tn Stet rita sibs Sates etattaas bee teDaratrt ec PE Teena rt if salt ett atotees , Tro ELASTA o He edatoaeaUeptad gets see nec ce ehebeet i a not ’ Fle) hGenut mTbepaticargtonys ?! +h tet} * ie in ; tt Han tres tedel REPORT OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH MEETING BRITISH ASSOCLATION ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE; HELD AT BATH IN SEPTEMBER 1864. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, 1865. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, CONTENTS. Oxssects and Rules of the Association...............000eeeeeeee may Places of Meeting and Officers from commencement .............. xx URI MIG 300 dol yy sx 5

on the Presence of Nickel in Metallic Lead ....... ; Professor W. A. MitiER’s Chemical Examination of a Hot Spring in Wheal istords Cornwall, 'srayersyaiers tyserrciremeyerys® Sie sigernerse * saeiauh ead Si; gtisys Dr. S. Mossman’s Observations on the Constitution of the Atmosphere Mr. A. NoBiE on Réaumur’s Porcelain ............ cece cece cee enna Dr. Pav on the Disposal of Town Refuse ......... Rothe, PRAT Peale, eeee aa Serer fe) Pee O8 Crude Para ON 65 sia ado 2 vine vac cip «0.2 uasins umnton on Useful Applications of Slag from Iron Smelting ........ Dr. T. L. Pxipson on the Black Stones which fell from the Atmosphere at PreNEESNT INGLONS ppp GhTe ser Kee RARE Ts ODES TEs he ROG: cheb on the Medicinal Muds of the Island of Ischia, Bay of Vu 28 vill CONTENTS. Professor W. B. RogErs’s Account of Apparatus and Processes for the Che- mical and Photometrical Testing of Iluminating Gas ..............+++- ———_—__—_—— on an Invention by Mr. Cornelius, of Philadelphia, for tne nine Gas bys HCCUrIClL Vicar lragercis ote crsietels oisis n+ cise leten-o,0\= a sla) Aaa Professor Roscox’s Contributions towards the Foundation of Quantitative HRELGLOP RADY, cas ajvysee ees: fej Gre noo lao iho A174 migzalelel sae aehna raja ake t op stele EV DSEOTY ALLO. c. siersvuncctosern choise: o.e16 sce aie ein 3 bie, ie 6.4 (oie a6, 0,6 yhcotare,onatedn GI eonca ene eetens —______—_—— Note on the Existence of Lithium, Strontium, and Copper BT EUNE SRA NY RECESS «wie 'earvelatvielovolaiavere ee «eve Vato tere e Preeteete Sone Nery ere ere ates Mr. W. L. Scorr on some probable New Sources of Thallium ............ Mr PB. Seence on Copper-smelting . ooo... 00 os 000. es 0 ole 10's oils ve eine biel viaje Dr. Suttrvan on the Precipitation of Aluminous Silicates from Solution.... Professor TENNANT on the Colouring of Agates.......seceecceeeeeceeeees Mr. J. ALFRED WANKLYN on the Rational Formula of Rosaniline ........ ’s Note on the Probable Constitution of Kolbe and Schmitt’s Colouring Matter obtained by acting upon Carbolic Acid with Wxalicrand SOlpHUTICHACIGBY (57. - «cera tale cayehn, she) \biojsia a ia ofa sie. pare on a curious Example of Etherification ........ Dr. WILLIAMSON, on Tsomorphism . «sm is,«\0\0,0 01,4,0/0 419 © 019 4.0)0,0 8 oe <9 eines GEOLOGY. Address by Joun Purtures, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., President of the SOROS. «si cin na biite scieMe icsontenensinl i sanieds sodtines df isabaiahausion|’ :0)cayniceraeejaneha lt cdlate untake tetas Mr. W. HeEtxirieER Barty on some New Points in the Structure of Paleechinus on.the Occurrence of Fish Remains in the Old Red Sandstone at Portishead, near Bristol ...........0..cerceeesccccesvecs Mr. A. Bassett on the South Wales Mineral Basin.............+++++000% Mr. Henry B. Brapy on the Foraminifera of the Middle and Upper Lias of Somersetshire ......... Beet tude oc est beet sere er eascaes cs: : Mr. Henry W. Bristow on the Rhetic (or Penarth) Beds of the Neizhbour- hood of Bristol and the South-West of Hnglend. (Communicated by Sir Rovericx I. Murcutson, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., FLR.S.)........00205: Rey. P. B. Bropie’s Remarks on two outliers of Lias in South Warwickshire, and on the presence of the Rheetic Bone-bed at Knowle, its furthest north- ern extension hitherto recognized in that County ............eseeeseeee Rev. C. F. Browne on the Formation and Condition of the Ice in certain Ice _ Caves of the Jura, Vosgian Jura, Dauphiné, and Savoy ..............+. Page 50 50 52 52 Dr. Putte P, CarPENTER on the Connexion between the Crag Formations - and the recent North Pacific Faunas .........-.+++-e+> pol cstite oe ree Mr. Hanprx CossHAm on the Geological Formation of the District around Kingswood Hill, with especial reference to the supposed development of Millstone Grit in that neighbourhood ...........seeeeeeerereeeeecenes Dr. DauBEny on the Cause of the Extrication of Carbonic Acid from the In- terior of the Earth, and on its Chemical Action upon the Constituents of Pelspathie Rocks i504 04 isa 6006 0.04566 e usebns seni ol pelle Oe Jemremeetee Mr. W. Boyp Dawk1ns on the Newer Pliocene Fauna of the Caverns and River-Deposits of Somersetshire ......... 0. ccc cse cee ceseececteceeas 52 52 52 CONTENTS. Dr. FaiconeRr on Fossil and Human Remains of the Gibraltar Cave..,..... Professor HARKNEss on the Lower Silurian Rocks of the South-East of Cum- berland and the North-East of Westmoreland .........ccceeeceeceeees M. F. von HaveEr’s Notice of the latest labours of the Imperial Geological Institute of the-Austrian. Empire........ 2.620000 pecnes vteoceeweseceeres Dr. James Hecror on the Geology of the Province of Otago, New Zealand. . Professor HennEssy on the Possible Conditions of Geological Climate...... M. HéxzeERt1’s Note on some of the Oolitic Strata seen at Dundry .......... eemeee ea erin Ott OtGlitas et a ene wa seg o.oo Guana cinnies vivian see ets Mr. H. C. Hopex on the Origin of certain Rocks, and on the Ossiferous Caverns of the South of Devonshire........... cece eeeeceeaceeeeeneees Dr. T.. Hopexin’s Notice of some Geological Appearances in the North-west SA Lo Fd «3h Seer sld » jan dntzshete falas Soi shops Deke MB ERtece eter Sedegrarone Mr. Witi1amM Keene on the Coal-measures of New South Wales with’ Spirifer, Gilossopteris, and Lepidodendron ......00. cbs eeseneeeneneeeens Mr. E. R. LanxestTeER on the Species of the Genus Pteraspis ...........++. Mr. Jonn Lecxensy on the Boulder-clay and Drift of Scarborough and East ow nadir nh Sagsaled hep ay ak, 8 Aha I Gaga Beppe peer earn nin ie Sir W. Loean, Dr. Dawson, and Dr. Sterry Hunt on Organic Remains in PPE REANN Haba EL OCS 1IN CAVA o:saiereieiesiaveiwicie eins wists oh myo aioe /Sigisid Sree ole a wees Mr. J. MacKENzIz on the New South Wales Coal Field ..............0005 Mr. C. Moore on the Geology of the South-West of England.............. Sir R. I. Murcutson’s Note on the Occurrence of the same Fossil Plants in the Permian Rocks of Westmoreland and Durham ...........seeeeeees TESS ccc er cere cen nser nares ees cesassesseeesseessesseseessssecssene Mr. W. PENGELLY on an Accumulation of Shells, with Human Industrial Remains, found on a hill near the River Teign in Devonshire............ ———_—_—_——— on Changes of Relative Level of Land ‘and Sea in South- Eastern Devonshire, in Connexion with the Antiquity of Mankind ...... Professor Pu1Lurps on the Formation of Valleys near Kirkby Lonsdale...... —————— on the Measure of Geological Time by Natural Chrono- ——_—— on the Distribution of Granite Blocks from Wasdale Craig. Commander B. Pim’s Notes on the Volcanic Phenomena and Mineral and Wiethermal Waters of Nicaragua. si: ett ccc ceact ccc nncsencescces Mr. J. RANDELL on the Position in the Great Oolite, and the Mode of Work- SeneseMPeHe EsAGlt AUECCEEOTIG |. 0 5. leis jo sidis ries sinje a 0 8 wos e's 01h 9 0 + sid spina mere< Professor W. B. Rogers on a Peculiar Fossil found in the Mesozoic Sand- stone of the Connecticut Valley ...........sseeceseesscees tees eeeees Dr. R. N. Rusipes on the Relations of the Silurian Schist with the Quartzose Rocks of South Africa ..... Doha jSfeds) eragas oasis ssi; Mave sn 's math iige «+. sep siareuters. oleae Mr. J. W. SaLTER on some New Forms of Olenoid Trilobites from the Lowest HHcesMITerOUS FLOCKS OL WIGS, «on cis eves cis s iviccis jee @nje« sis ejeisise edness ——____—_—— on the Old Pre-Cambrian (Laurentian) Island of St. David’s, MANPIOOKERUING: os suet] stelorettecn oles Stave eueicte cic cies ec'e.r's ties © esis Seatmemnte enn Mr. W. Sanpvers’s Brief Explanation of a Geological Map of the Bristol Coal- OPM ore ccs ce CIA Mae Lae cuba PE lsicndlats ds. PR omens ache 61 67 67 68 x CONTENTS. Page Mr. W. A. Sanrorp’s Notice of Carnassial and Canine Teeth from the Mendip a Caverns, probably belonging to Felis antiqua (syn. Pardus) ..........005. Mr. Harry SrEey on the Pterodactyle as Evidence of a new Subclass of Vertebrata, (OSU Orns) yd sters apotoratetel- aieiatehs’o(atee ches ciatcles > <¥o oiaisMefelebeetelc on the Significance of the Sequence of Rocks and Fossils Mr. W. W. Smyru on the Thermal Water of the Clifford Amalgamated Mines of Cornwalliga si} dasine toa & Sco adtersiablaccdes vad eee oedd sas maleate SR Mr. H. C. Sorsy on the Conclusion to be drawn from the Physical Structure OLSOME AM ELCOMLES Site sina fe fle ists n'e ye 8 crale.s > uelicps ea ca as en ea Mr. W. W. Sroppart on the Lowest Beds of the Clifton Carboniferous Series Professor Tennant on Agates found on our Coasts .......6... eee eee Rey. H. B. Tristram on a Bone Breccia with Flints in Lebanon .......... ——___————— on the Sulphur and Bitumen Deposit at the South-West Camior of theyDend Senne sy. d2..ccseaien slavis} «ads «as seems Be SAREE ee Mr. Henry Woopwarp on the Family of the Eurypteridee, with Descrip- tions of some New Genera and Species ............cceeeee ec neeeeeees Dr. THomas Wrieut on the Development of Ammonites ............0005 on the White Lias of Dorsetshire ............0000. BOTANY ann ZOOLOGY, tnctuptne PHYSIOLOGY. Address by Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., President of the Section ............-. Borany. Professor BALFouR’s Notice of some Rare Scotch Plants.............00005 Professor BuckMAN on a Curious Form of Aguilegia vulgaris .....0. sc eevee on Datura Stramonium and Datura Tatula ....c.cceues Dr. DavuBEny on the Decay of Species, and on the Natural Provisions for Ex- LENGTH SMELT) TALON wetness cin din opele ofthe aioe rin.) e/a) ests ahd ee ar Mr. M. Moeerings on the Old Welsh Mistletoe Cure for St. Vitus’s Dance. . Drs MGT TR: ON FOr OUGCece’ eset dunn esoreig dass sys\edn viv eos =i2 (she otsysu28 sda daa Dr. R. RippExt on Balatta and other Gums regarded as a Substitute for Gutta Perla ot ben Ge snort etacieh ehlaiset) bo wos tivsisth ods ctu alent ZooLoey. Dr. Barkre on the Manatus Vogelii. (Extract of a Letter to Sir Joun R1- CHARDSONS) 4 rays elotek s/s soe ls nite fa ta “siohate wRehcbeloto anh wretel eee ieee pteee ors eens Oe Mr. C. Spencr Bate on an Ancient Cornish Barrow .............,.0000, ———_——————_ ona Human Skull and the Bones of Animals found with Pottery in a Kjokkenmédden on the Coast of Cormwall.................. Mr. RicHarD Brcx’s Observations on the Spinnerets of Spiders .......... Dr. B. BEpDoE on the Testimony of Local Phenomena to the Permanence of bs 1 aOR 4 Sov Ga GOA Clarice Sa Ras VaR ye eRe Sire Aes ac) Se Mr. Frank Bucxuanp on the Natural History and Cultivation of the Oyster —_____—_——_——— on Salmon-hatching and Salmon-ladders Mr. G. Busk on a very Ancient Human Cranium from Gibraltar ~I ou 86 ae CONTENTS. xi Page Dr. Epwarps Crisp's Contributions to the Anatomy of the Quadrumana, with a Comparative Estimate of the Intelligence of the Apes and Monkeys .... 92 on the Anatomy of the Struthiontde, Ostriches, Rheas, and. Casuaries ............... Pasiateleleis saetpe lage «ath apy ere yaks wean, 92 Mr. J. E. Danret on the Mollusca of Bath, and an account of Parasites found THD SURO CER Oe ee ie Bia are er MR Olas ae a ee ee 93 Dr. Joun Davy’s Observations on the Salmonide, chiefly relating to their SEEGER Gio. ati aris’ Wawnn Fk ye «Se ad 7a ee \fafox) OD Mr. F. Gatton, First Steps towards the Domestication of Animals ........ 93 Dr. GrorGE Duncan Grsp on the Essential Points of Difference between the Larynx of the Negro and that of the White Man ...............0..0055 94 Dr. J. E. Gray on the New Corals from the Shetlands ...............04. 95 ———_-———’s Notes on the Whalebone Whales; with a Synopsis of the OED fcc arte es ites Ie walt dbeeprartsmtaig lt Sol 5a eam, Sora 95 Mr. C. OrtLry Groom on the Food of Birds...............0ceeeeee eae Dr. W. Brrp Heraparts on the Pedicellarie of the Echinodermata........ 95 on the Genus Synapta...., «tric dirs ecto izeis eevee ha. 97 Mr. Samurt HieHiry on the Application of Photography and the Magic Lantern to Class Demonstrations in Microscopic Science and Natural RE RS ei TPN lids ind wads hye aciaigi Ad MMos Skip Lins Sahm oe gy 98 Rey. Tomas Hincxs on some New Hydroid Zoophytes, and on the Classifica- tion and Terminology of the Hydroida...............ceeccececscvveeee 98 ——__- —— on the Medusoid of a Tubularian Zoophyte, and its Re- turn’ to a fixed Condition after the Liberation of the Ova................ 99 Mr. J. Gwyn Jerrreys’s Remarks on Stilifer, a Genus of quasi-Parasitic Mollusks, with particulars of the European Species, &. Turtoni .......... 99 Mr. T. Jounson’s Account of the Successful Accomplishment of the Plan to transport Salmon-Ova to Australia ......... 0... cece cece cence eeeeeeee 99 Mr. E. R. LANKEsTER on the Genus Pteraspis .....06.6000 0 ccc ccc eae 100 Mr. W. A. Sanrorn’s Notice of a New British Rhizopod and some other MPD fo S00 eri teGae Hees Comet dete Sages Tec sheet 100 Dr. Scorr on the Turdus torquatus as observed in Devonshire.............. 100 Mr. Harry SrErey on the Significance of the Septa and Siphuncles of BBIODOR SNUG ob micas oan nasi ogee was ickerronets asta Meals ay ant See ah ae 100 " Puystonoey. Address by Dr. Epwarp Suiru, LL.B., F.R.S., President of the Subsection. 101 Mr. Francis Baruam on the Alimentary Character of Nitrogen Gas ...... 117 Dr. J. Hugues Bennett on the Physiological Aspect of the Sewerage Ques- = tha Nena sag pliliroreysioger ortwe cermin apeiisatt yoptelaried | ici aahdletll 117 —————_———"s Description of M. Marey’s New Sphygmograph.... 119 Dr. R. Boyn’s Observations on the Measurements of the Head and Weight of the Brain in 696 cases of Insanity ........ 0.0 cc cece eevee eee eens 119 Dr. Li. T. A. Carter on the Lymphatics in the Liver of Man and the Pig .. 119 Dr. T. Spencer CopsBoxp on Food as a Source of Entozoa................ 119 Dr. Epwarps Crisp on Valves in the Abdominal Veins .................. 120 ——___——_. on the Size of the Blood-corpuscle in relation to the Size of the Animal, its Swiftness and Powers of Endurance.................. 121 Xli CONTENTS. Page Dr. Joun Davy on the Temperature of the Sexes ..... esc cee eeeeeeeeee . 121 ’s Observations on the Horse-chestnut (sculus hippocasta- EUR) INT, Petco GE Beata tta ce eI o heotane AGN INE. te ae cones ve TE Bir dels LCREON OM Well TReUrted. so. 2. 5st ses ot ss nas toss =.= 6s see 122 Mr. GrorcE Frean on the Use of Milk and Scotch Barley as an Article of I a tr Sk ie ti aan ee Pi 122 Mr. R. Garner on the Vocal Organ of the Corira, an Aquatic Insect ...... 122 Dr. GrorGE Duncan Gruss on the Various Forms assumed by the Glottis .. 122 ’s Note on the Action of the Bromides of Lithium, Zinc, and Lead..... At ontiaa egronke Scomiete lane trenton erence arte on Sherine 123 Dr. JoHN GoopMAN on the Functions of the Liver ..........cecceceseees 123 Mr. ALFRED HaviLaAnp on the Hour of Death in Acute and Chronic Disease 123 Dr. Tuomas HaypEN on the Relative and Special Applications of Fat and SMAI BS IOSPIFAGOTY (HOO. sarees >>) piesa e/oye.chokay +: +) 918 »-4,¥:0) 8476. 5hard 5 Eee 124 Dr. W. Brrp Heraparu on the Occurrence of Indigo in Purulent Dis- charges';i.....- Soiriow nc ocid a SS-cinis COCO AOT CE an OOE ICO MSt aro Ones 124 Dr. T. Junop on the Physiological Effects of the Vacuum Apparatus ...... 125 Mr. C.-G. Monrerrru on the Lentil as an Article of Food, and its Use from the Earliest Historical Time ......... Melon prsithe Clee ey) erekettinieon enna 125 Mr. W. E. C. Nourse on the Action of the Nervous Tissue concerned in Per- EMCO tet tre Mee cly vie wir chee een ee aoe aera ao an Bes wie age tale ey enero 125 Mr. W. T. 8S. PripEavx on the Functions of the Cerebellum ..... wcletdieralain, Le Dr. B. W. RicHarpson on the Inhalation of Oxygen Gas ...........46- +» 125 on the Physiological Effects of Tobacco .......... 126 Dr. Epwarp Smiru, What-is the Best Method of Estimating the Nutritive Values of Foods and Dietaries?......... ape sttorchet 2 ial Rs gtays cose oust pale pear 128 Dr. J. TouRNAmM on Obliteration of the Sutures in One Class of Ancient British Ee eee mir dcacpens Gt’ iis, + Blnuneph BX cules shaban Be sc ieye ibe eral ee 128 Mr. Witi1am Turner on a Supplementary System of Nutrient Arteries for EC MIMUTOS ee retatestcta ree nvsierrs ose « elucmeat ore cess Ore ee oe 129 on Cranial Deformities—Trigonocephalus ae 129 GEOGRAPHY anp ETHNOLOGY. Address of Sir Roprericx I. Murcuison, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., \V-P.G.8., President of the: Section, yew. sw: men dnc sed canoe: 130 Mr. Krrru E. Anporr on the Province of ANZOBORLI A 5c sos as, sole ove fee tt LOR Col. Sir James Epwarp ALEXANDER’s Notes on the Maories of New Zea- land, with Suggestions for their Pacification and Preservation .......... 136 Dr. A. Bastian on the Ethnology of Cambodia ,.............cccccceeeece 136 Mr. H. W. Bates on the Delta of the Amazons ...........eeccceeee aie Lea Dr. H. Brrp’s Account of the Human Bones found in Tumuli situated on the Cotteswold Hills ...........ccceeeees ete a wane er Te ooo -. 187 Sir GEorGE Bowen on the Advance of Colonization in North-Eastern Australia 137 Captain Burton on the Present State of Dahome...... ai a.a «e's 01y Re 137 pm ————— ON HHS RIVER CONLO a sere wp nie, vi0,5>p 0:6:5 a pra.> dip. 2.0.4 83 ee 140 Mr. JoHN CAMERON on the Islands of Kalatoa and Puloweh .............. 140 a CONTENTS. xiii P Mr. Hype Crark on the Iberian Population of Asia Minor anterior to the * NAS She hae ented do Corde arec ee GOON COCR - SCUCIRCCRE ot: Ce ennIEEE 140 Rev. G. CLowss on the Western Shores of the Dead Sea ................ 141 Viscount Mitton and Dr. Curapuix’s Account of an Expedition across the Rocky Mountains into British Columbia, by the Yellow-Head or Leather LOPS Gocbt J acad ody oglhd Gt SHE Ded ane ead debdio oc Bae dation Oratory ee Me pae ce 141 Mr. Joun CrawFurp on the Sources of the. Supply of Tin for the Bronze Waolsand Weapons of Antiquity sc: .....c cess ects ttccsccencccseccns 142 ——_—___——————— on the Supposed Infecundity of Human Hybrids or aaaiee ecm aaee Ne Peet che threat ots tates = ohehstel ots) chol\ or clatahel evcvesctevewsis statstcbersdersionersei verses 142 ———_-—— on the Early Migration of Man ................000: 143 on the supposed Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages of So- LIZ. o co gpobyolcigesbiow amotio os oracle ear ok carte icerininis othe Mache aceaRenr Mr. Cuarites M. Doveuty on the Yostedal Brae, a large Glacier-system in Se eMMEOAMMR DL OTOV EN VIT Gi arctetarst ee. faie = jer leicte'e ates wooe ulate aMMINaTa ee vo ein a ecole Sir C. Exrror on a recent Harthquake at St. Helena ........... ce eeeeees 143 Rey. T. Farrar on the Fixity of the Types of Man .........ssseseesveeee 143 Professor HARLEY on the Poisoned Arrows of Savage Man..........eeeees 144 M. ALEXANDER Hippivus on Russian Trade with Bokhara .............005 145 M. Nicozas pr Kwantxor on the Ethnology of the Iranian Race....:..... 145 Miss Murr Macxenzir’s Narrative of her Journeys in the South Slavonic countries of Austria and Turkey in Europe ..... Ray MER atehicn She. Ft tat 145 Mr. KennetH Mac ea on a remarkable Storm and Beach Wave at St. Shotts, RRR PIPER co una) vn ace x) 9-6 win 0. 0:m SiayeieonlSlo Bray molnucx Paget wer of ip aha soar 145 Ce re) Mr. SamuEet Mossman on the Atmosphere, showing that there is a difference in its Vital Constituents North and South of the Equator ............ 146 Mr. Joun PstueEricr, Latest News from Mr. S. Baker, the Traveller in Central Africa ...... oselereishl beats, afeieistewee. “patel awle ea masvatsh ako Mila eC tapes ah sole 146 Mr. Ree. Stuart Poors on the Ethnic Relations of the Egyptian Race ..., 146 Mr. T. S, PrrpEavx on the Principles of Ethnology ..............6-5 Soverea 147 The Duc pE Rovsiixon on the Scythians ............ccceeeeeeceeeveees 147 Sir Rosrrt Scoompurex’s Journey to Xiengmai and Moulmein.......... 147 Dr. SHorrrT on some Rude Tribes supposed to be the Aborigines of Southern PERERA GSA «NEE Se coe ce eek ent y es re tone eer ee Ceres Lieut.-Col. SaowrErs on the Meenas, a Wild Tribe of Central India........ 147 Mr. RicHarp Spruce on the Physical Geography of the Peruvian Coast Valleys of Chira and Piura, and the adjacent Deserts ..............0005 148 ——__—____—_——— on the River Purtis ........... cece ccc e ee aes 148 Mr. M‘Dovatt Srvart’s Account of his Journey across Australia ........ 148 Mr. J. G. TayLor’s Notes on Kurdistan .......cccceeccseueseveeueeeenes 148 Rey. H. B. Tristram on the Physical and Political Geography of the Jordan Valley and Hastern Palestine... 20.08. eee le cee eee eect ebecereres 148 M. VamBrry on the Turcoman Tribes of Central Asia............++..005. 148 FAA ISLUS CO PSEA RICHI ora, oy foils 0.5; oper efe.oy6 is. or oven, oie sa) Paya ohne .g 148 Mr. ALBERT WALKER’s Journey along the West Coast of Middle Island, New PRCA AUTID oF cinschQhMeeei es Ae PCP AISTON HO Eine baiths 15 wale miapede! o coulety Webatelcetes 8% 148 Mr. ALFRED R, Wa..ace on the Progress of Civilization in Northern Celebes 149 Xiv CONTENTS. Page Mr. James Fox Wiuson on the Increasing Desiccation of Inner Southern Africa otute tote tote fete Tete {oo tate te. 'e "eo cap 0 lbie iy pte tele eo ¢'e \6 "e%e le ‘e's fete ote te soe ee e's ee wos ECONOMIC SCIENCE anp STATISTICS. Address by Witi1aM Farr, M.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., the President of the Sec- OTM ees siseeane fee Bese crete alei wake ashes AaWeVIST hs, onan el to shonin tahae «ce oes ta Read 151 Mr. SamvurEt Brown on the Rates of Mortality and Marriage amongst Euro- POCA TH ENGI ae asp aie ini nie eieininis sie sae sieueie noes evens secs ete scissile s 165 Mr. W. Cuetwynpd on the Progress of Postal Banks (Post-Office Savings- BEDRMS Me a ehh Sie ch asp pl Goa 5 so 9,91 a ony oe 163 Mr, HanprEt CossHam, Statistics relative to the Bristol Coal-Field ...... 164 Mr. E. B. Extiortr on Military Statistics of certain Armies, especially those PRP MM IPERS CALOS ciel a a aiehe a kite asa iain oaks oTa none a on pele ee 164 Dr. WiLx1AM Farr’s Life Tables, by the Swedish Calculating Machine (with Photographs of the Machine by A. Claudet) co 00. oie ae ae nner 165 Professor Henry Fawcett on the Causes which Produce the Present High vate, Of DISGOUMb RIS, Aletaetele achat ois, afaldcctelarevels Wuraiolely chatalutiteeleiey ehte aretante rt 165 Colonel C. W. Grant’s Notes on a Cotton Chart, showing the Effect on Cotton of the Civil War in America Mr, R. T. Gort’s Statement of the Mortality of the City of Bath ....... oS aaa ey M. Gurrry on Crime in England and France Major-General HannyneTon’s remarks on the French Calculating Machine . 167 Mr. R. HERBERT, Statistics of Live Stock ...........cccecevevncereees 167 Mr. James Heywoop on the Recommendations of the Public School Com- missioners for the Distribution of School Time .............0eeeeeevees 167 Rey. Dr. Hume on the Locality of the various Religious Bodies in Ireland .. 169 Lieutenant-Colonel Krennepy on the British Home and Colonial Empire in ate: Martial) Relathonsy terse. ccjslecteypiehtelsle(s)deibicieistrs -tnjefe bar ciete nie em es 169 Professor LronE Levi on the Economical Administration of the Navy...... 169 ——__—_—_—_—_—, Statistics on the Number and Occupations of Foreigners rhage GMgis nnd vod sao ceeniciioa Bods OMaBOO: nnd ds saBoeangreo canned 169 Mr. A. B, MrppLETon on the Sanitary Statistics of Salisbury ........ ose» 169 Mri. Prratan on) Briet Waiting: jars i loft. 2+ ore uw arobfe sis taiosees dteletetels ete eee 169 Mr. FREDERICK PurRpy on the Quantity and Value of Foreign Grain imported into the United Kingdom since the Repeal of the Corn Laws Mr. T. W. SaunpErs, Statistics of Crime and Criminals in England ...... 172 Mr. Epwarp SPENDER on the “Truck System” in some Parts of the West (oj id th Ved FCs eran Se ns roots Gere RAO Se SAA. soe 175 Dr. J. A. Symonps on the Sanitary Statistics of Clifton ................65 176 Mr. Witx1aM Tire on the Comparative Rates of Mortality in Paris and Hhondon Wapussatetet eleva stele esi e e)aiau chy ekogste as cali rains ae re teee at tne 177 Colonel Torrens on the Land-Transfer of Australia as applicable to Ireland. 179 Mr. W. WESTGARTH, Statistics of Crime in Australia ..........00ee-00 180 Mr. J. Wi1ison on the Registration of Births and Deaths in Ireland........ 180 Dr. Epwarp WI1son, Sanitary Statistics of Cheltenham ................ 180 CONTENTS, XV MECHANICAL SCIENCE. Address by Joun Hawxsuaw, F.R.S., F.G.S., President of the Section .... 183 Mr. Peter W. Bariow on the Power required to overcome the Vis Inertiz of Railway Trains, with a Description of a Machine to propel Trains between - Stations at frequent Intervals without Locomotives ...............ee00. 184 Admiral Sir E. BrtcHer on Improvements in the Defence of Ships of War.. 185 Mr. Epwarp CusarLeswortu on the New Elevator Gun ......... Ey asateie ciel 185 Mr. ZERAH CoLBURN on Steam Boilers ............ccsseeeseccsasesaves 185 Captain Dory on the Torpedoes used by the Confederate States in the Destruc- tion of some of the Federal Ships of War, and the Mode of attaching them to the Rams. (Communicated by Admiral Sir E. Betcwer.) .......... 185 Mr. G. Fawcus on Suggested Improvements in Doors ...........eeeeeeees 186 on Improvements in Scaling- and other Ladders .......... 186 Mr. GrorGE BELL GaLLoway on Improvements in Screw Propellers .,.... 186 on Lifeboats for Ships and Steamers........ 186 Mr. GrorGE GLoveR on Instruments for the Measurement of Gas ........ 186 Mr. G. Harntmann’s Description of a Parallel Gauge .........0..0ee seus 186 Captain A. HENDERSON on the Practical Progress of Naval Architecture in cean and River Steamers, with Suggestions for Improvements in the Steer- age of the Great Eastern and large and small Ironclads, Rams, and Gunboats, similar to the Assam Nautilus, iy the use of Balanced Rudders in Bow and EMEOMEMIOR OD, ies sie et essere oars sie eon cate POTEET . 186 Mr. R. A. Peacock on Chain-cable and Anchor Testing.............0000% 187 Mr. T. Symes Pripeavx on the Construction of Shot-proof Targets ........ 187 Professor W. J. Macquorn RANKINE on some of the Strains of Ships...... 187 — ———_ on Units of Measure .............. 188 Captain SeLwyn on Submarine Telegraphy ............ cc ccs eeeeee eens 188 Mr. J. L. Sroruert and Mr. Roperr Pirt on a Machine for Testing Girders 189 Mr. H.C. Sorpyon Microscopical Photographs of various Kinds of Iron andSteel 189 Mr. Symons on the Working of Underground Railways by Hydraulic Power 189 Mr. James Wix11AMs’s Experiments on the Elasticity of Iron ............ 190 Captain WHEATLEY on Plated Ships and their Armament ............... . 190 ——_—_—————. on Revolving Sails.......... ccc cece cece ee eee eens 190 on Improvements in the Defence of Ships of War...... 190 List of Papers of which Abstracts have not been received ...........++045 191 a IO Rare rt vate < r q 6 igslioa’ fx hi ft, a “Cowen gota) OE 7491 aah} pine: tideal (La Biiw suis rf pert o£ ni if ee te RN ote LJ null etsraypiions at i # cron a moda | inlieuth o Ju olga. open 1h deryi oe | odd — WiCre shee 27 oe precast AntvogtaM 8 LRT ib ee Awe a ee oe om } oil Ate aie ge ot ~ F iit BS | oe rar a i" as pans i ey ery’ Cu sce xs Aes aA whk He ie eur nig } ™ he il seal a et ts hain 14 ee tee seas ( k 7% - a: oe te et 4 fae sain eongipnns repttomovnd gieesbtA: daid | bits Soo aap te eae OBJECTS AND RULES THE ASSOCIATION. —<>—_. OBJECTS. Tue Assocratton contemplates no interference with the ground occupied by other institutions. Its objects are,—To give a stronger impulse and a more systematic direction to scientific inquiry,—to promote the intercourse of those who cultivate Science in different parts of the British Empire, with one an- other, and with foreign philosophers,—to obtain a more general attention to the objects of Science, and a removal of any disadvantages of a public kind which impede its progress, RULES. ADMISSION OF MEMBERS AND ASSOCIATES. All persons who have attended the first Meeting shall be entitled to be- come Members of the Association, upon subscribing an obligation to con- form to its Rules, The Fellows and Members of Chartered Literary and Philosophical So- cieties publishing Transactions, in the British Empire, shall be entitled, in like manner, to become Members of the Association. The Officers and Members of the Councils, or Managing Committees, of Philosophical Institutions, shall be entitled, in like manner, to become Mem- bers of the Association. All Members of a Philosophical Institution recommended by its Council or Managing Committee, shall be entitled, in like manner, to become Mem- bers of the Association. Persons not belonging to such Institutions shall be elected by the General Committee or Council, to become Life Members of the Association, Annual Subscribers, or Associates for the year, subject to the approval of a General Meeting. COMPOSITIONS, SUBSCRIPTIONS, AND PRIVILEGES. Lire Memerrs shall pay, on admission, the sum of Ten Pounds. They shall receive gratuitously the Reports of the Association which may be pub- lished after the date of such payment. They are eligible to all the offices of the Association. Awnvat Sunscrisers shall pay, on admission, the sum of Two Pounds, and in each following year the sum of One Pound. They shall receive gratuitously the Reports of the Association for the year of their admission and for the years in which they continue to pay without intermission their Annual Subscription. By omitting to pay this Subscription in any particu- lar year, Members of this class (Annual Subscribers) lose for that and all future years the privilege of receiving the volumes of the Association gratis: but they may resume their Membership and other privileges at any sub- sequent Meeting of the Association, paying on each such occasion the sum of One Pound. They are eligible to all the Offices of the Association. Assoctares for the year shall pay on admission the sum of One Pound. They shall not receive gratuitously the Reports of the Association, nor be a to serve on Committees, or to hold any office. 4, b Xvill RULES OF THE ASSOCIATION. The Association consists of the following classes :— 1. Life Members admitted from 1831 to 1845 inclusive, who have paid on admission Five Pounds as a composition. 2. Life Members who in 1846, or in subsequent years, have paid on ad- mission Ten Pounds as a composition. 3. Annual Members admitted from 1831 to 1839 inclusive, subject to the payment of One Pound annually. [May resume their Membership after in- termission of Annual Payment. | ; 4. Annual Members admitted in any year since 1839, subject to the pay- ment of Two Pounds for the first year, and One Pound in each following year. [May resume their Membership after intermission of Annual Pay- ment. 3. ie a for the year, subject to the payment of One Pound. 6. Corresponding Members nominated by the Council, And the Members and Associates will be entitled to receive the annual yolume of Reports, gratis, or to purchase it at reduced (or Members’) price, according to the following specification, viz. :— 1. Gratis.—Old Life Members who have paid Five Pounds as a compo- sition for Annual Payments, and previous to 1845 a further sum of Two Pounds as a Book Subseription, or, since 1845, a further sum of Five Pounds. New Life Members who haye paid Ten Pounds as a compo- sition. Annual Members who have not intermitted their Annual Sub- scription. 2. At reduced or Members’ Prices, viz. two-thirds of the Publication Price.—Old Life Members who have paid Five Pounds as a composition for Annual Payments, but no further sum as a Book Subscription. Annual Members who have intermitted their Annual Subscrip- tion. Associates for the year, [Privilege confined to the volume for that year only. | 3. Members may purchase (for the purpose of completing their sets) any of the first seventeen volumes of Transactions of the Associa- tion, and of which more than 100 copies remain, at one-third of the Publication Price. Application to be made (by letter) to Messrs. Taylor & Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet St., London. Subscriptions shall be received by the Treasurer or Secretaries. MEETINGS. The Association shall meet annually, for one week, or longer. The place of each Meeting shall be appointed by the General Committee at the pre- vious Meeting ; and the Arrangements for it shall be entrusted to the Officers of the Association. GENERAL COMMITTEE. The General Committee shall sit during the week of the Meeting, or longer, to transact the business of the Association. It shall consist of the following persons :— 1. Presidents and Officers for the present and preceding years, with authors of Reports in the Transactions of the Association. 2. Members who have communicated any Paper to a Philosophical Society, which has been printed in its Transactions, and which relates to such subjects as are taken into consideration at the Sectional Meetings of the Association. RULES OF THE ASSOCIATION, xix 3. Office-bearers for the time being, or Delegates, altogether not exceed- ‘ing three in number, from any Philosophical Society publishing Transactions. 4. Office-bearers for the time being, or Delegates, not exceeding three, from Philosophical Institutions established in the place of Meeting, or in any place where the Association has formerly met. 5. Foreigners and other individuals whose assistance is desired, and who are specially nominated in writing for the Meeting of the year by the Presi- dent and General Secretaries. 6. The Presidents, Vice-Presidents, and Secretaries of the Sections are ex-officio members of the General Committee for the time being. SECTIONAL COMMITTEES. The General Committee shall appoint, at each Meeting, Committees, con- sisting severally of the Members most conversant with the several branches of Science, to advise together for the advancement thereof. The Committees shall report what subjects of investigation they would particularly recommend to be prosecuted during the ensuing year, and brought under consideration at the next Meeting. The Committees shall recommend Reports on the state and progress of particular Sciences, to be drawn up from time to time by competent persons, for the information of the Annual Meetings. COMMITTEE OF RECOMMENDATIONS. The General Committee shall appoint at each Meeting a Committee, which shall receive and consider the Recommendations of the Sectional Committees, and report to the General Committee the measures which they would advise to be adopted for the advancement of Science. All Recommendations of Grants of Money, Requests for Special Re- searches, and Reports on Scientific Subjects, shall be submitted to the Com- _ mittee of Recommendations, and not taken into consideration by the General Committee, unless previously recommended by the Committee of Recom- mendations. LOCAL COMMITTEES, Local Committees shall be formed by the Officers of the Association to assist in making arrangements for the Meetings. Local Committees shall have the power of adding to their numbers those Members of the Association whose assistance they ey desire. OFFICERS, A President, two or more Vice-Presidents, one or more ‘Secretaries, and a Treasurer, shall be annually appointed by the General Committee. COUNCIL. In the intervals of the Meetings, the affairs of the Association shall be managed by a Council appointed by the General Committee. The Council may also assemble for the despatch of business during the week of the Meeting. PAPERS AND COMMUNICATIONS. The Author of any paper or communication shall be at, liberty to reserve his right of property therein. ACCOUNTS. 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Yah TS UO spuaplarcy “ eeeecseee O}{IP 0941p ‘SJOyOLy, Solpe'T as suasecane oyIp —-o1NTP ‘sary, So}eI00ssy ce oWIp oIp ‘suoydrosqng jenuuy st *ereeeereees QOUTS PUL O]JSLOMON 4B SUOMISOdWOD aI] paatooaxy Trteereneeereceeeserseceers auNODIW ISU] WOJZ UO YSN oouRleg oy, “SLdIGOTU Jaquiaydag 03 (ONILAGIN DILSVOMAN JO JoulsouoWIMOD) EggT ‘9g sndny Woy TNOOOOV S.UAUOSVAUL TVYANAD GH “AONYIOS FO LNANGONVAGVY AHL YOX NOILVIOOSSV HSILIYE MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL. XXV II. Table showing the Names of Members of the British Association who have served on the Council in former years. Aberdeen, Earl of, LL.D., K.G., K.T., F-.R.S. (deceased). Acland, Sir T. D., Bart., M.A.,D.C.L.,F.R.S. Acland, Professor H. W., M.D., F.R.S. Adams, Prof. J. Couch, M.A., D.C.L., F.R:S. Adamson, John, Esq., F.L.S. Ainslie, Rev. Gilbert, D.D., Master of Pem- broke Hall, Cambridge. Airy,G.B.,M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S., Astr. Royal. Alison, ProfessorW. P.,M.D.,F.R.S.E.(dec?). Allen, W. J. C., Esq. Anderson, Prof. Thomas, M.D. Ansted, Professor D. T., M.A., F.R.S. Argyll, G. Douglas, Duke of, F.R.S. L. & E. Armstrong, Sir W. G., F.R.S. Arnott, Neil, M.D., F.R.S. Ashburton, William Bingham, Lord, D.C.L. Atkinson, Rt. Hon. R., late Lord Mayor of Dublin. Babbage, Charles, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Babington, Professor C. C., M.A., F.R.S. Baily, Francis, Esq., F.R.S. (deceased). Baines, Rt. Hon. M. T., M.A., M.P. (dec?). Baker, Thomas Barwick Lloyd, Esq. Balfour, Professor John H., M.D., F.R.S. Barker, George, Esq., F.R.S. (deceased). Bath, The Most Noble the Marquis of. Bath, The Venerable the Archdeacon of. Beamish, Richard, Esq., F.R.S. Beechey, Rear-Admiral, F.R.S. (deceased). Bell, Isaac Lowthian, Esq. Bell, Professor Thomas, V.P.L.S., F.R.S. Bengough, George, Esq. Bentham, George, Esq., Pres.L.S. Biddell, George Arthur, Esq. Bigge, Charles, Esq. Blakiston, Peyton, M.D., F.R.S. Boileau, Sir John P., Bart., F.R.S. Boyle, Right Hon. D., Lord Justice-General (deceased). Brady,The Rt. Hon. Maziere, M.R.1.A., Lord Chancellor of Ireland. Brand, William, Esq. Breadalbane, John, Marquis of, K.T., F.R.S. (deceased). Brewster, Sir David, K.H., D.C.L., LL.D., B.R.S. L. & E., Principal of the Uni- versity of Edinburgh. Brisbane, General Sir Thomas M., Bart., K.C.B., G.C.H., D.C.L., F.R.S. (dec?). Brodie, Sir B. C., Bart., D.C.L., P.R.S. (deceased). Brooke, Charles, B.A., F.R.S. Brown, Robert, D.C.L., F.R.S. (deceased). Brunel, Sir M. I., F.R.S. (deceased). Buckland, Very Rev. William, D.D., F.R.S., Dean of Westminster (deceased). _ Bute, John, Marquis of, K.T. (deceased). Carlisle, G. W. Fred., Earl of, F-R.S. (dec*), Carson, Rey. Joseph, F.T.C.D. Cathcart, Lt.-Gen., Earl of, K.C.B., F.R.S.E. (deceased). Challis, Rev. J., M.A., F.B.S. Chalmers, Rev. T., D.D. (deceased). Chance, James, Hsq. Chester, John Graham, D.D., Lord Bishop of (deceased). Chevallier, Rev. Temple, B.D., F.R.A.S. Christie, Professor 8. H., M.A., F.R.S. Clapham, R. C., Esq. Clare, Peter, Esq., F.R.A.S. (deceased). Clark, Rev. Prof., M.D., F.R.S. (Cambridge.) Clark, Henry, M.D. Clark, G. T., Esq. Clear, William, Esq. (deceased). Clerke, Major S., K.H., R.E., F.R.S. (dec‘). Clift, William, Esq., F.R.S. (deceased). Close, Very Rev. F., M.A., Dean of Carlisle. Cobbold, John Chevalier, Esq., M.P. Colquhoun, J. C., Esq., M.P. (deceased). Conybeare, Very Rey. W. D., Dean of Llan- daff (deceased). Cooper, Sir Henry, M.D. Cork and Orrery, The Rt. Hon. the Earl of, Lord-Lieutenant of Somersetshire. Corrie, John, Esq., F.R.S. (deceased). Crum, Walter, Esq., F.R.S. Currie, William Wallace, Esq. (deceased). Dalton, John, D.C.L., F.R.S. (deceased). Daniell, Professor J. F., F.R.S. (deceased). Darbishire, R. D., Esq., B.A., F.G.S. Dartmouth, William, Ear! of, D.C.L., F.R.S. Darwin, Charles, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Daubeny, Prof. C. G. B., M.D.,LL.D., F.R.S. DelaBeche, Sir H. T., C.B., F.R.S., Director- Gen. Geol. Sury. United Kingdom (dec*). De la Rue, Warren, Ph.D., F.R.S. Derby, Earl of, D.C.L., Chancellor of the University of Oxford. Devonshire, W., Duke of, M.A.,D.C.L.,F.R.S. Dickinson, Francis H., Esq. Dickinson, Joseph, M.D., F.R.S. Dillwyn, Lewis W., Esq., F.R.S. (deceased). Donkin, Professor W. F., M.A., F.R.S. Drinkwater, J. E., Esq. (deceased). Ducie, The Ear] of, F.R.S. Dunraven, The Ear] of, F.R.S. Egerton, Sir P. de M. Grey, Bart.,M.P.,F.R.S. Eliot, Lord, M.P. Ellesmere, Francis, Ear] of, F.G.S. (dec*). Enniskillen, William, Earl of, D.C.L., F.R.S. Estcourt, T. G. B., D.C.L. (deceased). Fairbairn, William, LL.D., C.E., F.R.S. Faraday, Professor, D.C.L., F.R.S. Ferrers, Rey. N. M., M.A. FitzRoy, Rear-Admiral, F.R.S. (deceased). Fitzwilliam, The Earl, D.C.L., F.R.S. (dec*). Fleming, W., M.D. Fletcher, Bell, M.D. Foote, Lundy E., Esq. Forbes, Charles, Esq. (deceased). Forbes, Prof. Edward, F.R.S. (deceased). Forbes,Prof. J. D., LL.D., F.R.S.,Sec. R.S.E. Principal of University of St. Andrews, Fox, Robert Were, Esq., F.R.S. Frost, Charles, F.S.A. Fuller, Professor, M.A. Galton, Francis, F.R.S., F.G.S. XXVI Gassiot, John P., Hsq., F.R.S. Gilbert, Davies, D.C. ‘i F.R.S. (deceased). Gladstone, J. H., Ph. D, E.B.S ead em The Very Rev. i; D. D., Dean of y: Gourlie, William, Esq. (deceased), Graham, T., M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S., Master of the Mint. Gray, John E., Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S. Gray, Ji onathan, Esq. (deceased). Gray, William, Hsq., F.G.8. Green, Prof. Joseph Henry, D.C.L., F.R.S8. (deceased). Greenough, G. B., Esq., F.R.S. (deceased). Griffith, George, M.A., F.C.S8. Griffith, Sir R. Griffith, Bt., LL.D., M.R.LA. Grove, W. R., Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Hallam, Henry, Hsq., M.A., F.R.S. (dec*). Hamilton, W. J., Hsq., F.R.S., See. GS, Hamilton, Sir Wm. R., LL.D., Astronomer Royal of Ireland, M.R.1.A., F.R.A.S. Hancock, W. Neilson, LL.D. Harcourt, Rey. Wm. Vernon, M.A., F.R.S. Hardwicke, Charles Philip, Earl of, F.R.S. Harford, J. 8., D.C.L., F-R.8. Harris, Sir W. Snow, F.R.S. Harrowby, The Earl of, F.R.S. Hatfeild, William, eae ¥.G.S. (deceased). Henry, W. C., M.D., F.R.S. Henry, Rey. P. 8., D. D. ,Pr esident of Queen’s College, Belfast. Henslow, Rey. Professor, M.A., F.L.S. (dec*). Herbert, Hon. and Very Rev. Wm., LL.D., F.L.8., Dean of Manchester (dec*), Hereford, The Very Rey. the Dean of. Herschel, Sir John F.W., Bart., M.A., D.C.L., FE.RS. Heywood, Sir Benjamin, Bart., F.R.S. Heywood, James, Hsq., F.R.S. Hill, Rev. Edward, M.A., E.GS. Hincks, Rev. Edward, D. i M.R.I.A. Hincks, Rey. Thomas, B ie Hinds, $., D.D., late Lord Bishop of Norwich (deceased). Hodgkin, Thomas, M.D. Hodgkinson, Professor Haton, F.R.S. (dec). Hodgson, J oseph, Esq., F.R.S. Hoge, John, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. Hooker, Sir William J., LL.D., F.R.S. Hope, Rev. F. W., M.A., F.R.S. Hopkins, William, Esq., M.A., LL.D., F.R.S, Horner, Leonard, Esq., F.R.S. (deceased). Houghton, Lord, D.C.L. Hovenden, V. F., Esq., M.A. Hugall, J. W., Esq. Hunt, Aug. H., Esq., B.A., Ph.D. Hutton, Robert, Esq., F.G.S8. Hutton, William, Hsq., F.G.S. (deceased). Ibbetson,Capt.L. E Boscawen, K.R.E.,F.G.S. Inglis, Sir R. H., Bart., D.C. ue M.P. (dec!) Inman, Thomas, M. D. Jacobs, Bethel, Esq. Jameson, Professor R., F-R.S. (deceased). Jardine, Sir William, Bart,, E.R.S.E. Jeffreys, John Gwyn, Hsq., ERS. Jellett, Rey. Professor. Jenyns, Rey. Leonard, F.L.8. REPORT—1864. Jerrard, H. B., Esq. Jeune, The Right Rey. F., D. C.L. Johnston, Right Hon. Wiliam, late Lord Provost of Edinburgh Johnston, Prof. J. F. W., ML fhe E.R.S. (dec*). Keleher, William, Hsq. ’(deceased). Kelland, Rey. Prof. P., M.A., F.R.S. L. & Ei. Kildare, The Marquis of. Lankester, Edwin, M.D., F.RB.S. Lansdowne, Hen., Marquis of, D.C.L.,F.R.S. Larcom, Major, RE, LL.D., F.RB.S. Lardner, Rey. Dr. (deceased). Lassell, William, Esq., F.R.S. L. & H. Latham, R. G., M.D., ERS. Lee, Very Rey, John, D.D., F.R.S.E., Prin- cipal of the University of Edinburgh (deceased). Lee, Robert, M.D., F.R.S. Lefevre, Right Hon. Charles Shaw, late Speaker of the House of Commons. Lemon, Sir Charles, Bart., F.R.S. Liddell, Andrew, Esq. (deceased). _ Liddell, Very Rev. H , D.D., Dean of Christ Church, Oxford. Lindley, Professor John, Ph.D., F.B.S. Listowel, The Earl of. Liveing, Prof. G. D., M.A., F.C.8. Lloyd, Rev. B., D. D., Provost of Trin. Coll., Dublin (dee eased). Lloyd, Rey. H., D.D., D.C.L., F.R.S. L.&E., M.R.LA. Londesborough, Lord, F.R.8. ovensetliya. Lubbock, Sir “John W,, Bart., M.A., F (deceased). Luby, Rey. Thomas, Lyell, Sir Charles, Bart.,M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., E.B.S. MacCullagh, Prof., D.C.L., M.R.1.A. (dec*). MacDonnell, Rey. R., D.D., M.R.1.A., Pro- vost of Trinity College, Dublin. Macfarlane, The Very Rev. Principal. (dec*). MacGee, William, M.D. MacLeay, William Sharp, Esq., F.L.S, MacNeill, Professor Sir John, F.R.S. Malahide, The Lord Talbot de. Malcolm, Vice-Ad. Sir Charles, K.C.B. (dec*). Maltby, Edward, D.D., F.R.8., late Lord Bishop of Durham ‘(deceased). Manchester, J. P. Lee, D.D., Lord Bishop of. Marlborough, Duke of, D. CL. Marshall, J. G., Esq., M. A., F.G.S8. May, Charles, Esq., ERAS. (deceased). Meynell, Thomas, Hsq., F.L.8. Middleton, Sir William F, F., Bart. Miller, Prof. W. A., M.D., Treas. & V.P.R.S. Miller, Professor W. H., M.A., For. Sec.R.8. Moggridge, Matthew, Esq. Moillet, J. D., Esq. (deceased). Monteagle, Lord, F.R.S. Moody, J. Sadleir, Esq. Moody, T. F., Esq. Moody, T. H. C., Esq. Morley, The Earl of. Moseley, Rev. Henry, M.A., F.R.S. Mount-Edgecumbe, Ernest Augustus, Ear! of. Murchison, Sir Roderick L,G.C.8t.8.,D.0.L., LL.D., F.RB.S, MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL. Neild, Alfred, Esq. Neill, Patrick, M. », F.R.S.E, Nelson, The Rt. Hon. Earl Nicol, D., M.D. Nicol, Professor J., E.R.S.E., F.G.S. Nicol, Rey. J. P., LL.D, Noble, Capt. A., "B.A. Northampton, Spencer Joshua Alwyne, Mar- quis of, V.P.R.S. (deceased). Northumberland, Hugh, Duke of, K.G.,M.A., E.R.S. (deceased). Ormerod, G. W., Esq., M.A., F.G.S. Orpen, Thomas Herbert, MD. (deceased). Orpen, John H., LL.D Osler, Follett, Esq. Fal R. 8. Owen, Prof., M.D., D.C.L., LL.D., F.B.S. Oxford, Samuel Wilberforce, D.D., Lord Bishop of, F.R.S., F.G.S. Palmerston, Visc., K.G.,G.C.B., M.P., F.R.S. Peacock, Very Rev. G., D.D., Dean of Ely, F.R.S. (deceased). Peel, Rt.Hon.Sir R.,Bart.,M.P.,D.C.L.(dec*). Pendarves, E. W., Esq., F.R.S. (deceased). Phillips, Professor John, M.A., LL.D.,F.R.S. Phillips, Rey. G., B.D., President of Queen’s College, Cambridge. Pigott, The Rt. Hon. D. R., M.R.I.A., Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland. Porter, G. R., Esq. (deceased). Portlock, Major-General, R.E.,LL.D., F.R.S. (deceased). Portman, The Lord. Powell, Rev. Professor, M.A., F.R.S. (dec*). Price, Rev. Professor, M.A., F.R.S. Prichard, J. C., M.D., F.R.S. (deceased). Ramsay, Professor William, M.A Ransome, George, Hsq., F.L.S. Reid, Maj.-Gen. Sir W., K.C.B., R.E., F.R.S. (deceased). Rendlesham, Rt. Hon. Lord, M.P. Rennie, George, Esq., F.R.S. Rennie, Sir John, F.R.S. Richardson, Sir John, C.B., M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (deceased). Richmond, Duke of, K.G., F.R.S. (dec). Ripon, Earl of, F.R.G.8 Ritchie, Rev. Prof., LL. D., F.R.S. (dec*). Robinson, Capt., R.A. Robinson, Rey. J., D.D. Robinson, Rey. T. R., D.D., F.R.S., F.R.A.S. Robison, Sir John, Sec.R.S. Edin. (deceased). Roche, James, Esq. Roget, Peter Mark, M.D., F.R.S. Rolleston, Professor, M.D., E.R.S. Ronalds, Francis, F.R.S. (deceased). Roscoe, Professor H. E., B.A., F.B.S. Rosebery, The Ear! of, K. cp: D. C.L., F.B.S. Ross, Rear-Admiral Sir J. C, R.N., D.CL., F-.R.S. (deceased). Rosse, Wm., Earl of, M.A., F.R.S., M.R.1.A. Royle, Prof. John F., M. D., ERS. (dec*). Russell, James, Esq. ‘(deceased). Russell, J. Scott, Esq., F.R.S. Sabine, “Major-General Edward, R.A., D.O.L., LL.D., President of the Royal. Society. - Sanders, William, Esq., F.R.S., F.G-S. Scoresby, Rey. W., D. D., FRS. (deceased). Sedgwick, Rey. Prof, M.A, D.C.L., E.R.S. XXVil Selby, Prideaux John, Esq., F.R.S.E. Sharpey, Professor, M, D., Sec.R.8. Sims, Sq. Smith, Lieut. -Col. C. Hamilton, F.R.8.(dec*), Smith, Prof. H. J. S., M.A., ERS. Smith, James, F.R.S. L. & BE. Spence, William, Esq., F.R.S. (deceased). Spottiswoode, W., M.A., F.RB.S. Stanley, Edward, D.D., F.R.S., late Lord Bishop of Norwich (deceased). Staunton, Sir G. T., Bt., M.P., D.C.L., F.R.S. St. David’s, C.Thirlwall,D.D.,LordBishop of. Stevelly, Professor John, LL.D. Stokes, Professor G.G., M.A.,D.C.L.,Sec.R.8. Strang, John, Esq., LL.D. Strickland, Hugh E., Hsq., F-B.S. Comer): Sykes, Colonel W. H., M.P., F.R Symonds, B. P., D.D. : Warden of Waslhiate College, Oxford. Talbot, W. H. Fox, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Tayler, Rev. John James, B.A. Taylor, Hugh, Esq. Taylor, John, Hsq., F.R.S. (deceased). Taylor, Richard, Esq., F.G. Thompson, William, Esq., ELS. (deceased). Thomson, A., Esq. Thomson, Professor William, M.A., F.R.S. Tindal, Captain, R.N. (deceased). Tite, William, Esq., M.P., F.R.S. Tod, James, Hsq., F.R.S.E. Tooke, Thomas, F.R.S. (deceased). Traill, J. S., M.D. (deceased). Trevelyan, Sir. W. C., Bart. Turner, Edward, MD., F.R.8. (deceased). Turner, Samuel, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S. (dec*). Turner, Rev. W. Tyndall, Professor John, F.R.S. Vigors, N. A., D.C.L., F.L.S. (deceased). Vivian, Feels Depa Lee FRS. (deceased). Walker, James, Esq., F.R.S. Walker, Joseph N., ae E.GS. Walker, Rev. Professor Robert, M.A., F.R.S. Warburton, Henry, Esq.,M.A., F.R.S.(dec*). Ward, W. Sykes, Esq., F.C.S. Washington, Captain, R.N., F.R.S. Way, A. E., Esq., M.P. Webster, Thomas, M.A., F.R.S. West, William, Esq., ERS. (deceased). Western, Thomas Burch, Esq. Wharncliffe, John Stuart, Lord, F.R.S8.(dec*). Wheatstone, Professor Ohavles, E.R.S. Whewell, Rev. William, D.D., F.R.S., Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. White, John F., Williams, Prof. oh J. B., M.D., E.R.S. Willis, Rev. Professor Robert, M.A., F.R.S. Wills, ‘William, Esq., F.G.8. (deceased). Wilson, Thomas, Esq., M.A Wilson, Prof. W. P; Winchester, John, Marquis of. Wood, N icholas, Esq. Woollcombe, Henry, Hsq., F.S.A. (deceased). Wrottesley, John, Lord, M.A.,D.C.L., F.R.S. Yarborough, The Earl of, D.C.L. Yarrell, William, Hsq., eos (deceased). Yates, James, Esq., M.A., FE.R.S. Yates, J. B.,, Esq., F.8,A., F.R.G,8. (dec*). OFFICERS AND COUNCIL, 1864-65. TRUSTEES (PERMANENT). Sir RopEeRick I. Murcuison, K.C.B., G.C.St.8., D.C.L., F.R.S. Major-General EDWARD SABINE, R.A., D.C.L., Pres. R.S, Sir Poinip DE M. GREY EGERTON, Bart., M.P., F.R.S. PRESIDENT. Sir CHARLES LYELL, Bart., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.8., F.G.8., F.L.8., F.R.G.S. VICE-PRESIDENTS. The Right Hon. The Eart oF CorK AND ORRERY, | The Venerable The ARCHDEACON OF BATH. Lord-Lieutenant of Somersetshire. W. Tire, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.8.A. The Most Noble The Marquis oF Baru. ARTHUR WAY, Esq., M.P. The Right Hon. Lorp NELSON. PRANCIS H. DICKINSON, Esq. The Lorp PoRTMAN. WILLIAM SANDERS, Esgq., F.R.S., F.G.S8. The Very Reverend The DEAN or HEREFORD. PRESIDENT ELECT. JOHN PHILLIPS, Esq., M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., Professor of Geology in the University of Oxford. VICE-PRESIDENTS ELECT. The Right Hon. The EArt or LICHFIELD, Lord- | The Right Reverend The Lorp Bisnop or Wor- Lieutenant of Staffordshire. CESTER. The Right Hon. The Earxt or DuDLEY. The Right Hon. C. B. ADDERLEY, M.P. The Right Hon. Lorp Lerten, Lord-Lieutenant of | WILLIAM SCHOLEFIELD, Esq., M.P. Warwickshire. J.T, CHANCE, Esq. The Right Hon. Lorp Lyrrrenton, Lord-Lieute- | F. OSLER, Esq., F.R.S. nant of Worcestershire. The Rey. CHARLES Eyans, M.A. The Right Hon. Lorp WRoTTESLEY, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S,, F.R.A.S. LOCAL SECRETARIES FOR THE MEETING AT BIRMINGHAM. WILLIAM MATHEWS, Esq., Jun., F.G.S. JouNn HENRY CHAMBERLAIN, Esq. The Rey. G. D. Boye, M.A. LOCAL TREASURER FOR THE MEETING AT BIRMINGHAM. WILLIAM HOLLIDAY, Esq. ORDINARY MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL. BABINGTON, Prof. C. C., F.R.S. MILLER, Prof. W.A., M.D., F.R.S. BatEMAN, J. F., Esq., F.R.S. ScLaTER, P. L., Esq., F.R.S. CRAWFURD, JOHN, Esq., F.R.S. SMITH, Professor HENRY, F.R.S. DELA RUE, WARREN, Esq., F.R.S. SmytTu, Prof. WARINGTON, F.R.S. FosTER, PETER LE NEVE, Esq. SroKEs, Professor G. G., Sec. F.R.S. GALTON, Capt. Douetas, R.E., F.R.S. Sykes, Colonel, M.P., F.R.S. GassioT, J. P., Esq., F.R.S. Tire, W., Esq., M.P., F.R.S. GLADSTONE, Dr., F.R.S. WHEATSTONE, Professor, F.R.S. GROVE, W. R., Esq., F.R.S. WEBSTER, THOMAS, Esq., F.R.S. HEYWOOD, JAMES, Esq., F.R.S. WILLIAMSON, Prof. A. W., F.R.S, Hutton, RoBeR?t, Esq., F.G.S. ‘ EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL. The President and President Elect, the Vice-Presidents and Vice-Presidents Elect, the General and Assistant-General Secretaries, the General Treasurer, the Trustees, and the Presidents of former years, viz.