i a tO a Oe NN Nee > REMARES ON THE NUMBER OF UNIONIDZ. Descriptions of Fifteen new species of Uruguayan UNIONIDZ. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES OF UNIONIDZ, From Brazil and Buenos Ayres. REMARES ON THE COLOR OF THE UNIONIDZ. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES OF MELANIZA: Of the United States. DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES OF UNIONES, From North America. REMARES ON THE FORM OF THE PALPI OF ANODONTZ, From Uruguay. REMARES ON PHYSA: IN A CISTERN. REMARKS ON ECHINUS PERFORATING GRANITE. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOURTEEN NEW SPECIES OF SCHI- ZOSTOMA, &c., AND RECLAMATION OF THE NAME. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF UNIONES, From Georgia. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF UNIONES, From Mexico. DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF UNIONIDZ, From the United States. DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES OF UNIONIDZ, From Alabama. Descriptions of Three new species of Exotic UNIONIDZ. Descriptions of Twenty-five new species of UNIONIDZ. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF NERITINA, From Coosa River. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF ANODONTZ, From Arctic America. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF SCHIZOSTOMA, &c. DESCRIPTIONS OF TWELVE NEW SPECIES OF UNIONES, From Alabama. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS, (STREPHOBASIS.) Descriptions of Forty-nine new species of MSLANIZ. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FOSSIL MOLLUSCA, 4 / { GLAD) From New Jersey. Descriptions of Eleven new species of the genus UNIO. Descriptions of Seven new species of the genus IO. BY ISAAC LEA, LL. D., &e. &c. PHILADELPHIA: 1862. ees eee aeeeOOOOeeOOOeee Oa oe eae eV eas>O 0 er eee>~=sasa FNS Meh. Shafrhchsdey, pr. 3/ et Figs ai $3.—/3 Ae Extracts from the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, of papers, By Isaac Lea. (Communicated March 13th, 1860.] Mc. Lea stated that when he made some remarks, a few weeks since, on the Unionide of the United States, he gave the number of them incorrectly by an inadvertence. He now desired to restate them numerically : Unio, - ¢ = - ¢ - ¢ c “ : 465 species. Margaritana, . : - . : o a F 5 26 ' Anodonta, ° 5 : : 5 ; c ‘ c 59 ae 550 To these may be added, new species in his cabinet not yet described, 2 : 6 2 c 30 580 And to these may be added, for North America, known to inhabit Mexico, Honduras, Central America and one in Canada, Unio, 29 Anodonta, 8 _ 73it 617 It will be observed that we have not in North America either of the genera Triquetra, (Hyria, Lam.,) Prisodon, (Castalia, Lam.,) Monocondylea, Mycetopus, Byssandonta, or Plagiodon. They are all emphatically South American types, while there does not seem to inhabit the southern half of America a single species of Margaritana, (Alasmodonta, Say.) Ferussac has described a species (A. ineurva) as coming from South America, but there is reasonable doubt of it. The Monocondylea and Margaritana seem mutually to replace each other. The Uniones and Anodonte prevail in both parts of the continent over all the other genera, both as to numbers and universality of distribution. The genus Mulleria, (Acostea, D’Orb.) has only been found in the tributaries of the Mag- dalena in New Granada. Lbs es Fay i) Descriptions of Fifteen new Species of Uruguayan UNIONIDE. BY ISAAC LEA, [Read March 13th, 1860.] During the winter of 1858-59, R. B. Forbes, Hsq., of Boston, whose name has heen identified with so many works of philanthropy and public utility, organ- ized an excursion to the La Plata, the Uruguay and Rio Negro rivers, in South America; his object in part being to afford facilities for studying the natural his- tory of the countries bordering on these waters. Professor J. Wyman, who ac- companied him, has most kindly placed at my disposal all the specimens of the Unionide which he had been enabled to collect in these extensive southern fresh waters. In this very interesting collection I was surprised to find so many species which had not been before observed. These are now herein described, and consist of eleven Uniones and four Anodonte. The whole number brought of these fresh water Mulluscs, was twenty-three species. Those heretofore de- scribed are Prisodon truncatus, Schum., (Castalia ambigua, Lam.,) Unio Para- nensis, Lea., U. parallelopipedon, Lea., Anodonta rotunda, Spix, A. trapezalis, Lam., A. lato-marginata, Lea, A. tenebricosa, Lea, A. Blainvilliana, Lea. In addition there were three small species of Cyrena, two of which I have not ascertained, the third is the variegata of D’Orbigny. There was also a small species of Cyclas. Unio Wymanit.—Testa levi, anticé subsulcata, quadrata, compressa, ad latere planulata, ineequilaterali, posticé obtusé angulaté, anticé rotundaté; valvulis subcrassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus prominulis, ad apices divaricate undu- latis; epidermide tenebroso-oliva, vel eradiaté vel obsoleté radiata; dentibus cardinalibus compressis, erectis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus ; later- alibus longis, crenulatis subcurvisque ; margarita argentea et valde iridescente, Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. Unio Urvuguayensis.—Testa levi, anticé subsulcata, ellipticd, inflata, subequi- laterali, posticé obtusé angulata, anticé rotundati; valvulis subcrassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus subprominentibus, ad apices divaricaté undulatis; epi- dermidé virido-fusca, posticé tenebricosé, polit, obsoleté radiata ; dentibus car-' dinalibus compressis, crenulatis suberectisque ; lateralibus longis subrectisque ; margarita argentea et iridescente. Hab.—Uruguay River, 8. America. Prof. J. Wyman. Unio picrr.—Testé levi, elliptic, inflata, subequilaterali, posticé obtusé az- gulata, anticé obliqué rotundat&i; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé paulisper cras- 3 sioribus; natibus subprominentibus, inflatis, ad apices divaricaté undulatis ; epidermide nigro-fusea, striata, obsoleté radiata; dentibus cardinalibus com- pressis, crenulatis; lateralibus sublongis curvisque; margarita argentea ¢t iridescente. Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. Unio PER#FoRMIS.—Testa levi, subrotund4, inflata, valdé inequilaterali, posticé obtusé subangulata, anticé obliqué rotundatd; valvulis subcrassis, an- ticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus vix prominentibus, inflatis; epidermide striata, nigro-virente, eradiatai; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, compressis crenulatisque; lateralibus sublongis subrectisque; margarita argented et iri- descente. Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. Unio Nocturnis.—Testa levi, subrotunda, subcompressa, inequilaterali, an- ticé et posticé rotundata; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus: natibus promi- nulis, subinflatis; epidermide nigricante, anticé rugoso-striata, eradiata; den- tibus cardinalibus parviusculis, erectis; subcompressis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus. sublongis valdé curvisque; margarité vel alba vel salmonis colore tincta. Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman, Uyio FUNEBRALIS.—Testi levi, subrotundatd, compressissimé, inequilaterali, anticé et posticé rotundata; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus prominulis, compressis; epidermide nigricante, striata, ad apices micante, eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, subcompressis, tripartitis ; later- alibus sublongis valdé curvisque; margaritd vel albé vel salmonis colore tincta. Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. Unio cratus.—Testa levi, subrotunda, subinflata, inequilaterali, anticé et posticé rotundata; valvulis subcrassis, anticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus subprominentibus, ad apices divaricaté undulatis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, micanté, obsoleté radiati; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, compressis striatisque; lateralibus sublongis subcurvisque: margariti alba et iridescente. Hab.—Uruguay River, 8. America. Prof. J. Wyman. Usio piscutus.—Testa levi, subrotunda, valdé compressa, valdé inequilat- erali, anticé et posticé rotundata; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé paulisper cras- sioribus; natibus subprominentibus, ad apices paulisper divaricaté undulatis ;: epidermide tenebroso-castanea, minuté striata obsoleté radiatique ; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, lamellatis crenulatisque; lateralibus sublongis. stri- atis curvisque: margarita alba et iridescente. Hab.—Urugnay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 1 Unio Piceus.—Testa levi, elliptica, subinflata, valdé inequilaterali, posticé subrotundata, anticé obliqué rotundata; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus prominulis ; epidermide micante, nigra, striata obsolete radiata vel eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, compressis, obliquis, in valvulo sinistro singulis; lateralibus sublongis subcurvisque; margarita cerulea alba et iridescente. Hab.—Uruguay River, 8. America. Prof. J. Wyman. Unio Leripus.—Testa levi, ellipticaé, subinflaté, valdé inzquilaterali, postice subrotundata, anticé rotund’; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé paulisper crassiori- bus; natibus prominulis, ad apices rugosé et divaricaté undulatis; epidermide polita, fusco-virenté, striata, radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, com- pressis, obliquis; lateralibus sublongis subcurvisque; margarita cwruleo-alba et valdé iridescente. ab.—Uruguay River, S. America, Prof. J. Wyman. Unio AtHiops.—Testa levi, oblongé, subinflaté, ad lateré planulata, valde inequilaterali, posticé biangulata, anticé rotundat&; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé erassioribus ; natibus prominulis, planulatis, ad apices divaricaté undu- latis; epidermide micante, nigra, striaté, eradiati; dentibus cardinalibus par- viusculis, compressis, obliquis, suberectis crenulatisque ; lateralibus prelongis. crenulatis rectisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab,—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. Avyoponta Wymanu.—Testa levi, elliptica, subinflata, ineequilaterali, postice subbiangulata, anticé regulariter rotundata; valvulis crassis, anticé paulisper srassioribus ; natibus prominulis, ad apices equis; epidermide cinnomomea, vel eradiata vel obsoleté radiata; margarita rosed et valde iridescente. Hab.—Uruguay River, 8S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. ANoDONTA RUBICUNDA—Testa alata, levi, subrotunda, inflata, subequilaterali, anticé et posticé rotundata; valvulis subtenuibus; natibus elevatis, tumidis, rosaceis; epidermide tenebroso-rufo-fuscd, vel obsoleté radiata vel eradiata. margarita rufo-salmonis colore tincté et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. Anoponta Forsesiana.——Testa levi, suboblongd, ventricosa, inequilaterali. valvulis crassiusculis; natibus elevatis, inflatis; epidermide luteo-fusca. micante, vel eradiata vel obsoleté radiata; margarité albida et valde iridescente. Hab—-Uruguay River, 8S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. 5 Avyoponta Urveuavensis.—Testi levi, obovati, ventricosa, valdé inequilat- erali; valvulis subcrassis, antice paulisper crassioribus; natibus subelevatis. tumidis ; epidermide tenebroso-oliva, eradiata; margarita ceruleo-alba et valde iridescente. /Tab.— Uruguay River, S. America. Prof. J. Wyman. Descriptions of Four New Species of UNIONIDZ from Brazil and Buenos Ayres. BY ISAAC LEA. (Read March 13th, 1860.) Unio TRiripus.—Testa levi, obliquo-oblonga, ad lateré planulatai, valdé in- quilaterali, posticé acuté angulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis crassiusculis. anticé crassioribus ; natibus prominentibus, ad apices rugosé et divaricaté un- dulatis; epidermide micante, luteo-viridi, eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus grandibus, trifidis, sulcatis; lateralibus longis, crenulatis, in valvulo dextro trifidis; margarité argentea et iridescente. Hab.—Buenos Ayres, South America. M. D’Orbigny. Unio PATELLOIDES.—Testa levi, subrotundi, subcompressa, subequilaterali. anticé et posticé rotundata; valvulis subcrassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus prominulis, ad apices divaricaté undulatis; epidermide tenebroso-castanea. striata, eradiati; dentibus cardinalibus longis, compressis, obliquis, crenulatis corrugatisque; lateralibus longis, crenulatis curvisque; margarita argentea et iridescente. Hab.—Awazon River, Brazil. Captain George Brown. Rio Plata. H.Cum- ing. ANoponTa AmazoneNnsis.—Testa levi, transversa, subinflata, valdé inequi- laterali, posticé subbiangulaté, anticé rotunda; valvulis subcrassis; natibus subelevatis, tumidis ; epidermide micante, tenebroso-viridi, nigricante, vel era- diata vel obsoleté radiata; margarit& intus subrosed et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Upper Amazon, Brazil. C.M. Wheatley. AxoponTa Moricanpu.—Testa levi, obliqué quadrati, subinflata, ad latere planulata, valdé inequilaterali, posticé obtusé angulata et hiante; anticé obliqué rotundata et valdé hiante ; valvulis tenuibus, diaphinis; natibus sub- prominentibus; epidermide luteo-oliva, polita, obsoleté radiaté, margarita ceruleo-alba et valde iridescente. Hab.