MPLS ber a . Ni if Ot a inet ch eae ; Pet ABET, |e aE er REPORT OF THE Perens | itil ateriate Vas SOM gs > ( ae 818. OF le dig ELIA A} ii 1908 * 1 v 7 Me eh i ty sh Ri ny ‘aa Saat ne ae —— = . Ts => ; == 4; “America,” I heard a voice complain, “The first-born children of your broad domain, The nurselings of your prairies vast and broad, Look to them—they were given you of God, And what He gives He will not give again.” —Joun Hatt WHEELOCK. ANNUAL REPORT OF REE AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY 1905-1907 se Nf. 4 ee Ley, ~ On al fies ss OBJECT: THE PERMANENT PRESERVATION AND INCREASE OF THE AMERICAN BISON PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY 1908 if or ; eae vial ‘gee va t Ns . ant ay 4 4 rf mike od i: M ' 2 * “ae | ry a = fro < + S 7 i j ¢ Ys 7 he f ig ’ = J = ' he Mies bp aor : ‘ _ ' yee j . ’ * . F * _ a. ie ‘ CopyricHT 1908 i ae —* ~ { ae BY he’ ; | THE AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY. oY 4 ‘ “2 u = i Ti Phe . eo a ’ i * : : - ’ " = ' H ' H if oe t oe : s it : _ A . U ie = 4 y 5 on oe ae Te af 3 S by . ae a “; he , 7 F \ bi 4 - ; ge , ) ¢ + ¥ ' . rf i . i end - ee ‘’ f » ee os Fi H * a i P rn ? . y a L “ . er Vy s r rt els F ] \ CO NIE NETS OFFICERS AND MANAGERS History AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY........ ERNEST HAROLD BAYNES 1 REPORT OR REE MEREASURERGE Sacmyen ete be Le erie nie eres neice CLARK WILLIAMS 14 REPORT ONS hE ATHEAD ED UREA OMWCANGH es +i2 2:4 ree acer eeelVien Joes EROD ples Proposep New York State Bison HERD SEAS crepe Ric al oy Setar o Mave ae Geet tara eal eine Meus eR 50 THE FOUNDING OF THE WICHITA BISON HERD............ W. T. Hornapay 55 GEN SUSHORL ES IVINGEAMERTCAN I SISONE ae cece ne aaa W. T. Hornapay 71 NODEST ONE REE CEN SUIS and ee gina cnn ee, cri, tenia piste ian, a sional ce Sener nes Weeds Eiaanis CONS TUEUEIONS OP REDE 9 O CIETY iho eres ree eo Ree ec asd a Shoe IETS TO Bact VE NOBER GS Megs al anette sqettc meer eioucca oe cance dat tees cet ec ey eed ee 81 List’ OF ILLUSTRATIONS AMERICAN BISON (IN COLORS)......... res By WULadheld Parrisn, Frontispiece (EE KING OF shes CORBIN EIBRD Aer aeeer ciate Photo by E. H. Baynes VIII Photo by M.J. Elrod 16 BIRD’SEYE VIEW OF THE PROPOSED RANGE.............. \VinWA On EEE VANGE) ERO MEE eh ASiiaeee rane sitet Asia MES SHON INOUE Sono boon bods odenedoenueedec THE SOUTHERN PORTION OF THE RANGE.............. Somes JNO Om Msi RUNING (GD) > .c4c4cbancsoccos SOUTHERN, HRONT OF DHE GRANGE, (2))eernm.c os oecece « ON DHE SUMiMin OR ERE LVAINGE aes pared cies sieiae WA W ROR MDE, JOCKOo VGATLE Nga Meal ae cite eres srceckeies THE Jocko VALLEY AND JUNCTION WITH THE FLATHEAD, SIE OG KO MRaVaER Nei RAV ZATTO Tole ey eee ee ope eee IRUNPAIEILIN TAINO) AMG NOS) WYNNE big oo og ba co uae ome oeo SEE JOCKOL WALI YewA TRIVAVATIEI sya eperteh se ieleiereacin orem EASTERN SIDE OF THE PROPOSED RANGE.............. A PorTION OF THE PABLO HERD ON THE RANGE........ Tue Papsto HERD READY FOR SHIPMENT.............. THE CHUTE AT THE ZOOLOGICAL (PARK re taste oc Photo by E. R. Sanborn THE BISON ON THE WAGONS AT CACHE...........- SPRAYING A BISON WITH CRUDE PETROLEUM........ PoRTION OF A CORRAL, SHOWING A SHELTER SHED.. THE CoRRALS AND SHEDS OF THE WICHITA HERD.... CoMANCHE INDIANS VISITING THE BISON.......... SupPosED REMAINS OF CHIEF PouND-MAKER’s LAST Bigs BISON SEAUGHIRERS Ae cin. cece ec eels ae eine MAPS Asisas) Ioan) [oN RUAGGI: ZI TRUAWWAILILIE 5 GIs do Gamo oMOD ad Ob OoDaGe FOE ie Ihisinl Mea NMsia NO lonnAise ISS AVNMON saa no omse@sacceonoudcuoonbcouCoooEr “cc “ec 18 70 14 ml OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY 1908-1909 Hon. President, Hon. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, President of the United States. Hon. Vice-President, His Excellency EARL GREY, Governor-General of Canada. President, WILLIAM T. HORNADAY, Director New York Zoological Park. A. A. ANDERSON, President of the Camp-fire Club of America. Prof. FRANKLIN W. HOOPER, Director of Brooklyn Institute Arts and Sciences. Secretary, ERNEST HAROLD BAYNES, “Sunset Ridge,’ Meriden, N. H. Treasurer, CLARK WILLIAMS, Columbia Trust Company, New York. BOARD OF MANAGERS A. A. ANDERSON. . . . . . . 80 West 40th Street, New York ERNEST HAROLD BAYNES thi Mtah cs . . Meriden, N. Hi: HERBERT L. BRIDGMAN . Secy Beitr Weetic “Club, Brooklyn, N. Y. Dr. H. C. BUMPUS . .. Director American Museum of Natural History Dr. CHARLES B. DAVENPORT, Director Biological Station, Carnegie Institution, Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. Vice-Presidents, Prof. MORTON J. ELROD . . University of Montana, Missoula, Mont. MADISON GRANT. . . . . Secretary New York Zoological Society ; Boe FRANKLIN W. HOOPER, Director of Bklyn. Inst. Arts and Sciences . WILLIAM T. HORNADAY . . Director New York Zoological Park ea ONE SSS = 82. : . . Dopeka, Kansas Prof. DAVID STARR JORD AN P iaand Stanford University, California BRE DERG tHe KENINARID =) se. e220 Devonshines Streets hoston FREDERIC A. LUCAS, Curator of Museum, Bklyn. Inst. Arts and Sciences Otel Niko © SO RING een Columbia Universityvas Newsy onk IDsey WP, So IAMEIMNEIR 5 5 ggg co «BrOlOsnczll Stimey, Wasim, ID). (C- Commander ROBERD EB PEARY Us Ss. Noo). = Washineton, Dae: A. BOWEN PERRY, Commissioner Royal N. W. Mounted Police, Regina, Canada JOUBUS) IME TRISQULIDIIRS 5g ee Re BRB Jenne Siseeciy Tiansloties, 1Pey. GHEOR DEP INGE OMe, Vint) no) 6.005 be wort ee ROneStek: VVidSninotony Dane: OMI ID. |S VNIOWIRo1 0 wee Ss ohio, to 4 NVall Streep New, Mob k IBUNIRIROY WW, SUMING 5g . . Worcester, Mass. Cee SONNE BRD Ghee 14sth Street fia Third Aves New York City JMOUBUNT TBS AMISVAN AIR So ge a » = 2 950° State “Street, Bostom, Mass: WILLIAM LYMAN UNDERWOOD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. Hon. JAMES S. WHIPPLE, N. Y. State Forest, Fish and Game Commissioner, Albany, N. Y. CLARK WILLIAMS. . Care of Columbia Trust Company, New York Prof. CALVIN M. WOODWARD . Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. ‘GNHH NIGUOO AHL AO ONIN AHL ee HISEORY “AND PROGEEDINGS ).OF imi SsOGIEG Y. HE national movement now on foot for the perma- nent preservation of the Buffalo began in June, 1904, when Mr. Ernest Harold Baynes went to live on the border of the Corbin Game Preserve in New Hampshire, which for many years has been the home of one of the largest herds of Buffalo in the world. The sight of these splendid creatures made a deep impression on Mr. Baynes, and excited his interest in the fate of their race, then in great danger of becoming extinct. He sought to create public interest in the matter by a series of articles printed in the Boston “Transcript” that summer, and in August was aroused to greater activity by a letter written by Hon. Willams @} ZA} TOWNSHIP 19 NORTH. | Zi | Yi Ly AL y 1/ SB aw, a < | i aE TOWNSHIP 18 NORTH, : ‘ WK Ys A Vv 0 we RE NOL ILWYS , . SANS es ae AE 5 \ 6 D NATIONAL BISON RANGE, FLATHEAD RESERVATION, N-'W MONTANA THER TP eEATHEAD BUFFALO” RANGE. A REPORT TO THE AMERICAN BISON SOCIETY OF AN INSPEC- TION OF THE FLATHEAD INDIAN RESERVATION, MON- TANA, FOR THE PURPOSE OF SELECTING A SUITABLE LOCATION FOR A NATIONAL BUFFALO RANGE. By Morton J. ELRop, PH.D., Professor of Biology, University of Montana, Missoula. Director of the University Biological Station. Acting on instructions from the President of The American Bison Society, | examined several places in the Flathead Indian Reservation, Montana, for the purpose of selecting a suitable location for a range in which to confine and perpetually maintain and propagate a herd of American Bison, or, as it is popularly known here, the Buffalo. Having travelled over the reservation every summer for the past ten years I had some definite ideas of the portions of the reserve that would be most suitable for such aerange. lo my mind there: were four available localities, but just which one was ideal could be deter- mined only by close observation, covering all the points involved in preparing the range so as to make it suitable for permanent use. The chief items of importance in making the selection were outlined as follows, although not necessarily in order as here given: 1. ACCESSIBILITY.—To be of the greatest use, the range should be reasonably near to the railroad. The reasons for this are quite obvious. To ship animals in and out will be necessary from time to time. ‘There may be need for transportation of forage. Fencing material must be procured, and long hauls by wagon are expensive. Lastly, the public will want to visit the animals and see them on the range, and will desire to reach them easily from the railway. 15 ‘}99} 0008 A[IBoU FO UOTJVAVTO UR Wor} sam JO YyINOS SI MoIA ayy, ‘asuey pasodoid oy} fo Arepunoq say} Jo Sapis 9914} SMOYS SUI] YOV[G ey J, “W40}Js B Ad}Ze Jsnf usyey, ‘ounf ur sivadde jt se ‘surejuNOy UOISSTPY 9Y} JO JuruMs oy} Wor GAONVA NOSIA GHsSOdO0O%d AHL AO MUIA AADS.GCUIa V : ‘ baie cS TI @aLV1d 2. .THE RANGE.—This must be suitable to afford ample grazing grounds for the herd, both summer and winter, with plenty of water. ‘There must be ample natural protection from winter storms and blizzards. Naturally, the public will not desire to see choice farm or fruit lands set apart as a buffalo range; hence non-irrigable land must be selected. 3. FENCING—The range must be fenced; for other- wise the animals will become scattered, and poachers will molest them. ‘To fence such a range as is desirable and necessary, is no small item; hence the desirability of a location whereon digging will not be too difficult, and where posts may be secured and delivered with a mini- mum of expense. 4. CARE-TAKING.—The range must be looked after, and the animals must be cared for. The care-taker will need certain material and provisions, and should have communication with the world at large. FOUR LOCALITIES CONSIDERED. The four localities examined with a view to selection are as follows, and may easily be located on the accom- panying maps. 1. WILD Horse ISLAND.—This island is in the west- ern acim ot. Flathead. Wake: lt: is’ 50) miles’ from: the Northern Pacific Railroad, and nearly as far from the Great Northern. The island is completely isolated, but the contiguity of Cromwell Island, on the west, would make it possible for animals to swim from Wild Horse to Cromwell; and the latter is really a part of the main- land. The island contains 2,164 acres, and rises to a height of about 1,200 feet above the lake. On the north it is rather densely wooded with yellow pine and red fir, with a sprinkling of cottonwood. On the southern side, the island is almost bare of timber, except the fringe around the lake. A portion of the lake shore is well adapted to fruit raising. There is no water, except that in the lake itself. 17 ‘Spry SUE pey—‘dAvyojooqyMooy AA ST eT OY} OF, 3927 OOS‘F “Yoos|TING sz yurod jsoysiy sy], “SUIeJUNOW UOIssTIY JO UOT}IITpP oY} WOTF asuey oyeyng poesodo1g “LSVa AHL WOW “ADNVY AHL AO MAIA TVAANAD ‘TIL ULV Id The island is too far from transportation lines, and too difficult of access by the public. Were this otherwise, it might possibly be made a suitable location. 2. THE LITTLE BITTER-ROOT COUNTRY.—This is a beautiful country, admirably suited for a range, but is too remote, too difficult of access, and would require greater expenditure for fencing than would be permis- sible. The roads to and from that section are hilly, not much travelled, and visitors to a herd located there would for a long time be very few. The Little Bitter- Root River, which is but a creek, flows through the valley which was formerly made by the outlet of Flathead Lake when the outlet was through the western arm of the lake. Through this valley access is easy, but it is from 60 to 90 miles distant from Kalispell, on the Great Northern Rail- road. From the Northern Pacific, at Plains, the distance is less than half of that given, but the road is difficult to travel over in its present state. 3. [HE HILLs EAST OF THE PEND D’OREILLE RIVER.* —It is here that the Pablo-Allard Buffaloes have ranged a great deal of the time. ‘True, they have crossed the river often, and ranged westward toward the Little Bitter- Roots, but on several different occasions I have visited them in the very region now under consideration. The general contour of the country is as follows: East of the river there is a valley several miles wide, and quite level; eastward of this valley is a range of low hills and buttes, extending north and south; east of these is a high and level bench, gradually dropping lower to form the Mission valley; on the eastern side of that valley the majestic Mission Mountains rise abruptly from the plain, the peaks having an elevation of from 7,000 to 10,000 feet above the sea, and 4,000 to 7,000 feet above the valley. This location is fine, the conditions are favorable, with the possible exception of water supply; but the region is rather remote, and difficult of access. The new railroad from Kalispell to Dixon, connecting the Great Northern with the Northern Pacific, will go close to this range, and *Inasmuch as on most maps this river is called the Flathead, we have found it desirable to adopt the name in most general use.—Eb. 19 ‘aBuey ojeyng pesodoid oy} jo Arepunog Usd}sva 94} IvauU Wor, Ysea BZuryooT ‘SNIVINNOW NOISSIWN FHL “AI ALVId ) {; KALISPELL 3 i Py, 4 = = THE FLATHEAD INDIAN RESERVATION AND ADJACENT TERRITORY. possibly will cut it; but the locality to be next mentioned has many more points in its favor. THE RANGE RECOMMENDED. 4. THE RAVALLI HILLS AND MEADOWS.