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ANNUAL “REPORT

OF THE

AMERICAN BISON
SOCIETY

OBJECT:
rHE PERMANENT PRESERVATION AND INCREASE OF
THE AMERICAN BISON

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1912

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
1912

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THE AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY

PRINTED BY _
POOLE PRINTING CO

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BOSTON, MASS.

CONTENTS

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

TREASURER’S REPORT

SrxtH ANNUAL MEETING

SixtH ANNUAL MEETING OF BOARD OF MANAGERS
CENSUS

TABLE OF THE LARGEST HERDS

First ANNUAL DINNER

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON STATE HERDS
THE Snow CREEK GAME PRESERVE

Tue “OvuTtaAw”’ REMNANT OF THE PABLO Bison HERD
REPORT ON THE Monrana NationaL Herp
LETTER FROM SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE

Girt or THE NEw YorK ZoOoLoGicaL Society
CONSTITUTION

List orf MEMBERS

APPENDIX
Report oF J. ALDEN LORING ON CERTAIN LANDS IN SoutH DAKOTA

SUITABLE FOR A BuFFALO AND GAME RESERVE

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
SUNDOWN IN THE BLUE MounTaIN Forest . . . . ._ ._ Frontispiece
Wicuita NaTionNAL HERD—GENERAL VIEW OF THE RANGE... . 3
Wicuita NaTionAL Herp aT A DisTaANcE GRAZING. . . . . . . 9Q
Wicuita Nationa HeERD—ANIMALS WALLOWING AT THE LEFT... 15

Wicuita Nationa, HeERD—HEADQUARTERS OF GAME WARDEN FRANK RusH_ 17
Wicuira Nationa Herp—Cows AND CALVES . . . eee mrs.)
Wicuira Nationa Herp—Cow anp CatrF . . . . .. . . . 2
Wicuira National Herp—CoMaNcHE AND His Favorite Cow IN CENTER 29
Wicuira NationaL Herp—A CHarGING Cow at CLosE Rance. . . 3il

Wicuita Nationa HERD—STARTING ON THE GALOP .... . . 3a

OFFICERS OF
frat eAMPRIGAN BISON SOCIETY
1912

OFFICERS

Hon. President, Hon. THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Hon. Vice-President, His Excellency EARL GREY
President, Prof. FRANKLIN W. HOOPER
Dr. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY
Dr. JOHN C. PHILLIPS
Secretary, WILLIAM P. WHARTON
Treasurer, CLARK WILLIAMS

Vice-Presidents,

BOARD OF MANAGERS

ERNEST HAROLD BAYNES ... vee oa ee MerdensN. or
CHARLES L. BRINSMADE . . 166 Colnmbia Heights, Brooklyn, N. Y.
WILLIAM: CV DEMORHSR 9 e. 60 Liberty St., New York City
EACH VIA SiG Me eye ahi deers 73 Ten Broeck St., Albany, N. Y.
Prof. MORTON J. ELROD . . . University of Montana, Missoula, Mont.
MADISON GRANT . . .. ..__ Seeretary New York Zoological Society
A BARTON SHE PIBURIN =) = =. 2 "1-0: 83 Cedar St., New York City
Prof. FRANKLIN W. HOOPER . . Brooklyn Inst. of Arts and Sciences
Dr. WILLIAM T. HORNADAY Shot ney. New York Zoological Park
‘Clalls Cs dis JOINTS) eee eee = Was Vecas, News Mexico
FREDERIC H. KENN ARD - Reals ace 220 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass.
TL PULID NINE TUOURIONG eg) eg Ge 5 te 6 KORERD, ING WE.
\iYG Sh ICOIRI DVN Se rie 157 Micha Ave., Chicago, II.
Prof. HENRY FAIRFIEL D OSBORN, Am. Museum Nat. Bhvoe N. Y. City
Dr. T. S. PALMER Pree. UN ane te Biological Survey, Washington, D. C.
BTID Week) aA Ree ae iy et ne es ee bow Concord. Mass:
Dr ORMNERG PEC US hee) oe 6 oe et Wenham Masse
JOR MSP EIChUPS a 0 ys tae) 8 en oe 2227 Jane St.) Pittsbure> Pa:
CUHORGTO, ID), IRVIN ok 33 Union Square, New York City
PON EUIN IONS HY ENIOWUR ca oY on ee 45 Wall St., New York City
CH STONEBRIDGE <...: . 4”. ~~ 23° Warren St:, New York City
HENS Pe HOMPSONISHTON. =. 2 40929) 722 2 === ©. ‘Cos'Cob, Conn:
SKONSUN| 1B, ADBUANIDIR, 599, 5 2 6 5 . . South Lancaster, Mass.
Mrs. EZRA R: THAYER. . . : 77 Bay State Road, Boston, Mass.
WILLIAM LYMAN UNDERWOOD, Mass. Inst. Technology, Boston, Mass.
WILLIAM Pa WHARTON * 2 ..-. a ARE ie Groton, Mass.

CGC ANRIS Walls DAVIS oe Windsor Trust Co., New York City

a Pe bis ra] 1

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ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have come together to-day at the end of the
fourth year in the history of the American Bison Society
to briefly review the work already accomplished, and
to plan for the future. A work which was begun four
years ago as a vision has made even greater progress than
could at that time have been anticipated in a decade.

The first President of the Society, Dr. William T.
Hornaday, acting from the same purpose as that for
which this Society was created was chiefly instrumental
as Director of the New York Zoological Park and Presi-
dent of this Society, in establishing a national bison herd
in the Wichita Mountain Range in 1908. The Yellow-
stone herd four years ago contained 70 buffaloes in a poor
and perishing condition. It now contains 125 buffaloes
in excellent condition, including 29 calves added to the
herd last spring. The Canadian Government acting on
the suggestion and example of this Society has now three
herds numbering about 943, or about one-third of all
the known pure buffaloes in existence. The Montana
National Range, established by the National Government
in 1910 with the co-operation of this Society. which
furnished for the range 40 buffaloes, was increased in the
spring of 1910 to 51, including 11 calves, and in the spring
of 1911 was increased to 69, including 18 calves.

The total number of buffaloes known to exist has
increased in four years from 1310 to 2760, an increase of
111%. If the work done by the American Bison Society,
by the National Government, and by the Canadian
Government is continued faithfully and persistently for
a series of years, the future of the American bison will in
all human probability be assured.

The action of the Board of Managers of the Society
during 1911 is recorded on pages 20 to 33 of the Fourth
Annual Report, copies of which have been furnished to all
the members of the Society, including the subscribers to

the Montana bison herd.
1

Conditions have not been favorable during the year
1911 for the establishment of a herd of buffalo either
in the Adirondack or the Catskill regions of this State.
The senatorial election of the spring of 1911, changes in
the office of the Forest, Fish and Game Commissioner,
and the financial conditions with which the State has
been confronted have prevented any action by the State
Government whereby a suitable tract of land may be
provided and enclosed on which a herd of bison may be
established.

In March, 1911, your Committee on the establish-
ment of State and local herds called on the Secretary of
Agriculture, the Hon. James Wilson, for the purpose of
ascertaining what might be his pleasure about establish-
ing a herd of bison in South Dakota. Secretary Wilson
agreed that it is desirable to establish a herd in that
State; that the Society acting in co-operation with the
Bureau of Biological Survey of the Department of
Agriculture, should determine what is the best locality
in the State of South Dakota for the establishment of a
permanent herd of buffalo; that the co-operation of
Senators and Representatives, especially those from South
Dakota, should be sought, and that a plan should be
carefully worked out and carried into execution.

The Committee called on the two senators and the
two representatives from South Dakota, found them all
interested and ready to help in the establishment of a
herd. Senators Gamble and Crawford and Representa-
tive Martin gave considerable time both in Congress and
in South Dakota to creating public sentiment in favor of
a National Game Preserve for a herd of bison and for
other wild animal life of the Rocky Mountain region

On March 31, 1911, a report was made by the Com-
mittee to the Board of Managers, and the Board author-
ized the making of a survey of the State of South Dakota
at a cost, including traveling expenses, not exceeding $500,
for the purpose of determining what locality in the State
would be best adapted for a National Game Preserve as
a permanent home for the bison.

Mr. J. Alden Loring, who made the survey for the
Wichita Mountain Bison Range, and on whose report

2

Photo by Dr. George W. Field

WICHITA NATIONAL HERD

GENERAL VIEW OF THE RANGE FROM SURROUNDING HILLS

Professor Elrod modeled his report to the Society on the
Montana National Bison Range, was, by the authority
of the Board of Managers, engaged to make the survey. _

Mr. Loring’s survey was made during July and
August, during a season of extreme drought and therefore
a season favorable for the study of grazing under con-
ditions least favorable to animal life. Mr. Loring com-
pleted his work at a cost within the appropriation and
three copies of his report were received by the Committee
in September.

Mr. Loring’s report, which I reeommend be printed
in full in the next annual report of the Society, indicates
that he examined the lands on several reservations in the
south and eastern part of the State, that he also examined
the Black Hills reservation and the Wind Cave National
Park. The latter he found to be a very desirable and an
altogether practicable area to maintain a large herd of
bison and herds of other large animals of the Rocky
Mountain region. He recommended in his report that
the Wind Cave National Park, comprising some 10,000
acres belonging to the National Government, be made the
nucleus of a Wind Cave National Game Preserve; that
sufficient lands be added on the east, north and south of

the Park to secure abundant water supply in the dryest of
seasons,—a part of these lands being the property of the
National Government, and a part of them privately
owned. The reasons for the recommendation made by
Mr. Loring are fully set forth in his report.

In view of the finding of Mr. Loring, and the previous
actions taken by this Society I beg leave to make the fol-
lowing two recommendations:

1. That the Society seek the establishment of a
National Game Preserve on the Wind Cave National
Park and adjacent lands.

2. That the Society seek the establishment of State
herds in New York, Colorado and other States as rapidly
as practicable.

The influence of the work of the American Bison
Society has been felt throughout the country not only for
the preservation of animal life, but also in the pre-
liminary organization of a Society for the conservation of
the American Indian with his native customs, cere-
monies, arts, ideals and religious beliefs.

In closing this brief report I wish to thank the Society,
and especially the members of the Board of Managers,
who have actively carried on the work of the Society
during the past year for their co-operation.

Respectfully submitted,

FRANKLIN W. HOOPER,
President.

TREASURER’S REPORT AMERICAN BISON
SOCIETY, YEAR 1911

GENERAL FUND

Balance January 1,-1OM se. .s oe $1,689.92
RECEIPTS
Dues, subscriptions and donations.......... $1,068.50
Interestvon bamk balance... ..05......-5 40.31
OSGeo!
IK etl meet neeee. LNon cr waltecwls Ble eee Big wien ca $2,798.73
DISBURSEMENTS
Prnting-and stationerys..0o2.. 2s... 4 e $ 83.05
Ost Ae Orme Teresi a a he. Or cae ee aS od 125.00
Se WAND CMe weclen ante ance pec ts en oe 1.80
Miscellaneous:
EK. H. Baynes, 10% of funds secured for
the Society: during 1910 22.2 2. 16.10
F. W. Hooper, proportionate part of
traveling expenses, trip to Washington 12.00
J. Alden Loring, salary and expenses in
re: investigation and survey for loca-
tion of a bison range in South Dakota 442.27
H. F. Whitney, clerical services, year
EDU Naeepeare Mace oa As ates ots ts ag ct a wena Pe 120.00
—————— 800.22
PUIG Oe nV oe Ane anv ae paeY Pree Baty Se nee ae yA $1,998.51
BISON FUND
Balance January 1 Ole sew ek se oe $432.60
RECEIPTS
Rebate of overpayment of express charges on
three bison arriving at Ravalli, Mont.,
Novembernc0.1 O108 as Sow a 99.95
IS aAINCC Donal een En na yet kk ee ep $532.55

SUMMARY

Balance in General Fund December 30, 1911. $1,998.51
Balance in Bison Fund December 30, 1911... SB VARG S

DA ns Pet ead se ares $2,531.06
CLARK WILLIAMS,

Treasurer.

Grand balance

January 11, 1912.

Audited and approved.
EpMUND SEYMOUR,
CHARLES L. BRINSMADE,
Committee.

SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING

HE Sixth Annual Meeting of The American Bison

Society was held at the American Museum of

National History, New York City, on Thursday, January
TY, 1912, at 10.30 a.m.

Present were President Hooper, Drs. Hornaday,
Palmer, and J. C. Phillips, and Messrs. Brinsmade,
Edwards, Stonebridge, Burleigh, C. L. and J. P. Huteh-
inson, H. F. Whitney representing the Treasurer, and
Wharton.

President Hooper called the meeting to order.
The Treasurer’s report was read by Mr. H. F. Whitney,
and referred to a committee for audit.

The Secretary presented reports from the three
national herds, which were in substance as follows:

(1) Montana National Herd. Article in Forest and
Stream for October 7, 1911, stated that 18 calves had
been born during 1911, and that the herd, in August,
numbered 69 head, all but one—a yearling bull, which
has a crippled hind-leg—being in good condition.

) The Yellowstone Park Herd. A letter from the
Superintendent of the Park, dated December 27, 1911,
stated that 29 calves were born in 1911; 22 young animals
—14 male and 8 female—died during December from a
disease resembling blackleg, but no deaths have occurred
since the 15th. Other casualties: One yearling bull
gored to death; one female calf died in September from
injuries received on the range. Total to date, 125.

(3) The Wichita herd. The Secretary visited the
Wichita National Forest and Game Preserve at the end
of September, in company with Dr. Geo. W. Field,
Chairman of the Massachusetts Commission on Fish-
eries and Game, at the invitation of Mr. Frank Rush,
Game Warden in charge, all meeting at the National
Conservation Congress at Kansas City, Mo. The See-
retary reported that the herd now numbered 30, 7 calves
having been born during the year, and that all the

7

animals appeared in fine condition. Dr. Field secured
some excellent photographs of the herd. The kind
hospitality of Mr. and Mrs. Rush was much appreciated,
and the short visit proved altogether a delightful one.

A resolution of thanks to the Secretary for his work in
connection with the Fourth Annual Report was adopted.

President Hooper then made his report. Upon its
conclusion, it was Voted, on motion of Dr. Palmer:
That the report of President Hooper be accepted and
printed in the Annual Report.

Dr. Palmer then reported for the Committee on
State Herds. It was Voted: To print in full the report
of Dr. Palmer in the Annual Report of the Society.

In reply to a question by Mr. Stonebridge as to what
Texas had done, if anything, Dr. Palmer stated that there
is no law in that State providing for State preserves,
and that the Legislature would not meet until 1913.

Regarding the disposition of the herd of Mr. J. W.
Gilbert, Dr. Palmer said that the bill which had for its
object the creation of a State Park and Preserve out of
the holdings of Mr. Gilbert, though pressed vigorously,
failed of passage, but that it would probably be brought
up again at the next legislative session.

Dr. Hornaday then spoke of the status of the out-
law bison of the Pablo herd.

On motion of Dr. Hornaday, it was Voted: That the
President of the Society be requested to communicate
with the governor of Montana, representing to him
the undesirability of allowing the slaughter of the Pablo
outlaw bison, and requesting him to take action to put
an end to it permanently.

Voted: That this Society should take action to urge
other States to enact laws similar to the New York
Bayne Law, forbidding the sale of all wild game.

Voted: That the Society indorses the recommenda-
tion of Dr. Hornaday regarding a bison range in the
Snow Creek Game Preserve.

Voted: That Dr. Hornaday’s report be printed in
full in the Annual Report.

Dr. Palmer then discussed the Loring Report on
the proposed Wind Cave National Game Preserve. He

8

Photo by Dr. George W. Field a
WICHITA NATIONAL HERD

HERD AT A DISTANCE GRAZING: THE CREEK CAN BE SEEN AT THE LEFT

called attention to the fact that it would be necessary
to secure two, three, or even four parcels of land lying
outside the present Wind Cave National Park in order to
insure a sufficient water supply, and suggested that
Mr. Seth Bullock be requested to make an examination
of these outlying parcels at once, if Congress is to be
persuaded to do anything at this session. He stated
that Mr. Martin, Representative from South Dakota,
was of the opinion that possibly about $3,000 for 160
acres might be a fair valuation. The fundamental
question is: Can we, with the approval of Congress,
obtain the necessary water right claims? If $10,000
should be required to secure three or four of these, and
$17,500 be required for fencing, probably about $30,000
would be necessary to put the project on a working basis.
This should be put up to Congress at once.

