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NATURAL
HISTORY SURVVf

NATURAL

HISTORY SURVtl

LIP^KY

„3 FIELDIANA • ZOOLOGY

Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

Volume 31 July 6, 1951 No. 46

REMARKS ON AND DESCRIPTIONS OF
SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS

Fritz Haas

Curator, Division of Lower Invertebrates

The material here dealt with was received at various times and
from various sources. Dr. Wolfgang Weyrauch of the staff of the
Museo Javier Prado, in Lima, Peru, not only placed at my disposition
most of the shells gathered by himself on his collecting trips through
Peru, but also allowed me to study the collection of Peruvian shells
of his Museum. Another important lot was sent to me by Mr.
Walter J. Eyerdam, of Seattle, Washington; it contained shells
collected by him in the little known, but highly interesting Rio
Pilcomayo region. Mr. R. Wright Barker, of Maracaibo, Venezuela,
favored me with gastropods and bivalves from the interior of that
country. Finally, a number of new or critical shells were contained
in the Walter F. Webb Collection of non-marine shells acquired
by Chicago Natural History Museum some years ago.

The study of so heterogeneous a lot of shells, with only their source
in South America in common, can result in nothing more than short
faunistic lists, critical remarks on imperfectly known species, and
descriptions of novelties, loosely following each other without
pretension of logical connection. It is hoped that even so they may
further our knowledge of South American land and fresh-water
mollusks.

LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSKS FROM NORTHWESTERN
VENEZUELA AND NEIGHBORING PARTS OF COLOMBIA

Mr. Barker has sent us, at various times, non-marine Venezuelan
shells that have a certain zoogeographical interest, though there is
only one novelty among them. Most of the material received
comes from the State of Zulia, one lot comes from the State of Lara
and another from the Department of Atlantico of Colombia, west
No. 669 503 THf UBRWT Of THf

JUL Z 0 195!

504 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

of Zulia. The majority of the shells presented were ampullarias,
and their classification cannot be final. The taxonomy of the
ampullariids is still in a confused condition, despite Kobelt's mono-
graph (1911-15), the studies by Alderson (1925), or the recent
publication by Pain (1946). It is evident that many of the described
"species" are merely environmental phases, not even subspecies, of
a comparatively restricted number of basic species. In this unsettled
state of affairs, I can do no better than attribute the Venezuelan
ampullariids at hand to the respective forms described and figured
by either Kobelt or Alderson, with no claim as to the correctness of
the resulting list of species.

The species received and the localities where they were collected
are as follows:

Dryptus pardalis Ferussac. Between San Antonio and San Cristobal, Los
Andes, Venezuela.

Oxystyla maracaibensis Pfeiffer, and the subsp. imitator Pilsbry. East of Ma-
chango, Zulia, Venezuela.

Bulimulus (Bulimulus) erectus Reeve. Toas Island, Zulia, Venezuela.

Subulina (Subulina) octona trochlea Pfeiffer. East of Machango, Zulia, Vene-
zuela.

Systrophia (Systrophiella) viridis H. B. Baker. Same locality.

Streptaxis (Streptartemon) glaber Pfeiffer. Same locality.

Ampullarius (Ampidlarius) guayanensis Lamarck, in the sense of Alderson.
Santa Rosa River, the Palmar River, and Lake Tule, all in Zulia, Vene-
zuela.

Ampullarius (Ampullarius) pulcher Gray, in the sense of Kobelt. Cachiri,
Palmar River; junction of Carlo Manuelote and the Socuy River, Zulia;
near Barquesimeto, Lara, Venezuela.

Ampullarius (Ampullarius) erroneus Nevill, in the sense of Kobelt. East of
Machango; Quebrada Dibujo, both in Zulia, Venezuela.

Ampullarius (Ampullarius) semitectus Mousson. Rio Chiquito, Quebrada
Lambadero, Zulia, Venezuela. First report of this Colombian species
from Venezuela.

Ampullarius (Ampullarius) superbus Marshall. Department of Atlantico,
Colombia; corresponds perfectly to the original description.

Ampidlarius (Limnopomus) interruptus Sowerby. Cogollo River, District of
Perija, Zulia, Venezuela.

Annularia (subgenus?) barkeri sp. nov. From a limestone cave in the Sierra
Cachiri, northwest of Maracaibo, Venezuela. (The description follows
at the end of this list.)

Polymesoda (Polymesoda) arctata Deshayes. Toas Island, Venezuela, and from
Palmarejo, north of Maracaibo, Venezuela.

Anodontites (Aywdontites) carinatus carinatus Dunker. Near El Consejo,
District of Bolivar, Zulia, and from the Santa Rosa River near Perija,
Zulia, Venezuela. First record of this species, known before only from
the Magdalena River system, from Venezuela.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 505

o

Annularia barkeri sp. nov. Figure 97.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30904, from a
limestone cave in the Sierra Cachiri, northwest of Maracaibo,
District of Mara, State of Zulia, Venezuela. Collected and presented
by R. Wright Barker.

Diagnosis. — A species of the genus Annularia, characterized by
lack of puncture, slit or sipho, restriction of spiral sculpture to the
umbilical wall, and the turret shape of the shell.

Comparisons. — Among the numerous species of Annularia, some
show combinations of two out of the three above-mentioned charac-

Fig. 97. Annularia barkeri sp. nov. C.N.H.M.
No. 30904, type, front view; about X 25.

teristic features of barkeri, but none unite all three. In the classifica-
tion of annulariids constructed by Henderson and Bartsch (1920),
no such combination was marked, and no subgeneric name is available
for it. In accordance with the criteria there set up, a new subgenus
would have to be created for our novelty. I do not consider these
criteria sufficient bases for the creation of a new subgeneric category.

Description of type. — Shell turrite, rather solid, densely ribbed;
waxy, with traces of bands; narrowly umbilicate; apex decollate,
the five remaining whorls gradually increasing in convexity, densely
ribbed; the ribs about half as wide as the spaces between them on
the earlier whorls, and as wide as these spaces on the last whorl;
suture distinct, crenulated; aperture oval, somewhat pointed above,
peristome continuous, double, the outer reflexed, especially on the
columella, where it is slightly wavy, covering the umbilicus almost
completely. A few delicate spiral lines on the umbilical wall. Faint
brown spiral bands encircle the whorls, two on the upper ones and
five on the last whorl; the first remaining whorl is purple on its upper

506 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

half and a purplish streak appears at the middle of the last whorl;
operculum typically annularid.

Measurements of type. — Height 15.6 mm., width 8.0 mm., height
of aperture 4.9 mm., width of aperture 3.9 mm.

Paratypes. — Five paratypes, No. 30905, with the same data as
the type. Among them is an immature not yet decollated specimen
that shows a smooth, waxy, depressed semiglobular apex; the number
of whorls is 63^ and since it lacks about V/i whorls for completion
of the growth, the entire number of the whorls has to be about
eight. Some of the adult or practically adult paratypes are entirely
waxy-white, without any purple whorls or streaks, and the spiral
bands are either seen in traces or are completely lacking.

Discussion. — To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report
of an Annularia from the South American mainland. I am happy
to be able to name such an important addition to our knowledge for
its collector, Mr. R. Wright Barker of Maracaibo, an ardent student
of molluscan life.

ON SOME BULIMULIDS FROM THE PILCOMAYO REGION, BOLIVIA

Preston (1907) described from the region of the Rio Pilcomayo,
Bolivia, two species of bulimulids that he attributed to the genus
Drymaeus, namely D. chacoensis (op. cit., p. 491, fig. 5), and D.
nigroumbilicatus (op. cit., p. 491, fig. 6). Chicago Natural History
Museum recently received from Mr. Walter J. Eyerdam specimens
of these two species and both prove to belong to the subgenus
Peronaeus of Bulimulus. Bulimulus (Peronaeus) nigroumbilicatus
is represented from two localities in the Bolivian Chaco, and from
south of San Pedro de Jujuy, Province of Jujuy, Argentina. This
is the first record of the species from outside of Bolivia. The material
at hand of Bulimulus (Peronaeus) chacoensis proves that Bulimulus
prosopidis Holmberg, 1912, also from the Rio Pilcomayo region, is
indistinguishable from chacoensis. Another species from that region
described by Holmberg (1909) is Bulimulus viatorum. A specimen
of what I believe to be this species was also received from Mr.
Eyerdam, who collected it at Palos Blancos near the Pilcomayo
River, in November, 1938; the study of its apical sculpture has
revealed that viatorum is also a species of the subgenus Peronaeus.