—This is the range I have selected and recommend as offer- ing all the advantages. ‘The section is in the form of a rectangle, with the Jocko River as the southern boundary, Mission Creek on the north and on the west is the “Big River, the Pend: id Oreille, alsoi called) Mlathead. “ihe eastern boundary is the ravine through which runs the maim road trom Rayalle to the Flathead. Make. ais draw rises to a high summit which forms the crest of the divide between the Jocko River and Mission Valley, the elevation being 3,104 feet. On the opposite, or northern side a ravine drops down to Mission Creek. ‘This is approximately the boundary. The range proposed contains five Indian allotments, with a total of 800 acres, as shown in the map herewith. The selection in Section II, Town. 18, Range 21, includes the springs which form the little stream called Chim- taupeh; the selection in Section I, Town. 18, Range 21, includes a small stream with a few inches, flowing north- west, but disappearing before Mission Creek is reached; the selections in Section 7, Town. 18, Range 20, include a perennial spring with a small flow, but whose water soon sinks into the ground. All these springs are perpetual. There are fine springs in Sections 13 and 14, Town. 18, Range 21, which are also perpetual, and which furnish water for a stream sufficiently large to water many animals. These five Indian selections should be eliminated either by purchase or by lien selections. In case both these courses prove to be impossible, they may be fenced out of the range. If they are eliminated the range will then have approximately 27 sections, as follows: Beginning with the southeastern corner of Section 30, Town. 18, Range 20, run thence diagonally to the centre of 29; north on 29 to the boundary of 20; east to line between 20 and 21; north three miles to corner of Sections 22 4, 5, 8.and 9; diagonally across 5 to township line at north- east corner of 5; north across Mission Creek, along this creek at suitable distance through Section 31, Town. 19, Range 20; in Town. 19, Range 21, through sections 36, 35, 27, 28; south through 30 to township line; in Town. 18, Range 21 south through the center of sections 4, 9, 16, and to center of section 21; east a half; south a quarter; east a halt and south across the, Jocko: River, to the Northern Pacific right of way; following the right of way and river through Sections 27 and 26; crossing back north. of the river; through 25 and 30 to point of beginning. On the map submitted herewith this line is clearly indicated as the boundary of the range proposed. In case it is impossible to eliminate the five allotments, the line may run as before to the corner of Sections 8, 9, 16 and 17 in Town. 19, Range 20; thence west one and one-half miles; north to center of 7; west two miles to the center of 11 in Town. 18, Range 21; thence north a mile to center of 2, and west to line as before marked; or north across Mission Creek to line of boundary as outlined. The line of this alternative boundary is also shown. This alternative proposition will give a little more than 17 sections if taken with the boundary first given, or almost 5 sections more as given last. In finally fixing the area and boundaries of a bison range in the region proposed, there are three possibilities: (1) If the five Indian allotments are removed, a range of 27 sections; (2) cutting out the allotments, a range of 17 sections; and (3), a range of 22 sections, but with more fencing than should be the case. In proposition No. 1 the range would include over four miles of Mission Creek, one and one-half miles of the Jocko River, and four springs or clusters of springs in gulches. In No. 2 there would be the Jocko River, one cluster of springs, and the stream from another. In No. 3 there would be over three miles of Mission Creek, besides the one and one-half miles of Jocko River. For No. 1 there would be required 20% miles of fence, in No. 2 about 18 miles, and in No. 3 about the same as in No. 1. In fencing No. 1 there will be no hills to cross 23 usos Sst ‘yjiou jo PLAnAMeR SL OV EL ySOM [IH] @ SIE UIOYIION OL MEIIIG “UlYSsa}eyYsuy sMoys s1njord styy, ‘Aap~ea oy} yey pesoquiry oy} Yysnoryy “4Zo_ 0} WYSII woz smog saATY oof MUL AONVA AHL AO NOILYOd NYYHLINOS AHL ‘A ALVId : in the work; in No. 2 there is a high hill to cross; in No. 3 it will be necessary to cross two hills. By all means No. 1 is first choice. This would give ample grazing ranges for a large herd, with an abundance of water, and plenty of shelter from the storms of winter. The range should accommodate from 1,500 to 2,000 Buf- faloes, including, as it will, about 18,000 acres. It will make an excellent range for antelope, deer and elk; and even mountain sheep should do well upon it. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. I will now give a description of the range, assuming that the entire range indicated as No. 1 is finally chosen by the Bison Society. If either of the other ranges are taken, a portion of this description in inapplicable. It is said on good authority that this is the range which Mr. Pablo wanted on which to keep his herd of Buffalo. Colonel Rankin, the government allotting agent of the reservation, is emphatic in his opinion that it is the place of all places on the reservation for the proposed national buffalo herd. Joseph Allard, the son of Charles Allard, originally part owner of the Allard-Pablo herd, believes that this range is ideal. Duncan McDonald, one of the most intelligent men on the reservation, and who rode over the range with me during my study of it, says that no better place could be selected. Every one who knows the coun- try, and whose opinion has been asked, says the same thing. Tourists or visitors may step off the train at Ravalli, and in five minutes be in the range. They may look into the range for nine miles as they ride from Ravalli to Jocko! Animals may be shipped in and out with very little effort. The range is strictly non-agricultural, but the greater portion of it affords excellent grazing. By non-agricul- tural is meant that it cannot be irrigated, owing to the fact that it is high above water, and irregular. For dry-farm- ing, the hills are too steep. The highest point is on the quarter section between sections 13 and 24, elevation by aneroid 4,800 feet. ‘The quarter section stone is on the narrow summit. ‘This is about 2,000 feet above the rail- road, and a little over two miles from Ravalli. From this 25 ‘S[[IY 24} pue preorpIer dy} UVaMJoq ‘ToquIT} 94} YSnosy} Suna 19ATY OYIO[ ay} pu ‘oinjord oY} Fo s[pprur oy} Ysno1ryy suni ABmpeYy ogDeg UlION WL “A %MeTq UI }eY} UY} Jsva OY} PALMO} JOYJILZ aSuey oy} Jo uopszod ve st siyy ‘AONVA GASOdOUd AHL AO LNOYA NYAHLNOS TA ULVId high hill, or low mountain, the range slopes in every direc- tion. On the south it drops to the Jocko River, on the west to the Flathead, or Pend d’Oreille River, on the north to Mission Creek, and on the east to the Mission Valley. he highest mountain is called Quilseeh, which in the Flathead language means “red sleep.” From Quilseeh Mountain, several ridges extend. These are excellently shown in Plate III, which was taken from the morainal hills to the eastward, or toward the Mission Mountains. ‘The view is south-westward. In the middle of the picture is a depression, with a slope from left to right. In this depression lies the eastern boundary of the range, extending from left to right (south to north), about the middle of the picture. The highest point is Quilseeh, and the one to the left is Wheewheetlchaye.* Long Ridge slopes down to the right. The photograph shows the character of the range on the north and east. The range is hilly, but not precipitous, and is just such ground as the Pablo herd travels over daily. In the draws and ravines the grazing is fine. The selections of Alex- ander and Eneas are between the ridge on the sky line and the one immediately below it on the extreme right. The timber is scarce and the largest trees perhaps 150 to 200 years old. ‘They are the yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia), with spreading limbs and branches. The water courses shown are dry in summer. By turning the back to the picture shown in Plate III and travelling a few miles eastward the picture shown in Plate IV was taken. This is only a portion of the beautiful Mission Mountains, which stand out so grandly, and are especially imposing from the summit of Quilseeh or Wheewheetlchaye. Quilseeh drops off to the south over a ridge called Inskaltesshin, referring to’a mass of rocks, shale, etc., on the southern face, which to the Indian mind resembles a dragon stretched out on the face of the mountain. This is shown in Plate V. This is the steepest part of the range, and contains the timber. Plate VI shows the portion *For convenience, this difficult Indian name will be changed to Red Man’s Ridge.—Ep. 27 ‘S[[TY 24} pue peosrer 9y4} UsaMjoq Uses aq ABUT ADATI ay, “AdT[eA ONO dy} SI Jey ay ‘UMOYS SI ASULY 94} JO IOUIOD Ula}sedYyIMNOS sy, ‘“SUdT B[Suv-apIM v YW ‘TA 4e[q Se UOT}Sod owes oY} WO1Y UdyRY, ‘AODNVA NOSIG GaASOdOUd AHL AO LNOW NYAHLNOS TIA FLV Id tantherueast. up the fiver Pilate VILE is: from, the: same point as Plate VI, but with a wide-angle lens. It shows the Jocko Valley. Ravalli is almost on the edge of the picture, on the right, in the centre, where a depression separates the hills on the right from those on the left. This depression is the eastern boundary of the range. The Mission Mountains are visible in the hazy distance. Standing on the same spot from which the pictures in Plates V, VI and VII were taken, and looking down the river, northwestward, the southwestern corner of the range may be seen. This view shows the Jocko Valley to its junction with the Flathead River, which comes in from the right (north), in the distance. The Flathead or Pend d’Oreille Valley and river extend in the distance to the left. The line of the bison range is along the slope above the Jocko River, and the fence should cross the river into the valley, within the limits of the picture. The only good view of the northern side of the range is shown in Plate II. Indeed, this picture, taken from an elevation of nearly 8,000 feet in the Mission Moun- tains, gives a bird’s-eye view of the entire range except on the south. It is thus seen to be an open range of low hills, almost bare of timber on the visible slopes. ‘The range is distant from the point of view about ten or twelve miles. CHARACTER OF PHE SOIL. Along Mission Creek and on the long slope bordering the Flathead River, there is considerable alkali. In such places the ground is quite bare of vegetation. On the steeper slopes the grazing is scanty. In the ravines, on the protected slopes, and in the wide heads of gulches, the vegetation is luxuriant. Last June the grass was waist high in the moist ravines, and knee high on the slopes. On the south, in the timber, there is considerable slide- rock, but this is a minor item. ‘The broader slopes and wider ravines have rich, pebbly loam. The summits and ridges are outcrops of rock, with scanty vegetation. THE VEGETATION: In the spring the range is almost a fairyland of flowers. These continue until late in July. The broad-leaved Bal- 29 ‘JsoM JO YOU ST MOIA ay, ‘Worjoojo1d Burmoys “Yoe1y urysseyeysuy JO PeoHy ‘gheyopeoyMooy AA WOIZ “Yaas|InG ONVUY AHL AO LINNOAS AHL NO TWA ALWid samorrhiza, with its yellow flowers, grows over most of the range. Wherever this plant grows the soil is rich. Bunch-grass grows in abundance. In the valleys, blue grass (Poa) and other nutritious grasses grow rankly. On the summit of Quilseeh, in June, within a few paces of each other, 21 species of plants were found growing. In the valleys and gulches, lupines almost shoulder high were visible everywhere. Wild geranium and Phacelia indicated, by their growth, plenty of moisture. Many species of water plants grew around the springs, and along the creek beds. In places the vegetation is rank, in other places moderate; in still others it is poor or absent. TIMBER. As has been previously stated, only a small portion of the range is covered with timber. ‘This is confined to the southern slopes, and to the draws. The coniferous trees are yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia). ‘There is no thick timber. The trees are scattered, well branched and afford good shade. Reforestation, or, more correctly speaking, the beginning of foresting, is taking place in several localities. In several of the gulches there are dense clusters of willows and alders. On the hillsides are a few scattered rock maples. A scanty growth of timber is found along Mission Creek, although a narrow belt has a few large trees. Along the Jocko the growth is dense, with both pine and fir, and a thick stand of cottonwood, alder, birch and willow. As most of the timber grows on the hillsides, it is on that account difficult of access. Save a few scat- tering trees it is not commercially valuable. ‘The fir trees will supply a large number of posts for fencing. SPRINGS AND STREAMS. The Jocko River is the largest stream touching the range. It rises in the Mission Mountains, to the southeast, always has a strong flow of pure, clear water, and will always afford a supply for the herd. When the reser- vation is thrown open to settlement much of the present flow wil! no doubt be consumed in irrigation, but the 31 -yuiod suiddiys ABM{IeI 94} ST SINT, ‘ssOID B YYWM poayxieU St TpeAey ‘asuex uostg pasodoid 9Y} JO WuUINs oY} WorZ “TW[BAPY pP+1EMO} \seayjnos SuLooT ‘RATIVA OMOOL FHL AO MAIA XI ALV1Id river will always have water. The flow of the river June 30, 1900, was 660 second feet. Mission Creek, on the northern boundary, rises in the Mission Mountains a few miles to the eastward. Per- petual snows form its source. It rises in the great amphi- theatre shown in part in Plate IV, flowing down the canyon in the middle of the picture. Its flow on June 30, 1900, was 412 second feet. Its waters are clear and cold, and as pure as a mountain stream can be. Later on, much of its water will no doubt be used for irrigation, but the stream will not go dry. Its waters may be held back in spring, by reservoirs at its source. In one branch of the creek, near the snow-banks, is a lake a mile and a half lone mearly a malt mile wide: and 250 feet deep. Its outlet is dammed by a glacial moraine, so that it 1s easy to increase the volume of water in the lake. But, even if these two streams should be entirely used up in irrigation—-which is out of reason—there are springs on the range which will supply an abundance of clear, pure and cold water. On the northern slope the seepage from the mountain is considerable. It breaks out in springs, which by digging could be easily made into large springs or wells. Chimtaupeh Creek and Inskaltesshin Creeks both head in a number of springs, which are said by residents never to fail. ‘The waters from these springs disappear before reaching the valley, but flow in a regular stream for a mile or more after coming out of the ground. In all but late summer there are numerous water courses which head in small springs, but which later on dry up. PROTECTION.—The prevailing winds of summer blow from the south or southwest. A breeze is quite surely to be felt on the summits of the range during the hot days of summer. The springs, the trees, the creeks, will give chance for cooling the animals in summer. ‘There is more need for winter protection. No matter which way the storms may come, there will always be protection from the sting of the wind and snow. If it comes from the north, a Bison herd would have but to move over to the gulches on the south side; if from the east, the head of Chimtaupeh is a safe retreat; and no matter how fierce the winds, the animals may escape. ‘The thickets along 33 ‘ginjold ay} FO S}WIT 94} UIYPM JOATI OY} Sso1d pyhom 2uUe} e8uet pasodoid sy], “FYSII sy} WO ST UTeJUNOT METEIS ‘GVUHLVId AHL AO LVHL HLIM NOLLONOAL SLI GNV ATIVA YAATY OMDOL FHL xX aLvid the water courses will of themselves alone be safe protec- tion, and the slopes of the hills will enable wild animals to find places free from storm blasts, no matter how fierce they may be. The range will always have bare surfaces, except in cases of sleet, which may glaze the surface with ice, or with frozen rain or new snow. Rarely is the range so coated that grass is not to be had by range stock. In this one gulch and its tributaries, wild animals may escape cold winds from any quarter. Perennial springs are found imthe rayvimnershown in Plate V1.” Phere: are thickets, to the left, out of sight; timber over the ridge to the left, and ridges for grazing all around. Plate IX also shows the same thing. This is a view from Wheewheetlchaye, looking toward Ravalli, and showing the Jocko River and valley. The water course is usually dry. Animals on this side would find protection from winds from any point of the compass. This view shows the Jocko Valley for many miles up, toward the southeast. By looking at Plate X after viewing Plate IX a good idea of the Jocko Valley may be had. The road in Plate IX marks the limits of the proposed range. The Jocko River at Ravalli, as seen in Plate IX, is better shown in Plate XI, taken at the railroad bridge at Ravalli. FENCING.