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1

E LEEDS NATURALIST CLUB AND
f SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION.

THE SIXTH Sip Me ted

—R REPORT

"AND.
TS VALEDICTORY ADDRESS, hos

THE LEEDS

IN LY SL G IWLV ILI Ls UL

AND

SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION.
eg OI Sa

1875—1876.

THE SIXTH

ANNUAL REPORT.

AND

PRESIDENTS VALEDICTORY ADDRESS ;

WITH
A BRIEF SKETCH
OF THE SOCIETY’S HISTORY,
ETC.

> 2s+ea_ —_—_

Weeds:
TAYLOR BROS., 9, WADE STREET.
1876.

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Sex ANIMALES

fticers & Council.

ELECTED FEBRUARY 23:80, 1876.

re

Jresident:
SAMUEL JEFFERSON, F.C.S.

Bice Presidents:
JAMES ABBOTT. FREDERICK COATES.
“H. C. CHEETHAM. JOHN GRASSHAM.

Bice Presidents

WHO HAVE SERVED THE CFFICE OF PRESIDENT:

THOMAS HICK, B.A., B.Sc.
HENRY POCKLINGTON, F.R.M.S.

Secretarp:
WM. DENISON ROEBUCK,
9, Sunny Bank Terrace, Leeds.

Greasurer:
WILLIAM E. CLARKE.

Council:
J. IRWIN COATES, F.R.A.S. JAMES MALT.
F. GREENWOOD, M.R.C.S.E. WILLIAM NELSON.
WALTER HENRY HAY. JOHN W. TAYLOR.

Publication Committee:
The PRESIDENT. The SECRETARY.
WILLIAM E. CLARKE. WILLIAM NELSON.
HENRY POCKLINGTON, F.R.M.S.

SKETCH OF THE HISTORY
OF THE SOCIETY

from its FouNDATION in FEBRUARY, 1870.

_—o—

In issuing to the members of the Leeds Naturalists’ Club and
Scientific Association the first printed report it seems advisable to
the Publication Committee to preface it by a brief outline of the
Society’s previous history.

The present organization is really composed of two previously
independent bodies, working separately from each other, one of
them, the older and smaller of the two, without any organization
at all, the other for the first two years of its existence, with a
loose scheme of operations and without any very definite aims
beyond the instruction and entertainment of its members. These
societies finally coalesced in the spring of 1872.

The publication of papers, &c., not having been contemplated,
the communications presented to the societies, whether lectures or
papers, have not asarule been written for more than the instruction
of the members assembled at the meetings.

1870—1871.

THE LEeeps NaTurRALisTs’ FIELD CLUuB originated in a paper
read by Mr. James Brodie in February 1870 to a meeting of
members of the Leeds Young Mens’ Christian Association, in
which he explained the working of a similar society existing in
Dundee. It was then resolved to form the Society, and at a subse-
quent meeting the officers were elected for the first year. Mr. J.
Holroyd was chosen President, and Mr James Brodie Secretary,
with a committee consisting of Messrs. W. Coates, Thos. G. Denny,
A. W. Dodgshun, Thomas Graham, George W. Newton, John
Reynolds, B. Rhodes, Thomas Rhodes, and William Hind Smith.
The Rules, which were few and simple, were printed on the card
of membership, together with the names of the Committee. The
terms of membership were 1/- and 2/6 per annum.

The first public appearance of the newly-formed Club was at a
Lecture, by its President, delivered in the Hall of the Young Men’s
Christian Association on the 12th April 1870, when he took for his
title “Peeps at Nature.” The chair was occupied by the then Mayor
of Leeds, (Mr. Ald. Wm. Glover Joy) and the audience was very
numerous.

4 HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY.

Originally excursions and classes were the only méans con-
templated for carrying out the objects of the newly formed organ-
ization. Consequently during the summer of 1870, there were nine
excursions, mostly to places of interest within a few miles of Leeds,
including Adel, Newlay, Bramhope, Ilkley, and Barwick-in-Elmet,
the members receiving at Newlay and Bramhope the hospitality of
Mr. Wm. Hind Smith and Mr. W. B. Hindle. One of the nine
excursions, on the 3rd August, was a whole day trip to Bolton
Abbey and Woods. The average attendance at the first season’s
excursions was 14.

During the winter of 1870—71 a botanical class was conducted
in connection with the Club, while its original programme was
extended by the holding of a, series of ten fortnightly evening
meetings on Mondays. A variety of interesting local and general
matter was brought forward on these occasions, and the following
papers were read :—‘‘A November day at Boston Spa” by Mr. John
W. Taylor; “Geology as a study” by Mr. Leonard Acomb; “Wasps”
by Mr. Wm. Denison Roebuck; “Animalcule” by Mr. James
Abbott; ‘On Trees and their uses” by Mr. James Brodie; and
“Protozoa” by Mr. Thos. Hick, B.A.

The First Annual Meeting was held on the 9th of March 1871.
The Secretary gave an oral report on the state of the Society’s
affairs, stating that it then numbered about 50 members. The
balance sheet showed that the Revenue for the year was £3. 5.6
and the balance carried forward £1.1. 6.

Mr. James Holroyd and Mr. James Brodie were re-elected to the
respective offices of President and Secretary, Mr. John W. Taylor
was appointed Curator, Messrs. Thomas Rhodes and G. W. Newton
were elected Vice-Presidents, while Messrs. Wm. Coates, Thos. G.
Denny, A. W. Dodgshun, B. Rhodes, and Wm. Hind Smith were
re-elected to serve on the Committee, the places of the retiring
members being supplied by the election of Messrs. James Abbott,
John Dixon, Wm. Denison Roebuck, and John Thrippleton.

1871—1872.

During the second year of the Society’s existence the evening
meetings on the first and third Tuesdays of each month were kept
up with varying success, 21 such meetings being held throughout
the year. A considerable amount of local specimens and information
was brought forward, and at two of the meetings papers were read:
on “The Darwinian Theory” by Mr. Wm. Hy. Taylor, and on
“Mosses” by Mr. James Abbott.

Seven excursions were made during the summer of 1871, the
places visited including Knaresbro’, Meanwood Valley, Roundhay

pea ©

{

HISTORY OF THE. SOCIETY. 75

Limehills, Malham, Horsforth Wood, Adel, and Garforth. The
excursions, as contrasted with those of the preceding season, were
not so well attended.

A very successful Exhibition of objects of natural history was
organized in the middle of November 1871. It lasted for four
days, and was held in the large Lecture Hall of the Young Men’s
Christian Association. On the first evening, addresses were
delivered by the President and other gentlemen,

At the commencement of the year Mr. W. H. Broadhead of
Chapel-Allerton offered a prize of 20/- for the best collection of
land and fresh-water shells formed during the summer of 1871
within ten miles of the Leeds Town Hall. The prize was deservedly
gained by a very excellent collection submitted to the judges
(Messrs. John Dixon and John W. Taylor) by Mr. Henry Shaw.

The accommodation at the Young Men’s Christian Association
proving unsatisfactory, a much more convenient room was secured
at the Leeds Mechanics’ Institute, the first meeting in the new
room being held on the 6th February 1872.

The second Annual meeting was held at the Mechanics’ Institute
on the 21st March 1872. The Secretary again gave an oral
account of the condition of the Society’s affairs, the number of
members being given as 32.

The Financial Statement showed that with a revenue of £2. 0.9
the balance at the close of the year was 8/9. Mr. Thomas Hick,
B.A., B.Sc., was chosen President, Messrs. James Abbott and
William Todd Vice-Presidents, and Messrs. James Brodie and
Wm. Denison Roebuck joint-Secretaries, while Messrs. T. G.
Denny, A. W. Dodgshun, Henry Douglas, J. Hezmalhalch, G. W.
Newton, George Rodwell, S. Scholefield, and John W. Taylor
were elected to serve on the Council. At this meeting a sub-com-
mittee was requested to take into consideration the condition of
the Society and to report on the desirability of its being re-organized
upon a broader and more comprehensive basis.

1872—1873,

For some years a private SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION, consisting of
five members, viz:—Messrs. James Abbott, James Wm. Davis,
Thomas Hick, F. Arnold Lees and William Todd, but having no
rules or formal organization, save that Mr. Abbott acted as
chairman and Mr. Hick as convener, had been in the habit of
meeting weekly at the residence of one or other of its members,
for the purpose of reading papers and discussing matters of scientific
terest. This society gradually merged itself, about this date, by
a process of natural absorption into the Leeds Naturalists’ Field

6 HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY.

Club, of which most of its members were already active constituents.

At the commencement of the year 1872-3, in conformity with
the recommendations of the committee appointed at the Annual
Meeting the Leeds Naturalists’ Field Club was re-organized upon
a broader basis, it was resolved that the meetings should be held
weekly on Tuesday evenings, that they should be alternately
devoted to the reading of papers and to the exhibition of specimens
and conversation, and to mark the enlarged scope of the Society’s
operations the name was altered to ‘‘THE LEEDS NATURALISTS’
FIELD CLUB AND ScIENTIFIC AssocIATION.” At the same time
the subscription was fixed at 4/- per annum. From this time the
programme was communicated to the members in the form of
syllabuses of the meetings and papers, issued at the beginning of
every three months. The programme of operations thus inaugur-
ated has since formed the basis of the Society’s proceedings to the
present time.

The opening meeting was held on the 16th April, 1872, when
the President delivered his inaugural address. Forty-eight meetings
were held during the year with an average attendance of 16 at each.
At 23 of these meetings papers were read while the remainder were
conversational meetings. Only five excursions were held during
the season of 1872, and this branch of the Society’s work was, as
compared with the two preceding seasons, to be regarded as a
comparative failure, although the excursions actually made were
productive of great interest to the members who took part in them.

On the roth August a very pleasant afternoon was spent at the
gardens at Rosehurst, Headingley, by the invitation of Mr.
Washington Teasdale.

On the 3rd August Mr. John Holmes, of Methley, guided a
party to the interesting groups of prehistoric remains on Rombalds
Moor, having at the preceding evening meeting given a lecture
upon the subject.

The following is a list of the papers read during the year:—
1872.
Apl. 30 Thomas Hick, B.A., B.Sc., on ‘Hydrozoa,’
May 14 James Abbott, on ‘Animal and Vegetable Tissues,’
», 28 William Todd, on ‘Early Sedimentary Rocks.’
June 11 Samuel Jefferson, F.C.S., on ‘Matter and Force.’
», 25 John W. Taylor, on ‘Mollusca.’
July 9 William Henry Taylor, on ‘Entomology.’
», 23 Rev. W. T. Adey, on ‘The Geology of South Bedfordshire. ’
,, 30 John Holmes, on ‘Prehistoric Remains on Rombalds’ Moor.’
Aug. 6 James Abbott, on ‘The Structure and Classification of Grasses.’
», 20 Thomas Hick, B.A., B.Sc., on ‘Botanical Classification.’
Sep. 3 Henry C. Cheetham, on ‘Mountain Limestone,’
»» 17 Wm, Denison Roebuck, on ‘Hymenoptera.’
Oct. 8 Arthur William Dodgshun, on ‘British Ferns.’

HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY. /

1872-3.
Oct. I Edward Thompson, on ‘The Atmosphere in its Relation to Moisture.’
5, 29 Thomas Hick, B.A., B. Sc., on ‘The Lobster.’
Nov. 12 J. J. Armistead, on ‘Water Farming.’
5, 26 W. Nelson, on ‘The Lymnzide of the Birmingham District.’
Dec. 10 W. Denison Roebuck, on ‘Habitations of Hymenopterous Inseects.’
Jan. 14 Rev. J. Hanson, on ‘The Development, or Transformation of Insects.’
,, 28 James Abbott, on ‘The Anatomy of the Slug.’
Feb. 11 George Ward, F.C.S., on ‘The Element Carbon.’
25 Edwin Birchall, on ‘The Origin and Distribution of the Insects of the
British Isles.’ (A full abstract of this paper was subsequently
printed in SclENCE Gossip and in NEWMAN’s ENTOMOLOGIST).

a?

Amongst the very numerous and important subjects brought
before the Society at the conversational meetings the following
facts of local interest are worthy of notice.

Mr. John Grassham exhibited a specimen of the ‘ Large Tortoise-
Shell’ butterfly, (Vanessa polychloros) which he had taken in the
Meanwood Valley on the 27th July, the species not having before
been known to occur in the district.

The same member subsequently showed an example of the
‘Camberwell Beauty’ butterfly (Vanessa antiopa) which was taken
by Mr. Thomas P. Mallorie at Bramley Grange, on Whinmoor,
near Leeds, on the 8th of September. Several other specimens
were about the same time taken in and around Leeds, and recorded
in various entomological journals, while throughout the country
generally many hundreds of this usually very rare British butterfly
were taken during the autumn of 1872.

At the meeting held on the 18th June Mr. James Abbott brought
under the notice of the Society specimens of one of the freshwater
polyzoa—Alcyonella stagnorum (or A. fungosa) taken from a pond
in the neighbourhood of Leeds. So far as known, this zoophyte
had not been met with near Leeds since 1835, when it was found
in ponds at Little Woodhouse and Haigh Park, as mentioned ina
descriptive paper by the late Mr. Thomas Pridgin Teale, F.R.S.,
published in the rst volume of the Transactions of the Leeds
Philosophical and Literary Society.

The 3rd Annual meeting was held on the 25th March 1873. The
Report congratulated the Society upon the sound and healthy
state in which its affairs at that time stood, the year having been a
very successful one. Quarterly lists of the members having to be
‘kept, in consequence of the quarterly payment of subscriptions, it
will be convenient to mention the number of members as standing
in the Roll Books at the close of each quarter. The year began
with 32; on the First of July it rose to 51; on the First of Oct. to
59; on the First of Jan. to 63; at which figure it also stood at the
date of the Annual meeting.

8 HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY.

The Financial Statement showed a Revenue of £ 11.5.6, and
a balance in hand at the close of the year of £1.13.3. Mr. T.
Hick, B.A., B.Sc., was re-elected President, Messrs. James Abbott
and William Todd Vice-presidents, and Messrs. William Denison
Roebuck and James Brodie Secretaries. Messrs. T. G. Denny,
A. W. Dodgshun, and John W. Taylor were re-elected on the
Council, having for new colleagues Messrs. H. C.Cheetham, W.
E. Clarke, John Grassham, Rev. J. Hanson, and S. Jefferson, F.C.S.

1873—1874.

During the year 43 meetings were held, with an average
attendance at each of 19. At 21 meetings the following papers
were read :—

Thomas Hick, B.A., B.Sc., The President’s Inaugural Address.
5, 22 Edwin Birchall, on ‘Some South American Mantide & Phasmide.’
May 6 William Todd, on ‘Silurian Rocks and Fossils.’
,, 20 S. Jefferson, F.C.S., on ‘Evaporation and Condensation physically
considered.’
July 8 Edward Thompson, on ‘ The Astronomical Telescope.’
», 22 Washington Teasdale, on “Town Gardening.’
Aug. 5 L. C. Miall, on ‘The Permian rocks of the neighbourhood of Leeds.’ —
,, 19 T. Hick, B.A., B.Sc.,on ‘The Structure and Development of Ferns.’
Sep. 16 James Abbott, on ‘The Structure and Development of Hepatice.’
Oct. 14 S. Jefferson, F.C.S., on ‘Air, physically considered.’
Novi Frederick Greenwood, M.R.C.S.E., on ‘Snakes.’
», 25 J. W. Davis, F.G.S., on ‘The Fossil Fishes of the Coal Measures.’
Dec. 9 Frederick Haigh, on ‘The Study of Microscopical Science.’
Jan. 13 Washington Teasdale, on ‘Microscopes and Accessory Apparatus :
preparation, mounting, and photographic delineation of objects. ’
», 27 Henry Pocklington, on ‘Sugar, physiologically, optically, and chem-
ically considered.’ -
Feb.10 Rev. J. Collins Odgers, B.A., on ‘The larger Parasitic Plants.’
», 24 John Garbutt, F.R.A.S., on ‘The Sun.’
Mar.10 William Cash, F.G.S., on ‘The Flora of the Coal Measures.’
», 24 T. Hick, B.A., B.Sc., on ‘The Structure & development of a Moss.’

The Excursions were six in number and in point of attendance
were no improvement upon those of the previous year, although
some of them were productive of much benefit to the society.

By invitation a visit was paid to Mr. John Holmes’ museum of
antiquities at Holmville, Methley. Two excursions, one to Colling-
ham in April 1873 and the other to Kippax and Castleford in
March 1874 were under the leadership of Mr. L. C. Miall. The
other localities visited were Clapham and Ingleborough, Rombalds
moor, and Knaresbro,

A very successful microscopical soiree was held in the middle of
December 1873, at which there was a very strong display of micro-
scopes and a crowded attendance of visitors.

HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY. 9

About the same time a microscope was purchased by subscription
among the members for use at the meetings.

Amongst the mass of material exhibited at the various conversa-
tional meetings may be mentioned the capture of a living example
of the Dormouse by the Rev. J. Hanson inthe Meanwood Valley
in the summer of 1873, the species not having been previously
known for the district.

A prize of £5, offered through the Leeds Philosophical and
Literary Society for the encouragement of practical work in natural
history, was awarded to Mr. Edward E. Prince, a member of this
Society, for a series of specimens and drawings illustrative of the
structure and mode of life of the common newt.

The 4th Annual meeting was held on the 31st March 1874. The
. Annual report showed that the Society had steadily progressed
during the year. The membership, which began at 63, stood as
follows at the end of each Quarter:—July rst, 1873, 71; Oct. rst,
84; Jan. 1st, 1874, 87; and at the date of the Annual meeting
roo members. The Financial Statement showed an Income of
420 . 3. 6, anda deficit at the close of the year of about £2.
Mr. Thomas Hick, B.A., B.Sc., was for the third time re-elected
President, and Messrs. James Brodie and Wm. Denison Roebuck
Secretaries, while the retiring Vice-Presidents were replaced by
Messrs. Samuel Jefferson, F.C.S., and Edward Thompson. Messrs.
James Abbott, W. E. Clarke, John Grassham, and William Todd,
were re-elected to serve on the council, the retiring members being
replaced by Messrs. Frederick Haigh, Louis C. Miall, Rev, J. C.
Odgers, B.A., and Henry Pocklington.

18745,

At the commencement of the year a course of four lectures upon
the Geology of the West Riding was delivered by Mr. L. C. Miall,
illustrated by a series of seven field excursions, Mr. Miall acting as
leader. By permission of the Council of the Philosophical Society
the lectures were delivered in their Lecture Theatre, a charge being
made to the public for admission. The localities visited were:—
Ingleborough; Skipton and Draughton; Harrogate ; Shipley aud
Baildon; Esholt and Rawden ; Farnley (descent of coal-pit by per-
mission of Mr. W. J. Armitage); and Garforth, Fairburn and
Knottingley. A printed syllabus of the course was issued and the
attendance at both lectures and excursions was very good.

During the year 43 evening meetings were held, the average
attendance being 20 at each. At 23 meetings papers were read, the
following being a list :—

1874-5.
Apl. 21 L, C. Miall, on ‘The Geology of Ingleborough.’

10 HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY.

1874-5.
May 5 L. Pig on ‘The Yoredale Rocks and Millstone Grit of the West
iding.
», 12 L. C. Miall, on ‘The Yorkshire Coalfield, with special reference to
the Lower Coal Measures.’
» 19 L.C. Miall, on ‘The Permian Rocks of the West Riding ; and on
recent geological changes.’
June 2 Thos. Hick, B.A., B.Sc., The President’s Inaugural Address.
» 9 Edward Thompson, on ‘Microscopical Measurement.’
July 14 C. J. Clarke, on ‘The Classification of Fishes.’
Aug.11 H. Pocklington, on ‘Coloring Matters of Leaves and Flowers.’
», 25 James Abbott, on ‘The Structure of Stems and Roots.’
Sep. 8 W. H. Taylor, on ‘The Structure of certain Noctuz.’ ‘
» 29 S. Jefferson, F.C.S., on ‘Gems and Precious Stones.’
Oct. 13. S. Jefferson, F.C.S., on ‘Volcanic Phenomena.’
», 27 John Garbutt, F. R.A. S., on ‘Solar Physics.’
Noy.10 Thos, Hick, B.A., B.Sc., on ‘The Vertebrate Skull as secn in Birds.”
»» 24 James Abbott, on ‘The Anatomy of Aberrant Stems,’
Dec.15 Edwd. E. Prince, on ‘The Hedgehog.’
Jan. 12 Hy. Pocklington, F.R.M.S., on ‘The Physical Constitution of the
Sun’ (Extempore).
», 26 Thomas Tate, on ‘The Organization of Daphnia pulex.’ (Printed in
extenso in the ‘Naturalist,’ April and May, 1876.)
Feb. 9 W. Percy Sladen, F.G.S., on ‘The Classification of the Echinoidea.’
23 Thos. Hick, B.A., B.Sc., on ‘Marchantia polymorpha.’
Mch. Sils Thrippleton, on ‘Iron—from the quarry to the workshop.’