Dr. Palmer then moved: That the Society indorse
the report of Mr. Loring, and take immediate steps
to secure valuations of the lands necessary to be ac-
quired, in order to lay the proposition before Congress
at once.

The motion was seconded by Dr. Hornaday, who
expressed his surprise and pleasure at the discovery
of such an excellent opportunity. As to cost, it was
his opinion that it is a mere bagatelle compared with

9

the end in view, based upon a plan which appeared to
him thoroughly workable.

The motion was unanimously carried.

The meeting then proceeded to election of nine
managers of the Class of 1915, and elected the following
to the Board:

Professor Morton J. Elrod, Madison Grant, Col.
C. J. Jones, J. Alden Loring, Dr. John C. Phillips, C. H.
Stonebridge, Mrs. Ezra R. Thayer, William Lyman
Underwood, Clark Williams.

To fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of
Mr. Bridgman, Mr. F. H. Kennard was elected to the
Class of 1913, and to fill the vacancy caused by the
resignation of Dr. D. G. Elliot, Mr. H. A. Edwards of
Albany was elected, also to the Class of 1913.

Upon proposal of Mr. Seymour, seconded by Dr.
Hornaday, who outlined the great debt of the Society,
Col. C. J. Jones, better known as “‘Buffalo Jones,” was
unanimously elected an honorary member of the Society.

The recent death of Mr. James Philip, owner of
one of the largest herds of bison in the country, was
briefly referred to; and the fact that it would be useless
to ask Congress to appropriate a sum sufficient to pur-
chase this herd for the United States Government was
deplored by Dr. Hornaday.

Professor Hooper stated that he had suggested that
the administrators of the estate of Mr. Philip present
say ten or twelve animals to the proposed new herd.

On motion of Mr. Seymour, it was Voted: That
Mr. Loring’s report be printed in same form as the
Annual Report of the Society, and that it be included
in the Annual Report when that is published.

On motion of Mr. Stonebridge it was Voted: That the
Secretary be requested to communicate with the game war-
dens of Wyoming and Montana, suggesting to them the ad-
visability of watching and protecting the wild bison which
occasionally wander out of the Yellowstone National Park.

The report of the Auditing Committee was then
received and accepted.

The meeting then adjourned.

WILLIAM P. WHARTON,
Secretary.
10

CENSUS OF AMERICAN BISON IN NORTH
SU es ON eee 1, A912

Owner and Location

ARIZONA:
Grand Canyon Game Preserve—
C. J. Jones . ate
ARKANSAS:
Weiner—Albert Huber .
CALIFORNIA:
Long Beach—B. A. Grant”.
San Franciseco—Golden Gate Park
CoLoRAbDo:
Denver—City Park .
DELAWARE:
Wilmington—T. C. DuPont
Distrricr oF COLUMBIA:
Washington Nat. Zoological Park . |
ILLINOIS: |
Chicago—Lincoln Park...
Granville—A. W. Hopkins .
INDIANA:
Nappanee—J. 8. Walters
Towa:
Davenport—City Park .
Iowa Falls—City Park .
Keokuk—Rand Park
KANSAS:
Belvidere—Soldier Creek Park
Topeka—Park Depertpent”
Wichita—City Park
MASSACHUSETTS:
Newtonville—Norumbega Park Co. |
West Brookfield—Indian Rock Farm
MICHIGAN:
Detroit—Belle Isle Park .
Morley—De Mott’s Combined ‘Show
Missouri:
Kansas City—Horne’s Zoo. Arena
St. Louis—Forest Park .
MoNnrTANA:
Butte—Hlectric Railway Co., Co-
lumbia Gardens* .
Kalispell—Estate of C. E. Conrad
Montana Nat. Range, U. S. Gov’t
Ronan—Michel Pablo :
NEBRASKA:
Friend—J. W. Gilbert
Lincoln
Omaha
New HAMPSHIRE:
Newport—Blue Mt. Forest Asso. .
New YORK:
Buffalo—Zoological Garden.
N. Y. City—Wm. Bartels Co. .
Zoological Park
Cen. Park Menagerie
Rochester—Seneea & Durand-East-
man Parks SOY ann Segoe n
OHIO

Gein ee Park

Cincinnati—Zoological Garden |
South Newbury—W. B. Cleveland |
Toledo—City Park . : |

*Figures of 1911; not heard from mee year.

11

Males

=

He CO

41

—
WO bo

1

0
19

~]

a5
a

Who or

45

NS)
Nm WOR

or oo

Females |

5 in ine ;

Young
born
| in 1911

leas
uncer)|tain

—

to

an)

==)

CENSUS—Continued

ese
Owner and Location | Males Females | Young Total
: | in 1911
OKLAHOMA:
Wichita Game Preserve—U. 8. Gov’ tt 16 14 | a 30
Bliss—101 Ranch—Miller Bros. . | 6 PAL A 10 27
Pawnee—Major J. W. Lillie . . | 16 G84] "a9 84
PENNSYLVANIA: |
Allentown—Harry C. Trexler . 1 15) 0 2
Philadelphia—Zoological Park : 4 A 0 8
Pittsburg—Highl’d P’k Zoo Garden 1 1 0 IA
SourtH DaKora: |
Fort Pierre—James Philip . between 275 & 300 say 285
TEXAS:
Alto—C. EK. Mallory 5 1 0 0 1
Dallas—H. A. Fleming & Co.* a
(formerly Goodnight Herd). 120 u 120
Dalhart—Moore & Walker* . . 14 25 9 39
UvaH: about about
Salt Lake City—John E. Dooley** 70 18 70
WASHINGTON:
Seattle——Park Board 7. =. 2 3 0 5
WISCONSIN:
Milwaukee—City Park. . . . 2 3 1 5
WYOMING:
Yellowstone National Park :
Hencedsherd?: = Ver 5 oe te |. Oo 60 29 125
Waldtanimalsssss. 4) ae abou|t 25 roe 25
CANADA
ALBERTA:
Buffalo Park—Canadian Gov’t 10)52
Elk Island Park—Canadian Gov’t 53 1132
Banff National Park—Canadian G’t 27 |
ATHABASCA:
QWaldbBisom)inn 23: cat eee abou't 450 450
British COLUMBIA:
Vancouver—Board of Park Comrs. 1 0 0 1
MANITOBA:
Brandon—Inter-Provincial Fair* 2, 3 0 5
Winnipeg— Assiniboine Park . . | 2 2 1 4
ONTARIO:
Toronto—Riverdale Park . . . | ie 1 0 2
*Figures of 1911; not heard from thie year.
*FFigures not available until roundup i in jy figures of 1911.
78 calves born in 1912 up to June 8,
tOver 20 young animals died of Hace = 1911.
SUMMARY
AMERICAN BISON OF PURE BLOOD IN NORTH AMERICA
Total Total Total Total | Total
1912 | 1911 1910 1908 1903
Captive in United § States sat L288rrie ssi 1007 1116 969
Captive in Canada [ee Se set 626 476 4]
Captive in North America 2432 2285 1633 1592 1010
Wild in North America 475 | 475 475 325 Sen
All pure blood bison in No. |
_ America eee ‘ 2907 2760 2108 1917

Zeit | er6 | 129 | sor | | — (Spray q[@)
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Coles |0ZL- 6 19 || +09 09 i FE 6G 09 é LZ YB “JBN IUOASMOTIO X
4 OS Ae i ea tN ea ek ae ot aN Se a ey ae AWD
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062 1 G8c 2 SC] é é é C6 é é é &9 (pasvadap) diryg soures
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Divo. {| aciop S sTIng ;

SUVHA HAA LSVd AHL NI
VGVNVO CNV SHLVLS GALINA AHL NI SGYUAH LSADUVI HHL NI SHONVHO DNIMOHS WIEFVL

13

SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING OF
BOARD OF MANAGERS

HE Sixth Annual Meeting of the Board of Mana-

gers of The American Bison Society was held at

the American Museum of Natural History, New York

City, on Thursday, Jan. 11, 1912, at 2 o’clock, follow-
ing the Annual Meeting of the Society.

The meeting was called to order by President
Hooper, who immediately called Mr. Edmund Seymour
to the chair, and taking the floor, placed in nomination
for President, Dr. Wiliam T. Hornaday.

Dr. Hornaday then nominated Professor Hooper
for a second term, and strongly urged that no change
be made, especially at this time when the Wind Cave
Reserve project—distinctively an outgrowth of the
indefatigable efforts of President Hooper—was pending.

Dr. Hooper: “I withdraw; there is but one man
for the position.”

Dr. Hornaday: “I could not take on an additional
burden.”’

Professor Hooper was then unanimously reelected
President of the Society.

For First Vice-President, Dr. Palmer nominated
Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborn, and Mr. Seymour nom-
inated Dr. Hornaday. Dr. Hornaday was chosen.

Dr. John C. Phillips, of Wenham, Mass., was elected
Second Vice-President.

As Secretary and Treasurer, the present incumbents,
Messrs. Wharton and Clark Williams, were continued in
office.

Honorable Theodore Roosevelt and His Excellency
Earl Grey were reelected Honorary President and Honor-
ary Vice-President respectively.

The entire Executive Committee was also reelected.

On motion of Mr. Seymour it was Voted: That the
Treasurer be authorized to expend not to exceed $25 for
an appropriate certificate of Honorary Membership in
the Society for Col. C. J. C’Buffalo’’) Jones.

14

Photo by br. George W. Field

WICHITA NATIONAL HERD
ANIMALS WALLOWING AT THE LEFT

On motion of Dr. Palmer it was Voted: That Mr.
Seth Bullock of South Dakota, be requested to submit
valuations of lands adjacent to the Wind Cave National
Park, acquisition of which has been recommended by
Mr. Loring in his report, at a cost to be determined by
the Executive Committee.

It was Voted: That 750 copies of the report of Mr.
J. Alden Loring be printed for distribution to members
of Congress and others, the type to be kept standing
for inclusion in the Annual Report of 1912.

President Hooper then brought up the question of
a dinner. On motion of Dr. Hornaday, Mr. Seymour
was chosen to arrange for dinner complimentary to the
Senators and Representatives from South Dakota, the
Secretary of Agriculture and Col. C. J. Jones.

The Board then adjourned.

WILLIAM P. WHARTON,
Secretary.

15

THE FIRST ANNUAL DINNER OF THE
AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY

J N pursuance of the action taken at the Annual Meet-
ing of the Society held in January, the first Annual
Dinner given by the Society was arranged by a Special
Committee, of which Mr. C. H. Stonebridge, a member
of the Board of Managers, was chairman. The dinner
was held at Delmonico’s on Friday evening, February
23, at 7 o’clock. The President of the Society presided
and acted as toastmaster. Dr. Wiliam T. Hornaday,
Ex-President of the Society and Honorary Member,
spoke for twenty minutes on “The Past and Present
of the American Bison,” illustrating his address with
many lantern photographs. Colonel Charles J. Jones
(Buffalo Jones) spoke for twenty-five minutes on ‘‘The
Saving of the Buffalo,” in which he described his capture
in 1885 of fifty-eight out of the eighty-two buffalo calves,
which were the progenitors of all the buffalo herds now
existing in this country and abroad. Colonel Jones
used both lantern photographs and moving pictures to
illustrate his story. The Hon. J. D. Hand, of New
Mexico, gave a very graphic description of the capture
of two wolves which had been enemies of the sheep
raisers in New Mexico. Mr. Stephen N. Leek of Jackson,
Wvyo., spoke for thirty minutes of the elk herds of
Wyoming, and illustrated his description by lantern
slides and moving pictures of very great interest.
The President presented, on behalf of the Society,
a certificate of honorary membership in the Society to
Col. Charles J. Jones, because of the eminent services
rendered by him in the preservation of the buffalo.
The certificate was very beautifully prepared and con-
tained two sketches—one of Colonel Jones in the act
of capturing a buffalo calf in 1885, the other picture
representing a herd of buffalo grazing peacefully.
There were representatives of the Society present
from Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Penn-

16

Photo by Dr. George W. Field

WICHITA NATIONAL HERD
HEADQUARTERS OF GAME WARDEN FRANK RUSH

sylvania, Washington, D. C., Illinois, Missouri, New
Mexico and Wyoming. It is proposed that the next
annual dinner shall be held on the evening of the annual
meeting of the Society, which falls on the second Thurs-
day in January. ‘Those present were:

Mr. and Mrs. Bristol Barr, Ernest Harold Baynes,
A. H. Bond, Mr. and Mrs. Jules Breuchaud, Charles
Eabrncsmade. ino. LD, Bristol) Mis. Jb). Bristol}
Shiras Campbell, James L. Clark, Z. Marshall Crane,
Gen. John Crosby, H. A. Edwards, Charles Evans,
Mr. and Mrs. Flinn, Hon. and Mrs. J. D. Hand, F. A. J.
Hering, A. C. Huidekoper, Franklin W. Hooper, William
T. Hornaday, Col. C. J. Jones, Miss Jones, Stephen N.
Leek, John C. O’Conor, Dr. T. 8S. Palmer, John M.
Phillips, Robert R. Reid, Mr. and Mrs. Carl Rungus,
A. O. Salter, Richard Sears, Edmund Seymour, H.
Bridgman Smith, J. Stogdell Stokes, Mr. and Mrs.
C. H. Stonebridge, Mr. and Mrs. Albert Turner, Mr.
and Mrs. O. H. Van Norden, Harry P. Wood, M. W.

Zimmerman.

17

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON STATE HERDS

OCTOR PALMER, in behalf of the Committee on
State Herds, reported that conditions were such
that the committee was unable to take any steps towards
the location of herds under State auspices at present,
but several events which had transpired during the past
year indicated that it might be possible to establish
such herds in the near future. In New York and Illinois,
where the game departments collect large sums from
hunting licenses, conditions apparently are not favorable
for any immediate action. In Missouri an effort was
made at the recent session of the Legislature to have
the State acquire title to the Wetmore Preserve, but
the measure failed by a few votes. Had this project
been consummated, it would have furnished Missouri
with a magnificent State game preserve, already stocked
with deer and elk, and a place where buffalo and other
big game could be maintained. In Nebraska, the effort
to secure the Gilbert Game Park in Saline County, for
a State game preserve, also failed, but the introduction
of the bill and the endeavor to secure its passage show
that the people are keenly alive to game conservation,
and the importance of establishing refuges. In Oregon
a bill was passed authorizing the establishment of game
preserves on certain State lands, and, under certain
conditions, on private lands. While the provisions are
such that it may not be feasible to establish any pre-
serves suitable for buffalo, nevertheless, the enactment
of the law is an important step, and with slight amend-
ment may make possible the creation of a preserve
which shall be suitable for big game. Montana has
established three new State preserves, two of which, if
provided with enclosures, would afford admirable loca-
tions for additional herds of buffalo, should such action
be deemed advisable.
Recent action may make it possible to have a herd
of buffalo in Nebraska, although not directly under

18

Photo by Dr. Geor

WICHITA NATIONAL HERD
COWS AND CALVES

State auspices. On January 11, 1912, the Niobrara
Bird Reservation was created by Executive Order. This
reservation comprises some 10,000 or 12,000 acres of land
on the Niobrara River, near Valentine, including some
grazing land, and only needs a fence to make it an ideal
reservation for buffalo and other big game of the Great
Plains.

