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REPORT OF BOARD

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ILLINOIS STATE FISH COMMISSIONERS,

TO THE

GOVERNOR OF ILLINOIS.

SEPTEMBER 30, 1888.

SPRINGFIELD, ILL.:

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

http://www.archive.org/details/report18861888illi

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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONERS.

To His Excellency, GOVERNOR RicHARD J. OGLESBY:

We beg leave to submit herewith our report as Board of State
Fish Commissioners, from October 1, 1886, to September 30, 1888:

Since our last report we have encountered adverse, as well as
favorable seasons, for our work. The high water early in 1887,
and continued high water in 1888, has afforded opportunity for
‘demonstrating the flexibility of our methods, as well as the fact
that nature has provided ample means for re-stocking our streams
with fishes indigenous to them, without recourse to artificial means
-of re-production. In spring of 1887, the water was out of river
banks early, and as it quickly receded, left only the spawn to
hatch. As a consequence the pools, lakes, etc., were filled with
young fry only, when our work of taking them for distribution
commenced. But few mature fishes were found in the shallow
waters. ‘The spring of 1888 opened with plenty of rain, and un-
usually high water, not only in the rivers, but in all the streams
throughout the State. The water in the Mississippi river going’
over its banks early in the spring, and reaching the highest point,,
but one, known in forty years. An immense area of land was, of
course, submerged, and, as a consequence, every slough and _ hole
along its banks were filled, and the fishes, seeking spawning
grounds, filled them to repletion.

With this immense quantity of the product of the overflowed
ponds available, we desired to utilize as nearly as possible the sup-
ply, having had some correspondence with the United States Com-
missioner on the subject of native fish distribution, and knowing
him to be greatly interested in the work, we applied to him for
assistance. He responded by placing at our disposal the use of
two of the United States Fish Commission cars, with their respect-
ive crews, for the purpose of making our distribution. But,
owing to the continued high stage of water, which on July 15 was
still ten feet. above low water, we found that the bass, croppies
and other native fish, instead of depositing their spawn and going
back at once, as is the case where water recedes quickly, had taken
advantage of the situation and remained until their young were of

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sufficient size and age to be taken back with them into deeper
water. As a consequence, when the water commenced to fall,
they returned to the river proper, or nearest deep water.

However, our work was only delayed by this circumstance, as
the river, after falling about four feet, again began to rise, and
with the rise these holes and sloughs were again filled:with fish,
larger than those we had saved in previous seasons, and when
water was low enough for us to proc¢eed with our work, we had for
the greater proportion of our supply, breeders, or mature fish, to
distribute. And while, from their size, it was impossible to carry
anything like the usual number, yet, in point of fact, the interest
of the waters was thus better subserved, in that, the smaller
streams having been practically depleted, they would be the more
speedily repopulated by planting with fish which would, by the
next season become reproductive, than would have been possible
by planting the usual number possible to transport, of small fish.
Having secured the use of the cars, it was found impracticable to
continue our former methods of gathering our supply, viz.: by
means of small boats and crews; and some method which would
insure greater quantities in less time, was a necessity. So, with
the consent of the authorities, we procured a small steamboat,
one we had used in former seasons,—the “Hannibal Eagle.” The
cost of the boat was about $400, and up to date, she has not only
done our work, but has placed to the credit of our fund over one-
half her cost,—which will be found properly credited in our’
financial statement—and we think that before the season is ended,
she will nearly have paid for herself. We built a barge, or live
box, so constructed that, by use of gates, covered by a wire gauze,
the barge could be, at any time, filled, and a current of water put
through it, or when being towed, could be made water-tight, and
_ towed up the river to point where fish were to be taken. The
barge was twenty-five feet long, eight feet wide, and four feet
deep, and when filled would contain as many fish as ceuld be
carried in a car, with safety.

The cars of the United States Commission, placed at our dis-
posal, were built for the purpose of transporting trout, white fish,
shad and carp, by the United States Fish Commission, and are
used as well, for hatching white fish and shad, in their seasons,
consequently had to be re-arranged so as to admit of tanks being
placed in them for the purposes of the native fish distribution.
Twenty tanks, calculated to contain about 80 to 100 gallons of
_ water, were fitted into the larger tanks in the car, and with a
erew of five men in each car, to care for them, the fish were
taken to the various streams in the State. A car load contained
from 4,500 to 6,500 fish, according to their size and condition, and
the state of weather.

These cars were at our disposal from July 15 to October 5.

The crews and men were maintained by the United States Fish
Commission.

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The transportation of these cars throughout the State was the
next question to consider, as it would have been simply impossi-
- ble to pay for it from our appropriation and perform the other
work devolving on us, of taking and caring for the fish, etc. The
- Board ordered a circular letter prepared and sent to the various
railroad managements, setting forth our necessities and asking
their aid. A number of the roads promptly responded, and we
were thus placed in a position to prosecute our work, without
which assistance we could have reached but a small portion of the
territory which their liberality has enabled us to cover. And in
justice to the railroad managements, we wish to say now, that to
their liberality we are indebted for the success of our work. More
than this, the assistance given us has been cheerfully rendered,
and it would be impossible to have had any better facilities,
any kinder attention, or greater assistance ‘from managements or
employes had we been paying full rates for every mile we tray-
eled, instead of being transported, as we were, free of expense.
We have never asked a favor that was not granted; never desired
a particular train that we were not given it, and water when
needed, with every attention possible cheerfully accorded us.

To the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, and Wabash railroad.
managements, however, are we especially indebted, as from the
location of our headquarters (Quincy, Ill.), we have been com-
pelled to get out over one or the other of these lines, and have
required a great deal of shifting of cars, etc. Not one word of
complaint has ever reached us.

We feel warranted in saying that the State is certainly indebted
largely to the United States Fish Commission and our railroad
managements, for the success of our work, and we think that our
people should understand it.

We publish herewith the list of railroads granting us transpor-
tation for the cars and many favors:

‘ Chicago, Burlington and Quincy R. R. Co.
Wabash Railway Co.
Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul R. R. Co.
Illinois Central R. R. Co.
Chicago and Northwestern R. R. Co.
Central Iowa R. R. Co.
Chicago, Burlington and Northern R. R. Co.
Chicago and Eastern Illinois R. R. Co.
Chicago and Iowa R. R. Co. a
St. Louis and Chicago R. R. Co.
Terre Haute and Peoria Ry. Co.
Siouisville, Evansville and St. Louis R. R. Co.
Toledo, Peoria and Western R. R. Co.

Rock Island and Peoria R. KR. Co.

Ohio and Mississippi Ry. Co.
Jacksonville Southeastern R. R. Co.
Lake Erie and Western R. R. Co.
Indianapolis and St. Louis R. BR. Co.
Louisville and Nashville R. R. Co.
Indiana, Illinois and Iowa R. R. Co.
Cairo, Vincennes and Chicago R. R. Co.
Chicago and St. Louis R. R. Co.

*8t. Louis, Keokuk and Northwestern Ry.
St. Louis Bridge Co.

INCREASE OF NATIVE FISH.

The practical results obtained by our mode of saving and dis-
tributing native fish are evident in almost every portion of the
State.

At several points in the Mississippi river, above and below
‘Quincy, have been taken, in large numbers, fine specimens of the
wall-eyed pike, the product of our planting four, five and six
years ago. The spawn was obtained at Green Lake, Wis., and —
after it was hatched, the fry was distributed at various points
throughout the State and in the Mississippi river at a number of
points.

During the seasons of 1887 and 1888, wall-eyed pike were taken
from the river at Quincy in greater numbers than ever known
before, and of a variety not common to the river, being unques-
tionably the product of the plants of 1880, 1881 and 1882. Some
specimens taken weighed 54 pounds, and two were taken which
weighed 61 and and 6? pounds, respectively. In taking the young
fish from the drying pools, thousands of young pike, one and two
years old, were gathered, and with the rest of the products of
such ponds, distributed through the State.

At Rockford, on Rock river, the catch of this fish has been re-
markable this season (1888.) These were two and three years old,
and are undoubtedly the product of the plant by the commission
in that river, and give evidence of a very great increase since they
were put in the river.

From Charleston, on the Embarras river, Mr. Weiss, Secretary
of the Charleston Protective Fish Association, writes that there
has been a great increase in the game fish in that stream, and
that the catch of black bass, croppie, ete, has been remarkable.
In Fox river, we are assured by those interested, that the increase
of the finer qualities of fish, is noticeable. This is also true of

*Although out of the State, they generously tendered the use of their trains when the car was
sent to points south of East St. Louis, thus avoiding lay overs and saving time.

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the Kankakee river. So, from all parts of the State, an increase
in all varieties of native fish, the product of our planting, has
been reported. In the absence of statistics, it is very difficult, of
course, to determine just what ratio of increase has been attained,
as adverse seasons, the taking of fish by unlawful means, and the
renewed interest which seems to have been taken in rod and line
fishing, during the last few years, have all conspired to decrease
the annual supply.

Some idea of the effect the use of rod and line may have upon
the general supply through the State, may be gained from facts
which have come under our personal observation and knowledge.

~ At Quincy, Illinois, in the bay back of the C., B. & Q. stock
yards, the water is quite deep, and lying there all season have
been a number of sunken flat boats and barges. In ten days
time, there were taken from that one point, over ten thousand fish.
It has been no unusual thing to see strings of 35 to 50 white
bass and wall-eyed pike, to one angler, the fish being, too, of
good size. This state of things is, however, new to that locality.

It has been estimated that, in early spring, five hundred fisher-
men could have been counted in one day, upon the river and bay
front, at, above and below Quincy, and, as a general thing, all
successful in their catches. We have been able to gain some idea
of the growth and increase in native fish, by observation of the
results in the inland ponds stocked by the commission.

Taking the results of their culture in ponds, we may form some
estimate of what the increase would be in streams, where all the
natural conditions would seem even more favorable, as there would
be the natural supply of food, and the proper conditions present,
for the deposit of the spawn, and the feeding and caring for the
fry. We will cite a few instances of the results in ponds planted |
by the commission:

At Lanesville, eighteen miles east of Springfield, upon a farm
owned by Mr. F. K. Whittemore, of Springfield, the Wabash R.
R. Co. built a reservoir, by making an embankment across a nat-
ural ravine, which, by backing up the water about one-half mile,
caused the formation of a lake of about eight acres area, being
about six feet deep at deepest point, and running out to nothing
at upper end and sides.

This, Mr. Whittemore, who reserved the fishing and boating
privileges, provided at its outlet, which was through a culvert,
with a wire screen, and obtained of our commission a few tanks
of native fish, and some carp fry. This was in the fall of 1882
and spring of 1883. In the summer of 1887, which, as we have
before noted, was an extraordinarily hot and dry one, the water
became very low, partly from evaporation and partly from the use
of it by railroad company, and fearing that fish would be lost,
Mr. Whittemore decided to take them out. Sending over a gang
of our men, with seine, we undertook to take them out, and trans-
fer them. This we found impracticable, however, as the number

and size were so great that it would have been impossible to pro-
cure transportation for them, and so they were taken in quantities
by people living about there. We took from the lake at that time,
black bass weighing 3} pounds, croppie weighing 14 pounds and
carp weighing 7 pounds. These were weighed and on exhibition
at the Leland Hotel, Springfield. We were informed that after-
ward, the lake ultimately drying up, a great number of bass were
taken out, which were much larger than those above mentioned.
The size and quantity of fish taken from this lake show that in
still water, fed by tile and surface drainage, native fish not only
grow rapidly, but increase in numbers to such an extent as to
seem almost incredible.

The following statement from Mr. Wilkinson, division superin-
tendent Illinois Central R. R., regarding a plant of fish made in
the Clinton reservoir of the Central R. R. at about the same
time as the first-named instance, will serve to illustrate further the
fabulous growth and increase attained in the inland waters:

ILLInoIs CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY,

OFFICE OF Division SUPERINTENDENT
SPRINGFIELD, December J, 1888.

S. P. Barilett, Hsq., Secretary Fish Commission, Quincy, Illinois:

DEAR Strr—I take pleasure in advising you of the proximate results of the fish planting in this
company’s reservoir at Clinton.

During the summer of 1887, the water getting low in the reservoir, owing to the general‘drought, ~

it was thought best to take the fish ont. The result was simply astonishing. From my best recol-
lection the fish that were planted there not to exceed three to three and half years previous, had in-
dividually attained a remarkable size, besides being in great quantity. I should estimate that we
took out not less than two thousand pounds in Gray ing a seine through the pond, which is some
eight hundred feet long and an average of say one hundred feet wide. "The water seemed to be fairly
alive with all varieties and sizes of fish, and I was much astonished to find a great quantity of black
bass in excellent condition; they run in weight from four and one-half pounds down to two poms
The German carp, of which there was a large number, 1an in weight from seven pounds to fourteen
and one-half pounds. The other varieties of fish ran in about the same proportion, but I was im-

ressed that the black bass had more than maintained their relative position in point of growth.

herefore it would appear that if such quantities of fish can be grown in an artificial water reservoir,
it can be regarded as a splendid result and at once recommends itself to the thoughtful as an ex-
ample of the solution of the problem of providing cheap food, and itseems to me that any farmer
has it in his power to enjoy a fish diet without expense. The propagation of the German carp seems
to be entirely successful. I distributed several of this fish, weighing from twelve to fifteen pounds,
and the report of those who partook of them was. favorable. Properly cooked, they are a yery
wholesome and nutritious article of diet. It gives me great pleasure to testify to the entire success
of fish culture so far as it has come under my observation, and I consider it due to you, to advise

you as above.
Respectfully,
WM. WILKINSON,

Division Superintendent.

Also the following letter from Hon. John M. Pearson, of God-
frey, Ill., which is to the same effect: .

GopFreEY, Lu., June 6, 1888.

Drar Str—I feel like writing you a fish letter. Last Friday I took fifty croppie out of my little
pond, of about one pound weight each. About two weeks since, after the heavy rain, the railroad
pond here (which you stocked), overflowed. and the boys found fish in the field below that weighed
18%, 18, 1644 and 6 pounds. The weight of the big ones was increased by spawn, which, in one in-
stance, weighed 64 pounds. * * * be * * * oe

[Signed. ] JOHN M. PBARSON.

With such facts as the foregoing before us, it is but fair to
presume that the growth and increase of the fish, planted by us
in the rivers and lakes, the natural homes and breeding places of
the native fish, would be much greater than in the still waters of
artificial ponds. And from the distribution this season of thous-

THE SPECKLED TROUT.

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ands of fish which will, at the opening of next season, be ready

‘to begin their work of reproduction in the waters which are their

natural homes, and under the conditions natural to their habits,
we may hope for marked and encouraging results. It would seem
to us, to be the most practical and economical method of propa-
gation and distribution possible. And as the question is not now,
nor has it been for years, one of experiment, but a fact demon-
strated by an increase in the supply in every portion of the State,
we fully believe that, with better facilities for our work, and
proper protection for the fish, it can not be long before our State
will be, as it was originally, one of the best in the Union for fish.

DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVE FISH.

The fish distributed in our inland streams and lakes, are. such
as are gathered from the sloughs and holes along the Mississippi
River, left there by the receding waters, and if not so cared for,
would perish in countless numbers each, season. They are
gathered by means of small-meshed seines. Such as are not used
for distribution, are put into nearest deep water. When men are
not occupied in gathering for distribution, their time is utilized |
in rescuing the fish from these drying holes, and putting them.
in the river. The fish gathered are, in the main, of the varieties
named below, and are native to Illinois waters, The following
are the varieties found:

Big mouthed Black Bass, Small mouthed Black Bass, Croppie,
pale; Croppie, black; Wall-eyed Pike, Pickerel, Pike, Striped
Bass, White Bass, -Yellow Bass, Ringed Perch, Spotted Catfish,
Channel Catfish, White Perch, Sun Fishes, Buffalo.

With these, however, there are more or less of the Hickory
Shad and the Minnow family, which are as essential to a success-
ful planting of fish, as the better varieties themselves, furnishing
food for the latter, being prolific breeders, and adapting them-
selves to the waters of the State, equally as well as the others.

Of the varieties enumerated, the Pickerel, Wall-eyed Pike, and
Ringed Perch, have been plenty only of late years, plants of
them having been made throughout the State, and in the Missis-
sippi river in 1881, 1882, 1883, and at various times since. The
spawn of the Wall-eyed Pike was obtained at Green Lake, Wis.,
and hatched artificially. The Pickerel and Ringed Perch haying
been brought from Lake Michigan, Lake Geneva and Green Lake
as spawners. Ringed Perch, in season of 1887 were very plentiful,
being taken in yery large numbers when seining the small ponds
for fish, but this season have, so far, proved to be scarce. ‘The
Wall-eyed Pike and Silver Bass predominated early in the season,
greater quantities of the young being taken, than in any preyious
ae which, as noted before, was true as regards the mature

sh.

We used, in distribution, cars No. 1 and 2 of the United
States Fish Commission. Car No. 1, in charge of Newton Simmons,

10

and car No. 2 in charge of W. A. Dunnington, and the whole work
under the supervision of Geo. H. H. Moore, Superintendent Dis-
tribution United States Commission. The cars were those used
by theUnited States Commission in their distribution of Shad and
White fish. They are similar in size to a large passenger coach,
and are fitted up with reservoir tanks, for carrying water, ice,
etc., in main body of car, the tanks extending along each side.
Into these were placed, for our distribution, boxes holding from
80 to 100 gallons of water, and these carried the fish for distribu-
tion. Each car had acrew of four men, and a cook. ‘The cars were
provided with air brakes, and were, in every respect, first-class.

The fish were gathered by gangs of men with seines, and put
into a large flat boat, 25 feet long by eight feet wide and four feet
deep, arranged so as- to form a live box when necessary, or could
be used as a flat-boat when in tow of steamer. A steamer of

about five tons burthen, was used to shove the barge up or down

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stream, towing the small boats and crews and towing the
barge or live box, back to port when filled with the fish.
When boat was landed at wharf, the gates were closed and
box pumped out, and the fish transferred in carriers to the
ear. This was attached to a passenger train and taken to
its point of destination. The crew of car by use of dip-
pers, aerating the water constantly, until they were planted. Thus

we have been enabled to place in every stream, crossed by the

railroad over which we were transported, a good and sure supply
of breeding fish, at a cost small in comparison with that of
methods previously used by us, viz.: Transportation of fish in
tanks, placed in baggage cars and in charge of messengers. The
cars, when empty, were returned to Quincy by passenger irain,

again filled and the same process repeated. In this manner 26

trips were made. Each car load contained from 4,500 to 6,500
fish. These fish were from three inches to 14 inches in length,
mainly mature or breeding fish. We consider the work of this
season, in this branch, to be of more practical benefit than that
of many previous seasons combined, as the fish were large enough
to reproduce next spring, and in waters almost depleted by past
unfavorable seasons, this wjll give at once a stock of greater numbers
and under more favorable conditions than could have been accom-
plished by planting hundreds of thousands of young fry. That
this method of rescuing and distributing native fishes originated
by our commission, and carried on by us as for the past few years
with such success, meets the approbation of the United States
Commission, is evidenced by the iact that during the past season
the United States Commissioner has had similar work done in
several States under the direction of the United States Commus-
sion, and, we understand, intends devoting one branch of the Com-
mission to this work in the future. We consider this a compli-
pty endorsement of our method, and appreciate it accord-
ingly.

11
CARP.

Seven years have passed since the introduction of Carp into
‘the State of Illinois,—two years since they were planted in public
waters of the State, and a brief resume of what has been accom-
plished may not be without interest:

When Carp were first proposed, there were but few, if any
ponds in the State for the cultivation of fish, and the subject was
considered as relating to the ornamental adjuncts to farm man-
agement. Few gave it any thought as a source of profit, or as a prob-
able increase of the products of the farm. One by one began to con-

sider the matter, and applications for the fish became frequent.
Much was promised for them. In their natural home, in _ that
thickly populated portion of the old world, Germany, they ranked
among the fine fish. They were known to be hardy and prolific,
accommodating themselves to almost any kind of water, and to
almost any locality. As a result of such theories, a large pro-
portion of those who early applied for Carp, put them into their
stock ponds, or ponds to which stock was allowed free access, and
left the fish to care for themselves. The result was, to some ex-
tent, unsatisfactory, as might have been expected. Such fish as
survived the freezing up of the pond in winter, and its drying
out in summer, were not found to be of so fine a character as to
flavor and general edible qualities, as had been expected. “In other
words, these experimenters had undertaken to obtain something
for nothing, a result very difficult to attain in any business under-
taking, and disappointment resulted. As the subject of fish cul-
ture, in ponds supplied by surface drainage, began to be better
understood, ponds were built for their reception, alone, and at
least as good a chance for existence and growth given them, as
the average chicken or hog obtained, and results were, conse-
quently, better. Until now, those who undertake to cultivate fish,
do so with the understanding that good results only follow good
care and proper appliances.

As a glance at the tables of carp distributed will show, the in-
terest in their culture is far from abating, and the practical evi-
dence on every hand tends to show the following facts, viz.: Carp
can be successfully raised in inland lakes; that the percentage of
profit from an acre of water is largely in excess of an acre of
land with equal amount of care and expense; that carp are fully
up to the average as an edible fish, if properly treated, and, in
spite of adverse criticism, they still hold their own as a desirable
adjunct to economic farming, as is shown by the large number of
applicants filed this year to be supplied by our distribution of
’ November next. In the proper place, in this report, will be found
copies of some of the many letters we have received, from those
who have obtained carp through our commission, bearing upon
this subject. From estimates based upon the reports of those who
have undertaken carp culture, it is safe to assume that, in this
State last year, the product of carp ponds would be, at a small

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12 2 ors
calculation, 3,500,000 pounds of carp, which, at a low figure, say
3 cents per pound, would save to the agricultural districts $105,-
000, and this for an expense of less than $5,000 to the State for
the whole time (seven years) for this branch of our work. As a
source of profit, outside of the supply for family consumption, a
number have made a business of carp culture, and utilize the in-
-erease of their ponds by selling for stocking purposes, obtaining
for the young fry about $5 per Hundred. The introduction of
carp into our public waters presents still another phase of the
value of the fish. During the seasons of 1886 and 1887, and 1887
and 1888, the U, S. Fish Commission gave us carp for our public
waters. The trips of distribution of 1886 and 1887 were noted in
former reports. We give herewith a summary of our distribution
for season of 1887 and 1888: On November 13, 1887, car No. 2,

- U.S. Fish Commission, in charge of Mr. George H. H. Moore,

~ arrived at Quincy with a load of carp for distribution in the pub-
lic waters of the State. Leaving Quincy at 5 o’clock same day,
on Wabash R. R., 1,500 blue carp were planted in Illinois river,
500 in lake at Jacksonville, 1,000 in ponds on State Encampment
' Grounds, at Springfield. Car left Springfield at 4:30 P. M. of
14th, on Illinois Central R. R., planting 500 at Clinton, IL, Cen-
tral Reservoir, arriving at Kankakee at 4 o’clock on morning of
15th. Planted in Kankakee river, at Kankakee, 5,000. Left Kan-
kakee at 7 o’clock same morning. Ran to Centralia, where carp -
were left for the following points: Crooked creek, 250; Clear
river, 250; Little Wabash river, 250; Big Muddy river, 250; Okaw
river, 250. Leaving Centralia at 8:50 morning of 16th, ran to
Decatur, where 1,000 carp were deposited in Sangamon river.
Left Decatur at 4.30 P. M. on Wabash R. R. for Quiney, arriving
-at 12 o’clock at night. Left Quincy on C., B. & Q. R. R. on morn-
ing of 18th. Left 250 carp in ponds of C., B. & Q. RB. R. at
Galesburg. Arrived at Mendota at 12 o'clock, sending 1,090 carp
by messenger to Rock river, at Dixon, and leaving 1,000 at Men-
dota, for Mendota lake. Arrived at Aurora at 1:15, planted 2,000
in Fox river, and sent 500 by messenger to Naperville, for Des
Plaines river. Arrived at Chicago at 2:45, from there 250 carp
sent to Rockford, for Rock river, and 400 to Richmond, for lakes
-in McHenry county. Car left for Washington on the night of
November 18.

The transportation of car No. 2 for this trip, as indicated by
memoranda of trip, was furnished by Wabash, [Illinois Central
and C. B. & Q. railroads, free of charge. As to the results of
such planting this season, it would be impossible to make any es-
timate as yet, but of former planting, the results have been appar-
ent. Carp are very frequently taken in Illinois river, of large
size, and in splendid condition. Along the Mississsppi river,
where the men were dragging the drying sloughs, etc., for native
fish, it has been almost a daily occurrence to take a fair propor- ©
tion of carp, varying from 1 to 15 inches in length, showing
conclusively that they not only grow in our river waters, but in-

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crease, as well. From one pond near the river, known as the
Workhouse pond, just at the southern limit of the city of Quincy,
and formed by the overflow from river, at one haul of the seine,
34 carp averaying 12 inches in length, were taken with the other
fish. Then, too, the extent of territory over which they have been
taken, proves that they are fast taking on the habits of our native
fish, and will soon be numbered among them as plentiful as the
buffalo, which enter so largely into commercial circles as a_ stand-
ard fish for market. Much has been said about the carp. Much
that has been adverse as well as favorable, as to its edible quali-
ties. They have been called the hog among fish; a poor argu-
ment against them when the value of pork as an article of food
is considered. Among the many criticisms, unfavorable to their
quality as food fish, some such have been sent us. But investi-
gation generally shows that such fish as were condemned, have
been taken from some warm, muddy pond, or at time of the year
when none of our fine fish are considered fit for the table. It is
a well-known fact that if your best fish, such as bass and croppie,
are taken from similar ponds, the flesh is found to be vastly in-
ferior to the same fish taken from pure water. Taking such facts
into consideration, one need not wonder if now and then a dis-
satisfied carp-eater is heard from. Carp, like everything else, re-
quire a fair chance to succeed well in life. Given a good pond of
good water and food sufficient and of proper quality, they will
compare as to quality of flavor, etc., very favorably with our aver-
age native fish, provided they are killed at proper season, and
properly cooked. So, at least, say 90 per cent. of those who have
tried them. The whole question as to whether carp culture is a
profitable one is simply one of figures, and each can easily solve it
for himself. Given a pond of any size and carp suflicient to stock
it, purchased, say measuring three inches in length in fail, they
will in following fall, measure from 12 to 14 inches, and ‘weigh
from two to three pounds each.

ERM CHIN COSL,WSEYS. ao.) ceil cies thek-o nota Sele quoi de eae $30
PERN MR Retr ee). Ae RR SNe aA) aed aa, Syl din gee 5
imieresh onpexpenditure and’ Gare... . 0.22. 2.5. eee be Oks 10

kG) A eee: ‘Sh IS ie Bete A eee le ee $45

One thousand carp weighing two pounds each at one year of
age at five cents per pound, $100, a net profit of $55. Where
can a like profit be obtained from any similar amount of expend-
iture or care? But to obtain all this requires, as with everything
else, care, common business sense, and judgment. Carp cared for
properly are profitable and a success. Carp neglected and in poor
water, a failure.

WHITE FISH.
Considerable attention is paid to this fish by a number of our

adjoining States, contiguous to the great lakes. All of them are
provided with hatching stations, where spawn is utilized and the

4 . abe

fry placed in the lakes.” As stated in a previous report, [llinois
has contributed but little towards this work, although commer-
cially very largely benefited by their protection. To this work the
present United States Commissioner of Fisheries, Col. Marshall
McDonald, has devoted a large amount of time and money, and as
nearly as possible has undertaken to do the whole of it, by pay-
ing the expense of operating the various stations in the several
States during the white fish season, beside the regular U. 8.
Commission hatching stations at Duluth, Northville, ete.

The Commissioner has submitted a proposition to our Board,
which, in our opinion, is more than fair, and should be considered
promptly and favorably. He has offered to equip, maintain and
operate a hatching station for white fish in our State, if the State
would furnish the location, water and buildings; and, after the
white fish work was completed, the State Commission could have
the use of it for such purposes as needed, hatching wall-eyed pike,
trout, etc., if desired. And if at any time the work should be
abandoned by the U. S. Commission, the outfit would revert to
the State Board. With a view to getting this matter in definite
shape, we submitted the proposition to the Chicago Park Com-
missioners, thinking it possible to find a location for such a sta-
tion in Chicago. We were offered all the ground we could use in
any of the West Side parks, with a probability of a sufficient sup-
ply of water for all purposes, free, the question of buildings
alone remaining to be considered. We have no doubt of the util-
ity of such an enterprise, as the practical demonstration of the
success of artificial production of white fish by the United States
and various State commissions has been of such a nature as to
admit of no controversy. Mr. A. Booth, of Chicago, has offered
the use of his boats and crews, and all aid necessary in procuring
the spawn, and depositing it when hatched. We would recom-
mend such an expenditure as necessary to complete buildings
for this purpose as an essential one, and that the proposition of
Col. McDonald be accepted.

FISHWAYS.

The hardest problem we have had to solve has been the fishway
question, and we find this has been true in almost every State in
the Union which has a fish commission. The first difficulty was
to find a proper fishway. It is, and has been, a matter of deep
concern among those who have made the habits of fish a study,
to find some practical method to enable fish to overcome the ab-
stacles placed in the way of their efforts to ascend the streams
and find their natural spawning grounds. It has been demon-
strated beyond any question, that the obstruction of water-courses
by dams has done more to decrease the supply of fish than any
other one cause. It needs but a casual observation in spring at
the first dam on any river, to convince any one of the truth of
this assertion; for gathered at base of dam will be found at be-

Reet S , 15

ginning of spawning season all the varieties of our native fish,
unsuccessfully striving to get up the stream to their natural breed-
ing grounds, and these fish can be, and are, taken by the hun-
dreds at a single dip of the net.

If these fish were allowed to go on unmolested up the stream,
deposit their spawn and harbor their young until they could care
for themselves, they would people not only the stream itself, but
every tributary, each with the-kind best suited to the locality,
and the food supply found there. The legislature, appreciating
the situation and the necessities occasioned, gave us a law making
it obligatory on all owning such dams or obstructions to provide
means to allow fish to pass over them. Various plans were
examined, but many of them proved impracticable, in that they
either would not accomplish the purpose for which they were in-
tended, or were of such construction as to offer insufficient resist-
ance to flood and ice, and so, of course, would not be permanent.
After carefully reviewing the work of other commissions, examin-
ing and proving the practicability of the different fishways used,
we found two which seemed to possess both requirements, viz.:
practical results and permanency. This much having been accom-
plished, we proceeded to give owners of dams the notice required
by the law, as indicated by section 3, viz.:

Sec. 3. That it shall be the duty of any person or persons who
now own or hereafter may erect any dam or other obstruction
across any of the rivers, creeks, streams, bayous or other water
courses within this State, to place therein suitable fish-ways, in
order that the free passage of fish up and down such waters may
not be obstructed; and in case the owners, operators, lessors, or
other persons operating, using or controlling any dam or other
obstruction across any of the rivers, creeks, streams, bayous or
other water courses of the State, shall fail or refuse after ten days’
notice by the Fish Commissioners of this State, or any one of -
them, to construct and maintain suitable fish-ways as provided in
this act, then the Fish Commissioners may construct or cause to be
constructed, suitable fishways, and recover in action of debt in
the name of the people of the State of Illinois, before any justice
of the peace or any court of competent jurisdiction, double the
cost of constructing said fishway; said fund, in excess of the
actual cost, shall be paid to the county superintendent of schools.

As will be seen by above section 3, after ten days’ notice by
the commissioners, or any one of them, if owner fails to comply
with the law, the “commissioners may construct, or cause to be
constructed, suitable fishways,” ete. To build fishways requires
money, and it must be paid for as the work progresses. After
fishway was completed, and after a due process of law, a lien
upon the property could be obtained, but in the meantime some
one must furnish means for the work. This the commissioners
could not do, as is evident to any one, when the cost of each
fishway and the number of dams to be provided, is considered.

rs oT he of OF 2 : co 5 oe J eee
16 ‘ z s t% - Let ry
With this as the situation, the people along Fox river and Fox
lake, becoming impatient at delay of dam owners to put in fish-
ways, formed themselves into a corporation known as the Fox
River Fish and Game Association, and made a demand upon the

commissioners to enforce the law, in the following letter:

THE FOX RIVER FISH AND GAME ASSOCIATION.

sf Cuicaco, March 26, 1888.
To the Fish Comission of the State of Illinois.

GENTLEMEN :—At a meeting of the Fox River Fish and Game Association, held at the Sherman
House, Feb. 17, 1888, on motion of Hon. John P. Reynolds, it was resolved that the President,
Secretary, and D.F. Barclay be a committee to notify the Fish Commissioners of the State of the
formation of this Association,—to call their attention to the dams on Fox River haying no fish-
ways, and to ask them to inform the committee what they consider to be suitable fishways under
the law, and to request them to see to the immediate enforcement of the laws of the State in this
respect. ;

This Association was incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois, February 7, 1888, its
object being to aid in enforcing the Fish and Game Laws of the State.

The committee finds that the dams mentioned below in Fox river haye no fishways, and earnest)
hope that the Commissioners will compel the various owners to build suitable fishways in accord-
ance with the laws of the State.

CHAS. F. HILLS.
JOHN WILKINSON.
D, F. BARCLAY.

List of damson Fox River unprovided with fishways, with names of owners:
Dayton, owned by the State of 1llinois.

Yorkville, owned by M. B. Castle & Son.

Oswego, owned by Wm. Parker.

Montgomery, owned by Hoard & Bradford.

Aurora, owned by J. G. Stolp and Hoyt Brothers.

Batavia, owned by John Van Nortwick.

Geneva, owned by Gates & Bennett.

St. Charles, owned by Thomas and Robert Stewart.

Clintonville, owned by O. Davidson.

Elgin, owned by Elgin Hydraulic Company, I. VU. Towner, Secretary.
Carpenteryille, owned by Illinois Iron & Bolt Company.

Algonquin, owned by George Peacock.

In response to above communication, we met the officers of the
association, by appointment, in Chicago, about April Ist, 1888, and
the situation was explained to them. The matter of the appro-
priation of $2,000 for expense of Commission in enforcing the
laws relative to fishways, was brought up, and the question
asked, if that amount could not be used for such purposes. The
matter was referred to Hon. W. H. Henkle, Chief of Auditor's
office, for his opinion, which he gave as per following letter:

State oF ILLINOIS,
OFFICE OF THE AUDITOR OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTS
SPRINGFIELD, April 4, 1888.
S. P. Bartlett, Secretary State Fish Commission, Quincy, lilinois:
DEAR Strr—Yours of the 3d instant received.

The appropriation to which you refer, is limited to the payment of the personal expenses of the
Commissioners or such persons a8 may be appointed by them, to act in the enforcement of the laws
relative to fishways, etc.

No part of such appropriation could be properly used for the purpose of construction of fish-
ways, as inquired about.

I will be pleased to see you when next in the city.
Yours truly,
W.H. HENELE.

‘dHONVS AHL

‘asuapvUny wWoLpaysozy!

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The matter was then left in abeyance for some days, when upon
’ June 22nd the following letter was received from the Association,
through their attorney, Hon. 8. A. French.

CuHIcAGo, July 7, 1888.
S. P. Bartlett, Hsq., Quincy, Iilinois:

Dear Srr—I received your telegram, but have not received any letter explaining delay as indi-
cated by telegram. At a meeting of the Fish and Game Association the enclosed paper was unani-
mously approved, and a fund was raised suflicient to carry out the purposes of the Association.

The petition, or rather demand, has been signed by a few of our leading members, and if it
would be considered any more emphatic or have any greater effect, the signatures of every person in-
terested in the object of the association can be obtained in a short time.

As it is thought to be desirable that this matter should be promptly brought to your notice, and
as Iam now uncertain when I shall see you here, I am instructed to forward you this demand and
guarantee by mail, and I herewith enclose for your consideration the same. Personally, and as your
warm friend and well wisher I will say to you that these people mean business, and that I consider
it to your best interests as I have before indicated to give heed to their request, and take immediate
and prompt action.

Trusting I may see you at an early day, I am,
Yours truly,
S. A. FRENCH,
Attorney for Association.

Cuicaco, ILLinors, June 21, 1888.
To the Board of Fish Commissioners of the State of Illinois:

GENTLEMEN—We, the undersigned citizens and residents of the State of Illinois, hereby call
your attention to paragraphs two and three, of section one, chapter fifty-six, of the revised statutes
ee this State, being an act approved June 29, 1885, and in force July 1, 1885, which is as follows,

o-wit:

“That no person shall place, or cause to be placed or erected any seine, net, weir, fish dam or
other obstruction in, or across any of the rivers, creeks, streams, ponds, lakes, sloughs, bayous, or
other water courses wholly within this State, or in that part of such stream or water course wholly
within this State, in such manner as shall obstruct the free passage of fish up and down or through
such water courses, and that it shall be unlawful for any person to catch or take fish, except
minnows for bait, with any device other than a hook or line or spear, within one-half mile of
any dam constructed across any of the rivers or creeks of this State.

2. That it shall be the duty of any person or persons who now own or hereafter may erect
any dam or other obstruction across any of the rivers, creeks, streams, bayous or other water courses
within this State, to place therein suitable fish-ways in order that the free passage of fish up and
down may not be obstructed. A failure to perform this duty for thirty days after the passage of this

act shall be deemed a vioiation of this section, and a failure to perform such duty for each fifteen
days thereafter, shall constitute a separate offence.”

We furthercall your attention to paragraphs two and three, chapter 56, of said statutes, being
an act approved May 21, 1887, in force July 1, 1887.

“That no person shall place, or cause to be placed or erected, any seine, weir, net, fish dam or
other obstruction in or across any of the rivers, creeks, streams, ponds, lakes, sloughs, bayous, or
other water courses wholly within this State, in such manner as_ shall obstruct the free passage of
fish up and down or through such wuter courses, and that it shall be unlawful for any person to
catch or take fish, except minnows for bait, with any devise other than a hook and line within one-
half mile of any dam constructed across any of the rivers or creeks of this State.

“3. That it shall be the duty of any person or persons who now own, or hereafter may erect
any dam or other obstruction across any of the rivers, creeks, streams, bayous, or other water
courses within this State to place therein suitable fish-ways. in order that the free passage of fish up
and down such waters may not be obstructed; and in case the owners, operators, lessors, or other
persons operating, using or controlling any dam or other obstruction across any of the rivers, creeks,
streams, bayous, or other water courses of this State, shall failor refuse after ten days’ notlce by the
Fish Commissioners of this State, or any one of them, to construct and maintain suitable fish-ways
as provided in this act, then the Fish Commissioners may construct or cause to be constructed suita-
ble fish-ways and recover in action of debt in the name of the people of the State of Illinois, before
any justice of the peace, or before any court of competent jurisdiction, double the cost of construct-
aie aoe dR a said fund in excess of the actual cost, shall be paid to the county superintendent
of schools. :

And in this connection to notify you that unlawful dams have been constructed and now exist
across Fox river in this State, at the following points, viz: at Dayton, Yorkville, Oswego, Aurora
Batavia, Geneva, Elgin, South Elgin, St. Charles, Carpentersville, Algonquin, and elsewhere, and
that none of said dams are provided with snitable fish-ways as provided by law.

You wil! further take notice, that under the common construction of the language of above pro-
yisions as held by the courts of this State upon the above facts being brought to your notice, it be-
comes your duty to immediately serve upon the offending owners of said dams, a notice as provided
by law to construct proper fish-ways im said dams, and on their failure so to do within the
statutory period, to proceed to const: uct the same, and to collect from the owners of such dams the
cost thereof with statutory penalty.

F. C.—2

ate oor a) oe eS oe

You are hereby notified that the Fox River Game and Fish Association, a corporation organ-
ized under the laws of this State, agree to advance the necessaay funds in the first instance to be
paid back to them out of recovery had from said dam owners by legal proceedings as by law pro-
vided.

The agreement of said association in writing being hereto attached. We therefore, for our-
selves, and for the people of this State formally and emphatically demand of you chat you forthwith
perform your duties as Fish Commissioners of this State, and enforce the above provisions of the
statute of this State.

-

Cuas. F. Hits, FrENcH & May,
President Fox River F. & G. Ass’n. y Attys. for Fox River F. & G. Ass*n.
JOHN WILKINSON, Joun A. Rocue.
Secretary Fox River F. & G. Ass’n. GEORGE B. SwiFt.
GrorGE E. Coz, Pump KNopr.
86 Dearborn Street. THoMAS PARKER.
Henry L. Hertz, Cuas. E. HyDE.
\ 278 North May. W.L. Brown.
Joun ©. McCone, W. D. Cooper.
116 LaSalle St. CHARLES H. FosTER.
JOHN W. LYKE, JOHN P. REYNOLDs.
156 Washington St. W. C. DYER.
FRANK I. PEARCE, Cyrus H. CLARKE.
11 South Jefferson St. FRANK E. NELTNOR.
GEORGE C. PRusSING, Geo. R. Dayis.

588 Dearborn ave.

CuicaGo, Iiz., June 2ist. 1888.
To the Board of Fish Commissioners of the State of IVinois.