— Rey. Professor Sedgwick. Sir David Brewster. Professor Daubeny, M.D. The Duke of Devonshire. G. B. Airy, Esq., the Astronomer | The Rey. H. Lloyd, D.D. Rey. W. V. Harcourt. Royal. Richard Owen, M.D., D.C.L, Rey. W. Whewell, D.D. General Sabine, D.C.L. The Lord Wrottesley. The Earl of Rosse. William Hopkins, Esq., LL.D. William Fairbairn, Esq., LL.D. Sir John F. W. Herschel, Bart. | The Earl of Harrowby. The Rey, Professor Willis. Sir Roderick I. Murchison, K.C.B.} The Duke of Argyll. Sir W. G. Armstrong, C.B,, LL,D, The Rey. T. R. Robinson, D.D. GENERAL SECRETARIES. WILLIAM Hopkins, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., St. Peter’s College, Cambridge. FRANCIS GALTON, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.R.G.S., 42 Rutland Gate, Knightsbridge, London. ASSISTANT GENERAL SECRETARY. GEORGE GRIFFITH, Esq., M.A., Deputy Pavieasor of Experimental Philosophy in the University of ord. GENERAL TREASURER. WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.R.G.S., 50 Grosvenor Place, London, §.W. LOCAL TREASURERS. | William Gray, Esq., F.G.8., York. Robert Patterson, Esq., F.R.S., Belfast. | Prof. C. C. Babington, M.A., F.R.8., Cambridge. Edmund Smith, Esq., Hudl. William Brand, Esq., Edinburgh. Professor W. Thomson, Glasgow. John H. Orpen, LL.D., Dublin. Richard Beamish, Esq., F.R.8., Cheltenham. William Sanders, Esq., F.G.8., Bristol. John Metcalfe Smith, Esq., Leeds. Robert M‘Andrew, Esq., F.R.S., Liverpool. John Forbes White, Esq., Aberdeen. W. R. Wills, Esq., Birmingham. Rey. John Griffiths, M.A., Oxford. Robert P. Greg, Esq., F.G.8., Manchester. Thomas Hodgkin, Esq., Newcastle-on-Tyne, John Gwyn Jettreys, Esq., F.R.S., Swansea. Thomas Gill, Esq., Bath. AUDITORS. J. P. Gassiot, Esq., F.R.S. Robert Hutton, Esq., F,G.8, Sir John Lubbock, Bart., F.R.8, OFFICERS OF SECTIONAL COMMITTEES. XXix OFFICERS OF SECTIONAL COMMITTEES PRESENT AT THE BATH MEETING. SECTION A.—MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS. President.—Professor Cayley, M.A., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., Sadlerian Professor of Ma- thematics in the University of Cambridge, and Correspondent of the Institute. Vice-Presidents.—Lord Wrottesley, F.R.S. ; William Hopkins, M.A., F.R.S., Pro- fessor Price, F.R.S.; Professor Rankine, F.R.S.; Professor Sylvester, F.R.S. Secretaries.—Professor Stevelly, LL.D.; Rey. George Buckle, M.A.; Professor Fuller, M.A, ; Fleeming Jenkin, C.E. SECTION B.—CHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY, INCLUDING THEIR APPLICATIONS q TO AGRICULTURE AND THE ARTS, President.—W. Odling, M.B., F.R.S., F.C.S. Vice-Presidents.—Sir B. C. Brodie, Bart., F.R.S.; C. G. B. Daubeny, M.D., F.R.S. ; T. H. Gladstone, Ph.D., F.R.S.; A. W. Williamson, Ph.D., F.R.S. Secretaries.—Professor Liveing, M.A., F.C.S.; A. Vernon Harcourt, M.A., F.C.S.; Robert Biggs. SECTION C.— GEOLOGY. President.—J. Phillips, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S8., Professor of Geology in the Univer- sity of Oxford. Vice-Presidents.—Sir W. Logan, F.R.S.; Lord Enniskillen, F.R.S.; Professor Harkness, F.R.S.; W. Sanders, F.R.S.; Rev. W. Symonds, F.G.S. Secretaries.—H. C. Sorby, F.R.S.; W. Pengelly, F.R.S.; W. B. Dawkins, F.G.S. ; J. Johnston, SECTION D.— ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, INCLUDING PHYSIOLOGY. President.—J. E. Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S. Vice-Presidents.—C. Spence Bate, F.R.S. ; Professor Babington, F.R.S. ; Professor Balfour, F.R.S.; Dr. Daubeny, F.R.S.; J. Gwyn Jefireys, F.R.S.; Rev. Leonard Jenyns, F.R.S.; Sir John Richardson, F.R.S. Secretaries.— i. Perceval Wright, M.D., F.L.S.; H. T. Stainton, F.L.S.; C. E. Broome, F.L.8.; H. B. Brady, F.L.S, SUB-SECTION D.—PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCE. President.—Fdward Smith, M.D., LL.B., F.R.S. Vice-Presidents.— Professor Acland, M.D.,F.R.S.; John Davy, M.D., F.R.S.; Wil- braham Falconer, M.D.; Thomas Hodgkin, M.D., F.R.S.; Professor Rolleston, M.D., F.R.S. Secretaries,—J. 8. Bartrum; William Turner, M.B., F.R.S.E. SECTION E.—GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOLOGY. President.—Sir Roderick I. Murchison, K.C.B., G.C.St.S., D.C.L., F.R.S., Director- General of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom. Vice-Presidents—John Lubbock, F.R.S., President of the Ethnological Society ; Major-General Sir Henry Rawlinson, K.C.B., V.P.R.G.S.; John Crawfurd, FERS; Col. Sir Henry James, R.E., Superintendent Ordnance Survey; Dr. Livingstone, F.R.G.S. Secretaries.—Thomas Wright, M.A.; Clements R. Markham, F.R.G.S.; Captain R. M. Murchison, F.R.G.S, ; H. W. Baxes, Assistant-Secretary R.G.S, xxx REPORT—1864. SECTION F.—ECONOMIC SCIENCE AND STATISTICS. President.—William Farr, M.D., D.C.L., F.R.S. Vice- Presidents,—Sir John Bowring, F.R.S. ; James Heywood, F.R.S. ; The Mayor of Bath; Right Hon. Joseph Napier; Colonel W. H. Sykes, M.P., F.R.S. Secretaries.—Frederick Purdy ; Edmund Macrory; E. T. Payne. SECTION G.—MECHANICAL SCIENCE. President.—J. Hawkshaw, F.R.S. Vice-Presidents.—Sir William Armstrong, F.R.S.; J. F. Bateman, E.RBS. ; Admi- ral Sir E. Belcher; Captain Douglas Galton, R.N., E.R.S.; W. Fairbairn, LL.D., F.R.S. ; Professor Rankine, LL.D., F.R.S.; J. Scott Russell, F.R.S. ; C. Vig- noles, F.R.S. Secretaries.—P. Le Neve Foster, M.A. ; Robert Pitt. CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. Professor Agassiz, Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. M. Babinet, Paris. Dr. A. D. Bache, Washington. Dr. H. D. Buys Ballot, Utrecht. Dr. D. Bierens de Haan, Amsterdam. Professor Bolzani, Kasan. Dr. Barth. Dr. Bergsma, Utrecht. Mr. P. G. Bond, Cambridge, U.S. M. Boutigny (d’ Evreux). Professor Braschmann, Moscow. Dr. Carus, Leipzig. M. Des Cloizeaux. Dr. Ferdinand Cohn, Breslau. M. Antoine d’Abbadie. M. De la Rive, Geneva. Professor Wilhelm Delfis, Heidelberg. Professor Dove, Berhn. Professor Dumas, Paris. Dr. J. Milne-Edwards, Paris. Professor Ehrenberg, Berlin. Dr. Hisenlohr, Carlsruhe. Professor Encke, Berlin. Dr. A. Erman, Berlin. Professor A. Escher yon der Linth, Zurich, Switzerland. Professor Esmark, Christiania. Professor A. Favre, Geneva. Professor G. Férchhammer, Copenhagen. M. Léon Foucault, Paris. Professor E. Fremy, Paris. M. Frisiani, Jhlan. Dr. Geinitz, Dresden. Professor Asa Gray, Cambridge, U.S. M. E. Hébert, Paris. Professor Henry, Washington, U.S. Dr. Hochstetter, Vienna. M. Jacobi, St. Petersburg. Prof. Jessen, Med. et Phil. Dr., Griess- wald, Prussia. Professor Aug. Kelulé, Ghent, Belgium. M. Khanikof, St. Petersburg. Prof, A. Kolliker, Wurzburg. Professor De Koninck, Liége, Professor Kreil, Vienna. Dr. A. Kupffer, St. Petersburg. Dr. Lamont, Munich. M. Le Verrier, Paris. Baron yon Liebig, Munich. Professor Loomis, New York. Professor Gustav Magnus, Berlin. Professor Matteucci, Pisa. Professor P. Merian, Bale, Switzerland. Professor von Middendorff, St. Petersburg. M. V’Abbé Moigno, Paris. Dr. Arnold Moritz, Tiflis. Herr Neumayer, Munich. Professor Nilsson, Sweden. Dr. N. Nordenskiold, Helsingfors. M. E. Peligot, Paris. Prof. B. Pierce, Cambridge, U.S. Gustay Plaar, Strasburg. Professor Pliicker, Bonn. M. Constant Prévost, Paris. M. Quetelet, Brussels. Professor W. B. Rogers, Boston, U.S. Herman Schlagintweit, Berlin. Robert Schlagintweit, Berlin. M. Werner Siemens, Vienna. Dr. Siljestrom, Stockholm. Professor J. A. de Souza, University of Coimbra. Professor Adolph Steen, Copenhagen. Dr. Svanberg, Btockholne sso M. Pierre Tchihatchef. Dr. Otto Torell, University of Lund. Dr. Van der Hoeven, Leyden. M. Vambery, Hungary. Professor E. Verdet, Paris. M. de Verneuil, Paris. ; Baron Sartorius yon Waltershausen, Gottingen. Professor Wartmann, Geneva. Dr. Welwitsch. REPORT OF THE KEW COMMITTEE, XXxi _ Report of the Council of the British Association, presented to the General Committee, Wednesday, September 14, 1864. 1. The Council have received the Report of the Kew Committee for the past year, which will be laid before the General Committee on Monday. 2. The Report of the Parliamentary Committee has been received, and the Council recommend the adoption of this Report by the General Committee. 3. The Council have added to the list of Corresponding Members the names of the following Foreign Men of Science, who have been present at Meetings of the Association :— ; Dr. Torell, Dr. Buys Ballot, M. Des Cloizeaux, and Prof. Adolph Steen. _ 4, The Council have received invitations to hold the next Meeting of the Association at Birmingham, and another to hold it at Nottingham. An in- vitation has also been received from Dundee for the year 1867. Report of the Kew Committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science for 1863-1864. The Committee of the Kew Observatory submit to the Association the fol- lowing statement of their proceedings during the past year :— A set of Self-recording Magnetographs, of the same pattern as those at Kew, have been ordered by the Italian Government for Professor Donati of Florence; these have been completed by Adie of London, and despatched _ to their destination. General Sabine has received letters from Mr. Meldrum, Director of the Mauritius Observatory, and from Mr. Ellery, Director of that at Melbourne, from which there seems to be a good prospect that at no distant date Self- recording Magnetographs may be in operation in these localities. This would be a result of very great scientific importance, since there are as yet none of these instruments established in the southern hemisphere. ‘The Committee have lost with regret the valuable services of Mr. Cham- bers, who left the Observatory about the middle of November last for an appointment in India. His place as Magnetical Assistant has been supplied. by Mr. George Whipple, who has given much satisfaction in his new office. The sum of £50 has been received from the Government Grant Fund of the Royal Society for the purpose of obtaining printed copies of magnetic curves. This has been spent in procuring photolithographic copies of a number of the most interesting traces simultaneously produced by the Mag- netographs at Kew and Lisbon. These have been published by the Kew and Lisbon Observatories, and distributed to scientific men likely to take an in- terest in the subject. A Unifilar and Dip Circle have been verified at Kew and forwarded to the Lisbon Observatory, and a Self-recording Electrometer, on Professor W. Thomson’s principle, has also been despatched to that institution. Two Unifilars and two Dip Circles have likewise been ordered by Colonel Walker, Director of the Trigonometrical Survey of India, and they are at present in the hands of the opticians. The usual monthly absolute determinations of the magnetic elements continue to be made at Kew, and the Self-recording Magnetographs are in constant operation as heretofore, under the superintendence of Mr. Whipple, Magnetical Assistant. Advantage has again been taken of these automatic records of the earth’s XXXil REPORT—1864. magnetism by the Committee engaged in the preparation of electrical stand- ards, who have found it desirable, for some of their experiments, to ascer- tain the contemporaneous readings of the Declination Magnetograph. The following papers having reference to Kew Observatory have been communicated to the Royal Society by Major-General Sebine, President of that body :— 1. Results of hourly Observations of the Magnetic Declination made by Sir Francis Leopold M¢Clintock, R.N., and the Officers of the Yacht ‘ Fox,’ at Port Kennedy in the Arctic Sea, in the Winter of 1858-59; and a Com- parison of these Results with those obtained by Captain Maguire, R.N. and the Officers of H.M.S. ‘ Plover,’ in 1852, 1853, and 1854, at Point Barrow. 2, A Comparison of the most notable Disturbances of the Magnetic Declina- tion in 1858 and 1859 at Kew and Nertschinsk; preceded by a brief Retro- spective View of the Progress of the Investigation into the Laws and Causes of the Magnetic Disturbances. A Table of the Mean Declination of the Magnet in each Decade from January 1858 to December 1863, derived from the Observations made at the Magnetic Observatory at Lisbon, has been drawn up by Senhor da Sil- veira, Director of that Observatory. This Table exhibits the semiannual inequality to which that element is subject at Lisbon, and which is of the same nature as that derived from the Kew photographs by General Sabine. Mr. Stewart, Superintendent of the Kew Observatory, in conjunction with Senhor Capello of the Lisbon Observatory, has communicated to the Royal Society a paper, entitled ‘‘ Results of a Comparison of certain Traces produced simultaneously by the Self-recording Magnetographs at Kew and at Lisbon, especially of those which record the Magnetic Disturbance of July 15, 1863.” Mr. Stewart has likewise communicated to the same Society two short papers, one “ On the Sudden Squalls of 30th October and 21st November 1863,” and another, entitled “ Remarks on Sun-Spots.” He has also com- municated to the Royal Society of Edinburgh a paper on *‘ Sun-Spots, and their Connexion with Planetary Configurations.” Mr. A. H. Burgess, M.A., being desirous to obtain magnetical instruction, is at present visiting the Observatory for the purpose of acquainting himself with our method of observation. The Meteorological work of the Observatory is now performed by Mr. Thomas Baker, who likewise takes charge of the photographic department connected with the self-recording instruments, and executes both offices very satisfactorily. During the past year 97 Barometers ” ” ,, 389 Thermometers have been verified, and five Standard Thermometers have been supplied to men of science and opticians. A set of weights, a standard scale, and a measure of capacity have likewise been verified. The Self-recording Baro- graph continues in constant operation. Through an ingenious suggestion of Mr. Beckley traces in duplicate have been obtained, and one of these has been regularly forwarded to Admiral FitzRoy. The Self-recording Electrometer of Professor W. Thomson has continued in constant operation until the beginning of August, when it was sent to the optician for repairs. The arrangements at the Observatory for testing Sextants remain as before. REPORT OF THE KEW COMMITTEE. XXXlil During the past year eight Sextants, two Quadrants, and one Transit- instrument have been verified. The sun-spots continue to be observed, after the method of Hofrath Schwabe, of Dessau. The Kew Heliograph in charge of Mr. De la Rue has been continuously worked by a qualified assistant, under the immediate supervision of Mr. Beckley, who has proved of much service to the Committee in this as well as in other matters. During the past year 175 negatives have been taken, and four sets of positives have been printed from each, one of which has been presented to the Royal Society. The negatives are being reduced under the superintendence of Mr. De la Rue, and by means of an instrument of his construction. Mr. B. Loewy, formerly assistant in the Flagstaff Observatory, Melbourne, has been engaged in this reduction, which he is executing very satisfactorily at Kew. Mr. De la Rue is also having an arrangement made, by means of which the proportion of the sun’s disk obscured by spots may be conveniently measured. At Mr. De la Rue’s request Mr. Loewy is now examining all pictures preserved at Kew, with reference to distribution of facule and general ap- pearance, and it seems that, out of more than 500 groups hitherto examined, about 250 show a nearly equal distribution of faculous matter round the penumbra, while of the rest more than 200 have the facule decidedly, either entirely or mostly, on the left side. After concluding the examination, which will extend over more than 1000 spots, Mr. Loewy will submit the result to Mr. De la Rue. The Spectroscope belonging to the Chairman has been supplemented with a set of eleven sulphuret-of-carbon prisms, made by Mr. Browning, and giving the very great angular separation of more than 3' between the two lines D, The Chairman has communicated a short description of these prisms, and of the appearance of the two lines obtained by this arrangement, to the Royal Society. That portion of the spectrum between D and E is now being mapped, and all the measurements have already been made. The results obtained show that the position of any line can be determined with very great accu- racy. Mr. Loewy has been the principal observer, and he seems well quali- fied for the work. Preliminary arrangements have been made, under the superintendence of Professor Stokes, for experiments on the retardation of the pendulum in different gases. At the request of the Secretary of State for India, received through the Royal Society, arrangements have been made for the preparation of appa- ratus to be used for the vibration of pendulums in vacuo at the different stations of the Trigonometrical Survey in India; and the request has also been made that the officer who may conduct this experimental investigation should receive instructions at this Observatory. The instrument constructed by Mr. Broun for the purpose of estimating the magnetic dip by means of soft iron remains at present at the Observatory. The balance of the £40 granted by the British Association in 1861, for an additional photographic assistant, has been expended under the superin- tendence of Mr. De la Rue, along with further sums which have been defrayed by Royal Society grants received by that gentleman. The Superintendent has likewise received grants from the Royal Society for special experiments to be made at Kew, and when these are completed ¢ XXXIV REPORT—1864. an account will be rendered to that Society. It will thus be seen that other experiments and observations of a nature to further science are made at Kew besides those which form the constant work of the Observatory, and of these the Spectroscope measurements at present in progress may be mentioned as an example; it will also be noticed that the British Association do not bear the expense of these experiments, but this is defrayed by those who bring them before the Committee. From the financial statement which accompanies this Report, it will be seen that the adverse balance of last year has been considerably reduced, but there is still a balance against this Observatory amounting to £45 17s, 9d. The Committee recommend that a sum of £600 should be granted for the expenditure of the current year. A correspondence, which is appended to this Report, has taken place be- tween the Astronomer Royal and the Chairman, relative to a paragraph con- tained in the Report of the former to the Visitors of the Royal Observatory. The Astronomer Royal has further suggested that certain experiments should be made in this Observatory :— 1st. For the purpose of investigating the discordances which he has found in his observations of the dipping-needle. 2nd. For the purpose of investigating the displacements which occur in the trace of his vertical-force photograph. 8rd. On the temperature corrections of the force of a magnet made by heating it in hot air instead of by hot water. The Committee, for the reasons contained in the letter of the Superinten- dent (No. VII. Correspondence), considerd that it was not advisable to under- take the experiments suggested by the Astronomer Royal, as one of these would necessarily involve the displacement of the Kew vertical-force magneto- graph, while the others refer to points which, in the opinion of the Committee, have been already decided by previous observations and experiments. J. P. Gasstor, Chairman. Kew Observatory, 26th August, 1864. CorRESPONDENCE*, I. Kew Observatory, Richmond, 27th June, 1864. My pear Srr,—The attention of the Kew Committee has been drawn to the following paragraph in your Report to the Visitors of the Royal Ob- servatory :— “I consider it certain that the small probable errors which have been attributed to ordinary needles are a pure delusion. I know no instrumental determination in which, without any breach of faith, the wish for uniformity of results will be so certainly followed by uniformity of results as in the determination of dip.” It having been suggested that the preceding paragraph may possibly be considered to refer to other observations than those made at Greenwich, I am requested by the Committee to inquire whether it is intended in any measure to refer to dip-observations made at this Observatory, and published in the publications of the Royal Society ; the object of the Committee being * A copy of this correspondence was forwarded to the Astronomer Royal on 26th August, . REPORT OF THE KEW COMMITTEE, XXXV that, in the interest of Magnetical Science, the precise value of dip-observa- tions made in this Observatory should be definitely ascertained. Believe me, my dear Sir, Yours very truly, To G. B. Airy, Esq., F.RS., (Signed) J. P. Gassror, Astronomer Royal, Observatory, Greenwich. Chairman. Il. Royal Observatory, Greenwich, §.E., 28th June, 1864. My pear Srr,—I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 27th inst., in which you state that the attention of the Kew Committee has been drawn to a paragraph in my Report to the Visitors of the Royal Observatory, wherein I express my opinion on the inaccuracy of the small probable errors which haye been attributed to ordinary dipping-needles; and in which you further remark that the cited paragraph may be considered to refer to other observations than those made at Greenwich, and therefore, on the part of the Kew Observatory Committee, you inquire whether the paragraph in question is intended in any measure to refer to dip-obseryations made at the Kew Observatory, and published in the publications of the Royal Society ; the object of the Committee being that, in the interest of Magnetical Science, the precise value of dip-observations made in the Kew Observatory should be definitely ascertained. It gives me great pleasure to enter fully upon any matter to which you may inyite my attention, and particularly so when the object is such as is charac- terized in the last paragraph of your letter. The inquiries in your letter are in fact two :— First. Whether the paragraph of my Report refers to other observations than those made at Greenwich? To this I reply that it necessarily refers to other observations. I have neyer succeeded in producing the agreement of results which is implied by the smallness of the probable errors, except by unfair selection among the discordant primary elements of observation on.which the result is founded. T have stated this repeatedly in my Reports to the Board of Visitors (the whole series of which, I believe, are lodged in the Kew Observatory), and I have in one at least particularly remarked that the discordance still exists with the very fine instrument now in use at the Royal Observatory. Second. Whether the paragraph of my Report is intended in any measure to apply to dip-observations made at the Kew Observatory, and published in the publications of the Royal Society ? To this I reply that it is intended so to apply, inasmuch as the degree of accuracy, to which I do not give my assent as real or well founded, is claimed for the dip-observations made at the Kew Observatory. In support of my statement of that claim, I will refer to a pamphlet by General Sabine, which I am unwilling further to describe, but which, as I am aware, has been forced on your attention and on that of the other members of the Committee of Recommendations of the British Association. In it will be found the fol- lowing sentences: —“The probable error of a single observation of the dip with reliable instruments of easy procurement is known to be + 1"5. It has been shown to be so by a series of 282 observations made at Kew, em-. ploying 12 circles and 24 needles, all of the pattern which has been in use at Kew for several years past. The observations were made by seven different observers : the results are published in the ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ March 1861, from entries in the Kew Observatory books, not a pi ob- ¢ XXXV1 REPORT—1864. servation having been omitted. The probable error + 1/5 may be regarded as including constant errors, considering the number of different circles and needles which were employed, as well as the peculiarities of different ob- servers, of whom there were seven.” (The italics are Gencral Sabine’s.) These are the probable errors which I cannot accept as accurate. It may not be superfluous to add that I have conversed with several foreign observers (one of whom has very lately quitted me), and that all have found discordances comparable to those which I have myself observed. I have therefore no novelty to claim, except the suggestion (made by me some years ago) of instability in the position of the magnetic axis, and the construction (within little more than a year) of an instrument whose results appear to support that suggestion. I should be much gratified if the powers of the Kew Observatory could be devoted to the examination of this and analogous instrumental difficulties. These experimental inquiries are not well suited to the system of the esta- blishment over which I preside. And, speaking as a member of the British Association, I think that the Kew Observatory would be better employed in that way than in the course which now absorbs so much of its strength. It was originally intended, and in my opinion wisely intended, for the verifica- tion and improvement of instruments, and not for continuous observations. If the examination which I propose should be taken up, I shall be happy to cooperate, by repetition of observations (as my opportunities might serve), and by communication of my results. I am, my dear Sir, Yours very truly, J. P. Gassiot, Esq., (Signed) G. B. Arry. Chairman of the Kew Observatory Commuttee. nae Clapham Common, June 30, 1864. My par Srr,—lI have to acknowledge receipt of yours of 28th inst., wherein you state that the paragraph in your recent report “ was intended to apply to the dip-observations made at Kew, and published in the publica- tions of the Royal Society, inasmuch as the degree of accuracy, to which you do not give your assent as real or well founded, is claimed for these ob- servations.” I have forwarded your letter to Mr. Stewart, the director of the Ob- servatory, under whose immediate directions the observations were made, and I hope you will find that the explanation he will offer will satisfy you as to the entire truthfulness of the results he obtained, and to the reliability that should be placed thereon. I have always understood, that to the continued magnetical observations which have been made at Kew Observatory has been mainly due the esta- blishment of so many magnetical observatories abroad; it would, however, ill become me to offer to you any opinion as to their value, although I cannot but regret that they do not appear to have met your approval. Iam sure it would afford Mr. Stewart, as well as the Members of the Committee, much pleasure to follow out any experimental inquiries which you may at any time suggest. Believe me, my dear Sir, Yours most truly, To G. B. Airy, Esq., (Signed) J. P. Gasstorz. Astronomer Royal, Greenwich. REPORT OF THE KEW COMMITTEE, XXXVil BY. Kew Observatory, Richmond, July 4th, 1864*. My prar Sir,—I have perused Mr. Airy’s letter to you, in which he states that the passage in his Report to the Board of Visitors, about which you wrote to him as Chairman of the Kew Committee, was intended to refer to the dip-observations made at the Kew Observatory, and published in the publications of the Royal Society. I have likewise perused your reply, and now, in accordance with your request, I shall describe the mode of dip- observation at Kew, in order that you may see that Mr. Airy’s remark is inapplicable to our determinations. But before doing so it may be well to state that the list of dip-observa- tions recorded in the publication to which Mr. Airy refers is a faithful and complete catalogue of those which have been made at this Observatory. My connexion with the publication referred to is therefore this: I look upon it simply as an authorized and compendious catalogue of the dip-observations which haye been made at Kew; and regarding the method in which these have been discussed in the publications of the Royal Society as not falling within the scope of my reply, I shall confine myself-to the question of mental bias, and endeavour to show you that our dip-observations are quite free from any such source of error. In the first place, the circles used at Kew are all of the same pattern ; this being one which combines the united experience of several eminent magneticians, and which they were several years in bringing to perfection. The circles and needles are all likewise made by the same optician (Mr. Henry Barrow), who has devoted very great pains to the construction of these instru- ments. I mention this latter circumstance, because in this observation it is absolutely essential to have a needle constructed with the greatest care. Before commencing the observation, the fine hard axle of the needle is gently inserted into a piece of soft cork, in order that it may be thoroughly cleansed, and the agate knife-edges upon which it is to rest are likewise rubbed with cork The needle itself has been previously magnetized by being rubbed ten times on each side from centre to pole by a pair of bar magnets. After the plane of the magnetic meridian has been determined in the usual way, the circle is placed in this plane, and the needle is observed in the four following positions :— I. Face of needle to face of instrument... .Face of instrument ES . ” ” ” oj shee ” ” est. ITI. Face of needle reversed ents s . West. IV. ry 7 ois 43 East. The poles of the needle are then reversed by ten strokes of the bar magnets on each side, and the same set of observations is repeated, the mean of the whole eight positions giving the dip. Both extremities of the needle are in each case successively viewed by microscopes attached to an arm, which also carries the verniers by means of which the position is read. Before making an observation, the needle is gently raised from its support and lowered again by means of a lifter twice or thrice, after which its position is noted. I ought likewise to remark that in magnetizing the needle it is always placed in a wooden frame in such a manner that the magnets are obliged to pass symmetrically over it. In this process it appears to me that the only possible effect a mental ” * This letter, although written on July 4th, was not sent to Mr, Airy until it had been approyed of by the Committee at their meeting on August 26th, XXXVIil REPORT—1864. bias can be imagined to have is to induce the observer to continue lifting the needle before reading, until it has come into what he considers the proper position ; but even this is totally precluded by the method of observa- tion, for the yernier is not read, and the observer does not know the position of his needle until it is at rest and the lifting process at an end. Besides, if the observer did know the position of his needle it would avail him little ; for while the mean of the eight positions is nearly the same for different instruments, yet the reading of any one position of the needle may be, and usually is, very different from the true or finally deduced dip. From all this it will be seen how little scope there is in the dip-observa- tions for the operation of mental bias; but the observers who are supposed to have worked our instruments with an unconscious predetermination to produce certain results must have had still more formidable difficulties than even these to contend with. For, in order that mental bias should have operated in the case under discussion, the preconceived idea of uniformity with which the observer approached the instrument must have varied in such a measure from season to season and from year to year as to produce in the results obtained an annual variation, as well as a secular change, and these of such a nature as to conform with the results of other observatories. Mr. Airy must acknowledge that the uniformity to which he alludes, and the wish for which he supposes has created a mental bias, is that which remains after the annual and secular variations have been allowed for. Next, with regard to observers; we have frequently at Kew gentlemen connected with foreign observatories, who come to receive a magnetical equipment. Their desire is to obtain the best possible instruments, but at the same time they view those presented to them with a very critical eye. One of these was Dr. Bergsma, who spent nearly a month in thoroughly ex- amining the dip-circle and in suggesting refinements, but who went away convinced of its accuracy. Senhor da Souza of Coimbra, and Senhor Capello of Lisbon, have likewise made dip-observations at Kew, and with the same object, namely, to satisfy themselves by their own practical experience as to the best dip-circle with which to furnish their respective observatories. I shall only allude to one observer more, who, though he only made a single observation, has frequently expressed his wish to make a series, but has hitherto been prevented by his numerous engagements. I speak of Mr. Glaisher, of Greenwich Observatory, who, on 21st October last, obtained with Circle No. 40 a dip of 68° 12'-2, while with Circle No. 33 Mr. Chambers on 19th and 20th October obtained 68° 123. I have thus endeavoured to show that in the Kew dip-observations there is absolutely no opportunity for mental bias to act, and that even if there were, many of our observers are not likely to have been the subjects of such an influence. ; In thus fulfilling your request, it is within my province to notice the second part of Mr. Airy’s letter only in as far as this is connected with the subject of discussion. You will, therefore, perhaps permit me to refer you to the following paragraph of his letter, which I shall now quote:— 2...|White .........}.cccccseccessceees Wight). to the horizon. Aug.10}10 40 p.m./Fairlight (Hast-|Many almost =|. .|Those in N.E. were to 11 20) ings). Venus. Others short (1° or 2°) p.m. quite small. and faint, but left trains. 10|About9p.m.|Eddystone Rock|= 2%} .......e...ceeecee[eereeereeenes ony Zs|PCE AR, ....|Shot directly across (English a Lyre. Channel). 12})10 55 p.m./Euston Road |=34 mag.%.........| sree (London). 2 ANY is J C4 8. boa A oo =2nd MaAg.F ..,...]ece-eecevseoseseee{l SECON ...... LU 39pm [hid cy. «onde ws oa] SE INOS aeolian ano nescepspel enanane eecesoarces & Urs Majoris. 14, 9 58 p.m.'Trafalgar Square|=2nd mag.* ......,Orange colour|0°8 second .../Passed above (London). Pegasi from |/ R. A. 3283°, NJ Decl. 203° to} R. A. 346°, NJ Decl. 153°. i 15) 9 55 p.m.|Ibid ...........0006 =2nd mag.* ...... ishssemtate! 0°3 second ...|From 2° W. of % Herculis_ to Corone. 15/10 30 p.m.|Ibid ..........0000 =3Srd mag.* ...... ABE scatet cg 0°5 second ...|Passed below @ Andromedz from R. A. 354°, Ni Decl. 30° to R.A. 3°, N. Decl. 194°. 16) 9 23 p.m.|Sheffield ......... =Venus at greatest|/White .........|,,..sssseccosesees brightness. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 3 point, which is called their “ Radiant-point.” The near approach of the No- vember display of meteors in 1866 (see Appendix), makes it desirable that astronomers should note the radiant-points of shooting-stars, in order that, if any exists (from distant latitudes and longitudes), the parallax should be detected, and meteors may thus be referred to their true causes. OF LUMINOUS METEORS. | Direction; noting also Appearance; Train,ifany,| Length of | whether Horizontal, and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or Inclined. Remarks. Observer. ————e Likered-hot cinders falling Left a train 2.0.0... ....|Mrs. Hood. from the grate of acoal fire. A fiery dragon with a long A kite in Scotland is|J. MacOwen. tail. Left a train. called a ‘ dragon.’ Detonated like a bomb After its disappearance|Communicated two fresh detonations| by R. P. Greg. were heard, followed by a prolonged hum- ming sound. RURURM PeOhs sapdesesoace|setesccasseseeels oiccvatesensveurseoouacvecees No noise heard Flashed among stormy)....... sseeeeee(Fell downwards in a clouds, looking very vertical line from close. Arcturus. Upwards of 30 falling stars|........000006 Came from a dark part in 40 minutes. N. of the north end of the Milky Way. Numbers of bright shoot-|............++ Directed from Camelo-|-++++++++sssessseesseesaeeees F, Howlett. ing-stars about the same pardalus. time. No train or sparks Towards e« Aquile No train or sparks .........|....... prakcassivawencen eesrevsesesce asa cane No train or sparks Left a train for 23 seconds..}18° - Ree ceccctsccvescsserevcececsees »|14° ) Se vescccvcceces Peet eeeeereeesee US 4. Date. Hour. 1863.|h m Place of Observation. Aug.24| 8 29 p.m.jZuston Road 27) 7 45 29 31/10 5 Sept. 1] 8 22 — 9 35 c 9 48 ~ 10 13 9 55 5) 9 56 p-m. p-m. p-m. p-m. p.m. .|[bid (London). Hawkhurst (Kent). eee eee rer Weston - super - Mare. Hawkhurst (Kent). .|Trafalgar Square (London). Penne et erereees Wisbech (Cam-/> 1st mag + bridgeshire). .| Trafalgar Square) =2nd mag.+ (London), . Hawkhurst (Kent). -|Weston - super -| =2nd mag.* Mare. REPORT—1864. Apparent Size. =Venus eee eeeeetee Oe eer ee eer eeneee Three diameters of White Venus. =2nd mag.* 7 RS “ein ey =25 MAP ...c000.: —21 =35 MAH .00...000 =2nd mag.* seeeee eeeeee =I1st mag.* =2nd mag.x Colour. Duration. Se Orange colour|1*5 second wee White ....ccse 0°6 second ... ebiatecen 2 seconds...... Blgey eens 14 second ... WihIHe! 52h seca. 1:2 sec.; slow White! 0p. 56™ p.m. (See Appendix I.) o Ursee Majoris * On the 9th, 20th, and/S, H. Miller. 2lst Sept., shooting- stars were plentiful (7 or 8 per hour). Inclined towards the|View interrupted by|T. Crumplen. W.S.W. horizon. buildings. Onep radiant-point) at) rivss...ctevcdvecsedessereesusse A. S. Herschel. Cephei, another in Musca. bevinronee Rp eaeoeedeissuveveend|anacs chssecscvesesteteonsesest Wis Elen OOM 6 Place of Dates} »:Hour. Observation. 1863.;h m s Sept. 7|11 18 p.m.|Trafalgar Square (London). W11 18 20 |Tbid...........cce p.m. Ala 21) Wan{Ibid\ s,s csccsesces 7}11 30 p.m.|Weston - super - Mare. 9|Disappear- |Beeston Observa- ance tory (Notting- REPORT—1864. Apparent Size. | - Colour. =3rd mag.* ,.....|Dull white .. =14 mag.* seeeeeeee Bluish ove = [st TAZ Ke cececeee White Set eeeeee =3rd mag.* ......|Blue Piteseere = 2nd mag.+, in-| Yellow creasing by im- 8 26 38 ham). pulses to one- p.m. third diameter of the moon. 10] 8 51 p.m.|Weston - super -|= 1st mag.x......... Blue! .sdnceves Mare. 11} 8 45 p.m./Queenstown Large and brilliant).................. (Ireland). meteor. 13] 7 21 p.m.|/Hawkhurst = 3 diameters of|White ......... (Kent). Venus. 16)10 53 p.m.|Euston Road |=Capella............ Vivid bluish (London). white, then ruddy and dull. 17| 9 11 p.m.|Wisbech (Cam-|>I1st mag.+ ...... Yellow ....... bridgeshire). UFO LT pi eeecccesscaeaee >Ist mag.x ...... IWihttesti7s0<.- 17| 9 24 p.m.j/Euston Road |=23 mag.x ...... White <.3.30.-: (London). 17) 9 43 p.m.|Wisbech (Cam-|>-Ist mag.x ......Jecssssceesseeeeees bridgeshire}. 17\10 7 p.m.|Euston Road |=33} mag.x ...... White ......... (London). 20) 8 35 p.m.|Wisbech (Cam-|>I1st mag.x ...... IWUHIte cea eeeces bridgeshire). 2010 1 p.m.|Trafalgar Square|=23 mag.x ....../White ......... (London). 21) 1 50 a.m.|Coast-guard Sta-|Large meteor ...... Reddish white tion, Camber (Hastings). Oct. 4) 7 35 p.m./Wisbech (Cam-|=Ist mag.* ...... Nellow ...+0s bridgeshire). Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. Duration. .|0°4 second ...|/From near A Dra-} conis to near 9 Urs Majoris. 0°3 second .../From between 7 and Z Draconis to very near 7 , Herculis. Very brief .../Between 6 and y Draconis; im- perfect view. 2% seconds; |From head of Ca- slow. melopardalus to % (hk, «@) Urse Majoris. 6 seconds (17°|From 4 (a, r) Aqui- per second).| lz tol° 30’ above Arcturus, 1 second ...... From o Aquile to a point in R. A, 286°, S. Decl. 6°. Very rapid |Advanced from speed. S.W., and disap- peared S.E. From 34 (6, «) Ursa Minoris to 43 (a, 3) Ursee Ma-}: joris. ...|From y Persei to a point R. A. 103°, N. Decl. 543°. 1 second 0°8 second hasecdtage We seaes From t Lyre to 17 Draconis. From @ Persei to 7 Tarandi. .-.|From 3 to » Aquila} From ww Cassio-} peiz to head of} Cepheus. ...|From 4 (, «) Case} siopeiz to y An-| dromede. .|From @ across 6} Andromedz ané as far again. ...|A few degrees below) « Persei. TARO eee ewww neeeee Moved horizontally} at a low altitude.| sentences eeeeee 2 seconds,...../From @ Persei to 9} Piscium. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS, 7 Direction; noting also Appearance ; Train, if any, Length of | whether Horizontal, and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or Remarks. Observer. Inclined. Left a train on the greater|30° .........|Almost perpendicularly|The train was apparent- part of its course. down. ly distinct from the head. T. Crumplen. \Left a train 5° in length...|20° .........,From right to left, im-|...........00+6 WEE cotb es Id. | clined a little down- wards. |Left PneeMPU PON THE|D?....cdescncs|asectaccssndecenss sseeeseeeees] LeFmMination only seen...|Id. whole visible course. Intermittent light .........Jeccsssscecseses[seeceecanessennpeseeneescceensloes Soausédectscnnenesstoletead} WV» bie WWOOG, Left a& train Of linger-|102°.........|.cocsereceseveececscsecesees calveeas 1 POE ee euawna ene eee ing sparks for two or three seconds, 35° in length. Head kite - shaped; brightest in front ; disappeared sud- denly. POUETEO Tee eer revere rere teres) we eeseenes se eeeeeneee Prerutrirverey rere ere rir r errr ee eet . |E. J. Lowe. W. H. Wood. When the meteor crossed),,............./bhe parts traversed the|Lit up the harbour with|‘ Cork Examiner. || | the harbour, the body sky rapidly towards} a brightness almost split up into three parts. the E. equal to day. Communicated by A.S. Herschel. Left no train ......... Beseeslevecescndessats|santossavne¥sandevorkess sese-|Wiew interrupted by clouds. Twilight. Left a train 10° in length,|35° .........|.sccsecossscscessscoeeceevevee(A fine meteor which faded gradually. Threw off a few sparks. T. Crumplen. S. H. Miller. Fee e eee ne ee eeneeeees see ereees tereleceeeee Phe eeemal teeter tear er eeee eer en sere eassslan ents e eee eeeseee esse OOH ees S. H. Miller. Left a train 5° in length...|7°............ Almost horizontal ....../Faint clouds obscured|T. Crumplen. the sky Rrenatsvicatdadcsscsissesesseslecees Pactacssys|estescucaes hidvsseiaxezesmnte A eas ties asec seceeese|Se Hl. Miller. Left a train upon its whole]...............|A few degrees to right]|........ccccccssssseeseeseeeee[L> Crumplen. course. from perpendicular ; down. RE Tadeticessesnacetpestseness| sees Ra aemendal Gtcenavanel csedseeveesuaveaia| doses daveuejaeesdecaapesedees|Oes Elen MiNmers jLeft a train 10° in length,}........... per ac Tht Perce cn Voswsnbackis lites aucea laces scseseeseeceeeee] 2» Crumplen. } as observed by an opera- | glass. Had all the appearance of]..........6.... S.W. to N.E. ...ssse athetkes Bok vd ccaanascd sessseasetese{ Le Webb) (com- ' a rocket as to sparks, | &c., but on a much _ larger scale. F. W. Gough). S. H. Miller. |) Oe tele eneneee ete eeeeleeereeee Ceeeeee een eweee eet ee lace neeenee Peete teen nena eetene Date. 1863. ‘Oct. 4 4 5 10 10 11 15 15 15 15 REPORT—1864. Bian ck Position, or | Hour. Ohseraea. Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. lad hm s 7 41 p.m.|Wisbech (Cam-|=Ist mag.% ...... Yellow ...... 2 Second ..,/From @ Cassiopeice bridgeshire). to z Persei. 9 23 p.m.| Weston - super -\=Ist mag.* ...... Bluish white...|1 second .../From (21) to (28) Mare. Lyncis. 9 57 p.m.)Beeston Obser-/-=2nd mag. ....../Yellow, not |Rapid .........,|from midway vatory (Not- bright. between Corona tingham). BorealisandVega coming from the direction of the cluster in Perseus. 9 59 p.m |IDid.......eeeeeee [= 2nd mag x .....JYellow ....../Rapid .....6../Another from the same direction; moved along the Great Bear about 1°above the prin- cipal upper stars. G 2 opimjGreenwich ObD-|Bright .c..scscccccass|osese seseeeeeees-|Momentary ... In the E., passed servatory. across « Andro- medzx. 8 5 p.m.| Weston - super -|=2nd mag.x ...... Blue .........|L second ...... From 7 Andromedz Mare. to 6 Arietis. 8 19 p.m.) [awkhurst =a Cygni .........|White, then|3 seconds...... From h Tarandi to (Kent). red, % (Capella, 2 Persei). 0 35 a.m.)Coast-guard Sta-|>Ist mag.* ....../Reddish blue..|2 seconds...... First appeared alti- tion, Rye. tude 45° S.W. Disappeared N.N.E. DEAOY am lbid taessacersssieee 2 > Ist mag.*....../Bright white../3 seconds...... From altitude 30° to altitude 5° S.E. 9 15 p.m.) Weston - super -/\= Y ..sseseeeeseeees-/Yellow ....../2 seconds,.,...(From y to (3) Mare. Aquarii. 9 29 55 |Beeston Obser-|> Mars in opposi-/Yellow, then |.........s0e......{From to within p.m. vatory (Not-| tion. blue. 4° of « Ceti. tingham). 930-30 |lbid s..2..cue8 =2nd mag.x ......}., ESS ee Pee sesseseeeeesee.[Erom (3 Arietis to Z p-m. Tauri. 9 59 p.m.|Margate ........./Beautiful meteor...|..... sdoanahoasces| ec sececcccccceee|seeeeereevaceatgocececes 959 49 |Beeston Obser-|At first =1st mag.x.|At first yellow,|5 seconds...... Passed from a point p.m. vatory (Not-| AtdCeti=Venus.| then blue. in R.A. 4510™, N. At last = one- tingham), third diameter of the moon. Decl. 19° (57, across % Tauri, above « and across 0 and @ Ceti, and disap- peared in R.A. 02 20™, S. Decl. 15°. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS, 9 Direction; noting also pearance; Train, if any,) Length of | whether Horizontal, as F and its Duration. ' Path. Perpendicular, or Reniarks Observer. | Inclined. Riss. Beseetasgaectts Sa Se rse Paice paaebenesnsl yes Fringe dnsidbigedenws | Weassnabtamenednventnmasess 12 3. H. Miller. men SaacH Weds facenasesscesofess Per cebre vane |cstecn denn ato ccdassbuautaanes|eannctuna de vances ptackecs train and four or five bright sparks at last upon its track. Seesscvcceceeecsessscseaecseserss|scssccevenscess[seses Deed We suadeevevedccact|soensccscccsscssceesvseccecens (Mi. Ja LOWE RMN SER SENT eR avs cocnscccevcrs|sovecscessceces|soseecesecese Sin asuesaencnees Siecdeassussvesess socvececeses| Le MOR THE | TOMINOUS| 55.0. caccevsgs|+0 ds oveeseunvdasesecdattvddegs|sbebeonsanusntnenacesteacasoes|@e BOW) EDs ' track gathered itself up as if attracted to one - point, and took the ap- _ pearance of a comet, remaining visible for more than 10 minutes. bular, slightly prolong-|........ desseasleeeeeseeeessseeeseeceeeeeeee-(Lhe light rendered thelE. J. Lowe. ed behind. Disappeared distant landscape Visi- instantaneously without ble. The colour be- fragments. Left a yel- came blue at 6 Ceti; wish train 10° in afterwards —_ intense length, which increased blue. th the meteor, but not so rapidly. 10 REPORT—1864. Place of 3 Date. Hour. Obs LTA Apparent Size. 1863.| hm s Oct. 15}10 0 p.m.j|Combe, Wo0d-|...........ccesecceeeec{eceseneseecenenees stock (Oxford shire). : 15/10 0 p.m.|Cheltenham...... Large meteor ......|.ccseecesseereeeee 15|10 0 p.m.|Camberwell Large meteor .....|White ......... (London). 17/11 47 p.m.|Weston - super -|=Sirius ............Yellow ...... Mare. 19|10 25 p.m./Wisbech (Cam- =Ist mag.x ......|White ........- bridgeshire). 19/10 34 p.m.|Ibid...........+... == VENUS ls sesenaete= Ruby colour, surrounded by yellow. 19|10 42 p.m.|Ibid ...........+0+. =Ist mag.x ......|White ......+.. 23| 9 25 p.m.|Regent’s Park |About = Venus at) White or gold- (London). its brightest. en, and finally 30| 9 54 p.m.|Beeston Obser-|=2nd mag.* «--.-./Blue «........ vatory: Nov. 1} 9 6 p.m|Ibid............... =Ist mag.*.........|Blue ....e000- 9} 9 38 p.m. Weston - super El Obs cccentepacasesee| LENOW Shensten Mare. 10| 9 3 p.m.|Hawkhurst =Sirius, then= /White, then (Kent) 12) 0: 50)58 SHDMl covcccsavnsnaes =Srd mag.x «+... a.m. 12} 1 30 1 |Ibid............0 =3rd mag.x ....../Yellow ...+« a.m. 12| 1 44 30 |Euston Road |=8rd mag.x ...... Bluish white... a.m. (London). ella ter Gat ILS Tel eae oe ee =3Srd mag.+ ~....0. Bluish white... a.m. 12| 147 8 |Hawkhurst =Ilst mag.x ......|White ......... a.m. (Kent). 12] 1 48 a.m./Weston - super -/= Venus ............ Mare. silvery white. 12} 1 50 am.|Euston Road |=Sirius ............ Same colour as (London). Sirius. ..../0°3 second Duration. abba teen eee eeewe 2 or 3 seconds 3 second 3 seconds 2 or 3 seconds 10 seconds; very rapid a eeweeeee Tolerable speed. 6-8secs. Very slow, relaxing its speed. 1-4 second ... 0°6 second . 0°3 second .. 0°3 second 1+1 second oe 14 second ; rapid. 15 second ... Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. Disappeared due S.| at altitude 30° (measured). ‘Midway _ between|} zenith and hori- zon. | From z Cassiopeiz to (4) Lacertz. From ¢ Orionis to Aj} Tauri. From a Tauri to @ Arietis. Through Pisces, passing 3° or 4° below the moon. From 1° below £ to} y Ursze Majoris. | From «Andromed@ down towards W atan angle of 47°. From the tail of Draco to altitude 12° N.N.W. From x to 6 Bootis ...|From B Camelopar- dali to 4 (x, A) Draconis. .|From « Cassiopeia to3(y, «) Cephei.| On a line from Z Orionis to Canis (centre halfway). From v Orionis tot Leporis. From 3 Andromedez; towards the ho-) rizon. Shot ona line from! y Geminorum to B Canis Majoris. From 3° above y Eridani to near and below & Leporis. — A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METHORS. \Appearance ; Train, if any, and its Duration. — 'When the meteor disap- Direction; noting also whether Horizontal, Perpendicular, or Inclined. Length of Path. Ret. 4 seseeeee| W. to E.; perfectly ho-|Measurements peared, it flared up like an expiring candle, and left a cometary patch for more than ten minutes at that place. Left a large comet in the sky where it exploded. Appeared tobefollowedbyal|. train,and burst witha flash which shed a faint light. Left a yellowish train 18°)....... or 20° in length for two seconds, pointed at the extremities. eft a train for 2 or 3 seconds. rizontal. svccactene .