—The fencing of the range will require posts for the greater portion of the distance. Along the southern side trees may be used for a portion of the distance. Cedar posts are to be had by rail from Idaho, at Sand Point, or they may no doubt be secured from the Mission Mountains. Arbor-vite forests are found at the head of all the Mission Mountain canyons. Fir posts may be secured without difficulty, close to the range. There is a good road entirely around the range except on the south, and teams can drive from the roads on the west and east over most of the distance. Where the lines cross the hillsides, as will be the case sometimes, posts and fence will have to be dragged up. For the greater portion of the boundary, fencing material may be unloaded from the wagon where it is to be used. No doubt the Indians and white men in the vicinity will contract to furnish posts and 35 ‘asue1 posodoid ay} Siojua yt aioyM TITIVAVU LV ‘AAAIN OMDOL AHL xX. LV dd put up fence at a very reasonable rate. Wherever possible the work should be given to the local people, as their co- operation and support will be a valuable factor in pre- paring the range. CARETAKING.—In a range the size of the one here contemplated, and with animals as large in numbers as this herd will be in a short time, a home for a caretaker will be necessary. On the range as outlined there are two small Indian cabins, both inside of the range, and both several miles from the railroad. It will be necessary either to purchase a ranch with buildings, or make a new home. This matter may be taken up after the range is established, but plans should be made beforehand. There are several places where a home can be made, but, of course, there will be expenses connected with it. Duncan McDonald’s ranch is shown in Plates XII and XIII. Plate XII is a view from Ravalli, looking down the Jocko River. On the right is seen the southern limits of the range; in the valley is McDonald’s hay ranch and orchard. ‘The white house belongs to the ranch, as do also the cabins. ‘The ranch joins the range on the north. A range the size of the one proposed will need atten- tion. ‘There will be fences to look after, which will mean regular inspection. Springs will need to be walled up and looked after. The animals themselves will need look- ing after. Owing to the fact that the range is high above the streams and dependent upon rainfall for growth of vegetation, and that the native grasses on the hills do not grow a thick mat as do cultivated grasses, a larger acreage is needed than in humid climates. A range may now be secured of sufficient size to main- tain animals in such numbers as will be desired in coming years. If cared for properly, a herd of several hundred Buffalo may soon be bred. ‘The land will never be fit for anything but grazing. If at first there are not enough Bison to make use of all the range, cattle or horses may be ranged at a rental, which will assist in keeping the range in condition. A good caretaker can look after all of this work. If the land is not put into a buffalo range, it will be used only for horse or cattle pastures. 37 ‘Xx poyiemt sovjd wory MOA & SE TITX ld ‘g8uv1 OY} JO SHUNT UIOYINOS oy} UO o1e 4YSII dy} UO STI oT ‘MAAIN AHL NMOC DNIMOOT AATIVA OMDOL AHL ANV ITIVAVa TIX ALV Id ENEMIES TO BUFFALO OR OTHER WILD ANIMALS.— Coyotes are not infrequent. Last May, while the Buffalo were being shipped from the reservation to Canada, I perched on some rocks at what is the corner of the range, with camera placed ready to photograph the herd as it was driven down the hill along the road. Not knowing when the herd would come, I waited several hours on this rocky eminence. While waiting, all un- known to me, a coyote came up to within a few feet, peering over the brow of the ridge at me, and leisurely trotted off. I was unaware of his presence until advised by those who were watching his performances. Almost any evening they may be heard in the hills about Ravalli. While coyotes are not uncommon, I have heard little or no complaint about wolves in this locality. The puma is to be found throughout the wooded portion of Montana, but it is not giving trouble in this section. ‘There are occasional rattlesnakes reported, but during the several days that I walked and rode over the range I did not see any. Itissafe to say the enemies would be no more numer- ous here than in other localities, and I believe they would be fewer than in the eastern ranges. They will no doubt become still scarcer as the country settles up. The Pablo herd, in their range on this reservation, has increased rapidly. SENTIMENT OF THE PEOPLE.—Duncan McDonald rode with me over the proposed range, and talked freely. I told him exactly what was proposed. He was bitterly disappointed that the Government of the United States had permitted the Pablo Buffalo herd to go to Canada. ‘What is the use of hunting for a buffalo range if the Buffalo are all gone?” was his laconic query, as he turned fiercely toward me while bemoaning the loss of the herd. “Duncan, the Buffalo of America are not all dead yet, nor are the men who are trying to save them,” I replied. Then I told him of the animals yet living, of which he had read something, and of the plans of the American Bison Society, the men back of the effort to save the noble animal, and the great value to the community if such a herd were located in its midst. 39 ‘sso1d B YYIM payseur sovjd WoIZ MTA & SE TTX Wed “HABA 3 PIPUCCIIN uround JO yours ay} Jo Javed pue asnoy ‘preyo1O TTIVAVY LY AUTIVA OMDOL AHL TIX ULV Id “If we can get the range, the animals will be put on it, Mestated: “Do you think sor” lairsune Ofte “Professor Elrod, I hope they will do it. We all hope so. The Indians are very sorry to see the Buffalo go. They all love them. They all think the Government should keep them. They don’t want to kill them. They love to see them roam over the hills and plains. Every Indian will be glad if the Government can and will save them, and keep them where they can be seen. And if there is anything in this world I can do to help, I want tordonit:7 All the intelligent men whom I have talked with on the reservation express the same opinion. Enterprising people in Missoula with whom the matter has been dis- cussed are hopeful of the outcome, and greatly desire that the undertaking will be worked out successfully. The press has in a number of cases spoken highly of the pro- posed plan. Few have knowledge of the proposed range, and when its boundaries and the character of the land are understood the plan will meet with universal favor. I have previously mentioned the efforts of Joe Allard to interest Congress in the herd. Col. Rankin, allotting agent, is full of enthusiasm over the plan. There will not be a dissenting man, unless perhaps it may be some one who wants a portion of the range for himself. CLIMATE.—The climate on the western slope of the Rockies is agreeably surprising to all those who stay in the country for any length of time. The absence of the great humidity of the Eastern and Central States relieves one of the disagreeable oppressiveness in summer, and the severity of cold in winter. The extremes are not great. The thermometer does not often fall below zero, and then for a short time only. The coldest weather recorded by the Weather Bureau in a record of. over twenty years was 27 degrees below zero, during the winter of rg04-05. The mercury does not frequently fall below 15 degrees Fahrenheit. There have been winters when the thermometer did not fall below zero. ‘The mean tem- 41 ‘epeuey 0} JuoUdIys 10f ‘peor dy} Suoje |] 394} UMOP UesATIp Buleq St psoy O[qeg-piel[y ay} jo uonsod yw ‘449, OY} UO SI YOIYM ‘aBsueI 94} JO JIU] Uto}sea OY} SI OUTARI SIY Ty, ASNVUA GuSOdOUd AHL AO ACIS NYALSVA *poary *f “WW Aq ‘Zo6r 4ys11Adoy “AIX ALVId perature, summer and winter, as recorded by the Weather Bureau for 20 years, is 46 degrees Fahrenheit. In summer the days get warm, even hot. Rarely does the temperature reach 100 in the shade. In the shade one almost always feels cool. It is always cool at night. The perpetual snow in the mountains tempers the air, as does the water on the sea coast. In the evening the cool air from the snowy peaks rolls down the mountain sides and out across the valleys. The climate of a region is dependent upon two im- portant factors, warmth and moisture. On the Flathead Reservation the fall rains come in late September or October. During the winter the snow piles in the ravines in the high mountains for summer use. ‘The spring months are delightful. Warm weather comes as early as March, when spring flowers appear. At Missoula, buttercups are usually gathered in February. Butterflies have been taken as early as the middle of February. April and May are delightful months, the latter usually of sunshine. June brings refreshing rains, lasting until after the celebration of our country’s independence. July is likely to be with- out much rainfall, and the first of September is likely to bring showers. In July, August and September there are weeks of sunshine and glorious weather. ‘The rainfall of the year averages 16 inches, varying from 15 to 20 inches. There are no cyclones. From the configuration of the surface of the land, these are impossible. ‘There are few fierce wind storms, such as are experienced on the great plains. Chinook winds occur in this section. ‘These warm winds lick up the snow from the valleys and lower hills, and deposit the moisture on the higher summits. On account of these winds snow does not he long in the valleys. There are usually several of these warm winds every winter. At the time of this writing a strong chinook is blowing at Missoula, and the few inches of snow disap- pears fast. Often snow many inches deep may be evapor- ated in a few hours. MINES, CLAIMS, ETc.—There are no mining or other claims, other than the allotments before mentioned, on the range. There are no prospect holes. There need 43 be no litigation whatever after the settlement of the allot- ment claims. ‘The roads are such as are on any open country, where it is easiest to travel. It will not be neces- sary to have roads through the range. They could hardly be run except around the border, on account of the hills and ridges. THE PABLO HERD.—This herd was started in 1884, with 36 animals brought together. In 1907 it numbered almost 600. Few people will believe there was such a number, but they were on the reservation, without doubt. The annual increment for several years has been between 60 and roo. There have been many sales, perhaps some losses by wild animals, and still the herd has increased rapidly. This herd was sold recently to representatives of the Canadian Government. The understanding was that the entire herd was to be taken except 15 or 20, which Pablo reserved. ‘The price was $259.00 each, large and small, old and young, male and female, delivered at Strathcona, but the Canadians paid the freight. Pablo suffered the loss in loading and in transportation, paid the expenses of bringing them in from the range, of loading, and of stalls, rope and other material. Two train loads, containing approximately 200 animals each, or about 400, were shipped, one in late spring, the other in late fall. Nearly $100,000 have thus been paid by the Canadians for American animals. The expense to Pablo has been great. They were hard to bring in from the range, and weeks were required to bring together a few bands. Approximately 200 Buffalo are yet on the range, which it was impossible to bring to the shipping point. No doubt many of these are old ones, and least desirable in starting a herd, but with this number there is still a chance for saving a portion of this herd for America. Pablo-cannot be blamed for the sale. The reservation is soon to be thrown open, his range will be gone, and so large a herd cannot be maintained without a large and free range. The herd cost him money in the beginning, money for maintenance, and he must dispose of it to any buyer. It is said on excellent authority he would prefer to have 44 ‘NOILVAUASAN GVAHLVIA ‘ADNVUY AHL NO ‘GUAH OTdVd AHL AO NOILUOd V AX HLV Ad them kept in America, but saw no opportunity to sell to the Government, and they could not be sold to private parties. The Pablo herd should not have been permitted to leave the country. The range outlined in this report will hold a herd twice the size of the original Pablo herd of 600, and still have food for as many more animals of other species. ‘The cost of the range will not be as great as the loss to the nation of the herd that has been sold. If the money that should have been put into the herd is now in part put into this range, and in part into animals, in a few years the increment will be such as to make a herd of which the nation may be proud. OTHER ANIMALS THAT MAY BE. PUT INTO THE RANGE. ELK.—Several men in the Flathead Valley, 60 or 70 miles north of the present range, have elk parks in the valley country, where many of these noble animals are raised. One man has more than 50, some with very fine heads of horns. The present range is admirably adapted to elk. The timber on the hills and along the streams is suited to their habits, and the range outside of the tim- bered section will give them miles of running country. A start may be had from animals in the country. ANTELOPE.—The range is admirably suited to the prong-horned antelope, which is fast disappearing, and needs greater protection. In a few places in Montana there are still herds to be found, but a range like the one proposed will give the natural conditions for a home. DEER.—Western Montana has both white-tailed and black-tailed (mule) deer in numbers. ‘The Indians have had free range in killing on the reservation, and here they are scarce. It is quite likely that licks could be established on the range before fencing, and animals thus enticed into the limits of the range before it is fenced. A drive might bring in both species of deer. ‘The Columbian black-tail would also thrive here, without doubt. By planning ahead, animals could in all proba- bility be secured from the wild animals of the vicinity. 46 There is considerable undergrowth in the timber, and along the rock ridges there is quite a little growth of bushy plants, enough to supply food of this kind for a fair sized herd. RockY MOUNTAIN SHEEP.—These animals formerly roamed over this entire section, and several bands are in the adjacent mountain ranges. They should do well on this range, as it has open summits, rock cliffs, timbered ridges and open slopes. Rocky MOUNTAIN GOAT.