Spina depressa triangulari procumbenti armato. Segmentum anale apice late bilobo, incisura medio angulata, lamina supraanali apposita minuta, apice truncato, carinata. Cerci breves, conici. Operculum naviculare, compressum, apice carinato, apicem abdominis haud attingens. Femora antica superne densius subtus remote serrata. Femora intermedia subtus pone basim carina postica spina lobulari triangulari rotundata instructa, ante apicem bispinosa, carina media apice quadridentata, superne carina media spinis 3-4 remotis armata. Femora postica subtus spina lobulari basali nulla, carina media apice quadridentata, carina postica 5-6 remote spinosa, catina antica 3-5 spinosa, superne carina media remote 4 spinosa. Tuibiae anticae superne spina unica pone basim armatae. Tibiae intermediae superne carina media pone basim dentibus lobularibus triangularibus acutis 2, spinisque 2 ante apicem armata, subtus mutica, carina media tantum ad basim elevato ampliata. ‘Tibiae posticae superne 6 spinosae, subtus muticae, carina media tantum ad basim elevata. Long. corp. mm. I10 tie apie: ifs 6°5 Sn LOD: is 4 7 meson: cae ee 22. aetan. Peete » segment. med. oe 4 aipeend. ant. epee: a ereetuolas oul Pre ce) ” »? post. ” 25 Una femmina adulta. Upper Rotung, alt. ca. 2000 ft. Una femmina giovane. Rotung, alt. 1300 ft. Questa specie somiglia assai all’esemplare figurato da Wood- Mason e da lui ritenuto come varieta di Bacillus artemis, Westw. dal quale invece é ben distinta. 420 Records of the Indian Museum. (Vor. VIII, Brunner von Wattenwyll nella sua Monografia dei Fasmidi riconobbe giustamente questa distinzione e designd col nome di Chtumnus porrectus ’esemplare suddetto figurato da Wood-Mason, dandone una descrizione in parte desunta dalla figura del Wood- Mason ed in parte, ma sovratutto, fatta su un esemplare della collezione Pantel raccolto a Kurseong nell’ India settentrionale, che egli credette uguale a quello figurato da Wood-Mason. Ma il Brunner incorse in un errore. Dalla figura del Wood-Mason, per quanto imperfetta, risulta pero evidente che il vertice non é privo di sporgenze, carattere distintivo del gen. Cltumnus, ma munito di appendici cornute lamellari (nella figura sopra citata mal rappresentate perche somigliano quasi ad una cresta trasversale) carattere distintivo del gen. Cuniculina. L,esemplare dunque della collegione Pantel, descritto da Brunner ha il vertice privo di corna e quindi é un vero Clitwmnus e ben distinto da quello figurato da Wood-Mason. Anche le figure date dal Westwood per Bacillus Artemis sono prive di corna al vertice, quindi apparteng- gono al gen. Clitumnus. Si tratta quindi di tre specie distinte : 1. Clitumnus artemis, Westwood, Cat. Phasm., p. Io, pl. xxvi, fig. 9, ga (1859)—Wood-Mason, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, XLII, Part II, p. 51, pl. vi, fig. r (1873)—-Brunner, Insektenfam. Phasm., p. 195 (1908) (nec Wood-Mason, loc. cit. var. pl. vi, fig. 2, 2a-d). 2. Cltumnus porrectus, Brunner, Insektenfam. Phasm., p. 196 (1908) (synom. Cl. artemis, Wood-Mason excludenda) 3. Cuniculina perfida, Giglio-Tos, ? Bacillus (Baculum) artemis, Wood-Mason, loc. cit, p. 51, var. pl. vi, fig. 2. 2a-d (nec Westwood, nec Brunner, nec Clitumnus porrectus, Brunner). Che Vesemplare da me descritto corrisponda precisamente alla figura del Wood-Mason non si puo dire. I femori mediani portano presso la base un lobo da ciascuna parte al di sotto, mentre nell’esemplare da me osservato il lobo non si trova che dalla parte posteriore. Tutte le spine che armato 1 piedi sono poi nella figura citata molto esagerate, ma forse cio € stato fatto appositamente da Wood-Mason per far risaltare meglio, come egli dice appunto a p. 51,1 caratteri differenziali della specie tipica, ‘“‘A variety found in all the districts mentioned above with the exception of the Bhutan Doars is figured side by side with the typical form on the same plate as showing the value of the armature of the legs unsupported by other characters in making a species. ...’’ Ma in tutti gli altri caratteri risultanti dalla figura e dei particolari: granulosita del corpo, proporzioni delle parti, forma dell’ opercolo e dei cerci, forma del segmento anale e della lamina sopraanale e sopratutto poi la spina del settimo segmento ventrale, caratteristica di questa specie, vi corrispondono esattamente. Le localita menzionate da Wood-Mason sono: Sikkim, Cachar, Samagooting in Naga Hills. 1914.] -ERMANNO GicLio-Tos: Orthoptera, IIT. 421 Gen. Menexenus, Stal. M. rotunginus, n. sp. o. ¢.—Fuscoterreus, rugosus et granulosus. Caput pone antennas utrinque spina antrorsum versa, acuta, armatum, in & pone spinas dense granosum, in @ sublaeve. Antennae longae, setaceae, articulis omnibus flavo-testaceis apice infuscato, qua de re antennae fusco-annulatae. Pronotumin ? grossein @ obsolete granosum. Mesonotum in @ tectiformiter compressum, carinatum, sparsim granosum et rugulosum, ad latera et in carina media granulis nonnullis majoribus, margine postico medio bitubercutato, in % sparsim minute granulosum, subcylindricum, carina media nulla, margine postico tuberculis binis minoribus. Metanotum in 2? uti mesonotum constructum, in ” sublaeve, margine postico granulo unico minutissimo instructum. Segmentum medianum metanoto dimidio brevius, margine spina armato, in @ depressa, procumbente, in @ conica, erecta. Abdomen in @ depressum, pluricarinulatum grosse granosum, segmentis I-5 margine postico spina media procumbenti armatis, segmento 8° in lobum compresso- cristatum triangularem, acutum, retrorsum nutantem elevatum, segmento anali brevi, grosse granoso, tricarinato, apice truncato, lamina supraanali brevi, transversa, carinata apposita. Abdomen @ subcylindricum, nodosum, obtuse granosum, segmentis I-5 ante marginem posticum spina conica, acuta, erecta, armatis, segmentis 6-8 ante apicem tuberculo medio obtusissimo instructis, segmento anali compresso, apice profunde fisso, lobis lateralibus intus minute denticulatis. Pectus et venter in @ minute in 9 grosse granosa. Cerci in utroque sexu brevissimi, crassi, deplanati apice truncato. Operculum naviculare, ampliatum, carinatum, apice rotundato. Segmentum ventrale 8 ¢ cucullatum, globosum, margine postico rotundato, apice carinato. Femora antica 9 margine supero irregulariter undulato, o subrecto. Femora intermedia 2? metanotum cum segmento mediano superantia, utrinque superne dentibus lobatis, rotundatis 4 instructa, 2 inter- mediis majoribus, subtus utrinque lobo praeapicali triangulari rotundato instructa. Femora intermedia o» superne utrinque minute et obtuse quadridentata, subtus utrinque dente praeapicali triangulari acuto armata. Femora postica @ superne utrinque irregulariter minute undulata, subtus ante apicem utrinque dente triangulari armata. Femora postica ~ superne subteretia, subtus utrinque dente praeapicali armata. Tibiae omnes @? superne pluriondulato-lobatae, lobis in tibiis anticis majoribus in posticis minimis, in o subteretes. ou g Long. corp. mm. 58 69 Ta Capit. i 4°5 6 »» pron. >> 4 4°5 jae oan eCSOn. prea es 16 3 ametan. as 6 6 3 seem. med. 3 4 422 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor.2VIE (oe g Long. fem. ant. mm. 18 7 op 30 almtberin: < 13 13 +5 bi) post. >) 17 19 Un @ eduna @? adulti. Rotung alt. 1500 ft. Una larva 2. Below Damda, 3000 ft. Un altra larva 9. Kobo, alt. 400 ft. Specie somigliante alquanto a M. semiarmatus, Westw., ma distinta per la struttura dei piedi e sovratutto per il lobo trian- golare che si eleva sull’ 8° (9°) segmento dell’addome nella femmina. Il maschio somiglia alquanto a quello di Medaura Austeni figurato da Wood-Mason in Journ. As. Soe. Bengal, XLVI, Part II, p. 343, pl. iii, fig. 4, 4¢, 4b ma ne differisce per le spine del capo, mancanti in quest’ ultima, per la struttura dei piedi e per la mancauza di spina al margine posteriore del meso-e de! metanoto Gen. Myronides, Stal. M. baucis, Westw. Bacteria Baucis, Westwood, Cat. Phasm., p. 21, pl. vili, fig. 8 (1859). 2 Lopaphus Baucis, Wood-Mason, Fourn, As. Soc. Bengal, XLVI, Part II, p- 349, pl. ii, fig. 2 (1877) ¢. Myronides Baucis, Brunner, /nsektenfam. Phasm., p. 254 (1908). Tre @ che corrispondono esattamente alla figura del Wood- Mason. La-ai R., Kalem V., Mishmi country. Wood-Mason dice che questa specie 6 abbondante nei dintomi di Sibsagar nell’ Assam. M. dawnanus, n. sp. @. Gracillimus, cylindricus, fusco-olivaceus, laevis. Caput laeve, muticus. Antennae corpore longiores. Mesonotum utrinque punctis tribus nigris subobsoletis signatum, angulis posticis elytris minimis squamiformibus albis instructis. Metanotum angulis posticis alis minimis squamiformibus albis ut in mesonoto instructis. Segmentum anale fornicatum in lobos duos acuminatos intus denticulatos angulatim divisum. Cerci breves, crassi, apice incurvo, rotundato. Lamina subgenitalis brevis, cucullata, apice late rotundato truncata. Pedes gracillimi, longissimi, mutici. Femora omnia ante apicem subtus carina media spina triangulari armata. Long. corp. mm. 81 aes OI: oe al se ametam: Bera: 5. 2. Segtm: ined: Beth SACS po au cade hane: ARES ar jue ALE G IE ee! 2) ” post. » 29 Un solo o~. Third Camp to Misty Hollow, Dawna Hills, Lr. Burma, 400-2400 ft. 1QT4. | ~ERMANNO Gici10-Tos: Orthoptera, IIT. 423 Somiglia assaia M. baucis ma € assai pili piccolo, manca di linea nera lungo il dorso, é pit gracile e presenta agli angoli poste- riori del meso-e del metanoto dei rudimenti degli organi del volo che appaiono a mo, di due piccole squamette bianche. Gen. Calvisia, Stat. C. fusco-alata, Redt. ? Calvisia fusco-alata, Redtenb., in: Jusektenfam. Phasm., p. 567 (1908). Un individuo solo molto guasto. Ta-ai R., Kalem V., Mishmi country. Sono quindi assai incerto sulla esattezza della deter- minazione. ~——__— ~~ _~ Ree elles LBAR-MoL ED Ase By F. SILvestri (tn Portici, Italy). The Termitidae here recorded were collected either by Mr. F. H. Gravely in Lower Burma or by Mr. S. W. Kemp in the Abor country and belong to eleven species, of which seven are described as new. 1. Schedorhinotermes magnificus, sp. n. MILES MAJOR. Corpus subluteum mandibulis nigris. Caput (fig. i) subaeque longum‘ atque postice latum, antror- sum gradatim aliquantum angustatum, labio subtrapezoideo, paullum latiore quam longiore, mandibulis robustis, quam caput magis quam dimidium brevioribus, dentibus consuetis magnis. Antennae 18-articulatae, articulo tertio quam quartus aliquantum longiore, articulo quarto quam quintus parum breviore (in exem- plo uno antenna altera 17-articulata, articulo tertio quam quartus vix longiore et articulo quarto quam. quintus etiam vix longiore). Pronotum (fig. 1) quam caput multo angustius, angulis late rotundatis margine postico paullum sinuato; meso-et metanoto lateribus late rotundatis. Abdomen ovale elongatum segmentorum margine postico setis sat numerosis brevibus et paucis longiusculis instructum. Cerci sat elongati. Pedes longi, breviter setosi, tibiae spinis api- calibus elongatis. Long. corp. mm. 7°6; long. capitis cum mandibulis 379, ejusdem lat. 2°6, long. antennarum 3, mandibularum 1°55, tibiae 188 Gk : MILES MINOR. Corpus flavescens, mandibulis nigris. Caput (fig. ii) parum minus quam 4} longius quam latius, lateribus parallelis, antice parum angustatum, postice late rotun- datum, labio subrectangulari mandibulas vix superante, parum minus quam duplo longiore quam latiore, mandibulis dentibus con- suetis instructis. Antennae I6-articulatae, articulo tertio quam quartus aliquantum longiore, articulo quarto quam quintus paul- lum breviore. 1 Capitis longitudo a margine postico ad labii basim mensa est. 426 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor sVacnie Long. corp. mm. 5; long capitis cum mandibulis 2°22, ejusdem dat. 105, long. antennarum 2°05, mandibularum 0°94, tibiae TDL 1 ES! OPERARIUS.—Corpus stramineum, capite cremeo. Caput paullum latius quam longius, clypeo parum convexo. Antennae 18-articulatae, articulo tertio quam quartus parum longiore, articulo quarto quam quintus breviore. Fic. 1.—Schedorhinotermes magnifi- Fie. u.— Schedorhinotermes cus, miles major: caput, thorax et uro- magnificus, miles minor: caput, tergitum primum prona. thorax et urotergitum primum prona. Pronotum lobi antici margine late rotundato, medio indis- tincte sinuato. Abdomen setis numerosis brevibus instructum. Long. corp. mm. 5; long. capitis.1°70; lat. cap. 1°85; long: antennarum 2°10, tibiae III 1°62. Habitat. Misty Hollow, W. side of Dawna hills, Lr. Burma, ca. 2200 ft. (F. H. Gravely—22-30. xi. IgII). Observatio. Species haec ad S. malaccensis Holmgr. proxima est, sed magnitudine et antennarum articulorum numero distincta est. 1914. ] F. SILVESTRI: Termitidae. 427 2. Termes annandalei, sp. n. MILES MAJOR. Corpus capite sublatericio, mandibulis nigris, _ cetero supra badio, subtus sordide fulvescente. Caput (fig. ili, 1) partem anticam versus paullum angustatum, paullum longius q'am postice latius, parum convexum, fontanella multo longe a clypeo, parum ante dimidium caput, sita, labro antice subtriangulari et albicante, mandibulis robustis apice bene arcuato. Antennae 17-articulatae, articulo tertio quam secundus ca. I-3 longiore et quam quartus ca.t-6 longiore, articulo quarto quam quintus vix longiore. Pronotum (fig. iii, 2) quam capitis dimidia latitudo paullum latius, antice et postice late, parum profunde sinuatum, lateribus angustatis margine rotundato. Pedes tibia infra setis subspini- formibus sat numerosis et spinis apicalibus consuletis 3,2,2 armata. Fic. 11.—TZermes annandalei: 1. militis majoris caput; 2. ejusdem thorax (magis ampliatus) ; 3. militis minoris caput. Abdomen tergitis et sternitis setis sat longis, 2-3 seriatis, instructis. Long. corp. mm. 12; long. capitis sine mandibulis 5, ejusdem lat. 4°3; long. mandibularum 2°6, tibiae ITI 3°5. MILES MINOR. Militi majori similis est sed differt mandibulis (Fig. iii, 3) magis attenuatis, antennarum articulo secundo quam tertius vix breviore. Long. corporis mm. 7°5; long. capitis 3, ejusdem lat. 2°60; long. mandibularum 2, tibiae III 2°5. OPERARIUS MAJOR. Corpus capite badio macula subcirculari mediana albicante ornato, clypeo fulvo-castaneo, cetero supra fulvo-castaneo, subtus fulvescente, pedibus isabellinis. 428 Records of the Indian Museum. ore WANUE, Caput subcirculare, clypeo sat inflato. Antennae 17-arti- culatae, articulo tertio quam secundus vix breviore et quam quartus fere 1-5 longiore, articulo quarto quam quintus paullum ~ longiore. Pronotum lobi antici margine medio haud sinuato. Abdomen tergitis setis 2-3-seriatis, sternitis setis sat longis 2-3 seriatis et aliis brevibus instructum. Long. corp. mm. 7; lat. capitis 2°3; long. antennarum 3'5, tibiae III 2'5. OPERARIUS MINOR operario majori similis est, sed capitis colore parum pallidiore, antennarum articulotertio quam secundus parum et quam quartus paullum breviore. Long. corp. mm. 4°6: lat. capitis 1°5; long. antennarum, 2°5, tibiae III rg. Habitat. Moulmein (Lower Burma). Observatio. Species haec, Calcuttae Musei Directori Prof. Annandale dicata, ad Termes malaccensis, Hav. proxima est, sed militis majoris statura et militum fontanella cephalica multo magis a clypeo remota praesertim distinctissima est. 3. Odontotermes assamensis, Holmgren. Specimens collected by the Abor Expedition at Sadiya, Dibrugarh and Yembung. 4. Odontotermes microdens, Holmgren. A few specimens, collected by the Abor Expedition in rotten wood near Kobo at 4o0 ft. alt., agree with co-types received by Dr. N. Holmgren and collected by Fletcher at Chaumahani. Other specimens, coliected at Gurdaspur, are a little smaller than those from Kobo. 5. Odontotermes feae (Wasm.) The Abor Expedition collected at Sadiya a few specimens of Odontotermes that differ from the typical form of O. feae in their smaller size, having the soldiers with the head, without mandibles, mm. 2°40 long, and 1°88 wide, and the mandibles 1°45 long. 6. Odontotermes gravelyi, sp. n. MILES. Corpus cremeo—flavum capite ferrugineo mandibulis nigris. Caput (fig. iv, p. 429) parum longius quam latius, partem anticam versus paullum angustatum, supra parum convexum, labro antice parum angustato rotundato, fontanella obtecta, mandibulis robustis apice bene arcuato. Antennae 17—articulatae, articulo secundo quam tertius ca. I-4 longiore, articulo quarto quam tertius vix longiore. IQT4.] F, SILVESTRI: Termitidae. 429 Pronotum (fig. iv) lobi antici margine medio paullum sinuato, margine postico parum sinuato, marginibus lateralibus late rotun- datis. Mesonotum quam pronotum paullo minus latum, metano- tum quam mesonotum parum latius. Pedes longi, setosi, tibiae spinis apicalibus consuetis robustis. Abdomen tergitis et sternitis setis brevibus et setis breviori- bus numerosis instructis. Long. corp. mm, 8, long. capitis cum mandibulis 4°8, sine Fre. 1v.—Odontotermes gravelyi : militis caput et thorax prona. mandibulis 3:2; lat. cap.2°6; mandibularum 1°60, antennarum 3°5, tibiae III 2°4. OPERARIUS MAJOR.—Corpus cremeum capite fulvo-ochroleu- cum, fontanella ochroleuca magna, macula mediana parva ful- vescente instructa. Caput subrotundatum, clypeo sat inflato. Antennae 19-arti- culatae, articulo secundo quam tertius duplo longiore, articulo quarto quam tertius crassiore et parum longiore, articulum quinto subaequante. Pronotum lobi antici margine medio vix sinuato. 430 Records of the Indian Museum. [Von. VIGE, Long. corp. mm. 6; lat. capitis 2; long. antennarum 2'5; tibiae III I°g. Habitat. Sukli, E. side of Dawna Hills, Lr. Burma ca. 2100 ft. Observatio. Species haec ad O. feae proxima est, sed militis capitis magnitudine et ejusdem mandibulis apice parum magis arcuato et operarii majoris antennarum articulo tertio quam quar- tus breviore saltem distincta est. 7, Eutermes roboratus, sp. n. Fic. v.—Eutermes voboratus: 1. nasuti caput pronum; 2. idem lateraliter inspectum; 3. mandibula; 4. pedum tertii paris tibiae apex, tarsus et praetarsus. I 3 I MILES. Corpus fulvo-ferrugineum capite fulvo-latericio nasi apice paullum obscuriore, pedibus fulvo-isabellinis. Caput (fig. v, I-2) ca. 3/10 longius quam latius, fronte sub- plana, naso! recto quam caput ceterum parum breviore, grada- tim attenuato. Antennae 13-articulatac, articulo tertio quam secundus 1/3 longiore et quam quartus duplo longiore, articulo quinto quam quartus 1/3 longiore. Mandibulae vide fig. v, 3. Pronotum lobi antici margine medio vix sinuato. Pedes omnes tibiae apice (fig. v, 4) spinis duabus internis armato. 1 Nasus semper ab antennarum foveae margine antico mensus est. IQT4. | F. SILVESTRI: Termitidae. 431 Abdomen tergitis subnudis, a quinto setis I+-I, a sexto setis 2+2 posticis sat longis instructis, sternitis setis brevibus sat numerosis et setis nonnullis posticis longis vel sat longis instructis. Long. corp. mm 4; long. capitis 1°94, ejusdem lat. 1°24, long. antennarum 1°64, tibiae III 1-30. OPERARIUS. Corpus ochraceo-isabellinum, capite badio, suturae medianae parte antica sat lata et suturis lateralibus, antennis pedibusque avellaneis. Caput parum latius quam longius, clypeo parum inflato. An- tennae 14-articulatae, articulo tertio secundum longitudine aequante et quam quartus fere duplo longiore, articulo quinto quam quartus c. I-3 longiore. Pronotum lobi antici margine antico medio parum sinuato. Pedes et abdomen eisdem militis similia. Long. corp. mm 4'5; lat. capitis 1°45; long. antennarum 4a) tibiae 1111-36. Habitat. Moulmein (Lr. Burma). 8. Eutermes moratus, sp. n. NYMPHA. Straminea oculis nigrescentibus appendicibus alari- bus fumosis. Antennae 15-articulatae, articulis 3° et 4° breviori- bus. Long. corp. mm. 7; append. alarium I. MILES. Corpus stramineum capite pallide ochraceo, naso testa- ceo-latericio. Caput (fig. vi, p. 432) parum magis quam 1/3 longius quam latius, lateribus paullum arcuatis, lineo dorsuali subrecta, naso attenuato, mandibulis processu externo sat longo, antennis 13- articulatis, articulo tertio quam secundus 1/3 longiore et quam quartus fere duplo longiore, articulo quinto quam quartus ali- quantum longiore. Pronoti lobus anticus margine medio vix sinuato. Pedes sat setosi, tibiae calcaribus longis. Abdominis tergita setis minimis sat numerosis et setis nonnul- lis posticis sat longis, sternita setis brevioribus et brevibus sat numerosis et setis nonnullis posticis longis instructa. Long. corp. mm 4, long. capitis 1°69, ejusdem lat. 1, long. nasi 0°78, antennae 1°43, tibiae III 0°08. OPERARIUS ignotus est. Habitat. Yambung. Alt. 1100 ft. (Abor Expedition). S. W. Kemp. Observatio. Species haec ad E. ceylonicus Holmgr. et E. flet- cheri Holmgr. proxima est, sed magnitudine et militis capitis forma saltem distincta est. 9. Speculitermes cyclops, Wasm. Some specimens (workers) collected at “‘ Third camp to Misty Hollow, Dawna Hills, Lr. Burma.” 432 Records of the Indian Museum. 4 Vor. VTE 10. Globitermes audax, sp. n. MILES. Corpus cremeum capite ochraceo-luteo, mandibularum dimidia parte distali fusco-sufa. Caput (fig. vii, p. 433) subaeque longum atque latum, sub- rotundatum, dorso convexiusculo et setis nonnullis instructo, labro pullum longo quam postice lato, antice angustato, apice pallido, parum rotundato. Antennae 14-articulatae, articulo tertio secun- dum longitudine subaequante et quam quartus ca. 1/3 longiore, articulo quarto quam quintus ca. 1/5 breviore. Mandibulae quam Hic. vi.—Eutermes moratus: 1. militis caput pronum; 2. idem lateraliter inspectum. caput parum breviores, dente submediano robusto, parte apicali valde arcuata apice attenuato acuto. Pronoti lobus anticus sat magnus, margine antico medio aliquantum inciso. Abdomen setis brevioribus numerosis et setis brevibus non- nullis instructum. Pedes tibiae spinis apicalibus (fig. viii, 2, p. 433) brevibus armati. Long. corp.mm 5; long. capitis sine mandibulis 1°17, ejus- dem lat. 1°20; long. mandibularum 1:06, tibiae III 1°18. 1914. ] F. Srnvestri: Termitidae. 433 KiG. viii—Globitermes audax: 1. operarii secundi paris tibiae apex, tarsus et praetarsus; 2. militis tertii paris tibiae apex, tarsus praetarsus. 434 Records of the Indian Museum. EVO. WEL, OPERARIUS. Corpus stramineum capite cremeo. Caput paullum latius quam longius, clypeo bene inflato, antennis I4-articulatis, articulo secundo quam tertius aliquantum longiore, articulo tertio quam quartus aliquantum longiore, arti- culo quarto quam quintus aliquantum breviore. Pronoti lobus anticus sat magnus, medius paullum incisus. Long. corp. mm 5; lat. capitis 1:23; long tibiae III 1-04. Habitat. Exempla nonnulla ad Moulmein (Burma); Gravely legit. Observatio. Species haec ad G. sulphureus (Hav.) proxima est, sed magnitudine et mandibularum parte distali magis arcuata praesertim distinctissima est. Il. Capritermes Iaetus, sp. n. Fic. ix.—Cafritermes laetus: 1. militis caput pronum; 2. idem lateraliter -nspectum. MILES. Corpus stramineum capite cremeo, mandibulis nigres- centibus. Caput (fig. ix) circa 1/3 longius quam latius lateribus paul- IQI4.] F. SILVESTRI: Termitidae. 435 lum convexis, dorso convexo, fronte super fontanellam rotunda- tim aliquantum inflata, superficie setis nonnullis instructa, labro profunde inciso et lateribus anticis attenuatis elongatis, acutis. Antennae I4-articulatae, articulo tertio secundum subaequante et quam quartus vix longiore. Mandibulalaeva quam caput paullum brevior, minus arcuata quam eadem C nemorosi, Hav. Pronoti lobus anticus sat magnus, haud incisus est. Abdomen setosum, cercis sat longis. Fic. x.—Capritermes laetus: 1. militis secundi paris tibiae apex tarsus et praetarsus; 2. militis tertii paris tibiae apex, tarsus et praetarsus. Pedes longi, sat robusti, tibiae (fig. x) spinis apicalibus sat longis, tarsi articulis I-3 postice infra attenuatis et elongatis. Long. corp. mm 6.5; long. capitis sine mandibulis 2°25; ejusdem lat. 1°45; long. mandibulae laevae 2°08, tibiae III 1°32. Habitat. Exemplum typicum ad. Sukli, E. side of Dawna hills, Lr. Burma ca. 2100 ft. Gravely legit. Observatio. Species haec ad C. incola, Wasm. proxima, sed magnitudine, antennarum articulo quarto quam tertius vix breviore bene distincta est. . ————— —— ——_— EEO ait nic ai! 5 pane Bee ee yb PID O Pi Bw Ree el eae Nhe Delo. By GEORGE M. HENRY. The Moths collected by Mr. Kemp in the Abor country are few in number and mostly of no great geographical interest, being for the most part, species of wide distribution No new species are described. I have identified the specimens mainly by com- parison with specimens in the Dudgeon collection from Sikhim, Bhutan, etc., and the Green collection from Ceylon, both of which are now in the Indian Museum. I have also used the old Indian Museum general collection to a considerable extent. The nomenclature and classification adopted is that of Sir G. F. Hampson in the Fauna of British India, Moths, and in his supplementary papers on the Moths of India in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 1. Saturnia pyretorum, Westw. 2 specimens. Yambung. March 1912. The previously recorded distribution of this species is China and Sikhim. 2. Dilemera arctata, WIk. I specimen. Rotung. 28-xii-I1. Previously recorded from Sikhim ; Khasis; Nagas and Bhutan. 3. Nyctemera varians, WIk. I specimen. Sadiya. 27-xi-I1. Previously recorded from Sikhim: Bhutan; N. E. India and Burma. 4. Nyctemera coleta, Cram. I specimen. Kobo. 30-xi-II. Previously recorded from Assam; Ceylon: Burma; Malacca, Java and Ceram. 5. Miltochrista perpallida, Hamp. I specimen. Rotung. 20-xii-II. The Abor specimen is ochreous on head, thorax and abdo- men. This species is recorded from Sikhim. 438 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vous Valls 6. Miltochrista undulosa, WIk. I specimen. Rotung. 25*xii-IT. Previously recorded from Kangra; Sikhim; Khasis and Moul- mein. 7. Agrotis flavirena, Moore. I specimen. Rotung. 23-xii-11. Caught at light. Previously recorded from Sikhim. 8. Prodenia littoralis. Boisd. I specimen. Kobo. 7-xii-11. Caught at light. This species is widely distributed through the Mediterranean sub-region and throughout the tropical and sub-tropical zones of the Old World. 9. Amyna selenampha, Guen. I specimen. Dibrugarh. 22-xi-11. Previously recorded from Natal; Madagascar; China; through- out India and Ceylon; Andamans; Philippines; Borneo and Java. 10. Sypna quadrisignata, Wlk. I specimen. Margharita. 26-x1II. Previously: recorded from Dharmsala; Sikhim; Shillong; Tavoy. 11. -Acantholipes pansalis, Wk. I specimen. Dibrugarh. 22-xi-TT. Previously recorded from Formosa; Andamans; Singapore; throughout India; Ceylon and Burma. 12. Thermesia rubricans, Boisd. I specimen. Kobo. Undated. Previously recorded from Africa; throughout the Indian region: Java and the Pacific Islands. 13. Plusia orichalcea, Fabr. I specimen. Rotung. [0-iii-12. Previously recorded from the Azores; Madeira; Canaries; St. Helena; Ascension; S. Africa; Mauritius; Arabia; Japan; China; Formosa: throughout India and Ceylon. 14. Raparna digramma, WIk. I specimen. Sadiya. 26-xi-II. Previously recorded from N. W. Himalayas; W. and S. India and Ceylon. 1914. | ~G. M. Henry: Lepidoptera, II. Moths. 439 15. Simplicia niphona, Butl. 2 specimens. Rotung. 27-xii-11. Caught at light. I specimen. Rotung. 22-xii-II. This species is recorded from Japan; N W. Himalayas; Sik- him. 16. Nodaria externalis, Guen. { specimen. Rotung. 2I-xil-I1. The Abor specimen is very pale in colouration. The species is recorded from S. Africa; Mauritius; Japan; Formosa; Borneo: throughout India, Burma and Ceylon. 17. Nodaria innocens, Butl. I specimen. Yambung. 14-112. Previously recorded from Japan: Dharmsala; Sikhim; Assam ; Nilgiris. 18. Hypena occata, Moore. I specimen. Rotung. 26-xilII. This species appears to vary considerably. The Abor speci men is pale compared with Ceylon specimens and some of the Dudgeon collection specimens. It closely resembles specimens in the latter from Bhutan. The previously recorded distribution of this species is Dharm- sala; Sikhim; Bhutan; Khasis; Nilgiris; Ceylon. 19. Heterolocha falconaria, WIk. 2 specimens, one unlabelled. Between Kaiek and Mishing. 4500 ft 17-iii-12. Caught at light. Previously recorded from the Punjab; N. W. Himalayas; Sikhim. 20. Luxiaria contigaria, WIk. I specimen. Sireng river, below Kalek. 2000 ft. I5-iii-Iz. Caught at light. Previously recorded from Dharmsala; Sikhim; Khasis; Maha- bleshwar; Nilgiris; Ceylon; Sumatra and Borneo. 21. Macaria emersaria, WIk. I specimen. Kobo. 6-xil-1I. Distributed throughout India, Ceylon and Burma. 22. Hyperythra lutea, Cram. I specimen. Sadiya. 28-xi-II. Distributed throughout India, Ceylon and Burma; China; Andamans; Sumatra; Java; New Guinea. 440 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VoL. VEE 23. Boarmia ochrifasciata, Moore. I specimen. Sireng river, below Kalek. 2000 ft. 15-ili-12. Caught at light. Previously recorded from Dalhousie; Dharmsala; Sikhim ; Khasis. 24. Eumelia rosalia, Cram. I specimen. Abor country (no precise locality given) undated. This is a widely distributed species recorded from China; Formosa; throughout India, Ceylon and Burma; the Malayan and Austro-malayan sub-regions. 25. Naxa textilis, WIk. I specimen. Between Kobo and Janakmukh. Undated. Recorded from Amur; N. W. Himalayas; Sikhim; Bhutan; Assam; Nilgiris; Ceylon; Burma; Borneo. 26. Cidaria catenaria, Moore. I specimen. Yambung. 13-1-12. Previously recorded from Sikhim and the Khasis. 27. Chloroclystis admixtaria, Wk. I specimen. Yambung. 13-1-12. Previously recorded from the Nilgiris and Ceylon. 28. Trichopteryx sikkima, Moore. I specimen. Rotung. 8-iii-12. Flying in sunshine. My identification of this species is not very satisfactory as the Abor specimen is a very poor one. T. stkkima has hitherto been recorded only from Sikhim. 29. Sauris abortivata, Guen (= lineosa, Moore). I specimen. Yambung. 13-1-12. Recorded from Sikhim; Khasis; Ceylon; Sumatra. 30. Ephestia cautella, WIk. I specimen. Kobo. 9-xii-II. Recorded from Aden; Bhutan; Ceylon; Sumbawa. 31. Piletocera egimiusalis, WIk. I specimen. VYambung. 14-i-12. At light. Recorded from Sikhim; Khasis; Margharita; Assam; Anda- mans; Borneo; Mysol. 1914. | ae M. Henry: Lepidoptera, II. Moths. 441 32. Sufetula sunidesalis, Wlk. I specimen. Yambung. 17-1-12. Recorded from Sikhim; Margharita; Assam; Ceylon; Mala- yan sub-region. | 33. Syngamia floridalis, Zell. 1 specimen. Abor country. Undated. This species is distributed through S. Africa; India; Ceylon ; Burma; the Malayan sub-region; New Hebrides; Duke of York Island; Tahiti. 34. Glyphodes unionalis, Hubn. I specimen. Sireng river below Kalek. 2000 ft. 15-iii-12. At light. Distributed through S. Europe; S. and W. Africa; Madagas- car; Mauritius; Aden; throughout India and Ceylon; Australia. 35. Platyptilia taprobanes, Feld. I specimen. Upper Rotung. 6-1-12. This species has hitherto been recorded from the Palni Hills; Khasi Hills; W. Java; Ceylon hills. 36. Atteva subaurata, Dout. I specimen taken in thick jungle. Rotung. I-1-12. 37. Atteva niveigutta, WIk. I specimen. Rotung. 9-ili-12. Nox LV.. HY MEN O POPE R AY SEOSsORES: DIPLOPTERA, CHRYSIDIDAE. By Lieut-Colonel C. G. NURSE. Witha few exceptions, the specimens obtained belong to species well known as occurring in Burma, Tenasserim, and N. E. India. Our knowledge of the smaller aculeate Hymenoptera still leaves much to be desired, and I have not attempted to describe, except in the case of an Ampulex which is undoubtedly unknown, new species from the very insufficient material available. Many of the genera occurring in India badly require revision, and it is quite likely that as more material becomes available, several of the forms now passed over as ‘‘sp. ine.’’ may prove to be new. FOSSORES. MOLT EIDAE. Mutilla blanda, Smith. One ? from E. bank of Dihong River, between Pasighat and Kobo, 15-xti-II. Mutilla cassiope, Smith. One ? from Dibrugarh, N. EK. Assam, 26-x1-I1. Mutilla sp. inc. One 9 trom Sadiya, N. E. Assam, 26-xi-1I. SCOLIELDAE. Tiphia intrudens, Smith. Ao from Dibrugarh, 17-19-xi-11. Scolia, sp. inc. A 2 from Kobo, 9-xii-II. ; There is no specimen exactly like this either in the B.M. or in my own collection. It is nearest to S. floridula (Bingh.) but i note that Bingham, in arranging the B. M. collection, placed his type of that species under sitkkimensts (Bingh.) though in his volume 1 of the ‘‘ Fauna of India” series, he gives his flortdula as a synonym of S. kirbyi, Magretti. The species of this genus ate very variable. 