-»--|Descended obliquely ... eft a train for some time,}. 15° or 20° long. The dark part represents a ruby colour, the outer part a bright yellow. ORCC sees eraeererene eeeeeeees see he light was intense even in passing near the moon. od PP orearecercaeteeeensss sees ee ee Be tOOW al ewouns tte Spark-like .......ceeees..eee| REEBOK Qactheslecccoes tailed meteor bursting with sparks. After extinction, reappear- ed with a bright flash. 0 train or sparks ...... oc No train or sparks ......... No train or sparks ......... seer e een eeenes See e ee eseeeeee wees eeeeee Peers eee reer eer eee eee re rere rr Ty eee neeceatucevcs(EreitOWebesescess cveswemed 11 ~ Remarks. Observer. from |J. H. Abrahall. memory among par- ticular landmarks, The ‘ Comet’ remained visible until clouds intervened and cover- ed the sky. Sky misty .......... baeslEe J.” Gay The Times,’ Oct. 20. ‘The Times,’ Oct.17. pel eecac ponea a: inewecacdecens W. H. Wood. Standard,’ Oct. 25. E. J. Lowe. avave ages tee «ssee..-(COMmunicated by W. H. Wood. A. S. Herschel. avec socvdvenceneccsenismaeos|tc..Sa Teersenell and W.J.H. Matas cstaueedeetess sd T. Crumaplen and J. Parkin. A. S. Herschel and W. J. H. Corresponds to Euston|W. H. Wood. Road, 1" 50™ am. (See Appendix I.) > ceinateaan 6 peepee seeeeeeee{1s Crumplen and J. Parkin. 12 REPORT—1864:, Place of c Date.| Hour. Observation. Apparent Size. 1863.| h m s Nov.12) 1 52 a.m./Euston Road |=2nd mag.x ...... (London). 12} 1 55 a.m./Weston - super -|Nearly = Y ...... Mare. 12) 1 56 18 |Hawkhurst =drd mag.x ...... a.m (Kent). 12, 1 59 a.m./Euston Road |=2nd mag.* ...... | (London). 12) 2.13 33 |Hawkhurst =2nd mag.* ...... a.m. (Kent). 12} 2.17 30 |Euston Road |=Ist mag.x ...... a.m. (London), 12| 2 46 42 |Hawkhurst =2} mag.x ...... a.m. (Kent). 12} 250 am./Euston Road |=2nd mag.x ...... (London). 12, 2 54 30 |Hawkhurst =2nd mag.* ...... a.m. (Kent). 12) 2 55 am./Euston Road |=Procyon ........ (London). 12) 2 59 a.m.|[fawkhurst =2nd mag.% ....- (Kent). 12) 8 45 p.m./Beeston Obser-/=2nd mag.* ...... vatory. 12) 8 46 15 |Clapham Very bright ...... p-m. (London). T2EOT Ove US) bid sccccccnsccoeee =2nd mag.% ...06 p-m. 12)11 31 p.m./Weston - super -|=2nd mag.* ..... Mare. 13) 1 30 45 |Wisbech (Cam-|=a Lyre............ a.m. bridgeshire). 13) 2 37 30 |Hawkhurst =Srd mag-% ...... a.m. (Kent). 13) 2 27 45 |[bid.......seeee0e, = 3rd Mag.x ...... a.m. 13) 2 48 a.m.|Euston Road |=23 mag.*......... (London). Colour. ee eeneee weeeee seen neeee eee eeenee seen eeeee Light orange colour, Orange colour Orange colour SIESLUG ve wcoeeanies Oe tere eee ee eeee Duration. 0°5 second ... 1 second; rapid. 0°6 second ... a [Peete eee ee en ences ee eee eee eneeeee 0°3 second ... 0°7 second ... | 0°4 second ... 0°3 second ... 0°4 second ... Rapid Moderate ve- locity. Rapid ....... 5 1 second 0°5 second ... 05 second ... 0°3 second ... Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. On a line from Z\V Canis Minoris to Z Orionis (ceutre})) halfway). From 7 Leonis} to a point RvA-.ghd2, Decl. 9°s (From 3 (@ Cephei, B Cassiopeiz) to g lLacerte, andj} 3° further. Centre ¢ Eridani... v Persei). ‘From 3 3 of thel} distance Hydre. From x to @ Cas-\) siopeiz. to To 6 Virginis 2 ofl) the way from y] Leonis. | From p Persei to yi) Tauri. From v Geminorum two-thirds of! the way to @ Orionis. From 3 Aurige, € Persei to 7 Tauri. From @ to y Tauri...) From 2° above Po- laris to 6 Urse Minoris. : To Polaris, halfway) from Capella. mede, @ Persei to 4 (» Andro med, o Cassio: peiz). oo From 4 (6, x) Perse to 4 (y An dromedz, 6 Tri anguli). From @ to w Auriga A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 13 7 cai Direction ; noting also Appearance; Train, if any,| Length o: whether Horizontal, and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or aa Sse Inclined. ib at train (for half call c...sc.livescsceoveescseesscsssnceseas | eseessseeserseseeesseeceesees/ 1 Crumplen and second 18° in length. J. Parkin. Left a red train for 3 or 4|......... éaoeda ie AAR jee os sesesceesseee.{ NO Meteors from 1" 55™|W. H. Wood. seconds 8° in length. to 25 40™ a.m. ; after- wards overcast. SUUPAUMIOLISPATKS: s0.ccbses|-cessececeeeess Ny cnoentccuededevacadeeccccdualivecne auc wotanaetadederendess/ An’ is sELerschel and W. J. H. CEE caveNlsticrssctoccses NN cored Directed from: Sirius 2.41.25... .¢.de ec aceeee esseeeee/1. Crumplen and J. Parkin. PN edieedap as csecesccssscce|necececseesec'va| as. PORTING HN vialtvioadeebncen selene comes et iad Stee eda lAs ose, ski ensehel ; and W. J. H. PE UOHMCAUNGItTAML s'secea'ese|-esccacepeceae {ees eatativassessvesseceseoesea|e isarsbevereene sts seseseees-} 1. Crumplen and J. Parkin. MEPECAINIGEISPATKS) ....00.0.|.c00sse05 osceee|ucs maesaeddhisceass sa sscesaucet|nestemnectes tense veccsssees[Ae S. Herschel and W. J. H. ft 2 momentary train 5°|......... iweaes| se savapeaegenouces st ecsakee cues teeteteees cosas cesececeveseees T. Crumplen and J. Parkin. 0 train or sparks .........|.cc0008 ebrinrseeiiedacas Sachbinasacnsanecmes cat Corresponds to Euston|A. S. Herschel Road, 2" 55" a.m.| and W.J.H. (See Appendix I.) SMMPEATMUGLISPALKS: 555.s000s|sccscsesposvove|2s-ckecesecs’s seceeeetecnssces[seeteseceresseseeseeeesceeeee/ Ls CruMMplen and J. Parkin, o train or sparks .........|. parsaenpsctuiai|ancde Sesegine aatacts Beccuisces Sisehacnedsnen ies sesssceeseeesesJA. S. Herschel and W.J.H. cascoee| Very few meteors. ,..... E. J. Lowe. tenes ee eer eee eee ere Trees eres MBPHMMOEISPATKS:...,..05.|seeceececestecslecconee pee tie ...(A8 large as a tennis-ball/V. Fasel. addddseussteyt|seees couaenaeietercedtee ME Al iat eet sescuecddsswecsvaal WV «kde VLO0G. SP etree menses eee eewaeeeneeens lesestveedeasccclades-sasus age ameanesee svewaaaaleensete waapeavecesensatasiostee| Ss. kn MMALEr, raseavascuacscesitteteerese ceseasccsestseeasibeciAs) Ss, Herschel and W. J, HH. ft a train 10° in length, hich disappeared sud- denly. POGOGCE IC OBRECE ont cRecesnn: AoucDnOCOGeRereeee From a point R. A. 90°,/T. Crumplen and N. Decl, 40°, to al J. Parkin, point R. A. 73°, N. Decl. 393°. 14 REPORT—1864. Place of Position, or Date.| Hour. Ouseeaith Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. Altitude and . Azimuth. 1863.) hm s Noy.13/ 2 48 30 |Weston - super -|=Ist mag.* ...... Reddish ....../0°5 second ...|From R, A. 149°, N am. Mare. Decl. 233°, top R. A. 159°, No Decl. 222°. 13| 2 48 45 |Hawkhurst s=2E MAX soo. IWhife: <-5.,s0.05 0°6 second .../From a point R. AW a.m. (Kent). 52°, N. Decl. 633%) to R. A. 222°, Ny : Decl. 523°. T3I0D 5 45 NDid occ. eccoscoces =2nd mag.x ....0 Wihite® sbieccsss 0°7 second ...|From » Tauri to 2 a.m. (&, Ceti, B Arig etis). ! 13| 2 53 a.m.|Euston Road |=14 mag.+ ...... Bluish ......... 0°6 second ...|From g Orionis to (London). ° E Psalterii. 13} 2 54 a.m.|Weston - super -|=1st mag.x ...... Reddish ...... 0°5 second .../From R.A. 1492?) Mare. N. Decl. 2340 to R. A. 156°, Ny Decl. 20°. Me eaeceatoes dee cc Beeston, ODSerq|..cccssccccescscscereegs[orecsecssccsccecen|sscvecgebaces oesend ele Se At Oe vatory. 14} 8 0 p.m.|Weston - super -|/=2nd mag.* ...... IBIMG esheasaue 1 second ...... From o to Z H Mare. culis. 14)11-12 p.m.|Wolverhampton |...:+..sseeeseseeenseees|oee eeecece ercvcecs|serecees seeseeeeeel, Saseceseccesercsccced E (Staffordshire). : 14)11 18 p.m.|Hawkhurst =2nd mag.t ...... White ..,......|0°8 second ...|From 4 (« Draconis; (Kent). y Urse Minoris)) : to Z Draconis. VATS 2230) Abbi oes ke cedede seik' MAQ.¥ .eeeceeee IWIRIEE sch sees 1°5 second ... From P Camelop. au m. 4 (t, ~) Cephei. 9 AANA G2S) Pim. |LDId. | Wolverhampton |). 2¢..-.-22..--cescees|asssoscsussteceess|covscovseosesso0e>/ sasscccusuanspsmae een a.m. (Staffordshire). 1510-30 to: |Pbidlsccssc.cece ...|All=2nd mag.x ...|Golden _ with/2°5 to 5 secs.../From Canis Minoyfl} 1 30 am. reddish tint. to Eridanus (jus below the heac of Cetus). U5) 350 fa) ibid) sccsy maunvavetiaeuentsecasrcsase seeevesiee teeeee enccopenpoioseacaneseereossaslgname Maia Bisse é 2 0 am. 15/11 0 p.m.|Flimwell, Hurst}> Ist mMag.x .,....Jecccsesseecevereesleceeeeeseeereeeeee(First appeared 10) Green (Sussex). from Procyon reckoned toward) y Geminorum)) Disappeared 3° below Betelgeus 18/About 10 30|/Manchester ...... Nearly = full moon] White .,......./3 to 5 seconds|About altitude 45° p-m. in N.W. 29| 6 2 p.m.|Prestwitch(Man-|= 3rd mag.x ......Jecsresseeseeeeeeele weve vevasensco ene From y to 2 Gemi chester), Telit ’ norum. 29] 6 34 p.mlIbid ....eesseseee =) ri Nien GA pean ee one eesseateee From « Lyre to ! Herculis. 2917 10) pane Wbidicecees sans evess =1} mage ...... Reddish ...... 1 second ...... From « Arietis to Piscium. * 29) 7:16. p.m.|Ibid ..05....:.0.00. SAU OAR cseccns|-0ssccscorecpecsss 0°5 second .../To o, halfway fror &, Ceti. 29; 7 27 p.m.iIbid...... deubeoves SSOLE MARK oceeee|scocscescvssrastan|sebovcees sessaveee(TO t Herculis sss A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 15 Direction ; noting also Appearance; Train, if any,} Length of | whether Horizontal, f and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or Remarks. Observer. Inclined. W. H. Wood seconds 5° in length. Left a train for 2 seconds upon half of its course. Road Observatory, 2h48™a.m, (See Ap- pendix I.) Left a bright train for 3)..........,..,.[ecosesscssoecssccecesccesseees Corresponds to Euston|Id. _ seconds on four-fifths o Road Observatory, 2 — its course. 53™ am. (See Ap- | pendix I.) ueft a bright train for 23 The brightest train seen.|T. Crumplen and seconds 10° in length. Crossed t Orionis. J. Parkin. ueft a red train for 2 ESTO eae santee W. H. Wood. seconds 4° in length. seeees/E. J. Lowe. No train or sparks ,........|.+.. A. S. Herschel and H.T.H. : @ train for 2 SCCONS|].........cecece[screereresecceeeseensescecsees eck 0 train or sparks .........|. Bree eee teoefipnw casas aos onsepepnnes|t sate resaris “etre erie +-(Id. Blue with red tail; after-|Id. seconds. wards overcast. half an hour. Perfectly parallel from/About 60 meteors injId. E.to W.; not 10° de-| one hour. viation, eft trains throughout|50° to 70°.. their course. Id. Rapid decrease in fre- quency. downwards|Sky thick ; moon only/A. Brothers. from W. to N. visible. [PPP eee erro esse erases tHE teasls Hse eeee esse beeeseseeeesesess R. P. Greg, 16 Date. 1863. Nov.29 h m 7 28 29) 7 31 29) 8 45 29; 9 18 29) 9 45 30/6 0 Hour. p-m. p-m. p-m. p-m. p-m. to 10 p.m. p-m. to 615 p.m. 30) 9 26 Lo) 3|10 17 4) 8 45 chester). and as far again) 5|Between 7\Carnarvon ...... Very brilliant me-|.........+ Codavecs| wouweverseuseteas Passed over thi) and 8 p.m. teor. town to Bon Newydd, wher it disappeared. — 5|Shortlyafter|Kingstown Lit the sky like|/Blue........./Several secs.../Appeared in the Fy 7 pm. (Ireland). sheet lightning. and descende into the sea. 5\About 7 45\Ledbury (Here-|A flash like light-|Yellow tinged).........+++...+..pDisappeared befor p.m. ford). ning. with blue. it reached round, | BIA few mi-|Stretton (Here-|seccssseccssseseeseeslesnsers web paisanaillkeaweents vesseeees| Nearly in R.A. 15) nutes be-| ford). N. Decl. 50°. fore 8 p.m. 5|A few mi-|Langorse Filled the sky with) White .....ccoelseccsscerseeeenees Facing N.W., t nutes be-} (Brecknock). | light. light appeared fore 8 p.m. be behind. 5/A few mi-|[dle, near Brad-|Brilliant; = rocket|Purple, Dblue,|....s0..ssereeeees Burst into sig nutes be-| ford, at afew hundred] and white. due W. fore 8 p.m. yards. p-m. p-m. p-m. p.m. p-m. p-m. p.m p-m. p-m. p.m. p-m. nePort—1864. Place of Observation. Apparent Size. Prestwitch(Man-}=2nd mag.* ...... chester). W]e be Serionecanbbicn. =Ist mag.x ...0.. Weston - super -| Bright as the moon; Mare. very large. Prestwitch(Man-|=3rd mag.x ..... chester). Charing Cross |As large round as (London). the mouth of a tumbler. Prestwitch(Man-|13’ diameter ...... chester). Weston - super -/>I1st mag.x Mare. Colour. Duration. — ——$———— Bright white..|0°75 second ... 0°5 second ... eeeeeeee White . White .........{1°25 second... FOP eetePeseeeseeeieeeeeee eee etone Messdescecaas sss.-(3 Seconds.....- Dark blue, |2 seconds...... then white. Prestwitch(Man-]= 2nd mag.# ......[...ssseeerecseeteeleaaees squgutbiecen chester). HEL eaetssesaSoad 2> Sirius .........|Bright white...!2 seconds...... DDItlsssacesscccsonse =2nd mag.% ws. WiOMISHG sessctlesengesideusaces des TDI ceccssceesseet = 2nd mag.¥ ...... Reddish white|2°5 seconds ... EDIE aveceeu seeds =4th Mage ......|eeecesereeecsceeer|seeeecnees soeceees Weston - super -|> Ist mag.* ......|Bright yellow |} second Mare. Wiidierseetessnra sc =2nd mag.x ......|Blue ....0066 1 second ...... Nid ieecsemeseseaene =Ist mag.¥ ...... Dull yellow .../3 seconds ; very slow. NDidMercces seer cae =Ist mage eres. Bluish white.../ second ...0. Prestwitch(Man-|=3rd mag.* «.+++ Reddish white]0-5 second .. ...|From @ Urse Ma 3 Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. From 6 Cassiopeia to « Andromedze.} From ¢« Cephei to c Cassiopeiz. In E., altitude 30° to 45°. From v to ) Ursa Majoris. From x Draconis te « Cygni, passing between 3, 4 Urs Minoris. — Commenced at halfway to Urs Majoris. | From 6 Urse Ma joris. From y Pegasi to ¢ Ceti. From 3 to o Dra} conis. .|From ¢ to o Cephei joris. From 6 Geminor From R.A. 137° N. Decl. 35° t the N.E. 3 N horizon. From # Eridani t B Orionis. } A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 17 Direction ; noting also Appearance; Train, if any,]| Length of | whether Horizontal ” and its Duration, | Path. Perpendicular, or : Remarks. Observer. Inclined. R. P. Greg. Id. Tluminated the scene......|-+-+s-esseseree|Fell vertically down .,,/Interrupted view among|Communicated trees (? 98 45™ p.m.).| by W. H. Wood. Left a train Seve seeeecerceslsasereOOOeegees R. P. Greg. Feet Or eeedeseeeseeeseeees Preceu Cee Cee eer eeerer irr errr eogecanecbassdoe seseseceseee-/DeZan almost over-|Communicated head, and disappeared| by T. Crumplen. behind _ buildings. (Time certain.) | Rae bee R. P. Greg. Somewhat pear-shaped.|..........0000 Vivid. At first dull; Dbecamel........cecececleeee bausceuscvccuacchsesccssce Disappeared once, and|W. H. Wood. luminous, passing from reappeared ; slow mo- blue to white. tion. PMStSt te eetecacctterscscauselLO- sbssseene Directed from @ Cygni..|......... POOP OT EPR a rere eee eeSa ee eO ees FEF EHE DEE HH EEE ED ESSERE ESSE OOS Burst into sparks. Left al.........s0000 train. MSc evdin ses LOO sbaassana Directed from « Ursz]...... Majoris. POP OOo eee eeeeeeereesers he 5° to left of perpendicu-].........0+ seddroncseaney seas lar; down. MEE EDATIEO ac scyccvesseses|occcccsvecs TOTP R EERE TOTO ESOS ET OS sesso reese eee eeeeeeeeeatesees FOCUS TE Reese reer en eeeOtesereeseesleses Peewee er eee SOC eeeeeerreee® FOOOO Tee et HH somone rest Oe reser eEeeeenesere Disappeared with an €X-|......s..seeeee, PTEETETERIIIT TEPER Tire te seenee plosion. Herald.’ Large ball of flame with a seeeterreeoenas Descending POM eee ebeeseeer FOP OHHOOSOHOF EF ORHH eT EEHEHeoes |. The Standard.’ long feathery tail of fire. Emitted bright sparks as it]..............,Descended perpendicu-|escessseeeees seesceeeesseeee|‘Hereford Times,’ fell, larly. As described in other ac-/Not>- 2°...|.....ccsesssssseessrseeeeseee(Dhe whole path fore-|H. C. Key, counts. shortened to 2°. FRSC OTRO HO rere eeOR aa eceeetetensleveseseeererees POCO ee ree aeeereeeeeeeseeesseser Starlight ; several fall- P L., ¢ The ing stars. Times,’ Like the bursting of Bl cveesvessenene Hess acdeedansiaasescacasseaies SE Robert Sutcliffe. rocket a few hundred yards off. 18 REPORT—1864. Position, or Place of 3 5 : Date.| Hour, Ofscmition. Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. hoo | 1863./h m } Dec. 5|A few mi-|Furness Abbey/Resembled light-|White ......ses|eesssseecseescreelesscecenesernestee cereus nutes be-| (Lancashire). | ning fore 8 p.m. Eipsceeod eae ct sese|Howden (W. Off...csccsseesseseeecceees|stetteesseeersraes|eeeeeseenenenenees About W.N.W.; | Hull). almost touched) the earth. | iltte wane cou renes Blyth (Northum-|.......seecseceeseeeseee Red and green}............+2:++- First appeared due berland). W.., altitude 30°, 4) aasabeeee +-+.(Beaumaris (An-|Bright as full mOOn).--....ssseesestes|seeeeeeneeeesennee The direction of} | glesey). the light was Wy and 8. Sievcbstanssans Bathis.ssccsvessprct Avgbrinnge Fgh s.ccas|esersssaveseesosfneaeasodsrsssaeanieaaeecbauanensaee “a D| cesses en eye ---|Manchester ...... Two bright flasheS..|.........+sescseve|eeceeceneesesonnes In the same field) of view with a) Andromede. | | tiliveppecrssdeess Hawkshead, —|-eweees seveuesnepeeeesstiae Soevedendoossasn|seceuncpsestsseces]| teens cecsusscabeyad> ae Windermere. | | Oevwssasoccgeees Parkhill, Ross-|Bright as full moon}Pale blue, frag-|2 or 3 seconds|Proceeded almost} shire. ments red. due S., at a low altitude across the sky. 1 5| 7 54 p.m.|Hawkhurst Like lightning ...|White ......... Momentary ...|Facing S.E., the! (Kent). flash appeared to be behind. ; 5| 7 55 p.m.|Coast-guard Sta-|Large fireball ......Jssssseseeereeesees 2 or 3 seconds|From about altitude tion, Camber 35° to about alti- (Hastings). tude 40°. j 3) Eeaopecos Gece Burton-on-Trent}4> 2 ........eeeees Pale blue, tail|/Not > 2secs.|First appeared a crimson. an altitude of 30° N.W. by N. 5) 7 55 p.m.|Chesterfield Large fireball ......|Greenish seveeesveseeseeees[Higher up in the (Derbyshire). white, twice sky than Ursa changingtored Major. 5| 7 55 p.m.|Little Horton, [Large and bright...|Colours very|3 seconds....../Nearly due WwW. Bradford. bright. ¥ 5| 7 55 p.m.|Haslingden(Lan-|Cast shadows ...... Pale blue ......|A few seconds|From near y Urs: cashire). Majoris to 4° below a Lyre where it burs (See sketch.) A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 19 Direction; noting also Appearance; Train, if any,| Length of | whether Horizontal, and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or bc itn, Observer. Inclined. {iluminated the scene......|...- mokSsameshelh wesduab¥Usres dadeness sharpens Seen also at Ulverston..|/H., ‘ Manehester Guardian.’ Nucleus of brilliant light.|............... Fell quite vertically ...|....sssccsccssccsecesseecenens ‘The Times.’ Burst into fragments like a shell. ett oneveral flakes, Hke/20° ,....2::c|cccccccoccsecccces caniesatsiniveste Siac dussaanaebesaus chveeataws M. W. Bullen. molten drops, in its flight. Bi spines DUMP Naaniasussevsencl acs sccuscceaes|uedsasecrelesesacesessvedssese|icandsavedenecsssuevsesveshunctds, WILMAMS. Peisasvenbsive eeeeer sea sscrcsnc|tvwcvavessciesd|seebesdsrvesecsseesscacesensss(NKy quite covered withiG. H. Si, “The a thick fog. Times.’ Che meteor burst twice ...|,........ mona The light appeared on|‘‘ At first the meteor|A. Brothers. the west edge of the} appeared stationary, field of view in a tele-| like Venus out of scope. place.” (Observa- tion near Manches- ter.) eA] ST AULCTIAC-|...0.00.cc000coa|tennessasshe-codeassoovssascns In 4 or 5 minutes a/Robert S. Hart. counts. meteoric sound like a train crossing a bridge, which lasted 2 or 3 seconds. DAMS AOL ight With].,...0.cesacee[sessecoess Pvasaaeveneaeges oe Heavy rain ......seccceeee G.M., ‘The dull nebulous tail. Times.’ Vanished amid deep- red falling fragments. Huminated the whole sky}...............[scecsesressseereeee wabgadetnee Thick drizzling rain ...|A. S. Herschel. | sete eee W. to E., slightly as-|Burst three times ...... W. E. Buck. cending. lobe of light with train}............ ...{Fell vertically ......000... No report heard; va-|E. B. K., ‘The of 4 or 5 crimson-red nished suddenly. Times.’ flakes. Left no streak. isappeared with redj...,...........,D0WnWards, inclining]|......-..+.+++ seesseevesereee|’ Manchester colour. to the left. Guardian.’ ‘ollowed by a long train.|............... separdecaaepsaccecaseered Papel Soot ORE ee nn Acerer eter 25" C., ‘ Manehester Disappeared with a Guardian.’ bright coruscation. rilliant egg-shaped nu-|,...... | eee A 58 acenoaecdety csawcnees -«-|Not much inclined to/T. T. Wilkinson cleus, followed by a tail the horizon. (Proceedings which tapered to a point. Lit. Phil. Soc. of Manches- ter). Ursa Major. 20 REPORT—1864. Place of Position, or Date.| Hour. Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. Altitude and Observation. Azimuth. 1863.; h m Dec. 5| 7 57 p.m.|Hale (Manches-|Large and bright...|White; tail |2 or 3 seconds|Disappeared about ter). purplish red. 20° above the} horizon, and 15° from the west) margin of the Milky Way. 5} 7 57 p.m.|Liverpool......... Two very flashes. seconds. a from the posi tion of the Pol star. | 5). seeeseeeeeees-| Broughton seneeneneeeeceneneccseesleceuneeeeenansecae|sesesenneres veeeee/Fell towards the Bridge, Salford river near the s (Manchester). pension-bridge. — 5| 7 58 p.m./West Bromwich|Large as a hen’s|White, green,|.......c.:eseeee In N.W., altitudd (Birmingham). and pink. about 45°, 5) 7 58. p.m.|Stretford (Man-|..... -|Purple and |2 or 3 seconds ) chester). yellow. peared abou) halfway from thi zenith to the ho rizon. 5) 7 58 p.m./Preston (Lanca-|Half < moon......|Blue-purple...|About 2 secs...|Fromnearthe Milk Way (W.N.W,. altitude 45°) t altitude 15°. — 5/About 8p.m.|Liverpool.,.......|Cast shadows ......|Pale blue......!8 or 10 secs...|In N.N.W., altitud 40°. 5)About8p.m,|Selkirk — (Scot-|=full moon.......0.[seseeeeseeeeeee A few secondsi[n the W. (disap land). peared _behin/ clouds). | A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 2h a Direction ; noting also Appearance; Train, if any,] Length of | whether Horizontal, and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or materia Observer. Inclined. = 2 Left sparks, like those off|............... 30° to left of perpendi-|Clear sky .,....++. moet H. Harrison. a blacksmith’s anvil. cular down. Meith acipcvsssedepsoassescoslsserevcveccenss OES COTTER CnC The meteor itself was/F, J. Bailey. hidden behind high houses. e a rocket dsvepese PET Tee Ss ee piukbbeassenes suateumece tee eee eeeee eee eseeeeeeeeesosens R. Knowles. number of fragments]...+++..s+0000 Almost vertically AOWn|+++ssecsssecssesseeneeseeenees James Hall. parted from the nucleus as it descended. Purple and yellow Dballs}.....secseseees|sseeeees Sichvaneas ocveiseacee The second flash of|J, H., ‘Manches- seen falling in the sky light stronger than) ter Guardian.’ after two strong flashes the first. of light. laring ball of light, with|20° to 30°../Slanting downwards to-|Clear sky. The tail was\J. C., ‘The an adhering red and wards S.W. several degrees in| Times.’ fiery tail. length. t first an ordinary falling-|10° Me Seencesves soceeeveeeeeserene] We G. Drysdale. star; burst suddenly _ into a large blue light: when this was fading, a red drop ran down from it, and terminated in a small explosion. (See _ sketch.) R Re eeetaee sc cetccccecdloccconcteseeres(DESCended. With: 8). cscecesscessescssesseseesse|* The Scotsman, waving motion. mee S 22 REPORT—1864., Position, or Altitude and f Place of | Azimuth. Observation. Duration. Date. | Hour. Apparent Size. Colour. 1863.;h ms Dec. 5) 8 2 p.m.|Douglas (Isle of|Head=diameter of|Head green,|As long as the\In E. or S.E., alti etis) across Piscium and y Pegasi almos to the urn of | Aquarius. i| a Man). fullmooninlength,) tail red and| flight of aj tude 30° or 45°.) % ditto in breadth.| yellow rocket It 5) 8 3 p.m./Royton, Oldham|} diameter of full]............++e...(/4 seconds...... In W.S.W., from (Manchester).| moon. altitude 50° to altitude 38°. 6} 9 50 15 |Hawkhurst == UA MARE oscesscoe White .......0. 1:2 second ...|From C Camelo-|) p.m. (Kent) pardali to 4 (xj Persei, 5 Cassio-| peiz). i 6| 9 56 p.m.|Ibid....... rpms =2k mag.*....0-+.|White .........(0°9 second ...|From 2° W. of dit Camelopardali to A Custodis. 610 7 30 /Trafalgar Square|=2nd mag.x ...... White tise scses l1second ....../From ys Tauri to 4] p.m. (London) (y, v) Ceti. i 610 7 45 |Hawkhurst =2nd mag.* ...... White: Josesase 1°3 second ...|From4(y, A) Tauri} p.m. (Kent) 0 + (y Arietis,|} &, Ceti). | 6/FO 8) pim.|Ibid)............0. =25 mage... Ruddy ..,......|0°5 second ...|Described a short}} are round 8 An-), dromedz. | 6/10 15 p.m.|Trafalgar Square|=34 mag. ........./Bluish ......... 0-4second ...|From g Gemino-}} (London) rum to a _ fey | degrees _abovel| and _ following} | Procyon. | 6/11 13 p.m.|Hawkhurst =Ist mag.x.........|White ........ 1°5 second ..,/From 6 to # Piscium (Kent) } BHO Serum. |thid. css seecuks: =24 mag.x .....00 White, .steer-e- 04 second .,./From 3° N, of a} almost to « Pe-|, gasi. 8/10 21 45 Ibid ,.............. =2nd mag.x ...... White, then |1°5 second ...|From N Camelo- | p-m. yellow, then pardali to 4 ( | red. Ursz Minoris, a} Draconis). i SILT SG. DMs Tid..cescesssocesece =25 mag.x ......... White .........,0°5 second .../From A Custodis to « Cassiopeiz. | 8/11 56 30 [Ibid ...............| = 3rd mage ...... Yellow ......{0°5 second .../From 7, y, mie p.m. Persei to 4 (g|) Persei, @ Cassio | peiz). | 811 59 30 [Ibid ........ re =2nd mag.* ...... White wec.csie.[rrcresserrereeees From 2° N. p-m. Ky to 2° cea i ing y Andro i ’ mede. 12) 5 33 p.m.|Nottingham...... Ziel Dp errnagseecaseee Prismatic (red|2 seconds ...|From 2° below y and blue) Arietis over 7 and 6 Piscium to { Piscium. . 12} 5 40 p.m.jOundle (Cam-/Fine rocket - like}.................. <2seconds.../From 3% (« Tri-} bridgeshire). | meteor. anguli, « Ari- | 4 A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 23 Direction; noting also Appearance ; Train, if any, whether Horizontal, sad its Duration. Perpendicular, or cone. Observer. Inclined. Communicated by S. Simpson. lights. ead lemon -shaped, |About 12°..|30° from perpendicular/Bright as full moonlight; W. Bentley. burst at last, leaving down. clear sky. a band of red fire in two places. No train or sparks Bb cicciveusewusane Leacecleetenes Coe ceccccnccvccescceccclecosscoserece eeccvece weecdede< A. S. Herschel. Left a slight train for 1 sec. Corresponds to Hawk- T. Crumplen. hurst 10" 7™ 45° p.m. Left a train for 4 aAlseccecsceseseee[ecereecsseeeveeesccreeeseoess second on a part of the course. \Left a train on 2 of its course for 2 seconds. A. S. Herschel. T. Crumplen. A. 8. Herschel. Codcduacaloataumsncevsey deatseutdsnsedys Td. Left a track 7° or 8° in),,,.... Disappeared midway be- tween ¢ Pegasi and 0 Piscium. REPORT—1864. Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. Place of Observation. Date.| Hour. Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. 1863.;h m s Dec.12|From 6 p.m.|Norwich ......... Bright shooting- |.....s...006. The part of the tol0 p.m. stars. heavens where] they were most] plentiful, and nate, was the constellation Perseus. 12} 8 37 p.m.jGreenwich .....,=5th mag.x ; very|Blue ......... faint. second, joris, directly towards « Ursz| Majoris. 12; 9 10 p.m.|Hawkhurst =2nd mag.* ......|White ......... 0°5 second ...|From d Camelo- (Kent). pardali to m Cus- todis. 12) 9 16 p.m.|Weston - super -|> Ist mag.* ....,.|Blue and white/1 second ...... From @ Lyre to Mare. y 12) 9 17 p.m.|Ibid .......eeeeeee.{= 20d mag.¥ ...... gesdbueeesiasweres 2 seconds...... From ¢ Urse Mi- noris to Head o Camelopardalus. | 12} 9 18 p.m.|[bid .........06 cooe[=2nd MAg.x sesssefeeeeeeseeeeessveee[ld second ...[From & Urse. Mi- Camelopardalus. -|Trafalgar Square|=3rd mag.x ses...Jesecsseeeseeeee -+-/0°4 second .,.|From 3 (a, y) Ari-|_ (london). etis to R. A. 1h) 48™, N. Decl.10°.| 12} 9 20 p.m.|Hawkhurst =2nd mag.x ...... IWIDKE) cwchesees 2 seconds...... From 8 Tauri to a|_ (Kent). 2 12; 9 23 p.m.|Trafalgar Square|=Ist mag.t.........|.s.sseeeeseeeeeeee l second ,,,,..|From a Orionis to (London). 12) 9 29 p.m.| Weston - super -}= 2 2% .rsssseecceeess Bright yellow|2 seconds...... From & Draconis to} _ Mare. 3 Cygni. 12) 9 52 -p.m.|Trafalgar Square|=14 mMag.* .e..| White ....+00./4 second ...... From § (8, 1) Pe- (London). gasi to 5° W. of f Pegasi. St aA PIE 5 ycsnsuaen aes] BEANE Is, vocaubexosendancoseeli=:fagsdansed b swiss From (%, 7) Urse Majoris to the north horizon. .| Whites... 0-4 second ...|To d Urse Majoris Hawkhurst =drd mag.* ..... p-m. (Kent). 12}10 13 p.m.|Tbid ......... seoses| OF TALE occ eees White ......... 05 second .,.|From v to p Persei 12/10 16 p.m.|Tbid ..........0008. S25 MAL.x .sssceee WEN CG 55 eoaee 0°4 second .../FromeAurigze, half- way to Z Persei. 12/10 21 p.m.|[bid w.s.esesseeeee =Srd mag-* ...... Winite veneer ane 0°6 second ...|From @ Cassio- peiz, two-thirds of the way to A Andromede. Trafalgar Square|=3rd mag.x ......|.++ eaccevese Sones levereseinvees eee [From 5° below (London). y Orionis to 5° below y Tauri. 12)10 23 p.m. — ibe White ......... 0°5 second .../From a to 6 Ceti... 12}10 21 p.m. 12/10 24 45 [Ibid ......sc0s000-./a3rd mage se... Witiie ust ccns: 0°6 second .,.|From ¢ to 7 Tauri.. p.m. 12}10 28 p.m.|[bid .....eseeceeeee/= 25 MAX sisaee White ........./0°8 second .,.|From P Camelo- pardali to 3 (c, 2) Ursz Minoris. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 25 ae \ppearance ; Train, ifany,| Length of and its Duration. Path. _—.—$—$—$—$<—— —— Setar tease ee eeeerereeeeesnareeriseeareseseeee 1O £VAIN seccesececsecccecesss{seerrenseestees SEH RH eee teense serteeeeetessranen|® ee eeeteteeeaee CHE OR anew een eee E Hea ee etaneneris eee eeeeeeeenas Vebulous ; no nucleus ...|.c.seeesereeees Jebulous ; no nucleus ...|scereeeee eed Fegan SUdMEN]Y ....ssesesss|eceseecesenees eft a train 15° in length../25° ....+... seft a train of sparks ......|-sessseseeeele Fane e PORE EOD eee e eee eS eeesesaerlseereeeseneee ° ene wenabaesneseeecees 6 Pees eeeee PCC e ei dudacavedtcncercceses eee eee eet e tees Petes eet taeereeesereseseresees POO ee reeeereeer Paneer eee eee P ee eeer eh OP nesses | Seereeesreeere sfeenceeeseecesercccnccece seeees FEOPO Roemer eneeereeetetenenes Direction ; noting also whether Horizontal, Perpendicular, or Inclined. Remarks. Observer. snigucdsauesbecons seesseseceeees-[Lvery few minutes wit-|‘ Norwich Mer- nessed their sudden} cury,’ Dec. 16. display. Hundreds of shooting-stars. Deets sae a dha daa ito ae eck Nek |eoa se Me cconie Doend oo Wenvenapen| Whey edNaS is deadese VedaevedacscBe mee Mestedcasende sccsccsccanesseee (Ae Se Herschel. senceesesecersccesseseeseeees-(Cloudy after 94 45™ p.m.|W. H. Wood. SOE ROHR REO RS EE ee HE DEESEE HEH lene POPP eee ewe meen eee ner eneee Id. POU UU UPS PPS EUSP PEEPS ea Id. Jan vadden sdceanaacdssoentpebt-|cceduedasevevadssdsedeotieet ie, T. Crumplen. a ecees ee Nise cwadecoandsaeen| Meee escaccsusdoedssccese}s-|/te aeMeLerechel, he pca es ca'aeaua saopomede Saeed occa ton cte state Ketesaeeeos torte ERD ents ta ceaataehesapawaccus sosestieane’ Late A snan seseveseees.| We H. Wood, eft a train 10° in length..|20° .........].....005+ SA ASCE CEC oe POE Ween, vecee eae T. Crumplen. ..|eeccessecevscsesssseveeeseseee/Termination concealed|!d. by buildings. Directed from e Lyncis|.........cccccesesessseeseese.[Ae 5» Herschel. sonst een hand UL Salesceaedssceneaestioun eee Sane eeastsanc te OO Mee aisarsaeascecesttia Lee Id. SUMIRUS MUST Sicccuccccsev-|sasesevedesssss|ses Napussheaessoracesanneeswas seasedusacawevusteetecaieerte:| Ue OLUmplens r Do ? Feet ereeeeeseneeeeeeesssetans|teOnereeee ee eee Baeaseceiudecdsusccancsce ceva vosesdosesescoscidessvendecdtettis MEaeRSCLEl: SOTO OEE OEE E EEO e eee eee le seeeee Pee eee wweeeeeeeet etree Id. PORTO POOR eee REET HEHE SETH HESEH | see SEEEEE ESE ES HERO SE EOE HESS Id. 26 REPORT—1864. ||. | 3) | y | | Place of Position, or Date.| Hour. Observation Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. Altitude and vad Azimuth. 1863.| h m s Dec.12/10 33 45 |Hawkhurst =25 MAgex —sasoee Yellow .....s0+ 1:1 second ...|To 3 Aurige two- p.m. (Kent). thirds of the way}}) from ¢ Telescopiil | and 2° further. 12/10 37 30 {Ibid ...............,—= 2nd Magex ...... White ......... 0°6 second .../From 4 (8 Ursex p.m. Minoris, « Dra-|}) conis) to »v Ursa} } Minoris. 12}10 41 30 {Ibid ..............|=drd mag.* ....../Yellow......«+.(0°7 second ...|From @ Tauri to p.m. (n Tauri, o Per. sei). 12|10 44 15 [Ibid ............... =2nd mag.x ....../White ......... 1-2 second ...|From ¢ Eridani .. p-m. 2 12/10 46 p.m.|[bid ........-.eee0s =3h Magex eveeee | White c.ereceee 0°5 second ...|/From 4 (¢, v) Per- sei (centre) to @ Andromede. 12/10 47 15 |Ibid.............../=25 mag.* ...ee.|White ......... 0°7 second ...|/From 4° below o p-m. Cygni. 12}10 50 p.m.|Ibid ........... aens|==ok WALK... coerce Dial iv ceased 0°6 second .../From Z Tauri to Ceti. 12/10 52 p.m.|[bid ......s00..-5 =4th mag.x oe Yellow ....../0°6 second ...|From F Custodis to W Cephei. 12}10 56 p.m.|Ibid ........-.e00e- = 25 MAH eeeeveeee Orange ,.,...|1°8 second .../From z Bootis to 3} Draconis. I2ZL1L 2 30 [Ibid ......ceereeeee =23 mag.x ......|White .,.......{0°7second ...|Centre « Tauri .. p.m. PALL) 7, pam. Wid ..0csec0c0ee00s|—= Se MAG scccen| WHICC) cee.coeee 0-6second .,.|From ~ Tauri to Ceti. 12/11 16 30 |Ibid........ Renee =2nd mag.* ......|White .........|1 second ...... To 6 Eridani, halfe|| p-m. way from + Ori-| onis. 13} 8 11 p.m.|Ibid .........0e0e-|—=Ist mag.x ...... Witte) ovueseas- 12 second .,./From 2° above Camelopardali to B Urse Mi noris, 13] 8 46 p.m.|Trafalgar Square|=14 mag.x — ..scse}eeceseseeeee peaeeu\s=scnnaden seeeeee(From below y Pe-| (London). gasi to below f}) Piscium. 13) 9 40 p.m.|Hawkhurst =3h Mag. ones White ..4s00... 0-8 second ...|From Cassio-} (Kent). i peie to 4 (A Andromedez, g} Lacertz). 13] 9 42 p.m.|Ibid ........ seooeee| = ord mag.* 1 second ...... From p Orionis .. 13] 9 48 SO. [TDI .ccccccccceeenst== oe WAS casese{DUI] cnccvecee 1 second ......|From 4 (a, p-m. Arietis towards) &, Ceti. 13] 9 49 p.m.|Ibid .........e0eee. =2nd mag.* ......)White ......... 0°8 second ...|From 3 (y Tri angulze, ¢ Mus-|| ce) to ¥ AG) Triangulz, y Ari etis). 13] 9 54 30 {Ibid .......00...... =35 Magee sass Orange colour|1°8 second . eee p Ceti to p-m. Eridani. 13/10 0 30 [Ibid............... =3rd mag.x ...... White ......... 0°6 second .../From 6 Pegasi..... p.m. | 13/10 2 p.m.JIDbid ......0.-..c00 =Srd mag.x ...... Wihite i oc--s, 0°8 second ...|From 6 to ¢ Dra-} conis. A310) 5 45) |Ebid).<...ccceessee =2nd mag.x ......|White ......... 1:2 second .../From Z Ceti........ p-m. N A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 27 Direction ; noting also whether Horizontal, Perpendicular, or Inclined. Appearance; Train, if any, A ia Duration Remarks. Observer. and its Duration. es. seveccescovectcceescceccesce[Boascoscseveec|eccscsccccceccrescesseeseseee] 2 Wenty meteors in twolA. S. Herschel. hours radiated from the neighbourhood of 7 Geminorum. ° POOR eee eee eee eee SOCCER eee eee SOPH TET STEEP eee EEE Hees SOTO e ceases eseeeeeetetesener Id. RT > |i escacapevesce|eeeeeeoes paperecsdswavecvendes|nevcehsconansracpsessnacccenc cil (le een Oe itlF® ) scenen{Rellivertically, «.cscydceeeafescdageaee Gesuveonevcedeesyse's (Las el ccsscjueste [etenssovoceguecscescccsonceses[eaenay Me aceceuvsaunenteauierst|LOe Lhe fi deed Bc caces (G9 .0hccpscese.| Mell vertically ......veess:|Usccgsasesvecepcovcecvescesee( LG. ae Weel cbs visas Witeccsdcdescccaceses aka PO ee meee eee POO eee O Ore e eee eee leas asses eeeeeee ress eserseeees Id. Paes. PEt. URS, ec He cated |p sedeseraangr soscneruddeasss|esyepanceewdaveneteresteskeveq Eble pe dgrdlwns a sarsenacaie das salneveetdeatcvessehects Ane SE! Id. Directed from:s Tauri..:l) “ey. .cecovsvescussoces ogous Id. Pee UeESEOUELIOOSEOOeT Teer ee ere eee eee ree sees POPP H eer H en eeeeeeaereeeetanrcae| rrr rerereenees FOE EH OHH ETE TER EEE OESETSE EEE ares nge ress sees eeeseeeerssaes Id. Stores ener eeeesaaesesssssseas| erttee geeccece Soo ce eres een cseecccccceccccccene| te eesesesecaes| seer seeescngecorcrcrrone sees pedsatcedegasctacanese woewusmen lls PPE oreey et T. Crumplen. SO etme ra rene nesses esterases Se eeeeeee SOP R eee eee acer eerscsaslsserssesesesees qgadocsedsaBpaccsdesedadiesans| Go) Cte kee! A emehel Seer teen nene Pete ears eeeenenns | SOTeeeeseesenes cc coe dic ssceec[B°csscagecccoc|eneeo i, VORRRE RIT. Se REN SEN aE! 18 Fetter eenterneeencccersrescsenscslscccerecssesee|ssseeeserenses ceccccsecccees clecevegcesccsccessreeccssccses Id. ..{Id. 28 REPORT—1864. Position, or Date.| Hour. Gur eee Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. peer and zimuth, 1863.| h m s ; Dec.13/10 11 39 |Hawkhurst =34 mag.x .....|Yellow ...... 0°6 second ,,./From } (#, \) Tauri p-m. (Kent). ; 13)10 18 30 |Ibid...............;=3rd mag.x ......|White ...... --./0°6 second .../To a Musce, #} of p-m. the course from g Persei. 13/10 44 30 [Ibid .........00000e/=2nd mag.x ssore| White wr. 0:8 second .../From 2° N. of a} | p.m. Andromede, 3 of the course to} | v Pegasi. 13/10 52 15 |[bid .eseoessesseees =$rd mag.x ......|White ........-/1'2 second ...{From 3 (7, /) Cus-| | p-m. todis, two-thirds of the course to ¢ Persei. 27\Evening .../Southampton ..,/Diameter 43 inches}.........00++++0+{3 SCCONS. ++... First appeared in} } !). S.W., and pro- ceeded to N.W. | 27/About 6 55|/Hallow (Worces-|Half diameter of|Brilliantgreen,|5 or 6 seconds|.....+..s0sese0 ile p.m. tershire). the moon. passing into deep red. 27| 6 55 p.m./East Harptree,|As large as the|Bright blue; |Slow motion ;|Commenced near Mendip Hills. | moon. followers 20seconds.| the Pleiades; | crimson, disappeared just} above the south horizon. 27| 6 57 p.m./Dulverton (So-|Large meteor ...... Bright bluish|20 or 30 secs..|Approached the belt mersetshire). colour. of Orion from 15° } north of it. al 27| 6 57 p.m.|Wittersham RyejAs large as twojAt first palel...........0. ...|Over Sandhurst ...] (Kent). fists. yellow, be- coming blue. 27| 6 58 p.m.|Tunbridge Wells|Splendid meteor.../Very —_bright]..,.....cseesee00e/[n the S.W., at no} | green and great altitude. | light red. 5 Horizon. 27/10 45 p.m.|Hawkhurst 2D Yessseceevseveee/VEIOW — cesaee 0-7 second ...\/From 34 (@ An-|/) (Kent). dromedz, 6 Pe-|}) - gasi). 31] 6 30 p.m.|Beeston Obser-|= 2f......+++sseee0ee-|Colourless; |Slowly........- N.W., altitude 45°, vatory. brilliant. moving slightly downwards __to- 1864, wards N. Jan. 1] 9 51 p.m.|Weston - super -|=Ist mag. ....,.| BlUC...se0-seeee 2 seconds....../From & Eridani to} |) Mare. 54 Sceptri. 2 7 30 p.m. Beeston Obser-|....... eee eee renee eaeeelec vege steeesssees seem eneereeeeeererleeePOenrereregeseesseens to830p.m.} vatory. Z A CATALOGUE Of OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 29 Direction ; noting also Appearance; Train, if any,) Length of | whether Horizontal, and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or Inclined. Remarks. Observer. —— | ——_—_ —_— Pesddcdasivesvecdecescecscovdsseo(O° saeco scscess} LOwards pe Ceti . Pavddsdeccentscasewcotvecstd ct A. 8. Herschel MP CMN pia ee rec n den sans ccsssfesececvcescecsslssaseevsecdececseecesses sesse.{NO Other meteor seenjId. in 30 minutes. POePUCEUIOSIOSSOSI OCIS eee eee eee e ee seeee rere rerrercer rrr ire rer eis ee Peet eee eeeeee Id. seuetecceresneasseccerascoecdecar|sssssseressueslees sessseceeseeessceresseeeeee(Eight meteors in one|Id. hour radiated from the neighbourhood o 7 Geminorum. BAESE SIMEON CWO, TEAVING Bl....c00ceresses|eccsaccececsscesussesesercsees The first meteor was not|‘ Portsmouth second meteor on its Times.’ track. diminished in size, but travelled faster] than the other. From @ “point becamel........essee|e6 SumaaunbdesheccosseeNecaesd:|sdadedeansdvateessecsevecnnace circular, drawing a train of sparks. Burst without report, and left no sparks. BRGTEHBEH FLOM A USL MATH) cc svsecsseaess|eacecectensecsccccavececeacens to the diameter of the moon; followed by three smailer elongated red bodies. R. H. H., ‘The Times.’ Deepened in colour as it/C. P. Taylor. increased. The flash resembled that of vivid lightning. teeerlene Oem eee eee eereraeerensereee At first no appendage;3)......... Peeet|peert tend ae MRE C. M., ‘The afterwards followed by Times.’ a stream of light. PPEHMEMEEME! OTL) COLOUT)|....c0cdsccocss|cccccescacducesowssavetoses seeleoncbossceoeccsssceeereoseseo+|COMmMunicated and at the same instant opened with a stream of fire. Ppsasecsecovecceccsecadveccceeresleqesctedooesoes| DESCENAINE Slantwise ... by Mrs. Nares. J. B. Caudell. Gradually diminished.,,,,,{10° .........|Directed from ¢ Cassio- peie. A. 8S. Herschel. SORE e eRe ee rerernseeseseeenes E. J. Lowe. (Fe EA a aA BI 8) a oe eS Oe ed enn Ph oe P Viavbacsssosseverasnacaetedsd| Wie tlen WOGLg JE. J. Lowe. Cee er rere reer eran POPP e emer ee eee e enone eees FHP PEE EPO bEEDEEO HERE e ee baees ieee eee Cee eee eC e eee reeeerere reise Terese Terre rer) Very many meteors .. 380 REPORT—1864. Place of Observation. Colour. Date.; Hour. Apparent Size. 1864.;h m8 Jan. 2) 7 50 p.m.|Beeston Obser-|3 times brighter|Intense blue...|...... vatory. than Ist mag.x pendicularly downwards. 2)10 O p.m.|Prestwitch(Man-|50 es stars.|All bright 3, 13, 6, < 4|In all parts of the to 1 a.m.| chester). 4, 14, 23,2, 7=| white. 1,2seconds,| sky. Ist, 2nd, 8rd remainder mag.x, &c. not noted. 2/10 O p.m./Hawkhurst 50 shooting-stars.|White or yel-|1, 16, 14,3, 4,|In all parts of the to mid- | (Kent). 3, 21, 17, 3,6=] low. <4, 1,14,] sky. night. Ist, 2nd, 3rd 2 and 3 secs. mag.x, &e. 2/10 45 p.m.|Weston - super -|=Sirius ............ SiTTUS. wdivasecs 1 second ...... From Cassiopeia, Mare. halfway to the Pleiades. 2/11 O p.m.|Bolton ...,,...+000/10 Shooting-Stars.e.},........scceeecssleeesesseneees «(From Head off to 11 30 Hydra to a point} p.m. midway between Sirius and «Canis Majoris. 3}About8 p.m.|Liverpool.......+. Large meteor ......)........sseeseereefeosseee cseveeseeesjAt a considerable} altitude. | 3| 8 25 p.m.j/Epping _ Forest/Large meteor ......|Pale blue...... Moved slowly Bank below the} (Essex). N.E. _horizon}|| a altitude 10° onjl2?. | 7| 8 36 p.m.|Weston - super -/Width half, length|Intense blue.../> 2 seconds ;| Visible on two parts| Mare. two-thirds of the very slow. of the course from! moon’s diameter. » Eridani to 8) Ceti. The third] } part of its course} hidden by obsta- cles. 7| 8 40 p.m.|Bridgewater Large meteor ...... Blue-green ...|.. ssauchenabveenss De age toward (Somersetshire). 7| 8 40 p.m.|Dulverton > the meteor of|Diffused light,/10 or 15 secs..|Began 20° S. s.w (Somersetshire).| Dec. 27. reddish. from Orion’s Belt,| | at an altitude off” 60°. 8} 8 40 p.m.)/Hawkhurst =3rd mag.* ...... Yellow ......... 0°6 second ..,|From 4 (B, Z) to (Kent). Tauri. 21) 8 40 p.m.|IDbid ........0000+0.|2 >> VENUS ..,... low. ...|Greenish yel-|13 second Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. Duration. Due N.E., started) at altitude 45°,| | and moved per- ..|From « Draconis 2) of the way to the} horizon. q i] | A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 31 Direction ; noting also \ppearance ; Train, if any,| Length of | whether Horizontal, and its Duration. f Path. Perpendicular, or Remarks. Observer. Inclined. RS ith sdb sesieseaaceceases|aca ssbndvesdranpyotBsSers ) cesdesothGicspabo Ssh [Neues } |.......... ..«s./Two radiant-points; ¢|/Most frequent from 11"/R. P. Greg. burst into sparks. Ursee Majoris and Head} to 128 p.m of Bootes. The latter became well defined at 1, a.m. a 1 oA | Radiant - point at Ch...s0...s.se0ees Speen ice A. S. Herschel. Quadrantis Muralis ; very definite. seeeseneees ENGR Rr coe se ees ccc cab es wovees|aces rev siesoveseenascesusedens From 12 p.m. until 1"{Communicated or 24 a.m. Jan. 3rd,| by W. H. Wood. shooting-stars fell one per minute. ‘wo very brilliant, andj.....,, ticgssac/asasgeaesedcoess vatdctinssdesleten dicsdsvcuesereoass seovoeee|Hugh Weight- eight ordinary falling- man. stars. Peon seen eeeaesereserereeessetehliseeensesaes eee Going N.N.W.....0000 Cevclevereccerescseece Se eeenseveceee W. G. Drysdale ear-shaped, with a tailof}...,........... Descended at an angle|Clear sky ...............|‘ The Standard.’ red sparks. of 45°. ear-shaped, with a tail.|............. oslsacSebentt sss Peeseresaes e--{Tail and outline of/W. H. Wood. Illuminated the sky at meteor dimmed by last with three rapid \\\ fog. Last third part of flashes. W the course hidden by WY obstacles. \\ \ Descended towards the W. fast a strong light.|.......,....... Descended towards the/Gas-lights looked dim in|A. Haviland. Tail like that of a W. the light. rocket. ESE ET Sa Ae (a ...([lluminated the clouds|C. M., ‘The ‘walnut. Moved with a like a bright aurora.| Times,’ flickering light. No report in ten mi- : nutes. 0 train or sparks .........|... Mee ccaves|taatoneees Pececuecer eases Se bee beicaverocevedeccecss ...{A. S. Herschel. -shaped ; left no train|8° or 10°.,.|.,..cese+essssveseeereeeeeeeee/Termination not seen ...|Id. To left from perpen- dicular. 82 REPORT—1864. Place of , Date.| Hour. Observation. Apparent Size. Colour. 1864.;/h m_ s i Jan. 21) 8 40 p.m.|Lamberhurst |Bright meteor ...| Yellow .e..seeee|eseeeee (Kent). 21) 8 55 p.m.|Hawkhurst (Kent). low. 21/10 O p.m.|[bid .......06..-++.J= Ist mag.* ......| White 23/About8 p.m.) Liverpool......... Large meteor ......|-+++ eecccnsccssesle 29; 8 30 p.m.|Hawkhurst =2nd mag.* ....../ White (Kent). 2 > Venus weessreee Greenish yel-|3°5 seconds ; aieceneae 0°4 second ... oeesu fens 0°6 second ... Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. Duration. Low in the N...... iW From Z Leonis te a point near x Leonis, R. A. 105} 52™, N. Decl} 1225 | From p to M Ca- melopardali. Commenced near « Cephei. Dis-j appeared altitude 40° N.W. From g Lyncis, of the course to Geminorum. relaxing its speed. 29| 8 42 p.m.|Weston - super -|=Sirius ..........+.{Orange colour|2‘5 seconds ...|From stars (5), (8)) Mare. to «e Andromedae 29] 8 49 p.m.|[bid ....00..-s00e0 =3rd mag.t .... Blue.......+.../2°5 seconds ; |Commencement i slowmotion.| R. A. 47°, 3. Decl. 22°. | 2919 8 p.m_|[bid ..4.....eeeeeee] = 18t mag.#.e...0+-/Blue....eeeeeee.{L second ....../From Cor Caroli 0) d Bootis. 29| 9 15 p.m.]Hawkhurst = Sirius seseee| White ...00000/0°7 second ,../From x Herculis to (Kent). 3 Bootis. | 29| 9 27 p.m.|[bid .....seeeeeeeee|—=SFd Mae seoese White .....0... 0°6 second ...JCommenced at y Ceti. | Feb. 2} 0 36 a.m.|/Wimbledon A clear disk. Seen|....eocsseees seee{Rather rapid/From a Hyarey (Surrey). through clouds flight for so} almost to the which obscured large a me-} horizon. Sirius. teor. 3}10 30 p.m.|Southgate Road|= 5 Ursce Majoris..|:..scsssssseeveres (London). t | ee reeeeeeensetnee fila. asthe | ~ _ e ») . . In Ursa Major. — A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 33 Direction; noting also Appearance; Train, ifany,| Length of | whether Horizontal, : and its Duration. , Path. Perpendicular, or Remarks, Observer. | Inclined. Sevsececceeectecescccssssccecaes[ecvansccseneerleacecssueseeaueres seagyditiddal steeedyevns BH eee nese H. Hussey. To left from perpen- dicular. Slightly pear-shaped; di-/30° ......... Perpendicularly down...|-++++++ee+sseeeeseeeseseuseans A. S. Herschel. minished to a red spark. Left no train. Rise cnc oi coc lacs estnacescdlancseccsesdesescsascvcsescenes{OlOMOY 740 MOON spor LG esembled the meteor Ofl........ceccoselsrssssereccerecceccscesensencslersseees Niaxppacananctenet aad W.G. Drysdale. December 5, but not so ; large. O train OF Sparks .........|...ccceccsesces[eeeeereeeeesceeesenssoeessness lear sky scsccestck esse ,..-|A. S. Herschel. ueft a ruddy train for 1)............ eB vin Lprrer ree ts padedbl besaeus Gimeskh oe 0ekat ayuetiees W. H. Wood. second, 10° in length. Coereee rete eee reer rere sheassiG? fdeess sees Vertically GOWN): caves chal gedSdns00esshpeibvsavidereaewel lle SP amen eee eterenreeeeeseeeeeeeeetlsanenes cognecontaeee peeeneeee Peeeeeeeneeeseens Zodiacal light in the W. Id. 3 since the Ist of Jan. 0 train or sparks .........]. eoneeugieveccs|swcedencnsae COED ree Racy Hoep eee roca eon Cony sce A. S. Herschel. o train or sparks ......... (Aohetens, Wee ape Fell vertically ............|+ ceadevevesee Sadpenceesaeayea Id. secsecssesecnecteasssseseseeeses|ssceeceesesaeee(One or two degrees from|Nothing but a pale halo|F. C. Penrose ; perpendicular. Towards} could be seen at the} communicated 3K a Hydree. the right, down. place of Sirius. by J. N. Lock- yer. Horizon. and turned|........ “eccoog Seecsssn papeeane Speeetacce An uncommon appear-|Communicated ‘round, with subdued ance. by T. Crump- len. ‘light, as if to revolve round 6 Ursx Majoris. .|L°8 second 34 REPORT—1864. Date.| Hour. Pe ee Apparent Size. Colour. 1864.) h m Feb. 5) 7 55 p.m.)/Hawkhurst =2nd mag.x ......|White . ....... (Kent). 5) 8 49 p.m. Weston - super -)= 1st mag.x......... Dull blue...... Mare. 5) 9 23 p.m.|Ibid......... eeoeee| =OFd MAQ-....0000-/Dull ........000 6| 7 5 p.m.|/Hawkhurst = |=drdmag.x ......|White ......... (Kent). 6| 7 27 p.m.| Weston - super -|/>Ist mag.* ...... Mare. 6) 7 41 p.m|.Hawkhurst =drd mag.x ...... (Kent). 6| 7 50 p.m.|Ibid ..........+6.../= Ist mag.x - .4....| White ......08. 6} 8 46 p.m./Weston - super -|= Mare. 7| 6 10 p.m.|Liverpool....,..../Large meteor ...... 811 12 p.m.) Hawkhurst =2nd mag.x ....../Yellow......... (Kent). 8/11 16 p.m.|Ibid ...,...........;= 2nd mag.* ...... S11 19 pam. [Ibid ....s0es0s00500{= 20d MAL .s000o] WHILE sarsconee 9} 9 4 p.m.|[Did ...cecccseeeee| = 20d MAG sree. Duration. 0°8 second 2°5 seconds ... eeneee 0:5 second ... 2°5 seconds .. .|From 1° Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. .../From « Orionis ... joris, one-foui | of the course to- wards M. Came-i} lopardali. From w Arietis to Piscium. . {From @ to @ An-l) dromedez and 2 as far beyond. S. of ¢ to ¢ midwaj Ari- Tri Aurigze point between a etis and 6 angulz. .|From 8 Canis M eT eee ee ee eee eeeeS CeCe eee ere 0°6 second ... 0°6 second ... 0°8 second 0°6 second ... noris to 8 Canis) Majoris. Commenced near aj) Cephei. In the N.W. sky- From @ to 6 Orionis)) From d Telescop to . Geminorum,) .../From w to # A -| dromedz. ; Irom u_ Lyneis, halfway to ff Urs Majoris. Appearance ; Train, if any, and its Duration. No train or sparks ......... Became extinct at the middle of its course and suddenly rekindled. SOONER RRO eee eeH ee wees eEeeeeeEees No train or sparks ......... Seem eee eee eee teree faeces eeeee No train or sparks ......... No train or sparks ......... Left a momentary train in three-fourths of its course, of ruddy co- lour. Resembled the meteor of December 5, but not so large. No train or sparks ........ No train or sparks ......... A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 35 Direction ; noting also Length of | whether Horizontal Path. Perpendicular, or : Le Observer. Inclined. Shas Steansesead Vertically down ....+4.../ peck con ea Weipa’ was Saas bye A. S. Herschel. RE MUACE eg. c| Oe sessseeceeeeeeseseeseesees/On the 4th of February,|W. H. Wood. at 6" 45™ p.m., zo- diacal light as bright as Via Lactea Sagit- tarii; apex at 7 Arietis ; south edge as sharply defined as an auroral strea- . mer; north edge diffuse. Fluctua- tions in light and tint from atmospheri- cal causes. Mdveasaesccchs|saviasee SadslhswakentaWets MORMIANocae sess siveceacenaceee soe. (Ld. “onocdesecenco Her cacceeee ceconeercraopnedios ear Rove sedcsseecessos|Au Se Herschel. Fauads gee came lecre Moved caouWespoas dutusseea| sie eeecatnna Svepeguphtes aaa] Wedblep WOO wea een eee Sensgcbeserseenedncdess [etre Sener eee A. 8, Herschel. Maids pasceoras|ZOdtaeall Mr liglity Wiverylpeead cs cseuenives -s(InChNe Mic. ,: jaswocestssacsdlesaePicayssstaecauocsnaes ares Communicated f by W. H. Wood. PR BBALES OC LLOINS,........|......csseeeeee|oeaces sess A cca'fsocaducesasscc|voe soOGREEDs < copst bbe ates: A. S. Herschel. MemenonmumGpscored. by|15° or: 20°..