—While there are no sum- mer snow banks in the range, there are cool springs and ravines. ‘The goat should be able to hold its own, even if it does not thrive as well as the other animals mentioned. BLUE GROUSE.—Several of these birds were flushed while walking through the timber. There is an abund- ance of food for summer, and excellent nesting cover. RUFFED GROUSE.—No ruffed grouse were seen on my visits, but along the Jocko and Mission Creeks they are found, without doubt, and in the brush and thickets around the springs and along streams is their natural home. WESTERN SHARP-TAILED GROUSE.—In the cultivated fields these birds are often found in large-sized flocks. They may be on the range. : BoB-WHITE.—This eastern game bird has been intro- duced around Missoula, in the Bitter-Root Valley, and in the Flathead Valley. They have done well, and have greatly multiplied. During the summer they may be heard.any day around the upper end of Flathead Lake. In the range they would have plenty of food in summer, but would probably need attention in winter, unless some crop was grown for them. NAMES.—The names of creeks, ridges and mountains are all of Indian origin. Quilseeh (Red Sleep), mountain, was named for Mrs. Duncan McDonald. Seelaw, mountain, named for one of the United States Indian Judges of the reservation; a leading man, who lived near Dixon and died in 1906. 47 ‘VGVNVO OL LNAWNdIHS YOAX ACVAN “GUYAH OTdVd YHL AO NOILAOd V *poarst tf “WW Aq ‘2061 ‘yysushdoD oo TAX ALVId Wheewheetlchaye (many grizzly bear), ridge, with summit east of Quilseeh; named for an old Pend d’Oreille Indian chief. Inskaltesshin (a dead dragon), ridge and gulch, lead- ing south from Quilseeh. Kaiimi, gulch and creek, named for an old Indian, now dead. Chimtaupeh (bob-tail), gulch, named for an old Indian. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.—Duncan McDonald, of Ra- valli, was kind enough to ride with me over the range and give me much help in understanding its general features and character. He gave me the information about the springs and streams, and in regard to the feeding Capacity -of> ties range, «Col: Rankine Indian allotting agent for the Government, has rendered great assistance. I am indebted to him for the map of the range, and for other courtestess,.., Wiajor, Wi. Ei Smead ot” Missoula, permitted me to photograph and use his map of the Flat- head Reservation, marked in sections, and with all lines and streams indicated. Many others have rendered assist- ance In minor ways. 49 THE PROPOSED NEW YORK STATE BISON HERD. At the annual meeting held in January, 1907, Pro- fessor Franklin W. Hooper proposed a movement for the establishment of a herd of American Bison in the Adirondacks, to be owned and maintained by the State, on State lands. The proposal’ received the immediate approval of the Society, and the Executive Committee was directed to take such steps as might be necessary to carry the idea, into effect. Mr. Madison Grant prepared a bill to provide the necessary legislation and a fund of $20,000.00 with which to fence a large area, of ten or twelve square miles, erect such sheds and corrals as might be necessary, purchase about 15 pure-blood bison, and transport them to the pro- posed range. The bill provided that the whole under- taking should be under the management of State Commis- sioner of Forests, Fish and Game, Mr. John D. Whipple. The bill-was introduced in the Assembly by Assembly- man Frank C. Hooper, of Essex, and in the Senate by Senator George H. Cobb. The Assembly Committee on Ways and Means promptly granted a hearing on the bill, at which Professor Hooper, Dr. Hornaday and Mr. Harry V. Radford appeared in support of the measure. There was no opposition. On the contrary, Chairman Sherman Moreland, Speaker Wadsworth, and all the members of the committee were not only friendly to the measure, but they facilitated its progress. The following are the names of the members of the Ways and Means Committee of the Assembly for 1907 :— SHERMAN MORELAND JAMES T. ROGERS JEAN L. BURNETT JOHN K. PATTON JESSE) S., PILEIPS JAMES K. APGAR EDWIN A. MERRITT, JR. J. MAYHEW WAINWRIGHT GEORGE H. WHITNEY MERVIN C. STANLEY GARY H. Woop JAMES OLIVER THOMAS J. FARRELL 50 Senator Cobb’s bill was referred to the Finance Com- mittee of the Senate. At the hearing which was granted by that committee, Mr. Hornaday appeared in behalf of the measure, and there the whole matter was received in the most friendly spirit. Through the initiative of Sen- ator Armstrong, chairman, the bill was recast in the briefest form possible, and it was inserted as an item in the annual supply bill. On that basis it was approved by both Houses, and the conference committees, and finally passed as part of the supply bill. In effect, the members of both branches of the Legislature were unanimously in favor of the immediate establishment of a State Bison herd, as proposed by The American Bison Society. The membership of the Senate Committe on Finance in 1907 was as follows :— WILLIAM W. ARMSTRONG JOTHAM P. ALLDS HENRY VVAYLAND AIEL. | WILLIAM J. DULY OWEN CASSIDY MARTIN SAXE JOHN N. CorpTs WILLIAM T. O’NEIL JOHN RAINES SAMUEL J. RAMSPERGER DOMINICK F. MULLANEY CHARLES H. FULLER THOMAS F. GRADY All friends of the American Bison, in general, and the members of the Bison Society in particular, are indebted to Speaker James W. Wadsworth, Jr., Senators Arm- strong, Cobb, Hill and Raines, and Assemblyman Hooper, Moreland and Merritt. The generous spirit in which the matter was received by the New York Legislature as a whole, may fairly be regarded as an index of the interest which nearly all intelligent Americans feel in the per- petual preservation of America’s most conspicuous wild quadruped. Coincident with the final passage of the supply bill, the Bison Society received what it regarded as a trust- worthy intimation that Governor Hughes was friendly to the proposal for a State Bison herd, and might be expected to approve the item. Nevertheless, both Assemblyman Hooper and the President of the Society wrote the Gov- ernor, separately, requesting a hearing. In making the application Mr. Hornaday took occasion to state pointedly 51 some of the reasons why the proposition should be carried out, and assured Governor Hughes that its practical success was beyond question. The two requests for a hearing were not answered, and therefore it was supposed that the Governor was satisfied to act without further information. Favorable action was confidently expected, and the officers of the Society purposely refrained from troubling the Executive with correspondence. ‘To the members of the Bison Society, and many others, Governor Hughes’ veto of the item for an Adirondack herd came as a profound and painful surprise, than which no action could have been more unexpected. The Governors’ reasons for the veto were recorded as follows :— “Tt is doubtful, to say the least, whether there ever have been any Bison in the Adirondacks, and the policy of attempting to maintain Bison there is questionable. In view of the many demands upon the Treasury of the State, and the many improve- ments which it has been found necessary to curtail, I should not feel justified in approving the item.” Although the officers of the Bison Society are astounded, they vate mot im the least dismayed 9) hte 8,000,000 people of New York State desire to have a Bison herd of their own, on land which they own in the Adiron- dacks, and they are both able and willing to pay the very trifling sums that it will cost. They know without being told in measured words that such a herd would in a short time increase to such proportions that every small city in this State could presently be supplied with a breeding pair of Bison for its public park, to interest millions of people, young and old, and to testify to the interest that the Americans of to-day feel in the splendid species which the Americans of thirty years ago so nearly exterminated. When such a measure has passed the New York State Legislature unanimously, it is a sure sign that the people desire the thing for which it provides. ‘The report of Comptroller Glynn, published in December, announces that the surplus in the State treasury at the close of 1907, exclusive of all bills payable, was the very comfortable 52 sum of $13,678,138. In view of this fact, it would appear that the Legislature was within bounds when it authorized an expenditure of $20,000, with which to establish a herd of Bison in the Adirondacks. VWieelieakn. 53 MUVd TVOIDOIOOZ AHL NI STVYNOD NOSIA AHL LV ALNHO AHL TEES EO UN DINGS OR En. WG Ei” NATIONAL BISON HERD. By WILLIAM JT. HORNADAY. In 1901, the Kiowa-Comanche Indian Reservation, in southwestern Oklahoma, was by act of Congress opened up for settlement. When Congress enacted the law throwing open the Indian reserves of Oklahoma for settlement, it also created of the Wichita Mountains and the plains adjacent thereto, a national forest reserve con- taining 60,800 acres. By a proclamation issued by President Roosevelt, on June 2d, 1905, the whole of this National Forest Reserve was designated by authority of an act of Congress (33 Stat. 614), as a national game preserve, withdrawing the whole area from agricultural settlement and dedicating it to the preservation of wild quadrupeds and birds of national importance. In view of the fact that this new game reserve em- braced some of the best grazing grounds of what once was the great southern herd of American Bison, it occurred to the Director of the New York Zoological Park that an opportunity had been created for the founding of a Goy- ernment herd of American Bison, under exceptionally favorable conditions. [It seemed evident that in view of the light snowfall in Oklahoma, and the fact that formerly millions of Bison inhabited the plains of Oklahoma and Texas, all the year round,—subsisting by natura! grazing throughout the winter,—that it would be entirely possible for Bison to maintain themselves at the present day, all the year round, by grazing. Prior to 1905, it appears that no private individual nor corporation of any kind, ever had offered to the United States Government a gift of American Bison, as the nucleus of a National herd. In view of the well-known fact that no large species of quadruped can be bred and perpetuated for centuries in the confinement of zoological 55 gardens and parks,—even where the enclosures are as large as those in the New York Zoological Park,—it seemed reasonably certain that the only way to insure the perpetuation of the Bison species for centuries to come lies in the creation of several national herds, maintained by the Government on large areas of grazing grounds. It seemed desirable that for the encouragement of the National Government in the perpetuation of the Bison species, the scientific institutions of the country, and private individuals also, should do more than offer advice and exhortations to Congress. Accordingly, a formal cummunication was laid before the Executive Committee of the New York Zoological Society, suggesting that the Society should offer to the National Government, through the Secretary of Agriculture, as a free gift, a herd of not less than twelve pure-blood American Bison, of various ages, to serve as the nucleus of a new national herd, pro- vided Congress would appropriate a sufficient sum of money to erect a suitable fence around a large area of grazing grounds in the Wichita Forest Reserve, and main- tain the gift. This suggestion met with the instant approval of the Zoological Society, and the Director of the Park and the Secretary of the Society, Mr. Madison Grant, were instructed to take all steps that were necessary to carry it into effect. The date of this action was March PS; 1O05: On March 25, 1905, a definite offer of a nucleus herd of Bison on the condition outlined above, was made to the Government, through the Secretary of Agriculture. It met with a prompt and cordial acceptance, and the Secretary immediately directed the Bureau of Forestry to co-operate with the Zoological Society in selecting a suit- able range. The Society was invited to send an agent to Oklahoma, to join a representative of the Forestry Bureau in making a careful examination of all portions of the Wichita Game Reserve, and with a view to selecting and recommending a location for the proposed range. On November 22d, 1905, Mr. J. Alden Loring was selected as the Society’s agent for the proposed examina- tion, and he proceeded immediately to Oklahoma, for the object stated above. 56 On February rst, 1906, he submitted to the Zoological Society a report, which may fairly be regarded as a model of its kind. It sets forth with ample fullness of detail the physical character of the whole of the Wichita Forest Game Reserve—its elevations, soil, vegetation, timber, grazing-grounds, water supply and climatic conditions generally. It discusses intelligently all the difficulties that are liable to be encountered in establishing a herd of Bison in that region, and finally furnishes a map showing the area selected by Mr. Loring and Mr. E. F. Morrissey, then Supervisor of the Wichita Game Reserve. In accordance with his instructions from the Society, the bison range proposed and shown by boundaries on the map, contained twelve square miles of territory, and is situated in the western center of the Wichita Reserve as a whole. In the area proposed as the range for the new bison herd, there are abundant grazing grounds, consisting of gently rolling prairie, covered with choice mesquite grass, buffalo grass and blue-stem. ‘The grazing grounds are practically surrounded by several high, round-tonped or rock-capped hills, and cliffs and ridges of red granite rock. Heavy growths of black-jack oak usually cover the slopes, and near the bases of these elevations, black-jack and post oak timber sometimes extend down into the level country for a quatter of ‘a mule; In several portions of “the forest there are trees cimty tect im merent. Dhe mountains, hills and timber, taken together, afford abundant shelter for the Bison from the fiercest storms of winter. The highest peak is about 600 feet in height. The most important grazing ground was christened by Mr. Loring “Winter Valley,” “because it makes such an excellent winter range. In this we found many Buffalo wallows, and mesquite grass in sufficient quantities to winter such a herd of Buffalo as it is proposed to place on the range.” The water supply of the bison range is abundant and constant. A fine spring, situated in the northern portion of the range, is the source of Cache Creek, which flows southward through practically the entire length of the 57 BISON ON THE WAGONS AT CACHE. THE bison range, and furnishes a perpetual supply of pure water. here is no impure water anywhere in the range; nor is there any possibility that impure water could flow into the range. Mr. Loring’s report was published by the Zoological Society in its Tenth Annual Report (1905), and promptly laid before the First Session of the Fifty-ninth Congress, in which Mr. Madison Grant, Secretary of the Zoological Society, and Dr. T. S. Palmer, of the Biological Survey, rendered most important service. Through