The committee calls attention to the importance of
having some small herds of buffalo established under
municipal auspices in certain sections of the country
where it is impracticable at present to locate State herds.
It is believed that this can be accomplished through local
enterprise with little or no cost to the Society beyond
the effort necessary to arouse chambers of commerce
or other local organizations to undertake the necessary
action. The present distribution of buffalo shows
that a block of eleven States in the Southeast, compris-
ing all those south of the Potomac and the Ohio, and
east of the Mississippi rivers, including Virginia, West
Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and
also Louisiana, are without a single live buffalo in either
city or private park. There is no place in these eleven

19

States, containing more than 20,000,000 people, where
their citizens have an opportunity of seeing a living
specimen of the American buffalo, except on the occa-
sional visits of a circus. There is no place where the
school children of about 25 per cent of the total popu-
lation of the United States can see one of the most
characteristic and important of the big game animals
of America. The same is true of the Northwest, in
Minnesota and North Dakota, and of the far West, in
Idaho, Oregon and Nevada. Such conditions should
not long continue. Some provision should be made for
establishing at least a few buffalo near important centers
of population, for example, in the parks of such cities
as Atlanta, Louisville, New Orleans, Memphis, Minne-
apolis and Portland, where large numbers of people
could have an opportunity of becoming familiar with
the grandest of American mammals.

20

THE SNOW CREEK GAME PRESERVE IN
MONTANA

MOVEMENT, that is not only on foot but really is

half consummated in Montana, in behalf of the preser-
vation of big game, will perhaps be of interest to the
members of the American Bison Society.

In the northern half of the great plains regions of the
United States, there has not been, until 1911, even a
semblance of a game preserve for what was once the big-
game fauna of the plains. In the southwest the Wichita
National Bison Range serves a purpose of that nature.

It is to be remembered that before the days of great-
game slaughter throughout the whole of the West, the
plains and badlands of Montana and Wyoming con-
tained an astonishing number of large species of wild
animals. The bison millions, the elk, mule deer, white-
tailed deer, antelope and even the Rocky Mountain
sheep all ranged eastward, actually into the Dakotas,
and some of them far beyond. In the last two decades
of the previous century, this great volume of valuable
wild life was either wholly wiped out, as to some species,
or left to be represented only by a few harassed and
widely scattered individuals. It is the fate of all plains
game, throughout the world, to be easily found and
quickly killed.

In 1886, Dawson County, Montana, still contained
many antelope, mule deer and white-tail, a few grizzly
bear, and,—most strange to say,—a few bands of mount-
ain sheep. Sage-grouse, jack rabbits, coyotes and gray
wolves were abundant.

In 1902, when the writer made a trip for hunting
and exploration from Miles City northwestward to the
Missouri River, coming out at the mouth of Hell Creek,
he found the country, for four-fifths of that distance,
practically cleared of game of all kinds! The ranches
were but little more numerous than in 1886; but domestic
sheep had come in, and as usual the ranchmen, sheep-

21

herders, cowboys and others had ‘‘cleared Gut’’ the game.
The difference was appalling. Even the coyotes, gray
wolves and sage grouse were reduced to the verge of
extinction.

In a wild region, of terribly deep and picturesque
badlands, bordering Snow Creek and Hell Creek, several
species of game were found hiding and making what was
literally a last stand. It was noted at that time that the
Snow Creek country would make a very good game pre-
serve; but at that time immediate action did not seem
imperative.

Early in 1911, it was learned from Mr. W. R. Felton,
a civil engineer of Miles City, that a new railway line
was being surveyed a few miles south of the Snow Creek
country, and that the construction of the road soon
would begin. This indicated the early “opening up”
of the whole region between the Yellowstone and Mis-
sourl rivers.

Forthwith steps were taken to bring to the attention
of Governor Norris, and the legislature of Montana, the
desirability of establishing the Snow Creek region as a
state game preserve; and with marvelous celerity a bill
to that effect was drawn, introduced, passed, and signed
by the Governor. The bill was introduced and cham-
pioned by Senator Cone. Without loss of time, a deputy
game-warden was appointed to stop all hunting within
the confines of the new preserve; and a survey was made
of the entire region.

When the survey had been made, it was found that
the estimates given to Senator Cone, and on which his
bill had been based, were geographically about two miles
out of the way. The whole strip of grazing ground along
the south that it was intended to include for antelope and
bison, had been left out. The southern boundary was
two miles too far north! It was then too late to secure
a revision of boundaries by the State of Montana.
Furthermore, it was found that under the State laws,
domestic sheep and cattle could not be excluded from
grazing in State preserves! This meant nothing less
than the total destruction of what little grass was avail-
able in the badlands.

22

Photo by Dr. George W. Field ;
WICHITA NATIONAL HERD
COW AND CALF

Relief was sought in Congress. At the request of
the writer, Senator Dixon introduced a bill (Senate
No. 5286) for the creation of the Snow Creek National
Antelope Preserve. That bill provides for a slight en-
largement of the boundaries, for the purpose of securing
suitable grazing grounds for the herds of bison and ante-
lope that the Preserve eventually will contain. It also
provides for national control and maintenance.

That bill is now before the Senate; but it is not
expected that it can pass both houses of Congress in
1912. On account of the fact that the bill calls for about
15 square miles of good grazing grounds, all the wool-
growers of Montana, backed by the National Wool-
Growers’ Association, are actively opposing the bill.
As usual, the sheepmen want all the grazing grounds of
the entire West, for their own pocket purposes. The
question now before the Senate is: Shall the 93,000,000
people of the United States have 15 square miles of
the public domain in Dawson County, Montana, as
grazing grounds for the preservation of the antelope and
American bison, or shall the sheepmen have the whole
plains region for their personal benefit, without money
or price? And this question is to be answered now, while

23

the tariff on wool is so fearfully high that poor people
must wear clothes of cotton or shoddy because they can-
not afford to wear clothes made of wool! (This is the
testimony of a reliable clothing merchant.)

The entire area proposed by the Dixon Bill contains
176 square miles, all but 15 miles of which are so wild,
so eroded, and so cut up by Nature as to be absolutely
worthless for agriculture, and good for nothing save a
game preserve. As a game preserve, the region pro-
posed by the Dixon Bill will make a very good one.
Even to-day it contains a band of mountain sheep,—
which is the best commentary on its rugged wildness.
It also contains a good remnant of mule deer, white-
tailed deer and antelope.

At the next session of Congress the fate of the Snow
Creek Antelope Preserve will be threshed out. The
sheepmen will fight it to a finish. J now call upon all
members of the American Bison Society to take this matter
up next December, and urge upon their Senators and
Representatives the desirability and the necessity of
finishing this undertaking by passing Senate Bill No.
5286 exactly as it stands, for the direct benefit of all the
people of the United States.

Shall three sheep-owners in Dawson County, Mon-
tana, be allowed to dictate the policy of Congress regard-
ing 15 square miles of buffalo grass that 1s now a part of
the public domain, and is wanted for the preservation
of samples of the wild-animal fauna that once inhabited
the great plains?

W:2 Tosa,

24

Photo By Dr. George W. Field

WICHITA NATIONAL HERD
COMANCHE AND HIS FAVORITE COW IN CENTER

THE “OUTLAW” REMNANT OF THE PABLO
BISON HERD

Qu E in line with the expectations of many persons

who had watched the difficult and dangerous task
of rounding up the Pablo buffaloes for shipment to
Canada, a considerable number of vigorous young cows
and bulls finally evaded all efforts to capture them.
The adventures of the Indian cowboys who did the
rounding up would, if written out in full, make a thrilling
story; but it seems that it is lost to history through the
fact that a historian who could do justice to the raw
materials was not among those present. Certain it is,
however, that after wearing out the Indians of Pablo’s
own tribe, the Flatheads and their allies, a strong Black-
foot contingent also was worn out, and the Outlaw
Remnant remained masters of the situation.

The Remnant surely represented the survival of the
fittest, and firmly believed in the soundness of that
Darwinian principle. It was the buffaloes that were
most courageous and swift of foot, and strongest in wind
and limb, that outfooted the Indian cowboys, and finally
wore them out. In final acknowledgment of his defeat,

25

and of his utter inability to corral and ship the outlaws,
about seventy-five in number, Pablo finally decided that
the only way in which he could get his money out of
them was by selling rights to ‘ ‘hunt” and shoot them, at
so much per head!

Accordingly the word went forth—in Canada—that
anyone who wished to become a genuine “buffalo hunter,”’
A. D. 1910, might do so by paying Michel Pablo, once
owner of the outlaws, $250 for the privilege of making a
kill. It was stipulated that Pablo would furnish free
transportation for the trophy head to the railroad.

On the above basis a party of eight or ten dis-
tinguished Canadians was made up, ‘each of whom
elected to become a near-buffalo-hunter. The astound-
ing feature of this whole enterprise was the presence in
that company of “hunters” of Commissioner Howard
Douglas, the man whose great interest in the saving of the
bison led him to negotiate with Pablo the purchase by
Canada of the Pablo herd. Until the proposed buffalo
hunt was arranged, we would have supposed that nothing
eould have induced Mr. Douglas to go out and deliber-
ately shoot down a perfectly healthy and vigorous
buffalo. There were those who at first refused to believe
that Mr. Douglas had entered into the buffalo-killing
plot. There were those who thought that those outlaw
buffaloes had not only fairly earned their freedom, but
were entitled to protection also.

At what was practically the last moment, the news
of the intended ‘‘buffalo-hunt’? on American soil leaked
out from the Flathead reservation, and finally reached
a man who spread it where he thought it would do the
most good. It was rightly pointed out that the event
proposed would, if consummated according to program,
be a disgrace to the United States. The idea of shooting
down bison because they could not be captured and sold
and shipped, was nothing less than revolting.

Mr. Henry Avare, Game Warden of the State of
Montana, proved himself the man for the emergency.
He applied to the Attorney-General of Montana for an
opinion regarding the legality of hunting and killing the
bison that had effectually escaped from Pablo, and were

26

Photo by Dr. George W. Field =
WICHITA NATIONAL HERD
A CHARGING COW AT CLOSE RANGE

at the¥moment fere natura. The Attorney-General,
Mr. —— considered all the legal aspects of the
matter, and was forced to the conclusion that under the
law forbidding the hunting, wounding or killing of
buffaloes in the State of Montana, the proposed buffalo
hunt would be contrary to law. In fact, since the out-
law animals had entirely escaped from Pablo and _ be-
come wild, with no controlling ownership over them,
they had distinctly come under the protection of the
laws of the State.

Game Warden Avare acted with commendable
promptness and decision. He quickly notified Pablo
that the hunt proposed could not take place. It seems,
however, that the word either arrived too late, or was
not transmitted to Canada in time; for the hunting-party
promptly arrived at Missoula, ready to take the field.
We refrain from setting forth the names of the gentlemen
who were present, because I imagine that they failed
to realize the shocking impropriety of the step that they
proposed to take.

A deputy game warden appeared, and informed the
leader of the party that the hunt could not take place.
The leader insisted upon the right of Pablo to sell hunt-

27

ing rights to those outlaw buffaloes, and declared that
they ‘would go out anyhow.” The reply was “If you
go, I will be obliged to send an officer with each man who
goes, to see that he does not shoot a buffalo, and to arrest
him if he attempts to do so.”

This was sufficient. The hunt did not come off;
but naturally there was much disappointment among
those present from Canada.

At this time, the seventy-five ‘“‘outlaw” bison still
are outlawing, in the rugged mountains surrounding the
old Flathead reservation. Pablo claims them, and I
believe he still offers to sell hunting rights at $250. Pablo
is said to assert that the animals are “dangerous” to the
Indians who live on the reservation, and it is reported
that one bull has been shot at and wounded on that basis.
The fear and consternation on the reservation is said to
be serious; but we think that it will be long before either
life or property is endangered by the outlaws that are so
wild that they cannot be rounded up.

Just what the future has in store for those wild
bison, no one knows. Inasmuch as they are fully under
the protection of the sovereign State of Montana, it is
safe to predict that some of them will survive, and multi-
ply. In the wild country surrounding the old reservation,
there is food, water and shelter for 10,000 buffaloes.
That some of the outlaws will be killed on the sly, and
contrary to law, is reasonably certain. No doubt some
of them will be slaughtered by Indians, practically in
revenge. But State Game Warden Avare is very much
“on the job” regarding those bison, and if there is any
killing it is reasonably certain that some one will be
punished to an extent that will exercise a salutary effect
on the public mind. It is our prediction that those
buffaloes will not be safe from molestation until at least
one white man and one Indian has been haled to court
and shown that an infraction of the game laws of Mon-
tana is a serious matter.

Since the above was written, the Secretary of the
American Bison Society, Mr. W. P. Wharton, has received
from Mr. Henry Avare, State Game Warden of Montana,
a letter which contains the following rather startling
paragraph:

28

ry

Photo by Dr. George W. Field

WICHITA NATIONAL HERD
STARTING ON THE GALOP

Tala bi}

here will probably be an effort made by Pablo to have special
legislation granting him the right to treat the animals now at large
as personal property. This will most likely come before our next
Legislature, and the measure will have many commendable features
as these animals were originally imported from the eastern part of the
State as personal property, a large consideration having been paid
for them. Major Morgan, the United States Indian agent for the
Flathead Reservation, is one of the most ardent supporters of this
proposed measure, and personally I believe that this consideration
is due Pablo.”

We will watch with keen interest to see whether the
Legislature of Montana will change its Game Laws to
please the pocket of Michel Pablo. Already Pablo has
been made immensely wealthy by his bison herd. In
Ravalli, I was told that he is supposed to be worth a
million dollars!

If the Legislature of Montana feels inclined to
change its Game Laws in order to swell the unearned
increment of Mr. Pablo, why should it not make the
testimonial benefit complete by making an appropriation
to pay for the capture of the bison that have so gallantly
gained the liberty of wild animals?

Weir:

29

REPORT ON MONTANA NATIONAL HERD

Unitep States DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
BuREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY,
Dixon, Mont., March 6, 1912.

Dr. Wo. T. Hornapbay,
American Bison Society,
New York City, N. Y.

Dear Dr. Hornaday: I suppose you would lke to
know how your pets are by this time. I am proud to
say that they have wintered well and are in fine condi-
tion. The buffalo herd on the Bison Range will in a few
years be noted as one amongst the largest herds of
buffalo in the country. I consider they have made a
very good showing in the past two years. From 40 head,
with two-fifths, or better, bulls, we now have 70 head,
all in fine condition except one yearling bull that got
bitten by a rattlesnake when a calf. He has a stiff leg,
and has never done very well.

The past winter has been the severest of any winter
since I have been on the range. The feed is so plentiful
that it was not necessary to feed any hay at all. We have
six elk on the range. I am looking for six more any day,
that were shipped from St. Anthony, Idaho, the 5th inst.
As they multiply very fast, it will only be a short while
till there will be a nice herd of elk on the range. We
also have a small band of antelope that were presented
by the Boone and Crockett Club to the Government.
If you ever chance to come to this part of the country,
be sure and stop at the range. I know that you would
be delighted to see the buffalo in their thriving condition.

Very sincerely yours,
(Signed) ANDREW R. HODGES,
Warden National Bison Range, Mont.

30

LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE
RELATIVE TO THE PROPOSED WIND
Cave RESERVE

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY,
Wasuincton, March 14, 1912.
Pror. FRANKLIN W. Hooper,
President, American Bison Society,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

Dear Sir: I am in receipt of your letters of February 27 and
March 6, with enclosures, in which you state that the American
Bison Society, after conference with the senators and representatives
in Congress from South Dakota and after a careful examination of
the ground, recommends the establishment of a National Bison
Range and Game Preserve on the Wind Cave National Park in
South Dakota. You further recommend that certain private lands
adjacent to this park be acquired at a cost of not more than $15,000,
for the purpose of affording an adequate and permanent supply
of water for the reservation, and that an appropriation be secured
from Congress for fencing the entire area at an estimated cost of
$17,000; and you state that as soon as such a game _ preserve is
established and enclosed with a suitable wire fence, The American
Bison Society agrees to place thereon a herd of not less than fifteen
pure-blooded American bison.

In reply I beg to say that the department fully appreciates the
generous offer of The American Bison Society, as well as the public
spirit shown by the Society in formulating this project and in col-
lecting the data necessary for submission to Congress. The National
Bison Range in Montana, established at the suggestion of, and
stocked with buffalo presented by, your Society, has been remark-
ably successful, and has demonstrated the importance of having
several such preserves at suitable points in the original buffalo
country. The Wind Cave National Park seems to offer a location
equal to that of any preserve thus far established; and if the plan
which you outline can be consummated, it will afford another range
as desirable as that in Montana.