|,......ssccheseoesssscoodaeses|n*esabvooscsecssccnanseoesthon E. ardcastle. clouds. Tailed. Inclined. pena" * SareD bees ys os trereeeeeeleceeeaes Piston se|scacccceccubscsececcecssevcses|acarabeesastavencssesnea sents A. S. Herschel. MOREL AUUTHIN . cisc0i0.0s|ases.0e0 Pesecws Directed from 10° above|Radiant-point between|R. P. Greg. Polaris. Polaris and Capella. po skehne sasvessecersasenap@ets Communicated urst with red sparks by R. P. Greg. W. Horizon. N. 38 REPORT—1864. Date Hour. Flngeet Apparent Size Colour. Duration ‘ ; Observation. PP : 5 1864.| h m Mar.24) 7 45 p.m./Euston Road |=Venus .........++- Ruddy ......... 3 seconds..... Observatory (London). _25,\Between 8 |Lymington Very large meteor..|Quite white .../Rapid ......... and 9 p.m.| (Hants). 29/10 47 p.m.|Hawkhurst =2nd mag.x ...+- White ......... 0°6 second ... (Kent). 29/10 57 p.m.|Ibid .........0000 =2nd mag.* ...... White ...++++-/1 second ....4 29/11 4 p.m.|[bid ..........000 =2nd mag.x «.....|White ........- 1 second ...... 29\11 12 p.m.|Ibid ..........00.. =8rd mag.* ...... Yellow ...... 0-5 second 29/11 18 p.m.|Ibid ............05 =3rd mag.% ...... Yellow ...++. 1 second 29/11 19 p.m.|Ibid .........0.0. ONO MHASH jaaneoe White ......... 0°5 second ... 29/11 37 p.m.|Ibid .......... .--+-|=3rd mag. ...../ White .........) 0°7 second ... Apr. 2| 8 5 p.m.|Weston - super -|=Ist mag.x ...... ENTS Be aaosee 2 seconds...... Mare. 10) 8 24 p.m.|Hawkhurst At first=1st mag.x,|At first white,/2°5 seconds .. (Kent). then=3rd mag.+| then red. 10) 8 45 p.m.|Ibid ..........00.. =Castor ...ceccccees WHITE: ccdeecces 13 second .. 10} 8 56 p.m.|Trafalgar Square) = 1st mag.%...ssccee|eeceeeseeeseeeesesleceseeansveeeecees (London). 10| 9 30 p.m.|Royal Observa--2>1st mag.* ...... Wellow j:..<:- About 2 secs. tory, Green- wich. 10! 9 30 p.m.|/Hawkhurst =Regulus ........./Brilliant white/4 secs.; very (Kent). slow. 10) 9 42 p.m.|IDbid .........0000e =Capella, brilliant|Orange yellow|0°8 second . 10)°9) 48: pam: (bith sc enccaecenses =2nd mag.x ....../Flame colour..|1°4 second .. ...{From @ Ursa Ma-| | ...|From 33 Cygni ... Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. .|From between «, 8 Ursz Majoris to between y, » Vir- ginis. Tailed, Left long _ streak. Vanished sud- denly with many] | sparks. From 3 Aurigz to 3 (d, d) Camelo-| pardali. a From a point 4 (4} | Draconis, y Urs Minoris) to al point 2 (« Ce- phei, Polaris). From Regulus to} } Preesepe Cancri. | | joris. From 33 Cygni ... From a point 3 (6} | Draconis, « Bootis),| | halfway towards | | Cygni. Three fourthsof the} | course from Pro-| | cyon to Sirius. | .|From X Canis Mi-|_ noris to a Mono- cerotis (Bode). .|From 4 (6 Aurigz, c Camelopardali)| — to 4 (4, B) Came-| | lopardali. From Arcturus to y} — Coron. From the zenith} — near a Urs Ma- joris to alt. 25°, a little left of} Cassiopeia. From 4 (¢ Camelo-} pardali, m Cus-} todis) to 2 (n, >) Persei. ..|From p across L to} i S Camelopardali| (Bode). | ‘ yl .|From 3 (¥, 6) Ursee) Majoris to } (ad Urs Majoris, Q Camelopardali). A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS, 39 Direction; noting also Appearance ; Train, if any,| Length of | whether Horizontal, : and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or Remarks. Observer. Inclined. Left no train .......sccseeesfeceeeeneneees sslccsesescseeseceeeeeseeeseeeeee/5@€D by several persons|T. Slater. From below Ursa Major/100°........./E.S.E. to W.N.W., as-|Threw. a strong light./A. P. Falconer. to above Orion. Passed cending. Surrounded by sparks. high above the Needles. «JA. 8, Herschel. No train or sparks .....6...J.sseeee Quscwsas|scadner Peseeeis Stadisaeteoaer te eoepsocccuenenns svesete Brushy appearance ...++-|eeececeeesssese|eeeeeererereees eae dsuesuncces doceegoescencescece seanenene sc Id. | ! | Brightest at last ......ssseeeJeseeeers deasasa| ieee Widdedosececvoscageonescus|ovcee fatessiacents wevenadee ».. (Id. Beebertcrecrsdenesacceocccoeseas 3°, .seoeeeeeee/ Towards y Ursee Majoris}......000...seseeeeeessrennee (Ld __ sro qno0uesDen COSTER EG CEE A. cMvcecces{TOwaTdS a Cypntosiiise|scccccssscesscccocstacecevsnrs|LGe Dee, eceaeca ccs scosccnrccsece: Rolf eee Towards e Oypnit ccs. sascasessccsnsecsactesrasenpes)I0ln RT cere, gspccessne|ssevevceccnesoalaesnaes seuudr ae vensiek gaucsees Cbauvcctaccesencessapnesance| tig aoe nes hosel ee Ul olevcigeaess ccoseasavereguacavslesceiesdecicdsdacedsdencdsese.| Welkls WOOUs Small in half of its course}25° ......... Directed from € Virginis|.c..seseccscssereesetenecnenes A. S. Herschel. Brightest at first, gradu-|8°............ Directed from y Virginis}......« davadddddusvescsace’ + lId. ally decreasing. eee iicaugetsbenn Directed from ¢ Virginis|..........0000+++ iaesunckotee T. Crumplen. BUMTG SEVEAKCs «ce cgcvcdeesesees 50° or 5d°..|Direction N. w..sesseeeee Corresponds to the fol-/W. C. Nash, C. lowing. Jones, C, P. Trapaud, Pear-shaped, leaving along|25° ...,.....|Directed from 7 Virginis|\Disappeared _ without|A, S, Herschel. change. Train visible faint train for half a in moonlight. second. rightest at middle of its|10° .........{Quite Crooked ssssereee|sceeeeeeeeseesseuaeessereeeres Id. | course, and deflected 20° or 30°. rushy appearance ...,..|.. seseseeseveee| Directed from Z Virginis!..,.c0...sssesceeeseees “pond Id, 40 REPORT—1864, puso Position, or ai , ; ‘afi. Altitude and Date.| Hour. Observation. Apparent Size. Colour Duration he ene 1864.) h m Apr. 10) 9 52 p.m.|Hawkhurst Regulus ......... White. ..:..s-05 15 second ,.. (Kent). _10) 9 56 p.m.|Ibid .............4 =dsrd mage ...... Flame colour..|1 second ...... 10}110 7 p.m.|Ibid.........ie..e. =Denebola ...... WHILE thin sacs. 1:7 second ... 10)10 54 p.m.|Ibid.............06 =2nd mag.x ...... Yellowish...... 1-2 second .. BU Oe4¥ acta MUDIG .sescessvasses =2nd mag.* ...... Flame colour..|1-5 second ... 7 Herculis. ; 11| 2 30 a.m.|Wolverhampton./> Ist mag.* ...... Bright white..|...... sedtsesczess From nearly over- Nearly= J. head _—_north- 11} 9 35 p.m./Tunbridge Wells|=1st mag.x ......|+«- Raseuens de=ave=|vacesetsMestasest IS sees. (Kent). 11/About 10 0/Prestwitch(Man-|=3rd mag.x cssssfecreeerserereesee-leceenneees teasenes p-m. chester). : 13) 0 58 am.|/Hawkhurst =2nd mag.x «..... White. .3:...... 1-1 second ... pM: (Kent). : y Virginis. : MS 4 Simvins| Ibid ...cerscceecccs =8rd mag. ...06 White. .%:..... 0°6 second .../To « Bootis, half-| TS eva9 ase lid ceecsee ee seco, =2nd mag. ...... Yellowish...... 0°8 second ... Herculis, and as| far beyond. M3) 2 ayma| [bid o..caareacsnee =Srd mag.® ssaees| White ......0 0-8 second ..,/From 7 Canium| Venat. to ce Come Beren. (Bode). Nol 2 LO asm, (LOId c...ecasecacace =3rd mag.x ...... Wikite.s.see.-. 0°5 second .../From & Lyncis...... 13))2)22) ‘aera. |Ubid)<.. so.cacs.ca0c| = ZUG A ve gsirt Yellow ......... 0°4 second ... 13] 2 48 a.m./Ibid ..........00... =2nd mag.* ...... Yellow ...... 0:7 second ... Visio. (0) ‘arar.|UDIds ccecesecescac =3rd mag.x ...... Yellow ...... 0-3 second ... 13} 3 4 a.m.|Ibid.............../=2nd mag.* ...... Yellow 4..... 0°5 second .. 13) 8 50 p.m,jLondon .........;=2nd mag.x ...... White ..:$...<: 1 second ...... 135|°9 23" pan Wb. ceb sees. vases =2nd mag.* ...... White irekseose 1 second ...... ; noris to H Dra- conis. 15) 2 9 am.|Hawkhurst. =Arcturus ....is0:3 Like Arcturus|2°3 seconds ...|From r Bootis,..... (Kent). U5 P2031 aah: |Ibidle ee eececeees =38rd mag.% ...... Whiten. ss5..; 1 second ...... From 7, two-thirds of the course to o Virginis. 1911 12 p.m.jIbid ............... =3rd mag.x ...... Wihite > s2.4:: ++.|0°8 second .../From N Camelo- pardali to o Urs Majoris. Bo) 0 17 B.ri.|fhid .ocsesee teres =2nd mag.x ...... White -.cdsac: 0-9 second ...|From 4 (g, ¢) Dra- conis to B Urse Minoris. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 41 Appearance ; Train, if any, and its Duration. Stellar. Disappeared sud- denly. Brushy appearance Brushy appearance Length of Path. 20° 20° seeeeeees Direction; noting also whether Horizontal, Perpendicular, or Inclined. Directed from ¢ Virginis Directed from 7 Virginis Directed from ¢ Virginis Remarks. seeeeee Reddish aura .......ss00. Slight aura ......ssecseses Observer. A. 8. Herschel. Id. Id. Brushy appearance ..,,..|20° .........|Directed from n Virginis|Aura about the nucleus|ld. rushy appearance ....,./15° .........,Directed from 0 Virginis|Slight aura .......++...4..|[d. eft a bricht train .........|Long flight |.,.......ccscescssccseceeceess seccetenconecescaeceoeses .-+».(Communicated & s mg by T. M. Sim- kiss. ‘aded away. Left a long/30° .,,....,./Shot diagonally ..ssssse.feseeese depisnsncerccedvaltasnie POpee luminous streak. NO train OF SPALKS .....0.,.|.cssssessseecce|sceussteesccceesessccssenenbas| eerereeenerssseeseseesseceans R. P. Greg. eft a train for 1 second...|30° ......... Directed from cHerculis|4 fine shooting-star ...|A. S. Herschel. Btellar nucleus. Bright...|6°............|.ccssccssssssccssscecessseccna| feecseereeereceneeees steeeees Id. Stellar nucleus. Bright...|15° .........]-+eee sececabersccccusanesscas|sseeesececeteaneees seseeeeaees Id. Srushy appearance ......|20° sess... Directed from o Herculis|Long and rapid ......... Id. A train or sparks ,........|.. cecseseses,..(Directed from 6 Herculis}...... ecco bissasccnees Id. 3rushy appearance ....../15° ...,.....{Directed from 3 Herculis|Very rapid ......200...+++ Id. Bright nucleus .........+--/10° os... Directed fromM Herculis|+++++++++++++ee+er-sereeeeeeeel I. LASS Eee eee 5°. ..ssessee.| Directed from p Herculis}-++++++++0+++e+reerrsenrereeeeild. right nucleus baat A et 15° ...,.....|DirectedfromK Herculis)Rapid ..,.........+++1s0.. Td. train or sparks .........|...000.0. aR eect SI, aN eb pJovecvessssceveseccsseeeceeveee(L Crumplen. Yo train or sparks ...... Ss sasha hs gees berconeanea meshataedsiece see vachasuererseesssstesl LCs itellar nucleus. Bright... fine shooting-star ; left along train for 1 second. SERENE E Oe eee ee eeinenesaareceses 6°....00......,Directed from 6 Virginis|Slow, foreshortened ap-|A. S. Herschel. 20° CCC Peeee seeeeeeee feeeee pearance. avevees Rpaedlccdaccvaccsecsees|aceaseboeciensasasesciscermapa|t Ce Directed from # Lyre...|---.+- Paccsentessccasecubatiere Id. ‘Directed from a Lyra...Jsers-+sercereereerseeeerenes Bice | 42 REPORT—1864. | i Pageant 2 ; Position, or | Date.| Hour. Ghaeieaon, Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. ee 1864.;h m s . Apr. 20} 0 40 a.m./Hawkhurst = Ist mag.x......00 Orange yellow 0°8 second .../From 3 («, 8) Her | (Kent). culis to 4 Ophiuchi, y el culis). i 20} 0 53 a.m.|IbId ....00...000 =Kshmage 2.07 White ........./0°7 second ....To y from } (3, ®)) Draconis. { 20) 0 59 a.m.|[bid .........606 +..|=2nd mag.x ....../Yellow ...... 0:7 second .../To 4 (8, x) Bootis,} } halfway from my Herculis. | 20| 1 28 am./Wolverhampton |=3rd mag.* ..... Bliie Wivesadeas| sae cscs sveneesar From y Ursee Mi-+|| noris to 40 Dra- conis. 20| 1 57 a.m. Hawkhurst =2nd mag. ..... Yellow ...... 0°9 second .../From X to 3 Ophi- (Kent). uchi. 20) 2 25 am.|Ibid...... ssevseses|— 2nd Mage \vsse Yellow ....../0°7 second ...|From 1° above a Lyre to zm Lyre. | 20225 VSO VM WEDIG pe scssceene =Ist mag.x .....-/Yellow ...... 0°8 second ... abi 4 (n, 3) to 2 a a.m. (y ) Cygni. i) 20) 2 29°30 |Ibid...............j=2nd mag.* %.... Yellow ...+0 0-9 second .../From 2 (« Lyre) a.m. L Herculis), half-| way to d Dra-) conis. 20) 2 40 30 |Tbid! <..ncsseccesens >Ist mag.* ..... White ........./0°9 second ....To « Equulei, half- a.m. Nearly = 2. way from @ Del- phini. 20| 2 40 a.m.|Trafalgar Square|>Ist mag.* ....../Bright blue...|? second __.../Disappeared at alti- (London). Nearly= }. tude 5°, 22° W. of magnetic S. 20) 2 55 30 |Hawkhurst =drd mag.x ......[Dull,..........- 0°6 second ...|Fell vertically to at a.m. (Kent). Delphini. | | 20} 3 30 a.m.|Wolverhampton |= 2% eerceese-sereeeeee Golden red. ...]....siescsceees .../From overhead to- | wards the east horizon. | 20/10 46 p.m./ Hawkhurst SPP TTL TS Senora Yellow......... 0°6 second ...\From 3 (1, «) Dra i (Kent). conis to » Ursa} Minoris. 20)10 55 p.m.|Ibid .......ee.0004./=18t mag.-x ,,..../Yellow, at last|1'2 second ...|From } ( Bootis,| orange. « Draconis) to a} Bootis and 4°} beyond. } 20/11 26 p.m.|Ibid ........0..0.. =8rd mag.* ....../White ......... 1 second ....../From 7 Herculis to} ¢ Corone. ZOE SO pane Lbidcewes sense ss ee =3rd mag.x ....../)White ses... l second ...... On a line from a Draconis to 4] (O, N) Camelo- pardali. Centre midway. 20/11 40 p.m.|[bid .........000 ..,=drd mag.x ......| White ........./0°9 second .../From 3 (n, 0), half- way to ¢ Her-| culis. 21/11 20 p.m./Wolverhampton |> 2 ...seesseseeees Silvery blue.../Very rapid ...|From overhead, de-| 25 11 30 p.m./Nuneaton Bee) Baa (Coventry). ..|Pale blue 4 seconds ; very slow. scended to the} ’ west horizon. | From 6 to 7 Vir-} ginis. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS, isappeared at greatest brightness, leaving a white train at the spot for 4 seconds. hrew off some dull sparks at disappear- ance. Left a train 5° long. ‘o train or sparks ......... eft a train for 1 second.. train or sparks ......... 0 train or sparks ......... Well-defined disk. Left no train. Direction ; noting also seeseeseveeeees/ Directed from Lyra Piped ee eee eee eee eee eee Teer eee) _, jot 15™ a.m.; began. Festsqesshusvadcesesenescs.se.{COMUNNIPAtEE 43 ppearance; Train, if any,| Length of | whether Horizontal and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or ; Remarks. Observer. Inclined. BRR eet PPEy Le vucreces|seeceuseaseeess|(DIZCCLED 100M @ LiVT.,.|ccssesecceccsecsactetateesss: A. S. Ierschel. eft a white train for 1)..,........ ».--/Directed from a Lyra...|.sesesceseeeseeeneersseeneees [Le second. DMR erenesbeccsnceteensceccccecucie Racceen sevseee/Directed from Lyra ...Jsccccseeeeeesussenserees Raseeinde eft a faint thin train...... Pears Coe case we etna Ed tis ootge DIMEN USS, Be oe ate dttece erg ae cede tes Ms) SURKISB: POOR e eee eee tees t OH eae ees tees eeesesees Directed from Lyra peel TAO emer eee eee er eee eee eeeeasens A. Ss. Herschel. ery bright. Stellar|sscsesesever sss Directed from Lyra_...|No train or sparks ......|Id. nucleus. fassive (compact) ap-|........s.e.0e Directed from Lyra_...|No train or sparks ......|Id. pearance. ine in light and colour...|.........0.06++ Directed from Lyra ...|No train or sparks ...... Id. _,.|Corresponds to Trafalgar|[d. Square, 2" 40™ a.m. ~ _[sddeastoosudseeseleeeessqinsesf > Crunaplen, dawn/A. S. Herschel. by T. M. Sim- kiss. SEE EATER c etait ee Bdaccan nuendo tanconitne sesiecn A. S. Herschel. Botaavicks Seales Directed from Lyra ...|Last 4° of the coursejId. considerably deflected towards Ursa Major. Peer eee eeeearir ee Peet eeeeeee SRO e meee ee eee eee ee eeeeee POCO eee eee eet eee Id. MOD) connaansa|avacandsaestarsnee coveee Seftecneshideaetivorarnaeken |e Cle sal cduadaanians lcbadeaceneueiale et tean sate ee se ne Srerponeaeeneer scone ce Le seeneeeee Ot eeelseeseenee Bene newer eeeaseneeene a|ecovcsccccscsccsescscesscereee/ cOMMuUnicated by T. M. Sim- kiss. stecccevccccesccoeseccccsceess(Le M, Simkiss. 44, Date. 1864. June 6 i=) 10 —— h 9 11 REPORT—1864, Place of ; : Position, or Hour. onservation. Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. Tithe m Apr. 29) 8 46 p.m.|Hawkhurst =Arcturus ........./Like Arcturus|2 seconds...... From 6 Urse Mi (Kent). noris to Polaris, and 2 as fat} beyond. 20 pars Ubi. sesveeesest =3rd mag.¥ ...... White ssh o.s005 0:9 second .../Centre « Bootis ..1/ 58 _pim.|[bid ........0008-ts =2nd mag.* ......|Yellow......+6- 1 second ...... From o Draconis to] 3.(p Draconis, Cephei). 28 p.m./Puycharnand {|3> Venus ......... Brilliant white|24 secs.; slow\From Z Draconis to! (France). a Cephei. 24 p.m.|Greenwich ...... =2ndmag.* ...... White ..i...... 0°5 second .../Saw about 8° path of a meteor in N., altitude « Cygni;! azimuth 10° W i of that star. 0 p.m./Montauban(Tou-|> fullmoon ...... White sst....0. 3 to 5 seconds/From Leo, passin louse, France). east of Sat and Spica to few degrees bee] A oe low Jupiter. 0 p.m.|Weston - super -|Large Meteor ......].......ceeeeeeeeee 2 or 3 seconds|Descended _ from Mare. : altitude 45° due N. H 45 p.m.|Hawkhurst =O MYNCe els seoeeenae WHIte vaste essen Slow motion.../Between Auri (Kent). and Gemini. 1 p.m.|Hay (S. Wales)../3 or 4 > 4 ...... White, like 2}|......csseserseess Blazed out 3 or of the distance from Jupiter t Spica. 48 p.m.|Paris (France).../6 > Venus ......... Necleus; g tially|ssrscevedecees ares From between Co- and frag- rona and the feet ments white. of Hercules to between Perse and Capella. 4 p.m.|Wolverhampton |=2nd mag. ...... IBIDISH scdsensee 2 seconds...... ee 0 Cygni to ¢ ersei. 10 a.m,|Ibid ..........ceee-} = 1st Mage. veces White .......... 2 seconds...... From —_ overhead halfway to th Rei arte . N.E. horizon. 17 (aD, cacscescvemas:s =2nd mag.* ...... White ..:...+.. 2 second ....../From r Virginis to the horizon. 5G. carmel bidlyeeseeeest overs = Ongumapie eer Pale blue ...... 2 seconds...... From ¢ Cassio- peie to ¢é Aue prapene Bi rige. 0 p.m.|St. Heliers Quarter diameter|Yellow......... Slow motion...|In the 8.E., at a pala (Jersey). of the moon. altitude of abou s lee 20°. | 0 p.m.|Bagshot(Surrey)|Large meteor ...... Ruddy .:cs.:-:- Almost mo-|In the S.E. sky, oe mentary. altitude about 30°. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 45 Direction ; noting also ppearance; Train, if any,| Length of | whether Horizontal, and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or Inclined. Remarks. Observer. ——— ea — ° © train or sparks ..,...60-|30° sescoesee|eccsseasees Reasags movegetetees A. 8. Herschel. Interrupted view, cloudy sky. o train or sparks ...... ponlfitaeacepesonss Directed towards p Bootis. 0 train or sparks .........|. ed ecscgesocoslensecessees povcesenee sedcevecelenss Vpeabeteegeds bb ecevncceens ickered like a candle-|..,,.,ccosesces|ecesseesscceeserssseeeseeseeee(Diffused considerable flame, and disappeared light. with two flashes, EVCAK ysssersseeessenersrsevee|O eeeeegeesece|enrsrererennaneaasssssseseeceeleescne Spc sebace con ecny as a Cygni. * See Appendix (No. III.)|‘ Comptes Ren- (Meteorites of Or-| dus.’ gueil). ailed meteor. Burst With]..+.....e.....[sceeeeeees Reaeudesceceavarsns a cloud of sparks, leaving a white streak for 15 or 30 minutes by different accounts. globe and conical tail Of|.......s..+06+ ccoccccecceescececsceecseoseee (IN FUll SUNSHINE ..,...000 light. Went out with a scat- t first a minute falling/15° .,,......|Quite vertically down... tering of sparks. star; suddenly blazed out on a level with Jupiter, and falling 4° or 5°, attained three or four times his brightness. ircular, with compact|100°..,,,,,..Jeseererersrereecessesseeees conical tail. Broke into three fragments, which advanced 3° or 4° before they disap- peared. TRUM MPSIIOTE ELAN $ NO|ecrccecqecesscs|ucscccsraceresescsccsaccncsncnleccoussutsenscsovsecrevarspee: ~ sparks. a long train .,........../seeee sgevaeens| see scoresegescencccccescessece|ense Bereoccepecce Sener sat=ns Diffused a considerable light ; left no streak. T. M. Simkiss. Communicated by T. M. Sim- kiss. T. M. Simkiss. ea globe of light .,,...|.+++++++seeee«-|/Downwards from. right}.......,, to left. Very little inclined from hori- ; zontal. iroke into sparks before|20° or 30°../From left to right, in- "disappearing, clining downwards. a ee a see 46 Date. Hour. 1864.| h m June30)10 52 p.m. July 4) 9 57 p.m. 4)A few mi- nutes be- forel0 p.m. 4/10 0O p.m. 5; 0 30 am. p-m. p.m. a.m. p.m. p.m. and a.m. p-m. p.m. a.m.) Place of REPORT—1864. Obseevation. Apparent Size. Colour. Wolverhampton |=3rd mag.x ...... Pale blue ...... Ebidierersssse ses ...|Half diameter of Greenishwhite! Bettws-y-Coed, R. Conway (N. Wales). Greenwich Fairseat, Wrotham (Sevenoaks). Hawkhurst (Kent). Wolverhampton |=3rd mag.x . PDiGreccssetvss cress = 2nd mag.x Beeston Obser-|Large meteor vatory. 2% miles N.W./3 > 2 from Wolver- hampton. Peteee the moon. =12-inch globe at 200 yards. == WNDILEE: sanassanaen Ilalf the size of a full moon at the same altitude. =2nd mage we. eee eeneee seeeee Peet eneeeees Wolverhampton |Two meteors =2nd Ibid. ...cccccceoeres Ibid... seseseeeeeees/ = LSt Mag. seen seeeeeeeeee serene seveeees[>>2NG MAgek vives Livid white ., Bluish white... Bright golden A few seconds First seen in S. E., colour. sian Duration. 14 second About 4 secs. ; deliberate speed. -|Slow ; 5 or 6 seconds. 2 seconds ...|From £8 Ophiuchi Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. to y Herculis. Disappeared above) Jupiter, near fj) Libre. Appeared to be at the head of Conway}} valley, due S. reve e Urs Ma joris to a poin below Spica Vi ginis. at altitude abou 10°. . Bright white .. far eeenee see eeewes 1-3 second 1 second 1 second Slow motion... or 6 secs. ; very slow motion. 5 Orange and blue. Intense whitel........ colour, Red seeeeeeees oes {Bright OFaNge|....sccossesees ...|Erom t Herculis, halfway to Lyre. [From « Pegasi (6 Aquarii. From « to y Ursa Majoris. Due N., alt. 50°; rose upwards. From S.W., alt. 35°) to N.N. W. +» al” 35°. From 3 Cygni to « Draconis. “| From S.W., alt. 30% to N.W., altitudel) 30°. ..|From ¢ Urse Ma- joris to Arcturus. From & Cygni to a Draconis. § : | | A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 47 Direction; noting also \ppearance; Train, if any,| Length of | whether Horizontal, : and its Duration, Path. Perpendicular, or Remarks. Observer. Inclined. SM GCIMGHIMETAIN. ce )| oo ccsehscencalnes«oncdbberonevecs un cmceks Salt nee cuvsblerseaiderred el seon| Le ML. SimMKISs he head flaming, with al,..............| Directed from Polaris...|No other meteors above|Communicated long sparkling tail. 5th magnitude ob-| by T. M. Sim- served on the same) kiss. night. ail twenty times longer'...,,.......... From left to right, about}.........6. srecsqucastdverteve(ble ELOLGAY. than the head. Outline 30° from horizontal, of the meteor uncertain, downwards. and moving, close to the tail. Left a dusk-ashy streak across the sky for some little time. PRIBIREEMUN SECONG .chowsf20° tO. 30% e|.aenneroebercsneercrenceseane Partially cloudy ; meteor W. C. Nash. seen this side of the ig clouds. brilliant ball of fire, the|............... S.W. to N.E., or nearly|No tail and no train of Communicated light of which exceeded S. to N., with a de-| sparks that could be| byW. E. Hick- that of a full moon. cided dip. observed, but any} son. Vanished suddenly. track it may have left Collapsed like a soap- was hidden by trees. bubble. SRMATIMMCIEUSe! (NO SEAM). ccuse' desc nnccsiecescRiaereoseses ror Full moon, no other/A. S. Herschel. left. meteor in 30 minutes. eft a long thin train......)... Wesceeascees |e estes eee Stacetic eancarenonaliactacniverbaersses secsveeeeee{ Le M. Simkiss. GAO LALL NS esceneoseeseue|ivae Be Sreacmnanlp CU ACS CDEP EREE embsledeen bbl onase = desteus bap apistame tbe yaa | Lds SPIRITS NO WEL GOL isc. c0 doc oass+|e ems aveconde ses scedetesdassavs| contgesunesvessarnecdubaes ..../Miss Wilkinson. sparks ; left a train. ft a firm, distinct, un-|....,.........,Horizontal ; left to right/Giving time for remarks|J. Mayfield. changing train of mode- rate length. SR MERMO NIRS, vicajnnraid| Seasity shi vinehGba| ee Abiabt enn nace anos adem ewedel toasts aoedtivebeeewanhpadee ces T. M. Simkiss. ing feathery train .++.,.}....s.+++eeees.{Eorizontal ; left to right!.......ssssceseeeeees tithe wes T. M. Simkiss. Id. RIGMEEDALHOUY ELAN oss cseexicenaslsccesicsct Uescesensueesaussdss|ss0Wtsssows-seeecuosvaasehwad SUMAGUEAMI. cUsnvceau-|tesoue#-hcneses|I1st mag.x Mare. p.M.|[bid ......+++..00.- p-m.|Lbid ......+0seee.e = Sirius Hoc Ueepererecer nore Mare. > Ist mag.* =2nd mag.x p-m.| Beeston Observa- tory (Notting- ham). Large meteor Apparent Size. eee eee neeee seeee Pree yy) Cee seeeee seeee-|Pale yellow ... Position, or Altitude and Azimuth, Colour. Duration. Sicowawae eaten heese od ...|From % Aquile to Serpentis. Not less than|From e Serpentis| 4 seconds. to x Urse Ma joris. From « to e Pegasi Lessthan 1 sec.|FromBAndromedz curved towards a} | Andromede, and disappeared nea! y Pegasi. ../From « Lyre to & Draconis. .../From A Aquile .. ..|From a Herculis to A Serpentis. | From direction o a lyre, passed} across § Draco- nis to @ Draco- nis. i] From the directior of « Andromedz passed _ rapid across Cygnu and disappeared|| near 6 Cygni. |} A meteor appeared|} nearVulpecula, and}, disappeared almost immediately with}} scarcely any per-|)) ceptible path; a} flash only. 4 From a point nea ¢ Cygni across Aquilz and abo 15° beyond thai star. ..|From e Urse joris to Cor Ca roli. { From « Aquilz to d) Ophiuchi. Brilliant blue |1 second 4 second 4 second Rapid ;_ less than 1 see. Rapid motion Momentary ... Pee enone Very rapid motion. weer ereee ..{2 seconds...... ...|From o to x Urs Majoris. From «¢ Pegasi to Aquilz. 2 secs.; slow|From ¢ to « Pegas motion. 4second ...... 3 second 1 second | From z to A Sagit | tari. Moved from N.E to S.W., across the zenith. Colourless ... A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 49 | Direction; noting also Appearance; Train,if any, Length of | whether Horizontal, and its Duration. | Path. Perpendicular, or Remarks. Observer. Inclined. No train left . Ae at adawsedesec nad] ae in Reid oie pisiais da camaeymattaane| Cuan cuateaeem merce sthe hen oot T. M. Simkiss. SOOT MTERINMEE ooo vc cn cc sov'ck aia] temas euitta xo ven nn cs on Sesebh del Leaadeecs coadteebguebecs uses Communicated by T. M. Sim- kiss. eee Redesitessdechawes PSR pati kdeolnes onareeee socs sa aamadoumechelwact tcasacseoese sey ccbuoltahee W. H. Wood. 0 $YAIN” <.0.0....0 Becckaedeslescsensaenicess PAtidro= VeANAros |lccasueserecererssschacsectees W. C. Nash. mede. mede. io * y Pegasi. SERIE MARIUS ce. cka lace ss aces ic vse=| ube eeNRT mS: aos vaca: fd Maagits Seah daees corey owase ogee W. H. Wood ania aoa Mae Nccdassecccces\LO° sdescaces Fell pe endicularly cdulatv nihawae aun sascha aka beeen ae PELE eft a red train for 2).....cccccsssel eee LTR EEN ECE TY: Bi ta. seconds. SUEEMEEMN snc enscvesaccensi|scossasenseses+|,...gnonevencassdenesenctessee|steraeessocsscnsedeceoesseseee W. C. Nash. Miiaesbes ict deve oscscceseses Bo eeeseneitcesien “ae. Bah code tee ers az [toasts Conbbadea suena caeut hea Id. MM ree at aGsSoeassssesceses iE TPO EG eas SOR ac a PAE Selo de dnacsacecentina see Id. SEIMEI MMe ecieevecdncecssce«:|40> sesscosessc, ccccecces Rabe o sOAL ble Re ocavasateaabicteetes Seles tail for 2 seconds......|.cossseesseseee SR eee er creer Fer on tee savevcences ...|W. H. Wood. DHA .....0cccessves|scee Cd eens PreTTTI TTT eet Svieclececcavceccoccescacceecteedess T. M. Simkiss fo train left ......... avatdeleeicusscy 23s ail Seece casa See npeet yy PEEEC ot ROCEEPEER RTT cos Seren Id. a white train ......... CECE EEPCEE Bane: RE ee eee SCPE ert W.H. Wood a white train ....0....|.ceceeees adeennl eoseee at teesacocaveccene Sa cee desssvinecuscedeporeetetd Td. MEMWaseeccwedesescscecsacesesls Seeeaed bccndec|senvsencaccusee:ercomeerantnya| cess dovacsvesscivensentereanes Id. CTC ae Peteateca ey an seat: ae aadtesialte SiAsnnadeseeanaen sesseeeeeee| Miss Wilkinson. 50 REPORT—1864. Date Hour en Apparent Size Colour Duration. q Observation. PP a : 1864.| h m Aug. 2)10 55 p.m./Wolverhampton |=2nd mag.* «..... Orange....++.+. % second 2\11 25 p.m./Greenwich ...... =Ist mag.*..s...005 Blue" eseseat ites Rataensnensaes 2111.27 andiIbid ...:;...ss8005 Small meteors...... IUCr ccceress Rapid motion.. 11 29 p.m.) 3| 8 30 p.m. Cherbourg Large fireball ...... Yellowish ...|Very slow mo- (France). tion, 4/10 10 p.~ |day (S. Wales)..|=1st mage ....../Whitish ......J.cc.ceeeceeeeeeees 4/10 17 p.m.|Ibid «0... .....0000 SV SHMAGH \ weverelassusvsosssboccese|sossscseecnstenns 4|10 22 p.m./Wolverhampton |>2nd mag. ...... White: vi; 2nd mag.+ ...... White: itwsec: 2 seconds... ..|From 3 Cassiopeiz Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. to e Persei. To y Draconis Two small meteors seen beneath Ursa Major. few degrees|_ above the south) horizon. 4 A y, B Draconis. From e Cygni to mj Scutum Sobieski Arcturus. Passed above the} tail-stars of Ursa Major to « Bo- otis. across Borealis. From « Cygni to}| Head of Draco. |/ From $ (8, n) Pes gasi nearly to 4], Pegasi. From 4 (8, 4) Pegasi, _nearly}) to a Pegasi, ins clining towards} y Pegasi. From « Aquile n Serpentis. Radiant near thi Pleiades. , ..(From @ Ceti to-|| wards the south}} horizon. i} From y Urse Ma- joris to 12 Com Berenices. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 51 Appearance ; Train, if any, and its Duration. Conical; increased as it descended. Burst with a shower of sparks. Left a transient streak, brightest and broadest in the middle. Left a train No train or sparks .........|+ Fine train; lasted one second after meteor’s disappearance. Brightest at middle of its Left a long sparkling train}. train or sparks .........|- No train or sparks .........]- Direction; noting also Length of | whether Horizontal, Path. Perpendicular, or Inclined. Remarks. Observer. Prorgcrt Nth .«+4|No observed uniformity|A great number of small/T. M, Simkiss. of direction. meteors all night. Directed from B Pe- W. C. Nash. gasi. Short paths Inclination Id. From W.S.W. to E.N.E.|‘ Galignani.’ T. W. Webb. the following Id. branch of the Milky Way. sesuesabissaepe|soncicserodsaasensesssuspducee T. M. Simkiss. Directed from « Dra- W. C. Nash. T. W. Webb. W. C. Nash. Communicated by A. S. Her- schel., Id. Id. ais rambavessnel Sedevcasanherscsentcncnessanesta<® Herter ee eweneesasencenenes T. M. Simkiss. ssoeeeeseseeses/General direction seeeeeeenserseoees se+-|W. H. Wood. wards 6 Tauri. sence saadeccsleccsvetecsvceecvensenssecees|*soeeseeessssssttesssssersreee/ Ty M, SIMKISS, sae ee eeeeere Steet leew sent ete Pereweeeeeceeererees|eeeese sere POO SReoceesoorceoooes Id. 52 REPORT—1864. Date. Hour. 1864./h m Aug. 6| 9 12 p.m. 6) 9 22 610 18 610 20 p.m. 6)10 21 f=r) 7,0 15 7| 0 18 p-m. pm. p-m. 611 4 p.m. 611 6 p.m. 6/11 15 p.m. 611 19 p.m. 11 33 p.m. a.m. a.m. Place of Observation. Hawkhurst (Kent). Stanstead,Seven- oaks (Kent). Fairseat, Luxembourg, Paris. Hawkhurst _ (Kent). Ibid ... aa Ee vecceees Tbid. ves scvccceee Ibid IDG esenveesrr rece Greenwich Wro- tham (Kent). se eeeerenteeee Apparent Size. Colour. SBI MAB coeses|nacserreesesrerses =3rd mag.* White on first appearance ; but the two bodies into which it di- vided red and blue. Somewhat smaller than full moon. A small disk, but as bright as the moon. Dazzling light blue. Fireball, 14-3 > |White, then Venus. blue, at length green. ONMIA OTE fessiac access svesvenee ae DIVE) seve mane] NRULLDE Deine soot mee MAG. seeeeslececereeee eccecees Fos/— SEO MAPK enswes| osasoeseueeeeeysrt = ONG Wd pe Mena ses| ene sserens ster: =2nd MAG woes]... cceveesereeren =2nd mag.x ...... Blue ..... ane Duration. seeeeeneecoee eeeee seer eceerereeses About half a minute. eee ewer eee eeeenees Nearly 1 sec... Slow; 14 sec. eee eens Almost mo- mentary. Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. to 4 (6 Pegasi, a} Andromedz). First seen in the} eastern part of| the heavens, at In the eastern sky; from altitude 60°) to altitude 15°. | From between 7 and} B Persei (near y Persei), to the] horizon, N.W. | siopeiz to below) 6 Pegasi. Two or three de- grees above and left of » Aquarii. From 2° east off’ Polaris towards Capella. From 4 (@ An} dromede, 6 Pe gasi) to } (al Andromede, y Pegasi). On a line from y Draconis to @ Ophiuchi, nearly the whole way. From (a, y Pegasi)| ' to 2° above Aquarii. From 6 Aquile to- wards the south horizon. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 53 Direction ; noting also Appearance; Train, if any,| Length of | whether Horizontal, Berane Observer and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or Inclined. . No train OF Sparks ......00s|eeesseseneeeeesleneees Pavaivesssses< on teuwe Se lontede sossccsceveseseeseeeees(Communicated by A. S. Her- schel., No train or sparks ......+++|.. sisemeeat Ce ei 5 Seen e os lnuaas baceuccaea ges be caper? Id. A bright white ovall...............From S. to N., with an/Attracted much atten-)/W. Nunn. ball, much larger than inclination towards| tion about Wrotham Jupiter, which sepa- the earth. from its brilliancy. rated into two flam- beaux of red and blue. Both suddenly va- nished, one a little before the other. The disk was small but)...............|Almost perpendicular ;|-+ss+sesssessessseeeeeesseeeee] We E, Hickson. very brilliant, and va- éhus— nished suddenly in mid- air. Began as a first magni-/25° ......... SLB GOUNG Wes, scseeeree ...{Centre of the visible|G. Chapelas, and tude star. Disappear- path 40° E. for N.,| Coulvier- ed when two or three| altitude 20°. Gravier. times the brightness of, Venus. MERETEETAUT eee ccccccccsees secseceeeseeess(On a line from B Came-|.c+ssreseseeeeeees seeeeeeeeee-|COMMunicated lopardi to a Pegasi. | , by A. S. Her- schel. Star-like. Disappeared /Almost sta- Fell slightly south. east-|.....--.+ssssseessseeeeereee (Id. suddenly at brightest. tionary. wards. Increased until disappear-|i.i.c.0.....cce| icc veveecsscscseeeceeeoes 5 CCORRE RSS cee ee encenatenne Id. ance, No train or sparks ......... Moddactesascases Directed from @ Cygni.,|.....-sscesessesseeseereoseee (Ld. No train or sparks .........|........ ess Alondeungindslene Se ce taeernd sa erencetccadsrcacsessnsenscepee| LCs No train or sparks ........-)........00- Deda | Watceadeasadsancaeacestoderee: | essceaananaenks waasseeave Py i : EMRE UCBITL fonexececs(LD° cccvcoace|vecccsscoccdacoaccecsees banat core sdccencecteiteteeees pou We GuuNash. ‘ 54 Date. Hour. 1864.) h m Aug. 7| 9 45 7| 9 50 7) 9 55 7/10 42 7|10 42 8/10 13 8/10 16 p.m. 8/10 37 8/10 40 8)10 44 8/10 45 8/10 54 8/10 58 8}ll 2 811 7 8/11 17 8/11 20 8/11 20 &}11 20 p.m. 8/11 25 8/11 25 8 p-m. p.m. p-m. p-m. p-m. p-m. 30 p.m. p.m. p-m. p-m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p-m. p.m. p-m. 30 p.m. p-m. REPORT—1864. Phi oF Position, or Observation. Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. pun Hawkhurst =2nd mag.* ......|Bright white...|..........csece0e Through Taurus (Kent). Poniatowski. Ibid ...200000.0006-|—= SHA MATH 200...|-sroreveresveensse|soceeevcerocrceees Centre 5° below y Pegasi. Ubidrcsstavresess = etansetrue tee ec es Red cesccsvceos Switt: gesrscct On a line from @ Pegasi through 9 Aquaril, nearly to the horizon. | MUG Aah casaachpsnem =2Nd MAg.+ .revoelerreerncres grvevcclacssspmngbteh bara From 4 Musce to a] | Arietis. RDG coseasdanesss == 1Sb MAREK: /cesene|cccennevasetessonel-py-se aatemeeec In Lacerta ..,...... | Weston - super -/=2nd mag.* ...... BlWe. sagor vase 0:5 second .../From 7 Urse Ma- Mare. joris to « Bootis. Greenwich ......|....... Be PES ph is Blue? -op 005s eee sacl > OF O°. 2e: | MAOLIZONGAL wa consasasccte|essenae ecavaeteuresensosceee W. C. Nash. Left a fine train distinctly|..... Atasees née leacecenaneere shane ccshacostess| Gepeeansrowaseseeseen ane .ss+.{Communicated separated from the by A. S. Her- head. schel. No train left ...........--+-|Shortcourse| Directed from H Came-/R eturned on course|Id. | lopardi. of the last. AES Beeeeee seceeeseeee|Shortcourse|Fell vertically .....0...ces|ecsccscecscsvesceveresessesens Id. MIs cca av ecs decases<|>spsernces Venus Fireball 4 diameter of full moon. wi) =2nd mag. =3rd mag.x =srd mag. weeeee =2nd mag.x =Ist mag.* ...... =4th mag.x =4th mag.x seneee =3rd mag.* 864. Colour. Duration. IBIWG 9 idchacadclacessecontenassees Blue; —_-very|1 to 2 seconds brilliant. Greenishwhite]............eseee+ WIRIEE Ss. ce vtees|araen unnteoue cease White, green,|Not more than and yellow. % second. di to d Aurige. Reached its full dimensions near i Aurige. Orange ...... 0°5 second ...|From « Ophiuchi, moving towards % Ophiuchi. Orange red .../0°l second .../Across « Andro- mede. BEY Sees nate 0:1 second ...|Upwards through Cassiopeia. Orange red .../0°2 second ...|In the zenith ...... Orange.........|0°3 second .../Across Polaris...... Colourless .../0°l second ... Colourless .../0°l second .. Colourless .../0°1 second .|Centre10° W. from .\Same place and *...[From 1° E. of 115 Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. From ¢ Cygni tol Z Scuti Sobieski. From 4 (a, 8) to & Aquarii. From y Pegasi to w| Piscium. Across a Coronz Borealis. From Cepheus to 6 Pegasi. From (4) Musce,| halfway to y Andromede. From vy _Persei, halfway to y Tauri (Pleiades). N., altitude 18° ; towards the N. horizon. From 4 Camelopar- N. of Nebula in Perseus. similar to the last. Persei. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. oF Direction ; noting also ppearance; Train, ifany,| Length of | whether Horizontal, and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or Remarks. sii fo Inclined. MR PIMMENIDIMCH OR MUS) (200555220815 21icctesciesealesietecsoseececs>|osaretecectce Seeker en evas s: Communicated course. Long train left. by A. S. Her- schel. egan suddenly; broad|Shortcoursel......, senedeanevs ndadgetiontcsleensamarecses etaanvadsseaaiene Id. train. SMGEDITU NCL —.o.cacccossse-|LD° soseeese. Directed from @ Andr0-|.........ssccesscenseeaesenees Id. medz. MPEP SIZE OL UUPICET:| On the line from (Kent). a Lyre to Herculis. Centre} halfway. 9]10 48 p.m.|Beeston Obser-|=Srd mag.* ...... Colourless ...,0°l second .../Near Polaris ...... vatory. 9/10 51 p.m.|Hawkhurst P= PIAYIR. Vases sence} sceasuesssccbcses die sncdeucaecdbenee From 2° below Po-| (Kent). laris to i Dra-| conis. 9/10 54 p.m.|Beeston Obser--=4th mag.* ...... Colourless .../0°l second .../In Aquila ......... vatory- 9\10 57 p.m. Weston: super -|=2nd mag.* ...... Blue «.-{L second ....6. From p to ¢ Sagit-| Mare. tarii. ; 9110 59 30 |Beeston Obser-|=2nd mag.* ...... Red ssiietewes 0°3 second ...\From near 115) p.m. vatory. Persei. 911 O p.m.|Hawkhurst "er Aquileesecveswe-]...stesccscasserasJoacestoccsecceeete From Z Draconis,| (Kent). 2 of the way to} 7 Herculis. } CIT 2) prmtyEid ecesadace cose = 2nd Mag.te eves] cc cscethsee etecbalecccccescpseuusaue From e¢ Aquilz to Z Scuti So-| bieski. OT SAU SOP DIA ccs eccocseasat = @ Cygni ....6.... Bright white...|......ssseseeeseee From Z or o Cephei p.m. across 6 Cygni to F, K_ Cerberi, and 2° or 3° further. 9111 2 30 |Greenwich ......|Small, =5th mag.x|......cccrccoccseclecconcceseescesces A short path of 3° p-m. or 4° between} Vulpecula and| Delphinus. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 61 Direction ; noting also ppearance; Train, if any,| Length of | whether Horizontal, Bemiacke: Giicervee and its Duration, Path. Perpendicular, or Inclined. in ee ee oh Sait silea lisa ears asta Sco ee ci ah ateraito Ria wlovaais ooh eta etasape| Masts N= weiss hoeeismiercienjais coseee| We. C. Nash. flash; left a train ...... De seenae sees+-|Horizontal ....... pasmanseleces deveseavess sevaneudapp ear W. H. Wood Eerie cssisencsasve 2p HEATLY CQUall,,......ccbesesess sovcsceeeseceeseee(Erom 10° below, andy, Venus. a few degrees 8, of y Pegasi. 11] 0 36 15 {Ibid.......... eee] Be vecceoeesennnes eae cease cesensenens[Peneneeoeees sees.|From & Normal a.m. Aquarii to mid} way between i & Capricorni. | | VA) (Oc OPM IDI 5 ycoyssppspsenn| = COM MMARVE canons lipaumnpethsnxcvecct ocesnsbareaberees From @ Aquarii tej between « and «) Pegasi. 11] 0 40 30 {|Ibid............... —= WS SVT coe venecslunsevosseskusarede Setanhabeansescrns From near y Pega a.m. |) TRS 2 se Lr Ue reer =4th Mage” ...00,/secccecece Bocce cals cotsaatavaatenee From near y Pegas, 11} 0 44 30 |Ibid....... nce ceed MENUS) iepececees| sesnescesebeonenesl teccosseersekeete To A Aquarii from a.m. near y Piscium, 11} 0 45 45 {Ibid A tna eoe Wellow) ,2sons]-+-t0rsesese0nes From Algol ...... 4 a.m. T1046 ‘acm, |Ubid «...scccc0s0. AEM MEAS Hepes |acaessesas Fens csan|enssscahuessssnee From y Cassiopei to z Andromedé 11] 0 49 a.m.'Greenwich ...... =I1st mag.x....5000+ Blue .. sssseveseeesees--/Ln the E., betwee Aries and t ( upper part oF Taurus. a | 11} 0 50) am.{Ibid ...2........++- ——OMAMAEC esscee| IMC cbvesccen|-a-cavsebonoencans In the same posi , tion as the pre ceding meteor and with a simi lar direction. 11) 0 54 am.'Hawkhurst AEDS AGTH) Shae en| on ecdcasc eRe cass sa|cuscecseescsaeenee From ~ to the Ne (Kent). bula near v An dromede. 11) 0 55 a.m.j[bid....... Sys breen eC NAL AX. seeenslaunseneonadaniacan|apneaneNa 1 aameue On the line from Persei to « Urs Majoris, nearer t¢ the latter star thay to the former. | A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 79 Direction ; noting also Appearance; Train, if any,| Length of | whether Horizontal, and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or Inclined. Remarks. Observer. Increased gradually, left aj............... Directed frome. Lyrae... foe oves.... ck steestieberests Communicated broad train. byA.S. Herschel. RUEPREVETALG ATOM! EhE|...-...25s00sss|.- C. Nash. rizon. int train vo... eee 10° ....s405./Path of this meteor €X-|.... 0.40... .ccsssesssseeveeee (Le actly parallel to that of 02 49™, Communicated by A. S. Her- schel. weeessree OLOLTUCOULSE cersessereweccrnransccereseseelseseseteeesesesteeeties 80 REPORT—1864. } i Place of Position, or / Date.| Hour. Ob ti Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. Altitude and servation. Azimuth. 1864.;h m s 1 Aug.11} 0 56 a.m.| Hawkhurst Df acereeetens tere Sa Peeetaeee ee cannes Aflash ....../In the Cluster (x)} (Kent). of Perseus. 11) 0 58 a.m. |Ibid .......00.....- =Ath Magek sessssleeeeceeee bp enbccsbieadectseesscerenen On a line from the} head of Perseus) towards Musca, centre midway. |) Wlists -Setatn et bide..c..dseses kon =3rd MAX seeeeeles Bioasepeh too enericae * hee Deaseteswie From Polaris ..... ' 1} VB Bam: [bid 12. .ccsceecene =4th Magee ...eeelecccscsecveeeeeeee/eeeeeeeeees Jensen From Z Cygni to a} Aquilz. Wald) 6 yn: Wid eays--saseer Ath MARX agoos|Jonccavscesceasonelevee Deke somes eens From 6 to & Persei Bil 1 GFIM HUBIAY. G.Jves ences SPI a IE snc .cxoanasebascoed Exceedingly |From 2° E. of p toh a.m. swift. 2° BE. of @ And dromede. | HET (GIBOP DIG eo ssscsespnner = HUM IMAGE J dussnalsewens'ssetoeer= =e Exceedingly |From £6 Andro} a.m. swift. medz towards Pegasi. AMO cs gelenNa TI yaasversseceee =Ath magix ssec.|ccccevsscveseecenele hacaddetacdeno er From } (t, ©) Ped gasi nearly to of Cephei. TU La Sarmbid'..secesesexeoss =Ist mag.x ..+.. Yellow — crscac|scseeeeeeeeeeee ...(On a line from 7 Pegasi to Fomal haut. 17) 2 39307 |Ebidiseancke. .svee- 12 VENUS ieapeassee|s cveccececspecsces|saccscecacoeces owe| Itt, PISCES's s0+00+ cum a.m. 11} 115 am.|Ibid......... seveee|d > VENUS cececeeve|seererecees veeecesleees wesersedesn uc To « Cygni, two} thirds of thi course from | Cassiopeiz. | Melt SON LOG ccestsesocesces =2nd Mag. ssesea[eceeeseeee ohavvaselse svoseeeectearete From 6 Cephei to} a.m. Lyre. 11] 1.19 30 [Ibid .......ccccsee JS Ist magek .essee[eeeeers Sabeeupeeerlaqloutebenspe «e.»/On the line fron} a.m. « Persei to Urse Majoris centre halfway. } 11| 1 21 a.m.|Ibid....... cecevsee| = Ath MAG.% seceveleccenereveeecnnrer|serunecees eeee hee From y Andromed NA aor On PILDIG coerceccasesces Racwpasutepbriesesscnets | cocsweeess Penats|eeuc rec easata dies From 6 towards | a.m. Cassiopeiz. Aes SON pid cscnecekecsce: = 2nd MAQ.x vesces|eeeeeeeerseeeerses[eneeeereseeeaee eee) From 12° belo a.m. 6B Andromede. UD aS aa NIG vcceccsescens es = 2nd Magee .....-|eceeeeseeestereneeleeeeees Sicuvesvieee Centre X Piscium a.m. 11) 1 36 a.m.jIbid......... aswans = Srd Magex seers! eit ccnselteses andeaeceee ./From «a to Cygni. 11] 1 37 a.m.|IDid ...s0cceccceees = VENUS coorsscccsse|ecccesseverssescee|s cesseseeeeeseeeee|Moved on a lin continued throug 0, from y Perse Commenced 3° 4° from 0. 11 1 37 30 |[bid cecccseseececee| = 2M MAG cesses |seeseeteecsersceeelsssseeeeeeerseres Prom & tO 1Z°N. a.m. ¢ Pegasi. 11] 1.37 45 |Dbid ceccecsecverses|/—= 2G Magee srseee|ecsereeveee diaacdslwae secceseeeeseees/Erom @ Andromed a.m. to y Pegasi. | Appearance; Train, if any, and its Duration. The nucleus became Length of Path. tionary. eam ee eee tO teeta eeerereereeree immediately converted jaws ! into a bright train. ‘Left a sharp thin train ... Left no train ....sc...s0000 TisiGMO GAIN .esie..0c0000ss TEEPE eee eee eee eres erene fees he nucleus became elon- gated; left a faint train. ery bright and _ broad train. FRO H eee eee ee ee tee er eeetetanel® BPR T ee eT arene ee eeetereeeesneenes|® _ train. a Bicccss FOO eee eter seer esens TPP R ee ee meee eeeeseeeseeeteseesens|*** ere re ry POOR e eee ten eeeneenes . BES ts ecscecsscscecsceccccesse...| SHOFECOUTSE Be reeccesessesseecessceesecesees/SHOrt course Very broad train............{15° ....00.. es icsi......... eevee esneles ft a short broad swelling|3° or 4° ... seeeee WeeUeedecsscesscereccnscoess+/0 sooeeseseeee| Lowards Capella Fee e eee eens ene Seber te teee ses eee Be. 53 Reed ateesc tics scn: Short course}.........+ tee eee ereees EPP EESOR Ore rest seessseaeseesns |S HHFePEEetenees Almost sta- TAPCO ere H eso ene ee eeeeeestes POOH eee ee ree Oman eeeeeeeeeetaes OOS Tee ba be mmeeDecessetes eee Direction ; noting also whether Horizontal, Perpendicular, or Inclined. Direction from B Came- lopardi. Peeeee AOR OOOOH tere eee eeetene aeons TOO e eee ween eee ee ee eet eeesen | sseeeeee OOo eee eee renee eeeeanreee Oe e eee ene eeeeee Pe eeeeeedeelseeee Directed from x Persei.. Directed from y Persei..|. sees Eee eee meee eee e rere es eee Parallel to 8, d Andro- mede. SOOO OP ee erase emessseeeeeeeetesele Pee e ete tees neers eseeesl|seene -|Simultaneous with the! POPE Reet eee eee OOO ee eeteneeee FOP e eee meee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees ' A CATALOGUE Of OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. Remarks. ee SOO e eters eeeeeses FO ee eeeeenee .{Id. SOOO O OO O eee eet eteneneseeees THUR O Reet eee e Heres eee ne eee Id. Id. seeeee Peete weer eeerseseetens former. Id. seeteeeee Id. Id. Id. Id. Ree eee ete tee ee eeeeeees ethardesvecirs iecvadspectenares| 1, Pee reer eeeeeeeeearrssin eeeee Id. ee eeeweeelen FECEEEN EEO ewmetetessesererlesees ee eeeecene Sesser neseeenen Id. 81 Observer. Communicated by A. S. Her- schel. 1864, oa @ 82 REPORT—1864. Position, or Date.| Hour. outa of Apparent Size. Duration. Altitude and servation. Azimuth. 1864.|; hm s Aug.11) 1 39 a.m.|Hawkhurst H2Qnd Mage cescss|eccverererereeneee|ecses sesesevsaeese(From gy Pegasi to- (Kent). wards 6 Aquarii. T]] 1 44 30 |Ibid ............0.|ecercenesccsccecees Bert leenceeeecscobecese| sus emeneen ...eeeee(From 6 Arietis a.m. 11} 1 45 .a.m.|Ibid ......... 0. = 2nd Magee ...see[eeeseeveveverneees|eeeeeeeereeeeeenes 11} 1 45 30 Ibid ..........0... =2nd MAG. ...00.|--csees-es Sep aeees|osonsewsebasssrens a.m. 11) 1 48 a.m./Ibid .......... eouve] SNE IMAL Loess cd asieee eos FD 1 48 cA |Ubid ..ccck aves eee SSN SE Lys sess] davsubegevestonesel) Jevoscnetss,octes| Mim Mut, . Spa x Persei to y Pegasi, centre at e Andromede. DL) 61 49 atin [bidsecssvexs snes ons SODIUM AR Ria sessc- Perey ate pres fore s To a Aquile from v Cygni. PL A SU SO MEDId 2e..vevteee. 302 E=PNEMNBP SI seeee], seqcc oonscetease-|-easevncetbenneeae To @ Lyr® ....4... a.m. ; PD 5oys0'p bid <2. ....2. copes SHOW MAPK .20...].ccsepcccotedennssloavassasefscsuness a.m. ‘ siopeiz. BBL SG SO DIA oc c.0csacvaes ee Br Geet eee Oe een me Seeing = ae” From @, below f| a.m. Arietis, halfway to Fomalhaut. 11} 59 am.jIbid... voce{=BT MAG soeco|aceccncscesedeecon|sceesscsesconsonee phini B12) KO Maras EDI vevezewee dates A Ree eeebeesesdrtene sae] coves wha cbccdwoacilWarcervceeenmeomed From a@ Pegasi to Delphinus. Me Oia a IEDIC cvcececeseceess VENUS) sactrescsss- AEG, ccsevbees Very quick .../To 4 («, A) Dra- a.m. conis. LDDs apne LDidssiscasaeecve sok 2or3>Venus ...|White, with)Momentary ...|In Camelopardus, green and near y Persei. blue rays. 181°9° 39 pyim,|Ubid ...........00:: =Ist mag. ......[Blue .........[1 second ...... Towards N., and below y Bootis. 11) 9 36 p.m.|Blackheath ...... Very bright; glo-/Yellow. ...... Lessthan isec.|Dropped from 7 bular in form; Urse Majoris much larger than towards N.N.W. lst mag.* horizon. about 12°, meteor was hid- den behind trees.} 11) 9 38 p.m.|Lee (Kent) ...... =Ist mag.*..-.-0../Yellow ...... 1 second .,....| Towards N., below a Pegasi. 11) 9%42-30:) |[bid Seceee eee eieebeieeicien ee Fas ces Be errr. oer # second ...... Towards N., about p.m. I 3° below a Aquile. L595 46'S ¥ |Ebid cease oe ocene =4th mag.¥ ...... Haatansaesesdeeies 1 second ...... Passed across € p-m Bootis in asouth-| erly direction. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 83 Direction ; noting also Appearanee; Train, if any,| Length of | whether Horizontal, and its Duration. Path. Perpendicular, or Inclined. Remarks. - Observer. PURE SesiekUt aii. ee (PUSS Cae eee a ssbeines Sebash0scnsseokanbsat yeavdeos-| COMMUNICAted byA.S.Herschel. BRIS PERO oedee EEN 0S. onses0. cee Seas ci Oilesicelere Directed from 3 Cassio-|....ecseseccccscevesevonessoes| Ls peiz. : Reétatrain ...... Feaxsunsd Shortcourse|Directed from } (a, y))....+- savenan sapelovudaetobandpeee Persei. OS Shortcourse|Directed from E (G75) |tecnccecncennans eeevevevcecens Id. Persei. Left a thin train for 3 sec. [1 ee Be Directed from x Persei.. Two shooting-stars at\Id. once. TTP ETOPOR eee e een eres eeeeeenanee 15° BOOOSS0 er] cnanesnvvsdsonceoscoddsaeceed PPP PPP PPP Pee ee eee ed Id. MERE geet res vss bvocosee nc]obeasensboessss | basincceae Ebacnonasv¥yeutRTs| Re cab paanae coueaneanneen eked] ECs Left a broad train for one|!2° ......... Directed from a Cephei..|-+-+.sseseeessseseeceeeeeveees|LGe or two seconds. oe SUM cuVSbusSUcGESVabhe bocbedeccces CO) Ss Weuwas palans seen ee | THHO REO O ee eee ee ensarsens see 2 evesbSeeeslesccane Peer reeeer rrr rer oe sossseeel Ld Sar Bie WS? cyl pase Waar ehited 1-5. |S rete ahs: As fy SMT O LARP HE VEL OW cxss tid eb secena)...0csiicicsneacccnseduceekces| ide nurnaceans cas vasssbvineases|1Gs Increased rapidly; train|20° ........./.... sis ee widest at middle, yellow without sparks. Increased instantly to ajAlmost sta-|........, Pe ee PA ieee toercescs erneae: ea) Gb brilliant flash. tionary. Penne eee eee en eee OCC ane aren Miicoehencacasejhle aweks ccs /INCHMEM, by ievccsssecdescsale** Ne weenie duaaeeeseae eee Ete Charles W.Jones. A very fine train § ........./12°+ ...... Perpendicular ............ Bore a greatresemblance| W. C. Nash. to the falling ball of a Roman candle. IRIEL oh wo5 ssa) cccscccasdenceafsasdbvectsadesesecaveessssnere! aonccdssseesoonseecisavescaoe.|Chianies We JOnew ANDROMEDA o* ## PEGASI - x Xa PECASI ¥ pecasi Be cecaschscecss Sactehte scan teas) Lb Cr auc a con MEDECALY Bo ccccscsecsccsssen|he asehevse cuss ¢sancencumen «» (Ld. ee seaeeteat HOO Scacces..|Lnclined tt 5.50502 aauctdessltcese Sabbah 3 as ee Id. 84 REPORT—1864. Position, or : Apparent Size. Colour. Duration. Altitude and Observation. Setrauth. Date. Hour. Place of 1864.;/h m= 8s \ug.11/10 10 30 |Lee (Kent) ......,=2nd mag.* ....+./Blue sss..see- 4 second ......|This meteor passed p-m. left of Draconis. in an easterly di-| rection. 11/10 19 p.m.|Greenwich ....../=2nd mag.x ...... Blue .........{L second ....../From the direction of Cassiopeia ;; passed above Polaris to the vicinity of «@ Draconis. 11/10 23 p.m.|Lee (Kent) ......,=4th mag.x ...... Blue _.coscess.(/-Second ...... From XA Draconis to ¢ Urse Majoris. 11/10 27 p.m.|Weston - super -|=Ist mag.% ...+. White blue ...|0°5 second ...|c to @ Sagittarii ... Mare. | 11/10 29 p.m.|Greenwich ......,=Ist mag.# .....- Yellowish...... lsecond ....../In N.; dropped perpendicularly from an_ altitude of 20°, and dis- appeared at an| — altitude of 10°.| | The point of appearance was vertically below Polaris. 11/10 29 45 |Lee (Kent) ......,=3rd mag.¥ ...+- Blue ...see../1 second ....../This meteor passed p.m. about 2° below «Corona Borealis towards S. 11/10 44 p.m.|Greenwich ......J=3rd mag.* «...+- Blue .........