GENTLEMEN—WHEREAS, It has come to our notice that certain dams on Fox River in this State
are not provided with suitable fish-ways;

And, WHEREAS, It is provided by law that in case the owners of such dams fail to erect such
fishways in such dams when properly notified by you, that you may proceed to erect such fishways
and recover from the owners thereof double the cost of such fishway;

And, WHEREAS, We are informed that no fund has been provided or is in your hands with
which to pay the cost of said fishways in the first instance, and in consequence of such deficiency
you are unable to, and decline to act in the matter and carry out the law; “s

Now, Therefore, We hereby agree to advance to you the necessary funds to pay for such fish-
ways in the first instance whenever such fishways are completed or as the same may be required
from time to time during the construction of said fishways.

All such moneys so advanced to be paid to us immediately out of recoveries to be had against
the owners of such dams as aforesaid, and provided, further, that our attorney be anthorized in
your name to bring and prosecute all suits for such recovery, whenever such right of action against
such dam owners or any of them may from time to time accrne.

Cuas. F. Hizts,

‘ President.
JOHN WILKINSON,
Secretary.

Immediately upon receipt of this letter, another meeting in
Chicago was arranged, and acting under the provisions of the let-
ter, the owners of the Elgin Hydraulic Company, of Elgin, Il.,
were given notice required by law, and the commissioners pro-
ceeded to arrange for suitable plans for the fishways.

A meeting with the directors of the Elgin Hydraulic Company
and Mr. Rogers, of Amherst, Canada, was had, and figures were
made looking towards a contract to put in fishway without re-
course to the enforcement of the legal phases of the notice. The
Board appointed Mr. Geo. B. Cole, of Geo. B. Cole & Co, Chi
cago, to act for them in this matter, and in all matters connected
with fishways upon Fox river. Mr. Cole, one of the leading
spirits in the Fox River Association, gave his time and personal
attention to the matter, visiting every dam on the river, and served
notices upon all interested, as per his report herewith. |

The dam at Elgin was provided with a Roger’s fishway, as were

also those at South Elgin and Algonquin. Right here arose ong
a

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other question, which proved a new hindrance to the successful
completion of the work of the Commissioners. It was this: The
dam at Dayton, belonging to the State, was unprovided with a
fishway. It was the first dam on the river, and the argument was
used by those above that it was useless to force them to comply
with the law without first having the State open its dam. The
argument was a hard one to controvert, and it would have seemed
like a mere display of ,authority to force those above to comply
with the law without the State was, first, in a position to make
it possible. Correspondence with the Canal Commissioners was
had, with reference to the joint resolution of the Thirty-second
General Assembly, as herewith:

Joint RESOLUTION 32D GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

Concerning the construction of fishways by the Canal Comnissioners.

WHEREAS, It appears from statements made by the Fish Commissioners of the State of
Lllinois, that the dams constructed by the State of Illinois are not sufficient to meet the require-
ments of the present law in regard to fishways; therefore, be it

Resolved by the House of Representatives,the Senate concurring herein, That the Canal Commis
sioners of the State of Illinois be, and are hereby instructed to complete or 1 econstruct said dams.
so that they may afford easy and ample opportunity for fish to pass over said dams.

The Commissioners agreed to put in a fishway, and at present
writing we understand that they have commenced operations, thus
making it possible for us to proceed to open up Fox river entire.
This will give to Fox lake its proper annual supply of fish from
the Illinois river, and through it from the Mississippi river, while
the natural breeding grounds to which they can then find free
access will soon give the increase in millions of young fish, thus
thoroughly and effectually repopulating the waters of that portion
of the State.

On Rock river the situation is different. There no dam ob-
structs save those owned by private corporations, and due notice
has been served upon the owners. At Rockford the law is being
complied with and a fishway in process of construction. On the
Kankakee river arrangements have been made for putting in fish-
ways, private parties arranging to take the line and furnish the
money, provided the owners do not put them in themselves. Thus
all over the State in almost all the inland streams, we find the
stream obstructed by dams, some of them quite small, some mas-
sive, but all needing to be provided with fishways; and, as we
have shown, it is simply impossible to enforce the law if commis-
sioners are obliged to put them in, without sufficient means are
provided for the purpose. With one dam so provided upon a
stream, there is no question but that all others interested would
comply. We would recommend that a sufficient sum of money be
made available to be used in enforcing the provisions of the law.
The State for its expenditure, which would be only temporary,
being fully indemnified by the lien obtained upon the property.

_ We would also recommend that the law be so amended as to make
the Fish Commissioners the judges as to what shall constitute a
good and sufficient fishway. This would enable them to approve

p.
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20

and adopt some practical, durable and economical plan. As it is,
each owner of a dam may put in a fishway that in his opinion
will give a free passage for fish, up and down the stream, and
leave it to time and those interested, to prove that it does not.

There can be no question as to the importance of the thorough
enforcement of the law With the rivers fully opened, fish will
find their way from the larger rivers—the great arteries—up into
the headwaters of the smaller streams and their tributaries, re-
peopling where now are only such as are planted there, and in an
incredibly short time the waters will be filled to the extent nature
designed, with fish native to them. Without it, it will be a work
of constant care on the part of those whose duty it may be to not
only stock these waters annually, but to guard them from the in-
roads made upon them not only by natural causes, but by the use
of seines, which the obstruction of streams makes so easy at the
season when fish are struggling to carry out in nature’s ways,
nature’s plans, and make the water as productive to man’s use as

the land. |

REPORT OF GEO. E. COLE IN MATTER OF FISHWAYS ON FOX RIVER:

CuicaGco, Inu., August 18, 1888._
To S. P. Bartlett, Secretary, Quincy, Illinois:

DEAR Str—Thanking you for selecting me as the representative of the State Fish Commission to
notify the owners of dams on Fox river that they must comply with the law, relating to the placing
of proper ‘‘fishways”’ in their dams, I beg leave to submit the following as the result of my notifica-
tion tour:

I served written notices on all the owners of dams on Fox river from Algonquin to Yerkyille,
both inclusive.

Andrew Doig owns the dam at Algonquin. When served with the notice he said: ‘‘I am not able
“to ee in a fishway; but I am perfectly willing that one should be constructed in my dam, and ! will
do half the work” Notice served August 14. :

The Illinois Iron and Bolt Company owns the dam at Carpentersville—Henry E. Edwards, presi-
‘dent. When served with the notice Mr. Edwards said that he had already constructed a fishway, as
per model furnished him by ex-Fisb Commissioner McDole. He says that he will have nothing more
to do with the matter as he has obeyed the law fully. I examined the ‘“‘fishway” and found that at
its best fish can pass through it only at certain stages of high water. At present no water passes —
ithrough the fishway. Notice served August 14.

The Clintonville (or South Elgin) dam gave me a good deal of trouble on account of the
numerous parties interested therein. However, I am satisfied that they will comply with the law.
I served the tollowing persons who are interested, either in the dam, or have certain “water privi- |
leges.”” Dr. J. A. Teffert, (Elgin) who is ready to do hjs part. V. W. Panton, (Clintonville) owns
certain “water privileges” and is liable for any part of fishway, will do his part. Prank Hutchison
(West Elgin) owns ‘water privileges” and says he has nothing todo with the fish-way. Alfred
Bosworth, representative of the I. Bosworth estate, and cashier of First National Bank of Elgin,
says the estate only has “water privileges” and he has nothing to do with fishway. Orlando David-
son (East Elgin) owns part of the dam, and is willing to do his part. Notices served August I5th.

The St. Charles dam is in the same condition as that of Carpentersville. <A “‘fishway” was put
in at the instance of Mr. McDole, but was never formally accepted or rejectéd by him, though built
according to his plans ard specifications. Charles Haines, one of the owners will contest the
matter, in court if another fishway is required. Charles A. Miller, E. Brownell, and Stewart Bros.
are willing to put innewone. §S.S. Bignell and O. M. Butler also owners, were absent, and t
served notices on their employes. Notices served August 18th.

Bennett & Gates, C. E. Mann, Chas. Pope Glucose Company, and the W. H. Howell Co., are
the owners of the dam at Geneva. Notice was served personally upon all of them, except Charles
Pope, who was absent. His superintendent was served instead. There will be no trouble at this
dam. I would respectfully state in connection with this dam, that the Glucose factory is bitterly
complained of by everyone residing on the river south of Geneva to as far as Yorkville. Fishermen
claim that the refuse matter from the Glucose factory kills the fish, and ruinsthe water for drink-
ing, cooking and manufacturing purposes. Certainly, it is very filthy, and Ihave no doubt_as to
its injurious effects on fish. Itis atthe earnest request of all persons residing south of Geneva
vhat I make mention of this matter. Notices served August 16th.

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The dam at Batavia is owned by the Van Warwick Paper Mills and Challenge Mills, and the
Newton Wagon Company, and Shumway «& Bishop have “water privileges.”’ There will be no
trouble here. The dam owners are ready to begin work at once. The firms who have ‘‘water
privileges” say that they have nothing to do with the fishway. Notice served August 16th,

The dam at North Aurora is owned by several, though I could enly find one of the owners—
Mr. Alonzo George, cashier of the Second National Bank of West Aurora. I served notice on
him, aud he will act as the law directs, notifying all the others interested with him, the notice being
directed to each, and all of them. Notice served August 17th.

J. J. Stolp, Hoyt Bros., and Jameson & Sheets own the two dams at Aurora. Stolp and Jame-

son & Sheets are ready to go to work, while Hoyt Bros., say that they would rather allow other

arties to put the fishway in their dam at double costso they would have redress in the event the
am sould be damaged. Notice served August 17th.

Hoard & Broodhead, at Montgomery, are ready to go to work at once. Notice served August

William Parker, at Oswego, is ready to put in the fishway. Says he fought the State once, on
the question, but will not do so again. Notices served August 17th.

M. B. Castle & Co., and Sheridian Black own the dam at Yorkville and are ready to put in the
fishway. Notice served in person on Castle & Co., andon Black’s foreman. Notices served
August 17th.

All the owners insist that some one clothed with the proper authority wait on them and desig
nate place for fishway, and that as soon as that is done they are ready to proceed at once.

With great respect, I remain, yours very truly,
GEO. E. COLE.

FISH LAWS.

An Act to Encourage the Propagation and Cultivation and to Se-
cure the Protection of Fishes in all the Waters of this State.

[Approved May 31, 1887, in force July I, 1887.]

Srotion 1. Beit enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
represented in the General Assembly, That it shall be unlawful
for any person to catch or kill any fish with any seine or any
other device used as a seine, in or upon any of the rivers, creeks,
streams, ponds, lakes, sloughs, bayous or other water courses
wholly within or running through the State of Illinois, nor shall
the meshes of any weir basket or trap, or any device used for
catching fish in such waters not above prohibited, except for
eatching minnows for bait, be less than two inches square:
Provided, however, that seining shall be lawful and allowed be-
tween the Ist day of July in each year and the Ist day of March
in the following year, with seines, the meshes of which shall not
be less than two inches square, in such rivers or streams as are
used for navigation, wholly within the State, and not above or be-
yond any private or corporate dams on said rivers or streams, and,
also, in the navigable bays or lakes connected with such naviga-
ble streams wholly within the State, and not extending beyond
the overflowed bottoms of such rivers or streams: Provided, also,
That it shall be lawful for the Fish Commissioners, or persons
authorized by them, to take fish in any way at any time they
deem best, for purposes of propagation or distribution.

§ 2. That no person shall place, cause to be placed, or erected,
any seine, weir, net, fish dam or other obstruction in or across
any of the rivers, creeks, streams, ponds, lakes, sloughs, bayous
or other water courses wholly within this State, in such manner
as shall obstruct the free passage of fish up and down or through

a 4

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such water courses; and that it shall be unlawful for any person
to catch or take fish, except minnows for bait, with any device
other than a hook and line within one-half a mile of any dam
constructed across any of the rivers or creeks of this State.

§ 3. That it will be the duty of any person or persons who
now own or hereafter may erect any dam or other obstruction
across any of the rivers, creeks, streams, bayous or other water
courses within this State, to place therein suitable fish-ways, in
order that the free passage of fish up and down such waters may
not be obstructed; and in case the owners, operators, lessors, or
other persons operating, using or controlling any dam or other
obstruction across any of the rivers, creeks, streams, bayous or
other water courses of the State, shall fail or refuse after ten
days’ notice by the Fish Commissioners of this State, or any one
of them, to construct and maintain suitable fish-ways as provided
in this act, then the Fish Commissioners may construct or cause
to be constructed, suitable fish-ways, and recover in action of debt
in the name of the people of the State of Llinois, before any
justice of the peace or any court of competent jurisdiction, double
the cost of constructing said fish-way; said fund, in excess of the
actual cost, shall be paid to the county superintendent of schools

§ 4. That it shall be unlawful for any person or persons, at
any time, to catch or kill any fish in any of the rivers, creeks, —
ponds, lakes, sloughs, bayous or other water courses within the -
jurisdiction of this State, by use of spear, lime, acid, medicinal or
chemical compound or explosive.

§ 5. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to take by
any device or means whatsoever, brook trout from any of the
streams, lakes or other water courses within the State, between
the 15th day of July and the 1st day of April following, in each
year, and at no time with any device whatever, except a hook and
line.

§ 6. Any person or persons violating any of the provisions of
the preceding sections of this act shall be deemed guilty of a mis-
demeanor, and upon conviction shall be fined not less than ten
(10) nor more than two hundred (200) dollars and cost of suit.

§ 7. Any person or persons who shall, for the purpose of fish-
ing, without the consent of the owner, trespass upon the lands of
another, containing any fish pond or lake, whether natural or arti-
ficial, when and where the waters of such pond or lake are not
directly connected with any water course of this State, shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction shall be fined
in any sum not less than ten nor more than one hundred- dollars
and cost of suit for the first offense, and not less than thirty nor
more than two hundred dollars for the second offense, and the
same for each subsequent offense as for the second offense.

§ 8. To enforce the provisions of this act, all suits brought
under the same shall be brought in the name of the People of
the State of Illinois, and shall be brought on the complaint of any

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person or persons showing by affidavit that some section of this
act has been violated, giving the names of the person and persons
violating, if known, and if unknown, such affidavit shall state by
some person or persons whose name or names are unknown, and
such complaint shall be made before any justice of the peace of
the county in which such violation has been made.

§ 9. Where such violation is alleged to have been committed
upon that portion of a stream or water course which may be the
dividing line between two counties, then the complaint may be
made to any justice of the peace of either of such counties.

§ 10. If the justice before whom such complaint shall be made
shall be satisfied that there is reasonable cause to justify the
making of such complaint, he shall issue his warrant, directed to
the sheriff or constable of such county, commanding him forthwith
to arrest and bring before him, or in his absence, before some other
justice of the peace within such county, the person or persons al-
leged to have been guilty of violating any of the sections of this act.

§ 11. Whenever any person or persons shall be brought before
any justice of the peace, in the manner provided in this act, it
shall be the duty of such justice to hear and determine the com-
plaint. The person or persons so charged may demand a jury at
any time before the commencement of the trial, and the case shall
be tried as cases before justices in civil cases, and judgment shall
be for conviction or acquittal of the defendant or defendants in
the case. In case a jury is called, the form of the verdict shall
be, if for conviction: “We, the jury, find the defendant guilty, and
assess the fine at...... ;’ and if for acquittal: “We, the jury; find
the defendant not guilty.” The justice shall pronounce judgment
in accordance with the verdict.

§ 12. Whenever any judgment of conviction shall be rendered
against any defendant or defendants, as above provided, execution
shall issue forthwith on such judgment, and the sheriff or consta-
ble to whom the same shall be directed, shall pay one-half of all
penalties collected on such execution in payment of such judgment
to the person or persons who shall have made the complaint, and
the remaining one-half to the superintendent of schools of the
county wherein such trial shall be had.

§ 15. Whenever any execution issued as above provided, shall
be returned ‘No property found,” the justice issuing the same, or
in ease of his death or absence, any other justice having posses-
sion of the docket in which such judgment was entered, shall issue
his warrant to the sheriff or any constable of such county, com-
manding him to take and deliver the defendant or defendants in
the execution, to the jailor of said county, who shall receive such
defendant or defendants into his custody and commit him to the
county jail of such county, or workhouse of such county, when-
ever one exists, for a period of not less than ten nor more
than sixty days, as the justice shall decide and direct in his war-
rant, but such defendant or defendants so arrested or committed
shall be discharged at any time on payment of such fine and costs.

Ss .
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24

§ 14. Any defendant or defendants against whom such judg-
ment of conviction shall be rendered, and, in case of acquittal, the
party making the complaint, or any person who will give the
necessary bond, shall have the right of appeal, on the same terms
as in civil cases before justices, but no proceedings herein provided
for shall be stayed until such appeal shall be fully perfected.

§ 15. It shall be the duty of all sheriffs, deputy sheriffs and
constables of this State to look after the violation of any of the
sections of this act; to make complaints where such violations come
to their knowledge; and they shall have power to arrest any per-
son or persons they may find in the act of violating any of the
provisions of this act without a warrant, and keep him or them in
custody until complaint can be made against him or them, as
hereinbefore provided.

§ 16. All acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act are
hereby repealed; but such repeal shall not disturb the status of
the present Board of Fish Commissioners.

The foregoing is a copy of our Fish laws, as now in force.
The intent of the law is in itself, good, but it lacks the element
of proper provision for its enforcement, and does not clearly de-
fine violation. As the law now stands, the burden of proof rests
with the State, and while fishermen have been taken but a short
distance from a lake, with a wagon loaded with fish, and with a
wet seine on the load, yet even with such seemingly conclusive
evidence of violation, conviction has failed, as it was necessary to
prove that the fish were taken by such means, by parties in pos-
session. Men have repeatedly been detected coming out of bay
or lakes, with boat load of fish, and with a seine in sight, but
conviction was impossible for the same reason.

Again, the law does not define, as closely as it should, what
kind of nets, if any, may be used.

We think that the possession of a seine, net or trap, in the
portions of the State where their use is unlawful, or the posses-
sion of an unusual amount of fish, under circumstances which
would lead one to believe they were unlawfully taken, should be
considered a violation of the law, and warrant seizure and con-
fiseation of fish and nets, unless the possesser could show that
the fish were lawfully obtained. It is difficult to obtain evidence
against fishermen who violate the law, even when there are wit-
nesses of the violation. Men hesitate to testify against them,
fearing that harm to themselves or their property will grow out
of it. Then the work, for the greater part, is done after night,
and unless a business is made of watching them from start to
finish, conviction is very difficult. For reasons given in _ this
report, under head of fishways, as regards the use of the $2,000
per annum, appropriated for paying personal expenses of the
Commissioners, or persons authorized by them, we cannot use
that fund for other purposes than to pay personal expenses of
any one we might set at such work, their per diem being, of

eS - 2?

25

course, not allowable as a proper item of expense. And, even if
it could be so used, it would only be sufficient, with the other
expenses depending upon it, to cover the expense contracted in
the most flagrant violations, and entirely insufficient for any con-
siderable number of cases. On the other hand, if a-law was so
worded as to compel burden of proof to fall upon defendant, and
violation of law clearly defined, in our opinion, short work would
be made of the illegal taking of fish.

The construction of the law, seems, in our opinion, faulty, in
that it admits of a diversity of opinion as to its interpretation.

Section 1 says:

“Nor shall the meshes of any weir, basket, trap, or any device
used for catching fish in such waters not above prohibited, except
for catching minnows for bait, be less than two inches square.”
This section could be construed, if taken independent of section
2, to permit the use of almost any kind of net except such as.
had meshes less than two inches square. The second section, how-
ever, would seem to make such an interpretation doubtful.

“Sec. 2. That no person shall place, cause to be placed or
erected, any seine, weir, net, fish dam or other obstruction in or
across any of the rivers, creeks, streams, ponds, lakes, sloughs,
bayous or other water courses wholly within this State, in such
manner as shall obstruct the free passage of fish up and down or
through such water courses.”

If it were accepted as a fact that a net, trap or seine can not
be placed in the: water so that it will not to some extent consti-
tute an obstruction to the free passage of fish, then would the law
fulfill its purpose. But this is not the understanding of this sec-
tion, as the decisions in a number of cases have shown. The law,
to be effective, should be so clearly defined, in all its provisions,
as not to admit a doubt as to its meaning. Convictions have been
quite frequent, notwithstanding the many difliculties attending, but
the penalties imposed have been so triflng in comparison to the
extent of damage, as to discourage, not the violator, but those ~
seeking to enforce the law.

We would recommend that the laws be so amended as to cover,
as nearly as possible, the points set forth, and authority delegated
to the commissioners, or to some properly authorized person, to
legally enforce them.

MORTALITY AMONG FISHES.

During the month of August, 1887, immediately after a severe
rain storm, report reached us that an immense number of fine fish
were floating on the water, dead, in a lake at head of Quincy bay.
On going to the place indicated, we found the report to be true,
and the shores lined with dead bass, croppies, sunfish, buffalo,
catfish, white pérch, etc., evidently having been dead some days.
Prof. Forbes, State Entomologist, was telegraphed for and came
immediately.

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Repairing to the locality again, an examination of surroundings

was made. A seine was hauled in the lake and all fish taken out,
of which there seemed yet a plentiful supply, seemed to be lively
and healthy, showing no indications of disease. The fish along
the shore were in such an adyanced state of decomposition as to
make any detailed examination an impossibility. At Galena a sim-
ilar state of things existed, and a telegram from Mr. G. W. Per-
rigo, Chicago Times correspondent at Galena, said that the river
at.that point was fairly covered with dead fish. The same trouble
was encountered there, however, as at Quincy. The fish came to
the surface all in one night, and, as in former case, too badly de-
_ composed to admit of an examination, and as soon as water cleared
up the remaining fish were found to be as usual, lively and in
good condition. At Carlinville, at Beaver Dam Lake, a similar
instance occurred at same time. On going on to the lake no indi-
cations of any unusual conditions could be found. The fish had
ceased dying, and such as remained were doing well. In every
instance a large proportion of the fish were of the larger ones,
yet not confined to any variety.

Prof. Forbes, who promptly gave the matter his time and at-
tention, did not give an opinion as to cause of this mortality,
owing to the impossibility of making any examination as before
stated, and as in no instance could a sick fish be found, and none
dying after the one day, the cause could be only a subject of con-
jecture. We were also informed that a large number of carp
ponds were similarly affected, part of fish dying and only found
when in a decomposed condition they rose to the surface.

PROTECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS.

An unusual amount of interest taken of late years in the matter
of protecting fish and enforcing the laws, has resulted in the
forming of a large number of strong and influential organizations
in various parts of the State, and the sections of country affected
_ by these organizations have been greatly benefited by their moral
influence, as well as by their efforts for the enforcement of the
laws.

Fox lake and river have an organization whose membership
comprises all those who own property on Fox lake, many of these
being influential citizens of Chicago. To Mr. Geo. E. Cole, of
Chicago, our commission and the people of Fox river valley are
indebted for his energetic work in perfecting such an organiza-
tion and carrying out its provisions. The C., B. & Q. Rod and
‘Gun Club, another strong organization, taking in its membership
residents of all the territory lying along the O., B. & Q. BR. R.,
from Aurora to Chicago, through its Secretary and Superintend-
ent, Mr. Wm. Wright, of Naperville, is doing a splendid work.

At Galesburg a club, comprising about one hundred members,
us in process of organization, whose object is the better protection
of fish.

THE ROCK-BASS OR RED EYE.
Ambloptites rupestris.

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At Gladstone, the Crystal Lake Club has located a beautiful
club house, taken in about 4,000 acres of land and water, and has
effected a systematic organization for protection of game and fish.
At Springfield, the Springfield Fishing Club, numbering 100 mem-
bers, is working towards the same end. They have secured Clear
Lake, six miles east of the city, built a club house and beautified
the grounds and are affording protection, as far as possible, against
illegal fishing in the lake and river.

At Waterloo a similar association controls and protects a series
of beautiful lakes, as does, also, the Murdock Lake Club, in the
same locality.

At Charleston, on the Embarras river, the Charleston Protec-
tive Association is doing good and effective work, and to such an
extent has this been done, that illegal fishing is almost unknown
in that locality. Mr. Otto Weiss, secretary, reports an unusual ~
increase of fish resulting from the care of natural supply, and
such planting as has been done by the commission. So at
Danville. With a beautiful lake at the junction of the three
branches of the Vermilion river, controlled by a strong club,
efforts are being made to protect the fish as fully as may be.

At Carlinville, Beaver Dam Lake, owned and controlled by a
~ elub of same name, but few violations occur. At Rockford, Win-
nebago county fish club has a strong organization.

So, all over the State, an increased interest is shown. And if
our laws can be constructed so as to admit of proof being made,
and with a gradual but encouraging growth of public sentiment
in favor of fish protection, good results can be obtained, and a
work which every one admits to be a good one in theory, may
prove, in practice, a profitable one to the people of our State.

OFFICE BOAT.

The appropriation of one thousand dollars for building an office
and storage boat, by the last General Assembly, gave us what had
been so long a necessity, an office large enough to transact the
business of the Commission, a place for our books, papers and
blanks, and storage room for boats, live boxes, tools, ete. We
built a boat forty-eight feet long, over all, by thirty-one feet wide,
with a house, or cabin, forty feet long by twenty-five feet wide,
giving us two office rooms, one 12x15 feet, the other 10x12, with
a storage room 25x25 feet; height of eaves 105 feet, in center
11? feet; roof rounding; the whole surmounted by a small cupola
and flag-staff.

The house stands on three hulls, each 25 feet long by eight
feet wide, and three feet deep. The floor, two inches thick, is
laid on heavy timbers, running across hulls, and leaving a space
between hulls, of eight feet. The hulls are constructed of 4x6
timbers, laid flatwise on each other, drift-bolted through, for gun-
wales. Bottom and rake of two inch stuff. The office rooms are

28
finished by covering in sides and ceiling with yellow pine. Floor
first covered with tarred paper, and then by matched yellow pine.

Office provided with book-case, and case for boxes, and office rail-
ing. Cost of structure was as follows:

Contract for hulls—-three—$85 each................+... $255 00
Fe Ce PHOOTY OF“ UGK... ><. kick REE Pole Onl ete stat 120 00
ad eM sHSe LOE ‘tabin\?s |e ae 480 00
“s mS ceiling and office............0csse eee ee 60 00
romana material, asbestos... ./ iva. 2. dikes t nies oe 55 00
Wanting material, asbestos... .. 00.02.62. lnes ss eeaee 26 00
SEMI CHOrS; -p)- OACH.-.5. faite ya Doni MOOR yp oak opine 10 00
emeee ANG.” Pantie ONCE’ viaicss/s6 bens Pkoedis oo )s. wid cnet 18 00
DIRE MCIOBOLS.; 5 fs. 6. Re ete tee e as cee ee 11 00
“TET i eh Re aoe ch ONS ah SOR nd Ge Re Re 15 00
iTErS! -ACLOGNS, OlC).:<.ja 3s Aee ure aioe ene ee 31 50
$1,081 50

SPT IIGU ONG 22128 Na ok coogi, Se $1,000 00
Ee rOld, DOBb sat. hac cee ee oe 50 00 ~=1,050 00
DiGLIG (WAR A ied RAE a Be? Deise eat MEd $31 50

The boat is held in place by four spuds, 8x8 inches thick, 24
feet long, one at each corner of boat. The hulls are so arranged,
that any one of them may be taken out, independent of the others,
caulked or repaired, and put back. This will save, in itself, a
considerable amount yearly, as the expense of hauling out on
ways of so large a craft, is quite considerable. Arranged as this
is, work can be accomplished by a man or two, in a_ short time,
without interfering materially with the house or cabin. The
painting was done by the man in charge, during the interval
between seasons. Stage planks, and inside fixtures for store rooms
also arranged by him. We designed, when building boat, space
for placing hatching jars, with necessary piping, pump and boiler
to enable us to hatch artificially, the eggs of the Wall-eyed Pike,
etc., and thus lessen the expense annually incurred when work
was done for us by other parties.

In our office, we need furniture sufficient for our purposes,
desks, a safe, typewriter, and such appliances as will enable us
more easily to care for the constantly increasing work connected
with it.

We would recommend that an amount be appropriated sufficient
to complete boat, furnish office, and provide for hatching spawn.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

We desire to acknowledge our obligation to Col. McDonald, U.
S. Commissioner of Fisheries, for the generous gift of the use of
U. S. Fish Commission cars Nos. 1 and 2, as well as for our an-
nual supply of carp for distribution to private individuals and to
public waters,

29

To. Hon. Geo. H. H. Moore, Superintendent of Distribution U.
S. Fish Commission, for valuable aid given in personal supervis-
ion in the work of distribution.

To the superintendent of car No. 1, Newton Simmons, and of
ear No. 2, Will. A. Dunnington, for courteous and constant assist-
ance, aside from the regular work, whenever needed. To the
“boys” who comprise the crews of both for the interest taken in
the work, and the good will with which it was accomplished.

To our railroads we are, as before stated, indebted for much of
our success; for without their aid given just as it was and at the
time it was, we would have failed even though all other interests
were favorable. They have been generous and accommodating even
when worked inconvenience to them to be so.

The employes of the roads over which we worked have always
given us careful consideration, and by their ready assistance have
made it possible, very often, to overcome obstacles which without
their aid would have been insurmountable for the time. To the
press of the State, this,as in all other seasons, since the organiza-
tion of the Board, we owe very much of the interest awakened
through the State in fish distribution and protection. By their ready
co-operation and the generous use of their columns when needed,
we have been able to reach the people with our announcements of
distributions, etc. We have been criticised at times severely, but
have found them as ready always to bestow praise as censure, if
we deserved it.

To Prof. Forbes, State Entomologist, and his assistant, Prof.
W. H. Garman, we are indebted for the elaborate and valuable
papers found in appendix to this report.

UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.

Since our last report Prof. S. F. Baird, so long at the head of

the Smithsonian Institute and of Fish Commission, has passed
away. His labors have given the work of fish culture an impetus
that has made it widespread, and by his scientific imvestigation
and experiments he has made the practical working of our com-
missions possible to-day. Prof. Baird was succeeded by Col. Mar-
shal McDonald, who had served under him as Chief of Division
of Distribution for a long period of time, and to whom the fish
culturists of to-day are indebted for very many of the practical

»

appliances for artificial propagation of fish, and for the general ©

work of the Commission. Col. McDonald has undertaken to ar-
range his work so that he can co-operate with the various State
Commissions, and do for them such work as could be accomplished
in conjunction with that of the U. S. Commission, such as the
propagation and distribution of whitefish and shad.

Long connection with the U. 8. Commission has enabled Col.
McDonald to appreciate the wants of every portion of the country
and apply practically such means of relief as his great experience

would suggest. He thoroughly understands his business and gives
it closest attention. His appointment has given universal satisfac-
tion to the various State Commissions, and to every one who has
an interest in the practical development of fish culture and pro-
teetion throughout the Union. Col. McDonald has proved himself
to be “the right man in the right place.’ A conscientious, in-
dustrious worker, and always for the best interests of the whole
country.

SUMMARY.

We leave our work and its merits to be judged by those in-
terested. We have undertaken to follow nature’s ways as nearly
as possible, and give back to the barren streams, that which nature
‘designed should be found there. We have endeavored to impress
upon the people interested the fact that protection now means
future plenty, and, at the same time, give to them, when needed,
the necessary start in the direction of plenty.

It has been, necessarily, a work of slow, but, we are glad to
be able to say, of steady growth. And, reviewing the situation
as it now is, and comparing it with what it was at introduc-
- tion of our work, we can not but feel encouraged. The im-
portance of this matter of propagation and protection of fish,
and its relation to the food question of the day, is thought
of but by the few. If the facts regarding their increase, and its
probabilities, could be generally understood by the many, it would
be considered not only a work of merit, but one of absolute neces-
sity. It is not working only to supply the needs of to-day, but
anticipating those of the future. For it needs not a far-seeing
eye to see a day when the ever increasing tide of emigration shall
have filled up the great west, and in its-ebb, flow back again
toward the east. And even now, the present prophesies of a
- future when our new world shall be peopled as is the old one,
and the ever-present, ever-recurring question will be to procure
cheap, yet wholesome food for the people. Then the water’ will
be expected to produce its share, as does the land, and instead of
wholesale depletion, and reckless waste, every means will be used
to re-populate our streams, and jealous care exercised to protect
them. For there can be no doubt, in view of facts, that the
water is capable of producing equally as valuable results as does the

land. It has been so in the past, before the natural enemies of —

the fish were distanced by the cunning devices of man to enrich
himself, at the expense of the public, and for the sake of a few
dollars more to-day, destroy all chances of future benefit, not only
to others, but himself as well. We believe that with the increased
interest, and better protection, it will be so again.

To accomplish this, we would suggest that cognizance of the
following needs be taken: First, laws that can be definitely un-
derstood and readily enforced, looking toward the benefit of the peo-
ple, as a whole, although they should work hardship to a few.
Next, to give fish an absolutely free passage up all our streams

WHITE BASS.
Roccus chrysops.

ee ee rere A el EPPO OW el Qrrs mee Die Al aT
he tile Me SR aida Sr ak
ate th Pe eae ; f i
ne ay f
‘Ning .

31

as nature intended they should have, and making the provision for
such free passage, of so practicable and durable a nature that it
can be permanently maintained.

A sufficient appropriation made, to meet the wants, not only of
the work of taking and distributing the native fish, but, as well,
for their protection when put into the streams, and for carrying
out the suggestions made in the body of this report. The work
of this season has demonstrated the necessity of having a car for
use in the transportation of fish through the State. By this
means, and with the appliances which we are thus able to use,
the expense of transporting the fish for distribution, is materially
lessened, while a much greater number can be carried than by
the old plan. The work of aerating can be accomplished almost
wholly by mechanical means, thus reducing the number of attend-
ants to only such as are requisite in loading and unloading the
fish. A number of railway managements have tendered us free
transportation for a car for 1889, as in 1888. We believe this to.
be the most practical, effective and economical method of distri- °
bution which has yet been attempted, and hope that te question
of a car for the work, will receive consideration.

In concluding our report, we desire to say, as modestly as may
be, that we feel that our work has been a successful one, not.
only in the practical benefits to the people, in giving to depleted -
streams a new supply, but also in the largely increased interest
in the protection aud propagation of fish, which has been every-
where awakened, and for which, we believe, the work of the Com-
mission has been, at least partially responsible. The benefits
arising from such ‘work, are being better understood and appre-
ciated each year, and the results of past endeavors both of the —
United States and the various State Commissions have been
sufficiently satisfactory to encourage the most sanguine hopes for
the success of future efforts.

Respectfully submitted,

N. K. FAIRBANK.
S. P. Barrett.
Gro. BREUNING.

‘pdnwayUy IWOLOPL

‘SSvVd MOTTIHA HHL

Beer iN Dex,

30

Recapitulation of Kapenditures by Ilhnois State Fish Commis-
sion from October 1, 1886, to September 30, 1888.

BILLS OF PARTICULARS AND SUB-VOUCHERS ON FILE WITH AUDITOR.

To amount to credit of Commission October 1, 1886 . sieteleel ierloleieerasteeial| iene aston Oe

To appropriation for 1887. -sole = Ss Setog ce. Cocn cacoon ammebr 7,500 00
10, 363 05
ae $10,
By general expenditures for taking, propagating and Ligue es es native fish
and carp, etc., for October, 1886.. r $536 35
By personal expense of Commission for October, 1 1886. coc chee aeceane 59 50
general expenditures for November, 1 “ sai soiee Seas cweas ised a 328 85
£§ personal ex enditures for November, 1886. . A slo AN Ne ates aa eel ne minislels 49 75
** claim B. F. Herrington, fishway suit. . SE AE CE deter ee ORecrne ne 155 00
** general expenditures for December, 1886 . Jobou satis cbiaade ce anos ee 399 41
** personal expenditures for December, 1886... Samad’ Sade Cana IE aEOeee 41 35
** general expenditures for January, 1887... poe state telcos, cebsio ate | 226 65
<<. norsonal oxpengitures for January, 1887. . =. cc. cscs cess ve ccccec ec ence en 27 45
** general expenditures for February, 1887. ..........4.....ceeccecees ees 125 20
.t personal expenditures for February, 1887. oops eaccadacadenesabee 8 25
‘* general expenditures for March, ISS) sees seee ee eetieetee teeter ence 445 95
ae personal expenditures for March, 1887. Caen Save 35 cy eSEb cacmaenonaee 44 7
** general expenditures for April,. 1887, notecdcccoonsgannooda: eee 867 69
“* personal expenditures for April, Ue gees ne as0c cece Ada dock daoceeee case 27 80
‘* general expenditures for May, 1837 ................. f iehes ects a 631 00
‘* personal expenditures for May, 1887. Lien as tsisteave'seles ates 9 %5
** general expenditures for June, 1887. 514 47
** personal expenditures for June, 1887 . 48 90
BS general expenditures for ULV SLSR Corea tien ota nok oulocteetee ot conc octeuts 695 20
ee August, 1887. eae oe cee otic ste oeatee 338 65
me ce oe September, 1887. . oh tone Sleaye hala Kissmsre'sieiee 597 02
6,178 94) $6,178 94
By amount to credit of Commission October 1, 1887......................2.5. $4, 184 11
To appropriation for 1887... Bawa Re Seile cotlods -Miedaee csecoumaee 7,500 00
6 00

“* proceeds sale of boat.. SOCCD IUCR O COO DRCO nC EBC
‘* earnings steamer Eagle to October, of Si srk hs gh oe i aed aS 195 00

. $11,885 11
Cr.
By genera: expenditures for October, 1887. SSAC ARO ROAEO PACA COREE ICOSCE 451 67
November, 1887 - Jind BOCE OADBRSCE OARS Cscoeoer ec 462 08
os ote ISCEMINST OLSON» ates oan owine Se oieuieean 290 83
uC os RUMI ADY A LOCO, Wut cic ae stxratetamracl ene ok Cae s eee k's 319 91
es ue HEN EH ALY Got cry tee cha aice egtieelon 2 sack ea 454 44
whe cs WESEEC ID ORE GE fois tlotoe colstonice onidetacdieclam ante. 393 51
es a April, 1888.. AE PR eat ee oecaa cee 434 93
FS sf LES a toca) dS ee Re ee oe ear 368 87
ut me June, 1888.. et hroet asin the oe amare etceee 480 39
so ot July, 1888 . Sapa deooeee eMC eB econeeercecee. 697 85
By purchase steamer Eagle .. Mae ar meee me eee cer ore 300 00
By general expenditures for August. “1888 | | Ato eCk an aan c ee eRe 1,064 98
September, POR Sal 2 Pe anes vs gee 926 50
6,64. 96) $6,645 96

Amount to credit of Commission October 1, 1888 ...... 22.2.2... 00 ee eee ays $5,239: 15,

36

Appropriation for Personal and Traveling Expenses of the Com-
mission, or such persons as may be authorized by them in
enforciny the Laws relative to Fishways over Dams and for

the protection of fish.

BILLS OF PARTICULARS AND SUB-VOUCHERS ON FILE WITH THE AUDITOR.

‘To appropriation available July 1, 1887 .......

Cr.

By expenditures for July, LES Circe dina aati e eatsieee

August, 1887. .

Oe ee ee ee
Za

30 September, 1887...

td October, 1887 . “cussion
Be November, FS / RRO oe PB AAT CRM LER EN OS) S, Sersthe
2e December, 1887.. |
a January, 1888.. dae
oe February, 1888...

av March, 1888.. afeletsnclejotayele wiete cay pms tae siavae Se tomas pee
ae iprits ASBSice, ods. b ein a3 Ao ee Onn
ue May, ESS e% ako 2 lone see scores ne sears op treee pone aee
Ui OUTLET RLOB Se forte ceatee sare are setae tatee it ane im ar

To amount to credit Commission July1, 1888..............2.ccec cece cs ececee

** appropriation for 1888

Cr.

By expenditure for July, 1888..
August 1888. .
By paid Geo. E. Cole, Fox River | Fishways..
W. . Rogers,
By expenditures for September, 1888. .

+* fees collected People vs. Marvin Fishway.............. 2.0. +-scse+-----|

|

a

Mocradit Commission: OClOber ay bosoms teri ccc<s ocieeecie coe cele eee ee

~~ $3,059 17

$2, 000 a

$048 63). $948 63
|

$1,051 37)
2,000 00)
7 80

)
H

'
;
|
|

$289 16)
2,770 o1

“
_
~

—_

SPRSCRRBSSS
@| BEBEARRERASS

i.

$289 16

Appropriation to build an office and storage boat for use of the
Commission.

OMAP DNOPLIAVION trea oneae. hs Hee ene eve ote I ee ee ee a

Cr.

Hest eOOK, CONTLACE Loney MUS! 7 te cake Ge ee emeee ocee on Meenas eRe Ee eee
E. R. Rook, Sy COCKIN Ge. Pacis cine Oe ee Cael aioe RO eee Ree hae
E.J.Durfee, ‘ cabin. Sg iv a0 Pees biee shee euler eR es TaN
bi ane colnie oni TOO. eres eee en reece etee ee eeee eee]

LM glazing, bookcase, ete. os
John Gilbride, work on roof. . 3 veel
F.N. Williams, ee : vel
- doe Stukenberg, ‘‘ , 5
F. A. Stewart. Uv vigrarelete.« fanars meer aXe we Stats oftte Withee aie ere votere there ie ferme tetas ware
F. M. Foster, COMPO AL sar ade Ae ere Vl es UST Re ER ORE ECL SEE Ee
P. Pinkston, WS PAECK OTR SSN es nock mee oka perce pee ee as
Jobn Gillbride 41) WEOOLE Cs auese eee Nes ach ce eee ee nae mimes eC Ss
John Harrison, vu oe HERE sa Ace a eee toe : a
John Gillbride, ‘* hulls and spuds............. é sl

EV DAG AUN POUCEUMOCLODEL! li meru saicmacieateicien ce ne te eenitee eemeeane wee eeee eens!