On the 16th February 1875 a very successful Conyersazione and
Exhibition was held in the Picture Gallery of the Mechanics’ Insti-
tute, and was attended by a very large number of friends.

In addition to the course of Geological excursions already
noticed, a very successful one was made in July 1874, into Upper
Wharfdale, Grassington being the starting-point of the ramble.

A Microscopical Section was formed in 1874 in connection with
the Society. It numbered 22 members and held eight fortnightly
meetings on Wednesday evenings. It was however found that the
Society was not strong enough to carry on fortnightly meetings of a
Section concurrently with the weekly meetings of the whole Society,
and the Section was consequently discontinued. Mr. J. Abbott was
president and Mr. Frederick Haigh secretary of the Microscopical
Section during the time of its existence. Much good work was
done in connection with it, and at three of its meetings the following
papers were read:—

1874.
Feb. 18 James Abbott, The President’s Address.
Apl. 29 H. Pocklington, F.R.M.S., on ‘The Microscope as a Detective
Agent.’
May 27 fémest bore on ‘Microscopical Manipulation.’

During the year, amongst other valuable communications, Mr.
F. G. S. Rawson, of Thorpe, near Halifax, communicated a large

HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY. II

amount of information on the Birds of the parish of Halifax, amount-
ing in the aggregate to an almost complete avi-fauna of that district.
Mr. James Wm. Davis, F.L.S., F.G.S., of Greetland, near Halifax,
also presented a carefully compiled classified list of the Birds of the
parish of Halifax. A large amount of information on the birds of
the West Riding generally was also amassed during the year through
the kindness of various observers.

The Library of the Society received valuable additions during the |
year from the liberality of Mr. Fairfax Wooler, of Farnley, who gave
45 at the previous annual meeting for the purchase of books.

The Fifth Annual Meeting was held on Tuesday the 30th of
March 1875. The Annual Report and Financial Statement of
the Council were duly adopted. The membership for the year
commenced at roo at the date of the previous Annual meeting; on
the 1st July 1874 it was 105; on the 1st October, 111; onthe tst of
January 1875 it fell to 108; at which figure it remained at the date
ofthe Annual meeting. The Financial Statement showed a revenue
4 28.5.8, and at the close of the year a balance of £5.15. 1in
the hands of the Treasurer.

Mr. Hy. Pocklington, F.R.M.S., was elected President, Messrs.
James Abbott, Edwin Birchall, F.L.S., Samuel Jefferson, F.C.S.,
and William Todd Vice-presidents, Mr. W. Denison Roebuck
Secretary, with a Council consisting of Messrs. William E. Clarke,
John Grassham, Thomas Hick, B.A., B.Sc., Louis C. Miall, F.G.S.,
Rev. John C. Odgers, B.A., Thomas Tate, Washington Teasdale,
and Edward Thompson.

By a resolution of the Council, passed some time previously, the
meeting-night for the ensuing year (1875-6) was changed from
Tuesday to Wednesday.

The subsequent proceedings of the Society will be found detailed

an the Annual Report and in the Valedictory Address of the Pres-
ident for the year 1875-6.

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The Peeds Aaturalists’ Club and Scientific Association.
———_ 0

THE
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL:

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING, HELD
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23rd, 1876.

—o

The Council, in presenting their 6th annual report of the state
of the Society’s affairs, regret to have to state that as compared with
the previous year there has been a retrogression, instead of as before,
a decided advance in the prosperity of the Society. The retro-
gression is however but small, and may most probably be accounted
for by the fact that the energies of most of the leading members of
the Society were during the past year devoted to the promotion of
the success of the Scientific Department of the Yorkshire Exhibition
of Arts and Manufactures. Your Council trust that their successors
may not only have the benefit of the services of these members
during the ensuing year, but that their term of office may be the
most successful one that the Society has ever yet enjoyed.

MEMBERS.

In the last Annual Report the number of members was given
as 97, only those being counted who were not at that time in arrear
with the Treasurer. By subsequent paymeuts of arrears this num-
ber was raised to 105, which may be considered as the starting-

| r point for the present year.

As explained in previous reports, the nature of the payment of
subscriptions renders it necessary to keep quarterly lists of members.
The following are the figures for each quarter as at present standing
in the Roll-Books:—

1875 March 31. 105 members.
June 30. 107 5s
Sept. 30. 103 as
Dec. 31. 101 a5

1876 Feb. 23. 100 m

All members who pay an annual subscription are included in these

The nominal roll as at present standing includes 4 Honorary
members, 94 Original members, 1 New Ordinary member, and 1
Non-resident member, in addition to which Subsciptions are yet due

14 SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT.

from 7 Original members. This makes totals of 100 paid-up members
and 7 in arrear, and a grand total of 107 members.

During the year the Society has lost by death one Honorary
member, being the Second only who has died since the establish-
ment of the Society. From various reasons a number of members
have ceased their connection with the Society during the year,
including a member of the Council.

MEETINGS.

During the year of eleven months 33 meetings have been held,
with an average attendance of 16; as against last year’s average of
20. The lowness of the present year’s average is due however to
counter-attractions during the whole of the summer, the average
for the last quarter being 23.

At 18 of the meetings papers were read, the average attendance
being 19%. The remaining 15 meetings were mainly devoted to
the exhibition of specimens, the average attendance thereat being
£2:

A list of the papers read is appended to this report.

EXCURSIONS.

Two excursions have been made by the Society during the year:
the first was on the 24th of April, to Shipley Glen and Rombald’s
Moor, when there was a fair attendance.

The second was a full day excursion, on Bank Holiday Monday
the 2nd of August, in conjunction with the Goole Scientific Society
and the Hull Scientific Association and Field Naturalists’ Club.
Owing to the good attendance and the efficient arrangements this
excursion, which took place at Riccall Common in the East Riding,
was very successful.

THE WEST RIDING CONSOLIDATED
NATURALISTS’ SOCIETY.

During the past few months it has been decided that the Society
shall ally itself with the West Riding Consolidated Naturalists’
Society.

This isa voluntary association of the Naturalists’ Societies of the
Riding for the purpose of holding in combination throughout the
summer months a series of excursions, each terminated by a stated
meeting.

Each affiliated Society preserves its independence and complete
control of its own internal affairs, the only liability being the pay-
ment of a contribution of one penny per member per annum.

The union at present includes about fifteen Societies.

yr SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT. 15

The card of excursions for the coming summer will shortly be
issued. There will be 6 excursions during the season, the opening
one being at Garforth on Easter Monday, followed by a meeting in
Leeds, to be held in the Picture Gallery of the Mechanics’ Institute,
kindly granted for the purpose.

LIBRARY.

The Society’s Library has during the year been enriched by the
renewed liberality of Mr. Fairfax Wooler. Copies of Bell’s British
Quadrupeds, Selby’s British Forest Trees, and the 1st volume of
Newton’s (fourth) edition of Yarrell’s British Birds, also Sheet 218
of the six-inch-Geological Survey of the district have been purchased
thereby.

The thanks of the Society have been duly conveyed to Mr. Wooler
for his generosity and the Council congratulate the members on the
acquisition of such valuable works for reference at the meetings.

THE LAWS.

Ata special general meeting held on the 24th November last the
whole of the then existing Laws ot the Society were repealed, and
anew Code was substituted for them. A few changes were made at
the time of the adoption of the new Code, which your Council be-
lieve will be to the advantage of the Society.

THE FINANCES.

The Financial Statement, appended to this report, shows a Balance
in favor of the Society of £4. 12. 0, all claims against the Society
having been met. Your Council are of opinion that this state of
affairs is the more satisfactory from the fact that the balance of
45. 15. 1, with which the previous year closed included £5. 3. 0,
of subscriptions for the present year paid in advance, while on the
other hand there is not a single penny of the coming year’s income
included in the balance now announced.

ALTERATION OF MEETING-NIGHT.

The Council beg to remind the members that the meeting-night
has been changed to Tuesday, as the experience of the past year has
shown that Wednesday is very inconvenient to many of the mem-
bers. The Council trust that the members by their attendance
will show the wisdom of this step, and the unadvisability of any
' further change.

16
The Heeds HMaturalists’ Club and

Scientific Association. ;

1875—6.
EES vO PA PERS

READ DURING THE SESSION.

Apl.21 Thos. Hick, B.A., B.Sc., Retiring President’s Address.
May 5 A. L. H. Dawson, M.A., on ‘The Theories of Instinct.’
», 26 James Abbott, on ‘Life History of Chara.’
June 2. Rev. J. C. Odgers, B,A., on ‘Swiss Mountains, Lakes, and Glaciers.’

>» 16 Hy, Pocklington, F.R.M.S., on ‘Some passages in the Biography of
a Plant.’

July 14 Hy. Pocklington, F.R.M.S., on ‘The Scientific Instruments in the
Yorkshire Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures,’

», 28 John Holmes, on ‘The Characteristic Features of the Prehistoric
Objects in the Yorkshire Exhibition.’

Aug.11 E. Birchall, F.L.S., on “The Geographical Distribution of European
Butterflies. ’

é 25 S. Jefferson, F.C,S., on ‘The Aquaria in the Yorkshire Exhibition.’ -
Sep. 8 B. Holgate, on ‘The Combustion of Bituminous Coal.’

», 29 W. Todd, on ‘Applied Science, as shown in the Manufactures Depart-
ment of the Yorkshire Exhibition.’

Nov. 3. J. W. Westmoreland, A.R.S.M., on ‘The Manufacture of Steel,’

», 17. John T. Beer, F.R.S,Lit., on ‘Tidal advances upon the Coast of Kent,
with indications ofa former coast-line : & of ancient submergence.’

: Dec. 1 Thomas Fairley, F.R.S.E., F.C.S., ‘On some of the Elements con-
sidered as compounds.’

» 15 F. Greenwood, M.R.C.S.E., on ‘The Structure of Amphioxus lanceo-
= latus,” ;

Jan. 5 Washington Teasdale, on ‘Woodbury’s Sciopticon as an Educational
Instrument. ’

»» 19 Thos. Tate, on ‘Man and the Ice Age in Airedale.’
Feb. 3. James Monckman, on ‘Electricity.’
», 23 H. Pocklington, F.R.M.S., President’s Valedictory Address.

———+0-—__—

17

VALEDICTORY ADDRESS

DELIVERED BY THE RETIRING PRESIDENT,

H. POCKLINGTON, F.R.MS.,

AT THE SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING,
FEBRUARY 23rd, 1876.

=

Gentlemen,

The history of this association for the past year may be written
from two stand points. From the first we shall glance at the deve-
lopment of the association in its internal and social relations. From
the other we shall review its scientific work, contenting ourselves
with seeking to discover how far it has fulfilled its duty as laid down
in its constitution, and how far it has progressed in developing that
duty.

The social life of the association during the past year has been
marked by two or threeprominent features. Of the first-—its change
of presidency—it is not for me to speak, otherwise than in thanking
the officers and members of the society for the ready help and
undeviating courtesy and kindness they have extended to me inall
the circumstances of the year, and for the loyalty with which they
have supported the office I have borne. A more important feature
of the year, that cannot fail to have its influence for good or evil, is
the prominent part the Society has taken, either collectively or by
its chief officers and council in various movements in the tow n and
the more extended public notice thence accorded to it. Mention
is made in our annual report of the more important of these move-
ments, that of the Yorkshire Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures.

The connection of the association with the ,exhibition was of a
two-fold character. Corporately its connection was limited to the
share it took in one of the most successful “special days,” that of the
Scientific evening. But the indirect connection of the association
was much more extensive than this, for as most of you are aware
nearly all its more active members including nearly all its officers
and council were on the committee of the exhibition and took part
in the duties thereof.

This had a considerable influence on our summer and autumn
sessions and no doubt to it may be attributed the somewhat low

average attendance at our meetings this year. This point may
perhaps be dwelt upon here for a moment, as there is no doubt that
a small attendance of members at our weekly meetings is much to
be deplored and that nothing can be more fatal to the progress,
even to the existence of the society than the absence of its members

18 PRESIDENTS VALEDICTORY ADDRESS.

from the meetings.

The average of the year was 16 members at each meeting, in-
cluding lectures and conversational meetings, or about 13 per cent
of the members on the books, as against an average attendance of
20 the previous year and an average attendance of 18 in the third
year of the society’s existence, when the first love of its constituents
had not abated, shown by its high average of 33 percent with a total
of 53 members on the books. There is probably no falling off from
last year, because its average of 20 is largely made up by an extra-
ordinary attendance of non-members at the special course of lectures
given by our well known and able member of council, Mr. Louis C.
Miall; but there is a sad and deplorable falling off from the percent-
age attendance and it is to be feared from the earnestness which
characterised the early life of the society. It remains for you its
members loyally to support its new president and council in reviving
the energy and the usefulness of its career, lest its very life be taken
from it. In this connection it may be well to notice that a better
state of things as regards attendance has begun to dawn, for as I
see by some statistics our Secretary has been good enough to give
me that the attendance at our meetings during the first quarter of
the now expiring year was 18. During the second quarter the
number fell to 14% and again fell to 1214 but during the last two
months of Jan. and Feb. it has risen to 234%. ‘This increase of
attendance has however been confined to our lecture nights, and the
working nights, those that best test the real life of the society are
still the source of true grief to those who have the best interests of
the society at heart.

I pass to consider the third chief feature in our year’s social life
—its legislation. Those of us who were present during the admirable
address of our late president, delivered at the commencement of
this year will remember that this association has grown up out of
small societies some of which were private or semi-private gatherings
of two or three like-minded persons. It resulted from this that the
association commenced its history with no definite rules or consti-
tution save a few bye laws scattered in its minute books. This
state of things is unobjectionable in small societies consisting of
half-a-dozen members but is always more or less embarrassing and
even. very seriously injurious when the society or association be-
comes numerous and assumes more or less the character of a public
body. Your council therefore seeing that the association has at-
tained considerable size and that the absence of an accessible code
of laws was productive of grave inconvenience, decided upon ap-
pointing a committee to enquire into the whole of the then existing
laws with instructions to report as to the advisability of codifying
them or drafting a new code. The committee reported that it would

PRESIDENT’S VALEDICTORY ADDRESS. 19

be desirable to frame a new code and advised the appointment of a
committee for the purpose of drafting one. Thecouncil at once
acted upon their advice, and after some months’ deliberation a code
was submitted to council, amended and accepted, and finally passed
at a special general meeting of the association. It forms therefore
the existing constitution of the society. It is too soon to pass a

‘yerdict upon the working of the code and we who framed it shall
not be in our rightful position if we become its critics, but it may
be permitted to us to ask the loyal support and friendly help of you
all in giving it a fair trial.

So far there is only one cloud over the recollection of our legislative
endeavours; this you will all share and regret with us that one of our
most respected and hard working colleagues felt it to be his duty
to disapprove of our action and retire from ourcouncil. You will
I am sure join with us in the hope and trust that the results of the
working of the rules will prove far other than he fears and that his
misapprehensions on this point being removed he will consent to
return and by your cordial votes will be returned to the post he-is so
well fitted to occupy.

During the year the association has had to deplore the loss by
death of one of its honorary members, Mr. Alderman Marsden.
With this exception and one other, every person who has been
connected with the society, during its six years’ history is still alive.

By change of residence the association has lost the valued aid of
an able member of council and contributor to its meetings, the
Rey. J. C. Odgers. You will join with me in wishing him every
success in his new field of labour and in the hope that this association
may have the pleasure and profit of contributions from his stores
of knowledge.

The scientific history of our association must be viewed from the
stand-point of its constitution, which defines the objects of the
association as follows:—In the first place the minute investigation
of the natural history in all its branches of the immediate neighbour-
hood of Leeds, and the more general investigation of the whole of
the West Riding; the collection of information whether at present
on record or as yet unwritten, the completion of the work by
original research and eventually the preparation of a comprehensive
account of the natural history of the district. Secondly, the
endeavour of the society is to cultivate a taste for scientific know-
ledge amongst the inhabitants of Leeds, to combine and strengthen
- individual effort and afford facilities for the reading and discussion
of papers on scientific subjects.

As regards the first the association has this year had little to say
that is worth the sayiug. Individual members of the association
have done good work and our fortnightly conversational meetings

20 PRESIDENTS VALEDICTORY ADDRESS.

have seen the production of numberless specimens illustrative of
our local fauna and flora, but collectively the association has taken
no steps towards the realisation of its great object. This is a point
which will doubtless receive the immediate attention of the incoming
council.
Amongst the contributions of individual members to our meetings

I may refer to Mr. James Abbott’s discovery of Potentilla Norvegica
as a denizen and numerous contributions by our friends Nelson and
Taylor in the department of conchology. Two of the society’s.
corresponding members, Messrs. Davis and Rawson have continued
their valuable observations on the birds of the district and on the
varying features of the Natural History of the year, and our archives
are enriched by their MS. contributions, of which at no distant date
it is hoped good use may be made, In the second department of its
work the association has been more successful and the only point
we have seriously to deplore is the smallness of the attendance at
our meetings. The papers read during the year have manifested
considerable ability and several of them have dealt with matters of
local importance. Among these I will mention papers on the Ex-
hibits in the Exhibition, including a very interesting one on the
Archzological department by Mr. John Holmes, on the combustion
of Bituminous Coal and the Manufacture of Steel. Papers of less lo-
cal interest but containing original work which would not otherwise
have seen the light, locally at all events, have been delivered by our
Borough Analyst, Mr. Fairley, in which he introduced to our notice
his new oxide of uranium and laid before us the results of many
original and important researches he has made in the higher depart-
ments of Chemistry, and by Mr. Abbott, on the Life History of Chara
where we had the results of the same earnest and industrious obser-
vations that gave us last year the first confirmation of Dr. Farlow’s
interesting discovery of the non-sexual reproduction of Ferns. Mr.
A. L. Halkett Dawson read a singularly able paper on Theories
of Instinct, containing many original ideas and the results of careful
observation. In thus particularising such papers as appear to be
distinguished by containing much original matter or by being of local
interest and therefore specially suitable to this association, I must
not be understood as passing over the other papers of the year be-
cause wholly unworthy of notice. The facts in most cases are quite
otherwise, as many of you can testify, but the limits of a valedictory
address are stringent. Of the conversational meetings of the year
we have not avery satisfactory tale to tell. The attendance at them
has been small, and on several occasions the exhibits have not been
either numerous or interesting. There are many exceptions to this
and on more than one occasion these meetings have been character-
ised by the exhibition of novelties, and the production of the results

1 ARR NE Sae RES =,

all

PRESIDENT’S VALEDICTORY ADDRESS. 21

of considerable original work or patient industry. The exhibits in
conchological science have been numerous and interesting, including
the exhibit of Clausilia Rolphit from anew British locality in Devon,
Limnea glutinosa from Kent, and a very large number of specimens
of great interest to experts. In Botanical Science we have had
demonstration of the conjugation of Saprolegnia and of other points
in vegetable physiology. In animal histology we have had good
demonstrations more than once, and in general Physics we have had
demonstration of the nature and properties of toughened glass and
the application of various departments of science to practical pur-
poses. The publicity given to our meetings in the local press has, it
is hoped, called public attention to scientific doings and thus in
some humble way we shall have helped to cultivate a taste for
scientific knowledge in Leeds.

Our excursions during the year have not been numerous, nor
with one exception have they been well attended, The exception
is the Riccall excursion, an experiment quite novel to us but worthy
of repetition.» On Bank holiday Monday, Aug. 2nd, 1875, in con-
nection with Hull and Goole our members went to Selby, and
having met others of the party walked to Riccall Common, where in
the middle of the day Dr. Parsons read a very interesting and elabor-
ate paper on the Common and its natural and archeological features.

After investigating the district the members reassembled at 5
o’ clock at the Parish Church of Riccall, when the Rev. J. R. Farrow
gave an interesting address upon it and the old manor house, now
the Vicarage. After.tea the party returned to Leeds, Goole, and
Hull. Great attention was paid to the plants and shells of the dis-
trict. Lists and reports, drawn up by certain of the members,
may be found in our minute-book. Reports also appeared in the
‘Yorkshire Post’ and ‘Selby Times’ shortly after, embodying the
whole of the information given by Dr. Parsons and the Rev. J. R.
Farrow, B.A. Among the more interesting things noticed during
the excursion were the occurrence of the whole four British Lemnz
or Duckweeds in the pond near the church. In ditches in the
vicinity, occasionally filled with brackish water, owing to the Ouse
being a tidal river beyond this point, were found numerous examples
of young Flounders.