The matter will be taken up at once, and your plan will be sub-
mitted to the Secretary of the Interior and to Congress in the hope
that the necessary legislation may be secured.

Respectfully,
JAMES WILSON,
Secretary.

31

Girt oF THE NEw YorK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY TO THE
ProposED WIND CAvE HERD

New York ZoouoGicaL Park,
New York, April 20, 1912.

Pror. FRANKLIN W. HoopEr,
President of The American Bison Society,
Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences,
Brooklyn, New York.

Dear Mr. President: The New York Zoological Society, through
its Executive Committee, authorizes me to offer The American
Bison Society a herd of ten buffaloes, consisting of males and females
of various ages, for the nucleus herd with which to stock the Wind
Cave National Bison Range, whenever it is established by Congress.
We would wish the cost of transportation to be met by the Bison
Society; but the crating will be at the expense of the Zoological
Society.

I need hardly assure you that these will be animals of absolutely
pure blood.

Your very truly,
(Signed) W. T. HORNADAY,
Director.

Brook yn, April 22, 1912.
Dr. Witu1am T. Hornapay,
New York Zoological Park,
Borough of the Bronx, New York City.

My Dear Dr. Hornaday: 1 have the honor to acknowledge the
receipt of your letter of April 20 in which you present, on behalf of
the New York Zoological Society, to The American Bison Society,
a herd of ten buffaloes, consisting of males and females of various
ages, for a nucleus herd for the Wind Cave National Game Preserve
in South Dakota, as soon as it shall have been established by Con-
gress, and on condition that The American Bison Society will pro-
vide the cost of transportation of the buffaloes from New York
to the Game Preserve, as stated, and with the further condition that
the expense of crating the buffaloes will be borne by the New York
Zoological Society.

This gift is not only a most valuable one, but most timely.
It comes when Congress has under consideration the establishment
of the Wind Cave National Game Preserve. The gift of this nucleus
herd will be a strong argument with Congress for establishing the
Game Preserve.

32

I have no doubt that The American Bison Society will accept
the offer contained in your letter with due recognition of its im-
portance.

I am forwarding copies of your letter to the Hon. James Wilson,
Secretary of Agriculture, and to senators and members of Congress
who are interested in establishing the Wind Cave National Game
Preserve and a herd of bison therein.

I beg you to receive for yourself, as Director of the New York
Zoological Society, and for its Board of Trustees, the grateful ac-
knowledgment of the offer that you have made from its President,
and the assurance to the Trustees that favorable action will be taken
by the Society at its next meeting.

Very sincerely yours,

FRANKLIN W. HOOPER,
President, The American Bison Society.

CLOSING PARAGRAPH OF THE REPORT OF MR. STANLEY
BuLLock on LANDS ADJOINING WIND CAVE
NATIONAL PARK

I sincerely hope that this proposed Buffalo Park meets with
the approval of the Government. I do not think they could find
a better location for a project of this kind. There is plenty of water
and shelter in the Park, and horses and cattle ranging there this
winter are in better shape than any that I have seen elsewhere.
I have had several years’ experience in the cattle business and can
say that the Park is an ideal location.

Yours very truly,
(Signed) STANLEY BULLOCK.

33

CONSTITUTION OF THE AMERICAN
BISON SOCIETY

ARTICLE I.—NAME

The name of this organization shall be The American Bison Society.

ARTICLE II.—OBJECTS

The objects of this Society shall be the permanent preservation and increase
of the American Bison.

ARTICLE III. —MEMBERSHIP

Section 1.—The membership of this Society shall consist of Associate Mem-
bers, Members, Life Members, Patrons, and Honorary Members.

Section 2.—Any person in sympathy with the objects of this Society may
become an Associate Member by paying the prescribed dues.

Any person in sympathy with the objects of this Society may become a
Patron, Life Member, or Member upon election by the Executive Committee
and payment of the prescribed fees or dues.

Section 3.—The dues of an Associate Member shall be one dollar, payable
annually. The dues of a Member shall be five dollars, payable anually. The
fee of a Life Member shall be one hundred dollars. The fee of a Patron shall be
one thousand dollars.

Section 4.—A Member may be expelled from the Society upon the written
recommendation of any officer, by a majority vote of the members of the Execu-
tive Committee present at any meeting, provided notice of such proposed action,
with reasons therefor, be sent to the member and to the Executive Committee
at least one week before such meeting.

ARTICLE IV.—GOVERNMENT

Section 1.—The governing body of this Society shall consist of a Board of
Managers of twenty-seven persons, divided into three groups of nine each.
The tenure of office of the Managers shall be three years, but only nine Managers’ ,
terms can expire by limitation in any one year. Therefore, at each annual meet-
ing of the Society, nine new members shall be elected by ballot of a majority
of the members present, due notice having been given in advance to all members.

Section 2.—The Board of Managers shall elect each year at its annual
meeting, from its own members, by ballot and a majority vote, a President,
two Vice-Presidents, Secretary, and Treasurer, and five persons to form, with
the President and Secretary, the Executive Committee of the Society. Hon-
orary officers, each to serve a term of one year, may be elected at the discretion
of the Executive Committee.

Section 3.—Vacancies occurring in the Board of Managers and Executive
Committee may be filled by the Executive Committee to complete the year in
which they occur.

Section 4—At the annual meeting a Nominating Committee, consisting of
three members, shall be appointed by the presiding officer; their duties shall
be to present a list of candidates to fill vacancies on the Board of Managers.

34

ARTICLE V.—DUTIES OF OFFICERS

Section 1.—The duties of the officers shall be such as pertain to their re--
spective offices in similar societies. The President shall be ex-officio chairman
of the Board of Managers and of the Executive Committee.

Section 2.—The Vice-Presidents shall perform the duties of the President,
in his absence, in the order of seniority of office.

Section 3.—The Secretary shall record the proceedings of the Society, of
its Board of Managers, and of its Executive Committee, in books to be kept
for the purpose; shall have charge of all records belonging to the Society, and
of its publications; shall conduct the correspondence of the Society and keep
a record thereof; shall inform members, Managers, and officers of their election;
and shall give notice of all meetings, and inform the Managers and officers of
all matters requiring their action.

Section 4.—The Treasurer shall collect all bills and assessments due the
Society; shall pay from the funds of the Society all bills duly approved by the
President, or by three members of the Executive Committee; shall send to the
Secretary once a month the names and addresses of all new members. He shall
also furnish, at the request of the Executive Committee, a statement of the
financial condition of the Society.

ARTICLE VI.—MEETINGS

Section 1.—There shall be an annual meeting of the Society, for the election
of Managers and other general purposes, on the second Thursday of January.

Section 2.—Special meetings may be called upon seven days’ notice by the
President, or on a written application signed by three members of the Board of
Managers, stating the object of said meeting.

Section 3.—The annual meeting of the Board of Managers shall be held
immediately after the annual meeting of the members of the Society, and other
meetings may be held at such times as the President or Executive Committee
may deem desirable. Five members of the Board shall constitute a quorum.

Section 4.—Meetings of the Executive Committee may be held at such
times and places as may be appointed by the President, or, in his absence, by
the Secretary, and three days’ notice of each meeting shall be given. Three
members constitute a quorum.

Section 5.—The order of business shall be as follows:
Reading records of previous meeting.
Reports of Committees.
Reading communications.
Unfinished business.
New business.

Cushing’s Manual shall be the authority for the decision of disputed ques-
tions of order and debate.

ARTICLE VII—AMENDMENTS

Amendments or alterations of the Constitution may be made by a two-
thirds vote of a meeting of the Board of Managers at any meeting, provided
written notice of the proposed change shall have been sent by mail to every
member of the Board of Managers not less than seven days previous to said
meeting.

35

MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY

PATRONS
BiuE Mountain Foresr ASSOCIATION . .. New York City
ConraD, CuHas. E., ESTaTE ua Shee fake Kalispell, Mont.
Doorsny, JOHN) Hs (4a. 2G) e . Dalt, Wake City Utah
BELIony, HOWARD 4 vo ioe 2 -h OR d ts St. Paul, Minn.
GoopNIGHT, CHARLES ~:~ =. = 2) = = - = (Goodnight, Tex
PHitip) JAMES, = ...%. 5. 2 acs oe ee BortePiereys Db:
SENFF, CHARLES H. igh rae ee tay See New York City
LIFE MEMBERS
ANDERSON; CAGEAGE SY? of foe. Gate as vere seh, oes New York City
ARCHROLD, JOHN<D:S Segck os) Sos, oe oe New York City
AUEKING LDN fbn hs cee he es Ly Wee enes ane Boston, Mass.
DAV ETESs oA EER: cc. qiae tre Meee waren ake Re Boston, Mass.
BLIss, EE” Re Ded hen ee oe New York City
Buss, NER Sete eee ee eee New York City
BREMER, | [0 Vege Sar MY Rane ee rete oi Boston, Mass.
BRINSMADE, CuAnius TAYMAN' eM ae Brooklyn, N. Y.
BROOKS, Parmer Decves ant are Boston, Mass.
BRUCE, Tse eWeek a, Saleh nea eee New York City
CARNEGIE ANDREW. Gili rp?) 28 ts eit teiie New York City
CLYDE, Wu. P. L005 ie ¢ iNew, Yorke City;
CONNARROE, Mrs.Grorce N. . . wt. Philadelphia, Pa.
CORBIN GAUSTINGs =) Sisk eas et ete pie nes New York City
DRAPER Vine EEONIR YS 220-0 devon (ates enw ee New York City
EDGELL, GEORGE 8. agin hes Rie eee New York City
EpWaARps, Fe A: Se ee Albany, N. Y.
EISENBREY, Mrs. W. Harrison . . . . Haverford, Pa.
HSTABROOK ARTHUR.) <<. ts) 25 42 bors 6 Boston, Mass.
| POTS ep eg) Dyan mire e ie rer i na Fee oa eae New York City
COIR OE ive Soest epee ee Ae | Sea tee New York City
HENSHAW, SAMUEL... 2- « « -» 1+ Cambridge Mass:
Flown Wew.vs oe ce age oe eee Paw ae . New York City
INCHES, GEORGE B. SAE San eee A es _ North Grafton, Mass.
KENNARD, Freperrc H. . ... . Newton Centre, Mass.
ANVARUEIN GIS A cog tec ay eT) tee Mead Boston, Mass.
NCC ULEOUGH si wAt. sees t-te ae ce ee cs New York City
NINETEEN CLUB Se ese Be) i era es New York City
NORTON, AGEORGE Be - "S- % Gave Se aceon New York City
NORTON Wine al od ois Ce eee ees New York City
PARKER: SuDWARDelisa- syace- 3 | 2a ut D teat Concord, Mass.

PEeARODY (GHORGHUGA SL Go 2 Ail aw) Se ee Danvers, Mass.

36

Puituirs, Dr. JoHN C.,
PuHIuuips, JoHN M.

Pimrce, H. Ciay

Pratt, GEorGE D.
SARGENT, Pror. C. 8.
SLOANE, Wo. D.
THAYER, Ezra RIPLEY .
THayeEr, Mrs. Ezra RIPLEY
THAYER, JOHN.
THOMPSON, Mrs. F. F.
TURNER, J. F.

Unprrwoon, Wo. Lyman
WapswortH, (CANS aii thane) ee
WASHBURN, Hon. CuHas. G.
WHARTON, WILLIAM P. .
WILLIAMS, GIBsoNn T.
Wotcort, PRESCOTT

Boston, Mass.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
New York City
New York City

Brookline, Mass.
New York City
Boston, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
Lancaster, Mass.
New York City
New York City

: Boston, Mass.
Middletown, Conn.
Worcester, Mass.
Groton, Mass.
Buffalo, N. Y.
Readville, Mass.

ACTIVE MEMBERS

ADAMS, Brooks

ADAMS, GEORGE E,
ALLEN, C. L. :

Amory, ARTHUR .
Amory, INGERSOLL
BaAcKEs, FRANK

Baker, Dr. FRANK .
Bassett, GEORGE M.
Baynes, ERNEST HarouLp
BELMONT, AUGUST, JR.
BENKARD, T. H.

BLAKE, GEORGE F.
Boat, Cuas. T.
BoaRDMAN, W. J.
BowpitTcH, Cuas. P.
Brackett, Mrs. L. M. P.
BRENCHAUD, JULES
BRIDGMAN, HERBERT 1G
BRIDGMAN, JOSEPH
BUCHANAN, Bric.-Gmn. J. A.
BULKLEY, JosEPH E.
BURLEIGH, GEORGE W.
BURNHAM, JOHN A.
Burton, Miss ARIEL
Capot, W. B.

CAESAR, Henry A.
CAMMANN, KATHERINE 0s

CAMPBELL, Miss HELEN Gorpon,

CaREY, Arruur A,
Carey, Henry T.

Quincy, Mass.
Chicago, Ill.
Worcester, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
Boston, Mass.

weit Chicago, III.
. Washington, D.C.
Worcester, Mass.
Meriden, N. H.
New York City
New York City
Worcester, Mass.
Soest Chicago, IIL.
. Washington, D. C.
Boston, Mass.
Brookline, Mass.
New York City
Brooklyn, N. Y.
‘East Providence Centre, R. I.
. Washington, DC.
New York City
New York City

: Boston, Mass.
. Deephaven, Minn.
Boston, Mass.

New York City

: New York City
Cold-Spring-on-Hudson, NRG
Waltham, Mass.
New York City

Carson, HamprTron L.
CHAMPOLLION, ANDRE
CHANLER, JOHN ARMSTRONG
Cuase, W. H.
CHAUNCEY, CHARLES
CrarK, Uvliss, i.
CLARK, JAMES L.
CLEMENT, HASEN
Corrin, W. E.
CoLuins, PALMER
CooLipGE, HARoup J.
CoormweE, Jo. érd
Cox, JoHN LYMAN
Crane, L. MARSHALL
CrossBy, MAUNSELL 8.
DANA, SAMUEL
Dantes. oH He.
Davis, Mrs. H. ©.
Davison, CHAS. STUART
DEGENER, J. F.
DeEmMoREsT, Wo. C.
Dewey, Francis H.
Dick, Mrs. E. R.
Dienst, A. P.
Dumont, Wm. C.
DutTcHER, WM. .
DycHeE, Pror. L. I.
EATON, FRANCIS G.
Eaton, Howarp

Exuiotr, Dr. DANIEL GIRARD

Exrop, Pror. Morton J.
EMERSON, NATHANIEL W.
EstasBrook, A. T. .
Evans, WINTHROP R.
Everett, Dr. O. H.
FLEEK, HENRY S.
ForBeEs, ALEXANDER
ForBEs, J. MURRAY
Frenou, FH. -..

GaGE, Dr. HOMER
GARRETSON, MARTIN S.
GEER, Mrs. WALTER
Gipson, Miss Mary K.
GouLp, G. H.

GRANT, MADISON
GRATWICK, F. C.
HALLETT, Wm. RUSSELL
HarsBison, W. A.
HARNISHFEGER, PHILIP

Philadelphia, Pa.
New York City
Cobham, Va.
Leominster, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.
New York City
Boston, Mass.
New York City
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Boston, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.
. Dalton, Mass.
Rhinebeck, N. Y.
Boston, Mass.
Worcester, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.
New York City
New York City
New York City
Worcester, Mass.
New York City
New York City
New York City
New York City
Lawrence, Mass.
St. Louis, Mo.
Wolf, Wyo.

New York City
Missoula, Mont.
Boston, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
Everett, Mass.
Worcester, Mass.
Newark, Ohio
Milton, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
Davenport, Ia.
Worcester, Mass.
New York City
New York City
Philadelphia, Pa.
Santa Barbara, Cal.
New York City
Buffalo, N.Y.
Boston, Mass.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
New York City

38

HARRINGTON, JOHN W..
Hawtey, E. S.

EPENR Ye EL.

HENSHAW, JOHN .
HENSHAW, STANLEY :
Hepsurn, Hon. A. Barton
HERSCHEL, CLEMENS
Hout, Joun H.

Hooper, PROF. FRANKLIN W.