$1,000 O

356 00

&

JRSSASHSABS

z
&
x
S
&

37

DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVE FISH.

We give herewith a list of streams restocked in season of 1887.

On account of the dry season and consequent low water, our
work was commenced quite early, while fish were yet very small,
which will account for the greater number distributed. Estimate
of the number being made, through the season, on a basis of 20,-
000 to the bushel, and plant averaging about 5,000 fish to each point
of distribution. In some instances the plant would exceed this num-
ber, as many were deposited in nearest deep water. Only about
one-third of the fish saved were transported to inland streams.

DISTRIBUTION OF NATIVE FISH, 1887.

NAME OF STREAM. RatLRoAD CRossING STREAM. CounNTY.
Desplaines River .....................|C., B. and Q. R. R Cook. .
rast DuPage River. : at DuPage sae ons
est ee ae ee ee ‘
Indian Creek.. WG OS Poocilsats ovis leet Oe ele JER tee ar be
RO RIVer.. 2. - Co ae Kanes os. 663. cee see
Somanauk Creek. OC UC DeKalb
Little Indian Cree we Ss “S :
os cs ce cis ce LaSalle
Henderson River. é ce et eat eR Sata Ac race ae
Fox River. AG cand Ne Wicd bis: Euceiceccset satents asictetente EAN cron t Chy nies
ee : 4 noi Contra ies Tosser coe es “oe en ee
.|C. an ROWY eabUan Ec neote attciccante coteiacs cHenry
Greene Rive .|C., B. and Q. R. R. ne LG One eiie, =o cable cie
Rock River. 2 OF oe 2 yaeeetet eo] WUDLLGRIGG.. dn ane ceeos
a ; oe ee ne ve ndien Saat Opler a eras
£ 5 .|C. an WER tia a tatatatave ate reefeines lac hoo satar corsa ce
Rock Creek .. s LEG RU Dean anacoueabasee: Wintteside: 5.4.2. cts
Greene River.. : Ke a B. paid =e ae Bureau co fae eRe ee
§ Saas .|C., R. I. an eRe Ewuls ciney ccvacectaaisicrantets ee, Bee et oe
Rock Creek... Ge Beandl Qo UH cose, cs ee eee Whiteside ..-.... Pe
‘oal C ens C .e ne Ween) it eveeton iar
Sogou payee, ae 2d at Stark... HOOT e sno soaeec
Sugar es gs a3 ae Sehuyler. eens eatee
tt ek... se cs aA Be ce ee eine
Reaou River, 12 “ rae
ia i a ERIE “|p, P and W.R.R Fulton ....... Sea
Feaapeo River. . .|C., B. and Q. R. R IPGOTI Are ctee rin ee Mao
; \ - ‘ ia
Eien Oreck. Seer Serta oe
Edwards River ......... ... ae at So PLONE Ys ae ok eee ee erar
eS ence ss ey oe | MLOLCOR rt ccnsscvint~ eioteioe
Eeniderson River... - BH EBgncbos ce ocx - Eenderson rideeien See
Sny Ecarte....... St OG SRG) a crc eros bale eree
Hock nak Se - ae oa ie tack Ralandioi cayenne
ope Creek......... ee Sen ate eel NOR octal bewedina eee 3
HOHE BIS RLVGre es, cae ene we daees as ce)| Lacy Mua NG) SL wlio tex Reece selesiwens es cneetsc] WASDIDELONE. oo.
NORE Alingtieor crete ote etter | LOTADOING KUGehe cecnee acmas cmt cence ce shes| COMNIAMD, 2 Sai. ce ce cere

38

Distribution of Native Fish—Contimued.

NAME OF STREAM. RAILROAD CROSSING STREAM.

Kaskaskia River............
Big Mudd Riveriosat Sih soueees suck

Jackeon.. |» whe: 5...
Little Muddy River...... i

sé

Alot B. and Q. R. RK:

es

- | ROR, © cap aceenren os

N. Henderson creel:
Sugar Creek. . °
Illinois River..
Indian Creek..
Mauvaisterre Creek. .
rd River
acoupin River. . OAC ORO COC ric
Wood River . Ee aataw os enlseuiees
Kankankee River. a\1 Ob,
.|Ilinois

se

and

Mackinaw River..
Salt Creek. .
Kickapoo Creek..
Sangamon River .
Macoupin Creek..
Wood River
Long Lake
Sangamon River
Illinois River..
Vermilion River. . aop0t
Kankakee River. . Sarre oyelepie
Little Wabash River.. “oops cemebe
Big Muady River.. peleyeleisiclsisieate
Little Muddy River.. noidona UCos be
Crooked Creek . Aclomlareeitavemiotitevrs
Kaskaskia River: <2. Na Seysinsicteliee: cecatee

“ec
ee
ce
ee

oe
ee
ee
os
te
oe
ee
6e
be
“sé
ee
sec
oe
6

Pangamior LUM elo pon opononooppoede coee
Salt Creek.. Le letelend ©

Mackinaw River..
Sandy Creek..
Mlinois,River:o-es: oomeiein cee. os
RO CKIRIVEL 2 cose eee ee penee
heaMRiver cy. cee ocemeter nodose soocae
ROCK IRIVOr eet ican oeeieneare
FA DPIOGRIVGES ch eciocisiee se tetemin neice cine:
Galena ra praca Onaga
Monominee River.. LES aainaiestetek
Sangamon Riverhey-en. cmccteciecerter eee
Vermilion River
Okaw River.. a slnacsidislalee tdisievapt ereiee
Kankakee River _ . indevece siertotewteelels
Vermilion River=cnnecdsceeteseeceenes
Sangamon River

s ee

“cs
oe
te
“ec

6s

Wabash River.
Embarras River..
Little Wabash River..
Kaskaskia River. . akinuntornieleeualontalete
Dlinois River....... bis Suc basto ca bye ee eee
rok avegeneckoyal TRIKE aoa on aobd onde oo boo7
MROCKSRIVEL haste erate oe cece
Kankakee River.
Iroquois River. . a olvolbieletes titres
Little Vermilion River.

be

TAG and A

ee
“se
se
ee
oe

ee

ce
ee

ee
es

ee
ee
ee
ee
ee
ee
te
ee
ee
ee
be

oe
ee
ee

-|Pike
-|Livi

Kan

.|Mas

oa Stephenson .

ngston. ....-----.
ee ee
ATbs ti au rascteme es 3 6

do Daviess .
ee

..|Livi
~. |Macon). &2 ces sees
.-. Sangamon
. .. (Christian. 22. a.eeaees
.|Law

tse
ee ed Be ee
Coes oo Lileet Contralek.Re 220 Shee ee <
ies whe een ee “ewe
BOTT) METI e Oe eee Reet Te
.. |Clinton
- «- (C&SB. .cccue cae oewee
.../Sangamon .
.-.| Winnebago ..
‘ho
...|lroquois..
‘|Vermilion..

ee

.|Sangamon...........-

ngston. eee oaks

+e

; Clay 235. 6 Beaeeaenee

kakee

Kishwaukee River. . C.andN é R. ... | Dekalb coeckens
OTKSELOTHERINGT mek clicmecee cemeteries ee ¥ sen ... | Whiteside
Bp er ins IRLVOTi e's 8 cicienctee mis woe ee < sf . | LaSalle. cs sceewcwre ee

Kyte River.. bh Bisia kate cloveistoieretaimersiehs iets
Pecatonica River.. aisheis teeter eee
(Mississippi River... Afeialele cisporete oleteleetemeiee

in Ogle: ..cce
sine Stephenson ..
.|Ada

ms.

* ee aR ROOM eS, Seas ve td .| Hancock, <stecerecmss
SNS VE LUCAT UGE. «chs eiclelite kia Rictoeieisiene emer tet | Mae oS Adams :
POGINCY BAY ircicsias tele wreapersteciee ter veetee cell tne ne £6 ae Base ES

*Fish not used for distribution, aggregating about two-thirds of whole number taken.

THE CRAPPIE.

Pomoxis annularis.

a9

DISTRIBUTION OF 1888.

The distribution of native fish for 1888 amounted to 26 car
loads, which were planted in streams crossed by the following
railroads:

Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, main line and branches.
Wabash Railway.

Illinois Central Railroad.

Chicago & Northwestern Railroad.
Indianapolis & St. Louis Railroad.

St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad.
Ohio & Mississippi Railroad.

Peoria, Pekin & Jacksonville Railroad.
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad.
Indianapolis, Bloomington & Western Railroad.
Indianapolis, Decatur & Springfield Railroad.
Louisville & Nashville Railroad.

Mobile & Ohio Railroad.

This plant included—

Perkin’s Lake, near Athens.
Murdock Lake.

Fox Lake.

Park Lake, at Danville.

Railroad Reservoir at Lanesville.

ce 1 Berlin.
. Sadorus.
Long Lake, Madison county.

Reno Lake.

Lake George, Knox county.
Crystal Lake, near Gladstone.
Railroad Lake, Galesburg.
Park Lakes, Chicago.

40

MississippPt River AND ITs TRIBUTARIES WHOLLY OR PARTLY WITHIN
THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.

Ohio River. Illinois River. Rock River.
Big Muddy River. Fox River. Plum River.
Kaskaskia River. Henderson River. Apple River.
Marys iver. Hdwards River. Sny Ecarte River.

CREEKS TRIBUTARY TO MISSISSIPPI RIvER:

Clear Creek.
Fountain Creek. y
Cahokia Creek.
Piasa Creek.
Kiset Creek.

Mill Creek.

Rock Creek.

Bear Creek.
Honey Creek.
Dugout Creek.
Cedar Creek.
Ursa Creek.

Pope Creek.
Eliza Creek.
Copper Creek.
Johnson Creek.
Big Rush Creek.
Small Pox Creek.

TRIBUTARIES TO OHIO RIVER:

Saline River.
North Fork of Saline River.
South Fork of Saline River.
Embarras River.

TRIBUTARY TO Bia Muppy RIvER:

Kingkaid Creek.

Beaucoup Creek.
Pipe Stone Creek. :

Galum Creek.

Little Beaucoup Creek.
Swanwick Creek.
Locust Creek.
Painter Creek.

Big Crab Orchard Creek.

: Crab Orchard Creek.

Little Muddy River.
Carson Creek.

Middle Fork of Big Muddy River.
Ewings Creek.

Gum Creek.

Casey Fork.
Atchinson’s Fork..
Ray’s Creek,

TRIBUTARIES TO KASKASIA RIVER

Nine Mile Creek.
Plumb Creek.
Silver Creek.
East Fork.
Big Muddy Creek.
Elk Horn Creek.
Sugar Creek.
Shoal Creek.
Beaver Creek.
Flat Branch.
East Fork of Shoal Creek.
Dry Creek.
Middle Fork of Shoal Creek.
West Fork of Shoal Creek.
Crooked Creek.
Lost Creek.
Great Point Creek.
Prairie Creek.

‘sapiolnds simowog

‘SSVd AUYUAIMVULS YO ‘SSVA OOIIVO AHL

41

Coles Creek.

Gibbs Creek.

East Fork Kaskaskia River.
Bear Creek.
Hurricane Creek.

Hickory Creek.

Camp Creek.

Booz Creek.

Suck Creek.

Big Creek.

Beck’s Creek.

Richland Creek.

Brush Creek.

Robinson Creek,

Sand Creek.

West Fork of Kaskaskia River.
Apple Creek.
Lake Fork.

TRIBUTARIES TO ILLINOIS RIVER:

Otter Creek.
Macoupin Creek.
Taylor's Creek.
Joe’s Creek.
Solomon’s Creek.
Otter Creek.
Bear Creek.
Honey Creek.
Apple Creek.
big Grassy Lake.
Big Sandy Creek.
Little Sandy Creek.
Walnnt Slough.
Bay Creek.
Mauvaisterre Creek.
McKei’s Creek.
Willow Creek.”
Indian Creek.
Prairie Creek.
Crooked Creek.
Little Missouri Creek.
Cedar Creek,
Grindstone Creek.
Carter’s Creek.
Camp Creek.
Troublesome Creek.
Panther River.
Bronson’'s Creek.
Middle Creek.
Long Creek.
North Branch of Crooked Creek.
Spring Creek.
Sangamon River.
Big Panther Creek.
Clary’s Creek.
Crane Creek.
Salt River.
Prairie Creek.
Sugar Creek.
Kickapoo Creek.
Deer Creek.
Salt Creek.
North Branch Salt Creek.
Lake Fork Salt Creek.
Rock Creek.
Spring Creek,
Lick Greek.
Sugar Creek.
Brush Creek.
South Fork.
Bear Creek.
Flat Branch.
Lake Fork.
Willow Branch.
Goose Creek.
Camp Creek.
Madden Creek.
Stevens Creek.
Otter Creek.
Spoon River.
Big Creek.
Putnam Creek.

42

‘Coal Creek.
Cedar Creek.
Swan Creek.
French Creek.
Sugar Creek.
Walnut Creek.
‘Quiver Creek.
-Bucklin Creek.
Mackinaw Creek.
Mill Creek.
Walnut Creek.
Panther Creek.
Northwestern Branch Mackinaw River
East Branch.
Six-Mile Creek.
Honey Creek. Zo
Bray’s Creek
Henline Creek.
Kickapoo Creek.
Richland Creek.
‘Crow Creek.
North Branch of Crow Creek.
South Branch of Crow Creek.
Strawn’s River.
Crow Creek.
Sandy Creek.
‘Clear Creek.
Big Bureau Creek.
West Bureau Creek.
Negro Creek.
Vermilion River.
Wolf Creek.
Otter Creek.
Scattering Point Creek.
Rook’s Creek.
South Fork Vermilion River.
North Fork Vermilion River.
‘Covel Creek.
Fox River.
Big Indian Creek.
Indian Creek.
Mission Creek.
Somonauk Creek.
Battle Creek.
Blackberry Creek.
Fox Lake.
Squaw Creek.
Nipper Sink Lake and Creek.
‘Nettle Creek.
Waupcan Creek.
Mazon River.
West Fork of Mazon River.
East Fork of Mazon River.
Gooseberry Creek.
Au Sable Creek.
Saratoga Creek.
Kankakee River.
Prairie Creek.
Forked Creek.
Rock Creek.
Iroquois River.
Sangamon River.
Prairie Creek.
Spring Creek.
Sugar Creek.
Exline Slough.
Trim Creek.
‘DuPage River.
Lilly Cache River.
West Branch of Du Page River.
Jackson’s, Creek.
Des Plaines River.
Calumet River.
Little Calumet River.
Salt Creek.
Mill Creek.

TRIBUTARIES TO Rock RIVER:

Mill Creek.

Greene River.
Mineral Creek.
Spring Creek.

Mud Creek.
Coal Creek.
Hickory Creek.
Willow Creek.
Rock Creek.

Little Creek.
Sugar Creek.
Spring Creek.
Elkhorn Creek.
Five-Mile Creek.
Three-Mile Creek.
Pine Creek.
Clear Creek.
Kite River.
Leaf River.
Kishwaukee River.
Piasa Creek.
Coon Creek.
Rush Creek.
North Branch of Kent’s Creek.
Pecatonica River.
Rock Run.
Pillow Creek.
Sugar River.
Otter Creek.

TRIBUTARY TO HENDERSON RIVER:
Cedar Creek.

TRIBUTARIES TO Epwarps RIVER:

Camp Creek.
East Branch.
West Branch.
TRIBUTARY TO APPLE RIVER:

Irish Hollow Creek.

7

LIST OF FISH COMMISSIONERS OF UNITED STA TES

AND CANADA.

THE UNrITED STATES—
Col. Marshall McDonald, Commissioner .

Capt. J. W. Collins, Assistant in charge of Fisheries Division.

Richard Rathbone, Assistant in charge of Scientific Inquiry.
George H. H. Moore, Superintendent of Distribution.

ALABAMA—
Col. D. R. Hundley .. sas Bsn cistepe hciate’s s evaterel Noe atomtetaeieeaa Slams ae eee ..-. Madison.
Hon. Chas. 8. G. Doster. Borden Z ..Prattsville.
ARIZONA—
J.J. Gosper.. - se. os Tescott.
Richard Rule.. Sis ae cones OLEAN
J. H. Taggart. ‘Business Manager .. ja ee EEE

ARKANSAS—

H. H. Rottaken, President .
W. iB. Worthen, Secretary..
J.W. Calloway. bg

“~ 746 + aele

.... Little Rock.
... Little Rock.
.. Little Rock.

(This State nee never made an ‘appropriation for Fishculture. ve a a

DomINIon oF CANADA—

Hon. John Tilton, Deputy Minister of Fisheries.. .. Ottawa.
Inspectors of Fisheries for the Dominion of Canada, ‘1888:

’. H. Rogers.. Serceictniscie cerns astdstecabiccie ctecvselneiners erecietremcere ... Amherst, N.S.
A. C. Bertram srs avela fers) vielstevh Stele cateisreioisis wie eloielels Sete artlemiel ee cise ee eee .. North Sidney, C.B.N. 8.
W. H. Venning aisle lefominietsicoeialela tole dit eros chine Mee nee eee aici te cinta cream .St. ‘John, N. B.
Walliam'Wakem anltettcurtsceaiceee ccoesties oeeoabincee Raeeteencecemcuee ‘Gas € Basin, P.
OE: eae ee ee acticin le cinovehiciteateridcieien esse a eeeee . Alberton, P. E,
Thomas Mowat. . Rcters ePsaeeune Otisinie clecicbistameieeiceie raeesetiar ia

Alex. McQueen, .
Officers in charge of “fish breeding establishments:

S. Wilmot, Superintendent of Fishculture.. Sig Ono SON . Newcastle, Ont.
Chas. Wiimot, officer in ehetest Sacto teee .-Neweastle Hatchery, Ont.
Wm. Parker.. Depron tees ce .. Sandwich, Ont.
L. N. Catellier . .. Tadoussac,
We eeeeee RE ey ROT BS COI EOCO AON OSes SOA Ceak See ee ome .. Gaspé,

A Moore.. Bibles iaieleleiec]erlecn «tise a aie leSinielslerenverte craic selec s¥er sieve - Magog,
ae Mowat. .

A. B. Wilmot. .. Bedford, N + 3

C. A. Farquharson .. Stone - Sydney, N.S.

Isaac Sheasgreen.. SOE RIO OO CABO OO OIC DO OSS SO "Miramichi, N: B.

Charles McCluskey . or Saueis sicicleneielouate arcuiaeu clot atlGer ease cine mises "St. John River, Grand Falls, N pi Fe

VOT yu Claro oo a Grimace Soe eke Cache ee CO RES SE ICON © ee OEE Dunk River, P _E.I.

Domes Mowat ssecch weet hese enka eee ere eB EGE Hatchery, New Westminster, B
CALIFORNIA—

Joseph Routier,
J.D. Harvey...
(Commissioner T. J. Sherwood. resigned March ‘15, ‘TSss. +

COLORADO

GaN, WTS REA i cc /satvatces os che ten Soe ae ence citer Ue cic ioe em oe eee

.. New w Westminster, B.C.
sian .. Winnipeg, Man.

.. Ristigouche, ®, Matapedia, P.

.. Sacramento.
..Los Angeles.

.. Washington, D.C.

.. Denver.

—

Se eee ee ee

45

CoNNECTICUT—

Robert G. Pike. .
» James A. Bill..

Dr. Wm. M. Ede NAR Mer ons cia na rata sistas pane ecris unediay A vedles/ gates

. Hartford.
:: Middietown.
. Lyme.

(The State nas no official superintendent, most of the hatching being ‘done by Henry J. Fenton,

Poquonnock.)

DELAWARE—

ETSI ORT DE RUS ara ealetce coins calak cele cee) sclewicidie's Galva onnslce sie(tevsclejsieelaicine aci-sieclauscieeesvicice

_ GEORGIA—

J. H. Henderson..
Superintendent:

PPTMMEL ROA Y, ce acies Ncrclelscieais oie © clsin t ni0)s cla\aleisie 0! 6.0/e\e\ els! e/ejalel caine sicieie es) vioiclnisiucicleisies vaisje's

ILLiNois—

N. K. Bairbank, Eresideny
S. P. Bartlett. Secretary. .
Gea: Breuning.. a5

Inpiana—

ATOM FTTaT Le aeicaia sie on coels!c oie'e'e clo'sl sisicietisiw clevuislelalwejeisielelaie(t wlele|sisisls\scjem neiseieele ela

-Iowa—

E. D. Carlton..
Superintendent, “Ole Bjorenson.

Kansas—

“SUES2) 5a Lap So GRS DRO eee BEBE be DOCS BOOCTISNAS DaHb CAI ODE CLeODOCOOc

KeEntTucKY—

Wm. Griffith, Bresident.. RP Ue feel etetave:2 seven
P. H. Darby . 5 RE ARADICAe Rt on sont enone
John B. Walker.
Hon. C: J. Walton .
Hon. John A. Steele...
W.C. Price .

A. H. Goble.
SiR Mallory .

| MaineE—

E. M. Stilwell. .
Henry O. Stanley. .

MAryLanp—

MAssacHusETTs—

Micuigan—
John H. Bissell...

= (Term expires January {. 1889. 0
Herschel Whitaker. .

a (Term epee January i ,1891. )
Joel C. t’ar

= (Term expires qaiiaee a 1893.)
Walter D. Marks, Superintendent ..

George D. Mussey, Secretary

MinneEsoTa—

‘ William Bird..

Niles Carpeuter .. a

eee Ormsby Sw eeny, , President.
S. S. Watkins, Superintendent.

.

Hon. J. M. Chambers Bee ee

B. W. Counce, Sea ‘and Shore Fisheries ...... Apap RMR CIPI CIN. cach ne,
Dr. B. W. Humphries .... 22-22... eee ce cece ce eee ce eee ee cee e te cee e en eee cece tees ce cree

8 SCR ee art ree smn

Ree H A BIaCkOtt.. 22... 2.2 oe <2 nee wor ees cons oe cone ae eine ene os eee sclecacitensesics
y TO" VN TELUS. 73 yo De etans Btn gpbnse Boe oans On GOOG 08. COS DOCG DECC ODOC COO SOGOmnnn
SELES PIA LEROP coon Josie fis « Seiccicnya Sas cmelein vnyciweninn:cinise snieisiele *eieesieeina cine vasa eaieieeinnc

cer, M. yee see cron siteeropreiejos etsta ale’

: et scr

Odessa.

.. Atlanta.

.La Grange.

.. Chicago.

Ree oae eee se Qaincy.

.. Centralia.
.. Richmond.

.. Spirit Lake.

sacle cevs seeseseW aILeZO

.. Louisville.

odes). Princeton:
....... Madisonville.
asa eee

: .. Midway.
“Danville.

"Inde endence.

. Catlettsburg.

.. Bowling Green,

..Bangor.
"Dixfield.
.. Thomaston.

Salisbury.
..Oakland.

.. Winchester.
..Cambrid
Springfield.

.. Detroit.

.. Detroit.
Grand Rapids.
.. Paris.

. .. Detroit.
Detroit.

..Fairmount.

cesetesseecees .. Rushford.

.. St. Paul.
Willow Brook, St. Paul.

Missouri—

H. M. parE e CHBIDU GI, be: seqete lh >a # Joke ater ae tee cag
.. Jefferson City.

J.L. Smith .

HG Westyti vores ou bees PUES a ROR EN privet 2 o ees
ci 3 ne Joseph.

‘Ay P. Campbell; SOCrovary:.. os. - «<nrvc cen ces ool
Superintendents:

Philip Kopplin, Jr..

Elias Vottrill ....

NEBRASKA—

Wile rin Mave ers scstevac lesion piv ocldetactas deceive ed nate stee Geimed acl cinae sa so as a een

R. R. Livingston.

By BYES IOUT Y, So soca sao ote tn oa NSN a a nee

Superintendent:

IVE He OPIS TION se a,c aye: w nielevie baw cye 8 aistovae oMeatein er tthe wre tely ASC asaya a tala rao) arevea Teron < atat shatter

NEvapAa—

New HampsHire—
Geo wwreerhiddl eine ss asc sce seeoum eee cioeete

Elliott B. Hodge.. acd huedbes Ee Ropicd doh aeuusak oideas boca ee, Soe

John H. Kimball.. oo
Superintendent of Plymouth # ‘and. i Sunapee H Hatcheries—
om. E. B. Hodge... Ac ISO

New Jersey—

William Wright
Frank M. Ward
J. R. Elkinton..

New Yorr—

E.G. Blackford, President .
Gen. R. U. Sherman. .

Win) Lieb Owanan's eee ee as de caste
AS JOlING Th His ence Shict eves oe be Solsielan see's welesislels wiemiee eajde wrotoe ne Sieh ee
Henry ‘Burdenls (Aske oversiasise wie. 6 sire see wow seeo-s sis) Seep ae enc v0 oem ote Demise eee

.... New York City.-

..Cold Spring Harbor.
Boe ee 5: ‘aledonia_
.. Bloomingdale.

Secretary:
E. P. Doyle, Room 311, Potter Building ................
Superintendents:
Hire duMig ther 27. c0a-ycicte isles oi sal-tel ie eieie a ayes ai saw sj orareicicle. ste
MonoevAs Green cess ese cer sce 5
Jamesibla; Mankaree pecimmeccees

Shellfish Commission:
E. G. Blackford, Commissioner; Wm. G. Ford,;Engineer:;
Fulton Market, New York.

NortH CaroLina—

Wm. J. Griffin, Chairman.. foiein a ope atareie care tala (0\cres fet eye ame Sian Sicin’oRae leis Senne
J.B. Watson . ejciertiattierniate cle isis intete: «(6] eisicioiachs sive wcities pelos wee bslee.ve emeu eae

Wm. T. Caho . Ribicteei ciciaterectctnieelettecistici ts miccitotes Rives

Oxntlo—

C. V. Osborn, President. . BRIE eprielete cut = Risians fe WORN RING cine een ae Meanie ee

A.C. Williams, Secretary. ralete
de CarELOLer ene 580300
John H. Law ....

Hon. Emory D. Potter...

Superintendent:

enry Douglass . Siviayessistevaiseenlele in em os cle piel elolieus est ate eben dale er Cater ec < aroe Ee ke

Chief Warden:
PR KS BUNLAIN.:(o.wis eset auleree Memareieee ee oes ae eis Oni me eres

OREGON—

F. C. Reed, cheep oe enero tina stetsle
E. P. Thompson. Sone
R. C. Campbell..

(Terms expire in February, ‘1889. id

PENNSYLYANIA—
Henry C. Ford, President, 524 Walnut street...

James VY. Long, Corresponding Secretary, 75 WIPUAVERIGS cols ccc &. -c. eee

H. Cc. Demuth, Secretary of Board
S. B. Stilwell. Aes
ACIGDIGERON << ¢cccocd onc Sct tons

Ww. L. Powell, Treasurer...........

Superintendents—

PORTRP METS VELIN GN arcs aire « see eieon sue wisieic Cle cee re Hae CTC ae Re ION cs ee eee ee
WWallkamy Buller c v.c.Ctscak sce Gace wens meee Lot ei Se aol CEG Ue ON NCR ye» yPcla ane an

“ania

--,-.St. Joseph.

.».--5t. Louis.

-«.-.5t. Lonis.
.. St. Joseph.

. Fremont.
“ Plattsmonth.

ie oorc cece se Omaha.

South Bend.

Carson City.

.. Manchester.
..Plymouth.
..Marlborongh,

.-. Plymouth.

.. Newark.
. Newton.
- Pennsgrov e.

>... New York.

.... New Hartford.

..-- Rochester.
.. Tottenville.
Troy.

.. Fulton Chain.
..Mill Creek.

J. W. Merserau, Oyster;Protector, 80

Elizabeth City.
..Englehard.
ayboro.

. Dayton.
«- Chagrin Falls.
. Bellaire.
.. Cincinnati.
.. Toledo.

Sandusky.

..Dayton.

..Clackamas.
..Porudand.
.. Ranier.

aie
.. Pittsburg.
.. Lancaster.

.. Harrisburg.

Allentown.
Corry.

RwovE IsLanp—

John H. Barden Pregidand «
Tees Root, Treasurer. .
Morton, Secretary.

Sourn CaroLina—

EME M OM EM EST ULG IS e aeraten tet e Neiaire.ctrrdisra ereue nieioila’eetaccialeinle'aip Mes iey atepiavesunrtts tun)s (storaled Viele vie civicig acs

TENNESSEE—

W. W. McDowell..
H. H. Sneed..

Edward D. Hicks. ae ee ec ne Ba Wate

UTan—

ek MUPUIOTR MUTE ERY Os 5 Ss Oa gE OUete SOG BIA OEB IOC OBBINS GCC Icio? SCACIORHICEOn DOA Demeee

VERMONT —
ETO RD ON MES CAT ALOU tise cleo cre e's, c1sjeieceieas civje-eiast

EU ERE RT MME OLS AEN ema soe deg ceva sae de sudniaag nade esa eae ds

Virneinia—
IDG Me Vall lo i ee ce

WEST Mae oe
C. S. White, President.
ey. Baxter, Treasurer. .
James H. Miller, Secretary. .

WIisconsin—
The Governor, ex-officio.
Eile Dunning, President.

C. L. Valentine, Secretary ANd ¢Uireasarercy 2 echo Saeko cS eenanes

Mark Douglas.

cw TELS TICIDUTE Sy Sate le NO eC AER ERE 3769 a RE
725 SAPS PETTERS Tg fay aereteistsie
E LUT GY. coSocitie A AnOU Re cI GE OBE DERAII eS OUTC TSE BES anes aetna

Superintendent:
PRITIGH ONG VIN) foc os se sce des cle

Wrommnc TERRITORY—

HARE SPNTD ODES ar. cnc seven-a sis ela tale weiss tine omeleok

47

.. Rockland,
.. Providence.
.. Johnston.

Columbia,

.Memphis.
.. Chattanoo a:
./ Nashvill

Salt Lake City.

.. St. Albans,
Waterbury.

.. Bridgetown.

.. Romney.
.. Sutton,
.. Hinton.

.. Madison.
Janesville.

.. Melrose.
Milwaukee.

..Mineral Point.
.. Sturgeon Bay.

.. Madison,

.. Laramie..

Carp Distributed by U. 8. Fish’ Commission,
State Fish Commission, for Illinois Applicants, 1886-87.

Name.

Post Office.

Through Illinois

Express Office.

County.

L. Horning. Malvern .-- |Malvern..............]Whiteside............

John A. Hoblet............. Atlanta a Atlanta) 35 5 eee Logan.. :

E.H. Sammons. . Peotone Peotone -| Wilh. Sc eee

MMOS UL OUGY ove cc.c vo Spee Mariontesaecuteeoee Marion . .|Williamson

Halleck Johngon............|Villa Ridge.......... Villa Ridge. Se oheeel Pulaski..

Jedebtbh ola) Wn Grane eaeaena ecg Dixon . -- |Dixon.. see Save oa UOC ea ae

‘Charles S. Scandrett........ Rock Bridge. . a Rockbridge. Veaaeee: |Greene

Marion Dhearear......2.....)bPittsheld .2..0..)05.. Pittsfield . etree |PIKG Soyo c eens

Ge lele WOES? Gens soGeneda buc0 WiaHarpesi.cccmescas LaHarpe...:... »» | Hancocki.scse sone

Wm. R. pouekamp stevens Nokomis Nokomis -| Montgomery.........

John M. Barr..... Carmi : Carmi White . reer cry.

Wine WW UL ATES Socata teetercemice PCAN oveinlercterene) fe cai) A Cara ae Nn e Sic ete McDonough... ides aie

Rudolph Haacke............ Chester........ | Cltestersert cae pte Shes

MPS AKO. = 6s cesar eieees Princeton............|Princeton............ Bureaa . eer ene

Allen R. Turner . felsierers| | EUCLBE VAT @e ae noe -|Rushville............ Schnyler. . PC =

J.M. Lonberger. . reletareetonterine Dallas City Dallas City. science Hancock:.5.. .s9e

M. B. Williams . | ELOLDOTM reste ce. cn een. Herborn:|:..2-2050.5| Shelby. a

Emilis Adams .......... sey.. ... |Alsey « ls ee a:eje:0|| SCOLGsL oes anon eee

M. M. Martin . : Caledonia ona Guleionine cantiedaatcuee Boone:. |... ¢eeeeee

Thomas Summerville. Bunker Hill......... Bunder Hill . | Macoupin cee see

William McDowell,. a Shoe Gs oP Vy eaanes Ao Ae

Charles Sholtz ... On SOT NS SDE tc Eve OO Dee Lhe

G. Summerville He sie ae caaccate be SEL eeerel| ft eee

Tig okay Md) ee e Dallas) Citye.c. soe: Dallas) City. 2) 2c) .. Hancock.............

MELD IBUnnOn.seeee ecee een cee AID Ine On Mseeeemeer Aibinedone..osscnece Knox..

$. W. Baker.. eo. +...--| Danvers. ..see.+.|Danvers . seveseess.{MeLean..

George Simpkins. . ... |Jacksonville......... Jacksonville......... Morgan. ee

A. L. Meyers.. Gac.00 |) MRE EOI Gacroo Sods ae res port.-seecs seed: ere

105 TRO ene eee ite terling. aalatertoistels Mt. Sterling. alnieiteidiee'| LOWE

Mrs. F. Rioth.. Bares os Sqancdaae e

Wm. F. Rioth......_. ee a © nenaeeee oe 2

M. McEntee......... re <

\iitals Cholla (Che od ogoace sone vt es

Ih. C. Meadows.............. Abingdon... Abingdon Seats

Mary J. Meadows.... : s Oy os ee

Toh WO One equa a aesacee Rosemound.. Rosemound.......... aa

W. R. Webb, Da 3 Tunnel Hill. . .|Tunnell Hill. ........ |Jobnson.... eee

ee oor Bava ooo ts ae un Irving Irving . .-....-.|Montgomery.........
D. Voris.. Neoga ; Neoga.. .|Cumberland. ..

Davia Sutton.. be ‘ | >:

Andrew Sutton.. dy ASS ay geo eee tC. Ree

PAllivan Mi AViOTIB ewer ce en cnn. se ae MM Fo:

Henry C. Voris. ay ie ‘t "5 Roweeee

Lewis M. Voris. . os oie a

E. H. Comstock, Sr.. RR Bona Udoo do susd|| ees os) To

E. H. Comstock, Oi eae eee Neoga. ae eee eee Neoga. -.|Cumberland.........

35 124 Allenthorp. sumele : Greenup... ks Greenup... 356 -; acemuee

Robert Brice. . Butler.. ...|Butler.. ...|Montgomery.........

R. F. Griffing.. ve seeeeees. {Griswold . prac GHURUOIG Ron ct se seo ivingston ..........

Samuel Bee 00022200 ffananb bow Wanarice eeeees cae 1G) arroll . oe meenee

Ernst Humke.. LGUeicswe ee aeeeren Lena.................|Stephenson .....<.... 5

Wm. Humke.. Beer ee still ieee Oe | (pheno

Charles Humke....... 71.7’ sa S| beth : te Bt i

(Mian tinWiallkel sis 2 cccacknl, Neoga.. civics Neoga... sseeees ss. [Cumberland ee

T.J. Dodge 2 Hamilton... .......|Hamilton.. ee | ELANCOCK.. 3. see

OrMWir BOOMS Soy ask cox eke - ardol phieesseaeeeee Bardolph.. .|MeDonongh. Bee:

Mrs. J. W. Booth.. : ie det crsqeeore oe Reewscew ee || 88) ee

B. Kasenberg. | NAOM A Cox oe Gu wee cel VO] eee

D. L. Maxwell .
H. Cragg...

Notes) | LBL VOnrT eee enna
Chicdeoy oe siice

Malvern............

-|Chicago

os PMfbreer... <a etoeem
; Ww hiteside

Cook .

SSSSSSS SESS Ps SSSEU REELS URMS RULE EU LMM NEM NUUNU LDN NM WN

THE LEATHER CARP.
Cyprinus Carpis. (var, Coriaceus.)

4)

Carp Distribution—Continued.

Name. | Post Office. Express Office. County. No.
J. WisenDurger....seseeeeee|biberty Pep eID SLbY. a cteni<iccete | AGRI 2
OuCar Murst.............-... | Peoria. MBG ONTA sc aecire « ciecles ter Peoria. PCE 20
ial ONC) eee Ashley... Matdjsntslectcspereclss IAB Gyeceerer errmome ie Washington. ns breeste Winipe 20
John W. Lambird........... LAAT AG S56 Be Ger onbe Newtonke. tactic cele Jasper.. : 20
PPR IIUMNOIATK. shoe ccc ceee ins aie Taiee steele’ a BSR os ahorios 20
Schuyler Thompson IDANNOMB:.). 5 cmiceveisisa'e Danvers .............|McLean..
MUN Ws VWEIBOD. . 0 ccc siceee Marissa... Marissa _|St. Clair. .
MeV se PHOrUtON... 22... 0 | MAGNOLIA ..5. 5. ene Lostant .. | LaSalle
PAGS INLOVOLS. cis alco spicece cess Millbrook ...........|Millbrook ...|Kendall..
Pete Swisher................|Amboy Amboy .|Lee.. Pe roan ss
Thomas Harris .............|Neoga INGOPH: schten corstetertesls Cumberland N arsfersioc
AMON OU osc icccciciecs varsell os. Core Bie emcee el RN ena) Pi Weiaeis ardieis
James Cane.... oe OE a raretarc terete a ayatecners Ub EE coe
Henry Jaeger: : Bloom Bloomyi.ca.ntnesceer Cook .
von ONONGOLE cc «cesses <. Hopedale’... 2.7...00... Hopedale........... Tazewell...........-.
© L. Aten..... ers apace Astoria Medepe cts [A QUOLIO Neb serene acetal MLC OM eee ete sissies o<tuie
PME ENINITIGR ess clclecs os clea coe Golchesters. soesesan| COLGHORtEGES. cco eee McDonough..........
J. W. Coyhill.. See RORPVIlle Lon. co eewee ROBOVINIC! . 22 505 cece VWWATTOM strats aie icicee
TLE ES ROVE) TS Se eee eee Summum? (255) 2 ).siSummunm: -.2 i. .0 5. | olton:.
Luther B. Hicks AWArehiws CUNLSS Reasac White Halli <ca20.--2 GTEC eee mercies ater
J. B. McDavitt.. ANOVA acc cater covert Parish.) nen ele. | LGUAL. 7.5 tacasncts see
BION GG emcee ces cALATONUD cc o0 eeleines, eects Arihoreee ees Monltriestcnn cree
Josephine Mas sid Mound Station....... Mound Station Brown....
1 by te aaa eee CUD Re occas seeteey | Cubase. Pan HOltOnas. ot eee etee
G. W. Dillon.. Bees ted Mall @reeke eso ai LOL Greeketre sh WiniOnt oases seen
Edward Moran..............|Great Creek. ........|Great Creek.........]/Vermilion ...........
Chanies Buchler:2...,....-- Highland... ...2,....|Grant: Porks,.22..2 <- Madison’ =e cweres e-

PIPPA SAMPSON <2 cp. as vee <s
OU GS anc scconent ea
James Thirlwell............
Mrs. Jas. Thirlwell..........
POLIT WARE ic ricctes icicles nc 'eca ve"
J. K.and F. L. a ae

John Hartan. ae

(FAalEBDUTOT cece es cmcls

CIMBpndothy 7.4. oss.