But when all is said, what have we done, compared with what
we ought tohavedone? This, gentlemen, is what you and I should”
ask ourselves to-night, and if the answer be that least consonant
with our vanity let us remember that the new year is before us with
its opportunities as well as its responsibilities.

22

*

i

x

All

The Heeds AMaturalists’ Club and
Scientific Association.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

FEBRUARY 23, 1876.

Explanation of Signs prefixed to Names.

HONORARY MEMBERS, paying not less than Ios. 6d. per annum.
Non-RESIDENT MEMBERS, paying 2s. 6d. per annum,

ORIGINAL MEMBERS, elected before the 1st December, 1875, and paying
4s. per annum.

names unmarked are those of NEW ORDINARY MEMBERS, paying 5s:
per annum.

SE ad

Abbott, James, 745, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds. April, 1870

x Allison, R. R., Hawthorne place, New Wortley. June 30, 1874

i Ke ONE

Atkinson, John Thomas, F.R.M.S., President of the Selby

Naturalists Soctety, The Quay, Selby. Oct. 14, 1873
Atkinson, R. M., 6, Hunslet Lane, Leeds. May 13, 1873
Bedford, James, Sycamore Lodge, Woodhouse. June 30, 1874
Bedford, James E., Sycamore Lodge, Woodhouse. June 11, 1872
Beer, John T., F.R.S.Lit., F.S.A.Scot., President of the Leeds

University Extension Union, Threapland House, Fulneck,

near Leeds. Sept. 2, 1873
Benn, Thos., St. James’ Place, Sunny Bank, Leeds. Dec. 2, 1871
Berry, Thomas, 37, Horrocks Terrace, South Accommodation

Road, Hunslet, near Leeds. March 10, 1874
Beswick, T. Stodart, 42, Leighton Lane, Leeds. Dec. 2, 1873
Birchall, Edwin, F.L.S., Prestdent of the York and District

Field Naturalists Society, 77, Derby Square, Douglas,

Isle of Man. Dec: 2°1ro7
Brodie, James, 2z, Leopold Street, New Leeds. Feb. 1870
Brunton, George, 2, Portland Crescent, Leeds. Jan. 20, 1874
Calvert, John T., Vice-President of the Keighley Naturalists’
. Society, 64, Low Street, Keighley. Sep. 15, 1875
Cheetham, Hy. C., 54, Caledonian Road, Leeds. Ap. 30, 1872
Clarke, William, 20, De Grey Road, Leeds. June 30, 1874
Clarke, Wm. E., 20, De Grey Road, Leeds. April 2, 1872
Clemons, George H., Headingley, Leeds. Ap. 23, 1872

ae ae:

x

OE Re Ei KD ASS ORF G oR toe

LIST OF MEMBERS, FEB. 1876. 23

Coates, Frederick, Croft Terrace, Farnley, Leeds. Jan. 27, 1874
Coates, J. Irwin, F.R.A.S., Southend, Headingley. Feb. 23, 1875
Dawson, Alexander Leith Halkett, M.A., Zadztor of the Leeds

Daily News. Aug. 12, 1873
Dawson, Thomas, President of the Leeds Mechanics’ Institution,
Caledonian Road, Leeds. June 18, 1872

Dayson, J. O., Secretary, Mechanics’ Institution. June 18, 1872
Dean, Wmn., 6, Bowling Green Place, Marshall Street, Holbeck,

Leeds. Feb. 2, 1875
Denison, Wm., 7, /ndustrial Place, Beckett St. Oct. 13, 1874
Dixon, John, Zhe General Infirmary, Leeds. Oct. 11, 1870
Dixon, John Wm., 73, Vernon Road, Leeds. June 18, 1872
Dobson, George, 94, St. James’ Street, Leeds. Aug. 17, 1873
Drake, Jas., 2, Willow Grove, Kirkstall Road. Ap. 21, 1875
Dufton, Arthur Wellesley, 74, Springfield Place. Apl. 1870
Duncan, Robert, 5, Grosvenor Place, Leeds. May 7, 1872
Ellison, Jas. Edward, zo, De Grey Road, Leeds. Jan. 20, 1874
Emery, John Stephenson, 22, Victoria Terrace, St. John’s Hill,

Leeds. i Apl. 21, 1875
Emsley, F., 75, West Street, Leeds. Jan. 20, 1874
Fairley, Thos., F.R.S.E., F.C.S., Public Analyst to the Borough

of Leeds, 8, Newton Grove, New Leeds. Feb. 23, 1875
Fearnside, Edwin, 77, Blenheim Place, Leeds. Apl. 28, 1874
Fletcher, Thos., S¢. Pawl’s Schools, Savile St. Apl. 21, 187 5

Garbutt, John, F.R.A.S., 38, Burley Street. July 8, 1873
Gascoigne, Joseph, Zown Councillor, Hope Terrace, Dewsbury

Road, Leeds. Mch. 25, 1873
Gilston, Peter, Woodhouse Hill, Hunslet. June 11, 1872

Goodall, Chas., Hrancis Street, New Leeds. Dec. 15, 1874
Grassham, John, zz, Meanwood Street, Leeds. May 7, 1872
Grassham, Thos., zo, Chad Street, Newtown. Apl. 22, 1873
Greenwood, Frederick, M.R.C.S.E., Resident Curator, Leeds
School of Medicine. Apl. 8, 1873
Haigh, Fred., 4, Grosvenor Place, Leeds. Apl. 30, 1872
Hainsworth, George, 737, Burley Road, Leeds. Nov. 17, 1874
Hardisty, Edmund, 53, Kensington Terrace, Hyde Park,”
Leeds. Feb. 2, 1875
Hay, Walter H., 7, Elmwood Place, Camp Road. Apl. 23, 1872
Helm, S., F.R.M.S., 3, Louds St, New Leeds. June 9, 1874
Hewetson, Henry, 9, West Park Terrace, Falsgrave, Scar-—

borough. Dec. 2, 1871
Hick, Samuel, Blenheim Square, Leeds. Aug. 13, 1872
Hick, Thos., B.A., B.Sc. (Lond.), Oatlands Villa, Leeds Road,

Harrogate. Dec. 2, 1871
Hindle, J. E., Horsforth, near Leeds. Apl, 1870

Holgate, Benjn., 3, Atkinson Street, Hunslet. Apl. 8, 1873

N
fs

Pe DPS LOSS Oe Ie, awe HIRT Oe

LIST OF MEMBERS, FEB. 1876.

Holmes, John, (olmville, Methley, nr. Leeds. Feb. 23, 1875
Jefferson, R. P., 747, Meadow Lane, Leeds. Aug. 12, 1873
Jefferson, S., F.C.S., 77, Virginia Road, Leeds. Apl. 2, 1872
Joy, A. Lomas, Weetwood Mount, near Leeds. Apl. 8, 1873

Kirkby, Wm., 57, Hunslet Road, Leeds. June to, 1873
Knowles, Miles, 93, Zennyson Place, Bradford. Ap). 21, 1875
Lobley, Wm., 78, Brunswick Street, Leeds. April, 1871
Loe, James Scarborough, M.R.C.S., L.S.A., Woodhouse Lane,

Leeds. June 18, 1872

Lupton, Henry, Zhe Elms, Chapel-Allerton. Dec. 2, 1873
Malt, J., 77, Paradise Place, Jack Lane, Hunslet. June 2, 1874
Miall, Louis C., F.G.S., Curator of the Aluseum of the Leeds
Philosophical and Literary Society ; President of the Leeds
Geological Asscciaticn; Lecturer on Biology at the Vork-
shire College of Science; 4, Marlborough Terrace, Belle
Vue Road, Leeds. Apl. 8,:1873
Milestone, Robert, 59 & 617, Last Street, Leeds. Nov. 24, 1874
Morant, Alfred Wm., Assoc.Inst.C.E., F.S.A., F.G.S.,. Leeds
Borough Engineer, 33, Virginia Road. Aug. 17, 1873
Nelson, William, Associate-Editor of the Quarterly Journal of

Conchology, Freehold Street, Leeds. Sep. 23,1873
Newton, George William, Office of The Yorkshire Post, Albion
Street, Leeds. Apl., 1870

Nicholls, D., 78, Woodbine Place, Little Woodhouse. July 2, 1872
Nicholls, Joseph Lister, 28, Woodbine Place, Little Wood-

house, Leeds. Oct. 1, 1872
Nield, W. J., Honorary Secretary to the Leeds Mechanics’
Lnstitution. Aug. 20, 1872
Parsons, Henry Franklin, M.D. Lond., Honorary Secretary of
the Goole Scientific Society, Goole. Feb. 2, 1876
Patchett, Isaac, F.C.S., Bzrstal, near Leeds. Feb. 2, 1876
Pearce, John, 73, Commercial Street, Leeds. Dec. 15, 1875

Pearson, A. A., 44 & 46, Queen's Place, Camp Rd. July 22, 1873
Pickles, James, Woodhouse Hill, Hunslet, and 13, Warehouse

Fill, Cali Lane, Leeds. Dec. 2, 1871
Pocklington, C., Green Lane, Baildon, nr. Shipley Sep. 29, 1873
Pocklington, H., F.R.M.S., Cedar Grove, Armley. Sep. 2, 1874
Prince, E. E., 2, Willow Grove Road, Leeds. July 15, 1873
Prince, G. A., 2, Willow Grove Road, Leeds. Apl. 28, 1874
Rees, Thomas, fly. Briggs, Son & ‘Co's Collieries, Whitwood,

wa Normanton. June 2, 1874
Richardson, W. W., IWeetwood, nr. Leeds. Feb. 17, 1874
Robertshaw, Samuel, Faxn/ey Lron Works. Apl. 14, 1874

Roebuck, Wm. Denison, 9, Sunny Bank Terrace. Apl. 19, 1870
Sands, W. H., Cunliffe House, Esholt, nr. Leeds. Feb. 10, 1874

ew ee

x x x x x

;

hth eR ee, ok ae

xX xX xX X XK

LIST OF MEMBERS, FEB. 1876. 25

Scholefield, Samuel, 76, Belgrave Street, Leeds. Apl. 21, 1875
Smethurst, C., 25, Chatham St., West Street. Feb. 25, 1873
Tate T., Rushton Villa, Thornbury nr. Bradford. Ap). 28, 5874

Taylor, John, Rockingham Street, Leeds. June 18, 1872
Taylor, John W., Zaztor of The Quarterly Journal of Conchology,
Leopold Square, New Leeds. Apl. 19, 1870

Taylor, Wm. Hy., Burlington St., Sunny Bank. Apl. 30, 1872
Teale, Thomas Pridgin, M.A., M.B.Cantab., F.R.C.S., 38,

Cookridge Street, Leeds. Feb. 22, 1875
Teasdale, Washington, Rosehurst, Grosvenor Road, Headingley,
near Leeds. Apl., 1870

Thompson, Edward, 72, Lofthouse Place, Leeds May 7, 1872
Thrippleton, J., 37, Albert Terrace, Burley Fields. Ap\., 1870

Todd, Wiliam, 2, Blundell Place, Leeds. Dec. 2, 1871
Vevers, Wm., Brandon Villas, Chapeltown Rd. Api. 28, 1874
Walker, Hy., Ashwood Villas, Headingley. Octs27. 18715
Walker, John, Willow Grove House, Leeds. Oct. 7, 1878
Walker, J. Holmes, 76, Kirkgate, Bradford. Sep. 9, 1873
Walley, Samuel, 8, £/don Terrace, Leeds. June 18, 1872 ©
Ward, George, F.C.S., 7, Buckingham Terrace, Headingley,
Leeds. May 14, 1872

Watson, William, 29, Brunswick Terrace, Leeds. June 10, 1873
Wood, William, 55, Clapham Road, Headingley. Dec. 10, 1872
Wood, William Atkinson, 87, Church st. Hunslet. Dec. 15, 1875
Wooler, Fairfax, Mineral Cottage, Farnley, Leeds. Mch. 3, 1874
Yewdall, Edwin, President of the Leeds Chemists Association,

58, Wade Lane, Leeds. April 8, 1873

> +e =<

26

The Peeds Maturalists’ Club and
Scientific Association.

LIBRARY REGULATIONS.

It has not been thought desirable to frame any bye-laws
respecting the management of the Library, but the Council desire
it to be most distinctly understood by the members, that all
the Books belonging to the Society are expected to be in the
Meeting-Room, during the whole of each meeting-night, and
that, subject to this understanding, members are at liberty to
borrow books between the meetings, on having them entered

by the Librarian.

Mr. W. H. Hay is the Librarian for 1876-7.

20989990008

al ple Sele

"chiro ncaa Sill

+ i ee eee

—

27

CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF BOOKS
IN THE LIBRARY.

The names of donors are indicated by initials within square
brackets. [ ].

Key to the initials:—Mr. James Abbott, [J.A.]; Mr. W. H.
Broadhead, [ W. H. B.]; Professor A. H. Green, M.A., F.G. Si;
[A.H.G.]; Mr. Henry Hewetson, [ H. H. ]; Mr. L. C. Miall,
F.GS.,[L.C.M.]; Rev. J. Collins Odgers, B.A., [ J. C. O. As
Mr. Wm. Denison Roebuck, [W. D. R.]; Mr. Samuel Scholefield,
te S.]; | Mr. William Todd, [W. T.]; and Mr. Fairfax Wooler,

F. W. |.

ZOOLOGY.

Bell’s British Quadrupeds.—2znd edition, 1874. [F. W.]
Newton’s (4th) edition of Varrell’s British Birds.—vol. i. [F. W.]
Newman’s Reprint of Montagu’s Dictionary of British Birds. [F. W. ]

The Field Calendar of Ornithology (Blank forms for recording
observations).—Two copies, 1872. [Publishers of Field. ]
Jeffreys’ British Land and Freshwater Shells.—1862. [F. W.]
Reeve’s British Land and Freshwater Shells.—1863. [Works |
Dixon and Watson’s British Land and Freshwater Shells. [W. H. B.]
Quarterly Journal of Conchology, edited by John W. Taylor and
Wm. Nelson of Leeds.—The first eight numbers of vol. 1.—
Feb. 1874 et seq. [ purchased. |
The Lymneidz of the Birmingham district, by William Nelson.—
The MS. of a paper read before the Society. [The author. |
Stainton’s Manual of British Butterflies and Moths.—The two
volumes bound in one.—1858-9. [wW.-T.]
Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Norfolk, by Chas. G. Barrett (Sup-
plement to the Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich
Naturalists’ Society for 1873-4. [W. D. R.]
Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Perthshire, by Dr. F. Buchanan
White.—1871. [W. D. R.]
Newman’s Entomologist, vol. v. for 1870-1 and vol. vi for 1872-3.

[ purchased. ]

At page 349 ofvol. vi will be found an abstract of the paper on

e Origin and Distribution of the Insects of the British Isles,’
read by Mr. Edwin Birchall before this society on Feb. 25, 1873.

28 CATALOGUE OF LIBRARY.

Staveley’s British Spiders.—16 colored plates, 1866. [F. W.]
Nicholson’s Manual of Zoology.—1873. [F. W.]
Zoologist, vol. vi for 1871, containing pages 2413 to 2876, and

vol. vii for 1872, pages 2877 to 3340. [purchased. |

LISTS OF BRITISH ANIMALS
AND PLANTS.

Label Catalogue of British Vertebrated Animals (names taken from
Bell’s Quadrupeds and Reptiles, and Yarrell’s Birds and

Fishes ).—Van Voorst, 1845. [purchased. |
Dr Sharp’s Catalogue of British Coleoptera (Beetles).—July, 1871.
[purchased. ]

Doubleday’s Synonymic List of British Lepidoptera. [purchased. ]

Entomological Society’s Catalogue of British Hymenoptera Acule-
ata (Bees, Wasps, Ants, &c.); by F. Smith. ’71. [purchased. ]

Entomological Society’s Catalogue of British Hymenoptera (Chry-
sididze, Ichneumonide, Braconide and Evaniidee); by Rev.
T. A. Marshall.—1872. [purchased ]

Entomological Society's Catalogue of British Neuroptera; by R.
McLachlan, the Ephemeridz by Rev. A. E. Eaton.—1870.
[purchased. |

Rey. F. O. Morris’s Catalogue of British Insects in all the Orders.
[purchased. |

The London Catalogue of British Plants, 6th edition. [purchased. ]

M. C. Cooke’s Index Fungorum Britannicorum (a complete list of
British Fungi).—No date.. [purchased. ]

BOTANY.

MS. Catalogue of 400 plants occurring in the Meanwood Valley,
by James Abbott.—1873. [The author. ]
Miall and Carrington’s Flora of the West Riding (exclusive of the
Ainsty).—1862. [L. C. M.]
Flora Cravoniensis; or a Flora of the vicinity of Settle in Craven,
by the late John Windsor, F.R.C.S., F.L.S., of Manchester.

—1873, printed for private circulation. [Mrs. Windsor. ]}
Botanical Locality Record Club.—Report of the Recorder, Fredk.
Arnold Lees, F.L.S., for 1873. [The recorder. }

The same for 1874. [The recorder. }

ee ee

a ae be a Be Se

CATALOGUE OF LIBRARY. 29

Selby’s History of British Forest Trees, indigenous and introduced.

—1842. [F. W.]
Babington’s Manual of British Botany.—7th edition, 1874. [F. W.]
Balfour’s Manual of Botany.—3rd edition by Dr. J. Williams,

1855. [J. A.]

Catalogue of Herbaceous and Alpine Plants in the Hull Botanic

gardens, by James C. Niven, curator.—1866, is fe al
GEOLOGY.

Geological Survey Six-inch Map of Yorkshire.—Sheet 201, inclu-
ding Bingley, Baildon, Wilsden and Shipley.—June, 1871.
[F. W.]
The same.—Sheet 203, including Buslingthorpe, Headingley, Adel,
Meanwood, Chapeltown, Shadwell, Scarcroft, Seacroft and
Roundhay.—Dec. 1873. [F. W.]
The same.—Sheet 216, including Bradford, Manningham, Thorn-
ton, Queenshead, Shelf, Clayton, Wibsey and Low moor.
—May, 1875. [F. W.]
The same.—Sheet 218, including Leeds, Holbeck, Hunslet, Cold-
cotes, Osmondthorpe, Thorpe Stapleton, Halton, Temple-
newsam and Woodlesford.—May 1875. fe WwW.
Leeds Naturalists’ Field Club and Scientific Association.-—Syllabus
of Mr. Miall’s course of four lectures and seven excursions,
illustrative of the Geology of the West Riding, April and

May, 1874. ‘Two copies.
[printed for the Society. |
West Riding Geological and Polytechnic Society.—Proceedings for
1871-2.—New Series, part 1., with large photograph of rocks
at Draughton near Skipton. [The Society. |
Geological Magazine for September 1873. [ purchased. ]
Contains, at page 421, a note of a paper on ‘The Permian rocks of

the neighbourhood of Leeds,’ read by Mr. L. C. Miall to this So-
ciety on the 5th August 1873.

Lyell’s Students’ Elements of Geology.—1874. [F. W.]
Introductory Lecture on Geology, delivered Sep. 16, 1872, at the
Nottingham Mechanics’ Institute, by Edwd. Wilson, F.G.S.
—Two copies. [The author. |

Includes a sketch of the geology of Nottingham.
Examination Questions (Science and Art Department) in Geology,
1868 to 1873, with answers; by E. Wilson. [The author. ]

30 CATALOGUE OF LIBRARY.

Geological Pamphlets, vol. i. [A. H. G.]
Contains the following Memoirs :

1. ‘The Glacial Phenomena of the Eden Valley and the
Western part of the Yorkshire-Dale district,’ by J. G. Good-
child.— (From the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Feb. 1875,
pp. 55 to 99 and Map.)

2. ‘On Beds of supposed Rothliegende Age, near Knares-
borough, &c.,’ by J. Clifton Ward.—(From Quart. Journ.
Geol. Soc., Aug. 1869, pp. 291 to 296.)

3. ‘On the Remains of a Fossil Forest in the Coal-mea-
sures at Wadsley, near Sheffield,’ by H. C. Sorby.—(From
Quart. Journ, Geol. Soc., Aug. 1875, pp. 458 to 460.)