{1 second ....../From direction of y Andromede ; disappeared be- low y Pegasi. 11/10 50 p.m.|Ibid ........0c008+-/=4th mag.x see Bluish white...|l second ....../Fell vertically downwards from a point 10° below Polaris towards horizon, passing between + and v Urs Majoris. 1110 51 p.m.|Lee (Kent) ......j=2nd mag.x w..- Blue = eden ..|L second ....../Almost exactly in the same direc- tion asthe meteor at 10® 29™ 45°. 11/10 51 30 |[bid ....ce.sesee0ee/=2nd mag.x ......[Deep blue ...|1 second ....../Passed downwards p-m. between «Coronx Borealis and y Bootis. 11/10 52 p.m.|Weston - super -|Larger than Ist|Deep red .,.|1°5 second .../e Aquilae to R. A. Mare. mag.* 280°, Decl. S. 10°. 11/10 56 p.m.|Lee (Kent) ......)=4th mag.x s+-+e-|Blue ..eeeeses/] second ......|From the direction of Polaris, passed below a Dra- conis. 11/11 1 p.m.|Greenwich ..,...|=Ist mag.* ......|Bluish white...|LessthanIsec.|Near_ Andro- mede. Disap- peared almost immediately. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS, 85 Direction; noting also Appearance; Train, ifany,| Length of | whether Horizontal ° ne and its Duration. | Path. Perpendicular, or " Remarks, Observer. Inclined. —— ae ———— — a seeeeee eee ee enrereneereraneeenees 10° seceeeeee/IMClIME sissssssseeesecees|ereeeceacsecrsreaensnceseneens Charles W. Jones Faint train ...cesssscsseccses|ssereessescceee|ooee sesavapass Scspaaear sscaaltecaehoersaenesovssn's seseeeee(We C. Nash. ee ae seccceees(LZ> vessevece|Nearly horizontal .,..,.J.0esssceseseovess-cosseccveess|Charles W. Jones. ONS .. a cn|scsscscaivsccss|ecpaabledssepsecceveereseeseses Clear, fine night ......... W. H. Wood. PURAUT Wscsees< ss soc ePoscaee LEE Prac Perpendicular ......0s0.0.|svceesscoeacsevasseeseetveseee| We Co Nash. MUR s, .o8ivcssceisevesss 25° seesrene/IMCLIMED ..ssssecresceccee-| ceseresesccseecceecsessseerse| Charles W. Jones. BMMCAMM GG scsies «+ ceeseees. Wi clagbsesend|swenescavcoteccaccseseereeswef tees PetcRettecceitecsesccves W. C. Nash. No train ......... aceAccutenn) |G eeec Apaeee PENpeNGieHlar.-csrsesccael-cubeteersecvoasnestendsmoskied Id. BRINE ESE eet sctssccceses(LO° €0/20°..(LUCHNEM ..eccvececccescarclivccccece Siieyestrnchevceuebes Charles W. Jones. Heer eeee ns eeeeeseneeeeresesenes Sais teases Perpendicular PITTI CCDC LL Id. Train of reddish sparks,|.......008 Sebst Ne umstvacandecesaucavercecden: [pect tiusdec sn muvee cuaceuated W. H. Wood. _ 2% seconds. 10° So Se eerereeeererevesereasoes see eeeeeeeeeeee eee seeoereeres Charles W. Jones. doppaconis POLARIS * = <—— BOs ol camtdieeescnsens wedted eas elie dis saacaradetoare Stee W. C. Nash =< 86 REPORT—1864, Dat Hour Place of Apparent Size Colour. Duration om z Observation. PP dl F F 1864.) h m s Aug.11)11 14 p.m|Greenwich ...... =3rd mag.x ....../Blue ........./Less than1sec. Tea pim.|[bid ..-c5..ccesaeas =3rd mag.x ...... Blue ........./3 second ...... 11/11 17 p.m.|[bid ...............,;=2nd mag.* ...... PUNY 21 (302 STbid) ss.cs cece cei cd mare" ...... Both meteors|1 second each p-m. and blue, 11 22 p.m. 11|11 24 p.m.|Lee (Kent) ...... =2nd mag.* ...... BING ii acetsd| rns iwenderss 11/11 26 p.m.|Greenwich ...,.,,=2nd mag. ...... Blue eked 1 second ...... 11/11 28 p.m./[bid .............0.|—=J8t mag.x......... Blues tecsee 1 second ...... 11/11 29 30 |Ibid.......... eee. | = 1st mag.x ...... Blue ..siese...| S€CONd 4.22. p.m. 11/11 34 30 |[bid...............,—=2md mag. ...... Bluish white.../4 or 5 seconds p-m. 12) 9 20 p.m.|Lee (Kent) ......)=2nd mag.x ...... Yellow" i::...- 1 second ...... EP BORA Oly Mal DIC cccancssoneenses|ocvaetaceesesvecsesaceed BING eisasect. 5: 1 second ...... 1210) VO Spsme bid) ce. cossas--. =8rd mag.x ...... Mellow: \fss0.0 1 second ...... 12)10 50 p.m.|Lady - Well, masandidagtucenaecsl vess/YellowW — ...00. 2 seconds...... Lewisham. 12/11 5 p.m./Greenwich ...... =2nd mag.* ...... BING) cstaseess SCCONG 5.4. 12/11 14 p.m.|Ibid ............... =Ist mag.*......... Bluish white.../ Less than] sec. TAY, 52 yim: oidyxeSekk iecwaes =I1st magt..n...0- BUGS iswecnanee 1 second ...... 130075 aim: |[bid <.:...c.cs..-- =4th magx ......)....... Soe cote Seeesee Position, or Altitude and Azimuth, Vertically down to- wards horizon, across a Herculis.| — From a point near} — e Urse Majoris, nearly to 12 Ca- num _ Venatico- to the right of « Herculis. From. direction of Polaris to 8 Dra- conis. From the direction of 6 Cassiopeiz to PB Persei. Across ( Bootis towards W. ho- Draconis. From ¢€ Cygni; passed to the left of Delphi- nus. Moved slowly from rt Urse Majoris small near @ Persei. Fron a little above B Pegasi in the direction of «@ Andromede. From about 3 below __— Polaris to a point equi- distant between}. a@ Urse Ma- joris and @ Dra- conis. Across £ Pegasi, 20 downwards. From near a | Aquile to @ Aquilz peia phei. Across $8 Persei towards horizon. ..|Across « Aurige ... A CATALOGUES OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. Appearance; Train, if any,) Length of and its Duration. INO tYAIM ses. crcvccccsseccess SPO ERIM .sedveec.s0.........[15° a0. FEAR eee Rese eae E Reese eeeeeeesenes Fee ene wee eerere eerie eeseeesseres DETAR ir ctarcsecscves MATT GPAURD sey Seaver. ses Ae PINE ELAR ev)s6..0ns0c00e Le AP MAUIE! Sebi -0 0 ddi- ven. a 15° 20° 10° -| 15° 15° -|33° 30° Path. to 25° to 12°.. ste eewene eee eeeee About 45°... 87 Direction ; noting also whether Horizoutal, Perpendicular, or Inclined. Remarks. . See ee ee weet eeeeeserene Perpendicular .......+0.../..s0008 see enrenee Beene ree eee eeeeeeenl® Ae Pb ee weeeereresetreresssenees tele ce enter eases eeseaseseeseresnee | serene 1 Parallel |Two meteors in the same position. Horizontal. paths. NNGHNEGA c.ccceccsusdsevecelaee pbestuesbaeteisciccesdccgdet Bede e een eeereneeee Pee rerereneleeees Poeeee eee eee eee eee e rer eee e et Pasa eee eee seers sees | sees eas est OS SS Hasse eeasanate® eeeeee weer ereesseeeee eee e eter eee seers ese P eb eeesrssesseeres .sseeee-| his meteor moved more slowly than any I had ever observed. SOOO Rete e eee eenenee Inclined AO er Pewee enon eeeres wweceeeeeeee | LU eeeweeees | INCINET $ ..ncunnee Prevereeeetei ere resis Oe acersrcceceesss «SEE PUP OO Ee sd cacwaces cc|wocvscesdvass--(MOTIZONGAL sssscccee PegWileeades seweesantasp ashes Bete eiaas sees ntaee Koresenas WS) spaces Inclined 9s. sasecseres Ist mag.x; trans- mitted cons:der- able light. Very large meteor.. Meteor of extraor- dinary size. Bright reddish white, chang- ing to violet, and at last deep violet. Orange Blue seeeereee Duration. SOOO e Re eeeeeeeeeee weet eeeeerereenees 14 second Quick motion 3 seconds,..... Moved with an apparently very slow speed. Very slow mo- tion for a meteor; 7 or 8 seconds. Very slow mo- tion. Position, or Altitude and Azimuth. was not but upon ing up, train was distinctly tending from the zenith in the vi- cinity of 8 Dra- conis to near a Corone Bore- alis. The same flash seen In E. a meteor fell perpendicularly from the direction of « Andromede. | From Z to @ Cas- siopeiz. ...|From a Herculis|_ to B Ophiuchi. In S.E., about 40° above the hori- zon. From } (# Cygni, « Cephei) to 4 (y Urs Minoris, n Draconis). Disappearing to a few degrees above Mizar. From near 6 Sa- gittze to the con- stellation Lilra. First appeared above the Pleiade» and set behind a hill in N.W. Passed from near the zenith to near’ the horizon in the constellation of! Ursa Major. A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS, Direction ; noting also whether Horizontal, \ppearance ; Train, if any,| Length of i and its Duration. a Path, Perpendicular, or Remarks, Inclined. A sudden very Drilliant}.........e00...Jeceess arece Loe saceeeeeeeeeese| he flash lit up the street flash like a flash of with a brilliant white lightning; train after light,in strong contra- disappearance of meteor distinction to the yel- lasted 2 seconds. low light given by the gas-burners. After 6 or 7 seconds a dull report was _ heard, somewhat doubtful, owing to the street noises. EE ori scide.cvesscoclesessaceosarees|soonse “ahi seseessseeeee.{NO further information than that given at Greenwich. UMIATGAIVR a vatiss vod ssdecis|ecesscvsecesess Perpendicular .,..scsvcvss|ssecevcccccsccenssccssevneess fain tinged with orange...|............... IMICUIME Gi oesvacaasneener ns |Paeter tenses pecessecece waawe ramet crdnccnsssecsss =, jlesrdimam? = 19 A > Ath & 5th mag.* = 49 3rd. Colours of meteors :— Colourless = 14 a “5 Blue = 2 >” » Red = 9 5s Orange-red = 11 he es Orange = 4 Yellow = 25 4th, Leng gth of path of meteors :—Under 5° in length = 22 ” ”? 5° to 10° ” = 5 sy . LOMO 20 eee = 15 $i a 209: tor40° var, =i 5th. Peculiar features:—No very large or bright meteors, 2nd magnitude prevailing until midnight, then 4th and 5th magnitude stars, apparently more distant than at 10" p.m. Majority very similar in appearance. Much fewer blue than usual. Point of divergence about H 115 Persei. Very few discordant. The paths of meteors in Perseus very short ; those in Ursa Minor and Ursa Major very long. Mostly very rapid, and about equal in speed. The point of divergence lower and more northerly than last year. On the 9th, at Weston-super-Mare, 8 meteors brighter than 3rd magni- tude stars were seen from 10° 30™ p.m. to 11" p.m., by Mr. W. H. Wood. Between 10" p.m. on the 9th and 0° 30™ a.m. on the 10th, at Greenwich Observatory,-Mr. W. C. Nash saw 1 meteor equal to Venus and 20 meteors greater than 2nd magnitude stars. On the 10th, from 3" a.m. to 3" 40™ a.m., at Vogogna in Italy, Mr. A. 8. Herschel obseryed 40 meteors, of which 3 equal Sirius and 6 equal 1st mag- nitude star. Among 105 Pee observed on this night by Mr. Lowe, 51 left trains ; 5 meteors with trains were observed by Mr. Wood, 23 by Mr. Nash, and 12 by Mr. Herschel. The whole, being drawn on a map, present an ill-defined radiant-point near the head of Perseus. From 10" p.m. on the 10th to 2" a.m. on the morning of the 11th, meteors were observed at Hawkhurst to radiate from Perseus and from other coex- isting radiant-points. Radiant-points of meteors. From a point between a and y Persei = 48 meteors. 5, Polaris ==. 12." 5 », Pegasus ak eer », Undetermined radiants =o ane., Total ~ 78" 5, A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 95 Number of meteors from 10° to 10" 45™ p.w. = 12* 5 3 11+ 307 tome .,, — 8*F 5 - 125 to 1» a.m. = 24 a # 1* a.m, to22 am. = 30 Total 74 Of these meteors, twenty-four left trains. From 10" 30™ p.m. to 11" p.m., on the 10th, at Baveno (Italy), Mr. A. 8. Herschel saw 36 meteors. Of these nine left trains: four were equal to Ist magnitude stars. On the night of the 10th, at Greenwich, there were seen by Messrs. W. C. Nash, C. W. Jones, and P. Trapaud, of the Magnetical and Meteorological Department of the Royal Observatory, from 9° p.m. to 1>4.M., sixteen meteors larger than 3rd magnitude stars. The sky was mostly cloudy. On the same evening, at Weston-super-Mare, fifteen meteors larger than 2nd magnitude stars were seen, by Mr. W. H. Wood, from 10" 15™ to 11" 45™ P.M., who reports as follows :— «The 8th was overcast; the 9th clear at intervals; the 10th and also the 11th clear and fine. The 9th and 10th were pretty good displays, but far inferior to that of August 1863. The meteors were sporadic, with occasional cessations; and they exhibited a singular predominance of red and yellow colour.” Messrs. T. W. Webb and T. M. Simkiss report, respectively, from Hay (South Wales) and Wolverhampton, regarding the meteors of the 10th August :— “A good many shooting-stars on the night of the 10th, but not so many on the whole as on the previous night. ** Not so many shooting-stars on the night of the 10th as on the previous night, but of the same character and general directions.” Til. ‘Hxrenrs or Smoorrne-stars,’ by Professor Newton. (Am. Journ. Sci., 2nd ser., vol. xxxvi., July 1864.) Many of the heights of shooting-stars obtained by Brandes, Benzenberg, Boguslawski, Heis, Schmidt, &c., have been unavoidably advanced on slender grounds. The telegraph is now employed to insure identity among the meteors simultaneously observedt. Professor H. A. Newton has, however, collected upwards of 300 examples where the heights of falling-stars have (previously to this practice) been credibly determined. A similar inquiry was undertaken for the British Association, on the occasion of an unusually bright display of meteors observed in England on the 10th of August 1863, and the heights collected were found to correspond with the average of the heights observed on that occasiont. A few large bolides are contained in Professor * Sky partly overcast and hazy; afterwards clear. A fifth part of the time was spent in recording the meteors. + From the 6th to the 10th August (1864), 93 meteors were doubly observed between Rome and Civita Vecchia by the intervention of the electric telegraph. Parallax varying from 15° to 40° was observed in the zenith of Rome, corresponding to heights of meteors between 50 and 150 miles from the surface of the earth. t Report, 1863, p. 332. Note at the foot of the page. 96 REPORT—1864. Newton’s list, which therefore affords wider average limits of height than those given in the last Report. The results may be thus compared :— Average height at first appearance, No. of Observations, Reference. 701 Brit. St. miles. 178 since Sept. 1798. B. A. Report, 1863. 73°5 % _ 234 a + Am. Journ. Sci., July 1864. Average height at dis- appearance, No. of Observations, Reference. 54-2 Brit. St. miles. 210 since Sept. 1798. B. A. Report, 1863. 50°6 ” ” 290 i $ Am. Journ. Sci., July 1864. The mean height of luminous meteors at appearance is accordingly 72, and at disappearance 52 British statute miles above the level of the sea, with a probable error of only two miles. IY. ‘ Novemper Srar-sHowers,’ by Professor Newton. (Am. Journ. Sci. vol. xxxvii. p. 377, and vol. xxxviil. p. 53.) Comparing together the dates of thirteen historic star-showers, from Oc- tober 13th, 902, to November 13th, 1833, the existence of a common meteoric shower becomes apparent. The node of the ring has an annual pro-cession of 1-711 (reckoned from mean equinox), or of 52!56 reckoned from a fixed equinox along the ecliptic. By this amount the date of the return has been delayed one day in every 34 years since the first appearance of the shower ; aud the narratives are in accordance with a single meteoric phenomenon, of which the yearly period is 365-271 days, returning with especial intensity four times in every 133 years. A want of punctuality of one, two, or even three years in the return of the display may be accounted for by the revo- lution of the earth on its axis, by which observers were deprived of a view of the spectacle during a part of its existence. The explanation of the periodicity depends, not upon the perturbations of the earth or of the ring, but ee the true periodical time of revolution of the cloud. Its displace- ment +4, parts of a revolution from the node per annum may be accom- panied with 0, 1, or 2 complete revolutions round the sun, but with no frac- tional part of a revolution, because the cloud has been encountered at the node with almost equal intensity on two successive years (1832 and 1833). The displacement cannot be accompanied with any greater integral number of revolutions than two, on account of its distance from the sun. As, more- over, the true motion of the November meteors is sensibly perpendicular to a radius-vector from the sun, prohabiliiy must be held to decide in favour of the nearly circular orbit, with 1+ 4, revolution per annum, and with a velocity nearly equal to that of the earth, “put in a retr ograde direction. The inclination observed corresponds to nearly 17° with the ecliptic. Should more than one reyolution be performed in one year by the meteoric cloud, the two or three successive encounters which compose one principal meteoric epoch must fall earlier in the year, and vice versd. Sufficient mate- A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 97 rials do in fact exist for preferring this alternative. In this case the period from node to node is 354621 days, with a probable error not exceeding 16 minutes. The orbit is nearly circular, with a semi-major axis 0:9805, a velocity of arrival in the atmosphere (allowing for the attraction of the earth) 20°17 miles, and a velocity of passage through the atmosphere 38-7 miles, or nearly forty miles per second. A maximum display on the morning of the 14th November, 1866, is expected to be chiefly visible on the western Atlantic. VY. Mereorires. (Proc. Vienna Acad. Sci. vols. xviii, and xlix.)} (1.) 1863, August 11th, 11" 30™ a.m. Near Shytal, Dacca, about 150 miles N.E. from Calcutta. A report like thunder was presently followed by the fall of a meteoric stone. The stone weighed 5 lbs., measuring 4 inches to 6 inches in different parts, and struck 17 inches into the ground. It is entirely covered by a thin black crust, and the interior substance resembles (by large patches) the meteorites of Weston— by veins of darker colour the stones of Lixna and Macao, and those of Parnallee by a general variegated appearance. It has been forwarded to the British Museum through the Asiatic Society of Bengal. A section is destined for the Museum of Vienna. The direction of the meteor was from E. to W. (2.) Dr. Haidinger, of Vienna, concludes a paper on the physical connexion of meteorites with fireballs and shooting-stars by the following remarks (vol. xlix. p. 16) :— One of the conclusions which appear to be established by recent | observations is, that the three classes of meteorites, fireballs, and shooting- stars are assemblages of fragments, finer or coarser. A study of the fused surfaces of the meteorites of Stannern shows that these, at least occasionally, enter the atmosphere in a crowd. Dr. Schmidt observed a similar structure, by aid of the telescope, in the case of a detonating fireball, on the 19th October, 1863. Mr, Alexander Herschel also arrives at the same conclusion, on in- dependent grounds, with respect to shooting-stars, and supposes them to consist of dust, more or less arenaceous in its form.” The fireball observed by Dr. Schmidt, the Researches on Metoerites, and those on Shooting-stars, referred to in this paragraph, are described in former papers of the Academy. (3.) 1863, December 7th, 11° a.m. Tourinnes la Grosse, Tirlemont, near Waterloo in Flanders. A ball of white-hot matter shot suddenly from 8.E. to N.W. across the sky, which was cloudy, Shortly afterwards a crash was heard, followed by a whistling noise, Two aérolites were precipitated, 14 Ibs. and 15 Ibs. in weight, and distant two miles from one another, one of which broke the trunk of a fir-tree 12 inches in circumference, and buried itself 6 inches in the earth. The second, falling on a footway in the village of Tourinnes la Grosse, splintered a flagstone, and broke into 25 or 30 fragments, severely burning the fingers of those who attempted to collect them. A third stone of 22 Ibs. weight, which fell without injury from branch to branch of a tree, is preserved in the Museum of Natural History at Paris. Daubrée and Haidinger conclude that meteorites reach the earth with a velocity less than that of a cannon-ball. The de- tonations are a proof of the violence with which their planetary velocity is destroyed by the resistance of the air. The Tourinnes stones are light grey, and, from the presence of spherules, chondritic. Chladnite (nickeliferous -) a troilite (magnetic iron-pyrites) are disseminated through the stones , H 98 REPORT—1864. in grains, and the latter pretty large. The crust is one-fiftieth of an inch in thickness, and dull black. A stone of 23 ozs. is in the Museum of Mineralogy at Vienna, 22 lbs. in the Museum of Natural History at Paris, and a fragment, 1 lb. in weight, in the British Museum. (4.) 1864, March 14th, and 1864, May 2nd. “ May 8th to 14th is an aérolitic period, and its radiant-point should be determined.” (R. P. Greg, Manchester, 14th March, 1864.) “ May the 12th will he “the next time to verify, and has of late years been very richly aérolitic.’ (R. P. Greg, Manchester, 2nd May, 1864.) The aérolitic period yo defined by Mr. Greg was verified by the fall of a meteorite at Orgueil (8. France), on the evening of the 14th May, 1864. The meteorites are rich in carbon and soluble salts, among which are those of ammonia. (Comptes Rendus, vol. lviii., for May 23, and following numbers contain full particulars. At pp. 1100 and 1212 the trajectory of the meteor is described.) VI. RapIANT-POINTS ofr SHOOTING-STARS, Showers of meteors are of comparatively frequent occurrence, and, since the display of November 1833, it is well known that the meteoric tracks on these occasions take their directions from a point (termed the radiant-point of the shower) which retains its apparent place unchanged among the stars during the continuance of the shower. The following “observations were expressly conducted for the purpose of determining the radiant-points of meteors on particular dates, since the last Report :— Date of Approximate No. of General Accuracy Observation. Position of Radiant-point. Observations. of Divergence. N. Decl. fe) 1863, Aug. 10-11...4 Persei ...... BRO 562 oss 120 ... Great. » Dec. 12-13...7 Geminorum. 105'5 ...... BO ee. 17... Considerable. 1864, Jan. 2-3 ...c Quadrantis... 234°0 ...... 50'9. wiaee 100 ... Great. yy Apr. 10-11...0 Virginis...... 192°3 . dsaves AD owibans 12 ... Average. », Apr. 12-13...Cerberus ...... ZAO0:0 ..ca5ne 2 16 ... Inconsiderable. » Apr. 19-20...near # Lyre... 27775 ...... DEO fercece 23... Great. » Aug. 9-10...D Camelopardi ch mer a a Aree 87 Considerable. The position of the radiant-point on the night of the ond January differs only 5° from the centre of eight very luminous excursions, observed by the late Stillman Masters, in America, at daybreak on the 2nd January, 1863 (R. A. 238°-0, N. P. D. 43° 6). The fixity of this radiant-point for two suc- cessive years, ‘under circumstances so widely differing from one another in hour and place, is a strong argument for the astronomical nature of periodical meteors. A radiant-point near a Lyr@ was observed in America, by the late E. C. Herrick, on the morning of the 19th April, 1839, a quarter of a century before the observation recorded in this list. Relying upon the gene- ral stability of meteoric phenomena, it is possible to determine the radiant- points of sporadic meteors (if these exist),in the same manner as the radiant- points of periodical shooting-stars, from observations of a long series of years. The Reports of the British Association, Coulvier Gravier’s Catalogues, and other less extensive observations afford more than sufficient materials for the purpose. The centres of excursion of sporadic meteors continue for weeks, or even months, in one position, until their epochs overlap. Two or more centres of excursions then coexist for a time, and afterwards give place to other radiant-points. The following list cf general radiant-points of shooting- A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 99 stars, arranged by Mr. Greg, is remarkably verified in many of its positions by the corresponding list of radiant-points contributed by Dr. Heis, in the ‘Monthly Notices’ of the Astronomical Society (vol. xxiv. p. 213). General Radiant-points of Shooting-stars. ‘Comparison of the Epochs and Positions of Radiant-points of Shooting-stars, concluded independently, by R. P. Greg, Esq., and Dr. E. Heis. From Observations contained in the British Association || Observed at Miinster,; 1849-61. Catalogues, 1845-1863. (R.P. Greg.) — } (E. Heis.) 2 i ene are S Il Dict cS) Wpoelis th their order S6 | Distinctive S | Distine- - = Epocha to the No. |"P |S =| Number. | R.A. | A tive |R.A.) A P of commencement. As (Greg.) e | Latiees: ie nearest half-month. ° fo] fe} ° I | Dec. 20 to Jan. 30...) 20) IT. .0...44.. 22 1°75 || Ay eccare 29 | 50} January 1 to 15. fA aaa ne 15 | 63) January 16 to 31. 2 | Dec. 20 to Jan. 30...| 13) IIa ...... HRI Ba ING. caters 285 | 84) January 1 to 15. WN oak 0 | 90) January 16 to 31. 3 | Dec. 21 to Feb. 4 .::| 28) HII. ..... 68 17 || AG, 4 | January 2 to 3 ...... Dell Woceceesaes aaa 13 mel bas) ND | ot. eae 235 | 52) December 16 to 31. Kp esseve 242 | 51| January 1 to 15. 5 | Jan. 2 to Feb. 4 ...| 30) LV. ......004 133 | 40 ||? M, ...j166 | 52) January 16 to 31. 6 | January 5 to 25...) 15) 1V.a eases 173 | 32 ||M Gi 7 | February 4 to 26 ...} 36) V. ........- Be P| WEY el ee as 150 | 60) February 1 to 14. 8 | February 7 to 26 ...| 20) VI. .......0. TSO les i lcseccse= 130 | 63) February 15 to 28. Mapbeurnary. 9 to ky ...| 13) WII.’ Los. 70.940 [By sceaee 65 | 51) February 1 to 14. AG neces 91 | 37) February 15 to 28. 10 | Feb. 10 to Mar.17...! | 21] VIII. ...... 168 9 || S, .se0--[170 | 11) February 15 to 28. Serer 178 7| March 1 to 15. S, -e++.-{L73 | 23) March 16 to 31. 11 | Feb. 11 to Mar. 16...) 10) VIII.a...... 37 1S G, (12 | February 19 to 26...) 10) Via ...... 220 | 84 ||N, ... 0 | 90) February 1 to 14. j Ny «eses-[200 | 83] February 15 to 28. 13 | March 3 to 27 ...... UL} XII. cceeee 44 72 ||N. ......[340 | 80) March 1 to 15. 14 | March 3 to 31 ...... BU WR. sensed 145 | 67 || M, ««s-{125 | 52) March 1 to 15. M, ......(140 | 50| March 16 to 31. 15 | March 3 fo 31 ...... i). Baers Pee 186 58 |? Mg..eese 140 | 50| March 16 to 31. 16 | March 12 to 20 ...| 20| XII. ...... 223 | 39 || MG, 7 | Aprll to June 2.2.) (52) X12 vse. as- 194. |).52)f) My-sasese 160 | 53) April 1 to 15. M, ......{150 | 61) April 16 to 30. 18°} April 2 to May1 ...| 20) XIV. ...... 189 4h Serr esrant LOA 5) April 16 to 30. 19 | April 8 to May 28...; 20) XIX. ......, 227 |—8 || SG, £0 | April 13 (a.m.)......| 17| XVI. ...... 276 | 26 ||QG 21 | Aprill6 to May3...; 30) XV." ...... 96 87) WIN, vate 265 83) April 16 to 30. 22 | April 19 to 20 ...... D5 ile Vill oats 282 | 33 | DG, 23 | April 25 to June 4... 28) AVIEES 3: 255 | 48 | DG, 4 | April 30 to June 4...) 15) XX. ou... 243 20 ff GQ ceases 218 20) May 1 to 31. 2 |May9toJune3 ...) 16) XVIIILa... 277 42 | D 6 | May 9 to June 4 ... 8) SXT. Seas. 286 21 PW © saaces 292 15| Jane 1 to 30. @ | May 29 to Junel7...| 18) XXII. ...) 336 [ 45 || By -..... 332 | 60) May 1 to 31. | Ba aagses 333 | 42| June 1 to 30. 4 June 1 to 30 .....+... gax0 22; 236 | 30 | Q, ....(242{ 12 Jane 1 to 30. June 1 to 30%........ fo S500... ~~ 300-1 8S TN, ns. '290 | 80, May I to 31. Nj, «s+--(150 | 83] Jane 1 to 30. 30 | July 2 to 24 «2.0... CEG 6 Seana Bae. 1 ean 315 | 54) July 1 to 15. to 313 | 43 || 31 | July 10 to Aug. 6...| 26) XXVIL. ... 257 13. |} Qy, aid. 0e 262 12) July 1 to 15. 32 | July 20 to Aug.4...| 46) XXV....... 359 | 70 | Nj, «-...| 20 | 85) July 1 to 15. N, +0337 | 86] July 16 to Aug. 15. H2 100 REPORT— 1864. General Radiant-points of Shooting-stars (continued). Comparison of the Epochs and Positions of Radiant-points of Shooting-stars, concluded independently, by R. P. Greg, Esq., and Dr. E. Heis. From Observations contained in the British Association Observed at Miinster, 1849-61. Catalogues, 1845-1863. (R. P. Greg.) (E. Heis.) ‘ i r K Distinctive 3 Distine- 3 No. Ben a sng $$] Number. | R.A. | A tive |R.A.| A Pesce - e's a of commencement. |4 2) (Greg.) 2 || Letters. ss est half-month. ° ° 33 | July 22 to Aug.10...} 70) XXVI. ...) 344 | 12 || T, .... 314 | 15) August 16 to 31. to 327 10 34 | July 29 to Aug. 22...) 123) XXIV.a...) 302 | 44 to 288 | 42 || B, ...... 306 | 59) August 16 to 31. & 298 | 58 || By uo. 302 | 65) July 16 to Aug. 15. 35 | Aug. 6 to Sept.10...! 80) XXIX. ... O51 BD ANE cannes 295 | 79| August 16 to 31. ING Senseo 130 | 84} September 1 to 15. 36 | August 7 to 16 ...... ere oN eee 45 | 55 |) A, ....., 50 | 51] July 16 to Aug. 15. to 20 62 37 | Aug. 17 to Sept.12| 9|XXVIIa...| 245 | 5 |/Q, ...... 262 | 12\July 1 to 15. to 262 12 38 | Aug. 17 to Sept. 30] 18/ XXIV.J, or} 282 | 42 || B; ...... 293 | 57| September 1 to 15. XXX.a. 39 | Aug. 17 to Sept. 30| 150) XXX. ...... 333 | 50 / EG viz.314 | 52 || E ..,...)830 | 50} October 16 to 31. to 347 | 47 || A,,......| 39 | 63) September 1 to 15. Rego | UL aor aceess 44 | 63] September 16 to 30. {Oopa ee? ||| :Al, «eneae 51 | 61) October 1 to 15. 40 | Aug. 18 to Sept. 29] 27) XXXI., or Ud pos AlRan ecaess 53 | 35] September 1 to 15. XXX.0. ee ooseoe 46 | 37| September 16 to 30. 41 | Aug. 22 to Nov.5...| 27) XXXII. ... 1 | 15 || T, ......,843 | 10] September 1 to 15. 7 T, «+--| 1] 11] September 16 to 30. LRA 3 | 11] October 1 to 15. 42 | Sept. 6 to Noy. 23.,.} 18) XXXIV.... 22 |-9 || TG Disgaea 10 |—11) October 16 to 31. 43 | Sept. 20 to Oct.11...) 35) XXXYV. ... 83 48 || AG, 44 | Sept. 25 to Oct.10...| 16) XXXVI... DE g84 WeNG aecase 65 | 84] September 16 to 30. 45 | Sept. 27 to Noy. 2...) 67) XXXII... TEED also | hes aa 20 | 42} October 16 to 31. Boe hea 25 | 40) December | to 15. 46 | October 3 to 20...... 11} XXXVII.... 140 | 45 || LG ch eee 115 | 55) December 1 to 15. 47 | Oct. 4 to Nov. 10...) 35) XXXVIII. AS Soo: lig vanes 45 | 32) October 1 to 15. 48 | Oct. 18 to Nov. 3...| 30) XXXIX.... 83 | 12 ||0 49 | Oct. 20 to Nov. 21...) 33) XL.......... bY en (SG BL sr ateeee 75 | 40) October 16 to 31. 50 | Oct. 31 to Dec. 9...} 14) XLIII. ... 139 7 || LH 51 | November 1 to 23...) 75} XLI. ...... 16 | 49 || AG, 52 | November 7 to 15...|_ ...| XLII....... 153 | 22 || L, ......{150 | 28) November 1 to 30. 53 | Nov. 23 to Dec. 9... 9) RW itestascs 279 | 56 || DG, 54 | Noy. 24 to Dec.10...| 37) XLIV. ... 59 | 58. | Aye cocces 37 | 59] December 16 to 31. 55 | Nov. 26 to Dec. 30...) 84) XLVII. ... 96 | 36||G Po awe 115 | 55) December 1 to 15. 56 | Nov. 27 to Dec. 19 | 10) XLVI. ... 157 | 71 ||KG Total days, 1655. {1746 Each of the foregoing fifty-six radiant-points of shooting-stars depends upon the average of one meteor recorded per night for thirty successive nights, which is the average duration of a meteoric shower. yen cursory observa- A CATALOGUE OF OBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS METEORS. 101 tions are calculated to add to the precision with which it will in future be desirable to fix the epochs and positions of these radiant-points. When the epochs and positions of the different general radiant-points of shooting-stars are more exactly circumscribed, it may be reasonably expected that fireballs and meteorites will be shown to belong, like shooting-stars, to meteoric showers. The results arrived at independently by Professor Heis, of Minster, are in general strongly corroborative of those obtained by Mr. Greg, of Manchester, though in certain cases the latter exhibits radiants not given by the former, and vice versd. Professor Heis, however, has somewhat arbitrarily divided his meteor-showers and radiants into bi-monthly divisions, and has thus occasionally presented the same shower with a number of radiants more or less closely allied to each other. Mr. Greg has endeavoured to give as nearly as possible the precise dura- tion and limit of each shower, as well as the average position of its connected radiant, The general results may be thus summed up, with a tolerable degree of certainty, as regards the meteor-showers. They appear to endure for almost any period, from twenty-four hours to eight or possibly ten weeks, differing from one another in richness or intensity of display. In some there appears to be a tendency to maximum display on particular days, as for example xlvii., lasting from November 26th to De- cember 30th ; but the most abundant display occurs from December 9th to 13th. In others no such maximum can be perceived. Their number, of fully fifty as yet ascertained, will probably not be much exceeded, unless by short-lived showers, and by others whose radiants culminate just before dawn. ‘There is no confusion or chance in their return, but, on the contrary, the showers are very regularly recurrent every year, and, allowing a radiant- region of 10° to 15° in diameter for each, the so-called ‘“ sporadic” meteors will become extremely scarce, now that the principal showers and their radiants have been pointed out. A well-marked instance of long persistence, and remarkable for having its radiant very small and fixed, is the shower of August 6th to September 10th, no. xxix. The great majority have, at the present time, been as clearly defined (as regards the time of their occurrence, duration, and positions of their radiants) as is the case with the older and better-known showers of August and November. On the average of many years, the radiant-regions of a few are, however, still very extensive. In all, a plane, oval, or double-headed region of radiation appears to represent the conditions of the showers more correctly than a point. This elongation of the radiant-region is in most cases perpendicular to the ecliptic, or parallel to the via lactea, in or near which the greater number of the radiants in the latter half of the year are placed. The meteors of particular showers vary in their distinctive characters, some being larger and brighter than others, some whiter, some more ruddy than others; some swifter, and drawing after them more persistent trains than those of other showers. Their connexion a cab epochs and directions of large meteors still remains to be esta- shed, 102 REPORT—1864. Report on the best Means of providing for a Uniformity of Weights and Measures, with reference to the Interests of Science. By a Com- mittee consisting of Lorp Wrorrestry*, D.C.L., F.R.S., The Rt. Hon. C. B. Apprritry*, M.P., Sir Wiiuram ARMsTRONG, C.B., F.R.S., Tar Astronomer Royat, F.R.S., Samunt Brown*, W. Ewart, M.P., T. Granam, F.R.S., Six Joun Hay*, Bari., M.P., F.R.S., Prof. Hennessy*, F.R.S., James Hevwoon™, M.A., F.R.S., Dr. Len*, F.R.S., Dr. Leone Levi*, F.S.A., F.S.S., Prof. W. A. Miter, F.R.S., Prof. Ranxine*, F.R.S., Rev. Dr. Rosrnson, F.R.S., Col. Syxes*, M.P., F.R.S., W. Tits, M.P., F.R.S., Prof. A. W. Witttamson*, F.R.S., James Yates, M.A., F.R.S., and Freperick Purpy*, For a uniformity of weights and measures with reference to the interests of science, the Committee recommend to the British Association the follow- ing resolutions :— 1, That it is desirable, in the interests of science, to adopt a decimal system ‘of weights and measures, 2. That in furtherance of this proposal, it is desirable, from its scientific Gan ehe ete to adopt the metric system7, . That as the weights and measures of this country are gradually under- ane a process of decimalization, it would be more advantageous, instead of drifting by degrees into a heterogeneous variety of systems, to change at once to a really conyenient system. 4, That it be recommended to the Goyernment, in all cases in which statistical documents issued by them relate to questions of international interest, to give the metric equivalents to English weights and measures. 5. That in commtinications respecting weights and measures, presented to foreign countries which have adopted the metric system, equivalents in the metric system be given for the ordinary English expressions for length, capac bulk, and weight. . That it be recommended to the authors of scientific sernsaeeiaaee! in all cases where the expense or labour involyed would not be too great, to give the metric equivalents of the weights and measures mentioned, . That the influence of the British Association would be beneficially eee in obtaining from Paris an authorized set of metric weights and measures, to he placed in some public and frequented building in London. 8. That advantage will be derived from the recent publication of metric tables, hy C. H. Dowling, C.E., in which British standard weights and measures are compared with those of the metric systemt. That treatises explaining the metric system, with diagrams, should be forthwith laid before the public. That works on arithmetic should contain metric tables of weights and measures, with suitable exercises on those tables; and that inspectors of schools should examine candidates for pupil-teachers in the metric system, 9. On the subject of temperature, it is recommended that the authors of Reports to be presented to the British Association, relative to temperature, * Those members whose names have an asterisk (*) added have attended meetings of the Committee. + Professor Rankine has dissented from the second Resolution. t London, Lockwood and Co., 1864. ON THE UNIFORMITY OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 108 ‘tbe requested to give the degrees of heat or cold according to both the Centigrade and Fahrenheit’s thermometers. . 10. It is recommended that the scales of thermometers constructed for sci- entific purposes be divided both according to the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales; and that barometric scales be divided into fractions of the metre, as well as into those of the foot and inch. 11. That a committee on uniformity of weights and measures be re- appointed, with a grant of £20. Prince Talleyrand, in 1790, distributed among the members of the Consti- tuent Assembly of France a proposal, founded upon the excessive diversity and confusion of the weights and measures then prevailing all over that country, for the reformation of the system, or rather for the foundation of a new system upon the principle of a single and universal standard*. A Committee of the Academy of Sciences, consisting of five of the most eminent mathematicians of Europe—Borda, Lagrange, Laplace, Monge, and Condoreet—were subsequently appointed, under a decree of the Constituent Assembly, to report upon the selection of a natural standard; and the Com- mittee proposed in their Report that the ten-millionth part of the quarter of the meridian of Dunkirk should be taken as the standard unit of linear measure. Delambre and Méchain were appointed to measure an are of the meridian between Dunkirk and Barcelona. They commenced their labours at the most agitated period of the French revolution. At every station of their progress in the field-survey they were arrested by the suspicions and alarms of the people, who took them for spies or engineers of the invading enemies of France. The result was a very wonderful approximation to the true length, and one in the highest degree “creditable to the French astronomers and geometricians, who carried on their operations, under every difficulty and at the hazard of their lives, in the midst of the greatest political convulsion of modern times” f. By means of the are of the meridian measured between Dunkirk and Bar- celona, and of the arc measured in Peru, in 1736, by Bougner and La Con- damine, the length of the quarter of the meridian, or the distance from the pole to the equator, was calculated. This length was partitioned into ten millions of equal parts, and one of these parts was taken for the unit of length, and called a metre ¢, from the Greek word pérpoy (a measure). If the are of the meridian be calculated from the result of French researches, the metre itself is equal, in English measurement, to 39:37079 inches; and multiplying this length by 10,000,000, the length of the quadrant of the meridian, when converted into feet, will be, 32,808,992 feet. Sir John Herschel estimates the length of the quadrant of the meridian at 32,813,000 feet; so that, according to his calculation, there is a difference between the French and the new estimate of the quadrant, of 4008 feet, and therefore the French length of the quadrant is -,~th too short, and the metre is z}sth of an inch less than the length of the ten-millionth part of the quadrant. An error of 5},th of an inch in the determination of the metre is more than counterbalanced by the extreme simplicity, symmetry, and con- venience of the metric system. Professor Bessel observed with respect to * Report of John Quincy Adams on Weights and Measures, p.49. Washington, 1821. . ¥ Essay on the Yard, the Pendulum, and the Metre, by Sir John F. W. Herschel, Bart., K.H., M.A., F.R.S., &., p. 19. London, 1863. - £ Briot’s ‘Arithmetic,’ translated by J. Spear, Esq., p.152. R. Hardwicke : London, 1863. 104 REPORT—1864. the metre, that, “in the measurement of a length between two points on the surface of the earth, there is no advantage at all in proving the relation of the measured distance to a quadrant of the meridian”’*. Professor Miller, of Cambridge, who quotes this remark, deems the error in the relation of the metre to the quadrant of the meridian to be of no consequence; and he mentions another slight error in the metric system, discovered by recent research, and relating to the density of water, which he gives in the following words of Bessel +:— “The kilogramme (1000 grammes) is not exactly the weight of a cubic decimetre of water. Many of the late weighings show that water at its maxi- mum density has a different density from that which was assumed by the French philosophers who prepared the original standard of the klogramme ; but nobody wishes to alter the value of the gramme on that account.” M. Chevalier stated to the Committee of the House of Commons on Weights and Measures, in 1862, that, in calculation, the metric system spares both time and labour, exactly as a good machine would do for spinning or weaving. The metric system is considered by Sir William Armstrong to be “ the only one which has any chance of becoming universal.”’ Two important principles form the basis of the metric system. 1. That the unit of linear measure, applied to matter, in its three forms of extension, viz. length, breadth, and thickness, should be the standard of all measures of length, surface, and solidity. 2. That the cubic contents of the linear measure, in distilled water, at a temperature of great contraction, should furnish at once the standard weight and measure of capacity. Scientific advisers were summoned to the counsels of King Louis Philippe, on his accession to the French throne, and that monarch has the credit of haying enforced the metric system in France. The opposition to the metric system, among the French, had not arisen from the requirements of com- merce; the Department of the Bridges and High Roads and the officials of the naval arsenals had, with the consent of the French government, already adopted the metric system, and the new system came into general operation in 1840. The Department of Commerce in France superintends the proper observance of weights and measures. Standards made for the course of trade are very numerous. “Tf you have been walking about Paris,” says M. Chevalier, “you may have seen the metre in the streets, fixed in the wall of many a public build- ing. It is made by public authority. Any buyer, who is afraid that he has been cheated, can go to some street at a short distance, and there he finds the measurement of the metre, fixed by authority for the use of the people; besides, he has a process more simple, to know whether he has been dealt with fairly ; he has his own metre in his pocket.” Verifiers of weights and measures are appointed in every district (arron- dissement) of France, and each verifier has his own set of these instruments. Measures are made very cheap in Paris: balances furnished with small weights may be purchased at a small expense; and in the larger weights, the principal expense is in the metal. * Report of a Committee of the House of Commons on Weights and Measures, p. 109. 862. tT From the ‘Populaire Vorlesungen,’ by Professor Bessel, published in 1848, soon after his death, ON THE UNIFORMITY OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 105 Gutch’s ‘Literary and Scientific Register’ for 1864* contains a useful comparison of metric and English measures, compiled by Mr. Warren De la Rue, F.R.S., in which the different quantities of the metric system are expressed in their English equivalents, and the value of several important English weights and measures is given in the terms of the metric system. Until comparative tables of the English and metric systems had been published, the labour of converting English weights and measures into the metric system was so excessive, that when communications to scientific societies were published in England, with merely British weights and measures, such papers were frequently not translated in foreign countries, and the labours of the Englishman of science were consequently not appreciated beyond the limits of Anglo-Saxon dominions. Practical inconvenience was felt, during the negotiation of the commercia treaty between France and England, on account of the English inch not being at that time usually divided, except into quarters and eighths. Mr. Ogilvie, Surveyor General of the Custom House in London, who assisted Mr. Cobden in the French treaty, found the advantage of the minute subdi- visions of French measures, such as the millimetre, which is one-third less than one-sixteenth of an inch, and is the one-thousandth part of the metre. French workmen are familiar with the millimetre as a unit of width, and as especially useful with reference to plates of iron or other materials. Duties had to be calculated for the treaty on rolled iron, in cases where the work of rolling increased the value of the iron, and where a slight diminution of width was of great importance. The following diagram, from Gutch’s ‘Scientific Register,’ will show the minute subdivision of the millimetre, and will also exhibit the near approxi- mation of 100 millimetres to 4 inches, COMPARISON OF ENGLISH AND METRIC MEASUREMENT. Scale of four inches. Scale of one-tenth of a metre, or 100 millimetres. alee eee 4 LL 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Mr. J. Mumford, Master of the British School at Highgate, recommends decimals to be placed immediately after numeration in the ordinary arith- metic-books, instead of being put after compound interest and other difficult rules. The children in schools, who usually follow the order of subjects in an arithmetic-book, would thus learn decimals at an earlier period of their education. So much time is occupied in schools in committing to memory the various tables of English weights and measures, and in working examples of com- pound addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, that Mr. James Yates is of opinion that a year would be saved in the education of boys, * Published by B. Blake, 421 Strand, London. 106 REPORT—1864. if the metric system were to take the place of the existing tables of weights and measures in England. The English workmen engaged in building-trades, such as carpenters, masons, and bricklayers, Professor Donaldson considers to be generally very intelligent ; and whatever would afford to them facility in calculation would be acceptable as soon as it had been explained to them. In railway operations a civil engineer ascertains weight by computation of measure: he cannot take scales and beams, and weigh pieces of iron of twenty tons and upwards; he knows the specific gravity of the iron, and he ascertains by measurement the weight of a given quantity of that metal. The metric system aids in all calculations relating to specific gravity. Mr. W. Crosley, C.E., stated to the Committee of the House of Commons on Weights and Measures that he believes the decimal system is extending itself very much, especially for scientific purposes and amongst professional men. “It is extending itself among them very considerably, without any law whatever.” Chemists, pursuing important researches, employ generally metric weights and measures, Thus, in the Royal Institution of Great Britain, in Albemarle Street, the operations of the laboratory are carried on with the aid of the metric system ; and Dr. Frankland, one of the chemists of that Society, finds the metric weights and measures particularly valuable in his experimental investigations respecting gases. The gramme, with its multiples and minute subdivisions, is a popular weight with chemists. In the practical business of a druggist the metric system of weights and measures, if generally adopted, would, in the opinion of Mr. Squire, save a great deal of labour to the rising generation. In the metric system, Mr. Squire observes, as the divisions and multiplications are all by-ten, the subject and the calculations would be much simplified *. A meeting, held in June 1863, of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, adopted a petition to the House of Commons, in which they recom- mended an assimilation of the weights and measures of all nations, as likely “to tend greatly to the convenience of pharmaceutists t and the safety of the public.” The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain felt assured that a “very few years would familiarize both prescribers and dispensers with the new weights and measures, and that the easy multiplication or division of them by the decimal system, universally applied, would afford such facilities of computation as to recommend it strongly to the adoption of medical men and chemists; and they are strengthened in this opinion by the invariable practice of English and all other analytical chemists already to state the results of their investigations in decimals.” Some metric measures and weights approach yery nearly to corresponding English quantities: thus, in liquid measure, fiye litres are nearly equal to 1, gallon, or 1 gallon 0:402 of a quart, A half-kilogramme, or weight of 500 grammes, is equivalent to 1 Ib, 1 oz, 10-191 drams ayoirdupois. The following brief table, by Mr. Samuel Brown, condenses the system of all the metric measures and weights into a small compass ;— * Pharmaceutical Journal, July 1863, p. 8. T Ibid. p. 9. ON THE UNIFORMITY OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 107 System of Metric Measures and Weights. Length, Multiples. AIegi. 2... 10,000 elites es. 1,000 fectotn, .< .. 100 Mek. G0. 10 Units Métre. Divisions. 1D (cae Reo 1 Pent, iv... ‘O01 15) Wie 001 Surface. : ot Capacity. Weight. He 10,000 1,000 1,000 100 100 10 10 Litre. Gramme. rl. ‘1 “01 ‘O01 001 It will be observed that the multiples of the unit, im each case, are designated, in the metric system, by Greek prefixes: —Myria, 10,000; Kilo, or Chilio, 1000; Hecto, or Hecato, 100; Deka, 10: whilst the divisions of the unit, in each case, are expressed by Latin prefixes :—Deci, [th; Oenti, -}>3 Milli, ae eee T000° The English equivalents to the measures of length and capacity, and to the weights, according to the metric system, are thus given :— Metric Measures of Length, with English equivalents. Metric Names. English Equivalents. Millimétre (1-1000th)........ Centimétre (1-100th) ........ Décimétre (1-10th).......... AMBOMIGHICn Moret, Vee euctic alters ee "ys Dékamétre (10 métres) Hectométre (100 métres) Kilométre (1000 métres) ..... inches. 0:039 0-394 §-937 39°37 feet. inches. yards. 3 3371 - 1-094 32 9-708 10:936 109-363 1093:633 Metric Measures of Capacity, with English equivalents, Metric Names. Centilitre MUMMIES 77 Tals id gle «oqgh Ga lady as ' | Dékalitre (10 litres) Hectolitre (100 litres) Ce oc ee ore coe ee English Equivalents. quart. 0-880 gallons, quart. Hone 2 0-804 22 0:039 108 REPORT—1864. Metrie Weights, with English equivalents. Metric Names. Avoirdupois. Troy. cwt. qrs. lb. OZ. drams. | grains. 1 décigramme (1-10th)....] ...... 2 = om pete rea eaee 1-543 DO GQUABOME “aoe 4 0s rcjerin wih es , a» shies Apes tlh ced petal ples teaeeme 1 dékagramme (10 grammes)) ...... * winsogteee ere foil eee 1 hectogramme (100 grms.)) ...... vies: Hee 1 kilogramme, or kilo (1000 TINNED) ath a dS Raoul Soe gor 2:205 1 myriagramme (10 kilos)..) ...... 