AN Aes jaere ace oe etoile |e
. |\Cazenovida...3%5 co. -

C@azenonia .2.%...2-<
Galesburg oe wletei hae jo

Mende eo

Christianisss aces

Wioodtord’. noses

EN OX AaNarnsceoeeeee ee
‘

LaSalle

Henry Staas.. Roatan) sistent | NUAELLOLO oejccceveieve S| Stammtonderncaen cutee! WLCIOAM Wyss atacret
104.1398 20 ie a ie ae CEN Precat 2 be bee ee ote otek ale Uasvenrtaone meee
Chas. Wagner.. .|Good Hope Good Hope..........|McDonough. ........
WMI OLIVER eit cs Serecd cc Norris an Norris City NWINGtes electra tamer
Valentine Brewnfleck....... Pelee: El Belleillop ey caste Claire. encase

MPAA IBS seyacneyenccis ss La Fox. Sooo Laid oc ame ate tae IRAN Gs anicleyeiacec arene
Robt. Zempel. 22 56. bse. s Woodland. Woodland... 2.2%: TrOQuolsé nc.5 sGeeceee
Meas HOIMDEIIO: 225. dces.00 5 ileante eee Elgin.. BIN ANION wraleh pate sj sey aerete
C. H. March.. SlDaylors, bo5.4 eee Maylorece access. Ogle.
J.T. H. Brady, M. D.. ..|Little Rock.. cpr ee sae pee Kendall ye Gseccnae:
\NG LE ios eer anlivall@oeence stack Earlville . IESE Cbd eoebece pone
soln A. Meyers. ... .oss...2- See aR oot th Casner.. ..... |Macon S ojeiaietatare
Nop CALIWOll seth co's cc cs Nokomis . v.....|Nokomis ............|Montgomery ........
INENISGIRGOD See ionien ees. s--|areen Vi alley. Joe caine Green Valley... Ae Mazewellec.cvconcer cts
ANAC AALO I secre nse. 4 <P AITMOUNE woe ecc es |MAITMOUNE «.caecse ss Vermilion. ..........
Ellen Lambord..............|Latona...... Ben |Newtonl secsclcscotans|USSDCr. «ceanbacleran
Simon Elbert..... ..|/Saunemin .|Saunemin IsivinPStonsnsensce ee
Sam’l Jones.. oats: Noam ame Oe eS eceareces ANAEKs. cf. scjeacajneon Gurroll t.25. esas.
Prosper Morrison......... Maquon sna EKG toy VSB GSC" Cocots nox
PAYOR WAnBlOW:s 2 ccnscesc ces Oxceolacey cee ee IBTAMKONGtn ceieelnecaies | UBT Kat sec onraiscatsm sete
mans Dealirs. fsa. cccs tee Bloomington......... Bloomington.. ....../McLean .............
A. #. Randolph .. .-|Green V, oan Ssapanet Green Valiey........jTazewell ............
WoW it do OHNGON!s.. 260. 5...0-7 Secor.. Baie I CCOR csac ance enc one WYGOGLONG Frenaeccarce
G.W. McGee.. eapaeeeraas MBS ice an etiacwate nee ore Mae care neon
Everett Carter. . ates eekacies race Beast Sraaeesa eomereeee Bry atltenctscs ccemares cel ULM asicens cicine ce
oh H. Wolf. ere yen OWISLO WE. coc cree Lewistown........... COREE et cts Seer ro

ity oBrdoks....-.5 020... Monmouth........... Monmouth........... WietTrenho es ot cc's ccntes
Dan’! V. Miller.............. Wresihelds: 8250), 5 cen INWEBL ON tcc. c. bocce sl SULOAUL ue. osas see
PIO S MATE oo oo conc on cee. e5(e IDAELOMN: coker ae ete ae IPSAXtOM © ries clea Gen Mord’ 2eecscbee mses
Edward Watson............. Ly eae Millersburg.......... MSU COI eestdacas stasis
Ss W. Bolenberger. enh Polo. SROLOn ce talc eta} OS Lees
ensy Martin. ..|Henderson . Henderson. Knox..

Walton... see 40 Chesterfield Chesterfield. ........ Macoupin. Seas ares

Geo. G. Guenther ........... eee EISTROSLODN soe sccses PBS AINOL ho ynn ewan s sin
WT eeASKMN EN: 2 codecs oe we Marion . MT ON <6 sicce.co sens Williamson Scions
PMERRCITIOM: ccc cs sfc see Altona ATONE. © a kclen omasiele ww ISTIOS A Goce atiod ows
Philip Miller. . : Dixons (seen ee ikon s.r eee Lee.
Wim. Cunnen, Aledo BIGUOS ty senccktoeo aioe MGNCEN Ts. ce coat Have
W. H. Losey. PalAGhle yt ta. creeks Aehlewete sua soe Washington. ........
Boyd Baldwin. v Viktor cee. |BMeville . Piet ENisvilloceuaseees os ealton..
lonz0: Ms Throp..os..25.0.: West Liberty. .| West Liberty Be nei Jasper. . Se
LL a) a ee Folger. . Vids soe (BOIBOR Gs sae oe SCTE rh ey area
Newton Horton. . ae ly COOL Rear Cee Bs ra ieee eae

Cae

32 25 29 29 29 29 29 AS 1S 89 29 2 39 4S £0 4S 19 19 4S AS 19 US 1 BIS 19 1S WINN NUR VSE RYLEY SSVYYELBSERSSSSSSESES

8

Name.

Post Office.

Emeline Horton..
A. Kaney..

(eo dai, TsiGherpks) ss

5 Peet eee mre
...|Forreston..

Weeteld 20.000.

|

Expres

Carp Distribution—Continued.

s Office.

Coles. cases:

.|Forresten

ai is MeCiaughrey.. Joliet.. NDOMOU Si rates teeaanese | WALL Spaltaetey
Wm. Rigel.. isis. | Lake Orel aoe ons IMSEIORY Soe, ossicles Williamson..........
BGO IWC ccs crecreacine's Good wHopee.s.eesse Good EHope..........;McDonough..........
SV BO MASE GY) £20 scieeiejerie s'se | WONVERX <7 o,ccry vis tenr DENVET o's 26 cccce.ce ve +- | HONCOCK ces aa eee
Simom Pwr... ..6.+.n-. Oran. Pe (LUE ath eee eee Stephenson .........
Ona iky. Gittings. jade Terre Haute. . Lomax ease | HONdGrsOnr. sa aeeeen
ALB: panelass.: Spee LDU heblee Elgin.. evsess | ANC 5.0 cg aes
Mrs. H. Deal.. vate smote Summum. Summum . -. | alton. <.0 seen
Oscar HNTB cae, oe anaes Peoria Peoria. .» |P@OTi8....22..s eee
H. A. Gross. . ht dingo ol IBDLEY? Bae acer PAS ES Gee Fa ow RN a |Washington..........
John W. Lambird....... Latona. 33 tee eee RMtOna estore cee e \Jusper. win neeaoe
John H. Fowler......... Blandinsyille Blandinsville.. 3 ‘McDonongh. ote eee
John Cooper.. bie ecorstete ole] MUO TILA c etete terete ey eae OURS crete tes osasee Henderson: .2-25u5-se
Mrs. G. H. March....... Taylor S| Miplorse soc. lOgle.. ie. Ree

ane Mendota. ...-........

;
f

| County.

Tees LaSalle:. 1235 5eene
is Waricher®: 3.2 o sD . | Westtield . ..|Clark.. = eloite
TOHMARUCH 2s o-oscccecce oe eeeelewtones >| Newton. :..........-.jesasper :
Henrysbuiier i. accee eee DOWHems ‘Grove. . Downer's Grove. .... Du age... s
G. H: Peterson..............|Orion.............. ..|Orion. _...-.|Henry.. anaes
Ae MS UEHI OY eon Ge Gaccue Newtons; wae Nawiorisscur ce moses JOBPEE.. A celcup eee
PAA WWiSters' 2220 25. peisnee RRODINSON Poses cee ne Robinson............|Crawford.... .....
Me Gilbentsccureniesee senor Canes tOnisen asec Charleston -/<. 25222 Coles.. Soins Sige es
By NUT yaewagccn eee Crete. .' fhe siyeon eines | CLOLG Will. asaee eee
Wi Rbaey.c eke actin qenseanee: Ashley Ashley-2%... ies ase Washington eects ee
DABS Lacy saceccceueuonce se seelil OL boten ateosernee ce rere per CCG
Dep Monmellliva cen teneeeatene Spring Bluth ee. ons Spring Bluff. . watsonene Lake.............+.+- :
J. & J. Donnelly... er eet er ee Mame nate aoe
F. M. Herzog...............|Blandinsville ........|Blandinsville........ McDonousgh..........
SS) Clayton. co06 cee 2066 ALTUMUN. 5 oo scteie we secon s | ATGDUL... 2. cs cree tecs <)| SOLD Rinne
OH ONES aaeeeaecee eee | PGALGStOwil.. cj njese Beardstown........ Cass.. ae ep sett:
GeouOssSPLUTy mu ceee cece ee | DLOLFISOMec ee mech oc cel MOLDIRON wen eeeeee ae Whiteside ...........
OhiaReANTENes Seeencememace| OAubONGAl Cees wccacu Carbondale.......... Jackson
Avram Broksdnln cejciee merece Bisentneten setae Bloomington ........ McLean; cn cceeed
CYB Jones ses. oueeee see ea) ManLtol. | Manitoy.: Susccke ces es One A
CHD DONE s) atecac secre’ Wermrontt.. gos. octeoat Mernront-. cs nascceee Fulton..

a) cH RRODETU Semen arsae sien ®

Bardolpht ee ssese
oe

McDonough oes

Pah ani ere eee ite Deering Gem Sb Coe
SeSiibludsomecspeicemacseceeee ae SSAA oS stoscievaetnsie nen em pt <et e
NEEM aACKSOMtry ate acme ene Daoeisie sisi pereie of shcctevacertor sf

IN Hall ers.t ittosees settee os Use ayco'e! ersislaiele uf ces es ah
Abe Horricks.... ee Sto Ba as Si tetiesas = aA ae
W. #H. Holmes . MDa heeee ete Gillespie . .|Gillespie .. eerie ee ieee Macoupii....<-.ceuwe
D. M: Siil.. ......|Bloomington .. => PloomniE Non eee eee McLean: .v. .ce.esneee
J. Chance.. ... | Mt. Vernon..... Mit. SWernon.: ..c.<s0 - Jefferson .

J.T. McClard. . ae Buckley ........ sees +s | DUCKIE |... 5... | LYOQUOIS er
E. T. Walker.. Bea aA VELHO) dale a Se eye eel eke Batokac..cccccs. cos | Manon

AON mae Gt ssa gnoasede obs Centralia . AIGENENAIA Lee ce es c. Clinton ..<. <.cueeees
ING Wel hniei cnt hobainsengs Shon oule Central City... .|Central City. ........ Marion... Sts.
AntonRepkine es aeeeeeer Veni. . 5 .. |Teutopolis tak wrmbagere: Sn Effingham...........
Mrs. G. N. Clark.. sas Centralia.. s\Gentralinn. i224. Clinton... 2a-heeseeeae
AR Vi OHNSONeereeenne tor a he + ©) iq RUeMaene aes
Wink, Wrenches oon erase teevae Hancock.d, censuses
i Vie OLEOM Si Nar oretesecs a :

.|Marion ...
VAM DVIOP «ce xscuronwerat tele ee a

BBSRERYSUBM ERY SMURULMULU EE SURE ULV EE EMER ULRELE LE EN ELE LE SSE BURBERES Ls

Richard Wilson : a .

John Kaley. . sae Crawford. 7 caccecas
A. Blystone.. seas Mega INGORE cickre ncaa Cumberland.........
D. &T. Mooneyham .. ieee | BUHtGni eee ktw SRM PIOUEOL rcs chtetolciee ce se Clays Aeneas seen
D. T. Carlyle.. eee Farina INST H ee Wekiccls sie e ust Marion ee |
Theo. Niemerg. epecjesyent| WOLL ZS Veni aaeine wer Effingham wie erune
SA WieSten dorks «csc wemwoniecle re ie eaceseniceie a ciee SUe Maen e hice eee ine ene cles SN) ere aes
Ree AU OUMAOM Acerca ececrecee Newton Newton Jasper a beeres
GN Tye IG vijeie'em wsiverne eeice SOS Wit seeayeeeeLestet SOY atcheer: gee ee see
Hale Johnson............... of Rutsenveis ciate Le Couns cues ON pews ue ckateieee
Samuel Brown..... 1). |Bairfleld....c.<c.s0<: .|Fairfield ....... 12... Wayne <Uintesusneane
GU NTOZ tise cases ccsp seca | DANIOTOM ec. .|Dahlgren .». -| Hamiltoniccoce ceenen
R. W. Stone.................|New Burnside....... ‘|New Burnside. ..__.. J ORNAGN) wceucane

R. Murchison.... Kewanee.............| Kewanee . | Henry. soe

Abe Bamberger Marshall “ tees on Clark......

Conrad Holly..... Crvete:. sviccsveceacsec |Oreken . ot] Will eee

F. D. Richardson INGWLON toon concen Newton.. «+. DESPOR. ca cane woe
TP OREN ee ice wre cic inves ot DOWNER BtGPOVelLn ce Downers Grove... Sex ts DuPage .u..<.encuanien
ED BIMRULO? cavities snvretyenue Ue Bee ec ss| pr tase ey hI) wR tN |” duan sin aes
WV Ob Uiten cosa reese cumenect fy SNE gone sy he 6 8 Ba y ween acai

Vy

if
WNoeannnen

KK
Wii

rs AAV KXAAY i

Bt

Ny)

Ah
ses )
AAD?

THE WHITE FISH.
Coregonus Clupeiformis.

: ' 7F') 7 i
©
x
x —
oe
, . ‘ -
‘s 1
1 p i
i.
’
\
e

+h Lect yee eel a we
os; ¥

vie : >

i} +

Carp Distribution--

dL

Name.

SDE MERTELIN hie sial'siess oscsceree &
RGU SCISOU cous cece ltsse ss
ESE DOOVO | ieicieroveict sie.eichste vlese
BPC ORY. scales ieecle ones
Samuel G. Hatch ...........
James Hanke, dr..........--
James Hanke, Sr...........
SMR ETCO ce cco) sereiaiissive esses
PORE! WHC Yc. cece cess.
VEE en SLGNUI ee cy aah sircieeisioes
H. D. Yost... SOR ARAE
Hon. C. Beckwith..........
PRN ENMU AI org, ctilay vind, sje av a /n:4'>
J. E. Hugo er aey
Maria Neighoop..
George Renner. .
Elizabeth Renner... nore
Charles E. Renner..........
A. Spurgeon.. Spee
Thomas Buttles. .

mngh DOVIO!S 2 50's oe eire Bie 2:
INOUEISGS she wane css.
* Ww. SSHMAKUSOLU: <yaisis's'sioio\a"e10 «/

SWS Sale Celoomeeocooee oun
PABUOT) INGO Vintec lois cece tc 0
WP EACLE TINUED clone ato 0 ete aio) 21+ cies
PREAH DAG. «cre, ce esos ys aie
‘Thomas J. Warren..........
Lewis Boutright........-.-.

Post Office.

Express Office.

Continued.

County.

WBE OM EA on ctaie ctneteasie ers
NPA TIS EU ete reser stave ceteris
LOMA: prelate leh rere
BEE VINle Looe n.
Vernon

WMemnonisa deen sees
BSllMONG es cece cones
ANE) en meyabneee teresies
PENVINN ae croatian Ne yeceticiatts
DMMAP OIG. sees «xtanwes
NEOMUNORE ee eu saesiee
Belleflower..........
Elartiord).\.. et eccos:

Prophetstown .......
WN As oe eorhee
ENG WICOM se cciches cerivierston
Belleyillesosa-ccce. +.
Vernon

Vernon. Resi delehsisestate sais
Belmont see. ace:
ISphob hae aouea ais oncae
AI re Soh ene eicetetioe oe
AMET) OMY Seem oe, cole
Montroreiuneesen en <s
Beilefawereecscce.
[BOTH i oh 203 Saacosne

WiILTEBIGE: sooo os oa
(IME I Aan carro ewes
[eS ELEMTI Bestia a wis atin chs al ets fot
Silat Ase ence oats
Marion

MEN tOMW. srawas sete: Mre@ntOnip eee. veiecieese 2 GUTTMITONG Socio arecis lien
ee os ee
Matt ae cs cortices os | I INGUETTC peers dnote iene revere RE BES ARA RSAC aCe
NUANCE Ror aian ance de) ROVE bomen ang cmd Jackson
Elkhorn.............|Hlkhorn . Washington..........
DUDOIURS. ieee eee Dubois..... IREQYN Titanic eeictos veces
CICAL ON as tertseerio ts Chicaroy ss. -enae Cook.
Basco . as BASCO Rr AAR oe Hancock
Sigel. ... [Sigel . ASMLOLD Men rca ec ier atecle
‘}Loran . . Loran . Stephenson..........
ee oe
ss nett teee ee seen Be) Socraoes
. i : en. pero
. ry : ener
Nokomis .../.../....}Nokomis 2c. .5.0..-- |Montgomery ........
AM Ae we sates ../Anna. Umionhtoe8 seme ccc

Marianisccs laces ec
Wit SD 2. oae eat cite
Cr iStlant a aaeeveeret
NATLONG Acerca sete
@rnuwiordie secs sects
HIBS ol ena con. cone
MocWean ooh ccmeeseee
saline .

Walime vn Gundy. 1.4 bos oes |Macone.. (0. ...5.20. | MaCone nc ieccelie es NUENQ 05 MAR eee ay hece oc
Frederick Finger, : Centralia . Centralia en icictay: @lintonei at seseeeee
Peter Leiss.. acs syeracchelenes Re BAC mote et MEAG Caicos
Amos Weedmun.. ...-.|armer city.. iets 3 ee city. NES OD DEWittis <0 eseen aces
vei GOCKO).... 2 cena se. (Centralia. Ses) Centralia’. Clinton

VEE AVE NNONIY . coil estis.ceee Jediashnoly Mariel wey Aertel SUNOS pee Gai MER S Wayne ..

Daniel Mooneyham......... Bemtonys eases Benton 2. Sesser aes Franklin .

SRN MENU TTR Soe eeeicetd rate oj (LOU Dire. cyorere er ciece 0) efe,s, stew EUG toectiee caceieten | EGENY iat Jie oats
Via My Malo Ye Ae Aeneas ManiOnsasanccernae Maron narte cere: Williamson ..... 2...
SAN tel |S Dd 5 ee WihitevHallia.c ces. Nuiten Else Greene! .)./). 8525 .c/ase
MSAD Cr ORION. ccc ais cw sacs Hinheld nen scene Bintieldteaeencncce White

RIMIV DEI AUCH ne cal a ciate ovoi PACOKA\ ciate wesc sous Bate tect uahe tees IMATION tei.) ao ee
SAVE AVLOIUNGS cic + centre || PLOWNS).ocr crease oes BLOWS Sotoc suiowe cod WEDASDIUN, 3 <-1ttalc ert 5
V. Henzemann .............|New Baden-.......... AGVENTOMU Seki -eicae cto. [CLINTON cc Gere setiee
George Griesbaum.......... SiS) PE Biesctos ae SUN Uodeiea te detec dems OR te Sais oot is einis
M.S. Dicken.. .../Chrisman Chrisman Hdgarvccncscemcscete
J. P. Heffner. . PNM ITe ie cvttereae arseres Bimuhe ld ssacs fewenciee ae Motus: apope uacoomaac:
Charles 8. Wilson.......... LTrim eno go pageant eeig seul UC ee aes ee UCR Oh oeeurserec Obt:
F.M Knowles.. .|Spring Garden ...... Spring Garden ...... JCHELSON) Sse ceases
George W. Eoglin .. SACO CHEN Patoka (sn aacews Patokay cote sce senate. MPA IOMN crfose tas stn state oe
Wm. H Evans......... 2 Soe | RENO U ES hong ano gee Harris bune Sao. «cease Haling:.;.ceswese eee
PUNO Pletas.. sasoss coke owns |C entralia See Sor eae Centralia Ba tags tenets ClintOnieretc fone steer
James Roberts. Alina 2) Na Bade bontee Pe iahsdasonmcodece
J. Hinds....... Colocnemss ee: Coloonelaatee static ort Edgar

Russel Middleton. . Mowers Hullysee es RONVELE EDEIUG. se com ree HO LOH OMe. eeetectee
I. J. Skiles.. imi el dye cic overs MENGE ese depo I NSNUNNE | Seb os on gcc
L. H. Mitchell .......... AUNWUG ee) 3) Aa eee West End...........|Saline.

ele HH OWATGS), 6... Talesiees ss NESRLOLUN Sen eine nice. MARION aareren crete W illiamson Shelsteperaterate
OS OLCY) ware Nota veeetieelee CO a emeeiines hoes Se! OE daicrslal clade nets Sachs | ee oat) Mik is totare fot) crete
S. O. FE ee oe OE a Sr RE ote © tons detaateveMoais.c se ie eee pect
W.S. Brown.. eee GOOG HODGE... \.. eee GOOOPHODGhan econ: McDonough .........
W. W. McCleland........... STC UTR SRR SEB Gore SHS GGG co ciy tees oto or Clinton see eeacn ens
Avibesete sn VWATTOM Sc Gb ccers ects Freedom ............| Freedom 4 AS alle Re ewe te ew ole
Hore ACHE faceh.cclaciccr | DOU ONL... Soot s out ose Salem | es Om ecetenrenis elacht
AN MACRING sec ccieete cee ct MUATLOM) ciicis ies s(esiereierse Max lOniae camel coe tes Williamson .,.......
John H. Jackson ...........|/Bardolph:...........|Bardolph .|McDonough.........
Charles Kititner........,....|W oodstock .......... Woodstock 07.75 .... lode Bao aden
PUIG SLOW «cs0\csct/asie/aece: «| ROO HOPS. oo. 5.2.0, Good Hope......-... ba

oun! FANON 2220026... Le Oe cen pee DAs ba Nidan ert us

J 30) 01 ee Lhe er papote cal | ae SECA ee me

James A. Brown, Jr........ oe Site e ot SA one Ae ue

M. D. Robinson.. eee GIAO eck vaceice es ey LLBRRISDUDL? sciss s<.ce SE Ha GlennnAreece tees
MPL RO DINAON. .cccciee ca cores (ELADULOLG... een. voc «. | ARIA... 085. oes ce ee bh

BUMGO De sMITINANL coset co ceecenPALDION o.. 0c ces me SAU DION te tevecatetee Edwards atest.
Wee MGLANLAN 6:05. oceke «s SUMMIT sere eee: op | RBCONT Aces wate eaiy eee ROUUMERS Ee tele cia iachcle es
MMVI EN beteccl ss \sthalnyan Co remeMUMSON etae caact neess MUMROn. Met il pstente es Union

-
an
+ «

20

S8SBssyt

isly US, BERDNEH paisa jeapatete tess
Wm. C. Crump.
-John Ferguson
Henry Albrecht. .
Wm. M. Morris..

..|Mendota......

ater Gillespie ..

Stirrup Grove.

Vandalia .

ie Makanda
../Stirrup Grove
.|Mendota

*, |\Gallenpiewes.suseote

Vandalia

.|Fayette....
.|Macoupin .

7 to * - 7
é . : Ree
‘ '
52
. . . . ®
Carp Distribution— Continued.
Name. Post Office. Express Office. | County.
John Brokaw . ¢oa|Saybrook.....:.0..s<. Bayirodkincs sulk. Meret soe aaienep eel
J. F. Hight.. » cae, |Samoth.....22.0. -2ea2|S8MOth .2. 02050202». |MASSaClss se eee
Mrs. J. F. Hight . eS an OF: Le SS TAREE | 56°" ened
Wm. L. Vockrodt.’. sae |DONVETB . 26s causes [DANVOEB:.c0ce+2 o-.+ --| MCLEGI sa eeeeeeee
C. A. Bain, Jr.. Seavetiee SAMO «..c\..cctene cette MAILE viens oblnere See > J OMDNEON.. ..Ssascecsace
J. 3. Taylor.. wah eee «| RUSHVIIIG: <5 c\sciseen eT UVALe oe es aban ble oe ‘Schuyler .......04.
Samuel A. Veal. . .|Danvers . iemseet | DIOOMIN STON. 2. c05 (McLean .. 3°. esgucees
CEE ISGIUD Dien cicjole (eae steve. sie Mt. Carmel..... .|Mt. Carmel.... '|Wabash .ocssesueeeee
J. H. McCartney. 2e}| OCT yee ere Odin ... ioe ‘. Marion
JEU fobs VAR ee ee Aa power ure Bowensburg |Hancock
B. E. Parker... ..|Medora.. Medora ...|Macoupin
\aVaeh, DIS TaN Se comenaree adc Chicago Chicago » «(COOK saceen
SMG MG ATCINGL. ef. cree sictistelsia» ane . ...|Kane . | MADG o> ceeee
S. A. Hendee... ..|Bushnell , :.. {Bushnell . % eb saveeoee
D. K. Doud. ...|Gardner . shod GALONCY byt cure senthe Grundy.. er
Walter Murray .. Foon eliystt City Se nek: Hont City: oss. 2210|08=pele. eee
Charles E. Mayal .. .|Springfield .......... Springfield .......... Sangamon . 3
Thomas Dickinson.. arefalenaetsyereie IBGELLOY: (alArtrees wee | DHCDLULOY irs co:5c.05/Sewrales Hancock. . ne
Samuel Dickinson.......... ROR nae re Berka ae ric Mele ate hdc wa eve wen =
PIM mV DLO C Keattersyiaineyee teen, Vatoniay. os ccmestsces Wheeler. ..20.52%520..<|SASPCPo. ssa eesenene
Walli@ SP owellt ices ces IBOMIGIAG£ co wieicre te te aia POntiaG: 2 nina sincleye rae Livingeeen ae corse eene
L. A Thompson.. ...|Golconda............|Goleonda «POIs: Seasons
E. Enerson.. ..|Danway ...........».|Danway. : see (bsSallei a eee eee |
John M. Hartwell .......... Marion.) f.0 S2senees Manion,-262. ese Williamson .........
Aili) WON Gas be ncoa se coek Carbondale ..... Carbondale.......... Jackson }..s ccs escue.|
Vie d en Area DANN Goan oo Good hin CN MEING ayabeuace. errors a ce Be
ms Rs WW DiltakeGrivs <csewessiecies Se ineretiien Lares Summerfield St. Clair Loc
Green Johnson .............|/Sandoval . Sandoval . |Marion nex oat oe
J. Schleschmann ...........|/Shattuc Shattocse. weceeemees |Clintor, <s.0sspaeeer
“G60. C. WeIIS. cc cca cscs <ees|| Haring Farina. 2.5. 0202 0«ss ««| MATION). uses sane
Pater Sy selbert.sescmemesece | enlOy: on cas ante attines Ashley .....0.005 s00: |W SSH PLO saeseaeas
eda. Aansworth esse Rantotl [| Rantonl sy ce eomese can Beene hs”

Jackson . We caews

DOMME UPOMty,, racleeeeesee NOG Burnside. ......|New Bnrnside. ......|Johnson.....
IDB (Ess UbpaKellnat | Sooo eo osds an) EXON) es Ag eda Boae IMs. COnIDeeeeelesieeioerts HoDonet= <eandeane
Julius Hinderliter.......... Southfield)? i256 Jc o.JSouthheld’.. 2: osc oen Fulton. . peseeae
PAN CALTICLO Mewierisioe lelclentee a Gillespie ............|Gillespie ... : Macoupin . Ge tuaiakose
M. E. Warren ee either | NULELUD GEOG wun eeree)|| VIL OCIN mrs sseieeeeiee mrs ka ication Oredeb
Alfred Adams . Bere eel BOME] GY? | -craciastos eters Bentley. cncsenoeecsies Hancock. 222s cneeuece
Julie Wialchen 2 ae. cee MOllerayilleeece te cnes Millersville ......... \Christiane-esaeres
Josiah Claridge, . Nee ten Otterville sabes meee Ottervillews a eeteese JETHECY. «c Uecween ees
E. A. Smith, M.D. By isathalig wen nese ee Botialtey ccceweeceee Madison. .... 0. sen 0s
Geo. 8. Guenther uosboleeenh | Screalon . EISieatornccses ...|LaSalle :
EIMRICAY acces Bale aysicters Ingraham . eicesmee wes ClaviCitycateees aeee (Olay 36s n- eee eee
W. B. Donaghy .. a coal Vesna Sn Moke hs. MUON Byer catieos ane Johnson. .
Albert Walk.. ¥ ceecve INGORE Saeco. ke seice ea] INCOR 12) ilCumberland 22/22...
Peter Jacobs..... saice@ clewlecee | IO DGKIY eee meine cates nell MUABOM si cncinuioeice erect Effingham ...........
Jacob Evinger.......... ....|Westtield . .|Westfield .. |Clark..<.Ccosane etnwhod
Hi. P. Reynolds... .. 0.0.0... |kOCk Island . oseewiis Rock Island......... Rock Sect crete
SMe LOMIDAUL Dees rsiepetelecteteret: Odell. Fos [Odell.. cs kcce access) LVI Shoe ae
Hu h Larger . .. 1... {Atkinson . See Wes | URI OM cs vcrecraaie ‘Henry . at about
PD. R. Robinson. . soe Ol Harttord oakmneceees Hartford .......0.. .. |Saline . cmmeeeane
J.C. Dool . Slee ceo Aledo’........ccccc.. (Mercer ccc aaauenen
‘Geo. W. McLaughlin . ..|Neoga 55 INGO SANs ceca cus terces (Cumberland .. <eeeeatee
‘Garrett “McLaughiin .. LP daveterte ES EU seated etelesience pe
Rachel H. McLaughlin . ec ee GIS ap ke csalvignciedisise'e.,| dh
B. Blomamaacks: ...e.--| West End .|West End..... Saline
Bo Rowell See OmtAGre ser .|Pontiac....... Livingston

J. Jones . ....|Beardstown ......... Beardstown ......... Gasscicce
iE W. Parks . Sediesiee ce EVUTt Cltyonccenmerseee Hurt City ...........|/Jasper
John F. Tanguary .. Soe feaueaee Bellemont... .|Bellemont.........../Wabash
H. H. PEE Beis «vei CODON mente Sgtrcentes Golden ...... Adams
BE. A. Se gs tee biies REALNIO VL be ceteeeiee pratpevilles- Res ceeke Lee.... wet
L. M. Elbert . eet Montrose .|Montrose.. 5. : ae
Geo. W. Elbert .........0c.. aE Te foketen sce . . 2 cacanneieer
IDWS MUD ese evistenltits wecwrcs | MUMAMONMOLCseE ree ek Summerfield sect St. Clair. . cauke
DOKL MLOTICOY§ ociciss an tse scieien|| SLOOMMGIO Succ pkiccion Bloomfield . .i. | VOhNSON. | kansas
DSO DATO <a; crathrew iene cee Wert Bind’. acts Weoatitind econ t ate Saling . ....svsekueune
SRV ALT stein ae cieiccieieteivcts | ean <eduivftee] @UlDy, = : Marion asaen
DW's SO AIONVENY cic c selene «alee Spread eon ee Springfield . enh seine Sangamon ate
€. W.. Heydecker ...........{|Wadsworth..........{Wadeworth.......... TKO |. Vs ceeeee wsea’

1

38 36 819 8 SS ee BS SESS USERS SERRE SSRSESESSESLUSSSESERESESESEES

BSyEy

SSSSSERREsEs

» De alia

Carp Distribution—Continued.

~

3)

3

Name. Post Office. Express Office. County. No
PAN CO ALSOD.. 5 cjsc\cs ce cecccs GCOBIAW? asic, cals since ects Gerlaw aon cnesecaoe WATT OM << sie snes e'erne
Samuel VanMeter ..........|Mattoon . .|Mattoon ..... BIMOLBR. Se creccc cesses

PEPEVCTOTIILUDN ccc w.ccsiesss sieve
W.H. Jenkins.......
PODMIGOZZODS .sc0. cece ec ise
Geo. Stubblefield ...........
Apel NV DIGIOCK 5 ccc. sees
Schwartz Bros....
R. A. Bennett..
E. C. Deputy .
John Soergel ..
J.T. Mitchell..
O. M. MclIllvain ..

Stephen Herr.....

VOL OEROW aitticleeiet''les os
Newton Miller..............
haar WRORBOMs 6.0200 esa.
Let WTS Ore re ppeideaocmee
ey GIGAR ce sce saves veces
AWC GERST ice eres esis acres eros
OS BiGnaiies ccecccise cs 'ceck-ws
Pe eAG SURO tcc cn cciselei =
Samuel Werror..........

Atwater .

‘|Scales’ Mound.......

WIC LCY ha A Aas aMa Saqaee
101). ee eee

--.-- Salem We oa! Se
...|Lake Bluff
MUA DS d. ism ere eicteies

Jonesboro...........
Wreath Ende: sos sete.
SI COULA DULLES sre velatereitielae
Cropsey .Gaccee ees
MakevB luis ye cue ve

CHICACON avce celecss

eae | AUWVALG Dye Nareaint ele cs

i |\CVODBOVink cae cs, cee
ee KONE Litem eis epee
ee

Girard. .
Scales’ Mound..
McLean

NAOMI cotcece esccee

Lake Bluite nna ceeeee pL

Bellemont
Jonesboro
West Hind! . cc. cess:
Bushnell

aS eee

“ee is ee

a) rn ee

We . a . eee ee eee
Ashland) sce .s cane cnc Ashland) isecn cuca.

ce oe

"|Lake Bluff: ..t.......
s|(Horeythel es oon lee. os

John Meyers................|Freeport seeesees | HREQPORi. sacleercereene
RCM TOURGIMMAD o/s. e ee | CIATA «0s clea ccc wesc Claramycarece stems ses
H. Fridendall...... Wf || Batavidle 2 soe tecceeee Baiaviaaecdee ceca.
E. J. McGrealy . Bs MCL OO Kas =[ne cel see | MULL DOO Ks tere crates =:
J.T. Eastham .... ..|Carlinville...... .... Carlinville-.....:....
H. Cragg S| GHICRP OR masereasmecs South Chieagy': Sono
P. Sharp. ; Elgin.. Sheen ees en loan. a5
GIRVIGSO scr cieesccc-re ce. Otterville ........... Otterville ..

Si CTR seca eceeeen Shumway... Seeetse | SHIIAWAY, vsesians oss -
Prosper Morrison ...... IMA QTION cosmetics | MUAQUOMNN creo ee tca1c eis

J.B. SLE y Ara

Toledo

Moledows eect. sas

R. H. Miller . SealMakand a) ceeies neces Makanda.

D. Sifford.. .|Anna. teins oe || neh Siero
John McSherry . RPS wee N's Jacksonville ....-... Jacksonvilie.........
T. Rinehard . Poe eoenee Btn PHAM a. scle voe oe Effingham ...........
E. W. Noakes ..............|Lake Bluff Lake Bluff...........
S. Melvin.. Greenfield Greenfield . 5.2... .:
J.D. Robards. . : Ee ‘oellabeuien oe og Loretto aisiceter
Albert BE. Gould . ...|Edgewood...........|Edgewood

H.J Norris. Cree a sOcBluits...custeceeee Lake Bluff ..
Charles Probstmeir......... Millstadt ............|Millstadt .

George Grossman .......... SMMthone seen SIMMENOD S.2 gee. sees se
Oe OnGanellis0i.20 650%. Belleflower.......... Belleflower ..........
BAL NORDIN sc coh as tes AUCUBTA aon tie ee PATIO TERED: antec 5 sc s.e/ele) sa
Gown Grahamecnseels. oss: Carbondale.......... Carbondale. .ccess
ePQUNG ISOM ire any caccysiejsie ee as Stas oracle niavere SLSEE Seto ereinteiare
Wie C oMbantinencap ccc nc eects OT hens Seateaierie Se wine scene
die BD: Wtherton) .saec. ss. cos. SEAR) SLE eects OS Ayako seatetste
James Payton ........ ve| Ghanlestons..seccecs Charleston ..........
Jald Ube GS Bone cn acoagersas| bu lil Glut y hyn sae esise ALGO Eee snts wehustaeie
Over ONDA cece s conse. Bann 4 yo celnern ices [RR oe ee

James Crily ae
John W. Seis,
WWORGSWENITCE 2.25522 asee.
conn wAOUKON:. 4 =<sc20 eee ee
Regs sATOEFSON|.ss/ieciene oe.
John Hatson...............
PPG MNGRUILON cu 5.c cock sates oe
PLOU MGS OUITNB c). 25 cove cece ee
EB WAVION hice. home'e eects
He iD: Carpenter «00.6. 050 0
Thomas Alderson...........
Hard LMPenSOll ic. cae es scse ee
VV WWICHOLOll | .cciewds cts.
er Be WOsON cy oe aekte sone
Hieskes AW SULON: oda ese ante
SAMEBIPGYTON. <2. 6. cece cane
Asahel Burnett .

Charles G. Vaughn...
Thomas Price. .

James Hethington
James Ferrell

Bene eee wee

.|Thompsonvyille

: Murphy elare:

Loami

Pande cactc scclettec's:

Rikicer tees 30 kee
Haranian’.\..22<):.2-
Gharleston 55... -28

.| Vienna

Ae DUNE DOr, ate etekes
cana OTIS ee esr aer ee

= Winslow. .-s0%'s
.|Hardin ..
fe

Boal

Pana .

Tola . | OVENS, eloenne
-|South America...... Harnsbury « Rae Bae

Rushville... .../Rushville..

INOTAI Ss. ...|Nora . :

Rushyille.. ...|Rushv ille..

Joliet. . ...|JOliet..

Pani ees is as [Pana 2.) ee

Carbondale.......... Carbondalet.2.s.-..

Knoxville . Rnoxvillletenec. ce seks

Mar=halliss-e ses celts
Haramany.. te. os
Charleston ..........
MIGMN Re citiscie contac

a7

...|McDonough
>|Mcbean 2. ..2°. .

. Jersey

. Jackson

.|St. Clair
ae

. }JoDaviess

s.|Macoupin .........+.
ee

Si POD AVICRB os sso was

MGA sa hmacccesc es
JeLersOn) {5 2.5.s00c oe
Miarionpescassceecde oF

SAMING ch asadecs owes

Lake Cay Ala Og ea

“sé .

ee

se es
Cass? .c ure ad

a0 ed
ake) ccd eeccweeee ons
Stephenson....,.....
Coles see Sen ceeee
Kane’ 2h icctrtlioautie.

Kendall isi vecencacts
Macoupin ...........

Cook

Biff hamlece see cei
KnOXes, sehen
Cumberland

AMON fh eee eee

MOT AM seiscros qe careee
Effingham ...........
IPED 6 sip os soo aos tore
Green .

Efinghain. sagcue 240

Laken. i teases eee

McLeans 2) *aceasee cs
FLAN COCK eaeate te eee
Jacksongseece eae
“
be
ee
Colesies sorte eee
Mercer

p | Christiane... .ceccsee

Branklinie eases
Sancamon:..2 see
DACKROM eee eee

Clay. ECE AES
Saline! as. aceeeeme
Sehuyler-sos.s sn.

oa SCHUIlErc cs fee
Will

GHEIBWAN oss e ane
JIRGINCOIN Spcan Beer
OR an sc Nace pee
lane seas Sek
MACOUPINtecsn 5 <5 <5-
IGolenrse oon ee en
Johnson.

.. Cumberland Brats aK

. Calhoun

AE * Hardin he aR ea
Salty es

2 BS Ag BS 2 A BG 9 AY & A A AYA AY A LP 4S 29 29 29 AO AS AS AS AS TO IO 1O 19 3D JO 30 19 19 39 JO 19 BS 2 IS A A AT A BF AG HF HF FAB YAY A A AVA AY AS 1S AS 1S WS AS US US AS ISS WS SIS

54

Carp Distribution—Contined.

Name. Post Office. Express Office. | County
Thomas Watson ............|Elizabethtown ..... Hardin: fe.sic-vee ocss sara os
Henry Rittenhouse......... Rr tek alle, cceeton hd eee FPO) ene
Joseph Mason ............+. EN eaaeioe of | 0 scaktene tomes
F. Riggs .. Ue ASS Tea ae SC | Sibeien saeeinaa
M. F. Dassett. . Winet tinct OU las Soares fe gees Oe aise poet aaa
John Tyer ....... Manis atlases ate os AW), Gee ve oee “a 6% -pdéckee eee
Hsasie HarOrd sy 2...2 nec. ieee MOE Pe Goode c OOS watene Sore «rotate al) oe er rr
Miner Brobstitssccic. cacesee, Rock Grove ......... ROCKO Gye. Se's poi oie cl pe deep ea
Francis Meyer..... Sterling sf. scetsee oe SCOLLbapus testes ae Whiteside .
John Weigand Mt. Sterling......... Mt. Sterling --22,---.) |Brown.. eee
E.H C. Peck Aishiley eect comers A SIIGY:, een a. 5 scaleees |Washington .........
INE Grand bGitos. arenec cer sacmiac Rapids) Chive pecmeeee Rapids 'Gity..2... 22. Rock Island .........
Fred Royce . Dallas (City cc. cece. DalissCity. 2.2.2 222. |Hancock. -ccosuewees
E. R. Reynolds . . ...|/Rock Island ...|Rock Island.........|Rock Telanfl . coos
W.O. Powell. Pontiac 522i) seen. sie PONUAGs. 32m os coeve | LAVIN ELON ce cee

James O. Mera ........-...
TMV PAULIN te yoyaicre nila wiecleisivtors
Nelson Johnson ............
CMATles HALTS). . He ve essere
eel) PEL AMIN Tt, sfaic ous letorureretets
Benjamin E. Warren.......
MRWAS. MEV OW sats tiers) ve) arstarevatetetors
AY cova 5 biel 4: Dae eet oe daloode
BBCUeReyMOLU Sy, ae eeare
Seale SVC VAVOLOS) a: epetar er steysianere
Gideon Pitman. occ ciecicetee
Werth AC Ollinbie ctr eee teees
HAST WWieliler.422 4. Scaveres <e
Cc. L. W. Genteman.........
Warn olive Garnieyerrracted ereree
Henry aC ole... ca vistesise etoss
J.AW. Kitchell
Wa Ws WWIATNON ry ca a creetercrars
LONE ar SOM eye ences
JOM CHINES ate atelier aeee
SNal\ raw aXe vie lesen catoniorere oe
WAC CAWOOde rane nem pierre
ion eg OO MNbN seers < carac paen
GeeDeVINN Ne see sitchecea eee
Py aa eae ae
John L. Brock..
N. Hatch :
Wm. Hamilton .
John Sloan .