444 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor nbhle Elis iris, Lepel. Three o ~” and two 2 2 of this widely spread species, from various localities. Elis annulata, Fab. A specimen of each sex. This species iscommon and extends almost throughout the Oriental Region. CEROPALIDAE (POMPILIDAE). Macromeris honesta, Smith. One ? from Upper Rotung, 21-i-12. This species, which was described by Smith as a Pompilus, and is included by Bingham in the genus Pseudagenia, is un- doubtedly a Macromeris. Thespecimen is quite typical, and differs in no way from others in the B. M. and my own collection. The generic character must have been overlooked by Bingham, but is quite obvious, Pseudagenia tincta, Smith. A ¢ from Dibrugarh, 17-19-xi-Ir. Salius praestabilis, Bingh. One ? from Sadiya, 23-xi-II. Pompilus, spp. There are four specimens from different localities, belonging to probably three different species. ‘wo of them are in indifferent condition. I cannot identify with certainty either of the others, as this genus badly requires revision. The largest specimen from Kobo (3-xii-II) is very probably undescribed. SPHEGIDAE. Tachysphex, sp. inc. One ¢ from Kobo, 4ooft., 6-xii-11. Notogonia, sp. inc. One ? from Janakmukh, 60oft., 17-xii-11. Neither of the above are in sufficiently good condition for accurate determination. Liris aurata, Fab. Two? @; one Sadiya, 23-xi-11, and one Kobo, 4ooft., 9-xi1-II. There is an error in Bingham’s description of this species in Vol. I—Hymenoptera. Hesays ‘“‘median segment long, as long as the rest of the thorax and head united.’’ This should read 19I4.] | C. G. Nurse: Hymenoptera, V. 445 ‘as long as the rest of the thorax.” I have compared the speci- mens with those in the B. M. collection, and the determination 1s quite certain. It is an extremely widely spread species. Liris ducalis, Smith. Six 2 @, five of which are from Sadiya, various dates, and one from Rotung, 1400ft., 25-xli-II. Paraliris faceta, Bingh. A @ from Dibrugarh, 22-xi-II. Trypoxylon, sp. inc. One specimen from Rotung, 1400ft., 24-xii-TITI. Not in sufficiently good condition for certain determination. Ammophila atripes, Smith. One o from Sadiya, 27-xi-II. Sceliphron madraspatanam, Fab. A ? from Dibrugarh, I9-xi-rr. Sphex umbrosus, Christ. One @ of this very widely spread species from Dibrugarh. Ampulex aborensis, n. sp. @. Head with the frontal area sparsely and shallowly punctured, vertex and pronotum almost impunctate; mesonotum with a few large and sparse punctures; mesopleurae somewhat sparsely punctured; abdomen impunctate. Clypeus with a very conspicuous central longitudinal carina, which makes it appear almost rostrate when viewed sideways, this carina produced back- ward to the anterior ocellus; besides the central carina there are two other carinae, which, starting behind the anterior ocellus, lead towards the base of the antennae, becoming more pronounced as they near the !atter. Pronotum nearly half as long again as mesonotum, widening gradually towards it; median segment longer than the mesonotum, transversely striate above, and reticulate at the sides, the reticulations gradually disappearing towards the lower portion of the segment. First abdominal segment with the petiole less than half its length, the apex of the segment not much narrower than the 2nd segment. Brilliant metallic blue, with greenish reflections, the metallic colour continued to nearly the apex of the femora of all the legs, the tibiae also metallic above; below the tibiae and tarsi are rufescent; mandibles black. Pubescence sparse, greyish; there 446 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voy. VIII are a few strong yellowish hairs on the anterior margin of the clypeus and the tibiae and tarsi are covered with a rufous pile; tarsal claws unidentate. Wings fuscohyaline, with 3 cubital cells. (ee ro ain. Hab. Kobo, 400 ft., 3-xii-11. ‘‘ Flying on fallen tree trunk.” This is quite distinct from any described Indian species, most of which have red femora. Psenulus, sp. inc. Two specimens from Dibrugarh, which may be a variety of P. pulcherrimus, Bingh., but differ somewhat in the colour of the petiole. Stigmus niger, Motsch. One 2 from Kobo, 4ooft., 9-xii-I1. Crabro, sp. inc. One damaged specimen from Kobo, 3-xii-r1. Impossible to determine. DIPLOPTERA. EUMENIDAE. Eumenes arcuata, Fab. Oneo from Sadiya, 28-xi-11. Labus humbertianus, Sauss. One # from Kobo, 4ooft., 3-xii-I1. Rhynchium argentatum, Fab One from Sadiya. Odynerus fragilis, Smith. Two #from Dibrugarh, and 3 2? ¢ from Sadiya. Odynerus icaroides, Bingh. One 2 from Sadiya, 28-xi-IT. VESPIDAE. Polybia orientalis, Sauss. Sixteen specimens, all? @ , from Yembung and Kobo. Polybia indica, Sauss. Eight specimens from Upper Rotung; all @ or. 1914. | C. G. NurSE: Hymenoptera, V. 447 Icaria ornaticeps, Cam. One§ from Puging, 3000ft., and one from Sadiya. Icaria artifex, Sauss. One @ from Sadiya, and 3 2 ? from Sadiya and Dibrugarh. Icaria variegata, Smith. Twoo and several 2 9 from Rotung and Sadiya. Polistes hebraeus, Fab. One pair from Sadiya. Vespa magnifica, Smith. Two ? ? and two§% ¥from Rotung, Kobo, Sadiya, and Dibru- garh, Vespa ducalis, Smith. One¥from Rotung, and one from Dibrugarh. Vespa cincta, Fab. One ¢ from Kobo. Vespa dorylloides, Sauss. One ? from Upper Rotung. Vespa basalis, Smith. Four % § from Sadiya and Kobo. Vespa bicolor, Fab. Two¥ ¥and 3 2 2 from various localities. CHRYSIDIDAE. Chrysis durga, Bingh. One 2 from Sadiya, 23-xi-I1. #3 oe ey MEV. CRUSTACEA AWLP Err ODA. By WALTER M. TarreRsALL, D.Sc., Keeper of the Manchester Museum. (Plate xxviii). The Amphipoda collected by Mr. Stanley W. Kemp on the Abor expedition may all be referred to a single species, which, after much hesitation, I have described as new to science. They are of furcher interest inasmuch as they are the first semi-terrestrial Am- phipoda which have ever been collected in the Indian Empire, to my knowledge. The species shows very close affinity with those described by Weber from Java and other islands of the Dutch East Indies and in particular, with Orchestia parvispinosa from Java. I desire to express my thanks to Dr. Annandale and Mr. Kemp for the privilege of examining and describing these speci- mens. Talorchestia kempii, sp. nov. (Plate xxvili, figs. 1-16). Locality of capture : Reg. No. 598°, Dibrugarh, N. E. Assam, November 1911, under stone, one male, adult, 8 mm. Reg. No. 5135, Rotung, near Sireng stream, eleven females, six adult males and six immature males, 6°5-g mm. (coll. 17. de Courcy). Body smooth, without dorsal ridges of any kind; eyes of moderate size, pigment black, postero-lateral angle of the third segment of the pleon (fig. 1) quadrate, with a slightly produced point and the hind margin straight, without serrations. First antenna with the flagellum shorter than the peduncle, three jointed. Second antenna with the third joint of the peduncle longer than the second; flagellum about one fifth as long again as the peduncle and composed of about thirteen joints. First gnathopod of the female (figs. 2 and 3) simple, without any appreciable palm; propodus shorter than the carpus with three or four groups of two strong spines on the inner margin, and a row of about six or seven setae on the inner face just inside the margin. Second gnathopod of the female (figs. 4 and 5) with the usual shagreened lobes on the merus, carpus aud propodus, that on the latter extending considerably beyond the short oblique palm ; setae very few and short. 450 Records of the Indtan Museum. [Vor. Vi First gnathopod of the adult male (figs. 6 and 7) with the third joint not widening towards the distal end; merus with a well marked shagreened lobe on its hinder margin; carpusslightly longer than the propodus with a well marked produced shagreened lobe on the distal end of the hinder margin, and a few setae scattered on its inner face; the propodus widens distally to the usual rounded shagreened lobe which itself increases in width distally ; the finger not covering the whole apex of the propodus; the arrangement of setae on the limb can best be seen on the figures. In specimens which I take to be immature males, the first gnathopod has the form seen in fig.10. It is subchelate, but the propodus is much less dilated than in the adult so that the dacty- lus is at least as long as, or a little longer, than the distal margin of the propodus. The shagreened lobes on the merus, carpus and propodus are also less developed than in the adult. Second gnathopod of the adult male (figs. 8 and 9g) with about seven quite small setae on the margin of the side plate; third joint widening somewhat distally; propodus broadly oval, about one and a half times as long as broad, anterior margin convex, without setae, posterior margin convex with the palm slightly oblique, not excavate, not defined by a tooth, fringed with about nine small setae and furnished with a groove or excavation into which the distal end of the finger fits; finger more than half as long as the posterior margin of the propodus, strongly curved and tapering at the end. The second gnathopods of the immature male (fig. 11) do not differ markedly from those of the adult female. Fifth pervaeopods (fig. 12) with the second joint slightly broader than long, its anterior margin bearing six or seven spinules in eddition to one long and one short spinule on the distal corner, its posterior margin well rounded and bearing about eight minute serrations, a small seta being placed in each serration; fifth joint longer than broad; fourth and fifth joints not expanded or in- crassated in any way; the arrangement and number of setae on the limb are shown on the figure. First uropods (fig. 13) with the peduncle longer than the sub- equal rami and bearing two rows of four spines one row on each ridge of the posterior margin; inner ramus with three lateral spines and one long, one medium and two short spines at the apex; outer ramus with two or three spines at the apex only. Second uropods (fig. 14) with the peduncle longer than the rami and bearing four strong spines on its inner edge; inner ramus with two spines on the margin and two large and three small spines at the apex; outer ramus with two lateral spines and two large and one small spine at the apex. Third uropods (fig. 15) with the peduncle somewhat swollen and slightly longer than the single-jointed ramus; peduncle with one large and one small spine at the centre of the lateral margin and one small spine at the outer distal corner; ramus with one large and two or three small spines at the apex. I9I4.] W. M. TATTERSALL: Crustacea Amphifoda. 451 Telson (fig. 16) triangular in shape, about as broad as long, slightly notched at the apex, a long and a short spine at the tip of each lobe of the apex, a single rather strong spine somewhat distal to the centre of each lateral margin. Length of an adult male and female, 9 mm. The determination of the generic position of this species has been a matter of some difficulty. The fourth joint of the palp of the maxilliped is distinctly present, but exceedingly small and cannot be called anything more than a vestige. The value of the presence or absence of this joint in the classification of the genera of the Talitridae has never been satisfactorily set forth. Stebbing (1906) separates the genus Parorchestia from the Orchestia group of genera on the ground that the fourth joint of the palp of the maxilliped is ‘‘ distinct though very small, conical and having a spine on the truncate apex.’ In Orchestia the same joint is described as an ‘“‘obscure rudiment.’’ Unfortunately there does not seem to be any published figure of the maxilliped palp of Parorchestia and, having no material of this genus at my disposal, I have not been able to form any opinion as to the amount of difference implied in the above two descriptions. I have, therefore, decided that in the present species the fourth joint of the maxilliped palp is ‘an obscure rudiment” and referred it to the Orchestia group of genera. In this group, consisting of Talitrus , Orchestoidea, Orchestia and Talorchestia, it seems to belong to the last genus by the combination of the characters of the first and second gnathopods in the two sexes, namely, first gnathopod simple in the female, subchelate in the male, the second gnathopod feebly chelate in the female, strongly subchelate in the male. But, among described species, T. kempii comes nearest to Orches- tia parvispinosa which seems to me to be certainly congeneric with the present form. This species was placed by its describer, Weber (1892), in the genus Orchestia and both Stebbing (1906) and Chilton (1912), who examined specimens from the type locality, have retained it in this genus. But the figures of the first gnathopod of the female given by both Weber and Chilton, illustrate, in my opinion, a limb whieh can only be described as simple and, there- fore, of a form which would exclude the species from the genus Orchestia. I propose, therefore, to transfer the species O. parvis- pinosa, Weber, to the genus Talorchestia and to include the present species in the same genus. The problem is, however, still further complicated by the form of the first and second gnathopods in the specimens which I have called immature males (figs. ro and 11). I do not know what other interpretation can be placed on these specimens though it is unfortunate that the sex of immature specimens of the Talitridae is exceedingly difficult to determine, for want of an external label in the form of copulatory organs. We know from the researches of Barrois (1887) that the males of some species, at any rate, of this group of Amphipoda, do not attain the full deve- lopment of their gnathopoda till the final moults, up till which 452 Records of the Indtan Museum. [Vou. VIII, stage they resemble more or less closely, those of the female. I, therefore, regard the present specimens as males which have not yet undergone complete metamorphosis. It will be seen from the figures that the first gnathopods of these immature specimens differ from those of the females in being subchelate instead of simple, but they have not yet attained the full subchelate form of the adult male, in that the nail more than covers the palm whereas in adult males, the nail is shorter than the palm. The shagreened lobes on the merus, carpus and propodus, moreover, are not so completely developed. The second gnathopods, on the other hand, resemble those of female specimens almost completely. The interest of these specimens lies in the fact that their gnathopods have the form characteristic of females of the genus Orchestia. In other words, if my interpretation of their nature is the correct one, we have here a species of Talorchestva in which the male passes through a female Orchestia stage during metamorphosis. I do not think it is a question of two species living together. All the specimens were collected together, in the same place, at the same time and agree closely in all details except in the form of the gnathopods. It does seem to me to indicate how very slender are the grounds on which certain genera of Talitridae have been instituted, and how very important it is to have a complete range of specimens before attempting to increase the number of genera, If only the immature and mature males of IT. kempii had been col- lected, the species would have been referred to the genus Orchestia. On the other hand, if only females and mature males had been found, the species would, with equal justice, have been referred to Talorchestia. May not the validity of these two genera be justly questioned in the light of the present material and may not one go further and inquire how many species of either genera have been instituted on specimens of the nature of those I have inter- preted as immature males ? For the rest, 7. kempit is very closely related to T. parvis- pinosa and only differs in the rather different form of the pro- podus of the second gnathopod of the male and in the armature of the telson. We are indebted to Chilton (1912) for a description of the telson of T. parvispinosa and his figure depicts three long spines on each margin in addition to the apical spines. In T. kempit there is but one spine on each lateral margin, and this character is constant in all the specimens in the collection. It may be useful to indicate the position of these two species in Stebbing’s key to the genus. They come at the end of the table which may therefore be extended as follows :— Gnathopod 2 in the male, palm excavate near finger-hinge .. 18. 7. novaehollandiae. | Gnathopod 2 in the male, palm not ex- cavate near finger-hinge 19. ‘Gnathopod t in the male, nail longer ee the apex of the 6th joint 19. 7. martenstt. Gnathopod 1 in the male, nail shorter than the apex of the 6th joint vie 20: 1914. ] W. M. Tarrersatt: Crustacea Amphtipoda., 453 margins 20. T. parvtspinosa. Deleon with a single spine on : the lateral Telson with three spines on the lateral ¢ margins x fy eae ame CUEP tts LITERATURE CITED. Barrois, T., 1887.—‘‘ Note sur quelques points de la Morphologie ‘des Orchesties suivie d’une liste succinte des Amphi- podes du Boulonnais.” Lille. 1887. Chilton, C., 1912.—‘‘ Note on Orchestia parvispinosa M. Weber, a terrestrial Amphipod from Java.” Notes from Leyden Museum, Vol. XXXIV, Note xxviit. Stebbing T. R. R., 1906.—Das Tierreich, Lief. 21, Amphipoda I. Gammaridea. Weber, M., 1892.—Zool. Ergeb. Reise Niederland. Ost-Indien, Bd. kr, -p. 562. * ~ mite Se EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIII. Talorchestia kempwi, sp. nov. . I.—Epimeral plate of the third segment of the pleon, X68. 2.—Gnathopod 1 of the female, X 2T. at a Posts », , terminal joints, x 68. A.— a le a ates s OO TE: — ps Bene aa ,, , terminal joints, x 68. 6.— < 1 ie de male, X21. eas e eran oe ,, » terminal joints, x68. 8.— be Zeta suas Paes, Ge = * Re ee 3). Lerminal jomts Ges 10.— 5 I ,, of immature male, 68. Tie 2 oe " ,, » terminal joints, x68. 12.—Fifth peraeopod of the female, X 21. 13.—First uropod, X 21. 14.—Second uropod, X 21. 15.—Third uropod, X68. 16.—Telson, X68. Rec Ind.Mus., Vol.Vill ,1914: (Abor Exp.) Plate XXVIII. 14. FALORCHE STIA KEMPIH, sp. nov. ae SMM VI. LAND SLANARAAWNS. By Ricwarp H. WuitenHouse, M.Sc., Professor of Biology, Agra College, late of Queen’s University of Belfast. (Plates xxix; =xx:) Although this part is dated December, 1914, and was com- pletely printed off in that month, unexpected delay in the receipt of some of the plates from Europe prevented its publication until January 11th, 1915. (Plate xxix, figs. I—3.) Nine specimens of this species are included in the collections. It appears to be the commonest Bipalium in the Abor and surrounding country, it having been procured along the whole of the valley of the Dihang River. The animals were found attached to a variety of objects including stones, logs and leaf- stems of plantain, and in districts varying from 600 ft. to 2000 it. in altitude. In shape the animals conform to the typical Bipalium outline with broadly spread semicircular recurrent head-lobes, which in some cases curve so far inwards as to meet the sides of the neck (see fig. 3). The trunk, rather stoutly built, tapers gradually to a pointed extremity. The smallest specimen measured 53 mm. in length and 4 mm. in breadth, while the largest was 92 mm. and 7 mm. in length and breadth respectively; they present a pee ERY ibe =i =" gio, gah Bayh iy a MOG VI LAND PLANAR PAS - By Ricwarp H. Wuirenouse, M.Sc., Professor of Biology, Agra College, late of Queen’s University of Belfast. (Plates xxix, xxx.) INTRODUCTION. The collection of land planarians to be described will prob- ably rank as one of the most interesting of Mr. Kemp’s many collections from the Abor Country. I particularly wish to express my indebtedness to Mr. Kemp for the privilege of working at these planarians; the task has been made much easier by his excellent series of sketches and notes on colour made from the living animals. These notes have been incorporated in the descriptions, the reliability of which has thereby been greatly increased. The present accounts are the result of external examination only, but it is hoped that at least some of the species will be subjected to full anatomical investigation as soon as possible. I wish to express my gratitude to the Belfast Natural His- tory and Philosophical Society for assistance which enabled me to examine the land planarians in the British Museum collec- tion; my best thanks are also tendered to Mr. H. A. Baylis for providing me with opportunities and accommodation for the examination of the Museum material. Bipalium dihangense, n. sp. (Plate xxix, figs. I—3.) Nine specimens of this species are included in the collections. It appears to be the commonest Bipalium in the Abor and surrounding country, it having been procured along the whole of the valley of the Dihang River. The animals were found attached to a variety of objects including stones, logs and leaf- stems of plantain, and in districts varying from 600 ft. to 2000 ft. in altitude. In shape the animals conform to the typical Bipalium outline with broadly spread semicircular recurrent head-lobes, which in some cases curve so far inwards as to meet the sides of the neck (see fig. 3). The trunk, rather stoutly built, tapers gradually to a pointed extremity. The smallest specimen measured 53 mm. in length and 4 mm. in breadth, while the largest was 92 mm. and 7 mm. in length and breadth respectively; they present a 450 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vols Vi; comparatively stout build measuring from 3 mm. to 4 mm. in thickness, a measurement which includes the raised ambulacral surface of the ventral side. It is not easy toassign any definite position in the body for the mouth and genital aperture, but there is very little error in stat- ing that, in the larger animals, the mouth is about half-way along the ventral surface; in the smaller specimens, the mouth is considerably further back, approximately two-thirds from the anterior end. The genital aperture is not very far removed from the mouth and its position is best described as being 7 mm. to fo mm. behind it. Asa rule both apertures were clearly visible, though in two cases the most careful examination failed to reveal more than one aperture. The ground colour of the dorsal surface in the living animal is described by Mr. Kemp as a ‘ dull reddish brown’; the pre- served animal presents more of a yellowish brown, frequently, however, with a reddish tint at the sides of the body. Occasion- ally a distinct bluish shade is to be observed; closer scrutiny shows that it is the deeper tissues that are a very dark greenish blue, and this colour can be seen through the brown; where the outer tissue has been removed by injury, the clear greenish blue is well shown. Thus in one or two cases a variety of colour is shown by an indiscriminate distribution of light blue, dark blue, green and various shades of brown. Along the mid-dorsal line runs a thin dark line from the head to the caudal extremity, which usually widens very slightly above the regions of the mouth and genital aperture. In some specimens there is just a suspicion of a lateral darker band at the edge, much broader than the median line, and only to be seen in certain parts; this, not being constant, must be regarded as a variation. A little distance inwards from the posterior edge of the lobes of the head is a dark line not usually so prominent as the median line (see fig. 1). The ventral colouration in the living animal is described by Mr. Kemp as brownish pink with a pale ambulacral surface, the head being somewhat dusky. In the preserved animal, the general surface is a light creamy brown or light biscuit colour ; at the edges, the reddish (in some cases greenish) tint of the dorsal surface encroaches in the form of a seam. The head is always a little darker than the rest of the ventral surface. From the neck to the extreme posterior, in the mid-ventral line, is the whitish ambulacral surface, forming a prominently raised ridge, rather less than one-third the width of the body; in the region of the pharynx and genital organs it is somewhat wider ; anteriorly, it is flat, and the shading gives, as in B. giganteum, a remarkable arrow-head appearance (see fig. 6). Hyes surround the entire fringe of the head and lobes, and are continued round to the sides of the neck where they form a black patch; they are extremely numerous, and at the sides of the neck are much more closely approximated than on the head. I9QI4.] ~R. H. WuitEnouse: Land Planarians. 457 Bipalium giganteum, n. sp. (Plate xxix, figs. 4—6.) Eleven specimens of this species were obtained from three difterent localities, viz., the Rotung district, Kobo, and Dibrugarh in Assam; it thus appears that it has a fairly wide distribution. In many particulars, it bears a close resemblance to B. dihangense, and was occasionally found side by side with that species. The animals are large, the smallest measuring 103 mm. in length and 7 mm. in breadth, while the largest attained the length of 217 mm. and a breadth of 15mm.; these measurements are those of spirit-preserved animals, and thus the living creatures must be capable of extending to a considerably greater length. The colour of the dorsal surface resembles that of B. dihan- gense and is an even dull brown; in the majority of cases, however, the brown is considerably altered by the presence of an underlying dark bluish colour; in fact the appearance is strongly suspicious of a dark slaty blue colouration covered by a secreted brown mucus. Ventrally, the colour is markedly different from B. dthan. gense; it is an unmistakable blue grey, and lighter in shade than the blue of the underlying tissues of the dorsal surface. The under surface of the head is generally a little paler than the trunk. The ambulacral surface is much paler than the rest of the ventral surface, and forms a very prominent ridge to the extreme posterior; the anterior end of the ambulacral surface, which is flat, by reason of the shades of colour, presents very markedly the form of an arrow head (see fig. 6); true, the same thing is shown in other species, but is not nearly so pronounced as in this one. In the majority of cases, the mouth is situated near the middle of the body, but its position is variable and it may lie nearly two-thirds from the anterior end. In many specimens, the pharynx was protruded through the mouth as a creamy frill, and in some instances had also been forced through the body wall on the dorsal surface; this suggests that the pharynx is of enormous size. The genital aperture is usually about one-third the distance between the mouth and the posterior end of the body, though this distance may be increased to one-half. Note on Bipalium smithi (v. Graff). With regard to Bipalium gigantewm, it appeared from v. Graff’s description of Bipalium smithi, reported from Darjiling, that the two might be identical; but a careful examination of the type specimen in the British Museum disposed of this likelihood. It may not be out of place to add a brief account of this species which refers to the complete specimen in the British 458 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voy. VIII, Museum of Natural History, South Kensington. Its measure- ments are: length 54 mm., breadth 8 mm., breadth of the head 7 mm., breadth of the neck 4 mm., breadth of ambulacral surface 3 mm. The colour dorsally is a velvety bluish black with just a touch of dull brown; the brown is more emphasized anteriorly until on the head the colour is a dirty yellowish brown with touches of rust colour. Ventrally, from the edge, the dorsal colouration passes gradually into a rusty brown, which is then sharply defined from the ambulacral surface; the flat ambulacral surface is made up of two colours (1) a narrow median deep cream, bordered on each side by (2) a light green band. The dorsal surface is much flatter than the ventral, but I would scarcely say that the edges were sharp. The ambulacral surface is not raised above the general surface, and its extreme anterior end has a pale arrow-head form of light biscuit-brown colour. The under surface of the head is a dark rusty brown. The position of the mouth and genital aperture were not to be made out with certainty. Bipalium delicatum, n. sp. (Plate xxix, figs. 7 and 8.) Two specimens from Rotung, at an altitude of 1300 ft., have been included under this name, the form and colour pattern of which are similar; the general colour, however, is markedly different, one being light brown and the other a very dark brown. Both specimens were found under stones. The light coloured specimen attains a length of 55 mm.,a breadth of 5 mm. and a thickness of 3 mm. The head, which appears a little damaged, is semicircular in form and is not a great deal wider than the trunk. The mouth is placed 30 mm. from the anterior end, and the genital aperture Ig mm. behind the mouth. The ground colouration of the dorsal surface is light brown with a median band of a much paler colour extending nearly the whole length of the animal, and not well defined at the edges; this median stripe expands somewhat on the head and loses itself gradually in the general colour of the head (see fig. 7). The ventral surface is pale and about the same shade as the dorsal median band. The dark specimen measures 39 mm. long and 4 mm. broad ; the mouth is situated 15 mm. and the genital aperture 35 mm. from the anterior end. Except for two apparently bleached patches, the whole of the ventral surface is of the same colour as the dorsal. The eyes are distributed indiscriminately round the head, and are continued for a very considerable distance along the sides of the body, approaching half the animal’s length. At the sides of the neck they form a well-marked patch. ‘The paler specimen appears to have been dead some time before being preserved, and consequently, except at the neck, the eyes have been removed along with the rather disintegrated outer tissues. IQgI4.] ~R. H. WurrenousE: Land Planarians. 