ON SOME EUROPEAN SLUGS INTRODUCED INTO SOUTH AMERICA

Milax (Milax) gagates Draparnaud has been collected by Dr.
W. Weyrauch in Tarata near Tacna, on the border between Peru

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 507

and Chile, at 3,100 meters altitude, and in Moho on Lake Titicaca,
Peru, at 3,900 meters altitude. I do not know whether this species
had been reported from these regions before. The Percy Sladen
Trust Expedition to Lake Titicaca, in 1937, did not report it from
the Titicaca region; however, M. gagates has been reported from
"Brazil" (J. W. Taylor, 1904).

Deroceras reticulatum Miiller, reported by Crawford (1939), has
been received from Yura, Department of Arequipa, Peru (collected
by Karl P. Schmidt, August 8, 1939), and from two other localities
where Dr. Weyrauch found it, namely, from Tarata near Tacna,
and from Lima.

Deroceras laeve andecola Orbigny is the only European slug that
has apparently evolved a new race under the new environmental
conditions in the Andes. It is already known from Peru from
numerous localities, to which I add Moho on Lake Titicaca. The
species is represented in Chicago Natural History Museum from
Tarata near Tacna (altitude 3,100 meters), on the border between
Peru and Chile.

REMARKS ON SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS

15 n I i m ul us (Protoglyptus) vestalis Albers. Figure 98.

Described in the Malakozoologische Blatter, 1 : 248, 1854, but not
figured, this species seems to have escaped later collectors, for the
few publications that mention it refer to the original description
and locality. Pilsbry, when preparing his monograph of the Buli-
mulidae in the Manual of Conchology, apparently had no specimens
of vestalis before him; he refers this species (1898, 11: 290) to the
genus Drymaeus, though the original diagnosis does not mention
the sculpture of the apical whorls. In the Walter F. Webb Collec-
tion, which is now being incorporated into the shell collection of
Chicago Natural History Museum, I found two specimens labelled
B. vestalis (No. 31424); they were received from the Zoological
Museum in Berlin and their original label states that they had be-
longed to the J. C. Albers Collection and that they had been collected
by Warczewicz in the valley of the Marafion in "Colombia." These
data accord with those given by Albers himself in his original descrip-
tion of vestalis and the shells themselves correspond so well with the
description that I believe them to be paratypes.

The smaller specimen is obviously still immature, whereas the
larger one displays the characters of maturity. Its measurements

508 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

are: height 19.0 mm., width 9.0 mm., height of aperture 8.5 mm.
Albers' type specimen measured 21.0 mm. in height and 9.5 mm. in
width.

From the sculpture of the apex, as seen in our figure 98, it becomes
evident that vestalis is not a Drymaeus, but a Bulimulus of the
subgenus Protoglyptus. The type locality nowadays is situated in

Fig. 98. Bulimulus (Protoglyptus) vestalis Albers. C.N.H.M. No. 31424,
paratype. A, Front view; about X 2. B, Apex from above; about X 30.

Peru, but Colombia once possessed and even today claims part of
the territory on the north bank of the River Maranon.

Bulimulus (PProtoglyptus) virgultorum Morelet

Bulimus virgultorum Morelet, 1863, Ser. Conch., 3: 194, pi. 10, fig. 1; L. Pfeiffer,

1868, Monogr. Helic. Viv., 6: 134.
Bulimulus (Mesembrinus) virgultorum Clessin, 1881, Nomencl. Helic. Viv.,

p. 244.
Bulimulus (Lissoacme) virgultorum Pilsbry, 1896, Man. Conch., (2), 10: 168,

pi. 49, figs. 15-22.
Drymaeus virgultorum Pilsbry, 1902, Man. Conch., (2), 14: 294; 1902, Man.

Conch., (2), Index, 10-14, Classif. Bulimulidae, p. xiv.

The list of synonyms and my own heading show that Morelet's
Bulimus virgultorum has been referred to under a wide variety of
names within the bulimulids. When I began to study the com-
paratively rich material of virgultorum in Chicago Natural History
Museum, I first agreed with Pilsbry's original decision to allocate
it to the subgenus Lissoacme of Bulimulus, and I was unable to

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 509

find supporting reasons for his later change of mind, according to
which virgultorum is really a Drymaeus, for I had not seen a speci-
men with the apical sculpture characteristic of this genus. It was
not until very recently that new material of virgultorum was received
from Peru, from Dr. Weyrauch personally, and, through his efforts,
from the Museo Javier Prado in Lima. While studying this, I was
surprised to find specimens with a definite apical sculpture, which
at once removed this species from Lissoacme, but which, on the
other hand, is very different from the evenly cancellate type seen
in Drymaeus. In fact, the sculpture observed consists only of thin,
low, straight vertical riblets separated by interstices about five or
six times wider and very minutely granular; in other words, its
characters are those of the subgenus Protoglyptus.

Most of the species of Protoglyptus are restricted to the eastern
part of South America, from the Caribbean islands to northwestern
Argentina, and only a few are thus far known from the Andean
region. These are weeksi Pilsbry, 1930, tubulaxis Pilsbry, 1930, and
subcostatus Haas, 1948. These Andean Protoglyptus, however, look
very different from virgultorum. I am, accordingly, by no means
sure that this last-named species really belongs to Protoglyptus. I
place it with this subgenus only tentatively and as a challenge for
further investigations.

The material at hand of Bulimulus (? Protoglyptus) virgultorum
Morelet consists of the following series:

A. Valle de Santa Ana, near Cuzco, Peru. Collected by Karl P. Schmidt,
1939. Four fresh specimens, all with smooth apices.

B. Sucre, near Cuzco, Peru. Museo Javier Prado, Lima, Peru. Four some-
what worn shells, three with smooth apices and one with costulate apex.

C. Huanta, Peru, 3,100 meters altitude. Collected by Dr. W. Weyrauch.
Two fresh specimens, one with smooth and one with costulate apex.

D. Huaquena, Peru, Valle Urubamba, 1,300 meters altitude. Collected by
Dr. W. Weyrauch. Thirteen fresh specimens, nine devoid of and four
with apical sculpture.

E. Anco, Peru, Rio Mantaro, 2,500 meters altitude. Collected by Dr.
W. Weyrauch. Eleven fresh specimens, five without and six with apical
sculpture.

F. Mejorada, Peru, Rio Mantaro, 2,900 meters altitude. Collected by Dr.
W. Weyrauch. Twenty-one fresh specimens, all with costulate apices.

G. "Peru." Museo Javier Prado, Lima, Peru. Six bleached and worn
specimens, all with sculptured apices.

H. "Peru." Museo Javier Prado, Lima, Peru. Six bleached specimens, all
with sculptured apices.

I. "Peru." Museo Javier Prado, Lima, Peru. Seven bleached and worn
specimens, all with sculptured apices.

510 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

The state of preservation of these 74 shells, as seen from the pre-
ceding list, varies greatly, some showing the apical parts fresh
and intact, some having them partly worn off, and others, finally,
presenting them in a state of disintegration, as result of which the
superficial calcareous layer of the nepionic shell has entirely dis-
appeared. The presence or the absence of an apical sculpture is
very much, but not entirely, in agreement with the conditions
described. Thus a definite sculpture of nblets whose upper erds
may even crenulate the suture, is mostly seen in the well-preserved
specimens, whereas those whose apices are partly worn off showed
only traces of this costulation; in the entirely disintegrated apices,
of course, no traces of a former costulation are left.

There are, however, a few cases in which the apices of fresh,
well-preserved shells are without any trace of an apical sculpture,
while other specimens from the same lot and of equally excellent
preservation showed in some cases a definite apical sculpture of
vertical riblets.

Bulimulus (Peronaeus) pupiformis Broderip

Two specimens of this species from the type locality, Huasco,
Chile, were received from the Museo Javier Prado in Lima. Whereas
the apex of one of these shells shows smooth apical whorls under
the microscope, the other presents a faint and densely set spiral
striation on the first two whorls, comparable with that of the sub-
genus Scansicohlea Pilsbry. If further research proves that the
spiral striation on the apex of pupiformis is the primary stage and
that the smoothness seen in other specimens of this species is only
secondary, being the result of superficial disintegration of the oldest
whorls, then the subgeneric name Peronaeus Albers, 1850, typified
with P. pupiformis by E. von Martens, 1860, would become the
name applicable for those spirally striated species for which Pilsbry
created the name Scansicohlea in 1930, and a new subgeneric name
would be needed for the smooth species of Bulimulus, which are
still assembled under the name of Peronaeus.

Thaumastus (Quechua) salteri Sowerby. Figure 99.