4. Geological Society of London.—President’s Address,
Feb. 19, 1875, by John Evans, V.P.R.S. (Includes speeches
on presentation of the proceeds of the Wollaston donation-
fund to Mr. L. C. Miall, of Leeds.)

5. ‘Notes on the comparative Microscopic Rock-structure
of some ancient and modern volcanic rocks,’ by J. Clifton
Ward.—(From Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., Aug. 1875, pp. 388
to 422, and 2 plates.)

6. ‘Granitic and associated metamorphic Rocks of the
Lake-district,’ by J. Clifton Ward.—(From Quart. Journ.
Geol. Soc., Nov. 1875, pp. 568 to 602; and Feb. 1876, pp.
1 to 34; with 4 plates.)

7. ‘The Glaciation of the Southern part of the Lake-dis-
trict and the Glacial Origin of the Lake-basins of Cumber-
land and Westmoreland,’ by J. Clifton Ward.— (From Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soc., May 1875, pp. 152 to 166, with plate.)

8. ‘Remarks upon Mr. Mallet’s Theory of Volcanic
Energy,’ by Rev. O. Fisher.—(From Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc., Aug. 1875, pp. 469 to 478.)

g. ‘On Drift,’ by J. G. Goodchild.—(From Geol. Mag.
Decade ii, Vol. i, No. xi, Nov. 1874.)

to. ‘Modern Vulcanicity,’ by J. Clifton Ward.—(From
Geol. Mag. Dec. ii, Vol. ii, No. i, Jan. 1875.)

11. ‘On the Occurrence of Lead, Zinc, and Iron Ores in
some rocks of Carboniferous Age in the North-west of Eng-
land,’ by C. E. de Rance.—(From Geol. Mag. Vol. x, No. 2,
Feb. 1873.)

12. ‘On the Surface-Geology of the neighbourhood of
Cross Fell, in Cumberland,’ by C. E. de Rance.—(From
Geol. Mag. Vol. x, No. 8, August, 1873.)

CATALOGUE OF LIBRARY. 31

Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey
of the Territories, No. 1; consisting of a ‘Report on the
Stratigraphy andPliocene Vertebrate Palzeontology of North-
ern Colorado,’ by Prof. Edwd. W. Cope.—Jan. 21, 1874.

[AS Fis Ge]

PROCEEDINGS of SOCIETIES.

West Riding Consolidated Naturalists’ Society—Members’ Book
for 1865; report; and list of members. [S. $.]
Barnsley Naturalists’ Society.—Rules; list of members, &c.—1873.
[The Society. ]
Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society.— Members’ Books, for 1873, for
1874, and for 1875.—contain lists of members and Books;
syllabus; and annual Report. [The Society. |
Wakefield Naturalists’ Society.—First and second annual reports,
for 1871 and 1872, (including rules and list of members.)
[The Society. |
Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical Society.—Proceed-
ings, No. 1, for 1869, and No. 2 for 1870. _ [The Society. ]
, Bury Natural History Society.—First Report from Jan. 1868 to
" Dec. 1871, &c., including Lists of the Plants, Insects, Birds,
and Animals of the district. [J.C. O.]
Liverpool Naturalists’ Field Club. — Proceedings for 1872-3.
[The Society. ]

The Fauna and Flora of the County of Cork.—1843.
[Richard Caulfield, LL.D., F.S.A., of Cork. ]
Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’ Society.—Transactions for 1870-
1871. [W. D. R.]

Contains inter alia, lists of the mammalia and reptiles of Norfolk.

MAGAZINES.
_ Science Gossip.—Vol. iv, 1868, and Vol. v, 1869. [W. D. R.]
_ Yorkshire Naturalists’ Recorder.—Vol. i, (all published).—Wake- S
4 field, July 1872 to August 1873. [purchased. }
_ The Naturalist, edited by C. P. Hobkirk and G. T. Porritt, F.L.S.
a of Huddersfield. The numbers of vol. i, commencing

August 1875. [purchased. |

32 CATALOGUE OF LIBRARY.

MISCELLANEOUS.
Carpenters The Microscope and its Revelations.—Fifth edition,
—1875. [F. W.]
Huddersfield: its history and natural history, by Chas. P. Hobkirk.
—-1859. [W..D. KJ

Contains Catalogues of the Fauna and Flora of the neighbourhood.
Descriptive Acccunt of the Antiquities in the grounds and in the
Museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, by the late

Rey. Charles Wellbeloved.— 5th edition, 1869. [W. D. R.]
Cruchley’s Railway and Station map of Yorkshire.—Natural scale
t~174,200th.— No date, but gives population from the cen-

sus Of 1861.—In four parts, each mounted, folded and

bound separately. [W. H. B.]

The SOCIETY’S MSS. BOOKS.

Minute-Books; Roll-Books; and a series of Scrap-Books, con-
taining copics of all circulars and newspaper-reports issued by or
relating to the Society, correspondence, abstracts of some of the
mcre Important papers read, reports on the fauna and flora of
yarious districts visited by the Society, and numerous interesting
and valuable communications.

+ oe

e268 fi Ps,
2 lt
(sx Os

(15 JUN 29 }

MATHIS

avertisement.

FEBRUARY, 1876 Vol. 1.

a

THE

CONTENTS
: PAGE.
RIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS
List of Shells from Heidelberg.—J. E. DANIEL 113

scriptions of some new species of Land and Freshwater Shells,
and remarks on other spécies found in Japan.— _
E. A. SmitH, F.Z.S. é : : 118

‘Helix Goodwinii, Swz7th. haha? s j 4 119
i Clausilia bilabrata, Smith, Pete : 2 120

ee LONDON:
TARDWICKE & BOGUE, 192, PICCADILLY, W.
_ Leeps: T. BARMBY, BooksELLER, BRIGGATE.

_ Brisrot: W.K. MANN, Granby House, Clifton. —

Annual Subscription, payable in advance, 2s 2d., Post Free. ,

‘om. unications for the Journal, Books for Review, and Advertisements,
to J. W Tayior, 9, Wade Street, Leeds, to whom ce Post-Office
=phould Weg made oe

1875-6.

THE LEEDS NATURALISTS’ CLUB AND
SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION.

THE SIXTH

ANNUAL REPORT

AND
PRESIDENT’S VALEDICTORY ADDRESS, &c.

oe ; RDO Y | . ete

| q :

|

1876-7. | |
LEEDS NATURALISTS’ CLUB AND |
_ SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. |
THE SEVENTH |

THE LEEDS

JRALISTS' CLUB

=

RAT

AND

SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION.

1876—1877.

<0

THE SEVENTH

“ANNUAL REPORT

PRESIDENTS VALEDICTORY ADDRESS,

ETC.

as S/T

¥ Leeds 5
i TAYLOR BROS., ST. ANN STREET.
1877.

ificers & Council.

ELECTED FEBRUARY 277u, 1877.

+o+r

President :
JAMES ABBOTT.
Dice Presidents :
JOHN GRASSHAM. | WILLIAM NELSON.
F. GREENWOOD, M.R.C.S.E. | WILLIAM HENRY TAYLOR.
Vice Presidents
WHO HAVE SERVED THE OFFICE OF PRESIDENT:

HENRY POCKLINGTON, F.R.M.S.
SAMUEL JEFFERSON, F.C.S.

Secretary :
WM. DENISON ROEBUCK,
9, Sunny Bank, Leeds.

Treasurer :
WILLIAM E. CLARKE.

Council :

GEORGE BRUNTON. | JAMES MALT.

WALTER HENRY HAY. | ARTHUR A. PEARSON.
BENJAMIN HOLGATE. | CHARLES SMETHURST.
$+ Ooo

Wibrarian : Curator
WALTER HENRY HAY, OF THE LOCAL CCLLECTICNS:

WILLIAM NELSON,

Be ee lee Bie edt ees: Freehold Street, York Road, Leeds.

Publication Committee:
The PRESIDENT. The SECRETARY.
F. GREENWOOD, ‘M.R.C.S.E. WILLIAM NELSON.
H. POCKLINGTON, F.R.M.S.

Representatives
To THE CouNciL oF THE YORKSHIRE NATURAL'STS’ UNION;

JOHN GRASSHAM. WALTER H. HAY. WILLIAM NELSON.
Wn. DENISON ROEBUCK, Sec. Y.N.U.

33
The Leeds Waturalists’ Elub and Scientific Association.

ween a

A-FIELD DAY AT ALDBOROUGH AND
BOROUGHBRIDGE.

By W. Denison Roebuck.

Encovracep by the success which attended the August Bank Holiday
Excursion to Riccall Common, in 1875, in concert with the Societies
at Goole and Hull, the council of the Leeds Naturalists’ Club and
Scientific Association determined to repeat the experiment. In
conjunction with the Richmond and North Riding Naturalists’ Field
Club, the Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society, and the York and
District Field Naturalists’ Society, and supported by numerous
members of other Naturalist Societies in the West Riding, an
excursion took place on Monday, the 7th of August, 1876.

The excursionists numbered over a hundred in all, and included a
number of the principal members of the Natural History Societies of
the West Riding, from Goole, Barnsley, Halifax, Bradford, Wakefield,
&e. The district embraced by the excursion included the Roman
station of Isurium, the woods at Copgrove, the watery dykes and
willowy “carrs” of Staveley, the “ Devil’s arrows” at Roecliffe, and
all the country around these places, and between them and Borough-

bridge; the whole district being within the drainage-basin of the _

river Ure (here not far from its junction with the Swale), and lying
entirely to the south of the river, and within the boundary of the
‘West Riding. In connection with the natural history, it may be
well to record that the York members having to wait two hours in

_ the morning at Knaresborough, some of the observations were made

in the Nidd Valley.
The forenoon was mainly devoted to the investigation of the

_ natural history of the district round Copgrove and Staveley, but on

a —

account of the unfavourable weather, and the great distance which

Some of the party had to travel, rendering the time at disposal very

limited in its duration, not much was done that is worth the record-
ing ; and the chief interest which attaches to the lists given at the

v

34 BOROUGHBRIDGE EXCURSION, AUG. 7, 1876.

end of this paper arises from the fact that the district is comparatively
virgin ground,

The members who visited Staveley were very courteously received |
by the Rev. Percival Hartley, Rector of Staveley, who showed them
over the church, and other objects of interest in the vicinity.

The first assemblage was at 1-30 p.m., at the church of Borough-
bridge, when the vicar, the Rev. R. D. Owen, M.A., showed the
remarkable ancient Norman stone carvings, relics of the old church,
preserved in the vestry of the newer edifice.

At 2-30 p.m. the members again assembled at the “ Devil’s
Arrows ”—three immense gritstone monoliths, 18, 223, and 21 feet
in height, standing in a line at distances of 129 and 361 feet from

each other. The most southerly one had ‘been excavated for the-

occasion, to show the depth to which it was imbedded in the soil, four
feet. Geologically speaking, these stones have been quarried in
Plompton grit, the uppermost member hereabouts of the millstone
grit series. Prof. Phillips says*:—‘‘ At Plompton great and lofty
cliffs of solid rock appear, such as may have yielded the Deyvil’s
Arrows, those massive monoliths of the British settlement which
preceded ancient Isurium.” Plompton is eight miles from Roecliffe,
but the same grit is seen in place at Lingerfield, about six miles off,
the nearest point at which the stone can have been obtained,

An address upon the “ Arrows” was delivered by the Rev. W. C.
Lukis, M.A., F.S.A., rector of Wath, near Ripon—so well known in
connection with the investigation of similar prehistoric remains in
Brittany. He did not support the hypothesis given in various guide
books as to their being Roman in their origin, remarking that it is not
at all flattering to that highly civilized people, of whose architectural
skill we have evidence in Isurium close by, to suppose that they
would condescend to imitate the rude barbaric art and customs of a
dark age. He pointed out that writers on prehistoric monuments
have been too apt to look upon ruins as perfect and typical examples,
and to forget the enormous amount of destruction to which all such
remains are subjected. Leland spoke of four of these pillars as
existing in his day, one of which was afterwards destroyed to build a
bridge over a stream in the vicinity, while the northern stone shows

* Quart. Journ. Geol, Soc., xxi, 235.

7

BOROUGHBRIDGE EXCURSION, AUG. 7, 1876. 35

at six feet above the ground wedge-holes, thus giving foundation for
the surmise that at one time its destruction had been contemplated.
Mr. Lukis then stated that in his opinion they were probably the
remains of a line of pillars similar to lines which exist at Shap, in
Westmoreland, in Devon and Cornwall, and also in South Brittany
and other countries. Where destruction has not been carried to so
great an extent as here, the plan can be discovered without much
difficulty. In these cases it is found that rude blocks of stone, of no
uniform size, have been set on end and formed into one line, or into
two or more nearly parallel lines, stretching away for several hundred
feet. These lines are generally oriented, but occasionally they run
from north to south. In support of this supposition, set forth for
the first time, Mr. Lukis pointed out that the position of the northern
stone seemed to confirm the idea. It is much wider than the others,
and its long axis is at right angles to the direction of the line. This
- exactly tallies with the systems of lines in South Brittany. There
the stones increase in size as they extend from what may be supposed
to have been the commencement of the lines to the other extremity,
at which is found a terminating circle; and there the enormous head-
stones of the lines have their long axes placed as in the case of the
“ Devil’s Arrows.” He therefore thought that the lines were
constructed upon the same system as in the other countries men-
: tioned, so that if a satisfactory explanation of the destination and
_ purpose of any one of these systems was obtained, it would probably
serve for all. That explanation, however, has yet to be ascertained,
_ so that even if we had before us a group in a condition of unquestion-
§ able perfection, we should still be seekers for its signification.
With regard to the antiquity of the monoliths, Mr. Lukis said that
nothing more can be said than that they were pre-Roman—very
Dindernit, as that statement is. It should not be forgotten that the
_ stones stand on ground in close proximity to an ancient British town,
which afterwards became the great Roman city of Isurium, retaining
its old name in a classic form. There may have been, and probably
_ were, other megalithic monuments in this vicinity at that time, which
during the long occupation of the Roman forces were converted into
building materials. It is not often that great stones like these stand
alone, without a number of other circumjacent monuments, telling of
a long and peaceful occupation of the soil, and when they do-exist we

vay

ay

2

"

36 _ BOROUGHBRIDGE EXCURSION, AUG. 7, 1876.

seem to be justified in conjecturing that the ground has been gradually
cleared by a succession of invading peoples whose customs and
manners greatly differed from those of the race who preceded them,
followed by those whose religious beliefs prompted them to eradicate
heathen superstition by demolishing the monuments which seemed to
them to favor and encourage it.

The party then proceeded to Aldborough—the “ British Pompeii”
—the Iseure of the Brigantes, the Isurium of the Romans. Where
the church now stands was a Roman crry—not a mere camp, and the
traces still to be seen, together with the numerous remains dug up
from time to time, and preserved on the spot for the inspection of
visitors, combine to render Aidborough the most interesting Roman
station in the kingdom. In the centre of Aldborough stands a lofty
antique cross, formed of eight fluted columns, united by a foliated
capital, dating from the thirteenth or fourteenth century, which
formerly stood in the market-place at Boroughbridge, and is supposed
to commemorate the battle in 1322, when De Bohun, Earl of
Hereford, was killed while defending the bridge over the Ure at
Boroughbridge, by a spear thrust through a crevice in the planking.

At Aldborough, the church was first visited, the party being
received there by the vicar, the Rey. R. W. Marriott, M.A., who
pointed out the various objects in and about the church with a
courtesy which was fully appreciated by his visitors. He first pointed
out a carved figure of Mercury, built into the outside of the vestry
wall, and which, supposed to be about 1500 years old, certainly dates
from the time of the Roman settlement in the district. The carving,
although it has not withstood the ravages of time, is still in a
tolerable state of preservation. Inside the church were shown two
ancient communion plates, which are supposed to have been made in
tbe eighth or ninth century ; an ancient carving in oak of Daniel in the
lion’s den, and a brazen effigy (bearing the name of Wills d’ Aldeburgh)
of a knight in plate armour, found in one of the pews in 1827.
Built into the wall of the church is a brass effigy, dated 1390, to one
of the Lords of Aldborough, and near it lies a family memorial stone
of the year 1475—these two dates corresponding with the original
erection and earliest restoration of the church. The parish register
dates as far back as the reign of Henry viii. (1538), and amongst

BOROUGHBRIDGE EXCURSION, AUG. 7, 1876. 37

other curious entries, contains one strongly abusive of Oliver Crom-
well. Another object of interest was a sort of gravestone in the church-
yard, on which was cut in relief the half-length figure of a female,
the hands being clasped upon the breast in an attitude of devotion.
Of this relic there are no records, but general conjecture tends to the
belief that it is of Anglo-Saxon origin.

After partaking of refreshment, kindly provided by the vicar of
Aldborough, a visit was paid to the grounds of Aldborough Manor,
‘and to the “ Museum Isurianum ;” permission to visit which had very
kindly been given by Andrew 8. Lawson, Esq., the Lord of the
Manor, and by his request the Rev. J. R. Lunn, B.D., vicar of
{ Marton-cum-Grafton, author of various papers on the churches of the
district, acted as cicerone during this part of the excursion.
Iy addition to ancient Samian ware, spoons, dice, and coins, from the
time of Nero to Maximus, the museum contains splendid specimens
of tesselated and: mosaic pavements, which formed the flooring of»
some of the apartments in one of the Roman mansions. Two payve-
ments in good and almost perfect condition were also to be seen in
the garden of the Aldborough Arms.
In the grounds of the Manor were seen portions of the boundary
walls of the Roman city, and the quarries which furnished the
building stone for the Romans.

Before leaving the Manor, the members were grouped together
with the “ Tower” and the ‘“ Museum Isurianum” in the background,
for the purpose of being photographed. This was very well done by

_ Mr. Joseph Bottomley, of 72, Market-street, Bradford; his success
being the greater as the group contained between 90 and 100 faces.

. Tea was served at the ‘“ Crown” and “Malt Shovel” Hotels,
_ Boroughbridge, preparatory to the return journey.

In addition to the clergymen and others mentiond, the excursionists
were during the day much indebted to the Rev. F. 8. Sykes, vicar of
Dunsforth, to Mr. J. W. Green, of Boroughbridge, and to Mr. T.
8. Turner, of York. It would be invidious to single out names from
_ among the members of the different Societies present, but it may
__ be mentioned that the following societies were represented by their
presidents :—Richmond (Mr. J. M. Bradley, J.P.); Leeds (Mr.
Samuel Jefferson, F.C.S.); Huddersfield (Mr. George T. Porritt,

|

4

38 BOROUGHBRIDGE EXCURSION, AUG. 7, 1876.

F.L.S.) ; Wakefield (Mr. Joseph Wainwright, F.L.S,, president also
of the West Riding Consolidated Naturalists’ Society) ; Barnsley
(Mr. Thomas Lister) ; and by other of their most active members.

In giving the following lists it must be remembered that almost
their only interest lies in the fact of the locality being almost virgin
ground, very little information on the subject of the fauna and flora
of the district being on record. In such cases it is necessary that
even common species should be enumerated, in giving a list for the
first time. The weather, although in good condition as far as regards
the physical comforts of the excursionists, was yet against any success
in the collection of insects, &c., and the necessarily limited amount of
time, combined with the large extent of country and the numerous
objects of archeological interest, rendered it very improbable that any
very large amount of natural history work could be accomplished.

Observations on the ornithology of the district were made by
Messrs. T. Lister and Wm. Talbot, of Wakefield, and other members,
Mr. Lister reporting that of summer migrants, the swallow, martin,
and swift were all most abundant, especially over the Ure at Borough-
bridge, and the Nidd at Knaresborough, while the sand or bank
martin, the willow warbler, redstart, and spotted flycatcher were
observed. Of resident birds were noticed the yellow-hammer,
common wren (the only birds that sang), thrush, blackbird, green-
finch, pied wagtail, rook, chaffinch, blue tit, great tit, spotted fly-
catcher, coot, partridge, long-tailed tit, ring-dove, kingfisher, golden-
crested wren, sparrow, robin, jackdaw, wild duck, skylark, and water
hen or moor hen—the totals being eight summer migrants and 23
resident birds.