the kind co- operation of Hon. John F. Lacey, of Iowa, author of the famous Lacey Bird Law; Hon. James W. Wadsworth, of New York, Chairman of the House Committee on Agri- culture; Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture, and other members of Congress interested in the perpetual preservation of the Bison, an item was inserted in the annual Agricultural appropriation bill, providing for an appropriation of $15,000, with which to erect a substantial steel-wire fence, seven feet six inches in height, entirely around the proposed bison range, to erect suitable shelter- sheds, a barn for the storage of hay, flood-gates across all streams, and also to purchase such supplies of hay for use during the first year as might be necessary. Without the slightest opposition, either in the House of Representa- tives or in the Senate, this item was passed with the appropriation bill and became a law. Forthwith the Secretary of Agriculture requested Mr. Gifford Pinchot, Chief of the Forest Service, and thereby in sole charge of the Wichita Game Reserve, to take all steps that might be necessary to carry the law into effect and fully meet the conditions proposed by the New York Zoological Society. At the request of the Forestry Bureau, the Director of the Zoological Park prepared plans and specifications for the improvements to be made and designed a series of corrals and sheds for the handling of the Bison herd when not on the range. All these plans were approved by the Forestry Bureau, and forthwith a contract for the work of erecting the fences, corrals, sheds and other buildings was advertised. The lowest bid for the work was made by Gurley & Paine, of Denton, Tex., and the Forestry Bureau immediately executed a contract with that firm. Work 59 EACH BISON WAS SPRAYED WITH CRUDE OIL. A PORTION OF THE CORRALS, SHOWING THE SHELTER. began in the late summer of 1906, and was prosecuted thereafter with commendable diligence. It is reported by two representatives of the Zoological Society who accompanied the Bison herd to Oklahoma, that all the improvements made are of the most substantial, workman- like and generally satisfactory character. Notwithstand- ing the fact that the contractors have encountered very great practical difficulties in constructing the fence over rocky ground and up and down steep hills, often necessi- tating the carrying of all materials by hand for iong dis- tances, the work has gone forward in a most painstaking and conscientious manner. In that dry climate, the fences of the new range and corrals should last for a great many years without renewal. All the posts were of hard wood, carefully seasoned, and specially treated, to prevent decay. After extensive inquiries for the best candidate for the position of caretaker of the new Bison herd, the Forestry Bureau finally selected Mr. Frank Rush, who was appointed in the early autumn of 1907, under the tempor- any title-of Morest Guard. Mir Rush entered upon this duties in the month of September, and established a res1- dence on the Wichita Game Reserve.* The time selected by the Zoological Society for the shipment of the herd under the conditions most favorable to its transplantation was in October, 1907. At the request of the Society, the Forestry Bureau instructed Mr. Rush to come to New York, in order that he might become thoroughly acquainted with the herd in its home and accompany the shipment to Oklahoma. After long and careful consideration, the Director of the Zoological Park decided that the only way in which to prevent all accidents to the Buffaloes while in transit, was that each one should be crated at the Zoological Park and transported therein to the corrals of the new bison range. Accordingly, a series of crates were prepared, and for the benefit of Buffalo shippers generally, the dimen- sions are given. *On January 1, 1908, Mr. Rush was appointed Forest Supervisor of the Wichita National Forest. 61 INTERIOR DIMENSIONS OF CRATES FOR AMERICAN BISON. No. 1—For large adult bull: 9 feet long, 5 feet 6 inches high, 3 feet 6 inches wide. No. 2—For bulls four years old and adult cows: 8 feet long, 5 feet high, 3 feet wide. No. 3—-For cows and bulls two years old: 7 feet long, 4 feet 6 inches high, 2 feet 6 inches wide. No. 4—For calves in first year: 5 feet long, 4 feet high, 2 feet 3 inches wide. *In order to get this crate into an Arms Palace Stock- car, it was necessary to cut off six inches of its length. In these crates no feed boxes were built in. A door nine inches high, on strong hinges, was provided at each end, at the bottom, and both doors were arranged to bolt to the bottom very firmly when closed. The crates were smooth inside and built solidly for two feet up. The framing timbers under the bottom all were made to run lengthwise, and there were no crossboards underneath to interfere with rollers. This precaution is exceedingly necessary, because it is usually impossible to move Buf- faloes in crates save on rollers. At one end, a strong door was made, to slide up and down. This door must always run easily, in order that it may be quickly dropped after an animal has been driven into a crate. Once the animal is inside, the door requires to be bolted with heavy wood- screws, put in with a monkey-wrench. ‘To keep the rear run across from side to side, and secured by nuts and end of a crate from springing apart, two iron rods were washers. For watering a Buffalo in a crate, the best arrangement is a wooden box, about 15 inches square, with sides six inches high, in order that it may be introduced at the feed- door and taken out again at the proper time. This is also to be used as a feed-box in feeding grain of any kind. There are two ways in which Buffaloes may be made to enter shipping crates. The best course is by means of a long, narrow chute, with the crate placed at one end, its entrance door raised, and a man posted on top of the crate 62 ‘SIVYUXOD AHL JO NOILVOOT AHL ONIMOHS ‘AUTIVA MALNIM AO NOILNOd V behind the raised door, in order to drop it as soon as the animal enters. ‘The bottom of the crate should be covered with hay, and hay should be strewn along the corral for a few feet of the distance leading into the crate. For loading a large number of Bison, it is much the best that the crates should rest upon a raised platform, similar to that in use at the Zoological Park. The other method 1s in some respects more difficult. It consists in throwing a lariat around the hors of the Bison, or around its neck, and dragging the animal in by main strength. ‘This method often is useful as a last resort, and once an animal is roped, it is quickly drawn to its place. When the bison corrals of the Zoological Park were rebuilt two years ago, a permanent chute was erected for the loading of Bison that might require to be sent away. The following animals were selected to constitute the nucleus of the Wichita National Bison herd :— large bull, 534 years old, bull, 3% years old, bulls, 2% years old, spike bull, bull calf, 6 months old, adult cows, all breeders, cow, 2% years old, cow, 14 years old, female calf, 6 months old. Totaly 1-5 thead. Ne ie eee ere ees, ote AS The Bison thus selected represent four distinct strains of blood. “The large: breeding bull is-not related = te any of the other members of the herd. It is the belief of the writer, based on recent studies of the development of wild animals derived from a small number of progen- itors, but ranging free on large areas of territory, that on any range for animals as large as that of the Wichita Bison Range, the dangers of evil results from inbreeding are too small to be considered seriously, provided the original stock is sound and healthy. Of course it is well known that diseased parents transmit their diseases to their off- spring, and the greatest evils of inbreeding arise from this source. 64 On- October 10th; between 11 Avy Mihandss.co Ps Vie, thirteen Bison of the Wichita herd were successfully crated and delivered at the railroad. Trouble was exper- 1enced with only two of the fifteen animals. One young cow objected to entering the crate, as also did the largest bull. With a very brief delay, however, both were event- ually driven into their crates, and the whole fifteen head were placed on board the cars at Fordham Station without the slightest accident. Through the ettorts of the late Charles, 1) Barcuey, Chairman of the Executive Committee, Mr. Dudley Evans, President, and Mr. H. B. Parsons, Vice-President of the Wells-Fargo Express Company, consented that their Company should transport the two Arms Palace Horse Cars containing the Bison from St. Louis to Cache, free of charge. Wir. James C. Farco,*President of the American Express Company, also offered, on behalf of his company and the New York Central Lines, to trans- port the cars free of charge from New York to St. Louis. These complimentary services were rendered because of the public interest attaching to the object in view, and were equivalent to a gift to the Zoological Seciety of $1,000.00, or thereabouts. In fact, but for this concession on the part of the two express companies, it would have been impossible to have shipped the buffaloes by pas- senger train service, in which event the shipment would have been far longer in transit, and the buffaloes would have been much reduced in strength by the long journey in close confinement. The shipment left Fordham Station, New York City, on October 11th, in charge of Chief Clerk H. R. Mitchell, of the Zoological Park, and Mr. Frank Rush, who were also accompanied by Mr. Elwin R. Sanborn, of the Zoo- logical Park staff. “Chanks to the experience and knowl- edge of Mr. Mitchell in matters relating to railway trans- portation, the journey from New York to Cache was made in seven days—the distance being 1,858 miles. Naturally, the fact that two carloads of Buffaloes were being sent from a crowded eastern city back to the southern Buffalo range, attracted great attention; and in Oklahoma, 65 ‘NOSI9 AHL FAS OL AHOVO WOT ANVD OHM SNVIGNI AHONVWOOD AO ANvd V eke especially, the interest of the public reached the highest pitch. All persons who never have had an opportunity to become familiar with the difficulties involved in shipping a herd of large, hoofed animals by rail, should be advised that such an undertaking involves very serious difficulties and demands first-class ability. In his narrative of the transportation of the herd from the Zoological Park to the Wichita Reserve, published in the Zoological Society’s Bulletin No. 28, page 412, Mr. Elwin R. Sanborn records the following statement :— “Tt would be churlish and a neglect unpardonable not to award to Mr. Mitchell praise for the admirable manner in which the details of the transportation were executed. In every instance, his knowledge of railroad methods and his tireless energy overcame obstacles which would have meant hardship and perhaps death to some of the Bison, and their safe arrival at Cache was due absolutely to his splendid work.” On reaching the town of Cache, it was found that Mr. W. R. Mattoon, Acting Supervisor, in charge of the whole Wichita Reserve, had perfected arrangements for transporting the animals from the railway to the range. A caravan of wagons was found awaiting the arrival of the shipment. Forthwith the crates were loaded upon the wagons and hauled twelve miles across the prairie to the new bison range. On arrival there, the crates were, with- out any great difficulty, unloaded in the corrals, and the Buffaloes were liberated. None of the animals had sus- tained the slightest injury, and all arrived at their new home in excellent condition. In establishing the nucleus herd of Bison in its new home, there is but one danger which affords ground for anxiety. he Wichita Reserve is within the range of the cattle-tick which produces Texas fever, and inasmuch as cattle have previously been grazing over the whole area of the Wichita Game Reserve, it is necessary that special care shall be taken to eliminate the presence of that pest from the range. Mr. Rush and Mr. Mattoon have made a careful study of the situation, and have determined upon a plan which certainly promises to be successful. In the 67 first place, the whole area of the Bison corrals has been burned over. In addition to this, all the animals were sprayed with crude petroleum before they were taken from their crates. It is the intention of the managers of the herd to spray the animals annually, in case it should prove necessary. A close watch will be maintained for evidences. of the presence of the MIexas) fever tick, and if any are found to have reached any of the Buffaloes, they willbe immediately destroyed by the spraying operation. It is also intended, as a further precaution, to burn over about 200 acres of the bison range adjoining the corrals, and surround it by a temporary fence, in order that the herd may be kept entirely under control and close observation during the period that it will be in danger of coming in contact with the fever tick. The Zoological Society has every confidence in the judgment of Mr. Rush and Mr. Mattoon, and believe that the intelligent efforts which they are now putting forth for the maintenance of the herd will be crowned with complete success. Since the arrival of the herd in its new home, two calves have been born, one male and one female, both of which are vigorous specimens and seem likely to survive. We confidently look forward to the increase of the Wichita national herd at a rapid rate, and there is every reason to believe that within a very few years a herd of more than one hundred animals will be the result. It is expected and hoped that American elk, prong-horned antelope and mule deer will be liberated in the bison range, and that they will there thrive and multiply along with their natural neighbors, the Bison. There is now a small herd of wild white-tailed deer inhabiting the rough mountain tops and timber of the bison range, and now that they are fully protected, they should increase to satis- factory numbers. This completes the history of the founding of the Wichita national Bison herd up to the present date. We especially commend to the attention of the public the fact that the national Government quickly responded to the invitation of private individuals,—or to speak more 68 correctly, of a scientific corporation,—to join it in this effort for the perpetual preservation of the American Bison species. It is highly desirable that all friends of the American Bison should show a practical interest in this work by taking an active part in it and helping to share the initial burden. It is reasonably safe to assume that Congress can be persuaded to establish other national herds of Bison in other portions of the United States, provided other individuals, or scientific bodies, will take the initiative in the same manner that was so successfully taken by the New York Zoological Society. 