—Bahia, Brazil. S. Moricand, Geneva. {Communicated March 20th, 1860.] Mr. Lea read extracts from letters of Dr. Lewis, of Mohawk, New York, on the subject of the coloring matter of the nacre of the genus Unio, and exhibited some fine specimens to illnstrate the subject. The following extracts will fully convey Dr. Lewis’s ideas on this subject which has much interest with the naturalist. “Thinted something about Uniones being colored with an oxide or salt of gold. My reasons for this are derived from observing some singular phenomena in colors on submitting shells to the action of chloride of gold, and then bring- ing them in contact with tin. Whether a stannate of gold formed and precipi- tated on the shells or not, I cannot say, but the colors were very much intensi- fied. It is to be remarked that the colors of such shells as Unio complanaius and of U. ligamentinus, when colored, are such as result from the presence of gold in a state of atomic division and dissemination in a semi-opake body. I think nitro-muriatic acid with a minuta trace of gold in it, if applied to shells, will produce colors, but I never have satisfactorily demonstrated this. My observa- tions are derived from having once used acid in which was a small quantity of gold, too small to be reclaimed.” “T notice that colors are most brilliant in regions where gold may be sus- pected. In the Lake regions of the Western States, minerals are abundant, and the conditions are not incompatible with the supposition that gold is spar- ingly disseminated among them, in quantities too small perhaps to be ayailable, but no doubt it is there.” ‘“ As regards colors in the nacre of Uniones, you are correct in saying that Uniones are colored where thereis no gold. But there are some species that are not colored unless you find them in some particular localities. If that is taken into consideration we shall, perhaps, be more ready to accept the gold theory.. Modern investigations show that gold exists in soils that, until they were rigidly tested, were not suspected to contain it. In fact Iam disposed to believe that gold is more universally disseminated than is generally supposed.” “But, the question is one I take no particular interest in, except that it pre- sents itself incidentally. JI know one fact that you also know. That of two streams producing identically the same species, one will give a large propor- tion of white nacres, and the other will present colored nacres, and usually we also notice another phenomenon—a greater brilliancy of nacre where rich colors abound. In this case I have my private opinion that gold produces its peculiar tonic effect, for tonte it is under certain circumstances by increasing the secre- tions.” 7 “To have gold in a shell, it is not necessary itshould be an oxide. Itis only necessary it should have been received into the circulation of the animal, in solution as chloride, or some other possible soluble form that chemistry has not brought to light; and when once in the circulation it may be eliminated by be- ing deprived of its solving principle and excreted or secreted with the other solid matter that enters into the formation of the shell. Thestannate of gold, or purple of Cassius, may be wholly deprived of the tin associated with it, yet re- tain its purple color, and its condition of atomic division, if so you are pleased to call it. But I only offer this as suggestive of something for those interested to follow further. Iam not enough of a chemist to develop any facts out ofa suspicion of this kind.” Mr. Lea remarked, after reading the above extracts, that the purple, pink and salmon color of many of our American Unionide had had his attention from the period of his first studying this beautiful and interesting family, more than thirty years since. Without having experimented himself upon them, he was aware that no chemist had been able to detect the presence of a metal or other elementary body. He therefore thought it likely to be caused by the presence of some organic body which had not yet been detected; such is supposed by chemists tobe the case with the colored fluates of lime, colored quartz, &c. What Dr. Lewis states as regards the colors being more frequent and more in- tense in the waters of Michigan and in the streams leading into the northern great lakes from the southern side, is very true. The Unio rectus is usually white in the Ohio, though sometimes tinted with purple and salmon color, while in the more northern waters it is usually of a fine rich purple or salmon. Two specimens from the upper Mississippi, brought by Dr. Cooper, were exhibited by Mr. Lea, which were of exquisite purple and salmon. The Unio ligamentinus has probably never been found pink or purple in the Ohio, while at Grand Rapids, Michigan, those with a fine pink and salmon color are very common. The Margaritana margaritifera of Columbia river and its tributaries has a fine purple nacre in almost all the specimens, rarely white, while those in the rivers of Pennsylvania, Connecticut and Massachusetts are almost universally white, as those from the northern part of Europe are also. Dr. Draper had informed Mr. Lea that he had calcined some of these purple shells, but that they had burned white and he had not detected any metallic sub- tance in their composition. The subject was certainly one well worth the pursuit, as no doubt could remain that the color was derived from some foreign sub- stance entering into the composition of some individuals, while others were free from if. It was not an uncommon case to find the dorsal portion of the nacre to be pink or purple while the other portions were white, and this was 8 also sometimes the case with the cavity of the beaks. Mr. Lea did not believe the color arose, as some persons supposed, from the structure of the surface of the nacre dividing the rays of light by thin laminations. This division of color was exhibited in almost every species, and is what naturalists call the ‘““pearly hue,” oftentimes of great beauty, but quite a different matter from the pink, purple and salmon color of the mass of the carbonate of lime com- posing the substance of the valves. Descriptions of Four New Species of MELANIDZ of the United States. BY ISAAC LEA. (Read March 20th, 1860.) Scuizocuitus SHowaLTeri.—Testa transversé costata, subcylindracea, crassi, castaned, minute striaté ; spira elevati; suturis impressis; anfractibus subplanulatis ; fissuré submagna, profurdé; apertura subparva, elliptica, intus vittataé ; columella subcrassé; labro paulisper crenulato. Hab.—Coosa river, Uniontown, Alabama. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. AncuLosa SHOWALTERII.—Testé valdé costata, suborbiculari, crassi, tenebroso- fused, nigricante, exilissimé striaté; spird brevissim4 ; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus inflatis, septenis transversis costis indutis; aperturd magna, sub- rotundé, superné subangulata, interné tenebroso-vittata ; columella crass, planulata, tenebroso-fusc4i:; labro valdé extenso et valdé crenulato. Hab.—Coosa river, Uniontown, Alabama. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA CRENATELLA.—Testa transverse striata, turrito-subulata, subcostata, paulisper plicata, subtenui, tenebroso-fusc4, nigricante ; spira elevata, ad apices crebré plicata ; suturis valde impressis ; anfractibus septenis, planulatis, trans- versis costis indutis; apertura parva, elliptica, intus vittata; columella albida, incurvata ; labro subcontracto et valdé crenulato. Hab.—Coosa river, Uniontown, Alabama. H. R. Showalter, M. D. MeaniA NewBerrvi.—Testi levi, ovato-conica, subtenui, tenebroso-fusca, » trivittaté, inferné suturis lutea; spira subelevata; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus senis, inflatis; apertura parviuscula, ovato-rotundata, intus albida et vittata ; columella albida, incurvata; labro inflato. Hab.—Upper des Chutes river, Oregon Territory. J.S. Newberry, M. D. Descriptions of Five New Species of UNIONES from North Alabama. BY ISAAC LEA. [Read March 20th, 1860.] Usto popicus.—Testa levi, subtrigona, compressa, inwquilaterali, posticé obtusé angulatd, anticé rotunda ; valvulis subcrassis, anticé crassioribus ; na- tibus prominulis, ad apices rugoso-undulatis ; epidermide luteo-fusca, micarte, virido-radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus crassiusculis, erectis, compressis crenu- latisque ; lateralibus subcurtis, crassis subcuryisque ; margarita alba et irides- cente. Hab.—North Alabama, Prof. Tuomey; and Florence, Alabama, L. B. Thorn- ton, Esq. Unio CAMELOPARDILIS.—Testa levi, oblonga, subinflata, inequilaterali, postice obtusé biangulata, anticé regulariter rotundata; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé crassioribus; natibus prominulis, ad apices rugoso-undulatis; epidermide lutea, polita, undiqué virido-maculata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, erectis, compresso-pyramidatis crenulatisque ; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subrectis- que; margarita luteo-alba et valde iridescente. Hab.—North Alabama, Prof. Tuomey. Unto Fucatus.—Testa levi, elliptici, subinflata, valdé inequilaterali, posticé subbiangulata, anticé rotundata; valvulis tenuibus, anticé paulisper crassiori- bus; natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis; epidermide olivo-lutea, micante, undiqué virido-maculata ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compresso-conicis, cre- nulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subcur- yisque; margarita vel cerulea vel luteo-alba et valde iridescente. Hab.—North Alabama, Prof. Tuomey. Tuscumbia, L. B. Thornton, Esq. Unio pisckEPANS.—Testa levi, elliptica, subinflata, ad lateré subplanulata, yaldé inzquilaterali, posticé obtusé biangulataé, anticé rotundaté; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé crassioribus ; natibus prominulis; epidermide luteo-oliva, micante, radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compresso-conicis crenulatis- que; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margaritfé vel alba vel pur- purea et valde iridescente. Hab.—North Alabama, Prof. Tuomey. 10 Unto PLANICOSTATUS.—Testa levi, elliptica, compressa, ad latere subplanulata, valdé inequilaterali, posticé obtusé biangulata; anticé rotundata; valvulis tenutbus, diaphanis, anticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide olivacea, undiqué radiata; dentibus cardinalibus par- vis, conicis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus longis lamel- latis subcurvisque; margarita vel ceruleo-alba vel purpurascente et valde irtdescente. ‘ Hab.—Tuscumbia, Alabama, L. B. Thornton, Esq. Unto scitutus.—Testa levi, elliptica, inflata, valdé inzquilaterali, posticé obtusé biangulata, anticé rotundati; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé crassioribus ; natibus prominentibus, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide lutea, undique virido- radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, erectis, acuminatis, crenulatis, in utroque valyulo duplicibus; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subrectisque; mar- varita alba et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Tuscumbia, Alabama, L. B. Thornton, Esq. [Communicated April 10th, 1860.] Mr. Lea remarked that he had recently received from Prof. J. Wyman specimens in alcohol of two species of Anodonta from the Uruguay River, South America, descriptions of the soft parts of which he had made, and in- tended, at a future time, to publish in the Journal at length; but he wished at present to mention that he had found a form of Palpi (mouth lips) different from any of the Unionide which had come under his notice from any other part of the world. The form of the Palpi heretofore described have always been obliquely or transversely elliptical or subtriangular, while these two spe- cies, An. Wymanii, Lea, and An. lato-marginata, Lea, are round, and the pair on either side only joined above, the edges being entirely free. Itis greatly to be regretted that more or all the South American Unionide could not have been examined, as regards their soft parts, to ascertain if this difference of form of the Palpi should be persistently different in all the South American Unionide, or only with this member of the family—the Anodonte. 11 [Communicated May Sth, 1850.] Mr. Lea mentioned that he had recently received a letter from Dr. Showalter of Uniontown, Alabama, in which he mentions that specimens of Physa (gyrina) Say, which he sent on, were obtained in an open neglected cistern, and in a trough of water supplied by an Artesian well ten miles from the town. Dr. S. expressed his surprise that these Physe should find their homes so soon at these Artesian wells. There are no streams or pools near to these wells, but in a few years after they are bored and water supplied, these shells may with certainty be found. Mr. Lea went on to mention that he had nearly 30 years ago found an undescribed species of Lymnea, accompained by Physa heterostropha, Say, in # small artificial pond on the high grounds near to the Falls of Schuylkill, about four miles north of Market Street, now within the limits of this City. He published an account of it in April 1834, in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. under the-name of acuta. The pond was small and dug out for 14 to 2 feet deep, simply for the supply of rain water for cattle. Afterwards it dried up and the shells were no longer to be obtained there. He never found this Lymnee in, any other habitat; but many years subsequently, Dr. Ingalls, of Greenwich, N. Y., near to Lake Champlain, sent him several specimens of what he regard- ed as a new Lymnea, but which was at once recognised as the acuta, heretofore found only in the one habitat near the Falls of Schuylkill. In the minds of some zoologists a difficulty exists as to existence of species in such constricted, isolated points as mentioned above, but that difficulty in Mr. Lea’s mind was done away with under the belief that very young molluscs may be transported on the feet of birds from distant points, or on those of cattle going to drink from one place to another. The idea of spontaneous generation could not of course be for one moment admitted. 