Wels ucko.cu m4. on ee Creal Springs........|Creal Springs

IB ae WESC OL a New. ctoral ca sistas Collinsville.......... Collinswillewcses. cee
Wie A SIP CSO Mba. ca caitewe wretete North Henderson....|North Henderson....
PacobuMalllante cs sees Wiki MUO BRIS Oe Gaenoe Mite MOnniss qecene oe
UG SENS SG ool Souee cred OV eel Berea pe See pen ae Soe
1515 Leh NMOEKE INGE GA Goadoe code ae D aes Sop oS. Cope thay eh vega ENE GG Se Sere
WeeDssliatiinerce cei .|Aledo.. speiet ANI QUO! 4 erorotee.cteleino Silo
John Londenburg........... Joliet.. EL Seacleteenee POU aera S52 |,
Russell & Hogan............ Collinsville.......... Collinsville

ING ADD ISLET.) ctocieelcteke
WESHOYE Sores wnt nara
A. Alsip. seicecaiusteretetes
SINE Get MOTELS es terse coachesbbiere
AYO CAMELS scene metres
cAYS EL: BUNS sc seine Se
A. I. Wood. . :
W.E. McBride... cosets
Mrs. W. E. McBride........
Bruce Dixon.. siaiareh emer
A. #H. Mhelebeni.tsscccnccnne
PE OUEVER ME MEL OV Us an cicteles miciontee
CreOW BLOW. Sceifsniescclucitionn
ACHES SP OLIMGL giao: stu oicyaelolens
James Bera ee

ac Mackinaw . ats
bb Bronte awe aac
rte OPLOMGnee poeta wees
SEASON 5 On se ob ood

./Abingdon..

Rosemond...........
Kirkwood .......+..
Galeshuroweercmayecise
LQG i) Bis ks Merete nelatste
Brincevillel eee tsar
IROSemIOnG neem eee es
Henderson
West Point

Henderson

QUIN GY eeictse amotio

ML OpOlis seen sei
Creterc. sac coon tease
Ban ale area emeriaiae sek
WiATNGDS cece ceesc
Wistalraeic <a vcecatss
Mite Wierdones ss. c..6

GNicauosaonucsew:
ee

.|LaHoyne pL ET

Farmer pal a eo
Henry. .

see\Orete:. Saeteniiees
3 Belleville...

.|Browning....

Belkin oo. ane Lane

J.B. Fost « Sons. HATO. Lhe. ca cones Gree
Geo. Simpkin. . sadeineets] | SUCKBOMV ILO pence
MEKOTOCKAlR. one sacs. cements Sailor Springs. .....
ree Vi aIGHOM. cesice slesieiee Millersville.:........
William Greebort....2...... Red Bud.. :
GOVIAMIROMS,... \stewis eels, ocvew.siesale Strasburg ...... eth
SOMMVEIMTIVCSVtnie ve cinmcietie Nashvill@c. cc cesses

Wa OLD a 575s ae savecierveal Ve

mosemond.

Princeville

West Point

Quincy
ee

Crete.

JEG WOR. Gee
Briar Bluff .
Wataga..
Mt. Vernon.

j .|Macki inaw. .

: Belleville.

-|Browning..

Pekin.

UGliay Citviwcs ee

Rosemond...
Henderson ..

Millersville..........4
ov ROUMB UG Mat ceteche
VIOLAS ONO ce acee
LENE VIL) Gem cc trare

Kirkwook® sis. s200-
Galesburg ........-.
WOM -s ciarciec cent

Rock Wslands sa.4 see
te

Henderson ..........
lolawec(s.dete nee

iepolis .. has fate:
aoe | Wil oe acerca
. | Christians ..we- eases

ol Mereer:. facomceniek

Cedarville vo... tice Hreepontanecsa-seesce
Janesville . ...|Tanesville, .

Viola. Meltcisrasisleiie |WWALO) oie Speen.
Rapids City.. yore Rapids City Soe Goce
Viola . Jone oun uel Nan) py

SATOMI S aeisoe coese ce
ALORION A: os, eee oe ete
MatisiG@ity.s. suceese oe

SPAIN MOD wesc e eaen +}
UCN ose Wee
“ee

i ce aa te.

RoOmvillesemecdcae te:
Charlestown........
Garmanodccs ce ke ok

J KNOX. 58s Seat

.|Cumberland ..

| MeRCOF. nh oa cu, dneaaenen

.|Will

.|Goles.-.caneen

(Christian .......-.. +.
| Warren... ..-+sesmemes
BnOX :,. sckeccsaeeee
Sangamon <. 3... sce
Peoria... 2 dea ne sepeeiee
Christians. 2i.coeene

Hancock........
Rock Island....

KNOX 5252345, cased

Mercer: -ceueeneene

Adame: 5. 10.2 sueotenl
ee

Sangamon

ee

Jefferson eet ane
Stephenson ...

Rock Island

Tazewell .

Mencer.4. tc cheasesee
Ogle. :.v snake
oe

Sangamon..

Troqnois. ...... 02+.
DeWitt)... (2 e)comenee
Marshall. ...c.eucwee

ene ey

'Morgan.. ee he

Clay. scexieereeaaies

\Christian.. Sock kal
ae |Randolph.. aca

. Shelby... a Meee

*. (Washington... ......

2 $9 1s 30 1s 30 Be Be Be BS A Bg 2 BB A BS A A A BS A ES III ENB USE EES ESS SYSLSYSSSSSRYSBSSSSSSS

THE RAINBOW SUNFISH.

Centrarchus macropterus.

Carp Distribution—Continued.

Name. Post Office. Express Office. County.
J.F. as Metropolis........... Metropolis. . .|Massac.
Otto ee ereer:- eye LURE OI: cw ey etereietere Effingham. ; Effingham.. crete ecyaiteteite
John Hogan.. ./Collinsville.......... Collinsville.......... Madison.............
PNG Wood... ......-.¢m-- SLOUGH ONG cn. . seyacen Stone Morte... 356 o Saline . Sea eit ave
G. D. Wilson.... HIDONOSHOTO...... 0. ceee Anna.. : mya iatont 3. eA
Wm. W. ai Site ate OCG Rosemona.........../Rosemond. . ree) CUNMEBULAMN oe rciecree aie
J. W. Thomas... Seer EK SNOB <5 ctts sence Wakanda.. BACKROOM Gries cance cede
Se WELOLGNOT. 50. cee e ance Warlyleeticvec sews sn Carlylonc be coaeeien CAITNUOIN 2 ersten 3) cies easier ece
J. M. Maynor...............|Eddyville.. Golcondaiie mcs cce BODGs towns s ccew aoe
Me BeRath. --.....2).0.0c... (Summerfield... .:.. Summerfield......... SisGUaiM er acta ce ner,
Swentz Bros................|/Salem. WALAINS. bene ceieer ite Marion
Een WINTGLOCK. dons. ac sci ev (DIXON... a MES Wiermotiase ccs cee Jefferson
SS EO a Shelbyville .. Neda cae Shelbyville........... Shelby
Pelt ELA DIMIOM Wiis vce ee. cas >(ETINGEVINIEL. 0. 6c case Princevilley ssc scenes. BE OTIR® cicite cc acid eves ae
Frederick Klore.... ........ Bradrordeae cote. «cle Bradiordes.. osc. co ADCAMON)... -.j cee
Luther C. Keeler............ Chicago.. eae | CDICHO OM cas sasm rene Cook .
Geo. Franck -|Sandwich.. ..|Sandwich.-..........|DeKalb..
UO NRG OF eno Neesc ee sca. Chicago.. ool CRLONT OM miners ...|Cook..
B. F. Irwin . ...|Pleasant Plains...... Pleasant Plaing..... Sangamon Ge ONCE
J.M. Sperry.. ...|Nokomis . OPNOKOMISI caer cetees Montgomery.........
PASEO COI de clei See celee: 00] CANN Pat) Acco WisnanParkesdesse ce ITOQUOIN ene tet eee
pele EU TGUAE Bosses (eel .ore ote ove Ottervillevss.o.) se Otterville... SOUBENi to. Pksaes cones
Pac. Gillette. *s....- ‘|Jacksonville. ........|Jacksonville.. ney WLOLGAM crane asa saree
R. Poindexter, M. 1p aes Thompsonville... .... Any hempsonville... .|Franklin.
Olid Gy i) eee Sadorise: sec cases Sadoniste. cm aceaees xeric mae arse aac
John Hettel.. Bee Seren LOGE Ws sc gene cera Ottawa: s.c0 lee: LaSalle..
Wm. C. Gillespie... POL SBOE dece Aledo.. Se| PAN (Wonca ngachecodoe Woke) weararemaceadae
M. Kilbury.. Sele eaisece PAVE See Av iteenicc dene eee || VGDIUUNON ere. eee ae
H. G: Savage. Bete ash tios ws 0/5 Chitacots. eee ee Chicac owas) ie | COOK vac nanoceneees.
Quincy Burgessor Reieis canlanie nie Clayton A)CVENO NES soceeen areoel CCl heey oeee. 1 cooder
dex, Whitman..../......... Biggsville eed creer Bice svill@zinec. s+ 0 | HOnG@ersons... 20. o5
eV UMA hee ccc cc | IE WO cceee Bene WS SoS CD ak
R. G. Matthews.............|Douglass . sen WO OUCIEE Ve spo coca col (St? ganeeemneaceo merc
M. Lionherger.............. Dallas City. ...|Dallas cre aoe an bese Hancock
John Schoonhoron.......... Hirshman.. .|Ilirshman.. BLOW. ecto seenice
Ne MLGHOTION:. . 2. osencss- Viola . WGI aie emeraciceeccrdiont Mercere cac- eee
J.W. Bailey................|New Haven. Peay ait INOTEIBY@ ity cen ree: WADI Oe yacemreeeeeer rer
PM LVURPIN Chlljec stoves y'cie'ais Wie 6 wists Gilbane ee nacicens Cnlyayoxst vena. ve uaieee Fulton
John McGehee.............. Shawneetown ./Shawneetown ....... Gallatin 3 atavesel oon
F. McGehee... P siia tes Jee SS Bane NO Se ean Haste
W. M. Schnalelins.......... Obit) 4 1th 2) Hiffingham:........... Effingham ...........
Peter Schurrom. ...|Brownstown,........|Brownstown.........|Fayette ..............
Essex Payn..... .|Woodlawn...........|) Woodlawn........... Jetfersonesses-eeeaee

John Noal..
Willie Williams...

Shumway

elit ee ae eee tec

L. F. Tate.. + ++++++--|Beancoup..

Robert Alldridgor.. 4 Soo Hee HAG) bee me ema bckck:
Ge 023 Salem. Paso ackece
Alvin Schribe. . TENS DAMs. sucess ce
Caroline P. Keeler.......... ONiCaro Teecen lisse.
pe INE BLED et cai tetce sons ores US

Florence Keeler... as

Mic Vie MUD en2ts esicc.cc 5 Cuba. ieccce soc veh eee
R. D. Gould. Secor

John G. Pettigrow. ema cries Ellery

W.W. Wood.. Secor

‘T. K. Phipps.. ....|reeden eee
Dan O. Leroy... ee |Renanlt..o.5. <.

Wm. Messmann .
S$. O. Storms ....

Geo. M. Stubblefield....... MCLEENIS, 3. ncn. tac NICO RN cceet ects ate

Chas- Breidicker............|Columbia.,..........|Columbia............
John Weissenstein. ........ os sforeers oor teraa se Dae De
PARA OD ee eee rere eISAT NDT + sone cee eree:| DALMMAT cc. ce outs <ce >
sas, Olbieary, 20.02.2522, 6c.| New Doriasion ....:.. Barksvilles 20.0 .occus
Tels OAASME ON Ge peneecpclsecrae | MAT chaX:9 Ge 00 Eeeaae geese Punneleille ee ae
PEON GANG. cans ot a Scie cee IROVMOIO. c.c.o0 oesoc0/EMOV DOIG: < cscs cm are oe
WRC OnL OUI sacle ese b seo StCNALION...., .. casa DUM RADIOS! wee -jaere 4
WO kNWane'.) 5.08500 ae SPARRO WSs oo c-cicce IRALKOY corctorn ascin ainvcehecals
W. Light.. sete PERL eoykes sic) eters ee = chs PPE Oy eaee seen: cares
T. L. Block. ...|Sidney.. .. Sidney. ieee |
W. F. Crawford . .|Tay lor Ridge . nate iiss /Tavlor Ridge Sette at
W. G. Culbertson. . .|Mays Station........ ‘Mays Station .......

B. G. Henry.
Henry S. Shrigley .

.|Decatur .

Eyee | PHACLOLUC. Sane celecicier sls
SRC moude. nencieres

NOME aro ortrstcays tae

@ab ase ems sevcedeais
PEM SC COTM rae er acces
SPO Vy See tae corer oe
Peet SOCOL Aasawelat caer sce

.. |\Jersevville..........
RENAUD cheek ale

Shumway............

ee

MAGORUA aoe eee eee
Richmond soc secdesks

Decatur . ae
ISAO Ce nee er

Effingham.

MiOlattee a tecuensaes tes Clay.. Beatles

Beaucoup . |W ashington. Sec mete

ROL ene. sjiaccfeis s plebiacas = Glavine sa atcecemenae

Salem Marion<<.. <f sebsc ss

Effingham.. Effingham ...........

Chicavo.. LOfeys) RJemmotacan aomOoe
oe

Hulton ase ose eaet ees
Wioodfordi)...sscsse
RidWards: ...cccs scenes
Woodford
Jersey

GChamypalone 2 oee:
Meblenryy yess ene.

a MGM ean aa. tree ans

MOnTOGis caer ces
ee

Wayne ..
MONTOO sees co ae --
UCI UE GER Ae sien

Rock Islands... 22:
RANG) sy. cers one wtele =e
Boone

Champaign.........
ROCh islands. saute: - -
ER re hs rn tee

SPVUACON:, losses nna ates
DNLAUTIO TI ee) octet etree, 6's

SESESSESSESESESSSEEN

re)

s&

56

Carp Distribution—Continued.

Name.

Post O

ftice.

Express Office.

County.

‘A
°

E. W. Vance.. SO omar
Benjamin B. Sitinini sere ches
GeO FE sS DIM op teen
Clements Heinzmann ......
Jip As CHAMINGBBS,.c.c6 cee os
Wid CRVWIS UD Ee cies was canoe
G.D. Aldrid..
Edgar Lewis..
M. Seinn.

R. J. McElrath.
G. A. Schneider...
INGIRODONGI neice cee cree ete:
Ve WWTTAKOr: o.-2.010. ce noe
PARSE ODLOCK oc o.)s, ness ccles
dacob Zimmerman..........
PMG EMT KNOTSE « o seswe socetels
Cui BiCKerdiKe...\....00 .s<%s
Wm. Hansemun .,...........
James Johnson. ...........-
VeCnTY BIAMKE «cere. cscs cece
Soukve Winhittaker. ... ccc cece >
Wir GEnMane .ccieel, ewes
Pn ELe I STAVENA. cen ccleioente
Wine shaker ssi. ccceeter oe
Adam Storger ..
Geo: Goetting wea. eee
Same CNTY, Frcs oe octet eee
12003 A hd ib leaeaareroricd ote
Cyl eMantin' 5: Jicaoceuccess
Wires Martins...) pecetaece
Sond RPS 5 Goeges oes
eae WMartin...o.\srsscoececes
Wot. dlenkingi.%-<4ceemtestes
TigraeliKline scenes ecrene
BiAL RING... ss seaesecteoes
Geom b lines se. cantons te
AM, BOLING 2.25 cocnsciesicobrebe
dobm G. Kilmme! <tacce,-cseiaee
BSH WKCMNGs serteeceieacee en
BYR SO ISIING.., bec orecusjemernatoete
Wise ICING c6 isco cccsels
ROS RSIEM OU SE oy.) pecs covets
PARISI: core. oGceye oe saeecieoeiar
DOPING. Si. 3 rcceatestonten
dane) s MEIN). Sas ce. coos eclceee
(Couto Sl ha oop co osba coor On
Frank Wicks.
George WICKS! <./s-csse eens
Lulie Wicks a jafslests aneietareie sree
SWivldie Wicks) tie es. aces
OUMEWHEKS' ave cae ealeleroneete
NGETTIIS WICKS A eae savant eels
PAUTCAIWUGCKA Saci.ce se cietentesee
ELABEVRVRIOK Bit. reine ae
Thomas McDonald. ........
lalsiGiets: GEO ia Sagoo cocodabs
ALO MTINE HOLL cree ote vc seveurmente
AM. MOLG..cctsicesiansreasetiea ae
AGN Hiss COUN Goan te tomeneietas
PANLOSH LOM UZ echicicctsciesieninent
SOMME VIC ETUC men coerce
GEDWAMCBHdese ccc. pacman
TER TVASGLDELU te ccicies ctecn ieee
Garrett V. Miller.
8S. T. Jennings
A. 1. Miller. :
Cy TZIS AnvMans oaiiecc ceelees
Jackson Marst

eehies SEU retest ercisiat aiscactne

Wit OOD Des sarc cc eusseteemens
Geo. Parks.
R. D. Grigg. . Goch onemnseits
EK. Nailing Renae sehen cmetiins
SICANMBARNES Sc. vl ccskes- code
Hi WeGe@Mann 6.6. 06 th ceases
DRARAS TE MCLIEN dutarson cen chica

.|Mattoon
ae

Tower Hill

Millersville

Carlyle ....
Summervill

Cisna Park

ee
ee
ee

Girard. .

ee
ee
ee
ee
ee
es
oe
“sé
oe
be

be
ee
“ee
te
ae
ee
oe

Ellis Grove..
Ashley

Edgew ood.
Grantfork.
Samoth. .

oe

White Hall .
eee

White Hall

Ellis Grove
Elliott. .

New Design
Colchester...........
PALA enshacent sce

a re nee
Sisifues .p aeeose
MEAYION. 9 30s 7 peo ene
Woodlawn

sep EAILASIGLs S15) sratmy gtatsten
..|Harrisburg
pe | CASPEL vas ote te
..|Harrisburg
.|Teutopolis

= | MairiOlde <a 0 esr
Nashville: saneeoseene
Nifamontcesa cosas.
Sandoval sea secaee

Gentral Cityirs sx...
Centraliay enemas:

8

Altamont.) sccas esse

Roseyalle : iin. dona st

Biggsville. 522 52ete.
ee

Woodstock . Sabi:

. |Casper

. |Teutopolis
WLOMER EMM coon oeeeate
Mairieldie S38 st

MattoonsActss on
ee

ee

SHAtHHC Pa) 558 eos
Marion... ncpsseeoos
Woodlawn ics 3.
lee Bed etonsvdtoctats

arrisburg ..........

Harrisburg ..

Nashville. 325 s.1s sas.
MltAMmMOnteossc. ve eee
Sandoval ..........
Millersville..........
Central City.........
Céntraliat. 65.20 3.
Carlyle. cat. csceenbewes
Suinmerville
New ie ai
Colchester. .
Sparta. .

Cisna Park..........
Altamont +022 cecues
Roseville

ee

..|Marion

yon |McDonong
.-.| Randolph .

.|Henderson
oe

, |Colest: S225 2s6eeeaee
ee

“ee
Clinton... .: i. cowseee
| Wiiliamson a: Fi caine
|\Jefferson ......
|Pulaski

Saline. pe aerate 2
Washington. » maria
|Saline peer. 2

Effingham. ..

‘Washington. onset
Effingham. . Bates
‘Christian .- : : — =
Marion

: ee

|Iroquois. RRR
|Effingham. ..........
| Warren... <2. cece

“ec
ve
ee

.|Girard. . +) «es'se0 | MACOUpIN: an seoeee
Woodstock . Soe McHenry eee ee
ek). eceeen Aeae 5 BES
f Ena ee eee es a
tet nee es
cc Base sees ae
ee ee
be aaeaese es Hs
ee ee
ve ok ae eewemee oi
BE nate tenes f
eae BE sateen

MOLBE, side cries, ab roca
J(Masone..o:.

WOT. vies coc ceo mntae

AILERON aie een cerned
oe

ves Edgewood. ..........
D Grantionkce cea acc

ASHIOYys senecsuote

Mattoon.) (os seneeeee
Mound station
.|Rose, .

+ (Gr reennel Qorcevau. euce
Kankakee is cece

‘|White Hall

Mattoon. ee
Mound Station . etccas
DOMAINS woes cnn ce ce

Roodhouse
ee

White Hall

Kankakee. ..........
Ellis Grove..........

Z:cfete aoe Reb ORGcelehteasteni ates
LaGrange cc tenses
IROBEH Sacmcnnenals we

WASPAN Beer cs er een
St) Marya os sis esn cs

Greenfieldecccc<s cc cet"

Fayette. :i2. aoa
Macon’: 5c pose eee
ee

ee es

ee ee

oe ae

ee ee

ee ee

ee se
Chester |Randolph. ..
Ashley |Washington. ........
Carman . Henderson ;

wet ween

|Effingham. ........-.
‘Madison. . inca cena

ANAC 1 Se UCR aie eee |\J ohNGON. ...seese meee
ee ae
Ash.ey. ..|Washington. ........

.«|Coles.. 5c 2uncembeeee
‘Brown

[roquois. ... aT
IGreene «.. <i .wens eee

we

Kankakee. ..dacees
Randolph. ..........
Fords

COOK vi nvnece eee
\Iroquois.......

2S BG BS BS 9S Bs Bs 8 Bs Bs BBE RE URES SSS YS ESS SSS SS SYS SSSSSBSSYSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

i i

“upajlp SnUuobaLog

‘DNIVUAH AAV ‘OOSIO AHL

o
57
Carp Distribution—Continued.
Name. Post* Office. Express Office. County. No.
IVR @AVIAULIY . os cic cers ut else we IDGEBRUUT i eealscle om aree elem ld aes eee MC OT ica nieciisisy cates 20
Quintas Richard ...| Winslow ............|Lena . seeeeeeee+. | Stephenson 20
Lyman Quick. . Ti2l|/Marshall 1222222221: |Marshall ; Lan Kinte<sclsnre 2
George aldwin .......-...-|Trenton ............./Trenton Knox. 20
S. Bardell & Son. patea|| ERO LAT Cy were arene eee Highland Grundy 20
Hon. H. Clark.. eA atROOUs. «fone: co as Mattoon WOlEB i s2.. Perales. 20
Piea Phineg......-. 1.0040. USI eI SD heescr adits vere | MUL CLO Mvctecfctieievend erste’? DIUITIG aysioteiel arhacsiste, vistas 20
Josua Lindahl ............./Rock Island .........|Rock Island......... Rock Island) <....:.- 20
Ree MGCHGl: oo eics ceweece (COPING Sa ctsyefats, om eaters Thompsonville GCAO Williamson ......... 20
PPEMICCHOM cine cciceccevsees us awaisijucmercs Cee tes St BE arn CoN ea. cece’: 20
US AMIGCHON oo inc wrnca'stes’s os Sit sloemaiaeine BS maces SPIGANY Bal Sciaioletis’e 20
Bere MIL CCHGNI fcnic's races cfs'es sins Ot SR ae aae ae siF eter CO ite succor 20
UM MATCHOL ccccsnecs vec. be e sure estes ut Seihae Oey RSet ae asene 20
IRE SERGE ee cta sales ce ecias.cie Lliopolis .. Wate ausemias Di Wopolisiies sem aenocte- Si a S002 Ho 20
J.W Jaq as aoa Mt. Carmel.......... Mt. Carmel) ......0.5 Wabash . 20:
Geo. Schimachiers Rereietereciels Cobereic (isso de-isme Cobrey Ford.. Aocociace 20
J. W. Utt PO BO SCOROe Roodhouse . .|Roodhouse Grseneimeei es cases 20
Willis Marshall ............ ve : ¥s 20:
Samantha F. Marshall...... ere Ol Bt 20
BRITGS STOW) aelcic ties sieeve Moxtanticecw. waaeanion ostantsecceneostee eg | ASA Onae secere caer 20
Chas. EH. Bishop............|Charleston .......... Charleston ......¢... Wolesaecneseemels 20
a ION ALOU ciscrcec nensise Mentopolisis..ce.ccee Mentopolisises seers Effingham .,.......- 20
Wm. Kimkle.. PAL OLPIB tose ic cia cceuianee OLTIS ae crs cciclensekeetae Han CoCks scene ees 20
John Daner.. Baar fener ie seme WiGTINE, Veseie tee noel Ue OUMBOL 1. ae stecitel-1s 20
W.B. Donaghy, ‘Jr... “rit Wey Gage Best eee orc Se) aU eee baie oF sbehd delegates 20
J. L. Roberts | Sa enieee | COrmth'. een COLINtN masa seein | WALLA SON ea eetere os 20
J. N: Strickland .. Boris Greenfield .. (44 |Greentiel divaccnccesien| GECODG).-ceteeceestes 20
Jane Lyle «0... esse. ves: Baca DOnSOE 2 a Teka | Me enoac coors: 20
S. Melvin. . Bd cravasyacte cial ae pasar us Some stects RS is oe 20:
J. W. Snyder. nie ee a easepleencle te Hunt City . ....|Hunt City . Ee ce eeane VABPEL os een acenes 20
R.T. Robley.. c ..|Carlinville ......... Carlinville .......... Maconpim ccc asieieie- 20
S. L. Johnson.. SUMTATON OOo scl e aie is cla se NANOS Ose seensey als McHenry .. 20
David Huntley... ; Coberg . Peaster tare Coberg patentee eciteterats IONGesee a vetetere 20
Herman Knobslock......... Nashvilie.. recs Nashville........-..: Washington Re 20
Wm. Hunseman............|Central City... Sfarios caine Central ci apa boso. Glintons= so-so 20
James Johnson............. Centralia . slstere late Centralia . Bt dele Ol MLATLOMD ctavare js ateres eis steer 20
POEM EN, irc, o5 ones os, <05 wie atest Rare reels e luelt fo teeaenteiratartters 20
DeBTKGll ss ..cke, (Walnut Hill. sce. Walnut Hii ae 20
EPOMIT VERA Y Mon feet cites ciersie)s jo(e!] LW ONLUL. in cia ace oictojaiatejsiers ROR Ue cle tota Minn eb. womaseh te eeeee 20
Jacob Ramsey . Seed as Oh alc « Galitiay ich beeeese Gilsitise a aecaves cee oar onl, Pcsitastanrtonee 20
John T. Mosely ............ WHOM Ay S255 sieee eee Viennay .co.(556 02st JONNEOU Se eeaseesee es 20
MAS MLOSCIVA case eo cekeses: HC OW eek doprsaeraees SOM Pee cats cle boston ct DORA e aetot 20
W. T. Gurrey.. een LUO POMBE peace selec] MILLODOILBISS ee. eee 3s PANO ANON. \. 20°
B. Nussbaum....... 0.0.00. Matteson ss celeciaere ates] | MEATEOSON' cls.\cete.s is7010 Cook . alas eictaale's 20
Albert Seibert .............. NSD YS cae aenectte INE Gye mach aa ciects Washington ae eens 20
J. F. Overstake. . 5 i i ...|Saline. Laos ate 20
iMenry.G. Seibert...<.. cc... .. |W ashington a fe 20
Ge P. EA ee E|Pernyeeneeseecs 20
Wm. Stevenson.. Sostys Pe gels sweeten SCOlu aromas acters 20
Ira Tyler.. eta eee huchield).:*s 322 sean Richfield . Ay A AGAMIS) econ ccaetse 20
Wm. 0 Trotter. . Gas Meter ut Saseteatnde aces cate cniemele UE ys De trae ste ne 20
D. A. Sheretz.. Be ws Ber San ee ee Siatarion Baan eee Oe Williamson.......... 20
PE GUNEl ders oooh cc2..2. «90. (bASAlle. ci. ccecsiees. WaGalloscncfrecsaiee ss TaSalle’sGoeseeeesccs 20
CHAS SVanehN so.. toes es NEN S LO Warnaete cece ne MCDA eae ceases snl SLOP HENSON eas caecr. 20
Thos. M. McDonald ........ Ellis Grove.......... Chester. . Sere ee) Randolph ncaa ema x0
BethN- Griswold... .2......| White Hall...) ... 5. White Hall. Ss sete Greenenas eccaseee 20
Etta Griswold .......... 00. ot OTe aE pieeeT? SEMI RY Be horton conan: 20
Jad. Hitzeerrell......-..... |Hitzgerrell -......... Pitzgerrel Sokdocésae Jefferson ............ 20:
J.T. Ainsworth ............|/Rantoul Rantoul.. seb terse |ODADMP Al Dale ece soe 20
Wid MOOplin oer: a. 0.5 cee snPAbtIal. cccase cee sooo | Attila), ovate sc WW illdamiaant ee eccaes 20
EW OPIN PEL ews as cls. ..|Laclede...... Ptnclederta, ees Payettess..s.0s2- <0 20
Wedmayer Bros. Sere | WARSI ee cee snacks | WARP AMIS ore Cass .. 20
S. Moon .......... +++ +0«-|Richtield . Rosalia ee eee pe tee Bear nets s 20
Marcus A. Farrell .......... Chicago .............|Chicago . SOEs uae ame tions 20
Otto H. Henderson ......... VANE nee peice medio Virginia . Ua aes | CARBS Pecranee sent tote 20
aed Plasters),....<.c0..e..2| West End ............\Weat End ......,....|Saline...........0.2- 20
PAD Dien on oerassetes se aD KAI, (60.2 cc.a os MATEKDAM). coo: cect MOTPAaN cece cesceiees 20
MEM OrSC esa cottons eINLGNGOD «cess doce cece Mendonirccaetss oo (AGAMB Cs cnmeaicw es sixes 20
HSPN SCAG PONGA Lc o> wacares cfc ISIN VIEW > o<ccccies <0 PYAR VIG Wis cetcatancsees | WEACOMD Ulises cis) aw cee 20
O. A. Snedecker ............ on B caeatntaies ou sedate’ ae e 20
Wm. F. Pattereon .......... ‘ Woae nh oaaelas he Reco chitioe ce 20
Stephen Campbell .......... aS Hisekte ceiaetad GC SR nee se 20
J URS GUET A: ee at ae aataou seas eh Seacrest cree oe Bee caeh 20
A aa etowreta wets REOLONG soe eee sna PGCOLONG tee caen seers al Wd ise Boec tion Sate as 20
L. Nicolai . Sree ae | Camp Points -t<ce5< Camp Point ......... Adams ..... 20-

32 1 9 19 1 18 18 1S WSLS SSS SESS SYS LS ESSSPSYSVsSSSVSSSSyE

58
Carp Distribution— Continued.
Name. | Post Office. Express Office. County.
M. W. Skean.. 3 ) \erairie City 2.4:... <> |Prairie Cl sacs cae McDonough .........
Samuel C, Donaldson. . + .|Bloomington ........ |Bloomington so eces »-| MCLEAN’ copes eee ee
Van L. Hampton . .|Celchester .........: \Colchester. . .|McDonongh ....,....
DACP WARGH. oe ces saeeene | MLOLLISD: oo. s/2neep ee | Mortars tbe e eee. Grundy.., 2c7eusr ones
ASO. Berselll.:.27..252foneees| Ook Lsland... -.|Rock Island......... Rock Island.
JObnREddenIS: 26. <- voce + e0 | SCCOL en vucees IS@COF™... 21.00 eee oa .. | WOOGLORG pupae
Alex Baird.........,.. 000... [Carthage -...0. coc. ee a rag SOS Hines eee
N. C. Marsh...... Waukegan.. .. |W: ar a ....| Lake . 5
ERED. SAG WOOR cesieetecien act « Elliott...............|Kiliott. ses |ord.< ee
G. Ziebold & Son........... Red Bub ....|Red Bis oo Secs Rani ange
AS: Millom. oa -ttscccs ceo | be Marys .. |St Marys.. MAS AS are \[roquois.. Pyude ae
HH. Batherton.....-:.-..- Cisco . 3 Far|| CIRC Ome wen acied casas vee [Piatt ...cicuseueeaen
Warts Hig Cie Me sucevesic sels states Oliver. wes see. |Oliver.. b astet nd yo UOC
James M. Hunter. . .|Elkhart City. SeM ieee Elkhart City. »secee.+ | LOPS... pape eee
Fay AVES BICOL o ctsye rare) sel teietniat cers Roodhouse Pareufaatnsice Roodhouse Greene
IMTS Him ENCE crete eveuere setae oll ae Smo ese ie eatets es S.
G. E. Bundy.. Seber ace TE Gee socio: oe ae es
LGM ye ELUNE. ce naies seis siete Hy tee Laslaeteree se .y OC 4 Rneels see
Mirsi Hib aldwitl. sccen sector ie any Reptnedio eon ee wee me LE Sere
E. Howard.. ee Mower Hille ecee. Tower Hill ..........|Shelby Sa
Geo, Schumacher. .......... CODSESS scc\sneeeeec tected Cobern 3 22a. Ford: ...02:ssasseheeme
J. B. ee M. D......./Mt. Auburn | Mt. Auburn). *<.. 72. |Ciristiages-eseeeees
Cown James.. NE =|SClOt. pee onset eee re. SGLOLAS).. Scie. ceree tas McDonough nee eaeas
A.S. Freeland.. a Dalton Cibyeaaeeen ee Dalton City..........|Moultrie .
RRS COMLG Ariem ciemerehsmtaas a | COR ac ese eter pacteray ele nie Diona.. Coles
A. Corer & Sons selene Jao) whahayed WIS PORE Aa ae Tunnel Hill. ........ Johnson
Charles E. Zeigler.......:.. Cowdens;.; cpr ee. Cowden.. si bept ed [SROIDY cous shame ones
Geo. E. Corey.. a .|Murphysboro........ Murphy sboro.....-.. Jacksow. j..nceeeeed
John A. Henry, oi eke ht Decaturins.5.6.. ses es | DCGA tT tude tae aet Macon awe
Mirs- Mi.vAS, Blenry.se cece es ee SOY ee areoeeee ae eee, ver be qs
Miss Mollie Henry pee om mio ms serene eet Cas sa ae aie Or re a a
acob Ge Maillerisescecee nied cat WOLDIS secs ce cee Mt. Morris Ogle... c.. eee
Pe Wir Our C kere pmnsckrecteetes) | ONAN C) onc ere eele ers Morainereoees .-||[ Hancock: 2c. suena
Wm. Neimeyer............- Mite Olivera cele vee Mt. Olive.. . |Macoupinices eo eaenes
‘George M. Blair>........... BATLYe ee eer ee eo Dalry. i. «| Pike. .52 ecateeeeeee
A. Coon & Sons. . “TIDE |tannel Will 22.22.75. |Tunnel Bill.“ .. 1), |Folmnonusecoeewaees
CiC: Breckenridge... BOLD Vemerian oo Sa Ao Aso) BOLL Me actin eemua ere Sangamon ...........
VED AY Hin Se oyerelel eee es IVET STIS sessions sie cierare /| MACIDD Aine sateleracina cates JONNSOD. sn. cones
D. W. Maple Canton os 9|Canton..25.% sis sr cee =| MULLOM fecemat sectenn
THEW ardnensyciv..aetetes nes Anna JANN. .o0coscon cet coe | UMIOD Eee snnaae nate
D. R. Lewis a Oe We Berea te cce ace SS" diwenetaek omene
Mary C IBONCK etme onesies ates Milton .|PittSiield:..c. 3. ot..c .-|/ PI KG 0 ~ seca eee
BIRSNIN,< ELLA orc ocho ceeceaereeer eats 4 =| ae tee Ire se
ln Coxe Warder =) cetesseeees WVirden..:....c..¢.2. ¢|/Macoupimiges- ce eeeee
Mrs. S. A. Sargent. Windsor . | Windsor. :.0...s2tc,e<| S DOLD Ysa oe eee
W. W. Bristow... Ginardh pages seein <: | Girard saeecce: <o.<| MSeo nee
G.W Stoner. isos soos |aaPTace ae ee EPL Cer sy ccce aecee oe lua ae
Martin & Cochran.......... MZ ONE ES aetetteleeistester Mazon.. : at (Grundy bcc ee oe
Ve Br AVViainen: el 4 tence SSULE GIL» GLOMG eer tere Stirrup Grove. ...... M: ACOUPIN : 2.0.2) Heese
Rete Wall ke ase cence riers | RODIN OTe orate hives Robinson. u.o+e | Crawiord 6. oscuanemee
CU, Mairtin ec 5. cotewise | MUaZOMorepreaies: cieicts elsicle Mazon. .2..0...0.....<|/ GTUDGy- eee
dos jee] heel eeled ayn nono oh bate Goldeniieatccenseed Golden:........... 5. | AGams SS eeeeee
JOHNEROPUCGMSI-ne cece Prairie Home........) Bethany. esos «| MOUTENGcosccupemenen
Mins: Prices. es heee e. Elizabethtown....... | Eliz: abethtow Rages. t |Hardint <<. co aneneee
James Ferrill. . SeQnduE hal Sat Tp Boe be 56 [ins
James Wetherington. Mee AON ae Weeks ie ee Sea Lae
UN ozs MVENEN oni oS ooten esas ooo SS aa, CM Sscteios Oe A ge ok oe | SC (OR roe sereeeae
Judge Tyer. iiGayvenun ROCkK«a.aee.s Cave in Bock........| \* | (ghee ee
Henry Rittenhouse. . Sol ah Wiese ek s Er
Jerry Simmonds.. a eaetee ESS SO fageise te Ue Ay ck ta ee ‘. ) Ue Sees
Joseph Masons... ..sse. ses: ne he, WT xo Pence | $*.. [eo
Dick Frailev.. S| Pe Ameteeete coe a its ete CO. Slee eee emi ee
Ambrose Riley sttionh We seedy ne “eile Nk net oe ici og C6... Sid wepeleniea
DROSS IWOCRE he cross crasreetew.e: | OSUAMU con peeonten cele hoSthntta-ec. seers LaSalle <.cmeeuwe oetee
IBMIRGCMIEL Ws ssiccedeatities tree Trenton... c.0ccec see | DRENtOD). coi sien vans e [See CLAY eee
eM. Hoblit.c.... oo.c 000. 0 [Aantal occ. Soe, tlantar on. cos i.e... | DOsank co eeeernne ws
James Dunwiddie........... Arcadia cist treccc ARCAGIA cas. Shocks dose | SOE Ece Jesuits bem
IM Harley... descse sheets McLean....-.......-.|McLean... -.| McLean. . tr
Prosper Morrison........... Maquon. .... ........|/Maquon.,. . -, (RMOX <. 70 se seeeeeen
aJOlin) HerenSOni..... cess Mendota.............|Mendota. . «|LaSalle. .sccecume
AW ity Ee ELGG Sa etctocin s arcie ae Gillespie, Gus\icee ates Gillespie... ‘ Macoupin.....ct.en ses
W. B. lonaghy, Sr. ........ ViEniIa ihe cs ees WIEN Bs oitrexie we acne JONDSOM ecekecck eeee
W.B. Donaghy, Jr........ eat Oy Mee mem nT eS 25.5 SI eee die bk «ak feete
Mark Hankins.............. re Sot tice ep aen Aeey 3 ee aS a0 ee
DV COGKOL nisuntacen poses Creal Springs ..... -|Creal Spynes Raiden |Williamson.....s..+«
Allen Hainlins. ............jArrington.........../Atlanta.. wAc sees [UO PEN Go. uence

‘snsoqquh suuodaT

‘HSIANAS UO GHNS-NIMdWOd AHL

= 7 : “5 " Po, ® >

Name.

59

Carp Distribution—Continued.

Post Office.

| Express Oftiee.

County.

Edwin Henderson
Mrs M. J. Girler .
iW. Ht. Herrington ..
August Haeke .

C. Caffery..

- Geo. Franck.
C. Bensene
Julius Bicknell
G. W. Witherell

SEVIER] OB Ui ccteeciasieistr ses 0
DUMBER LAL Meters cies aiplc-cha'sta:aye's> ais

A. Lynch .
James T. Kipler ..
Martin Neff..
Wm. K. Bundy .
Thos. Cole..
Danl. Meacely ..

PIDECHEMI ere cceta.e

-|C arlinville . ey zs

Woo GLAD A Seen dedeaders
LT ESL?) 2 eee

Beaten sans Fs napa oa Dem c.o8.
SSI aeadeeebarst he
as

John H. Kagy .
Lewis H. Kagy. .
J.T. Henry..
L. C. Barton..
K.
Dr.

D. B. Girdley.......

James M. White........ ...|Farmersville .
Hdwin Schmidt. ............
Heed FIGAGIOY.. <0 cies ows os

SILO. Be SPIEL eo sc se eens es

Ne Vu ae lee
RNOMEMLULE ICs em cance crcs.n4's:
PTI TOR. jeesic os/eaee00isia0

ERG IOURTATIEGS. o 5 cctation’s ovesiys

RIPE ERATONOCL es sores ters vi00.0s

F.S. Obert
Henry C. Brown

INIA TODAS cS cerca cles s'e\es

SECT Dee CES? ope creas

J. H. Obert

4. Creal

1 Lg (ORCI Ee Sees

Geo: W. Gesking ........2..

Greenfield............

Lanark .

- ALIN Bia eae re eoraeess

Almas. sc cuacsnan eee
@entralitarcsostrtecctes
ae

ee

S| LEVIN TOMS seis) «ele ete
ee

Quincy
ee

Virginia .

see ee eee eee

Bensonville .........
Lakewood ...........
NW eA NA Aes oco onc Oe
(Mripolimoe sonsse nce.
Stonev Horde. wanes
Carpenter 2.2 s6<0.0550
Nashville a /ccjecisisie
\Smithton ............
Bloomington ........
Carpenter’. 5.00...) -\2-
Creal Springs Sere seve

Ingraham ...