22-046 1 metric quintal (or 100 MEIN OS ys herent Scko'si ets 1 3-874 1 metric tonne (1000 kilos)) 19 2-736 Professor Chevalier, in his evidence to the Committee of the House of Commons on Weights and Measures, states his opinion that some objections may be made to the Gramme as the unit of weight. “It is very small: perhaps it would have been better to have taken the kilogramme; but such a change can be easily made. If you think our measure of weight is too small, in case you adopt the system, you may take the kilogramme” (observes the Professor) “for the unit.” The metric system of weights and measures has been adopted, not only by France, but by Italy (except the portion under Pontifical government), Spain, Portugal, Belgium, and Holland; it has been partially received in Switzerland, which adopts the half-kilogramme as the pound. The majority of the States composing the “ Zollverein,” or Customs League, in Germany, have expressed their approval of the metric system. The half-kilogramme has been introduced into all great mercantile operations in Austria. At the International Statistical Congress, held at Berlin, in September 1863, thirty-three nations of Europe and America were represented by statistical delegates, and the congress agreed to the following fundamental resolution on weights and measures :— «The adoption of the same measure in international commerce is of the highest importance. The metric system appears to the congress to be the most convenient of all the measures that could be recommended for interna- tional measures.” A commission of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg has recommended that such alterations should be made in Russian weights and measures as would put them in conformity with the metric system of France. The Grand Duke Constantine, brother of the Emperor of Russia, is in favour of the metric system; and Dr. Kupffer, a delegate from the Russian govern- ment, has declared that Russia would recommend the adoption of the pure metric system, if Great Britain would take the lead. “‘We wish England,” said Dr. Kupffer, “‘to take the lead. England is a country of prior civilization. Let England do it, and we are sure to follow.” In the new Belgian law on weights and measures, the units of the metric system have been extended by adopting the doubles of each unit, and of its multiples and subdivisions. The Belgians have also adopted the principle of having weights representing 50, 20, 5, 2, and 1; and they have followed a ON THE UNIFORMITY OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 109 similar arrangement with regard to measures of length and measures of capacity. In Holland the law requires the use of the metric system in all things, except weighing medicines. The old Dutch names, such as “elle” and “palm,” are preserved in the metric tables ; the “elle” is the metre (3-2809 feet), and the “palm” the decimetre (or 3-937 inches). A “kan” in Holland is the name for a litre, or 1760 pint. In weights, the “ons” is the Dutch name for a hectogramme*, or 3:527 ounces; and a “pond” corresponds to the kilogramme (=2:205 lbs.). In Spain the government has purchased 600 sets of metric weights and measures, and it intends to buy more, so that it may supply each important town with standards for comparison. On the Spanish railways, distances are measured by kilometres, and weights by kilogrammes. Tables are published containing the equivalents of the old Spanish weights and measures in metric quantities, and calculated in each case from 1 to 1000, Official tables are published in Portugal, containing Portuguese measure- ments in metrical quantities, and vice versd. Inspectors of schools, appointed by the general superintendents of weights and measures, have inspected 2720 public and private schools, and schools are established under the same super- intendence to explain the new systemt. A great number of elementary works have been published in Portugal on metrical weights and measures for the use of schools, as well as for the public. In the United States of America a committee has been appointed by Con- gress to consider the subject of metric weights and measures. The Confede- rate States of North America have also expressed a wish to introduce into their republic the metric system of weights and measures; and the same system has been adopted in Mexico, Chili, Peru, New Granada, Bolivia, Venezuela, and French and Dutch Guiana. Mr. Samuel Brown, in his evidence, in 1862, before the Committee of the House of Commons on Weights and Measures, states, that in 1859, of the total trade of Great Britain, including 79,405 vessels, there were 47,393 vessels going to or from countries using the kilogramme, or about 60 per cent. of the total number of vessels; and of 19,332,174 tons, there were 7,726,148 tons carried to or from countries using the kilogramme, or about 40 per cent. of the total tonnage. Postal arrangements between Great Britain and France are complicated by the French weight for letters being somewhat heavier than the English foreign weight. An English ounce weighs 28-349 grammes; and the quarter of an ounce, or English foreign weight, weighs 7:087 grammes. In France the postal weight for single letters from England is 7:5 grammes; so that the French allow an excess of weight of -413 of a gramme, or more than 1rd of a gramme more than the English. If a letter be prepaid by stamps, the advance is 4d. in England for every quarter of an ounce, and 40 centimes in France for every weight of 73 grammes. The postal treaty between the two countries declares that “no letter, of _ which the postage is paid by stamps, is to be treated as an insufficiently paid letter, unless the value of the stamps be less than the amount required for its payment, according to the weight allowed, not only by the English, but by the French scale of weight, of which 73 grammes is the unit.” In practice the postal officials in London weigh letters going to France, and * Woolhouse’s ‘ Weights and Measures of all Nations,’ p. 79. + The Marquis d’Avila’s Report, quoted in Ruggles’s ‘Reports,’ p. 64. 110 REPORT—1864. paid by stamps, with French weights. Sir Rowland Hill informed the House of Commons Committee, that if the prepaid letter does not exceed the French allowance, no additional charge is levied; if it does exceed that allowance, it is marked as insufficiently paid. Local letters in France are charged by a scale similar to that of England. It begins at 15 grammes, then it advances to 30, then to 60, and then to 90 grammes, and so on. Ten grammes are equal to nearly ird of an ounce, 15 grammes are a little more than 3 an ounce, an ounce being 28:349 grammes. The use of metric weights and measures has recently been legalized in Great Britain ; and the Act on this subject has been passed in 1864, “for the promotion and extension of our internal as well as our foreign trade, and for the advancement of science.” Mr. William Ewart, M.P., has ably conducted this measure through the House of Commons; Earl Fortescue has had the successful charge of it in the House of Lords; and the Bill has been also supported by the International Decimal Association, in whose labours Mr. James Yates has taken an active and leading part. The investigations of the Committee of the House of Commons on Weights and Measures, in 1862, have assisted in forming an influential parliamentary party in its favour. Various recommendations were made, in 1862, by the House of Commons Committee, at the close of their Report, among which were the following :— “That a Department of Weights and Measures be established in connexion with the Board of Trade. «The metric system should form one of the subjects of examination in the competitive examinations of the civil service. «The gramme should be used as a weight for foreign letters and books at the Post Office. “The Committee of Council on Education should require the metric system to be taught (as may easily be done, by means of tables-and diagrams) in all schools receiving grants of public money. “The Committee further suggest that, in the public statistics of the country, quantities should be expressed in terms of the metric system, in juxtaposition with those of our own, as suggested by the International Statistical Congress.” It will be satisfactory to notice that, in a Report in 1862, by Mr. J. Ball, published by the British Association for the Advancement of Science, *¢On Thermometric Observations in the Alps,” the temperatures are given according to the Centigrade scale, the corresponding temperatures according to Fahrenheit being frequently added in brackets. Sometimes the observations in this Report merely record the fluctuations of the mercury in the Centigrade thermometer. Observations may, in like manner, be easily registered, both according to the English and French scales of temperature, and the fluctuations of the barometer may also be noted so as to be intelligible both in France and Great Britain. ; At the end of Mr. Dowling’s “ Metric Tables,” a comparison of the scales of Fahrenheit’s, the Centigrade, and Réaumur’s thermometers is given, as well as a comparison of the British and metric barometers, the latter con- taining the equivalents, from 27 inches to 30-98 inches, in linear inches and millimetres. Under the head of Chemistry, in the Matriculation Examinations of the University of. London, candidates are frequently asked, among other ques- oo & omy a . a ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND MIGRATIONS OF THE ENTOZOA. 111 tions, to convert a given number of degrees of Fahrenheit into the corre- sponding degrees of a Reaumur or a Centigrade thermometer. Sir William Armstrong remarked, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in his address to the British Association in 1863, that our thermometric scale had been originally founded in error: he regarded it as most inconvenient in division, and advised that the Centigrade scale should be recognized by the numerous men of science composing the British Association. The distinguished President of the British Association stated his regret that two standards of measure, so nearly alike as the English yard and the French metre, should not be made absolutely identical. We in England, observed Sir William, have no alternative but to conform with France, if we desire general uniformity. He was convinced that the adoption of the deci- mal division of the French scale would be attended with great convenience, both in science and commerce. He could speak, from personal experience, of the superiority of decimal measurement in all cases where accuracy is required in mechanical construction. In the Elswick works, as well as in some other large establishments of the same description, the inch is adopted as the unit, and all fractional parts are expressed in decimals. <‘‘ No diffi- culty has been experienced in habituating the workmen to the use of this method, and it has greatly contributed to the precision of workmanship. The inch, however, is too small a unit, and it would be advantageous to substitute the metre, if general concurrence could be obtained.” Report of Experiments respecting the Development and Migrations of the Entozoa. By T. Spencer Cossouv, M.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., Lecturer on Comparative Anatomy at the Middlesex Hospital. Ar the Cambridge Meeting of this Association in 1862, I offered a brief résumé of the principal facts then known in relation to the origin and mode of development of the Entozoa liable to infest the human body; but, not- withstanding the very interesting discoveries which Continental observers had made on this subject, it still appeared that there was room for further inquiry. In this view I proposed to institute a series of experiments, partly for the purpose of verifying previously recorded statements, but. more par- ticularly with the intention of adding to our stock of helminthological facts. The General Committee, in approval, sanctioned and encouraged this pro- position ; and I therefore proceed to explain the nature of the experiments adopted. Though the results arrived at exhibit, for the most part, a nega-= tive aspect, yet in some instances the reverse of this is the case, whilst, under any circumstances, the facts are calculated to prove more or less instructive, and all of them tend to advance a department of science in the progress of which our present and future social welfare is deeply concerned. I have not, indeed, limited my inquiries to particular human parasites, but have employed all such helminthic forms as I have been able to procure in a satisfactory condition for experiment. In this country, and especially in London, great difficulties are placed in the way of any one engaged in biological pursuits involving the keeping of dogs and other animals ; and, last year (1863), these obstructions were, I fear, somewhat enhanced by certain misguided individuals who seem to entertain the idea that physiologists delight in the practice of cruelty. The destruction of game by the sports- man, the capture of fish by the hook, and the slaughte? of domestic animals 112 REPORT—1864. for food are attended with far more inconvenience and misery to the creatures thus destroyed than obtains, in the majority of cases, where animals are sacrificed on the altar of science; for, in the latter case, not only are the experimental animals generally destroyed suddenly, but, in those instances where the act of life-departure is more prolonged, the employment of anesthetics is frequently made use of. Believing, however, that it is not necessary to offer any further apology in favour of the experi- mental methods commonly adopted in our biological inquiries, I now proceed to notice the several species of Entozoa which have been made the subject of investigation. 1. Tenia echinococcus——Of all the mischievous parasites known to infest the human body, none are capable of producing such dire results as those affected by the larve of this very minute tapeworm. I will merely add, that it is not only the cause of the formidable Echinococcus-endemic in Iceland, but that it also in this country destroys many persons annually. On the 30th September, 1862, I fed a house-dog with several hundred Echinococcus-heads (scolices), obtained from the body of a young person who had been destroyed by this parasite. On the 28th of November of the same year I killed the dog, but could discover no trace of the Tenie to which these larvz are believed to be referable. On the 14th January, 1863, I administered five small Echinococcus- vesicles to a dog which ate them greedily. Similar administrations were also made on the 24th of the same month, and again on the 6th of February. To the results likely to be obtained from these experiments I looked forward with considerable interest ; but, on the evening previous to the day I had appointed for the dog’s destruction, some person liberated the animal. Should the experiments in this case happen to have been successful, the freedom of the dog could only serve to spread abroad the very formidable disease which it is the object of these experiments to check. Those, there- fore, who are hostile to our researches should bear in mind that interference with our pursuits may be attended with results seriously affecting the welfare of the community. On the 2nd of February, 1863, I fed another dog with several Echino- coccus-vesicles taken from the lungs of a sheep; and, on the 6th of the same month, I repeated the dose with very fresh cysts. On the 25th of February I also destroyed this dog, but found no examples of the cha- racteristic Zenie. The animal would not have been destroyed thus early, only I feared losing it altogether from the cause above mentioned. On the 6th of February, 1863, I gave about fifty Echinococcus-scolices to a puppy. This animal was destroyed on the 10th of March, 1863; but, so far as the Echinococci were concerned, the result was entirely negative. On the 28th of March, 1863, I administered to another dog scrapings from the interior of a large Echinococcus-cyst, which, associated with several other vesicles, had caused the death of a second person. The first patient came under the medical care of Dr. Greenhow, while this case belonged to Dr. Murchison. On the 9th of April following the animal was destroyed ; but I had not succeeded in rearing the Z’wnia echinococcus. Had the para- sites been present in this or any other of the dogs thus carefully examined, I am confident they would not haye escaped my notice, especially since the possession of specimens of the adult tapeworm kindly sent me by Professor Leuckart, of Giessen, had rendered me familiar with its characters. 2. Tenia serrata.—This well-known species infests the dog in its adult stage, the larve being, beyond all dispute, the well-known pea-shaped ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND MIGRATIONS OF THE ENTOZOA. 118 hydatids (Cysticercus pisiformis) commonly found in rabbits. I offer the fol- lowing facts, therefore, partly in confirmation of previously ascertained results. On the 21st November, 1862, I administered to a dog one immature Cysticercus-vesicle taken from the abdominal cavity of a rabbit; and to the same dog I also gave, on the 24th of the same month, four mature examples of Cysticercus pisiformis taken from the mesentery of another rabbit, one of the larve being injured. On the 28th of November the dog was destroyed; and the result gave three examples of immature Tenia serrata, each measuring about half an inch in length. Their size indicated clearly whence they were derived, whilst the non-development of the injured Cysticercus, as well as that of the imperfectly developed larva, is sufficiently accounted for, and accords with my previous experience. On the 19th January, 1863, on the 6th of February, and again on the 23rd of the latter month, I administered several mature examples of C, pisiformis to the dog, which was subsequently liberated, without my being able to ascertain the result of my worm-feedings. On the 20th February, 1863, I gave to another dog eight immature larve taken from the abdomen of a rabbit; and again, on the 6th of March suc- ceeding, two mature larvee (C. pisiformis) were given to the same dog, This animal was destroyed on the 18th of March, and the result was entirely satisfactory. There were two examples of Tenia serrata, each about four inches in length, none of the migrating or immature larve having continued their development. On the 27th May, four fresh Cysticerci from a rabbit were given to another dog, which, on being destroyed on the 3rd of the following June, was found to contain four examples of Tenia serrata. In this instance, I believe, only one of the Cysticerci had developed into its strobila-form, one being about three inches in length: the others were upwards of a foot long, and could not, I presume, be referable to the three other larve. This experiment, therefore, was partially negative. 3. Tenia marginata.—On the 5th November, 1862, I fed a monkey with eggs of this worm; but he swallowed only a very small portion of the potato in which I had placed them. The destruction of the animal on the 5th of February, 1863, only yielded a negative result. 4. Tenia cucumerina.—On the 3rd November, 1862, I fed several cock- roaches (Blatta orientalis) with mature proglottides of Tenia cucumerina. Subsequent careful dissections of these insects, at various intervals, failed to reveal the existence of Cysticerci within their tissues. On the 7th of November, 1863, and again on the 12th, I fed other Blatie with proglottides and eggs, mixed with sugar, treacle, potatoes, and bread ; but these administrations only gave negative results. On the 20th January, 1864, I removed a proglottis of the so-called Tenia elliptica (in the act of migrating) from the external surface of the body of a eat. I placed it on glass, and noticed that it discharged eggs during its movements. The proglottis was subsequently broken up and mixed with paste. Five or six Blatte were next captured; and, on being brought in contact with the food, they very soon devoured the paste and all the enclosed fragments of the proglottis, including the eggs. Forty-two hours afterwards I dissected one of the larger cockroaches, and found at least one hundred tapeworm eggs in its stomach. Tach egg contained a six-hooked embryo. ‘There were one or two empty shells; but I did not succeed in finding a free embryo. Here the experiment ended; for the other Blattce ely made their escape a few days afterwards. 64. I 114. REPORT—1864., 5. Distoma hepaticwm.—On the 6th of January, 1863, numerous eggs from the uterine tubes of one dozen flukes were placed in a jar of fresh water containing living vegetable matter (Anacharis). An examination of the contents of the glass, on the 16th of March, revealed the presence of many empty egg-shells, and others with immature embryos in their interior. On the 13th April following, all the embryos had apparently escaped ; but they were not found in the water. Possibly they had been devoured by Entomostraca. On the 6th January, 1863, a quantity of flukes’ eggs were administered to a frog; but a subsequent examination of the reptile, after death, only gave a negative result. 6. Ascaris osculata.—On the 11th October, 1862, sections of two female nematodes, taken from a seal, were given to a dog. The seal had recently died, its stomach containing upwards of 200 ascarides. None of the eggs in these worms contained embryos ; but the yelk was undergoing segmentation. Subsequently, eggs of this parasite, containing embryos, were also given to the same dog, and likewise, at a still later date, several free embryos. On destroying the dog, November 28, 1862, no young nematodes could be detected in its intestines. On the 31st October, 1862, numerous eggs containing embryos were given to a dace (Leuciscus rutilus) and to a goldfish (Cyprinus auratus). On the 3rd November following, the dace was killed, without my finding any trace of the ova; but on the day following (Noy. 4) I destroyed the gold-carp, and found in its intestinal canal numerous empty egg-shells of Ascaris osculata. In the large tank, however, I sought in vain for these minute embryos. On the 29th October, and on the 4th November, 1862, many eggs con- taining embryos were administered to frogs. Two of these Batrachians were subsequently examined (Nov. 10), without my finding either ova or embryos in their interior ; but the water of the large glass vase which had imprisoned the frogs was found to contain a number of empty egg-shells of Ascaris osculata, a8 well as numerous living embryos, apparently referable to these ova. On the 4th November, 1862, eggs with embryos were given to several freshwater fishes (gudgeon, carp, and dace); but the subsequent destruction and examination of some of these fishes only yielded a negative result. On April 13th, 1863, several free embryos of A. osculata were adminis- tered to a dog, which was afterwards destroyed on the 3rd of June. No young ascarides, however, could be detected. On the 11th October, 1862, when I first procured the adult ascarides from the seal, some of the ova were placed in a glass jar of fresh water containing Chara, others in jars of salt water supplied with Zostera. On the 15th of the same month, none of the ova appeared to have undergone any material change. On the 29th (18 days) the majority of those placed in the fresh water had developed into embryos within their shells, and not a few had escaped free into the water. At the same date, however, the eggs placed in the salt water had made comparatively little progress. Their yelk-seg- mentation had certainly advanced; but no embryos could be seen. One solitary empty shell was foundin the salt water ; but this may have resulted from injury. On the 7th November, some of the free embryos in the fresh water were found to display signs of growth, and one of them showed a tolerably well-developed digestive apparatus. On the 2nd of the following December, a large number of the embryos in the fresh water had either ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND MIGRATIONS OF THE ENTOZOA. 115 perished or had been devoured by Entomostraca present in the jar; others were found at the bottom of the vessel inactive, stretched out, and apparently dead. By this time (December 2nd, 1862), the development of the salt- water ova had much more advanced; the yelk had, in many instances, become transformed into embryos more or less complete, and several of the latter had quitted their shells. On the 13th of April these embryos had acquired well-marked digestive organs, and I thought I could discern the rudiments of an internal reproductive apparatus. They now exhibited a condition corresponding with that which the freshwater embryos had obtained at so early a period as the 7th of November. In other words, the freshwater embryos at one month (after immersion of the ova) were as far advanced as the salt-water embryos at six months. I do not attempt to explain this; I can only speak to the facts as they were presented. On thé 16th of July, 1863, all the freshwater embryos had disappeared ; a few dead ova, with dark granular contents, lay at the bottom of the jar; and there were a great number of empty shells, with parasitic algoids growing from their outer surfaces. In the salt water, on the 23rd September, 1863, there were still many eggs containing segmented yelks, and others with fully formed embryos, these being likewise associated with numerous free living embryos. On the 25th of April, 1864, I still found some embryos alive in the salt water ; but I could not discover any traces of the original eggs. The move- ments of the young worms were tolerably free, the largest specimen measuring about =, of an inch in length. A careful search, made on the 21st of July last, failed to reveal any evidence of their existence ; but as it is quite possible that one or two may still be living, I have retained the contents of the jar for subsequent final examination. _ 7. Ascaris marginata.—On the 25th February, 1863, a quantity of eggs were taken from the uterus of a full-grown female, and placed in fresh water supplied with Anacharis. On the 16th of July following, most of the ova appeared to contain embryos, which were moving freely within their shells ; but none were found to have escaped. On the 23rd September, 1863, similar facts presented themselves ; and although I detected no free embryos, there were, nevertheless, several empty egg-shells at the bottom of the vessel. The same conditions were still observed on the 20th April, 1864; but when I last examined the water (July 21, 1864), one or two embryos were found free. 8. Ascaris lumbricotdes—On the 8th December, 1862, a large number of ova were placed in a jar containing fresh water. By the 13th of March many of them appeared to have reached an early stage of embryonic forma- tion, and then to have perished. 9. Ascaris megalocephala.—On the 24th of April, 1863, several thousand eges, in some of which yelk-segmentation had commenced, were placed in two jars containing fresh water and Anacharis. On the 17th of the follow- ing July, a large proportion of the eggs were found to inclose well-developed embryos ; but none were observed free. On the 23rd of September, not only were there a quantity of empty shells in both vessels, but also a correspond- ing number of free embryos, some of which appeared to have grown con- siderably since quitting the ege. On the 18th of July, 1863, some of the immature eggs, as well as eges containing embryos, were placed in a small vessel containing pond-mud (thin clay). On the 23rd September following, I found the mud to contain many eggs still undergoing yelk-segmentation, others with immature em=' 12 116 REPORT—1864. bryos, some few empty shells, and several highly active embryos adhering by their finely pointed tails to the glass slide on which the mud was spread out. The whole aspect and behaviour of these embryo nematodes differed very markedly from those of Ascaris osculata, and also from the young Anguillule. The digestive organs were well developed in several; but at least one specimen was dead and disintegrated internally. I could not satisfy myself as to the existence of any rudiments of a reproductive apparatus. On the 18th of July, 1863, I also placed some of the aboye advanced eggs in muddy pond-water, to which I added some cowdung. This was also examined on the 23rd September, when a few empty shells were seen, their former occupants not being visible. Most of the eggs contained segmented yelks and young embryos. On the 25th of April, 1864, the same conditions were still observed: none of the embryos had escaped. At the aboye-men- tioned date (July 18), ova were also put into another jar of pond-water, with horse-dung added. In this case (September 23) a few living embryos were detected, free and active. On the 25th of April, 1864, I found the eggs still segmenting, a few with embryos; but none of the latter were observed free. At the same period (July 18) other eggs were deposited in simple horse-dung; and here also (September 23) a few embryos had freed themselves of their egg-covering, and were still living. On the 25th April, 1864, I found numerous embryos free, active, and much grown. On the 23rd December, 1863, I still found the majority of the eggs in the fresh water (of April 24th), with their embryos coiled in the interior and alive. One free embryo was particularly active, and there were several empty shells. On the 25th April, 1864, they still seemed to have under- gone no material change, and I did not on this occasion observe any free embryos. As the free embryos of A. megalocephala, reared in horse-dung, had, on the 4th of January, 1864, attained considerable size, and likewise exhibited traces of the sexual organs, I washed them out of the excreta; and, after straining through muslin, they were placed in a large jar with the water employed in separating them. . My next object was to administer part of them to a horse, with the view of rearing the sexually mature worm. This was done on the 26th of April, 1864; but here again I was prevented ascertaining the result. The horse, becoming violent and vicious (from other causes), was slaughtered on the seventh day after the worm-feeding ; and, by another mischance, I was also prevented from examining the intestines. When I last examined the ova first placed in fresh water on the 24th of April, 1863, many of them still displayed living embryos in their interior, whilst hundreds of embryos were found free; the latter, however, showed no further advance in growth, and were by no means so active and healthy- looking as those contained in the jar of impure water. I satisfied myself, moreover, that these last were a trifle more advanced in development. 10. Oxyuris vermicularis.—On the 22nd December, 1862, numerous eggs were deposited in the substance of the pulp of two partially rotten pears and one decayed apple. I had not noticed embryos in any of the eggs at the time of their lodgment within the parent oviducts; but, on examining the fruits ten days later (January Ist, 1863), I found many of the ova to contain the characteristic tadpole-like embryos of Oxyuris. On the 13th of March following, none of the embryos appeared to have escaped their shells ; but when I again examined these pears and the apple, on the 17th and 18th of the succeeding July, I found multitudes of minute nematodes which, at ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND MIGRATIONS OF THE ENTOZOA. 117 the time, I referred to the ova and embryos in question. To add strength to that conclusion, I noticed a number of empty egg-shells of Owywris amongst the loose and decayed vegetable parenchyma. These little nematodes mea- sured about =), of an inch in length, but their form did not correspond with the shape of the Oxyuris-embryo. The contents of one of the pears and the apple were subsequently employed in new experiments; but the other pear, which had now become thoroughly rotten and of a blackish-brown colour, was retained for the purpose of preserving these young nematodes. On the 23rd of September, 1863, I again examined this pear, and found a consider- able number of the nematodes which had scarcely advanced in length or breadth. On the day following (24th) I had an opportunity of showing them to Professor Leuckart, of Giessen, who considered it possible that they might be the young of Oxywris, notwithstanding their little resemblance to the tadpole-like condition of the embryo as it exists in ova. He suggested the probability, however, of their being Anguillule, and was resolved to satisfy his doubt on this score by repeating my experiment. It is known that Anguillule may suddenly make their appearance in decaying vegetable matter under similar conditions to those here recorded: but it seemed rather singular that they should appear in such remarkable abundance in the three specimens of fruit specially selected for my experiment. The fact that empty egg-shells were found in the pear, associated with the equally im- portant fact that, before I introduced the eggs, I took the precaution to examine the partially decayed pulp of these fruits, and ascertained that no Anguillule or other nematodes existed in them, appeared at the time to warrant the conelusion that the nematodes in question could only be refer- able to Oxywris vermicularis. I have, however, since satisfied myself that they were true Anguillules (A. pyri, T.8.C.)*. On the 18th July, 1863, a portion of decayed pear, containing the Anguil- Inles, was placed in cowdung. This mass, though inclosed in a jar, became very dry at the surface; but on the 23rd September, when it was carefully examined, several of the young nematodes were still alive, though very little advanced in size. One, which appeared dead and rather smaller than the others, still measured only the =), of an inch. At the same date (July 18) others were placed in the same material, with water added, and here also I subsequently (September 23) found a few inactive individuals. One appeared to be quite dead, its parenchyma having degenerated into a mass of large fat-globules. At the same date (July 18), several Anguillules were placed, with portions of the pear, in a small jar of pond-water. Numbers of these were after- wards found (Sept. 23) at the bottom of the vessel, stretched out and exhibiting very few signs of vitality. They displayed traces of a pharynx, but the intestinal canal had not developed. Their bodies only contained a quantity of fine granules. At the same date (July 18) a considerable number of the Anguillules were * Having recently forwarded specimens to Mr. Henry Charlton Bastian, F.L.S., that gentleman (who has specially and most successfully devoted his attention to the free nematoids) has informed me (December 30th, 1864) that he recognizes two distinct spe- cies from the pear. They belong to his genera Apheleuchus and Plectus respectively, “two out of the four genera whose members possess extraordinary tenacity of life.” He proposes to call the one Apheleuchus pyri, leaving the other at present undescribed. The portions of pear which I forwarded were perfectly dry and brittle; and in confirmation of iny statements respecting the vitality of the nematodes, Mr. Bastian remarks, in a letter to me, as follows :—“ After soaking for a few hours in water they resumed all their acti- vity, as you had observed.”—Jan. 21st, 1865. 118 REPORT—1864. mixed with simple moist horse-dung, which was also examined (September 23), with the following result ;—Many were found alive, one or two being active, but most of them closely coiled upom themselves in various ways. Those that were stretched out and apparently lifeless were afterwards seen to moye slowly their slightly curved tails. In one example the digestive tube, from mouth to anus, seemed well developed and complete, and in none of them did there appear to be any traces of decomposition. On the 5th of October, 1863, I re-examined the Anguillules in the pear and found them still alive, The longest measured ;},”. On the 28th October, 1863, I commenced a new series of experiments (ten in number), with the view of verifying the previous results. I again procured a considerable number of perfectly fresh eggs, containing embryos, and placed them in pcrtions of decayed apples and pears ; and in all cases I examined these fruits with high magnifying powers, previous to my employ- ing them for experiment. In no single instance could I detect the presence of Anguillule, or any other kind of animal parasite, within their parenchyma. On the 30th December, 1863, I re-examined the apples and pears, which had all become mouldy. In none could I find any free embryos; and the contents of the eggs appeared to have perished, the eggs themselves having turned to a yellow-brown colour, I strained off the pulp in water, for sub- sequent examination, before finally abandoning this series of experiments. On the 4th January, 1864, I commenced another series of experiments, with the view of again testing the results above mentioned, I procured two partially decayed pears and one apple, and (having by careful microscopic examination satisfied myself that they contained no animal parasites of any kind) I inserted seyeral entire female Oxyurides, and also a few loose ova, into each. A very large proportion of the eggs contained the characteristic tadpole-like embryos. On examining the decayed fruits, on the 20th April, 1864, I could find no trace of the embryonic Oxyurides ; neither were there any Anguillules. These several sets of experiments appeared sufficient to establish the fact that we cannot rear the eggs of embryos of Ovyuris either in fresh or in de- caying vegetable matters. The presence of Anguillules in the original experiment must be regarded as accidental; but as their development is not without interest, I may, before dismissing the subject, further observe that, on the 30th December, 1863, I reexamined one of the pears, which was first employed for experi- ment more than a year previously (December 22nd, 1862). In the pulp (which was perfectly free from mould, though still in a loosely closed vessel) I found large numbers of Anguillules in every conceivable stage of develop- ment, from the early free embryo, measuring ;,", to the sexually mature condition, measuring j.”. Some of-them contained a single egg. There were also a few discoloured Oryuris-eggs, with dead granular contents, and a considerable number of free Anguilluline ova. These latter were pale, almost colourless, and contained: actively moving embryos in their interior, totally unlike those of Ovyuris. On the 20th April, 1864, hundreds of the Anguil- lules were still living. They were still living on the 21st of July last, and, I have no doubt, are yet in the enjoyment of an active vitality. _ Eges of Oxyuris, containing embryos, placed in water on the 22nd Decem- ber, 1862, and others again on the 4th of January, 1864, failed either to develope further or to set free their embryonic contents. On the 5th October, 1863, I placed some full-grown female Oxyurides in pure fresh water, On examining the water (December 23, 1863), I found ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND MIGRATIONS OF THE ENTOZOA. 119 that a large number of the eggs had escaped (probably by the bursting of the worms), some of which contained the characteristic tadpole-like embryos. I could not, however, find one single embryo, although there were hundreds of empty eggs and broken-up egg-shells. One embryo presented an appear- ance of central division—the only instance I had seen up to the date in question. From a subsequent and final examination, it was clear that the yelk and embryonic contents of all the ova had disintegrated, sometimes causing the shell to burst. On the 2nd of January, 1863, I fed a monkey (Macacus) with numerous eggs of Oxyuwris, containing living embryos. On the 11th of February this animal was destroyed ; but there were no young Oxyurides discoverable in its intestinal canal. At one time I almost looked for a positive result, as the monkey displayed marked signs of anal irritation after the worm-feeding. On the 10th and on the 14th of January, 1863, fresh eggs of Oaywris, in which the characteristic embryos were well developed, were administered to a large goat. This animal was destroyed on the 21st of January, without furnishing any other than a negative result. 11. Strongylus armatus.—On the 9th of March, 1863, I placed a quantity of the eggs of this species in a jar of fresh water, without any vegetable matter. On examining the contents of the jar, on the 16th of the following July, I could find no embryos, ova, or entire egg-shells; but there was a quantity of granular débris at the bottom of the vessel. 12. Prosthecosacter infleaus.—Through the kindness of Mr. Kiel, I received, on the 19th of October, 1863, the lungs of a porpoise which had just died at the Zoological Society, Regent’s Park. The lungs were quite fresh, and plugged throughout by the presence of multitudes of this parasite. After examining the ova very carefully, I placed a quantity of them, already con- taining incompletely developed embryos, in salt water; and I also mixed some of the bronchial mucus of the porpoise (which, besides eggs, contained several free embryos) with salt water in a separate vessel. On the 23rd December, 1863, I carefully examined the contents of both jars. In the jar originally containing eggs only, I found one egg with an embryo still coiled within it, many of the other eggs having apparently dis- appeared, leaving a very small quantity of débris, partly consisting of shell- fragments. Two living embryos were detected, severally measuring about +4;" and j,’. They displayed a tolerably complete digestive apparatus ; but there were no certain traces of sexual organs. There were a few speci- mens of Euplotes travelling about. The jar containing eggs and young displayed, at the same date of exami- nation, several active embryos in all respects resembling those above men- tioned, and also an astonishing number of animaleules (Huplotes). But there were also several larval nematodes of much larger size, and yet possi- bly belonging to the same species. There were, it is true, some slight differences, possibly due to their more advanced growth. They measured about =1,”. On 25th April, 1864, I found both jars to contain living embryos, those mixed with frothy mucus from the bronchi being more numerous and much more largely developed. The longest specimen, developed from the ova, measured no more than =1,” in length. When I last examined the contents of these jars (July 21, 1864), both still contained living worms, the larger specimens reared from the egg still measuring only 1, of an inch. The largest embryo from the jar containing 120 REPORT—1864. the frothy mucus measured, as before, about =4,”, and displayed, moreover ; vy ’ ; 30 ? P ’ ’ rudimentary traces of male reproductive organs. Report on the Physiological Action of Nitrite of Amyl. By Brensamin W. Ricuarpson, M.A., M.D. Tue Report which I have the honour to lay before the Physiological Section springs out of a short paper read at the Newcastle Meeting last year, entitled «On the Physiological Action of the Nitrite of Amyl.” In that paper I stated a few preliminary facts, to one or two of which I would again briefly direct attention, in order that the present audience may be enabled to follow the subject, connectively, from its commencement. The nitrite of amyl is a fluid of amber colour, and having a flavour and odour of over-ripe pears. It approaches, in fact, in matter of flavour the acetate of oxide of amyl, the substance commonly sold under the name of essence of pears. The composition of the nitrite is C,,H,,NO,+HO. It is made by the action of nitrous acid gas on fusel oil—amylic alcohol. The fluid, when pure, has a specific gravity of 913, and it boils at 182° Fahr. It is soluble in equal parts of chloroform, pure alcohol, and ether. Diffused through the air in a chamber or jar, the vapour of nitrite of amyl extinguishes flame unless it be largely diluted with air, or unless the flame be introduced slowly. Under the latter circumstances the vapour ex- plodes in a sharp puff. Placed so as to diffuse through a closed bottle or jar with phosphorus, it prevents the oxidation of the phosphorus. Placed in a closed jar with animal or vegetable substances, it acts like am- monia, ether, chloroform, and alcohol in preventing decomposition. As an antiseptic it is equal to ammonia, but is less active in this respect than chlo- roform, ether, and alcohol. It also is objectionable in that it destroys the colour of both vegetable and animal structures, turning the vegetable reds brown, and giving to the muscular tissues of animals, first a pale white, and afterwards a dirty brown appearance. Puystcat Errect on Drap Organic Marrers. I have made a large number of experiments to determine the antiseptic power of the nitrite, of which I may give a few illustrations. Observations.—Series 1. Five minims of nitrite of amyl were placed in a glass jar capable of receiving 40 cubic inches of common air. A rose with leaves attached to the stalk was next placed in the jar, and the stopper was inserted. In a few minutes the green colour of the rose was turned of a dirty brown, and the red colour, moving at first to violet, lapsed also after a time into brown. After the colour was in this way destroyed no further change followed, and the flower remained in the jar for nine months without undergoing the slightest decomposition. This experiment was repeated with mignonette, calceolarias, leaves of camellias, and other plants; the results were the same. Observations.—Series 2. The viscera of animals and portions of the mus- cular structure were placed in jars capable of receiving 100 cubic inches of air. Into each jar was then poured half a drachm of the nitrite of amyl, and the jar was closed. The effect in every case was to change the animal ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF NITRITE OF AMYL, 121 tissue of a whitey-brown colour, which in time became dark or dirty looking, Decomposition of the tissue was, however, arrested, and I haye several speci- mens of a pathological character which have been thus preserved for six months. In the extreme heat of the past summer, I placed in jars of equal size two frogs that had recently died; the jars were lightly covered with cloth substance, and each one was covered to the same extent. Into one jar was poured ten minims of the nitrite ; the other was left untouched. The frog in the jar that contained common air only was rapidly decomposing in six hours, and on the following day was putrid. The frog in the jar through which the nitrite was diffused in vapour was quite fresh three days after, and remained fresh so long as the smell of the nitrite could be detected, showing that it had not entirely evaporated. When the odour could no longer be perceived, signs of putrefaction were observed in the animal, and these gradually ad- vanced, but the change was very slow, and the body dried up at last rather than putrefied. Observations.—Series 3. Specimens of blood were drawn into open glass vessels, containing proportions of nitrite varying from one to fifteen per cent. in respect of the blood drawn. The blood thus charged coagulated in the usual manner and in the natural space of time ; it became, however, of a dirty red colour. Set aside in the open air, serum escaped from the clot; but the upper surface of the blood, instead of soon becoming of a bright red from the absorption of oxygen, remained long dark. In proportion to the time of escape of the nitrite the blood remained free from decomposition, and the period of change in each vessel (five vessels were used) varied precisely according to the degree with which the blood, while in the fluid state, was charged with the nitrite. So long as there was distinct odour of the amyl-compound there was no change. ‘The first sign of change, which even in the specimens containing the lowest charge was never observed before six hours, consisted in reddening of the upper surface of the clot ; then softening followed, decom- position, and fluidity. In the heat of summer I found blood containing fifteen per cent. of the nitrite remain unchanged for five days. The same observations were made on simple albuminous fluids, on fluids from animal cysts, and on saliva and certain other of the excretions. We gather from these experiments that nitrite of amyl, like chloroform, alcohol, or other bodies to which reference has been made, arrests by its pre- sence the change known as decomposition, preventing by catalysis the com- bination of oxygen. That the nitrite itself remains undecomposed admits of ready proof, because it can be re-collected; and that it does not combine with the structures or parts of the structures which it preserves, is shown by the fact that the process of decomposition is set up only as the nitrite makes its escape by evolution. PuystoLocicaL EFrrrcts oN LIVING ORGANISMS. EFFrEcts ON THE SKIN. Observations.—Series 4. When nitrite of amyl is applied to the cuta- neous human surface and held in close contact with it by being placed under oiled silk or tinfoil, it produces after a brief period some injection of the vessels, and a slight tingling sensation with heat. If the skin be previously moist- ened with water for a long time, the effect of the nitrite is somewhat increased ; but at no time is the action so rapid and marked as is that of chloroform or turpentine. To test the relative powers of the nitrite and of chloroform, I 122 f REPORT—1864. placed a pledget of bibulous paper an inch square, and saturated with nitrite, on one of my arms, and covered the paper with thin metal. On the other arm I placed a similar pledget saturated with chloroform, and covered it in the same manner. The nitrite, retained on until it was quite dry, produced only pale redness and slight irritation: the chloroform caused great pain, so that I had some difficulty to keep it on, intense injection and redness, and some excoriation of skin. At the same time I may observe that the nitrite is undoubtedly absorbed by the skin. To prove this, I applied it to the skin of a frog by immersing the hinder limbs of the animal in a solution of it. In a few minutes the symptoms which markedly characterize the action of the substance, viz., violent circulatory action followed by prostration, were developed. I also applied some of the substance to my own skin, carefully retaining it in con- tact over a six-inch surface: during the application the pulse rose, sensa- tion of fullness in the head followed, and other signs which will be more fully described in the sequel. Observations.—Series 5. Administered by the mouth the nitrite is com- paratively slow in its action, but very decisive. Administered to rabbits in doses of five, ten, fifteen and twenty minims, and in more potent doses, its effects are striking. It admits of being readily given in tincture diluted with water. In five-minim doses it produces on these animals temporary excitement. The circulation is quickened, the breathing is quickened, the pupil is dilated, and the animal is restless ; the symptoms subside in from five to ten minutes, and no harm seems to have been done. Im doses of ten minims the symptoms are the same, but more marked. In doses of twenty minims, after the stage of excitement has passed away, depression follows, and continues seyeral minutes, and there may be feeble convulsive action, but the animal recovers. There is no indication of vomiting. In drachm doses the nitrite is often fatal to dogs, cats, and rabbits. The symptoms induced are violent action of the heart, rapid breathing, wide dilatation of the pupil, convulsions, not clonic but quick, and after an inter- val of a few minutes rapid collapse and paralysis of motion. The heart falls in its beats to a minimum, and the breathing may be reduced to one re- spiration in two or even four minutes. To appearance, in fact, the animal is nearly dead. It lies like an animal profoundly narcotized with chloroform, but still it feels. When it is touched at any part or lightly pinched, it winces instantly if it has the power to move. The period of death is usually pro- longed; and often when the animal seems so nearly dead that recoyery appears hopeless, it continues still to breathe, it throws off the nitrite by the lungs, and ultimately recovers. Observations.