Thaumastus (Quechua) salteri has been figured but once (Proc.
Zool. Soc. London, 1889, pi. 56, fig. 4), and not very well; in Pilsbry
treatise of the bulimulids in the Manual of Conchology, (2), 10, pi. 30,
fig. 22, 1895, the original figure of Sowerby was copied. Under »hese
circumst' nces it seems worthwhile to figure this comparatively rare

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS

511

species, not only to give a better representation of the shell, but
also to demonstrate a certain amount of variation.

Bulimulus (Lissoacme) reconditus Reeve

There are some specimens from Acobamba near Tarna, Peru,
3,000 3,200 meters altitude, collected by Weyrauch, which I believe

Fig. 99. Thaumastus (Quechua) salteri Sowerby. C.N.H.M. No. 30760. A,
Front view; about X 1. B, Apex from above; about X 9.

to belong to this rare species. Originally described from an unknown
locality, reconditus or a closely related variety of it was later cited
by Pfeiffer from "Peru," and my specimens seem to be the first
known from an exact locality. Some of the shells at hand closely
resemble Reeve's figure (the only existing one), but a larger number
show less chestnut streaking, being almost entirely and uniformly
whitish; all of them, however, agree perfectly in the shape of the shell.

^leurodonte (Isomeria) meobambensis Pfeiffer

A specimen of Isomeria received from the Museo Javier Prado
in I ma, Peru, without a specific locality and only with the general
information "Peru" seems to correspond to the descriptioj s of both

512 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

/. meobambensis Pfeiffer, 1856, and of /. equestrata Morelet, 1858.
Since both of these species were described from Moyobamba, I see
no reason why equestrata should not be considered a synonym of
the older name meobambensis.

Obeliscus (Ischnocion) triptyx Pilsbry

A single specimen of this species, hitherto known only from
Colombia, was found by Dr. W. Weyrauch in the Chanchamayo
Valley, 800 meters altitude, Peru. Pilsbry (1907) considered his
new subgenus Ischnocion to belong to Leptinaria, but Thiele (1931)
made it a subgenus of Obeliscus, which in fact it greatly resembles,
except for the folds in the aperture; these may have been developed
secondarily in this genus, which is otherwise devoid of them.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF SOUTH AMERICAN
NON-MARINE SHELLS

Bulimulus (Protoglyptus) rhabdotus sp. nov. Figure 100.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30915, from
Ambo, near Huanuco, Peru. Altitude 2,000 meters. Collected by
and received from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

Diagnosis. — A slender species of the subgenus Protoglyptus of
Bulimulus, characterized by the shell sculpture of high, heavy,
beam-like ribs.

Comparisons. — Bulimulus (Protoglyptus) subcostatus Haas, the
only other typical Protoglyptus from Peru, is somewhat similar, but
is stouter, shorter, and less heavily though more densely ribbed;
no other comparable species is known to me.

Description of type. — Shell slender, turriform, subsolid, creamy
white, distinctly ribbed by irregularly spaced, straight, beam-like
ribs of the same color or of a grayish-purple, rimate. Whorls lYi,
the first 1}^ apical ones rather convex, dark purple, minutely
vertically ribbed, the remaining ones flatter and white, with heavy,
projecting ribs that are separated by interstices from one to two
times as wide as the ribs. Aperture elongated, pear-shaped, with
straight, simple margins, of which only the basal is shortly reflected
over the umbilical chink; inside of aperture of the same color as the
shell, the ribs showing as grayish or purple streaks.

Measurements of type. — Height 16.4 mm., diameter 5.1 mm.,
height of aperture 6.3 mm., diameter of aperture 2.7 mm.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 513

Paratype. — No. 30916, same data as the type. Having been
collected as a dead specimen, the paratype does not show the purplish
color of the ribs, the entire shell being chalky white with the excep-
tion of the purplish apex. Its dimensions are: height 14.0 mm.,
diameter 4.8 mm., height of aperture 5.9 mm., width of aperture
2.1 mm.

Fig. 100 (above). Bulimulus (Pro-
toglyptus) rhabdotus sp. nov. C.N.
H.M. No. 30915, type, front view;
about X 3.

Fig. 101 (right). Bulimulus (Pero-
naeus) webbi sp. nov. C.N. H.M. No.
31335, type, front view; about X 3.5.

Bulimulus (Peronaeus) webbi sp. nov. Figure 101.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 31335, from
Tacana, near Surcubamba, Department of Tayacaya, Peru. Col-
lector not known. From the Walter F. Webb Collection.

Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Peronaeus of Bulimulus,
characterized by the large number of whorls (12 J^), which are
regularly and heavily ribbed.

Comparisons. — This species is in some respects intermediate
between the subgenera Geoceras and Peronaeus and may prove
that they cannot be separated. There seem to be no closer relatives
of webbi; it shares the costation, a feature uncommon in Peronaeus,
with scalar oides Philippi, which, however, is much shorter and has

514 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

fewer whorls. The presence of narrow spiral bands on the creamy-
white shell is also unusual.

Description of type. — Shell subulate, slightly tapering below,
subsolid, narrowly umbilicate, creamy- white, with three maroon,
narrow bands on the last whorl, of which the subsutural one is incom-
plete, while the peripheral is the only one that shows on the earlier
whorls; umbilical region maroon. Whorls 123/6, very gradually
increasing, the first three transparent, of a pale flesh color, and
smooth, the remaining ones opaque, creamy-white, heavily, regularly
and obliquely costulated; the whorls, separated by a somewhat
appressed suture, are decidedly convex, the peripheral band making
them look carinate. Aperture small, elliptical, margins straight
but for the slightly reflexed columellar one; there are traces of a
fourth band around the umbilical region.

Measurements of type. — Height 15.5 mm., width 4.8 mm., height
of aperture 4.1 mm., width of aperture 2.6 mm.

Remarks. — The type, the unique specimen of this species, is
slightly damaged at its aperture. It has long been in the Webb
Collection, marked as a probable new species, and I take pleasure
in connecting the name of its former owner with it.

Bulimulus (Peronaeus) virgula sp. nov. Figure 102.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30917, from
Ninabamba on the Pampas River, Peru. Altitude 2,700 meters.
Collected by and received from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Peronaeus of Bulimulus,
characterized by its extreme slenderness.

Comparisons. — B. spiculatus Morelet is the most closely related
species, but it differs from this novelty by being longer (19-24 mm.),
stouter (4-5 mm.), and by having only 10^ whorls, while the
shorter new species (17.3 mm.) has a diameter of only 2.1 mm.
and has 11 3/2 whorls.

Description of type. — Shell subulate, subsolid, grayish, ribbed,
rimate. Whorls 113/2, the first two smooth and convex, the following
ones flat and densely covered with slender ribs slightly narrower
than the interstices, slightly oblique and occasionally anastomizing;
suture superficial. Aperture low, its height contained about six
times in the height of the shell, elongate-pear-shaped, whitish brown
within; peristome simple, acute, reflexed only at the columella, and
with a callus on the parietal wall almost reaching the upper insertion.
Umbilical chink hidden by the columellar reflexion.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 515

Measurements of type. — Height 17.3 mm., width 2.1 mm., height
of aperture 2.7 mm., width of aperture 1.2 mm.

Bulimulus (Peronaeus) claviformis sp. nov. Figure 103.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 31212, from

Fig. 102 (above). Bulimulus
(Peronaeus) virgula sp. nov. C.N.
H.M. No. 30917, type, front
view; about X 2.

Fig. 103 (right). Bulimulus (Pero-
naeus) claviformis sp. nov. C.N. H.M.
No. 31212, type, front view; about
X 2.5.

Abancay, Peru. Collected by a native. Walter F. Webb Collection,
now in Chicago Natural History Museum.

Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Peronaeus of Bulimulus,
characterized by its height (29.0 mm.) and by the great number of
whorls (14).

Comparisons. — Similar to Bulimulus (Peronaeus) spiculatus More-
let in slenderness combined with the reduction of the umbilical hole,
but that species is subulate, narrowly rimate, shorter (24.0 mm.),
with only 103^ whorls, whereas the new species is decidedly club-
shaped, entirely imperforate, higher (29.0 mm.), and with fourteen
whorls.

Description of type. — Shell imperforate, club-shaped, subsolid,
creamy-white with chestnut-brown, oblique streaks, the apical

516 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

whorls purplish. Surface with a faint waxy luster, closely and
finely, rather regularly rib-striate. First whorls flat, slowly increas-
ing in convexity, only the last one really convex; suture superficial
but clear cut. Whorls fourteen, the last one gently rounded below.
Ill-defined white spiral bands are visible on the last two whorls,
becoming more distinct on the under side of the last one. Aperture

Fig. 104. Bulimulus (Scutalus) re- Fig. 105. Bulimulus (Scutalus)

vinctus altorum subsp. nov. C.N.H.M. punctilineatus sp. nov. C.N.H.M.