Hopkins, MARK :
HornabDay, WILLIAM T.
HouGutTon, CLEMENT S.
Hunt, RosBerr W.
HutTcHINSsoN, CHARLES. L.
HUTCHINSON, JOHN P.
Hyp, Jonn S. .

IsHaM, Mrs. R. M.
JACQUES, HERBERT
JAMISON, CHARLES A.
Jonns Cou. Cr J.
JORDAN, Pror. Davip STARR
KeEwiy, Mrs. Susan BuakE
KELSEY, A. WARREN
Kem, THEODORE
KENNEDY, Dr. Harris
Kent, WILLIAM

KENYON, GEORGE M.
KINNEY, Morris
KREUTZMAN, Dr. Henry Vay
KUTTROFF, ADOoLPH

Lanapon, Woopsury G., Jr.

LASELLE, ‘CHESTER
LASELLE, JosiaH M.
LATHROP, BRYAN

Lrr, BLAIR

LEVERETT, GEORGE V.
LIPPINCOTT, Se Je)
Lovee, H. E. ee hs
Lucas, FREDERICK A.
LYMAN, FRANK

LYMAN, THEODORE
Manton, W. P.
MARSHALL, C. S.
Martin, C. A.

McCa tu, Ricwarp
McCrea, W. S.
MELLON, W. L.
Merrick, A. VAUGHN, JR.
Minburn, Ce i:

39

Worcester, Mass.
Buffalo, N. Y.

. Lincoln, N. H.
Providence, R. I.
Providence, R. I.
New York City
New York City
(Quebec, Canada
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Bryn Mawr, Pa.
New York City
Boston, Mass.
Chicago, Ill.
Chicago, III.
Georgetown, N. J.
Bath, Me.
Chicago, Ill.
Boston, Mass.
New York City
Las Vegas, N. M.

San Francisco, Cal.

Brookline, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.
New York City
Roxbury, Mass.
Chicago, Ill.
St. Paul, Minn.
New York City

San Francisco, Cal.

New York City
New York City

awiniinswailles Wiss.
Whitinsville, Mass.

Chicago, Il.
Silver Spring, Md.
Boston, Mass.
Wyncote, Pa.

Swampscott, Mass.

Brooklyn, N. Y.
New York City
Brookline, Mass.
Detroit, Mich.
Worcester, Mass.
Franklin, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Chicago, Ill.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Roxborough, Pa.
Pittsburgh, Pa.

Morean, Pau :
Morsg, Miss FrRANcEsS R.
Mosss, Wo. H.
Murpuy, FRANKLIN, JR.
Oucottr, DUDLEY f
Ossporn, Pror. HENRY F.
PaiGcsE, Catvin D.
PatmMeEr, Dr. T. 5S.
PARKER, GEN. DAINGERFIELD
Patton, WILLIAM 8.

PAuL, JOHN J.

Peary, REAR ApM. Rosr. E.
PiIcKHARD, CARL

Porn, G. D

PULITZER, RALPH
RapForD, Harry V.
RANDOLPH, COLEMAN
RanpboupH, Mrs. Fanny F.
RAYMOND, Cuas. H. ;
REYMERSHOFFER, CHARLES
Rucker, WILLIAM J.
Rusu, FRANK

SAUTER, BRED) 7:
SCHIEFFELIN, Mrs. Ee M.
SETON, ERNEST ae:
SEYMOUR, EDMUND
SHELDON, EpwIn B.
SHIRAS, Hon. GEORGE, 3rd
SMITH, ‘CHETWOOD

Siru, F. M.

SMITH, Harry W.

SMIrH, JOHN W.
SmitH, W. HINCKLE .
SPALDING, KEITH
SPAULDING, JOHN a
SPAULDING, Wu. 8

SPRING, Miss at RIKER
STEPHEN, S.A. .
STEPHENS, OLIN J.
STILLWELL, LEwis B.
STONEBRIDGE, Cuas. H.
Srurais, Cuas. W.
SuGDEN, ARTHUR
SULLIVAN, THomas H.
TAYLOR, F. W.

TAYLOR, LIEUT. ~COMMANDER M. M.

TAYLOR, | ate: d eee
THAYER, CHARLES M.
TOWNSEND, CHARLES C.

40

Worcester, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
Tilton, N. H.
Newark, N. J.

. Albany, N. Y.
New York City

Southbridge, Mass.
. Washington, D. C.
. Washington, D. C.

Boston, Mass.
Watertown, Fla.

So. Harpswell, Me.

New York City
Detroit, Mich.
New York City
New York City
Morristown, N. J.
Morristown, N. J.
Morristown, N. J.
Galveston, Tex.
Chicago, II.

. Cache, Okla.
New York City
Rhinebeck, N. Y.
Cos Cob, Conn.
New York City
Delhi, N. Y.

Washington, DD: €3

Worcester, Mass.
Oakland, Cal.
Worcester, Mass.
New York City
Philadelphia, Pa.
Chicago, II.
Boston, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
New York City
Cincinnati, Ohio
New York City
Lakewood, N. J.
New York City
Boston, Mass.
Hartford, Conn.
Worcester, Mass.
Worcester, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
Worcester, Mass.
Worcester, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.

TOWNSEND, Dr. Cuas. W.
TROWBRIDGE, Miss Loutse A.
TRULL, W. ie

TUCKERMAN, WALTER R.
UpHAM, Grorce B.
VINCENT, Dr. BETH . :
VOORHEES, THEODORE
WALKER, CHARLES C.
WHARTON, J. 5S. L.
WHEELER, ALEXANDER H.
WHELEN, WILLIAM B.
Wuits, JOHN J., JR.
WHITIN, ARTHUR

Waitin, Marston
WuitNey, CASPER
WILLIAMS, CLARK

Witter, Henry M.

Woop, O. 1B}

Woon, STUART
Woopwarp, Dro. ip ;
WRIGHT, WILLIAM REDWoOoD
YOUNG, 8. B. M.
ZIMMERMAN, Mason W.

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS

ABBOT, CLINTON G.
ABBOT, G.

AICHEL, OSKER

ALLEN, FRANK C.

ALLIs, 'Epwarp PHELPS, Ir.
Atms, Mrs. Frep’xK H.
ANDREWS, GEN. GEORGE L.
BAILEY, VERNON

Banks, A. BLEECKER
Banks, Miss M. B.
BARNARD, JOB
BARNARD, GroRGE D.
BarRON, GrorGE D.
BarRTLETT, Epwarp B.
BARTENTT, Rio >

BARTON, Dr. B. W.
Baynes, Mrs. Ernest Harop
BEIDLEMAN, Henry H.
BELL, TRAYLOR W.

Bex, Paiuip T. .

Betts, JOHN F. .

Buack, JAMES D.

Bair, JOHN S.

Buarr, LYMAN

41

Boston, Mass.
New York City
Boston, Mass.

| Washington, D. C.

Boston, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Boston, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Bryn Mawr, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.
New York City

“Whitinsville, Mass.

Whitinsville, Mass.
New York City
New York City

Worcester, Mass.
Worcester, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Worcester, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.

: Washington, D. C.

Philadelphia, Pa.

New York City
Boston, Mass.
Portsmouth, INGER
Boston, Mass.

Menton (A. M.), F rance

Cincinnati, Ohio

. Washington, Dae
. Washington, D. C.

New York City
Westport, Conn.

. Washington, D. C.

St. Louis, Mo.
Rye, N. Y.

Portsmouth, INE

Woodsville, N. H.
Middleburg, Va.
Meriden, N. H.
New York City
Oakland, Cal.
Hudson, N. Y.
St. Louis, Mo.
Jobstown, N. J.

. Washington, D. C.

. Greenville, Me.

BOARDMAN, SAMUEL M.
Boaacs, Epwarp M.
Bowanp, Mrs. Joun L.
Bouter, ALFRED P.
Bonp, A. HUIDEKOPER
BoorakEM, RoBert E.
Boorarm, R. M.
Bow.eEN, Miss T.
Boyp, Everett F.
Boyp, Mossom Co.
BoyLsTon, JOSEPH
Brayton, HENRY
Breck, THOMAS A.
BREWSTER, FRANK
BrisTou, Jno. I. D.
BROKAW, GEORGE
BREWSTER, WILLIAM
BROWER, CHARLES DE Hart
Brown, Lawrason, M. D.
Brown, HERBERT
Brooks, HENRY
Buckuer, C. Hs .
Buppy, Lewis, 3rd
BULLARD, R. E.
BuRNETT, DOUGLAS .
But Ler, CHARLES 38.
BuzzARp, 8S. O.
CarsarR, Mrs. Laura F.
Carsar, Cuas. N.
CALLENDAR, W. R.
Carby, Henry R.
CARPENTER, Dr. G. C.
CARPENTER, J.S.
CARPENTER, Dr. M. A.
CARRIER, P. 8.
CARROLL, Pav, 3
Carson, ROBERT D:.
CARTER, Joun H.

Cary, Miss ELIzaBETH M. Zi

Cary, THOMAS

CASEMENT, D. D.

CHAFEE, HENRY 5S.
CHENEY, CHARLES EDWARD
CHESSROWN, JOHN P.
CHILDS, STARLING W.
CHILTON, R.S., JR.
CHRISTIAN, L. T.

CHURCH, ARTHUR L.
CLARK, CLARENCE M.

42

Hyde Park, Mass.
Oakland, Cal.
Clayton, Mo.

East Orange, N. J.

New York City
New York City
Denver, Col.
Cincinnati, Ohio
Mansfield, Mass.
Ontario, Canada

. Portsmouth, N. H.

Santa Rosa, Cal.
Maynard, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
New York City
New York City
Cambridge, Mass.
New York City
Trudean, N. Y.
Fueson, Ariz.
Concord, Mass.
Melrose, Mass.

_ East Orange, N. J.

Boston, Mass.
Baltimore, Md.
New York City

Wilmington, Del.
New York City
New York City

Providence, R. I.

Cambridge, Mass.

Lowell, Mass.

Washington, Dac:

Lowell, Mass.
Middletown, Conn.
Ellicott City, Md.
Germantown, Pa.
Lawrence, Mass.
Buffalo, N. Y.

) Butialo, News
Rainsville, Ohio
Providence, R. I.
Chicago, Il.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
New York City
Toronto, Canada
Richmond, Va.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.

CuaRK, Epwarp C.. . . . . . . East Weymouth, Mass.

CinkesMOR Ys: Wit 2 hens) 2k ek wk ek Detroit, Mich.
(Ciba TBI, JICISUNTOS Bs eal reat ee New York City
CrariewViRS IeNEy Se s,s | Coliasset, Miass:
(CHUNTeTST OE Ce Mt cen al, Pittsburgh, Pa.
CLEGHORN, F. S. Mr en) gn et ee et en CB OStON, 7 Vass.
CiunVELAND, Welbe is )s So +. . southsNewbury, Ohio
CHOW SLIME nE hay lp re ae Ne ie Se Chicago, III.
CoFFIN, GEORGE eet Moy ang oo rookines. Nass:
CopMAN, JULIAN Nee ie fa Ae Cnet oes a DOS LONE ANEASS:
CoLBurN, W. H. DREN ee ee ae ee Hvierett oWlass:
COLLINS, El eeEE, os ata ee eo. A Philadelphia, Pa.
Coston, GEORGERAS (sb ye es ys ee a) baltimore, Md:
CoMINS, E. ee ot eee) Ae ene oot i ot Wi DOStOaVass.
CONKiIN RANK Ha toes. 8, -. 9s = Philadelphia, Pa:
CONKMINGROMAND Re AN a SS oe 8 New York City
Cook, HENRY WIREMAN . . . ...._. + + Minneapolis, Minn.
Cook, ERRANK HE = . . |» Keomimster, Mass:
Coruiss, Miss Marcarer L. Ss) ae Se ePinladelphiassPa:
Cox, -K.. Wis See oh ae ine Chicago, III.
CRosBY, Cou. Jon ScuuyteER . . . . . . New York City
CuRRY, 8. SH a kwh Ws ae te katt ae we a Ostome Mass:
CurTIss, (CLEUATEA COIS) VGA ey aie eee ee eT ee we Ae Chicago, Ill.
Curis. Dr RonranD ©. = 5... ., i+. > . Philadelphia, Pa.
Cini rabe edie yon 0 ote 2 ot! cn oe. Ss oe Boston: Mass;
CurmBpERteVie Boe! j= 9%, var «8 se Washineton, D.C.
DANTEES “RICHARD Hy: > Go, os 2 ee . Boston, Mass.
DARING WANES Ga Se se East Hartford, Conn.
DavVENpPoRT, CHARLES B. . . . . Cold Springs Harbor, INEAYE
DAVENPORT, ELIZABETH B. . .._ i. as Brattleboro, Vt.
DAwas aViTtsS mA AN ee ee Ss (Oxtord: Mass.
DAWA MELA OED Hee i ea ke Us Ss tee Southford, Conn.
DAN CHARMESPAuT. 27) of 1.f 2) 4, Sore) ee. Boston; Niass:
Dm eKGAeMO PARTE SW 92S) te wR ie et New York City
IDEUABARRE, RANK AL ofc! (ua de.» 247 E Boston, Mass,
DELAFIELD, JoHN Ross MeN es ey Sv ae New York City
DrnpywliuyiuseA | Scene ob we eae ee bowell, Mags,
IDioKayelen Wiig cme! oh Pec t eee omalisnell: Mont:
ID INOC Kee AP Aisin ein ve thence we Fee ia Peekamoose, N. Y.
DINOCK 7 JUEPANW AL Hilt se es cal ae Se, tS Peekamoose, N. Y.
DORRANCE: SAMUEL AGS 3 24. gk Js) 225 Provadence;-R.. I.
DIORA UNTER SS sey) ete gWesea ler os amen en Concord, N. H.
ID GDC ahs el 5 28 Sis Se ne Sea eR mane ae Yonkers, N. Y.
Dunn, JouHN, JR. Oa Pal eee SME rt Richmond, Va.
Dunsmorp, BOnr eke ee ee Minneapolhs, Winn:
DuPont, Mrs. Te Cormnatye ya ->. » Wilmington; Del.
DEER ERG As Cabniade eager cy he Sh ise et S: Wickford, R. I.
EpMonps, OEE Aer nat ie ee ey . = New York City
Evuiorr, Mrs. L. P. PL Pete atthe Newton Highlands, Mass.

43

rus, Re N:..

EILLS, GrorcE pe

Evuiorr, Howarp

EmsBury, Miss EMMA es

Emerson, H. L.

Evans, CHARLES

Evans, CHARLES N.

FaRwWELL, Mrs. JOHN we

FELL, Epw ARD R.

FERNALD, Dr. A. .

Ferris, Dr. ALBERT WARREN

FINLEY, JOHN, PRESIDENT .

FLEMING, R.

Foss, GRANVILLE E.

Fow er, Miss SILVIA DE GRASSE

FREEMAN, Dr. WALTER J.

GALLATIN, ALBERT EuGEN
TARDNER, JOS. A.

(GERRARD, GEORGE Woop

GARRETT, JOHN W.

GaviTt, W.S.

GEENAN, Mrs. JOSEPHINE M.

GEROULD, Pror. JoHn H.

GILLETT, EL

GILLIs, JAMES W.

GILLETTE, EpwIn F.

GopEFFROY, S. E. H.

GOETHE, C. ave

Gorwry, We, M. D.

Goopwin, Water L.

GORE, CHARLES H.

Goutp, Rosert D.

GRANT, Rev. Percy S.

Gray, ALBERT Z.

GRAY, ROLAND

GRAYSON, CHARLES P.

GRIFFITH, WARREN G. .

HaAGEMEYER, ARTHUR H.

HaGner, ALEXANDER B.

HANNAFORD, C. W. .

HANSELL, R. B. .

Harsison, RaupH W.

HarnoucH.G: T+

HARDIE, WAINWRIGHT

HARTAN, We G), -.

Harr, LONE W.

Hart, W.

eee THOMAS S.

Haupt, Louis, M. D.

44

New York City
Norwalk, Conn.