—Series 6. Administered by inhalation, the effects of the nitrite are elicited with remarkable precision and quickness, and the pheno- mena are amongst the most striking, perhaps are the most striking of any I have seen in all my large physiological experience. Ifa piece of bibulous paper be formed into a tube, and if an expanded end of the tube be made to absorb two or at most three minims of the nitrite, a surface sufficiently charged for inhalation even by the human subject is obtained. If the tube, charged as directed, be held about two inches from the nose, and respiration be carried on in the usual manner, the following symptoms rapidly show themselves. The action of the heart is suddenly and greatly increased, so that in one minute I have counted it rising eighty beats; the breathing also becomes quickened ; the face becomes deeply suffused with blood, the suffusion extend- ing over the whole face, down the neck, and in persons who are bald, more or ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF NITRITE OF AMYL. 128 less over the head. The eyes are also injected, and occasionally fill with tears ; the pupil slightly dilates, and over the suffused surface there is sensation of heat, described by some as burning heat, and by others as mere tingling. When these symptoms are at their height, a peculiar sensation is felt in the head, a sensation of tightness across the forehead, of fullness, giddiness, and prostration, but with no acute pain, The agent being taken away, the effects cease rapidly. I have now witnessed these effects on more than two hundred ocg¢asions, and have experienced them myself forty times: I can pronounce them abso- lute and valid phenomena, in no way dependent on mental excitement or fancied excitement. They are nevertheless developed differently in intensity in different persons, and they even slightly differ in the same person on different occasions. I will give briefly two examples. On Mr. Kempton, a friend who has inhaled the vapour many times, the effect on the heart is so rapid that it can be felt after the first three inhala- tions. His pulse will rise from 72 to 105 in ten seconds, and he is conscious of pulsation in every large artery in his body. His face becomes as red as vermilion, and is not only subjectively but objectively heated, On Dr. Gibb, after inhalation a quarter of a minute, the pulse rises during the following quarter minute eight beats, and during the next quarter twenty beats ; rising successively from 68 beats per minute to 76 and 88; the face meantime becomes greatly suffused, and giddiness is experienced. In both the gentlemen named, the pulse comes down to the natural standard in two minutes after cessation of the inhaling process. On myself the symptoms are almost identical with those presented by Dr. Gibb. In one instance I was so unhappy as to see the inhalation carried to the extreme of danger. An incredulous friend seeing a bottle of the nitrite on my library mantelshelf, during a minute in which I was absent from the room, opened the bottle and commenced inhaling from the mouth. When I returned I found him walking the library still inhaling, his face and neck red as raw beef. In spite of all I could do, he would continue, till as he said he felt some effect, While I was using forcible efforts to get the bottle from him, he suddenly gave it me himself, and became speechless. I shall never forget the gallop of that man’s heart. As he leaned against a table, the table vibrated and recorded visibly the pulsations. He panted for breath as one who has run to the extremity: I could not get him to move reasonably, and had the greatest difficulty in leading him into the open air. In a little time the excitement declined, and was succeeded by depression and partial loss of power; but fortunately he slowly recovered, and I do not think he was any worse for his misadventure; although, being a stout middle-aged man, I feared that during the excitement some “mischief might have happened to the vessels of the brain. In the anxiety of looking after this gentleman, I did not count minute by minute the pulsations of the heart ; but the action was at one time 130 per minute, and the violence was extreme: both sounds were lost, or rather they occurred so quickly that the ear could not distinguish them, and the rapid motion communicated a peculiar synchronous tremor to the upper limbs. My friend explained to me afterwards that his first sensation was that of burning in the face, but that he thought this arose from laughing ; that the next thing he felt, and which at length alarmed him, was the hearing the pulsations of his own body very loudly and painfully. Then he felt a pecu- liar powerlessness which could not be described; but at no time did he lose either sensation or consciousness. I estimated, from the loss in the bottle, 124: REPORT—1864. that this gentleman had been exposed to the vapour derived from the escape of twenty minims of the nitrite, much of which necessarily was lost by dis- tribution in the air. In a long series of experiments I have submitted animals to the inhalation of the nitrite, and with the most interesting results. I must, at the risk of being tedious, give the salient points of observation. Into a jar capable of receiving 200 cubic inches of air, a large healthy frog was placed, and ten minims of the nitrite were slowly introduced. The animal, after exhibiting violent vascular action with reddening of the feet, sank into a condition which so closely resembled death, that I thought it was dead. At 11 o’clock at night it remained the same (the experi- ment was made at 8 p.u.), and I laid it aside as dead; but I was struck with one fact, that the eyelid was not contracted, as is common in these ani- mals after dissolution: on the following morning, upon going into the labo- ratory, I found the animal alive and as active as though nothing had happened to it. This observation led me naturally to make many inquiries as to the con- dition of frogs during this state of suspended animation; and I found little difficulty in obtaining a repetition of the phenomenon. The experiment usually succeeds well, and the suspension of animation may, under proper supervision, be sustained even for days. In one case an animal came back to consciousness after nine days. The experimentalist must, however, be prepared for some failures. Thus, if the frogs are not fresh and strong, if they have been kept in confinement for some weeks, and are thin and feeble, the experiment will fail ; or if after the cessation of motion the animal is left too dry, so that he loses water, the experiment will not suceeed ; or if the amount of amyl-vapour given is too great, the experiment may not succeed. In six cases where the animals recovered, I made numerous observations. Examining the web of the foot, I found that there was no sign of circulation there. Laying open the thigh muscles and exposing them to continuous galvanic current as well as to the induction-current, and to shocks from the positive conductor of the friction-machine, I found no evidence of irritability. Exposing the muscles to water warmed to various degrees, from 70° to 120° Fahr., there was no evidence of irritability. The only circumstance that would lead an observer to infer that death had not actually taken place, was that the limbs remained flaccid. In cases where rigor mortis came on, although the animals would lie for many hours without undergoing decom- position, they never afterwards showed signs of irritability, but ultimately became flaccid and decomposed. On warm-blooded animals the nitrite produces conditions similar, but not so extreme in character. Administered gradually by inhalation to a strong rabbit until complete prostration was induced, I laid the animal on a table and found that the respirations were reduced to one per minute. The limbs were flaccid and motionless ; and when they were moved and were laid in any given position, there they remained. : The pupils were widely dilated, and the red portions of the body, as the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyelids, were absolutely white ; the action of the heart could not be felt, nor was it certain that the motion could be heard with the stethoscope. Cer- tainly the two sounds were lost. In this condition, breathing softly but sharply once in sixty or eighty seconds, the animal continued for two hours ; then the breathing gradually rose. In three hours and a quarter the action of the heart could be felt by the hand; in three hours there was movement of the limbs, and in five hours the animal had recovered so as to be able to ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF NITRITE OF AMYL. 125 move. The animal, whenever he had the power, winced on being touched, and showed signs of consciousness. In an experiment performed by Dr. Gibb and myself, a cat was rapidly struck down by being placed in a thousand cubic inch jar through which the vapour from one fluid-drachm of the nitrite had been diffused from a surface of bibulous paper. Death took place in two minutes. The animal was re- moved and was watched with great care, but the breathing had ceased. The pupils were dilated to their fullest extent. After a time we laid open the chest. On exposure to the air, the heart was found contracting most vigo- rously, and soon the muscles of respiration also commenced spontaneously to contract, moving the ribs, and disturbing the abdominal viscera. The dia- phragm contracted very steadily, and a muscle of the thigh, on being laid bare, did the same. These contractions actually continued spontaneously from twenty-four minutes past twelve until forty-eight minutes past one in the day—a phenomenon which has I believe never before been observed after death in any of the muscles of warm-blooded animals except the heart. Respecting the heart itself, in this case it continued contracting on the right side when all the other muscles were at rest. To observe the local action of the nitrite on the heart, we gradually instilled three minims of it on the right auricle. The muscular structure soon became of a dirty white, but the contractions continued. At seven in the evening the auricle, with a seg- ment of the ventricle, was still contracting five times in the minute; at ten o’clock it was contracting in the same way, although the lower limbs of the animal were rigid from rigor mortis ; at twelve (midnight) it was contracting at the rate of two per minute; at one it was reported by Dr. Henry as con- tracting strongly from one to two beats per minute; at five a.m. I found it myself contracting three times in a minute and a half, and at eight it made a contraction on being touched with a needle. Jor many hours before this all the other muscles of the body were rigid. Thus there was witnessed the strange phenomenon of muscular contractility in the heart while all the other muscles were rigid; and of muscular contractility of the heart for nearly eighteen hours after what would technically be considered the death of the animal. Observations—Series 7. If instead of administering the nitrite of amyl through the skin, by the mouth, or by the lungs, it be injected under the skin with a hollow needle, it exerts its influence in the same way, and leads, though more slowly, to the same symptoms. From an injection of twenty minims decided symptoms are induced in such animals as rabbits, cats, and dogs, but after a time they recover. In the case of a young cat, Dr. Gibb and I slowly instilled twenty minims of the nitrite under the skin, and when the first symptoms had subsided we instilled twenty more. The result was that the animal fell into a powerless condition, but continued to breathe. Four hours after the last instillation it was the same, and was breathing six times in the minute. Eight hours afterwards, the upper and lower limbs and the muscles of the neck being rigid, it was breathing once in two minutes, and the respiratory motion did not absolutely cease for two hours later. Observations.—Series 8. Local effects of the nitrite. I have made some very minute observations on the effect of the nitrite upon the capillary vessels of the web of the frog’s foot. The results are very uniform and decisive. A few seconds after the web is treated with the nitrite, the capillary vessels are seen to dilate to more than twice their natural calibre, and the rate of motion of blood is immensely quickened. After an interval of fifty or sixty seconds, the vessels become tortuous as from irregular contraction of their walls; then 126 REPORT—1864.. there follows a decided narrowing of the vessel at its minutest part, which continues until at last the vessel becomes indistinct, and all motion of blood is lost, except a faint oscillation in vessels which are running transversely into a main current. These experiments were confirmed by observations made by my friends Dr. Henry and Mr. Yeats. Observations.—Series 9. On the blood. The blood of animals destroyed by the nitrite may always be smelt as charged with the substance. On a large animal that had been killed by the injection of forty minims, I drew off an ounce of blood from the right side of the heart into a flask, and on inha= ling from the flask, absorbed sufficient of the nitrite vapour to induce the specific signs of its action. The fluid, however, in no way interferes with coagulation, but, as I have said before, it arrests oxidation and decomposition. On the corpuscles it exerts a powerful osmotic action. It has no effect on them in the way of dissolution, nor does it, when added to them, destroy their form or modify the central depression, but it reduces them to half their ordi- nary size, leaving them well defined and capable of running together in the ordinary and natural way. From these narrations of experiments we may learn, in brief, the following facts in reference to the physiological action of the nitrite of amyl. 1. It is absorbed by the bodies of animals however introduced into the organism—by the skin, by the stomach, by the lungs, by the cellular tissue. 2. After its absorption its effects are seen immediately on the heart and circulation ; there is in the first instance violent action of the heart with dilatation of the capillaries, followed by diminished but not extinguished power of the heart, and contraction of the extreme vessels. As an excitant of vascular action, the nitrite of amyl may be considered the most powerful agent as yet physiologically discovered. 3. On animals, such as frogs, whose bodies admit of its removal sponta- neously, and whose circulatory and respiratory systems are simple, the nitrite suspends animation, and when the animals are placed under favourable con- ditions for the process of recovery, they may recover after considerable periods of time. There is no other known substance that suspends animation in these animals for so long a period. On warm-blooded animals, which are clothed in thick and less penetrable:skin, and in whose bodies the circulatory and respiratory systems are more complicated, the nitrite cannot actually stop the movements of respiration and circulation without destroying life. But even in these animals it can without destroying life reduce the forces of respiration and circulation so extremely, that a condition precisely analogous to what is known as trance or catalepsy in the human subject, can be brought on and sustained for many hours. 4, The nitrite of amyl is not an anesthetic. By it consciousness is never destroyed, unless a condition approaching to death be produced. 5. The effects of the nitrite on the organism are directed to the motive force, which it first wildly excites and then subdues. 6. The modus operandi of the nitrite appears to be by arresting the pro- cess of oxidation in the tissues. 7. Physically the nitrite holds a place between the volatile bodies, such as chloroform, and the solid bodies, such as opium and woorali. Hence its effects are less evanescent than those of the very volatile substances, and less certainly destructive than the solid substances. In this lies the secret of its prolonged action. ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION OF NITRITE OF AMYL. 127 ParnoroeicaL Errects or THE Nitrite or Amyt. In cases where the nitrite of amyl is carried to its extremest effects, the appearances of the internal organs present some modifications. The appearances are not the same in every instance, but vary according to the mode in which the substance is administered. If it be administered very quickly, the lungs and all the other organs are found blanched and free of blood, the right side of the heart is engorged with blood, and the left side is empty, the brain being free of congestion. If the substance be administered slowly, the lungs are congested, the brain is congested, and blood is found both on the nght and left sides of the heart. The organs of the body are also of a dirty reddish-brown colour, and the_blood is similarly discoloured, no distinction in colour existing between the arterial and venous bloods. Notwithstanding the violent action of the heart, I have never seen rupture of any vessel nor extravasation of blood. The inner lining of the blood-vessels is unchanged, and the valvular mechanism of the heart maintains its integrity. It is to be remembered that these observations have all been made on healthy animals. Compartson or Errects or tHe Nitrite with orner AMYL-comPoUNDS AND OTHER Bopres. Observations.—Series 10. I have compared the action of nitrite of amyl with certain other of the amyl-compounds, but I haye not had sufficient time to complete this line of research, each new compound opening up for itself a new field of observation rich in variety. As yet I have only tried the com- parison with amylene and acetate of amyl. Amylene differs from the ni- trite in that it acts as an anesthetic ; butit resembles the nitrite in exciting the circulation in a minor degree and in causing redness of the skin. The symptoms produced by amylene are, however, very transitory as compared with those following the use of nitrite ; there is this in common, that neither of them entirely destroy consciousness, but amylene destroys sensibility, which the nitrite does not. I once saw Dr. Snow give amylene to a boy who was being subjected to an operation, and who was playing with a ball the whole time. The acetate of amyl, in comparison with the nitrite, seems to me to produce a more marked local and a less severe general effect. It causes on inhalation, not only redness of the face, but swelling and soreness of the mucous surfaces, without any violent excitation of the heart. From chloro- form the nitrite differs in that it does not produce anesthesia; and the same remark applies to ether, the monochloruretted chloride of ethyle, nitrous oxide gas, Dutch liquid, turpentine, and ammonia, although it resembles all these in that it excites the circulation in the early stages of its action. The only substance which approaches the nitrite in action is woorali, a vegetable compound which is much the same in its elementary composition. Woorali produces less preliminary excitement of the circulation, it paralyzes more determinately all the muscles except the heart, and being a solid substance, possessing no means of escaping from the body except in solution, it is more slowly eliminated. Woorali and the nitrite have, however, this in common, they produce paralysis of the extreme filaments of nerves before they influence the central portions of the nervous circuit. Cavsz or rue Raprprry or tax Crrecvtation UnpER Nirrire oF AMYt, Why the nitrite of amyl should produce such suddenly increased action of the heart is a point of great physiological interest. I thought at first that [28 REPORT—1 864. this must be an effect primarily manifested on the blood, then on the heart, and through the increased impetus of the heart, on the capillary circulation. It was, however, soon apparent that the injection of the capillary system was too quickly developed to be a sequence of mere overaction of the pulsatory power of the central organ of the circulation, and the experiments on the web of the frog’s foot settled the question, I think, absolutely. It is possible that the action of the nitrite is exerted immediately upon the extreme fila- ments of the vaso-motor nerves, and that the heart beats quickly, because the resistance to its force is taken off by the dilatation of the minute vessels which it supplies with blood. At the same time the vascular currents of the heart itself are quickened, and its movement is intensified proportionately. On the facts so far presented in this Report, two questions call for a mo- ment’s consideration. The first is:—Whether we ought dogmatically to deny the possibility of placing the human body in such a condition that it may for some hours, or even some days, assume the appearance of temporary death? We are conversant of rare cases of disease, called cases of trance or catalepsy, in which life, seeming for an interval suspended, is restored: we have heard of other cases in which it is said that certain natives of India who are called Fakirs, produce, by some secret art, an imitation of death so de- terminate that the most intelligent are deceived. I cannot but feel, after what I have seen in the experiments on which the present inquiry is based, that the explanation of the cataleptic state admits of a better solution than ever before it did, and that the validity of the Fakir experiment is rendered, at the least, probable. I doubt not that in catalepsy there is formed in the body itself a chemical substance which, without actually stopping the motions of the heart and of respiration, suspends them so nearly that passive life only is carried on, and that this condition is continued until such time as the sub- stance is removed from the circulation. I conceive it is also quite reasonable to presume that the Fakir holds in his hand some substance derived from the vegetable world, which, more effective than the agent that has been before us this day, possesses the power, when introduced into the body, of suspend- ing the common signs of animation for a certain number of hours, and that ‘in this borrowed likeness of shrunk death” the facts of the phenomena are presented and explained. The second question is:-—Whether, from what we have learned in this in- quiry, any knowledge may be gathered relative to the application of the nitrite of amyl as a remedy in disease? I have been too closely and intently oceu- pied in the task of obtaining elementary facts, to devote time to the practical elucidation of this important point. But, subject to further and better ex- perience, I should infer that in cases where in a healthy organism sudden death is apprehended from failure of the heart, as for example in syncope from severe pain, fright, or inhalation of chloroform, the cautious administra- tion of the nitrite by inhalation might call into action the failing organ and give it time to recover from the shock to which it has been subjected. Again, I believe that in tetanus the nitrite might be employed with advantage. Paralyzing the extreme filaments of nerves, and reducing the muscular power of all the voluntary muscles in the same manner as does woorali, the nitrite © possesses advantages over woorali which the man of science will at once recognize. It is more easily administered; it does not necessarily destroy the power of the muscles of respiration, and it is much more easily removed from the organism by excretion. It might therefore in tetanus, for which there is now no remedy, be employed to suspend the violent spasm, and give the system time to {2:1o;7 off the primary evil. Physiologists have long felt - BA Report Best Aaron 1804 oS we | NABURN Lock; | 4 The strony horisntal Kine sn wach section, repwnrents the wwe ey fest OF the gou.at Liverpost, ar given in the oritnance tevebs ion Cy cele _ L oo The dotted tine in each ancton. repearents the zero 36 tide gouge: on | | if co The shirk vertiest Uner represent midinught . i ao fi fa Fe = sits . | pili TAA: 3 Sestestesesssoesresnssss| Engraved by Lowey a fails ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 129 that in tetanus thisis the direction in which to move, and practice has shown that whenever recovery does take place from tetanus, it has been in rare cases where time has been gained, in cases, that is to say, where the sufferer has lived through the acute stage of the terrible ordeal to which he has been subjected. As regards the mode of administration of the nitrite. It may be given by direct inhalation ; it may be given by inhalation in combination with chloro- form and ether; or it may be given by the mouth as an alcoholic tincture in doses of three, five, or ten minims, or even in larger doses, according to the effects produced. It would of course be the safest plan to use it in small doses at first, and to keep up the effect by frequent and cautious repetition. In the course of preparing this Report, many new lines of inquiry have suggested themselves, and many temptations to leave the immediate subject and to explore new paths and promising fields of discovery have been offered. The examination of the whole of the amyl series of bodies in a physiological point of view is particularly important. In this series there is probably to be found another and safer anesthetic than chloroform: in the same series we may hope to find bodies analogous in their action to quinine; and other bodies more potent in suspending animation than the one to which I have invited attention to-day. But I had one object before me, and that itself has demanded undivided work. Should the labours thus far carried out be con- sidered by this learned body of sufficient importance to call for further and more extended research, I need only add that I shall feel myself the debtor of the Section in being again its servant. Report on Tidal Observations made on the Humber and Rivers Trent and Ouse, 1864. By a Committee, consisting of Jamus OLpuam, C.E.; J. F. Bateman, C.E., F.R.S.; Joun Scorr Russr, C.E., F.R.S.; and Tuomas Tuomrson. Your Committee for the above purpose, after reporting a series of tidal obser- vations made at Hull, New Holland, and Goole, at the Mecting of the British Association at Cambridge in 1862, were reappointed for more extended ob- servations, to be reported upon at Newcastle last year, but, owing to circum- stances over which we had no control, we were unable then to comply with the resolution of the Association; but as the question of the tides of the Humber and some of its tributaries was considered of importance in a scien- tific point of view, the request was again repeated, and we your Committee reappointed, with a grant of £50 at their disposal for the expenses attending our observations. Your Committee have now therefore to report to the Association that they have obtained tidal observations at Hull, at Gainsborough on the Trent, and at Goole and Naburn Lock on the Yorkshire Ouse. Those at Hull were obtained by your Committee from the Dock Company’s gauge at that place ; those at Goole from that of the Aire and Calder Navigation Company ; for those at Naburn Lock permission was kindly given to your Committee by the Commissioners of the River Ouse Navigation to use their tide-gauge; those at Gainsborough were made at a point on the town side of the river about 300 yards below the bridge, from a gauge which we procured and erected. The observations at each station were made at intervals of 15 minutes, and ea over fifty-four tides, commencing at 12 o’clock at noon on the 9th of . K 130 - -REPORT—1864. May, and ceasing at 12 o’clock at noon on the 6th of June of the present year, The books in which the whole of the observations were entered are herewith presented to the Association. In order, however, to give a more readily comprehended explanation of the results of our labours, the entire sets of observations have been drawn in sec- tion by contour lines, as will be seen by the accompanying drawings, also now presented to the Association. The vertical lines give the hours and minutes of the observed time of the tides in rising and falling, and the horizontal lines or divisions give in feet and inches the observed height of such rise and fall. The red line running through each section represents the datum line of the mean rise of the sea at Liverpool, as given by the Ordnance Survey Board, in the published work entitled “ Abstracts of the principal lines of Spirit Levelling in England and Wales, by Colonel Sir Henry James, R.E., F.R.S., &e.” The zero of the tide-gauge in each case is represented by a dotted line on the section above or below the red line, as the case may be: that of Naburn Lock is 1-680 feet above the said line; Goole is 3-823 feet below ; Gainsborough 3:140 feet above; and Hull 14:707 feet below. The tidal wave is represented by the blue contour lines. During the whole of the time the observations were being made the weather was not undaly influenced by either rain or wind, and therefore the tides were natural and of a regular character. The phenomenon as to the time of high water above a certain point of the Hull Dock gauge, referred to in the last Report, is again verified, 7. e. when the tide has reached the 16-feet mark of the tide-gauge above the dock-sill, or 1-293 feet above the mean rise of the sea at Liverpool, it then, in every tide, wants exactly three hours to high water. Tidal Observations taken at the Ship Lock, Goole, as to the time of high water after the tide has reached the 8-feet mark, by Mr. Thomas Kendall, Dock Master. Morning. Evening. State of Time when Time when| Differ- Time when Time when! Differ- tides. Dae, ee high water.| ence. duping high water.| ence. 1864. h “4 htm) } oh) om h m he? a) Pe Neaps . ./Aug. 10. 10 45 | 12 45 |} 2 0 re I 10°50 1250 | 2 0 fe 12)| 12 20 2°0O"| © 40 12 45 2 20a ie 3h eee 13.) 1 20 o LOL DP 65 2 Ocb. & 45>) 1 45 Springs 14., 2 20 4 40 | 2 20 3. (0 5 10 | 2 10 Ly 15.) —3 10 5 20 e210 3° 55 610°} 2 15 | Fe 16; 415 620° 12 8 4 40 7 WOi 2920 £ D7. 4°25 6 45. | 2 20 5 25 7 AB -f-2.20 oe US MGsD5 POO sR 225 6 10 Srls je2ics i; TOR G15 SunlG Ab 55 6 50 9 Q) pf 2k i 20., 6 50 8 55 |2 5 Tide 940 |2 5 3 A We a (as3 133 Gis 2 eo 8 25 10 30 |} 2 5 Neaps.. 29) 78.088 ED 25 ye A 9 10 11 20 | 2 10 i ; 23.1 9 10 11 30 | 2 20 10 O IBIS swe Lb wine arte 24., 10 10 12 20 | 2 10 11 15 Biase: of Fa hg ee SS eee ee eee ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 131 The fact exists; but the immediate cause of this occurrence your Com- mittee are still unable to determine, and must therefore leave the solutioa for further light and knowledge to be brought to bear upon it. The nearest approximation to this fixed law occurs at Goole, where we find that when the tide has reached the 8-feet mark of the tide-gauge, or 4-177 feet above the mean rise of the sea at Live ‘pool, the average time to high water, as observed over twenty-seven tides and recorded in the following Tables, is 2 hours and 6 minutes, but the extreme variation is found to ex- tend from 1 hour and 35 minutes to 2 hours and 25 minutes. Jn analyzing or redrcing the observations of the various stations, the fol- lowing are the results on the fifty-four tides in reference to the zero of each gauge :— Mean rise Highest tide | Lowest tide | Highest low | Lowest low Place. eae the above zero ofabove zero of} water above | water above re gauge. | gauge. | zero of gauge.| zero of gauge. ft. dn. Mii aha ft. ms ft. in. ft. in. Naburn Lock 6 4 10 11 4 10 4 3 Lene Goole". :. . LEO 16 9 LO” Si 3 10 2.3 Gainsborough} 5 8 8 11 3 0 3 0 0 OF Reger ote 16 3 26 4 20 3 10.4 4 5 The following Table gives the greatest rise of tide during the observa- tions above the Ordnance datum at each station :— Greatest rise above the Place. Ordnance datum. feet. Naburn Lock, May 9th, 1864 .............. 13°50 Gainsborough, May 9th, 1864 .............. ‘12-25 Goole; May 25th, 1864 wos cess ince cweus ones 12-93 Pal May 25th 1864. ieisids inovves wees ved « 11:63 i a ea a Tt will be seen by the above that the highest surface-rise occurred on the 9th of May at Naburn Lock and at Gainsberough, and that at Goole and Hull on the 25th of May. The excessive height at Naburn Lock and Gains- borough taking place on the above date, indicates a considerable flush in the rivers at the time from’ rains which had fallen previously in districts above the pointsof observation. The superior rise at Hull and Goole only indicates tidal influence. The following Table gives the time at each station the tides on an average require in rising and falling :— on ee Be I ELE ee a Place. Rising tide. Falling tide. Naburn Lock ........ 2 to 24 hours. 10 to 103 hours. FI 5 Sin ie, ead ne about 3 hours. about 97 hours. Gainsborough ........ 2 to 23 hours. 10 to 103 hours. Me A ato ae Ou rp sce | about 53 hours. | “about 62 hours. a K 2 182 REPORT—1864.. TaBeE giving the time of flood and high water at Naburn Lock, Goole, and Gainsborough after it is flood and high water at Hull. Place. Flood tide. High water. h m hm Nabumn Lock ..5. 25 cere» folie 3 50 (Calo) es ee a 8 15 125 Gainsborough ........ 6 20 2 50 The following statement shows the difference between the mean and extreme rise of the tides at Hull and Goole as taken in 1862 and 1864 :— Place. Mean rise. Extreme rise. fect. feet. PTS BS GDA. thts aleve e 16:95 27-92 MM S64. oe aes ssl 16°25 , 26°33 Difference .. “70 1:59 GoolesmS62. 05 48. .y.% 11:67 15:33 Goole, 1864 ....... += | 11-00 16°75 Difference . .| 67 1:42 By the above it will be observed that the mean rise at Hull in 1864 was less by -70 feet than in 1862, and that the extreme rise in 1864 was less by 1:59 feet than in 1862; and at Goole the mean rise was less in 1864 than in 1862 by -67 feet, but the extreme rise in 1864 was more by 1°42 feet than in 1862. In bringing their labours to a conclusion, your Committee confidently hope that, although they may not have shed any new light on the phenomena of the tides of the Humber, they may have established such data as may enable others to follow out the inquiry so as to lead to valuable results. Your Committee cannot close their report without expressing their great obligation to W. H. Huffam, Esq., and R. A. Marrillier, Esq., of Hull; Thomas Wilson, Esq., and W. H. Bartholomew, Esq., of Leeds; and Luke Thompson, Esq., of York, for the valuable assistance they have received from those gentlemen, ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 133 Tidal Observations taken at Hull, Gainsborough, Goole*, and Naburn Lock, May 9 to June 6, 1864. May 9.—1864. Hutt. GAINSBOROUGH. Goo.ez. Nasurn Locr. Time. |Tide.|Wind.|| Time. |Tide.|Wind.|; Time. |Tide.|Wind.|| Time. |Tide.|Wind. hom (ft. in. hm (ft. in. hm ft. in. hm |ft. in. 12 OP.MJI4 2 12 OP.M.|8 oO | ESE. ||12 OP.M.|II 3] ESE. ||12 OP.M./1I ro} XE. 15 13 4 15 Teo) 15 Io 9) » 15 Ir 4 30 12 4 30 70 30 TONG 2 aay 30 10 Io 45 |Ir 6 45 |7 3 45 gic); 45 |10 4 176 10 7 Io ve ee Io Qu (Gl, 10 9 II 15 10 c 15 6 11 15 On Z| Mes, 15 9 8 30 923 30 Gein 30 Sex0l 1, 30 9 4 45 a3 '7 45 |6 6 45 8 6 45 42 20 7 Io 2 0 6 3 2 6 8 2) .5, |} 2 0 8 6/\Deals up. 15 W's 15 ( Nae 25 yi tele eee 15 8 o 30 6 8 30/6 | 3° 7 7» 30 7 8 45 6 2 457) Se 8 45 Fs = loncia? 45 ZA Shae Bo (So) Chants: 5 6s 3.0 Gora. cs 3.0 Ce es 15 6 1 15 a 15 GAG bas, 15 6 11 30 652 30 Fgh 30 6.) 6) 5; 5° 6 9 45 6 10 45 |5 cB 45 6 3] » 45 6 6 4.0 7 TO 4.0 4 113| =F 4.0 5rd)" 3 4.0 6 4 15 8 11 15 4 10 15 ET hs Sa 15 6 2 30 10 © 30 4 9 30 5 7| » 30 6 0 AS 1. (TX 1 45 4 63) 45 5 Al oo» 45 5 Io] & Ss IZ 2 5 0 4a” 55 (eats) 5. 2 a 5 o oo ES jy (2a. 6 | Aas 15 411) 3, ENS) ay, 390/14 11 30 | 28 30 4 9 » 30 5 6 45 |16 3 45 4 of 45 4 8) £ 45 5 4 6 0 17 4 6 o “nO 60 aa} Glens 60 5.) 3 .B. 15 18 Io 15 3.10 15 Act Slee. 15 50 2 39 OER 3° 3529 $° 4 3) » 30 | eie) 45 |21 © 45 |3 8 45 4 1 3 45 411 7:0 21 11 7 Oo 3-63 Yano} oe SB i> 7 0 4 10 15 22 II 15 35.6 15 3 10 : 15 4 9 30 23043 3c gS 30 419 30 4 9 45 23 11 AS 1513.93 45 7 5} 1» 45 4 8 8 o 24 4! 8 o 3. 1: 8 o ue Cla se 8 o 4.9 15 24. 8 15 ope 15 Tibet 8) tse 15 4 6 30 24 II 30 aay 30 Uae ECT A (mee 30 4 6 fhe el ae Ms 45/3 © | 45. [13 41 os 45 4 6 9 0 24 10 9 0 250 9 0 TANS Glee 9 0 4 6 15 24 5 15 4 6 15 TA pO) secs, 15 was 30 23 10 30 6 oO 30 PEG 2 30 4 4 45 |23 3 45 |6 Io 45 7 tbe Opes 45 4 4 10 oO 22 5 10 o 7 iS 10 oO 1 ie ily Ma | oer a} 4 4 15 21 5 15 3 oO 15 Hirt ole eee 15 Aan 30 20 Il 30 8 3 30 CH al 39 6 2\)- 45/20 0 45 8 6 45 |14 11] 4 45 Tad Bir Oo rg 43 II o 8 9 Ir 0 TA 2 ss II oO 8 4 15 |18 3 a Poon aoe rairess. lt 35 g.49 3017 4 308g 30-12 og) 30 9 11 5m m.16 2 45P.M\8 3 45P.M.\I2 Cl 4, 45P.M.j10 6 —_ SSS * The observations are taken from the lower Sill of the Outer Ship Lock at Goole. 134 REPORT—1864, May 10.—1864. Hui GAINSBOROUGH. Goorz. Time. |Tide.|Wind.|} Time. | Tide.) Wind.|| Time, | Tide. h m_ ft. im. h m_ (ft, in. Wem.) | fb. _ in. IZ OAMJI5 5 12 OAM|7 11 | E. |}1z2 OAMJIr 4 15 ee) 15 ee 15 TONES 30 135 30 oath 30 TOLN2 45 12 6 45 |7 4 45 59 im Xe) i 70 G feig 2 Io 95 15 iL ao 15 6 11 15 co)n 30 Io 2 30 6 10 30 8 9 45 9 7 45 |6 7 45 UE 20 8 10 270 Grea 2 0 Sana 15 Bhs 15 6° 2 15 Tae S 30 7:9 go 6 30 7x05 45 pp 45 5,70 45 es 3.0 7 2 30 5 83 340 6 10 15 1 FC ON ie 9 15 6 6 3° 78 so 1 15. 8 30 6 3 45 8 3 45 yz 45 Spe 4 0 213 4 Oo |4 11 40 5 8 15 re) ae! 15 4 10 15 Bone gore tE tS 304 83 30 OE. 45 |12 3 45/4 62 45 aes BO ap Es +O gPO <4 5 5 0 4 10 15 |14 6 15 |4 43 15 4 8 30 15 8 30 3 11 30 4 6 45 |16 6 45 3 9 45 4 4 60 17 6 60 37 BENE. 16 Aen 15 18 9 15 Fhe oe 15 ANOT go. |19 20 3°35 30 4 0 45 20 10 45 3. 4 45 3.19 ROP EN 2EE SG jo meee S 70° 3 8 15 22 6 15 gr -2 15 Cpe 30 28) \.2, 30 ape 3 30 5 4 45 |23 8 45 38.¢ 45 6 10 8 o 24 2 S80. cn lge Oo 8 o 8 9 15 oa 47 15 Pai ire 15 10 4 30 24. 10 30 2 10 30 Tt eo 45 |25 © 45 |2 9 45 |12 8 Ms He Mi) ye 2 9 FS 13 ond 15 |24 7 #5. 12 15, But at 30 24 1 30 4 8 30 ite 45 [23 5 45 |G 0 45° 115 5 10 © 22 9 Io 0 6 8 Io O uc pae 15/22 0 MS 7 2s tS | rs. 19 go. j2r 1 30/79 B0'' 9 105 ay 45 [20 2 45 |7 113 45. | 75210 II 0 19 3 II oO 8 4 cm wo) 14 2 15 con 4S 15 87 15 Ng et 5 30 rie ty 30 8 83 30 12 8 45A.M./16 6 454.M./8 6 45A.M./II 10 Nasurn Lock. Time. 15 30 45 ryo 15 30 45 h m I2 OAM,/10 Tide. "f ie} = Leal eal =~ OW DN DY YwoPPU AHN cw OH OO HWS CO WH HW WO OW DOH YN DON OW OM Wind. N.E. HSA ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 135 May 10,—1864, Hutt. GAINSBOROUGH. GooLe. Nazsurn Locg. Tide.|Wind. | Time. |Tide.|Wind.| Time. | Tide.|Wind. || Time. | Tide./Wind. ft. in. h m _— j{ft, in. h m_ ft. in. h m_ ft. in. nS of 12 OP.M|8 oO |HN.E. |/12 OP.MJ/II 4) E.N.E, 12 OP.M.|IO 5) HE. 14 10 Laas 7 43 15 Io 9| # 15 10 8 139 20:9 |W eee 30 IO 3) 5 30 Io 7 13 0 £5 Snes 45 9 9) » 45 |kO 2 ae 1uc0:-t hula 48 Io 2) ued ito 9 6 NE, Be 35 15 6 6 15 Re 1Ol es; 15 9 © ID) 7 30 6 4 30 Cute ar 30 8 8 Io © 45 |6 1 45 8 4) » 45 8 4 Dp L2 2.40 5 113 | 2 0 Pee Sitll 1 45 2 0 8 0 8 7 15 ae, | 15 Te AINE 15 7 8 8 0 got iu 30 Te 3) Se g0.13 |g 18 77 45 |5 43 | 45 7 O » 45 phe i 30 Saee e Ba) ZG) IS) (ie ee) 7 O| NE. 6 0 15 5 of 15 Gur ‘bl B45 15 6 9 6 8 30 = 4: To 30 6 31 5, 3° hy 6 9 45 |4 9 45 5 Ii] » 45 6 4 7 2 40 |4 7 40 5 9} » 4 0 6 2 97 IC 15 4 6 15 ISAS oe 15 Ne) 8 6 30 4, 4 30 5 5| BSE. 30 5 10 9 6 45 |4 2 45 5 3) 9» 45 5 8 Io 4 Cie: Ay 50 BLO O, 5 0 5 6) & Be 4 5 15 40 15 4 IC) 3 iS Sha Tey 5 30 3 10 30 4 8 5, 3° B43 13 6 45 |3 9 45 4 6 4, 45 5 2 1A we 5|\ 6 60 3 $3] B.N.E. || 5 Oo ASL 42a 5; 6 0 mG) i; 7 15 ah 16 15 Ae 2\) si 1s 4 11 16 8 30 Be A. || Pte) ae Ol! ies 30 4 10 17 & a5 ksp.3 | 45 3.11) 45 4 9 Ties -7: (7 Maes 362 || 7.0 ZecLOlh ays Uli) 4 3| N.E. con 9 x5 8m = ee 2) 3a Ol as 15 4 7 20 8 30 |3,«o 30 3 7) » 30 4 6 21 5 45 |2 11 | 45 3 6 » |] 45 4 5 Be 2 8 0 22.00) 8 o Ag Ol Gy; 8 oO 4 4 2m 9 a5 239 15 5b 5) 2% 15 4 3 280) 2 30 2 8 30 Gee Ol Be 30 4 2 23:6 45 2m 6 45 Ser) v3 45 Ant 23 «8 9 0 2 6 9 0° TOs, 4)" a; ; ome) Pia ee 23 10 15 2 6 15 II 5) E.N.E. 15 4 1| NE. 23 Ic 30 2 6 30 D2gh'3)) ca, 30 4 0 23 07 45 |2 6 45 |12 13) 5, 45 3 10 2@ 2 I0 0 2500 Io Oo 1395 0|) eh; Io oO R69 22 6 15 |4 3 15 |13 11) 15 3 9 22 0 ZO toe te 3043) 30 3 8 21 5 45 |5 8 45 |4 6 4, 45 3 8 20 8 II o 6 0 II oO CASA 5 een} 0T -.O 3 6 1g I0 15 Gn 7 15 L4g>Cl, 3% 15 4 8 NE. 19 3 30 6 10 30 13=°9| NE 30 5 8 45P.M.|18 5 45P.M.|7 1 45 PMNEZ SB 355 45P.M.| 6 7 136 - REPORT—1864. May 11.—1864. Hutt. GAINSBOROUGH. Goo.E, Nasurn Lock. Time. |Tide.|Wind.|) Time. | Tide.|Wind.|) Time. | Tide.|Wind.|) Time. | Tide.) Wind. bh m_ {ft. in. lakemcstg es |biire, shay, h m_ (/ft. in. hh) a) its ead, 12 OAMJII7Z 7 12 OAM.|7 3] E.N.E. ||12 OAM.|II To] N.E. 112 OAM) 7 4| NE 15 re 7 15 7 6}: 15 eas RLS 15 8 o 30 15 6 30 RO 30 IT ).o}) Ve; 30 8 8 45 |14 8 45 |7 © 45 |10 5) a 45 9 2 Io rr) Io 6 Io Io 9 38] 3» be, 5 age? |33" C ye PRE. |} 35 9 3) » 15 OF 3 30 12 2 30 6 4 30 Seat! Oy Ad 39 8 11 45 |1l 7 45 |6 o 45 8 7» || 45 a7 2 0 10 8 20 5 of 20 S.gl. Se eelleek 8 4 15 TOs 15 Seas, 15 711) 4 15 7 10] NE 30 9 6 go 15 4 30 7 8, 30 715 45 D2 45 5 Op 45 7 4 » 45 ia: 0 yey 3 0 4 10 | 370 FO}, Ws; Eh ie 6 10 15 8 3 15 |4 92 | Bes 6 9 15 Sh 7 30 8 0 eR ar 7 30 6 5) “3 30 on 45 8 45 |4 4 | 45 6 2) 4 45 6 3 4.0 8 4 4.0 | |4 of 4.0 GRclT a. 4.0 Calc 15 8 9 15 3 113 15 5m Ol RS 15 5 1c 30 9 6 30 3 10 30 5b Of) eae 30 5 8 45 |I0 3 #5 £ 3h 9 45 Ce ee 45 ela ° mr 3 540 3 72 |5 0 Soest ee WESao 5 4| NE 15° )) 112% 2 5° 492. 6 | 15 4 Ic), 15 5 2 30° 27303 = gil Ebel | 30 4 3 5 30 “eles 45 |13 Io 45°" |36 3 ae 4 6 4 45 411 60 14 10 60 Be 25 60 Altai) a 60 4 Ic] N.E. 15 15 9 15 26 oT x5 4 2| E.N.E, 15 4 9 3016 og 3030 - || 30 4 oO » 30 4 7 45 17 7 45 |2 41 | 45 3.11) 5 45 4 6 wees ee 7 790 Ze 9 |7 0 3 9] » 17 0 4 5 5 |I9 7 15 |2 8 ts ES 32) 8I> hs; 15 4 4 30 |20 6 (> gor = lam 6 | 30 Bon Gl we 30 4 3 45 |21 3 oe en 2B | 45 oer ee 45 an 8 o 2200 | 8.0 oi Erie 8 o Ae an 8 o 4x4 15 22 6 | 15 2 3 55 5 4 ” 15 4 0 30 2217 30 ee 30 ORs 71h Gs 30 4 0 45 |23 4 45 |2 1 45 8 oy, 45 3°11 38 oh) gine: hte 12) be OP ar. Ss 9 0° 3 10 15 23 10 [eget pa {0} 15 Io 9] &E 15 3 9 30 23 11 30 I Il 30 TES) ook 30 eh te, 45 [23 8 [45> irerge 45 |12 6) 4, 45 g4 8 Io 0 OE ee |I0 0 I gf I0 o 1ge oe; 10 oO 3 8} =. 15 22 10 1 5 2 0 15 ey OS, Oe 15 g* 6 30 22 2 | 30 Am FO 30 eg ex ts 30 gh 6 45 [21 7 45° |4 9 45 |14 3] » 45 3 6 II 0 20 II II oO iy II o 14 4] E.S.E. |/1I 0 B05 15 20 3 15 Sea 15 TAME BS 15 grr 30 19 7 30 6 3 30 13 8] 30 Bieac 45A.M./18 Io 45AmM./6 8 AMA Ta MON 3.5 45 A.M.) 5 11 ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS, May 11.—1864. 137 GAINSBOROUGH. GooLe. Naszurn Lock. Time. | Tide.|Wind.|| Time. | Tide.|Wind. || Time. | Tide. |/Wind. he na)" fea h m = ift. in. bs ah fest I2 OP.M.|6 11 | ENE. ||I2 OP.MJ1I2 4] ESE. [112 OP.M.| 6 E, 15 phase 15 mu 8 15 7a 6 30 yaa) 30 TOUTE) 55 30 8 4 45 G6 45 TON Thess 45 & 8 rio or re Io TO) J f re ate) 9 0 15 5 Io | ae OWE Lt Mss 15 PORE) 30 Ce | 3° Cr ey Elo 3 30 8 Io 45 |5 6 | 45 8 10] ,, 45 8 5 2 0 Ear 20 Set GIP, ZG ue) |) Wao 15 [5 23 15 8 2) ,, 15 Tan 30 5 «Cy 30 Hie Xe) eda 30 Fea 45 |4 Ton 45 Thee WAI abe 45 Ta 8 EY io. 4 9 3 0 Ter ale sy 3,0 6 10 5 lt 7 15 POMS, 15 6 7 30 4 5 30 6 10) ,, 3° 6 5 45 4 3 45 ot ee |e 45 6 3 4.0 (4a 4.0 Gar”. 4.0 6 oO} z, ie 2s 4 0 15 GSE) ©, 15 5 10 30 3 10 30 Kage)! 5 30 Gye BG: 45 Bag 45 ig Wl liaeees 45 3, 3 5 0° ised Lye, 5 4 ” bo Bi ee 15 3 6 15 Bee Tl) ©: 15 tee: 393 48 30 4 10) ,, 30 Ly hy aed ae 45 4 8, 45 4.11 60 3 13] §. 60 Am Olt”. 6 0 i ats) | a eae 15 4 5) » 15 4 8 300 2 aT 30 4 3)» 30 4 6 45 |2 98 45 |4 1 4Ster| eer 5 7 0 2 8 7S Che LEE pee be) 4 4| NE a5 Clie 5 Be iSl Poss 15 Cae) 3002 «6 30 3 8 , 3° 4 1 45 5 15 343 30 20 4 30 Io 30 7 |: 30 Sal 45 20.9 45 wee 45 5. 4) o3 45 3 1 10 oO OTe} 2 10 Oo Oo 11 10 oO Ory Ole ans 10 oO Srl 15 21 4 15 ° 10 15 GTO), &,, 15 zim A: 30 ZIRT, 30 ° 93 30 Fe bole ots 30 3 O|_N.E. 45 |2r 8 45 jo 8 45 8 7)» 45 2 11 II 0 2h II 0 OF 7. II 0 Gu Gicas (zr 12 2 11 15 Pye Bs 15 o 63 15 QE10|" 15 2 Ic 30 en 30 Oo, 6s. 30 TOoS|S cay 30 2 10 45A.M.|20 IO 45A4.M.|O 9 45A.M./IO Io] ,, 45A.M.] 2 9 Hutt. ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. May 13.—1864. GAINSBOROUGH. Time. | Tide. ft, in. .|20 20 19 19 18 18 17 16 15 14 14. 13 Leal =] Leal | CON DAW ONT NU HPWO HW O NUmAT HNO DP O CONIO HW COOH DH COW OO DY ONINMW ON YD COHN Leal Lal Leal 12 12 II II 10 10 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 fe) II II 12 13 13 14 a5 15 i6 17 17 18 19 19 20 20 20 20 Wind.|| Time. hm i220 PM. Tide. e OO0O0O0C OF HH HHH Re Re ee RD YY YY YD YP NDWWWWWwWWWWH HHH HPwWWW DY DH DO owrODOMN ble wily ble wie i Lola! CO}ONW OO HHO OR HH WPAN DIO OF OH NP DI COO OOH ND OW DIO OW ble tole to tol tole re) aes ian) tole we Wind. | Goo. Time. jh m 12 OP.M.|1I 15 30 45 Te a5 Tide. ft. in. It cl Leal Leal se Lal 0 OWNWCO DOO OF ONWUNDAWO OWWNNO HYMNS WH HBPN OHNO HNO YD OPW CONNIN DYN 141 Nasurn Lock. Time. hm I2 OPM. 15 30 45 ri) 15 30 PYPYP NY NN NN YD NYPWWHHWNWHWHWWHWAHABHHPAUAUNUNUNDADAGADKHAP HWW VY VYynvnnp Tide.} Wind. ft. in. rT Lal OOH NWA DN COO HO HWP DYNO OWN HH HPWH DOWW CHO NI COLO 142 REFORT—1864. May 14.—1864. Hott. GAINSBOROUGH. Goo.e. Nasvurn Lock. Time. |Tide.|Wind.|| Time. |Tide.| Wind.|| Time. |Tide.}Wind.|| Time. |Tide.} Wind. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. I2 OAM.|20 7 12 OAMJo 7 | N 12 OAM.) 8 6] S.E. |[12 OAM) 2 6 15 20 5 15 o 8 15 9* GC], 15 2G 30 2G. to 30 1* 53 3c 9° 6) “% 30 cag 45 wey OS 45 ame) 45 et 45 ae) Io 19 7 Io 2°46 LN) TORE) ro 25 15 TH 2 15 gis 15 70'\6) 15 214 30 18 Io 30 Beas 30 TO" 7| “4h 30 2 4 45 |18 5 45 |3 7 45 |10 5) 5 45 2 4 2 0 17 9 2 0 4 0 2 0 Io oO ” 2 0 2 3 15 79g 15 4-0 15 ger} Ss 15 2 6| N.E. 30 16 5 30 3 11 30 OF 3| “h 30 2 10 45 175 40 45 |3 9 45 8 8) ys 45 3 2 $0 7 155. 1C ee i Re 38 8 4 » | 3 0 3 6 15 TAD 1's 15 3 6 15 7 11) N.w. 15 3 9 3013, 8 me 18. a0 ER Te 30 | 4 4 45 Ey he 45 3 22 45 7 3) » 45 4 9 40 12 6 4.0 shag! 4.0 TELO| sos 4.0 5 1| Calm. 15 II Io 15 Ewe) 15 Gig) G 15 lsh 30 Im 5 30 2 10 30 6.6) “ 30 $3 45 |tr 2 45 |2 8 45 6 cl 5 45 411 50 10 8 5.0 Z* Of 5 oO 5"hg| “3; ane) 4 9 15 10 6 15 ane 15 5° )Gl, Sas 15 4 6 30 115) 30 eee 89 WS Pah os 39 4 4 45 if 4 45 2 13 45 ia ie 45 4 3 6 0 Io 5 lt © is 7 alt > Ni 6 o Brel oa 6 0 4 1) Calm. 15 10 8 15 1 10 15 4 IO} N.E. 15 4.0 30 rf 12 30 I 9 30 AP esi os 30 2 ae a 45 |1t 5 45 |r 8 45 4 4 ,, 45 3 Io ofan) II Io 70 ry7 7 © ie 5 ae 70 3 9 15 IZ 4 15 1 6 15 Area Ses 15 38 30 12 11 30 rt 5 30 4 oO 30 a Be 45 3° 5 45 I 4 45 3.10 » 45 cA ws 8 o 14, 1% 8 0 Te ad ae) SMES! ag 8 0 3 6 Sz. 15 |14 8 BS. ee ee 15 359| a 15 a5 30 15 4 218) EY ue 30 3 St oe 30 3 4 45 TZ 70 45 sone 45 3.44 is 45 ee 9 0 16 6 9 0 ol 9 0 a ial 9 0 a t2 15 17 2 15 ope s 15 ee ee 15 ce 39 ANS, a2 ea 30 B.S) oe 30 3) 45 |18 5 45 0 9 45 33] » 45 3 0 10 oO 18 Io 10 0 Oo 7 Io Oo 3. 9| SS.E. |lI0 Oo 3.0 15 19 4 15 Omid 15 4 4, » 15 211 30 19 9 30 o 6 30 4 10| jy 30 2 10 45 20 2 45 pr 45 5 4 Oy 45 2} 9) \ Bek II oO 20) 15 IO oe & II oO (yg ol eure 14) to) 2 9 15 20 8 15 ‘Seamer icy 15 Geel Gy 15 2 8 30 |20 Io 30. 0 43 30 7S oe 30 pF) 45A.M.20 11 45A.M.|0 35 45AM.) 8 O] 75, 45AM.| 2 7 ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 143 May 14.—1864. Hutt. GAINSBOROUGH. Goorr. Nasurn Lock. Time. | Tide.| Wind.) Time. | Tide.) Wind.) Time. |Tide.| Wind.|| Time. | Tide.} Wind. hm _ = fft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. 12 OP.M.|20 10 12 OP.M.1O 3 8 12 OP.M.| 8 8/ S.S.E. 112 oPM.| 2 7 235 20 8 15 lo 2 15 ox 3 8 15 7 30 20 5 30 o 30 Ger Si a3 30 2aaG 45 20 2 45 on 7 45 IO O| 4 45 2 6 pe 19 9 I. 10 ° 9 Io TO 5] ji; 146 2 6 15 9 5 15 re 3 15 1o 8 5; 15 2 5| §. ‘ 30 19 0 30 Le 9 3° Io 9) » 30 2 5 45 |18 7 45 |2 Ie 45 ONO) 4: 45 ma} 5 20 1361 2 0 286 2 0 KOsl3t fi; 2.0 ZL, 15 EP iS 15 2 10 15 9 Ir 4; 15 29 30 16 8 30 5 ih 30 Om 5) 98 30 E ate) 45 16 0 45 3 4 45 9 Oo » 45 3 6 3.70 ry 4 3.0 40.6 ao Bae8 | 495 310 3 11 15 14 8 15 g06 LS SARA, «9 15 4 6 30 14 0 30 char ao Tawny, 1434 30 gato 45 |13 5] | as get 45 ew, ae. 45 5° 3) fatwa. 40 IZ 9 4.0 3 0| SE 4° 7 44 » 4.0 5 8|Deals 15 i 15 2 10 5) vi Aa 15 5 Io 30 rti7 30 2° 9 3° 6 to} 35 30 5 9 45 1% 0 45 |2 8 45 Gmyi | oe 45 5 9 Ces) 10 7 50 2 63 oy 6 4) 8.5 5.0 5 3\Deals up. 15 10 2 15 2 6 15 Oxtl ty 15 4 11 30 9 9 go. 24 - 5 10] 55 30 4 8 95 45 eee, biel Ve 45 4 ae 9 1 6-0 |2 of] Bsx. |] 6 © Sash 60 4 2! Calm. ze 8 11 15 2° 0 a Ser gh Bs 15 41 30 8 10 30 1311 3° 5 Ol oy 30 3 11 45 | 811 45 |r 9 450 | 410) » 45 3 10 mz7o |9 1 gee Tey 7S) (hq 8) a7 22 3 9 im 6 6xS G43 15 1 8 15 4:6) oy 15 3 8 30 9 8 30 rie 3e 4.5 4h 93 30 3 6 aq (iid 2 we CUE e “ae Ail ts 45 aig 8-0 10 7 8 0 Ens y ATG as 8 0 3 3 15 II 3 15 1 33 ys Zeto| a3 15 3 2 30 += | IE 10 go «|r 22 3° S28, oF 30 ai 45 |12 § 45 “fn 4 45 gu6| i 45 Zia 9 0 i g9 0 rt 922 3 4, » 9 © Zio a Pits 9 me: CaeS ms 5 ul: 3 15 2 41 go 4 5 go. ojo mr 3° soll” 94 30 2 9 45 Th iT 45 oO 103 3) Zclo| 8 45 29 oo |15 9 10 0 |o 10 FOES 211| 4, |l10 0 abs as in6 8 rs ‘lof 9} t5 aeRo}| 4 15 wg 30 7 3 30 ° 9 3° Zo Gs 30 Ainley 45 rf 11 45 o 83 45 Zearsl a 45 2 6 Tr o 1 5 II 4.0 o 7 wes ZeeO! OG eee) z 6 15 18 Io PMs o 63 3 3-16} 33 15 2 5 2 | oF o 6 39 Geax) . a] 30 Hrs 7 45P.MJO 53 45 PM 4.0 Gh Hg 45PM.| 2 5 144, Hutt. Time. | Tide. hm ft. in. IZ OAM.|19 11 15 Holme 2) 30 oes 45 oe Io ZO) 83 15 Poy in 30 19 IC 45 j19 8 2, 10 19 5 15 1gi +2 30 litehes tg 45 |18 5 Vo) 17 10 15 17 3 30 16 97 45 15 11 “a o 15 1 15 14 6 30 13 8 45 Et) $3 5 0 TZ 17, 15 Iz 2 30 Ir 8 45 EE. /15 60 10 10 15 10 7 62 ene 45 10 4 7 Oo 1a 3 15 To 05 30 10 8 45 Ti ‘0 8 o Ir 5 15 II Io 30 ize 45 45 ene) es Us 7 15 14% 1 32 14 7 45 cS Io oO I5 9 15 16 5 30 a ee 45 |17 8 II oO 18 3 15 18 10 oo 19 4 45A.M.JI9 9 REPORT—1864. May 15.—1864. Wind. GAINSBOROUGH. Goo.r. Time. |Tide.|Wind.|| Time. |Tide. fWind. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. 12 OAMJo 52) S.E. |/I2 OAM.) 5 | S. 15 Og 15 5 11| W. 30 o 4 30 6 To} 45 45 0033 45 7 6 3» 1 ae) ol if) Siokt|- gs 15 o 8 15 8 8 ” 3° ion 30 9 2 9 45 I 4 45 Oo .ss7 ” oa) res 20 9 Io] » 15 I or 15 190 Oo ” a2 243 32 IO 3) 3» 45 2 5 45 Io 2 ” 8 ye 2 Bis 3.0 9 II} 5 us 2 10 15 9 P| Ae $2) ae 30 9 Fe3|' 45 2 114 45 8: 40|. es 4.0 2 10 40 8 aa! nas 15 2 9 I$ Seo] ss 30 2 8 30 7 8) te 45 2, 07 45 7 228) ws 5 0 2 65 5 2° ft BO) Bs 15 2 6 15 6 9] 3° 2 43 3° 6586 ” 45 2a 45 6 3) 60 |2 13\w.nw.]] 6 o Gasol es 15 Ze 15 5 10] &. 30 pe ES) 30 57 los 45 I 105 45 5 a4. a3 HO I 9s 7 0° ete ec 15 Tr abs 15 4 II ” 30 Loy 3° 4 9] N.W. 45 t 6 45 4:7) ae) ae 80 ARTS5| op 15 I 3 15 4 2 ” 30 X 433 oe 4.9 » 45 rear 45 2 sEt|) as 9 0 I 0 Pao 3.9) » £5, Moga st) 3 il) 39 = fo Io 3° 3. 5} 45 jo 9 45 8 uke) 2 10 0 o 8 Io 0 3b le 4g 15 OFF 15 3 | > ss 30 o 63 39 20] as 45 oO a6 45 2 ET sy rm 40 o (6 II o Bis |! as, IS Jo° 5 ar) 311| 3 30 D fas 3° 4 3 ” 45AMJO 44 A Sree TAO! skies Nazurn Lock. Tide. | Wind. Time. hm ft. I2 OAM,} 2 15 30 45 z 20 15 30 45 2 0 15 30 in. Calm. N.W. OWN coun OP ODWOdDO OHH NDNWHHWHAAHA i! Ow oe aS nA PY PPP YPN DNDN VOY WHHWWHWWHWHWWYWHAAAAAAAABRWWYPNNNYNNNNNNNNKNNNDNDN PUN DAO 0 OH OH NW HB DN CMO ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS, 145 May 15.