69 YALHONVIS NOSI@ DIG LSVI S.WANMVN-GNOOd AXIHD AO SNIVNAY GaSOdans sony Sot ey aaa ao” ) ee See M a Te m4 Per ia vi tng NS aE: ‘ Th MS ici facerretoe? . : : _ — eee CENSUS OF LIVING AMERICAN BISON ON, JANUARY ist, 1908. COMPILED BY WILLIAM T. HORNADAY. YOUNG | TOTAL ON OWNER AND LOCATION MALES FEMALES BORN 1907|JAN. 1, 1908 UNITED STATES | ARIZONA: Grand Canyon Game Preserve—C. J. Jones 12 2 1 14 ARKANSAS: Wiener—Albert Huber...........0.-0s00e 1 1 0 2 CALIFORNIA: San Francisco—Golden Gate Park ........ 11 7 2 18 COLORADO: 1D eral err Cin |e Wel a canoes eran Re eee ieee ee VonkersveNe ye BRD GEA s) © SSR Ele arene ear eae E. Providence Centre, R. I. IBIRULDYGIMVAIN GS TSUDA ise ope aooaoousocudedeedaccs edu Brooklyn, N. Y. IBUEXOWONRGS OBEN ENEINI ROGERS oo on oe abinnernomo ned oinolnies 6 God oe Boston, Mass. IBS EA ONAN iol Dery ENS ea ata aa ie Se ean Cee ee no ee en New York City BRO IVVANTG M1 Oa EER tts a scene alec eer Ue neds Nase wena aero oe Worcester, Mass. HTS UW GiTPAIN GAIN A Jn A ones ioc sraiet ater Een Bal Washington, D. C. BULGER YeiOSHP EO Re eS Bele ieee cise comets aces emer eaas New York City BWIVER OS 50 tee El Gaver aye cre sek cite ois arene eo ce ceaencteer epee New York City BURERIGE GEORGE Wits. seein. cee eee ree New York City EOIRIN ETAT ai TIN ALS sorte tes [Se eee e yoke acorn ie ore take Boston, Mass. BURTON GARIN Gaga eis ork hers, weir Sanat saouceeNer en eueteye s taret ce Deephaven, Minn. CABO Pi CHAR IE Si. 70088: yg cee eek pe eaten te aot Pee Boston, Mass. GANB ORR SR VWVisais tect Racetectcis Sflus ace acts eye Rare Nie ROTOR ESTs gere ae Boston, Mass. CAESAR JEIEINIRY: pAs ss. ceramics: soccer tee eacenectc ees caper aces eee New York City CAMMANIN, K-AIREVA RENE To's 2 aad eoctls oneeamrite te sare New York City GAIRIED Ye ARG THUR Ae BOR ae 0 RV eR area es Waltham, Mass. GARIN GRE San eIVIOIRIRATS tee sie oy ie ates oe aie a aI New York City CAVES EE DIW.AIR Die isaNieitlan cs Ghar Case oat ay ee oar New York City (C]EVAIMEEOILIEIKOING JAINIDIR Die caucabdcoodloosoteoscocgedacuod New York City (CIBWAINILISIR, IONSUNE JNIRUMISVIEIRYOUNIG 5 conéscucoccosecusedsac0cE Cobham, Va. CEPAIS EG Wis TED a crad Sie Sues Wed ec snares erect eee te nee een Leominster, Mass. CEHIAUWINGEY. \ CHA RISES occa cise meer errr Philadelphia, Pa. CIGAR Ke SVS Sia cate tieatecas eye LU RE eR SS eS Philadelphia, Pa. CIVEIMIRINGD: TE AZINE aN fone. Soto eur ee ener pha eee eee ea Ae Boston, Mass. COATES A WAIE THAI VDeIMiGY lsat ie echo: teers tpni ei petee eee Philadelphia, Pa. (GO TBUESTIN GG WGA TS OS ica des erc been Late ae eR CTE Perea New York City COLLINS: HBA TT. MIR ae tkre hence teen td tenet evar ee one gate Pittsburg, Pa. CONVERSE; JO PINE A 2a eee eons a eee eee Philadelphia, Pa. CO OTD GAR OUD Yin is Vers where cs ana cies obn lpn of Sees aantorti at che Boston, Mass. (CROK CUTE Ga hd eee ae et Pe ie ite Ac rh RON Boston, Mass. GCOS © HEN ENVANTAUN Rae antes ie ats ates @ seme Seine Philadelphia, Pa. CREAN HSRC TS RSD tayancre Persie SS Se era cities + een oleate Stamford, Conn. GRO SBN VOATOINS EUIE TEES arn wa ent enn ones Sek a ae oes Rhinebeck, N. Y. TD VANIEHIRLOUINGSS (C1 Lei Ara al wt Sos ea A rs 0c ernie nes ee ek Boston, Mass. TD VAIN UI EFI LAS). oS] ER, «ELL ae i atch aia ene a ey RR ae Ear Cy Worcester, Mass. DAR VATS Mae DIVER led tected sok aati che, oR ara Stee eee Worcester, Mass. TD VANAWAES): - TM BS sl ceo © peer = oo ERR te th em a SA yon Philadelphia, Pa. 1D IES GN GR Bale FE eon At epee iter, eat eae ys ote mel yee New York City DIRE WADI O@ GE RAI DIEINM edeeni. ote ccos ao. sae n mice New York City DAWA ae URIAINI CLSE soe tok eee oboe mone Rise Meee Worcester, Mass. IDNA GUC EXO) RGA Dee es ab eR ain ER BNR TE Worcester, Mass. TTT ere SO RU SP oy, user aasieecy. where ccd dimes sets Sinan New York City TDR NES) Esa ee Ea 5 SS eee irae PR Oe EO Env ge Fe New York City IDIOM IOUNE, EUAINILIP IE ODIN | Sees etn eo aioe enn etree ene e ain Philadelphia, Pa. DOOLY, JIQUEUN| Aaa 8 aclenoeaey ain opp ee ie Sere a a Salt Lake City, Utah IDIOM OUN (A SWAVA Ei WANN el Cea tee rene Focion deocae New York City 1B) OAT ETE TaT sR Ved TET Tie os hosts oc, szaestieni nt cicnaes aut eet oh cake colt ohare New York City TON GIB Boel Bb cron iy Lapa Ase lee per Se OR RNS Se 72 Lawrence, Kansas EvAwt @ NSEC RCAUN GSE Gy 8 cat nee dee ec aera a tedae nero Lee St. Louis, Mo. EVAWIY @ IN ERO NNTAUREID aiartes cts nee spat oa eas ee hee Wolf, Wyoming TESTE) WAMU) Septlelnce Aste ate eh coe: axe,ciotoscrce gis ce ue SOS aie cee Albany, N. Y. EBROD; Prof. MORTON 1 ear eal Sette Crete bet teem Bo denen ae) Missoula, Mont. ESIVIREHRES @IN Bea GA aii Te AGING ES WV ieee cate en ee nee Boston, Mass. EE SMPAIB RO) OIKe EAC cries he cherie ie etecr cama tape tece ses taue Ranaeee oe ere Boston, Mass. ESOS AIRES oa Ae ee a oye see teas claqwte e mesw Oe ahi, Aone aoe Boston, Mass. DAVEAUINES Se VV LEN Gil sols © Re ores oe ntact ve eens A ayeese, SEN Everett, Mass. JEG W/E PRUE ADA oD beh (OLe ia bce Serre al eater a nie oe EA Na oes Worcester, Mass. TERN NZS, NNCANS EDX QS Oe eich Coe ee eRe eee nee ee te EL Southboro, Mass. TENSE LIER Re Ula zil Grea aha ny EAS tc a eS ean Ea Merit oie Chicago, Ill. IIL AGA BISUAM LID} ID IE SIM GING D lege pee peeeet hee Sinetron. noice Cob Boston, Mass. IELO RUBIES ANID IE CAIN DIIELRG Saeco au mawomits bicdemB Go cnc od-oo' Milton, Mass. IPI PRUZIBIMUANIN MINS JEVAINI KOM Bc l Domes pected coe Gocco ensue Od Boston, Mass. IR RUEINGIS li tle! oe o ee SO Pa eae meee ea Davenport, Iowa GINGIE IDES ARKO UME RG Be cee ene ete meron Gree Parken maniac Worcester, Mass. (GUAGA, Pe Lees Ie a a i uN es A SE ee eR eee re Worcester, Mass. AGZURIDIONIE IR. Dye, IDID MWR DN Cine teceideernne seoigio ourduds abe Boston, Mass. GAATRURUIMIES @INBe Miho Sse aeyta cine Mates uae eto Soe ane New York City (GID) Gara RAND aren aie Pepe Stok ce a a Reed tee ren eae ee Chicago, Ill. GEER, PAINS UAE: ae on Pe ol? ya PRR ee New York City GARTER Yeo NANI Ra era es Mea ee ee lee mee eee Ps New York City GHIBISOINGEMiss NEAT RAY SNK rare n oie: s nage st ste ehteninia terete ewer tone Philadelphia, Pa. GOODE DEOWW, INDE IRILORIDINGS souadacuccossnccounae New York City (GIRVAINEI RSNA DIISYOIN | spore Bonen ola conmaies Shida nicmecradc in 36m New York City GRAIN Re S Aue SIVA ny cctie citnenicccte, uaetomees sleet croesn sims Worcester, Mass. Gi @ sal Ke eB Cen eee) oh 3 eons Kate eeeureae ool A Sree Buffalo, N. Y. TUN EA SDAIN GT) Bi) Spee a ae tect a an Irae ea New York City IEVAILIEI SIE Ike NWA DIVA LS ORSSSIEIUIL GS co dignenocmonedae cose ocho Boston, Mass. AUR BES ONE eV VisweANtcee rie cher aie eesaarene, Pensa dis aaraaicbatecataies ena on aes Pittsburg, Pa. IEVAIRINIISISUMBGIZIR IPBIIDILINP Sao copes cada qoeoocddeuoo New York City AVR IETS Ve Mitr Sea O) VGA ID ine eee yarns neyo ttinreee re aasicieven Lewin tees Pittsburg, Pa. IBDARMMEIB NG IW ire DAR OIBILID UI Sightemon dos cob ocdocuuatess & New York City EPAURER IN Gen@ Nie | OURUNE Wits ose tacts ate acer esters carat Worcester, Mass. JALAN RKON ABLE» IDI ID VAN VAUD ine eidee emeee = ioc eo co eoaine Worcester, Mass. FWA VATE EDVs Mite Se te hi Serene) ee tae Bed sag baenn kat Clee ole ai Buffalo, N. Y. ASTRO OS Fa RADIAN CH Seated ral eo ee oes) Y eR ea hin aia Oe en Ta New York City TET ERIN RUN Zoo Id Sica SA eee ean aS, 2S Ae Pi Toe oi Cosa aS Lincoln, N. H. fF NTES UAV || © TNs. Be ieee Seg ee Se Spelt ee gee a nie Providence, R. I. TRIB IN/SIBE-ANIA, BS E/N I GD Cin Aare nin raters chico eee aeicacte Greenville, Miss. TEEN PASS C15 Ie Ux aC EASY EDR RS eden a us Ba Not chine (aie LP Rragan Se ay Maer New York City EME FS PE NIGH ROR 5 aati sare en tere: seine Go RCS eaecroene ae Boston, Mass. HODEE SP rot GlLl Rn ONeiie erate sate steer daar Worcester, Mass. IFKOYOUPIBIR,, -1etroi, TERUAINIILION, Wi Sop ocloneoseceéoncocuceus Brooklyn, N. Y. EO RIND AY. sD eee VAD WAUVE cal tyra bu sjat treats ats, oria ayn eee New York City EL@WG Elan @©INee © lee VAN AD OS Sera eee bere rece ie een Boston, Mass. EPUB BARD) Ele e@ Wikre eerie tcenens are trance . 1G: JAVA KG Rae, Be nee te et eT rat aie eR ARES a RCo! Concord, Mass. [even I IRNEH Re OUN). © Gaull del OX Gd i dens dakse a aioe ae eerrbe iors aoe ceels Philadelphia, Pa. 1B. ADC GNI SANA Gera Vee Ae > otra ne ty MER ee RLY Bold BA ee aes Boston, Mass. IPLAC (Connnvamennvelere IROIBIEIROID 1Ee2 sa nenccsascoccscouc Washington, D. C. 1 gent (LAL Se ot 8 VSIA EI NS I eee tae a ee a Sin ea a Fort Pierre, South Dakota FE GKGETAIRD GAR Tiss S ectae Malatte tine) a artiste! hao ante Leg ad New York. City PER Cea Eira Ni CIA ee ea ere NG ion WR Rr New York City 1 UN GST O Gn Ga Mat Et ©) 2a B Pere whe WON aL Ne Mane NE Rye Me Rtas uh Washington, D. C. aE) AAC es CONG AUN) It, Raa, erste acy tes, oe VEN spit ns A tenia ehiey sata 9. 1 UR Boston, Mass. RO RSEER.. Dre GE ARTE DS Aen ac ats, Ss Cee eae aint oe a re, Boston, Mass. PIR G@\CMNOMRG wl Aloralscdeel SDV Deere trae es eee che ow oN Proctor, Vt. EOE IS eRe PEO oe geod A seni daa Shae SnAg eee New York City ReARID I VIREO ETO AMIR Nese Vile tt Oates Sb 2h Jets ON ore North Creek, N. Y. RANDOLPH, TET) GARE en oo apes, ac aoc peg ep eee Morristown, N. J. Re) Ole Pitas Whicsr OAININGY 5 Hale ae cs eae ee eee Morristown, Ne RAYMOND, CHARLES ETE See eee Pk one tet Sy eae Oyster Baya lesles Nieave RE VEUN GOIN ERED ERG es ieee yee ae ee New Rochelle, INGE IO SSI BARS lat uae Poe ee fo phe Jet cen eee Sen Is Claremont, N. H. TOG IC ENR Savile LAE akc aS, cata afanie « sehttaet eens ee Chicago, Ill. SAW NOTRE BI Sree encase abate s oe 6 an cee ne Roe ene Salt Lake City, Utah S GEMS ERS N ee Mise bate (MIs ti berg t a tert Sire gn ties glia ea New York City SCOBLE TDP IVIL TAME Be cue Ol ats lee aye eee tee Worcester, Mass. SE TIGERS el viaise Vela ACM oc eS ee ae te sates ein Philadelphia, Pa. SETON, ERNEST TREONERS OIN ae toe toe eesti aon Cos Cob, Conn. SEV MORE DNIUIN Dee reo ie alae wot eee in ho een New York City SHELDON. RSI ATI, ice seins meteorite, et fot ein neetay ie NR Delhi, N. Y. SEER ANS et ton GRORGH IMT. cosi rans ac see elmer Washington, Dae SURES GIN VOIEDNE GRIAWIKIE Ue ai cstsntea eee oe ire Washington, D. C. SIV EIE GEER IW OOD re a0 2a 50 sa gee eae hl on eee Worcester, Mass. SIM OCIMIBL. ERONINIIG 1B os ole seb baler WSs Mrs Berek rer ape aa ts Worcester, Mass. SMITH, IF aA IG Rate g ees tess oi LS seein aT Re ee ee A Oakland, Cal. S MUTATED SS EIEATRS RAYA on seston aictccd Sie peace Sent on pacts Worcester, Mass. SMITH, I. SEGA TTY pret Se Aroha airy vc eae denen ek New York City SMITH, TNS OA SE ek cue oe pe Oey ACS Mn A Worcester, Mass. SMITH, o ETUTRINY © GT Tae Piedeaeyania ae ake Sra re eae ase el AEN oe Philadelphia, Pa. SPAULDING, I@ TIN ayaa Jor cass shee concern tithe cacao ee Boston, Mass. SPAULDING, 1G Thi El Ra La ee ORE Mi RR Seer ga oi RAPE NS Chicago, III. SE AGHE DIEING aa VV aE Te AUP SS oe po 2 htt eee tee client ure Ae Boston, Mass. SE VANS © PNG Iie cnet aoe tte Secreto ee aren ere New York City SANTA TV AEG TE Te STS VCS se eters ce ter sey cog a ye Lakewood, N. J. ST@IN Rite Eee hoe sceptics eae Mls rahe Sas ee aE gt Meee Cleveland, Ohio SOUND BIRIGDIGE, (CBU AMIRIDID Si eles ons 6 Aig osine aba so oh cea New York City SMR IE NERS HD OMG arenes ntha .ninie taeeay heat beyarns nes eae) Meee Norristown, Pa. SGUIRIGIS MiGEEA RIED SS Wire ane aa tces ete he te ee eRe ce Boston, Mass. SUN WB SAINMIES URC MSU BRI ORID ES a dss ceusbeoeculenscooae- New York City STUTEIC IV CANN eee ©)NIVAUS eles 6 2) 5, -arara ee au tere eo Worcester. Mass. SIAVEAMINERIN TS Sal Gag Been sey Se SCR) At cette he oa crm a eee New York City SIVWVEESACTE NTI SS UIE NaI Sal [ieee sts ther 5 ate non Bye are RS 9 ba oe Washington, D. C. SIVAN YAIE © IMEI AVA arenes a ievaics fee cate ok on ayers areal Le ee an ne Sah Worcester, Mass. BAVEOR. LevGommeander Me Mit UnSs Nae. eaeer Boston Navy Yard SIMAWYAIE @ TRACI aascapyay icrseiaran econ alc ore holster eee ie es einransec tons Worcester, Mass. EIBEIPAW SES EIN AIPAGIV STUN cytes. ise atans tic anit vistas eater setae ener ears New York City IRISPAAWE ANIbISS 15 LEN RUE il bse a eipee necro wet clon be ioe ticae New York City AeA apes @ ED AMRUTE Ee Geist ooo ren aes yee ah eens Worcester, Mass. RETO TINK se AN OG WU Sis UISt cc: aarti ce een aes Boston, Mass. INSOMRISI DAE, Dies AOMVINSIBINIDE Wie ooudeascehtocshdonese Boston, Mass. ANOVAS STEIN SOM BISS WAGE Aah ae Ser Bera Bh a eee eat New York City DONO STEN D Te (Gls UNIO Se Coe ass te Aion coe som nko one geno Philadelphia, Pa. TRON WSIUDIEID, IMEIGSS IOWIUSIS, Ac oscncupccousmoetoendbaae New York City ATPASES IWAN, cease clear tok ORES erp Meee ata at Oreuaee sess ew eins ater y oes Boston, Mass. UPEVANM. (GEORGE. Biers oy-echetoe estate ete reroll ere ars saterae Boston, Mass. VAN NORDEN, THEODORE EANGDON. 220-5. a2 s5-c New York City NVZAIN STUN EGRIN aa lile sD TAI rere ei eeicvete sre es ede ecylaeye New York City WARN KG] DINM Dee Dy pan etal Ml aks be oriecic Gis ou yao ee carder eo Boston, Mass. Vi@@ RIE Slit EE ©) ORE eye cer pees castors nave eiere senteleae Philadelphia, Pa. WWeAUIKGTGR: (GEDA INS Gee: race ays erst eetere sieicieile let deponst el aterenes Boston, Mass. WEAIRINIEGR ERA @ TDR seers Pere erm tnchcrocue arenes . Lake Forest, Ill. NAVAIR SS BINS Sy-NIM CULE eh iee diate aonoo Maen ene BO Ome Ont Boston, Mass. WYGNS ISTE UMRIN GS 15a KEAUN VALID) 8 9% ce oso.c0le cad beemoadens e066 Worcester, Mass. NSAI SIV VWVE EScteeS i ot Meaet Serie ue, se tae, deg Weitere ts sto eaters Pittsburg, Pa. Witt: SAGER OR GE Wisk scismcrder tracts foie rinaentmae tetera: Southbridge, Mass. Wie RIO ING pe Stale, pcre eee ree aes oe iohapencet ie aa eters Philadelphia, Pa. WBN DIDIDIDIRY, ANGIE CAINIDIDIR 1al 535 oan caecondsooagdenanooce Bryn Mawr, Pa. AVA Ee IN WTC TS VAI Be eee ect tye) asec star shal a ou suote tote ons! =a Philadelphia, Pa. DV AE eae aA INTEC S Coen, Sate pete ye petepae-ce) a mae tt creer exe Renate: cee sueyerenone ye Boston, Mass. VG SOFTEE a (OR ON aN deal gee, oy ners cio EE POA ORG Fvamecen tye New York City VWVSEIIGIUIEN Se At R Ar UI S 37 ere take eectepcis clones yon cusaopcaouate ett Whitinsville, Mass. GER IAINFINGHIVUASR SIP.OINS cto terolerok eete ere oie eos sass shes setae rer Whitinsville, Mass. VEE TSI ALeLEIN Gry) PDL NGAUS & sutras ccesce irckecs ol scuabeate echo anc tees Lowell, Mass. AVVO TTT SANT TE ANT Io ea oe tas et ie eye ote nT oN yar ayege ramet Pac aa sa Worcester, Mass. VVAIIE THAIN GIG ARAR S8 kG oi cteee Ss oteone tae ska c tooarots ales Vaated eee New York City AWA (SPARE Rel all DING Pee levees Gig cia ocd Ot oR are camo ces a5 Seo Worcester, Mass. AYA OX GB © Ean] Be a aemrnist A teecsesty cite PMR ue, casio Cn ec ic- iia ae ec Worcester, Mass. WA @ OID tS TOA Rabb | hactsiarsenteancerecers theta s ahh enact ne eee Philadelphia, Pa. WO OID rela SE an ea Sate atone ave hes eae eel ea Worcester, Mass. WRIGHT, WILLIAM REDWOOD si ..2 33-0428 oe hiladelpiiayyba: NOU SIN Ea © 05 Bil Bl Gets eee ee rite atari a eeereh ot tia am beads turns New York City ZANTE ER ACNUNT, as EAS ING Ve creo oc stam tolcitensns typ isnaincne ay: Philadelphia, Pa. *Deceased. 