St. Paul, Minn.
New York City
Stoneham, Mass.
Riverton, N. J.
. Wilmington, N. C.
Lake Forest, Ill.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Boston, Mass.
Albany, N. Y.

New York City
Swampscott, Mass.

. North Andover, Mass.

. Washington, D. C.
Philadelphia, Pa.

: New York City
West Somerville, Mass.
Frontenac, Minn.
Baltimore, Md.

. lyons; NEW
New York City
Hanover, Mass.
Troy; NYS
Buffalo, N. Y.
Chicago, IIl.
Godeffroy, N. Y.
Sacramento, Cal.
Albany, N. Y.
Hartford, Conn.

St. Louis, Mo.
Fitchburg, Mass.
New York City
New York City
Boston, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.
New York City

. Washington, D. C.
. Portsmouth, N. H.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Sewickley, Pa.

New York City
Hamilton, Mont.
Boston, Mass.

. New Orleans, La.
New Bedford, Mass.
New York City

HrGEMAN, Miss A. M.
HeNcKEL, Mrs. REYNOLDS
HEWLETT, WALTER J.
HIGBEE, Harry G. :
Laban oy Dr. Howarpb KENNEDY
Hinixs, Wease.

Hopaer, THomas L.
Hors, ip Ake 2
Hoimgs, Hon. O. Ww.
Hopkins, WoopDWORTH
Horton, ARTHUR E.
Houston, Jelelae
HAVEMEYER, JOHN C.
HawkKEs, CLARENCE
HIGGINnson, JAMES J.
Hon, RicHarp M.

Hor, ARTHUR

Howe, W. P. vo
Howe.., Ricuarp L.
HUIDEKOPER, FRANCES L.
HvIpDEKOPER, C. L.
Humekoper, EpGArR
Hunt, Miss Emiry G.
Hunt, Miss Eiita M.
Hunt, Dr. ExizaBetu W.
Hurp, Epw. A. bane
Hyper, Mrs. Arnoxp S.
IRELAND, JOHN B.

IRELAND, RopEertT Livineston, JR

JOHNSON, A. ERNEST
JOHNSON, HERBERT
JOHNSON, FRANK W.
Kauprus, Dr. JosepH
KEEL, Mrs. RoswE tu, JR.
KEISER, Roperr H.
KELLY, JOSEPH A.
KELLY, LUTHER 8.
KENNEDY, W. M.

Key, Epwarp Sch
Kitvert, Miss Mary A.
Kinc, Henry

Kinc, WILBUR.
Kinzer, S. L. B.
KIrrrREDGE, 8. D.
KoErHLER, Hugo A.
KornrEICH, EDWARD
Kune, CHESTER H. .
LAMBERT, H.D.. .
Latrurop, Miss M. E.

45

Pittsburgh, Pa.
New York City
New York City

Hyde Park, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.

Baltimore, Md.

Philadelphia, Pa.

St. Louis, Mo.
Newton, Mass.
Boston, Mass.

Lexington, Mass.
Whitefish, Mont.

Yonkers, INGYS
Hadley, Mass.
New York City
New York City
New York City
Evanston, IIl.
New York City
Meadville, Pa.
Meadville, Pa.
Meadville, Pa.
Pasadena, Cal.
Pasadena, Cal.
Pasadena, Cal.
Milton, Mass.
Baltimore, Md.
New York City

Asheville, N. C.

Concord, N. H.
Boston, Mass.
Chicago, Il.
Harrisburg, Pa.

Irvington- -on-Hudson, N. Y.

St. Louis, Mo.
Pittsburgh, Pa.

Lida, Nev.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Baltimore, Md.

Providence, R. I.

Augusta, Ga.
Seymour, la.
Lansdown, Pa.

Hastings-on- Hudson, N. Y.

St. Louis, Mo.

Milwaukee, Wis.

St. Louis, Mo.
Beverly, Mass.

Greenwich, Conn.

LEARNED, F. H. .
LeecH, Mrs. FRANK Be
LE Moy NE, FRANCIS J.
LINCOLN, KIRKE PORTER
LisLE, R. Mason
LirrLe, LUTHER .
Lockwoop, THoMAS 8.
LonGstrRETH, W. Morris
LONGSTRETH, WILLIAM W. .
Lorp, BERTRAM .
Lorine, J. ALDEN
Lorine, We Cy.
LoweE.L, Miss C. R.
Macomser, FRANK G.
Mann, Mattruew D.
Manpin, Miss 8. W.
MANSFIELD, PERLEY B.
Marie, Louise E.
Martin, J. WILLIS :
Martin, Mrs. H. T. pE PrystTer
Martin, Puiuuir L.
MAarrHeEws, ALBERT
MatTTEson, SUMNER W.
McCuvre, WILLIAM B.
McCuure, WALTER P.
McCLe.uan, THomas S8.
McLanauan, G. H.
McLang, Guy R.
McLane, Mrs. ALLAN
McLean, MAarsHALL
Mprans, Ropert M. :
MEAans, CoTEswortH P.
Means, Rosert M., JR.
Means, Epwarp B.
Means, WILLIAM M.
Mes, Mrs. Emma L.
MeErriaAM, P. A. .
Merrick, Durr .
ViminR ine B62) seen
Miuuer, Mrs. Morris 8.
Mier, Dr. R. M.
Miuus, Mrs. Heywortu
MirTcuHeE.u, Mrs. J. G.
Morris, Mrs. WISTER .
Morrison, WILuiaM L.
Morse, A. M.
Morse, Miss MARGARET
Morse, E. K.

Morse, STEARNS

46

Boston, Mass.
Tuxedo Park, INGY.
_ Pittsburgh, Pas
Boston, Mass.
Paoli, Pa.
Boston, Mass.

. Boston, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Boston, Mass.
Oswego, N. Y.
Boston, Mass.
New York City
Boston, Mass.
Buffalo, N. Y:

. Baltimore, Md.
Lynn, Mass.
Germantown, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.
aiviohhoNe ave

Jamaica Plain, Mass.

Boston, Mass.

Minneapolis, Minn.

é Chicago, IIl.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Chicago, IIl.

- Washington, Dae:
New York City

Washington, D.C.

New York City
Atlanta, Ga.
Atlanta, Ga.
Atlanta, Ga.
Atlanta, Ga.

; 2 WtlantavGa-
Faribault, Minn.
Chicago, Ill.

Asheville, N. C.

Dorchester, Mass.
Forestport, N. Y.
Boston, Mass.
Morristown, N. J.
Brookline, Mass.

Overbrook, Pa.

Croyden, N. H.

Pittsburgh, Pa.

Amherst, Mass.

Pittsburgh, Pa.

Lowell, Mass.

MUHLFELD, F. J.

MYERS, Mrs. Mary TE
MYER, CATHERINE W.
NasMIta, THOMAS .
NEELy, Miss C. B.
Nerr, NETTLETON
NEILL, ALBERT B.
NEWBOLD, JoHN D. .
NEwrTON, FRANCIS
Nicuo.s, Mrs. ASHER P.
Nicuois, Mrs. Cuas. A.
INCEAN SULTAN ST. 3.5. -.
NorMAN, GERTRUDE CLARK
Norris, N. J.

Norsoc, R. M.

Nusser, J. H.

Oaks, P.

Q’ Conor, TC:

OPPEN, W. A.

ORR, Isaac isk

OsBoRN, RUSSELL W.
OsBorn, WM. CHURCH
OsTRom, Mrs. Homer IRvIN
ParIsH, ROSWELL
PARKER, GEORGE 5.
Parker, Mrs. U.S.
Parker, H. 5S.

PauL, ARTHUR
Pau, Henry N., JR.
Pau, Henry N., 3rd.
PAUL, JoHN R.

PAUL, SAMUEL HoLuincswortH
Pau, WiLuraM A. B.
Prer, W. F.
PELHAM, GEORGE F.
PEQUIGNET, JAMES L.
PERKINS, CuHas. E.
Perot, Mrs. Cuas. P.
Perers, A. 8.

PETERSON, THOMAS .
Perrit, HORACE .
PFEIFFER, GEORGE
PHELPS, CARTER .
Purusrick, A. L.
PickMAN, DupbLeEy L.
PLUMMER, WALTER E.
Poor, JAMES R.
Poor, Mrs. JAMES R.
Popr, GEorGE A.

New York City

. Washington, D.C.
. Washington, D. C.
Lowell, Mass.

; Chicago, II.
Richmond, Ind.
Buffalo, N. Y.
Morristown, Pa.
New York City
Buffalo, N. Y.
Providence, R. I.
Chicago, III.

. Newton, Mass.

. . Portland, Me.
. New Michel, B. C.
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Seattle, Wash.

New York City
Stoneham, Mass.
St. Louis, Mo.

.San Francisco, Cal.
New York City
New York City
Brookline, Mass.
Boston, Mass.

: Union, la.
‘Cohasset, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa;
Philadelphia, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.
St. Paul, Minn.
New York City
Philadelphia, Pa.
Burlington, Ia.

: Longport, N. J.
Lake Wilson, Minn.
: Pawnee, III.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Hoboken, N. J.

: Concord, N. H.
West Somerville, Mass.
. Boston, Mass.
New Bedford, Mass.
Boston, Mass.
Boston, Mass.

. Baltimore, Md.

47

PortER, A. J.

PoTrER, ALLEN

Powers, THOMAS Harris
Pricr, J. SARGEANT, JR.
Putnam, G. P.

RAINES, RALEIGH
RANDLETT, G. F.
RECORD, SAMUEL J. .
REYNOLDs, J. P. .

Rice, CHARLES I.
RicHarpson, Mrs. J. CLIFFORD
RICHARDS, JARVIS
Ricuie£, Craie D.
RICHMOND, DONALD .
RICHMOND, FRED P.
RosBerts, FRANCES A.
Rogers, Dupuey P.
Ropers, Miss ELizABETH
RUNNELLS, Miss Atice R.
Ruecc, Harotp G. ;
Russe, A. LE BARON .
RussELLt, Mrs Mary A.
Rutrer, Dr. RoGERS
SarrorD, Miss A.
SALTONSTALL, R. M.
SAUNDERS, CHARLES G.
ScaNLAN, Puiuip C.
ScHUCKMAN, W. R.
ScHULTE, FRANK A.

SCHUYLER, REv. Livineston Rowk

Scut.y, H. R.

SEARS, RICHARD

Suaw, Mrs. R. G.
SHEPARD, Miss Emity B.
SHIELDS, G. O.

SIMONDS, GEORGE H.
SLAMIN, P. H.

SMITH, ALBER RT W.
SmitrH, HoLtMEs ...
SMITH, WALTER GEORGE
SmivtH, Dr. Wn. Lorp
SOUTHER, JOHN F.
SouTHER, Mrs. Joun F.
SPARRELL, C. H. .
SPRAGUE, ISAAC
SPURRELL, JOHN R.
STEARNS, Cuas. H.
STEARNS, H. B.
STERLING, F. T.

48

Niagara Falls, N. Y.
. Boston, Mass.
Philadelphia, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.

.. New York City

. Washington, D. C.

Boston,

Mass.

: Washington, D. C.

Boston,
Worcester,

Mass.
Mass.

. New York City

Denver,

Cok

Philadelphia, Pat

Brockton,
Brockton,

Mass.
Mass.

Baba, Pa.

Boston,

Salem,

Mass.
Mass.

Chicago, IIL.

Hanover,

Boston:
Brockton,
Lawrence,
Melrose,
Boston,
Boston,

Nee:

Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.
Mass.

. St. Louis, Mo.
. Pittsburgh, Pa.

Harrison,

Idaho

Searsdale, N. Y.
Pittsburgh, Pa.

Boston,
Boston,

Br ‘ookline,

Mass.
Mass.
Mass.

New York City

“North Andover,

Boston,
Providence,

Mass.
Mass.
Row

St. Louis, Mo.
Philadelphia, Pa.

Boston,
Arlington,

Arlington,

Mass.
Mass.
Mass.

- Woreester, Mass.
i ellesley Hills, Mass.
Wall Lake, Ia.

Brookline,
Dedham,

Mass.
Mass.

Missoula, Mont.

SERYENSONVANNAPS .. -. ) 2 yo... Philadelphia, Pa.

SMM OR WV BS Albany, N. Y.
STIMSON, Mrs.Grorc—E W. .. . . .. Atlantic Gity, No:
PEGAUDENS, FIOMER §, 9) =. -, | 2, Windsor, Vt.
DE JOHN WEGLTAM Hote © 2 e Hartford, Conn.
PONE MO HARES yAs me 2 Sh Boston, Mass.
BLOM SRHOMAR SD 5 BO Danvers, Mass.
SHOU ACHING Mpaiie © lee 18 RN) Haverford, Pa.
SURUIVAN: Mins, JAMES:<. 2 9, 7 2-0... New York City
SutTRo, VicToR al ao nee A, eae ee New York City
Swirr, Miss Nevur HH. ioe ee |. -. Middleboro, Mass:
TAYLOR, Knox 4), SS hs Oe Sie eee High Bridge. INS Ys
TEN BROECK, Cu HARLES — oe se 8 ey eluninebeek oN. oy:
Terry, Joun H. Cefn a Oe ie Se St. Louis, Mo.
iw ECONN NIBESeNG Si 5 See Weston, Neb.
THAYER, SIDNEY... ee ee ee a ee aladelmina= ba:
Tuom, Dk Courcey W._ . om ah, Wee een oe, Baltimore, Md.
THOMPSON, |g) 6 Li Pg ASS es gaan me Na Passaic, N. J.
THORNE, S. B. Se eee ee bimladel pina Pay,
TomkInson, E.V. __ - PRA) nd lk Lebanon, N. H.
own smnD Rs ArH tell Fp ohn) Worcester, Mass.
ANON WaSESTOINGOYER Gre or USR00 8 [Ee i oe New York City
lowNsenp, Hyper *.0. 9 2 =, - 8 ys Boston, Mass.
TOWNSEND, FE. M. . ae ae. oe See ON Sheree Neve:
Trask, Mrs. Joun E.D. - a 2 Ga. oe (Germantown ea.
TRorrer, Viienranoennrys ©. 2 2). aes Philadelphia, Pa.
Romenimene Winco t eo. a 1 ye Oracle, Ariz.
RURNBUBU DRS CHAS. Soee.2 5. Ul, -. of Philadelphia, Pa.
Upmane MissuKatinnine D9) 9. . | Claremont, N. H.
ipHAWERE RESTON. fo. oo eee ce Boston, Mass.
Upton, Cuas. T. ie) os eo owell= Viass:
VAN Name, Dr. WILLARD Ge : New Haven, Conn.
Van Wort, Miss HELEN I. .. Sands Point, Long Island, N. Y.
VAN SSTANEVOORD, SEYMOUR’...¢ =.) 2°) Troy, NYE
Wee Namanimn Tl). 9 9) ar S - . . Salem, Mass.
VICAR, JOHN sie, ee owe ny mere aTnlOO psy Ce
VILEs, BLAINE Soe Wie eer ae ee Newport. Nock:
WAINWRIGHT, Mrs. Francs te ea Vinton Wace
Watsu, Epwarp , ce nice ee ees WG o mise Mio
WALPOLE Humane Society eer eee Walpole, N. H.
Wess Hpwan.S) 2.2 S foe 2) 6 — Wellington, Ohio
WeEEks, ANDREW GREY eee ee ee eae FS Boston Vase
Wien prevenGao Ny —_.s 208 so oh So Hingham, Mass.
REIT ANCEE CO). Wee te SO ee ee ST Philadelphia, Pa.
Winn Vine<Cxmornmvm Hof 9 Se Philadelphia, Pa.
MAU RICHARD Jo -O8. 2c es a Be Baltimore, Md.
Wuitnry, M. B. ge ee = = = | Westtord, Mass.
Wuirremore, F. CuurcHi a ee St. Louis, Mo.
WHITTEMORE, CISU SIAL: Fah Oi Alpe Aaa ve | Galesburg, N. D.

49

WIcKEs, FRANK R.
Witiits, FE.
WILLOcK, J. ScoTT
Witson, ALAN D. :
WINTERBOTHAM, JOSEPH
WING, CHARLES F., JR.
Wisk, JOHN C.
Wo.corTt, OLIVER
Woop, E. A.