459 Bipalium rotungense, n. sp (Plate xxix, figs. 9 and Io.) One individual only of this species was secured, together with the specimens of Bipalium delicatum. It measures 55 mm. in length, 7 mm. in breadth, and 3 mm., including the raised ambu- lacral surface, in thickness. The head is a little broader than the body, and is followed by a neck 4 mm. wide. The ambulacral surface is I°5 mm. wide; the mouth is placed 32 mm. and the genital aperture 42 mm. from the anterior end. The animal is thrown into deep wrinkles over the whole of its surface, indicat- ing that it is capable of extending considerably longer than its present length. The colour of the dorsal surface, in spirit, is a bluish grey with touches of brownhere andthere. Mediallyis a pair of narrow dark lines separated only by a narrow pale central band. Anteri- orly, both these lines and the middle band gradually merge into the general colour of the head. On the extreme edge of the dorsal surface is a rather indefinite darker line, contrasting sharply with the paler ventral surface, but indefinitely marked off on its inner dorsal side. The eyes appear to be confined to the anterior margin of the head, to which they form a dark seam (see fig. 10). The ventral surface is paler than the dorsal and of a medium grey colour, except on the head, where the shade is darker. The median ambulacral surface is almost white; in the region of the mouth and the genital aperture it is a little broader than elsewhere. Bipalium sordidum, n. sp. (Plate xxx, figs. II—14.) This planarian, of which one specimen only was found under a stone on the bank of the Yembung River, agrees in many features with v. Graff’s B. robiginosum, but the head colouration differs in at least one important feature. The specimen is 28 mm. long; the greatest breadth, a little beyond the middle of the trunk, is 4.5 mm.; at the neck it is only 2 mm. broad and the head measures 3 mm. across; in thickness the body attains 3mm. The mouth and genital aperture are respec- tively 14 mm. and 2r mm. from the anterior end. The dorsai surface is flat, and the colour in the living animal is described by Mr. Kemp as ‘‘ very deep umber brown with profuse black mottling, leaving an irregular very pale median band ’’ (see fig. 11). This very narrow pale band extends from the base of the head to the extreme posterior; its boundary is very irregular and its continuity is occasionally interrupted ; above the mouth and genital aperture it widens very slightly. The mottling is much denser near the middle line than at the sides, and it is in this latter position that the reddish brown is shown most clearly; the base of the head is the darkest part of 460 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vers Vibe the animal, and here it is practically black. In all these features of pattern this species agrees with Bb. robiginosum (v. Graff); one difference, however, is that in the latter species, there are two prominent patches of clear reddish brown on the head, one on each side, inclined towards the middle line; such patches are not found in B. sordidum. Further, B. rvobiginosum is described as having a greenish or yellowish tone in the brown, though the colour seems variable; and the median line is described as stop- ping short of the extreme posterior. The eyes are numerous and extend all round the head to the sides of the neck, where they are somewhat more ventral than doisal. The head itself is not so broad as the body, whereas in B. vobiginosum it is a little wider; preservation may have effected some contraction, but Mr. Kemp remarks that the head is not broadly expanded. Ventrally, on either side of the ambulacral surface, the colour, in the living animal, is pale umber with very minute black specks; in the preserved animal it is a dirty brown colour. The ambulacral surface is much paler and in the preserved creature is a dirty white except in the middle line, which has a shade of brown (see fig. 14); this median portion is the only part of the ambulacral surface that is raised; at the mouth and genital aperture, it broadens out a little (see fig. 14). The under surface of the head is darker than the rest of the ventral surface. Mr. Kemp notes that this planarian is much more sluggish in its habits than other allied species. Placocephalus superbus, n. sp. (Plate xxx, figs. 15—20a.) All the eleven specimens of this species were found in the Rotung district. In length they range from 52 mm. to 18 mm. ; the difference in length is due to the state of contraction, the 52 mm. specimen measuring only 2 mm. in breadth, while a 24 mm. specimen measured 4 mm. across. The dorsal surface is flat and the ventral strongly convex; the ambulacral surface is not perceptibly raised above the general surface. The greater part of the trunk is of similar width, though the body tapers for some little distance from the posterior end to a rather pointed extremity. The head is much depressed dorso-ventrally, has no promi- nent lappets, and is only marked off from the trunk by a slight constriction. The eyes are not very numerous but extend along the free edge of the head and on the sides of the neck; in some cases they are continued for a short distance along the sides of the trunk; The dorsal colouration of this beautiful planarian consists of the following elements: an inner pair of black lines, closely approximated, with a narrow median pale buff stripe between; on their outer edges, these thin black lines fade gradually into a pale 19f4.] —R. H. WuHiTenouse: Land Planarians. 461 umber stripe, which in turn merges into a broader band of dark chestnut colour; outside this, and sharply defined at both edges, is a broad black stripe; beyond this, and at the extreme edge of the body, most specimens show a very narrow pale buff stripe, which, however, may be regarded as an encroachment of the ventral colouration. In general, the posterior end of the body is darker than the rest, the paler bands being much suppressed ; the relative breadths of the colours between the broad and narrow black lines also vary frequently ; occasionally, too, the inner pale umber is absent and its place taken by the dark chestnut colour which pales on reaching the outer black band. In the region of the neck all the bands merge into a dusky area, but the head itself has a distinctive colouration, consisting of two semicircular bands, well defined from one another, a black border piece and an inner pale buff band (see fig. 17). Ventrally, the ambulacral surface, scarcely raised above the general level, is very pale yellow—almost white—its width being about a quarter that of the body. On either side the colour may be described asa warm straw shade, slightly paler anteriorly. The mouth is situated at about the middle of the under surface, though occasionally it is a little beyond the middie. The genital aperture is three or four millimetres behind the mouth. Appendix I. It has been thought advisabie to include a separate description of one specimen (ZEV2?7") on the ground of a striking difference in the form and colour pattern of the anterior extremity, as well as minor differences in colour. Future investigation of the internal anatomy of this specimen will finally decide its position, but in the meantime it is probably better to include it here. The specimen is 52 mm. long with an almost uniform breadth of 24 mm.; its thickness measures only I mm. against the 3 mm. ot the 24 mm. specimens; and the mouth and genital aperture are respectively 21 mm. and 36 mm. from the anterior end. The patterns of the dorsal surface of the trunk are almost identical with the other specimens so far as the longitudinal black lines are‘concerned, except that the inner black stripes are propor- tionately a very little thicker. The real colour difference in the trunk is that between the inner and outer black lines is a pale lemon shade, chestnut-brown being entirely absent. Such com- paratively insignificant a variation is not sufficient justification for separate treatment, but there is a striking difference in the form and colour of the anterior end. Here the specimen conforms to the Geoplanid type; no head-lobes are present and there ts no sign of a neck; the eyes are placed laterally and are sparsely distributed (see figs. 18 and 19). In colour there is a complete absence of the broad black seam round the anterior end, and nothing but a general dusky tone indicates the clearly defined head of the other specimens (see fig. 18). It is possible that the 462 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vibe extremely attenuated form of the body has resulted in the obli- teration of the head lobe, which is never very prominent: such a striking correspondence of general colour pattern suggests that the difference in form of the head may thus be accounted for. Should the animal prove to belong to the Geoplanidae, the almost identical trunk colouration could only be accounted for by regard- ing it as an excellent case of mimicry. The ventral surface colouration agrees with the other specimens. Appendix Il. Special attention should be drawn to one specimen (No. ZEV*5}4, fig. 20a) which shows a distinct variety in dorsal head colouration. The dorsal colours are well defined, consisting of a pale buff median stripe, flanked on either side by a thin well- defined black line, which, on reaching the head, expands into two broad patches. On the outer side of each of these median black lines is a definite chestnut brown band, followed by the rather broad pale buff stripe before reaching the broad lateral black band; the body is edged by a repetition of the pale buff marking. As in the normal specimens, the head is fringed all round with a black seam. The head markings remind one of Bipalium diana with its black edge to the head lobe, and the cephalic expansions of the median pair of biack lines ; this latter feature is also reminiscent of Bipalium ceres. But neither of these species has the same general colours ort the lateral black bands in the trunk. The general colour of the animal closely resembles that of some varieties of Bipalium proserpina, but this latter species has no black edge to the head lobe. The animal under consideration might, of course, be regarded as a variety of B. proserpina in which the black edge to the head is a new feature, and the broad paired central black bands (see v. Graff’s Monograph) have differentiated into a thin median pair of black, and an adjacent brown, band. For the present, however, I think it is advisable to include it as a variety of Placocephalus superbus. Pelmatoplana aurantia, n. sp. (Plate xxx, figs. 2I—26.) Only a single specimen of this species was found, and was taken from under stones at Rotung. It measures 50 mm. in length, 4 mm. across, at its widest part, the region of the genital pore, and 3 mm. in thickness. The mouth is situated 18 mm. and the genital aperture 29 mm. from the anterior end. The body. is sub-cylindrical for the first third of its length, beyond which it gradually becomes more depressed, tapering slowly from the geni- tal region to a pointed extremity. A number of eyes are present and extend round the sides and front of the uptilted head ; they are more numerous at the sides 1914. | -R. H. Wuitenouse: Land Planarians, 463 than at the front where they practically form only a single row. The extreme anterior, in this specimen, is slightly insunken, a feature which is due to contraction (see figs. 22—24). The living animal has, dorsally, a ground colour of orange yellow (brownish yellow in spirit), with a well-defined thin median black line, and a black line, a little distance removed from the edge, on either side, a little broader, and rather less defined, particularly on its inner border (see fig. 25). At the extreme pos- terior all three merge, forming an almost black extremity (see fig. 26). Between the black lines the tone is somewhat dusky compared with the outer edge which is bright orange yellow. This bright zone is carried to the ventral side with very little difference in shade except at the flat ambulacral surface itself which is much paler, and measures a millimetre or less in width. On the dorsal side of the head the longitudinal markings merge into a dark grey pigmentation (see fig. 22) The genital aperture is very prominent, but the mouth is much less so. In many features, this species resembles P. sondaica (Loman), but its colour, greater breadth and flat ambulacral surface differ irom the latter species. Cotyloplana pilleata, n. sp. (Plate xxx, figs. 27—3L.) About thirty specimens of this planarian are included in the collection, all from the Yembung and Rotung districts. The largest specimen measures I05 mm. in length, even in a con- tracted condition, and the smallest is 50 mm. long; most specimens area little more than 70 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. broad and 3mm. in thickness. Judging from the amount of wrinkling shown, it would appear that some of these planarians are capable of an extension to quite 130 mm., and probably much more. The dorsal surface is rather flat, while the ventral surface may be strongly convex, though in one collection made in Upper Rotung the ventral surface in all the specimens is nearly as flat as the dorsal. The anterior end is raised at a considerable angle (see fig. 29) and bears, on its upper side, the two eyes, and on the ventral side, practically at the extreme anterior, a single sucker (see figs. 28 and 30). Mr. Kemp remarks that in the living animal the head appears slightly swollen, but this is scarcely noticeable in the preserved specimens. While the colour-pattern remains constant, the shades of colour vary very considerably. There is a mid-dorsal d ep black line running from the extreme anterior (in some few cases starting short of this) to the posterior extremity, widening quite perceptibly above the pharyngeal and genital regions. On either side of this line is a narrow strip of bright lemon yellow, which is not always well defined from a broad lateral brown band, 464 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vot. VIII, 1914.] which completes the dorsal colouration. Occasionally the yellow is absent and the brown meets the black centre line; in other cases, a paler brown takes the place of the yellow. The brown band is liable to much variation in shade; it may be little more than a dusky yellow on the one hand, or a dirty brown on the other, between which are all intermediate shades of bright orange brown and chestnut brown. ‘The upper surface of the head is a dusky grey, with rather lighter patches round the eyes; the general impression is that of a cap on the head. The median line merges gradually into this area. The dorsal lateral colouration is carried round the sides of the body to the ventral surface, though often paler, as far as the ambulacral surface, which is a pale yellow (whitish in spirit); the creeping surface is about a quarter the breadth of the body, but wider at the mouth and genital pore; and in some cases forms a raised ridge, while in others it is quite flat or even depressed. The mouth is placed at iess than half way along the ventral surface from the anterior end, and the genital pore at positions varying from midway between the mouth and posterior extremity to two-thirds the same distance. ets: Bean if , Beas ioe ; By Bay v Sebi a Pai hee! ee tet oa 4 FIG. Fic. FIG. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIX. Bipalium dihangense, n. sp. l=—Dorsal aspect, nacutalasize war peeves: 2.—Ventral aspect, natural size. m., mouth; g. 0., geni- tal opening. 3. —Enlarged view of the head of another specimen showing the strongly recurrent head lobes. Bipalium giganteum, n. sp. 4.—Dorsal aspect, natural size. 5.—Ventral aspect, natural size. g. 0., genital opening; m., mouth. 6.—Enlarged view of the ventral surface of the head, show- ing the arrow-head form of the anterior end of the ambulacral surface. Bipalium delicatum, n. sp. 7.—Drawing made from the light coloured specimen. Natu- ral size. 8.—Enlarged view of the dorsal surface of the anterior end of the dark specimen, showing the distribution of the eyes, which, however, extend nearly half the animal’s length. Bipalium rotungense, n. sp. 9.—The entire animal, natural size. a. s., ambulacral surface ; g. 0., genital opening ; m., mouth. 10.—Enlarged dorsal view of the head, showing the distribu- tion of the eyes. Bipalium sordidum, nu. sp. 11.—Dorsal aspect, enlarged twice natural size. The posi- tions of the mouth and genital opening are indicated by a slightly expanded area in the median pale line. 12.—Enlarged dorsal view of the head, showing the distribu- of the eyes. ¢., eyes. 13.—Enlarged ventral view of the head, showing the eyes in the region of the neck. ¢., eyes 14.—Enlarged view of the ventral surface in the region of the genital opening. Plate .xDe Rec. Ind. Mus, Vol VIIl.1914 (Abor Exp) Cambridge University Press. R Whitehouse, del. ABOR LAND PLANARIANS. Fic. +? Bic: EXPLANATION OF PLATE XOX: Placocephalus superbus, n. sp. 15.—Dorsal aspect, natural size. 16.—Ventral aspect. g.o., genital opening ; m., mouth. 17.—Enlarged dorsal view of the head. Placocephalus superbus. (See appendices, pp. 461 and 462.) . 18.--Enlarged dorsal view of the head of specimen No. ZHV 5229)(seep. 461). 19.—Enlarged lateral view of anterior end. 20.—Enlarged view of ventral side of the anterior end. 20a.—Enlarged dorsal view of head of specimen No. ZEV 2327 (see p. 462). Pelmaioplana aurantia, n. sp. . 21.—The entire animal, natural size. g. 0., genital opening ; m., mouth. 22.—Enlarged dorsal view of the head. e., eyes. 23.—Enlarged ventral view of the head. 24.—Enlarged lateral view of the head. e., eyes. 25.— Enlarged view showing markings on the mid-dorsal sur- face. 26.—Enlarged view of the extreme posterior end of the body. Cotyloplana pilleata, n. sp. 27.—Dorsal view, natural size. The positions of the mouth and genital opening are shown by the expansions of the mid-dorsal line. 28.—Enlarged ventral view of the head, showing the sucker. 29.—Sketch to show the raised anterior end. 30.—Enlarged antero-lateral view of anterior end showing the sucker. 31.—Ventral surface in the region of the genital opening. Plate XXX. Rec. Ind. Mus,, Vol-VII,1914 (Abor Exp) (GEE EEESA GLENS eee Ss =p 2) Eee SZ e Si er ore iieas ne ee ee SES SERS REESE RI 27. Cambridge University Press R.Whitehouse, del. ABOR LAND PLANARIANS. Mx VEIL. TERRES T READ AS Oren s. Bye WALTER -E COLLINGE,, MiScs hui See BS (Plates xxxi-xxXxiii.) The small collection of Terrestrial Isopoda collected by the Abor Expedition in the foot-hills of the Eastern Himalayas and by Mr. F. H. Gravely in Tenasserim have been placed in my hands for identification and description. Unfortunately the number of individual specimens is with one exception small and most of them are imperfect, so that their identification has not always been easy. The Philoscia spp. I and 2 arein all probability new. I have previously seen an imperfect specimen of No. 1 from Saharanpur, U. P. Budde-I,und in 1894 (Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, S. 2, vol. xiv, p. 612) described a species, Philoscia coeca, without figures, from the Farm Caves, Moulmein. The fragmentary con- dition of all the examples is, however, such that I do not feel justi- fied in describing them from this material. The cosmopolitan species Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt) occurs in four of the localities collected in. An interesting addition to cave fauna is the new genus Burmoniscus. Most of the specimens of Cubaris are immature, one from Sadyia, N. E. Assam, No. 8083/10, and another from the Dawna Hills, No. 8073/10, are undoubtedly new and these are here described and figured. Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt). This species has previously been recorded by Stebbing ! from Kurseong, 5,000 feet, E. Himalayas, 15-vii-o7. In the present collection the localities are as follows :— Rotung Abor Country, 1,300 feet. Under stones. 25-xil-rr. No. 8080/10. Two specimens. Kobo, 400 feet. In rotten wood. 30-xi-08. No. 8081/10. Two specimens. Kobo, 400 feet. In rotten wood. 30-xi-08. No. 8086/ro. One imperfect specimen Sadyia, N. E. Assam. Under logs. 25-xi-11. No. 8083/10. Two specimens. Philoscia, sp. I. An interesting form, but unfortunately all the specimens are imperfect. Specimens were obtained from the following locali- ties :— 1 Rec. Ind. Mus., 1911, p. 189. 466 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor VIET, Sadyia, N. E. Assam. Under logs. 25-xi-11. No. 8083/r0. Two specimens. Sadyia, N. E. Assam. 28-xi-rr. No. 8087/10. Seven im- perfect specimens. Kobo, Abor Country, 400 feet. In rotten wood. 30-xi-08. No. 8086/10. Three imperfect specimens. Near Parong, 3,300 feet. 27-i12. No. 8088/ro. Philoscia, sp. 2. One imperfect specimen from Sadyia, N. E. Assam. 28-xi-IT. No. 8087/r0. Burmoniscus, n. gen. Burmoniscus moulmeinus, n. sp. (Pi xxx figs, 2-62) Body (fig. 1) oblong oval, dorsal face strongly convex, per- fectly smooth and shining. Cephalon small, flanked laterally by the lateral plates of the Ist segment of the mesosome. Eyes absent. Antennulae (?). Antennae (fig. 2) slender and elongated with 3-jointed flagellum. Mandibles (fig. 3) small, beneath the teeth is a single palp terminating in setose bristles. 1st maxillae (fig. 4): outer lobe terminates in eight spines, the four innermost of which are bifurcated; the inner lobe terminates in a number of fine spines. 2nd maxillae (fig. 5) thin and flexible, on the outer side it is produced into a tooth-like plate and a smaller tooth on the inner side, between which is a palp terminating in setose bristles. The segments of the mesosome are strongly convex, the lateral plates of 1—4 overlap one another slightly, whilst those of 5-—7 are produced backwardly, especially the 7th. Maxil- lipedes (fig. 6) poorly developed. Thoracic appendages (fig. 7) elongated, with simple and plumose spines on the protopodite. Metasome narrow, lateral plates small and slightly incurved. Uro- poda (fig. 8): basal plate flattened, extending beyond the telson, exopodite long and pointed, endopodite similar in shape, but smaller. Telson triangular, with peculiar lateral bosses. Colour deep brown. Length 9 mm. Habitat.—Farm caves near Moulmein, in depths of large cave. No. 8079/10. (F. H. Gravely). ) Type.—In the collection of the Indian Museum Unlike any other cave-inhabiting species I know of, this species has a very distinct colour. Packard! in his account of the cave fauna of North America states, ‘‘As regards change of colour, we do not call an exception to the general law, that all cave-animals are either colourless or nearly white, or, as in the case of Arachnida and insects, much paler than their out-of-door relatives.” | Packard, Nat. Acad. Sci., 1887, vol. 4, pp. 3-156, pp. I-Xxvil. 1914. | ~W.E. Cornmince: Terrestrial Isopoda. 467 In the form of the uropoda, Burmoniscus somewhat approaches that present in Brackenridgia cavernarum, Ulrich', from Ezell’s Cave and Beaver Cave, near San Marcos, Texas. [This species, which is the one referred to in the recent paper on the cave-fauna® of Burma and Malaya by Dr. Annandale and myself, was found among wood that appeared to have been washed by a flood into one of the deepest recesses of the large Farm Cave. —F. H.G.| Cubaris caeruleus, n. sp. (Pl. xxxii, figs. I-10.) Body (fig. 1) oblong oval, dorsal face convex, slightly rugose, first segment almost twice the length of any other. Cephalon small (figs. 2 and 3), lateral lobes not well-developed, median lobe fainty indicated, epistoma with triangular-shaped depression im- mediately below median lobe. Eyes prominent. Antennulae longer than usual and 3-jointed. Antennae (fig. 4) slender, with the last peduncular segment long, 2-jointed flagellum, the distal joint being the longer. Mandibles (fig. 5) small, variable in three examples examined. Ist maxillae (fig. 6): the outer lobe termin- ates in four stout, curved spines and six more slender and almost straight ones, with numerous setae distally on the outer side, inner lobe terminally rounded, thin and with two setose spines. 2nd maxillae (fig. 7) terminating in an outer, blade-like lobe and an inner one with a dense mass of fine setae. The segments of the mesosome are fairly convex and well separated from one another laterally, with the posterior angles of the lateral plates somewhat pointed. Maxillipedes (fig. 8) well-developed, the outer lobe terminates in a large curved spine with a series of minute spinous processes, there are two small spines at the base of this on the inner side and a large one more internally, the inner lobe has a slightly flattened surface with three small marginal spines. Thoracic appendages (fig. 9) comparatively short, setaceous and fringed on the inner side with numerous strong spines, the distal extremity terminating in a prominent incurved claw. Uropoda (fig. 10): basal plate stout and not extending beyond telson; exopodite articulating in a groove on the dorsal side, endopodite large and triangular in section, fringed with numerous setae and terminating distally as three hair-like setae. It articulates on the inner side of the extreme inner dorsal border. Telson (fig. 1) compressed laterally, strongly convex, posterior margin rounded. Length 12°2 mm. Colour (in alcohol) deep blue with irregular whitish patches. Habitat.—Thingannyinaung to Sukli, Dawna Hills, goo- 2,100 ft., Tenasserim, 23-27-xi-11. No. 8078/10. (Ff. H. Gravely.) Type.—lIn the collection of the Indian Museum. 1 Ulrich, Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc., 1902, vol. 23, pp. 90-93, figs. 1-9. 2 Journ. As. Soc. Bengal (N.S.), IX, pt. 10, 1913. 468 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, [In life this species is slate-grey with bright lemon-yellow markings. It is common on exposed banks and on the leaves of bushes, where its colours render it a conspicuous and _ striking object.—F. H. G.] Cubaris robusta, n. sp. (Pl Xxxiligehesiao:) Body (fig. 1) oblong oval, convex, with lateral margins of the segments slightly revolute, mesosomatic segments marked mid- dorsally with a broken white line and laterally with raised longitu- dinal tubercles. Cephalon (figs. 2 and 3) small with deep epistoma and small triangular lateral lobes, median lobe absent; the dorsal surface exhibits a slight median depression whilst posteriorly it is slightly raised. Eyes (figs. 2 and 3) prominent, sub-dorsal. An- tennulae 3-jointed. Antennae (fig. 4) short, setaceous, flagellum 2-jointed, the distal joint two-and-a-half times longer than the proximal one. Mandibles variable. rst maxillae (fig. 5): the outer lobe terminates in four stout, incurved spines and five more slender ones; numerous long hair-like setae on the outer margin. 2nd maxillae (fig. 6) small, terminating in a thin blade-like outer lobe with numerous setae, inner lobe tooth-like with dense mass of long setae. The segments of the mesosome are convex, the Ist strongly so; lateral plates of anterior segments well separated and slightly revolute. Maxillipedes (fig. 7): outer palp terminates in a strong spinous process with a multispinous termination, there are two smaller spines on the inner border and a fourth basally; the inner palp has a single spine and a small tooth-like process on the inner border. Thoracic appendages (fig. 8) elongated, with nu- merous strong spines mostly on the inner border. Uropoda (fig. 9) somewhat robust, with triangular basal plate not extending be- yond the telson; exopodite small and articulating in a groove on the inner dorsal margin, endopodite a little larger, articulating with the under side of the extreme inner border, and not extend- ing beyond the basal plate. Telson strongly convex, contracted laterally, posterior margin almost straight. Length 8&5 mm. Colour (in alcohol) horny brown. Habitat.—Sadyia, N.E. Assam. Under logs. 25-xi-11. No. 8083/10. (S. W. Kemp.) Type.—In the collection of the Indian Museum. This interesting species finds its nearest ally in Cubaris fragilis, Clige.,1 a species I have recently described from the Andamans. It differs, however, from that species in the much stouter and stronger build of the first mesosomatic segment, the lateral plates of which, ventrally, are much thickened, dorsally the mid- dorsal portion of the segment anteriorly has a raised triangular area. In the form of the telson and uropoda there are also im- portant differences and the antennae are rather shorter. The 1 Rec. Ind. Mus., 1914, vol. x, p. 209, pl. xxv. 1914. ] —W. E. Connince: Terrestrial Isopoda. 469 mouth parts were found to be exceedingly variable, thus four different variations were noted in the mandibles and in one specimen the outer lobe of the ist maxilla had four stout spines and nine more slender ones, instead of five. EXPLANATION 8. 2.—Antenna. 3.—Mandible. 4.—First maxilla, inner and outer lobes. 5.—sSecond maxilla. 6.—Maxillipede. 7.—Second thoracic appendage. 8.—Telson and uropoda. Ind. Mus., Vol. VII, 1914 (Abor Exp. ) Plate XXX. A.Chowdhary, lith. BURMONISCUS MOULMEINUS, gen. et sp.nov. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII. Cubaris caeruleus, n. sp. . I —Dorsal view. X 5. 2.— Dorsal view of the cephalon. 3.—Anterior view of the cephalon. 4. Antenna. 5.—Mandible. 5a. Outer side. 6 —First maxilla, inner and outer lobes. 7.—Second maxilla. 8.—Maxillipede. g.—Second thoracic appendage. 10.—Right uropod. Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. VIII, 1914 (Abor Exp.) Plate XXXII. A. Chowdhary, lith. CUBARIS CAERULEUS,n. sp. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIII. Cubaris robusta, n. sp. 7 ——Doteal view. | >! .1914.] S. Kemp: Onychophora. 479 ganglion. It extends backwards through the ganglionic substance of the brain, but decreases rapidly in diameter; at its actual point of attachment with the white matter it is exceedingly slender (pli xsecy11p.+2); The antennary nerve appears to be considerably stouter than usual. Possibly, as some compensation for its blindness, the an- tennae are more sensitive in Typhloperipatus than in other forms. The curious scale-bearing patch on the lower surface may well be tactile in function. The brain differs rather noticeably in shape from those of the species figured by Balfour and Bouvier. Fig. 1, plate xxxv repre- sents a dorsal view of the entire brain in its grosser detail, reconstructed from serial sections, the white matter being indi- cated as a solid mass lying within the ganglionic substance, which is shown in partial transparency. Salivary glands. These glands are well-developed in Typhloperipatus, but vary considerably in length in the specimens in which I have ex- amined them. They may extend only to the twelfth pair of legs or may reach to a point between the fifteenth and sixteenth pairs. In sections they are sometimes, but by no means always, found lying in a cavity which may have considerable dimensions. In one instance a cavity is found surrounding the posterior end of the gland; but, as far as I am able to detect, there is no communi- cation between it and the gland: there is no such cavity on the other side of the body. Evans writes of ‘‘coelomic end-sacs of enormous size” in Eoperipatus which form a most conspicuous feature in transverse sections. I presume that the asymmetrical cavity found in the Abor specimens must be homologous with these “ coelomic end- sacs’”’, but it is evident that the resemblance between the two genera is by no means close in this respect, unless the spaces should prove in both cases to be artificial.. Bouvier does not seem to regard the presence of these sacs in Eopferipfatus as a feature of any importance, since he has omitted all reference to them in his memoir. Renal glands. A typical renal gland from the ninth leg-bearing segment is shown in pl. xxxv, figs. 5 and 6. It consists of the customary five parts, namely the ectodermal duct, the bladder, the coiled tube, the funnel and the coelomic end-sac. There is, of course, no renal gland at the base of the legs opposite the genital opening and that of the last leg-bearing segment is but little developed in the female and, apparently, wholly absent inthe male. In the male, too, the renal glands of the two pregenital segments are poorly developed, the bladder being much reduced in size and the coiled tube practically non-existent (pl. xxxv, figs. 7-10), The gland of the third pregenital segment is, however, well formed. 480 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. Villy Crural glands. A single crural gland is found in the male at the base of each of the two pregenital pairs of appendages. Each gland is tubular in form, often much convoluted, and placed in close juxtaposition with the renal organs of the same segment. The glands at the base of the seventeenth legs are much longer than those of the preceding segment; as will be seen from pi. xxxv, figs. 8-10, they may show considerable differences in length. Their external open- ings are situated a little behind those of the renal organs. Male Reproductive Organs (pl. xxxvi). The testes have the form of slender tubes which arise from the dorsal aspect of the seminai vesicles and extend forwards as far as the interspace between the ninth and tenth pairs of legs. They run together throughout the greater part of their length and, in the specimen figured (pl. xxxvi, fig. 1), the distal ends turn downwards towards the ventral surface, the actual apices being directed backwards. The seminal vesicles are large sacs, sometimes 4 mm. in length; they are placed one behind the other, overlapping slightly at their point of contact, and occupy almost the whole of the body cavity between the tenth and thirteenth pairs of legs. The vasa deferentia arise from the inferior surface of each seminal vesicle and extend backwards as a closely convoluted mass of tubes as far as the seventeenth pair of leg:. At this point, in the specimen figured, the left vas deferens, that sup- plied by the anterior vesicle, passes beneath both nerve-cords before running forwards to join its fellow; in a second specimen one vas deferens passes under the right nerve-cord only. The two vasa deferentia, running forwards, lie close together and become enveloped in a common sheath!, their lumina not joining until they reach the level of the eighth or ninth legs. The common duct is of very great length, as long as the entire animal; it passes forwards from the junction of the two vasa deferentia and in one specimen reaches the fifth, in another the interspace between the seventh and eighth legs before turning backwards. The common duct has a single loop in its downward course and runs throughout the posterior part of its length on the left side of the animal. At its termination, however, between the eighteenth or penultimate pair of legs, it passes, in both specimens examined, to the right of the two nerve-cords The testes are in an active state of spermatogenesis. The lamen, which is not sharply defined, contains quantities of sperm- mother-cells, mostly in the spireme phase. Only quite close to the seminal vesicle is any trace ot the subsequent development found, the formation of the spermatozoa taking place for the most part within the vesicle. I have been unable to deteet a muscular layer in the wall of the testis near its junction with the seminal | They are separated in the figure. I9T4. | = S. Kemp: Onychophora. 