No. 30912, type, front view; about No. 30914, type, front view; about

X 3. X 2.5.

small, contained about four times in the height of the shell; all lips
acute, only the columellar one reflexed; columella of medium length,
thin, slender, parietal callus thin.

Measurements of type. — Height 29.0 mm., width 7.6 mm., height
of aperture 7.9 mm., width of aperture 4.4 mm.

Remarks. — Only the type is at hand. The lower part of its
aperture is slightly damaged, as shown in figure 103.

Bulimulus (Scutalus) revinctus altorum subsp. nov. Figure 104.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30912, from the
Puna between Andahuaylas and Abancay, Peru. Altitude 4,000
meters. Collected by and received from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

Diagnosis. — A subspecies of Bulimulus (Scutalus) revinctus Hupe"
characterized by its small size.

Comparisons. — The nominate race attains the height of 27-29
mm., whereas the number of whorls varies between 5 and 53^; the

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 517

new race, identical as to shell characters with revindus proper,
though with almost five whorls, measures only 18.1 mm. in altitude,
and shows, nevertheless, the sign of being adult by the character
of its aperture. Of the many pattern-phases of revindus revindus,
the new subspecies resembles that with numerous brown bands and
a few oblique streaks.

Description of type. — Shell ovate obese, subsolid, slightly shiny,
wrinkly striate and occasionally obsoletely granulated by minute
decussating spiral lines, rimate. Whorls 4%, moderately convex,
suture distinct, irregularly wavy. Aperture large, ovate; margins
blunt, except at the reflexed columellar margin.

Measurements of type. — Height 18.1 mm., width 11.3 mm.,
height of aperture 11.1 mm., width of aperture 7.2 mm.

Paratypes. — Two paratypes, No. 30913, with the same data as
the type. They are typical, but evidently immature and do not afford
information concerning the range of variation.

Bulimulus (Scutalus) punctilineatus sp. nov. Figure 105.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30914, from
Sahuayaco in the Urubamba Valley, Peru. Altitude 800 meters.
Collected by and received from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Scutalus of Bulimulus
characterized by its ornamentation with many narrow, interrupted
spiral bands, with a broader one circling the umbilical perforation.

Comparisons. — The closer relatives of this new species are to be
found in the group of B. (Scutalus) culmineus Orbigny, but they
are more solid in structure and none of them shows its peculiar
punctilineate bands.

Description of type. — Shell ovate-conic, somewhat solid, trans-
lucent, smooth, ornamented with interrupted, narrow, dark chestnut-
brown bands on a yellowish-white background and with a wider,
continuous band around the perforation. Whorls 7}4, rather convex,
the apical ones light horn color with the Scutalus pattern of sculpture,
the remaining ones yellowish-white with four dotted lines, the last
with six and the circumumbilical band; under the lens, the seemingly
smooth surface shows minute, broken spiral lines crossing the faint
growth lines, especially on the last whorl. Aperture oval, with
simple peristome, slightly expanded at the columella; the banding
of the surface shows within.

518

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

Measurements of type. — Height 19.1 mm., width 9.6 mm., height
of aperture 8.1 mm., width of aperture 5.0 mm.

Bulimulus (Ataxus) perforatus sp. nov. Figure 106.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30906, from
Ninabamba on the Pampas River, an affluent of the Apurimac River,

Fig. 106. Bulimulus (Ataxus) perforatus
sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No. 30906, type. A, Front
view. B, View from below. Both about X 2.5.

B

Peru. Altitude 2,000 meters. Collected by and received from Dr.
W. Weyrauch.

Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Ataxus of Bulimulus,
characterized by its comparative stoutness and the width of the
umbilicus.

Comparisons. — All the described species of Ataxus are more
slender than this new species and none of them has an equally wide
umbilicus. B. (Ataxus) tubulatus Morelet of equal length and of
similar rib-sculpture is decidedly more slender and has a funnel-
shaped umbilicus, while in perforatus the umbilicus looks almost
like a drill-hole.

Description of type. — Shell obesely turreted, translucent, but
subsolid, densely and arcuately hair-ribbed, whitish with brownish
or purplish streaks, deeply and openly umbilicate. Whorls 93^, the
apical ones purple, smooth, swollen, the remaining ones whitish,
flatter and hair-ribbed; lower side of last whorl occupied by the
wide umbilicus, which is contained two and one-half times in the
diameter of the shell, and which is bordered by a distinct ridgelike
angulation. Aperture high and narrow, biangular, the circum-

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 519

umbilical ridge extending to the lower angulation; margins simple,
approaching, united by a callus, the basal lip slightly expanded.

Measurements of type. — Height 19.5 mm., width 8.2 mm., height
of aperture 8.1 mm., width of aperture 4.0 mm., diameter of umbilicus
3.4 mm.

Paratypes. — Twenty-nine paratypes, No. 3907, with the same
data as the type. The largest specimen has a height of 22.9 mm.,
and another shell 20.0 mm. high has a diameter of 8.9 mm. The
color of the apical whorls varies from purplish to horn-brown to
yellowish-white and there is considerable variation in the extent of
the brown and purplish streaks, almost white specimens contrasting
with others in which the brown color of the streaks almost subdues
the basic white coloration.

One paratype, No. 31096, from the Walter F. Webb Collection,
from Peru, with no more definite locality. The specimen, with
height of 24.0 mm. and diameter 8.2 mm., is higher than the type
and the other paratypes, is more cylindric and, with almost twelve
whorls, much more densely coiled than these; it shows no brownish
streaks on the white basic color of the shell, but is otherwise
typical.

Bostryx (Vermetellus) metagyra Pilsbry and Olsson

The two lots of this species (Nos. 30918 and 30919) in Chicago
Natural History Museum stem from the identical source from which
its authors had their specimens, namely, the Museo Javier Prado
in Lima, Peru, with the locality given as "Peru."

I received these specimens early in 1949 for classification and,
if necessary, for description. Thus it happened that, when I recog-
nized them as the representatives of a new species, I prepared a
description, unaware that they had just been described by Pilsbry
and Olsson (1949). I fully agree with these authors as far as the
specific evaluation of the shell characters is concerned. However,
I disagree with them as regards the systematic position of this
strange species. Whereas Pilsbry and Olsson consider it a typical
Bostryx, closely related to Bostryx (Bostryx) solutus Troschel, I can-
not see such a close relationship between the two species, for both
differ widely in their mode of shell growth and their respective shell
sculptures. For this reason I feel compelled to create for metagyra
a new subgenus, which can be characterized in the following
way:

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FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

Bostryx (Vermetellus) subgen. nov. Figure 107.

A small bulimulid shell of almost equal height and width, of
irregular growth comparable to that of some vermetid prosobranchi-
ates, the first whorls growing regularly in the shape of a pillar, the
last one abruptly growing wider, coiled up in a single plane, em-

Fig. 107. Bostryx {Vermetellus) metagyra Pilsbry and Olsson, C.N.H.M.
No. 30918. A, Front view. B, Side view. Both about X 3.

bracing the penultimate and ascending toward the aperture. Apical
whorls smooth, the first four whorls with little sculpture or none,
the last one heavily sculptured with vertical ribs and spiral keels.

Type : Bostryx (Vermetellus) metagyra Pilsbry and Olsson.

There is a greater variability in the dimensions of this species
than becomes evident from the measurements of two specimens as
given by Pilsbry and Olsson. Seven specimens in Chicago Natural
History Museum show the following measurements:

Height

Width

Height/width

7.9

9.0

0.88

9.1

8.8

0.97

9.2

8.5

0.92

9.7

7.8

0.80

9.1

8.1

0.89

8.1

7.1

0.89

8.7

8.6

0.99

9.2

8.8

0.98

Drymaeus (Drymaeus) pseudelatus sp. nov. Figure 108.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30908, from Anco
on the Mantaro River, Peru. Altitude 2,500 meters. Collected by
and received from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 521

Diagnosis. — A species of Drymaeus proper, characterized by its
considerable slenderness, which exceeds that of any other known
species of the genus.

Comparisons. — This new species stands quite isolated within its
genus, whereas forms of similar appearance are found in the sub-
genus Peronaeus of Bulimulus; B. (Peronaeus) elatus Philippi in

Fig. 108. Drymaeus (Drymaeus) pseudelatus
sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No. 30908, type, front view;
about X 3.5.

particular has a striking resemblance to Drymaeus pseudelatus but
for the sculpture of its apical whorls, which, of course, is quite
different.