12 (Communicated May 22d, 1860.] Mr. Lea called the attention of the members to two very remarkable speci- mens of Hehinus, perforating rocks, which he had recently received from Mr. Cailliaud, of Nantes, the Egyptian traveller. He also exhibited a specimen of Sandstone from Payta in Peru, which contained Petricola, Lithophagus, &c. He reminded the members that he had presented to the Academy a very remarka- ble specimen, which he had received about two years since from Mr. Cailliaud, being a mass of gneiss which had been perforated by Pholades. When. Mr. Cailliaud, who had advocated, contrary to the opinion of most naturalists, the theory that some of the Molluscs bored the rocks by friction and not by de- composition, found that gneiss and granite and other silicious rocks were pene- trated by them, he entirely settled that question, for there are no acids known which will decompose silex. Mr. Lea remarked that the two specimens now on the table were still more remarkable. The smaller one consisted of two specimens of Z2hinus lividus, Lam., which had buried themselves in the solid granite, one of them having made a circular hole 14 inch deep, and 2 inches wide. This specimen came from the granite coast of the Loire-Inférieure The second specimen consisted of quite a congress of individuals of the same species, imbedded in a solid mass of hard Silurian Sandstone, from the Bay of Douarnenez, in the Department of Finistére. In this beautiful specimen there are five individuals nestled in their circular holes, worked out in this hard stone by the attrition of their teeth, and there are three holes vacated. The specimen is 5 inches by 6}, and there being eight holes in all, their circumferences nearly impinge on each other. Mr. Cailliaud is entirely satisfied that the boring is purely mechanical, that the five teeth are the instruments of exploitation, and that it is by the percussion of their points on the rocks that these holes are effected. The teeth are inform like the rodents, and constantly increase as worn at the outer extremity. He made a hole five millimetres deep and forty in circumference with a bundle of the teeth in an hour. One of the colonies which he examined was in a bay, and contained about two thousand holes, each one filled, and at low water they were but a short distance below the surface. Some of the specimens were not larger than a pea, and probably only five days old. The holes were not all made by the present occupants, most of them pro- bably being very old and haying successive inhabitants. Mr. Cailliaud men- tioned in his letter to Mr. Lea that he shortly expected to receive from Guada- loupe an oval Eckinws which had made its oval hole in the mass of Madreporite. 18 Descriptions of Fourteen new species of Schizostome, Anculose and Lithasiz. BY ISAAC LBA. [Read May 22d, 1860.] It will be observed that I have in this paper adopted my first name (Sehizus- toma) for the division of those Melanide which have a cut or fissure in the upper portion of the last whorl. This name I proposed in December, 1842. Subsequently finding that it was used by Bronn in 1835 I abandoned it, and proposed the name of Schizochilus as a substitute, (Obs. on the Genus Unio, vy. 5,p.51, 1852.) Iam now satisfied that Bronn’s name was applied to the same genus—Luomphalus—which Sowerby established in 1814, (Min. Conch. tab. 45.) This evidently liberates my original name, and Herrmannsen, in the Appendix to his ‘‘Generum Malacozorum,” very properly restores it. It was sapposed that this was the Melatoma of Swainson, and Mr. Anthony adopted this name. But it is evident that Mr. Swainson’s Melatoma is not my Schizostoma. By refe- rence to his figure (Malacology, p. 342, f. 104) it will be observed at once that there has never been observed in the United States any of the group of which that figure is the type, while it is known that they exist in the islands of the Indian Ocean. Mr. Swainson says (p. 202) that his Melatoma was “‘ founded apon a remarkable Ohio shell” sent by Rafinesque. Now, as no member of the family Melanide with a cut in the lip has ever been found in the Ohio, where such hosts of active collectors have since pursued their investigations, it is perhaps beyond the bounds of possibility that the specimen sent by Rafinesque. 30 eminently careless and reckless as he always was, should ever have been found there. Indeed, if the specimen figured was sent by Mr. Rafinesqae to Mr. Swainson, then the question would arise whether it had not been obtained by Mr. R. from some dealer or collector, who may have obtained it from Asia. I have no doubt of the Melatoma costata, which Mr. Swainson has figured, being exotic, and belonging toa group probably from the Philippine Islands. Mr. Anthony says, page 64, Proc. A. N.S. 1860, that “it may be doubted whether Mr. Lea’s first name will not eventually prevail, since, before he pub- lished Schizostoma, Bronn’s genus of the same name had been called a synonym of Bifrontia, Desh.” And that “‘H. and A. Adams (Gen. Rec. Moll. 1, 105) do not appear correct in giving preference to G'yrotoma over Schizostoma, Lea,” &c. Notwithstanding this, Mr. Anthony in this paper, where he describes nine sup- posed new species of this genus, adopts the generic name of Gyrotoma. It may be added here that Dr. Gray, in his Genera of Recent Mollusca, gives Melatoma to 14 Mr. Anthony, not to Swainson, while he does not notice the name of Schizos- toma. Mr. A. does not pretend to claim it, of course, but adopts Gyrotoma, Mr. Shuttleworth’s name, proposed in 1845, which being three years later cannot have precedence. The genus Schizostoma seems to be capable of being divided into two natural groups in the form of the jisswra, the cut in the lip. In one group this fissura is deep and direct, that is parallel with the suture or upper edge of the whorl ; in the other it is not deep and is oblique to the suture. In Mr. Anthony’s paper ¢Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Feb., 1860) I recognize several of my old species. His Gyrotoma demissa I believe to be my Schizostoma con- stricta. His G. quadrata to be my S. incisa. ScuizostoMa CASTANEA.—Testa carinata, conica, subcrassf, tenebroso-fusca, imperforata ; spira elevaté ; suturis valdé impressis; anfractibus senis, planu- latis, unicarinatis, quadrivittatis ; fissurd recta, angusta profundague ; apertura parviusculd, elliptica, intus vittaté, ad basim subrotundata ; columella alba, in- erassata; labro acuto, vix sinuato. Hab.—Coosa River, Alab. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. ScuizostoMa GLANS.—Testa levi, ovato-conica, inflata, subcrassd, luteo-cor- nea, striata, imperforata ; spiré obtuse elevati; suturis regulariter impressis ; anfractibus senis, obsoleté vittatis, ultimo subgrandi; fissura recté, angusta profundique ; apertura parviuscula, ellipticaé, intus albida, ad basim obtuse angulata ; columella albida, superné incrassata ; labro-acuto, subsinuato. Hab.—Coosa River, Alab. E, R. Showalter, M. D. ScuizosToMa GLoposa.—Testa transversé striata, globosi, subtenui, luteola, imperforaté ; spiri curta, obtusé conoided ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus qua~- ternis, trivittatis, ultimo grandi; fissura recta, angust& brevique; apertura subgrandi, elliptica, intus vittaté, ad basim angulata; columella alba, incur- vata ; labro acuto, expanso. Hab.—Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. ScHIzoSTOMA VIRENS.—Testa subnodulosa, curta, inflata, subcrassa, tenebroso- viridi, exilissimé striata, imperforata ; spira obtusa ; suturis impressis ; anfrac- tibus subplanulatis et trivittatis ; fissura obliquaé brevique; apertura elongata, subpyriformi, intus tenebroso-vittata ; columella superné purpurata et incras- sata ; labro acuto, sinuato. Hab.—Coos River, Alab. E. R. Showalter, M. D. ScHizostoMA GLANDULA.—Testé levi, curta, inflata, subcrassa, luteo-cornea, exilissimé striatd, imperforaté; spira obtusa; suturis valdé impressis; anfrac~ 15 tibus senis, vittatis, ultimo magno et tumido; fissura obliqua brevique ; aper- tura subgrandi, elliptica, intus albidi; columella albida, superné incrassata ; labro acuto, subsinuato. Hab.—Coosa River, Alab. E. R. Showalter, M. D. Scuizostowa WETUMPKAENSIS.—Testi striata, ovato-cylindracea, crassa, pal- lido-fusca, perforata ; spira obtus4, conoidea ; suturis valdé impressis ; anfrac- tibus senis, vittatis, planulatis, ultimo grandi; fissuraé obliqua brevique ; aper- tura grandi, ovata, intus vittata, ad basim obtusé angulata; columella alba, superné incrassata ; labro acuto, sinuato. Hab.—Coosa River, at Wetumpka, Alabama. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. Scuizostoma ALABAMENSIS.—Test4 striata, elliptica, robusta, luteo-olivacea, imperforata, spira obtuso-conoidea ; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus senis, vittatis, subinflatis, ultimo pergrandi; fissuré obliqua subbrevique ; apertura subgrandi, ovata, intus vittata, ad basim rotundata ; columella alba, inferné et superné paulisper incrassata; labro acuto, sinuato. Hab.—Alabama. B.W. Budd, M. D., and E. R. Showalter, M. D. Scuizostoma Harrmanu.—tTesta levi, subcylindracea, crassa, luteo-cornea, imperforaté ; spira elevat&; suturis valdé impressis; anfractibus planulatis, ultimo subgrandi; fissura recta subbrevique; apertura parviuscula, ovata, intus alba, ad besim obtusé angulata ; columella alba, incnrva, inferné paulis- per incrassata ; labro acuto, sinuato. Hab.—Coosa River, Alab. W. D. Hartman, M. D. ScHizostoma PumiLa.—Testa striata, turbonati, subtenui, pallido-cornea, imperforaté ; spiré valdé obtus&; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus senis, yentricosis, ultimo permagno; fissura recta subbrevique; apertura parviuscul4, ovata, intus alba, ad basim angulaté et subcanaliculata; columella alba, con- torta, inferné incrassat4 ; labro acuto, sinuato. Hab.—Alabama. B. W. Budd, M. D. ANcULOsA FoRMosA.—Test4 levi, globosa, subtenui, diaphana, vel luteola vel crocata, valdé vittata et maculata; spira depressa vix conspicud; suturis impressis; anfractibus ternis, ultimo magno et valdé ventricoso; apertura grandi, subrotunda, intus pallido-crocaté et tenebroso-vittata; columella in- ferné et superné incrassatd et pallido-purpurata ; labro acuto et valdé expanso. Hab.—Coosa River, Shelby Co., Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. ANCULOSA conToRTA.—Test&4 levi, globoso-ovoidea, crassa, luteo-corneda ; spira eleyata; suturis yaldée impressis; anfractibus inflatis, obsoleté transverse x 16 striatis ; apertura parva, subrotunda, contracté, intus luteo-albé; columella in- crassata; labro acuto, expanso. Hab,—Coosa River, at Watumpka, Alab. E. R. Showalter, M. D. ANCULOSA VITTATA.—Testa levi, subglobosa, crassi, luteold, valde vittata ; spira obtusa ; suturis impressis; anfractibus quarternis, inflatis, ultimo magno et yentricoso; apertura rotundd, in faucibus valdé constricti, intus vittata ; columella valdé incrassata, planulata, purpurata; labro acuto, expanso. Hab.—Coosa River, at Watumpka, Alabama. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. Liraasta Suowa.tert.—Testa levi, ovato-cylindracea, subcrassa, luteo-cor- nea, vittaté ; spird obtusé conoidea ; suturis valdé impressis, anfractibus senis, iitimo magno et planulato: apertura grandi, subovata, elongata, intus albida, tenebroso-vittata, ad basim obtusé angulata; columella inferné et superné in- crassata, incurva; labro acuto et subconstricto. Hab—Coosa River, at Watumpka, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. LirHasia NucLEA.—Testa levi, elliptica, luteo-oliva, crassa, solida, trivittata ; spira obtusé conoidea ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus quinis, ultimo magno et paulisper inflato; apertura parviuscula, ovato-rotunda, intus albida, trivittata, ad basim recurvata; columella inferné et superné incrassata, incurya; labro acuto. Tiahb.~-Coosa River, Alabama, E.R. Showalter, M. D. OO —— Yi Descriptions of Two New Species of UNIONES from Georgia. BY ISAAC LEA. [Read July 3d, 1860.] Unio Lincu#Formis.—Testa levi, elliptic, compressa, ad lateré planulata, inzequilaterali, posticé obtusé biangulata, anticé rotundaté, valvulis subte- nuibus, anticé crassioribus; natibus prominulis; epidermide pallido-lutea, subnitida, viridi-radiata, dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, obtuso-conicis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus sublongis, lamellatis subcurvisque; margarita alba et valde iridescente. Hab.—Columbus, Georgia. Unto pispar.—Testa levi, elliptica, subinflata, ad lateré paulisper planulata. yaldé inzquilaterali, posticé obtusé angulata, anticé rotundata; valvulis sub- crassis; natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis; epidermide vel lutea vel oliva et valdé radiati; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, compressis, in utrogue valvulo duplicibus, erectis, crenulatis ; lateralibus longis, lamellatis curyisque, margarita alba et iridescente. Hab.