481 vesicle. The vesicles themselves are full of spermatozoa in various stages of development and among them considerable numbers of sperm-mother-cells are to be found. The structure of the vas deferens is, in one respect, peculiar. At the point where it leaves the seminal vesicle it has thick walls, the small and sharply-defined lumen being surrounded by long columnar cells with nuclei at their bases (pl. xxxvi, fig. A). It continues backwards in this character for a short distance and then rapidly changes to a thin-walled tube with a vastly larger lumen surrounded by flattened cells (pl xxxvi, fig. B). Further backwards still it returns to its original form and again becomes a thick-walled duct, while finally, before reaching the posterior limit of its length, it reverts once more to a thin-walled condition, wholly similar in structure to that found further forwards, and in this condition passes upwards and eventually joins its fellow from the other vesicle. That two types of structure are to be found in the vas defer- ens is well known and sections through the thin- and thick-walled portions of the Abor species bear a close resemblance to figures given by Gaffron and Evans. But that the duct should revert to its previous condition after once having changed to the thin- walled type has not, f£ believe, been noticed previously in any species of Peripatus, and it is extremely difficult to suggest any reasons for such a modification. The thick-walled portions of the duct are distinguished by oblique hatching in the central figure on plate xxxvi. In prepar- ing this figure I was obliged to have recourse to reconstruction from serial sections, a task which, owing to the great length of the system (2500 sections were made) proved somewhat tedious: the vasa deferentia form such an intricately convoluted mass that it was found impossible to unravel them in dissection. When the curious change in the character of the ducts was first noticed, it was natural to conclude that some error had been made in tracing their course; but a repetition of the process led to the same result and precisely similar phenomena were ob- served in tracing the vas deferens on the other side of the animal. It may also be pointed out that, in sections passing through the interspaces between the fifteenth and sixteenth pairs of legs, the walls of all coils of both ducts seen in cross-section are of the thin type, whereas the thick type is to be found both in front of and behind this region. This, in itself, is sufficient to prove that the thick-walled part of each -duct at the posterior end of the animal must be separated by a thin-walled interval from the portion of the duct of similar structure that opens from the seminal vesicle. The common duct, at its point of origin, is composed of an inner layer of cells of considerable depth provided with numerous nuclei and an outer muscular layer of no great thickness (pl. xxxvi, fig. C). The inner layer, which is doubtless glandular in function and is concerned with the formation of the spermatophore, in- creases gradually in thickness until the anterior limit of the loop of 482 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor Vail; the common duct is reached at the level of the fifth pair of legs and is at this point very densely nucleated (fig. D). On the down- ward course of the duct the inner layer gradually becomes thinner, the muscular coat at the same time thickening, and after looping across from the right to the left-hand side of the animal between the tenth and eleventh pair of legs the muscular envelope is very greatly developed, and from this point onwards the duct is doubtless used for expelling the spermatophores. The lumen of this ductus ejaculatorius has at first the form of a four-rayed star (fig. E), further down it changes and becomes slit-shaped, while for some distance in front of the genital aperture its outline is conspicuously lobose (fig. F). In the material which I have exaniined I have not been able to find any spermatophores completely developed, but their for- mation in the spermatic duct is sufficiently far advanced to enable the more characteristic features to be recognized. In every male I have examined the mass found in the lumen of the common duct is continuous, i.e. is not divided into sepa- rate spermatophores. In the case of the male figured on plate xxxvi the coating of the mass is very distinctly thickened at four points and it is clear that three separate spermatophores are in process of development. The appearance of the contents of the duct is diagrammatically indicated in fig. 2 in optical! section. The mass is at several points attached to the wall of the duct by mucus. The spermatophore would appear to be about 2 mm. in length when fully formed. Posteriorly is a large thin-walled sac in which the bulk of the sperm products are situated. The contents consist of spermatozoa, apparently embedded in a structureless matrix together with a few large pale yellowish granules. In transverse sections such granules may often be observed, along with the cut heads and tails of spermatozoa arranged in a haphazard fashion and not radiating from a central core as in Foperipatus (pl. xxxvi, see IBNY In the younger spermatophores the wall of the main sac is at several points longitudinally pleated in a somewhat irregular man- ner! and this is also the case with the most fu'ly developed sper- matophore, which, however, possesses in addition a thin and smooth horny coat (fig. H). At the distal end of the main sac the diameter of the sper- matophore is slightly lessened and the wall thickened, the lumen being in consequence considerably reduced; further forward a small expansion with a thinner wall is to be found. Beyond this again the wall is very thickly chitinized and the lumen gradually disappears, giving place to a long conical cap formed entirely of chitin (fig. J). At the anterior end of the spermatophore at least four coats are to be found. 1 This appearance is not, I believe, due to shrinkage in preservation. 1914.] S. Kemp: Onychophora. 483 Transverse sections through the anterior ends of the two less fully developed spermatophores at the point where the walls are thickening preparatory to the formation of the cap present the very characteristic appearance shown in fig. G. In the case of the most fully developed spermatophore only the faintest indications of this structure can be made out, the star-shaped central portion having been obliterated in the further thickening which has taken place. It seems that the spermatophore of Typhlopertpatus differs from that of Koper: fatus in possessing a chitinous coating through- out its length and in the fact that the spermatozoa are not ar- ranged radially round a central core. The coat is evidently a great deal thinner than that of Pertpatus, as typified by ‘‘ P. edwardsit”’ and studied by Gaffroun', and the three to five swell- ings or chambers described by that author—separate receptacles in which masses of spermatozca are accommodated—do not ap- pear to have their counterpart in the Abor genus. The spherical globules found by Gaffron on the surface of the spermatophore do not seem to exist in T7yphloperipatus. But the most noteworthy feature of the male reproductive system of Tvphlopertpatus is the extremely great length of the unpaired duct. Evans in his account of Eoperitpatus lays stress on this character and makes use of it 1n maintaining the close affinity of the Malayan genus with the neotropical Peripaius, a conclusion also accepted by Bouvier. In Typhlopertpatus the com- mon duct is about as long as the entire animal, much longer than in Eoperipatus and, in its proportional development, at least equalling that of any neotropical species. The male accessory glands (pl. xxxvi, fig. I, m.a@.g.). open by separate openings placed side by side close behind the last pair of legs. They consist of simple tubes, which, however, are much convoluted. They run directly upwards from the openings and lie for the most part near the dorsal aspect of the animal, termin- ating blindly when they have reached the middle of the interspace between the sixteenth and seventeenth pairs,of legs. In structure the glands agree with those of previously described forms; near the aperture the lumen is lined for a short distance with a thin investment of chitin. In the possession of separate openings to the male accessory glands Typhloperipatus resembles Pert patus (American species only), the Australasian species (Pertpatotdes and Oopertfatus) and the S. African Peripatopsis cinctipes® (Purcell) and differs from Eofert- patus and all other species. ! Gaffron, Zool. Beitrage (Schneider), I, pp. 152-157, pl. xxi, figs. 62-76 (1885). According to Bouvier, Ann. Sci. nat. Zool. (9), II, p. 292 (1905), the specimens used by Gaffron for his study of the genital organs should properly be referred to Peripatus sedgwicki, Bouvier. 2 According to the views expressed by Sedgwick (Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sci., LII, p. 379, 1908) this species belongs to the group ‘' Capo-peripatus "’ or to 484 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VIII, Female reproductive organs (pl. xxxvii). It is extremely difficult to dissect out the female reproduc- tive organs in a satisfactory manner, for the uteri, laden with the large heavily-yolked eggs and embryos are coiled within the body- cavity in such fashion that they caunot be separated in their entirety from one another or from the intestine folds of which completely fill all space superfluous to their development. The coats of the embryos and eggs, though they rupture at the slight- est touch during dissection, are very impervious and I have con- sequently found it impossible to obtain satisfactory serial sections of the entire animal in this part of the body. The ovary of Eoperipatus is described by Evans as being at- tached to the floor of the pericardium ‘‘ not by a single ligament, but by an extensive surface, thus differing from all the genera as yettdescribed ss2- It spreads itself out over the rectum and uteri like a saddle and pushes itself into any space that may be unoccu- pied. both between as well as outside the uteri.’”’ The ovary in Typhloperipatus is similar (pl. xxxvii, figs. 1, 2).. It lies closely pressed against the pericardium in the latitude of the sixteenth and seventeenth pairs of legs, its shape being determined entirely by the space available between the adjacent coils of the uteri and intestine. But though lying close against the pericardial floor, it does not appear to be attached immovably to it. I have found it easy to raise it from the surface and the fact that at the posterior end a well-marked funiculus is found, fused to the pericardial floor at the level of the eighteenth legs suggests that the ovary itself is in reality unattached. Evans did not find any structure resembling a funiculus in the specimens he examined, but Bouvier’s account and figure of the ovary of E. weldont' seems to show that the method of attachment in the Malaysian genus is sometimes precisely similar to that of Typhloperipatus: Bouvier found that the ovary was closely pressed against the pericardial floor, but was separable from it, and that it was attached posteriorly bv a large funiculus. The ovary varies from about 1°5 to 2°5 mm. in length: on external examination the follicles in which the maturing ova lie are conspicuous. Anteriorly it narrows and leads into a long ovi- duct which is unpaired for a distance equal to more than half the length of the ovary. It divides, in the specimen figured, before reaching the level o/ the fifteenth legs and one branch soon after- wards bears a small receptaculum ovorum on its inner side and a large receptaculum seminis on its outer side, the latter, though it is in reality fed by two ducts, appearing practically sessile (pl. xxxvii, figs. 1, 3, 4).° Similar structures are visible inethe the genus Peripatops?s of Bouvier’s terminology. Bouvier himself regards it as the type of a separate genus Opisthopatus, in which he also includes O. blarnville:, a Chilian species in which the openings of the male accessory glands have not been described. Sedgwick places this form in a separate group ‘‘ Chilioperipatus.”’ ! Bouvier, Ann. Sci. nat. Zool. (g), Il, p. 365, text-fig. 34, p. 32 (1905). IQI4. | be S. Kemp: Onychophora. 485 other branch, the receptacula ovorum and seminis being situated, however, (in all the specimens examined) somewhat further for- wards; in the individual figured they lie between the legs of the fourteenth pair. From this point onwards the uteri may be twist- ed together or more or less straight and soon exhibit large swellings through the thin walls of which developing embryos are visible. In the specimen figured (fig. r) the coils of the uteri reach to the eleventh legs before turning backwards; in other ex- amples they extend further, as far as the ninth or tenth pairs. The uteri are in all cases almost filled with developing embryos and are so closely coiled together that I have found it impossible to dissect them out in a satisfactory manner. At the posterior end of the body the uterus of each side passes round the nerve cord!; the two join together in an extremely short vagina and open on the ventral surface between the penultimate legs. Transverse sections show that the ovary bears a close resem- lance to that of Fopertpatus, The walls are very deeply folded and bear follicles containing ova in various stages of development as in the species described by Evans. ‘The right and left ovaries are completely fused and enclose a single large cavity. The walls of the oviduct are, in structure, closely similar to those of the ovary; they do not seem to possess a muscular layer either in the unpaired portion or when they first separate. The walls are thickened, with a consequent reduction in the size of the lumen, shortly before the receptaculum ovorum is reached and in this region a narrow muscular layer is visible Beyond this point the ducts may more properly be termed uteri; the muscular layer becomes thicker and the cells of the inmost layer are very deep and apparently take on a glandular function. The receptacula ovorum, except for the fact that they are situated at a considerable distance from the ovary, resemble those of Loperitpatus. They have the form of small pouches in the wall of the oviduct and are found a little behind the receptacula semi- nis. ‘They are, indeed, so inconspicuous that I was at first inclined to regard them as accidental, due to some injury or malformation of the specimen. The fact that they occur in all the specimens examined proves, however, that this is not the case, As in Eopertpatus there is great doubt if they ever perform the function implied by their name; no eggs have been found in them and their development, compared with that found in the neotropical species, is insignificant. The receptacula seminis are of normal structure and are com- pletely filled with spermatozoa The two ducts, which each pos- sesses, are applied to the wall of the vesicle and open close together into the oviduct. The female reproductive organs are, on the whole, closely comparable to those of Eoperipatus; in the complete fusion of the 1 [n all specimens examined. 486 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. VIII, ovaries they agree with this genus and differ from all other known forms of Onychophora. The most remarkable feature of the system is the extremely great length of the unpaired portion of the oviduct. It is clear that the fusion between the right and left portions of the system, well seen in Hopertpatus, is still further developed in Typhlopeni- patus and this fact points to the conclusion, also indicated by other characters, that the Abor genus has reached a higher degree of specialization than its Malaysian 1elative. Development. Uterine ova in which no traces of the blastopore have yet appeared are completely filled with yellowish yolk and are from t'5 to 1°6 mm. in length and about I mm. in breadth; they are consequently larger than those found in any genus with the ex- ception of the Australasian Pertpatordes. The ova and embryos in any one female show a certain range of variation in age; but it seems that the whole cycle of develop- ment is not to be found in the uteri of any one individual. In one female the uteri are filled with ova in which no trace of struc- ture is apparent. In another similar ova are to be found along with others in which some of the primitive segments are differen- tiated, the biastopore being either open or completely closed'. In other specimens only comparatively well developed embryos, bent double with the anterior and posterior ends in contact, are to be seen and but little ditference in age is to be found between the embryo tearest the receptaculum seminis and that nearest the genital opening. I imagine that the subsequent stages will only be found in material collected at a later period of the year than that in which my material was obtained; I have not found any embryos which exhibit ring-like markings, nor any in which the feet are at all well developed. It is clear that for purposes of classification on the lines adop- ted by Sedgwick it may safely be asserted that the uterine em- bryos of Typhloperipatus are nearly of the same age, in contra- distinction to the condition found in Peripatus, Eopertpati.s, Meso- peripatus, Paraperipatus and in some species of Peripatofdes in which almost the entire cycle of development may be found in the uterus of a single female. The distinction is perhaps not a very important one, for it appears probable that it is, in a large measure, due to climatic conditions. It seems likely that in the Abor country, with seasons well-defined both as regards temperature and humidity, young are produced at one period of the year only, probably in the wet season. In such a country as the Malay Archipelago, on the other hand, the climate is far more equable and the conditions are con- 1 It was an examination of these specimens that led me, in my preliminary diagnosis (Rec. Ind. Mus., IX, p. 242, 1913), to make the erroneous statement that the embryos are of all ages. 1914 | : S. Kemp: Onychophora. 487 sequently favourable for the production of young throughout the year. . Evans has noted that in the case of Koperipatus it is difficult to imagine how the receptacula seminis obtain fresh supplies of spermatozoa, seeing that the uteri are completely filled with developing embryos and that young are apparently produced throughout the year He concludes that in EHoperipatus fertiliza- tion can only take place once during life; but it is not altogether clear that such an assumption is necessary. When the stock of spermatozoa in the receptacula is either exhausted or, through age, has become powerless, the production of embryos must perforce cease, giving opportunity in due course for the admission of a fresh supply. Naturally, the same difficulty does not arise in the case of Typhloperipatus, in which fertilization can be effected annually at the close of each breeding season. The development of the external form in the embryo does not, so far as I have been able to determine from an examination of a limited number of stages’, offer any very striking peculiarities. In the manner of formation of the primitive somites there appears to be a considerable resemblance to Peripatoides nove- zealandiae*®. The germ-bands develop in a curved line on either side; they are widely separated from one another and between them a ventral protrusion of the yolk-mass is visible (pl. xxxvii, figs. 5, 6). I have not found any embryo at all similar to the second stage in the development of Eoper:patus weldoni figured by Evans (Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sci., pl. V, fig. 2, 1902). A number of females were found to contain embryos in a comparatively advanced stage, with annulate antennae and all, or nearly all, the limbs differentiated. Two of these are figured in pl. xxxvii, figs. 7-9, illustrating the two different ways in which the embryo may be folded. AFFINITIES Following the method adopted by Sedgwick in his concise account of the distribution and classification of the Onycho- phora (Quart. fourn. Microsc. Sci.. LIT, ps 379, -1r908):-the principal characters of the genus Typhloper7patus may be thus summarized :— 1. Number of legs, nineteen or twenty, variable in the same species. 2. Inner jaw with a diastema and saw of denticles. 3. Legs with four complete spinous pads. 4. Nephridial openings of the fourth and fifth legs situated on the third pad. ‘ In my material the embryos which are well preserved (fixed in hot cor- rosive) represent only comparatively late stages. The early stages are not in very good condition and, being exceedingly brittle, it was extremely difficult to remove them from the uteri in an entire state. I am thus not able to figure as many stages as I wished. 2 Sheldon Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sci., XXVIII, XXIX, 1888-9. 488 Records of the Indian Museum. [ Vor. Vals 5. Feet with two distal papillae, one anterior, one posterior. 6. Genital opening between the legs of the penultimate pair. ; 7. Receptacula seminis present, with two ducts opening into the oviducts. 8. Receptacula ovorum present g. Oviducts united fo: some distance in front of ovary. ga. Ovaries completely fused, with a single cavity. They lie closely pressed against but not directly attached to the floor of the pericardium, to which, however, they are connected posteriorly by means of a funiculus. 10. The ovary is exogenous, i.e. it is studded with follicles in which the maturing ova lie. it, The ova are large and heavily charged with food-yotk ; they measure about I 5 mm. in their longest diameter. 12. Embryo without a trophic vesicle. 13. Uterine embryos of about the same age. r4 Unpaired part of vas deferens of very great length. I5 Spermatophores long, with horny coat and cap. 16. Skin-pigment brown, disappearing in course of time in alcohol. 17. Legs with well-developed coxal glands. 18. A single crural gland in the male in each of the two pre-genital pairs of legs. 19. The accessory glands of the male open separately on the ‘ventral surface between the genital opening and the anus. To these it must be added that there is no external trace of eyes and that there is a patch of highly modified scales, probably sensory in function, on the lower surface of each antenna. The absence of eyes and the curious modifications in the antennae are doubtless to be regarded as evidence of specialization. They are not shared by any other genus of Onychophora and have consequently been omitted in the table below! which is in- tended to give a general idea of the manner in which the various genera are related. ! In this table | have employed the division of species, based on geographical distribution, advocated by Sedgwick (oc. ctt.), following Bouvier’s monograph in the matter of nomenclature so far as it is consistent with Sedgwick’s scheme. I follow Sedgwick in placing Opisthopatus cinctipes, Purcell, in the S. African group, the name Chiliopertpatus being available for the species which Bouvier refers to as Opisthopatus blainvillet. Sedgwick has already pointed out that Oopertpatus, Dendy, here merged with Pertpatoides, is, according to Bouvier's own showing, a polyphyletic genus. Since Sedgwick’s paper appeared a species of Peripatus, P. ceramensis, has been recorded from Ceram (Muir and Kershaw, Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sci., LIII, p. 737, 1909). This form is unquestionably to be reterred to Paraferipatus and two additional species, also belonging to the same genus, have been described from New Guinea (Sedgwick, Nature, L.X XIII, p- 369, 1910, and Horst, Notes Leyden Mus., XXXII, p- 217, 1910). 1914. | we S. Kempe: Onychophora. 489 5 es | a ee: ‘ = é a | 2 | 5 | 38 Se: s | “ rs Sou SG Ww ao GS i 4 co) RS oO . Sc wey NU Typhloperipatus. Sy <0 ihe eect |e ness SS | 28 a|&@ils Foot-hills of N.-E. Himalayas.| $-5 | 33 | os 34 RES 2 £2 = "= | (Oye 22 . 2S & iS) ce | Say ee ie SSL SE Sees lie Sie |oe c aa | So ao ee leet} Secs Se Soe on se x SNES ela eS He | ea | se} ae Zz aa | OO | Number of legs 19 or 20 pairs |23—25|23—43|23—27|14— 16] 2129 |16—25 19— Number of legs variable | ct == Se ate + + Inner jaw witha diastema and | | saw of denticles.. + + + — — SN Legs with 4 complete spinous | | pads delet Onl > 3). |yh arenes Nephridial openings of 4th and | | 5th legs on 3rd pad — + Se fee Se ches + + Feet with two distal papillae, one anterior, one posterior .. Genital opening between pen- | ultimate legs see Receptacula seminis iso: with two ducts ... Receptacula ovorum present ... | Oviducts united in front | aie ae ae + ovary == i Ze + ae =p Ww oP) 1 | + ete | | + ++ + | + + + + Ovaries completely pasedaith | a single cavity Ovary Se eecned to ‘pericardial | floor ae Ovary exogenous Ova large Embryo without trophic vesicle Uterine embryos of nearly the same age So = Unpaired part of vas deferens of great length.. Spermatophore large, with horny cap or Skin- -pigment brown, evanes- cent in alcohol Legs with well-developed coxal | ‘glands al Crural glands of male in two. pre- -genital pairs of legs only | Accessory glands of male | opening ventrally between genital opening and anus ... | + Accessory g glands of male open- | ing separately ay ei a | | | | | | I+ ++4+ +1 + + + + + + + + ° + + + + 4 foes oe eee | | + | aye | + a + — + It is clear that the affinities of Typhlopertpatus are primarily with its nearest geographical neighbour, Eoperipatus, with which, except for the unique characters mentioned above, it agrees in all important structural details but four, viz.—(i) the position of the renal openings of the fourth and fifth legs which, as in most genera ! It is not known if two ducts are present. 2 According to Bouvier a tendency towards the formation of a trophic vesicle is found in certain species. 490 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL Veh of Onychophora, are situated on the third pad, (ii) the presence of a horny coat, as well as a cap, on the spermatophore, (iii) the separation of the openings of the male accessory glands, and (iv) the similarity in age between the embryos found in a single female. It may also be noted that in Typhloperitpatus the oviducts are united for a long distance in front of the ovary and that in the male there is only a single crural gland in each of the two pre- genital pairs of limbs in place of the two found in Eoferipatus. In the number and position of the leg papillae and in the complete fusion of the ovaries, the Abor genus agrees with EKoperipatus and differs from all other known forms. It can scarcely be doubted that Typhloperitpatus is an offshoot from the original Malaysian stock and that it is, on the whole, much more highly specialized than its allies in the Malay Archipelago and in Sumatra. In other respects the affinities of Typhloperipatus seem to lie with the neotropical forms (Pertfatus) and with those found in Australia and New Zealand (Pertpatoides). Evans lays stress on the points of resemblance between the Malaysian species and Peripatus, separating these two genera, along with Mesoper:patus, in a distinct subfamily. Bouvier goes still further and places them in a separate family, while Sedgwick holds the view that it is premature and inconvenient even to establish separate genera. In Typhlopertfatus the affinity with the neotropical species is even more pronounced than in the case of Eoperipatus, for it possesses several characters in common with Perifatus which are not shared by the Malaysian forms ‘Thus. the unpaired portion of the vas deferens is of much greater length than in Eopertpatus, being fully as long as in any neotropical species; the spermato- phore is provided with a horny coat and the male accessory glands have separate openings. It also agrees with Eoper:patus in all the characters which that genus shares with the neotropical forms. It seems probable, therefore, that the structure of the Abor genus will be adduced as further evidence that the views advanced by Evans and Bouvier are correct, though it is, I think, reason- able to hold that the belief in the close genetic relationship of the four genera Peripatus, Mesopertpatus, Eoperipatus and Typhlopert- patus—the only interpietation that can be placed on Bouvier’s classification—is not sufficiently well substantiated by the evidence available. As Sedgwick has shown, the characters of the different geographical groups or genera intermingle in a most intricate way and, in attempting to assess the value of the various combinations which are met with, it is, in the present state of our knowledge, almost impossible to determine which indicate affinity and which are merely examples of convergence. Though agreeing in the segregation of the four genera men- tioned above Bouvier and Evans hold diametrically opposed views as to the question, which is the most primitive genus now exist- ing. A small and yolkless egg, which Bouvier holds to be the primitive condition, Evans regards as evidence of specialization, 1914.] eS S. Kempe: Onychophora. 4Q1 Peripatus, according to the former author, Eopertpatus, according to the latter, comprising the least modified known species In effect, Bouvier maintains that the heavily-yolked eggs found in Eoperrpatus and in Peripatoides are examples of convergence and for the discrimination of the ‘' families’’ relies on other characters which at first sight seem less important. Although it appears at present that the points in which the Abgr and Malaysian genera show affinity with the neotropical species outweigh the characters which might be adduced as evi- dence of relationship with any other genus, it is possible that future research may indicate that a preponderant value should be assigned to characters based on development and in this respect the widest differences exist between the neotropical species and those found in the Abor country and Malaysia. In this event the possibility of relationship with the Australasian forms cannot be overlooked. Peripatoides, in the manner of its development, shows a close resemblance to Eoperipatus and Typhloperipatus and also agrees with them in many important anatomical details. It is interesting to note that a line of migration such as would be implied in this last view is not altogether without support when the known distribution of other groups of animals is consi- dered. Michaelsen! has shown that certain genera of Megascolecid Oligochaetes are found in New Zealand and India and not, appar- ently, elsewhere and that abundant evidence exists in this group of a faunistic connection between Australia and New Zealand on the one hand and India and Ceylon on the other. Another in- stance of this connection is afforded by the small freshwater prawn, Xiphocaridina curvirostris (Heller), which is at present known only from N.-E. Assam and from New Zealand?. Xipho- cartdina belongs to the Atyidae, and is one of the most primitive genera in a family whose ancestral characters have long been recognized. On the other hand there is a large body of evidence in favour of a faunistic connection between India and the neotropical region, traced in most cases, so far as land and freshwater forms are concerned, by way of tropical Africa. As instances of this the Aetheriidae among freshwater Lamellibranchs’®, the Cichlidae or Chromides in freshwater fish * and the Caecilians’® may be cited. It seems then that the existence of lines of migration between India and Australasia on the one hand and between India and the neotropical region, wid Africa, on the other hand is in some measure established. From a geographical point of view it would therefore be possible that Koperipatus and Typhloperipatus might i Michaelsen, Mem. Ind. Mus., I, pp. 118-129 (1909) and Abhandl. Natur- wiss. Verein Hamburg, XIX, 5, pp. 21-26 (1910). ewiemp,-Rec. ind. Mus., VII, p. 113 (2on2)). 