Description of type. — Shell slender, almost turreted, subsolid,
irregularly striate, a little shining, white with brown streaks, narrowly
umbilicate. Whorls 93^, a little convex, the apical ones deep purplish
and with the typical sculpture of the genus, the following one wine-
brown and almost smooth, the remaining ones creamy-white with
irregularly spaced brown streaks and beset with oblique, low, rib-like
striae wider than the interstices. Aperture small, little oblique, ob-
long; peristome simple, unexpanded and acute. Only the columellar
margin is reflexed and partly conceals the narrow umbilicus, which
is encircled by a narrow, chestnut band.

Measurements of type. Height 15.2 mm., width 5.1 mm., height
of aperture 5.1 mm., width of aperture 2.9 mm.

Paratypes. — Four paratypes, No. 30909, with the same data as
the type. In one of these the apex is not deep purplish, but horn
color, and two of them show faded, interrupted narrow bands below
the periphery of the last whorl. Five paratypes, No. 30910, from
Andahuaylas, altitude 3,100 meters, Peru, collected and received
from Dr. W. Weyrauch. In this lot, also, the color of the apex varies

522

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

B

Fig. 109. Drymaeus (Drymaeus) basi-
torus sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No. 31354,
type. A, Front view. B, Side view. C,
View from below. All about X 2.5.

from deep purple to horn color and the range of variation of the
color pattern is about the same as in the form from Anco.

Drymaeus (Drymaeus) basitorus sp. nov. Figure 109.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 31354, from
Chanchamayo, Peru. Altitude 1,000 meters. Collected by a native.
In the Walter F. Webb Collection.

Diagnosis. — A species of the nystianus group of Drymaeus proper,
characterized by an extremely thin shell, blunt keel in the umbilical
area, high and wide aperture, and color pattern.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 523

Comparisons. — Most closely related to Drymaeus canaliculatus
Pfeiffer from Bolivia, but easily distinguished by the great thinness
of the shell, the different shape of the aperture, and the different
coloration.

Description of type. — Shell extremely fragile, translucent, narrowly
umbilicate, obliquely fusiform, dirty yellow with faint, blackish
bands or streaks, of a dull waxy appearance. Spire acute, almost
conic, 63^ slightly convex whorls, regularly increasing, the last
definitely larger than the spire, suddenly widened before the aperture,
pinched into a blunt keel around the umbilical chink. Columella
arcuate. Aperture wide, effuse at base; peristome slightly reflexed
above, more so below, with a flat depression behind the lower outer
margin; columellar margin dilated, reflexed. Four bands of blackish
dots are visible on the last whorl; the two upper ones and the two
lower ones respectively partly connected by streaks; on the upper
whorls, where only the upper couple of bands can be seen, the
connecting streaks tend to become zigzag-like.

Measurements of type. — Height 30.2 mm., width 14.3 mm., height
of aperture 17.7 mm., width of aperture 9.8 mm.

Remarks. — The type specimen is slightly damaged on the parietal
wall of the aperture and the adjoining portion of the last whorl.

Paratype. — One specimen, No. 31355, same provenience as the
type, is slightly smaller than the type (height 25.5 mm.), and its
apertural region is partly damaged; in all other respects, this para-
type corresponds perfectly with the type.

Thaumastus (Quechua) tetricus sp. nov. Figure 110.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30920, from
Huacapistana on Rio Tarma, Junin Province, Peru. Received from
the Museo Javier Prado in Lima, Peru.

Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Quechua of Thaumastus,
characterized by the dull, somber coloration without any obvious
color bands, and by its small size, which distinguishes it from similarly
colored congeners.

Comparisons. — The only species comparable with this novelty is
Thaumastus cadwaladeri Pilsbry from the same locality, which
differs however from tetricus in being considerably larger (70.2 mm.
against 52.6 mm.) and of oblong-conic shape, whereas tetricus is
more slender and turriform.

Description of type. — Shell perforate, oblong- turreted, rather
solid, composed of 7^ whorls, which are rather flat, slightly more

524 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

convex in the last two, and separated by a distinct, but not very
deep suture; apical whorls with the typical sculpture and of the
typical formation of the subgenus Quechua. Color of a dull brownish
green, lighter green toward the sutures, with occasional traces of
lighter bands. There are distantly placed vertical folds, which grow

Fig. 110. Thaumastus (Quechua) tetricus sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No. 30920,
type. A, Front view. B, Side view. Both about X 1.25.

stronger near the upper suture and which make this appear crenulate.
The aperture is small, ovate, dark flesh-colored within. All the
margins are slightly thickened but hardly reflexed, except the
columellar one. The purple enamel of the columella expands as
a thin pad over the parietal wall.

Measurements of type. — Height 52.6 mm., width 20.6 mm.,
height of aperture 20.1 mm., width of aperture 10.8 mm.

Remarks. — Only a single specimen, the type, is at hand.

Epiphragmophora (Epiphragmophora) leucobasis sp. nov.
Figure 111.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30923, from above
Chincheros, near Rio Pampas, Peru. Altitude 3,000 meters. Col-
lected by and received from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS

525

Diagnosis. — A medium-sized species of Epiphragmophora proper,
characterized by a broad infra-peripheral band, and by the fact that
the remainder of the lower side is white.

Comparisons. — All the comparable species lack the wide infra-
peripheral band and the light coloration of the circumumbilical region.

Fig. 111. Epiphragmophora (Epi-
phragmophora) leucobasis sp. nov. C.N.
H.M. No. 30923, type. A, Front view.
B, View from above. C, View from
below. All about X 2.

Description of type. — Shell depressed conical, narrowly umbilicate,
rather thin, shiny, with three chestnut-brown bands (one supra-
peripheral, one peripheral and one infra-peripheral). Whorls four,
rather convex, separated by a superficial suture, the last descending
below the periphery at the aperture. The first whorl appears smooth,
the following ones are sculptured by many rib-like, regular growth-
striae, which, on the last whorl, are crossed by many irregular,
wavy spiral lines producing a decussate-malleate appearance. The
basic color of the shell is a light brown; the three bands, of which
the peripheral is the narrowest, the upper one about l}/£ times and
the lower one about three times as wide, are of chestnut color, rather
distinctly defined but for the lower edge of the infra-peripheral band,
which gradually fades into the creamy-white of the rather convex
circumumbilical region. The aperture is almost exactly ovate,
little excised by the preceding whorl, rather broadly lipped, with

526 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

approaching ends; parietal callus very weak, reflexion of the basal
lip covering about one-fourth of the umbilicus.

Measurements of type. — Diameter 27.3 mm., height 14.8 mm.,
width of aperture 12.9 mm., height of aperture 10.7 mm., diameter
of umbilicus 3.1 mm.

Epiphragmophora (Epiphragmophora) hemiomphalos sp. nov.
Figure 112.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30902. Received
from the Museo Javier Prado in Lima with the locality "Peru."

Diagnosis. — One of the smaller species of Epiphragmophora
proper, characterized by the half-closed umbilicus, the white basic
color of the shell, and a tooth-like lamella on the outer lip on its
insertion.

Comparisons. — There is no particular species to which this new
form can properly be compared. As to color, it is as clear as E. pellis-
colubri Philippi, and even whiter, and it also has a single chestnut
band. It is much smaller in size and has about the same diameter
as E. urubambensis Pilsbry. The umbilicus, half-covered by the
reflexion of the basal lip, seems to be unique in Epiphragmophora, as
is the strange tooth-like projection on the outer lip at its insertion.

Description of type. — Shell umbilicate, thin but solid, much de-
pressed, with subangulate periphery, which becomes rounded in the
latter half of the last whorl. Whorls four, little convex, the last
twice as wide as the preceding. Surface glossy, buff-white on the
three first, pure white on the last whorl, with one narrow peripheral
chestnut-brown band; last whorl minutely descending toward the
aperture. The first whorl smooth, the following ones marked with
growth-striae, the interstices microscopically granular; the last
whorl shows, in addition, unequal and slightly wavy, microscopical
spiral lines, interrupted at the growth-striae. Aperture oval save
for the segment excised by the penultimate whorl, peristome narrowly
reflexed all around, dilated a little at the columellar insertion and
covering about one-half of the narrow umbilicus. The upper inser-
tion of the outer lip is remarkable for a tooth-like projection of the
lower half of the upper lip, which appears almost double; a callus,
distinct above and below, very thin in the center, connects the two
extremes of the peristome.

Measurements of type. — Diameter 21.8 mm., height 10.0 mm.,
width of aperture 10.0 mm., height of aperture 8.4 mm., diameter
of umbilicus 2.8 mm.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS

527

Paratype. — No. 30903, with the same data as the type. A speci-
men collected dead, bleached, somewhat more solid than the type
and of almost identical dimensions.