—Columbus, Georgia, Bishop Elliott and G. Hallenbeck. Descriptions of Three New Species of UNIONES from Mexico. BY ISAAC LEA. [Read July 3d, 1860.J Unro Covcntanus.—Testa levi, quadrata, inflata, biemarginata, ad lateré sul- cata, inequilaterali, posticé biangulatd, anticé rotund4 ; valvulis crassis, anticé crasssioribus ; natibus prominentibus; epidermide olivo-fuscd, striata, eradi- ata; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandibus, erectis, rugoso-striatis, crenulatis ; lateralibus sublongis, crassis curvisque; margariti argented et valdé irides- cente. Hab.—Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico, L. Berlandier, M. D. Unio SanapoEnsis.—Testé levi, obovata, inflati, inequilaterali, posticé et anticé rotundata ; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus prominulis, levibus; epidermide luteo-oliva, politi radiatique; dentibus cardinalibus paryis, lamellatis, obliquis ; lateralibus sublongis, lamellatis sub- curyisque ; margarit4 ceruleo-alba et iridescente. Hab.—Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico, L. Berlandier, M. D. 3 18 Unto coenatTus.—Testa levi, elliptic’, crassé, subinflata, valdé inequilaterali, posticé obtusé angulata, anticé rotundata ; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus subprominentibus; epidermide luteola radiatique ; dentibus cardinali- bus grandibus, crassis, pyramidatis, rugoso-striatis ; lateralibus subcurtis, sub- curvis crassisque ; margarita alba et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico, L. Berlandier, M. D. Descriptions of Seven New Species of UNIONIDZE trom the United States. BY ISAAC LEA. [Read July 3d, 1860.] Unto Lesinyi.— Testa levi, obliqua, subcompressa, ad lateré planulata, valdé inequilaterali, posticé angulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis crassis, anticé cras- sioribus; natibus subelevatis ; epidermide luteola, radiis interruptis ; dentibus cardinalibus crassis, eompresso-conicis,. obliquis; lateralibus longis, crassis subcurvisque; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab.—Kentucky, Mr. Joseph Lesley. Tennessee, Mr. J. G. Anthony. Unto castus.—Testa levi, inflata, inequilaterali, posticé angulaté, anticé rotunda, valvulis crassiusculis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus subprominentibus ; epidermide micante, luteo-viridi, radiata; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandibus, compresso-conicis, striatis crenulatisque ; lateralibus subbrevibus, rectis, la- mellatis striatisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab.—South Carolina, Prof. Tuomey. Unto Linpstey1.—Testa levi, ellipticd, compress4, ad lateré planulaté, valdé inequilaterali, posticé subbiangulata, anticé obliqué rotundaté; valvulis sub- crassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus prominulis; epidermide vel lutea vel luteo-oliva, mieante, undiqué virido-maculata; dentibus cardinalibus parvius- culis, compresso-conicis crenulatisque; lateralibus longis, crassis curvisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab.—Tennessee, President J. B. Lindsley. Unio perpictus.—Testa levi, elliptica, subinflata, valdé inaquilaterali, pos- ticé obtusé biangulata, anticé rotundata; valyulis tenuibus, diaphanis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide luteo-oliva, subnitida, undiqué virido-radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, erectis, co- nicis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus ; lateralibus longis, Iamellatis rectisque; margarité ceruleo-albA et valde iridescente. Hab.—Bull River, Tennessee, President Estabrook, and Holston River, Prof. Troost. 19 Usro Ercurs.—Testa plicata, quadrata, subcompressi, maximé undulata usque ad natium apices, valdé inzquilaterali; valvulis crassissimis, anticé erassioribus ; natibus elevatis, compressis, ad apices rugoso-undulatis ; epider- mide tenebroso-fusca, eradiata, striata; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, crassis et valdé striatis.; lateralibus longis, crassis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; marga- rita alba et valde iridescente. Hab.—Texas and Sabinas River, New Leon, Mexico, James Hights, M. D. Unto quaprans.—Testa levi, quadrati, valdé ventricosa, subequilaterali, postieé obtusé angulata, anticé subtruncatd; valvulis crassis, anticé paulisper crassioribus ; natibus elevatis, tumidis; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, eradiata, transversé striata; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, valdé compressis, striatis crenulatisque ; lateralibus longis, crassis curvisque; margarita alba et iride- scente. Hab.—Texas, Mr. C, M. Wheatley. Anoponta KenneRLyI.—Testa levi, ellipticd, subcylindraced, subventricosa, valdé inzquilaterali, anticé subtruncata, posticé biangulata ; valvulis tenuissi- mis, diaphanis; natibus vix prominentibus, ad apices exilissimé undulatis ; epidermide luteo-oliva, micante, ad margine striata, eradiata: margarita cx- ruleo-alba et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Chiloweyuch Depot, near Puget’s Sound, Washington Territory, C. B. Kennerly, M.D. Descriptions of Six New Species of UNIONIDZ from Alabama. BY ISAAC LEA. [Read July 3d, 1860.] Usito SHowatteri.—Testa levi, subrotunda, crass, sublenticulari, equila- ~ terali; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus elevatis, tumidis; epider- mide tenebroso-fuscé, eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus crassis, erectis, compres- sis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus brevibus, percrassis corruga- tisque; margarita argented et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Coosa River, Watumpka, Alab., E. R. Showalter, M. D. Unto Hartmanianus.—Testa levi, obliqué triangulari, crassa, tumidd, posticeé subbiangulari, inequilaterali; valyulis percrassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus valdé elevatis, crassis ; epidermidé tenebroso-fusca, posticé luteola, eradiata ; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandibus, erectis, compressis, corrugatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus brevibus, percrassis, obliquis corrugatisque ; margarita argentea et iridescente. Hab.—Coosa River, Watumpka, Alab., E. R. Showalter, M. D. 20 Unto poLosus.—Testa levi, obovata, subalaté, subcompressa, ad lateré pla- nulata, posticé et anticé rotundata, valdé inequilaterali; valvulis subtenuibus : natidus prominulis, ad apices minuté undulatis; epidermide virido-oliva et obsoleté radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis crennlatisque: lateralibus longis, lamellatis subcurvisque; margarita albida et purpurea, pau- lisper tincta et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Alabama River, Claiborne, Alab., Judge Tait. Coosa River, H. R. Showalter, M. D. Unio parvuLus.—Testa plicata, transversa, subinflata, ad lateré compressa, posticé obtusé angulata, valdé inequilaterali; valvulis tenuibus, anticé pau- lisper crassioribus ; natibus prominulis ; epidermidé olivacea, subvirido-macu- lata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis, crenulatis, in utroque valvalo duplicibus; lateralibus longis subrectisque ; margarit& cerulea et iridescente Hab.—Coosa River, Alab., E. R. Showalter, M. D. Unto rLancus.—Testa levi, obliquo-ovata, subcompressd, posticé biangulata anticé rotundata, valdé inequilaterali; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé paulisper crassioribus ; natibus prominulis; epidermide luteo-fusea, radiata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, erectis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus ; laterali- bus sublongis subrectisque ; margariti caeruleo-alba et valde iridescente. Hab.—Coosa River, at Watumpka, Alab., E. R. Showalter, M. D. Anoponta Suowattern.— Testa levi, elliptica, ventricosa, posticé obtusé angulata, anticé rotundaté, subzquilaterali ; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé pau- lisper crassioribus ; natibus subprominentibus, ad apices minuté undulatis; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, obsoleté radiata ; margarit& vel alba vel paulisper salmonis colore tincta et iridescente. Hab.—Coosa River, Watumpka, Alab., E. R. Showalter, M. D. Descriptions of Three New Species of Exotic UNIONIDZ. BY ISAAC LEA. [Read July 3d, 1860.] Unio occatus.— Testa plicata, elliptici, ragoso-occata, compressa, valde inz- quilaterali, posticé biangulata, anticé regulariter rotundata; natibus prominu- lis, valdé compressis, ad apices plicis pulchris divaricatis; epidermide luteo- olivé et valdé rugosi; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis, obliquis; la- teralibus sublongis subcurvisque; margarité alba-et valdé iridiscente. Hab.—Bengal, W. A. Haines. Anoponta Carttiaupu.—Testa levi, rotunda, ventricos4, iniequilaterali, an- 21 ticé superné angulata; valvulis crassis, anticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus eleyatis, tumidis, incurvis; epidermide nigro-fusca, obsoleté radiata, superné micante, inferné exilissimé striati; margarité argented et valde iridescente. Hab.—-Brazil, Monr. F. Cailliaud. Mycetorrs EMARGINATUS.—Testd lavi, transversissimé, compressa, emargi- nata, ad latere planulata, anticé inflata, posticé ampliata et compressa ; valvulis pertenuibus, diaphinis, natibus parvis, prominulis; epidermide luteo-cornea, yaldé striata, nitida, eraditi; margarita ceruleo-alba et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Siam, S. R. House, M. D. Descriptions of Twenty-five New Species of UNIONIDZE from Georgia. Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee and Florida. BY ISAAC LEA. (Read February 5th, 1861.) Usio Fapaceus.—Testa levi, oblonga, subquadrata, subinflataé, posticé sub- biangulata, subequilaterali; valyulis crassiusculis, anticé crassioribus; nati- bus prominulis; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, micante, obsoleté radiata; denti- bus cardinalibus parvis, erectis, acuminatis, crenulatis; lateralibus curtis, la- mellatis subcurvisque; margarita purpurascente, salmonis colore tincti et valde iridescente. Hab.—Oostanaula River, Georgia. Bishop Elliott. Unio 1rRAsus.—Testa levi, rotundo-trigond, inflata, posticé obtuse angulata anticé rotunda; valvulis subcrassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus subeleyatis, erassis; epidermide luteo-fusc4, vel obsoleté radiata vel eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus crassis, elevatis, subcompressis crenulatisque; lateralibus curtis, crassis, obliquis rectisque; margarita argented et iridescente. Hab.—¥towah River, Georgia. Rev. G. White. Usio Ocmune£ensis.—Testa levi, transversa, inflata, posticé obtusé biangu- lata, anticé subtruncati, valdé inequilaterali; valvulis crassis, anticé crassi- oribus; natibus prominulis; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, eradiaté, superné micante, inferné valdé striata ; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, pyramidatis striatisque ; lateralibus prelongis, lamellatis subrectisque; margarita argen- tea et iridescente. Hab.—Little Ocmulgee River, Lumber City, Georgia. S. W. Wilson, M. D. Unio cicur.—Testa levi, oblonga, subinflata, ad latere subplanulata, posticé rotundata, valde inzquilaterali; valvulis tenuibus, subdiaphanis; natibas sub- prominentibns, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide olivacea, eradiata; dentibus 22 cardinalibus parvissimis, compressis subrectisque ; lateralibus longis, pretenuis, lamellatis subrectisque; margarita ceruled et valdé iridescente. Hab,—ULittle Ocmulgee River, Georgia. S. W. Wilson, M. D. Unio crapuLus.—Testa levi, obliqua, ventricosa, ad umbones valde tumida, valdé inequilaterali, posticé rotundata, anticé truncata; valvulis percrassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus valdé prominentibus crassisque; epidermide luteo- fusca, eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus percrassis, pyramidatis, corrugatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus percrassis, corrugatis, obliquis sub- curvisque ; margarita alba et paulisper iridescente. Hab.—Etowah River, Georgia. Rey, G. White. Unio Beapueranus.—Testi levi, subrotunda, ventricosé, subzquilaterali, anticé rotundatd, posticé obtusé angulata; valvulis crassis, anticée crassioribus, natibus subelevatis, incurvis; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, obsoleté radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus magnis, erectis, compressis corrugatisque; lateralibus crassis, curtis corrugatisque; margarita vel alba vel rose, et iridescente. ITab.—Pearl River, Jackson, Mississippi. Rev. EH. R. Beadle. Unio CurckasawHensis.—Testaé levi, subrotunddé, subcompressa, sublenticu- lari, inequilaterali, posticé obtuse angulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis crassius- culis, anticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus prominulis; epidermide tenebroso- fusca, eradiata, excillissimé striata ; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, pyra- midatis, corrugatis crenulatisque ; lateralibus brevibus, subvalidis subcurvis- que; margarita rosacea et valde iridescente. Hab.—Chickasawha River, Mississippi. W. Spillman, M. D. Unio cinnaMomicus.