Messrs. William Nelson and John W. Taylor, of Leeds, who were
the leaders of the conchological party, report that owing to the extent
of ground covered by the excursion, the necessarily limited time did
not allow of much close searching. The following species were seen
during the day by various members of the party :—In ponds at
Staveley, specimens of Bithynia tentaculata, Planorbis albus, P. contortus,
Physa fontinalis, Limnea peregra, L. palustris, and Ancylus lacustris were
obtained. From various other places in the vicinity examples of
Arion ater, Limax agrestis, Succinea putris, Vitrina pellucida, Zonites
cellarius, Z. alliarius, Z. nitidulus, Z. purus, Z. crystallinus, Helix

BOROUGHBRIDGE EXCURSION, AUG. 7, 1876. 39

aspersa, H. nemoralis, H. hortensis, H. Oantiana, H. rufescens, H. hispida,
H. caperata, H. rotundata, H. pulchella, Vertigo pygmea, Clausilia
rugosa, Cochlicopa tridens, O. lubrica, Achatina acicula, and Planorbis
nitidus, -

In entomology the specimens were collected by the Rev. G. P.
Harris, of Richmond, Messrs. G. T. Porritt, F.L.S., and §. D.
Bairstow, of Huddersfield, Messrs. W. Prest and W. Simmons of
York, and others, but owing partly to the want of time and partly to
the unfavourable weather, very little was done. One species, how-
ever, turned up which was new to the county of Yorkshire. This was
Zupithecia subciliata, which was first taken by Mr. Charles Smethurst,
of Leeds, who captured two specimens in Copgrove woods; other two

_ were taken by Mr. Jackson, and one by Mr. William Prest of York.
Mr. Prest stated that among the species observed were Pieris napi
(unusually large specimens), Liparis auriflua, Abraxas grossulariata,
Lipione apiciaria, Acidalia bisetata, Coremia unidentaria, Camptogramma
bilineata, Cidaria fulvata, Eubolia mensuraria, Goneptera libatrizx (larva),
Tryphena pronuba, Scopula lutealis, Crambus tristellus, C. culmellus,
Dictyopteryx Forsksleana, Argyrotoza Conwayana, Phoxopteryx Mitter-
bacheriana, and Pterophorus fuscodactylus. Mr. Grassham, of Leeds,
took a batch of larve of the buff-tip moth (Pygera bucephala).
None of these insects can be considered rare, and the list is a very
poor one.

Plants were collected by Mr. James Abbott of Leeds, Mr. Webster
of York, and others. Their lists included Ranunculus hederaceus,
Nymphea alba, and Nuphar lutea in pond at Staveley ; Stellaria
nemorum, Cerastium aquaticum, Hypericum perfoliatum, H. montanum,
Hippuris vulgaris, Myriophyllum spicatum, Lythrum Salicaria, Bryonia
diorca, Pimpinella Saxifraga, Sium angustifolium, Silaus pratensis, Myrrhis
odorata, Lonicera Xylosteum, Valeriana dioica, Hieracium vulgatum,
Eupatorium Cannabinum, Solidago Virgaurea, Senecio Erucifolius, Anthemis
arvensis, A. cotula, Campanula latifolia, Veronica Anagallis, Scrophularia
nodosa, Verbena officinalis (Scriven), Echiwm vulgare, Hottonia palustris,

Lysimachia vulgaris, Samolus Valerandi, Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus,
Rumex Hydrolapathum, Salix Smithiana? Lemna minor, Scirpus
lacustris, Oarex pendula, Glyceria aquatica, varieties of Lastrea filix-mas
and Hyuisetum maximum. The Leeds Society was also much indebted
to Mr. J. W. W. Brook, secretary of the Bradford Naturalists’

40 BOROUGHBRIDGE EXCURSION, AUG. 7, 1876.

Society, for information on the flora of the district at another season
of the year.

With regard to the geology of the district, Mr. Thomas Tate, of
Bradford, states that the district explored is bounded on the west by
a well-marked ridge of magnesian limestone, ranging from Knottingley,
through Knaresbro’, to Ripon, rising to an average height of between
200 to 800 feet above the sea. Passing through Knaresbro’ station,
the party obtained a lovely peep along the banks of the Nidd below
the castle ruins; the junction of the carboniferous grit with the over-
lying magnesian limestone being well in view.

Copgrove and Staveley are built upon the magnesian beds, but the
latter are completely hidden by the boulder clay save in two sections
exposed in the railway cutting.

Eastward of Staveley the limestone dips under, and is succeeded
by the lowermost member of the triassic series—the Bunter sand-
stone. Sections of this were seen in two quarries within the grounds
of Aldborough Manor, near the museum; one of which had supplied
the Romans with the building materials for Isurium. Another
section has been exposed in lowering the road near the junction of
the York and Tadcaster turnpikes, but here, as elsewhere, it is non-
fossiliferous. With these exceptions, the entire area is covered by a
thick deposit of boulder clay crowded with faintly ice-scratched
pebbles from a distance ; the granites and syenites of the lake district,
and the carboniferous limestone of the Pennine range being the most
abundant,

Reprinted from “ The Naturalist,” Oct. and Nov., 1876.

41

The Leeds Maturalists’ Club and Scientific Association.

THE

SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL:

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING, HELD
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 27th, 1877.

: The Council in presenting the 7th Annual Report of the state
of the Society’s affairs, have pleasure in congratulating the members
on the fact that in nearly every respect the year just closed has
been the most successful one the Society has enjoyed since the
date of its formation. There have not been such fluctuations in
the interest of and attendance at the meetings, as have been men-
tioned in previous reports, but on the contrary, the proceedings
have been marked throughout by steady and evenly-maintained
improvement.
As suggested in the last Report, the influence upon this Society
; of the Yorkshire Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures—though
prejudicial to the actual attendance of the year in which the Exhi-
bition was held—has been, upon the whole, of a beneficial nature,
and the year just closed has shown by the improvement reported
that the opinion of the former Council was justified.

MEMBERS.

_ The year commenced with a list of 105 members, the same num-
ber with which the previous year had commenced.

At the beginning of the year the Council took into consideration
_ the advisability of largely increasing the membership; they felt that
a considerable number of persons in Leeds, being interested in the
objects of the Society, only needed that its claims should be placed
before them in order to induce them at once to support it by en-
tolling their names. The result has been what was anticipated by -
_ the Council, and as the consequence of their action, aided by that
_ Of individual members, sixty names have been added to the roll by

42 SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT.

election.

_ On. the other hand, the Society has lost 2 members by death, one
of them, Mr. G. W. Newton, being one of the founders and in the
Society’s early years a member of the Council; and the other, Mr.
Wm. Reynolds, a new member, dying within three months of his
election. The names of 13 other members have been removed
from the rolls by resignation and other causes.

The total membership of the Society now stands at 152, inclu-
ding 4 members whose subscriptions are in arrear.

The census of the Society for the beginning and end of the year
stands as. follows :—

1876 1877
fo) I Life Member.
5 13 Honorary Members.
99 83 Original Members.
I 35 New Ordinary Members.
fe) 20 Non-resident Members.
105 152 Totals.

During the year Mr. Fairfax Wooler, an original member, was
elected a Life Member, in recognition of his gifts towards the
Library.

MEETINGS.

During the year 36 evening meetings have been held, with an
average attendance of 20, as against 16 in the Yorkshire Exhibition
year and 20 in the previous year.

Twenty meetings have been devoted to the exhibition of speci-
mens and conversation, with an average attendance of 18.

At 16 of the meetings papers were read, and the average attend-
ance was 22)4.

One of the papers read, that on “The reasoning powers of Cater-
pillars,” by Mr. S. Everard Woods, has since been published in
extenso in the “Naturalist” for February 1877.

The state of the attendance at the Lecture meetings still deserves
the consideration of the members, and the Council are of opinion
that the average attendance at such meetings is far too low.

A list of the papers read during the year is appended to this
report.

EXCURSIONS.
The Excursions during the year, with one exception, were

SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 43

those arranged for by the West Riding Consolidated Naturalists’
Society; and the Leeds Society was represented at every one of the
seven which constituted the series.

In addition to this series, a very successful one was held on
Bank Holiday Monday, the 7th of August, in conjunction with So-
cieties at Richmond, York, and Huddersfield, the locality being the
neighbourhood of Aldborough and Boroughbridge.

A full report of this Excursion was published in the “Naturalist”
for October and November, 1876. A reprint willbe issued to the
members with the present report.

WEST RIDING CONSOLIDATED NATURALISTS’ SOCIETY. *

During the year the Society has maintained its connection
with the West Riding Consolidated Naturalists’ Society, and has
been represented at all the meetings.

Important changes have been made in the constitution of the
West Riding Society with a view of placing on permanent record
the observations made at the meetings and by the members. A
council of delegates has been appointed for the
management of affairs, and in future itis intended to divide the
meetings into Sections, upon the plan of the British Association.
It is also intended to publish reports and papers bearing upon the
Natural History of the county. It is however evident that to carry
out the plans as projected the present income is entirely inadequate.
It is therefore intended to supplement the present income of 1d. per
member, by inviting members to subscribe additional sums, in order
that the work of the W. R. C. N.S. may not be crippled by finan-
cial inability to carry out the investigation of the natural history of
this county.

The assistance of the members of this Society in this direction
is not only desirable but urgently needed.

LOCAL COLLECTIONS.

On the 23rd of May Mr. Wm. Nelson read a paper “On the de-
sirability of our forming local collections,” in which he advocated
that the Society should take steps for the acquisition of specimens
of the animals and plants of the county of York. Subsequently
Mr. Nelson’s suggestions were adopted by the Council, and at their

* Subsequently to the reading of this Report, the name of the West Riding
Consolidated Naturalists’ Society has been changed to that of ‘‘ Yorkshire
Naturalists’ Union.”

44 SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT,

request he kindly undertook the office of Curator. A number or
specimens have been presented by various members, and it is to be
hoped that during the next season special attention will be paid by
the members to this department of the Society’s work.

LIBRARY,

The Librarian reports that a few Books of value and interest, as
well as a number of Reports, received from other Societies in ex-
change for our own, have been presented to the Library during the
year; and that the members have made good use of the books
available for circulation.

A list of additions to the Library is appended to this Report.

FINANCES.

The financial Statement, as prepared by the Treasurer, which is
appended to this Report, shows a balance in favor of the Society

of £4 7s. 10d.

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The Heeds Haturalists’ Club and
Scientific Association,

1876—7.

Pies eOor PAPERS

READ DURING THE SESSION.

_—

Samuel Jefferson, F.C.S., President’s Inaugural Address: on ‘* The
Domain of Science.”

Edward Thompson, on ‘‘A year’s Science.”
James Irwin Coates, F.R.A.S., on ‘The Roman Wall.” _

William Nelson, on ‘‘The Desirability of our forming Local
Collections.”

Thomas Hick, B.A., B.Sc., on ‘‘ Protococcus pluvialis.”
Henry Pocklington, F.R.M.S., on ‘‘Color.”
Samuel Jefferson, F.C.S., on ‘*‘ Rotifers.”

Thomas Fairley, F.R.S.E., F.C.S., on ‘*The New Theory in
Chemistry. ”

Benjamin Holgate, on ‘‘ Limestone Formations.”
Thomas Hick, B.A., B.Sc., on ‘‘ Mushrooms.”

Edwd. Atkinson, F.L.S., F.Z.S., on ‘‘The Fauna and Flora of
Lebanon and lower Syria, considered in connection with their
climatal conditions.”

S. Everard Woods, on ‘‘ The reasoning powers of Caterpillers,”
W. Percy Sladen, F.L.S., F.G.S., ‘‘ Concerning Echini.”

John Garbutt, F.R.A.S., on ‘ The Moon’s Motion and its relation
to the Tides.”

John Holmes Walker, on ‘‘ The Two Electrical Theories.”
Frank Curzon, on ‘‘ The Scientific Bases of Physiognomy.”

—_e*

47
VALEDICTORY ADDRESS
DELIVERED BY THE RETIRING PRESIDENT,
SAMUEL JEFFERSON, F.CS.,

AT THE SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING,
FEBRUARY 27th, 1877.

Gentlemen, :

In retiring from the honorable post in connection with this
Society, to which a year ago you were good enough to elect me,
it now falls to my lot to occupy your attention for a short time
upon various topics in connection with our pursuits.

_ And first permit me to congratulate you upon the Report which
has just been read. That report is one to which Iam sure we
must all have listened with unmixed satisfaction. Whether we
view it from the mere stand-point of numbers, the very large
increase recorded being one index of our progress ; or if we look
not merely at the increment of enrolled members, but notice the
regular and steady attendance at the meetings; or if again we
view the year’s work with reference to the character of the papers
read, we find ample ground for congratulation. You will all join ~
_ with me in recognizing that the success of the past year is due in

avery great measure to the unwearied energy of our Honorary

Secretary. Before occupying the post which I now resign into
_the hands of our new president, I was strongly impressed with

the extent to which we are indebted to Mr. Roebuck for his
indefatigable prosecution of his duties. Closer acquaintance
during the past year has greatly strengthened my recognition of
the fact, and I feel that when it thus falls to my lot to speak of
our favorable condition, I should be wanting in duty if I omitted
to-express our gratitude to our Honorary Secretary.

In reviewing our work for the past year the mind naturally first
turns to the papers which have been read. Some of these,
especially the one read by Mr. Coates on the “Roman Wall” and
that by Mr. Sladen on the Echinodermata, were illustrated by very
fine sets of diagrams ; these were greatly appreciated by the mem-
_ bers who were present. It was very evident that these gentlemen
were thoroughly in love with their respective subjects and so easily
‘contrived by their enthusiasm to awaken a deep interest in their
listeners. A previous president, Mr. Hick, favored the Association
with two very valuable papers, upon the c Protococcus pluvialis”

48 S. JEFFERSON’S VALEDICTORY ADDRESS.

and upon “ Mushrooms.” The one upon edible fungi was illus-
trated by numerous examples of the various species which the
lecturer brought fom the rural district in which he now fortunately
finds himself surrounded by so many objects of interest to the
lovers of nature. His clear account of the lower form of vegeta-
tion, which he gave us in his earlier paper. will not readily be
forgotten by those of us who heard it. A paper on “ Color,” by
Mr. Pocklington, the gentleman who immediately preceded me
in the office I now quit, was one which evidenced his thorough
acquaintance with his topic and proved of great interest. Another
paper which gave evidence of much original work was read by our
Borough Analyst, Mr. Fairley. It contained some facts which
have been embodied in a Jong and able article in the Journal of
the Chemical Society, and which I have heard recognized in pub-
lic by a very eminent writer and lecturer, as the most important
addition to Thermo-Chemistry which has appeared for many years.

On the 23rd of May, a paper (which we hope will bear important
fruits in the future) was read by Mr. William Nelson, the subject
being the desirability of our forming local collections. As an
outcome of that we have already what we hope will be the nucleus
of a goodly gathering of strictly local examples. One paper on
“Prehistoric Man” unfortunately has not yet been read, but we
trust the gentleman who undertook to honor the Society by the
results of his study of this subject will be able during this session
to give it.

Those who were present when Mr. S. Everard Woods read his
p2per upon the ‘‘ Reasoning Powers of Caterpillars” will remember
how satisfactorily the subject was treated and will be glad to notice
that it is published in the “Vatura/ist” for February. 1877.

Other very valuable papers have been read, but one can scarcely
be expected to enumerate all.

The alternate nights for exhibition of specimens and conversation
have also been a marked improvement. Certain members have
taken upon themselves, that on definite nights they would bring
objects upon which the meeting might fall back in the event
of the ord'nary source falling short. The result has been that
members have always found the table well supplied with objects of
interest and one may safely say these conversational meetings have
been of unflagging interest.

Our conchological friends have shown splendid series of shells.
I do not refer to the excellency or brilliancy of the nacreous lustre,
nor to the size or forms of shells, buz to the goodness of the
examples as illustrating the various genera and species. One most

_interesting example was brought before us by Mr. W. E, Claike,

S. JEFFERSON'S VALEDICTORY ADDRESS.
4

thé Crprea Europea from the Ferne Islands. This is the only
specimen of the cowry genus found in England, though the species
are abundant in the tropics.

Those who were present when Mr. F. Greenwood exhibited
the series of beautifui dissections of the common black slug
(Arion ater) will not readily forget how magnificently all the
details of the muscular, nervous and vascular tissues were brought
out. Coupled with full and clear explanations kindly given by the
exhibitor, these cbjects were not only full of beauty but most
instructive.

In entomology, Mr. Grassham and others have contributed
very many specimens. Quite a windfall befell this section in the
flight of locusts to which cur attention has been drawn during the
last year.

The ornithologists have also contributed their share. Mr.
W. H. Hay excited great satisfaction by the series of the eggs of
twenty-seven species of birds, all of which had been collected by
himself within a radius of about a dozen miles from this town.

Among other interesting local gatherings was one by Mr. E. E,
Prince, who brought three members of that species of the newt
family known as Lophinus palmatus. This diffeis from the com-
mon newt in the fact that its hind feet are webbed or palmated.
It is believed that this is the first recognition of its occurrence in
this locality.

We must not forget the very lively dormouse which Mr. Grass-
ham captured in the Meanwood valley, and which was exh.bited
last May. Members will not forget that a former exhibition of
the same creature from the same neighborhood was made a year
or two ago by the Rev. J. Hanson.

In botany Mr. F. Amold Lees has contributed again and again
objects of interest. Among others the Cypripedium Calceolus, the
extremely rare “‘lady’s slipper” orchid from Durham. Also from
Upper Teesdale Cystoptert: alpina, the Alpine bladder fern, which
Mr. Backhouse, junr, first showed to be a native of Britain in
1873. From the N.W. of Thorparch he also exhibited Anthemis
tinctoria and Alyssum incanum, neither of which had before been
- discovered in Yorkshire. Mr. Scholefield has also fiom time to
time brought interesting plants, as other members have likewise
_ done.

In geology and mineralogy various members have from time to

time supplied the tables with examples. Mr. G. A. Kennedy
brought a fine example of the fossil tooth of Ahizodus Hiberti, a
ganoid fish from the upper coal measures,

50 Ss. JEFFERSON’S VALEDICTORY ADDRESS.

Mr. Thomas Rees, of Whitwood, exhibited specimens of stone
coal from Normanton which were very thickly intercalated with
shells,

Mr. Bothamley has also from time to time brought samples of
minerals which have proved of interest.

But in addition to our papers and exhibitions let us not pass
over our excursions. These have been all held in connection
with the W. R. C.N.S. They will be found particularized in our
report. but one cannot refrain from pointing out how important a
part this is of our work, and it is very desirable that we should
impress upon ourselves the necessity of attending these whenever
practicable.

It is believed that in the future there is for this Yorkshire
Union of Naturalists a bright prospect of continued and in-
creased success. Let us, as a society, assist those who are en-
deavoring to make the united efforts of the various clubs even
more successful than heretofore.

On July 29th the members were invited to join the Bradford
Scientific Association in an excursion to Victoria Cave. The
speaker can assure those who failed to avail themselves of the
invitation that they missed a most profitable day’s work. I trust
that Mr. Tate, who so efficiently conducted that excursion, may be
persuaded to lead one this coming year and that our members
will then muster in strong force.

Turning fom our own practical work to that which has awakened
interest in the general scientific world, we have had the return of
the Arctic Expedition, the Challenger, and Commander Cameron.

The first left our shores on May 29th, 1875, and consisted of the ©

Alert, the Discovery and the Valorous. The two first: under
Nares and Stephenson wintered very far North, and the sledge
travelling under Captain Markham proved extremely arduous
work. Let us not forget that the last named officer, who planted
the English flag at the highest latitude ever yet reached, is a
Yorkshireman.

The Challenger has gathered rich fruits in her long and
laborious voyage. The deepest soundings of any which have been
obtained since reliable methods have been adopted, have been
found on the western edge of the Pacific. The Challenger found
between the Carolina and | adrones a depth of 27,450 feet, nearly
equal to that obtained by the ‘Tuscarora previously off the Japan
‘Coast, which was 27,930 feet. From this great depth the beau-
tiful silicious shells of the Radiolaria were brought up by the

a

———————

S, JEFFERSON’S VALEDICTORY ADDRESS. or

sounding tube. In the early part of her voyage she supplemented
the information on the Globigerina ooze which had been yielded
by the soundings for the Atlantic cable. It was determined that
although at a depth of 12,000 feet these shells are abundant and
in beautiful preservation, yet when a depth of 15,000 feet is at-
tained no shells are found at all.

During 1873 she crossed and recrossed the Atlantic four times,
making in this ocean alone over 130 soundings, and so accumu-
lating a vast array of facts as to the nature of the sea bottom, the
temperature at various depths, the density and constitution of the
waters, and adding largely to our knowledge of the varied forms of
life tenanting the ocean. Continuing her voyage past the Cape
she examined the south part of the Indian Ocean, touching at
Australia and New Zealand, she then made her way to Japan,
thence to the Sandwich Islands, south to the Society Islands,
and thence to Valparaiso. Now returning home she reached
England during May, 1876, just at the commencement of our
sessional year. It would be out of place for me to touch more
fully on this important subject, for I take it we all have access to
full accounts of this expedition.