Remarks. — Had it not been for two distinctive features, unfamiliar
among the species of Epiphragmophora and present in both specimens
at hand, i.e., the half-covered umbilicus and the tooth-like projection

Fig. 112. Epiphragmophora (Epi-
phragmophora) hemiomphalos sp. nov.
C.N.H.M. No. 30902, type. A, Front
view. B, View from above. C, View
from below. All about X 2.5.

on the insertion of the outer lip, I should not have ventured to
describe a new species without exact locality.

Solaropsis (Psadara) inornata sp. nov. Figure 113.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30929, from the
Rio Chusgon, affluent of the Rio Maranon, at Hacienda Santa
Elena, Peru. Altitude 1,600 2,150 meters. Collected by Dr. W.
Weyrauch and presented by the Museo Javier Prado of Lima, Peru.

Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Psadara of Solaropsis,
characterized by its brownish color, without any trace of the familiar
pattern of Solaropsis-decoration.

Comparisons. — Similar in shape and size to S. rosarium Pfeiffer,
or to the related S. kilhni Pfeiffer, but with a much wider umbilicus
and without any color design.

528

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

Description of type. — Shell depressed, almost planorboid, thin,
translucent, light corneous brown, shining, with a wide, funnel-shaped
umbilicus. Whorls 4%, regularly increasing, convex; suture deep,
almost channelled; all whorls superficially ornamented by closely
set, hair-like, slightly undulated and occasionally anastomosing striae.
Aperture almost circular, slightly excised by the penultimate whorl,

Fig. 113. Solaropsis (Psadara) inornate
sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No. 30929, type. A,
Front view. B, View from above. C,
View from below. All about X 2.5.

slightly oblique; peristome straight, not expanded, its ends con-
verging. Umbilicus almost one-third of the greater diameter of the
shell, funnel-shaped, deep.

Measurements of type. — Height 7.8 mm., width 14.3 mm., width
of aperture 6.2 mm., height of aperture 6.0 mm., diameter of um-
bilicus 3.8 mm.

Paratypes. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30930. The
diameter of a well-preserved, but bleached specimen is 16.0 mm.
The height of the spire in the series of seven varies from slightly
raised to perfectly flat ; the apex may be raised above the level of the
last whorl, while the intermediate whorls are slightly sunk beneath it.

Solaropsis (Psadara) monile peruviana subsp. nov. Figure 114.
Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30928, from

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS

529

Sahuayaco, Urubamba Valley, Peru. Altitude 800 meters. Col-
lected by and received from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

Diagnosis. — A subspecies of Solaropsis monile Broderip, charac-
terized by smaller size and by the narrower umbilicus.

Comparisons. — This new Peruvian subspecies is closely related to
the Colombian Solaropsis (Psadara) monile Broderip, but is smaller,

Fig. 114. Solaropsis (Psadara) mo-
nile peruviana subsp. nov. C.N.H.M.
No. 30928, type. A, Front view. B,
View from above. C, View from below.
All about X 2.5.

despite the equal number of whorls, and its umbilicus is narrower,
measuring only about one-sixth of the shell diameter, whereas in
typical monile the umbilicus measures about one-third of the shell
diameter; lastly, the peristome of the Peruvian novelty is thinner
and narrower than the peristome of the Colombian nominate
form.

Description of type. — Shell discoidal with slightly sunk spire,
thin, translucent, pale corneous; minutely granular, moderately
umbilicate, ornamented with a series of angular streaks near the
suture and with two narrow, interrupted bands, one above the
periphery and one below it. Whorls 4 3^, convex, the last not

530

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

descending in front, the suture impressed. Aperture sub vertical,
lunate-circular, peristome simple, narrowly expanded, slightly
reflexed at the columellar insertion. Umbilicus funnel-shaped,
moderately wide.

Measurements of type. — Diameter 20.3 mm., height 10.4 mm.,
diameter of aperture 9.9 mm., height of aperture 9.8 mm., diameter
of umbilicus 3.4 mm.

Fig. 115. Systrophia (Systrophia) platysma
sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No. 30926, type. A, Front
view. B, View from above. C, View from
below. All about X 2.6.

Systrophia (Systrophia) platysma sp. nov. Figure 115.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30926, from
Huarango, east side of Rio Chinchipe, close to Rio Maranon, Peru.
Altitude 1,400 meters. Collected by and received from Dr. W.
Weyrauch.

Diagnosis. — A low, flat species of the typical subgenus of Sys-
trophia, characterized by the peripheral flattening of the last whorl
about one-fourth of a convolution before the aperture.

Comparisons. — In a general way, S. platysma resembles S. cal-
culina Pfeiffer in flat and low shell and in its wide umbilicus, but
calculina lacks the flattening of the last whorl characteristic of
platysma, as well as the slightly thickened and reflexed lip of the
latter.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 531

Description of type. — Shell low and planorboid, transparent but
solid, with the upper side flat, but with the apex slightly raised,
yellowish white, shiny, widely umbilicate. Whorls eleven, densely
coiled and slowly increasing but for the last, which in front of
the aperture widens abruptly to about four times the width of the
penultimate; about one-fourth of a convolution distant from the
aperture there is a peculiar peripheral flattening of the last whorl
that makes the shell look malformed. The suture is distinct. The
surface of the shell is smooth. The umbilicus is widely funnel-shaped ;
its diameter is about one-half of that of the shell. The aperture is
half-elliptical with the ends converging, with a slightly thickened
and lipped but not reflexed peristome; the upper outer margin appears
straight according to the flattening of the last, descending portion
of the last whorl.

Measurements of type. — Diameter 10.0 mm., height 3.3 mm.,
diameter of aperture 2.0 mm., height of aperture 2.0 mm., diameter
of umbilicus 5.1 mm.

Paratypes. — Eleven specimens, No. 30927, with the same data
as the type. The diameter varies between 9.3 mm. and 9.9 mm.,
but otherwise there seems to be little or no variation.

Systrophia (Systrophia) impressa sp. nov. Figure 116.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30528. Received
with the Walter F. Webb Collection, the only data being "South
America."

Diagnosis. — A planorboid species of the typical subgenus of
Systrophia, of medium size, characterized by a very distinct, puncture-
like impression on the upper side of the last whorl shortly behind
the aperture.

Comparisons. — This new species belongs to the group of tightly
coiled, planorboid forms within Systrophia proper of which S. affinis
Pilsbry may serve as an example. In fact, the new S. impressa
resembles affinis very much in most features of the shell, but is
easily distinguished from it by the very distinct puncture-like im-
pression in the flattened last portion of the last whorl.

Description of type. — Shell planorbiform with the spire very
slightly sunk, transparent but solid, whitish-brown, smooth, glossy,
umbilicate. Whorls 93^, densely coiled, slowly increasing in width,
the last about twice as wide as the penultimate, broadened toward
the aperture and almost imperceptibly descending. Suture distinct.
Upper side of whorls little swollen, lateral outline convex, under side

532

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

moderately swollen. Umbilicus funnel-shaped, all whorls visible,
its diameter a little wider than half the diameter of the shell. Aper-
ture oblique, half-elliptical but irregularly so, since the upper right
margin is distorted by the impression on the last whorl, which shows

Fig. 116. Systrophia (Systro-
phia) impressa sp. nov. C.N.
H.M. No. 30528, type. A,
Front view. B, View from
above. C, View from below.
All about X 4.

within the aperture as a blunt protrusion; peristome with a narrow
lip and reflexed only on the base.

Measurements of type. — Diameter 10.9 mm., height 3.8 mm.,
diameter of aperture 3.3 mm.

Paratypes. — Paratype No. 30529, from the same lot as the type,
corresponds to the type in every respect; its diameter is 12.0 mm.,
and its peristome is slightly injured. Paratypes No. 30530 from
Bolivia, distributed by the late H. B. Preston and received by
Chicago Natural History Museum with the G. K. Gude Collection,
are entirely typical, but slightly smaller, their diameter not exceeding
10.3 mm.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS

533

Discussion. — Had it not been for the last-named paratypes from
Bolivia, I would not have ventured to describe this conchologically
well-defined species with no other information about its origin than
"South America."

Systrophia (Systrophia) cereonitens sp. nov. Figure 117.

Type.— Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30924, from
south of San Ignacio and west of Rio Chinchipe, Peru, close to the

B

Fig. 117. Systrophia (Systrophia)
cereonitens sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No.
30924, type. A, Front view. B, View
from above. C, View from below. All
about X 2.5.

border of Ecuador. Altitude 1,200 meters. Collected by and received
from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

Diagnosis. — A species of the typical subgenus of Systrophia
characterized by thirteen whorls in a shell whose height equals
almost one-half of its diameter.