38 See Annandale, ‘‘ The African Element in the Freshwater Fauna of British India,’’ IX Congrés Internat.-Zool., Monaco, 1913, p. 583 (1914). 4 Gunther, ‘‘ Introd. to Study of Fishes,” p. 534 (1880). 6 Alcock, ‘‘ Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7),’’ XIV, p. 267 (1904). 492 Records of the Indian Museum. {Vou. VIII, 1914] be genetically connected either with Peripatoides or with Peripatus with both of which it also possesses morphological affinities As the question stands at present the evidence for a neotropi- cal connection seems to outweigh that for a migration from the Australasian region, and if we accept the view that the former has occurred, some support is given by what is known of the structure of the tropical African Mesoperipatus, which both Evans and Bouvier associate with Peripatus and Eoperipatus. A further study of the tropical African species may be expected to prove of considerable interest from this point of view and if any Onycho- phore should be discovered in S. India or Ceylon results of great importance may be anticipated. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIV. Typhloperipatus williamsont, Kemp. Fic. 1.—Cephalic region and first pair of legs in ventral view. »? 2.—Lateral view of antenna, showing the scales and addi- tional secondary annulations on the ventral surface. 3.—One of the scales from the lower surface of the antennae, further enlarged. 4.—Outer jaw-blade. 5.—Inner jaw-blade. 6.—Fourth and fifth legs, seen from below, showing the spinous pads and the positions of the renal apertures. 7.—The posterior end of a male with the last four pairs of legs, showing the genital orifice and the crural glands at the base of the two pre-genital pairs of limbs. REFERENCE LETTERS. c.g.a., apertures of crural gland. m.a.g., apertures of male accessory glands. vy.a., renal aperture. Rec. Ind. Mus. Vol-VIll, 1914 (Abor Exp). | Plate XXXIV "a NS A Sere) eR P DOF yah Q@ 2 Bg mine 5) ae XX D.Bagehi & A.Chowdhary, del. Bemrese, Collo., Derby. TYPHLOPERIPATUS WILLIAMSONI, KEMP. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV. Typhloperipatus williamsoni, Kemp. Fic. t.—Brain in dorsal view. ‘The white matter is indicated as a solid mass lying within the ganglionic substance which is shown in partial transparency. 2.—Portion of a longitudinal horizontal section of the brain passing through the antennary nerve (a.m.) and the optic ganglion (0.g.). The optic nerve is expanded within the ganglion, but is completely surrounded by ganglionic cells. A loosely compacted structure within the ganglion (7.7.) apparently represents the remains of the retinal rods. 3.—A foot in dorsal view. 4.—Lateral view of another foot. 5.—Lateral view of a renal gland from the ninth leg-bearing somite, the coelomic end-sac indicated diagrammati- cally. 6.—Anterior view of the same gland. 7.—A renal gland from the sixteenth leg-bearing somite of a male, seen from in front. 8.—Crural and renal glands from the seventeenth leg-bearing somite of a male in lateral view. g.—Crural and renal glands from the sixteenth leg-bearing somite of the same specimen in lateral view. 10.—Crural and renal glands of the three pregenital somites of another male, seen in lateral view, the nerve cord being indicated diagrammatically in the background. The somites are numbered in roman numerals (XV- XVII). REFERENCE LETTERS. a.n., antennary nerve. /., funnel. b., bladder. N.C», Nerve Cord: c.é.s., coelomic end sac. 0.g., optic ganglion. c.g., crural gland. 0.n., optic nerve. c.t., coiled tube. y.g., renal gland. ad.-Guct: y.v., remains of retinal rods. Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol VII, 1914 (Abor Exp). Plate XXXV. S.W.K. & A.Chowdhary, del. 10. TYPHLOPERIPATUS WILLIAMSONI, KEMP. Bemrose, Collo., Darby. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVI. Typhioperipatus williamsont, Kemp. Male Reproductive Organs. Fic. 1.—The entire system seen from above, displayed semidiagrammati- cally, magnified about 7 times. In order to show the various parts clearly a certain amount of lateral displace- ment has been necessary. The testes, separated in the figure. run together for the greater part of their length; the right seminal vesicle slightly overlaps its fellow and the vasa deferentia form an intricate mass in the hinder part of the body. The dotted lines in the background indicate the position, in relation to the reproductive organs, of the body-wall and legs, the latter being numbered (V—XIX) in roman numerals. The thick-walled portions of the vasa deferentia are distin- guished by oblique hatching. The position of the sections shown on either side is indicated by horizontal! lines and reference letters A-F. A. Section through one of the thick-walled portions of the vas deferens. B. Section through one of the thin-walled portions of the same duct. C. \ Sections through the common duct. In C and D 1D); sections of partially formed spermatophores are BE. shown. E and F pass through the ductus ejacula- F. torius. 2.—The anterior loop of the common duct of the same specimen indicated by dotted lines, with the spermatic mass shown diagrammatically in optical section. It will be noticed that the walls are thickened at various points and that the mass comprises three partially formed spermatophores. The posi- tion of the sections shown to the right is indicated by horizontal lines and reference letters G—J. G. Section through the thick-walled portion joining two partially formed spermatophores. The lumen al- most obliterated and characteristically star-shaped. H_ Section through the main sac of a spermatophore: the inner wall irregularly fluted and surrounded by a smooth chitinous coat. J. Section through the chitinous cap. > REFERENCE LETTERS. c.d., common duct. m.a.g., male accessory gland. d.e , ductus ejaculatorius. n.c., nerve cord. l.t., left testis. y.. rectum. l.v.d., left vas deferens 7.t., right testis. l.v.s., left vesicula seminalis. rv.v.d., right vas deferens. v.v.S., right vesicula seminalis. Plate XXXVI. Rec. Ind. Mus.,, Vol. Vill, 1914 (Abor Exp). iced Ag 38 $ LTT > Bemrose, Colle. Derby. S.W.K.& A.CHowdhary, del. TYPHLOPERIPATUS WILLIAMSONI, KEMP. it Puy, i, aS ah EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVII. Typhlopertpatus williamsoni, Kemp. Female Reproductive Organs and Embryos. Fic, 1.—The female reproductive organs, seen from below, magni- fied about 8 times. A considerable portion of the embryo-laden uterus is omitted. The ovary, which is laid over on the right side, is attached posteriorly to the pericardial floor in the mid-dorsal line by means of a funiculus. The dotted line in the background indi- cates the position, in relation to the reproductive sys- tem, of the body-wall and legs, the latter being numbered (XI-XX) in roman numerals. 2.—Ovary of the same specimen more highly magnified : ova are seen developing in follicles. 3.—A portion of the oviducts and uteri, with receptacula seminis and ovorum, of the same specimen seen from the other side (dorsal view), showing the double ducts leading from the receptacula seminis. 4.—The same portions of another specinien ; in this case an incision was made in the animal before fixation with the result that the ducts and receptacula extruded themselves from the body-cavity and in so doing be- came straightened. The first embryo in one uterus is shown and it will be noticed that it is well developed : the embryo found nearest the vagina in this specimen was practically the same age. 5.—An early stage in the development. The blastopore is open and two primitive segments are differentiated. 6.—A somewhat later stage. The blastopore is closed in the middle and the germ-bands on either side are separated by a ventral protrusion of yolk. 7.—A more fully developed embryo, bent double. 8.—The anterior portion of the same embryo in ventral view. g.—Another embryo, scarcely more advanced than that shown in fig. 7, but folded in a different manner. REFERENCE LETTERS. em., embryo. 0., Ovary. /., funiculus. ovd., oviduct. g.a., genital aperture. y.o., receptaculum ovorum. m.C., nerve cord. é.s., receptaculum seminis. ut., uterus. ' Rec. Ind. Mus, Vol Vill, 1914 (Abor Exp) f "i SW.K. & A-Chowdhary, del. Me TYPHLOPERIPATUS WILLIAMSONI, KEMP. Bemrose, Colle, Derby. u ii oh ay eee MX XX. MOL Eat sit oe ert: CYCLOPHORIDAE (In part). By Lt.-CoLtoneL WH. H. Gopwin-AusTEN, F.R.S. (Plates xxxviii-xl). I now continue the descriptions of species recently collected in the Abor Hills by Mr. Kemp, commenced in this Journal in March, Igr4. The list of interesting new species has been much increased, tne dela tha anld aranthar af rarorsetentieeReT.Oakes._R.E. NOTE. Plate XI, will be issued later. UVsSSlp , LOYURNYYe BAO 20111011 ween devote to the Prosobranchia or operculated land-shells ; the collection contains a most interesting series. It is quite apparent we have as yet only a foretaste of what lies hidden in the depths of the valleys and on the forest-clad ridges and peaks many thousand feet above them, and what a harvest awaits the man knowing how to look for and how to deal with the material that would come to hand. I envy that man who may have the good fortune to go there. List OF GENERA IN THE COLLECTION. PROSOBRANCHIA. Fam. CYCLOPHORIDA. Sub-fam. CYCLOPHORINAE. Cyclophorus. Myxostoma, XX EX: MO ma agoree FI I: CYCLOPHORIDAE (In part). By \r.-CoLloneL H. H. Gopwrin-AustTen, F.R.S. (Plates xxxviii-xl). I now continue the descriptions of species recently collected in the Abor Hills by Mr. Kemp, commenced in this Journal in March, Igr4. The list of interesting new species has been much increased, for during the cold weather of 1913-14 Lt. G. F. T. Oakes, R.E. has again been conducting survey operations in the Tsanspu Valley, and has added largely to the collection of land-shells. He reached a point on the Great River about Lat. 29°15’ and Long. 95°15’; and I have here to thank him for finding time to add to our knowledge of the molluscan fauna of this portion of the Eastern Himalayan Range. In the Helicidae I submit the descriptions of the seven species of Plectopylis that have come to hand, a most interesting set in many respects and all new. Two species were found by Mr. Stanley Kemp, the rest by Lt. G. F. T. Oakes, R.E. These I have entrusted to our best authority on the group, Mr. G. K. Gude, well known by his past work on the genus in “‘ Science Gossip’, 1898-99. The remainder of this second contribution I devote to the Prosobranchia or operculated land-shells; the collection contains a most interesting series. It is quite apparent we have as yet only a foretaste of what lies hidden in the depths of the valleys and on the forest-clad ridges and peaks many thousand feet above them, and what a harvest awaits the man knowing how to look for and how to deal with the material that would come to hand. I envy that man who may have the good fortune to go there. List OF GENERA IN THE COLLECTION. PROSOBRANCHIA. Fan CYCLOPHORTD: Sub-fam. CYCLOPHORINAE. Cyclophorus. Myxostoma, 494 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voz VIII, Pterocyclos. Spivaculum. Raphaulus. Lagochetlus. Sub-fam. ALYCEINAE. Alycaeus. Dioryx. Cycloryx. Sub-fam. DIPLOMMATININAE. Diplommatina. Sub-fam. POMATIASINAE. Pomattias. Cyclophorus aborensis, n. sp. (Pl xxkvilie igs, lia roy Lc) < Locality: Rotung, 2000 ft., near Egar stream (S. W. Kemp); Kalek and Renging, 2000 ft. (Oakes). Shell globosely turbinate, openly umbilicated, solid. Sculp- ture, carinate spiral, lirae wide apart, 5 conspicuous, the last peri- pheral, with much finer intermediate liration, not distinctly seen in old specimens. Colour (specimen from Renging) a rich ruddy brown over most of the surface, beneath pale ochraceous, a few splash- ings of same colour next the suture ; in the type and in most old shells much bleaching takes place. Spire fairly high, conic, apex fine. Suture impressed. Whorls 5, rather rapidly increasing, rounded. Aperture circular, suboblique. Peristome white, solid, continuous, very slightly reflected. Columellar margin sub-vertically curving. Size: major diam. 5°60; alt. axis 24°0; alt. aperture 28°0 mm. Type No. *%° (figs 1b-Ic) in Ind. Mus : No: Are lye Mr. Oakes sent specimens from Kalek No. 3048 B.M. and Renging No. 3051 B.M. (figs. 1, 1a), and from Rami Lambang two specimens of a dwarf variety only 33 mm. in major diameter No. 3049 B.M. Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) bapuensis, n. sp. (Pll xx xviii; digs-2) 2a, 20.62c). Locality: Abor Hills, vicinity of Bapu, 4-i-13 (Oakes). The description of this species follows that of s¢diensis in many particulars, but it is not nearly so keeled. It hasa distinct peripheral band. The umbilicus is more open and not so con- IQI5.| +H. H. Gopwin-Austen: Mollusca, III. 495 cealed. The spire is lower, sides less flat, and first 3 whorls much smaller. Suture more impressed. Whorls, aperture and peristome the same. Size: major diam. 33'0; alt. axis 16°0 mm. Type No. 3108 Brit. Mus. Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) sidiensis, n. sp. (Pl. xxxviii, figs.35-34 730,736). Locality: On Sidi River, Abor Hills (J. H. Burkill). Shell conoidly turbinate, sharply keeled, umbilicus narrow and much concealed by the peristome. Sculpture, 3 distinct spiral lirae above the keel, distant with finer liration intermediate, under- sidelirae fine and close together. Colour madder brown. Splash- ings and spotting near the suture, giving a beautiful mottled pattern. Spire high, conical, sides flat, apex pointed. Suture moderately impressed. Whorls 5, side flatly convex. Aperture circular, suboblique. Peristome white, not much thickened, re- flected and expanded. Columellar margin curving vertically. No. 6002. Size: major diam. 25°0; alt. axis 14°0 mm. No. 6001 Rotung (Kemp). Bleached, older, major diam. 30°0 ; alt. axis 14°5 mm. Type No. 6002 Ind. Mus. Mr. Oakes also found one specimen of this species (3095 B.M.) in the Tsanspu Valley. The Sidi River is in the outer hills north of the Trigono- metrical Station ‘‘ Nari ’’ (Siwalik) 2490. Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) koboensis, n. sp. (Pl. xxxviii, figs, 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d). Locality: Abor Hills, Kobo, on right bank of Tsanspu or Brahmaputra (Kemp). Shell turbinate, keeled, umbilicus open, not concealed by the peristome. Sculpture carinate, as described, splashes and zig-zags of darker tint, giving a mottled appearance. Colour madder brown, with a distinct dark brown band below the keel, ochra- ceous white beneath. Spire conic, depressed, apex very fine. Suture impressed. Whorls nearly 6. Aperture circular. Peris- tome double, inner lip continuous, together thick and reflected. Columellar margin vertically rounded. Operculum flat, multi- spiral, the whorls about 6, defined by a raised thread-like spiral. Type No. 6015 (fig. 4) Ind. Mus. Size: major diam. 30°0; alt. axis 12°0 mm.; Rotung (Kemp) No. 6019-20 Ind. Mus. No. 3579 B.M. (figs. 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d), Rotung (Oakes). Size: major diam. 32°5; alt. axis 12°25 mm. No. 3117 B.M. Yamne Valley and 3045 B.M. Ponging. 496 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor.> Vass No. 3581 B.M., between N. 28° 15’—29°15’ IL. 94° 50’—95° 10’, is not so solid a shell, smoother and higher in the spire. It comes very close to this spices. Major diam. 33:0; alt. axis 15 mm. Spiraculum oakesi, n. sp. (Pl xxxix figs: 3.<3a): Locality: Abor Hills, 4-i-13 (Oakes). Shell depressedly discoid, widely umbilicated. Sculpture close, fine transverse lines of srowth i in the epidermis, no spiral ribbing. Colour: ground, grey white, crossed by regular bands of brown, zigzag below, merging into a narrow dark peripheral band, from which zigzag lines are given off on the basal side. Spire scarcely raised above the last whorl. Suture well impressed, the sutural tube very long, 7 mm., narrow, set obliquely backward, nearly reaching to the apical whorl. Whorls 5, regularly increasing. Aperture circular. Peristome continuous, thickened, reflected at the upper inner angle, expanded forward from above and below, horizontally upon the median line of the penultimate whorl form- ing a narrow slit. Columellar margin rounded. Operculum multi- spiral, slightly concave, smooth at centre, edges of the outer whorls distinct and slightly raised. Operculum multispiral, edges of suture slightly raised, concave in centre. Size: major diam. 26°0; alt. axis 5°5 mm. Five specimens of this beautiful species came to hand; it does not recall any species as yet found in Assam or Burma. Type No. 3081 Brit. Mus. Two specimens to Indian Museum. Spiraculum kempi, n. sp. (Pl. xxxix, figs. 4, 4a and 5, 5a). Locality: Abor Hills, 4-i-13 (Oakes). Shell flatly discoid, widely umbilicated. Sculpture close, epi- dermal lines of transverse growth both above and below, conspicu- ous close spiral lirae with every 2nd or 3rd somewhat stronger— in the type 2nd much more conspicuous on the central line of the last whorl, producing an angulate upper surface. Colour rich umber brown, very indistinct transverse colouring, and a broad peripheral band. Spire very low, only just raised above the last whorl. Suture deeply impressed; ‘the sutural tube is g mm, behind the peristome, extremely short, and does not appear to grow longer, it is of small diameter. Whorls 5, rounded on peri- phery. Aperture circular. Peristome white, thickened, double, reflected, the outer lip above forming a low ridge behind the ex- panded inner lip, thus forming the short open descending wing. Columellar margin rounded. Operculum roundly convex, the whorl in double filaments distantly raised, close and smooth at centre. I9f5.] _ HA. Gopwin-AustEN: Mollusca, III. 497 Size: major diam. 26°5; alt. axis 7mm. (Largest 30°0 Pong- ing). This is very close to the next species Sf. planum found by Mr. Kemp, but which in a few minor characters differs too much to be considered the same; unfortunately there are only two very old bleached specimens of it, Type No. 3105 (figs. 4, 4a) Brit. Mus.; No. 3047 B.M. from Ponging (figs. 5, 5a). Two specimens to Indian Museum. Spiraculum planum, n. sp. (Pl. xxxix ; figs. 6, G@,-Gp)- Locahty: Upper Rotuug, Abor Hills; No. 5992, Upper Ro- tung; No. 5992a, Yembung (Kemp). Shell similar to S. kempz. Sculpture, rather coarser spiral tibbings. Colour bleached. Spire very low, the apex scarcely showing above the last whorl. Suture deeper. Sutural tube only 6°5 from the peristome, it is 4 mm. long and sharply recurved backward. Whorls 5. Aperture circular. Peristome double, thickened, outer lip expanding into a somewhat lengthened open wing, ascending on the whorl next it, not descending as in previous species. Size : major diam. 30°0; alt. axis 6.0 mm. A single small variety, bleached, only 28 mm. in major diame- ter, was sent to me from the Miri Hills. No. 3596 B.M. Type No 5992 Ind. Mus. Spiraculum nevilli, G.-A. var. Locality: Luyor, Abor Hills, 21-vii-13 (Oakes). The wing or spout is not so long in typical mevill: from the Dafla Hills, and the last whorl near the aperture descends much more than in this Abor shell, otherwise they are very close in form. ‘The Abor shells are not so very much mottled, but have a distinct band, and they are much smaller. Size: major diam. 23°25; alt. axis 4°8 mm. Type No. 3531 Brit. Mus. Spiraculum nevilli, G.-A. var. (large). Locality: Abor Hills, 3 young specimens and one fully grown put.up alive, 4-1-13. Shell very openly umbilicated, discoid. Sculpture, close spi- ral liration, accentuated at the middle half of the whorl looking at it from above. Colour dark madder brown, mottled or rather streaked closely with ochre bands which, as they approach the apex, are closely zig-zagged, beneath plain. A distinct black band on the periphery. Spire very flat. Suture impressed. Whorls 5, regularly increasing. Aperture circular, oblique. Peristome double, thickened. much reflected, expanding forward near suture into a spout-like shape, which continues as a raised, pronounced 498 Records of the Indian Museum. [Wort Vani narrow. ridge on the reflected whorl, the epidermis being pecu- liarly shining. A little further development would constitute this a tube, such is its appearance. Operculum multispiral, about 10 whorls, the edges slightly raised and furred on outer margin. Size: major diam. 21°5; alt. axis5‘0 mm. (Type immature, 1st received). Major diam. 22°5; alt. axis 95 mm. (full-grown example). Type No. 308g Brit. Mus. Pterocyclos aborensis, n. sp. (Rikxxxixy figs: 1b eta): Locality: Abor Hills, No. 3104 B.M. Type; 3046 B.M. Pong- ing; 3050 B.M. Rami Lambang, 4-i-13 (Oakes). Shell subdepressedly turbinate, very openly umbilicated. Sculpture, epidermal lines of growth strong. Well raised distant spiral lirae, both on upper and lower side. The one next the suture the most conspicuous, with two less pronounced interven- ing, about 14 altogether. Colour a rich umber brown. Spire subconoid, apex small. Suture deep. Whorls 5, regularly in- creasing, angulately rounded on periphery. Aperture circular. Peristome double, not thickened, slightly reflected, inner lip continuous, the outer expanded forward at inner angle into a half closed spout-shaped wing. Columellar margin sub-vertically curved. Operculum not seen. Size: major diam. 26°0; alt. axis r0°0 mm. Type No. 3104 Brit. Mus. Pterocyclos,_miriensis, n. sp. (Pl xxxix; figs. 2, 24,20; 2c): Locality: Miri Hills. Four specimens obtained. Shell depressedly discoid, very widely umbilicated. Sculp- ture very strong, regular spiral lirae, above and below. Colour rich burnt sienna brown. Spire very flatly conic. Suture well impressed. Whorls 5, subangularly rounded on the periphery. Aperture circular, sub-vertical, just shows above the last whorl. Peristome double, not thickened, slightly reflected, inner lip thin, continuous, the outer expanded into a wing, openly spout shaped. Columellar margin well rounded. Size: major diam. 30'0; alt. axis 8°o mm. Type No. 3580 Brit. Mus. Three specimens to Indian Museum. Pterocyclos spiramentum, n. sp. (Pl. xl, figs. 4, 4a, 40). Locality: Abor Hills, only one specimen obtained but that is in perfect condition (Oakes). 1915. | H. H. Gopwin-AustEN: Mollusca, IIT. 499 Shell (fig. 4a) openly umbilicated, depressedly orbiculate, somewhat globose. Sculpture, only fine epidermal lines of growth. Colour dark sienna brown, crossed by dark bands, running from the suture to the narrow black periphery band. Spire slightly raised, very depressedly conoid. Suture deep. Whorls 4, the last rapidly increasing. Aperture circular, sub-vertical. Peristome slightly reflected, not much thickened, the outer lip is expanded near the suture, with sides turned in forming a spout-like projec- tion. Close behind this and adjacent to the suture is an apparent tube (fig. 4), but it is rather of gutter form, semi-circular in section, and is given off from a cleft on the columellar side just within the aperture (fig. 4b), which is not an orifice—if it were so the gutter would be a true tube and the shell a Sfivaculum. It illus- trates how the sutural tube in that genus has originated. This species is on the borderland of the two genera Pterocyclos and Spiraculum. It must be put in Pterocyclos, because the tube is close to the aperture, almost a part of the peristome. In S#zra- culum the tube is remote from the aperture. Operculum concave Text-FiG. 1.—Pterocyclos brahmakundensts, n. sp. in centre, multispiral, suture not raised. Size: major diam. 15'0; alt. axis 4°75 mm. Type No. 3082 Brit. Mus. Pterocyclos brahmakundensis, n. sp. Locality : Brahmakund, Eastern Assam (M. T. Ogle). Three specimens were found. Shell very depressedly discoid, smooth throughout, very widely umbilicated ; sculpture fine and close, transverse lines of growth on the epidermis; colour sienna brown, more ochraceous below, indistinctly mottled, passing into zig-zag markings on the apical whorls, a narrow black peripheral band ; spire very flat, scarcely taised above the last whorl; suture well impressed; whorls 5, rounded on periphery, narrowing rapidly, rather closely wound, the last descending ; aperture circular, oblique; peristome double, fairly strong, reflected, inner lip continuous, shallowly sinuous on the upper inner margin next the wing, this is spout shaped, 500 Records of the Indian Muszum. [Voy. VIII, directed upwards; columellar margin rounded ; operculum not seen. Size: maj. diam. 21; alt. axis I°4 mm. Type No. 713 B.M. I have had this species for many years; it was given me by Mr. Ogle, collected when he was surveying in Eastern Assam. The opportunity now occurs of bringing it to notice, with the fine series from the contiguous Abor Country. It is interesting to compare its form with Pterocyclos mirtensis, and to note the differences, particularly in the sculpture of the latter. Pterocyclos magnus, G.-A. var. A single specimen, with peristome not quite perfect and surface in poor condition, was sent me by officers of the Survey with the Miri Mission. It comes nearest to the above Dafla Hill shell in general form, the markings differ considerably. Major diameter 24°75. It should be looked for again. No. 3599 B.M. ® Spiraculum luyorensis, n. sp. (Pl. xl, figs. 5, 5a; 50). Locality: Wuyor, Abor Hills (Oakes). Shell openly umbilicated, orbiculate, very depressed. Sculp- ture, a smooth epidermis, lines of growth very fine and close. Colour a very rich dark madder brown, broad dark bands close set, cross the third whorl transversely. There is a narrow peri- pheral band. Spire very low, apex just showing above the plane of the last whorl. Suture impressed, the sutural tube close be- hind the aperture, 3 mm. distant, 3 mm. in length and curving backwards. Whorls 4, the last expanding rapidly. Aperture circular, sub-vertical. Peristome double, not very thickened, slightly reflected, at the suture, the outer lip is extended forward into a long spout resting on the periphery. Size: major diam, 18°75; alt. axis 4°8 mm. Type No. 3530 Brit. Mus. This is close to Pterocyclos spiramentum, but is distinct in its much flatter apex, and far wider umbilicus. The peristome presents a stage further towards, and has reached the develop- ment of Spivaculum, rendering it a more than usually interesting species. Spiraculum putaoensis, n. sp. (Ply xl, figs: 3, 3a, 30). Locality: Putao, Upper Burma, May 1914, 3 specimens (Capt. C. E. Morris). Shell widely umbilicated, orbicularly depressed. Sculpture, - fine regular transverse striae of growth. Colour, bleached, and epidermis gone; zig-zag streakings at regular intervals cross the 19I5.] H. H. Gopwin-AustEN: Mollusca, III. 501 whorls from the suture outwards. Spire scarcely raised above the last whorl. Suture impressed, the tube 44 mm., behind the aper- ture, a mere orifice, but in the perfect shell there may be a tube. Whorls 4, increasing regularly. Aperture circular, oblique. Peris- tome double, inner and outer lips continuous, the inner with a slight notch near sutural margin, the outer expanded into a wing or spout. Size: major diam. 14°0; alt. axis 4:0 mm. The habitat of this species at the head of the Irrawady valley (not a very far distant one from the Tsanspu) is interesting and I have introduced it here because in the sutural tube it approaches a species found in the Abor Hills, which I next describe as Sfiva- culum minimum, and is much smaller. It also recalls Spivaculum anderson, Blf., from Bhamao, but this is more openly umbilicated, the wing similar. My best thanks are due to Capt. C. E. Morris. Spiraculum minimum, n. sp. (Pl-xl, figs, 2, 24, 20y2n} Locality: Jeku, Abor Hills, two specimens (J. Coggin Brown). Shell orbiculate, depressed, widely umbilicated.. Sculpture, fine transverse lines of growth on the epidermis, Colour dull ochraceous, with a green tinge, 3rd and last whorls crossed by irregular brcadish brown bands, indication of a band just below the periphery. Spire depressed, but apex well above last whorl. Suture impressed, the tube short, close behind the aperture, only 2 mm. distant. Whorls 4, regularly increasing. Aperture circular, with very slight angulation at sutural margin: Peris- tome double, both inner and outer lips continuous, moderately thickened and slightly reflected. Size: major diam. 9:2; alt. axis 3°25 mm. Type No. 6142-43 Ind. Mus. Lt. G. F. T. Oakes, R.E. has sent me seven examples of this species from Sibbum, far finer in size; four are bleached. The largest measures I0 mm. in major diameter, No. 314% B.M. Three are perfect (No. 3145 B.M.), with strong epidermis. Colour sienna brown in tint with ochraceous mottling, with an indistinct peripheral band. Major diam. r1°5 mm. This is a close ally of Spivaculum kempt, but the closely mottled zig-zag. pattern and black peripheral band is not seen in that species; in this respect it is similar to Spivaculum nevilli of the Dafla Hills; it is smaller and rather flatter than that shell. It is hardly possible to find better examples showing the deve- lopment of the sutural tube in Sfivaculum than in the species figured on Plate xi. Although it is not from the Tsanspu Valley but from the source of the Irrawady, Spivaculum putaoensis has been introduced in order to show how close is the relationship and how beautiful evolutionary stages have been. In having a tube on the suture behind the peristome and a simple peristome, both SN RS Ee ee ee ce 502 Records of the Indian Museum. PSAove WAG UE belong to the genus Spivaculum. In figures 2c and 3), within the aperture may be seen the little orifice having a connection with the branchial sac. In Spivaculum minimum this is very close to the aperture, in Spivaculum putaoensis it is more remote. In the first the inner and outer lips of the peristome are united and thick- ened at the upper inner margin next the suture, while in the second there is further development; a clear separation of the lips has taken place, the inner has a slight nick on the line of the suture, shown by a sort of cicatrice up to the branchial orifice, and the outer lip is expanded forward into a short scoop-like process corres- ponding to the wing, as it has been called, of Pterocyclos. The next species (fig. 4) might be placed in this genus and is a true link with it. The tube is so far forward, it still forms a part of the peristome, a complete isolated orifice has not yet been formed—it is aslit ; the process of its further development would be the grow- ing more forward of the whorl itself. In fig. 5, Sfivaculum luyor- ensis, we find this stage reached, and in fig. 5) the internal orifice has been left behind, and externally a perfect tube is seen on the suture (fig. 5a) behind the aperture and completely separate from it. While this evolution has been in progress, another change has taken place: the scoop in fig. 4 has grown forward consider- ably into the elongated gutter of fig. 5, with its edges growing inwards and nearly touching, corresponding in life, in all proba- bility, with a sharp fold of the mantle edge, which with further growth might become more and more tube-like. Cyclophorus oakesi, n. sp. (Pix fies: 51a). Locality: Tsanspu Valley, Abor Hills, 2 specimens (Oakes). Shell globosely conoid, umbilicated, not widely. Sculpture, a strong epidermis, fine lines of growth. Colour strong sienna brown, mottled, broadish splashes of black. No peripheral band. Spire somewhat depressed, apex broad and blunt. Suture im- pressed. Whorls 44, well rounded. Aperture circular, suboblique. Peristome simple, not thickened, very slightly expanded, in the best specimen it is not fully formed. Operculum horny multi- spiral, smooth in front and concave. Size: major diam. 9°4; alt. axis 4°8 mm. Type No. 3083 Brit. Mus. The subgeneric position of this species is very doubtful; the animal has not been seen. Genus Alycaeus. Lieutenant, now Captain Oakes, R.E. was most fortunate to secure some very interesting species of this genus. They all proved to be new, one representing a new subgenus Raptomphalus. When these species were received, I was compiling a Mono- graph of the Indian Alycaei for ‘‘ Land and Freshwater Mollusca 1915. | : H. H. Gopwin-AustEn: Mollusca, III. 503 of India” Part XII, published in December 1914, thus the Abor species will be found described and figured in that work as follows :-— ABOR HILLS AND TSANSPU VALLEY. aborensis, nu. sp., p. 364, pl. CXLIX, fig. 9. chanjukensts, n. sp., p. 364, pl. CLVII, figs. 5, 5a. (Cycloryx) sp. near costatus, p. 369. duoculmen, n. sp., p. 365, pl. CLVII, figs. 2, 2a. (Dioryx) globulosus, n. sp., p. 368, pl. CLVII, figs. 1, 1a. luyorensts, n. sp., p. 365, pl. CLVII, figs. 6, 6a. (Raptomphalus) magnificus, n. sp., p. 366, pl CLVI, figs. 1, 1a, 10. oakesi, n. sp., p. 366, pl. CLVII, figs. 4, 4a. panggiana, n. sp., p. 367, pl. CLVI, figs. 3, 3a. sibbumensts, n. sp., p. 367, pl. CLVI, figs. 4, 4a. (Dioryx) urceolus, n. sp., p. 369, pl. CLIII, figs. 9, ga. vesica, Nl. sp., p. 368, pl. CXLIX, fig. ro. yamneyensis, N. sp., p. 368, pl. CLVI, fig. 2. I also give a list of Alycaei known to me, from Eastern Assam, which includes Sadiya and the Lohit River to the east- ward. ‘This may be useful to those interested in the Molluscan fauna of this part of India. EASTERN ASSAM. brahma, G-A., p. 363, pl. XLVIII, fig. 3. brahma, G.