—Testa levi, elliptica, inflata, ad umbones tumida, in- zquilaterali, posticé angulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis subcrassis, anticé cras- sioribus ; natibus subprominentibus ; epidermide cinnamomica, inferné striata, eradiata, dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis,erectis, subcompressis crenulatisque, lateralibus curtis subreetisque ; margarita albida et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Tombigbee River, Columbus, Mississippi. W. Spillman, M. D. Unio pAUPERCULUS.—Testa levi, subrotunda, subcompressa, subequilaterali, postice subrotundaé, anticé rotund4; valyulis subcrassis, anticé crassioribus : natibus prominulis; epidermide luteo-cornea, eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus mag- nis, elevatis, decussatis ; lateralibus brevissimis, obliquis rectisque; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab.—Stream near Columbus, Mississippi. W. Spillman, M. D. Usio Spitpmanu,—Testa levi, ellipticd, subinflaté, inwquilaterali, posticé ob- tusé angulata, anticé rotundata; valvulis subcrassis, anticé paulisper crassiori- a 23 bus; natibus prominnulis; epidermide tenebroso-fusca vel luteo-fuscd, ad um- bones nitida, radiata; dentibus cardinalibus crassiusculis, obtusé pyramidatis, corrugatis ; lateralibus longis, crassis corrugatisque; margarita vel alba vel salmonis colore tincta et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Luxpalila Creek, near Columbus, Mississippi. W. Spillman, M. D. Unio FLAvIpuLus.—Testa levi, ellipticd, subinflata, valdé inzquilaterali, pos- ticé obtusé angulata, anticé rotunda ; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé crassioribus ; natibus prominulis; epidermide vel luteo-fusca vel luteo-viridi, eradiat&é ; den- tibus cardinalibus parviusculis, erectis, compressis, in utroque valvulo duplici- bus ; lateralibus sublongis, lamellatis subrectisque ; margarita alba et irides- cente. Hab.—Stream near Columbus, Mississippi. W. Spillman, M. D. Unto aANATIcULUS.—Test4 levi, obliqua, ad umbones valdé tumida, anticeé truncata, posticé obtusé angulata, valdé inzquilaterali; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé crassioribus; natibus elevatis, crassis, incurvis, feré terminalibus; epi- dermide castanea, vittatd, obsoleté radiata, dentibus cardinalibus subcrassis, subpyramidatis crenulatisque; lateralibus crassis, obliquis subrectisque ; mar- garita argentea et iridescente. Hab.—Near Columbus, Mississippi. W. Spillman, M. D. Usto rvsipus.—Testa sulcatd, subtriangulari, raldé inflata, ad Iateré planu- lata, subzquilaterali, valvulis subcrassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus subpro- minentibus, subinflatis; epidermide tenebroso-rufo-fuscd, eradiataé, superné mi- cante, inferné striata ; dentibus cardinalibus crassiusculis, elevatis, subpyrami- datis crenulatisque ; lateralibus sublongis, curvis subcrassisque; margarita vel rosacea vel alba vel salmonis colore tincté et iridescente. Hab.—Tombigbee River, Mississippi. W. Spillman, M. D.; Coosa River and Big Prairie Creek, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. Unio pecuMpens.—Testa levi, arcuata, valdé compressa, ad lateré planulata, inequilaterali, posticé biangulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé et posticé paulisper crassioribus ; natibus prominulis ; epidermide tenebroso-rufo_ fusca, obsoleté radiata, transversé striaté ; dentibus cardinalibus minimis, sub- compressis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus prelongis, arcuatis ; margarita purpurascente, et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Alabama, E. R. Showalter, M. D. Usio Germanus.—Testa levi, elliptica, subinflatd, inzequilaterali, posticé sub- biangulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus 3ubprominentibus, ad apices concentricé rugoso-undulatis ; epidermide tene- broso-fusca, eradiaté, transversé striata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, erectis, 24 compressis, crenulatis, acuminatis; lateralibus tenuibus subcurvisque; mar- sarit& purpurascente et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. Unto Lewist.—Testa levi, subrotunda, suborbiculari, subequilaterali; val- vulis crassissimis, anticé crassioribus; natibus elevatis, tumidis incurvisque ; epidermide luteolé, punctata; dentibus cardinalibus crassissimis, erectis crenu- latisque ; lateralibus crassissimis, brevibus et obliquis; margarita alba et irides- cente. Hab,—Coosa River, Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. Unio mepius.—Testa levi, obliqua, valdé inflata, valdé inzquilaterali, posticé obtuse angulata, anticé obliqué rotundata; valvulis crassis, posticé crassiori- bus; natibus elevatis, tumidis; epidermide fusc4, maculata, inferné striata, superne micante; dentibus cardinalibus crassis, pyramidatis crenulatisque ; lateralibus crassis, rectis brevibusque; margarita argentea et iridescente. Jtab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. Unro concotor.—Testa levi, obliqué elliptici, subinflata, inaquilaterali, posticé subbiangulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis subcrassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibns subprominentibus; epidermide tenebroso-oliva, eradiataé, ad umbones nitid4, inferné striata ; dentibus cardinalibus crassiusculis, erectis, obtusé com- pressis; lateralibus sublongis, obliquis subrectisque ; margarita alba et irides- cente, Hab.—Big Prairie Creek, Alabama, E. R. Showalter, M. D. Unio yerus.—Testa levi, subtriangulari, subcompressa, valdé inzquilaterali, posticé feré rotunda, anticé rotunda; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé crassiori- bus; natibus elevatis: epidermide tenebroso-oliva, eradiata, maculata, vittata, ad umbones micante, inferné striati; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, com presso-pyramidatis striatisque ; lateralibus, suabbrevibus, obliquis subrectisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab.—Cahawba River, Perry Co., Alabama. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. Unio ASPERATUS.—Test4 valdé tuberculaté, subrotunda, inflata, anticé et posticé rotunda, subequilaterali; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus valdé prominentibus; epidermide rufo-lutea, eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus’ percrassis, obtuso-conicis, corrugatis ; lateralibus brevissimis, valdé obliquis rectisque; margarita argentea et iridescente. Hab.—Alabama River, Claiborne, Alabama. Judge Tait. Unio ornatTous.—Testa levi, subrotundé, compressa, inequilaterali, posticé subrotunda, anticé rotund&; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé crassioribus; nati- ‘ 25 bus subprominentibus, ad apices rugoso-undulatis; epidermide mellea, viridi maculata, superné nitida, inferné striata; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, suleatis; lateralibus brevibus, obliquis rectisque; margarita argentea et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Alabama? T. R. Ingalls, M. D. Unto PERPURPUREUS,—Testa levi, ellipticd, subinflata, inequilaterali, postice et anticé rotundata; valvulis subcrassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus promi- nulis; epidermide tenebroso-viridi, nigricente, radiis capillaris; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, erectis, conicis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus, striatis; lateralibus longis rectisque ; margarita valdé purpurea et iridescente. Hab.—Tennessee. J, G. Anthony. Uyto AnrHonyt.—Testa levi, elliptica, inflata, ad lateré planiuscula, posticé obtusé biangulata, posticé rotundatad, inequilaterali; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé paulisper crassioribus; natibus prominulis; epidermide luteo-oliva, eradiat& ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, obliquis, subcompressis crenulatisque ; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subcurvisque ; margarita ceruleo-albé et irides- cente. Hab.—Florida. J. G. Anthony. MARGARITANA QUADRATA.—Testi levi, oblong4, subcompressd, ad lateré planulata, subzquilaterali, posticé obtuse angulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé paulisper crassioribus ; natibus prominulis, ad apices un- dulatis ; epidermide luteola, viridi-radiaté; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandi- bus, obliquis, compressis, triangularis, erectis subcuryisque; margarita alba, superné salmonis colore tinct, et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Kast Tennessee, President Estabrook. MarcariTana ALABAMENSIS.—Testa levi, oblonga, inflata, ad lateré paulisper planulata, inequilaterali, posticé obtusé biangulata, anticé oblique rotundata ; valvulis suberassis, anticé paulisper crassioribus ; natibus prominulis, ad apices rugoso undulatis ; epidermide luteo-oliva, polita, eradiata ; dentibus cardinali- bus parvis, suberectis ; margarité alba et salmonia et iridescente. Hab.—Talladega Creek, Alabama. W. Spillman, M. D. 26 Description of a new species of NERITINA, from Coosa River, Alabama. BY ISAAC LEA. (Read February 12, 1861.) F 33-16 NeritinA SHowaureru.—Testa levi, rotundata, diaphana, luteo-cornea; spira valdé depressi; suturis leviter impressis; anfractibus trinis, inflatis ; apertura semirotunda ; labio dilatato, albo, incrassato, edentulo et incurvato ; labro dilatato, tenui, margine acuto. OpERCcULUM Hab.—Coosa River, ten miles above Fort William, Shelby Co., Alabama. K. R. Showalter, M. D. Remarks.—The discovery of this shell by Dr. Showalter marks the first notice of the genus Neritina being observed in our fresh waters. His very close observation and active investigation of the waters of central and northern Alabama, have enabled him to lay the naturalists of this country under many obligations by new discoveries, and this is certainly one of much importance. We now see for the first time that this genus, which is common in Europe, Africa, Asia, South America and the West Indies, also inhabits our southern fresh waters. I have great pleasure in naming the species after the discoverer. This species is not closely allied to any which has come under my notice. It is more rotund than usual, has a clear horn-colored epidermis, smooth and shining ; the substance of the shell so thin as to permit the column to be visible through it. It is to be regretted that among the four specimens sent to me by Dr. Sho- walter, neither had an operculum. The soft parts of the animal have not yet been observed. 27 Descriptions of two new species of ANODONTA, from Arctic America. BY ISAAC LEA. (Read February 12, 1861.) Awnoponta Kennicorru.—tTesta levi, elliptica subinflata, inequilaterali, pos- ticé obtusé biangulata, anticé rotunda ; valvulis subtenuibus ; natibus promi- nentibus, acuminatis, ad apices granulatis; epidermide pallido-lutea usque tenebroso-fusca, eradiati; margarita ceruleo-alba et iridescente. Hab.—Great Slave Lake at Fort Rae, and north end of Lake Winnipeg, Arctic America. R. Kennicott. Anoponta Srapsonrana.—Testa levi, ellipticié, subcompressa, elongato-len- ticulari, posticé obtusé angulata, anticé rotunda ; valvulis tenuibus ; natibus prominulis, ad apices undulatis ; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, eradiata ; marga- rita ceruleo-alba et iridescente. Hab.—Fort Rae, Great Slave Lake, Arctic America. R. Kennicott. Descriptions of New Species of SCHIZOSTOMA, ANCULOSA and LITHASIA. BY ISAAC LEA. (Read February 19th, 1861.) Scnizostoma SpinuManul.—Testa striata, subeylindracea, subcrassa, luteo-fus- ca, imperforata ; spira obtusa, conoided ; suturis impressis; anfractibus senis, valde yittatis, planulatis, ultimo grandi; fissura obliqua subbrevique; aper- tura grandi, ovata, intus vittaté, ad basim obtusé angulat&; columella alba, superné incrassata; labro-acuto sinuatoque. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. Dr. Showalter. NCULOSA TURBINATA.—Testé levi, subrotund4, crassa, ponderosa, tenebroso- cornea, trivittaté ; spira obtusa, vix exerté; suturis valdé impressis; anfracti- bus quaternis, ultimo pergrandi; apertura magna, ovata, intus albida, trivitta- ta, ad basim recurvata ; columella incurva, impressa ; labro acuto, expanso, sinuato. Hab.—North Alabama. Prof. M. Tuomey and Dr. Lewis. Tuscaloosa, Dr. Budd. Ancttosa Lewisu.—Testa levi, elliptica, subcrassa, subinflata, luteo-cornea ; spina obtusa, vix exerti, acuminata ; suturis vix impressis; anfractibus quinis, ultimo pergrandi; apertura magna, regulariter ovata, intus albida; collumella incurva, superné et inferné paulisper incrassati; labro acuto, subexpanso, paulisper sinuato. Hab.—Tennessee. James Lewis, M. D. 28 AncuLosa Coosannsis.—Testa levi, obtuso-conicd, crassa, tenebroso-corned, valdé vittata; spira exerta, ad apices obtusa; suturis valdé impressis; an- fractibus quaternis, inferné suturis valdé constrictis, ultimo magno; apertura rotundata, albida, intus valdé vittata ; columella incrassata, incurva, tenebroso- purpured; labro acuto, expaaso. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama, E. R. Showalter, M. D. LiTHASIA FUSIFORMIS.-—Testé sulcata, fusiformi, subtenui, rufo-fusci, quadro- vittata ; spiré conoidea&; snturis irregulariter impressis; anfractibus senis, ultimo magno et paulisper inflato ; apertura elongato-rhomboided, intus albida, quadro-vittatd, ad basim canaliculaté et recurvataé; columella sigmoidea, su- perné incrassati; labro subconstricto, margine acuto. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. H.R, Showalter, M. D. LITHASIA IMPERIALIS-—Testa tuberculata, fusiformi, subcrassa, tenebroso- cornea; spira elevataé, conoided; suturis irregulariter et valdé impressis; an- fractibus senis, ultimo subgrandi, superné irregulariter tuberculatis, subinfla- tis; apertura parviuscula, elongato-rhomboidea, intus albida, fuscis capillaris instructis, ad basim canaliculaté et recurvati; columella sigmoidea, superné paulisper incrassaté; labro subexpanso, margine acuto. Hab,—North Alabama. Prof. Tuomey. Liruasia Tuompyi.