Woops, Law RENCE CRANE, JR.

WoopwakbD, Pror. C. M.
Wricut, E. ©. :
ZELLER, Mrs. L. M.

50

East Orange, N. J.
Glen ee Long Island, N. Y.
: Pittsburgh, Pa.
Philadelphia, Pa.

; Chicago, Ill.

New Bedford, Mass.

_ Washington, D.C.
Readville, Mass.

Athol, Mass.
Sewickley, Pa.

St. Louis, Mo.

. . Newark, Ohio

. Washington, D. C.

APPENDIX

OITAV. VAD GY

T 8& bre ZEKE encitose gniserdm3

1) Reig, mu

i aS apa Ae El, 1 ILOl eo98 bane © tor3 } to £4,E,S,1 enoitos2
ie SOU LH A envitoe 20.1.2 STE noitose ;2.A .2aT al Fo
: ; .BA.2T 5 bre
i" ‘FALO WAIGIAIM 21H NAJE Yo teed WA
* pon We ATOHAG HTUOe

J oo aso6 SISS8201 gninistnod

2» KF Ienoteh susd brits rogeny 208 Sadh psi Wool
wTAS sg sae Soe RAAKNG) Ww Fok ok pw « FIKSLD Toocrvos ws eh

t SOUL © apres.
{ SO Low Sexawed

DS owiassKadit
AWEK YS AsO

WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARK

Embracing Sections 34,35 end 36, T.5S., R.5;
Sections 1,2,3, EX of 4,E% of 9, and Sec’s 10,!I, 12, 13, 14,15, E%
of 16, T.6S, R.5; Section 31, 7.5 S. ,R.6; Sections 6

and 7,T.6S.,R.6,
All East of BLACK HILLS MERIDIAN

SOUTH DAKOTA

Containing 10,522.17 acres

Sars wT

Thereby certify That. this map.of the Wind. Cave National Par
i rh South Dakota,
ts a cornet. ewemplification af the Act af Congress creating said. pari approve

General Land OfRce,
Washingtor., D.C.
Oot. +, 1906, } 7 ees eh loch,

_ ROSS

ee

Os

INAL PARK

b ILO.) id's
s 10,11,12,13, 14,15, Es
R.6; Sections 6

ZRIDIAN

ts jnap.of the Wind Cave National Park , South Dakota,
tor of the Act af Congress creating said. parit approves

RePOR ? 7ONYGERTEAIN LANDS IN
SOUTH DAKOTA SUITABLE FOR A
BUFFALO AND GAME RESERVE

BY

J. ALDEN LORING

July, 1911

PUBLISHED BY AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY

PRINTED BY POOLE PRINTING CO.
BOSTON, MASS.

CONTENTS

ROSEBUD
Buack HILus
Tue Batp HILus
Winp Cave NATIONAL Dyer
Maps
GENERAL ne cnieniae:
TIMBERED REGION
OPEN COUNTRY oe Soa
Hints, ALTITUDES, CANYONS, ETC..
WATER. :
LARGE Snces AND Reowine eae
Rock SEEPAGE POoOLs.
LOCATION AND SIZE OF SEEPAGE POOLS
SURFACE FLOWING SPRINGS
SPRINGS BELOW THE SURFACE
INTERMITTENT WATER. :
SUPERINTENDENT’S WATER enna
FEED
GRAZING.
Hay
CLIMATE
FENCING
Post TIMBER.
Roaps.
FENCING Roaps .
ACCESSIBILITY . ;
GAME Seeeie FOR RSE
GAME ON RESERVE.
ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY.
FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM RESIDENTS
JAMES Puitie’s BurraLto HERD.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Mountain Park IN NorTHWEST CORNER .
FROM THE CENTER OF THE RESERVE:
LookInGa NortH
LookIne EAstT
LooKkING WeEsT
Park In Hast EnNp oF WIND Cave CANYON
Rock SEEPAGE Poo. No. 14
Post TIMBER AND TREES TO WHICH FENCE MAY BE ATTACHED
MountTAIN SHEEP CouUNTRY IN CoLD CREEK CANYON AT WATER
Ho.e No. 14
JAMES Putuie’s BurraLo Herp AND RANGE, ForT PIERRE,

SourH DaKkoTa

12

30

LEVER SCOR. TRANS AAs
Owego, New York.
August 1, 1911.
Sir:

In accordance with your instructions of June 1, 1911,
I have the honor to submit my report on a survey made
of certain lands in South Dakota for the purpose of
selecting a suitable tract of land for a National Game
Reserve.

For assistance rendered me in various ways, the
American Bison Society’s thanks are due the following
gentlemen: Congressman Eben W. Martin, United
States Marshal Seth Bullock, in charge of the Wind Cave
National Park, Supervisor Paul D. Kelleter of the Black
Hills Forest Reserve, all of Deadwood, South Dakota;
Mr. A. C. Boland, Superintendent of the Wind Cave
Park, Mr. W. A. Rankin, official guide at the Cave,
Professor Clophas C. O’Harra of the South Dakota
School of Mines, Mr. N. A. Brome, General Manager
of the Rapid City, Black Hills & Western Railroad, and
the Rapid City Business Men’s Club.

Respectfully,
J. ALDEN LORING.

Hon. Franklin W. Hooper,
President
American Bison Society.

Nee OR bso N Cik TAIN LANDS IN

SOUm Ha DAKOTA SUITABLE FOR A

BUEBPALO AND GAME PRESERVE
By J. Alden Loring

Leaving Owego, N. Y., June 30, 1911, I proceeded
direct to Rosebud on the Sioux Indian Reservation in
Southern South Dakota, slightly east of the center of the
State.

For the past twenty-two months, central and west-
ern South Dakota and the adjoining country had been
suffering from lack of rain, the equal of which has not
been experienced in thirty-five years.

In consequence, the country was in very bad con-
dition, which was the best time for making such a
survey, since a country in its worst condition that would
meet the requirements of a game preserve would nat-
urally be perfect in normal seasons.

ROSEBUD

Remaining at Rosebud three days, conferring with
land office officials, the superintendent of the reserva-
tion, and old-time settlers, I discovered that for the fol-
lowing seasons a game reserve could not be chosen in
this locality:

(1) The distance from a railroad is too great.

(2) There is no area of sufficient size meeting all re-
quirements.

(3) The expense of purchasing the land from the
Government and the Indians would be great.

(4) The only timber available for fence posts is a
reserve set aside for the exclusive use of the Indians, and
the expense of securing posts elsewhere would be great.

BLACK HILLS

From the Rosebud agency I went direct to Dead-
wood in the Black Hills. After looking over maps of

7

the Black Hills Forest Reserve and consulting with
Supervisor Paul D. Kelleter, I discovered that owing
to patented lands, mining and timber claims, there was
only one locality worth consideration.

THE BALD HILLS

The Bald Hills, situated south of Pactola at an
altitude of 4,459 feet, consist of innumerable small hills,
draws and ravines, surrounded by open pine timber.
It would be a nice location for a small game reserve,
but there is not enough open grazing country with
buffalo grass to maintain a large herd of animals. In
fact, this spot does not contain more than a third as
much of the grazing land as is found on the Wind Cave
prospect.

It is adapted to the wants of buffalo, elk, deer,
antelope and mountain sheep.

Permanent water in springs and spring creeks—
flowing or standing—is quite evenly distributed over the
entire region, but most of these springs are small; never-
theless, when dug out and run into troughs, would un-
doubtedly furnish a sufficient supply.

In order to obtain water on Rapid Creek, several
miles of open timber country would have to be included.

Throughout the timber is a good growth of grass
suitable for summer feed, and to a certain extent winter
oerazing; but as the first severe frosts kill it, stock feed
on it only as a last resort.

The chief food is found on the Bald Hills proper.
Much of it is buffalo grass and there is also an abundance
of “alkah’’ grass—a very nutritious grass equaling buf-
falo grass in strength, and much sought by cattle. This
grass must not be confounded with the so-called ‘alkali’
grass growing so extensively in the alkali marshes in
western United States.

The grass on this range was in worse condition than
that on the Wind Cave prospect, although about the same
number of cattle and horses were grazing on both ranges.
This undoubtedly was due to the fact that stock has
been feeding on the Bald Hills for the past twenty-five

8

years, while the Wind Cave Reserve has only lately
been opened to grazing; also because the area is smaller.
Undoubtedly if this rangé were given a rest for two or
three years, the grazing would be improved.

Despite the fact that the Bald Hills appeared almost
void of food, the stock preferred it to the green grass so
abundant in the open timber and small parks, and were
in fairly good condition but not as fat as those on the
Wind Cave prospect.

The snowfall in this region is not sufficient to com-
pel the feeding of stock in winter; but owing to the pres-
ent drouth, buffalo would surely have to be given hay
this winter, hay being shipped in from Nebraska and
Iowa. The chances of hay feeding in winter, however,
would be greater in here than at Wind Cave, as there is
a greater snowfall.

There are a number of mining claims and ranches
in the Bald Hills. The former are of little value and
can scarcely be taken into consideration, for in all prob-
ability the owners will soon abandon them. The ranches,
however, would have to be purchased.

Mr. James Philip, who owned a herd of buffalo
at Fort Pierre, had a tract of timbered land within
this area, but he informed me that he never intended
placing buffalo on it.

Although with Rapid Creek the water supply on
the Bald Hills reserve would be greater, the only other
respect in which the Bald Hills region surpasses the
Wind Cave prospect is in point of fencing. The country,
while hilly, is not as rough, and there are fewer ravines,
gulches and creek bottoms to cross; consequently it
would be a far easier section to enclose.

All along the Rapid City, Black Hills and Western
Railroad are summer camps, cabins and small hotels;
therefore there would be a few visitors to a game reserve
located in the Bald Hills.

WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARK

My visit to this region was made between July 12
and 17. Because of the continued drouth, springs and

9

streams that heretofore had never failed were perfectly
dry, and ranges that in normal years of rainfall were
covered with grass that could be harvested, were almost
barren. Cattlemen were either selling their stock or
sending it out of the country. While it was necessary
to do a little hay feeding last winter, it was admitted
that no stock could be ranged out this coming winter.

Maps

In 1906 a survey of the Wind Cave National Park
was made, and the General Land Office submitted a
map, which I have marked ‘‘A.”’ (Frontispiece. )

Through the courtesy of the Land Office at Rapid
City, I have had placed on this map the location of all
patented land adjoining the Park, which will assist the
society in corresponding with parties for the purchase
of their lands.

Map “‘B” is the Game Preserve as proposed, being
a tracing of map “A”’ with the added or omitted territory.
Wherever the line leaves the regular surveyed boundary
it is indicated by a dashed line (- — — —). The location
of creeks, springs, water holes, lakes, ranches, survey
posts, roads, timbered and open country are also given.

Without the aid of a surveyor, and with the limited
funds and time at my disposal, it was utterly impossible
to mark the boundary line and do other work necessary
to compile an accurate map; however, the locations
are near enough for all practical purposes.

Map ‘“‘C” was made in 1907 by the United States
Geological Survey, and also shows the park boundary.
On the north boundary there is a slight discrepancy in
the lines as surveyed by the Land Office and the Geo-
logical Survey. - For instance, the Land Office survey
runs the line through the dam from which the superin-
tendent of the park procures his water supply, while
the Geological Survey line brings all of the dam within
the park. (Map “C” omitted from this report. )

I understand that the first survey is permanent,
and that an act of Congress will be necessary in order
to make the second survey legal.

10

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HOT SPRINGS, WIND CAVE,
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Again, the courses of the roads and streams do not
coincide, therefore a difference will be found here and
there in the fence line as proposed.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

For convenience’s sake I shall speak of the Wind
Cave National Park, as surveyed by the Government,
as the ‘“‘Park’’; and the territory that has been selected by
me for the National Game Reserve as the ‘‘Reserve.”’

With the exception of the expense and difficulty
of fencing, and the probable lack of a sufficient water
supply during such dry seasons as the present one, the
Park is an ideal location for a game reserve.

In order to secure permanent water it will be abso-
lutely necessary to acquire several ranches lying just
outside of the Park boundary.

The Reserve has an area of diversified open and
wooded country of about twenty square miles, or 16,800
acres. The Park has sixteen and one-half square miles,
or 10,522 acres, and is situated at the southern end of
the Black Hills in southwestern South Dakota.

On a basis of twenty acres per animal, which is
the estimate for stock, this Reserve will support about
eight hundred and eight animals.

Hot Springs, the only town of importance, is about
nine miles from the southeastern boundary line.

THE TIMBERED REGION

Is indicated on Map “B”’ by thickly dotted areas. About
one-third of the Range is heavily timbered with western
yellow pine. It is exceedingly open, and averages about
forty feet in height.

A strip of this timber, possibly a mile in width,
occupies a series of hills and broken country the entire
length, from north to south, in the western part of the
Reserve. In the southeast corner is the second largest
patch of timber, containing about three square miles.
All along the northern boundary are scattered patches
of timber in the draws and sides of the creeks and ravines,

11

I9UIOD JSOMY}ION ul HIVg uleUNO|!

while timber is found along the slopes the entire length
of Cold Creek and Wind Cave canyons. In the creek
and canyon bottoms are elm, oak and cottonwood trees,
a few aspens, and a thick growth of underbrush.

THe OPEN COUNTRY

Embraces all unshaded areas. About two-thirds of the
Reserve is open country (Photo No. 3). Throughout the
timbered regions there are innumerable parks (Photo
No. 4).

Most of this open country consists of plateaus,
low hillocks and gently rising slopes, which rise from
dry ereek beds and gullies in which there is more or less
water for a short time after rainfalls.

Hiuis, ALTITUDE, CANYONS, ETC.

Throughout the timbered. region to the west,
beginning at the southeast corner (altitude 4,100 feet),
the country is a mass of small rolling hills becoming
higher and rougher to the north. Near the northeast
corner the highest point is reached (4,800 feet), and some
of the hills rise 300 feet above the adjoining plains.
This entire region is cut up by creeks and gullies, which
at this time were dry.

In the eastern wooded portion are several timbered
ridges, 150 feet above the plains, and a number of bald
hills and ridges.

Here also Wind Cave Canyon cuts through the
plateau, through a ravine a mile in length and from 50
to 200 feet deep, leaving the Reserve through a canyon
950 feet deep. The altitude in the canyon bottom is
3,800 feet, the lowest point in the Reserve.

In the creek bottom where Cold Creek leaves the
Reserve, the altitude is 3,900 feet, and here also are
cliffs 200 feet high, which extend north and northwest
about a mile and a half.

On the north, Beaver Creek leaves the Reserve in
a similar manner; altitude, 3,900 feet.

The beds of all three of these, the principal streams
on the Reserve, vary from 100 feet to a quarter of a
mile in width.

13

WION BuryooT
aAXaSTaA AHL AO UALNAD AHL WOUd

yseq sulyooT
GAAUASAA AHL AO UALNGAO AHL WOW

SOM dJuryOo'T
SAMHSA AHL dO MALNAO AHL WOUT

In Wind Cave Canyon, where water-hole number
10 is marked, is a beautiful park about half a mile in
extent and surrounded on all sides by pine-clad and
rocky country rising 200 feet. On account of the strong
sunlight the photograph (No. 1) gives this valley the
appearance of being barren, but it is covered with good
erazing, and is an ideal protection from storms.

The entire Reserve contains ravines, gullies and
draws that afford protection from storms and are supplied
with good grass of one kind or another.

For a distance of about two miles south and a mile
east of the northwest corner, and about a mile north and
west of the southeast corner, the rock lies near and crops
above the surface of the ground. The altitude of Wind
Cave is 4,100 feet.

WATER

The Reserve this year contained less water than
ever has been known before. I would suggest that
the society arrange with some one,—preferably Mr.
W. A. Rankin, late superintendent of the Park, who
visited the watering places with me,—to watch the
water during the remainder of the summer, and report
on its condition. He might be supplied with a copy
of map B, that his work and report may be simplified.