-A., vat., p. 363. distinctus, G.-A., p. 363, pl. CK X XVII, figs. 2, 2a, 20. (Diaryx) globosus, n. sp., p. 363, pl. CLIII, fig. 8. (Cycloryx) granum, G.-A., p. 364, pl. LXITI, fig. 6. graphicus, vat. dthingensis, n.s.s., p. 363, pl. CXLVI, figs. 6, 6a. lohitensis, n. sp., p. 362, pl. CX X XVII, figs. 1, ra. oglet, n. sp., p. 362, pl. CXLVIII, fig. 2. x peas aa ae ee Rane re EXPLANATION OF “PLATE XoOSViInE 1, Ia.—Cyclophorus aborensis,n. sp. Renging. 1b, Ic.— 2, 2a, 2b, 2c.— 35343. 38, 36-— 4a, No 4c, 44.— A Type, Rotung (Kemp). 9° 29 bapuensis, n. sp. Type. sidtensis, n. sp. Type. koboensts, n.sp. Ist specimen, Rotung (Oakes). 2nd specimen. Type, Kobo (Kemp). 2 > aay pees : EXPLANATION OF PLATE SOX xD FIGs. 1, 1a.—Pterocyclos aborensts,n. sp. Type. 2, 2a 2b, 2c.— ,, -Miriensis, n. sp. Type. 5 3, 3a.—S piraculum oakest, nu. sp. Type. 4, 4a.— Fa KEMP. «Sp. =. ype: ke 5, 54a.— ae a large. Ponging. at 6, 6a, 6b.— . planum,n. sp. Type, Upper Rotung. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL. FIGs. 1, 1a.—Cyclophorus oakest, n. sp. % 4°5. Type. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c.—Spiraculum minimum, n. sp. X 3°4. Type. . 3, 3a, 3b.— e putaoensis, n. sp. X 3°4. Type. 4, 4a, 4b.—Pterocyclos spiramentum, n. sp. X 3°4. Type. 5,54, 50.—? Sphivaculum luyorensis, n. sp. X 3°4. Type. Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol.VIII, 1915 (Abor Exp) Plate XXXIX. J.Green, Photo. del. Bemrose, Collo,, Derby ABOR MOLLUSCA. Rec. Ind. Mus, Vol.vIll, 1915 (Abor Exp.) Plate XXXVIIL J. Green, Photo. del. Bemrose, Collo., Derby. ABOR MOLLUSCA. : >= ie art =e sa al, On * «@ a a! - vl, Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol VIII, 1915 (Abor Exp) Plate XL. - Godwin Austen. de!. ABOR MOLLUSCA. Watford Engraving Co. a ie AN 9, ee ay a oF a 4 Pend ; py tie | sus : a aie Beit aE 3 coe # Mo MOLLUS CARE Ve SEER LICIDAR: GENUS PLECTOPYLIS. By G. K. GupeE. (Plates xii, xii): A small number of shells of the genus Plectopylis from the Abor country has been kindly entrusted to me for examination. They were collected for Lt.-Col. Godwin-Austen by Lieut. G. F. T. Oakes, R.E., who accompanied the Abor Expedition as officer in charge of the Survey Party, and all proved to be new to science. Although the number of shells is small, they comprise no less than seven species, two of them, unfortunately, being represented by unique specimens. One species is of special interest owing to the fact that it is a member of the section Simicola, not previously known to occur within the limits of the Indian region. Plectopylis, Benson (1860). Plectopylis (Endothyra) oakesi, sp. n. (El xis. la, 10. cc, rd), Shell sinistral, discoid, corneous, widely umbilicated, finely and regularly ribbed, the ribs decussated by raised spiral lines. Whorls 7, increasing slowly and regularly, the last not dilated towards the mouth, slightly constricted behind the peristome, shortly and rather suddenly deflexed in front, angulated above and around the umbilicus, rounded at the periphery. Suture linear, apex slightly raised. Aperture oblique, subrotundate; _peristome slightly thickened and reflexed, the margins united by a slightly raised sinuous ridge, which has a slight notch at the junctions with the peristome above and below. The parietal armature consists of a single strong, slightly oblique transverse plate which gives off a short horizontal ridge posteriorly above, the lower extremity is somewhat dilated and notched, and gives off posteriorly a short ridge and anteriorly a long thin fold, which runs parallel with and close to the lower suture, joining the parietal ridge at the aperture. The palatal armature is very complicated and consists of: 1°, a short slight horizontal sinuous fold close to the upper suture; 2°, a short stout transverse fold with posteriorly a slight denticle and ante- riorly an elongated slender horizontal fold, raised in the middle; 3°, a stout transverse fold, concave posteriorly and giving off 506 Records of the Indian Museum. [Wor \V.LEE: anteriorly from the upper extremity a thin horizontal fold, which is provided below its anterior extremity with an elongate sinuous denticle; 4°, a similar transverse concave fold with an anterior horizontal fold, notched at the junction and curving upwards, the denticle more distant from the anterior extremity; 5°, a sinuous transverse fold, its upper extremity deflexed posteriorly and its lower extremity deflexed anteriorly, with a short horizontally elon- gated denticle close to the lower extremity and provided on the anterior side, ina line with its upper extremity, with an elongated denticle, slightly curved downwards anteriorly, below the latter occurs a short curved fold, its anterior end descending, and below this again another horizontally elongated denticle in a line with the denticle below the lower extremity of the transverse fold; 6°, a slight sinuous horizontal fold close to the lower suture, its poste- tior extremity slightly ascending. Major diam. 12°5, minor Ir mm.; alt. 5 mm. Hab.— Yamne Valley, Abor Hills and Sibbum (Oakes). Type No. 3125 Brit. Mus.; Nos. 6128 and 6130 Renging and Rotung (Kemp) in Ind. Mus. This new species greatly resembles P. pinacis, but the last whorl of the latter is more sloping towards the umbilicus and does not descend in front, while the umbilicus is also more perspective. In the armature considerable difference exists, more especially in the palatal barriers, which are very complicated in the new species. Five specimens, bleached and much worn, were collected. A single specimen taken between Riu and Singging, on the Dihang River, I refer to the same species. It is in much better condition and is larger than the Yamne Valley shells, measuring 14°5: 12°75: 55 mm. The species is named after Lieutenant G. F. T. Oakes, the officer in charge of the Survey Party, who collected the shells. Plectopylis (Endothyra) gregorsoni, sp. n. (PLT xii ies.-2. 2a 20 2c mad): Shell sinistral, depressed conoid, almost discoid, dark corne- ous, polished below, widely and perspectively umbilicated, the last quarter of the last whorl receding still further below, expos- ing half the width of the penultimate whorl; finely and regularly ribbed, the ribs decussated by spiral ribs, giving the shell a reticulated appearance on the upper side, the spirals being less distinct at the side and disappearing at the periphery, below which the transverse ribs also begin almost to disappear. Whorls 5, increasing slowly and regularly, flattened above, a little convex at the side, steeply sloping towards the base, the last whorl scarcely dilated at the mouth, very shortly and slightly deflexed in front, angulated above, subangulated around the umbilicus, the portion between the upper angulation and the periphery encir- cled by three, about equidistant spirals. Spire depressed, suture linear, apex a little raised. Aperture oblique, subhastate, peris- torne white, thickened, and slightly reflexed; margins approximat- I9I5.] . G. K. GupE: Mollusca, IV. 507 ing, the upper horizontal and slightly arched, the outer straight and obliquely descending, basal curved, columellar straight, ascending. The parietal armature consists of a single, slightly oblique, transverse plate, truncate below, where it is also slightly dilated anteriorly, with a very slight anterior support at its upper extre- mity, and posteriorly with two slight very low ridges, one each near its two extremities, the upper obliquely descending and the lower obliquely ascending towards the transverse plate. Below the latter occurs a very short, slight, horizontal fold with a second, still shorter fold posteriorly to it. The palatal armature consists of six spiral folds; the first short and slight, horizontal, near the upper suture; the next four stouter and more elevated, the second obliquely descending backwards, its posterior extre- mity bifurcate; the third nearly horizontal, its anterior extremity slightly bifurcate; the fourth and fifth obliquely descending backwards, their anterior extremity also slightly bifurcate; the sixth short, slight, horizontal, near the lower suture. Major diam. 7°25, minor 8°5 mm.; alt. 3°5 mm. Hab.—Yamne Valley, Abor Hills (Oakes). Type No. 3124 Brit. Mus. Its nearest relative is P. macromphalus, but it differs from, that species in having the palatal barriers in one series, instead of two, and it therefore stands in the same relation to its ally as does P. sowerbyi to P. plectostoma. It is also considerably larger. The new species is named in commemoration of Dr. Gregorson, Medical Officer, with Mr. Noel Williamson, who were both mur- dered in 1911 in the Abor country. Plectopylis (Endothyra) miriensis (G.-A. MS.), sp. n. (Pl. xli, figs. 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3¢). Shell sinistral, discoid, pale yellowish-corneous, widely um- bilicated, the 3 nepionic whorls nearly smooth and shining, the remainder covered with raised spiral lyrae, the interstices finely and closely transversely striated. Whorls 64, increasing slowly and regularly, the last slightly dilated towards the mouth, not constricted behind the peristome, slightly descending and shortly deflexed in front, angulated above, slightly compressed below the angulation, the underside convex. Spire almost plane, apex projecting, suture channelled. Aperture oblique, rhomboid-auri- culate; peristome white, thickened and reflexed, the margins united by a thin callus on the parietal wall, without a ridge, but with the edge crenulated, owing to the prominent spiral lyrae; slightly notched at the lower junction with the peristome. The parietal armature consists of a short transverse plate, its lower extremity a little obliquely deflexed towards the mouth, provided anteriorly with a short, almost horizontal ridge below, and an obliquely descending ridge above, a little stouter and longer than the lower; below the plate occurs a short thin bilobed 508 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor VIII, fold, close to, and parallel with the lower suture and continued posteriorly and anteriorly into a very slender fold, the posterior portion about 3 mm. in length, but the anterior part running as far as the edge of the parietal callus. On the posterior side of the plate occur two denticles, one in a line with the upper, and the other even with the lower extremity. The palatal armature consists of: 1°, a short, low, horizontal fold near to and parallel with the upper suture; 2°, a longer, stouter fold, its anterior portion horizontal, next curving down- wards in a semicircle, and its posterior portion again horizontal, terminating in a bifurcation; between the first and second folds occurs a slight denticle, elongated horizontally ; 3° and 4°, two similar folds, but only their anterior portion nearly horizontal, their posterior portion deflexed obliquely downwards, with an obtuse angle; 5°, a fold similar to the preceding two, but shorter ; and 6°, a short, slight, nearly horizontal fold, close to the lower suture; a low, transverse, callous ridge connects these folds. Major diam. 12, minor 11 mm.; alt. 5 mm. Hab.—Miri Hills, Upper Assam (Officers, Miri Mission). Type No. 3205 Brit. Mus. The raised lyrae differentiate Plectopylis mirtensis from all other known species of the genus. These appear only on the post-embryonic 34 whorls, the earlier ones of which are furnished on the upper side with 4 lyrae, but about the beginning of the last half of the penultimate whorl their number gradually in- creases to 5. Owing to the fact that the inner one of these is at some distance from the suture, the latter appears channelled, the same condition obtaining as regards the suture in the umbilicus. On the outer and the lower side of the. whorls—from the upper angulation to the umbilical suture—I have counted 21 such lyrae, making 26 in all. The species has its nearest ally in P. pinacis from Darjeeling, but the latter is dark brown and larger and is only striated spir- ally, the spirals being also more crowded, while at the sides they are almost obsolete. P. pimacis, moreover, is angulated around the umbilicus, which is more open and perspective than in its ally. In their barriers the two species are also closely related, but the parietal transverse plate in P. miriensis has no posterior support at its upper extremity, and the anterior support is ob- liquely deflexed downwards at an acute angle, while in P. pinacis this support is much shorter and directed upwards. In the palatal armature likewise considerable differences are met with, the second fold in pznacis being straight, instead of curving down- wards in the middle. The latter species, moreover, does not possess the transverse callous ridge connecting the horizontal and oblique folds in P. miviensis, a feature it shares with P. muspratti, and a few other species which, however, belong to a different section. Finally, the additional median denticle between the first and the second fold is lacking in pinacis, it is, in fact, a character which I have not observed in any other species of Plectopylis. IQT5.| . G. K. GupE: Mollusca, IV. 509 Plectopylis (Chersaecia) williamsoni, sp. n. (PY: xiii; figsivn 1a) nok head). Shell sinistral, depressed conoid, dark corneous, the earlier whorls lighter and shining, moderately umbilicated, closely pli- cate-striate. Whorls 6, closely coiled, increasing slowly and regu- larly, flattened above, convex at the side, tumid below, the last slightly dilated at the mouth, slowly descending for some distance in front, angulated above and around the umbilicus, subangulate at the periphery. Spire depressed, suture linear, apex obtuse. Aperture oblique, crescent-shaped, peristome white, slightly thick- ened, scarcely reflexed, the margins united by a raised flexuous ridge on the parietal wall, slightly notched at the junctions with the peristome above and below. Parietal armature consisting of a low vertical plate, both extremities giving off a slight support posteriorly with a slight denticle behind the upper support; above the vertical plate oc- curs a short slender horizontal fold and on the anterior side are two stout horizontal folds, one very short, in a line with the upper extremity, the other nearly median in position and much longer, terminating at about 1 mm. from the parietal ridge at the aperture; below the vertical plate rises a filiform fold running paral- lel with the lower suture and united to the parietal ridge at the aperture. The palatal armature may be said to be in two series; the anterior set consisting of six horizontal folds, the first short and slender, near the upper suture, the next three longer and stouter, bilobed; the fifth still stouter, and almost bisected, its posterior portion deflexed; the sixth short and slight, near the lower suture; the posterior series consists of a vertical row of five minute denticles, one each between the second, third, fourth, and fifth folds, and two below the latter; with the exception of the sixth fold, which is placed further forward, all the folds terminate posteriorly in a line with the denticles. Majox diam. 6, minor 5°5 mm.; alt. 3°25 mm. Hab.—Abor Hills, exact part not indicated (Oakes). Type No. 3087 Brit. Mus. This new species, of which 8 specimens were collected, resem- bles a small P. sowerbyi or P. plectostoma in outward appearance, but it is related to P. brahma. ‘That species, however, besides being larger, may be readily separated by the fact that the parietal vertical plate gives off anteriorly from its lower extremity a short horizontal fold, while the palatal barriers consist of only four horizontal folds, as against six in the new species; on the other hand, in the posterior series it possesses I3 of 14 denticles and P. williamsoni only 6. With this new species is associated the name of Mr. Noel Willamson of the Indian Civil Service, an active explorer on the far Assam Frontier, whose murder in rgrr led to the expedition against the hill tribes. 510 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor iV: Plectopylis (Chersaecia) bedfordi, sp. n. (Plrxli; figss72; 24.20. 2c,-24): Shell sinistral, depressed conoid, almost discoid, dark corne- ous, moderately umbilicated, finely and closely plicate-striate, decussated on the upper side with very close raised spirals, giving it a closely and finely reticulated appearance ; in addition there are at more or less regular, distant intervals, coarser transverse ribs ; at the sides the reticulated appearance is less distinct, and there the shell is encircled by four distant fimbriae of cuticular processes, resembling coarse hairs, and a similar fringe of cuticular processes occurs at the top near the outer edge of the whorls; these processes are readily rubbed off. Whorls 64, closely coiled, increasing slowly and regularly, flattened above and at the side, becoming convex towards the base, tumid below, the last not dilated at the mouth, shortly and rather deeply deflexed in front, angulated above. Spire depressed, suture linear, apex prominent. Aperture oblique, auriculated ; peristome white, slightly thick- ened and shortly reflexed, the margins approximating and united by a raised flexuous ridge on the parietal wall, notched at the junctions with the peristome above and below. The parietal armature consists of a simple curved transverse plate, giving off posteriorly above a short support and rather strongly deflexed backwards at its Jower extremity, where it gives off anteriorly a filiform fold running parallel with and close to the lower suture and joining the flexuous ridges at the aperture. The palatal armature is very complicated, being in two series ; the anterior set consisting of six more or less horizontal folds ; the first rather thin and short, parallel with and close to the upper suture; the next four stouter and longer, the second slightly curved, the third curving downwards in the middle and _bifur- cated at the posterior extremity; the fourth at first curves upwards and then downwards; the fifth similar to the fourth but, like the third, bifurcate at the posterior extremity ; the sixth is parallel with and near the lower suture. The posterior series consists of a large number of more or less elongated denticles, all more or less in a line with the posterior terminations of the folds ; three of these between the first and second folds, the centre one shortest; one, moderately long, between the second and third folds; three be- tween the third and fourth folds, the middle one longest; one short one between the fourth and fifth folds; two, the upper one short and the lower one triangular, posteriorly to the fifth fold; two short ones between the last triangular denticle and the sixth fold, with a short denticle anteriorly and close to the poste- rior termination of the fifth fold; and lastly a minute denticle below the sixth fold. Major diam. 9, minor 8 mm.; alt. 4°5 mm. Hab.—Abor country, Tsanspu Valley, on the Dihang, about 50 miles above the junction of the Sigon River, alt. 2800 ft. 51I - 1915. | a G. K. GupE: Mollusca, IV. Type No. 3584 Brit. Mus. This new species is evidently related by its palatal armature to P. brahma, these barriers being even more complicated than in the latter form. In its simple parietal armature, however, it stands rather isolated in the group, coming nearest to P. oglez, but that shell is much larger and is dextral. The species is asso- ciated with the name of Captain Bedford, who appears to have been the first officer to go into that part of Assam, vz. in 1826. Plectopylis (Endoplon) aborensis (G.A. MS.), sp. n. (Pl-xlu, figs. 3, 3a,' 3b) 3643s Shell sinistral, solid, stoutly discoid, ochraceous, with a deci- duous cuticle, widely openly umbilicated, finely and rather regu- larly striated, dull, the protoconch glossy and rather distantly faintly ribbed. Whorls 63, closely coiled, increasing slowly and regularly, the last a little dilated towards the mouth, deeply des- cending in front, the upper side flattened, bluntly keeled above, the keel disappearing near the aperture, convex at the side, angu- lated around the umbilicus, spire sunken, but the upper side of the whorls horizontal, not sloping, so that the whorls are terraced; suture impressed above, but channelled in the umbilicus; apex a little raised, being about on a level with the outer whorl. Aper- ture nearly horizontal, broadly lunate; peristome thickened and reflexed, the margins united by a slight raised ridge on the parietal wall, notched at the junctions with the peristome above and below; upper margin slightly ascending, outer depressed at first, basal arcuate, columellar ascending and slightly impinging upon the umbilicus. Parietal armature consisting of: 1°, a transverse plate, ob- liquley curving downwards and backwards, with a short posterior support at the upper extremity, where it gives off anteriorly a horizontal fold, running parallel with the upper suture; 2°, a much shorter vertical plate, placed anteriorly to the first, its lower extremity having a short support on either side, its upper extremity simple and terminating about the periphery; a very slender fold rises some distance behind the first plate, running close to and parallel with the lower suture, joining the parietal ridge at the aperture. The palatal armature consists of five folds ; the first, near the upper suture, slight and obliquely descending backwards ; the next three transverse, very stout, short, elevated, and rather square in outline, the second having a short obliquely ascending support at its upper, and an obliquely descending one at its lower extremity ; the third and fourth with a short support anteriorly above and below, giving that side aconcave appearance, and posteriorly with a short obliquely descending support at its lower extremity; the fifth is near the lower suture, slight and horizontal, a little stouter and more elevated than the first. Major diam, 14, minor I1°5 mm. ; alt. 6°5 mm. ° 512 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor. VIII, Hab.—Between Renging and Rotung, 2200 ft., Abor country. Type No. 5998 Ind. Mus.; also No. 6135 I.M. This new species is a very interesting addition to the Indian fauna, a single full-grown specimen and one immature of which were collected by I. H. Burkill and sent home by Mr. Kemp, who accompanied the expedition. It is the first sinistral form of the section Endoplon I haveseen. Inits parietal armature it is nearest to P. brachyplecta, but lacks the median horizontal fold of that species, while the anterior vertical plate is only about half the length of that in its ally; in addition it possesses a short hori- zontal fold proceeding from the upper extremity of the posterior plate, while the horizontal fold below the two plates—which in P. brachyplecta is very short and rather stout—is here very slender and, running parallel with the lower suture, reaches the aper- ture. In its palatal armature it differs in having only five folds— against six in brachyplecta—the median ones, moreover, being placed more vertically, and the third and fourth having the ante- tior side concave, instead of sloping backwards as in brachyplecta. In outward appearance it strikingly differs from all other known species of Plectopylis, the terraced upper sides of the narrow whorls and the channelled sutures in the umbilicus being features I have not observed in any other species, and which, without previous examination of the armature, enabled me at a glance to recognize this as an undescribed form. Fig. 3a shows the parietal armature, fig. 3b the palatal folds as they would appear from the inside if the outer wall were removed, while fig. 3c gives the posterior aspect of both parietal and palatal barriers, only the posterior plate of course being vis- ible in this view. Plectopylis (Sinicola) babbagei, sp. n. (Pl. xlii, figs. 4, 4@, 40, 4c, 4d). Shell dextral, discoid, dark brown above, olivaceous corneous below, widely and perspectively umbilicated, closely and rather coarsely plicate-striate, the striae decussated by raised spiral lines. Whorls 6, increasing slowly at first, then more rapidly, the upper side a little flattened and sloping towards the suture, slightly convex at the side, tumid below, encircled by three fim- briae of deciduous cuticular processes, like coarse hairs, the first near the upper side, the second at the periphery, the third around the umbilicus; the last whorl dilated towards the mouth, not constricted behind the peristome, shortly descending in front. Suture impressed, spire slightly sunken, apex a little raised. Aper- ture oblique, elliptic-subovate, the margins distant; peristome white, thickened and reflexed, the margins united by a slightly raised, flexuous ridge on the parietal wall; the upper margin shortly ascending, curved, outer margin straight, basal margin widely curved, columellar margin ascending, slightly impinging upon the umbilicus. IQI5. | e G. K. GupE: Mollusca, IV. 51 Oo Parietal armature consisting of a simple, stout, curved, ob- liquely ascending, transverse plate. The palatal armature is com- posed of six spiral folds: the first short, horizontal, near the upper suture; the next four longer and stouter, their posterior terminations notched ; the second horizontal ; the third, fourth and fifth obliquely descending backwards ; the sixth short, horizontal, near the lower suture ; between the posterior ends of the fifth and sixth folds occurs a slight denticle. Major diam. 14, minor 12 mm.; alt. 6 mm. Hab.—Luyor Peak, Abor Hills, alt. 7200 ft. Lat. 28°45’: Long. 95°45’. Type No. 3529 Brit. Mus. When in 1899 the writer established the section Sznicola (Science Gossip, new series, VI, p. 148) it was believed to be con- fined within the limits of the Chinese Empire. Two species be- longing to this group were subsequently discovered in Tonkin (P. emigrans and P. fruhstorfert), while a third (P. hiraset) was taken in the Loo Choo Group, but, until the present species was found, no member of the section was known to occur to the south of the Himalayas. P. babbagei, therefore, constitutes a very interesting and important addition to the Indian fauna. It appears to be nearest in affinity to P. pulvinarts, which, however, possesses 7 palatal folds and is not, like the present species, decus- sated by spirals. The name of Major-General Babbage, who led an expedition against the Abor tribes in 1847, suggested by Lt- Col. Godwin-Austen, is associated with this new species. =e ee eS See EXPLANATION OF PLATE Xn: FIGs. I, 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d.—Plectopylis (Endothyra) oakest, sp. n. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d.— - a gregorsont, Sp. n. +) 540 Behl s SC. 3a.— fe zs miriensts, Sp. 1. Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol.VIII, 1915 (Abor Exp) Plate XL 3a. 4 ee Be J. Green, Photo. del. Bemrose, Collo., Derby. ABOR MOLLUSCA. (pPLEcTopPyYLIs). EXPLANATION OF PR ATE Sir: Fics.1, ta, rb, tc, 1d.—Plectopylis (Chersaecia) williamsont, sp. n. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d.— % “f bedfordt, sp. un. (Endoplon) aborensts, sp. n. (Sintcola) babbaget, sp. n. 9» 33 34, 30, 3¢, 3d.— ” 3» 4, 44, 40, 4c,4d.— _,, Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. VIII, 1915 (Abor Exp) Plate. Xia J.Green, Photo. del. Bemrose, Col!o., Derby ABOR MOLLUSCA. (PLECTOPYLIS). X11.” COLE © Pica Resewee hice: PASSALIDAE AND LUCANIDAE. By F. H. Gravery, M.Sc., Assistant Superintendent, Indian Museum. PASSAETIDAE. The Passalidae collected during the Abor Expedition of IQIiI-I2 were mostly found either in trees felled by troops at Kobo, where they could not have been on the ground for more than a few months, or in trees felled by Abors when preparing land for cultivation. Five of the species found—Taentocerus bicuspis, Aceraius grandis, Macrolinus sikkimensis, Leptaulax dentatus, and Leptaulax bicolor—have a wide distribution round the Abor country. It is, however, uncertain how far beyond the Abor country the typical Himalayan form of Macrolinus sikkimensis extends, this form being replaced in a great part at least of Burma by a local race of the same species. All the remaining species are Himalayan, except Leptaulax voepstorfi, which is only known outside the Abor country from Burma and the Andamans. Of the Himalayan species Tzberioides austent is only known, outside the Abor country, from the Dafla Hills; Aceratus himalayensis extends into the Naga Hills. and Leptaulax cyclotaenius subsp. himalayae extends into Tonkin. ‘The typical form of the last named species is Malaysian, and no form is known between the Himalayas and Tonkin on the one hand, and Perak in the Malay Peninsula on the other. The collection, which has already been referred to in my ‘“ Account of the Oriental Passalidae’’ (Mem. Ind. Mus. III, 1914, PP. 177-353, pl. xi-xili), is as follows :— Genus TAENIOCERUS, Kaup. This genus includes species found in all parts of the Oriental Region except the Indian Peninsula and Ceylon. Taeniocerus bicuspis, Kaup. Kobo, 400 ft., I-xii-11—4-ii-12. Rotung, 1400 ft., 1I-1-12. Upper Rotung, 2000 ft., 5-1-12. Renging, 2150 ft., IQ-xii-IT. This is the only species of the genus found north of the Malay Peninsula. It is recorded from the Malay Peninsula, Siam, 516 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor VIE: Cachar and the whole length of the E. Himalayas, so probably occurs throughout the hill ranges of Burma and Assam. Genus TIBERIOIDES, Gravely. Confined to the E. Himalayas, Assam, and Burma (probably Upper Burma). Tiberioides austeni, Gravely. Kalek, 3800 ft., 29-xii-I1. Previously known only from specimens collected in the Dafla Hills. Genus ACERAIUS, Kaup. This genus is recorded from the Philippines, Sunda Islands, Malay Peninsula, Burma, Assam, E. Himalayas, Southern China, and Formosa but not from the Indian Peninsula or Ceylon. Aceraius grandis (Burmeister), subsp. hirsutus, Kuwert. Kobo, 400 ft., 31-xi-11—8-xi1-II. Janakmukh, 600 ft., 18-xii-II. Rotung, 1400 ft., 26-xii-1I and I-i-12. Upper Rotung, 2000 ft., 5-1-12. Renging, 2150 ft., 4-xi-II. Kalek, 3800 ft., 29-xii-1I. Aceraius grandis is found over the whole range of the genus. Its subspecies hivsuzus is the form characteristic of continental Asia (excluding the Malay Peninsula), the Philippines and Formosa. Aceraius himalayensis, Gravely. Sirpo River nr. Renging, March 1912. Although the species apparently occurs throughout the Eastern Himalayas and southwards into the Naga Hills, it does not seem to be very common. Only a single specimen was obtained during the Abor Expedition ; this was collected by M. de Courcy. Genus MACROLINUS, Kaup. The section of this genus to which the Abor species belongs is known only from the Andamans, Nicobars, Burma and the Eastern Himalayas. Macrolinus sikkimensis, Stoliczka. Kobo, 400 ft., 30-xi-II—9Q-xiI-II. Janakmukh, 600 ft., 15-x1-IT. Rotung, 1400 ft., 25-xli-I I—I-1-12. This species occurs throughout the Eastern Himalayas, and a local race of it is known from Burma. One of the specimens from Kobo approaches this race somewhat in character. I9I5.] — F,H.GRAvELY: Coleoptera, VIII. 517 Genus LEPTAULAX, Kaup. Widely distributed over the Indo-Australian Region. Leptaulax dentatus (Fabr.) s. sir. Kobo, 400 ft., 2-xli-1I and 8-xii-II. Janakmukh, 600 ft., 18-x-ITI. Rotung, 1400 ft., 28-xii-1I. Upper Rotung, 2000 ft., 9-i-12. Renging to Rotung, 2600 ft., 20-x1i-II. Kalek, 3800 ft., 29-xii-IT. A very variable and widely distributed species. Its range appears to coincide with that of the genus. L. cyclotaenius, Kuwert, subsp. himalayae, Kuwert. Renging, 2150 ft., I9Q-xii-I1. This form is only known in addition from the Dafla Hills and Tonkin. L. cyclotaenius, s. str., the only other known form of the species, is a Malaysian insect and is not known to occur north of Perak. Leptaulax bicolor, Fabr., s. sér. Janakmukh, 600 ft., 18-xii-I1. This species, like ZL. dentatus, is very variable, and has the same zoogeographical range as the genus. Leptaulax roepstorfi, Kuwert. Yembung, 1100 ft., 8-ii-12. Rotung, 1400 ft., 24-xi1-II. This remarkably flat insect was originally described from the Andamans, and has since been described from Tenasserim. This record extends its known range northward very considerably. BUCA NIDAE. Very few Lucanids were collected. They are as follows :— Metapodontus impressus, Waterhouse. Kobo, 400 ft., 6-xii-11, under log (@). The Indian Museum possesses a female from the Darjeeling District. No other precise records appear to have been made. Eurytrachelus sp. ?. Janakmukh, 600 ft., 18-xii-II, in rotten wood. 518 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vou. VIII, 1915.