—Testa tuberculatd, valdé inflata, subcrassa, tenebroso- cornea; spiri obtuso-conoidea; suturis impressis; anfractibus quinis, ultimo grandi, infra suturis oblique tuberculatis ; apertura magna, rhomboided, intus albida, obsoleté vittaté, ad basim canaliculaté ; columella valdé incurvata, su- perné et inferné incrassata; labro expanso, margine acuto, Hab.—North Alabama. Prof. M. Tuomey. LIrHasIA suBGLOBOSA.—Test& tuberculaté, subglobosa, crass4, luteo-cdinea. bivittatd ; spira vix exerta; suturis impressis ; anfractibus quinis, ultimo gran- dissimo, apud humeris tuberculatis; apertura magna, rhomboidea, intus alba, bivittata, ad basim canaliculata; columella valdé incurvatd, superné et inferne valdé incrassata; labro expanso, margine acuto. Hab.—Tennessee. Prof. G. Troost. LITHASIA DILATATA.—Testa levi, subglobosa, subcrassa, glauco-virente, in- fra suturis luteola, obsoleté vittata ; spira obtusé conoided; suturis irregulari- ter impressis ; anfractibus quinis, ultimo magno et ventricoso ; apertura grandi, subrhomboidea, intus fuscescente, ad basim angulata; columella inferné et su- perne incrassata, incurvé; labro acuto et valdé dilatata. Hab.—Tennessee. Prof. G. Troost. 29 Descriptions of twelve new species of UNIONES, from Alabama. BY ISAAC LEA. (Read March 5th, 1861.) Unio neGgatus.—Testi sulcaté, subtriangulari, compressa, ad latere planu- lata, posticé obtusé angulata, anticé rotunda, subsquilaterali ; valvulis sub- erassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus subprominentibus, acuminatis, ad apices corrugatis ; epidermide rufo-fusc4, obsoleté radiata ; dentibus cardinalibus sub- grandibus, striatis crenulatisque ; lateralibus subcrassis, sublongis subrectisque ; margarita vel alba vel rosacea et iridescente. Hab —Big Prairie Creek, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. And Columbus, Mississippi. W. Spillman, M. D. Unio GLanDAceus.—Testa levi, subtriangulari, inflata, ineequilaterali, postice subtriangulata, anticé rotundata ; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus prominulis, crassis; epidermide glandacea, rugos4, eradiat&i; dentibus cardi- nalibus magnis, valdé suleatis, erectis; lateralibus curtis, crassis, corrugatis, obliquis subrectisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab.—Cahawba River, Alabama. H.R. Showalter, M.D. Unio rvstructus.—Testa levi, subtriangulari, subcompressa, inzquilaterali, postice subbiangulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé cragsiori- bus; natibus prominentibus, ad apices rugoso-undulatis; epidermide melled, exillissimé striata, eradiata ; dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, striatis crenu- latisque; lateralibus subcurtis, striatis, obliquis subrectisque; margarita ar- gentea et iridescente. Hab.—Cahawba River, Alabama, E. R. Showalter, M. D. Unio Tevacrvus.—Testa levi, triangulari, ad umbones tumida, inequilaterali, posticé angulata, anticé obliqué rotundaté; valvulis crassis, anticé et postice crassioribus; natibus prominentibus, tumidis; epidermide fusco-virente, obso- leté radiata, striata, dentibus cardinalibus parviusculis, depressis striatisque ; lateralibus subcurtis, percrassis, obliquis, corrugatis rectisque; margarita ar- gented et iridescente. Hab.—Cooza River, Alabama. EH. R. Showalter, M. D. Unio sTagitis.—Testé levi, triangulari, valdé tumida, valdé inzquilaterali, posticé snbbiangulari, anticé rotundata, valyulis percrassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus valdé prominentibus, tumidis, solidissimis, incurvis; epidermide pal- lido-mellea, eradiat4, inferné striata; dentibus cardinalibus crassiusculis, com- 30 pressis, erectis striatisque; lateralibus crassis, curtis, obliquis, rectis corruga- tisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. HE. R, Showalter, M. D. Unio consanguinevs.—Testa levi, valdé obliquaé, anticé tumid4 et truncata posticé compress et obtusé angulaté; valvulis crassis, anticé paulisper cras- sioribus, natibus tumidis, elevatis, incurvis terminalibusque ; epidermide luteo- castane4, obsoleté radiata, transversé vittataé ; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandi- bus, striatis subcompressisque ; lateralibus longis, crassis, corrugatis subcuryis- que ; margarita argentea et iridescente. Hab.—Ktowah River. Rev. G. White. Oostenaula River, Georgia. Bishop Elliott. And Cahawba River, Alabama. H.R. Showalter, M. D. Unio cREBRIVITTATUS.—Testd levi, valdé obliqué, anticé tumida et truncaté, posticé compress4 rotunddque; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus tumidis, elevatis, incurvatis terminalibusque; epidermide tenebroso-fusca, trans- verse et crebré vittataé ; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandibus, striatis corrugatis- que ; lateralibus longis, crassis, corrugatis subcurvisque; margarita argented et iridescente. Hab.—Coosawattee River, Alabama. Bishop Elliott. Unto INTERVENTUS.—Testé levi, subobliqua, subcompress4, inzequilaterali, posticé rotundata, anticé rotunda; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus elevatis; epidermide luteo-corned, superné radiatd, inferneé striata, ad umbones micanti; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, pyramidatis striatisque; late- ralibus subcurtis, crassis, subobliquis subcurvisque; margarité argentea et valde iridescente. Hab.—Cahawhba River, Alabama. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. Unio PALLIporuLyus.—Testé levi, obliquaé, tumida, valdé inzquilaterali, posticé rotundata, antice rotunda ; valvulis crassis, anticé crassioribus ; natibus elevatis, subincurvis ; epidermide pallido-fulv4, maculata, inferneé striata; den- tibus cardinalibus parvis, pyramidatis striatisque ; lateralibus subcurtis, crassis, subobliquis ; margarita argented et iridescente. Hab.—Cahawba River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. Unio porpHyreus.—Testa levi, elliptica, ventricosé, valdé inzquilaterali, posticé obtusé biangulata, anticé rotundata; valvulis subcrassis, anticé cras- sioribus; natibus prominulis ; epidermide rufo-fuscescente, micanti, eradiata : dentibus cardinalibus crassiusculis, corrugatis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus longis, subcrassis, corrugatis subrectisque; margarita saturate-purpurea et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama, E. R. Showalter, M. D. 31 Unio perpastus.—Testa levi, elliptic’, valdé ventricosa, valdé inequilaterali, posticé obtusé biangulati, anticé obliqué rotundat&; valvulis crassiusculis, anticé paulisper crassioribus ; natibus subprominentibus, inflatis; epidermide luteo-fuscescente, superné micanti, inferné striaté, eradiatéi; dentibus cardi- nalibus parviusculis, erectis, conicis corrugatisque ; lateralibus sublongis, la- mellatis, corrugatis subcurvisque ; margarita alba et iridescente. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. EH. R. Showalter, M. D. Unio GRANULATIS.—Testa plicata, ellipticd, subinflaté, valdé inzquilaterali, posticé obtuse angulata, anticé rotunda; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé paulisper crassioribus, natibus prominulis, ad apices undato-granulatis; epidermide tene- broso-oliva, eradiata, transversé striata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, com- pressis, obliquis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus ; lateralibus longis, acicularis, tenuis subrectisque; margarité purpurascente et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Big Prairie Creek, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. Description of a new genus (STREPHOBASIS) of the family MELANIDZ, and three new species. BY ISAAC LEA. (Read April 16th, 1861.) Family MELANID A. Genus STREPHOBASIS. Testa cylindracea. Apertura subquadrata. Columella inferné incrassata et retro-canaliculata. Operculum corneum, instar spire. The mollusk for which I propose this genus, was sent to me by Wm. Spill- man, M. D., of Columbus, Mississippi, and I have before me over a dozen specimens from a third to nearly an inch in length, The very great number of species of the genus Melania, makes it desirable to eliminate any group with characters sufficiently distinct to permanently recognize it. The very remarka- ble retrose callus at the base of the column, causing a lateral sinus, is charac- teristic of this genus. S?REPHOBASIS SpiLuMANniI.—Testaé levi, cylindraced, crassiusculd, vel tene- broso-fusca vel virente, valde vittatd, nitidé ; spira obtus4, curté, ad apicem carinatad ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus superné convexiusculis, ultimo constricto; aperturé subgrandi, subquadrata, intus cerulescenti et yaldé vittati; labro acuto, sinuoso; columellé sinuosd, ad basim incrassat& et retro canaliculata. Hab.—Tennessee River. Wm. Spillman, M. D. 32 % STREPHOBASIS CORNEA.—Test& levi, cylindracea, crassi, cornea; spiri ob- columella sinuos4, ad basim incrassata et retro-canaliculataé. Operculum small, ovate, spiral, dark brown, with the polar-point net base. Hab.—Tennessee River. Wm, Spillman, M. D. STRHPHOBASIS : Cre poe ae Uylaasacces eel Siine mee bus quinis, superné cect ultimo constricto ; apertura Ae quadrata, intus albida, valdé vittata ; labro acuto ; columella sinuosd, as b alba, incrassataé et retro-canaliculata. Habh.—Tennessee River, at Chattanooga, Tennessee. Joseph Clark. . 33 Descriptions of forty-nine New Species of the Genus MELANIA, BY ISAAC LEA. (Read May 21st, 1861.) During the past and present years, I have read several papers describing new species of Unionide and Melanide, kindly sent to me by E. R. Showalter, M. D., of Uniontown, Alabama, a Correspondent of our Academy, who has been unremitting in his exertions to make known the natural history of that part of the State. In these papers there were few species of the genus Melania. They were purposely delayed with a view to bring them as much together as possible ; and the present paper will exhibit the vast expansion there of Zoolo- gical life in this single genus, the Coosa River really appearing to be the Zoological centre of this particular group. The great variety of form, color and size will at once strike the Naturalist, and he will be surprised in the examination of these forms to observe how few there are of tuberculate or plicate species, which so well characterise the members of the same family, in the streams which form the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers at no-great distance. Meranta HantMantana.—Testa levi, conicd, magna, vel tenebroso-corned vel tenebroso-oliva, valdé vittatd, imperforata; spira obtusé conicié; suturis valdé impressis; anfractibus subplanulatis, instar septenis, ultimo grandi; apertura grandi, ovato-rhomboided, intus brunneo-yittata, ad basim obtusé angulata ; labro acuto; columella incurvata. Hab.—Coosa and Cahawba Rivers, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M.D. Mexanta Lewisu.—tTesta striata, subcylindracea, tenebroso-virente, valdé yittaté; spiraé subelevatdé, conoideé; suturis valdé impressis; anfractibus planulatis, suleatis, instar senis; apertura parviusculaé, ovato-rhomboideda, intus yaldé yittata, ad basim obtusé angulata; labro acuto; columella alba et incurvata. Hab.—Coosa and Talapoosa Rivers, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA ELLIpTica.—Testa levi; elliptica, luteolaé, quadrivittata; spira brevi, obtusa, ad apicem plicata; suturis impressis ; anfractibus senis, sub- convexis; apertura subgrandi, elongato-ellipticé, intus quadrivittata, ad basim obtusé angulati; labro acuto; columella albida et incurvata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. and E. Foreman, M. D. MeLANIA RUBICUNDA.—Testa valdé striata, rubida, subfusiformi; spira sub- elevatd, conoide4; suturis impressis ; anfractibus instar senis, convexiusculis ; 34 apertura subconstricta, elongato-elliptica, intus rubida, ad basim obtuso-an- gulata; labro acuto; columellé incrassata, rubidd, incuryata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama, E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA vesicuLa.—Testa levi, elliptica, luted, immaculata, subtenui; spira brevissima, obtus4; suturis subimpressis ; anfractibus ternis, subconvexis ; apertura grandi, regulariter ovata, intus dilute-salmonia ; labro acuto ; colum- ellé incrassatd, incurvata, ad basim rotundata.. Hab.—Alabama, HE. R. Showalter, M. D: Metania Coosannsis.—Test& striaté, fusiformi, corned, quadrivittata, sub- crassa; spiraé subelevata, conica; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus septenis, conyexiusculis, sulcatis; apertura constricta, elongato-elliptica, intus albida, et quadrivittatd ; labro acuto, subcrenulato ; columellé paulisper incrassata, incurvata, ad basim obtusé angulata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA GRACILIOR—Testa striata, fusiformi, viridi-lutescente, subcrassa ; spira subelevatd, conicé; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus septenis, vix convexis ; apertura subconstricta, elongato-elliptica, intus albida; labro acuto ; columella albida, inferné paulisper recurya, ad basim subrotundata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. Mevanra propriA.—tTesté levi, fusiformi, luteo-olivaé, quadrivittata, sub- crassi; spird obtuso-conoidea; suturis impressis; anfractibus senis, conyex- iusculis; apertura subgrandi, elongato-elliptica, intus albida et vittata ; labro acuto ; columella inflecta, alba, ad basim subangulata. Hab.