Quincy
ee

LV irginia . ae

aes

|
Greenfield............

t | Wecwton se cstec cata.
_|Lanark .

ake Sor Carlinville .
Rion elects J MNOd BL Henderson ...
SpeMMODAPIB.. 2... feces. cee
Ue ONIMAN'. 66 cs cece ees
Theo. Schroeder ..........+:
MUM ERED ATTIRE, ccs woes os os ve

Gentralia. secs see; <t

PAINS cero ce neeiccne sewn

VASTIa 1 Rtas Nererne ere te

Centralia one % notes.
se

ee
Salémis. cee cones
wk wee

MrVvVINCtOD enn sses-te x
ee

Farmersville.........

Bensonville .........
Lakewood ..........
Mite Zin Cowie. outs «
Tripoli
Stone HORE wai cece o's
Garpenten’. <2 ...--.--
INST. ® 5 scrcste. <r
Belleville..........
Bloomington
Carpenter . 50
Creal Springs . teristics

AH PEWSDULY <i. oe emere ns Markham............|Jaeksonville ........
M. R. Cavanaugh ........... La Grange...........|La Grange. es ase
E.S Hoffman . EAA SEU llie se sees e a at Shlllwelli: .c5ckot ses
G. J. Eckhoff . Peeeenee| Norwood Park =... <5 Norwood Park ......
Mrs. G J. Eckhoff.......... Shits f Lome f. oe eeu
],. A. Petifish . peta act | MRE O IME. <raleretersie mca Nob da bol Cin rag Sana.
ie le G@harst io... 25... INODIe%S 3.6 BRESe oder INO DIEM shace chaser wae
Per RCO OIUS fh sticlarclascieie.c tckesi| PAILMOLG. tou aeionc coyee Nairtield’..;<. 02s. ts
ME RECUR cs octsa apiea tecim >| ELMS DOLO’ 54.2 oe <0 se ERIM SHOLG! +. peers
TQ UESLCGYST [ER Rn er a La fe ee oe ee

J. A. Reeds . sy a arate os ae ; PS nah Sere oer ats «
cMoenrv cHilsivan........--..|Cam Point’. .:...... Coatsbure.....cese es
Pa VVIIROD (02.2 <'oec, (Red DUG. RedsBugdiac 5 cciwecite

L. F. Pease. vz dsene a [CISCO oes al GinnOis ks 55
Joseph Dugger . eee) real Springs ..---..|/Creal Springs ..
Rey. P. Sebnstin, 0. 8S. F...|Radom.. siewefaeera | FRAGONIL cs osinipiosstentona’s
Hon. E. F. Myorsol ve oaitrae Carbondale .......... Carbondale: ... .. <2
Wm. Breumeke. . SINMIGOTAGO: oc ccecce ee HAE EGO ea arcccene
Jacob J. evel. erates erent ce a Geionadieacts
John Yost . age esky sneetes ne As

WAG pM OB bie ahs ore, c.ctiee wathere ance SASS Babe ctnoe wiles of =u Shee
H. K. Taylor... .|Green River ......... Green River ......-..
i. ET. Maricle, 7 U0 es a Ml Shoals).c tc 2 6.0 | MU SHORTS... c.). 5 coe
Crille Loramie. RUT AT Geese oles ere ne Saint Anne..........

BPORNG Dc... ....baeoee

Hopedale ;..%.. stiesn-

Hopedale............

ee | CU Meee Siero cee ctoes
AO Macoupin arate teres

‘|Richland

Greene
Macon..

, North Henderson....|Mercer ..............
..|Frilla.. Sioa hala ators DOLL eter cc ee ok ote, acl DEES a coc'e wis conc % =
WuakeVilla...o2-cane: Dake Villas eeccs oe WAKO. 5.
Benson .. Scive See PHODROD 1.6 case ectee och Woodford ...........
PIANO, site eret cele «wie LIAO) na calesiee sere IKONOALL 4, cowaes
SAMAWICH ccc teaciee SanOwichivessacestace Dewalle, .. ec
Wistertord.s.- sccicane IBURLND LON c.ec eases WHSCOUSIN: cccvelce os
AES eOM CR ALE ovine ton’, «<0 see. Lovington lerewiegtesieo MLOMMUNIG ss, cobs cea as
Breinelemisitiaietess Knoxville............/Knoxyille . .|Knox.
BUTEA OM cer cles cease | RULER Olas na/ecrecaerenres Sangamon. Beew sins
Brookfield ........... Brookfield........... MISHONTMee ng oteiee
.....|New Richmond...... New Richmond...... WHE OTISIN NG > aveler eee
Sap ELUGSMLOLG! sestcn cheater LCUBHOIG) sos. we oar ELKO er ee ccteeene siameroets
De MMRGLELSHULes cp cele. Petersburg .......... MON aid eer cette cee:
; {CONTAIN Sinai iee. cll

Marion s-ocmem ede si
oe

ee
ee
ee
‘6

se
ee

Ww ashin eton .

pOTS one fect
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CRESS etre te, saree cheseners
ee

Montgomery... Fats
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2 Sheliby:s.s b,c sfesisterst

MaAGoni.a. 22 c.ecieeeereer
REOTIS:.< asec ecsnieean
SHINE. okie seetoe ater
NES giSOn Mose. ceens:
Washington

SSC LAT erie deutiontes

Mc eaniheme. srentsesaie

a LARUE OCs) eet ta eteares

Williamson

(MOno all the cecuemecee

I OCOKAacsine sects tees

anGOesn i-mate cence
Cook .

oe Sees
Richland .
Wayne.. ARO Cloace
Douglass . we eree eietucray
et
are . . .
PAG Eee Weacoaonac
Saline; a ese see

oi PARLG cee oo. Na th wedetee ee
«| Willismsones (2070S

Washington .........

DACKRON: Sack cbenee es

Saline
‘

Kankakee ..........-
IDAAOWOLL ¢ a2. ocr sjeisc

20

SSBSSSES

8

BS 4 29 BO 2S 29 20 20 BS 29 28 BS 29 49 20 49 49 29 BS 1 19 19 49 1S 19 19 ISS 1 WINE BORN SONS SESSSESESESSESESE

60

CARP CORRESPONDENCE.

The following are a few of the letters received at our office rel-.
ative to growth and culture of carp:

WATERLOO, ILu., September 29, 1888,
Se P. Bartlett, Quincy, Ill. :

Dear Sir—I take pleasure in sending you a picture of acarp taken from Island pond, during
the summer of 1887, by Mr. L. Miller. Its length is 35 inches, weight 24 lbs. The picture was taken
by Mr. Harry Talbott, of Waterloo. I give you list of fish taken from pond. Fall of 1885, carp shot
by Mr. L. Miller, measuring 31 inches Inlength, weight 16 lbs. Summer of 1887, carp captured by
L. eee length 35 inches, woight2t ibs. it August, 1888, carp 36 inches long, weighing 2444 Ibe.

*

Yours truly,
J. S. SENNOTT, M.D.

NortH HENDERSON, ILu., February 13, 1888. ~
8. P. Barilett:

DeEaR Sir—I received some carp, two years ago last fall, from you. They are doing well. They
have increased so that now thereis a large number in my pond. The old fish weigh something over
four pounds apiece. “ * * * * :

Yours truly,

ALEX. JOUNSON.
RosEvVILLe, Itx., August 27, 1888,
Se P. Bartlett:

Dear Srr—A year ago last spring I received from you some carp. They have madea good
growth, measuring in October fifteen inches in length. When I placed them in the pond they were
about 1% to 2 inches in length. They spawned twice this year. Will the carp be good for the table
by the middle of September?

Yours truly,
(Signed) J. W. COGHILL.

Hamitton, Inx., August 10, 1888.
To S. P. Bartlett:

DEAR Srr—Some two years ago in June,I sent to you for some German carp. Yousent me
some. I put them in my lake, made by water from artesian well (mineral water.) These fish are
alive and about fourteen (14) inches long, and 1] have now over 5,000 young fish much larger than
those you sent me. * * y * * * * = * * * +

Yours truly,
(Signed) T. DODGE.

The following statement has been sent us:

J. G. Figley took a Mirror carp from his pond, Sunday, that measured 28 inches in length, 20
inches aronnd and weighed 11 ]bs. The fish is three years old. One would hardly believe it possible
that a fish could make such a growth and then it is asserted that one is rapable of spawning 50,000
eggs of a season, which shows with what rapidity they multiply. Mr. Figley placed a hundred or so
minnows in the pond three years ago, has sold thousands out of it, and no doubt many more thou-
sands have gone over the dam, still the pond is alive with them, and there are many large ones. He
will probably make a showing of his fish at our fair next fall.

‘snpyyod svuoday

‘HSIANOS GHUVaA-GVOUd FHL

3

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61

SaiB ab gears

ON THE

AQUATIC.LIFE OF ILEINOIS, ‘I.

INTRODUCTION.

The investigation of which the present paper is intended to set
forth in a general way a few of.the results, has for its purpose an
exhibit of the animal life of the waters of Illinois as related to
fish culture primarily, but also and finally in relation to nature at
large. To this end studies have been carried forward on the kinds
and comparative abundance of animals of every description ocecur-
ring in the localities and situations selected for examination, at
different seasons of the year, and under various conditions as to
food, temperature, stage of water, and the like, and as affected by
the general system of relations obtaining among the organisms
themselves. In reporting these studies we shall not confine our-
selves to annotated lists, but expect to enter into the fullest prof-
itable detail with regard to habits, methods of association, and
relations of mutual benefit, rivalry, or injury, and to show how
and to what extent these habits and interactions vary from time
to time with changes of condition.

The present contribution is based on collections and studies made
in the summer of 1888 from the State Laboratory of Natural His-
tory at Champaign, with its apparatus and equipment and princi-
pally at its expense; but they have been greatly aided and facili-
‘tated by the Illinois State Fish Commission, by whom room,
-workmen, boats, and field. assistance were freely furnished for

62

several weeks. The work here reported was limited to the waters
visited by the field parties of the Commission, whose operations
were confined to the neighborhood of Quincy, Illinois.

A second contribution, not yet ready for the press, will contain
an account of the crustacean inhabitants of the waters studied,
and a description of the food, feeding habits, and mutual inter-
actions of the forms of animal life observed, as far as these
may be determined by a study’ of the objects actually eaten by
the specimens contained in our collections. Numerous _ illustra-
tions of the most important elements of the food of fishes, and
of the more interesting and remarkable animals occurring in our
waters, will be given with the later installments of these reports.

Fuller accounts of these researches, with technical details, will
be published from time to time, as heretofore, in the Bulletin of
the State Laboratory of Natural History.

It is hoped also that botanical assistance may hereafter be had
sufficient to enable us to include in future reports an account of
the plant life of these waters,—indispensable to a full understand-
ing of the biological relationships of the animals treated.

S. A. ForBEs,
Director of Laboratory.

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE ANIMALS OF THE Mississipr1 Bor-
TOMS NEAR Quincy, ILLINOIS, In Auetst, 1888. Part I.

By H. Garman, Zoédlogical Assistant.

THE LOCALITY.

The peculiar features of the waters examined while with the
Fish Commission at Quincy are reflected in the character of the
collections taken from them. ‘The locality is not one which would
be selected by the naturalist as likely to yield a great variety of
species. The waters are too much alike and are too much at the
mercy of the Mississippi River for that. It is a locality, however,
that is eminently characteristic of the Mississippi Valley, and one
that is calculated to yield a fauna equally characteristic of certain
influences which the great stream exerts upon its denizens.

The flood-ground of the Mississippi River at Quincey will average
six miles in width from bluff to bluff and extends very nearly
north and south. The river reaches the bluff on the Missouri side
at the village of LaGrange, nine miles northwest of Quincey. From
LaGrange it flows southeast in a direct course to the bluffs upon
which Quincy stands. As this part of the river is but little more
than a mile in width, it will be seen that extensive bottom-lands
must lie on both sides of it between LaGrange and Quincy. On
the Missouri side these bottoms form an extended and continuous
body of land,—all wooded except the upper part, which is known
as Lone Tree Prairie.

63

* It is to the forest bottom-lands on the Illinois side northwest of
Quincey that we wish to call especial attention, since it was upon
them ‘that most of our work with the Fish Commission was
done. Unlike the Lone Tree Prairie region, they are cut up
by channels into numerous separate bodies of land, upon some
of which the water rises in spring, and leaves, as it subsides, num-
bers of lakes and ponds, some permanent, others transient. Op-
posite LaGrange some of these tracts are permanently de-
tached from the main-land and form a group of Jarge forest-
covered islands. Including the channels between these islands, the
river here has the unusual width of nearly three miles. Between
the islands and the bluff is a fertile bottom-land, now protected
from inundation by the Indian Grave levee. From this, the widest
part, the Illinois bottoms become gradually narrower towards
Quincy, just as those of the Missouri side do towards LaGrange,
and terminate in a point known locally as the tow-head. All of
the lower part is without levee protection and is separated from
the neighboring bluff by Quincy Bay, a narrow inlet which opens
to the river at the tow-head, and extends thence northward close
along the bluff for about three miles.

“THE RIVER.

As has been said, the river averages about one mile in width.
While the general course between LaGrange and Quincy is nearly
direct, the low-water channel makes several bends. It runs along
the face of the bluff at LaGrange, then turns southeast, at length
reaching the Illinois side close to the south end of the LaGrange
group of islands, and strikes the [llinois bottom-land about three
miles north of Quincy, cutting down the banks vertically, under-
mining and carrying away the trees, and threatening even to cut
across to the bay. It then turns towards the Missouri side again
and reaches it two miles below. Thence it is deflected towards
Illinois, and passing close along the south end of the tow-head,
follows the bluff along the lowe: part of Quincy. It flows at the
rate of three miles an hour. These bends in the low-water chan-
nel are not specially noticeable to the landsman at high water,
since the river then fills its whole bed. In the latter part of
summer, during most seasons, the water subsides to such an extent
that a good deal of the extensive sand-bar which has accumulated
in each bend becomes exposed, and the river is confined to its
low-water channel. One such bar occurs in the bend west of the
lower end of the Illinois bottom-land and another on the Missouri
side opposite the point at which the current strikes the same bot-
tom-land above.. In the river proper no serious work was attempted,
because of the ‘protracted high water due to heavy falls of rain in
early summer. This was going down when we reached Quincy, in
the latter part of July, and the sand-bars in the bends began to
appear soon after; but in August heavy rains in the northwest
caused a rise which again covered them. This condition of the

64
river had a decided influence on the abundance and variety of ani-
mals, both in the lakes and sloughs and in the river itself. It
will be referred to again.

BEAR CREEK.

This stream winds down through all the northern part of the
[llinois bottom-land, and after giving off several branches to
the Mississippi River on the ‘west, reaches the upper part of
Quincy Bay, into which it formerly opened. At present the build-
ing of the Indian Grave levee across it, a short distance within
this mouth, has closed the outlet, and the only water discharged
into the bay passes through a sluice-gate. The lower part of the
creek is now, therefore, little more thana slough. This was well
filled with water when examined, and a small stream issued from a
break which, during a recent inundation, it had made in the levee.
The banks are steep, as a rule, as would be expected from the
alluvial character of the soil through which the channel is cut.
The shores are commonly wooded, and originally, doubiless, the
whole of the neighboring region was covered with forest. The
bottom is extremely muddy, and from the abundance of snags and
brush lodged in its channel and its stagnant water, it is not
an inviting collecting ground for the naturalist.

BALLARD SLOUGH.

This is a channel which has been cut obliquely across from the
Mississippi River to Bear Creek, reaching the latter about a mile
and a half northwest of the point at which the levee crosses the
creek. Its river end, covered by the levee, is a half mile further
north, and the length of the slough is probably not far from one
and a half miles. It was, when visited, quite shallow and extremely
muddy, and varied greatly in width at different portions, some-
times expanding into pools of considerable extent, and again con-
tracting to fifteen or twenty feet in width. It was not continuous
at this time, and probably during most seasons dries up in great
part before the close of summer.

HARKNESS SLOUGH.

Harkness Slough is a channel which extends almost exactly par-
allel with Ballard Slough, and lies a quarter of a mile further
south. It is very narrow,—not fifty feet across in much of the
lower part of its course; has steep banks; forms some rather deep
pools; and is, like Ballard Slough, extremely muddy. A dense
growth of trees lines its banks. It was continuous as far as fol-
lowed towards the Mississippi River (although greatly reduced
at some points), and, judging from the current, was doubtless
yet connected with the river. Still there can be no doubt that
it commonly dries up largely in summer.

‘snpyjyod siuodayT

‘HASON UWddOO HO HSIANOS GNO'ld FHL

65)

GOOSE I.AKE.

An eighth of a mile south of the outlet of Harkness Slough
into Bear Creek, is a wide opening on the east into Goose Lake,
an open sheet of water, from the shores of which much of the
forest has been removed. It becomes shallower and its bottom
more sandy towards its south end, from which a channel extends
which formerly put it into communication with the bay, three
quarters of a mile below.

LIBBY LAKE.

This name was given me by one of the fishermen for a long, narrow
pool on the west side of Bear Creek about midway between the
outlet of Goose Lake and the Bear Creek sluice-gate. It is not
named on any map at hand. It was in some respects very differ-
ent from any other water in which collections were made. The
water was quite deep, and, for the situation, unusually clear and
cool, and gave promise of a growth of aquatic and sub-aquatic
vegetation at the edges later in the season. It is scantily edged
with willow and button bush and a few other trees and shrubs.

QUINCY BAY.

The four bodies of water just described are within the levee.
Quincy Bay extends from the levee where this reaches the Illinois
bluff (about three miles and a half north of Quincy) directly south-
ward along the foot of the bluff to the tow-head opposite the centre
of the city, at which point it opens to the river. It varies
little in width and will average perhaps a third of a mile. It is little
more than an inlet of the Mississippi containing back-water dur-
ing the latter part of the year, the water in much of it becoming
then very shallow and the current almost disappearing. During the
month spent at Quincy this year, the water did not reach its usual
low stage, and the current due to waters received from Bear Creek,
and the sloughs, creeks, and springs, was sufficient to keep the bay
quite clear of the alee which would otherwise have appeared upon
it. ts bottom is commonly muddy and no promise of other
aquatic vegetation could be seen in it. It is edged with woods
quite continuously on the west, and on the east also there
is some growth of forest where the strip of level soil between
the bay and the bluff gives room for it.

WILLOW SLOUGH.

This narrow channel extends obliquely across from the river to
the bay outside of and parallel with the levee. It enters the bay
about one and two thirds miles above the south end of the tow-
head, and leaves the river a little over four miles north of the
same point. Its length is about two and two thirds miles. At
high water a current from the river sweeps through and reaches

F. C.—5

66

the bay; but at the time 15 was seen but little water ran
out; and in the lower part of its course it consisted of stretches
of water connected by narrow rivulets. Some of the pools were
of considerable depth. The bottom is commonly muddy, but oc-
casional beds of sand occur. -There was no vegetation.

WOOD SLOUGH.

Wood Slough is also a narrow channel extending obliquely
across the lower part of the Illinois bottom-land from river to
bay. It formerly entered the bay opposite the north end of
Quincy, but the building of an embankment for a railroad bridge
eut it off from this outlet so that it now turns west at its lower
end and, running along the embankment, empties into the river
again. Throughout its course it is very nearly parallel with the west
shore of the island, in some cases being only a few rods away from
the river. The river enters it four miles northwest of Quincy,
and a mile and a half below this it breaks through the bank to
the river again, so that at low water its lower part may not be
continuous with the rest. It is perhaps three and a half miles
long,—a narrow, muddy ditch of shallow water, completely devoid
of vegetation, and containing such animals only as are so unfor-
tunate as to be entrapped in it by the subsiding spring floods.

CLAUS LAKE. =

This lake is a small temporary pool in the bottom-land about
one fourth mile east of the north division of Wood Slough. It is
very shallow,—at no place up to the mens’ waists; has the usual
muddy bottom; and lacks vegetation.

DEAD MAN’S SLOUGH.

Dead Man’s Slough is a name applied by the fishing crew to 4
shallow, muddy pool in the woods about a quarter of a mile from
the river above the north end of Wood Slough.

MOSS LAKE.

Moss Lake, on the southern part of Long Island, the largest of
the LaGrange group, is very similar to the last two in general
character, being an isolated pond in the woods. It is, however,
much deeper than they, and its water is cooler and clearer. It is
surrounded by a growth of hickory, elm, sycamore, and grape. Its
length is less than a fourth of a mile, and its width from 150 to
200 feet. No aquatic vegetation was growing in it when it was
seined in August.

LILY LAKE.
Lily Lake is one of a group of three lakes which lie between the

lower end of Wood Slough and Quincey Bay. They have a common
outlet during the fore part of the summer through Wood Slough.

—_ se ee

:
.

Pgh ?
2 ss « ¥ 367

j

“-

Lily Lake is the smallest of the three, and hes only a few rods
from the west shore of the bay. It is an oval pond of shallow
water full of the pads of water chinquepin, and is the only water
from which I collected that contained a growth of vegetation. It
is pretty well protected on the north and west by forest, which
probably prevents to some extent the ravages of overflows.

LONG LAKE.

Long Lake, the second of the group, lies a short distance north-
west of the preceding. It is nearly three quarters of a mile long,
and is a narrow body of rather deep water surrounded by forest.

BROAD LAKE.

West of the lower half of Long Lake is the third lake of the
group. It is broad and shallow, and when visited consisted of a
series of detached pools with sloping bottoms of mud so deep as
to make it extremely difficult to drag a seine.

CEDAR CREEK.

This is a small rapidly flowing creek which comes from the east
and, cutting through the bluff, enters the bay half a mile above
the city limits. At its mouth it has deposited a large bed of al-
luyium through which one sinks to his knees in wading. A short
distance from the bay it becomes rocky, and between the bluffs and
in the upper part of its course flows over almost solid limestone.
When visited, it was moderately low, and in places were shallow
pools connected with each other by narrow reaches along which
the water rushed with considerable speed. The water is quite
clear notwithstanding the sewage which it receives; yet the in-
fluence of the latter is seen in the comparative scarcity of aquatic
life for some distance back of the bluff.

OTHER WATERS.

The only situations other than those described above, in which
collections were made, were a small creek without name just above
Quincy, which is similar to Cedar Creek in every respect except
its smaller size, and a muddy pond near the bluff at the southern
limit of Quincy.

It was from the lakes and sloughs thus briefly described that
the material was obtained upon which this paper is based. Omit-
ting Cedar Creek, the bay, and the river, they have much in
common. All were, or are now, subject to overflow by the Missis-
sippi. Since the Indian Grave levee was built, the waters within
it,—Bear Creek, Harkness and Ballard Sloughs, and Libby Lake,—
have not commonly been subject to inundation,—a fact which ex-
plains certain special features cf the collection taken from them

68 Ss ;

The condition of the pools with reference to the river was not a
usual one. A late rise in the river had flooded them after the ©
spring freshets had subsided, and kept open the communication, —
with the river much longer than would otherwise have been, |
thus helping the large fishes to escape from them after spawning, —
and doubtless carrying away hosts of the smaller organisms which
had appeared in the pools. All have very muddy bottoms. In most,
this mud was nearly knee keep, and made seining very difficult
and disagreeable. In some places deposits of mud were of such
recent origin and were so loose that it was unsafe to venture into
them. Aquatic vegetation was almost wholly lacking. A scant
erowth of filamentous algze was occasionally seen, but in nothing
like the quantities in which it occurs in ordinary stagnant or
quiet water. In Lily Lake alone there was a rank growth of
aquatic vegetation. Here a permanent growth of water lilies
(Nelumbium lutewm) had become established, and to the under
sides of the lily pads was attached a scant growth of filament-
ous alge. This absence of vegetation is directly traceable to
the overflows, since these disturb the bottoms of the pools, dis-
placing the silt in some places, depositing fresh material in others,
and dislodging and carrying away the plants which become estab-
lished during the intervals between floods. The water was not very
deep at this time, but of course varied with the river. It could
be waded in most places by the men. It was deepest in the
larger pools, such as Long and Broad Lakes, and here the tempera-
ture was tolerably constant. In the sloughs, where the water was
shallow, it often became very warm, and during a few days of
unusually high temperature became at the edge of these so hot as
to be scarcely bearable.

ANIMAL LIFE.—_MAMMALS AND BIRDS.

With this sketch of the surroundings we pass to the animals
themselves. Of course mammals were not to be looked for on
land so recently covered with water, and no trace of the presence
of muskrats, even, was noticed. The raccoon, however, is said to
remain on the flooded ground at all times, resorting to the trees,
and probably often fasting, when surrounded by water. These ani-
mals were common about the sloughs, as was shown by the prints of
feet, and doubtless depend to some extent on the fishes and other
animals there crowded together. Fishes thrown upon the shore —
were generally devoured by them before the next morning.
the latter part of August they were plainly depending laftgely on
wild grapes for food.

Birds were at no time abundant. A few kingfishers, a solitary
green heron, or a couple of spotted sandpipers ( Tringoides ma-
cularius), were about all that were commonly seen during a day’s
work. As the season advanced these became a little more abund-
ant from accessions of migrating birds to their numbers. At one
time a flock of about forty white pelicans appeared for the greater
part of a day on the Missouri sand-bar opposite Wood Slough, but

‘afyad snqovoy

MOVE TITIND AHL

. | 69

were driven away by gunners and did not again appear. An
occasional troop. of cormorants was seen, a single blue heron, a
dab chick (Podilymbus podiceps), and two half-grown ducks,
-one of which was brought in by the seine. When the wild
grapes ripened, the bottom-land was invaded by a good many
of the smaller birds which were not often seen there before.
Among these, robins, red-headed woodpeckers, and blue jays
were conspicuous, though I cannot say that the two latter were
attracted by the grapes. One other bird deserves mention as, ~
from the numbers in which it occurs, it must have an import-
ant influence upon the insect life of the waters. Certain parts
of the bluff presented extensive. vertical surfaces of exposed
clay, and bank swallows, in great numbers, had excavated bur-
rows in this for nests. In places these exposed surfaces were honey-
combed with the burrows. During quiet afternoons and evenings
‘the swallows spent a good deal of time skimming the surface of
the water of the neighborhood. Among them was noted occa-
sionally, the white-billed swallow ( Tachycineta bicolor); but most,
seemed to be the bank swallow (Clivicola riparia). There can be
no doubt that the destruction of winged insects from the water by
the hundreds of swallows annually reared in these banks is very
great.

REPTILES.

With one exception, serpents, even of the aquatic kinds, were not
seen. I presume they are not able to maintain themselves on
the bottom-land during inundations. A single Regina leberis was
seen for several days lurking about fish boxes at the head-
quarters of the Fish Commission. The absence of vegetation may
also have had something to do with the absence of serpents, since
they prefer places in which they are not so completely exposed to
observation. The locality was certainly calculated to furnish an
abundance of food to the fish-eating species.

Turtles were present in great numbers. They were especially
common in the more retired pools when these were first visited.
Subsequent visits showed them in diminished numbers, either
from their having migrated, or having learned to avoid the seine
by burrowing in the mud. The egg-laying season was appar-
ently past, so that no opportunity offered for studying the breed-
ing habits of the species. JI am informed that the eggs are some-
times gathered from sandy shores by hundreds, and used as food.

The following brief list includes most of the species of Chelonia
which occur in Illinois. Doubtless some of the other Illinois species
will: also be found here when the locality is more thoroughly
explored.

PAINTED TURTLE (Chrysemys belli, Gray).

This turtle was rather common in the sloughs, but was not
seen elsewhere. Adults are not easily distinguished from the re-
lated C. marginata; but I believe none of the latter occurred in
the sloughs.

Pseudemys elegans, Wied.
Frequent in sloughs.

Pseudemys troostii, Holbrook.

Rare. Three examples from Moss lake, on Long Island, in the
river. A strong, irritable species.

Mup Tortie (Malacoclemmys AJesueuri, Gray ).

Equally common with the next species and much like it in
habit. The two are not discriminated by river men, and are
known to them as mud turtles. Observed in most of the
sloughs and in the river and bay.

Mop Turret (Malacoclemmys geographicus, Lesueur).

This and the preceding species probably constitute more than
half of the turtles which one sees on the partly submerged trunks
of trees and on sunny banks along the river and sloughs. Scores
may be seen on bright days sunning themselves on the edges of
the log rafts in the upper part of the bay. They are not used
as food, though it is sometimes claimed that the flesh is palatable.

ALLIGATOR SnapPER (Macrochelys lacertina, Schw.).

This species is said by fishermen and sportsmen to occur here
occasionally.

Snappina TurTLE (Chelydra serpentina, Linn. ).

Occasional in sloughs and lakes. Those taken were large and
very fat. It is prized as food.

Sort-SHELL TurTLE (Aspidonectes spinifer, Lesueur).

Abundant in river and not uncommon in the sloughs. Fishermen
sell readily those caught in their seines.
Sorr-SHELL TurTLE (Amyda mutica, Lesueur).

Common in the river, but less abundant in sloughs than the pre- .
ceding. Reaches a length of 8 to 10 inches. It is used as food.

AMPHIBIANS.

Amphibians evidently cannot maintain themselves on these bot-
tom-lands. They were very rare; and probably the few seen had
made their way in from the higher land within the levee. A few
half-grown leopard frogs (Rana virescens, Kalm) were taken in
the woods under logs, and at the edges of sloughs. One full
grown example was, taken at the edge of Claus Lake August 10.
A single R. catesbiana, Shaw, was heard within the levee in Bear —
Creek. The cricket frog (Acris gryllus, LeConte) was frequently
seen at the edges of the water, but was by no means common. ‘Two
young toads about half an inch long were taken at the edge of Lily
Lake August 7, and another example 1.25 inch long was taken August
15 at the edge of Willow Slough. The former had probably grown

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71

*

from spawn deposited in the water after the late floods. They
were found on the side of the bottom next the bluff. It may be that a
few adults succeed in avoiding the current on this side and remain
here; but they are certainly rare. Not a single tadpole was noticed
in any of the bottom-land sloughs and lakes; but a few small
tadpoles of toads were noted in shallow pools of Cedar Creek.
All these amphibians were feeding on terrestrial insects,—chiefly
beetles belonging to the families Carabidz, Staphylinide, and
Heteroceridx, together with a small fly, and leaf-hoppers of
the family Jasside. One cricket frog had eaten a single aquatic
larva (the Acilius described below). ‘There was little difference in
the food of the different species from any one locality. Along
Cedar Creek a small black fly, which was common on moist sand,
was eaten largely.

FISHES.

The fishes taken from the sloughs and lakes of the bottom-land
at Quincy, may be placed in three groups: creek fishes, pond or
slough fishes, and river fishes. To the creek fishes belong most of
the minnows, the sand darters, and the common sucker,—altogether
about half as many species as there are in each of the two re-
maining groups. The individuals belonging here were prob-
ably less than one per cent. of those taken from the pools. This
scarcity was due in some measure to the abundance of predaceous
fishes in these waters; but the species of this group taken were
mostly such as are ordinarily found common in small creeks, and
were probably only stragglers from the great body of individuals
which live in such streams. Several of the minnows, however,
deserve to be placed among river fishes as far as fitness for life
in the river is concerned. Such species as Hybopsis amblops,
Notropis atherinoides, N. jejunus, and Hybognathus nuchalis,
though occurring in small streams, generally prove abundant in
our rivers, and are certainly perfectly at home there.

I have considered as pond and slough fishes, such as the bull
pouts, the top minnows, the two pickerels, the two croppies, the
several species of sunfishes, the large-mouthed black bass, and
the ringed perch. The members of this group were commoner in
the sloughs than were those of the preceding group, but were not
as abundant in species or individuals as the next. In the lakes
and sloughs outside the levee, probably these pond fishes did not
constitute more than one fifth of the individuals taken; but inside
the levee they composed one half of those taken in all situa-
tions. Some of them were evidently breeding in these protected
waters, and I do not think any member of the group was doing
so in the sloughs of the lower bottom-land.

The third and largest group includes river fishes, such as the
gars, dogfish, channel cat, morgan cat, shovel fish, buffalo, carp,
several minnows, the Ohio shad, pile perch, striped bass, white
bass, red-spotted sunfish, and the white perch (Aplodinotus).

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12

These fishes must have constituted in the neighborhood of four
fifths of the individuals in the sloughs and lakes outside the
levee. A number of them, notably the hickory shad and the red-
mouthed buffalo, occurred there in prodigious numbers. As a
rule, these species became gradually less and less common as one
went north and away from the river, and accompanying this
diminution in tlie numbers of river fishes was a gradual increase
in the numbers of pond fishes. There was, in fact, an overlapping
of the two groups in the bottom-land, the river fishes being most
abundant in the sloughs near the river, and the pond fishes, within
the levee and to the northward. Still, several river fishes were
very common inside the levee. Evidently not all of the river
fishes taken in the sloughs breed there. Such species as the
morgan catfish (Leptops), the shovel fish, the minnows, and the
red-spotted sunfish (Lepomis humilis) had probably wandered
here from the river during high water and had been confined when
the water became lower. Most of the remaining river fishes had,
I think, been spawned on the flooded bottoms. The abundant young
of gars, buffalo, carp, hickory shad, pike perch, and white bass in
the temporary pools are evidence of this.

FamMIty ScIl#NID&.

SHEEPSHEAD, WHITE Percy (Aplodinotus grunniens, Raf.).

The young of this fish, varying from 2.50 inches to 4.50 inches in
length, were frequent in most of the sloughs and lakes. These are, in
all probability, the young of the season. If smaller ones existed in
the sloughs, they must certainly have been captured in the seine
used by the Fish Commission (a quarter-inch mesh). This species
was more abundant inside the levee than in the pools on the lower
part of the bottom-land, and was especially common in inlets
along the lower part of Bear Creek and in Goose Lake. On a
small sand bar in Bear Creek, at the mouth of Harkness Slough,
more were taken than at any other one place. No specimens
longer than 4.50 inches were taken from the sloughs and pools, so
far as I know. In the bay and river, large ones were very com-
mon; and probably half of the fishes taken during August
with hook-and-line from barges and river banks were of this
species. It seems quite at home in the swiftest current of the
river, and was caught with minnow bait from banks upon which
the current strikes with a force which it would seem no animal
could withstand. The largest example seen would have weighed
about one pound. The local name for the fish is pereh; and it is
considered one of the best of food fishes.

Localities: Ballard Slough, Harkness Slough, Bear Creek, Goose
Lake, Quincy Bay, Claus Lake, Willow Slough, Lily Lake, Broad
Lake, Wood Slough, Mississippi River.

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73

FamMiILty SERRANIDA®.

~Srripep Bass, YeLLow Bass (Morone interrupta, Gill).

*

Young were frequent in certain of the sloughs and lakes, but.
were not seen elsewhere. In the northern part of Broad Lake and in

small isolated pools above it, they were quite common. Examples

preserved vary from 1.75 inch to 4.50 inches in length.

Localities: Ballard Slough, Harkness Slough, Goose Lake, Dead
Man’s Slough, Claus Lake, Willow Slough, Lily Lake, Broad ~
Lake.

Waite Bass, Rock Bass (Roccus chrysops, Raf.).

This fine species was more abundant than the striped bass, and
ranged in a greater variety of situations. I saw it caught from
the swiftest current of the river. Only young ranging from 2.50
to 5 inches in length were found in the sloughs. It was nowhere
common except in the upper part of Broad Lake and in the pools
which had recently been in communication with it.

Localities: Ballard Slough, Bear Creek, Goose Lake, Dead Man’s
Slough, Moss Lake, Willow Slough, Long Lake, Broad Lake, Wood
Slough.

Famity Prercip®. (PERCH.)

Saucer, Jack Satmon (Stzositedion canadense, Smith).

Young frequent in lakes, varying from 3 to 5 inches in length.
No adults seen.

" Loealities: Goose Lake, Claus Lake, Lily Lake, Long Lake, Broad
ake.

WALL-EYED Pike (Stizostedion vitrewm, Mitch. ).

Young frequent in most of the sloughs and lakes; sometimes
abundant. Ranged from 2.50 inches to 6 inches in length. Fre-
quently with large, conspicuous, dusky blotches.

Localities: Harkness Slough, Goose Lake, Willow Slough, ae
Lake, Long Lake, Broad Lake, Wood Slough.

Common Rincep Percu (Perca jlavescens, Mitch. ).

Young ringed perch were occasionally seen in the bottom-land
lakes. Those captured ranged from 2.75 to 3 inches in length.
In Libby Lake, within the levee, these fishes were abundant,—a
fact which was noted with surprise, as they had not hitherto been
found common in the State away from the northern part. Those
taken from this lake differed from the northern lake form in be-
ing rounder; and also especially in color. When taken from the water
they were almost uniformly olive green above, with white belly.
As they died, faint blackish bars gradually appeared. Mr. Bartlett
tells me that he has transplanted perch to this locality,—a fact
ee probably accounts for the abundance of the fish in Libby

ake,

74

Localities: Libby Lake, Dead Man’s Slough, Long Lake, Broad
Lake.

Sanp Darter (Etheostoma jessie, Jor. & Brayt., var. asprigene,

Forbes).

Judging by the number of specimens of this little fish taken, it
is not common here, although parts of Willow Slough are well
-suited to it. Z

Four examples, Willow Slough; one large brightly colored ex-
ample, Broad Lake; one example, Lily Lake.

Sanp Darter (Etheostoma phoxocephalum, Nelson).

~

Occasional in Wood Slough. Excepting a single example from *

Willow Slough, it was not seen elsewhere.

Buack-stpep Darter (Etheostoma aspro, Cope & Jor.).

One small example approaching BE. phoxocephalum in colors, was
taken in Wood Slough, July 50.
Loa Prercu (Etheostoma caprodes, Raf.).

This was the most abundant darter collected. It was quite

common in Willow Slough, Long Lake, Broad Lake, and Wood

Slough.

Jounny Darter (Etheostoma nigrum, Raf.).

An immature example from Willow Slough was the only one
seen.

Famity CENTRARCHIDE. (SUNFISHES. )

LarGe-mMouTtHED Brack Bass (Micropterus salmoides, Lace.).

The young of this bass were moderately common in all the
sloughs and creeks. Examples of considerable size were occa-
sionally taken, showing that this species does not necessarily
leave the sloughs after spawning. One example brought in by the
net must have weighed seven pounds or more. The smaller ex-
amples, which are of interest as in all probability the young of
the season, ranged from 2 to 3 inches in length. Between these
and the larger ones were various intermediate sizes representing
probably three or four generations.

Localities: Ballard Slough, Harkness Slough, Libby Lake, Moss

Lake, Dead Man’s Slough, Claus Lake, Willow Slough, mouth of |

Cedar Creek, Lily Lake, Long Lake, Broad Lake.

SmaLi-mMouTHED Brack Bass (MWicropterus dolomieu, Lac. ).

A single young specimen, 2.12 inches long, was taken in Willow
Slough August 7 The locality is somewhat unusual for this species.
It is certainly not common in the water collected from. Mr. Bartlett
informs me that it was brought here some time ago by the State
Fish Commission.

75

Common Sunrisu (Lepomis pallidus, Mitch. ).

Rare in the temporary pools, becoming common in the deeper
water of Long and Broad Lakes; also quite common within the levee.
The youngest examples taken ranged from 1 inch to 1.7¢ inches
in length. Adults in breeding colors were caught in Long and
Libby Lakes. Females contained ova as large as No. 12 shot.
An old gentleman who has fished here for years tells me that in
the days of the early settlers sunfishes, presumably of this species,
were sometimes taken that weighed as‘much as four pounds.

Localities: Ballard Slough, Harkness Slough, Libby Lake, Dead
Man’s Slough, Moss Lake, Willow Slough, Lily Lake, Long Lake,
Broad Lake, Mississippi River.

RED-SPOTTED SuNFISH (Lepomis humilis, Gir.).

This handsome little fish was quite common in sloughs and
lakes,—more abundant than we have found it elsewhere in the
State. Very few young were seen, and these were nearly mature.
It is quite hardy, as is shown by the water it frequents, and may
prove a desirable aquarium fish. All the adults taken differed
from the descriptions of Drs. Jordan and Gilbert in having the
opercular flap with a wide white margin instead of a red one.
Immature examples have the opercular flap poorly developed and
are marked in the sides with numerous small black dots, while
the red of the adult is largely wanting.

Localities: Harkness Slough, Goose Lake, Moss Lake, Dead
Man’s Slough, Claus Lake, Willow Slough, Long Lake, Broad
Lake, Wood Slough, pond at southern limit of Quincy.

Rep-£YE, Biur Sporrep SunrisH (Lepomis cyanellus, Raf.). —

Two examples about 3.50 long, taken in Goose Lake, Aug. 13,
were the only ones seen.

WarmoutsH, Rep-rEvep Bream (Chenobryttus gulosus, C. & V.).

A few young, about 1.50 inch long, were taken in most of the
pools. Frequent in Libby Lake and Harkness Slough.

Localities: Ballard Slough, Harkness Slough, Libby Lake, Dead
Man’s Slough, Claus Lake, Lily Lake, Long Lake, Wood Slough.