I cannot but thank the members of the society for the kind
support at all times given to the President’s chair, and in looking
back must recognize that the harmonious working of the past
year is due, to no slight extent, to the spirit which ‘has animated
us, one and all, to do our best forthe society and to further its
objects.

I am sensible I have often been away, but let me assure you
that it has been from professional work which has pressed upon
me with no slight weight; and I really fear that in future that
cause Will debar me from sharing in your work so fully as I should
wish.

We all look forward to the coming year, when we remember
the thorough love of science which animates our future President.
To this society it is useless to dwell upon the varied branches
in which Mr. Abbott is so proficient, and to whose study he is
devoted.

Wishing him as pleasant a year as that which has fallen to my
lot, and with best wishes for the continued success of our society,
I now, again thanking you, yield the post to our new President.

—+- *

Che Leeds Aaturalists’ Club and
Scientific Association.

iS hoe MEMD ERS:

27th FEBRUARY, 1877.

Explanation of Signs prefixed to Names.

HONORARY MEMBERS, paying not less than Ios. 6d. per annum.
Non-RESIDENT MEMBERS, paying 2s. 6d, per annum.

ORIGINAL MEMBERS, elected before the Ist December, 1875, and paying
4s. per annum.

All names unmarked are those of NEw ORDINARY MEMBERS, paying 55.

ae

per annum,

OO ———————

Abbott, James, 745, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds. April, 1870
Agate, Rev. Dendy, B.A., Stourton Grange Hunslet. Aug. 22,1876
Allison, R. R., Hawthorne place, New Wortley. June 30, 1874
Armistead, Joseph John, Chapel-Allerton, Leeds. May 9, 1876
Armistead, William, Pudsey, near Leeds. sep AUS eco
Atkinson, Edward, M.R.C.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Hon. Curator in
Zoology to the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society,
Eldon House, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, April 25, 1876
Atkinson, John Thomas, F.G.S., F.R.M.S., President of the
Selby Naturalists’ Society, the Quay, Selby.
Oct. 14, 1873. Sep.’ 12, 1876
Atkinson, R. M., 6, Hunslet Road, Leeds. ... May 13, 1873
Bailey, Benjamin, 76, Dewsbury Road, Leeds. April 25, 1876
Bainbridge. Fredk., z, George Villas, Harrogate. Aug. 22, 1876
Bairstow, S. D., Woodland Mount, Huddersfield. Oct. 17, 1876
Barran, J., M.P., Chapel-Allerton Hall, nr. Leeds. Oct. 10, 1876
Bedford, James, Sycamore Lodge, Woodhouse. June 30, 1874
Bedford, James E., Sycamore Lodge, Woodhouse. June 11, 1872
Beer, John T., F.R.S.Lit., F.S.A.Scot., President of the Leeds
University Extension Union, Threapland House, Fulneck,
near Leeds. Z ae Sept. 200573
Benn, Thos., St. James’ Place, Sunny Bank, Leeds. Det ayia s
Berry, Thomas, 37. Hor “rocks Terrace, South Accommodation
Road, Hunslet, near Leeds, ... ... March to; 1874
Beswick, T. Stodart, 42, Leighton Lane, Leeds. Dec. 2, 1873

*
x
x
x

LIST OF MEMBERS, FEB. 1877. Ba

Birchall, Edwin, F.L.S., Woodside, Douglas, Isle of Man.
Dec..2, 1871. Oct.,3, 1876
Bothamley,C.H.,27, Cobden Place, C: laypitLn. Leeds. May 9,1876
Broadhead, W. H., Whitelock Street, Leeds. June 27, 1876
Brodie, James, Elland Road, Leeds. ... wh Feb. 1870

Brook, George, ter., Secretary Yorkshire Naturalists Union ;
Secretary of the Huddersfield Scientijic Club, Fernbrook,
Edgerton, Huddersfield, ae cise Nov. 7, 1876

Brunton, George, 2, Portland Crescent, Leeds, Jan. 20,1874

Calvert, John T., Vice-President of the Keighley Naturatists’
Soctety, 64, Low Sireet, Keighley. ... Sep. 15, 1875

Carter, Godfrey, 26, Park Square, Leeds. ... May 2, 1876

Cheesman, William Norwood, Secretary to the Selby Naturalists’
Society, The Crescent, Selby. ... vf. Decrrey ne 76

Cheetham, Hy. C., G.N.R. Co., Leeds. .... April 30, 1872

Cheetham, W., 1% nodbottom Cottage, Horsforth. Dec. 19, 1876 ©
Clarke, William, 20, De Grey Road, Leeds. ... June 30, 1874
Clarke, W.E.., 3; "East View, Hyde Park Road, Leeits. Ap.2, 1872
Coates, Frederick, Croft terrace, Farnley, Leeds. Jan. 27, 1874
Coates, J. Irwin, F.RAS,, Southend, Headingley. Feb. 23, 1875
Crowther, Henry, Assistant Curator in the Museum of the Leeds
Philosophical and Literary Society ; Assistant Secretary of
the West Riding Geological and Polytechnic Soctety ; Secre-
tary of the Leeds Conchological Club; Secretary of the
Conchological Section of the Yorkshire Naturalis ts’ Union;
43, North SCRE: LCLUSS oon ote ay) vay. @) 1876
Cull, G. R., 59, Hunslet Lane, Leeds. We Jan. 30, 1877
Curzon, Frank, Agent &» Lecturer, Yorkshire Union of Mechanics
Institutes, 13, Carnaby St., Fenton St., Leeds. April 11, 1876
Dawson, George, 74, Howard Street, Carlisle. July 18, 1876.
Dawson, Thomas, President of the Levds Mechanics Institution,
I03, Caledonian Road, Leeds. rie June 18, 1872
Dayson, J. O., Secretary, Mechanics? Lnstitution. June 18, 1872
Dean, William., z, Bowling Green Place, Marshall Street,
Holbeck, Leeds. a Feb. 2, 1875
Denison, Wm., 7, Industrial Place, Beckett Street. Oct. 13, 1874
Denny, Thos. Geo., Oxford Street, "Leeds. Apl. 1870. July 4, 1876
Dixon, John, Zhe General Lnfirmary, Leeds. Oct. 11, 1870
Dixon, John Wm., 5 Cavendish Road, Leeds. June 18, 1872
Dobson, George, 94, St. James’ Street, Leeds. Aug. 17, 1873
Dolby, Ernest, 4, Fallowfield Terrace, Leeds. Apl. 11, 1876
Douglas, J. A.,- Secretary to the Bradford Scientific Association,
23, Bentley Street, Bradford. ... Sic July 4, 1876
Ellison, Jas. Edward, zo, De Grey Road, Leeds. Jan. 20, 1874

54

x

* x

x xX xX x xX

oe x 1 x

LIST OF MEMBERS, FEB, 1877.

Emery, J.S., 22, Victoria Terrace, St. John’s Hill. Apl. 21, 1875
Emsley, Frederick, 75, West Street, Leeds. ... Jan. 20, 1874
Fairley, Thos., F.R.S.E., F.C.S., Public Analyst to the Borough

of Leeds, 8, Newton Gr ove, New Leeds. Feb. 23, 1875
Fletcher, Thos., ‘St. Pautl’s Schools, Saville Street. Ap\. 21, 1875
Ford, John Raw linson, Adel Grange, ur. Leeds. June 27,1876
Fox, Tas., C.E., Horsforth; & 22a Albion St., Leeds. Oct.10,1876
Garbutt, J., 75a, Victoria place, Camp Road, Leeds. July 8,1873
Gascoigne, Joseph, Zown Councillor, Hope Terrace, Dewsbury

Road, Leeds. ‘ se March 2551073
Giles, George Charles, 78, York Road, Leeds. Noy. 21, 1876
Gilston, Peter, -} Voodhouse Fill, Hunslet. ve , Sune ares 72

Goodall, Charles, Francis Street, New Leeds..:. _Dec. 15, 1874
Grassham, John, zz, JZeanwood Street, Leeds. May 7, 1872
Grassham, Thos., go, Chad Street, Newtown. Apl. 22, 1873
Greenwood, Frederick, M.R.C.S.E., Resident Curator, Leeds

School of Medicine... £5 Apl. 8, 1873
Gregson, Robert, g, Spencer Terrace, New Leeds. June 27, 1876
Haigh, Frederick, 4, Grosvenor Place, Leeds. Apl. 30, 1872
Hainsworth, George, 737, Burley Road, Leeds. Nov.147, 1874
Hardisty, roi 53, Kensington Terrace, Hyde Park, Feb. 2, 1875
Harpham, Thomas, zo, Strattan Street, Leeds. Apl. 25, 1876
Hay; W, £2 Elmwood Place, Camp Road, Apl. 23, 1872
Hebden, Joseph, Bridge Street, Wakefield. Apl. 11, 1876
Helm, S., F-R.M.S., 3; Louis St., Mew Leeds. June g, 1874
Hewetson, Henry, 9, West Park Terrace, Falsgrave, Scar-

borough. 3: : Dec. 2, 1871: June 27, 1876
Hewetson, H. Bendelack, Hanover Square, Leeds. June 13, 1376
Hick, Thomas, B.A., B. Sc. (Lond. ) Oatlands Villa, Leeds

Road, Harrogate. ee a Dec. 2, 1871
Hindle, J. E., Horsforth, near Leeds. ae .. April 1870
Hobkirk, Chas. P., President of the Huddersfield Sctentific Club,

President of the Huddersfield Literary and Scientific Society ;

West Riding Union Bank, Huddersfield. ... Jan. 23, 1877
Holgate, Benjn., 3, Atkinson Street, Hunsiet. Apl. 8, 1873
Holmes, John, Holmville, Methley, near Leeds. Feb. 23, 1875
Howgate, William, 749, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds. Apl. 11, 1876
Huggon, Wm., F.C.S., 50, Springfield Place, Leeds. May 23,1876
Jefferson, R. P. ,147, Meadow Lane, Leeds. Aug. 12, 1873 ©
Jefferson, S., F. C S., 77, Virginta Road, Leeds. April 2, 1872
Kennedy, George A., Low Nook, Ambleside. April 11, 1876
Kirkby, William, 57, ” Hunslet Road, Leeds. ... June 10, 1873
Knowles, ss 93, Tennyson Place, Bradford. Bas 21,1875

LIST OF MEMBERS, FEB. 1877. |. 55

Lees,.. Frederick Arnold, F.L.S.,. Recorder to the Botanical
Locality Record Club, Queen Street, Market-Rasen,
Lincolnshire, ... ie Sep. 26, 1876

\x Lobley, William, 78, Brunswick Strect, Braden April, 1871

.x Loe, JamessS., MRC. S., L.S.A., WoodhouseLane. June 18,1872

. x Lupton, Henry, Zxe Elms, Chapel Allerton. Dec. 2, 1873
._.x Malt, James, 2, Hainsworth’s eee Clyde Street, ew
Wortley, ‘Leeds, ae os June 2, 1874

-_. = Mann, Arthur W., Scarcroft, Thorner, near Leeds, July 23, 1876
, x Miall, Louis C., E. G.S., Curator of the Museum of the Leeds

B, Philosophical and Literary Soctety ; Professor of Biology
at the Yorkshire College, Belle Vue Rd., Leeds. Ap\.8, 1873
Milestone, Robert, 59 & 67, Last St., Leeds. Nov. 24, 1874

=e

3 Monckman, J., B.Sc., 397, Manor Row, Bradford. Dec. 19, 1876
= Moore, Edwd. Albert, Zion Board School, New Wortley, Leeds.
4 Jan. 30, 1877
» x Morant, Alfred Wm., Assoc.Inst.C.E., F.S.A., F.G.S., Leeds
‘ . Borough Engineer, SIs Virginia Road. Aug. 17, 1873
Murdoch, James R. , Horsforth, and 23, Park Row, Leeds.
Dec. 19, 1876
Marior, Thomas, 77. Suspension Bridge, Hunslet, Oct. 31, 1876
x Nelson, William, President of the Leeds Conchological Club ;
President. of the Conchological Section of the Yorkshire
Naturalists Unton ; Assoctate-Editor of the Quarterly
Fournal of Conchology ; Freehold St., Leeds. Sep. 23, 1873
_Nevitt, John George, Chapel Allerton, Leeds. Apl. 11, 1876
Nicholls, D., 78, Woodbine Place, Little Woodhouse. July 2,1872
Nicholls, Joseph Lister, 75, Woodbine Place, Little Wood-
house, TICES NAS wae Oct. 1, 1872
Nield, W.J., Hon: Sec. Leeds Mechanics Institution. Aug.20,1872
Parsons, Henry Franklin, M.D., (Lond.), Honorary Secretary
of the Goole Scientific Society > Secretary of the Botanical
_ Section Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union ; Goole. Feb. 2, 1876
Patchett, Isaac, F.C.S., Birstal, near Leeds. Feb. 2, 1876
Pearce, John, 23, Commercial Street, Leeds. Dec. 15, 1875
Pearson, A. A.,.44¢ G46, Queen’s Plaée, Camp Rd. July 22, 1873
Peat, Samuel Sis 97, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds. May 9, 1876

—

Pick, ‘Richard, Bond Street, Leeds. s38 Sep. 26, 1876
Pickles, James, Woodhouse "Hill, Hunslet, and 13, Vi Varehouse
fill, Call Lane, Leeds. ae ae Dee erste

Pocklington, C., Green Lane, Baildon, nr Shipley. Sep. 2,1874
Pocklington, H., F.R.M.S., Cedar Grove, Armley. Sep. 29,1873
Pollard, H. , Philosophical Hail, Park Row, Leeds. July 11,1876
Price, Wim. N icholson, 7, East Parade, Leeds. June 13, 1876

56

.

x XX *

x xX

LIST OF MEMBERS, FEB. 1877.

Prince, E. E., 2, Willow Grove Road, Leeds. July 15, 1873
Prince, G. A.,2, Wiliow Grove Road, Leeds. April 28, 1874
Rees, Thomas, Ay. Briggs, Son & Co.’s Colltertes, Whitwood,

via Normanton. ze ate June 2; 1874
Reynolds, Richard, F.C.S., Honorar y Seer dary of the Vorkshire

College, and of the ” Leeds Philosophical and Literary

Society ; Cliff Lodge, Hyde Park, Leeds. May 16,1876
Richardson, Walter W., Wecetwood, nr. Leeds. Feb. 17, 1874
Rider, Charles, Zia Edwin Road, Hyde Park Rd. May 30, 1876
Roebuck, Wm, Denison, Secretary of the Yorkshire Naturalists’

Union, 9, Sunny Bank T: errace, Leeds.. April 19, 1870
Rowley, Walter, C.E., F.G.S., South Afilford; and 74,

Albion Street, Leeds. a Pec 2-4 Maye, 1376
Sands, W. H. , Cunliffe House, Esholt, nr. Leeds, Feb, 10, 1874
Saynor, Benjamin, 4 Kelham Strei Accommodation Road,

LCA sa : Nov. 7, 1846
Scattergood, Thomas, “YL, Park SG yuave: Le reds, April 25, 1876
Scholefield, Samuel, 16, Belgrave Street, Leeds. Apyil 21, 1875
Smethurst, Charles, 25, Chatham Street, West St.Feb. 2 5, 1873
Smith, Samuel, Colton, near Leeds; and Leeds Public

‘Libraries, --. sep. 26, 1876
Somers, Francis, 2, Fountaine “Terrace, Lovell St. May 30, 876
Spence, C.S., zo, Cromer Terrace, Armley. Jan. 30, 1877

Pate, 7k. Rushton Villa, 7) hornbury, nr. Bradford, Ap. 28, 1874
Taylor, John, Rockingham Street, Leeds. ... June 18, 1872
Taylor, JohnW., Editor of The Quarterly Journal of C onchology,
Leopold Square, New Leeds... ee April 19, 1870
Taylor, Wm. Hy., Burlington St, ‘Sunny Bank. Apl. 30, 1872
Teale, Thomas Pridgin, M.A., M. B. (Cantab.), F.R.C.S., AZem-
ber of the Gener al Medical Council ; 38, Cookridge ’ Street,

Leeds. 2, Reba 1875
Teasdale, Washington, ' Rosehus ‘st, Heading gley. April, 1870
Tempest, F., Springfield Mills, Mor LOY ss, ects > EL sbG hoy ©

Thompson, Edward, 72, Lofthouse Place, Leeds. May 7, 1872
Thrippleton, J., 2, Zvaline Terrace, Burley Fields, April, 1870
Todd, William, 2, Blundell Place, Leeds. ... Dec. 2, 1871
Turner, W. B., 22, Worthjield Square, Lovell Road. July 4, 1876
Vevers, Wm., Brendon Villas, Chapeltown Rd. April 28, 1874
Walker, Henry, Ashwood Villas, Headingley. Oct. 27, 1875
Walker, John, Willow Grove House, Leeds. ... Oct. 7, 1873
Walker, J. Holmes, Chapeltown, Pudsey; and 16, Kirkgate,

Bradford... att Sep. 9, 1873
Ward, Geo.,F.C. Se Zi Buckingham Ti er. Heading ley. May14,1872
Watson, William 5 C ‘ossbeck, *Tihley. oe June 10, 1873

LIST OF MEMBERS, FEB. 1877. 57

Westmoreland, Jas. Wm.,A.R.S.M., Bowling Iron Works, Brad-
ford ; and Belle Isle Road, Hunslet, Leeds. May 9, 1876

x Wood, William, 55, Clapham Road, Headingley. Dec. 10, 1872
Wood, William Atkinson, &z, Church st., Hunslet. Dec.15,1875
Woods, S. Everard, 164, Dewsbury Road, Leeds. Oct. 10, 1876 .
x Yewdall, Edwin, 58 Wade Lane, Leeds. ... April 8, 1873

LIFE MEMBER.
Wooler, Fairfax, 45, Cemetery Road, Beeston Fiill. March 3,1874

All members included in this list will be eligible for any office
in the Society at the next Annual Meeting, to be held on the last
Tuesday in February, 1878, unless disqualified in the meantime

by withdrawal, resignation, or other cause.

58
ADDITIONS TO. THE LIBRARY
DURING 1876—7.

The names of donors are indicated by initials within square brackets. [ ].

Key to the initials:—Mr. James Abbott [J. A.]; Mr. W, H. Broadhead
[W. H. B.];_ Professor A. Hl. Green, M.A., F.G.S. (A. H.G.]; Mr. John
Grassham [J.G.]; Mr. Henry Hewetson [H.H.]; Mr. William Kirkby
[W.K.}; Mr. F. Arnold Lees, F.L.S. [F.A-L.].; — Professor L. €> Miall,
F.G.S. [L. C. M.]; Mr. Wm. Nelson [W.N.]; Rev. J. Collins Odgers
B.A. [J.C.O.]; Mr. Henry Pocklington, F.R.M.S, [H. P.]; Mr. George
T. Porritt, F.L.S. [G.T. P.]; Mr. Wm. Denison Roebuck [W.D.R.];
Mr. Samuel Scholefield [S.S.]; Mr. William Todd [W. T.]; and_ Mr.
Fairfax Wooler [F. W.]

ZOOLOGY.
British Conchology, by J. Gwyn Jeffreys, LL.D., F.R.S.—Vols. 2,
3, 4 and 5. ~ [J Gri,” FAs Te |
Synopsis of the Genus Elachista, by H. T. Stainton, 1858. [H.H.]

The Organization of Daphnia pulex; by Thomas Tate—a paper
read before the Club, Jan. 26, 1875. [The author. ]

Journal of the Linnean Society—Zoology, vol. xii, 1874-6. [G.T.P. |
Yarrell’s British Fishes.—3rd edition, 1859, by Sir John Richardson,

2 vols. [purchased. |
Stephens’ Manual of British Beetles, 1839. [purchased. ]
Wood’s Common British Beetles. [W. D. R.]
Smith’s Catalogue of British Bees in the British Museum Collec-

tion,—2nd edition, 1876. [purchased |

This ‘Catalogue’ is really a Monograph, with full descriptions of all the
British species of Bees.

Newman’s British Butterflies and British Moths.—In 1 volume.

[purchased. ]
Reasoning Powers of Caterpillars.—a Paper read by S. Everard
Woods before the Club, Nov. 14, 1876. [The author.]

Locusts in Yorkshire, with special reference to the Visitation of
1876.—A paper read by W. Denison Roebuck to the Hud-

dersfield Scientific Club.-1877, 15 pp. [The author.]

ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY, 1876—7. 59

BOTANY.

The English Flora: by Sir J. E. Smith.—2nd edition, 1823,
4 volumes. [W. K.]

Hooker's Student’s Flora of the British Islands—1870. [W. D. R.]
Botanical Names for English Readers, by R. H. Alcock—1876,

8vo., pp. 236. [J.G., FA. L. & W.N.]

Todmorden Botanical, .Society—Catalogue of Library, Rules,
Lists of Officers and Members, 1875. [The Society. ]

Bentham’s. Illustrated Hand-book of the British Flora.—186s,
2 vols. [purchased. |

GEOLOGY.

Phillips’ Rivers Mountains and Sea-Coast of Yorkshire.—1853.
[ purchased. ]

Geological Survey—One-inch Map.— Sheet 93 S.W.—including the
country to the North-East of Leeds, [purchased. ]

_ West Riding Geological and Polytechnic Society.—Proceedings,
_new series, parts ui, & ii, 1875 & 1876, with large photographs.
[The Society. ]

Manchester Geological Society. —Session 1876-7.—Vol. xiv.
part iv. [The Society.]

“PROCEEDINGS of SOCIETIES.

Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society—Member’s Book for 1876, in-
cluding 26th Annual Report for 1875: Book of Rules.

Halifax Literary and Philosophical Society.—Annual Report,
1875—6. - ‘ [The Society. ]
Huddersfield: Literary and Scientific Society—r9th Report, 1876.
ais : Be Sort or [The Society. ]
Priestley Club, Leeds.—List of Papers—First and Second Sessions,

1875-6 and 1876—7.. [The Club.]

Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society—s5th, 56th and 57th
Annual Reports for 1874-5, 1875-6 & 1876-7. [The Society. ]

Brighton and Sussex Natural History Society.—22nd and 23rd
Annual Reports, 1874—5 and 1875—6. [The Society. ]

.

’ The same with Report for 1876. [The Society.]

Y

60 ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY, 1876—7.

Chester Society of Natural Science.—5th and 6th Annual Reports,

1875—6 and 1876—7. [The Society. ]
Glasgow Natural History Society.—Proceedings, vol. ii, part ii,

187I—5. [The Society. ]
Glasgow Society of Field Naturalists——Transactions, part iv.

1875—6. [The Society.] —

Lewes and East Sussex Natural History Society—1zth and 13th
Annual Reports, 1875—6, and 1876—7. [The Society.]

Metropolitan Scientific Association—Rules, 1874. [H.P.]

Watford Natural History Society—List of members, laws, cata-
logue of library, &c., June 1876. [The Society. ]

Reports of the Field-meetings of the Watford Natural History
Society ; by John Hopkinson, F.L.S., F.G.S., &c., Secretary

- (reprinted from the Transactions of the Society, vol. I, 1875).
[The Author. ]

MISCELLANEOUS.

Brief paper on the Use and Educational value of ... ... ... the
Field Naturalists’ Microscope ; by Washington Teasdale.
[The author.]
On the Observation of Periodical Natural Phenomena; by John
Hopkinson, F.L.S., F.G.S., Secretary of the Watford Natural
History Society. (From the Society’s Transactions, Nov.
1875.) [The author. ]
Roman Pavements at Aldborough—Two large colored plates of
—-(presented by Andrew S. Lawson, as a reminiscence of the
Club’s visit to his grounds, Aug. ath, 1876.)

Photograph of the members present at the Boroughbridge Exeur-

sion, Aug. 7th, 1876. Sos a [purchased ]
Photograph of Aldborough Pe et during the excursion,
Re Naty AS 0m 9 as « te [purchased. ]

The Devil’s Arrows.—A paper & ie ee W. C. Lukis, M.A.,
F.S.A.—From the proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries,
1877. [The author. }

This Paper was read to this Club during the Excursion to Boreugh-
bridge, Aug. 6, 1876.
Such stuff as Dreams are made on: a Lecture by J. Spottiswoode

Cameron, of Huddersfield.—1877. [GPa
—es+o<—
fEEMOD

{ 15 JUN 29

ay ib “LD y

=.
Ge Mus
115 JUN 29

THE LEEDS NATURALISTS’ CLUB AND
SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION.

THE SEVENTH

ANNUAL REPORT —

ND
PRESIDENT’S VALEDICTORY ADDRESS, &e.

Paged in continuation of the 6th Annual Report,

THE EIGHTH

SuNUAL REPORT

i: THE LEEDS
NATURALISTS’ CLU!

AND

SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION.

1877—1878.

or.

THE EIGHTH a
ANNUAL REPORT

ETC.

—_— HS

Leeds:
TAYLOR BROS., ST. ANN STREET,
1878.

ouncil,

ELECTED FEBRUARY 26th, 1878.

—_—__—_—_+24—___—_

firesident :
FREDERICK GREENWOOD, M.R.C.S.E.

Dice Yresidents:
BENJAMIN HOLGATE, F.G.S. | Wa. NELSON.
Hy. POCKLINGTON, F-R.M.S. | CHARLES S. SPENCE.

Bice Presidents
WHO HAVE SERVED THE CFFICE CF PRESIDENT
SAMUEL JEFFERSON, F.C.S.
JAMES ABBOTT.

Treasurer :
WILLIAM FE. CLARKE,
s, East View, Hyde Park Road, Leeds.
Secretary :

WILLIAM DENISON ROEBUCK,
Sunny Bank, Leeds.
Hibrarian :

WALTER HENRY HAY,

1, Elmwood Place, Camp Road, Leeds.
Council :

Cc. H. BOTHAMLEY. | WM. HOWGATE.

ERNEST DOLBY. BENJAMIN SAYNOR.
JOHN GRASSHAM. | CHAS. SMETHURST.

See ee

Publication Committee:

The PRESIDENT. The SECRETARY,

JOHN GRASSHAM. WILLIAM HOWGATE.
H. POCKLINGTON, F.R.M.S.
Representatives
ON THE CouNciIL oF THE YORKSHIRE NATURAL!STS’ UNION:

WILLIAM E, CLARKE. | JOHN GRASSHAM.

CHARLES SMETHURST.

Servier wae

6s
The Leeds HMaturalists’ Club and Scientific Association,

THE

EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE COUNCIL:

PRESENTED TO THE ANNUAL MEETING, HELD
ON TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26TH, 1878.

In presenting their 8th Annual Report the Council have to state
that during the year progress has been made, as evidenced by the
increase in the number of members and in the attendance at the
meetings, the state of the Library and of the Local Collections.
Large numbers of interesting specimens have been exhibited in
various branches of Natural History; but on the other hand the
Council desire to point out that although the Society is a Scientific
Association as well as a Naturalists’ Club, very little has been seen
or heard of the physical and other sciences, concerning which,
nevertheless, some of the members are highly qualified to treat.

Another source of dissatisfaction is the difficulty which is now
experienced in obtaining papers to be read on the lecture evenings.

This induces the Council to point out how desirable it is that
in the future the Society should be strengthened by the occasional
attendance at and participation in the work of the meetings by the
older and more experienced members, who have for the most part
been conspicuous by their abstention from the Society’s work
during the past year. The younger race of members, into whose
hands the whole work of the Society will inevitably fall, lack the
experience which they will acquire with time, and still more do
they feel the want of the inestimable benefits which would accrue
to them from personal intercourse with the older and more experi-
enced members.

Within the last few months a spontaneous effort among the
members for the improvement of the Society’s work, has resulted
in the formation or proposed formation of various Sections, and
the Cou.cu uupe that the extension of the system will be produc-
tive of good results and tend to the more detailed investigation of
the various branches of Science,

64 EIGHTH ANNUAL. REPORT.

The Council however venture to express their opinion that
no Section should be formed unless there are a certain number of
well-qualified members who are determined to make it a success,
and upon whom the younger and less experienced members may
rely for information and advice.

MEMBERS.

The following statement shows the state of the membership
at the beginning and close of the year, and also the gains and
losses during that period :—

Number of| Elected |Resigned or) Number o
Crass OF MEMBERS. || Members | during the |died during] Members
Fb, 27,1877| Year. the year. |I'b.26,1878

2 ° g
Tetfe oo ves cote eaey veer =c I fo) ° I
Honorary..........+.+ 13 ° ° 13
Oxigial Wen. ciceaes ao 83 ° 4 79
New Ordinaty......... 35 18 Z 50
Non-resident ......... 20 3 I 22

TOtals. 5.5.50 152 23 8 167

One member, Mr. Samuel Scholefield, long an earnest and
hard-working supporter of the Society, has been removed by
death, on which occasion resolutions of sympathy were forwarded
to his family.

From various reasons 7 members have resigned their connec-
tion with the Society.

Acting by virtue of powers conferred upon them by an
amendment of the Rules, providing for the recognition of high
scientific attainments or of services rendered to the Society by thé
election of Honorary Life Members to the extent of not more
than 40, or not more than three in any one year, the Council have
elected two members of this class as a recognition of services
rendered to the Society.

The Rev. A. W. Dodgshun, who is now with the London
Missionary Society’s special mission to Lake Tanganyika, was one
of the founders of this Society in 1870, and for some years
subsequently participated actively in its work and management.

EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. 65

The Rev. W. C. Lukis, M.A., F.S.A., Rector of Wath, near
Ripon, an antiquary of distinguished attainments, took a leading
part in the excursion to Boroughbridge in August, 1876, on which
occasion he read a paper on the “ Devil’s Arrows,” which has since
been printed by the Society of Antiquaries of London.

MEETINGS.

During the year 38 meetings have been held, the average
attendance being 22% as against 20 in the preceding year.

Papers were read at 15 meetings, and the average attendance
was 251% as against 22% in the previous year.

The remaining 23 meetings were devoted to the exhibition of
specimens and conversation, with an average attendance of 2014
as contrasted with 18 in the preceding year.

A list of the papers read is appended to this report.

CONVERSAZIONE.

On the 5th September a very successful Conversazione was
held, when a large number of objects were showr, and at which
about 60 members and over 200 friends introduced by members
spent a pleasant and enjoyable evening.

Besides this, assistance has been given to the Conversazione
of the Mechanics’ Institute, to which the members of this Society
were admitted free.

EXCURSIONS.

The excursions during the year have been those arranged by
the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, at all seven of which this Society
was represented,

In addition, one was made to Boston Spa on the 28th July,
Mr. John Emmet of that place acting as leader.

THE YORKSHIRE NATURALISTS’ UNION.

The connection with the Union has been kept up to the
mutual advantage of the Societies and their members.

The past year has been the most successful the Union has
yet known, and amply bears out the sanguine expectations of those
who took a leading part in its re-organization. It now possesses
a laree thecgh as yet inadequate list of subscribers, and in a short

time they may expect to see the first issue of the Transactions

which are to be published,

66 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT.

There is every expectation that the coming year will be even
more prosperous than the last.

The president for 1878—Mr. Henry Clifton Sorby, F.R.S., of
Sheffield—is a man of world-wide eminence, and whose connection
with the Union cannot fail to be of benefit to it.

The Annual Meeting at the close of the season of 1878 has
been fixed to be held in Leeds, when it is to be hoped the Leeds
members will do all in their power to render it successful.

It having been suggested by Mr. Kell of Barnsley that during
the same week a combined exhibition, on a large scale, of natural
history specimens and scientific apparatus should be held in Leeds
under the auspices of the Union, the attention of the members is
directed to this point.

The subject will be considered at the first meeting of the
Union (at Wentbridge, in April) and the Council would point out
that the decision of that meeting will in a great measure turn upon
the attitude assumed by the Leeds members, upon whom would
necessarily devolve the main portion of the work,

THE LIBRARY.

During the year the Library has received four vols. and 38
pamphlets by gift, some of which will well repay a careful perusal.

The additions to the Library by purchase during the year
number 35 books.

As indicating the nature of the books purchased, Yarrell’s
“ Fishes,” Jeffreys’ “ Conchology,” Newman’s “ Moths,” and Bell’s
a Reptiles ” may be mentioned.

Special attention has been paid to the surctuise of books, the
Librarian having taken advantage of certain favorable opportunities
to secure valuable books at small cost.

The amount of money spent in books may account for the
fact of the very small balance which the Treasurer reports he has
in hand. The number of books circulated among the members
has been over one hundred and ten, being a large increase over
the previous year.

The Librarian would wish to point out to the members the
desirability of the books being returned at every meeting night, as
frequently they are wanted to name specimens. If not asked for
by other members, the book may be renewed.

EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. 6 7

THE LOCAL COLLECTIONS.

The local collection has not progressed so much during the
past year as we could have wished. This may be partly accounted

for by the fact that for some time we were without case room, but

this has now been kindly supplied to us by the Committee of the
Mechanics’ Institute, so that we now hope to make better progress
during the coming year.

During the present year we have added to the collection :—
I species of plant, 2 species of Hymenoptera, 8 species of Cole-
optera, 12 species of Lepidoptera, 26 species of Mollusks, 1 Bird’s
Nest, 3 species of Bird’s Eggs, 1 species of Orthopttra and a num-
ber of Boulders from the Glacial Drift near Barnsley.

Mr. Grassham has kindly presented to the Society a number of
cells for the purpose of mounting small shells.

FINANCES.

The Treasurer, in presenting his report to the Society, begs to
call its attention to three important facts: 1st, The reduction of

what may be termed the “Working Expenses” of the Society during

the past year; znd, The large and valuable additions to the

_ Library, consisting as they do of 23 vols., purchased at a cost of

47 18s. 7d., as against the expenditure of 18/6 for similar purposes
during the year before ; 3rd, That there is owing to the Society
the sum of £2 11s. 6d. ;

On taking the above into consideration, he must heartily

3 congratulate the Society on the progress made during the year just
_ closed.

The purchase of Books he would most particularly recommend
as calculated to further our end and aims; and it is also calculated,

_ if continued, to prove a great attraction to individuals who are not

yet members of our Society.

It is with great pleasure that, after such unprecedented

_ expenditure on our Library, he is able to declare a small balance
in favour of the Society.

—_—" ir di ma ee _ a

FINANCIAL STATEMENT,

W. E. Crarke, Treasurer, in account with the Lerps NATURALISTS’ CLUB AND SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION.

Dr.

&

Z| & a Sale aes oer

To Balance from last EAP wai n's. mice mgs <vellll, IR 7.) ten! By ghemonwGom. 0. 0 ts aa) eae cell) 3 5 °

», Arrears of last year’s subscriptions .../ o | 7] 9 ae Othe de CaboiMity Ws tae 5. Bell -O | LOale. 0

»» Subscriptions: Hon. Members... .../ 7 | 7 | 0 || ,, Subscription to Yorkshire N. Union..|| o | 13 | 6

” ditto Original Members... 14 | 18 | 0 || , Expenses of Delegates to Y.N. Union|| o | 10 | 6

» ditto New Ordinary Members|} ro | 15 | © || |, Library: Books and Bookbinding ...| 8 | 18] 7

» ditto Non-resident Members..| 2/15 | 0 || ,, Reports “Ppinting, tere =. 15-0 hr ns. :|| Ga TEN ~O

es je Ce erway: ween. Shes cil OMe ane oe

- 5, . aeeal Collections:"Casés, &e...o...|1- Bl Ali 20

ae », Expenses incurred by Secretary, \ olay] 7
oad Treasurer, Librarian & Curator. |

eS poi OLE DCISUN 5 Loa aceh ak cee meee | eel eee

ees xs = Conyersazione Expenses!.... ..= gall age © 3

Ls PAAR CE” Sintec e||) = Ge Seu ae

mae £40 TO | 7 6404) Ton ¥

Audited and found correct,
HENRY CROWTHER,
H. PoLiarn, Auditors.
E. E. PRINcE,

Confirmed at the Annual Meeting, James Axsort, President.

68

oo #m

ee

1877-8.
April 10

May 8
bP] 29

June 12
July 10

9 24
Aug. 14
3) 28
Sept. 25
Oct. 16
9» 30

Nov.27

Dec. 11

Jan. 22

Feb, 12

EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. 69

THE LEEDS NATURALISTS’ CLUB AND
SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION.

1877—8.

MPs eb PAPERS
READ DURING THE SESSION.

——_—_—.

S. Jefferson, F.C.S., on ‘‘Cyclones.”

H. Pocklington, F,R.M.S., on ‘‘Flame,” Part I.

T. Hick, B.A., B.Sc., on ‘‘Evolution and the Vegetable Kingdom.”

F. Greenwood, M.R.C.S.E., on ‘‘The Comparative Anatomy of the
Nose.”

Edward E. Prince, ‘“‘Notes on the Geology and Antiquities of
Dorsetshire.”

H, Pocklington, F.R.M.S., on ‘‘Flame,” Part II.

Charles Rider, on ‘‘The Classification of the Protozoa,”

James Abbott, President’s Address.

T. Fairley, F.R.S.E., F.C.S., on ‘‘ Ozone,”

John Garbutt, on ‘‘ Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes.”

C, S. Spence, on ‘‘ The Potato.”

H. Pocklington, F-R.M.S-, on ‘‘ How to examine a plant micro-
scopically,” Part I.

John Thrippleton, on ‘‘ Russia, or some account of my visit to St.
Petersburgh and Moscow.”

W. Barwell Turner, on ‘‘ Matters used in the permanent preparation
and examination of microscopic subjects.”

H. Pocklington, F.R.M.S., on ‘* How to examine a plant micro-
scopically,” Part II, ;

— lt fo SO

7° EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT.

THE LEEDS NATURALISTS’ CLUB AND
SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION.

1877—8.

NEW MEMBERS, ELECTED 1877-8.

18 New Ordinary Members: Miss Emily Holmes, Langley Kitch-
ing, James Archer, John Benson, Henry Laycock, W. H.
Kirtlan, J. W. Fawcett, Henry Marsh, Charles Cohen, J. W.
Gaunt, Farsley ; Mathew Walker, Pudsey ; Matthew A. Brigg,
John Muir, Joseph Dobson, Wm. Clark, Alfred Denny, W. G.
Smith, George Tyers.

3 Non-resident Members: John Emmet, Boston Spa; Hugh
Gill, Boston Spa; A. Peckett Taylor, Mapplewell, near
Barnsley.

és RESIGNATIONS.
Original Members : W. H. Sands, Thomas Berry, Henry Walker.

New Ordinary Members: George A. Kennedy, George Charles
Giles, F. Arnold Lees, F.L.S.

Non-resident Member: Thomas Tate.

DEATH.
Samuel Scholefield (Original Member).

wil

EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. 71

Che Heeds Maturalists’ Club and
Scientific Association.

LIST OF MEMBERS.
26rH FEBRUARY, 1878.

_

2 HONORARY LIFE MEMBERS:

Elected on account of high scientific attainments, or on account of services
rendered to the Society. Number limited to 40, not more than three of
whom can be elected in any one year.

Dodgshun, Rev. Arthur William, of the London Missionary Soctety’s
Mission to Lake Tanganyika: c. of Borestcad and

Riley, Zanzibar, East Africa. March 20, 1877

Lukis, Rev. W. C., M.A., F.S.A., Zhe Rectory, Wath, nr. Ripon.
March 20, 1877

1 LIFE MEMBER:
In respect of a donation of £5.

Wooler, Fairfax, 45, Cemetery-road, Beeston Hill. March 3, 1874

13 HONORARY MEMBERS,

Paying not less than tos, 6d. per annum.

Armistead, Joseph John, WVe¢herleigh, Roundhay. May 9, 1876
Atkinson, Edward, M.R.C.S., E-LS., F.Z.S.,. Hon. Curator in
Zoology to the Leeds Philosophical & Literary Society,

Eldon House, Woodhouse-lane, Leeds. April 2 5, 1876

Barran J., M.P., Chagel-Allerton Hall, nr. Leeds. Oct. 10, 1876
Bedford James, Sycamore Lodge, Wovdhcuse.... June 30, 1874
Clarke, William, 20, De Grey-road, Leeds. -» June 30, 1874
Ford, John Rawlinson, Adel Grange, nr. Leei’s. June 27, 1876
Huggon, Wm., F.C.S., 50, Springfield-place, Leeds. May 23, 1876
Pickles, James, Woodhouse-hill, Hunslet, and I3, Warehouse-hill,
Call-lane, Leeds. Dec. 2, 1871

Price, Wm. Nicholson, Mount Pleasant, Leeds. June 13, 1876
Reynolds, Richard, F.C.S., Hon. Secretary of the Vorkshire College,
and of the Leeds Philosophical & Literary Society ;

Cliff Lodge, Hyde Park, Leeds. May 16, 1876

Scattergood, Thomas, 47, Park-sguare, Leeds. April 25, 1876
Spence, C. S., 20, Cromer-terrace, Armley. ... Jan. 30, 1877

42. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT.