—Alabama. EH. R. Showalter, M. D. MeLanta NuBILA.—Testa striaté, subelliptica, obtuse conoided, tenebroso- yirente, obscuré maculata vel laté yittat&é, subcrassi; spira obtusé elevata ; suturis irregulariter impressis; anfractibus senis, subinflatis, ultimo grandi; apertura subgrandi, rhomboido-elliptica, intus quadrivittatad; labro acuto ; columella arcuata, ad basim obtusé angulata. Hab.—Coosa River, Wetumpka, Alabama. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA ORBICULA.—Testa striata, globosd, subcrassi, luteo-virente, quadri- vittaté; spiraé brevi, obtusi; suturis valdé impressis; anfractibus quinis, yaldé inflatis, ultimo grandi; apertura grandi, ellipticd, intus quadrivittata ; labro acuto; columella alba, incurvataé, ad basim obtuse angulata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA CALCULOIDES.—Testa striaté, subglobosd, crassi, corned, robusta ; spir& conicd, valdé obtusi; suturis impressis; anfractibus senis, valdé infla- 35 tis, ultimo grandi; aperturaé subgrandi, elongato-ellipticd, intus’albida ; labro acuto; columellé albida, incrassata, arcuaté, ad basim retusa. Hab.—Coosa River. Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA PUNICEA.—Testd levi, subcylindraced, crassf, puniced ; spira ele- yata, conica; suturis impressis; anfractibus convexiusculis ; apertura parvé, rotundo-ovatad, intus albA; labro acuto; columella incrassaté, albé, ad basim rotundata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA LUTEOLA.—Testa levi, subellipticé, subtenui, pallido-lute’; spira subelevata, conoidea; suturis paulisper impressis ; anfractibus planiusculis ; apertura subgrandi, intus albidi; labro acuto; columella albida, incurva ; ad bagim obtuso-angulata. Hab.—Alabama River. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA FASCINANS.—Testa levi, subfusiformi, crassiusculd, luteo-cornea, nitida ; spird elevyato-conicé; suturis impressis; anfractibus convexiusculis; apertura subgrandi, intus alba, trivittatié; labro acuto; columella alba, ad basim retusa. Hab.—Yellowleaf Creek, Shelby County, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA QUADRIVITTATA,—TestA levi, subelliptica, crassiusculd, viridi-lutea, nitida ; spiraé obtusé conoided; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus octonis, conyexiusculis; apertura subconstricté, rhombo-ovata, intus albidd, quadri- vittata; labro acuto; columella incurva, ad basim angulata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA MIpAs.—Test& levi, cylindraceo-ellipticé, crassiusculd, virente, obsolete vittata ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus compressiusculis, ultimo pergrandi, inferné obsoleté striata; apertura grandi, auriculeformis, intus ceruleo-alba ; labro acuto; columelld ceruleo-alb4, incrassata, inflecta, ad basim obtusé angulataé. Hab.—Coosa and Alabama Rivers, near Wetumpka. E. R. Showalter, M. D. Merania variaTa.—Testa levi, subfusiformi, obtuso-conicd, crassiuscula, vel luteoli vel purpurescente ; suturis irregulariter impressis; anfractibus senis, superné planiusculis, ultimo inflato; apertura grandi, intus vel luteold yel purpurescente ; labro acuto ; columella arcuata, inspissata, ad basim obtuse angulata. Hab.—Coosa River, at Wetumpka and Montevallo, Bibb County, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA VIRGULATA.—Testa levi, fusiformi, conicd, crassiuscula, nitida, mu- 36 cronata, luteoli, quadrivittata; suturis subimpressis ; anfractibus septenis, superné constricté, ultimo bulboso; aperturé subgrandi, subelliptica, intus luteo-alba et valdé vittaté; labro acuto.; columella inflecta, ad basim angu- lata et canaliculata. Hab.—Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA MUCRONATA.—Testa levi, acuto-conoided, tenui, diaphana, stramineo- luted; spirf exertaé, mucronata; suturis leviter impressis ; anfractibus senis, superné planulatis: apertura parviusculaé, ovato-rhomboidea, intus luteo- albida ; labro acuto, sinuato; columella ad basim paulisper incrassata, sub- effusa et subrecurva. Hab.—Big Prairie Creek, Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. MeLaNIA PRoPINQUA.—Testa levi, subcylindracea, subcrassA, luteola, quadri- Vittati; spiriéi subelevata, conoidea; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus senis, superné planiusculis; apertur4 ellipticé, parviuscula, intus albida et vittatd; labro acuto; columella paulisper incrassata, inferné rotundata. Hab. —Coosa and Cahawba Rivers, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA SuAvis.—Testa levi, subfusiformi, subcrassa, luteo-viridi, polita, quadrivittata ; spira obtuso-conica ; suturis regulariter impressis ; anfracti- bus senis, superné planiusculis ; apertura subgrandi, elliptica, intus albida et vittata ; labro acuto; columella ineurya, ad basim rotundata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA FALLAX—Testa levi, pupaformi, obtuso-conoidea, subcrassa, vel tenebroso-fuscaé vel tenebroso-cornea, obsoleté vittata vel evittaté; suturis impressis ; anfractibus septenis, convexiusculis, ultimo parvo ; apertura parva, valdé constricté, elongato-elliptica ; labro acuto ; columella paulisper inflecta, ad basim obtusé angulata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA CLAUSA.—Testi levi, pupeformi, obtuso-conica, crass4, oliva, vit- tataé vel evittata ; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus septenis, convexiusculis; apertura parva, constrictd, ellipticé, intus albida; labro acuto; columella paulisper inflecta, ad basim obtusé angulata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MeLaNia PuRPUREA.—Testa levi, subfusiformi, obtuso-conica, subtenui, tene- broso-rufa ; suturis paulisper impressis: anfractibus quinis, ultimo grandi; apertura subgrandi, elliptica, intus tenebrosa; labro acuto; columella tene- brosa, inflecta. Hab.—Alabama, E.R. Showalter, M. D. 37 MELANIA MELLEA—Testa levi, subfusiformi, conica, crassiuscula, mellea, aliquando vittata; suturis irregulariter impressis: anfractibus septenis, superné planulatis, ultimo grandi, inflato; apertura grandi, rhomboido-ellip- tica, intus luteola; labro acuto; columella incrassata, inflecta, inferné obtusé angulata. Hab.—Coosa River, at Wetumpka, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA VARIANS.—Testa levi, vel plicata vel striata, elevato-conica, sub- crassa, luteola yel diluté fusca, vittataé; suturis impressis; anfractibus septe- nis, superné planiusculis; apertura parviuscula, elliptica, intus albida et vittata; labro acuto; columella albida, incurvata, ad basim obtusé angulata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. Metanra SHowaLTert.—Testa levi, elevato-conica, subcrassa, luteo-fuscd, quadrivittata, suturis impressis; anfractibus instar senis, superné planulatis, inferné subinflatis, ultimo subgrandi ; apertura subgrandi, ovato-rhomboidea, intus albida et vittaté ; labro acuto et paulisper sinuato; columella alba, in- flecta, superné paulisper incrassataé, ad basim subrotundata. Hab.—Coosa and Cahawhba Rivers, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA GLANDARIA.—Testa levi, obtuso-elliptica, crassa, viridi-lutea, quad- rivittaté; suturis valdé et irregulariter impressis; anfractibus septenis, con- vexiusculis, ultimo grandi; apertura elongato-ellipticé, subconstricta, intus alba et valdé vittata; labro acuto, subsinuoso; columella arcuata, superné et inferne incrassaté, paulisper canaliculata et contorta. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA PuDICcA.—Testa levi, conoidea, crassiuscula, olivacea vel rufuscula; suturis irregulariter impressis; anfractibus senis, convexiusculis ; apertura parviuscula, ovata, intus ceruleo-albi; labro acuto; columella inflectd, su- perné incrassata, ad basim rotundata. Hab.—Yellowleaf Creek, Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. MeLayi4 SHELBYENSIS.—Testé levi, subellipticé, subcrassi, olivaced, vittata yel evittata: suturis impressis ; anfractibus superné planulatis; apertura par- viusculd, subovata, intus albi; labro acuto; columella inflecta, ad basim obtusé angulata. Hab.—Yellowleaf Creek, Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. MeLaNIA ALABAMENSIS.—Testa levi, pupzformi, subelevatd, subcrassa, luteola, quadrivittataé ; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus instar septenis, conyexis ; apertura parva, subconstricta, subellipticd, intus albida et vittata; labro acuto; columella inflecta, albidd, ad basim obtusé angulata. HTab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. 38 MELANIA RARA—Testé levi, elevato-conoidea, scalariformi, subcrassd, tene- broso-oliva, nitid&; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus octonis, planu- latis, superné angulatis ; apertura parviuscula, ellipticd, intus tenebroso-pur- purea; labro acuto; columella incurva, purpurea, ad basim obtusé angulata. Hab.— Coosa River, Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA BULLULA.—Testad levi, conoided, inflata, subtenui, viridi-luted, quadrivittata, suturis impressis ; anfractibus instar quinis, inflatis, ultimo sub- grandi; aperturé subgrandi, laté ovata, intus albida et vittata; labro acuto ; columella albidé, superné incrassatd, sinuosa, inferné subangulata. Operculum elliptical, spiral, dark brown, with polar point near the base. Hab.—Y ellowleaf Creek, Shelby County, Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA STRAMINHA.—Testé levi, regulariter ellipticé, obtusé conoided, crassiuscula, stramineé ; suturis impressis; anfractibus quinis, ultimo per- grandi et subinflaté; apertura grandi, elongato-ellipticié, intus luteo-albidaé; labro acuto; columelli arcuatai, superné paulisper callosd, ad basim obtusé angulata. Operculum ovate, spiral, light brown, with the polar point near the edge towards the base. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA soLipuLA.—Test4 levi, subfusiformi, obtusé conica, crassiuscula, luteo-viridi vel luteo-fusca, vittaté ; suturis impressis ; anfractibus quinis, su- perné planulatis, inferné rotundatis, ultimo grandi; apertura subgrandi, ovata, intus albid4; labro acuto; columellé arcuataé, superné paulisper callosa, ad basim obtusé angulata. : Hab.—Yellowleaf Creek, near its junction with Coosa River, Alabama E. R. Showalter, M. D. Me.aniA CaHAwsENsSIS.—Testa levi, subfusiformi, elevato-conicé, mucronata, subtenui, tenebroso-corned, obsolete vittati; suturis linearibus; anfractibus octonis, superné planulatis, ultimo subgrandi; apertura parviuscula, ovata intus albidé vel luteoli; labro acuto; columellé arcuatd, ad basim subro- tunda. Hab.—Cahawba River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA CULTA.—TestA rugoso-striaté, obtuso-conoided, inflata, subcrassé, viridi-lutea, nitid4, trivittata; suturis valdé et irregulariter impressis,; an- fractibus septenis, superné carinatis; aperturé amplé, subrhomboided, intus albida et vittata; labro acuto; columella incurvd, diluté rosea, inferné angu- lata. Hab.— Coosa River, Alabama. EH. R. Showalter, M. D. 39 MELANIA LITA.—Testa rugoso-striata, pupe#formi, conoided, subcrassa, quad- rivittata, variegata, nitidi; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus senis, superné conyexis, ultimo elongato; apertura subconstrictd, elongato-ovata, intus purpurescente et vittata’ ; labro acuto, spissato ; columella inferné incur- vata, purpurea, ad basim rotundata. Hab.—Cahawba River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MeLanrA coprosa.—Testa striatd, laté ellipticd, ventricosd, obtuso-conica, erassiuscula, Iuteo-corned, obsoleté vittati; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus quinis, convexiusculis, ultimo pergrandi; apertura copiosa, late elliptica, intus albidé; labro acuto, sinuoso; columellé arcuata, superné pau- lisper incrassata, ad basim subrotunda. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA PERGRATA.—Testé striata, subcylindraced, obtusé conic, crassius- cula, viridi-corned, suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus senis, superné hu- merosis, striis transversis crebré indutis, ultimo pergrandi et cylindraceo ; apertura grandi, elongato-ovata, intus albida ; labro acuto; columella arcuata, superné paulisper callosi, ad basim subrotundata. Operculum, ovate, spiral, dark brown, with the polar point on the edge near to the base. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. HE. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA BELLULA.—Testa striata, subellipticé, obtusé conoided, crassiusculi, luteo-corned, quadrivittata ; suturis valdé impressis ; anfractibus instar quinis, convexiusculis, ultimo grandi; apertura subgrandi, ellipticd, intus albida et vittataé ; labro acuto; columella albi, inflecta, ad basim obtusé angulata. Operculum elliptical, spiral, dark brown, with the polar point near the inner edge, about one-fourth from the base. Hab.—Yellowleaf Creek, Shelby County, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA ZQUA.—Testa substriata, conica, subcrassa, tenebroso-fusca, suturis impressis ; anfractibus instar senis, superné planulatis ; apertura parva, rhom- boided, intus albida ; labro acuto; columella inflecta, paulisper incrassata, ad basim obtuse angulata. Hab.—-Yellowleaf Creek, Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA CAPILLARIS.—-Testa crebré striaté, angusté ellipticd, crassiuscula, lnteo-fusea, striis transversis capillaris crebressimé indutis ; suturis irregulari- ter impressis ; anfractibus subcompressis, ultimo grandi; apertura grandi, elongato-elliptica, intus striis capillaris; labro crenulato; columella albida, incrassata, incurvd, ad basim obtusé angulata. 