PALE Croppie (Pomoxys annularis, Raf.).

The pale croppie was more abundant than we have found it
elsewhere in the State away from Southern I[llinois. This fact is
one of a number which our fish fauna yields, illustrating the in-
fluence of the Mississippi River in extending the range of south-
ern species northward immediately along its course. Young, from
2.25 to 2.75 inches long, were common; and between these and
the largest taken (8 inches long) were a number of intermediate
sizes. The species became a little more abundant in the more
northern pools.

Localities: Ballard Slough, Harkness Slough, Goose Lake, Libby
Lake, Moss Lake, Dead Man’s Slough, Claus Lake, Willow Slough,
Lily Lake, Long Lake, Broad Lake, pool at southern limit of
Quincy. °

76

Dark Croppigz, Catico Bass (Pomoxys sparoides, Lac.).

A little more abundant than the preceding species in the sloughs
and lakes. Especially common in the more northern pools, but
very generally distributed. Most of those seen were young, from
1.50 to 2 inches long. No adults were seen from pools outside
the levee.

Localities: Ballard Slough, Harkness Slough, Goose Lake, Libby
Lake, Moss Lake, Claus Lake, Willow Slough, Lily Lake, Long
Lake, Broad Lake, Wood Slough, at southern limit of Quincy.

Famity Esocip®. (PIKEs. )

Pike, PickEREL (Hsox lucius, Linn.).

This species was not seen in most of the bottom-land sloughs.
Probably more work in the pools and lakes within the levee
farther north would have shown it common enough. It probably
does not often leave its retreats among the vegetation of quiet
water for the current of the river.

From Harkness Slough, example 12 inches long; Libby Lake sey-
eral examples 8 inches long; Long Lake, one example; pool south
- of Quincy, a half dozen small examples.

LittLe PickereL (EHsox vermiculatus, Les. ).

_ Not common apparently. Seen only within the levee, and in
Lily Lake.

Harkness Slough, one example; Claus Lake, occasional examples
flve inches long; Lily Lake, four small examples.

FamiILty ATHERINID®.

Labidesthes sicculus, Cope.

Probably more common in the sloughs than it seemed to be, as
its slenderness permits it to pass through most seines when they
are not encumbered with vegetation. The pools are exactly suited
to it.

One small example, Long Lake; four examples, Broad Lake.

Famity Cyprinopontip®. (Top Minnows.)

Buack-sipED Tor Minnow (Zygonectes notatus, Raf. ).

Frequent and generally distributed, but only a few taken at
any one time. Schools of about a half dozen individuals were
frequently seen in the bay.

Localities: Harkness Slough, Quincy Bay, Willow Slough, Long
Lake.

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Famity Ciuperpm. (SHap,.)

Hickory Swap, Gizzarp SuHavd (Dorosoma cepedianum, Les. ).

The bottom-land sloughs and lakes are pre-eminently the spawn-
ing ground of this fish. Young of the year, 1.50 to 2 inches long
and still wearing the black shoulder mark, occur in countless
numbers. Probably more than half of the individuals taken in
the Fish Commission seines during the season are these young
shad. The temporary pools on the lower part of the bottom-land
were crowded with them. They were less abundant far-
ther back, but were still very common in Libby Lake, inside
the levee. The adults, on the other hand, were usually scarce; but
in the pool south of Quincy both young and adults were common,—
a fact explained by the situation of the pool east of a railroad
embankment and at a considerable distance from the river. The
pool is consequently very early isolated, and the adults which
make their way in to spawn are prevented from escaping. Pre-
daceous fishes confined in the sloughs depend very largely on this
shad for sustenance.

Localities: Harkness Slough, Libby Lake, Moss Lake, Dead
Man’s Slough, Claus Lake, Quincy Bay, Long Lake, Broad Lake,
Wood Slough, pool south of Quincy. ,

Onto SHav (Clupea chrysochloris, Raf. ).

Probably not common. The only specimens seen were a half
dozen young, 2.62 inches long, from Moss Lake, Long Island,
Aug. 14.

FAMILY CypRINIDH. (MINNoWs.)

7,

GOLDEN SHINER, Bream (Notemigonus chrysoleucus, Mitch. ).

Frequent. Abundant in Libby Lake, where examples 5 inches
‘long were seen.

Localities: Harkness Slough, Libby Lake, Dead Man’s Slough,
Claus Lake, Long Lake, Wood Slough, pool south of Quiney.

Hybopsis amblops, Raf.

Common in Willow Slough and of large size, some examples
measuring 4.5 inches in extreme length. Elsewhere taken only
in Broad Lake and Wood Slough, from each of which one or two
examples were obtained.

Phenacobius teretulus, Cope.

A single example of this variable minnow was taken from Broad
Lake, August 9.
Notropis atherinoides, Raf.

Not found common except in Moss Lake and in the river. On
the sand bars of the latter it is caught in numbers for bait. It
was sometimes seen hurrying up stream near the shore against
the force of the current.

Localities: Moss Lake, Mississippi River, Broad Lake, Long
Lake.

Notropis jejunus, Forbes.
One example, Long Lake; eight examples, Broad Lake.

Surner (otropis megalops, Rat. ).

Rare. Two small examples from Willow Slough, the only ones
secured.

Spawn Eater (Notropis hudsonius, Clinton).

Not common. One example each from Goose Lake and Long
_ Lake.

Notropis cayuga, Meek.

The above name was assigned some time ago by Prof. Gilbert
to numerous examples of a small minnow in the Illinois State
Laboratory collection. Mr. Meek’s description has not been seen,
but a comparison of a single example of a fish obtained in Long
Lake, with the specimens examined by Prof. Gilbert, shows this to
be the same thing. The species bears a superficial resemblance to
Notropis heterodon, but has a short, weak mandible, without pig-
ment, and a complete lateral line.

Oliola vigilax, Baird and Girard.
Frequent in several of the pools.
Localities: Willow Slough, Long Lake, Wood Slough.

Buunt-NoseED Minnow (Pimephales notatus, Raf.).
Less common than the preceding.

Long Lake, Wood Slough.

Stnvery Minnow (Hybognathus nuchalis, Ag.).

This species was common in the river, where with Notropis
atherinoides, it was taken in numbers for bait. Throughout Cedar
Creek, also, it was very abundant, and in the upper part of the
stream was the only fish seen. In the sloughs and lakes it was
not common.

Olaus Lake, Willow Slough, Broad Lake, pool south of Quincey,
Cedar Creek, Mississippi River.

GERMAN Carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linn. ).

This hardy fish seems destined to become a permanent part of
our fauna. Examples of good size were taken on a number of occa-
sions, showing it to be widely distributed among the pools and
lakes of the bottom-lands. A single specimen of the fully-scaled
form was taken from Dead Man’s Slough August 18. The food
of an example from Broad Lake consisted of vegetation and mol-
lusks, the former constituting two thirds of the material in the ali-
mentary canal, and consisting of dead leaves of and seeds. The seeds.

‘
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were, as far as could be determined in a hasty examination, chiefly
those of trees and weeds. Elm seeds, ragweed seeds, and the seeds.
of Polygonum were noted. The Mollusca were partly thin-shelled.
clams with an occasional Sphrium, and partly snails, such as Physa
and Lioplax. All the matter was apparently gathered from the
bottom. No trace of crustacean or insect food could be detected.

Dead Man’s Slough, Broad Lake, Quincy Bay, and pool south.
of Quincy.

FAMILY CATOSTOMID®. (SUCKERS. )

Rep Horst (Moxostoma awreola, Les. ).
Rare. Seen only on two occasions.
Moss Lake, five examples 5.50 to 6.00 inches long; Wood Slough..

Rep Horst (Moxostoma macrolepidotum, Les. var. duquesnet).
Occasional young 4.50 to 12 inches long were taken.

Localities: Moss Lake, Willow Slough, Long Lake, Broad Lake;.
Wood Slough. :

Common Sucker (Catostomus teres, Mitch.).
Rare. Those taken were about six inches long.
Localities: Moss Lake, Wood Slough, slough south of Quincy

Carp, River Carp (JIctiobus velifer, Raf.).

Generally distributed but not very common, and nearly all’
young. Examples from 3.50 to 7 inches long were taken. Frequent
in the slough at south edge of Quincy.

Localities: Harkness Slough, Bear Creek, Goose Lake, Moss
Lake, Willow Slough, Long Lake, Broad Lake, Wood Slough,.
pool south of Quincy.

QUILL-BACK Burrato (Ictiobus bubalus, Raf.).

Not observed in any of the bottom-land pools outside the levee,
excepting Broad Lake. The young from 3 to 5 inches long were-
rather common inside the levee. The only large examples seen:
were taken from the river, where they seemed to be moderately
common. The young are easily distinguished from the young of
I. cyprinella by their small, inferior mouth, compressed body,.
and pale colors,—especially of the pectoral and ventral fins.

Loealities: Harkness Slough, Bear Creek, Libby Lake, Dead
Man’s Slough, Claus Lake, Broad Lake.
MoneGreL Burraro (Ictiobus uwrus, Ag.).

In my field notes I have recorded the young of this fish as:

— occurring in the slough.at the south edge of Quincy. They were:

not seen elsewhere. Adults were common in the river, and were

sometimes seen of large size. (One was noted August 6 which:
weighed twenty and a half pounds.

Localities: Slough south of Quincy, Mississippi River.

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80

Rep-moutH Bourrayo (Ictiobus cyprinella, C. & Y.).

Young 4 to 5.75 inches long were extremely common everywhere
in sloughs and lakes. They differ from the young of J. bubalus
in having a larger mouth, thicker body, and darker colors. The
pectoral and ventral fins are blackish, whereas in the case of the
quill-back buffalo they are pale. Most of the large buffalo taken
from the river were of this species.

Localities: Harkness Slough,“ Bear Creek, Moss Lake, Dead
Man’s Slough, Claus Lake, Willow Slough, Long Lake, Broad
Lake, Wood Slough, slough south of Quincy, Mississippi River. —

FamiLy SILURID®. (CATFISHES. )

Noturus gyrinus, Mitch.

Moderately common in sloughs and lakes.

Localities: Harkness Slough, Dead Man’s Slough, Willow Lake,
Lily Lake, Long Lake, Broad Lake, Wood Slough.

Morean Cat, YELLow Cat (Leptops olivaris, Raf.).

This catfish was rare in sloughs and lakes. A single example
10 inches long from Willow Slough was the only one seen from
water of this kind. It was abundant in the river, where specimens
of ten pounds weight were frequently taken; and one was noted
August 6 that would probably have weighed 18 pounds or more. —
I am informed that young dog-fish are used on trot lines as ~
bait for this catfish.

BuLi-HEAD (Ameiurus melas, Raf.).

The most common of the small catfishes in the sloughs. They
seem to be gregarious when young and small schools were occa-
sionally seen swimming slowly along in an aimless fashion in the
bay. The examples taken measured from 1.25 to 2.75 inches in
length. Adults were not seen.

Localities: Claus Lake, Wood Slough, Lily Lake, Long Lake,
slough south of Quincy, Quincy Bay.

——

Buitut Pour (Ameiwurus nebulosus, Les. ).

Not seen in most of the pools. Frequent and of large size in
Dead Man’s Slough.
YELLOW CaTFisH (Ameiurus natalis, Les. ).

Not common. Those seen were adults.

From: Harkness Slough, one large example; Moss Lake, sey-
eral large examples; slough south of Quincy, a few.

OS = OO

WiLLow Cat, CHANNEL Cat, WuHITE Futon (Jctalurus puncta-
tus, Raf.).

Young 5 to 7 inches long were frequent in some of the sloughs
and were quite abundant in Bear Creek. No large examples were

P\

THE BULL HEAD.
Ameiurus Vulgaris.

ee ee

81

seen in the sloughs, but spécimens weighing from a half to three

uarters of a pound were abundant in the river, as was seen by
the numbers caught on trot lines. The young are called “fiddlers”
by fishermen.

Localities: Bear Creek, Dead Man’s Slough, Willow Slough,
Long Lake, Broad Lake, Wood Slough.

Famity Amiip# (Do0G-FIs#. )

Doa-risH (Amia calva, Linn.).

. Young dog-fish were not often seen in the pools outside the
levee, but inside they were everywhere common. They measured
from six to eight inches in length. In Bear Creek they were
especially abundant, sometimes sporting at the surface in great
numbers. Adults were also taken inside the levee. They certainly
spawn on flooded bottom-lands in early spring; and I can account
for their almost total absence from the temporary pools only by
supposing that the young follow the adults into the deeper waters

“as the bottom-lands become exposed. Young a few inches in
length are caught by the hundred at times for trot line bait,

their desirable quality for this purpose being an extreme hardi-

ness when on the book.

Localities: Ballard Slough, Harkness Slough, Bear Creek,
Goose Lake, Dead Man’s Slough, Moss Lake, Willow Slough,
Long Lake, Broad Lake.

Famity LEpIposTEIp®. (GaRs. )

SHORT-NOSED Gar (Lepidosteus platystomus, Raf.).

Young examples from 8 to 12 inches long were very common
in some of the lakes and sloughs, and were seen frequently lurk-
ing about barges and fish boats in the bay. No large examples were
seen. They are quite sportive at times, and keep up a constant
splashing of the water as a skiff moves among them. Hundreds
were seen at the south end of Long Lake. They were lying just
beneath the surface, fanning the water with the fins sufficiently to
keep the body stationary, and when approached would suddenly
lash the tail out of water and disappear. The young of this gar
averaged considerably larger than those of the other species and
were more uniform in size. Eighteen examples taken at random
from different situations average 9.94 inches in length from tip of
snout to tip of caudal fin. With two exceptions all those seen
had lost the caudal filament, and also, to a great extent, the black
blotches of the very young. Those which possessed the filament

_ were two of the three smallest examples taken, and measured

respectively 8 and 8.50 inches in length. The largest examples
seen measured 12.50 inches. If these young are from the eggs
spawned this season, and I believe they are, they indicate a more
rapid growth, or an earlier spawning time for this species than
for L. osseus.
F. C.—6

WRC al ss Ses rg © Bie 6 eer a .
PN Bena hom Ap ae ee AM ere
rc - - = - o , z P

82

Localities: Harkness Slough, Goose Lake, Dead Man’s Slough,
Claus Lake, Quincy Bay, mouth of Cedar Creek, Wood Slough.

Lona-Nosep Gar (Lepidosteus osseus, Linn. ).

The young were more abundant and more generally distributed
than those of the preceding species. Thirty-eight examples give
an average length of 8.10 inches. The smallest seen measured
6 inches in length, and the largest 12.25 inches. This last was
the only one taken that had lost the caudal filament. The more
uniform occurrence of this gar in bottom-land pools of all sorts
and its greater abundance there, in addition to the smaller average
size of the young as compared with those of L. platystomus,
suggest a later spawning time. If the short-nosed gar spawns
earlier, its young have more time to escape from the temporary
pools, and we should expect to find fewer of them present in
August. The matter needs further attention, however, as a diifer-
ence in the relative abundance of adults in the river at this point,
or some unknown difference in spawning habit, may have to do ©
with some of the differences we have noted. |

Localities: Harkness Slough, Dead Man’s Slough, Moss Lake,
Claus Lake, Willow Slough, Lily Lake, Long Lake, Broad Lake, ©
Wood Slough.

Famity PoLyoponTID®. (SHOVEL-FISH. )

SHOVEL-FISH (Polyodon spathula, Walbaum ).

This fish evidently does not spawn on the overflowed bottom-
land. A single example about 14 inches long from Wood Slough
was the only one taken. The adults are common in the Missis-
sippi River, where they were occasionally seen leaping above the
water.

Famity PETROMYZONTID®. (LAMPREYS. )

Lamprey Eru (Petromyzon castaneus, Gir.).

A lamprey taken by the men from Wood Slough was probably
of this species. It was not secured for examination.

INVERTEBRATES.

Small animals, such as insects, crustaceans, and mollusks, were
not as abundant as they commonly prove to be in permanent
bodies of water in other localities. The absence of vegetation and
the abundance of their enemies, the fishes, doubtless both had to
do with this. The condition of these pools, as we have seen, is
not favorable to a growth of vegetation, and the season was ex-
ceptionally unpropitious with respect to this. Those small creatures
which did occur in the pools were thus deprived of the protection
which a rank growth of vegetation affords, and could not be
expected to maintain themselves where every square yard of bot-

83

tom must have been searched each day by hungry fishes. Not-
withstanding this condition of things, certain species occurred in
considerable numbers. Such as have the curious habit of remain-
ing motionless in the presence of enemies, and such as burrow
readily in mud, were very common in some of the pools. Con-
sequently, when it is said that invertebrate animals were not com-
mon in these waters, it is meant that, as compared with permanent

Jakes elsewhere, there was not here a great diversity of forms,

represented each by an abundance of individuals.

MOLLUSCA. (SHELL Fis.)

The Mollusea of the locality belong to two groups,—those with
a spiral shell of a single piece (Gastropoda), represented by the
river snails, and those with a shell of two halves hinged together
along the back (Lamellibranchiata), represented by the clams.
Both groups furnish important items of fish-food, and both were
well represented in the pools.

The snails were nearly all of small size, none of those seen hay-
ing shells over 1.25 inches in length. These creatures are well
suited to a residence in these ponds. Some of them at least can
breathe either in water or in air, and hence can travel to other
pools if the water dries up. A_ part of them never need
to do this, for when the pools dry up, either in winter or
summer, they resort to the mud and rubbish of the exposed
bottom, close up their shells, and remain inactive till the water
comes again. They are ordinarily seen creeping about over the
bottom, where they feed upon the microscopic plants and ani-
mals or upon decaying organic matter in the form of a slimy
coat on sticks and mud. If pressed with hunger, they have been
known to resort to animal food, and in some instances devour their
own kind. Some of them burrow into the mud at the bottom and
become torpid in winter, but more active species may be seen

“moving over the bottom under the ice. The eggs are laid in

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spring attached in masses to sticks and dead leaves. The young.
hatch in two or three weeks, according to temperature.

Famity Limne1p®. (Ponp SNAILS.)

Physa ancillaria, Say.
(Physa ancillaria, Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., v, 124, 1825.)
Common in Long Lake and in Willow Slough. The largest ex-
amples taken measure about .50 inch in length.
Physa heterostropha, Say.

(Limnea heterostropha, Say, Am. ed. Nich. Ene., pl. i, f. 6,
1817, 1818, 1819, [as cited by Binney |.)

This was probably the most common snail in the bottom-land
pools. It is one of the thin-shelled species, with about four
whorls, and differs from the preceding in having a longer and

more tapering spire and a narrower aperture. Otherwise they
are much alike. This is one of the most active and widely dis-
tributed of the species taken. It is said sometimes to attack and
devour insects as large as itself. The eggs are deposited, accord-
ing to Say,in the month of May, but probably at intervals dur-
ing the summer also. Egg masses, which in all probability were
from this snail, were quite frequently found attached to the out-
side of shells, where they had been left by other individuals.
The shells were frequently clothed with growths of stalked
infusorians.

Localities: Harkness Slough, Quincy Bay, Willow Slough, Cedar
Creek, Wood Slough.

Helisoma trivolvis, Say.

(Planorbis trivolvis, Say, Am. ed..Nich. Enc., pl. ii, £ 2, 181%,
1818, 1819. )

Common in many of the pools. Easily recognized by its de-
pressed shell,—the whorls lying nearly in one plane so that they
can be followed on two sides of the shell. Large examples taken
measure five eighths of an inch in diameter.

Localities: Harkness Slough, Willow Slough, Lily Lake, Long
Lake, Wood Slough.

FamiIty VALVATID.

Valvata tricarinata, Say.
(Cyclostoma tricarinata, Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. i, 13,
18. )

This small mollusk was common in many of the pools, but was
not often brought out in the nets from pools in which it was very
abundant.. The shell is about .20 inch in diameter and may be
recognized at once among our species by the strong ridges on the
outside of the shell. It is somewhat depressed and the aperture
is nearly circular in outline. The food is said to be vegetable
matter. The eggs of related European species are deposited
singly.

FAMILY VIVIPARID®. (RIVER SNAILS. )

Vivipara intertexta, Say.

(Paludina interteata, Say, New Harmony Disseminator, ii, 244,
1829. )

A common and uniformly distributed snail of rather large size.
Shell rather stout, with about five strongly convex whorls. Adults
dull reddish brown in color; young paler, with numerous fine ©
revolving strie on the whorls. ‘The largest example taken
measures one inch in length, with the largest whorl .87 inch in —
diameter. Inside the aperture may usually be seen several large —
reddish brown revolving bands. The young are born alive.

‘ THE MOON-EYE.
Hiodon tergisus.

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ye

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85

Localities: Harkness Slough, Willow Slough, Lily Lake, Long
Lake, Wood Slough.

Vivipara subpurpurea, Say.

(Paludina subpurpurea, New Harmony Disseminator, ii, 245,
1829.
Found only in Lily Lake. It is much like the preceding, but

has a slightly more tapering shell with the whorls flattened next
the revolving suture.

Campeloma decisum, Say.
(Limneea decisa, Say, Am. ed. Nich. Enc. 1,. 1817.)

This was the largest and most abundant river snail observed.
Tt may be distinguished from the two preceding by its more
slender-form, more tapering spire, and less convex whorls. The
general color is a uniform olive green, more or less stained towards
the apex with brown. Inside the aperture pure bluish white. An

_ example measures 1.37 inches in length, with the largest whorl .87
inch in diameter. The young are brought forth alive, and may be
found in the ovaries in the fall preceding the spring during
which they are set free. The adults go into the mud at the bot-
tom of the ponds and streams to hibernate. .

Localities: Harkness Slough, Quincy Bay, Willow Slough, Lily
Lake, Broad Lake, Wood Slough.

Lioplax subcarinata, Say.
(Limncea subcarinata, Say, Am. ed. Nich. Enc. 1, 1816.)

Frequent in Willow Slough. Similar to the preceding, but
smaller and marked by an obtuse ridge extending along the mid-
dle of each whorl. One of the largest examples taken is just .50

inch in length. Like the other members of the family it is vivip-
arous.

Faminy RIssorp®.

Somatogyrus isogonus, Say.

(Melania isogona, Say.. New Harmony Disseminator, ii, 227,
1829. )
Numerous examples from Willow Slough, Aug. 15.

Amnicola limosa, Say.
(Paludina limosa, Say., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. i, 125, 1817.)
Dredged in 3-5 feet of water, Willow Slough, Aug. 15.

The clams are not very different from the river snails in their way
of living. They may be frequently seen in shallow water with
the front part of the body buried in the mud and the soft white
“foot” thrust out of the shell. If watched intently under such
circumstances they may be observed to move slowly forward,

86

leaving a groove in the mud behind them. In suitable places
in quiet water they may become very abundant, forming
what are known as clam beds. The food of some of our species
consists entirely of microscopic plants and animals, such as alge
and protozoans. Some of the unios are very probably scavengers,
if we may decide from the condition of food in the stomachs of
alcoholic specimens. In winter our species probably all go into
the mud at the bottom of the streams and lakes, and there
remain torpid until spring. The young are very different from
the adults, and some of them were formerly supposed to be dif-
ferent animals,—a mistake due to their having been found adhering
to aquatic animals of other kinds by means of a couple of strong
hooks with which the valves of the shell are furnished. For a
considerable time after leaving the egg they are retained in the
gill-pouches of the parent clams.

Their interest, viewed either from the standpoint of the fish-
culturist or from that of the scientist, is very great. As Prof.
Forbes has shown in his papers on the food of fishes, they con-
stitute a large item of the food of some of our best fishes. The
great abundance in which they occur in the water of this region
must give them a decided influence, as competitors for food of
numerous other animals.

Of the two families represented in the Quincy collection, the first
is represented by small species which commonly pass for the
young of the true clams (Unionidz) of the second family. That
they are adult animals is, however, easily shown with a magnify-
ing glass, since by its means they may be seen in many cases to
contain living young of relatively large size. The shells of these
bivalves are not commonly more than half an inch in length.

FamiIty CoRBICULID.

Spherium solidulum, Prime.
(Cyclas solidula, Prime, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. iv., 158,
1851. )

Common in shallow water in Willow Slough.

Spherium transversum, Say.

(Cyclas transversa, Say, New Harmony Disseminator, ii, 346, 1829.)
Frequent in, several of the pools.

Localities: Willow Slough, Long Lake, Broad Lake, Wood
Slough.

Famity UNIonIDe. (RIVER CLAMs.)

Anodonta grandis, Say.
(A. grandis, Say, New Harmony Disseminator, i, 341, 1840.)

This large, smooth, thin-shelled clam is common in most of the
sloughs and lakes. It is probably the species which the channel

87

catfish manages to tear from its shell. The shells recently emptied
were sometimes brought out by seines in great numbers. Young
and adults were seen in the sloughs and lakes, one of the former
measuring .62 in length. A valve of a large one picked up at the
edge of Wood Slough measured’ 6.75 inches in length.

Localities: Lily Lake, Broad Lake, Wood Slough.

Anodonta imbecilis, Say.

(A imbecilis, Say, New Harmony Disseminator, 1829.)

Young examples about an inch long were very common in Wood
and Willow Sloughs. The adults were not seen.

Localities: Willow Slough, Lily Lake, Wood Slough.

Unio alatus, Say.
(U. alatus, Nich. Enc., Am, ed., iv, f. 2, 1816, 1818, 1819.)
Taken in Willow Slough and Lily Lake.

Unio gracilis, Barnes.
(U. gracilis, Barnes, Silliman’s Jour. 11, 174, 1823.)
Taken in Willow Slough.

Unio leevissimus, Lea.
(U. loevissimus, Lea, Am. Phil. Soc. iii, pl. 13, f. 23; Obs. on
Genus Unio, I.)

This is one of the large compressed species with angular ex-
pansions of the dorsal or hinge portion of the shell. The young
are especially noticeable because of the large relative size of these
angular processes, and were very common in portions of Wood
and Willow Sloughs. In Lily Lake, also, they were numerous, but
were not seen elsewhere.

Unio parvus, Barnes.
(U. parvus, Barnes, Silliman’s Jour., vi, 174, 1823.)

Examples of this small clam 1.62 inches long were taken in
Harkness Slough. It was not observed outside the levee.

INSECTA.

Unfortunately, little has been done on aquatic insects by ento-
mologists, beyond describing and naming the species, and a search
through the writings of American and foreign authors does not
yield much of the particular ‘kind of knowledge of which practi-
eal fish work stands in need. The food habits and transforma-
tions especially have been greatly neglected. We can not there-
fore give such an account of the species collected as could be
wished, but shall aim to add something to a knowledge of food
habits in certain cases, and to point out, as clearly as we can in
a brief paper, the forms whose acquaintance the economic ichthy-
ologist needs to make.

The presence of three (and only three) pairs of jointed legs on
the body just behind the head will serve to distinguish most in-
sect species at any stage of existence from members of the next
group (Crustacea). There are some exceptions to the rule among
aquatic larvee, suchas the abundant young of mosquitoes, of Chirono-
mus and Corethra; but larvee such as these may be recognized as
insects by the absence of jointed appendages on the divisions of
the abdomen, crustaceans differing in bearing, generally, such ap-
pendages, on most of the divisions of the body.

An exhaustive treatment of the group in its relations to fish
culture would call for an account of every order of the class; for
_ while such orders as Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera are very largely
terrestrial, a glance at Prof. Forbes’ most recent paper on the
food of fishes will show that even bees, moths, and lepidopterous
larve are devoured when chance brings them within reach.
' Freshets surprise and carry into the current of streams great
numbers of terrestrial beetles and bugs which live in the
earth, under dead leaves, and on vegetation, and these furnish at
such times no inconsiderable part of the food of the smaller fishes.

The common aquatic insects belong to the following orders:
Diptera (flies), Coleoptera (beetles), Trichoptera (case flies), Neu-
roptera (hellgrammites, etc.), Hemiptera (true bugs), Ephemeride —
(May flies), and Plecoptera and Odonata (dragon flies). Some of these
live in the water throughout life; others in the larval and pupal stages;
still others in the larval and mature stages; while a part are
aquatic only in the larval condition. The food varies greatly with
the species and may vary with different stages of the same insect.
' It consists of decaying organic matter, or of living plants or animals,
while some forms constantly take a mixed aliment. It is not pos-
sible therefore with our present knowledge of the subject to cai-
culate the effect of a sudden removal of the whole group from its
relations to the other life of our waters; but considered only as
fish food there can be no doubt that the effect would be deeid-
edly to the detriment of fishes. Even those insects that prey
upon the eggs and young of fishes are themselves in turn de-
voured by the adult fishes, and there seem to be very few indeed
_ of the aquatic insects that are not eaten by fishes in greater or
smaller numbers.

OrDER DIPTERA. (FLIES. )

Adults with two naked wings and a pair of knobbed balancers.
Mouth parts elongated, horny or soft, fitted for taking liquid food.
Prothorax not free. Larvee aquatic or terrestrial, without jointed
legs, with or without a developed head. Pupa commonly inactive.
Examples: black flies, horse flies, gnats, and mosquitoes; larve
known as wrigglers, maggots, and grubs.

Flies of at least nine families are aquatic in the larval stage; but
the majority of the individuals commonly collected in our waters
pertain to the families, Simulide, Culicide, Chironomid, and Ta-

THE CHANNEL CATFISH.
Ameiurus Albidus.

89

banide. To the first-named family belong the notorious black fly
and buffalo gnat,—the latter recently the subjec tof elaborate study

by the United States Entomological Department. The larva of a

very similar species (perhaps the same as one or the other) is
very common in winter and early spring under rocks and wood in
spring-fed streams in Illinois, but the flies are not known to dam-
age stock in this region (Central Illinois). The larve of this fam-
ily are eaten by trout, and occur in the stomachs of other smaller
fishes. They were supposed at one time to entangle and destroy
young fishes in a fine silk web which they spin over surfaces upon
which they live. The pupz live in leathery cases attached to the
underside of stones and other objects in the water. The adult fly
emerges under water in the spring of the year. Cedar Creek is
exactly suited to these insects, and we should expect to find them

there at the proper season.

The families Culicide and Chironomid contain the mosquitoes
and gnats. The larve are small, elongated, more or less cylindrical
worm-like creatures, with well-developed head and often complicated
respiratory and tactile structures. The pup of the Culicide are
active, but take no food. The larve occur in water at all times of

the year, so that in all probability a succession of broods are

reared each season. Some species, at least, are found in water when
cold weather comes in the fall and doubtless remain in the larval
condition till the next season. The eggs are placed in small masses
on the surface of the water, where they float till the larvee emerge.
The food is believed, commonly, to be decaying organic matter, so
that the larve have been thought to offset in a measure, as fish-
food and as scavengers, the inflictions of the adults. They are
extremely common, and may be captured at night in surface-nets
literally by the pint. They swim by alternately flexing and ex-
tending the body, hence the name wrigelers.

The family Tabanidze (the horse flies) contains a number of
species with aquatic larve. The latter are large, with cylindrical
body tapering towards the extremities and consisting of twelve
segments. Color whitish, body-wall rather firm. Length as much
as 1.50 inch. The eggs, which are elongated, smooth and shining,
and of a dark color, are deposited in masses by the flies on rushes
and other aquatic plants in the latter part of summer. The larvze
live during the winter in the water, lurking about under submerged
wood or refuse. They are carnivorous, and with their strong
mouth parts can inflict a severe bite. From their strength and
activity they must destroy great numbers of the smaller aquatic
animals. One kept by the late B. D. Walsh, fed upon a number
of mollusks, pushing its way into the shells as far as it could, as
it devoured the owners. Notwithstanding their aggressive ways,
quantities of them are sometimes taken by the channel catfish
(Ictalurus punctatus), and they are eaten, at least occasionally, by
bull pout.

90

Famity CuLicip®. (GNATS AND MOSQUITOES. )

‘Culex sp.

The adults of one or more mosquitoes were moderately common
about the sloughs. The larva were not observed except in one of
the more stagnant bodies of water, but were probably present in
all. These insects pass the winter in the winged state, hid away
in crannies. The larve swim head downward, and are the wrig-
glers of neglected cisterns and rain barrels. The food during
aquatic life is probably decaying organic matter.

Corethra sp.

The larve of this genus are small, worm-like creatures, those
from Quincy about .382 inch long and .028 inch in diameter. The
body is cylindrical, tapering towards the posterior extremity. The
head is provided with a perplexing variety of structures for the
perception and management of food, including eyes, antenne, bit-
ing jaws, and a number of other tactile and prehensile appendages.
In front of the eyes the head resembles a truncated cone, and at
the blunt front extremity is attached a pair of antennz consisting
each of a long basal segment, from the free extremity of which
arise from three to five long, curved, and tapering rods. Near the
posterior end of the body is a series of long, plumose filaments.
The body is beautifully transparent in life, and within it may
be seen, near each extremity, a pair of pigmented, kidney-shaped
respiratory sacs.

The pupze may be distinguished from those of the next genus
‘by the presence on each side of the thorax of an odd, bladder-
like respiratory structure, the two resembling a pair of ears. At
‘tthe posterior end of the body is a pair of large fan-shaped fins,
by means of which the pupz swim freely in the water. The
‘adults are small, weak, obscurely-colored gnats, which are not
often observed. ‘Two species of Corethra are recorded from this
country.

Our larvze resemble those of the European Corethra plumicornis,
but differ apparently in some details of form,—as in the shape of
the eyes, and of certain leaf-like tactile appendages in front of the
mouth.

The eggs are laid enclosed in a gelatinous material, arranged
‘spirally in a single series in disk-shaped masses, and float at the
surface of the water till the young larve emerge. This occurs
about a week after the eggs are laid, but probably the time varies
greatly with the temperature.

FamILy CHIRONOMID®. (GNATS.)

The familiar aquatic larve of this family belong to the genus
Chironomus. Probably no other one genus of insects constitutes
‘as Important an item in the food of as large a number of fishes.

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They may be recognized by their uniformly cylindrical bodies,
small heads, enclosed in an opaque crust, and with a bi-
lobed foot-like process bearing a dense brush of curved _ bristly
hairs extending forward beneath it. At the posterior end of the
body is a pair of false feet, also characteristic, each bearing a
eirelet of retractile hooks. The head is smaller relatively than
that of the larva of Corethra, but under the microscope the parts
appear almost as complicated. The structures present, however,
are mainly in the nature of biting organs, the parts having
to do with perception being here poorly developed. Thus the
jaws are well developed, the edges of the mouth-opening
are furnished with numerous teeth and hooks, and the labium is
a broad plate with strongly toothed edge, while, on the other hand
the eyes and antennz are very small. All this corresponds with
what is known of the food of the larve. Their digestive tube is
often filled with a brown granular material, consisting, as nearly
as can be made out with the microscope, of decomposed organic
matter, containing great numbers of bacteria and a good many
empty frustules of daitoms. In one example was found the frag-
ments of an insect. The organs for mastication, complicated as
they are, would hardly be equal to the complete obliteration of
the cell-structure of plants and animals, were these the aliment
upon which the larve depended; and I believe that the material
in the alimentary canals examined was dead when taken. The
diatoms were not more freequent than they would be if taken
in the slimy coating which collects on submerged objects. The insect
fragments, which were of rather large size, bore evidence of having
formed a rejected skin; while the abundance of bacteria among.
the alimentary contents points also in the same direction.

The larve are often of a blood-red color. They swim by a
wriggling movement when in open water, but commonly live at _
the bottom, under stones and rubbish, where they construct gal-
leries of agglutinated sand in which numbers live together. They
may be found in water at all seasons of the year, even under the
ice in winter. Quite a number of species are represented by the
larve taken at Quincy, and some of the forms described below
may represent several related species instead of one.

The pupe differ from those of Corethra in having cottony tufts
or antler-shaped fleshy respiratory appendages on each side of the
thorax; but some apparently lack these structures. Those with the
cottony tufts were common in the galleries under rocks. The ones
with antler-shaped respiratory structures were taken at the surface
in the bay, and may prove to be free-swimming. Several of these
abe had the posterior part of the body enclosed in the larval
skin.

The winged adults were emerging at the surface of the bay
August 8. Those captured, nearly all females, were brought in by
the surface-net, and are probably among the smallest of the genus,
being only about .08 inch long. Color, pale yellow, with three

EOS aE A cee AAR ae ne ES
92
large, brown, longitudinal spots on the thorax, the middle one
placed before the others, and continued behind by a very narrow
median brown line. Segments of abdomen brown centrally above;
pale at the margins and below. Antennz, legs, and balancers whit-
ish. Wings unmarked. One male taken is more distinctly marked,

and shows some dusky on the legs and ventral side of the thorax,
while the plumose antennz are decidedly blackish.

Chironomus, larva (1).

Large examples of this larva, average about .44 inch in length.
Head yellowish brown. Eye-specks two. Labium with strongly
arched anterior edge cut into about six black teeth on each side,
with a median tricuspid tooth. Posterior segments with three pairs
of fleshy (respiratory?) appendages; the first pair short and club-
shaped, attached at the posterior edge of antepenultimate segment,
the second and third pairs long and contorted, attached the one
to the middle and the other to the posterior edge of the penulti-
mate segment. The four anal papille rather slender, enlarging a
trifle distally.

Pup constantly found in sand galleries with this larva have a

pair of strong frontal hooks and are provided with cottony respira-
tory tufts on the thorax. Length about .32 inch.

These larvee and pupze were taken in numbers under rocks, a
short distance within the mouth of Cedar Creek. Young short-
nosed gars (L. platystomus) had invaded the creek from the bay,
and were busily probing the crannies and feeding on the insects.
One hundred and eighty-three larve and forty-two pupz were
counted in the stomach of a single gar about nine inches long.

Chironomus, larva (2).

About equal to (1) in size. Head pale brown, under side black.
Two eye-specks. Labium with four teeth on each side; median
tooth shorter than the two next it. Hairs of anterior pediform
appendage rusty. A single pair of small club-shaped (respiratory?)
appendages at posterior edge of the penultimate segment. Anal
papille conspicuously enlarged distally. Less common than (1),
but more widely distributed.

Eccentie: Willow Slough, Cedar Creek, Broad Lake, Wood
ough.

Chironomus, larva (8).

‘Small; the largest of two examples taken, only .24 inch long.
A single eye-speck. Posterior segments without fleshy respiratory
appendages. Anal papille apparently jointed.

One example each from Willow Slough and Cedar Creek.
Chironomus, larva (4).

A single very large larva, 1.38 inch long, from Ballard Slough,

seems to differ from all the preceding. Head black beneath;
eye-specks two. Labium with a large truncate median tooth, with

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93

a small tooth each side of it; outside the latter, two other large
truncate teeth,—-about four teeth, large and small, on each side.
Posterior segments without fleshy respiratory appendages. Anal
papillee not jointed.

Chironomus, larva (5).

A very small pupa (.12 inch long) taken August 7 within the
mouth of Cedar Creek still retained its larva skin, the labium
of which differs from that of all the preceding larve in lacking
the median tooth. Its condition would not permit of more ex-
tended comparison with the others, and it may prove the same

as (3).
Ceratopogon, larva.

This is an extremely slender, transparent larva, resembling a
vinegar eel, with eight long hairs radiating from the posterior
body segment. It has been noted by Professor Forbes in the
stomachs of fishes.

Common among algz in Lily Lake, August 15.

ORDER COLEOPTERA. (BErETLEs. )

Adults with four wings, the first pair hard and stiff, covering
the hind pair when at rest; not used for flight; hind wings folded

both longitudinally and transversely. Mouth parts fitted for bit-

ing. Prothorax free. Pupa inactive. Larva aquatic or terrestrial,
commonly with three pairs of jointed legs (wanting in certain
wood-boring and plant-mining larvee), with a well-developed head,
and biting mouth-parts. Examples: weevils, wire-worms, potato
beetles, ete.

The aquatic members of this order of insects frequently have
some or all of their limbs flattened and fringed to fit them for
rapid locomotion in the water. Others show little in their struct-—
ure that is adaptive to aquatic life, and simply creep about under
water or cling to submerged vegetation much as a terrestrial
beetle might. They are all, when adult, obliged to come to the
surface for air, which they take and hold in bubbles by means
of antennze, wing-covers, or legs. Some of the larvee also come to
the surface for air, but others are provided with special respira-
tory structures by means of which they are enabled to get oxygen
from water. Only the larve and adult beetles are aquatic. The
larva quits the water when ready to become a pupa, and com-
monly burrows into the neighboring banks, where it excavates a
small chamber in which it pupates. The adult on emerging re-
turns at once to the water.

Many beetles in both larval and adult stages are very destruc-
tive to small aquatic animals of other kinds, and even attack
fishes of considerable size. ‘Tadpoles many times larger than these
insects, are often devoured. Some eat only the dead of other
insects,. while still others feed largely on vegetation.

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The families containing aquatic species are Amphizoidz, Halip-
lidee, Dytiscidee, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae, Parnide and Dascyl-
lide. The great majority of individuals and species commonly
taken in water pertain to the Haliplide, Dytiscide, Gyrinidz,
and Hydrophilids. Several other families may appropriately be
considered in connection with aquatic insects because of their
constant abundance in the moist earth along water and on sub-
aquatic vegetation. These beetles are unquestionably an important
source of food to the carnivorous “aquatic animals, and themselves
doubtless attack and devour their aquatic neighbors when chance
brings these latter ashore.