Teale, Thomas Pridgin, M.A., M.B., (Cantab.), F.R.C.S., Member
of the General Medical Council; 38, Cookridge-
street, Léeds. Feb. 22, 1295

79 ORIGINAL MEMBERS,
Elected before the 1st December, 1875, and paying 4s. per annum.

Abbott, James, 745, Woodhouse-lane, Leeds. ... ... April, 1870
Allison, R. R., Hawthorne-place, New Wortley. June 30, 1874
Atkinson, R. M., 6, Humslet-road, Leeds. ... ... May 13, 1873
Bedford, James E., Sycamore Lodge, Woodhouse. June 11, 1872
Beer, John T.; F.R.S.Lit., F.S.A.Scot., Zhreapland House, Fulneck,
near Leeds. “op oe!) CD Mapua &

Benn, Thos., St. /ames’-square, Sunny Bank, ‘Leeds, Dec. 2, 1871
Beswick, T. ‘Stodart, 42, Leighton-lane, Leeds. --. » Decitene 72
Brodie, James, Lilland-road, Leeds. ... 2 See soe Rees
Brunton, George, 2, Portland. crescent, Palliser ng Jan. 20, 1874
Calvert, John T. , O4, Low-street, Keighley. wan ted MED! AG ees
Cheetham, Hy. G G.WV.R. Cae Nottingham. ... April 30, 1872
Clarke, W. E., 5, Last View, Hyde Park-road, Leeds. Ap. 2, 1872
Coates, Frederick, Croft-terrace, Farnley, Leeds. Jan. 27, 1874
Coates, J. Irwin, F. R.A.S., Southend, Headingley. Feb. 23, 1875
Dawson, Thomas, President of the Leeds Mechanics’ Lnstitution,
103, Caledonian-road, Leeds. June 18, 1872

Dayson, J. O., Secretary, Mechanics Institution. June 18, 1872
Dean, Wilham, 7, Bowling Green-place, Marshall-street, Holbeck,
Leeds, Feb. 2.2575

Denison, Wm., 7, Zudustrial-place, Beckett-street. Oct. 13, 1874
Dixon, John, Zhe General Infirmary, Leeds. ... Oct. 11, 1870
Dixon, John Wm., 5, Cavendish-road, Leeds. ... June 18, 1872
Dobson, George, 94, St. James’-street, Leeds. ... Aug. 17, 1873
Ellison, Jas. Edward, zo, De Grey-road, Leeds. Jan. 20, 1874
Emery, J. S., 22, Victoria-terrace, St. John’s Hill, Apl. 21, 1875
Emsley, Frederick, 75, West-street, Leeds. ... Jan. 20, 1874
Fairley, Thos,, F.R.S.E., F.C.S., Public Analyst to the Boroug gh of
Leeds; 8, Newton- grove, New Leeds. Feb. 23, 187 5

Fletcher, Thos., Sz. Pauls Schools, Saville-street. Apl. 21, 1875
Garbutt, J., 25a, Victoria-place, Camp-road, Leeds. — July 8, 1873
Gascoigne, Joseph, Zown Councillor, Hope-terrace, Dewsbury-road,
Leeds, March 25, 1873

Gilston, Peter, Woodhouse Hill, Hunslet. ... ... June 11, 1872
Goodall, Charles, Fvancis-street, New Leeds. ... Dec. 15, 1874
Grassham, John, zz, Meanwood-street, Leeds. ... May 7, 1872

EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORY. 73

Grassham, Thos., zo, Chad-street, Newtown, Leeds. Apl. 22, 1873
Greenwood, Frederick, M.R.C.S.E., Restdent Curator, Leeds School

of Medicine. Apl. 8, 1873
Haigh, Frederick, 4, Grosvenor-place, Leeds. ... Apl. 30, 1872
Hainsworth, George, 737, Burley-road, Leeds. ... Nov. 17, 1874
Hardisty, E., 53, Kensington-terrace, Hyde Park, ... Feb. 2, 1875
atay, W. L., z, Elmwood: place, Camp- -road, Leeds. Apl. 23, 1872
Helm, S., FRMS., 3, Louts-st., New Leeds, ... June 9, 1874
Hick, Thomas, B.A., B.Sc., (Lond.), Oatlands Villa, Leeds-road,

Ffarrogate. Dec. 2, 1871
Hindle, J. E., Horsforth, near Leeds. ... esi April, 1870
Holgate, Benjn., F.GS., 3, Atkinson-street, Hunslet Apl. 8, 1873
Holmes, John, Holmsted, Roundhay, Leeds. so biel, 23,7 1S

Jefferson, R. P.. 745, Meadow-lane, LCS) see) DUE. ER, 1873
Jefferson, S., F.C.S., 27, Virginia-road, Leeds. ... April 2, 1872
Kirkby, William, 57, Huaslet-road, Leeds. ee PUNE TOL TSA

Lobley, William, 78, Brunswick-street, Leeds. ... April, 1871
Loe, James S., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., MVoodhouse-lane. June 18, 1872
Lupton, Henry, Zhe Evins, Chapel Allerton. ... Dec. 2, 1873
Malt, James, 2, Hainsworth’s Buildings, Clyde-st., New Wortley,
“Leeds. June 2, 1874
~ Miall, Louis C., F.G.S., Curator of Museum, Leeds Philosophical
& Literary Society ; Professor of Biology at the Vork-
shire College, 173, Belle Vue-road, Leeds. Apl. 8, 1873
Milestone, Robert, 59 & 67, Last-street, Leeds. Nov. 24, 1874
Morant, Alfred Wm., M.Inst.C.E., F.S.A., F.G.S., Leeds Borough
Engineer, BREW sinia- road, Leeds. Aug. 17, 1873
Nelson, William, “Associate Editor of the Quarterly Journal of
’Concholog » Leestdent of the Leeds Conchological
Club, President of the Conchological Section of the -
Yorkshire Nat. Union; Freehold-street, Leeds.
Sept. 22,5073
Nicholls, D., 28, Woodbine-place, Little Woodhouse. July 2, 1872
Nicholls, Joseph Lister, 728, Woodbine-place, Little Woodhouse,
Heeas. Oct 1 1874
‘Nield, W. J., Hon. Sec. Leeds Mechanics Institution. Aug. 20, 1872.
Pearson, A. A., 44 & 46, Queen’s-place, Camp-rd. July 22, 1873
‘Pocklington, a Green-lane, Baildon, nr. Shipley. Sep. 2, 1874
Pocklington, H, F.R.M.S., Cedar-grove, Armley. Sep. 29, 1873
‘Prince, E. E., 2, Willow Grove-road, Leeds. ... July 15, 1873
Prince, G. A., 2, Willow Grove-road, Leeds. ... April 28, 1874
Richardson, Walter W., Weetwood, nr. Leeds. ... Feb. 17, 187.
Suck, Wm. Denison, Secretary of the Yorkshire Naturalist
Union, Sunny Bank, Leeds. ... April 19, 187°

>

44 ‘ EIGHTH ANNUAL RERORT.

Smethurst, Charles, 25, Chatham-street, West-st. Feb. 25, 1873

Taylor, John, Rockingham-street, Leeds. 11. «- June 18, 1872

Taylor, John W., Zditor of the Quarterly Journal of Conchology,

Leopold Square, New Leeds. ... April 19, 1870

Taylor, Wm. Hy., Burlington-st., Sunny Bank. Apl. 30, 1872

~Teasdale, Washington, Resehurst, Headingley. ... _ April, 1870

Thompson, Edward, 72, Lofthouse-place, Leeds. ... May 7, 1872
Thrippleton, J., 2, Zvaline-terrace, Burley Fields. ... April, 1870
Todd,, William, 2, Blundell-place, Leeds. .... ... Dec, 2, 1871

Vevers, Wm., Brandon Villas, Chapeltown-rd. ... April 28, 1874
Walker, John, Willow Grove House, Leeds. a: Ock 7 ar873
Walker, J. Holmes, C.E., Chapeltown, Pudsey. Sep. 9, 1873
Ward, Geo., F.C.S., z, Buckingham-ter., Headingley. May 14, 1872
* Watson, William, Cressbeck, Iikley. hao ws ae oes
Wood, William, 55, Clapham-road, Headingley. Dec. 10, 1872
Wood, William Atkinson, 82, Church-st., Hunslet. Dec. 15, 1875
Yewdall, Edwin, 58, Wade-lane, Leeds. ...... April 8, 1873

22 NON=RESIDENT MEMBERS,

Paying 2s. 6d. per annum.

Atkinson, John Thos., F.G.S., F.R.M.S., Pres. Selby Naturalists

Society, the Quay, Se/by. Oct. 14, 1873. Sep. 12, 1876

bainbridge, Fredk., 1, George Villas, Harrogate. Aug. 22, 1876

Bairstow, S. D., Woodland mount, Huddersfield. Oct. 17, 1876

Birchall, Edwin, F.L.S., Woodside, Douglas, Isle of Man.

Dee.2z, 187%. Oct. 3.5876

Brook, Geo., ter., Secretary Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union ; Secre-

tary of the Huddersfield Scientific Club, Fernbrook,

Edgerton, Huddersfield. ..._... Nov. 7, 1876

Cheesman, William Norwood, Zhe Crescent, Selby. Dec. 12, 1876

Dawson, George, Luglish-street, Carlisle. ... ... July 18, 1876

Douglas, J. A., F.M.S., 23, Bentley-street, Bradford. July 4, 1876

. Emmett, John, Boston Spa, near Tadcaster. ... June 12, 1877

Gill, Hugh, Boston Spa, near Tadcaster. ... ... June 26, 1877

Hebden, Joseph, Bridge-street, Wakefield. ... ... Apl. 11, 1876
Hewetson, Henry, 9, West Park-terrace, Falsgrave, Scarborough.

Dec. 2,1871. June 27, 1876

Hobkirk, Chas. P., Pres. Huddersfield Literary & Scientific Society ;

West Riding Union Bank, Huddersfield. Jan. 23, 1877

Knowles, Miles, 93, Zennyson-place, Bradford ... Apl. 21, 1875

Mann, Arthur W., Scarcroft, Thorner, near Leeds. July 23, 1876

Monckman, J., B.Sc., 37, Manor vow, Bradford, Dec. 19, 1876

EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. 75

Murdoch, James R., Horsforth. ... . Dec. 19, 1876
Parsons, Henry Franklin, M.D. , (Lond.). E. Gse LfTon. Secretary
Goole Scientific Society, - Sec. of the Botanical Section
Yorkshire Naturalists Union; Goole. Feb, 2, 1876-
Patchett, Isaac, F.C.S., Birstal, near Leeds. .... ... Feb. 2,:1876
Rees, Thomas, /y. Bri L825, Son & Co.’s Collieries, oD Vhitwood, vid
LVormanton. June 2, 1874
Rowley, Walter, C.E., F.G.S., South Milford, and 74, Albion-street,
Leeds. whe ics cd Mapas 1876

Taylor, Arthur Peckett, Spark- lane, Mapplewell, near Barnsley.

July 10, 1877

so NEW ORDINARY MEMBERS,

Paying 5s. per annum,

Agate, Rev. Dendy, B.A., Stourton Grange, Hunslet. Aug. 22, 1876
Archer, James, 50, Bedford-place, Leeds. .... ... April 17, 1877
Armistead, William, Pudsey, near Leeds. ... ... Aug. 1, 1876
Bailey, Benjamin, 76, Dewsbury-read, Leeds. ... April 25, 1876
Benson, John, 46, Spring Close-st., Bar?, Zccds. April 17, 1877
Bothamley, C. H., Zhe Yorkshire College, Leeds. ... May 9, 1876
Brigg, Mathew A., Headingley ; & Carlton Cross Mills, Leeds.

Sept. Ely 1877
Broadhead, W. H., Wahtelock-street, Leeds. .... June 27, 1876
Carter, Godfrey, 26, Park-square, Leeds, ... ... May 2, 1876
Cheetham, W., MWoodbottom Cottage, Horsforth. .... Dec. 19, 1876
Clark, William, rz, /ackson’s-place, Leeds. ... ... Oct. 16, 1877
Cohen, Charles, 92, Kirkgate, Leeds. 2 oy > oo AUS. Jy 1897

_ Crowther, Henry, 20, Sunny Bank-street, Leeds ... May 9, 1876

Cull, G. R., 59, Hunslet-lane, YS) ee -. Jan. 30, 1877

-. Curzon, Frank, Agent & Lecturer, Yorkshire Union of Mechanics?

Tasts, vee Carnaby-st., Fenton-st., Leeds. Ap. 11,1876

- Denny, Alfred, AM/dland-road, Hyde Park, Leeds. Oct. 16, 1877

Denny, Thomas Geo., Victorta-road, Hyde Park, Leeds.
April, 1870. July 4, 1876
Dobson, Joseph, M.R.C.S., 27, Buriey Lawn, Leeds. Oct. 2, 1877

; Dolby, Ernest, 4, Fallowspield- terrace, Leeds. ... Apl. 11, 1876

Fawcett, John W., Zé, Crawford-strect, Leeds. ... June 12, 1877

2 a Jas., C.E., Horsforth, & 22a, Albion-st., Leeds. Oct. 10, 1876

Gaunt, J. W. , Farsley, near Leeds. ... - Aug. 7, 1877

. Gregson, Robert, 4, Spencer-terrace, New Leeds, «JUNE 27) 2676

Harpham, Thomas, 10, Strattan-street, Leeds. ... Apl. 25, 1876

_ Hewetson, HI. Bendelack, Hanover-square, Leeds. June 13, 1876

76 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT.

Holmes, A/iss Emily, 7, Oastler-ter., North-st., Leeds. Apl. 10, 1877
Howgate, William, 749, Woodhouse-lane, Leeds. .... Apl. 11, 1876
Kirtlan, W. H., 27, Blackman-lane, Leeds. .... .... May 29, 1877
Kitching, Langley, 50, Caledonian-road, Leeds. .... April 10, 1877
Laycock, H,, 29, Wellclose-place, Carlton Fiiil, Leeds. Apl. 17, 1877
Marsh, Henry, Cressy House, Weoodsley-road, Leeds. July 24, 1877
Moore, E. A., Zion Board School, New Wortley, Leeds. Jan. 30, 1877

Murr, John, zo, Marlborough-terrace, Leeds. ... Sep. 25, 1877
Naylor, Thomas, 77. Suspension Bridge, Hunslet. Oct. 31, 1876
Nevitt, John George, Chapel Alverton, Leeds. ... Apl. 11, 1876
Pearce, John, 73, Commercial-street, Leeds. ... ... Dec. 15, 1875
Peat, Samuel S., 97, Woodhouse-lane, Leeds. .... .... May 9, 1876
Pick, Richard, Bond. WEF CELA LCCUS. «wo. bo :. Sepm20, 1O76

Pollard, i Philosophical Fall, Park-1cw, Leeds. July 11, 1876
Rider, on 4, King’s-rd., Edwin-ra. , Hyde Park-rd. May 30, 1876
Saynor, Benj., 4, Kellam-st., Accommodation-rd., Leeds. Nov. 7, 1876
Smith Samuel, Colton, nr. Leeds, and Leeds Public Libraries.

Sep. 26, 1876

Smith, W. G., 78, Belle Vue-road, Leeds. ... .... Oct. 16, 1876
Somers, Francis, 2, Fountaine-terrace, Lovell-st. .... May 30, 1876
Tempest, F., Springfield Mills, Morley. ... ... Wee. 19, 1876
Turner, W. B,, 22, Northfield-square, “Lovell-road. ... July 4, 1876
Tyers, George, 68, Belle Vue-vroud, Leeds s., - so OC TO, 1877

Walker, Mathew, Swinnow Villa, Pudstys* >... 1. Avge 677
Westmoreland, Jas. Wm., A.R.S.M., zog, High-street, Rhymney,

Monmouthshire. May 9, 1876
Woods, S. Everard, 764, Dewsbury-road, Leeds. ... Oct. 10, 1876

All members included in this list will be eligible for any office
in the Society at the next annual meeting, to be held on the last -
Tuesday in February, 1878, unless disqualified in the meantime
by withdrawal, resignation, or other cause.

EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. Ek

.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY
DURING 1877—8.
> 2 + oe

(Bee Pie HAS. EH: )

Yarrell’s Fishes, Richardson’s 3rd edition, 1859, 2 vols.
Jeffreys’ British Conchology, 3 vols. (iii., iv. and v.) 1865—7-9.
Smith’s British Bees, 2nd Edition, 1876.
Ent. Soc. Catalogue of British Hemiptera: Douglas & Scott, 1876.
Stephens’ Manual of British Beetles, 1839.
Newman’s British Butterflies and: Moths, in 1 vol.
Bentham’s British Flora, 2 vols., 1865.
: Phillips’ Rivers, Mountains and Sea-Coast of Yorkshire, 1853.

Leeds Phil. and Lit. Soc—Guide to Mineralogical Collection, 1872.
: Leeds Phil. and Lit. Soc.— Guide to British Birds Collection, 1874.
| Wharton’s List of British Birds, the genera arranged according to

Sundevall’s method: 1877.

Bell’s British Reptiles, 1839.
Low’s Domesticated Animals of British Isles, no date.
Baker & Nowell’s Supplement (1854) to Baines’ Flora of Yorkshire.
Hobkirk and Boswell’s London Catalogue of british Mosses, 1877.
“The Naturalist”. (12 numbers), 1877-8.
*‘ Quarterly Journal of Conchology” (4 numbers), 1877-8.

(BY -DO NA ELON.) nae

Wakefield Naturalists’ Society, 6th Report (1876). ~

Reasoning Powers of Caterpillars: S. Everard Woods, 1877.

West Riding Geological and Polytechnic Society—Proceedings,
new series, part iii, 1876, and photograph.

Such stuff as Dreams are made on: J.S. Cameron, 1877. [G.T.P.

Locusts in Yorkshire: W. Denison Roebuck, 1877. Cate

Leeds Phil. and Lit. Society—Guide to Fossil Collection. TAA

Leeds Mechanics’ Institute Report (1876). 7 re

North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club, 12th Report (28 76anik

Liverpool Naturalists’ Field Club Report (1877).

Brighton and Sussex Nat. Hist. Society’s 23rd Report, 1875-6.

Leeds Priestley Club; List of Papers (2nd Session), 1876-7. —"—"~

Goethe on Metamorphosis of Plants. [J.R.M.]

Owen on Power of God in Animal Creation, 1863 |J.R.M.]

Rambles about Ingleton in 1865: J. Carr. [J.R.M. ]

“8 EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT.

Chester Society of Natural Science, 6th Report (1876-— -7).

Edinburgh Geological Soc. Transactions, vol. ili., part i. (1877).

Lukis on “The Devil’s Arrows” (1877).

Lewes and East Sussex Nat. History Society, 13th Report (1877).

Rowley on Deep Mining, &c. (1877).

Wood’s Common British Beetles.

Leeds Phil. and Lit. Society, 57th Report, May, 1877.

Glasgow Field Naturalists’ Transactions, part v, 1876-7.

Manchester Geological Society’s Report, Oct., 1877.

Postal Microscopical Socie:y’s Report, July, 1877 (2 copies).

Quekett Microscopical Club, 12th Report, July, 1877. P|

Mineralogical Magazine, vol. i., 1876—7.

Botanical Locality Record Club, Report for 1876.

Quekett Micro. Club—Journal, Nov., 1877, vol. iv., No. 35. [H.P. |

Huddersfield Lit. and Scientific Society—2oth Report, Oct., 1877.

Archbishop of York on “* The Worth of Life,” 1877.

Notes by a Field Naturalist in the Western z ropics: Rev. H. H.
Higgins, M.A., 1877, 8vo., 205 pp. [Liv erpool Nat. F. Club.]

Edinburgh Botanical Society's Transactions, vol. xiil., part i.

West Riding Geological and Polytechnic Society's Proceedings,
1877, part iv. and photograph.

Parsons on “ Alluvial Strata of Ouse Valley,” 1877.

Bedfordshire N. H. Transactions, parts i. and i1. (1877-8).

Dorsetshire Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club, Pro-
ceedings, part i. (1877).

Cumberland Association Transactions, part ii. (1875-6).

Edinburgh Botanical Garden Report for 1876.

Huddersfield Naturalists’ Society: Report, Dec., 1877.

a i

1877-8.

THE LEEDS NATURALISTS’ CLUB AND
SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION.

THE EIGHTH

ANNUAL REPORT

ETC.

~~ Paged in mtinuation of the 7th Annual Report.

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