86 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS. PUBS © lee CIE TIN GAG INR Gateway a teen et ten Seis ai ge New York City YN BSI BX OAR TR sc Gig ok ane rs opin en Seabee Veet a Rana Aer hcg ties ae ol eee ll Boston, Mass. AHRENS, MrsaiGhORGESCAD Ol BE tema cree tele citer Baltimore, Md. Pal © Fens EOS GN Reg tere roach Rae eRe Gro as ote ee a oe Portsmouth, N. H. ALLEN, PERU Ca SR a oes ee er NNT eee ork Boston, Mass. PARI @ IR VAAN AINE WI Retey preces Aaemrcn toe halite, Sony toe Pa ne Ree 2 Boston, Mass. ZAINIDIRIENW Sy, (Geineirall | (GIDOURIGID, Ino neecccde coduecasan our Washington, D. C. PAIRIN ES HEROIN Gale. ©) or ere coins eat it lag Re pet aE a eee Montreal, Canada TEAL Gila IN| AS Lae tel a Lapeer mil SRM EMA ZeS One get a wel Stoneham, Mass. AS ENTE VVALIN Lae Eta ee en eee fee ete eth tw aire ae ates eae Aen Boston, Mass. vAuiele S SV VIG IS AUNI SI aie s s scales etek ene eden a Seen Boston, Mass BANKS, TACSSAES IIE EE GIKUH, Riso errar nen ein aetna ops eo I ee Albany, N. Y. AIS ee Mince Bias ae coven eat susie hoy ee he eae Westport, Conn. BARNARD, GEOR GED ee ret ae ee eR ee en St. Louis, Mo. TS URINE A RUD) ee tree einer enka pene teh at earn ree te ae Washington, D. C. BiAINAMG Ee Mss. DAWN ase ss ots ic oe. ucts aac Baltimore, Md. BARE Ee BD WARD Bor tc! tree te tee ho eee Portsmouth, N. H. LEON Red Ld 0 [pn ail Reece Oe Be ie Bone: Rais NN Sale AO G7 Woodsville, N. H. AMS AB VIN Geni) Tes td se WV esha se See ee ree rah en te ae eae Middleburg, Va. TEVA NAINGI EB Sy. dN] ities eee ctiara Neato aot eat R readin ihe Meriden, N. H. a ol) as pee De R/O © Ee ee ae Nn we bi RA SR ERO Oakland, Cal. BERD SAVE r A CIGUISIA Beat antigo tne ronan 2m kane Glen Cove, L. I. IBS fois Gel Saeed bg AN WEES 9 Bhagat eetr ee we pe RRO E OP eh eb IOI eR pect Jobstown, N. J. Beeline} OED Sito Ste ors Me cee Poe ee eet oe ee Washington, D. C. IB STBES Se ETURGINGIR Vers TE Maes 2 eect el eee oo), ets Meet BROT cli New York City 1BXOVAMRUD MUA. “ASVANIMMIUIEBIE. IMIG Go plo Glos bebo maces ucabhnbs + Hyde Park, Mass. BOGE S eb) WAIN OR IVES Sans eas ae yet ae cornea se Pee Oakland, Cal. (BOTAN e Nings sORUNS Ions vee ties hte or eee ae a ee St. Louis, Mo. OMIA SSN CIOS e Dy eee Oe cern SANS MPLS Sel uu gr Fast Orange, N. J. BONDE AS Sew RO PH Ra s,s tesischs me nee Nee ae New York City BOORMAN ROBERT» By istu cis a¢ gerne amet coe nate ene New York City BOWLEN, Vasari 0.0% < CY eee Smeeene Hi Pa teiee aie Cincinnati, O. BOYD, | SWAN Cale hd Wig) eee eae mnt artes Maly Ae 2! Mansfield, Mass. BOYLSTON, IOS TRE SER aye en ay re ree Portsmouth, N. H. RUACY eile © INA GRE TI NURS Yin ene ae ects he PORN Gy Bee Santa Rosa, Cal. BIE CREME @ INGA S Ate nee ais ciel atna mete eee IRC ohne Rae Maynard, Mass. RUE SER RACING SCs a share eeeencesray Seca etep oats See nan cree Boston, Mass. IBUSCIE NASAL EDISON IU EUAN Votre ouichttnoe sieeeon Seem en bead a 6 Cambridge, Mass. BROKAWE GEORG Herta Moise eet a ae ee New York City BIR © OOS Ai EIERINIRIV ES ters Cina Acre see I Te Concord, Mass. BROWN MDOICKS ONG OFS ss 25 seer cers ae eee es eae New York City IBIRCONWISIRG (CIEVAIRILIESS) IDIE, IBVAIRILs wba cesedboccauacasobcoe New York City JBROCANIN IE 1 DNR DAS inane ss once ocaeeeot oes Ube Cambridge, Mass. IBIR VeAUN MI © IEE Sein okie es cr weiter ate atest elk tcl en ages Boston, Mass. LB RRAYC/AUIN ED SO GAVEL EIN ts a eRe ie Re OER Ore Set i in Bs Cohassett, Mass. TBS GING ED BUM Grad Ble, Mea aia ipa per Rae INE We ey oN de go ONG Melrose, Mass. IS WADID AG ILISNN GUS Iie eco sed teehee aoa Bre cca iere es mee East Orange, N. J. TBO EJ EVAN RSID eal Re ol Be ROR Ey Sager Beh rie ets ome Ae SON eet Os eT Boston, Mass. BWI Ee aMicse i) OSI EI GAs seats sae sate, ae nate ees Lynn, Mass. TBAB ATEN] Bees on rls VARS CA ETS rts oes Rueae, ee SHE ee Miami orb Rn Ce salle fe New York City BOA GAD ECS. Ola) Fahray Js nade Stel eit toner ai nan NT ae Wilmington, Del. GATETE INSIDER OVE RSs och eat anion Aa arte eras, ae eae Providence, R. I. GEARING EIS AN TRA MRO eo ne) cos A DY CL dh a iil eee Cambridge, Mass. CSIP. Rea fel Bel Be Soro Ka coal sande eras ee eee re eo Pee eae | Lowell, Mass. CAVE Dara Reena Sie Heaney Seen sen seas esta arts Sake a 3 ae Washington, D. C. AGRO ANSE De? IL AN Se coves leit cieravn¥E Sete Sale aapeaen emtveie ters Lowell, Mass. GARIRMMR Ab TShites. hae sh one Ce cee Ears Galele, oS omuckeniete Middletown, Conn. GARRIOTT PSA c ey Cs cic e eels ey ees See lees tear arenes Endicott City, Md. CARSON. ROBBER De jen ae waste ete ae toa eee we Germantown, Pa. CART MOUNTS G2 os orccte et vcscteccinie settle whisk. ocaaicter ate Lawrence, Mass. GASEIVEING Di sD 8 rae een eno ccrstentis 2 Seon ore cera woe te Painsville, O. CASE Ves EID) WINN ME ooh nee Artery. geet) Mer Mrs aia bina ates New York City (CHAIR E CTINET OUNIEAIS incest eect rE eco is Sane ree erete Buffalo, N. Y. (GIEIPATREVEGIS sa EINIR VCE S Sara yee eateccs oes eke arene oro era Providence, R. I. CERIAPNEAN | JW TEE LAM OO samastt acces cece c.cucee a ahlee eee Salem, Mass. (GIS WANG) D> le tad Garett ty hae Sra. ay ails eros eNO ath ate Amesbury, Mass. CHENEY CELA RICE S sD WEAIRED iets c in cease eset oe netpioe tena Chicago, II. GEES. FS AVRUITIN Ga NWiey se ropeitrs sere nate oe ae ae tenant ree New York City (GUITE@ IN IRS aise toe cea eden ee cases yen caer wet estore Toronto, Canada GEIGER GEE ATR D ET ERE allie. Soe ease a acdetee te elrnctics os etatoecnaven eect arate Philadelphia, Pa. (CISNOME DS. Abii ey ENSSSIEES Sh to. on ceca more a ey alaione o uloe Minneapolis, Minn. Give ARiKe VClARIEIN GRY silane a aesses seats Sei iaeeeriaia et Philadelphia, Pa. ARK RIG SS secet ratte, Steer cc texe apocege ARUN ceuers Mt rcyecctetomeet abe talc Meroe Pittsburg, Pa. CEARKSE DW AR D:. Cite ogee ee cn eee atone East Weymouth, Mass. CLARK, pT SAO. cake Seti hne cael ean tal me eh eg cist ny Mae a New York City (GI NRK Vines: eV ci s,s eeeeee ae un ouctetns ea erale omraan ae etot is Cohassett, Mass. (CIEE GEIORING SB? OS 20 os aie tere eecgtenc rN onayatoater ere eeonervs eatin Boston, Mass. (CTA AS TEAUN ID SOV ABI, cea tone eee sees red esis eee eee ere South Newbury, O. COD ITANG of TAIN ax. coteeciais ste Se aiete teste cena aac be ame ere wore Boston, Mass. (GS @UPBCIRING We acer soe cyoue So ero case a ae Seis antennas Everett, Mass. GODIEINS: EEBNR YORE eaeratiais caterer cael ert eae Philadelphia, Pa. COESTON FT GRORGE MAR ye ey erica te nse mcininrare lalsraeyere none Baltimore, Md. (G@INGEN Sei ie ere in eet noes ea PE ary gn aya meuteie ay eereeeseet Boston, Mass. GONKELING -EIRAINIK SdH oat icin es nea Sore ee een epon eee ene Philadelphia, Pa. GONIRIEING VRIOTEAINTD RU ieee taciay are ote ena Mtoe sie parrot New York (COVOUKG TEIEINGIRNZ ) NAVI ROEDIININ n e s ee ag igiot 6a gic wb 6 Minneapolis, Minn. CORIEW Sra Vliis so VIPANR: Gi AMRaE eee ker re ieee cau naVon ties eraatarel een Philadelphia, Pa. CG OIXGIAR AW RE ea aterm Ui IN AE are Saree tans Chicago, Ill. (GEES WAIN WD I Goal Ral by re Oey ORT a UN cmines Basibianct core Worcester, Mass. CROSBY, Col. JOLIN SCELU VISIR got eet aerate wees aerate New York City GUIRIRSVAR SS Salen rl eee Boon ahr Satan. Rasen acorn ee Boston, Mass. CURTIN, GIEATRIB YS 3 Cae cers Sorte oe oS Oe Chicago, Ill. GUIRALUNE ROI AUN DD Grete os eared iw Sepa aievatetrp ka serene bert Philadelphia, Pa. CURTIS, OA C2ee | I pena etree fos Re RMR EMD ates Groen iret Sia oer Boston, Mass. (GUERIN Tone, cteta ayers Rosie ats cae heya es ohererare eee a Washington, D. C. ID ASN EOIE S 2 SRU CIGARS a ET Sins Fo so erect ater ear section ace anata Boston, Mass. TAURI TEN Ger eV Sos fs seuas revo ote ao le ghee eT rsa rele ortho East Hartford, Conn. ]DVAAWA BINS XO) SEI Rel DY ig Goad Bitnats a tRegid eaerae eeois ore Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. IDV ANVABLIN A 2X GIRS oN OCA IWAUN eek mere e eeeies ann aero OS daha Boston, Mass. TD TANVATES S SIV S INIA AG ech Etna he MS ea eee erator a eieae tia iat Oxford, Mass. DAWAS ELAR OLD Hk... 2 ckg shes sexasseperancte es cioeraoupe eames Southford, Conn. DEGABARRE. FRANK VALE. [5 F.Ccer nace Guu came eeeteate ease Boston, Mass. DEE AHP D uiORUN UROSSSas ake or eee New York City DBRB YA Me UIC TUS PeAC ie eres ac cat S Ge nth ea nn cee enrtae Lowell, Mass. STE) TONE) GAL, IVs oe Ste Ss cw era gue ni eee ae ea ae Peekamose, N. Y. TTT @ GS SUE TEAUINGS ais ctyceceetonstateraie hoee eieseroecte he I WP are Peekamose, N. Y. IDORRAN CEs (SAME, IVI Neier kero ene een Providence, R. I. IDREVGER. 2 )' © TRNAS Ji, cere toto eck sine Sas a Cae eee Riverside, IIl. DUNSMO OR: EM MORR sor teaties oe hiccc ere tee Minneapolis, Minn. DWSPO NE iNliss VATE Bae Saree a ae et errricrereetirstate Te ee Del. DS WURAREE . Wisse TAS a GS 9 ene a er does Wickford, R. I. BA MIRS s, EDIWIAIRID MACS ae Se: ce one eon eee ee Buffalo, N. Y. ED NI@INID STORING Wise eye een ete eer oe eet New York City MSG @ Aiea Miksa Tis Nae ee eee wat cree een eee oe Newton Highlands, Mass. EOTAIED Ss Ra IN cates Bavlntrage ve ccceabe cgay stereo erence eee ae eae New York City ESE Osea) SEO WEAIR DD: ce, 2 see Seat eee Se en ee St. Paul, Minn EMER'S ONS HHS ya raenr te nee ciate Ieee ee Stoneham, Mass ENGNG COLOURS. & Wc (aes eal rt eee er ae Philadelphia, Pa. JEWANINGSY s Cla LANREIGIERS) ON er aeeaioniod o eects. cliseineaca ote c cinette Wilmington, N. C. TEVA RWI Nee KO VSUNIEA Wien lliceee cioctdrnicicice cm» claceicioi Forest Lake, Ill. PACINO TS INI SHACY aires arta vacie crsis sees igs Spey Haars Sie Lenox. Mass. TEENIE IBID ANDES Dlg Oreos a pins ie eae a Miers ipa ete Philadelphia, Pa. TEM EDN GING EC O7NU RE Dal 4 OBI eI DEP eh ees eae attains can TCAs ca ope Boston, Mass. I UEGE: Ge S ING WW eaten 2 aon ny sr oma meay = feem ore) tedanal apna atar a ey Dateie Cambridge, Mass. TEEEIRUNGARTE ID Ny TS) ts CAS i a ce te scope eter otters ase ekoue: ster eee ae code Boston, Mass. TRIER S MDW A oD RCID A WUAIR RUIN oo plec chodaccoodauuoto ca New York City TENDER NG Ma@ is UNE sca tence ee on a cette aaa ceo bia ae Ge ethct New York City TELA EIN Ee el SCam seo eae Satta KUN aR! anata tala a.0, Ara ola OE Swampscott, Mass. IOS Sy GIRVAN AUT oes pan alec ste pains Gita ete North Andover, Mass. A@) Sake RV AAT TAU i EOIN Vesa seer meee eye cones Philadelphia, Pa. TRO\WILIBIR, IM bie SILENGI DIS (ERUNSSIBE coco cack saaconc Washington, D. C. IRIAN Dire ANON ARIE Rel | aieen 6 abo yeitas: colo apm drorsonn Philadelphia, Pa. NRIEINICISL, IMbeG WN DIVA NailehiDaly sagas waco a bam6on 5+ Pittsburg, Pa. IRIRGYIPEBUUNGISVAIME, VJOISUNS “Woes ees cecpopossacucsddpock New York City (GAIDILWITUN ES VAIL RP EHOLGISIN Dep eomecccdbsboo con >onodoe New York City GARDINER] © SPIE GAG inicio a cise Seoicne ae tacts West Somerville, Mass. GARRARD SGEORGE: WiOOD a asceeceecaeee eee cee Frontenac, Minn. GAR ARE eas af © IEUIN Gs s Wisin te et etaea in dee ates Ser eee ee oe Baltimore, Md. GOAN SID VANAVCIN DYING) Bear Ny aL eee ee ee aioe tere SiE ici ole Glen Cove, L. L, N. Y. (GADIEXOUIL ID) mel Ed ron egy | CO) EN ial el Cae ae eerie Ge SouNaiai ota Hanover, N. H. (CA EAEALE ISIN De HD AYVGIIN pail ieee ie neon mR RTS ER An OT ans Courses 2 Chicago, Ill. (GTM IE TS See AUG Fie eis Sisters cotta coer ee iene eee ero nie ee Biuttalowe Neve (ETI TGANIN eA eS TONS eh tes hed ve hbteets tacos eek Sean Re eeeee Washington, D. C. (EOD IB NEY IS NIRS RORY A See RRC San EMR res STAR Ba 3 Philadelphia, Pa. GOODIN VAIN Esa VWEAMIC AES Rigi ites so Shes -crc.ae a cteyeae reece tone Hartford, Conn. (GOR CARES eG arse hte hore sccronetots oe CERRO ne eee St. Louis, Mo. GOOEY As Geer ye he rae steve tiara sees 3 Salata cuenta Serio ene Satltas Barbara. Cale GCOWED FIR ORE RAED 6 oer c ss 5 ens pore rane Fitchburg, Mass. GRAN MERE yD RIC Yo Same. cae tity otl sok heain wat pte ee ees New York City (CREAN Ys ap Ae BIRD eZ scenic, Merits aint Sateen? Sienna epee New York City CRA ees ROIEAIN Dx: ates Ronee teens are niger ciate etc Boston, Mass. GRIAWIS O Nee CEPAIRIGES VE ie in ordered secon ee one came: Philadelphia, Pa. GREENE UIRARTS ae ait eso os icin sake ots SRO ae aie Cottonwood, Idaho. (GR aTeray Til FeO VV AG RIRRY INI Gress = Bus, Goccnmucne ate sereaeete pera ree Philadelphia, Pa. GIROOIMMS SEM i Gane Cane Coen tee Ria A Ano Gk he Warrenstown, Va. GULED eA oni MGURADTS Ss Jee sscih weer e oe ne rete ope Boston, Mass. (GLIDER Ss MEAP CAI Deen darian de chara Ale Uc orci ploraaychb ANtlanticu Gitar Name ISTE AG ES NEY RA ART ENG) Ra Eedisy. 2, Costelale ean a eae ch tege ie Si eae ae New York City EVAG NERS (Ab BE oxcCA NID Ro IB eames oem ite acter rr Washington, D. C. TEVA EI LSID NI 2120s Ai Gok ea Rae nie IR iaeS SIA eimai oe Schnectady, N. Y. ETACNENEACHI© RU Sa Wi sere Ores pero ne cot anor Meher Portsmouth, N. H. IEUARUBIS ON A RVAUE PETS eaWoke ary cts orcs See eae eeisita cen aer Pittsburg, Pa. TENTS BX ODLWI Gal ol Cal ARR anna at a en a alpen dats Eo ae Ne Rav, 2 Sewickley, Pa. ISTANRUD INE WONT ANA pel Cds bs Deiat iane s Corina mre bers amuieo Aba New York City ETEAW RAT ete Tel EO NG EROV Er VO tc sre! tm Sec) cote RT aON ree a URI Pec ee Boston, Mass. TRIAGE a NNN” Alas OM WANS toh an aarti eee dine Solbctc dco New Bedford, Mass. TGA EE ld BUI RG/AUIN GLUES aga ses so rg en eeiemar dn ci OPan clo an che Oleic SG Redlands, Cal. EU GESVIPAIN eiNVTiSsyAee INI Aras coma ne nee oC Soe oe eet Seer Pittsburg, Pa. ISNEINICIIRILS IMB OID S esas ooomoswsonosvcboadadeue New York City TEA Ae te al aN VOU Ey Roe] ie ates ee A ice fran eueuete peep rer teed New York City TBHOLIL,, Ike, IEIOWWUAIRIDS IKISINUNIBID Zp ooccccccotccecod cor Philadelphia, Pa. TBE A LABS yaoi preteen etre Speen erent tt SEN Sanh aie As BicirsA A Baltimore, Md. ISON DIE MOUPIRIRS NW OAIDIDIES OAs Sia uiweingigiaes ac abe Sand Creek, North Dakota EV@D Gis AION IG 3 See ieee Sate oh ante sepa ieee ope ce Philadelphia, Pa. TSO) EY ES Spee © Sa ee RA ei ate Ra aes th orwe tn 8 Newton, Mass. MOON URIS ery Ax Mic Oa ethene outa. Ave ame aa. tag eee St. Louis, Mo. FST @IEKGIENIS RO AB ae. © Tete le Se eee ied hae ea ae ane pen oes Baltimore, Md. FIORIKIN Se WOOL VWiOIRGDE:. He sk... tenet acura Boston, Mass. TE R@UNV iE spol VIMEO TIN Soo Senate tiene ated ote coc eee cece age ray ees Evanston, III. DEQ) Naa say Dacre aera tate soce Senta is ede ads eles eae ana te 6 oe CE Evanston, Ill. EMO WEE DL; SBI IN PAMMIDIN ooh asec oe maec ee fo. tee ctueke Long Hills, N. J. LOWE WRIGHT ARID Lin 8s a yates ae teoniene see « se ceaeie New York City ES ARR) Te MRC IN 2 SIR ROE nes lak erie sti icleeck sia a ies eee Middletown, Conn. JSG ME DIE KIO) SH Dee DY CoN Seals ain ai si laa pica Sia mcom ees Oe - Meadville. Pa. TANUIMURISURINE. Ss IRINCISUAURID) (Con coessedoossocudeooes Uphams Corner, Mass. TEEN ond Gel WLS BS Se ite te Cas el North Charlestown, N. H. SEeALWT NI Nate a ZA re We BIN SID) Seah ey ste caesta saole cv) crcrspass se serra Pasadena, Cal. LENO ee I EAY OG AMIRI), 2s ox ch ea Me Nessa Shots sists @ epee nine te Pasadena, Call EIN esa neo nds AIT 0. Se eet sitter oe otete ele 6.0 esa Rate eames Pasadena, Cal. ESTATE RSD > Esp NAMED At iret SU ape Sy terse ce RN aa) wie Jer ous ne Repra eave he Milton, Mass. PMD EAaaVLARY. (AIDE ADDIE a2 te cctccagengecincle tec sones Baltimore, Md. TEREEAN TD, JOTEINGB Et. sstencters betegonssierte cite ait pisces Cee New York City IRELAND: ROBERT LIVINGSTON oicas. 02... 