Comparisons. — This novelty can be compared, to a certain degree,
with Systrophia helicycloides Orbigny, which has about the same
general appearance, but from which it differs by its raised — not
sunk — spire, the much narrower umbilicus, and by its thirteen whorls,
whereas helicycloides has at the most ten whorls.

Description of type. — Shell flat, with the spire only slightly raised,
transparent, rather solid, waxy, of a grayish green color. Whorls
thirteen, very slowly increasing except for the last, which widens

534 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

suddenly toward the aperture, where it is about four times as wide
as the penultimate; it descends very slightly toward its end. The
suture is distinct and at places subcrenulated by the radial, densely
set striae on the whorls. The lower side of the last whorl is very
convex, while the lateral outline is almost straight, passing into
the upper side by an obtuse angle and gradually, insensibly, into
the lower side. There are no radial striae on the side and the lower
part of the last whorl, which are smooth, and which show only
some superficial spiral striae around the periphery. The aperture
is irregularly crescent-shaped, slightly lipped all around, nowhere
reflexed ; the upper outer margin is flattened on account of a terminal
flattening of the last whorl. The umbilicus is widely funnel-shaped,
its diameter a little wider than one-third of the greater diameter
of the shell.

Measurements of type. — Diameter 14.1 mm., height 6.7 mm.,
diameter of aperture 3.2 mm., height of aperture 4.5 mm., diameter
of umbilicus 5.4 mm.

Paratypes. — Paratypes No. 30925, with the same data as the type.
In the series of more than twenty specimens there is little variation
in the diameter, which may be as little as 13.0 mm.

Systrophia (Systrophiella) gyrellina sp. nov. Figure 118.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30532, from
Valley of Rio Mantaro, Huancamayo, Peru. From the Walter F.
Webb Collection.

Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Systrophiella of Systrophia,
characterized by seven whorls in a shell with diameter only 6.1 mm.,
being thus much smaller than all the other known species of Systro-
phiella.

Comparisons. — Very much like a miniature of S. tortilis Morelet,
being practically identical with it but for its size. S. gyrella Morelet
and S. incarum Crawford seem to be close relatives also.

Description of type. — Shell depressed, thin, umbilicate, dia-
phanous, very light horn-colored, somewhat shiny, smooth, but
microscopically hair-striate. Whorls seven, slowly and regularly
increasing in size, the last about twice as wide as the preceding, not
descending in front; suture deep, channeled in places. Upper side
of the whorls rather flat, side convex and subangulate at the peri-
phery, under side rather swollen. Aperture lunate, plain, without
a peristome. Umbilicus less than half of the shell diameter, funnel-
shaped.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS

535

Measurements of type. — Diameter 6.1 mm., height 2.5 mm.,
diameter of aperture 1.1 mm. The last third of the last whorl of
the type was accidentally crushed after the description was drawn up.

Paratypes. — No. 30531, with the same data as the type. One
specimen, partly broken, has a diameter of 6.4 mm. The other three

Fig. 118. Systrophia (Systrophiella) gyrel-
lina sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No. 30532, type.
A, Front view. B, View from above. C,
View from below. All about X 5.

specimens are all quite typical, but are smaller than the type,
being not quite adult.

Austroselenites (?) weyrauchi sp. nov. Figure 119.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30939, from Cuzco,
Peru. Altitude 3,500 meters. Collected by and presented by Dr.
W. Weyrauch, in whose honor the new species has been named.

Diagnosis. — A very low conical, almost flat species of Austro-
selenites, with a very wide umbilicus, covered with a yellowish brown
conchinic layer with indistinct transverse stripes of darker brown.

Comparisons. — Among all the Austroselenites known, this novelty
can only be compared with A. variegatus Haas, which shares the
general shell characters with it, differing only in being smaller, a
trifle higher and more definitely striped with brownish and yellow.

536

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

Description of type. — Shell thin, translucent, very low conical,
with a very wide and rather shallow umbilicus, covered with a
lusterless yellowish-brown conchinic layer. Whorls 5}/£, slowly and
regularly growing, covered with low radial ribs narrower than the
interstices, these ribs more crowded on the earlier whorls and extend-
ing to the under side; the color of the interstices is somewhat darker

Fig. 119. Austroselenites (?) wey-
rauchi sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No.
30939, type. A, Front view. B,
View from above. C, View from
below. All about X 2.5.

than that of the ribs; suture very deep; upper side of the whorls
rather flat, under side very convex, almost cylindrical. Aperture
oblique, roundish, somewhat wider than high, peristome straight,
not expanded, the margins converging. Umbilicus about two-fifths
of the shell in width, shallowly funnel-shaped.

Measurements of type. — Width 17.3 mm., height 7.3 mm., width
of aperture 5.8 mm., height of aperture 5.0 mm., diameter of um-
bilicus 7.2 mm.

Paratypes. — No. 30940, with the same data as the type. Two
specimens not quite fully grown are smaller than the type but
conform with it otherwise.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS

537

Discussion. — Both A. weyrauchi and A. variegatus stand some-
what isolated among the Austroselenites and may well be the repre-
sentatives of a subgenus of their own; however, on account of the
scarcity of the material studied thus far and the entire lack of
anatomical information, the erection of a new subgenus seems
inadvisable.

Happia (Happia) cuzcana planior subsp. nov. Figure 120.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30933, from

Fig. 120. Happia (Happia) cuzcana planior
subsp. nov. C.N.H.M. No. 30933, type. A,
Front view. B, View from above. C, View
from below. All about X 2.5.

Oreja de Capedo, Chanchamayo, Peru. Altitude 1,600 meters.
Collected by and received from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

Diagnosis. — A race of Happia (Happia) cuzcana Philippi charac-
terized by its small size and the entirely flat spire.

Comparisons. — The nominate race, cuzcana proper, has six
whorls and is about 19 mm. in diameter. Our new shell, which
resembles the nominate race very closely, is much smaller, the
largest specimen, the type, having only five whorls and measuring
only 12 mm. in diameter. There is, of course, the possibility that
all our specimens are not fully adult and that they might have
attained a sixth whorl with further growth, but even then, they are
smaller than cuzcana cuzcana, which, in the five whorl stage, measures
15 mm. in diameter. Whereas in cuzcana proper the spire, though

538 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

very low and almost orbicular, is nevertheless slightly raised, that
of cuzcana planior is definitely flat.

Description of type. — Shell orbicular, fragile, transparent, light
horn-colored, smooth, widely umbilicate. Whorls five, the four
first regularly, the last one rapidly increasing; suture distinct.
Lower side almost flat, umbilicus funnel-shaped, its diameter about
one-third of that of the shell. Aperture semilunar, decidedly wider
than high, margins straight, without lip.

Measurements of type. — Diameter 12.0 mm., height 4.2 mm.,
width of aperture 4.1 mm., height of aperture 3.0 mm.

Paratypes. — No. 30934, from the locality of the type, has a
diameter of 12.9 mm., but otherwise resembles the type completely.
Five paratypes (No. 30936) from Quillabamba, Urubamba Valley,
Peru (altitude 1,000 meters), are younger shells, collected dead,
and two paratypes (No. 30935) from Andahuaylas (altitude 3,100
meters) are similar. All the paratypes mentioned were collected by
and received from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

Radiodiscus (Radioconus) microhelix sp. nov. Figure 121.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30921, from the
Chanchamayo Valley, Peru. Altitude 800 meters. Collected by
and received from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Radioconus of Radiodiscus,
characterized by its trochiform shell and wide umbilicus.

Comparisons. — While very similar to Radiodiscus bactricolus
Guppy, its closest relative, as far as the sculpture of the shell is
concerned, this new species differs basically from it by the more
dome-shaped spire and the wider umbilicus. R. ditzleri H. B. Baker
from Venezuela is also closely related.

Description of type. — Shell low trochiform, fragile, transparent,
ribbed, widely umbilicate, grayish brown. Whorls 43^, regularly
growing, increasingly convex, separated by a deep suture; the first
lJ/£ whorls are very minutely spirally sculptured, the following ones
show densely spaced, sharp and elevated, straight ribs, of which
there are 42 on the penultimate whorl ; the interstices between these
ribs show a sculpture of densely set, fine, low striae, parallel among
themselves and with the ribs, crossed by still finer spiral lines.
Aperture almost circular, little excised, with simple margins whose
ends are convergent and united, on the palatal wall, by a distinct
though thin callus. Under side of shell very convex; umbilicus wide
and funnel-shaped, its diameter about two-fifths of that of the shell.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS

539

Measurements of type. — Diameter 3.1 mm., height 2.1 mm.,
diameter of aperture 0.8 mm., height of aperture 0.8 mm., diameter
of umbilicus 1.1 mm.