FamIty CARABIDZ. (PREDACEOUS GROUND BEETLES. )

A few species of Bembidium and Elaphrus were generally to
be found on sunny days at the edges of sloughs, running over the
mud. Under the logs in the neighborhood were the usual cara-
bids of such situations—Galerita, Chlenius, and Pterostichus—but
they were by no means common. The seining operations some-
times revealed the presence of certain burrowing species such as
Omophron americanum, in the moist mud of the shores; and in
the latter part of August a sudden rise in the water surprised
numerous examples of Clivina and Bembidium, which were noted
ene on the surface at the mercy of predaceous aquatic ani-
mals.

Famity HAQLIPLIpD#.

These are small water beetles less than a quarter of an inch
long, and commonly to be distinguished at sight from members of
the following three families by the slender legs, which are not
suited to rapid locomotion in the water, and by the projecting
head,-—the latter being in most other aquatic beetles, widened, and
immersed in the thorax. The antennz are made up of ten seg-
ments, and are inserted in the front. The larve are odd-looking
creatures with strong spines or long-jointed respiratory append-
ages on the segments, the 9th (last) segment being produced and
divided. Tarsi with a single claw. The larve of our two genera
may be recognized by the following characters:

Haliplus.—Spiracles present, no branchial filaments. Maxillary ;
palpi three-jointed. Clypeus truncate.

Cnemidotus.—No spiracles, branchial filaments long and jointed. :
Maxillary palpi two-jointed. Clypeus notched.

Cnemidotus 12-punctatus, Say. ;
(Haliplus 12-punctatus, Say. Trans. Am. Philos. Soe., N. Ser., ii,
106, 1825.)

The beetles were moderately commom in Willow Slough, where |
they were brought out by the dredge and dip net. Females taken .
August 15 contained ova with advanced embryos. |

95
Famity Dytiscip®. (PrEDAcEous WATER BEETLEs.)

Body and legs of the adult beetle generally flattened, suited to:
rapid locomotion in the water; antennz 11-jointed, thread-like,
inserted behind the mandibles, under the front. The larvee of these
beetles are known as water-tigers from their rapacious habits.
They have smooth bodies and long sickle-shaped jaws. In addi-
tion to these characters may be mentioned, as distinguishing these:
larvee, the laterally placed antennz, the presence of two claws on
the tarsus, and the apparent absence of the 9th segment of the:
abdomen.

Both adults and young lead a predatory life, attacking and de-
vouring whatever they can master. They do not hesitate to attack
animals many times larger than themselves and are very destruc-
tive in fish ponds to young fishes. They are in their turn eaten by
the larger fishes. They live, insome cases, several years. In the:
fall some of the beetles go into the mud to hibernate; others may
be seen actively swimming about in midwinter; and a few leave
the water to hibernate under rubbish. The eggs are laid at inter-
vals and are scattered. Some, at least, of the larvee become pupx:
in the fall, and emerge as adult beetles the following spring.

Laccophilus maculosus, Germ.

(Germar, Ins. Spec. Nov., p. 30 (as cited’ by G. R. Crotch); Say,
Compl. Writ., 11, 514.)

From Cedar Creek, Aug. 8. Apparently not common.
Laccophilus fasciatus, Aubé.

(Aubé, Species Général des Coléopétres, vi, 423, 1838; Crotch,.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. iv, 400, 1872-73.)

This small beetle, generally common in our ponds and lakes, was:

geen only in Cedar Creek.

Bidessus lacustris, Say.

(Hydroporus lacustris, Say, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., N. Ser., ii, _
103, 1825; Compl. Writ. ii, 517.) ‘
A minute species taken in Willow Slough and Cedar Creek.

Hydroporus aulicus, Aubé.

(Aubé, Species Général des Coléoptéres, vi, 572, 1838; Crotch,.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soe., iv, 396, 1872—73. )

A handsome beetle about .16 inches long, with bright yellowish.
brown head and thorax, and with band of this color on the elytra.

Not rare in Wood Slough.
Hydroporus vittatipennis, G. & H.
(H. lineatus, LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phil., vii, 296, 1885. ),

A small beetle about half as long as the preceding, with wing:
covers finely striped longitudinally with black.

Common in Willow Slough.

Hydroporus consimilis, Lec.
(LeConte., Agassiz’s “Lake Superior,” 214, 1850.)

Very abundant in crannies of decaying and submerged wool in
Willow Slough.

Hydroporus hybridus, Aubé.

(Aubé, Species Général des Hydrocanthares et Gyriniens, 573,
1838. )

Common in Long Lake Aug. 9. Also found in Broad Lake and
Willow Slough.

Coptotomus interrogatus, Fabr.

(Dytiscus interrogatus, Fabr., Systema Eleutheratorum, i, 267,
1801; Crotch, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. iv, 413, 1872—73.)

Very abundant in Willow Slough and common in Long Lake
sand Cedar Creek.
Acilius, larva.

This larva is a trifle more than an inch long (1.12 inch), with
a fusiform body terminating behind in a pair of short naked
caudal stylets. It agrees very closely with the account of a
European species (Acilius sulcatus) given by Schiddte. The
head is rather small, with two contiguous brownish black spots
in the front, and a median spot of this color midway between
these and the posterior margin. Sides of head dusky. Segments
of thorax and abdomen pale olive above, the scutes of the
abdominal: segments narrowly edged with black, under parts and
legs chiefly white. It differs from the European species in the
form of the lgula, which is produced, and furnished at its tip
with two strong sete.

From Cedar Creek, Aug. 8.

Thermonectes basilaris, Harr.

(Harris, N. E. Farmer (as cited by Crotch); Crotch, Trans. Am.
Ent. Soe., iv, 402, 1872—73. )

About .44 inch long, general color black, with front, sides of
thorax, and elytra yellowish brown. A line of this color also
_ across the middle of the thorax. This was the largest beetle of its
family taken at Quincy. It was captured in the same locality as
the larva preceding, and may prove to be the adult, since the
genera Acilius and Thermonectes are closely allied.

Locality: Cedar Creek.

FamILy GYRINIDm. (WHIRLIGIG BEETLES. )

These are the shining black beetles so often seen in large num-
bers circling about on the surface of the water. The three Ameri-
can genera all have representatives in Lllinois. The beetles may
be recognized by their flattened bodies, short, stout antenne,

-_

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97

double eyes (the margin of the head being continued across them),
elongated fore legs and short, flattened middle and hind legs.
They secrete a milky fluid, which probably is offensive to fishes,
since notwithstanding the great numbers in which they oceur,
they are very rarely eaten by other animals. The eggs are placed
in parallel rows on the leaves of plants in the water. The larvze
of European species are fully grown at the beginning of August,
and creep up rushes and spin upon these a papery cocoon. The
adult beetle emerges from this in about a month and returns to the
water, where it hibernates in the mud. In some cases the cocoon
is placed at some distance from the water, under the bark of trees.
The beetles are said to feed on dead insects. The larvee may be
known by their long slender bodies, the nine abdominal segments
of which are furnished at each side with long fringed respiratory
appendages. Tarsi with two claws. Posterior end of body with

four curved hooks.

Gyrinus analis, Say.

' (Say, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc, ii, 108, 1825; Compl. Writ., ii,
520, 562. )

A small Gyrinus which I presume to be this species was seen fre-
quently on the pools in immense swarms, often with a few specimens
of the larger Dineutes among them. When they were dipped up and
carried ashore they turned and began making their way back to
the water with surprising unanimity. This evident knowledge of
their whereabouts and ability to take care of themselves on land
was quite in contrast with the behavior, under similar circum-
stances, of the equally common water bugs of the genus Corisa.
The latter, when brought ashore by the nets, scattered in every
direction, and few of them ultimately reached the water again.

The food.of those examined consisted entirely of fragments of in-

sects, which, judging by the large number of hairs, scales, and.
fragments of legs, were from moths which had fallen upon the
water. Other species of Gyrinus from other parts of the State
have been found to contain similar matter, from which it seems
probable that they depend upon food of this character.

Dineutes assimilis, Aubé.

(Cyclhinus assimilis Kirby, Fauna Bor. Am. iv, 78, 1837; Dineutes
assimilis, Lec., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., xx, 366, 1868.)

Two of three specimens examined contained fragments and scales
of moths; and the third had eaten fragments of small predaceous
land beetles, and an aquatic worm,—Lumbriculus, or of some allied
genus. The beetles are the common large whirligig beetles of
ponds and lakes everywhere in the State. They were common in
most of the pools at Quincy, and a few were noted sheltered
among the branches of a partly submerged tree that had fallen
into the swift current of the Mississipi River.

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Gyrinus, larva.

A small larva about .25 inch long, from Wood Slough, agrees
exactly with published accounts of larve of this genus. Only one
example was taken, though doubtless they were common, judging
by the abundance of adult beetles.

Famity HyprRopHILIp®.

The beetles of this family bear a close general resemblance to
the predaceous water ‘beetles, from which they may be known by
their clubbed antenne. The legs, though generally somewhat
flattened, are moved alternately in swimming, and are not as ef-
ficient for rapid locomotion as are those of the Dytiscidz and
Gyrinide. In the beetle state the food is largely decomposing
vegetable matter. Occasionally the large species attack mollusks
or amphibians. The larvee are carnivorous, and, like those of the
Dytiscide, do a good deal of damage in fish ponds. They have a
single tarsal claw. The labrum is wanting. The 8th pair of
spiracles is terminal, and the posterior end of the body is deyoid of
hooks. Some have fringed appendages along the abdomen lke
those of Gyrinus larve. The eggs are placed by the female in a
silken case, sometimes attached to leaves or sticks which keep it
at the surface, in other cases carried about by the beetle. A sin-
gle case may enclose a hundred or more eggs. After hatching,
the young larve remain for some time in the case, where they are
protected from their enemies and insured a supply of air by be-
ing kept at the surface. A European species, very similar to our
large black Hydrophilus, becomes fully grown as a larva in one
‘hundred days, and leaves the water to burrow in the earth for
pupation. The beetles hibernate in the mud and under rubbish

Hygrochus squamier, Lec.
(LeConte., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vii, 359, 1855.)
Found in Willow Slough August 15. Not common.

Hydrophilus nimbatus, Say.
(Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 203, 1823; Compl. Writ. u,
130.)
This is a shining black species, with yellow margin to the thorax
and wing covers. It is evidently a scavenger. The digestive tube is
long and coiled like that of a tadpole. It is commonly filled with
a brown matter, largely granular and unrecognizable, among
which are numerous diatoms, desmids, and fragments of filamentous
algze.
Moderately common in Willow Slough and Cedar Creek.

Beorsus pantherinus, Lee.

(LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vii, 864, 1855; Horn, Proce.
Am. Philos. Soc., 1873, 122.)

99

A common and widely distributed species. The long intestine
is filled with matter like that found in Hydrophilus nimbatus,—
probably largely decaying vegetable matter. Mixed with the
granular matter are many diatoms and bits of filamentous alge.

- Localities: Harkness Slough, Willow Slough, Cedar Creek,
Long Lake, Wocd Slough.

Berosus striatus, Say.

(Hydrophilus striatus, Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., N. Ser.,.
v, 188, 1825; Compl. Writ., ii, 292.)

Food like that of the preceding species, the only recognizable
objects in the alimentary canals being in this cases diatoms.

The species is abundant in Cedar Creek, and was found also in
Ballard Slough.

Hydrophilide, larva (1).

A small larva with depressed and rather stout body, with a
median brown band on the head and a pair of obscure dusky
longitudinal stripes on the abdomen above. Pale below. Sides of
thorax and abdomen tuberculate. The mandibles are unlike any
we have seen. They are rather long, sickle-shaped, and bear at
about the middle of their inner edge a strong tooth with bicuspid
apex, minute denticles on its anterior edge, and one or two small
teeth at its base. The largest example taken is a trifle more
than a half inch long.

Locality, Cedar Creek.
Hydrophilide, larva (2).

A small larva about .25 inch long, common in Cedar Creek, is:
evidently the young of one of the above species of Berosus. The
body is widest at the middle and tapers pretty uniformly to the
extremities. Head small; ocelli superior; clypeus denticulate.
Basal segment of maxille unusually long and strong. Segments
of body coarsely wrinkled, the seven anterior divisions of the
abdomen each with a pair of long naked respiratory filaments.
Terminal segment nipple-shaped; no caudal appendages. Young
examples are transparent in life, but grow more opaque when
older.

FaMILy STAPHYLINIDE. (ROVE BEETLES. )

Small species of this family of beetles were always common in
the mud and sand at the edges of sloughs, and many were noticed
floating and struggling on the surface in the latter part of Au-
gust, after the water had risen suddenly.

Famity PARNID#®.

These are small beetles with tarsi of five segments, of which the
last one is as long as all the others together and carries two very long
simple claws. The body is frequently elongated and subcylindrical,,

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not at all depressed, sometimes pubescent but in other cases naked.
They creep about or burrow in the mud under water. From the
structure of the jaws they have been supposed to be carnivorous.
The larve are greatly flattened and live under rocks, sometimes
in rapid currents.

Stenelmis vittipennis, Zimmermann.
(Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ii, 259, 1869; Horn, ibid., iii, 40, 1870-71.)
Taken in Willow and Wood Sloughs.

Macronychus glabratus, Say.

(Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., N. Ser., v, 187, 1827; Compl.
Writ. ii, 292.)
Wood Slough, Aug. 4. Not common.

Famity HETEROCERID®.

Heterocerus mollinus, Kies.

This is a small brown pubescent beetle about .20 inch long,
with a few irregular yellow marks on the wing covers.

It occurred in very great numbers in the earth at the edges of
- the more isolated sloughs, in burrows resembling miniature mole
hills. When the seines brought the water over the burrows the
beetles at once appeared and took flight. The larve also were ~
present in abundance, and were found at times exposed on the
surface of the water.

My attention was especially drawn to the curious little mud
cases which the larve construct when ready to pupate, and of
which I have seen no published description. The cases are always
made in the moist mud at the immediate edge of the water and
are carefully detached from the adjacent soil, so that each stands
in a little hollow. From one side arises a closed chimney often equal
in height to the basal portion of the case. The beetles were emerging
from the cases on the 11th of August, always making their way out by
creeping up the chimney and breaking through its extremity. The
beetles were seen along most of the sloughs and lakes. The mud cases
were noted as especially abundant along Long and Broad Lakes
and Harkness Slough. At the edge of the first-named lake eighteen
of the cases were counted on an area about one foot square. The
food of both adults and larve consists of brown granular matter
containing numerous diatoms, and of small cells, isolated and in
chaplets, of what Prof. Burrill thinks is a Conferva,—one of the
alge which grows on moist surfaces.

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ORDER TRICHOPTERA. (CasE FLIEs.)

\ . a . : : e
‘Adults with four membranous wings, the hind ones of which

are the broader and are often folded longitudinally when at rest.

Mandibles rudimentary. Tarsi of five articles. Prothorax a small

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THE HICKORY SHAD.

Olupea mediocris.

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ring. Larve with three pairs of jointed legs, and a distinct head
with biting mouth-parts. Pupa inactive, but able to creep out of
the water, or to swim rapidly to the surface when ready to yield
the winged adult.

Larve of this group usually construct movable or fixed cases
with openings at the ends. These cases are sometimes of
peculiar shape, and oftener attract attention than the winged in-
sects. They may be cylindrical, cone shaped, spiral, like a flat-
tened ink bottle, ete., and generally have bits of vegetation, or
sand, fastened over the outer surface. The adults are small, ob-
scurely-colored insects, which usually take no food, and after de- —
positing their eggs soon die. The eggs, enclosed in a gelatinous
material, are placed on aquatic plants, the females, it is thought,
sometimes descending into the water for this purpose. The larvee
feed on vegetable matter, such as dead leaves, stems, and wood, but
sometimes devour also small insects and crustaceans. Those I have ex-
amined are abundant in small streams in Central Illinois, and make
large cylindrical cases, to the outside of which are fastened longitudi-
nally, numerous small sticks. The alimentary canal of this larva
has always been found filled with decayed woody vegetable mat-
ter. The pupz are formed in the cases which are, if movable,
fastened down by the larva previous to pupation.

_Trichoptera, larva (1).

The common case-fly larva at Quincy was a somewhat unusual
one as to habits. Most of our species creep slowly about on veg-
etation or on the bottom. This one is a free-swimming larva and
one or two were always taken when the surface net was drawn
over the deepest water of Quincy Bay. It was captured on one occa-
sion in the swift current of the river in a net drawn after the steamer
“Hannibal Eagle’. The case is trumpet-shaped, gradually decreas- -
ing in caliber from the larger end (which has a diameter of about
.O7 inch) to the smaller extremity, where the diameter is about .03
inch. The outside of the case has scattered bits of dead vegeta-
ble matter fastened over it, and numerous minute particles of sand.
Fastened to one side, sometimes to two sides, is a long rootlet or
twig of a weed that may project at one or both extremities some
distance beyond the case. The larva is plain white, with the head
mottled with yellow and deep brown. Along the sides are at-
tached fleshy respiratory filaments. The usual tubercles and hooks
for adhering to the case are present. lt swims by striking the
water with the very long and heavily fringed hind legs, these
being projected beyond the large opening for this purpose.

Trichoptera, larva (2).

A second larva lives in a short, conical case about .25 inch long,
with a diameter of .125 inch at the larger and of .06 inch at the
smaller end. The outer surface is thickly covered with bits of
dead vegetation, but lacks the long pieces which seem never to be
absent from the other cases. The larva also is short and stout,

: oo I ae Oe
102 -

but is not otherwise very different from (1). The posterior legs
are not so long and slender relatively and the fringe is less per-
fect. This form was taken from the bottom in Willow Slough.

Trichoptera, pupa.

A pupa of some species of this group was taken in Willow
Slough sealed up in its cylindrical case of dead vegetable materi-
als. At the end towards which the head laid, a narrow slit had
been left for the passage of water for respiration. Judging by
the cast larval skin with this pupa, it cannot belong to either of
the two larvz described.

ORDER NEUROPTERA. (HELLGRAMMITES AND LACE-WING
FLIES. )

With four ample membranous wings with numerous longitudinal
and cross veins. Mouth with strong biting mandibles. Labial
palpi 3-jointed. Antenne filiform. Prothorax large and square.
Larve with jointed legs, and a large head bearing free mouth
parts. Pupa inactive, with mandibles.

The order contains two families, the larve of which are very
different in habit. The lace-wing flies are throughout life terres-
trial, and are well known to gardeners and fruit-growers for the
good they-do by devouring plant-lice. The hellgrammites or
crawlers are aquatic during the larva stage and feed upon other
water insects, such as case-fly and May-fly larve. They are them-
selves to some extent used by sportsmen as bait in catching fishes,
their tough skin rendering them easily disposed and retained on
the hook. They are furnished with seven or eight pairs of re-
spiratory filaments along the sides of the body for use in the
water, and have, besides, breathing pores (spiracles) which they
use when they leave the water to pupate in the earth. The tarsi
have two claws. The eggs are deposited in large, whitish discoidal
masses on the leaves of trees and on the sides of boats and barges.

Corydalis cornutus, Linn. (Hellgrammite. )
(Walsh and Riley, Am. Ent., i, 61, 1868.)

The larve and adult of this large insect often attract the atten-
tion of those who live on our rivers. ‘The species is not often seen
in the interior of the State. Along the Mississippi River it
is very common, though its abundance is not commonly ap-
parent excepting during the egg-laying season. In August the
wood barges and boats in the bay were resorted to by the females,
and the masses of eggs were left in numbers upon the timbers.

ORDER HEMIPTERA. (True Bves.)

Wings four, the front ones often thickened at the base Mouth
parts suited to taking liquid food, long, slender, and commonly
enclosed by a jointed beak formed of the modified labial palpi.
Prothorax free. Larvee and pupe active, differing from adults only
in size and in the absence of wings.

103

It is one of the most important groups of aquatic insects, both
on account of the food its members furnish to fishes, and also
because of the serious injuries which some bugs do to fish eggs
and fry. The genera Ranatra and Belostoma are especially to be
remembered as containing some of the worst insect enemies to
fishes of which we know. Most of them begin a predatory life as
soon as hatched from the egg, and continue it without cessation
throughout their existence. The common food is larve of other
insects, mollusks, and the like. The eggs are generally deposited
on aquatic plants, sometimes enclosed in gelatinous matter, but in
many eases quite naked. Corisa sometimes places its eggs on the
shells of crayfishes. Eight families of the order have common
representatives in the waters of the State. Of these, five are rep-
resented in the collection made at Quincy.

Famity HyproBaTIpm. (Crazy Bues. )
Limnotrechus marginatus, Say..

(Gerris marginatus, Say, Heteropterous Hemiptera, 1¢31, 807.)

A small slender-bodied insect about .40 inch long, with long
slender legs by means of which it pushes itself along on the sur-
face of the water. The whole under surface of the body is covered
with a silvery coating which repels the water and so aids the
Insect in its singular method of locomotion. The eggs are at-
tached to aquatic plants, and the young pup resemble the
grown insect except for the wings and increased size. In winter the
adults are found under rubbish in the shallow water at the edges
of streams. The species was common in a number of the sloughs |
and was noted especially in Harkness Slough, Willow Slough, and
Long Lake.

Stephania picta, H. Sch.

(Uhler, Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, 270.)

A small brightly colored insect taken only in Wood Slough and
Long Lake.

FaMILy VELIID®.

Mesovelia bisignata, Uhler.
(Uhler, Stand. Nat. Hist., u, 274.)

A small greenish yellow insect about .12 inch long, which is fre-
quently found on the surface of water. Frequent at edges of
Willow Slough Aug. 15.

FAMILY BELOSTOMATID®.

Benacus griseus, Say.

This is one of the large, flat, predaceous bugs that sometimes
become destructive to young fishes. It is reported by Mr. C. A.
Hart, of this Laboratory, as common at the electric lights in

< ed Pott ok bm,
104

Quincy. It was not seen in the water, but this was doubtless due
to some peculiarity in its habits. For some reason it is never
brought out in the seines and dredges in parts of the State in
which the numbers taken at electric lights show it to be very
common. Our small species of this family (Zaitha fluminea)
often comes out in the seines by dozens.

Famity Nepmp#. (WATER SCORPIONS. )

Ranatra 4-dentata, Stal.

(Stal, Ofv. Vetensk.-Akad., Foérhandl., 1861, 204; Uhler, Stand.
Nat. Hist., ii, 255.)

A long, slender, brown bug with two long caudal stylets.
Length about 148 inch. Legs long and slender, the front pair
suited to grasping. It is very slow of motion and creeps about
on the bottom or on plants, depending on its resemblance to a
piece of dead vegetation for securing the animals upon which it
preys, and for avoiding its enemies. It is said to puncture
and destroy the eggs of fishes. Its own eggs are elongated and
are provided with two long filaments at one end.

Famity NoToNECTID®. (WATER BOATMEN. )

Notonecta undulata, Say.
(Heteropterous Hemiptera, 1831, 39; Compl. Writ. i, 368.)

A small strongly convex insect about .40 inch long, which
swims back downward by oar-like movement of its elongated and
flattened hind legs. Eyes red-brown. Color pearly white, and
black. An active predaceous insect, capable of inflicting a severe
sting with its beak when handled incautiously. The eggs, which
are elongated, cylindrical, and white, are attached to aquatic plants.
The young have been observed to emerge in May.

Taken in Quincy on Cedar Creek.

Plea striola, Fieber.
(Uhler, Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, 253.)

A minute, brown, hard-bodied species which is quite common in
many streams in Ifllinois.

Taken only in Willow Slough. Not common.

Famity CorisiID&.
Corisa signata, Fieber.
(Abhandl. Kon. Bohm. Gesell. Wiss., 1852, 233. )

This small species was extremely abundant in the temporary
pools, especially so in Wood Slough.

: PY Pte ae Pe nre Ke b
a he Vay? x i % ;
105

Corisa alternata, Say.

(Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil, N. Ser., iv, 329, 1825; Compl.
Writ., ii, 251.)

This is the commonest Illinois Corisa. It was less abundant in
some of the Quincy pools than the preceding, but was more
widely distributed. Noted especially in Cedar Creek and Long
Lake. The eggs are oval and have a small prominence at the
free extremity. They are attached generally to plants.

ORDER ORTHOPTERA. (CrickrETs AND GRASSHOPPERS. )

This is a strictly terrestrial group, and calls for mention here
only because of the constant presence, on the banks of streams
and pools, of species belonging to it, which doubtless have an ef-
fect as fish-food, and otherwise, on aquatic life. At Quincy, a
small cricket (Tridactylus apicalis) occurred in myriads among

weeds which were springing up from the mud at the edges of
sloughs, and individuals were sometimes found upon the water.

ORDER PLECOPTERA.

Wings four, membranous, net-veined, sometimes folded longi-
tudinally when at rest. Antenne long and_ setiform. Tarsi
3-jointed. Prothorax wide. Abdomen frequently with two long,
jointed caudal stylets. Larve and pupe like the adults excepting
as to size and wings.

Small insects, which, as nymphs, live under rocks and boards, often
in swift-flowing water. The pupa takes food, and after attaining
its growth leaves the water and transforms to the winged adult.
In a number of points they are allied to the grasshoppers.
Plecoptera, nymph.

A flat nymph found in Willow Slough. It is about .52 inch long
and bears at the end of the abdomen two long, jointed appendages.
The antennz are long and slender, the mouth parts much like
those of a grasshopper or cockroach. Head very wide, and with a
pair of compound and three simple eyes. Three divisions of the
thorax large, with expanded terga, and bearing at each side
cottony respiratory tufts. Legs with strong femora and three-
jointed tarsi.

They were not common at Quincy, probably because the waters:
do not furnish them suitable shelter.

ORDER ODONATA. (Dracon FLies, SNAKE FEEDERS. )

With four large membranous, net-veined wings. Mouth provided
with strong biting mandibles. Antenne minute. With compound
eyes. Prothorax very small. Tarsi of three articles. Abdomen
with cuudal appendages. The pup are active and aquatic. The

106

larvee are distinguished from other aquatic insects by the possession
of a large protractile lower lip furnished with movable jaws (palpi)
at its extremity. Respiration in the larva and pupa is effected by
means of several caudal leaf-like gills, or by a branchial apparatus :
in the walls of the hind part of the digestive tube. They are
predaceous when adult, feeding upon gnats, mosquitoes, flies, ete.,
which they capture while flitting rapidly about. The larve and
pupz also have the reputation of préying upon other insects, and as a
rule this will probably be found true; but an examination of
several larvee shows them to be in some cases largely vegetable

feeders, and possibly scavengers, the alimentary canal containing

numbers. of desmids, diatoms, fragments of moulds, and a good

deal of material (probably slime) gathered from the bottom for the

small organisms and the organic matter contained init. Theeggs
are dropped into the water as the females fly over it, or may be
attached to submerged plants. Members of one genus are said to
go beneath the surface and insert the eggs in the stems of plants.
The young are common objects in the stomachs of fishes. The
adults were not common about the pools in which the Fish Com-
mission work was done. An occasional large species with clear
wings was seen, and a small, slender-bodied form was noted as
common about Lily, Long, and Broad Lakes. These were the only —
winged dragon flies seen. In the water, on the contrary, the imma-
ture stages of a number of species were common. These latter
fall into four groups, which, for the purposes of this paper. may |
be characterized as follows: .

Antennz filiform, of seven articles. Legs slender, not suited to
digging. Abdomen long, cylindrical, terminating in three large, |
flat, leaf-shaped respiratory appendages. Includes numbers 2 and

a AA oR AA a i 2 POD EMO em HRA eR LoS A grionina.

Antenne stout, of four articles, the distal one rudimentary.
Legs stout, suited to digging; tarsi of two anterior legs of two
articles; tarsi of posterior legs of three articles. Labium not cleft.
Includes numbers 4, 5, and 6........ Nase ot: . kt Gomphina,

Antenne filiform, of six or seven articles. Legs slender; all the
tarsi of three articles. Labium with a narrow median cleft, Labial
palpi not expanded and spoon-shaped. Includes only numbers |
TPRERUNG ANOS - uid 2 Poise ate A kis ke RAE RHE eae ark tra ar #schnina. —

Antenne filiform, of seven articles. Legs slender. Labium not !
cleft. Labial palpi expanded and spoon-shaped, meeting along the __
middle line. Includes numbers 9-12................. Libellulina,

1. Agrion ramburii, Selys.
(Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A., 1861, 76.)

.,A small dragon fly with narrow transparent wings and slender
ody, with several of the hind divisions of the abdomen blue.
Possibly the adult of one of the two following.

Common on the vegetation about Lily, Long, and Broad Lakes.

107

2. Agrionina, nymph.

A larva about .72 inch long; common in Long Lake. Chiefly
brownish black. A pale, transverse band between the _ eyes,
and a ring of minute, pale dashes at the hind margin of each
abdominal segment. Legs chiefly white, a dusky band near the
tip of each femur. Caudal respiratory appendages marked with
broad, dusky cross bands; with a small spine at the apex of each,
and with basal portion of edges spinose.

3. Agrionina, nymph.

A short larva, less than .25 inch long, with banded legs and
antenne, and a median dorsal pale line extending from head to
end of abdomen. Possibly the young of the preceding, but I think
not.

From Wood Slough, Aug. 6.

4. Gomphus, nymph.

The larger examples of these young from Quincy are 1.10 inches
long. The abdomen is greatly depressed, but is quite uniformly,
though slightly, convex above. Palpus of labium with inner edge
toothed to the base, distal tooth not longer than the others. Front
edge of labium without median tooth. The wing-pads do not quite
reach the hind margin of the second abdominal segment. This
agrees with Dr. Hagen’s No. 12 in his “Monograph of the Early
Stages of Odonata.” Common.

Localities: Quincy Bay, Willow Slough, Lily Lake, Broad Lake,
Long Lake.

5. Gomphus pallidus, Ramb., nymph.

Dr. Hagen gives as the important characters of the young of this
species, the presence of a median tooth on the front edge of the
labium, the presence of teeth along the whole inner edge of tue
labial palpus, a median dorsal spine on the hind edge of the 9th
abdominal segment, and the presence of lateral spines on abdomi-
nal segments 7-9. It may be distinguished from the two species
here noted by the presence along the middle of the abdomen,
above, of an obtuse ridge. Very common in some of the sloughs,
and of large size, several measuring 1.20 inches in length. All
those taken in August were apparently about ready to yield the
winged form. Young of this species were taken in Cedar Lake
in October, 1882. From the two observations it seems probable
that the adults emerge in the latter part of summer, and that the
young hatching from their eggs hibernate in the mud.

From Harkness and Ballard Sloughs.

6. Gomphus notatus, Ramb., nymph.

These young are like the two preceding in general appearance,
but lack the median tooth of the labium of number 4 and the
dorsal ridge of number 5. They differ from both of the preced-

108

ing in having only about three blunt teeth on the inner edge of
the labial palpi. The commonest Gomphus at Quincey. Of vari-
ous sizes, some apparently ready to yield adults.

This is the Gomphus fluwialis of Mr. Walsh. Of the adult
dragon fly, Mr. W. says that it flies constantly over water, and he
thinks feeds exclusively on aquatic insects. It does not, as he
supposed, breed exclusively in running water. Common.

Localities: Willow Slough, Lily Lake, Broad Lake, Wood
Slough.

7%. Anax junius, Drury.

The adult is one of our largest and commonest dragon flies.
Its general color is obscure green, with some blue and black
markings. Wings clear, with a yellow wash. The young are to be
distinguished from all others taken at Quincy by the characters
given at the beginning of this group. The very young are
marked with wide transverse alternating bands of black and white.

Taken only in Long Lake, although the adults were seen now
and then about several of the sloughs.

8. LHpiceschna heros, (Fab.) Hagen.

Two smal} nymphs, the largest one about .72 inch long, were
taken in Wood Slough August 6. They were found clinging to
dead _ sticks, depending apparently on their dark obscure colors
for immunity from enemies. They agree in the main with Mr.
Cabot’s description of the young of this species. The antennz
are of six articles, the distal one being longest. The labium is cleft,
but lacks the tooth at each side. There are lateral spines on the
abdominal segments 5-9, and most of the segments have a median
dorsal ridge terminating in a tooth behind.

9. Libellulina, nymph.

A stout-bodied, pale brown nymph with scattered specks and
spots of brown. Legs annulate with brown. Segments 8 and 9
of the abdomen with large lateral spines: no dorsal hooks or
tubercles. The digestives tubes of several examples contained a
good many microscopic plants and animals, together with a brown
granular matter which I think had been gathered from the bot-
tom. Extremely common in the upper part of Cedar Creek; the
onty young of this group taken there.

10. Libellulina, nymph.

With a general resemblance to number 8, but rougher, and
the markings very obscure. A pair of tubercles between the eyes.
A series of erect cultriform hooks on the middle of the abdomen,
above. From the alimentary canal of one specimen a small mite
was taken. Others examined did not contain food. Common and
widely distributed.

Localities: Harkness Slough, Ballard Slough, Willow Slough,
Lily Lake, Long Lake, Broad Lake.

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23 Cel | 109

11. Libellulina, nymph.

Much like 9, but with smoother body, and lacks the
cephalic tubercles.. A distinct dusky bar between the eyes. Legs
annulate with dusky. Dorsal spines not cultriform, and not ele-
vated behind. Not as common as the two preceding.

Localities: Lily Lake, Long Lake.
12. Libellulina, nymph.

Similar to number 9, and possibly the young of the same
species. Tubercles of head relatively much larger. Dorsal spines
tuberculiform, erect. Body more slender, nearly uniform blackish
brown.

Two small examples from Willow Slough.

ORDER EPHEMERID®. (May Fttgs).

Wings four (sometimes two), net-veined, the posterior pair
much the smaller. Mouth parts rudimentary. Antennze minute,
bristle-form. Prothorax very small. With two or three long
caudal appendages. Larvz with branchiz attached to the sides of
the abdomen, in the larger and commoner species overlying the
back. Pupa active.

The adults of certain species of this group are familiar to any
one who has visited our rivers in July. They blacken the willows
at the water’s edge and cause the limbs to droop, in such quantities
do they collect upon them. In the evening, at times, they mount
into the air, and may be seen in countless numbers moving for
hours in one direction as if bent on migration. They are excel-
lent food for fishes, as is attested by the avidity with which many
of our fishes eat them, and were used as bait by sportsmen
in the days of Isaac Walton. The winged insect takes no food,
and lives only for procreation, but may, in confinement, live a
week or more. The eggs are dropped into the water or are placed
upon plants, the flies descending into the water for this purpose.
The larvye (nymphs) devour earth and sand containing dead and
living animal and vegetable matter.

Hexagena bilineata, Say.

This is the common brown May fly of Illinois rivers and lakes.
It occurs throughout the length of the State, and often in such mul-
titudes as to have acquired the name “mormon fly”. It is com-
monly very abundant in the middle of July. In August, at Quincy,
it was rare.

Hexagena, nymph.
An elongated, whitish creature, to be distinguished from most
other aquatic insects by the presence of seven pairs of branchie,

six of them plumose, attached along the sides of the abdomen
and carried turned over the back. Jaws long and curved; front

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with an obtuse tubercle. Compound eyes, round, black; legs
strong, suited to digging; abdomen terminating in three plumose
stylets. Length of largest example taken at Quincy 1.20 inches.
The food consists of earth richly charged with dead organic mat-
ter and with unicellular plants and animals. Such protozoans as
Euglena are quite common in it. A large part of the contents of
the digestive tube is sand, which seems to be taken incidentally
This is, in all probability, the young of H. bilineata.

It was common in Broad Lake; but elsewhere it was not often
taken.

Localities: Willow Slough, Lily Lake, Long Lake, Broad Lake,
Wood Slough.

Ceenis, nymph (1).

A small brown form with three long, fringed caudal appendages,
and with the respiratory appendages on segments 1-5 of the abdo-
men; those on segments 3-5 concealed by the plate-like pair of the
second abdominal segment. First respiratory appendages small,
erect, not concealed. Head without conical tubercles. Antenne,
legs, and caudal appendages white, with brown annuli.

A few examples were taken in Willow and Wood Sloughs.

Cenis, nymph (2).

A second small nymph, from Willow Slough, has three promi-
nent conical tubercles on the head which agree very closely with
those of the European species C. luctwosa, as figured in Mr. Eaton’s
monograph of this group of insects. Our insect differs in having
the prothorax narrowed towards the front; and in certain other
characters does not quite agree with Mr. Eaton’s deseription of the
genus.

ARACHNIDA. (Sprpers anpD Mires.)

Tetragnatha grallator, Hentz.

(Hentz, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vi, 26, Pl. iv, figs. 1 and 2.)

A small, slender-bodied, long-legged spider, large examples of
which are .50 inch in length. Extremely common about the
sloughs and lakes, often living over the water, exposed on dead
stems and branches. It was sometimes brought in by the small
seines in situations such that it seemed it must have pigs © in the
water. Its food probably consists of small gnats.

Arrenurus sp.

A pale water mite with long ciliated legs was frequently taken
by surface nets in the deep water of the bay. It is, I believe, a
river species.

.

4 il
VERMES. (Worms. )

This group has not the same importance to fish culture as have
the crustaceans and insects—unless it be as parasites—and we
shall not give those observed at Quincy more than a passing
notice.

One of the most interesting of those noted is a small cylindri-
cal worm with a retractile caudal dise from which arise four cili-
ated tentacles. It lives in great numbers in tubes on the under
side of lily pads in Lily Lake, and when undisturbed lies with
the hind end of the body out of the tube and, with the dise and
tentacles expanded, sways slowly about. It will probably prove to
be Dero intermedius, Cragin, though it is questionable if this is
more than a variety of D. digitata, Mull.

Leeches which I have provisionally separated as five species
were taken from the sloughs. All appear to belong to the genus
Clepsine. Several of them were very common, being brought in
on the shells of turtles, and at other times apparently attached
to fishes.

Quite a variety of rotifers were observed, but none of special
- interest except the large and beautiful Conochilus volvox, col-
onies of which, consisting of a dozen or more individuals, were
common in the open water of the bay, where they could always be
taken in surface nets drawn after a skiff.

Plumatella arethusa, Hyatt.
(Observations on Polyzoa, 95.)

One of the branching polyzoans was very common in most of
the pools, sometimes on sticks, on the under side of stones, and,
in Lily Lake, on the under side of the lily pads. The statoblasts
were frequently noticed scattered among alge and rubbish. :

Hyalinella vesicularis, Leidy.

(Plumatella vesicularis, Leidy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vii,
92. )

A single example of a small colony from Libby Lake, is re-
ferred to this species with some doubt.

Pectinatella magnifica, Leidy.
(Cristatella magnifica, Leidy, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., v,
265. )

The large masses of gelatinous matter so common in “back
water” in this region, are formed by the colonies of this polyzoan.
The animals themselves are on the outside of the masses and con-
stitute but a small part of the bulk of each mass. In the upper
part of the bay, in the inlets and mouths of sloughs, this animal

was very abundant. As the water subsided the masses were often
exposed, and were left in numbers to decompose in the air.
One of the largest masses seen measured 16.50 inches in greater
diameter by 12.50 inches in lesser diameter, with an average depth
of about six inches. Small spindle-shaped colonies were common
on the stems of dead weeds along the margins of the lakes. The
shape of the colony seems to depend entirely on the character of
the object upon which it is established. I could not see that
fishes, or indeed anything else, fed upon the gelatinous material.
Reproduction both by statoblasts and by eggs was in progress in
Avigust.

CCALENTERATA.

Hydra fusca, Trembley.

These small animals are the closest allies of the corals and sea
anemones of salt water, which our streams and lakes furnish. They
are, when extended, about .25 inch long, and consist of a tubular
body with a circle of tentacles about the one opening, the mouth.
They are commonly found attached by the end opposite the mouth
to plants and other submerged objects. I ‘was surprised to find
them on one occasion in Wood Slough in considerable numbers,
and took others with the surface net in the bay, where they must
have been floating at the surface. Those taken in Wood Slough,
Aug. 4, were multiplying very rapidly by budding. The food con-
_ sists of small animals which are captured by the tentacles.

PROTOZOA.

These are the lowest and simplest of animals. They are unicel-
lular, and chiefly microscopic. Notwithstanding their minuteness,
they are of considerable importance as fish food, and are probably
still more useful indirectly, since they constitute a large share of
the food of insects.

At Quincy the animals of this group varied with the vegetation
in the water. Where the plants were common, a variety of
species and an abundance of individuals might be expected. In
the river they were very rare. In the deeper water of the bay
they were not as common as at its edges, among the wood rafts
and the barges. They were most common in the stagnant water of
the lakes. Such genera as Amoeba, Diftlugia, Centropyxis,

Actinospherium, Voticella, and Euglena were abundantly repre-

sented. In Lily Lake a species of Pyxicola attracted attention
from its abundance. It was noticed in the alimentary canal of the
singular Dero mentioned above.

‘wo protozoans are especially deserving af mention here. The
elongated green Huglena viridis was always to be found in water
dipped up at any place in the bay. When the wind blew toward

west s ore for a number of hours together a dense coherent

oughs, and under the microscope this was found to consist largely
of the contracted, spherical Euglene. When placed under the
_ eover glass of the slide they soon become active again. Fishes —
and other animals could, and probably do, at such times collect
_ them in quantities for food. The second protozoan is Arcella
discoides which occurred in numbers with the Euglen:.

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