2+ 65 0see se Cleveland, mW: SIOUEUNTIS@ING Age EO RUNES ij eet ees cst Gell ayoith. ate pane Concord IN] Ee TROHSIN SONG TUB 20S Ree ees oe SoM aoe nuahomnenoe taco od Boston, Mass. JONES WE DWARD DRUSS BIE. risers es sccm sees Fort Washington, Pa. AO RSIDYARN ae MiSs eto el ive ee tee tetatesat- ol Store! < chal ayeils « ei eaera a Brookline, Mass. Airs CUNT SIDS Peer fata epee seat Abtsnerercteiehe wtevoneaanees New York City TEC EFT STEP 2 Rea] Pe OES] Bs 24 Die Deeg een eg eee ae is Pn ec lre St. Louis, Mo. JAE ONS OL EIS Ip 7 eneeeeee ened OA Recaiins omer en ae reer can Pittsburg, Pa SEE OTA Ale 1) A etoile SSS rap ta niehs ake cteteroege ane, ces len ataretate talents San Corlos, Ariz. AGRE NGO ABI NN cooks ots ie rae Gitte Sie saretm eae tt squares Bowdoinham, Me. TERIA Zh TEDDY YANd Sal D ie perseter ieee sinicrtksny cies oreiette a cle Piaie cc eee conc Baltimore, Md. SGT WAU VIS Si MIVAC RIN As Se oie te eraraaoreelnl ous e fosyep Sareea lane Providence, R. I. TREITIN (GEIB LIELING RON SEB ath pone amt heneicic te octaric xd am mmreier a ceciot atts oe Augusta, Ga. STUN Ziti ees le, VE A ARE era Hie eiars ore es sMecuateis me aioe Landsdowne, Pa. Iara la TWEE I) GEES, S Su) pe icrey ces. Si cthoee, haa aussi ares suet = ane Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. WU OMENS (DS ao Pot Sl BL EX © Baur Me ep eee Re aR eR sens AMIE EE ao St. Louis, Mo. IOI Bi GE RED IW, AtIIDs Set oe. tie cages: sal esis deci eer Milwaukee, Wis. TEC Ed Bvel 1s SDS 0 BAB] PGT ay Sol eee a aN Och Ree tn gk St. Louis, Mo. MESAIN TSA EME EIN VN ect cites conyeicre tees conte as: ewe Sue ohatta eae ees ons t Manchester, N.. H. 100, ANA) 23] EW PAE SBD eee ee ae NP Alin, eRe ee re a aks Beverly, Mass. a AGE OI IVS Sembee Gicnctuciocsseateun eh ecdcunletre es sialtsierenanrers Greenwich, Conn. cA BED) G8 EON ONY Ura PVN GS er ei ae ae Rie New York City SRS @) VINES er RSAUN CDS Bis cere ety ete ate lense ebescieac as tee Pittsburg, Pa. ATG ed PRAT ETON Soente nth cane can Se ne ea tea ey ioe Aarne atc ede Pittsburg, Pa. MeN @IGIN Ft AUB oR rade 5 ehh gn cad beatie male fatale ia oyna ais Gh Yoo Boston, Mass. NENG OUGN: VR Robe OR TORE ato cover ar reyes neces orerc ca teaeel Pittsburg, Pa. TEES IO pa VION OINGOE O.> ca ke ceo tie ate caro tas Rees hae ve aeeeeals Paoli Par eM ee Te RED PR 6 25S Scar ads covert ec natOh de «Mee are kee ae Boston, Mass. LONGEELEOW. Mis, PREDERIG MWe scie- <4 osanceee. Riverdale, N. Y. TONGSTRETH: W. MORRIS... «05 och olssshno-. eon ealadelphia, sia) THONG Sale ee PWV DIST LAIN SW iio cpciecds ane, oro re) eiektoa nn sRayeien ered Philadelphia, Pa. (HOIRID, IBIBIITRUANIMES coeipnoce cove scat Ere feaee SURI CET ted Oc Boston, Mass. ORD ANTSSeVEN REY SPY s-8o Soe, a ktic yep eerie cso ee Kennebunkport, Me. LORENG te AT DIEING Ae Ya hoe a seal ee eh cae eed sees Oswego, N. Y. TORING Mite Si1D be oe ei seo cigars Se ec cea ee Eee eae Oma TE @RIGN Ga W et Co sae e net cesvan Ricans eis ister eas Chute tany eect as Boston, Mass. TOWERS Missi @. aRot. seis su st le ie ener ce eta eee eee New York City UIE ANS af pe INR ee cscs kaos aan tone lero aah sescotnies ion Bryn Mawr, Pa. NMcEEELEAND sab ElOMAS ES peter pe rion aortic rica Chicago, Il. MEGIUIER = WIEGTAM: By s.5 sinned tem co crm eel namie Chicago, Ill. McChURE WiAIGBR, IP) oi mee cs «aes een Philadelphia, Pa. IMiGE ORINVAEC KS s EIAIRIRY olsen ot ae Re eer St. Louis, Mo. MGKING, -ARIEEIUIR oo: 5 an 2 sae emer sa eo eee New York City EC TEAIN IEE GUI IRS Ge toca ste er keraa eae mea era New York City Mel ANE. MIAR SEDARIS aces cmek eee state See ecoene New York City WK TODS ON( CID UAUN EDI lakers eacontic coco modedolne dat 5 Las Cruces, N. M. MAG OM BIER GERAINIKS AGE Soa acrascl ney eee cae orete rekoretenets Boston, Mass. VCACINING SB hs oe PES euchcisie) oe recess ese aie hoon Brookline, Mass. IVGANING VAST ERVW, TD) 05 xo ois ms Sete acer oe eect See eae Buftalov Nowy. IV IEADTSTNTDING GS OER AUN CUS vel oth Ae ee en ie eo Boston, Mass. AVIS iS TIN es MAS Si ss WA vet c= testa ce hates Sacto cook taele OD apesc kh Baltimore, Md. IVIPASIN Sika lla) De TO) EGR, Ved rs oor tee ee a tapes o_o ee Lynn, Mass. VAIO RAE Ie © (Se de ey eee, ete. ees ee tae rae Germantown, Pa. VLU ASRIM DIN Paes ER EVE SB Reo. e a 2 thats ap a ae ea Aiivolign Nee MEMRAM Se Sine PERN 3 ire... sa scores ee eee Philadelphia, Pa. TAIVAN RS DILL) El MEU] 220) pete gene eae nd, ee oe Jamaica Plain, Mass. VIPAURITON PRR IVT SS Sean VEEN arcs wren ee cee ap ie nee OS eR Baltimore, Md AS ae EN ee Vit ir VWs AUNT Rey cre tes os i Ne oe Baltimore, Md. INEAGIAIAE IER Sse AUe BiG RS. ea ae lak, oak ear ete mn ert oir Sa Boston, Mass. NE AMELIE NY SOIN) (SswAce ca? ake Bes ce elec SR a eee Hanover, N. H. IMDS/NID) ULI ZAIN DANS Le Ae eens oot a a East Hampton, Conn. VA eV iirc Gob SEOROT. » Ves arycet ct 2S aya ile wae eee cee New York City MEANS; COTES WORTED Pi iiisass: see sates HON ree gs ee Atlanta, Ga. AV IRESSASIN ES ie OID WANEAGIRGTDD TES Str om cece oer to odor gee a eee ee Atlanta, Ga. IMIEV AUN ES IN @ SERGE, INES. bos cre save sc ae ieee art Se Atlanta, Ga. INUEVAIN Ss RIO BES Ril Mies Wits vaste ta sce ee eee eee Atlanta, Ga. IME SAUIN So Velie Te TCA GIVIP ONES 5 iat da Shlsy cine cece a oy ee ee Atlanta, Ga. LV TED ETI S21 Go pS OU le) yup eee ee A ec Ebene U8 Ashville, N. C. NERIEIE DR Nits YVIORIRS oSi.2 cides is =. heoaie wis ta ae ee Forestport, NY. ENV ISTAI STA se eae Lea Tene Oestoet cr hice tia: ee athe Rie Bienes Oe renee ee a eT Dorchester, Mass. MILLER, ME) roe MViivirecires oueeey cate ue a wes oR TE eee Boston, Mass. MILLS, Miser VAVORTH. in tee Morristown, INS Ife MITCHELL, AVA Ses I PEG con eee rehate ate mig hay sae ERO a ea Brookline, Mass. MORRIS, CADE iy a Wh a ee en ee a Providence, R. I. NI@ RRS te MirsSaaWWolSMRE RS So: cea wee eee teen aaa ae eee Overbrook, Pa. NORRIS ONE NVAUICTE TAs Too can acta ere eee Croydon Flat, N. H. IVOIRE ERs IGA eek is, etal a todd a ema tecte dehaee etearaiees Ot e ea Pittsburg, Ras MORSE, ITU AUR SEG Tsp PATS nos eset ie ce Seg teva i GARE Amherst, Mass. MICO SHEL. gi SVAR I EAU SUNS yale cee eae a eA eer lark len Ae OE ISIE oo Lowell, Mass. INI@ RRO INE SVs PASI Jie. 2). tees claret tae ee ee New York City INE@ WET ONAL TIDINGEEY. oho 28 cere ete ha pee ces ee ee eee Stow, Mass. MEER. Ae Adi Ee RINE WAL DEIN 2.2)45. <4 sat phe Washington, D. C. IVIAEGReS a StVIANROY his, Sect ee Ae era eget ee ie Washington, D. C. INGA GEE AC ARIES 202 seven etn eer chic ence Meee eee St. Louis, Mo. INVASIVE SIS OIA)... oS csr br diere ween aiaahe, elec nee Lowell, Mass. IN EES Eo INE AI TEER IN 2: Fo a8) ee NE ee OP te Richmond, Ind. INES SIVEESTES SATS BURR e IS MES aa sic ik at deace Rat ucre e aie - Buffalo, N. Y. INE AWiB OLD OUND sa: .. sanelunie cite sci soa eee ee Norristown, Pa. INJEGWEIROINS SECRVAIN CS 32 aye ache ch cetioias a ons Secioe e aae ee New York City INMIGEIOIES Mirae ASE EIR evs eis epnt ci tete oe naan ana eee one Buffalo, N. Y. INMEEIOMS. Mirs CEPA Ih S) Alek oo Anke Wes eee eee Providence, IR, IL, IN @ TE AUN ees CEIOAUNG GS ole Jin otc ere at eg ea Le ee Chicago, Ill. NORMAN, GERTRUDE CILAIR Rs aap ieee eee Newton, Mass. IN UES ME pe roe sections cl a ays col Shaan tha totaal edge, ek ..Portland, Me. OWWANIEGT ERS yond] Castle betes cae es eee ann See ON OM er OR ne PA CINE A WY oe Seattle, Wash. ORB NEE Wage ACES ho CE ch renter ea ed ile abe ease am Stoneham, Mass. ORR, TIS AOAC eRe eo oar chk. en pate bn ler aE St. Louis, Mo. OSBORN, IWS SIGE Weis Puen tea sae ea ee San Francisco, Cal. TE VENA LIN| Tee] Sel ©) Ba) ab) 2 BA Denies aan eM eA Ge Nee a en OR Boston, Mass. PARK Re GEORGE i Selecteer. oe eee eee Boston, Mass FANN RAICES Re AT TS OS seiah ee scheopeaes cc chats: sent eK ee PROS oa nee Cohassett, Mass. ARR RS Tek @)SIVWABGIE TS, Sy. Anis ites ce ich iesRormgte enemy ey ote Brookline, Mass. PEP sale era ANT ERS R TaN LO) cedetine ee eo. Ach cts Aen, he ee et Philadelphia, Pa. IPAM Dis LIEDIN (Res AUBIN Ih ce step ee reenter ae i Philadelphia, Pa. EA UTIE eS NGRSV GND Sete ONS ert AY ces arene eae ar ay SU mnie Philadelphia, Pa. PAUL, SAMUEL HOLLINGSWORTH.” 02.225. > ae Philadelphia ea TPAION LS NA AIICI EAE AN Bots) Pear wel deine chest oeactticn niots Ma cian 6 Philadelphia, Pa. IPR SOING AE, (GUL ITI IDS. DAs ele We © omise eee ale GRE eNlSHOrOqm Nines PEDERSON, BRE DERICK I Vals stir eens New York City EERIe CANINE Gils © TR Gi Bie Si) soa eae iss Pos ee ee New York City PEQUIGNOT, JEANS BIE ape Fert tae Nanny 1 nS ear ep Ree Philadelphia, Pa. PEROW@ Mrs CHARER Sy POU LAINE Veg. 20 hemetar. «kere Philadelphia, Pa. PBA Sie Aur Nites. LAeterienes ci ioiteetehaus isle coe te aha ca. cee Lake Wilson, Minn. PERS ON) Ee JE VAIN Site eeaeiatins ceeecto oeeeaniomet eer re Pasadena, Cal. PEERS © IN SAN OUNTASS stpycrere wa ters oie cnaseeh tots oo neeiat aoe ae Pawnee, Ill. UE ARATE OIRO GE pe Were yee oe Ren Bens ch ayer creme eceke Philadelphia, Pa. IP EME ES St GA Rel Rema ie dices, oem retaeie arenes ences, SA Roae a eepasue Concord Ne He TET STADC AS TRaT GK PAs Seva sae ic esite shay ebay a reat eeecahe ce uc uraaae West Somerville, Mass. PGP Ree RAUN CES etre tre ones nite ec oma ree Arlington Heights, Mass. PIP Wlins, IRIRWAINICIUISS ong un bao ucaee boone se6- Arlington Heights, Mass. I PACTS ee WAC eToTIN Grol @IN ites Siete: eee cen eee dd es Seg ora Baltimore, Md. TET USIMOM LEE WGN BARI DRUG sietins do ei an soienaencs alas ota New Bedford, Mass. EO ORANGES Se ma aime aclnies tents ae acc eaeeoneieeley Seen Meet eam ae Boston, Mass. POPE, GEORGE A.. Foe PAS ae EA eee Baltimore, Md. BOR AMEMRA IAG tate Shee PAS commen einace serena cee erases Niagara Falls, Nowe IRXOWVIBIRISS IEEKOIMUNS) IBUAIRIRIUS 3 go agaecccooeaqa dadoodde Philadelphia, Pa. EUG Set SE Gi ACN ol taro ie ercet eh scare, cineca casera as Philadelphia, Pa. (GI NWAWN IG ee Sey seen Aer, So ites kita a RMT yaaa Staten eae eat New York City TPO DIN ZAIN Eons ached Coanlen Sat ats ir anata Ree a a eP ct oleue red, Hie te New York City SERS AUIN GIS) Tes eve Dara Gra wll sy nsecmetete ha ceckes Vee Atcos i afatin nia ayoneeenre glee ote ere Boston, Mass. RIGA gk S VANS] hs yall eee is Dent ER Cage Game clae oeido Worcester, Mass. TRU CIRDAIRID IS TRAN Re a Eyl Bd Oa Rae cee ie a lami Once Glo Ellsworth, Nebraska UUCIBUANRUIDSYOIN|, Wilse Is (CILIURIROIRIDS | sande os ce as covcsl NIG Monk Cay RU CISU MOUND IMR Ra Dal eiiaes og aia anaemic icine dicretakea.croiea Brockton, Mass. Tees SHS a BH Sl VA REO Cece ane tae aries lee ie, Flee Rect Sah oie Hyde Park, Mass. RUSE DIEM O Seema) VV EAGT) 's Tl eee terse rstc. fe lcacrsus eit ote ners Sena New York City IRQIRIIRINS. JEU WRUAIDYCILINS EE. 5 go Sau caused ved ouSeun pdor Villa Nova, Pa. RO GEES sD CTD Var Pee eee aeo8 toate. hepecticie Stee ReRetesO heroes aes Boston, Mass. ROPES Say ZAM eT egg er as alae sn ie ee eS Salem, Mass. RG Wi DRea IE ee Ata sere tats eens OSL rein ght w OM ay Oey Sree Manchester, N. H. TRACING EN Tes S PRIN aise AUTEN © ba Ri ter ey onic eee ee Chicago, Ill. RUS SHE Anse BIANROINREE Yes Actee sae eee ietearieee Boston, Mass. RWIS |S lien ir seer IGA ROY pe GA ae oS eho OES fol Yi eens Brockton. Mass. RUINS ERED tee RIO GIRS B cede erat cot pacicean 6 areas needed hei arene Lawrence, Mass. SATE © RUD meV SS Re Ay eee ee atch. cs cnes nie ego Mei gia eee teen stenelte Melrose, Mass. SAINT GAUDENS, 131 © Jit) Be Seeger ae eo bee PAP ns yarn Peat Windsor, Vt. ST. JOHN, NWSI PAUNIRIET Shree 450: Seta Oe ae Hartford, Conn. SAUNT RS ik GEAUGA Gs Won, e te aaa steer een ae eae Boston, Mass. SSG SINGS SIO EH ZZ Sis aT Sate cae OE eo alee tN Baltimore, Md. iS GAINTE@ Nv SIP Amie as Cree iarccotaae sincere ibe ees ve ee ee oN St. Louis, Mo. S GEN Tepe EGRVA ING CA Ciao es ante yee niu Sen eo a ee eta site one Calumet, Mich. S CE WeeZ as ME era ea ices cos appa kt mace aera South Manchester, Conn. S(CIBUUNADIBIR:, IRE. IEINVAUNIG SIMONE IRONWABs bc S5.646 Ben os5c Scarsdale, N. Y. S COMas ss Si WiAiRale: eter h atrorcmeciece ni eke cadet Reet eee Mane eae New York City S Ce Nears eit bereits Co gems Re eer Pittsburg, Pa. STRIDE EH [BIE D5 7a Nd bal 8b) 812 D 1D eect caeonoeace siciols siereebiees.c)o oe Springfield, Mass. SEGRE RAR SM SomE NINE Ve Beet on cir seperate tener ieee Brookline, Mass. SEMONDS VGBORGE EO se sscok cece een ae North Andover, Mass. STEAA SIVAN te Te PAE Seo sre ere ete et oi eaee t cc main ue Ps Ee Boston, Mass. SMITH, BATE Biss AWN me ent tee en Providence, R. I. SVS EIS) aCe Waren tan sees eee Recor era ete Merete at coh New York City SMA ER ESB WEAtR DD) lene. sia’ saath as debtors ee tievtrs ra sea eon Worcester, Mass. SATIRE Minis cle a ee ane acter Ne win eee are BIER aceon oe Philadelphia, nae SOMES Ea eK OMOUD SES Weert actnn eee nccer 4s Ba M a oRer a Aas pita aee ee St. Louis, Mo. SUMBUIRIGE NWN BARE IRe a CAN ONE Ia dite Sou aslo Gao bhsian Gye cob Philadelphia, Pa. SMITH, Date WE EEA y We © RSD ccs Panes es eee ces ee ee Boston, Mass. S OU PEER: Fe]. @ Nea yaercceus sete any ate ee eet eee ee et Arlington, Mass. SOWA ERE Res Mins! oi OUN niet: t= ene te eee eer Oyen Arlington, Mass. SPAR EIBIE Ss Ca Srinath eee BERR tetas eee nl ete sets Worcester, Mass. SIPRIA\G TEST Si AUA Gest Bs eset east an ae ae SP Wellesley Hills, Mass. SPAR BIRD IRTWIBIG Ray. eau tke skaters tana ge eee Buffalo, N. Y. STEARNS win ie cae ett Rane mae aa ee eee Westwood, Mass SME EB Hat Mites is. Al Gre Relies oa ayer aca) teed ee tn Baltimore, Md SE RUNS. CEUAR EG li nrmcease tn siee eels = sane oe a ea Brookline, Mass. STICKNEY, ROBERT ADAMS. «2 os 52i2 72.6 gehlned=@)o\ valcns Philadelphia, Pa. WASTE) DID NON iia saan bie nieceoeeipe ine yori a5. 0G Crc St Paul, Minn. WHITE, SE ae ern Me ee eh eee ain cabin hi GCOo Baltimore, Md. NVEEWIGIING SelascmeNe lea caicgiaie © eis cretarcr sae ste reece tussles Parereltels Whitinsville, Mass. WHITTEMORE, F. CHURCHILL pe Sea at te ae aaa St. Louis, Mo. WU CG ENI Gan GUAR IGS fa. tats clare aici eiepiete yeestors sake tae St Louis, Mo. SWAT Mee WIS INR SB O0e cips eve coi aus canen rer abn Foie ts nin n ote teto ton Boston, Mass. WSU IEIMIES. 1s 1D 8 earn pan eond mace orrunm ys aunssbore Glen: Gove, di Nee Ye WLIO CRM SOCOM Is iinep icc clita rachel aioe Pittsburg, Pa. WILMOT, Miss DORA ALDRICH...........---++-+++:- Somerville, Mass. SOT [iS OINTna AG AUNT, ID) race a aps teaepelcra ace leegereteleteyater Ys) 3 Oe eve faictenatel Philadelphia, Pa. MVE | Gaul C1 vaNl fal bl Desial cies ol panei Doss Corio opm ole + New Bedford, Mass WINTERBOTHAM, JOSEPH Ry OLA Pr aan ena eB cette Ola chee Chicago, Ill NUTSIE IOP Cok eis. 2h ate te spiayere aavaincrelni a ela siolelacpstateta Washington, D. C. AAV IRSAIDI Cee GING Iris ht ens ety ee Dini hereon ae ene citoeimeb ccc Germantown, Pa. WO SISO Rew WINS Gr eat enc neercbey toh casos ohome, ser nel See's eel Si caeyermi etter Germantown, Pa. WOLCOTT VOLIV ERG anal uer kum fee annie Readville, Mass. Wi) ODD AEE WA ier ideo ae eestor ah een GED tem Sat eee URC TEN Athol, Mass. WOODS EA RENGEICRANE. Insane. tye ae Edgeworth, Pa. WOODWARD, Prot: MoiMMe yi. ie air Slut n te Vode meee St. Louis, Mo. VMS) 5 < SPONUMUIES SS SAN, Oeeret tei ten be OR oguk Ut COMO NN Cn R Hartford, Conn. 94 roe. AMIE 3 9088 01297