} Gnapholoryx velutinus, Thomson. Kobo, 400 ft., 30-xi-II, in rotten wood (@). The Indian Museum possesses a female from Darjeeling, 7000 ft., and one from 1000-3000 ft. in the Darjeeling District. No other precise records appear to have been made. Aegus labills, Westwood. Upper Retung, 4-i-12, under leaf-stem of plantain ( ¢ ). The Indian Museum possesses specimens from the Dafla Hills, Southern Shan States, and Andaman Islands. ‘The species has also been recorded from Darjeeling. 2? Cardanus sp. Rotung, 1400 ft., 23-xii-11, in rotten wood. SLily -COLE OPT ERAS es eee eR TON ED AE: By F. H. GRAvELY, M.Sc., Assistant Superintendent, Indian Museum. (Plates XLITI—XLIV.) The Tenebrionidae collected by the Abor Expedition were for the most part found under bark or in rotten wood. Many Tene- brionids live in such situations, where they may be found even in the cold season. It is therefore not surprising that their species are more numerous than those of many other groups which are mote readily met with in the open, but chiefly during the hot weather and rains. Insects of such retiring habits as these Tenebrionids have been less collected everywhere than those which are more readily found ; and the large proportion of new species in the Abor collec- tion is probably as much due to the way in which they were collected as to zoogeographical causes. The most unexpected insects in the collection are perhaps the two new species of Leftoscopha, a genus hitherto recorded only from Madagascar; but it is at present impossible, in view of the imperfect state of our knowledge of Indian Tenebrionidae, to attach any special significance even to these. The present, like a number of other papers in this series, contains records not only of species obtained by the Abor Expedi- tion, but also of species collected by Mr. H. Stevens in north-east Assam and the Darjeeling District, and by myself in the Amherst District of Tenasserim. All the species enumerated below were determined for me by Herr Hans Gebien, when I visited Hamburg about two years ago. Several of the known species with which new forms are compared were lent to me by him for that purpose, and were still with me when the war deprived me of his continued help. Other work pre- vented my taking up the writing of this paper till after the com- mencement of the war, and I have omitted from it descriptions of several new species for an adequate description of which I have felt my own knowledge to be insufficient, and concerning which I have wished to consult him again. I cannot thank him too deeply for his constant kindness to mein Hamburg, and for the assistance with which he was ever ready, so long as he was able to communi- cate with me. Information given below as to the distribution of known species has been obtained from his Catalogue (Junk’s ““ Coleopterorum Catalogus ’’) where references to previous literature will be found, from his private collection and notes, and from the Indian Museum collection. Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.. VIII, On 1S) e) Pseudoblaps javana, Wied. Several specimens were collected under the bark of a fallen tree-trunk in Kawkareik, one between Kawkareik and Third Camp, and one at Dhammathat—all in the Amherst District of Tenasserim. The species is recorded in Gebien’s catalogue from Further India and the Sunda Islands. His collection includes specimens from Rangoon, Annam, Cambodia, Sumbava, and Tenimber in Larat Island near New Guinea. There are a few specimens in the Indian Museum collection from Victoria Point. Scleron ferrugineum, Fabr. A single specimen was found in the Thaungyin Valley, at Myawadi, ca. 500 ft., on the Burmo-Siamese frontier. Gebien’s collection includes specimens from Borneo, the Philippines and Formosa, which localities, together with those previously recorded, show that the species occurs throughout the Oriental Region, to which it appears to be confined. Gonocephalum depressum, Fabr. This species, recorded from India by Gebien, was found at Kawkareik, and on both eastern and western slopes of the Dawna Hills in Tenasserim. Gonocephalum pubens, Mars. Mr. Kemp obtained a single specimen of this Japanese species at Dibrugarh, N.-E. Assam. It has recently been recorded by Gebien from Formosa. Gonocephalum ruficornis, Geb. This species was found at Yembung, r100 ft., and Rotung, 1400 ft. inthe Abor Country. It appears to have been described since the publication of Gebien’s ‘‘ Catalogue,’’ but I have been unable to discover where. Gonocephalum subspinosum, Fairm. Originally described from Kurseong. Mr. Kemp found it at Kobo, 400 ft., in rotten wood; at Rotung, 1400 ft., under bark; between Rotung and Kalek, 2000-3500 ft.; near Parong, 3300 {t., under stones; and above Panji, 4000 ft., under bark. Dichraeosis capucinus, n. sp. (Plate xliii, fig. 1.) Gopaldhara, Rungbong Valley, Darjeeling District. One speci- men, collected by Mr. W. K. Webb, from whom it passed into Mr. Stevens’ collection. 1915. ] F. H. GRAVELY : Coleoptera, IX. 521 A slender almost cylindrical insect whose general russet brown colour is produced by golden scale-like hairs—much coarser than in D. bacillus—overlaying the dark brown integument, which 1s further obscured between its numerous coarse tubercles by a paler dull brown secretion. Length 8 mm. Maximum width of prono- tum 2.2mm. Maximum width of elytra 2°8 mm. The head is transverse, very coarsely and closely punctured behind, less so near the anterior margin which is scarcely emar- ginate. The dorsal surface is transversely depressed between the eyes, and slightly elevated on either side in front of them. There is a very distinct membrane between the anterior margin of the head and the labrum, but the head and all parts belonging to it are particularly deeply embedded in secretion, which must be re- moved before any of their features can be seen. The labrum is transversely oval, with a transverse elevation about half way between the anterior and posterior margins ; behind this elevation it is smooth and polished; in front, it bears a few fine punctures and hairs, the latter forming a dense fringe on the margin. The pronotum is inflated in front of its narrowest part, which is very near the raised posterior margin. Its middle line is depressed throughout, especially in front and behind. ‘The depression in front is much deeper than in D. bacillus. A pair of stout conical processes project laterally beside the base of the head from the ventral part of the anterior margin. The elyiva are almost parallel-sided, slightly widest at a dis- tance of about two-thirds of their length from their anterior end, gradually tapering behind. They are marked throughout by parallel lines of tubercles; of these the two innermost are discon- tinuous, the next five are much coarser, with their tubercles united to form more or less continuous ridges, and the last two, though coarse and distinct behind, are obsolete in front. The lower surface of the head is marked centrally by a series of transverse grooves; laterally it is coarsely and closely punctured. The prosternum is marked with irregular, coarse, shallow punctures. In front of the coxae it is T-shaped, with all its edges slightly raised; behind them it is hour-glass shaped. The mesosternum is depressed in front, where it is coarsely roughened except in the middle line which is strongly keeled and highly polished. Behind it is elevated to the level of the meta- sternum and is rough throughout. The metasternum and abdominal sterna are covered with golden scale-like hairs such as occur on the upper surface. A depression borders the smooth and hairless rims of the posterior coxal cavities. The antennae are I1-jointed. The two basal joints are sub- spherical, a little longer than broad, the first a little larger than the second which is inserted at an obtuse angle. The third joint is slender, about three times as long as broad, distinctly thickened distally. The next three joints are alike, scarcely longer than broad. The seventh joint is similar, but more distinctly thickened 522 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vor VALI; distally. The eighth joint is fully as broad as long, the ninth and tenth successively broader. The eleventh is larger and sub- spherical. The right mandible is compressed distally, and has one large terminal tooth with a smaller dorsal tooth above it. The outer margin is ventrally elevated. The whole space between the ter- minal tooth and the broad molar tooth is occupied by a mandible- sac. The left mandible is missing. The lacina of the maxilla is about half as large as the galea ; both are expanded and clothed with stout curved hairs distally. The palp is 4-jointed. The first joint is small and parallel-sided ; the second is fully twice as long as the first, somewhat broader at the base and fully twice as broad distally; the third joint resem- bles the second in form, but is only about two-thirds as long; the fourth joint is large and triangular, about as long as the first and second together and about as broad as long. The labial palps are 3-jointed ; the second joint is somewhat larger than the first, and the third than the first and second together. The mentum is trapezoidal. The legs are moderately slender, and present no special fea- tures. Byrsax tuberculatus, n. sp. (Plate xlin, fig. 2.) Kobo, 400 ft., Abor Country, 30-xi-1r. One specimen. A small brown, parallel-sided, oval beetle about twice as long as broad, covered with strong tubercles none of which form massive elevations as is the case in B. excisicollis, Gebien, from Borneo.! Length 4°3-5°0 mm. The head is shaped as in B. excisicollis, but is smoother between the eyes and bears a pair of erect horns of variable length, directed somewhat backwards and bowed alittle outwards, obliquely truncate and spiny postero-laterally at the end. The pronotum and elytra are punctured and tubercular (see pl. xliii, fig. 2). The posterior margin of the former is shaped as in B. excisicollts. The lower surface of the head is closely and coarsely punc- tured, as is also the frosternum which is strongly keeled between the coxae. The mesosternum is more finely and sparsely punc- tured, with the space between the punctures highly polished. The metasternum is grooved in the middle line; both it and the abdominal sterna are closely and coarsely punctured. The antennae are I1-jointed. The first joint is about as long as the second and third together, the third is longer than the fourth which is fully as long as the second, the fifth to tenth joints are enlarged in front, the fifth slightly, the others more and | Described in Sarawak Museum Fournal U1, pp. 9-11, pl. 1, fig. 6, since the publication of the ‘‘ Catalogue.” IQI5. | _ F. H. Gravety : Coleoptera, IX. 523 more in series. The terminal joint is about equal to the ninth in width, is evenly rounded, and slightly longer than broad. The right mandible is terminated by a single large pointed tooth, with a slightly smaller tooth above and a little behind it. The mandible-sac fills the space between these teeth and the broad molar tooth. The left mandible is stout, and horizontally cleft at the tip; the lower external margin of the dorsal of the two teeth so formed is finely and evenly serrate. There is a mandible-sac and a large molar tooth. Dysantes elongatus, Redt. Hitherto recorded only from Java. A specimen was obtained at Sukli on the eastern side of the Dawna Hills (Tenasserim), at an altitude of about 2000 feet. Platydema aurimaculata, n. sp. (Plate xliii, fig. 3.) Kobo, 4000 ft., Abor Country, 30-xi-rr. A number of speci- mens found in Polyporus. A convex elyptical, smoothly shining insect whose black colour is varied with orange on the elytra. Length 3°8-4°5 mm. The head is rather sparsely punctured, transversely grooved between the inner angles of the eyes, black behind this, black fading to reddish-brown in front. The anterior margin of the clypeus is straight or lightly concave, making a widely rounded angle with the anterior margin of the canthus on each side. The labrum is reddish-brown, with a number of short hairs in front. In males a dorso-ventrally depressed horn of variable size pro- jects from the middle line between the posterior margins of the eyes. Itis black at the base, but when well developed is red- dish at the tip. The fronotum is black, occasionally tinged with reddish-brown; it is punctured like the head. The scutellum is small; it is black or reddish. The elytra are black with four irregular patches of orange, they are marked with eight complete longitudinal rows of fine punctures (excluding the marginal groove), and a short additional one near the scutellum. The under side of the head is black, that of the rest of the body reddish-brown; the former is somewhat coarsely roughened, the latter somewhat more finely punctured. The prosternum and metasteynum are not grooved or keeled in the middle line. ‘The mesosternum is hidden. The antennae are 11-jointed. The first joint is longer and stouter than the second ; the third is also longer than the second, and is slightly thickened distally, but it is much smaller than the first. The remaining joints are uniformly thicker than the third but are of about the same length, except the last which is about twice as long. 524 Records of the Indian Museum. [ VoL. VEL The right mandible is moderately stout, bifid at the tip, and grooved externally. The dorsal tooth in front of the mandible-sac is low and broadly truncate. The left mandible is similar, its dorsal tooth is very small. Both the lacina and galea of the maxilla are tipped with stout hairs; the last joint of the palp is barrel-shaped, with obliquely truncate extremity. The mentum is trapezoidal, with lightly convex sides. The femora of all the Jegs are slightly swollen. The tibiae are broader distally than proximally. The tarsi are bordered by fine spines. Platydema subfascia, Walk. This species is known from India, the Sunda Islands, S. China, etc. I obtained one specimen at Kawkareik in Tenasserim. Platydema annamitum, Fairm. Hitherto known only from Indo-China. Mr. Kemp obtained specimens from under bark at Yembung, I1oo ft., 8-11-12, and at Rotung, 1400 ft., 28-xii-II. Both of these places are in the Abor Country. Platydema nigroaeneum, Motsch. Hitherto only recorded from Japan. Mr. Kemp obtained it in the Abor Country from rotten wood at Kobo, 400 ft., 1-xii-II, and there is a specimen in Gebien’s collection from Phuc Son in Annam. Platydema alticornis, n. sp. (Plate xliii, figs. 4, 4a.) Moulmein (Tenasserim), 16-xi-II. One specimen. A somewhat flatter insect than P. aurimaculaia, black through- out, and distinguished from all known species cf the genus by the erect horn above the left eye. Length 5'5 mm. The head is roughly semicircular, but is slightly angular in the middle line in front. It is polished and punctured throughout. Its margin is raised; the area between the eyes is depressed, and from this depression a pair of arched grooves extends forwards on either side of a slightly higher circular area. Behind the depres- sion the surface is elevated to about the level of the pronotum, and on either side of it is a tubercle—a low one with approximately rectangular apex on the right side, and a tall erect one, ending in a tuft of hair, on the left. The pronotum is closely punctured but less highly polished than the head. It bears a very indistinct median groove, with a pair of depressions on either side of it against the posterior margin. The elytra are also somewhat dull; they bear rows of punctures arranged as in P. aurimaculata but much more deeply impressed. The lower surface of the head is rugose in front and punctured behind. 1915.] F. H. GRAVELY : Coleoptera, IX. 525 The prosternum is keeled in the middle line and coarsely punctured in front of the coxae. The mesosternum is hidden. The metasternum is strongly grooved in the middle-line, smooth, with a few punctures laterally. The abdominal sterna are punc- tured. The third joint of the antenna is long and slender, the fourth is shorter and thicker; from the fifth onwards the joints are of equal breadth. The femora of all the /egs are more or less swollen; the tibiae are broader distally than at the base. The tarsi are finely spinulose. Ceropria induta, Wied. This species is recorded from ‘‘ India and the Malay Archi- pelago.’’ Gebien’s collection and ours show that its range extends from Japan and the eastern limits of the Oriental Region to Nepal in the Himalayas; but in neither of these collections are there specimens from the Indian Peninsula. Mr. Kemp found the species in rotten wood and under bark in the Abor Country at Kobo, 4oo ft. (5-xii-11); at Janakmukh, 600 ft. (17-xii-II); at Yembung, I1oo ft. (Jan. and Feb., 1912); at Rotung, 1400 ft. (28-xii-1I); at Kalek, 3800 ft. (29-xii-11) ; and above Pangi, 4000 ft. (16-i-12); he also found it at Sadiya in N.-EK. Assam (25—26-xi-11), and Mr. Coggin Brown found it at Puging, 3000 ft. in the Abor Country (Feb., 1912). I found specimens of an unusually pale violet colour at Moulmein, Lower Burma, 16-xi-11. We have others of this colour from Mungphu in the Darjeeling District. Ceropria subocellata, Cast. and Brill. Gebien tells me that this species and C. /aticollis, Fairm. are identical. It is recorded from Java, Japan and Tonkin. Gebien has it also from Annam and ‘‘ Sikkim’’; and we have specimens from Buxa and Cachar as well as those obtained by Mr. Kemp in the Abor Country at Rotung, 1400 ft. (23-xii-1I) and from rotten wood at Yembung, 1100 ft. (14-1-12). Uloma javana, Gebien.! Hitherto recorded only from Java. Mr. Kemp found it under stones and logs of wood at Kobo, 4o0 ft. (7-xii-I1), and at Rotung 1400 ft. (2I-xii-I1) in the Abor Country. Uloma orientalis, Cast. var. minor, Gebien.* Uloma orventalts , Cast., s. stry., is recorded only fron. Java. Its variety minor is recorded only from Borneo, but Gebien ! Described in Wiesbaden Fahrb. Ver. Natk. LXV, 1912, p. 234, since the publication of the ‘‘ Catalogue.”’ » Described in Sarawak Museum Fournal II, p. 28, since the publication of the ‘‘ Catalogue.” 526 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.. VIII, has specimens from Pengalengan, 4000 ft. in Java. Mr. Kemp obtained it from under bark at Upper Rotung in the Abor Coun- try (6-i-12), and I-obtained it at Sukli, 2100 ft., on the eastern slope of the Dawna Hills in Tenasserim in Nov. Igrl. Alphitobius (Diaclina) quadrimaculatus, Gebien.' Hitherto recorded from Formosa, the Philippines, Madura, and E. Java. Mr. Kemp found it in rotten wood and under bark at Kobo, 4oo ft. (I—2-xii-1I), and at Rotung, 1400 ft. (7—8-iii-12) in the Abor Country. Eutochia lateralis, Bot. The known range of this species extends from India to the Philippines. I found one specimen at Kawkareik in Tennasserim. Setenis laevis, Fairm. This species is recorded from ‘‘ Sikkim.’’ Gebien’s collec- tion and ours include specimens from the Darjeeling District, Assam, Burma and Tonkin. Mr. Kemp found specimens under bark in the Abor Country above Pangi, 4000 ft. (16-i-12) as well as at Sadiya in N.-K. Assam (26-xi-I1). Setenis indosinica, Fairm. This species is only recorded from Indo-China. Our collection shows that it occurs in the Darjeeling District, Assam (Sibsagar and Cachar) and Burma (Tavoy) as well. Mr. Kemp found it under bark at Sadiya in N.-E. Assam (26-xi-11), and at Kobo, 400 ft. (8-xii-11) and Rotung r4oo ft. (28-xii-11) in the Abor Country. Setenis crenatostriata, Motsch. This species is recorded from Burma. I obtained it at Moul- mein in that country. The Indian Museum collection also con- tains a specimen from Sibsagar in Assam, and Gebien’s collection one from ‘‘Sikkim.’’ Setenis kempi, n. sp. (Plate xliii, fig. 6.) Described from specimens collected by Mr. Kemp from rotten wood at Janakmukh, Abor Country, 600 ft., and from specimens collected by Mr. S. E. Peal and the Indian Museum collector in Sibsagar, Assam. | The distribution of this species is indicated by Gebien in his paper on the Tenebrionidae of Formosa, Arch. Naturg. LX XIX (A), p. 26, 1913. 1 have been unable to trace the original description. IQI5.] F. H. GRAVELY : Coleoptera, IX. 527 Length 23°0-28°5 mm. Like S. dentipes,’ Gebien, above and below, but with less distinctly striate elytra. The appendages also resemble those of S. dentipes, except that the tooth on the posterior femur, which is perhaps hardly as strong in the male, is absent in the female. Tonkinius striatipennis, n. sp. (Plate xliti, fig. 8.) Above Pangi, 4000 ft., Abor Country, 16-i-12. One speci- men found under bark. A dull black insect, not unlike T. sculptilis, Fairm., in general appearance. Length 17 mm. The head resembles that of T. sculptils. The pronotum is slightly broader than in that species, and has more evenly rounded sides. ‘The median groove is complete and very pronounced. On either side of this groove the pronotum is thrown into four distinct longitudinal ridges of which the outer- most does not reach the posterior margin. The scutellum resembles that of T. sculptilts. The grooves of the elytra are very broad and dull, with large shallow punctures; all the ridges between them are keeled, the third and fourth being polished and somewhat more pronounced than the others. The lower surface of the body, the antennae and the legs resemble those of T. sculptilts. Encyalesthus exularis, Geb. Gebien based his description of this species (Arch. Naturg. I.XXIX (A), 1913, pp. 31-32) on specimens collected by Dr. Sauter in Formosa, and on those collected by Mr. Kemp from under bark at Sadiya in N.-K. Assam (2I-xi-II) and at Rotung, 1400 ft., in the Abor Country (28-xii-II). Encyalesthus stevensi, n. sp. (Plate xliii, fig. 5.) Dejoo, base of hills, North Lakhimpur. One specimen, collect- ed by Mr. Stevens. A black Setenis-like insect. Length 18:2 mm. The head is longer in front of the eyes than is that of E. exularts, and is lightly concave in front of the canthus. Its surface is more finely punctured, and the eyes do not extend so far back. The pronotum is somewhat flatter and more coarsely punctured than is that of E. exularis which it resembles in other respects. ! Described in Sarawak Museum Fournal I, pp. 35-37) pl. 1, fig. 9, since the publication of the ‘‘ Catalogue.”’ 528 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vo.. VIII, The scutellum is triangular as in LE. exularis. The elyiva lack the metallic sheen found in that species, and the punctures in the striae are finer. The sterna resemble those of FE. exularts. The antennae are somewhat slenderer than are those of E. exularis, all joints being at least as long as broad. The femora of all the /egs are stouter at the base, and less distinctly swollen distally than inthat species. Otherwise the legs are much the same. Derosphaerus rugosus, n. sp. (Plate xliii, fig. 7.) Sibsagar; Dejoo, base of hills, North Lakhimpur; Rotung, Abor Country, 1400 ft., 24-xii-rI, in rotten wood. Numerous specimens from each of the two last-named localities. An elongate, polished, black insect, very like Derosphaerus (?Encyalesthus) impressus, Walker, in general appearance, but smaller and more strongly rugose. Length 10°8-15°0 mm. The head resembles that of D. impressus, except that it is not more coarsely punctured between and behind the eyes than it is in front of them. The pronotum is somewhat broader in proportion to its length than in that species, being distinctly broader than long. Its punctures are finer near the middle, and the whole surface is rugose laterally. The anterior angles are somewhat more prominent. The median groove is distinct in front but is often absent behind; on either side of it, and about twice as far from it as from the lateral margin, is another groove parallel to it. The marginal groove is complete, except across the middle in front; it is further from the posterior than from the lateral and anterior margins. The scutellum and elytra resemble those of D.impressus, except that the lines of punctures on the elytra are more sharply defined and laterally are even larger. The pro- and mesosterna resemble those of D. impressus in form; they are somewhat variable in texture. The metasternum is very finely rugose. ‘The first abdominal segment is somewhat more distinctly rugose laterally, the second throughout, and the third in its anterior half. Behind this the sterna are finely punctured. The antennae are relatively shorter than in D. impressus, the central joints of the club being only about half as long as broad. The Jegs resemble those of that species. Catapiestus indicus, Fairmaire. This species was first described from Kanara, and was recorded in the same paper as occurring in Sikkim also. We have it from the Abor Country (Kobo, 400 ft., I-xii-II and 30-ili-12; Rotung, 1400 ft., 8-iii-12); N.-E. Burma (Pum-pa-taung, 3600 it.) ; Tenas- serim (Misty Hollow, Dawna Hills, ca. 2200 ft.; Third Camp, W. IQI5.] a F. H. GRAVELY : Coleoptera, IX. 529 base of Dawna Hills; and Tavoy); and from Cochin (Parambiku- lam, ca. 1700 ft.). Specimens were found in all stages under the bark of a fallen tree-trunk at the last-named locality (see Rec. Ind. Mus. XI, p. 363, 1915). Menephilus aborensis, n. sp. (Plate xliii, fig. 9.) Rotung, Abor Country, 1400 ft., 23-xli-I1; three specimens from rotten wood. A black, slender beetle not unlike M.medius, Mars., but much smaller. Length 10-11 mm. The head is somewhat longer in front of the eyes than in M. medius, and is punctured all over; otherwise it is very similar. The pronotum resembles that of M. medius in form, but is punctured all over like the head. The striae of the elytra are somewhat deeper than in that species. The lower surface of the body differs from that of M. medius only in being somewhat more strongly punctured. The antennae are slightly shorter and stouter than in M. medtus. The tibiae of all the /egs are practically straight. Toxicum assamense, Pic. (Plate xliv, figs. Io, 10a.) This species was first described’ from Assam. Gebien has it from ‘‘Sikkim’’. We have it from the Dafla Hills (Dikrang Valley); Assam (Sibsagar and Sadiya); the Abor Country (Janak- mukh, 600 ft., 18-xii-II; above Pangi, 4000 ft., 16-i-12; Yembung, 1100 ft., 14-i-12; below Dosing, 1400 ft., 29-i-12; Rotung, 1400 ft., 28-xii-II—under bark andin rotten wood), and the Chinese frontier of North East Burma (Sansi Gorge, 6000-8000 ft.) ; and there are specimens in the Pusa collection from the Khasi Hills (1000-3000 ft.) and the Bengal Duars (Buxa). The description is not a satis- fying one and is not accompanied by figures. Gebien has, however, examined the type, and assures me that the specimens referred to above are correctly named. I therefore take this opportunity of figuring the species. Anthracias fairmairei, Gebien. Mr. Kemp found this species under bark at Rotung, Abort Country, 1400 ft., 28-xii-r1. It is represented in Gebien’s collec- tion by specimens from Batavia and from North Borneo. Anthracias punctipennis, n. sp. (Plate xliv, figs. II, IIa.) Abor Country (Rotung, 1400 ft., 28-29-xii-11; above Pangi, 4000 ft., 16-i-12). Numerous specimens found under bark. | Mélanges Exotico-Entomologiques, fasc. 6, Moulins, July 12, 1913. 530 Records of the Indian Museum. [VoL. VIII, A slender, dull black insect allied to A’. fairmaire:, Gebien, and A!. tenuis, Fairmaire, but differing from both in that the head is usually, like the rest of the body, unpolished. Length, 7 8:3-9'9, 9? 9°8-II°O mm. The head in all forms resembles that of A. fatrmaire:, but is somewhat more rounded in front, is not or only slightly polished, and is perhaps even more closely punctured. The horns, too, are somewhat stouter than in that species. The anterior angles of the pronotum are less prominent than in A. fairmairet, and the whole upper surface of the pronotum is more closely punctured. The scutellum is punctured and about as long as broad. The elytva are marked with numerous punctures arranged somewhat irregularly in double or treble rows. In this respect they resemble A. fenuts rather than A. fatymazret. The lower surface resembles that of A. fairmairei, but is some- what more strongly punctured. The antennae and legs resemble those of A. faiymazrer, but the first joint of the antennal club is transversely rectangular rather than triangular. Leptoscapha’® pulchra, n. sp. (Plate =xliv, fic. 13.) Kalek, Abor Country, 3800 ft., 29-xii-11, several specimens found under bark. This is the first record of the occurrence of the genus outside Madagascar. A slender, parallel-sided, almost Erotylid-like beetle, with reddish head and pronotum, and yellow-tipped dark metallic green or violet elytra, each crossed by a somewhat irregular yellow band. Length 3°5-4°7 mm. The head is very like that of L. sfissicornis in form, but does not bear such distinct sutures. The fronotum is also very like that of L. spissicornis, but its sides are somewhat more nearly parallel. The sides of the elytva are straight, not lightly convex as in L. spissicornis. The mesothoracic episterna and metathoracic sternum and epis- terna are closely and strongly, the abdominal sterna very finely punctured. In other respects the lower surface resembies that of L. sptssicornes. The antennae are black, more or less tipped with red at either end. ‘They are 11I-jointed. The first joint is a little longer and thicker than the second, which is the shortest of all. The next three or four joints are gradually thickened, the rest are uniformly thick. The terminal joint is oval and about twice as long as broad. l Toxicum in Gebien’s ‘‘ Catalogue.” 2 Gebien has pointed out to me that this genus belongs not to the Ulominae, as he supposed (following Fairmaire) when his catalogue was prepared, but to the Tenebrioninae. 1915. | F. H. GRAVELY : Coleoptera, IX. 531 The right mandible is laminar in front of the molar tooth. It is faintly bifid at the tip, and has a well-marked dorsal tooth above the hairy and ventrally directed anterior end of the mandible-sac. The left mandible resembles the right in shape, but is perhaps a little more distinctly bifid at the apex and has the dorsal tooth less distinct. The lacina of the maxilla is slender; the galea is about 24 times as broad and extends somewhat further forwards; the terminal bristles are scarcely as stout on the former as on the latter; both bear a dorsal row of long hairs, the former almost along the inner edge, the latter obliquely across the surface. The three proximal joints of the palp are rather short and are together about equal in length to the broader terminal joint, which is more or less barrel-shaped but is obliquely truncate distally. The /abrum is short and very broad; its palps resemble those of the maxilla, but have one joint less and have the terminal joint somewhat slenderer and vertically truncate. The mentum is transverse, with a pair of lateral horns directed obliquely forwards. The legs are yellowish; all the femora are somewhat swollen. The tibiae are broader at their distal than at their proximal ends. The tarsi are finely spinulose beneath. Leptoscapha lignicola, n. sp. (Plate xliv, fig. 12.) Kobo, Abor Country, 400 ft., 8-xil-Ir. One specimen found in rotten wood. A somewhat more elliptical and more uniformly coloured insect than the last; head and pronotum reddish, the posterior margin of the latter tinged with black; elytra blackish with a reddish tinge in the position of the yellow band of the preceding species and less definitely behind this. Length 4.0 mm. The head and pronotum somewhat resemble those of the pre- ceding species, but the latter is broader in proportion to its length, especially behind, and there are some differences in detail as will be seen on comparing figures 12 and 13 (pl. xliv). The etytra are almost parallel sided—more so thanin L. spzss¢- cornis, but less so than in L. pulchra; they are distinctly broader than in L. pulchra. The dower surface of the body is very finely and almost unt- formly punctured; otherwise it resembles that of L. spissicornis and L. pulchra. The antennae and legs resemble those of L. pulchella in structure, but are uniformly brownish in colour. Lyprops curticollis, Fairm. One specimen was collected by Mr. W. K. Webb at Gopaldhara, Rungbong Valley, Darjeeling District, who passed it on to Mr. Stevens. It is recorded in Gebien’s Catalogue from ‘‘ India. 