40 Operculum ovate, spiral, dark brown, with polar point near the inner side and near to the base. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. and Wm. Spillman, M. D. MELANIA GRATIOSA.—Testa tuberculata, aliquando striata, obtuso-fusiformi, crassiuscula, luteo-viridi, vel vittata vel evittata ; suturis impressis ; anfracti- bus senis, superné planulatis, ultimo grandi; apertura subgrandi, subrhom- boidea, intus albida ; labro acuto, subsinuoso ; columella inflecté, incrassata, ad basim subangulata. Operculum ovate, spiral, dark brown, with the polar point near the base. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA PAULA.—Testd carinatd, conicé, tenui, diaphand, rufo-cornea ; su- turis panlisper impressis; anfractibus senis, superné acuto-carinatis, ultimo sub-bicarinato ; apertura parviuscula, lato-ellipticaé, intus albida; labro acuto; columella vel albida vel rufescente, inflecté, ad basim acuto-angulata. Hab.—Cahawha River, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA BLANDA.—Test& plicati, obtusé fusiformi, superné obtusé conica, subtenui, tenebroso-corne’ ; suturis impressis; anfractibus quinis, superne planulatis, ultimo grandi et subangulato; apertura subgrandi, elliptica, intus luteo-alb& ; labro acuto; columella incrassata, inflecta, infernée subangulata. Hab.—Yellowleaf Creek, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA CREPERA.—Testa substriata, conici, subcrass4, fuliginos&i; spira _ subeleyata ; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfractibus senis, convexiusculis ; apertura ovato-rhombica, intus albidij; labro acuto; columellé inflecta, superné paulisper incrassata, ad basim obtusé angulata. Hab.—Yellowleaf Creek, Shelby County, Alabama, EH. R. Showalter, M. D. MeLANIA FuMEA.—Testa levi, conica, subtenui, fumed, subnitida, aliquando obsoleté vittat& ; spiri subelevata; suturis irregulariter impressis ; anfracti- bus superné planulatis, inferné subinflatis; apertura ovato-rhombica, intus albidé ; labro acuto; columell& inflect&, superné paulisper incrassati, ad basim subrotunda. Hab.—Yelowleaf Creek, Shelby County, Alabama. E.R. Showalter, M. D. MELANIA PROpPRIA.—Test& levi, elongato-elliptici, subtenui, luteo-cornea, obsolete vittata, nitidi; spira elevata; suturis valdé impressis; anfractibus instar senis, superné convexiusculis, inferné inflatis; apertura subgrandi, ovata, intus luteo-alba ; labro acuto; columella inflecté, superné incrassata, ad basim rotundata. Hab.—Yellowleaf Creek, Shelby County, Alabama. E. R. Showalter, M. D. 45 subcurtis subrectisque; margarité vel alba vel rosed vel salmonia et valdé iridescente. Hab.—Dallas, Texas. Prof. C. G. Forshey. Unsto Hesrmannit.—Testé alata, levi, elliptica, compressa, valdé inequilaterali, posticé obtusé biangulaté, anticé rotunda; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé irre- gulariter crassioribus; natibus prominulis, vix undulatis; epidermide luteo- fusca, micanti, eradiata; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, subconicis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus longis, lamellatis subrectisque; mav- garita pallido-salmonia, purpurescente et intensé iridescente. 4Hab.—Medina River, Texas. A. L. Heermann, M.D. Unio TESSERULZ.—Testa levi, quadrata, cuboided, valdé tumida, valdé ineequi- laterali, posticé obtusé angulata, anticé truncaté; valvulis crassis, ad apices rugoso-undulatis ; epidermide mellea, micanti, radiis interuptis indutis; den- tibus cardinalibus parviusculis, subconicis corrugatisque; lateralibus curtis, obliquis rectisque; margarita argentea et valdé iridescente. Hatb.—Nolachucky River, Tenn. J. G. Anthony. Unto NorTHAMPTONENSIS.—Testa levi, oblonga, valdé compressa, ad latere pla- nulata, posticé obtusé biangulari, anticé obligué rotundata, valdé inequilaterali ; valyulis suberassis, anticé crassioribus; natibus prominulis; epidermide vel ochracea vel luteo-fusca, obliqué radiata; dentibus cardinalibus crassis, striatis, in utroque valyulo duplicibus; lateralibus przlongis, validis, corrugatis, sub- rectis lamellatisque; margarita vel alba vel purpurascente vel salmonis colore tincta et valdé iridescente. Hab,—Connecticut River, at Northampton. At Springfield, by L. Shurtleff, M. D. Below Hartford, T. R. Ingalls, M.D. Neuse River, N. C., E. Emmons, M. D. Uyio Warpu.—Testa tuberculata, subtriangulari, compressa, subequilaterali, posticé et inferné emarginata, anticé rotunda; valvulis crassiusculis, anticeé crassioribus; natibus prominulis, ad apices rugosis; epidermide vel luteola vel luteo-virente, maculis triangularis indutis; dentibus cardinalibus subgrandi- bus, compressis sulcatisque; lateralibus sublongis, subcrassis, obliquis rec- tisque; margarit&é argented, interdum rosea et iridescente. Hab.—Walhonding River, Ohio, J. C. Ward. Wassepinicon River, Iowa, Dr. Foreman. Coal River, Virginia, Dr. Hartman. Uyio Sampsonu.—Test4 levi, oblong’, inflatié, ad umbones valdé tumida, posticé emarginata, anticé rotund4, valdé inzquilaterali; valvulis crassis, an- ticé paulisper crassioribus ; natibus prominentibus, tumidis, incurvis, ad apices yix undulatis ; epidermide luteola, radiis viridis vestitis ; dentibus cardinalibus 46 subgrandibus, erectis corrugatisque; lateralibus crassis, curtis, corrugatis sub- rectisque; margarita argentea et paulisper iridescente. Hab.—Wabash River, New Harmony, Indiana. James Sampson. Unto vestirus.—Testi levi, elliptica, compressa, inequilaterali, postice ob- tusé angulata, anticé rotund4; valvulis subtenuibus, anticé paulisper crassiori- bus; natibus prominnlis; epidermide vel lutea vel luteo-fuscd, polita, radiis obliquis viridis vestitis ; dentibus cardinalibus parvis, compressis, acuminatis, crenulatis, in utroque valvulo duplicibus; lateralibus sublongis, lamellatis, subobliquis corrugatisque; margarita albida et splendidé iridescente. Hab.—Ogechee River, Georgia. Major Le Conte and J. G. Anthony. 47 Descriptions of Seven New Species of the Genus I0. BY ISAAC LEA. Read December 24th, 1861, When I proposed in 1831* to form the new genus Jo for Mr. Say’s Fusus fluviatilis, there were no other allied species known to naturalists. I then pro- posed also to change the specific name to fusiformis, as being more appropriate, and I gave a figure under this name. At that time the canons of nomenclature were not so well understood nor so strict as they have since been; and it is only justice to Mr. Say to relinquish my specific name, and to replace his. Sub- sequently in 1834, I proposed a new species under the name of Jo spinosa, (Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. v. pl. 19, fig. 79.) More recently Mr. Anthony, in the Proceedings of the Academy, (1860,) proposed four new species; three of which I think beloag to the two previously established species. Mr. Lovell Reeve, in his beautiful ‘‘ Conchologia Iconica,” has recently issued among his monographs one of the genus Jo with numerous plates and full descriptions. In this he has introduced a number of species, most of which I think more ap- propriately belong to Prof. Haldeman’s genus Lithasia—the species of which form a very excellent group, which he separated from Melania and Anculosa— but which Mr. Reeve does not seem to recognise. Of the true Jo [ also think he has considered several varieties as species. Io noposa.—Testa tuberculata, elevato-conica, virido-corned, vittataé; spira regulariter conici; suturis valdé impressis; anfractibus instar denis, planula- tis, medio tuberculatis, infia striatis; apertura parviuscula, rhomboidea, intus yittata; labro acuto et sigmoideo ; columella albé et valdé contorta; canali bre- viuseula. Hab.—Tennessee River, Alabama?+ Wm. Spillman, M. D. Io ropusta,—Testa canaliculata, paulisper tuberculata, elevato-conica, pal- lido-corne4, infra obsoleté vittata; spira regulariter conic&; suturis valde im- pressis; anfractibus instar denis, apud apicem planulatis, infra canaliculata ; apertura parviuscula, rhomboidea, intus vittata ; labro acuto et sigmoideo; co- lumella pallido-salmonia; canali breviuscula. Hab.—Tennessee River, Alabama? Wao. Spillman, M.D. * Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., January, 1831. + Dr. Spillman simply gave Tennessee River as the habitat of these species, but did not mention what part. They are probably from Alabama. 48 To VARIABILIS.—Testa levi, elevato-conoided, subfusiformi, vel vittata vel in- tensé purpurea vel virente; spira regulariter conoidei; suturis leviter im- pressis; anfractibus instar novenis, planulatis, in medio angulatis; apertura elongato-rhomboidea ; labro acuto et sinuoso; columella vel albida vel purpu- rea et valdé contort’; canali attenuato-constricta. Hab.—Tennessee River, Alabama? Wm. Spillman, M.D. Io mMopesta.—Testi levi, conicd, virido-cornea; spira regulariter conica ; suturis impressis; anfractibus novenis, planulatis, in medio angulatis; aper- turaé parva, regulariter rhomboided; labro acuto et sinuoso; columella alba et valdé contorta; canali curta et effusa. Tab.—Tennessee River, Alabama. Wm. Spillman, M. D. To Spinumani.—Testa levi, attenuato-conica, pallido-cornea; spira reculari- ter conicdé, superné striata; suturis leviter impressis; anfractibus instar denis, planulatis, in medio obtusé angulatis; apertura parva, rhomboided; labro acuto et sinuoso; columellé alba et valdé contorta; canali curta et subeffusa, Hab.—Tennessee River, Alabama? Wm. Spillman, M. D. To GraciLis.—Testa levi, conica, pallido-purpurea ; spira regulariter conica; suturis regulariter impressis; anfractibus instar novenis, planulatis, in medio angulatis; aperturé parviusculdé, rhomboidea; labro acuto et sinuoso; colu- mella pallido-purpurea, valdé contorta et deflecta; canali curta et laté effusi. ITab.—Coosa River, Alabama. Wm. Spillman, M. D. Io viripuLA.—Testi levi, cylindrico-conoidea, virente; spira subelevata; suturis parum impressis; anfractibus instar novenis, planulatis, in medio ob- tusé angulatis ; apertura parviuscul&, rhomboidea ; labro acuto, sinuoso; colu- mella ad basim purpurea, parum contorté; canali curta et dilatata. Hab.—Coosa River, Alabama. Wm. Spillman, M. D. ERRATA. Page 1, line 9, from bottom, for “ Byssandonta,”’ read Byssanodonta. -“ 14. “ 12, for “castanea,” read castaneum. Cae ae 24, for ‘“‘ globosa,” read globosum. “15, “ 5, for “ Wetumpkaensis,” read Wetumpkaense. “16, “ 14, for “Coosa,” read Cahawha. “ 16, “ 14, for “ Wetumpka,” read Centreville. “34, “15, ““gracilior,” changed to ellipsoides. SER AT RSS ‘spropria” changed to lepida. A.J Ibbotson 4a 7.6 Hartmanii 2 6 varians 3G rara #6 Showalterti 36 bullula 6.6 fumea % 6 pudica 8. G Cahawhensis is & virgulata G mellea C vartata G purpurea G eliptica G glandaria G quadrivittata G straminea lepida Shelbyensis SUQVES. Facinans. propria luteola Ssolduta fallax: SS & BYSERELE 6 clausa & Alabamensis G punicea 6 Midas & propingua: G Coosaensis & ellipsoides & rubicunda 6 nubila. capillaris beliula. culta orbicula calactoties. copiosa. lita aqua. CLEPeTa rs : i, ountlair inclar’s ish Bal? PO 4 5~ Chwur Ade oe GONIOBASIS, SCHIZOSTOMA, ANCULOSA, LITHASIA, STR 79 78. 7a? Oo | | & 43. G& graclos 50 Se castarncum sz «Se. purnilim 6h A Lewisi ve L. Showalter 4 6 blanda 51. Se Hartmaniz 68 Se globosum 65 d. Coosaensis. 3 L nuclea 45 vesuula sz Se glans. 59 St. VITENS. 66. A contorta. uw St. Spillmaniz 6 Lewisa 53 Sc glandula 60 A. turbirata 67 L. imperiadss. %% St cornea 47. & pergrata. 5a. Se. Mlabamense: 61 A formosa 68 L. Twomeye 6 St. darku 48. & paula 55 Se. Spillman 62. A Showalteru _ 69. L dilatata 3 yy St. solida 49. Se. Showalterii 56 Se VYelumpkaense. 63 A. vittata. vo L. suglobosa. i ¥8.13°N Showalterit nL. hestiormis. v2 G& crenatula T Sinclan's bth Philad® AJ Ibbotson, del 7 Wig is vib hs ig T Va f. Hartman Jayt Spillmania Christy labiatum Whiter. Estabrookt. Knoavillense aMenUakin. 89 90. m7 92. 93. I. 95. 96 97. SAN NSSNN88 S tortie patlidim Parvure modestiam. MUCTORALTT. sumplex. minor: puamrclume. boittatum. ne ba, TRYPANOSTOMA GB TE 99 T. 100 T- 707 T 102, T. tos. T. 104, T. 105. T. 106. I. Vanirenett Chakasahaense Tennesseénse. Froxrense truvittatum trochules Sveammorense dux. Thornton. 107. 108. 109 70. WT 772. TT3. TER. 78. SSNS SSANNSSN SS Troosta Clarkia UCUT VU Lostelaze. Tuwomeyt Florencese Alabarnense ligatum Prbastt 7716. 777. 778. 779. 720. 721 122, 723. 724. 725. bo: (lam he: fia fe= VP ba foe UP | subuleforme olivaceum moriforme. viride. Lewis canadidtinm: Showalter Anthonye striatum. moniuiterum vl, 36 T. Sinclair's lth Phil* AJ Tebotean,, acl 733 150. 26 & oseulata 134. 7 lr Brumbyc 135 728. & rasvenorit 736. 29 & parva 137. 730. @ spinella 738. 137. OG Estabrooku 139, 732. & Prartensts. 140 733. & Etowahensts us Drayton. Newberryt. tenchrovittata TUGTUNA. Spillmanz. flava Anthonyt. Gabbrana. 728 164 Bridgestana intercedens Ohioensis cuerea Varezremal Spartenbergensts. auricoma. Georguana 765. 750. 757. 752. 753. 154. 55. 156. 157. 758. RAAB ARMAARNM Vauxtiana Whiter: Bumeyana Tuomeyt fabads. ghberosa Lyonit: Pybasti Duttona 730 754: Doolyensis. Vennaensts. Bairdiana 2 $y 731. | 4 Sed 149. 767. Jour Acad Nat Sci. 2° Ser Vol. V p 10, TRYPANOSTOMA, LITHASIA:, STREPHOBASIS. 2/4. ty iS w 226. SEAS NN 222 228. 22. I. nodosa 276. 1. modesta 27 TI (arolinense ax. I. rittata 23. [. robusta 27, L. gracilss. 222, I) Henrvanum ez, L. Downie a 1 vartabilts 2s. Lf. virtdula. 223. T° lativittatum 2s. S. carinata 25. L. Spillmaniz 29. L degnum 224 DT strictim 2. S$ oltvaria 220. 7: luteum 225.7 rostellaturn:. AJ. Thbotson, del T. Sinclair's Eh