In October, 1906, Prof. Cleophas O’Harra, of the
South Dakota School of Mines, was detailed by the
Interior Department to examine the water supply at
the Park. His object was to supply the buildings at
Wind Cave with pure water from some near-by point.
An artesian well was suggested, but Professor O’Harra
found that owing to the depth of the lime and sandstone
it would be impossible, with the small amount appro-
priated for such use, to drill deep enough to secure water.

It was said that several years ago private parties
attempted to strike water about the center of the Park,
but when the drill reached a depth of about nine hundred
feet 1t dropped into the cave, and operations ceased.

These facts must not be accepted as unfavorable to
the region as a game reserve, however, for after a long

17

(SSe13 YIM pereAod SI 41 yNq ‘usI1eq Bulog Jo sduvIvadde ay} Aa][VA ay} Saard yYSITUNS Fu0sjS)

NOANVO @AVO GNIM dO GNA LSVA NI WaVd

talk with Professor O’Harra, he agreed with me that by
including certain outside lands to the north and west
of the Park, ample water, even in the driest season,
would be assured.

LARGE SPRINGS AND FLOWING WATER

The old Taylor Ranch, now owned by Bud Haden,
but on map A given as the Frederick W. Radicke or
John R. Daly place, lies about half a mile west of the Park.

This ranch contains the best water (1) on the Re-
serve, although the quantity is not as great as the supply
found in Cold Brook and Beaver Creek, on the northern
side of the Reserve. It (1) consists of a number of
springs,—some small and flowing,—and spring pools
extending for about two hundred yards.

The ranch secured its water from a dug-out and
stoned spring four feet in diameter, which on July 14
contained two and one-half feet of water. The water
line being below the top of the ground, it came to the
surface again 100 feet below and formed a pool 100 feet
long by 30 feet wide, and then a chain of four smaller
pools from 60 to 20 feet long by 25 to 10 feet wide. It
is clear and cold and from one to five feet deep, with the
usual spring sediment on the bottom and floating. These
pools were full of frogs and pollywogs.

It would be much cheaper to pipe this water about
a quarter of a mile rather than run the fence around it,
as the dashed line now indicates.

Some of the land on this ranch is cultivated, but
is not worth harvesting this year. The fences are in
good condition. The buildings have tumbled down,
and even the timber is worthless.

In the southern half of the Reserve, the animals
would be dependent on these spring pools, if ever the
water supply in that region became exhausted. There-
fore, in order to guard against all emergencies, J am not
in favor of accepting the Wind Cave National Park as
a game reserve unless this water can be acquired.

By far the largest water supply is in Cold Brook
and Beaver Creek, just within the northern boundary

19

of the Reserve. Part of the way along these two spring-
fed streams the water runs, but in many places it sinks
and comes to the surface in pools. Some of the pools
are only a few feet in diameter and a few inches deep.
Others are from 50 to a 100 feet long and from five to
seven feet deep.

This watered stretch is about three miles long, and
for about a mile and a half of the western part the Park
line runs through the zigzag course of Cold Brook,
furnishing an ample supply of permanent water, which
during dry seasons would water the animals in the
northern half of the range.

All of the land off the North Park boundary is pat-
ented (Map A). Two if not three of these ranches should
be acquired, and if exorbitant prices are not charged,
they should all be bought.

The first choice in the ranch of W. F. McAddam
at the northwest corner of the Park, on whose land
half the reservoir which supplies the superintendent
with water may be located.

Aside from the 160 acres of fenced land in the center
of the Reserve, set aside for the use of the Park Super-
intendent, W. A. Rankin’s ranch of 80 acres is the only
one now in the Park. This and Charles A. Stable’s ranch
just east of the junction of Cold Brook and Beaver Creek
are the three that should be acquired. The buildings on
these ranches are in good condition and part of the land
is tilled and fenced. They also contain an abundance
of water.

Beaver Creek above and below the junction for
several hundred yards contained running water from
which Mr. Stable ran a water ditch about eighteen inches
wide and five inches deep.

Rock SEEPAGE POOLS

(Nos. 10, 14, 15, 16 and 21). The third largest water
supply, but not as pure as the water just described,
possibly because of the frequent visits of stock, is that
of the various pools along Cold Creek Canyon and one
in Wind Cave Canyon.

20

While these pools have never gone dry, to the
knowledge of the settlers, it could be seen from the
sediment on the rocks that they had dropped about
two and one-half feet this year.

The photograph (No. 2) of No. 14 is a good example
of these water holes. They are invariably located in
pockets in the creek beds some 200 feet below the level
of the adjoining bluffs and at the very base of high
sandstone cliffs. ‘Though discolored from the soil and
taint of stock, the water was cold. Professor O’Harra
is of the opinion that the supply would be permanent,
but because of the evident shrinkage I would not call
them permanent until it can be shown that they did
not dry up this year.

Professor O’Harra thinks that the presence of these
water holes is due to the fact that the creek beds reach
below the level of the spongy sandstone which retains
the water; and while in none of them is there a visible
surface flow, he believes that the water continually
seeps through the rock. It is a wonder to me that these
pools are never filled with eravel by the freshets.

Rock Seepage Pool (No. 14) in Cold Creek Canyon

21

LOCATION AND SIZE OF SEEPAGE POOLS

In Cold Creek Canyon: No. 14 (see Photograph
No. 2), 65 x 21 x 4 feet; No. 15—two pools—one 70 x 15
x 4 feet and one 30x8x4 feet; No. 16—two pools—
60 x 20x 4 feet and 30x 10x3 feet; No. 21, 30x 10x
5 feet.
In Wind Cave Canyon: No. 10, 30 x 10x 3 feet; No.
iS xo 2? feet:

SURFACE-FLOWING SPRINGS

No. 11 is a small spring in a creek bed that empties
into Wind Cave Canyon in the center and near the east
line of the Reserve.

This water is a few feet above, and trickled into a
pool 8x 5x 2 feet deep. Being in the creek bottom it
would be filled with gravel after every freshet, but it
could be piped fifty feet into a trough without much
difficulty.

At No. 12 the water again comes to the surface
in a small trickling stream in the creek bed. A _ hole
would have to be kept open here.

No. 6, in the center of the Reserve, is a small-flowing
spring from which about fifty head of stock water. It
has never gone dry.

At one time this spring supplied a ranch (now
vacated) through a three-quarter inch pipe, furnishing
a flow of 22 gallons per hour or 528 gallons per day.

There are two small springs near here, not shown
on the map, that for the first time went dry this season.
The superintendent of the Park would like to see these
springs connected and the water run to his house 2,100
feet away, as it is better than the water piped from
Cold Brook Creek after being used above by cattle.

A supply for animals, however, could be piped from
the main spring 50 feet distant.

As regards piping, the same can be said of Busey
Spring (No. 20), a flowing spring holding about three
buckets of water, just west and outside of the Park
boundary.

22

At No. 22 on the west Park boundary and not more
than fifty feet from the line, the head of a creek, water
seeped through the surface at the base of boulders in
pools holding half a bucket of water. These springs
could be dug out, a perforated barrel set into the ground,
and the water piped to level on the hillside 50 feet away.

SPRINGS BELOW THE SURFACE

In addition to the stoned well on No. 1, there are
a number of good but small springs that have been dug
out and walled with stone. Several of the ranches on
the northern border have such springs, besides Nos. 2,
9 and 19. No. 9 once supplied water for a saw mill. It
is four feet in diameter, five feet from the surface, and
contained three and one-half feet of water July 17. It
could be piped 200 feet to a water level, and No. 2, 200
yards.

INTERMITTENT WATER

During normal seasons of rain, numbers 17 and
18 flow throughout the year, and there are several other
such springs. Running water also occurs in Cold Creek
and Wind Cave Canyons, as well as in the shallow lake
(13) near the center of the Reserve.

After showers most of the creeks all over the Reserve
run from a few hours to a few days, and the hollows
contain water sometimes for weeks, according to their size.

SUPERINTENDENT’S WATER SUPPLY

As already stated, the water that supplies the two
buildings at the cave proper is brought from a reservoir
on Cold Brook Creek.

Through a two-inch pipe this water runs to W. A.
Rankin’s ranch on the northwest boundary, from which
he secures his water. A one and one-half inch pipe then
continues about two and one-quarter miles to the cave
building, and has a flow of five gallons per minute or
7,500 gallons a day into a tank of 218 barrels capacity.

By special arrangement with the Interior Depart-
ment this line might be tapped and a trough placed at
any convenient place.

23

FEED
GRAZING

All of the unshaded district (Map B) and the large
parks in the pine timber are covered with buffalo and
bunch grass, and grass in abundance grows through
the open pine timber.

At the time of my visit the feed adjoining the water
was closely fed over. There were about five hundred
head of stock feeding on the Park, and, with the exception
of cows and mares with young, it was in good condition.

This coming season will be the first in thirty-five
years that stock will have to be hay-fed.

Hay

During normal seasons hay can be cut on the Re-
serve. I would suggest that the broken ground on the
farms be seeded in timothy and alfalfa, and the crop
saved for winter feed. The crop from a normal season
would have to be reserved for a dry one, for, as the lands
are not irrigated, no hay can be grown even on the culti-
vated lands in a dry season.

CLIMATE

During the winter months the temperature ranges
between zero and freezing point. It sometimes reaches
twenty degrees below zero, but not often.

Ice eight inches thick is sometimes harvested from
the pool formed by the dam on the north side.

The snow is never deeper than eight inches, and
such falls are rare. Snow remains on the ground but a
short time and never hinders feeding.

In summer time the thermometer rarely registers
ninety-five degrees, the usual temperature being between
sixty and eighty degrees.

FENCING

The entire amount of boundary fencing required
is about seventeen and one-half miles.

24

Because of the many gulches and canyons occurring
along the boundary line of the Reserve, together with
the rough and rolling country throughout the timbered
portion of the range, it will be extremely difficult and
expensive to enclose the Reserve.

There are a number of places of considerable extent,
particularly through the timbered tracts in the east,
west and north, where it will be impossible to stretch the
regular Page animal fence. The common barbed wire
fence must be used here.

There are a number of gulleys and canyons from
50 to 250 feet deep where a fence could be brought up
to the edge of a perpendicular cliff, and continued from
the cliff’s base in the creek bed. In other places the
fence would have to be zig-zagged down the side of the
ravines and up the opposite side.

In crossing Wind Cave and Cold Creek canyons on
the east and south there will be trouble from washouts
after every freshet. The flood trash will catch on the
fence and carry it away. All of these creeks head in
or just outside of the Reserve, and none is more than
three miles long.

After the flood trash that is now lodged against
the brush and rocks has been burned, which will take
three men about a week to accomplish, there will be
little trouble from this source.

It will, however, be necessary to stretch a barrier
or second fence across the main creeks, in order to catch
the bulk of the flood trash and relieve the fence proper.

Through the pine timber the line can be run irreg-
ularly and fastened to the trees which are large and
straight, posts being set occasionally.

For several reasons I did not attempt to mark out
a permanent boundary line for the Reserve. No blazing
or cutting of timber is allowed in the Park.

The uncertainty of acquiring the outside land needed
made it impossible to mark out a definite line. Again,
the cost of a surveyor, labor for cutting, hauling and
setting posts would have exceeded the amount allowed me.

It will take a tenth of the time and money to send
a man out a few weeks in advance of the fencing crew

25

to blaze the line and place temporary posts, than it
would for me to have marked a line that would remain
for two years, as suggested in my Instructions.

POST TIMBER

The timbered region furnishes an abundance of
fine posts, and there is no place where posts would have
to be hauled more than a mile and a half.

Post Timber and Trees to Which Fence May be Attached

ROADS

With the exception of three miles of the Hot Springs
and Wind Cave road, the road to Custer is the most
travelled, and the Pringle road next.

Most of the roads shown on the map can be fenced
out entirely.

FENCING ROADS

To protect travellers, it will be necessary to erect
along the roads to Hot Springs, to Custer and to Pringle
(nine miles in all) a barbed wire stock fence, and to build

26

at suitable points an overhead crossing or small bridge
under which the animals may pass from one part of the
Reserve to another. There is on the Wind Cave road,
at the cave, a bridge of this kind, a second and third
bridge half a mile and a mile south of the cave.

ACCESSIBILITY

The Reserve is accessible over nine miles of good
road from Hot Springs. Several automobile lines run
out from the Springs to Wind Cave, practically in the
center of the Park, the entire distance being about
twelve miles.

The automobile fare is $2.50 a round trip for more
than two persons, or $5 for a single person. Most of
the sight-seers travel by automobile.

Hot Springs is a summer and health resort for all
classes of people, patronized mostly by tourists from
Nebraska, Iowa and the Dakotas.

The number of people who visited Wind Cave
during the past four years, ending June 30, was, in 1908,
3,171; 1909, 3,216; 1910, 3,387; and 1911, 3,951.

GAME SUITABLE FOR RESERVE

The park is suited for buffalo, elk, deer, antelope
and mountain sheep, all of which in bygone years lived
there.

Buffalo passed through Buffalo Gap, and a few
wintered in the Park.

Elk were also abundant, as the shed antlers in the
ranchmen’s yards testify. There are still a few deer—
mule and white-tail—on the Reserve. The best locality
for mountain sheep is the sandstone bluffs and cliffs
extending intermittently the entire length of Cold Creek
Canyon. They begin at a point where the Park line
crosses Cold Creek on the south, and some of them rise
250 feet. Sheep would range up the smaller canyons
emptying into this canyon.

There is scarcely enough underbrush along the
streams in the open country to make the Reserve suitable
for pheasants.

27

GAME ON RESERVE

There are a few deer in the western part of the
teserve. I saw six pairs of sharp-tail grouse and a
pair of Bob-Whites, and heard others, but saw no young
of either species. Ducks have been shot from the lake
(13) and the pools on Cold Brook Creek.

ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY

There are two ways of acquiring the needed property
lying beyond the Park boundary:

1. By purchase outright.

2. By purchase of improvements only, and by

Mountain Sheep Country in Cold Creek Canyon at Water Hole 14

arrangement with the Land Department,—give the
owner the right to take up a patent elsewhere.

In most cases the only object in annexing these
ranches is to secure the water, but since the ranches are
valueless without water, the entire tract will have to be
purchased, whether or not the adjoining land is required.

On the August Samson ranch in the central eastern
part of the Reserve, the water (at the time of my visit

28

enough to supply two small humming-birds) lies a mile
or so farther east. This land is of no value for anything
but grazing purposes and timber, and a strip here could
be bought at little expense. 7

With the exception of the patented land (Map A)
outside of the Park proper on the north boundary and
the northwest corner, the remainder is on the Forest
Reserve property.

I understand that the State is now arranging with
the Interior Department to exchange school lands other-
wise located for the two sections, 25 and 30, immediately
adjoining the northeast end of the Park. Undoubtedly
the State would relinquish its claim in the society’s favor.

PINANCIAL SUPPORT

The citizens of Rapid City and Hot Springs are
both anxious that the Game Reserve should be located
in their vicinity.

Should the American Bison Society care to accept
it, there is no doubt but that financial support would
be forthcoming from either of the towns near which the
Reserve is located.

Congressman EK. W. Martin assured me that a
donation could be counted on from Hot Springs.

After explaining my object to the Governor of South
Dakota and asking him if the society could expect any
support from the State in this matter, he said that at
the proper time he would be pleased to look further into
the subject.

29

James Philip’s Buffalo Herd and Range, Fort Pierre, S. D.

JAMES PHILIP’S BUFFALO HERD

I stopped off at Pierre and visited Mr. Philip’s
buffalo herd. Mr. Philip was just recovering from a
severe sickness (he died July 21) and did not know the
exact size of his herd, but thought it numbered about
three hundred and fifteen animals. Thirty-six or seven
calves were born this spring.

Although his Reserve is located on the Missouri
River, the buffalo usually watered from an artesian well.

The reserve contains eight thousand acres of land,
which Mr. Philip considers none too much for his pres-
ent herd. It is enclosed with a five-foot Page wire fence.

The country consists of flats, plateaus and rolling
hills, with deep draws and gullies, in which is a light
growth of cottonwood timber.

The grazing is buffalo and alkali grass. The grass
was In poorer condition than that on the Wind Cave
Reservation.

The accompanying photographs of the herd and the
range give a good idea of the country.

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