532 Records of the Indian Museum. [Voy. VIII, Eucyrtus splendens, Lacord. This Himalayo-Malaysian species was found in the Abor Country in rotten wood at Yembung, 1100 ft., 14-i-12, and under bark at Rotung, 1400 ft., 28-xii-11. Tearchus annulipes, Kraatz. Specimens were found under bark in the Abor Country at Rotung, 1400 ft., 28 xii-r1, and near Kalek, 2500 ft., 15-iii-12. We have others from the Dikrang Valley in the Dafla Hills, and from Pum-pa-taung, 3600 ft., in north-east Burma. Amarygmus pilipes, Gebien.! Gebien recently described this species from specimens in his collection from Annam (Phuc Son) and Pegu, from specimens in our collection from the Ambherst District of Tenasserim (Third Camp, Western base of Dawna Hills), and the Abor Country (Kobo, 400 ft., 6-xii-11; Yembung, 1100 ft., 14-i:12; and Rotung, [400 ft., 24-xii-11), and from specimens collected by Sauter in Formosa (Kosempo, Taihorin, Fuhosho). We have additional specimens from Tavoy, Harmutti at the base of the Dafla Hills, and the Dikrang Valley in the Dafla Hills. Dietysus filicornis, n. sp. (Plate xliv, fig. 14.) Three specimens were collected in the Abor Country—one from under bark at Rotung, 1400 ft., 28-xii-11, and one from under bark and one from rotten wood at Kobo, 400 ft., 1-8-xti-I1. A compact, ovate, black beetle with slender legs and anten- nae. Length 9'4-10°6 mm. The head is more or less obscurely punctured, scarcely if at all convex between the eyes, slightly depressed behind the rectangular clypeus which is about twice as broad as long. The canthus is more or less elevated over the base of each antenna, which is dis- tinctly dorsal in position. The clypeus and labrum are separated by a transverse band of pale brown chitin. The labrum, which is somewhat hairy, is nearly as wide as the clypeus and less than half as long; its anterior margin is scarcely convex, its angles are strongly rounded. The suture between the clypeus and the frons is partly or entirely obsolete. The somewhat obscurely punctured pronotum is a little broader than long in front, nearly twice as broad as long behind. Its sides are convex. Its convex dorsal surface is limited in all directions by a fine marginal groove. The scutellum is equilaterally triangular. 1 Described in Arch. Naturg. LXXIX (A), 1913, pp. 42-44, text-fig. 11, since the publication of the ‘‘ Catalogue.” 1915. | F. H. GravELy : Coleoptera, IX. 533 The elytra are striate but not punctate. The ridges between the grooves are narrowed behind, all extending right back into the posterior angles of their respective elytra. The prosternum is bluntly but very strongly transversely keeled in front of the anterior coxae; it is longitudinally grooved in the middle between them. On either side of the groove it is somewhat angular above the abrupt posterior declivity. Both prosternum and mesosteynum are strongly punctured. The metasternum is unpunctured, but is longitudinally grooved in the middle line. The abdominal sterna are somewhat sparsely punctured or finely and indistinctly rugose. The antennae are II-jointed. The first joint is pear-shaped and about as long as the third joint, which is slender and almost cylindrical. The second joint is only about as long as wide. The fourth, fifth and sixth joints are slender and are about equal in length; any two of them would be together about equal to the second and third joints together. The remaining joints are of about the same length as these, but are thicker distally. _ The Jegs are all slender. The femora and tibiae are uniformly black; the tarsi are somewhat reddish. Dietysus nodicornis, n. sp. (Plate xliv, fig. 15.) One specimen was found under bark at Rotung, 1400 ft.,in the Abor Country, 23-xti-II. Very like the preceding in general appearance, but much larger. Its antennae, too, are stouter and moniliform. Length 14°3 mm. The head resembles that of D. filicornis, but the band between the clypeus and labrum is black, not brown, and thesuture between the clypeus and frons is clearly defined. Both head and pronotum are very distinctly punctured. The latter resembles that of D. filtcornis in form. The scutellum and the plates of the lower surface also resemble those of D. filicornis. The elytva are somewhat more parallel-sided in front than in that species. They are similarly grooved, but the ridges between the grooves appear slightly more convex. The first joint of the antenna resembles that of D. filecornts ; the second is somewhat stouter than in that species; the third is somewhat abruptly swollen at the distal end. The fourth joint is about half as long as the third; its proximal end is somewhat thinner and its distal end somewhat thicker than are the corres- ponding ends of the third joint. The fifth joint resembles the fourth, but is only about two-thirds of its size. The sixth joint is about equal to the fourth in length, but is almost cylindrical in its proximal half, swelling out to resemble the fifth joint distally. The next four joints are about equally long, but enlarge gradually from base to apex. The terminal joint is similar, but is obliquely 534 Records of the Indian Museum. (VoL. Vit: truncate distally, the lower surface being long, the dorsal shorter and about equal in length to the truncation which meets the lower surface in an acute angle forming the apex of the antenna. The legs resemble those of D. filscornis. Dietysus [atifrons, n. sp. (Plate xliv, fig. 16.) A single specimen was found under bark at Kobo, 400 ft., in the Abor Country, 8-xii-rr. A somewhat more glossy insect than the two preceding, with somewhat slender antennae, and ringed femora. Length 10°3 mm. The head resembles that of D. filicornis except that it is much broader and perhaps a little smoother. The fronotum is somewhat broader in front than in that species, and is obscurely grooved in the middle line. The scutellum is shorter than in the two preceding species, and its sides are lightly convex. The elytra resemble those of D. nodicornis in shape but their grooves are punctate and more lightly impressed. The areas between the grooves are flattened. The central (5th) of these areas on each elytron extends only about two-thirds of the way from the base to the tip; there is no crowding in the posterior angle as in the two preceding species. The transverse keel of the frosternum in front of the anterior coxae, and the median groove between them, are less pronounced than in the preceding species. The keel sends back a median process into the groove, and the sides of the latter are not angulate. Both prosiernum and mesosternum are smooth and polished. The metasternum and abdominal sterna resemble those of the two preceding species. The antennae resemble those of D. filicornis, but are uniformly stouter, the penultimate joints being a little less, instead of a little more, than twice as long as broad. The legs differ from those of the D. filicornis and D. nodicornis in that the femora are more distinctly swollen distally, and are banded with yellow below the apex. Strongylium stevensi, n. sp. (Plate sdivs hig s27-) Two specimens were found by Mr. Stevens at Dejoo, base of hills, N. Lakhimpur, 29-vi-io. A glossy, hard-shelled, dark green insect, not unlike S. sobri- num in general appearance, but much larger. Length 18-19 mm. The head resembles that of S. sobrinum. The width between the eyes is variable as in that species. The pronotum also resembles that of S. sobrinum; but its anterior marginal rim is scarcely at all enlarged in the middle. 1915. | F. H. GRAVELY : Coleoptera, IX. 535 The scutellum is scarcely as long as in that species. The elytra are less coarsely punctured and less distinctly undulated. The prosternum is narrower between the coxae than in S. sobrinum. The remaining plates of the lower surface are similar to those of that species. The antennae are filiform, the third and fourth joints distinctly longer than the rest. The /Jegs of both specimens resemble those of the female of S. sobrinum, but are more strongly punctured. Strongylium sobrinum, Dohrn. A number of specimens of this Himalayan species were col- lected by Mr. Stevens at Dejoo, base of hills, North Lakhimpur, Assam, in June and July, r9g10. Another specimen in Mr. Stevens’ collection was obtained by Mr. W. K. Webb at Gopaldhara, Rungbong Valley, Darjeeling District. The Museum collection includes specimens collected by Peal in Sibsagar. Strongylium cultellatum, Makl. Two specimens were collected by Mr. Stevens at Silonbari, base of hills, North Lakhimpur, in May and June, rort. Strongylium westermanni, Makl. Mr. Stevens collected a specimen at Dejoo, base of hills, North Lakhimpur, in July, r9r0. The Indian Museum has one from Sibsagar. Strongylium curvicomis, n. sp. (Plate xliv, figs. 18, 18a.) Four specimens were collected by Mr. Stevens at Dejoo, base of hills, North Lakhimpur, in June and July, rgro. A glossy, olivaceous insect, covered with decumbent yellow- ish-white hairs which are grouped in small patches on the elytra. Length 16°0-17°5 mm. The head differs structurally from that of C. westermanni only in its more swollen clypeus and larger, rounder and less transverse eyes accompanied by a longer canthus; it is perhaps a little more coarsely punctured The hairs both upon the head and upon other patts of the body differ from those of C. westermanni in being decumbent and more or less curved. The pronotum is a little more coarsely punctured than in C. westermannt, and its anterior marginal rim is not enlarged in the middle as in that species. Its proportions vary from scarcely as broad as long, to a little broader than long. The scutellum is triangular as in C. westermanni. The elytra are a little more prominent at the shoulders than in C. westermanni; their rows of punctures are much more pro- 536 Records of the Indian Museum. f{Voy,. VIII, 1915.] nounced, the punctures themselves being coarser, and the fine hair- bearing punctures on the intervening ridges confined to numerous small scattered patches. The plates of the lower surface are more strongly punctured and hairy than in C. westermanni, as well as being greener in colour like the dorsal surface. Otherwise they are alike in the two species. The antennae of the female are very broad and flat distally. The widening commences at the fifth joint, which is nearly half as wide distally as it is long. The sixth and seventh joints are suc- cessively shorter and broader; the eighth, ninth and tenth, which are shorter and broader still, are each about as wide distally as they are long. The apical joint is of about the same length but is a little narrower and is pointed at the apex. The antennae of the male are broken, but the basal joints are slenderer, and the widening is scarcely recognizable before the sixth joint. The legs resemble those of S. westermanni except in their greener colour, stronger puncturing, and decumbent hair, and in the fact that the anterior tibiae of the male are somewhat less strongly curved and are slightly swollen below the middle. eee petiaag cian | Kony EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIII. Dichraeosis capucinus, n. sp. X 6. Byrsax tuberculatus, n. sp. X 8. Platydema aurimaculata, n. sp. X 8. a alticornis, nu. sp. X Q; @, head and pro- thorax of same. Encyalesthus stevensi, n. sp. X 2°5. Setenis kempi, n. sp. & X I'5. Derosphaerus rugosus, 0. sp. X 4. Tonkinius striatipennts, n. sp. X 3. Menephilus aborensis, n. sp. X 5. Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. VI, 1915. (Abor Exp.) Plate XLIIL. D.N. Bagchi, del. Bemrose, Collo., Derby. ABOR TENEBRIONIDAE. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIV. Toxicum assamense, Pic, 2 X 3; a, headof o. Anthracias punctibennis, n. sp. 2 X 4°53 4, head of o. Leptoscapha lignicola, n. sp. X 12°5. Ri pulchra, n. sp. X Il. Dietysus filtcornis, n. sp. X 3°5. a nodtcornts, n. sp. antenna X 6. ee latifrons, n. sp. X 3°5. Strongylinm stevensi, n. sp. X% 2°5. a curvicomis, n. sp. X 3; a,frontleg of a. Plate XLIV. Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol.VIU, 1915. (Abor Exp) Bemrose, Collo.,Derby D. N. Bagchi, del. ABOR TENEBRIONIDAE. ee X LIT. MOLBUSCAD Vv. By H. B. Presron, F.Z.S, The specimens upon which the present short paper is written form part of the collections made during the late punitive expedi- tion to the Abor country, and by Mr. F. H. Gravely in Lower Burma; though, with the exception of the five new species, there is nothing to call for especial notice, the majority being merely included in order to record their presence in the districts through which the expedition passed. Of the new species, the two which are the most noticeable are Paludomus rotungensis and Diplom- matina perobesa, the former as being by far the smallest true Paludomus to have yet been diagnosed, and the latter for its somewhat peculiar pagodiform appearance. Clas GASTROPODA. Order PULMONATA. Family ZONITIDAE. Sarika consepta (Benson). (Helix), Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3) V1, 1860, p. 190; XI, 1863, p. 320. Kobo, at an altitude of 400 ft., in rotten wood (S. W. Kemp). Holkeion anceps (Gld.). (Caracolla), Boston Fourn. Nat. Hist., IV, 1844, p. 454, pl. xxiv, fig. 4. Moulmein, Lower Burma (F. H. Gravely). Family HELICIDAE. Chloritis gabata (Gid.) var. merguiensis (Philippi). (Helix mergutensis), Zeits. Malak., Il, 1846, p. 192. Myawadi, Burmo-Siamese Frontier, Amherst district, Lower Burma (F. H. Gravely). Plectotropis austeni, sp. n. Shell conically turbinate, light reddish-brown , whorls 63, regularly increasing, the last descending a little in front and broadly 538 Records of the Indian Museum. RYCLOREAVOG 0 be and roundedly carinate at the periphery, the first two polished, shining, sculptured with fine, raised, spiral striae, the remainder of a roughish texture, marked with irregular, fine, oblique, trans- verse striae ; suture impressed ; W base of shell somewhat convex, sculptured as on the lower AM ws : . ii ) EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLIX. Rotungus pictus, gen. et sp. n. . I.—Dorsal view of the cephalon. 2.—Anterior view of the cephalon. 3.—Right antenna. 4.—First maxilla, terminal portions of the outer and inner lobes. 5.—First mesosomatic segment and cephalon. 6.—Left maxillipede, terminal portion. 7.—First left thoracic appendage. 8.—Types of setae present on the 4th joint of the 2nd thoracic appendage. 9.—Left uropod, dorsal view. 10.—Last metasomatic segment, telson and uropoda. Rec. Ind. Mus., Vol. VIII, 1916. Plate XLIX. H.G.K. del. A.Chowdhary, lith. ROrUNGUS PICTUS, gen. et. sp.nov. EXPLANATION? OB] PLATE 1 Cubaris marmoratus, n. sp. . I.—Dorsal view of the cephalon. 2.—Anterior view of the cephalon. 3.—Right antenna. 4.—Lateral portion of Ist and 2nd mesosomatic segments showing notch and groove on the inner border of the under side. 5.—Border of the Ist mesosomatic segment seen from the under side. 6.—Maxillipede, terminal portion. 7.—Right uropod, dorsal view. 8.—Last metasomatic segment, uropoda and telson. Rec. Ind. Mus.,Vol. VII, 1916. . Plate L. H.G. K. del. A. Chowdhary, lith. CUBARIS MARMORATUS,n sp. j i = ¥ ¥ v ‘e \ : \ s 7a J i. iy rf ~ a ; Yah r ae ‘ * hI 4° 1 - 1 1 \ * - | a ay i : ve 2 . : « : 7 ‘ ; q . 4 : a. 1 * i 5 » SOL V. (MO, Ll, Us Carvel By Ur.-Colone, H. H. Gopwin-Austen, F.R.S. (Plates XLV—XLVIII). From the malacological point of view this contribution to the Land Molluscan fauna of the Abor country is perhaps the most interesting one as the result of Mr. Stanley Kemp’s collecting when attached as naturalist to the punitive force which entered the country in 1911-12. I much regret the delay in its publica- tion, that expedition having almost become ancient history. So much of what he discovered was preserved in spirit, that the details of anatomy have absorbed much time, and could only be taken up in the intervals of other work. This part treats of the slug-like forms and among them it is surprising how many discovered in this far-off corner of Assam and the Eastern Himalaya prove to be new. Ihave taken the opportu- nity of including one species from the Singpho country south of the Brahmaputra. The species are fully figured, and comparison has been made with the genera and species previously known from the mountain ranges on the west. The photographs of the animals have been made by my friend and neighbour Mr. J. S. Gladstone, and I think it can be said are beautifully done, the epidermal detail is shewn to perfection and in a way these creatures have seldom been illustrated before; much beautiful detail has however been lost in reproduction. I am much indebted to him for the pains and interest he took over the plates, and I am sure all those interested in this group of the Mollusca will feel that they greatly add to the value of the contribution There remain to be figured some species of Macrochlamys and Oxytes with Micro-Helices that are very difficult to locate generi- cally. The virgin forests of this part of the world are full of them and they have not yet been properly looked for—they have generally been taken accidentally, often inside the empty shells of the larger species. The very large number of species is remarkable, and as a series they differ very much from what has been hitherto collected on the south face of the Eastern Himalayas. This can be partly accounted for by the thorough systematic way Mr. Stanley Kemp worked. His method of searching behind the overlapping leaves of the Plantain may be mentioned, and was quite an original idea. Some of the species he obtained may therefore be looked for in this rather restricted resort, further to the west of the Abor Hills, and also south of the Brahmaputra valley. cc 548 Records of the Indian Museum. (Vor. VIIE,; Family ZONITIDAE. Subfamily HELICARIONINAE. Genus Cryptaustenia, Cockerell. Cryptaustenia bicolor, n. sp. (Plate xlv, figs. 12—r4). Locality.—Sadiya, Eastern Assam, No. 5982 (S. W. Kemp). This being a single specimen the shell has not been removed. Shell (fig. 14) very globose and depressed, thin, transparent and membranaceous, the black markings on the visceral sac are seen through it ; sculpture none, surface glassy, colour ochraceous green ; spire low, apex flatly rounded; suture very shallow; whorls 23, rapidly increasing ; aperture not to be seen with animal in the shell ; peristome thin. Size: major diameter 9'5, minor diameter 70, alt. axis 5°0 mm. The animal (figs. 12, 13) in spirit is 16 mm. in length, ground colour pale blue grey with black mottling on the side of the foot, this is in strong contrast to the ochraceous ground of both the right and left shell lobes, which are ornamented with distant spots and lines and a well papillated surface. Neither of these lobes are very large, and they would apparently leave a good deal of the shell showing in life. The left shell lobe lies well on the left side, it is narrow for some distance and just overlapping the edge of the peristome up to where the broad lobe is developed. Foot narrow, sole divided; the central area quite pale in colour, the outer margins grey. The mucous gland is narrow, vertically oval, no defined overhanging lobe. Edge of foot with narrow fringed margin and the usual two peripodial grooves. Genus Austenia, Nevill. Austenia aborense, n. sp. (Plate xlvi, figs. 2, 2a). Locality.—Rotung, Abor Hills, 31-xii-1r (S. W. Kemp). Shell chesnut brown, with white apex, spatulate, smooth shining, lines of growth indistinct. Whorls 2, the first very small, the last expanding rapidly. Size: major diameter 23, minor diameter 16 mm. This shell is very like A. t#gvis of Preston from the Naga Hills, and probably from the Eastern Naga. Mr. Kemp described it as follows: ‘‘Slug C,’’ 31-xii-11. Granulation of anterior part dull yellow with black interspaces. Mantle area dull brown, rather pale. _ Posterior portions pale dull brown with obscure or indistinct large brown or black flecks; inter- spaces of rugae black. Shell olive-green, a good deal exposed. Eyestalks very dark brown. Sole pale brown, its dorso-lateral margin vertically barred with pale brown and black. Common under bark, under stones and behind the leaf-stems of plantain.”’ 1916. | _ H. H. Gopwin-AustEen : Mollusca, VI. 549 The specimen sent home (No. 5928) is 46 mm. in length, very much contracted in the spirit and very hard, so that I have refrained from removing it or opening the body to view the genitalia. Colour darkish grey brown with indistinct mottling. Foot divided, the oblique grooving rising from the peripodial grooves is parallel and very closely arranged. The right shell lobe is small, dark grey, the left is very narrow, even in width all round the edges of the shell, which it overlaps, the absence of any expansion into a flap or lobe is noticeable to be seen in Austenta. The extremity of the foot is square, compressed at the side, with a narrow nearly vertical linear mucous gland. The dorsal lobe is rather small to the left and behind the respiratory orifice, the left is ample, cover- ing the neck and extending round to the left side. FriG. 1.—Austenia alba, n. sp. Animal view of right side; extremity of foot; shell from above and below ; shell removed showing the visceral sac. Austenia alba, n. sp. (Text-fig. 1). Locality.—Rotung 1,300 feet, Abor Hills, No. 5866 (S. W. Kemp). Shell ovate, spatulate, rather solid, apex much rounded, then arched; colour white, streaked transversely, strong lines of growth, right margin straight. Size: major diameter 6°5, minor diameter 4°0 mm. Animal only about 20 mm. in length, dark grey with a vinous tinge on the mantle lobes, some distant spotting on side of the foot behind. Foot white below, indistinctly divided, extremity EE EE 550 Records of the Indian Museum. POLE WAUUe square, mucous gland linear with a short overhanging lobe. The right and left shell lobes united cover the edge of the shell for a certain distance right round to the left posterior side, in life they probably conceal the whole shell. Foot keeled near the extremity for a short distance up to the depression in which the hinder part of the visceral sac rests. The peripodial margin grooves are narrow. ‘The visceral sac exposed when the shell is removed has a small hook-like coil which occupies the apex of the shell. The genitalia were not seen complete, they were very small and undeveloped. The radula formula 1s 30.2.12.1.12.2.30 or 44.1.44- The centre and admedian teeth of usual shape in the allied genera of Austenia and Givasia, but fewer than usual, the marginals curved Fig. 2.—Austenta styomensts, Nn. Sp. Animal view of right side; shell removed showing the visceral sac; shell rom above and below. and bicuspid. Jaw rather straight in front with a small central projection. Only three specimens were sent home of this species, the shell of which is very different from any I have seen before. One speci- men had lost the shell. The animal of the type shell removed and figured was dissected. They will go back to the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Austenia siyomensis, n. sp. (Text-fig. 2). Locality.—Damda, Siyom Valley, Abor Hills (S. W. Kemp). Shell broadly ovate, spatulate, bright and shiny; sculpture none, surface smooth with fine lines of growth; colour rich ochra- ceous ; spire flat, apex large, white and round; suture impressed ; Ig16. | H. H. Gopwin-AustEn : Moilusca, VI, 551 whorls 13, the first small, then rapidly increasing. Major diame- ter 8°5, minor 6 mm. Only one specimen (No. 5868) found, with other species under stones. The shell recalls A. votunda from Cachar but is much smaller and rounder. The colouration of the animal of this species is very similar to that of Givasia cacharica, G. A. (Moll. Ind., vol. i, p. 240, pl. lix, fig. 4), but the shell is very different. The animal is about 25 mm. long in spirit, very pale grey distantly and strongly spotted throughout, except on the head which is dark in colour. Sole of foot very pale and very indis- tinctly divided; the extremity square, mucous slit linear with a painted lobe above it. The right shell lobe oval, covering the apex of the shell, an indistinct cicatrix between it and the left shell lobe, which overlaps the edge of the shell considerably leay- ing a good deal of the surface uncovered. In life it would probably cover it entirely. Although a single specimen I had to remove the shell in order to figure it and then extract the buccal mass and generative organs. The visceral sac terminates in a complete whorl filling the apex of the shell. The genitalia were scarcely developed. The amatorial organ was seen. The radula has well pointed centre and admedian teeth, marginals unevenly bicuspid; the outermost are minute. The formula 40.3.13.1.13.3.40 or 56.1.56. Genus Girasia, Gray. Girasia maculosa, n. sp. (Plate xy, figs: 1 1a); Locahity.—Diyung Valley, Singpho Hills (WM. T. Ogle). A comparison of this animal (figs. 1, 1a), of which two speci- mens were secured, with G. hookeri of about the same size from Cachar, shows it to be distinct, although the differences are superficial, such as the mottling, the peripodial margin and grooves, papillation of the surface and the segmentation of the sole of the foot, this last is much stronger and very close together in the Diyung valley specimens. The larger animal measures 50 mm. in length, the smaller 25 mm.; in colour it is ochraceous with close dusky spots on the side of the foot with larger spots on the mantle. The shell removed from the smaller animal is very rudimen- tary, a mere epidermis, ruddy ochraceous in colour, covering a thin brittle calcareous layer which broke up on handling. Major diam. 14, breadth 5 mm., elongately oval, very thin on the outer margin. It has no defined apex and in this respect it differs from Girasta hookeri, as well as in not being so elongate and narrow. Differences sufficient even in the shell to constitute it a good species. The visceral sac shows no sign of a coil. 552 Records of the Indian Museum, [Vor. VIII, Girasia gladstonei, n. sp. (Plate xlv, figs. 7—1I1I). Locality.—Sadiya, Assam, 25-xi-11, No. 5869 (S. W. Kemp). Shell extremely rudimentary, thin and membranaceous, the apical portion only slightly thickened, very difficult to remove without tearing it. It has been left in the single specimen received. Colour rich ochraceous with a green tint. Size: major diameter 13, minor diameter 9 mm. The animal (figs. 7—10) much contracted in spirit, measures 48 mm. in length. The hinder part of the mantle rests in a deep V-shaped depression. The foot is well keeled and terminates in a nearly vertical narrow mucous gland (figs. 7and 8). The peripodial margin is well fringed, and from the usual two grooves above it emanate many close grooves directed obliquely upwards. The shell is completely hidden by the mantle, only exposed at the very small oval hole situated where the right and left shell lobes reach (fig. I1). From this opening a cicatrical line marks the uniting of these lobes, and it extends to the respiratory orifice. The sole of the foot is indistinctly divided. The dividing line of the left shell lobe and left dorsal lobe is also well seen. The mouth or oral aperture is beautifully displayed in this specimen (fig. 10). It slightly protrudes, a semicircle of over 20 lobulate organs lie above and on both sides of the jaw, while two large palps with a slit between them came in below and form the anterior portion of the odontophore. I name this species after Mr. J. S. Gladstone who has helped me so much in the illustrating of this paper. Genus Dihangia, nov. Dihangia koboensis, n. sp. (Plate xlv, figs. i—6a; pl. xlvi, figs. 4—40; pl. xlviii, figs. I—5). Locality.—Kobo, Assam (No. 5867) animal figured, and Sadiya (No. 5874-5) dissected (S. W. Kemp). Shell (figs. 6, 6a) ovately spatulate, broad, very flat, smooth, shiny as viewed from above, angular towards the apex; sculpture striation of growth only; colour umber brown; apex white; small, rounded ; whorls one, large and ample; peristome thin. Size? maj. diam.12°5 ;alivaxis) 5.5 mim, The shell recalls that of Givasia cacharica, G.~A., Moll. Ind., pl. lix, figs. 4a, 4b, also G. (Ibycus) sikimensis, G.-A., fig. 2b, but in both these it is much narrower in minor diameter. When the shell is removed the apical portion of the visceral sac (pl. xlviii, fig. 5) shows only a very slight remnant of the first whorl, and under the area which the shell covers are found the most vital organs, such as the heart, hermaphrodite gland and the branchial cavity. The visceral sac fills the whole of the foot up to within 1916, ] H. H. Gopwin-AustEN : Mollusca, VT. 553 to mm. of the extremity ; pl. xlviii, fig. 1 shows the packing of the alimentary and generative organs viewed from the right side. The penis is seen extruded from the generative aperture, this took place probably when the animal was put alive into the spirit. I have attempted to show its relative position to the rest of the genitalia when it is thus extended externally. The amatorial organ is present, not seen in fig. I, being below and on the other side, but in pl. xlviii, figs. 2 and 3 of the generative organs removed and more spread out, it is long and cylindrical. The spermatheca is an elongate sac, better seen in pl. xlviii, fig. 3 than it is in fig. 1. The heart, branchial cavity and the hermaphrodite gland and duct lie immediately under the shell, separated from the rest of the internal organs by a thin diaphram (pl. xlviii, fig. 4). Comparing the anatomy of Dihangia koboensis with that of Givasta hookeri, of the Khasi Hills, very distinctive, considerable and interesting differences are found, wide Moll. India, plate Ixxxvili, figs. 2—27, particularly noticeable in the position of the liver and intestines. These in the first genus are situated near the extremity of the foot, in the second they are underneath the shell and mantle. Another specimen was obtained at Sadiya (No. 5906), it is ‘figured on plate xlvi, figs. 4, 4a, 4b, the shell has been removed and the contraction of the animal differs much from the figures on plate xlv. Kobo is not in the mountainous Abor country but on the north bank of the Brahmaputra, 20 miles west of Sadiya. Genus Galongia, nov. Galongia kempi, n. sp. (Plate xlvi, figs. 3, 3a; pl. xlviii, figs. 6—10). Locality.—Rotung, 31-xii-II, common under stones (S. W. Kemp). Shell (pl. xlviii, figs. 7, 7a) minute, flat, spatulate, embryonic, seen from below it is solid not concave, and this represents, it seems to me, the protoconch; sculpture smooth, lines of growth only; colour pale ochraceous, white on apex; whorls only one; aperture very large and expanding, thin. Size: maj. diam. 2°7 mm. Description of animal when alive, by Mr. S. Kemp of his Slug D. ** General tone almost black, a very dark warm livid brown with very obscure black mottling. Margin of sole, in dorso-lateral view, indistinctly barred vertically with warm brown and black. When fully extended the anterior part of the body, immediately in front of the mantle, rather pale brown.” The animal (pl. xlviii, fig. 6), preserved in spirit, which was drawn measures 20 mm. but is much contracted, it is probably when fully extended 40 mm., the largest sent is 24 mm. and was ID SSSS/EA—aq—