Paratype. — No. 30922, with the same data as the type, and
identical with it in all details.

Fig. 121. Radiodiscus (Radioconus) micro-
helix sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No. 30921, type. A,
Front view. B, View from above. C, View
from below. All about X 10.

B C

Remarks. — This new species seems to be the first Andean repre-
sentative of the subgenus Radioconus, whose remaining species occur
only in northeastern South America.

Euglandina (Euglandina) cylindrus angusta subsp. nov.
Figure 122.

Type- Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30911, from Jaen,
Peru. Altitude 700 meters. Collected by and received from Dr.
W. Weyrauch.

Diagnosis. A subspecies of E. cylindrus Martens, characterized
by the possession of an additional half whorl of the spire, by greater
length and by its very obvious slenderness.

Comparisons. — The nominate form from the Colombian Andes
has only seven whorls and measures not more than 39 mm., whereas
the Peruvian subspecies attains a length of 46 mm. with 73^ whorls
in the spire; with a width of 15.9 mm. it is comparatively much

540 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

more slender than cylindrus cylindrus, which it otherwise resembles
closely.

Description of type. — Shell almost turrite, subcylindrical, subsolid,
whitish, waxy, densely and lightly ribbed-striate. Whorls 7 3^, little

Fig. 122. Euglandina (Euglandina) cylindrus angusta subsp. nov. C.N.H.M.
No. 30911, type, front view; about X 2.

convex, becoming gradually flatter, separated by a crenulate, dis-
tinct, slightly irregular suture; apex very obtuse. Aperture oblong-
elliptical, equalling about half of the height of the shell; columella
abruptly truncated, vertical, joining the parietal wall in a distinct
though wide angle.

Measurements of type. — Height 51.0 mm., width 15.9 mm.,
height of aperture 21.6 mm., width of aperture 6.5 mm.

Discussion. — Some time ago I reported a very young specimen
of an Euglandina as the first record of the genus from Peru (Fieldiana,

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 541

Zool., 31: 240, 1949). This could not be specifically determined.
In this new Euglandina (Euglandina) cylindrus angusta we have
another proof that the genus Euglandina is not absent from Peru,
though it is apparently rather scarce and perhaps only locally
represented.

Obeliscus (Protobeliscus) nanus sp. nov. Figure 123.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30931, from the
Chanchamayo Valley, Peru. Altitude 800 meters. Collected by
and received from Dr. W. Weyrauch.

Fig. 123. Obeliscus (Protobe- Fig. 124. Leptinaria (Lamel-

liscus) nanus sp. nov. C.N.H.M. laxis) eyerdami sp. nov. C.N.H.M.

No. 30931, type, front view; about No. 30844, type, front view; about

X 6. X 7.

Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Protobeliscus of Obeliscus,
characterized by its small size combined with great slenderness.

Comparisons. — None of the other known species of Protobeliscus
can be regarded as closely related to this new form; all of them, if
slender, are much larger, or, if of the same size, as, for example
0. pusillus H. A. Adams, they are distinctly stouter. Only the
Brazilian O. subuliformis Moricand, which is a species of Obeliscus
(Obeliscus), is as slender as nanus.

Description of type. — Shell elongate, turrite, very slender, glossy,
smooth, light yellowish gray, imperforate. Whorls ten, the apical
ones convex, the remaining ones gradually flatter, densely hair-
striate; suture distinct, crenulate. Aperture small, subrhombic-oval,

542 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

broadly curved below, pointed above; peristome simple, unexpanded.
Columella straight, passing in an obtuse angle into the basal margin.

Measurements of type. — Height 7.0 mm., width 1.8 mm., height
of aperture 1.2 mm., width of aperture 1.0 mm.

Paratype. — No. 30932, with the same data as the type. A speci-
men collected dead and partly weathered, 8.5 mm. high and with
eleven whorls, otherwise identical with the type.

Leptinaria (Lamellaxis) eyerdami sp. nov. Figure 124.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30844, from
Banos, Tunguragua, Ecuador. Collected by Wm. Macintyre and
presented by Walter J. Eyerdam of Seattle, Washington.

Diagnosis. — A species of the subgenus Lamellaxis of Leptinaria,
characterized by its turrite form with decidedly convex whorls and
by the almost regular though very delicate striation.

Comparisons. — Among its consubgeners, this new species most
resembles L. paludinoides Orbigny from Cuba, but is smaller and
more turrite, has more swollen whorls and has the aperture narrower
in its upper half, thus resembling the outlines of a pear.

Description of type. — Shell turrite, imperforate, creamy-whitish,
glossy, almost smooth, but covered with closely spaced, almost
regular and very delicate striae. Whorls 63^, the earlier ones
moderately, the later ones decidedly convex and with an impressed
line near and parallel to the deeply cut suture. Aperture small,
pear-shaped, slightly oblique; columella rather concave, broadly
truncate below.

Measurements of type. — Height 6.4 mm., width 2.3 mm., height
of aperture 1.6 mm., width of aperture 1.1 mm.

Paratypes. — Five paratypes, Chicago Natural History Museum
No. 30845, with the same data as the type. No striking variations
from the type are discernible.

Discussion. — The new L. eyerdami is the first species of the other-
wise West Indian subgenus Lamellaxis reported from the mainland
of South America.

Chilina minuta sp. nov. Figure 125.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30941, from
Banos Morales near Santiago, Chile. Collected by Tito Ramirez
in February, 1948, and presented by Dr. W. Weyrauch.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 543

Diagnosis. — With 53^ whorls and 11.1 mm. height, this is the
smallest of all known species of Chilina.

Comparisons. — C. minuta has little if any resemblance to other
Chilinidae, being so much smaller and decidedly lymnaeiform in
shape.

Description of type. — Shell elongate-ovate, subsolid, imperforate,
with a pointed apex and a high aperture. Whorls 53^, rapidly
increasing, rather convex, separated by a subcrenulate suture; apex

Fig. 125. Chilina minuta sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No. 30941, type. A, Front
view. B, Side view. Both about X 4.

smooth, globular, almost at 90 degrees of the axis of the shell, the
remaining whorls finely radially striate; conchinic layer rufous, with
decurrent zigzag stripes of brownish purple. Aperture higher than
the spire, elongate-ovate, pointed above, rounded below, peristome
straight, not thickened; columella long, vertical, with a slight, twisted
lamella near its upper end.

Measurements of type. — Height 11.1 mm., width 5.4 mm., height
of aperture 7.9 mm., width of aperture 2.8 mm.

Paratypes. — No. 30942 (13) Chicago Natural History Museum,
with the same data as the type. No remarkable variations from the
conditions in the type can be seen.

Helicina (Helicina) munda sp. nov. Figure 126.

Type. — Chicago Natural History Museum No. 30937, from
Ayancocha, near Huanuco, Peru. Altitude 2,200 meters. Collected
and presented by Dr. W. Weyrauch.

544 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 31

Diagnosis. — A species of Helicina proper, characterized by the
otherwise unfamiliar combination of small size (diam. 6.3 mm.) with
rather swollen whorls, the last of which is bluntly carinated, and with
a definite, closely set spiral striation on the upper side of the whorls.

Comparisons. — None of the Andean species of Helicina seem to
bear any closer relation to this novelty, which resembles much the

Fig. 126. Helicina (Helicina) munda sp. nov. C.N.H.M. No. 30937, type.
A, Front view. B, View from below. Both about X 5.

brasiliensis group from Brazil, especially brasiliensis Gray with its
subspecies, and densestriata J. A. Wagner, all of which are, however,
larger than H. munda.

Description of type. — Shell depressedly conical with convex base,
thin, transparent, somewhat shining, yellowish on the earlier whorls,
light brown on the last. Whorls 4^, regularly increasing, apex
prominent though globular, suture shallow but definite. All the
whorls, save the apical one, are covered on their upper side by clear
cut though not deep spiral incisions that become obsolete beyond
the bluntly carinated periphery. Under side of shell somewhat more
convex than upper side. Aperture rounded triangular, peristome
not thickened, reflexed only very little and only below and at the
columella; columella thin, vertical and passing over into the basal
margin in a rounded angle; basal callus narrow, bordered by a
shallow furrow. Operculum unknown.

Measurements of type. — Height 4.0 mm., width 6.3 mm., height
of aperture 3.2 mm., width of aperture 2.5 mm.

Paratypes. — The two paratypes under Chicago Natural History
Museum No. 30938, with the same data as the type, correspond
completely with it.

HAAS: SOUTH AMERICAN NON-MARINE SHELLS 545

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Henderson, J. B. and Bartsch, P.

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Pain, T.

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