—1864. Hott. GAINSBOROUGH. Gootz. Nasurn Locx. Time. |Tide.| Wind.|| Time. | Tide.} Wind.|| Time. |Tide.| Wind.|| Time. |Tide.| Wind. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. I2 OP.M/20 2 12 OP.MJo 43] NW. 12 OPM) 5 2) N.W. 12 OPM)! 2 4 15 pm) 5 15 °o 4 15 Orr): 23; 15 2h) 4. 30 20) 7 30 oe 3 30 65, 8}, 95, 30 2, 3 45 |20 8 45 |O 23 45 Te 5) 24 45 Ons 3 Io 20 9 Io ob 2 Io S$) 2) 9, Io 2) 3) “Ww. 15 20 8 15 oF a 15 $7) 25 15 2 2 30 20 7 30 o 1 30 On 4) Ss, 30 BEI 2) 45 209 5 45 oS 45 es) 45 2 1 20 20 2 2 0 or 5 2 0 IO 2] 5; 2 0 2 1 15 19 Io 15 o 6 15 10 5| 3 15 2 0 30 19 5 30 mW ir 30 Ton 8) O5; 30 2 o| W 45 |19 0 45 | 53 45.) airar 8) ta, 45 2 0 3.0 18 6 3.0 I 9 3.0 Toe Fes, 319 2 0 15 18 0 15 wr 3 15 Io 4) 5 15 2 2 30 17 4 30 29 30 9 To) ©» 3a 2 5 45 |16 7 45 |3 © 45 9 6 Bz 45 a) 4.0 15 11 4.0 0 4 0 OF 1); Oss 4 0 ont EG, IS 3 rs: |eias 15 8 8 15 3 6 39 147 30.3 4a le 8 4) » 30 4 2 45 13 Io 45 3 4 45 8-o » 45 4 6 5 9 13 3 5 0 3 OF 5 0° Ti 8 ” By te 4 11) W 15 a 15 2 11¢ 15 Ter 4h B45 15 Gt i 30 12 2 30 2 9 30 Tet) OF, 30 5 0 45 rt 6 45 7 45 6 10} 5, 45 4 11 6 0 II o 60 2 7] Nw. || 6 0 Get oI @,, 60 4 9] Ww. 15 TOY 5 15 Mm 6 15 68 4) 23, 15 4 8 30 10 oO 30 2 43 30 Ge x) OF; 30 4 6 45 9 8 45 2 3 45 5 10) 45 45 eo To 9 4 70 am ir 7 0° oe 8).%,, 70 mel a 15 Dy x 15 2? 'o 15 Ge Ol 25, 15 3 11] 8.E. 30 8 Io 30 I Il 30 5h! 4), Ps, 30 3 Io 45 8 11 45 I 10 45 of Tes 45 318 8 o 9 0 8 o I 9g 80 Ae 1c] 9, 8 o Bt 7 15 9 2 Sta 15 4 8) 5 15 3 6 } 30 9 6 30 I 6% 32 4) 6}\ 5; 30 3 6 | 45 9 Io 45 |r 5 45 4 44 » 45 BR5 19 0 Toe 3 9 0 Ih % eS. 4 2) » Sige) 3 4 me 15 10 Io 15 & 3 a5 4 OF y 15 Sar, i) 30 In) 5 30 I 2 32 3 10} 5, 30 3 1 45 I2 2 45 re 45 ah Si) Bs 45 ie |I0 o 12s 9 Io oO Io Io 0 Bh 6h G. 10 Oo a0 15 13 6 15 o II 15 Bh) 4 es, 15 211 30 14 2 30 o 10 3° au sor, 30 2 10 45 |14 9 45 jo 9 45 3 1 oy 45 2 9 bs ame) TS 5 IIo o 8 EL» 9 Pisa @ dy cone SO |b di aa. 20) 8 15 16 2 15 Oo 7% 15 KO ira 15 27 30 16 8 30 o 7 3° 2a\- Oi “OF, 30 24/6 45P.M.|/17 6 45P.M.jo 6 45PMi 2 8) ,, 45P.M.| 2 6 1864, L 146 ; REPORT— 1864. May 16,—1864. Hot. GAINSBOROUGH. Gooxz. Naszurn Locg. Time. |'Tide./Wind. || Time. |Tide./Wind.|) Time. |Tide./Wind. || Time. | Tide./Wind. h m= |{ft. in. h m_{ft. in. h m_ (ft. in. h m_ (ft. in. IZ OAM.|18 2 12 OAMJO 5 | N.N.E. ||12 OAM! 2 9] S.E, |/12 OAM.) 2 5 15 1p 17 15 °o 5 15 3 2| + 15 Ori 5 30 fig ez 30 Oo 43 30 45108) ass 30 a 4 45 |19 6 45 0 4% 45 4 3] » 45 2 4) Calm. Io 19 Io Io Oo 4 Io 4 TI) oy Io 2 3 15 20; 7 15 Oo 33 15 5 8 » 15 G3 39 20 4 39 jo 3 3° 6 5) » 30 2 2 45 20:5 45 Os 2 -45 7 2 45 2 2 20 29 7 2 0 o Id 20 me ttl ys 20 Be 3 15 20 6 15 o 1% 15 San | ee 15 2 0 30 20 4 30 o 1 30 grr 2| ap 30 2 0 45 20 2 45 Qos 45 Oi7| Bb 45 21 ol 360 19 Io 3.0 o 6 gio 9 IO] 45 3/50 Iai 15 19 7 15 Io 15 103) 3) bh 15 Iu 30 Ig | 2 30 19 '5 30 TOL! §| wy 30 141 45 18 Io 45 Typat 45 TO; 6l\ wa, 45 r 10) Calm. 4 0 18 4 4.0 ie 7 4.0 TORE (S| Gs, 4.0 I 10 15 17 10 15 2 10 15 10:52) wy 15 I 10 3° 7 2 30 3478 ae OY) 2D 30 2 1 45 |16 6 45 B 2 45 9 4 » 45 2 3 5.0 15 9 5.0 3 2 5 0 8 XI] «,, 5 0 2 8 15 |15 2 a5 eis = 15 8 7] » 15 ay) 3 30 14 6 30 act 30 Sch 2] ig 30 gr! -7 45 1g 0 45 ae Base) TE 9| 3 45 4 2 60 igi fi 60 3 0 | ES.E. || 6 0 Tnt Si-coss 6 0 4 6|Calm. 2 iz 8 15 2 8 15 7 3) 8.E. 15 4 9 30 Zz 50 30 z 6 30 6; FI) oy 30 ae) 45 gett £7 45 |2 4 45 6 8 6» 45 5 0 7 0 Iz | 2 7.0 2p Be 70 6215) O55 7,0 4 9 15 Io 10 15 2a i 15 6242) ax 15 A 7 33) rp 5 ae Eyles 30 5:21) op 30 4 5 45 10 3 45 aa 45 ee) ea 45 4 3 8 0 Io 2 ie) Tes 80 Be) Gl s,s 80 git 15 Ip | 1 15 1 8 15 54 sh 15 ea 30 TO°)3 30 Rge7. 30 5H 3] Of 3° 379 45 |10 6 45 pitas 45 4 10] ;, 45 3 8 9 0° Io Io 9° Tend. 9 0 461-8] G5; ° ar°°7 TS tlre 1S a5 ieee 15 4 6 ,, 15 3 6 30.02O«IE 9 30.0 Jt 38 30 4 4 » 30 35 45 215 45 73 45 4 2 45 34 Io oO I2 II Io oO I iy Io Oo 4340) 9,5 10 oO sro 3 15 13.)7 15 1 1 15 3.11) 15 Bit 2 Be na 3° nae 39 3579/0 3° ar 3 45 |14 8 45 jo 41 45 S07 7| sage 45 3 0 II oO 15 4 II oO Oo 9f Ir 0 Z6)'5| ar at itr 5c 2 11 15 16 0 15 ° 9 15 3613) 26 15 2 10 30 «6/16 8 30 o 8 30 Shi 2! ox 30 2 9 45AMII7 4 10 7 45A.M.| 3 © 2 9 ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 147 May 16.1864. Hott. GAINSBOROUGH. Goo.e. Nasurn Lock. Time. | Tide.)Wind. || Time. | Tide.|Wind. || Time. | Tide. ices Time. | Tide.|Wind. hom + }ft/)in. h m ‘/ft, in. h m “ft. in. h m ‘ft, in. 12 OP.M.J|I7 10 12 OPM.JO 6 | E.S.E.|/12 OP.M.| 2.11} 8S. ||12 OPM] 2 8] s. 15 13 6 15 o 6 15 3 3] S.S.W. 15 BF, 30 Ig 1 30 or S55 30 S10} Of 30 2h) 7 45 Ig 6 45 [0 5 45 4 4! 455 45 2 6 Io 19 10 Io o 43 Io 4 10] ,, Io 26 15 aS 15 O 43 15 ey Si) & 15 ie 30 2 «6 30 Oo 4 30 Go| Of, 30 2 4 | 45° j20 8 45 |O 33 45 6 8 45 2 4 20 20 10 2.0 Oo 3 2 0 Te) TNs, 26 2° 3) 8H: 15 20 10 15 oS i25 15 8 5| SE. 15 at 3 30 20 9 30 o 4 30 G? -o|| OF 30 2 45 20 6 45 jo 1 45 9 7) » 45 2 2 ee} 20 3] « | 3.0 a ft 3.0 9) 10) ©, 3.0 on 15 Ig II 15 Oo 23 15 TOM 7) 2%, 15 2 Ft 30 I9 7 30 o 8 30 1G); S| Ye; 30 2 0 45 a) 2 45 P'3 45 TOE O | 85 45 tee 4.0 18 8 40 t 6 4.0 10 Io] _,, 4.0 a 15 ae 15 2.0 15 Toy 8) 2%, 15 2 4) SE. 30087 4 39 |2 og 30. «ro 3], 30 2 6 45 |16 7 45 |2 10 45 9 8) 45 2 9 5.0 15 10 5.0 ar 5.0 Ge 5) 2, 50 a 15 1 2 15 ‘lah BY 15 eS ae 15 30), 30 14 6 30 3 6 30 & 9 95, 30 4 1] faown. 45 |13 9 45 |3 53 45 8 5] 45 a GPeae 60 i3 0 60 3 33] BS.E. |] 6 © Si 5) G5 60 is 66 a5 a) 15 3 08 15 % Ol 23: 15 sess) 30 II Io 30 = jo 30 mst Re, 30 Vaaze) 45 |Ir 2 45 |2 92 45 % 3 ts 45 6 3) SE. 7A@ id | 7 by Pale 2 83 7 5O @ ro) @.! 770 5 11 15 To 2 15 2 le 27 15 6 7] «4 15 5 10 30 g 10 30 jz 30 6 4 5 30 5 9 45 9 4 45 |2 43 45 6 1 5, 45 5 |Deals up. ae) 8 11 8.0 2 3 8 0 Hiroe: 8 0 4 9| 15 8 7 15 9 |2 0 15 5 3, 15 4 5 30 8 3 30 I 11 30 Ee Gag; 30 4 I): SE. 45 8 2 45 |r ix 45 5 4 » 45 3.11 9 0 5) 2) 9.0 I Io 9 0 a re 9 0 Big 15 8 4 x5 |f (8h 15 4 10] ,, 15 g. 7 30 8 8 30k O78 30 4 7| » 30 3 5 45 9 1 45 |t 6 45 4 5) » 45 lee Io o 9 6 10 oO z 16 10 0 A 2 eo 3 10 0 Ri 7 15 TO. 2 15 Tr 55 15 #: Ol 24; 15 Ht io 30 Io 10 30 m4 30 J 10) OF," 30 POae wt 45 |1r 6 45 |1 3 45 3 8 5 45 2 10 II o : 2 II 0 Ee 12 Le a. Ghee. W ee itr-“o 2 8 15 12 11 15 E io 15 Fi alee; 15 2G) 30 a3. 9 30 Oo 11% | 30 F-2)ee,; 30 2 6 45P.M.|14 7 45P.M.\o 10d 45 2-M.| J APs, 45 PM.) 2 5 148 REPORT—1864. May 17.—1864. Hutt. GAINsporovucH. Gooxe. Nasurn Lock. | Es Time. |Tide.|Wind. || Time. |Tide.|Wind. || Time. | Tide.|Wind. || Time. |Tide.|Wind. ne zee | ittayimé lh m_ . |ft.am. h m_ /ft. in. lh m_ {ft. in. I2 OA.M. mS 3 12 OA.M.|O 9 E.S.E. ||I2 OA.M.| 3 © 8.E. 12 OAM.) 2 4 15 16 1 tan o 8 rs) gi, ain) ees 15 2 4 30 16 8 30 on 7 30 2. 9) os» 30 2) 3 45 |17 5 45 0 6 45 2 8 » 45 2 2 Io 17 11 Io ° 53 Io S| Bey Io 2 2 15 18 6 15 oy 5 15 ZMIOC|, FF; 15 2 1 30 819 2 30. 0 4a 30 3.4, » 3° sak Mad 45 |19 8 45 |O 4 45 4 1» 45 2 0 2 0 ZO PI By 9(e) oO 33 2 0 AIO! ©; 2 0 2 0 15 20715 15 a 3 15 5 Io] 4 15 Iii 30 20 8 30 Oy 25 30 6 9| 5, 30 I 10 45 ae) se, 45 ae 45 hs AN 4) 45 oe, Smo) 20 II ZS) o 1% 3.0 SIS) Ge 3.0 1 8 15 20 10 15 °o 13) 15 9 Oo] °5; 15 iy 30 20 8 30 o 1 30 ont 6] eg; 30 nF 45 201155 45 oa 45 LG}! Ol), Pay 45 1 6 40 20 2 4.0 Oo 4 4 0 TO) 4) Gis 4.0 1 6 15 I9 8 15 o 10 15 ra: Ses; 15 1 6 30 19 3 30 mg) 30 IO 10} 5; 30 1 6 45 |18 a1 45 |1 9 45 |Ir Oo] 4 45 I 7 5 tO TS) 5 5.0 Ze 2 5 0 IO 10] | ;, 5 0 I 9 15 17 8 15 2 6 15 IO) °7|| P43: 15 I 1 30 17 | 2 30 ZS) 30 Io O| 4, 30 2) 3 45 |16 5 45 |3 4 45 : Oe 45 2 8 60 15 8 60 3 6| ESE. || 6 0 9 2/8.3.E. || 6 0 3. 2| SE. 15 aA Ee 15 sie 15 8 10), 15 Bi 7, 218 14 3 3° Sim 30 8 5} 30 4 1 45 |13 6 45 |3 6 45 8 oO} ys 45 4 6) [aown 7° |12 9 7° |3 4 7 ve 7 8 7 0 #3 Deale si) 12) 12 15 Be i= EY HG za Oe) a 15 a7 30 Ir 8 30 3) 1 30 Tay 12 Saks 30 6° 2 45 mr) 1 45 2 Io 45 G16} #4, 45 6 1 8 o ID). 7 8 0 2 8% 8 0 7|) 55 8 0 6 0 15 KO) 2) 15 a 7 15 GE Al Ss; 15 5 10 30-18 |toO ) 8 30 2 6 30 Gl x) ak 30 5 8 45 9 4 45 |2 42 45 5 IO] 4, 45 5 O|Deals up. ogo oy 2 9.9 zs Lye BYE 7) Say 99 4 7 15 8 10 15 Dyer 15 Al hy 15 4 4 30 8 11 30 I II 30 Bi 2) Oe; 30 As 45 ee 45 ese) 45 4 11) 45 Btn 10 0 9-5 10 0 % 9 10 0 AS 9) Otyy 10 oO 3 9| SE. 15 g 10 e5 oy pe iB 15 4 7) » 15 a7 30 = {to 6 Bo wale: £7 30 4 5| 4» 30 3 6 45 |ir 2 45 |r 6 45 4 3) » 45 3 5 II oO II 10 II oO rae II 0 A G|| Ny hay eI Br te 15 12 7 15 y 3 15 Ste! 6 15 Ge) 30 4 4 30 r 2 30 gh 8! Ue, 30 aH 2 45 ASS Xe ¢| 45A.M.jI I 45 AM! 3 97) 59 45A.M.| 3 1 ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS, 149 May 17.—1864. Huu. GAINSBOROUGH. Goo.e. Nazurn Lock. Tide. |Wind. || Time. | Tide./Wind. || Time. |Tide.|Wind. |} Time. Tide. Wind. ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in.| | 9 I2 OP.M|r° oO | S.W. |[I2 OP.M.| 3. 5| S.E. |l12 OPM.) 3 0} SE. | 6 15 oO Ilys 15 4 1968 15 2 11 3 30 Oo II 30 ey Oe 30 2 10 2 45 © 10 45 31 1S) Hiss 45 2 9 9 Io ° 9 Io PLN, ens) 2G) 5 15 o 8 15 ZO! @F,, 15 2 8 4 30 Sat 30 Bt Sha 3 3° eet a7, 9 45 jo 6 45 3 6 » 45 2 7 2) Zao Oo 43 2 0 fing WE A es 2 0 D9, 8 15 oO Bs 15 Br) Ol as 15 2 8 ° 30 o 3 30 Bera hs 30 2 § 4 45 |O 22 45 7B © % 45 2 8 6 3.0 o 1 3150 Sarco! gio 2 8] Sz. 7 15 Ou /T 15 9 0 ; 15 2 8 6 30 Oo I i; 30 g 1c! "5, 30 2 9 1 5 45 o 1 45 IO S| GS 45 Zz 9 II | 4.0 anni 4.0 Konto) 35 4 0 2G 6 | 15 o 6 | ae Pipers! 2%, 15 2 10 I 30 34 30 Irn 7| &.5 30 2 10 7 45 2 0 45 1x 9} 25, 45 eh) ° 5.0 iza6 | 5 0 IDO) “55 50 211] SE 4 15 3 OF 15 Borel! Ray 15 a7 9 8 3036 30.0 fax 4] 30 WE we 45 oo ao 45 Io 6, 45 S11 7 2 60 4 0] SE 6 0 TOL 2) 60 4 1 &. 4 25 a 3 15 9 9 » 15 4 10 7 30 4 4 312 OF Al a3 30 bree! 10 45 |\4 2 45 8 Io} ;, 45 511 c 7 0 3 10 oft oe 5) 70 Gros 5 15 3 63 15 3? Tears 15 6 8 8 30 ae iis 30 Ta Sheers 30 6 10 © 45 |3 4 45 Zi Spee 45 6 10 3 8 0 ee 8 o Te) Zhe. 8 o 6 6 10 15 gy a 15 Gite! as 15 6 4 | 3 30 AE Ot 30 63).7) *% 30 6F) 2 8 45 |2 9 45 6 4) » 45 6 © 2 9 0 ze a, 9 0 6 1 : 9 0° 5 10] 8.E. II 15 adel 3) 15 5 Io) ;, 15 5 3 ESD Lal ages) 30 ST 30 #16 6 45 |2 4 45 5 4] 45 ae: 6 10 0 2 35 10. 0 Se LT, SF lino; fo ee 9 15 DAs 15 4Xrol tf 15 Gea 2 30 2h 2 30 Ar Sh 5 30 Ge: 8 45 jz 1 45 4 5) 45 ao 8 II oO Ze II o Ariat 8. 28inro 5 © 2 15 III 15 ALTE Es iG 5.0 Ic 30 I 103 30 Sige || Tass 30 4 12 9 45P.M.i1 8 7S 2 | 45 P.M.) 4 11 150 } REPORT——1864.. May 18,.—1864. Hott. GAINSBOROUGH. GooLe. Nasury Locr. Time. |Tide.|Wind. || Time. | Tide.|Wind.|| Time. |Tide.|Wind.|} Time. | Tide./Wind. h m_ (ft, in. hom itt: m_ {ft. in. h m_ ft. in. 12 OAM.|12 6 IZ OAM |r 6| SE. |l12 OAM) 3 7}. 8.E. ||12 OA.M.! 4 10) Calm. 15 et 5 15 i Fy I5 Bua 0) abe 15 4 10 3° 14 3 aie ye, 30 3245] aps 30 4 9 45/15 2 45 | 23 45 3. 3) >» 45 4 8 T 6 16 I se) I of iirc) 33, Til, aac 16 4 8 15 16 8 15 I oF 15 211) was 15 oo) 7 30 uy) 6 30 Oo Ilys 30 2.10] —» 30 A 7 a i) 45 |O Ios 45 2 9! 45 4 6 D3 Ko) 18 11 2G o 8 2,0 Za Oth mes 2 0 4 6 15° |79), 9 15 0 62 15 %) 1] ap 15 4 5 30 20 5 30. jo G 30 4 Oo 35 30 4 5 45 20 II 45 oS 45 Sar OF a3 45 4 4 3.0 Ze 1 & 3.0 Oo 4 3.0 GAZ eas: 2510 4 4 15 21 8 15 4 5) de T) og -15 4 3 30, |2n xs 390 3 30 8 7)» 30 4 2 45 22 2 45 |O 23 45 9 5) oa 45 4 1 4.0 2212 4.0 On 4.0 Tins! ass, 4 0 1 Kel 15 21 10 15 °o 15 15 TOshO]| aa, 15 Aetir 30 Izu 7 30 Oj ox 30 Eee Tl) sates 30 aed 45 |21 4 45 jo 83% 45 [ir 6 4 45 3.11 5.0 20 9g 5 0 1% 43 N 50 IZ. 0) Ass iyere! 3 10 15 20 3 15 2 0 15 T2h°3| Sa 15 CG) 30, Ig 8 3° \4 [2107 ZO. TZ 4} gg 30 3 8 45° |¥9 1 £5 1) |3yr 6 45 | WIZ) 3) 42 45 3 8 6.0 ES) 7 60 3 10 N. 60 1h We Col | ees 60 3.1 9 8) Sis) 15 4 3 15 II 3) os 15 4 2 30 16 11 30 4 6 30 TO.) 31> aes 30 410 45 |16 13 45 |4 7 45 |10 I) » 45 5 6 FS |) te | 3 7° 4 9 7 Pe) deDe | Tous Pee 6 0 15 |14 6 15 |4 6 15 9:2] 15 6 6 nw. 39 «13, «9 30/4 3 30 8 9 os 30 6 10 45 13 0 45 |3 9 45 8 4) 45 7 2 8 0 TA! 8 o oe 7 8 o SBEO| =a, 8 o 7 4 15 Tt 1S 15 3, 6 15 ToS) 5 15 pha) 30.0 2 a0. + 13). 5 30 7 5| 9 30 6 10 AS ite 17 45 |3 4 45 7. 3| om 45 6 8 9 0 Io 0 9 0 gp 2 9 0 Ghali, 9 0 6 4 15 9 6 15 35 0 15 Gin 7) ax 15 6 31 30 9) 30 2 10 30 6 4) Nw. 30 5 10 45 8 9 45 |2 8 45 6 3) » 45 5 6 10 oO 8 Oo Io oO 2. 6 10 oO RETO dass Io o a 4. 15 8 4 1S igi2e 5 15 Se Ths pa 15 5 3 30 3 5 3923 30 Sep! ‘ea 30 5 2 45 8 8 45 2 2 45 5st) 39 45 5 Oo Nw. Il 0 gq 1 1 10 2 O8 1I oO ABIG!! #4; s i|0T 2 4 10 15 9 8 15 I 11g 15 4a Sl sag 15 4 8 30 10 4 30 I 109 30 Ag 6|) wens 30 Age, A5A.M.IEI O 45AM.|1 8a 45A.M| 4 3] 3, 45A.M.| 4 6 a ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. . 151 May 18.—1864. Hou. GAINSBOROUGH. _ Goous. Naxnurn Loce. Time. |Tide.|Wind. || Time. | Tide.|Wind. |} Time. | Tide.) Wind. || Time. | Tide.) Wind. h ms fft. in. h m _|ft. in. hy, m. jf. an. h m_fft. in. I2 OP.MJ|II 9 12 OP.M.|I 63) .N.w. ||I2 OPM) 4 1] N.W. [112 OPM) 4 5 IZ 7 15 I 53 15 357°) “as 15 4 4 ng. 17 39 JI 3a 30 Syi8} "exp 30 4 3 14 5 45 I 23 45 Sai Tle 45 4 1 ES 13 Io 1 1 |E.bynj} r 0 BG) ts Io 4,10} > SN. 16 0 15 Ty © 15 3.1 4| aw 15 3 10 16 Io 30 or 30 ETE pF 30 3 8 17 10 45 9 10 aS 3: 9} os 45 Suh 1S 17, 2.0 o 8 2 0 2 TTI) p55 20 5,6 19 5 15 ° 15 EN {| ES 15 3.15 20 1 30 «jo 6 30 3) S| toss 30 3 4 20 10 45 Ce 45 4 OF » 45 3353 21 4 3.50 o 3 3.0 411) 5 3.0 3 2 2m 9 15 Oo 2% 15 GM ah oe 15 3.1 22 2 30 o 2 30 ye ol ae 30 g,70 22 4 45 Oo 1% 45 Sard) mas 45 3,19 22 6 40 Ge 40 9 8 5, 4.0 a i 22 7 15 o of 15 FQ ee) aa 15 2111 Ww. 2m 14. 30 Oo oF 30 BC, Fd ne 30 2 10 22 0 45 o of 45 TEE 9) ox 45 2 10 21 6 5 0 Fez ee) a 5 9 29 21 0 15 2 0 15 1) 15 200 20 «5 30 2 8 30 12 9) 1» 30 2 9 Ig 10 45 3 32 45 12 10} E.S.E. 45 2.9 t@ (2 60 3 11 | E.n.z. || 6 o a A Ht, 6 0 3.2 13 5 15 eas 15 12, 2) 8.5 15 2... Ol) ok ne 7 30 Ao e7 30 EE. Ol) Bas 30 pea Ke) 16 8 45 |5 0 45 |10 10) 45 4 9 15 8 Lo Beat To TO, | 3) Cong 700 5 4 14 10 a 5: 2 15 9. .9|- sx U5) 6 © 14 0 30 «5 8 30 9 4 » 30 6 7 Hp 1 45 |4 6 45 8 6 ys 45 714 ne +3 8 0 4 3 8 0 Sai oss 8 0 7 Gl A TF 17 15 Anris 15 So. Gl ae 15 7 2s Io 10 30 3 10 30 Tee Ol seas 30 a Io. 2 45. |3 10 45 7 6 oy 45 6 8 9 7 90 tise gz 9 0 Tall ee 9 0 6 4 9 © 15s wiae3 15 7 ol 5% 15 6 1 ae 30 Qiu 2 30 6,7 5], te 30 5 10 8 0 45 |3 32 45 6 5) os 45 517 77 IG o Sa 2 10 0 6. ol) oe 10 0 1A ie: 2 15 rat 15 Se tGl) ate 15 Z [Oo 6 11 30 2 11 30 idly er 30 4 10 6 Io 45 |2 10 45 5 4] 2 45 4 8 6 11 II o 2 8% II 0 | es ie | ob Boy 4.57 e 8 15 [2 53 15 411)» 15 4 5 7 Io 30/24 30 4.9] » 3° 4 3 fae 6 45P.Mi2 4 APM) A Zl, we 45P.M| 4 I REPORT—1864., May 19.—1864. Hott. GAINSBOROUGH. Gootz. Time. | Tide.|Wind. || Time. | Tide.|Wind.|) Time. | Tide.|Wind. hm ff. in h m_ ft. in. ‘hom (ft. in 12 OAM) 9 4 IZ OAM|2 2|EN.E.|/12 oAM.! 4 4] S.EL 15 10 =% 15 Ze Gy i 1s 4 2) Be 30 1. 3 30 2 0 30 4°10) 35 45 Ir 11 45 1 15 45 gtzo| #3) Io 12 10 Io I 10 Io g47S1™- 45 15 139 15 1 83 15 a5 161 33 30 |14 10 go "ln 7 30 3 41 » 45 |1§ 10 45 |r 6 45 3% 3) 20 16 10 ZNO ) ain 20 362). Bs 15 |13 3 i in 4 15 3 Oo} 45 30 18 11 30 Ee 35 30 Bert We 45 Le 45 ees 45 210; 5, 3g 0 20 5 3.0 Tt © 3.0 210) 4; 15 2a Fe 15 o 10 15 3°77 24 30 21 9 30 o 8 30 AMG) 45 |22 2 45 |o 6 45 5°11) ty 40 22/6 4.0 o 43 4 0 weg Se. 15 22 9 15 o 33 15 8 10] ,, 30 22 11 30 Sines) 30 Tov 2) OF 45 22 11 45 0 23 45 rr )3) 43 5.0 22 10 5.0 oO" 2 5.0 parol) G; 15 22 5 15 oF 15 12 5) E.S.E. 30 22 O 30 o 10 30 IZeL0) 45° 28 15 45 |2 6 45 13, 2] 45 60 20 II 60 3 5 |=ENE. || 6 0 IZA By ) 200s 15 4 1 15 13 5] » 30 {19 8 30/45 } 30 13 2] 4» 45 19 0 45 4 10 ie 2 Gl ge 7 Oo 18 2 770 5 2 7° Ss TDRPyO|*<%,, i (ea ic) Signs ts. | HEths) ty Bo) $h (re 5 Zo. ise 7 30) 7 roel 7) Re 45 |15 6 ee ee | 45 ‘202 1) & Bra C4 17 a ibis. © 80 97 7) “ss 15 Le, 15 yes FS 9 3) » go |. tg. 30/4 7 30 8 10; 45/122 45 4 3 | 45 a) 9 0 Ir 7 9 0 aed 9 0 Sip Fs 15 10 10 15 4 0 15 gti) By 30, 10 4 30.0 3 aT 30 | 45 9 5 45 |3 9 45 7 2 4 10 oO 8 10 10 0 3 64 10 0 6tro| &, 15 8 5 H5) (13% 5 Hae) Gi7|' & 30 8 © yO Vie 8 | 30 6 4 4, 45 7 8 as P13" 5a | 45 6tiol lic eS II 0 2 112 LE <6 5 9 os 15 CS)? 15 |2 93 | 25 Pg ty 30 7 5 30, 2 63 | 30 grat 45A.M.| 7 11 45A.M.2 5% | Aga 58 Ch"? Gy Nasvurn Lock. Time. hm I2 OAM. 15 30 45 2 oe 15 30 45 2 0 15 30 45 15 3° Tide. =o 5 Leal Ot W BUN DANIO + O Calm. — ~ es PNY OO MPF OWN ON MO DO DOH OOK YPWWHEAHUDAHOWNO PPRPAMAMMN DOAYNYAWYNN DAP HPWYNNN YY NNNNND DN DNDD NYWWHWHWWWWWWWF Ss Calm. Calm. Calm. 8.E. ee, —_ ; ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 1538 May 19.—1864. | GAINSBOROUGH. Goote. Nasvrn Lock. Time. |Tide.|Wind.|| Time. | Tide.|Wind.|| Time. | Tide./Wind. ih m _ (ft. in. iene it. an. (thi ms Tre. mn, 12 opm.i2 4 | =, |l12 oOP.M.| 4 9] ESE. |l12 OPM! 4 3 15 Peek] i) Pers 4 7| E.S.E. 15 4 2 go. 2 } 30 |4 5] » 30 | 4 0 45 |r 131g 45 4 3) » 45 3 10 Io I Io Io 79 et 4 Io 3. 9| SE. 5. [ie Se 15 3.11) ss 15 3 8 30 rE 63 |} 30 2G] Pare 30 36 45 I 5% 45 30 a 45 3.55 . Zo I 44 2 0 See Sh Pag ZO a ag ie 2g 15 al es 15 a3 30 I 23 30 Sel Aas 30 Qerd | 45 roti | 45 28 oS] ponte 45 oe | 3.0 i 26 206 FANE OP 3.0 2 11] Sz. 15 Oo 10} 15 3 OF » 15 2 10 30 o 83 30 413 kK 30 2.9 i P45) eo a7a 45 5 4» 45 2 8 4.0 o 63 |4 0 (Oy oC) Nae 4.0 ty | 15 o 6 | = 55 Pie Pe i a 15 2 6 39 | 4 3° 9 7) » 30 2 5 45 o 4 45 169 45 255 : 5.0 io 5 0° um 6 y sur. eae 15 o 23 15 ees ere 15 2 4 zo jo 1d go [13 Oy, qo 1. ae 45 |2 5 45. Fras) Se, 45 2 4 | 6 0 gars) | “a.” Go. Olga ei oe bo 2 3 i 15 4 0 15 |13 10] S.E 15 2 2) Es : 30 4 6 i = 40 19 °r0) ee, 30 ei i 7 45 |5 © S45) Cis 7. a as 29 é TO G26 7 0 1270) 7 0 as 15 aed 15 12 4 5 |) 15 4 3 so eee) Be i) 40° Piet ol e, 3° 5 4 45 Geir i as LL) Ofer, 45 6 0 | 8 0 60 8 o ra) Oley 8 o 6 11 15 |5 63) E 5 |10 oO 5, 15 Teed 39 (5p 3° 7 a3 30 8 0 4 93 45 Chas Devs 45 8 3] 8. 4 6 9 0 SS) ay Bed, gx 4 42 15 8 3} as 15 i rts] 4 3 30 Pie GaN Macy. 30 eel 4 13 | 45 Fy Th os a as 6 7 4 0 10 0 FAS Base ATO "0 6 4 3 11 15 Grrr) oe. Bl ne 6 0 3 10 30 Gy S| Pes. Bl 240 5 10 3 9 45 6 5) 1 45 5 8 Sah II oO Gra Ts; bY 1G En 6 ie 15 5 11) yy 15 5 4 we 30 5 8 30 5 2 eG 45PM.| 5 4| 4, || 453-M-| 4 12 Nasurn Locr. Time. | Tide. |/Wind. h .m: | sift: I2 OAM) 4 8 15 30 45 I 50 aS 30 45 2.0 15 30 45 3.40 tS 30 45 154 REPORT—1864. May 20.—1864. Hutt | Garssorovcn. Goo.r, | | | Time. |Tide./Wind. || Time. | Tide.| Wind.|| Time. | Tide.|Wind. || hm ft. in. |h m ft. in. hom —jiftain: 12 OAM) 6 2 12 OAM!2 93] E. |/12 OAM) 5 1| S.E. 15 6 8 15 2 53 15 4. 10] N.w. 3° ana. 30 2 4 3° Abe? as 45 8 6 45 |2 2 45 4 4| » TO One7 ile (6) 2 14 i) te) 42) as 15 Io 6 15 I 4r13 15 ALMIO| aay 30 11 8 30 It to 30 Auto|! ana, 45 |12 7 45 |1 9 45 3 8 2; 40 ie 2.0 I 7% 2 0 Ca) a 15 14 10 15 5 15 3 4 » 30 15 11 30 I 23 30 Que? eae 45 17. 0 45 11 45 302) yas ZO RS (a2 3.0 1 ee 3 40 3.940 43 15 KQ\1a3 15 o 113 15 Zi ET way 30 20 I 3° on ay 30 2 10 ” 45 21 0 45 oO 10% 45 2 Ql 4 4 0 2r 9 4 0 o 9 4 0 S005] egss 15 22) a5 15 o 83 15 ADL! “sas 30 22 11 30 °o 7% 30 Gida0)) as 45 Eee 45 o 62 45 El Bic’ roe h vik 5 0 Oo 53 5 0 D609) ae 15 23 «6 15 Oo 43 15 DE ad | vies 30 23 «6 30 © (35 30 12 01| eps 45 23° «3 45 Oo 23 45 12 8 ” 60 22/10 » || 6°0 o 33) N. 60 FR ame 15 22 3 15 Ze i 15 E387) 9.23 3902C«*d2r 8 30! uid) 9 39 {13 9) os 45 20 10 45 4 8 45 3. WET || ea 7 0 20 2 7.0 Br) 8 Ws wh ei DSL|! ns 15 I9 8 15 BO 15 EON IB Ol aes 30 18 6 30 eG: 30 T2LT| eas 45 T7118 45 6.0" 45 12, I] 5, 8 0 16 10 8 oO 6 3 8 o Types || ys 15 16 0 15 ie) 15 IQ 9! .» 30 Ts tart 30 6 0 30 TCuees|| oss 45 |14 2 45 |5 6 45 O99! sae 9S 13.4 950 by a 9 0 9.03). gs 15 |12 3 5 |4 9 15 8 9 » 30 cr a0 30 4 8 30 Sal! Das 45 |10 8 45 14 58 45 8 o » 10 0 Iolh6(O Io Oo 4 3 19 oO 7 9 ” 15 9 2 15 AS Ad 15 A eee 30 Sic 30 4 0 30 Teh || ies 45 71 45 [3 93 45 6 9 Il 0 7 ag II oO 3 7% II o OnGl| aay 15 6 10 15 3 6 15 Gio! ga, 30 BAG BO: |walt ea 30 5.10] 5 454M.) 6 2 45AM.|3 If Ap AM 57 ss - un AMAMMA DAQDYIN CWCNNIARMFPWONNYNPNYHNHDHNHDNHNDNHNNNYNHDNDNDNDYP RD NYWWHWWWWWAAALH OW DC OP DWODMDAOWN WDONWNAWO OK HH NNDNWHA BUN DI HOO OO OHWUN DOO OKA A Caln. Calm. Calm. Calm. a ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 135 May 20.—1864. Huu. GAINSBOROUGH. Goose. | Nasurn Locr. Time. |Tide./Wind.|| Time. |Tide.|/Wind.|| Time. | Tide.Wind. || Time. | Tide.| Wind. Hd tG.emn. h, m9 jibeins hm ft. in. h m ft. in.| TZ \OPM:) 5 2% 12 OP.M.|2 11¥] Sw. ||12 OPM) 5 4! Ww. |lt2 opm.) 4 I0 15 6 0 15 ZaLO 15 Rist T || oe 15 4 8 30 6 6 30 ame 30 ATO) jay 30 4 6 45 m2. 45 |2 6 45 4 8) «5 45 4 4 8. Tie 8 o Io PINE Io Aig Ol s ro 405% 15 9 3 15 |2 of 15 Ae Al ay 15 3 11 3° Io 5 30 2 0 30 4 2) 45 3° 3 9 : 45 |tr 7 45 |r 10% 45; | ppeah en 45 3 7 eB} 2 0 TG 2 0 Iu 9 20 Sak Aiea, 2 0 Syl Gl! 65s m 615) (lrg 8 TGe* ey |Cage 15 Se Sl ass 15 ay) 5 30 14 9 30 i. 6 8. 30 3. 6 sz 30 gk) 4 45 15 10 45 I 43 45 Fig Al) bss 45 3 3| W. 3.0 rz 16 ce. I 33] s.w. 70 Ber Oe. 3 0 Ae 15 Tig [1 15 1 15 Beh Die ais 15 305 30 Ig 6 30 I oF 30 Teale’ aaa 30 3 0] W. 45 20 6 45 I oO|W.NW. 45 2 l| SR 45 2 11 4,0 2k 4.0 o 114 4.0 Zetec 4.0 2 10 15 2202 15 ° 9 15 3 6 ” 15 2 9 30 22 9 30 o 8 30 AameA ian 30 Qu 8 45/23 3 45 |0 7 45 6 -8) Nw. 45 2 8 ere 23°°7 cate On 62 5 0 Se6h bane Del 7, 15 23°09 15 °o 6 15 TOMI ZF si 15 Din Gls as 30 23 10 30 Ci 30 T Tigh Ollie 30 Zel 5 45 23 10 45 °o 4 45 12 3) 45 2 5 6.0 zat 2s 60 °o.3/ N 60 TS Ol es 6.0 2 4| N.w. BS 2%) 3 15 On3 15 13 5) NW 15 au 3 30 22 18 30 2 9 30 TS.1C(0 wee 30 2 3 45 21 10 45 3 Io 45 4 9 5 45 2 3 Zhe ype 4 5 750 I4 2 95 7 © 2 2 15 20 4 15 5 1 15 14 I) 4, 15 2 2 30 Ig 6 30 Sle aol 30 Tsp. S|) ies 30 2 6| Now. 45 13 6 45 5 11 45 12 10] NW 45 BullG ° ry 16 8 o 60 4 8 0 ES lla 8 0 | 15 16 6 15 fab 15 EE veh Of ing 15 R19 30 Ee iS 30 6 8 30 FOeEIL! 30 6 6 45 |14 Io 45 |6 6 45. j10 4] 4, 45 qi 5 13 10 9 0° 5 11} 9 0° Qetol” sas 9 0 8 3 —e 15 |t2 11 TSiy t4|5ee 8 15 9 5] os 15 8 9 Deals 30 T2410 30 5 of 30 GiB Ol) gaa 30 oe 7 45 [Ir 3 45 |4 9 45 8 7 4 45 8 2 xe Io 7 Io o 4 7 10 oO er | es IO o 7 9Q| Nw. 15 9 8 5 |4 5 15 7 11) 45 15 7 3/Deals up 390 9 2 30° 4 3 30 ie wh ” 30 65/7 45 8 5 45 |4 2 45 7/3) 4s 45 6 3 7 9 Ilo pete TG Gatti c, II oO 6 11 15 7 2 15) .|3 40 15 On 7 ss 15 5 9 30 6 8 305 2134 8 30 654) oe || 30 5 6 5P.M.| 6 o 45P.Mj3 6 45PM.| 6 o| ,, | A5P.M.| 5 3 156 REPORT—1864.. May 21.—1864. om.” * GAINSBOROUGH. Goote. Nasurn Lock. Time. |'Tide.|Wind.| Time. |'Tide.|Wind. || Time. | Tide. Wind. Time. | Tide./Wind. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hom /ft. in. h m_ (ft. in. TZ) OAM. § 8 12.70 AMIg* Aol) N, 12 OAM) 5° 9) N.° ll12 OAM) G oF 15 a 7 1. fis se 15 5 6 15 4 10 30 5 10 jo" ig" 2 3° SmeS|\ Pas 30 4 8 45 6 3 45 |3 0 45 5 oO 4» 45 4 6 if ae) PA Ea 8) 2 103! 10 AATO| 4; ro 4 4 15 8 2 15 2s 15 APTS Aes 15 ied 30 9: 05 30 27 | 30 4 6 » 30 4 0 45 |lo 5 45 |2 6 45 4 4 » 45 3 10 260 ir 6 Zao 2 4h 20 hae AMD 2 0 3 8 15 12 8 15 Zs 15 Aa Sor GF 15 q16 30 14 0 30 Zee 30 3.10)» 30 BY al 45 15 © 45 |2 0 45 3 8) 545 45 BES 3.0 ToT 2 3.0 I 10% 3°°o S 406i. #8, ro ek) 15 wie BA 15 ro us) 3 4) 15 ST Ee 30 18 11 30 1 8 30 qetait, Py 30 ao 45 20 oO 45 C7 45 3 O|N.N.W. 45 211 4 0 20 10 4,0 ar 5 40 210) ‘5; 4.16 2 10 15 2207 15 I 32 15 2° 9] 45 15 LO 30 22 30 30 1%) ap 30 cee AN an 30 2 to) “IN. 45 [23 6 45 jo 113 45 5 Po) ae 45 2 8 5.2 ae ty sy o 10 rg 7 6 3 a ae a 24 5 15 cas 15 9." S| as 15 HY 30 24 8 30 o 83 30 Live 3) aesy 30 216 4524. 10 45 jo 8 45 |12 6 ,, 45 2 6 6 0 25 0 60 o 7) N 60 TSI bO| etsy 60 216 15 24 10 15 °o 6 | 15 14 4! N.N.W. 15 2 6) nw. 30 24 8 30 Oo 4 30 14. 10] ~ 5; 30 2 6 45 |24 0 45 |3 6 45 115 3] ow 45 2 6 pee Zi} SS) if 2) 4 7 ips 5) 55] 99 1? es 5 15 22 6 15 ke) 15 rs (16) ) 4 15 ee 30 2I 9 30 6 0 30 Pei] oy 30 2 5, N. 45 20 11 45 |6 9 45 l!4 7] 45 a. 1 8 0 20 2 re) sie) 80 i a co) mT) 8 0 aa Gh 15 19) | 2 15 7416 15 12) fO) “ 15 5 8 30 re 63 30 nD 30 12 “io| aby 30 6 11 45 |!7 3 45 |7 93 45 |Ir 5] os 45 8 0 9 0 16 4 9 0 hase) 9 0° IO 10} 4; 9 0° 9 oO ile HES 25 G28 15 |10 4] 4, 15 Re 30 |14 6 go. 1G oes 3° 9 9} 1 32 = jlo o ee 45 |6 o 45 9 3] 4» 45 g 11 190 Oo To) 0 Io 0 5 6 Io Oo 8 10) 4 10 oO g 5| N: 15 Tr tS 15 5 A: 15 3 46} — &, 15 8 10 30 Io II 30 aac! | 30 S42) 30 8 3 45 Shy) 45 5 1 45 7 10} 45 45 7 te IIo 9 5 IIo 4 10 Ir o 6) o II 0 7 6 15 8 9 5 |4 9 15 7 2] %; 15 7 2 30 8 o 30 A 7 30 Gan) 5 30 6 10 45A4.M.) 7 5 45A.M.14 3 454M.) 6 9) ,, 454M. 6 5 ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. May 21.—1864, 157 Hott. GAINSBOROUGH. Goore. Nasurn Lock. Time. |Tide.|Wind. || Time. |Tide.|Wind. || Time. | Tide. Wind. |) Time. | Tide./Wind. h m_ [ft. in. h m_ |ft, in. hm ft. in. h m_ [ft. in, 12. OP.M.| 7 © 12 OP.Mj4 13| N. ||12 OP.M.| 6 7|N.N.W. ||12 OP.M| 6 1 15 br-7 15 3 10 15 62) i) Sax. 15 5 10] NW. 30 (Jae i360) a8 9 30 bpi-ol. Oe 30 5 8 45 6 2 45 |3 73 45 5 9)» 45 5/6 Io 6 | 5 EO 3 6 Ww. Io ia 6} o;, ro 5 4 15 7 Be 15 3 32 15 5) +3) 9 5) 5x03 30 7 10 30 3 2 30 5) Oly ae 30 Epa 45 a 9 45 3 0 45 4 10)» 45 4 11 2,0 9 9 20 2 93 20 4) 8) Oy z 0 4 9 15 II oO 15 2 81 15 Amy iG) 83, 15 a 300/122 go jz 63 30 43) » 3° 45 45 aS) 3 45 2 5 45 sig Weel | Se ade 45 + 4 a 2 m 5 The 2 3 &) AS 3 11) 3», 3 0 45. 3}, VAs 15 |15 8 TSh eZ 15 3.9) » 15 4 2 30 16 I0 30 1 113 30 eG | mare 30 4.0 45 18 2 45 |r 10 45 3 5) » 45 3.11 4° j19 6 #0 ) | 9 4.0 3 4, » ||4 0 3 9 15 20 6 15 1 8 15 Eee aear 15 318 30 ee. 7 3° I 7 30 3 2] 5 30 SA as 45 |22 6 45 |r 6 45 3-3 » 45 3 6 5 Oo [23 2 5° |r 43 5 0 4F 2) Mat | 59 ar G6 15 23 10 15 re 3 15 6) 8) +3; 15 ah 5 30 24 3 30 I 2 38 8 8) 30 3 4 45 ear 7. 45 rol 45 TOU Sir oe 45 3h 3 60 24. 9 6.0 te O°] =cW: 6 0 1281 Z|, B5, 60 Beis is 24. 10 15 Tt oO 15 13° 2| N.w. 15 ar) 2! 30 24. 7 30 o1r 30 14% || ©}, 30 ge ail gy: 45 24 3 45 9 10 45 14 To) 45 BF I 7 Oe |2g): 8 Tin O* 1 13e2 6 7 @ | eirdy' ai a, oe Cam) 15 22 11 | ae 4 6 15 nigh 6) Bas 15 ) 30 22 2 30 Cy AES) 30 op 7 9 30 211 45 |2r 4 45 |6 3 45 |15 6 © ,, 45 2 11 8 0 20 5 8 0 6 I0 8 o ES, Ti 85; 8 o 4s 1} OW. TS a 5 15 Tet 2 15 Ea’ 3) eh 15 an 3 30184 go = 786 32 | MIS 7) OF; 30 6 3 45 |I7 5 45 |7 8 45 |12 9) 5, 45 a: & 9 0 16 8 9 0 7 9 9 0 TZ) Gl ©; 9 0 on) a5 155 7 FS = |nvG FS (TO \4l 24, 15 9 6 30 14 7\* 30 tO 30 EON 19) SS 30 10 Oo] w. 45 |13 8 45 |6 3 45 {19 3) y || 45 |10 2 Io o IZ 9 Io o Garo Com} qt 9) @,, 2% TO: 6 9 11 15 |r 8 F5 Sp 9 15 9 3) » 15 9 6 30 10 Io 30 5 6 30 8 10} 5, 30 9 © 45 10 © 45 |5 3 45 8 5) 45 8 5 |Ir oO 9 4 II o 4 11 1b Ge) So) 8, II o yg 15 8 8 5 |4 9 15 7 3 15 7 4 30 7 11 30/4 «6 3° 7 4, » 30 7 | © 45P.M.| 7 2 45P.M.j4 3 AS PM! Fe Ol 24, 45P.M.| 6 8 ee ee Nh eee 158 REPORT—1864. May 22.—1864. Hou. GAINSBOROUGH. GooL. | Time. |Tide.|Wind.| Time. |Tide.|Wind.|/ Time. | Tide. h m __ /ft. in. bh, my eet yan. h m_ ft, in. Iz OAM) 6 6 IZ OAM|4 0 | N.N.W.||12. 0AM.) 6 9 15 6 +2, 15 3 10 15 6 6 30 Rhy 30 30 83 30 6 2 45 |S 2 452 js: 6 45 5 11 Io ae Ie? ne) ae Io 5 8 15 ee) 15 on 15 bee 5 30 6 2 30/3 (On 30 5 2 45 7.13 45 2 10 45 411 280 8 5 2,10 2 9 20 aes 15 9 3 15 2) 75 15 4 6 30 = |10 9 gO ¢ ze 5 30 4 4 45 tm 7% 45 2 4 45 4 2 2.0 Le eee) 20 2 24 BHO ARO 15 ia: 13 15 OP oe 15 3 Io 30 15 6 30 I Io 30 3 8 45 |16 9 45 |r 9 45 3; 6 4.0 17 10 4.0 I 8 4.0 Bt 5 15 19) (3 15 7 15 3 4 30 20 6 30 if 6 30 3 3 45 Es a: 45 1 4 45 ch 5.0 22 10 5.0 1 2 5 0 gto 15 23 3 15 I om 15 3° 6 30 24. 2 30 1 x 30 cia 45 [24 7 A5) @ |texb 45 8 2 60 24. 10 60 I o|NN.W.|] 60 g 10 15 2h 2 15 Tero 15 Ir 6 30 25 5 3° Lo 30 I2 Io 45 25 4 45 Oyar 45 soy 43 7 0 2m) oO 740 ° Io 7a 14 9 15 24 7 15 3 4 15 T5PL 5 30 23 10 30 4 8 30 Tept:9 45) 23 9 45 5 4 45 reo 8 0 22 13 ae) 6 4 \N.byw.|| 8 o 15 8 15 215 15 6 11 15 T5t 2 30 20 6 307 «6 go. [145 45 19) 5 45 7 9 45 ey Zi 9 0 13.7, 9.0 8 0 9 0 Iz 9 15 ry | 8 15 8 23 15 Tat yo 30 16 7 30 8 0 30 Im) 4 45 15 6 45 17 7 45 |Io 9 Io oO 14 8 I0 oO le © 10 0 toms 15 1g, : 8 15 6 5 15 9 8 30 1g, | 9 30 5 112 30 9) 2 45‘ |II 10 45 |5 82 45 8 9 II oO Ta.) I TIO Be is II o 8 5 15 10) 2 15 ise tig 15 Sh a 30 Oy. 3° 5 1 52 Vente) 454M. 8 9 45A.M.14 IF 454M] 7 5 Wind. Nasurn Lock. Time. hm ft. in. I2 OAM. 15 Lal Lol OF NWWABU DANIO HHWNNTO HH HO OWN Lal PAH HOWW HH ONT DO DOANIN CWONO =) ° ° ra cl nn I wo [e} NYY COW DO OUWM OAMUF NYP HNN NPN VN DNV VN WHWHWWWWHWHWWHWAAHDAAAUNUAU ADA Lk Tide. | Wind. 2 a N.W. N.W. ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 159 May 22.—1864. Hun. — GAINSBOROUGH. Goo.Le. Nasurn Lock. Time. | Tide.| Wind.|| Time. | Tide. Wind. | Time. | Tide.|Wind.|) Time. | Tide.| Wind. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. jh m ft. in.| hm ft. in. 12 oPM| 8 o 12 OP.M.|4 9 | W.S.W.||I2 OPM! 7 1| N.W. |l12 OPM.) 6 9 15 7 6 15 4 6 15 6. ro} +5; 15 Bh 30 6 10 30 4s oe 30 Gra ag; 30 Pitts 45 6 3 45 |4 1 45 6 4 » 45 6 © Lwo 5 11 pe To) 4 0 Io Ge Thaers T4o EC) 15 5 8 15 3 10% 15 Seid 24; 15 5 46 w. 30 5 8 30 |3s« 8 3° 5 8 » 30 5 4 Bi} 45 6 2 458219116 45 5 5] 45 Bs 20 6 ro 20 3 4 250 Ge Dass 240 4 10 15 7 10 15 Zio 15 Ar TEI = 45 15 "8 30 8 11 30 2 IIs 30 A 8-35; 30 a6 45. |Io © 45 |2 Tos 45 4 6 ,, 45 4 4 3.0 ir) 3 3,0 2 82 3.0 Ap “Al is 3 30 42 15 Iz 4 15 2 6% 15 4 2 os, 15 A I 30 i 7 30 2 4 30 AO} 63, 30 6) Ir 45 mm 9 45 2 3 45 3 10] », 45 3 9 4 0 16 2 4.0 2 24 4.0 | ee 4 0 3 8] 5.w. 15 17 9 15 2 fo 15 3H 28) gas 15 gi 6 30 Ig 0 30 I Io 30 BH 16) oa, 30 gf 4 45 |20 0 45 |I 95 45 3.4, » 45 a 3 5.0 aX) 2, sO & 9 5.0 Sr 8|| eas Sato Bi| 2 15 22 3 os) 1 8 15 3 2 » 15 3.0 30 ag ot 30 » 16 30 30 "Al sas 30 @ 11 45. |23 10 45 jf 5 45 5 6 » 45 211 60 24. 2 6 0 Bi 4: E 6 0 Ay LO|. ey as 60 2 Io 15 24. 8 15 Bb 3 15 9 8 S=. 15 29 30 24 11 30 HIS 30 rn! 73) 4; 30 on 8 45 a5 2 45 ro1 45 1%) 9! Sm 45 sah ee 710 25 2 Fe) & y03 TO 13 9| NW. || 7 0 2 6 w. 15 25 1 15 Io 15 14% 9g] 4; 15 2 6 30 24 7 30 203 30 2S 7| ibe 30 alee) 45 |24 0 45 |4 6 45 |I5 Io) 45 2 5 Re) ag 2 8 0 5 13 w 8 o 16. ‘Ol bs 8 0 2 4 15 22 6 15 6 3 15 16. 1} os; 15 2 \ 13 30 ges 30 Rito 30 15 11| w. 30 3 11 45 [20 8 45 |7 6 45 115 5/ a 45 4 2| Ww. 9° |19 8 G0 y Taaig 92 0184) 8) oan if] 9 0 awe 15 18 I0 15 Br 15 £4} /TO| «5, 15 Gg 30 18 1 30 $2 30 EDATT) ey, 30 8 o 45 16 Io 45 8 o 45 Late SE) 5, 45 91 fo 10 0 16 o 10 0 $6 10 Oo D146) onsen} |tO).O 9 Io 15 15 0 15 Bid 15 HGNET| 95, 15 Io 4 30 13 II 30 6 6 30 DG 3)! wa 30 10) 5 45 |I2 9 45 |6 o 45 9 9 » 45 |10 0 II o II 10 DELO Rri9 II o 23) os 559 CALLER LO 9 5 1S Ir o 15 5 6 15 3 0] 95, 15 Bi °7 39 |1o 73 Baie Ve 13 30 8 S|» 30 8 0 45P.M./5 2 45P.M.| 8 ©} 9s 45P.M.| 7 7) W 160 REPORT—1864. May 23,—1864. Hott. GAINSBOROUGH. Goo.e. Nasurn Lock. Time. | Tide.;Wind.| Time. |Tide.) Wind.| Time. (Tide, Wind. || Time. | Tide.| Wind. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. T2 OAM) 8 7 IZ OAM.!5 oO | N.w. |112 OAM! 7 8! (WwW. 12 OAM.) 76% 15 8 0 15 4 11 15 7 5] NEW. 15 6 11 30 i TZ 30 4 8 30 ae a) OE, 30 6 6 45 6 7 45 |4 5 45 6 9 » 45 6 3 Io panr i to) 3 Io Gy 5) 2, x to 6 o| w. 15 S15 15 4 0 15 Gr 2h O%; 15 a) 30 4 Io 30 3 Io 30 5 II ” 30 5 7 45 4 8 As: Tae a7 45 5 8 5, 45 54 2 0 4 11 20 3 65 20 re 5 20 5 2 15 5 8 aS OB 1G 3 15 5 2) 15 411 30 6 7 30 ae 2 30 Ari! 2%, 30 4 8 45 7 6 45 |2 Io 45 4 8 » 45 4 5 300 8 9 3.0 oe iS B20 Ao) 6) 9, 3 0 43 15 Io 4 15 ae 16 15 494) 2, 15 ES 30 rt 30 area: 30 4) ai) SE, 30 3 11 45 12 9 45 2 2 45 4 oO » 45 3 9 4 fe) 14 fe) 4 (eo) 2 I 4 fe} 3 Io ” 4 fe) 3 #7; 15 ms 1 6 35 yn} 15 F) Si Bs, 15 3° 5 30 «16 8 go. | IIS 30 3 6 ,, 30 3 4 45 |18 1 45 |r 10 45 3 4 45 3 2 Syed) 19 9 5 0 m9 5.0 qq 3/25 5X0 3 1) NW. 15 20 II 15 m i ts ay x b 15 2 TT 30 21 II 30 mF, 30 pho} aR 30 2 10 45 22 10 45 Tr 6 45 D11| De, 45 29 60 23 8 60 I 5 60 Fes) Oy 60 2 8] nw. 15 a 15 ie 9A: 15 GP oes, 15 eg 30 24. 11 30 rt 30 So03) ae 30 a6 45 25 4 45 I 13 45 10 6 ” 45 2 5 Fado 25° 7 Fae 2) ae pie) 12 3) » 7 Oo 2 4 15 25 11 15 Do 15 13 6 ,, 15 a 3 30 25 10 30 H to 30 14 7| “% 30 2 3/- XN. poe. eo 45 |15 5] » 45 19 2}, [own 8 o 2 2) 8 o 4 0 8 0 ro | @s 8 0 FS nean mit 15 24 6 15 5 0 15 1@ _5|_2%, 15 3.0 30 23 «9 30 6 1 N 30 16 6) N. 30 Zi id 45 |23 © 45 |6 9 45 |16 6) ,, 45 3 0 9 0 22 Al 9 0 Wri 9 0 LO! 3) Se; 9 0 Zz. 7) OM 15 vai 15 8 0 15 15 to) 2%, 15 4 11 30 20) 5 30 $ 4 30 Thy O| OF; 30 Gs 45 |19 5 45 |8 8 45 |14 2) 5 45 7G Io o 18 6 10 oO 8 9 10 oO 13) 3) S582 4|Xo 8 7 15 wy °6, 15 8 33 15 12) U7 Bs 15 9. 6 30 16 6 30 Brae 30 Dr To) OF, 30 15: 3 45 |15 4 a5 aK FF 45. Sire! 45 |Io 8 TL) tO 14 6 IIo 7 oF II 0 TO) 8) O20 lve So Io g| NX. 15 13 09 {| ax i 16 15 10 2 4 30 1218 |) 30 6 3S 30 9 8 6 ASAM.JII II 45A.M.|5 II 454M.) 9 3 I ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. May 23.—1864. 161 Hott. ih m ft. in. Noon, |1r 2 IZI5P.MjIO 4 30 9 6 45 3 9 ze) Se 2 15 am 6 30 mat 45 6 8 2 0 Gos 15 6 6 30 6 10 45 Fi aid a0 8 7 15 9 8 3° Io 10 45 12 0 4 0 5) 15 14 6 30 eae? 45 16 11 5 0 18 1 15 2945 30 20 9 45 Bey 6 0 22 10 15 23 «8 30 24 5 45 aa 9 7 0° Reto) 15 Foe 9 A 30 25 6 45 eee 8 o Ze 2, 15 24. 8 30 23 11 45 ze ee 9 0 220 ee) 15 255 30 20 6 45 |19 6 Io 0 18 9 15 cae? 30 16 9 45 |15 8 II o 14 7 15 nor 9 30 12 10 45P.M.|I2 0 Time. | Tide.| Wind. Time. 12 15 P.M. Tide. ft. i 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 I I I I I I I I 4 5 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 7 6 6 6 5 Ll SN WCOOKRE HNO ONDA Qo OO hWUN i bos oe OHPMHNTWY DAN OW HWUWWR DOO Om O HWE QUO I 5 tol im tole Lol bl bole bol bol GAINSBOROUGI. Wind. N.N.E. GooLe. Time. hm Noon. 1215 P.M. 30 45 Io 15 30 Tide. ft. in. 8 10 ONIPFPLOWwWHKHwWHYADHARERUUUY DD Ha~1~1 ~1 00 00 Le ee ODO OH HF RPWHBUANDAGAKNUHPwW DN » I] ~ Wind. Nasvurn Lock. Time. | Tide. Wind. 3 3 2 I I ° ro) 7 8 I 4| Calm. 6 7 2 7 2 9 3 162 REPORT—1864. May 24,—1864. Hout. GAINSBOROUGH. GooxeE. Nasurn Lock. Time. |Tide.|Wind.|| Time. |Tide.| Wind.|| Time. | Tide.|Wind.|| Time. |Tide.| Wind. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. 12 OAM.J|II 2 12 OAMJ|5 6|N.NE. |l12 OAM) 8 g| N. |i12 OAM! 8 8 15 Io 5 15 5 a4 15 8 5} os 15 8 1| N.w. 30 9 7 30 Far) 3c Spates ~ 30 a iG 45 8 9 45 |4 To 45 7 9» 45 Fe (2 Io 7 Io ro 4 8 Io aw 5) edas Io 6 11 1S Te 46 15 A 8 15 Dy eA Y 15 6 8 30 6 Io 30 4 3% 30 6iRig|| ise 30 6 4 45 6 4 45 |4 1 45 6 5) 45 6 © ZO 5 Io 20 3 Io 250 642) ai) 20 5 9 15 5 8 15 328 15 ea 15 5 6) Calm. 30 Ene yy 303 G 30 5 8 30 nme 45 5 11 45 13 4 45 5 5| 45 411 3.0 6 9 3 0 322 3.0 eeihare 3.0 4 8 5 te 9 15 3%9 15 4 11) » ui a8) 30 9 0 30 2 (te 30 AE'8|\ Ge 30 Dr3 45 |lo 1 45 |2 8 45 4 4 45 4 2 Ago, ODE ‘th 40 |2 6 4 0 4 4 » [4 0 4 0 15 Iz 6 15 Zs 15 Ae 2) i 15 3 10 go 15 18 30. 24 30 4 Fo » 30 3 8 45 14 Io 45 “i283 45 4890). ty 45 3 6 SxO 16 3 5 0 2.2 5 0° 3° 9) » 56 a4) 15 WG is 15 2 1 15 gm8|) ee 15 aya. 30 18g go bE uxt 30 387) aR 30 ae 45 20 oO 45 TAI 45 3° S|moe 45 a2/0 6.0 21 0 6 0 I 9 60 eh ee 60 2 II 15 22 3 15 t 8 15 3 I/N.N.W. 15 2 Ic 30 23 «0 30 Oe 4 3° BTS) Use 39 zag 45 "12% To 45 |r 6 45 5a) te 45 Bei7 750 24. 6 7.0 Dits 70 FIO! 4, 7.0 2° 6) WN. 15 24 11 a5 EAS 15 9 7) » 15 2 5! (down 30 25) 53 30 xe"8 3° Ir 7) 4» 3° 2 =,9)Deals 45 25 6 45 |I 13 45 |12 Io) 45 2 Io 8 o 25 8 8 o rio 8 o 13°10] 5, 8 o 33.0 15 25 5 15 Io 15 PERO! 15 2 8|Deals up 30 25 I 30 rio 30 15* 9) “3 30 2 5 45 24 5 45 |4 6 45 |16 3 yy 45 2 3 9x0 Sag yg 9.0 415946 9:0 + 42604) Spe He 9x9 2 1 15 22 11 15 6 3 15 TOTV3|) Bs 15 2 0 30 ay Or 30 74 30 T6505) tes 30 2 0 45 eee 45 7* 8 45 Eo e7| oa 45 ars 10 o 20 0 10 0 8 o Io oO 14, 10} ,, 10 oO R220 15 |18 a1 5 «68 5 15} Mag@eal os |i Sag 6 5 30 18 o 30 8 3 30 1 Yad Co) | har 30 7 1 45 |I7 © 45 |8 3 45 |t2 2] 45 8 11 IIo 16 0 II oO 7 11 IIo 519) (6|) ¢; TI, 0 9 10 15 14 II 15 Tete 15 ToeLr| 33 15 Io 5 30 = |1g. 0 30 «(6 6 BO. if M10"? 3) a5 30 = |10. 7] &W 45A.M.|12 11 45AM./6 1 454M.) 9 9] 4 45A.M.J10 3 te ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. May 24.—1864. Hon GAINSBOROUGH. GooLe. Time, |Tide Wind. || Time. | Tide. Wind.) Time. | Tide.| Wind. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. Noon. |11 11 Noon. {5 9] n.E. || Noon. | 9 3/N.N.w. IZI5PM.J1I 2 I215P.M./5 63 IZ15P.M.| g Io| &. 30 To 3 30 Cree: 30 Shi Gh sy 45 9 4 45-15 2 45 ae |r i <0 ® 6 Io 52 0 Io yeas | eanee 15 ce} oS) 4 10 15 7 4 9» 30 Zo 30 kay il Mk 3° Tagg SN e39 45 6 3 45 |4 5 45 6 9 » 20 5 8 2.0 4 24 20 me | ee 15 5-2 15 4. © 15 Gel ah ys 30 4 8 30 3 I0 30 5i-TQ] cy 45 4 5 45 13° 8 45 vile 3.0 4 7 3,0 |3 6% 3.0 5 4 15 Bat 45° (09 4 15 Swell 33 30 6 3 G0. i; 35-3 30 431 oy 45 RB \2 45 4035 25 45 4 8 4.0 $ 3 4.0 2 nT 40 Ain Gl ays 15 9 6 15 pee tel 15 4 4 » 30 19 °7 30 2 82 30 4 2) » 45 Ir Ir 45- |2 6 45 Age? Ol ose Sv 1g 1 5,2 2 4 5.5 SaFO|, ea 15 14 6 £5 os ae 15 Ba Sl sig 39 = |I5 og 39 |2 2 30 3.6 45 |17 0 45 |2. 0% 45 3 4 6.0 18 3 60 DoT 60 See Slan 15 19 6 15 1 93 15 3 2) W.S.W 30 20 0 30 1 8 30 qT Ole 45 2-9 45 nas 45 210) 7 oS 22 6 7 © ep 8. 70 Ze 9 Fes 15 23 3 6) Bah) 15 4 OO ox “30 Fa) 20 qe mE 4 30 6 7 ow» 45 |24 3 45 |r 3 45 8 9 8 0 24 6 8 0 Lis 8 o TO Stn ua, 15 24 9 i Ley 15 Ts) Ol, we 30 24 10 30 I of 30 ce pol ens 45 |24 8 45 |r 0 45 |14 2) 9.0 24 4 9 0 o Il 9 0 14 9| S.w. 5) 2a 49 15 3079 15 Bige) 2 ay 3° ean 2 30 5058 30 Le) ae) fee ‘ 45 22 4 45 |5 8 45 |15 5) m |Io 0 2g 6 Io oO DY ot 10 O weet Al) as, : 15 20 8 15 6h: 15 TAs Tl) io . 30 Ig 9 30 To 1B 30 TAs, 2) 45 45 |18 9 45 = (7.05 45 113 4 » II o 7 10 Lr. 0 re 1 © T2%' |G) is. 15 16 6 15 Pee 15 TT Bi aan 30 I5 Io 30 (ae 9) 30 Ow DE! 45 P.M./14 10 45 P.M.6 11 45P.M.|IO 4|. ,, 163 Nasvyrn Lock. Time. hm Noon. 12 15 P.M. 30 45 Io 15 30 Tide. ft. in. mw NO ian! - al ot co CO}O MIP NOH OOOH HN HWS COO OH OH NDA HWOONDA DO OWN OH PAD eI Wind. N.W. Calm. 5.W. S.W. Calm. M2 164 Hout. Time. | Tide. h m ft. in. 12 OA.M.|I3 10 15 Lau iC 30 Iz 0 45 Tr jo Io fe) 3 I 9 ie 8 8 45 ee 2 0 ee 15 6 8 30 65 3 45 phe aimee 5 4; 15 54 3° Se 45 sae 4 O° 7 10 15 9 O° 30 To 5 45 Ir 8 5 0 12 8 15 13 10 30 15 4 ASB lp) iG 60 1707 15 Ig 0 30 20 8 45 21 10 7° 22 9 15 23 «8 30 245 45 Piy He 8 o or 15 25 Io 30 26) &2 45 |26 4 9 0 26) 92 15 25°49 30 25 4 45 |24 6 10 0 Ps 15 Py OK 30 een 45 21 2 TINO ZO0N3 5) tomes go. 184 45AMJI7 3 REPORT—1864. May 25,—1864. GAINSBOROUGH. Gooxz. Nazurn Locr. Wind.|} Time. |Tide.} Wind.|| Time. |Tide.|Wind.|) Time. |Tide.} Wind. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. IZ OAM.|6 4 8. |[12 OAM] 9 II| S.W. |/12 OAM.J10 5 15 6 o 15 9 6| Nw. 15 g II oo Sheek 38 OES aes 39 saa ih 45 |5 6 45 BET 45 9 2 THO ee Io 823i) 3 Io O17 15 chee 15 Le ON, oe 15 pee) 30 ree ao hog | Bree 39 Te 45 \¢ 6 45 7 oO » 45 6 6 2 0 4 4 2.0 69) SG; 2 0 6 2 15 4 1 15 6G5|| ti 15 Bard 30 3 10 30 CP PR = 30 Bye 45 |3 72 45 5 10} 5, 45 ey 3 3} BS 5 sj fe ABSA. ach 3 0° Bra cly 15 eS 4) 5 4 » 15 Ato 30 oat 39 Shel Bate 39 447 45 211 45 4 1I) 45 4 5 40 |2 9 40 4 8 5, 40 4 3 SiGe te |220 7) 15 4 6 15 4 1 30 2°6| W. 30 A Al 3 30 3.11 45 2 5 45 4 1 » 45 ce) 5 HO 2 3 5 0 Hust ” 5 0 3 7| SW. 15 |2 2 15 3.9) » 15 3 6 3° 2 1 30 ST ss 30 3 3 45 2p. 18) 45 Si) o|Peats 45 3 2 60 1 Io | N.w. || 6 0 REY yer 60 3 OO] Sw. 15 reo 15 oe Lay, 15 loa 30 «| 78 30 Th Bd ete 30 2 Io 45 |r 6 45 3 OF » 45 2 9! W. 7 #0 ta.5 nO 2 TDS, 70 a | 5 |t 4 15 Spe ne, 15 2 6 go. | 3 0.0) 1 S81). 78 go.

3 “ee 34) 7|| a pe 3 0 15 15 8 15 2 i 15 32) S|. ey 15 Z 9 30 16 Io 30 2 © 30 3'263|) Mase 30 27 45. |I7 10 45 rir 45 3. 2 4 45 2 6 8 0 18 10 80 I Io co) Sn lola ge; 80 Bits I$ tg 10 15 is 9 15 ZsIOl "as 15 2 4 30 20. 9 zo. jt 8 30 2 9 33 2 3 45 |21 7 45 |i 63 45 210) 4, 45 2 2 9 0 Sa 3 9 0 re 9 0 Aaa Me 9 0 Zapt 15 22 8 15 r 4 15 Gigi Ol) sss 15 2.1 30 23. «0 30 Lie 3 30 Sgt) Tay 30 Zz 10) 45 23:53 45 re 45 9 19 5 45 2 0 Io o 23 4 Io o I 1 Io 0 Lr jO| “ Aalco? 0 Zo N. 15 23 15 15 L,\0 15 TEeT|) hey 15 I it 30 2a 14 30 oO II 30 12 7| N.N.E. 30 re 45 23 1 45 °o Io 45 132) 45 I Io II o 22 8 II o 2 11 II o Lit 7) ass eae he O I 10 15 22 0 15 3 Io 15 ED EO | lay, 15 I Io 39 piers 3° 5g 30 13 11) 3 3 epee) 45P.M.j20 8 45P.M.|5 71. 45 P.M.|J13 11] 4, 45P.M| Ig nnn ee ————ee 168 REPORT—1864. May 27.—1864. Huw. GAINSBOROUGH. GooLe. Nasurn Locks. Time. | Tide. Wind.|| Time. |Tide./Wind. || Time. | Tide. Wind. || Time. | Tide./Wind. h m_ (ft. in. h m_ (ft, in h m_ /[ft. in. h m_ {ft. in. IZ OA.M./19 I0 12 OAM|6 oO | N.w. |/12 OAM/13 7| N.N.E. |/12 OAM! 2 5 15 19 2 15 6 4 15 13 O} NE, 15 3 4 30 re 53 30 6 8 30 1 Se} 30 4-5 45 lI7 4 45 (611 45 |r 8) 5 45 5 6 Io 1G) 05 Io aes rao Tt) <2) Io 6 6| Calm. 15 15 6 15 qe 15 190 6] ,, 15 va 30 4% 6 30 6 10 30 LO) G|. oye 30 TD aS SEs TG 45 |6 2 45 9 6 5, 45 343 ZO 12 9 2 10 5° 7 20 Geer A 29 8 5 15 Wea 15 Se eI 5 8 9) » 15 81 30 TL $2 30 an igs 30 SEA ey 30 7 6 45 PIS a7 45 |4 83 45 711) 45 6 31 3 0 o +9 39° 4 4 30 PRG Sel lg 6 5 15 9 2 15 a 15 Teel) Gs 15 6 0 30 8 6 30/3: 103 ao) asa 3° 5 9 45 7 10 45 |3 8 45 6 9 » 45 5 6, Calm. 4 0 ay, 40 |3 6% 4.0 6 5 » 140 523 15 Fe 15 30 53 15 6A)2)) es 15 5 0 30 6 Io 30 Be Ga 30 ero}! 30 4 10 45 6 10 45 (86.2 | 45 Ree) SF 45 Rely BLO Ue 5: 80 OES 5,40 Sea a3 5muc 4 4 15 ig 28 15 2 10 15 Gay Tl. tas 15 aed 30 iS. kG 30 2 9 30 AIO) “sy 30 3 Io 45 G59 45 aed, 45 4 7) ow» 45 347, 60 10 Io 60 2 5 | Nw. || 6-0 4° 4), 6 0 ee 15 II Io 15 J we} 15 4 2) N.w. 15 Bee Ei) 30 2 8 30 2 14 30 avniol 53 30 gee 45 aan oe 45 zat 45 ce (2 a 45 Eis 32 7G 14 9 70 I riz 7° gris). 5: 7 0 Fao} WwW. 15 rs a9 15 I 10 15 Re 6) 3 15 2 11 30 16 8 30 I 2 30 gri4| 30 2 10 45 Ya) z 4 3} 2 8 o Ig 0 ee re 7 8 3 : Tl) oe rae 3 elpelfo™™ 15 20 0 15 r= 6 15 2 a5|) GF 15 2 8|Deals up. 30 wT 40 30 I 43 30 2 Yo) a 30 2 6 45 ZS 45 eae 45 21 3 45 2 5 92 c= Ne) Lar Bye 44 » 90 243 15 Rey 15 : le 15 6)" 2) ° 93 15 22, 30 2g 37 30 reo 30 7 fe 30 foe 45 |23 To 45 joi 45 9 § ,, 45 2 0 10 0 Dee tx 10 0 o 10 I0 Oo 1o)11| 3 “xo +o 111} w. 15 24 12 15 ° 9 15 Tze Ol ae 15 I iI 30 24 «1 30 lo = "85 30 TZ. OQ}. “ay 30 I 10 45 23 9 45 jo 8 45 [13 5) » 45 19 Ir oO 2a 05 II o Z*'o |r Ww." rr 0 TZP1O! *s; 1I 0 ras 15 22 Io 15 aL 15 waoes|| oF 15 a7 39 22 3 39/4 3 30,143) 30 1 6 45A.M./2I 5 45A.M./4 II 45A.M./14 3] yy 454M. 1 6 May 27.—1864. | Huw GAINSBOROUGH. Goo.e. Nasurn Lock. Time. |Tide.}Wind.| Time. | Tide./Wind. | Time. |Tide.} Wind.|| Time. | Tide. Wind. h m_ (ft. in. h m_ ft. in. hm ft. in, ‘hm {ff. in Noon. |z0 8 Noon. |5 6] w. Noon. |14 0] n.w. || Noon. | 1 6 12 15 P.M./19 10 IZ15P.M./5 9g IZ2T5PM\1Z 8) «:, IZ15P.M.| 3 Oo 30. «19 1 30/6 oo go fiz 8], 30 4 0 45 18 2 45 |6 4 45 |r Io) ,, 45 4 11 ro 17 4 Io 6 6 |} x 0 Lah ns, Io 6 o WwW. 15 m0) 13 15 Gr te 15 row t7|. 24, 15 6 11 39/15 4 Boi). HORNS. 39 [roo], 30 79 45 |14 4 45 |5 6 45 9 7] » 45 8 3 2 0 mgt 7 ZO 4 113 20 sil are || ie Hc) Sis 15 |1z2 8 15 |4 93 15 8 7] 15 8 3 3° 0—s | _-10 39/478 30 3 2], 30 Ded 45 IIo 45 Ga 45 BA Wt 45 ES B03 re) 3 g70) Fit 3 30 PAG Me It sO 6 6 w. 15 9 8 15 4 2 |W.NW.|| 15 rn 22; Pe, 15 6 0 30 $11 30 4 0 30 GpenH| 30 ee! 45 8 3 45 |3 10 45 6 7 os 45 3 40 7 8 Bras Pes 4.0 Gg) at 400 Sess 15 7 2 15). F306 15 - iaer 15 4 9 © 30 6 8 ae aad 30 Be Tay Ph 30 4 6 45 6 4 45 |3 3 45 5 6, 45 4 4 ae ee Ce pl ae 50 SiS) Soe WS @ PE Aa) ee 15 O75 Shih iz © 15 5 oF 15 4 0 30 6 8 30 2 11 30 #5 To|) hy; 30 3 10 45 rN 45 |2 9 45 4 8 ,, 45 3 8 6 0 Sto 6 0 2 6|w.n.w.|| 6 0 aay al. Oy: 60 Bt 6 15 8 9 15 a 5 15 AME S| fy 15 BOA aN. 30 9 8 30 2 4 30 4 9 4 30 3 2 45 |to0 6 45 |2 3 45 3 10] ,, 45 Sede 7 Oo Ir 6 70° 2 2 a Si ts oe 7 0 2 11 15 12 6 15 2. 0 15 ah 6] ee 15 2 9 30 139 30 baa i 30 BP Al Soe 30 ae | 45 |14 8 45 |1 10 45 3 2] &, 45 2 6 8 o HG 2S 8 o I 9 8 0 Cin oa 8 0 2p Gl eta 15 16 8 15 re eS 15 2) Ti ee 15 2 3 30 17 11 30 ee 37 3° PhS) | 30 Fo 45 |18 11 45 |r 6 45 2 9 5 45 thc 19 0 Ig Io 9 0° ah 5 9 0° Zk | oar 9 0° 2 0 y 65S 20 9 15 i 2 15 po Mey | eas 15 2 0 30 iG) 30 m3 30 3 2) NE 30 i 45 Ee 3 45 12 45 4 64 ,, 45 tot 10 oO 2207 Io oO mB Io o Gt) 3h..Y SPF liza" 6 TS 15 23 0 15 oO Ir 15 SF) | es 15 I Io 30 234 30 Oo 9F 30 9, 7 ee 30 419 45 23 6 45 jo 8 45 10 3) ,, ae a ee Io aa Vs TT 10 o 7 II 0 Eee eee er gd Nats 15 2317 15 ne) 15 12) 3 GN: 15 r 8 30 za) 6 30 o 63 30 NY yapats) lames 30 bak 45P.M.|23 2 45P.M.io 6 45 P.M.113 5] © ,, 45P.M. I 7 ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS, 169 170 _, REPorT—1864. May 28.—1864. | Hout. GAINSBOROUGH. | Gooxs, Naszourn Lock. Time. |Tide., Wind.|) Time. | Tide. Wind. | Time. | Tide. | Time. | Tide. |Wind. h m_{ft. in. h m 4 |ft.in: [h m_ . if. in. lh m_ |ftedn. IZ OAM.|22 8 12 OAMJI 6 Ns ||12 OAM./13 I2 OAM.| 1. 6 15 22 2 15 es 15 13 11 15 i, 6 30 2L 7 30 ZI 30 LAat 30 Bigs § 45 20 10 45 |3 6 45 |13 To) 45 I 5 Io 20 4! re) 4 0 Io 13ee 4! ree) QoL Tl) News 5 yd 15 4.5 5) cee) as oo 30 18 8 30 4 10 30 Il I 30 49 45 179 45 5a 4 45 eh ee 45 ap) 9 2 0 17 Oo} Zz 0 519 | 2 0 10 8 270 6 6 15 16 0 15 6 0 15 TO I 15 Gee 5 30 pt 30 5 10 | 30 omy 30 7 11 45 |14 3 45 5 |5- 6 45) 4 Oe 2 45 8 3 3.0 13 6 Zu 0 5m 10 3.0 8 8 29 8 4 15 IZ 9 15 4 9 15 ou 3 15 7 Io 30 120 30 4 6 30 711 30 on 2 45 tt 4 45 |4 3 | 45 Te 7 45 6 6 4.0 IO 9 4.0 ame) | 4 0 7 4 40 5 11] Nw. 15 1 15 3B 19 ay Te 2 15 5 7 3° 9 8 39 3:9 30 6 8 30 5 4 45 9 2 45° [3k 2 45 Ge 5 45 5 2 5 0 8 I0 50 beige 15 0 6 2 5 0 5 © 15 8 8 15 35 6 15 5 11 15 4 10 30 3:17 30/38 4 | 30 5 8 30 47 45 8 9 45 |3 2 45 5a 45 4 4 60 B53 60 3510 (60 See 2 60 4 1 15 9 9 15 2 10g PeRG EI Se 15 3 11 30 10 6 30 25. 'D boc 4 Io 30 3 9 45 WRITS 45 2 8 | 45 4 8 45 3 8 720 12° 2 7-0 2 6 710. Dal AEs 7 0 3. 7) ewe 15 12 Io 15 ya ol D5) eae 3 15 2/6 32 13° 9 39 or i 32 40 39 3 4 45 14) 9 45 ae 1 45 4370 45 3 2 8 0 15 6 8 o 20 18 0 45.8 ge 3.0 15 16 6 15 I 11 | BNE. 15 34) 6 15 2 10 30 17) 4 30 I Io 30 ZF 4 30 a 8 45 |18 8 45 |r 8 | 45 3. 3 45 2.7 9 0 I9 6 9 0° ey 1/9 0 25-1 9 0 2 6 15 20), 5 15 6 15 3.0 15 ae1'S 30 25673 30 ss 30 Bane 30 2 4 45 eee 45 te 45 4 8 +5 Sars Io 0 22 5 Io Oo i, 2 Io o Sp) Io 0 2, 2| SW, 15 22) CT 15 Io 15 Ce 15 Bas T 30 23° 5 30 Io 30 8 Io 30 2. 0 45 |23 8 45 jo 1 45 \ ato); 2 45 2 0 II 0 23 Io II 0 ° 10 II 0 Ir 2 II 0 I II 15 23 10 15 °.9 15 12a 15 I 10 30 2309 30 o 8 30 12.8 30 i 9 45 A.M.|23 4 45AM.JO 7 45A4M.13 4 45AM) I 8 ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS, May 28,—1864. Hott. GAINSBOROUGH. Goouz. Time. | Tide. | Wind. Time. | Tide./Wind. |) Time. | Tide.|Wind. hm. ..}ftsin, h m_ |{ft. in. hy m4 aift-san. Noon. |22 10 Noon. |2 6 | u.n.u. |} Noon. [13 9| N.N.W. IZ215P.M|j22 4 IZ215P.M|/3 44 (IZ 15 P.MJI4 ©] 5, 30 21 8 30 4.0 30 ee die 45 2a. 2 45 4 7 45 4 I) 5-99 to) 20 4 {0 5. OF ro 13 10] ,; 15 ‘|I9 8 25 oo (Ber i6 15 193. 9) ow 9 30 5 10 30 2p Giaans Io 45 Gur 45 LE, TO|| “s\55 Il ZO Guin 25 PE |e ° 15 6) V3" 15 TOP S| hays 2) 30 5 10 30 ON atl sates 5 45 S505 45 95 A\ Gaz 6 3.0 5,90 a0 10 Sig | |enss 9 1S |4 9 15 8 9} » fo} 30 4 6 30 8 4 ” 3 45 4 5 45 8 oO} 5, 6 4° l4 3 4.0 7 8 » HO 15 4 1 15 7 4 oo» 2 30 3 il 30 7 BS ” 6 AS +. 130 9 45 6a0) ,, ° 5 50: loerl tp 378 52 6 7» 5 15/3, 6 15 6 4) » 2 2° ip (3 38 30 6 1 y ue 45 35 2 45 510 yy 8 60 a, 40 60 eal 55 8 15 2 10} 15 Lent) ieee. II 30 2 95 30 EO! a5 5 45 |2 73 45 4 9 oy = ae 2 6 es 4 7 ” ao 15 |2 48 15 4 5) » 7 30 2 3 3° 4 3) » 6 45 2 1% 45 4 0 ” 6 8 o a, 10%] We 8 0 anol ae 3 15 ae 15 BeixS|) eogs 3 30 I Io 30 3 2) » 3 45 I 9 45 311) S| Gory 9 9.9 iF Ae o7d 9 0 SB oss II 15 I 6 15 Be 2| oi, ° 30.0 iT 4a 30 SHO, gs 10 45 |L 32 45 ETT 5 a 7 10 0 I 25 Io 0 2aNON ass 5 15 i. 42 15 2a lai, 2 “30 aie 30 2 Ol ees 9 45 oe ie 45 3 4 » 4 II o Ba | AN.y HTT .0 ASG Br 8 15 jor B54 Sole a5 la 95 II 30 ° 10 30 6 To”, I 45P.M.|0 9 Zacpm| 8 1] ,, . | 171 Nasurn Lock. Se ee ee NY YY NYY YP NYDN DPWWHWWHWWHWHDHHAHPH HUAN ADIN 000 OO ON) DANPWW HH HH Tide. ft. in. 6 6 4 ° OH DHT Ni # DOW DO O = _ ~ OO HW DO O HWM OH NA La en ae | “SIcCoS OO bh Oh WHR DN CO Wind. N.W. W. W. Ww. 172 REPORT—1864. May 29,—1864. Hott. GAINSBOROUGH. GooLe. Nasvrn Lock. Time. | Tide.) Wind. || Time. | Tide.)Wind.|) Time. |Tide./Wind. || Time. |Tide.|Wind. hm {ft. in. h m_ ft. in. /h m — ft. in. h m_ ft. in. /I2 OAM./22 2 12 OAM.|O 8 | Ne |/12 OAM.) 9 3/N-NeW. |/12 OAM] I 7 15 |Z2) 3 15 o 8 15 10 63} Nw. 15 r 6 30 |2/2) lat 30 I 103 30 TOP S| ee; 30 I 6 45 21 Io 45 |2 8 45 [1 3)» 45 on) ipo) ye al Io 354: ts 1G) Eee | ass are) Tip las 15 2G eT 15 guar 15 T2270! (es; 15 hae 39 =|20 6 39/4 4 30 TZ 3} ng 30 I 4 45 |19 11 45 |4 83 45 [12 4) 5 45 I 4 20 19 4 240 Sees 2, Dias ell Eb ce aC I 4 15 rs | 7, 15 Fan” 15 Te TO|\ ws, 15 Sige) 30 17 I0 30 i576 I yo Tiot3|| Ps; 30 2 9 45 wy 2 45 5.16 | 45 EO) )=o|, Gk; 45 3. 6| w.s.w. he) TO Erz 3.0 Ge te, 20 Boner |) 55 37a 4 0 15 15 2 .<) 4. Io 15 9 8]; 15 4 9 30 4 5 Be 4 7 3° ple Shae aye ye PS) ee 45 |4 4 45 8 8) 45 6 © 40 1 0 4.0 ave 40 Shea) As 4.0 Gis 15 ide) 15 4 0 15 7AXG| es, 15 6 8 30 a 7 30 3 Io 30 7G) eee 30 6 6 Ay [pad Me) 45 |3 8 45 7 2) 35 45 6 1 DO, fed Lose 5 Se Mike 5.0 6 Io), 5 0 BECO 15 9 Io 15 |3 4 15 6 6 15 5 4 30 g 1 BO gaz. 30 6 3] » 30 Blo 45 8 9 45 |3 8 45 6 of » 45 4 8 6 0 8 6 60 2 ir) N, 60 SPO es 60 A 5, 15 8 4 15 2 On 15 iS 1 1G| ONG 15 a) a), WONe 30 8 3 3027 3° 5 4 oy 30 3 U1 45 8 5 45 |2 6 45 5 2] » 45 3 8 7 we} 8 11 Vie) ame 78 FE 8] Neer A 70 3 6 un) DF a Zo 13 15 dpe 2H ch 15 31 A 30 TOY 30 a 2 30 An Sl) Ks 30 By 2 45 m 7 45 a 45 4, 5) N.N.E. 45 3 0 8 o 2 "6 8 0 ae) 8 0 Ane ome, 8 0 2 /To|| “Ne a5 es Be 15 aS 15 ao) = 15 2 8 30 14 2 3° 1 83 3° SES) 30 a tf Nya pe Be 45 | 7 45 3 8 45 2 6 SF WG |S) go r 6 Fo 3 6 5, ye 23) 95) 15 |16 9 ee aes 15 3 41 os 15 2 4 go: tz F 30 |r 4 30 pe Big) 30 2 3 45 18 7 a 45 3 2 45 2 2 10 o TQ) 55 10 oO mB Io 0 A 5r]) Ps, on oO Cale lake 15 ZOm a 15 I 3 15 Zein | one, 15 4s ie] 30 2I I 30 trio 3° cP | ” 30° ns Be 45 CS 45 oat 45 A 3) S) 45 I 10 10'o 22.5 5 II oO o 10 II oO Sybase Tr (6 rt 8 15 22 10 15 °o 9 15 Ch aad dae Na uc eae 30 23 093 30 o 83 30 Bry | ais 30 I 6 45A.M./23 6 45A.M.jo 8 | AiR AMs| iG | hes, 454M.) 1 5 eg a a A ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 173 May 29,—1864. Hutt. GAINSBOROUGH. Gooxe. Naxsvrn Lock. | Time. | Tide.|Wind. |) Time. |Tide.|/Wind.|| Time. |Tide.}/Wind. || Time. | Tide. Wind. | h m _/ft. in. hm _ (ft. in hy ah) a fein. h m _. |ft. in. Noon. |23 8 Noon. jo 7] Nn Noon. |10 6) N. Noon. | 1 5 I215P.M.|23 9 IZ15P.M.jo 6 IZI§P.MJ|IL 7| N.N.E. |/1215P.M.| I 4 i 3° 237 8 30 o 5 30 Doig 2) Ges 30 an RS 45 23 5 45 0 5 45 12 11) ,, 45 1 3} | 3 Ke) 2340 TO I 10 i ie: ESE A} eis, 5 to. Ik SGN 4 Thee |220 6 15 3,0 15 T3elO|y By, 15 r°3 | 30 21 10 30 Ce) 30 TAG I) aa 30 m= 3 45 Zika. 3 45 455 45 ery el lt 2: 45 re 5 20 208 7 210 4 103 by fe. TQUITO@;, 2 0 C2 ae 15 |19 10 5 2 |[smez 15 (3p G5, 15 2 8 30/19 0 3015 «6 30, 12g) 30 3 5 45 [18 2 45 |5 10 45 [12 a] 4, 45 4 3 eon ry 2 3.0 |6 o 3.0 ee Glhats: 3.0 Se alone 15 16) 5 hap ekg Gr t 15 tit Mol ni Pa 15 (ei go’ > 151) 6 ea ba 30, {TO 3], 30 Wes 45 |14 9 45° % (908 5 45 9 8 45 Te 6 4 Oo |14 © 440° 6 [505 2 4 0 OF Si Ossd | 4° 8 © a5 e)\ng”) 4 5 |4 9| Ww. 15 8 to}, 15 7 10 30 nea 0 30 4a 63 30 Sig Gir ms, 30 7 Gl 45 |1I Io 45 |\4 53 45 8 yy 45 my 3 Beare. (ha) 2 50 14 33 5 0 BIO SV A Seo 6 6 NY. 15 |10 7 5 4 15 7 51 4 15 6 © 30 10 2 30 dp 39 Vin ae ee 3° Oe 7; 45 9 6 45/3 11 45 6 Io) ,, 45 me 3 6 0 Oa) 60 F791 5 15 REG 30 2r 2 30 2a 30 25a) Gay 30 Fe kg 45 |20 8 45 io[geta 45 |t2 6) » 45 I 3 3.80 20 2 3.0 3 6 B50 T2016) Sm,, 3°40 403 15 19 6 15 ghax 15 Ir 9} » 15 1 6 30 «= |18 9 cn Cm aa 30 2 0 45 17 Io 45 Ath ik 45 roy 8} fa 45 2 Io 4.0 16 I0 4.0 4 8 4.0 ties. EAI ee 4.0 Br1.8 15 |16 © 15 |4 9 |: 355 9 8) 5 15 4 3 30 15 2 30 4 9 1 Ee 9 2 » 30 5) 0 45 14 4 45 |¢ 8 45 8 8 45 Bie] 5.0 ng 57 5.0 4 5 }5 0 Sey hars 5.0 63 15 12 11 15 aa Pens FES aes 15 6 7 30. tag g° (8130 9 30 1 #5) Oy go 6} 6 9 45 |Ir 8 45 (3 7 45 7 2 » 45 67 60 II oO 60 3) 6 | 6.0 Oral as; 60 6 >3 15 |Io 5 0 eee | Kn 15 6 8 w 15 5 Io| 30 9 11 30 g2 30 GPE | aie, 30 5 6 45 9155 45 |S © 45 6 3) » 45 Seg 7aO pits Tig a 7.0 Gri io) a3 7 Oo 4 9 15 8 9 152m 9 15 5 9 » 15 4 6 30 Ch oY 30 2 8 30 Bri 6l” oa, 30 4 4 45 8 6 45 [2 7 45 5 3] 45 4 2 8 o 8 8 8.0 216 w. 8 oO Git Ol sss, 8 0 Aiko 15 8 11 15 2 5 15 ARKO! 35, 15 3,10 30 9 6 30/2 3 30 4 8 ,, 30 g)8 45 jo 3 45 |2 2 45 4 6 » 45 3 6 9 0 Io Io 9 ° ome ir 9 0 Agta ars 9 0 3 3 x Ir 9 15 BS) 15 4 Toy 15 Br Eio 30 8 30 I 10 30 3 11) W.S.W. 30 2 Io 45 |13 6 45 > (P8 45 3 9 oo» 45 29 Io 0 4 4 Io oO Diy 10 0 30-7 wen Io oO 2 8 15 Loy 15 By 56 15 SERS Abts 15 S107 30 16 2 30 35 30 su) 31) am, 30 27/6 AS [EF 0.3 45 I 23 45 3 To» 45 2 4 II oO 17 Io II oO r 13 II oO 2701) O54) tla G Feng) 15 18 8 15 I O% 15 PATO!) 03s; 15 Bi 2 30 19 6 30 oO 113 30 2° 8) ns, 30 24 45A.M.|20 4! 45A.M.JO 10% AS AME] 2: Bie» iy 45A.M.| 2 © ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 175 May 30.—1864. Hout. GAINSBOROUGH. Goous. Nasurn Lock. | Time. |Tide.|Wind.|| Time. |Tide./Wind. || Time. |Tide.|Wind. |) Time. |Tide.|Wind. h m= ft, in hm dfheint h m_ ([ft. in. hm _ |ft. in. Noon, |2z0 11 Noon. jo 94 Noon, | 3 5} w.s.w.|| Noon, | 1 11 I215P.M.|21 6 I215PM.jo 8 IZ15P.M.| 4 3] N.W. ||I215P.M.| I 10 30 22 0 30 oF 30 SS |) mss 30 I g| w. Ag 1) \2% 5 45. fox 6 45 Geral bs 45 1 8 Io 22/8 To Oo 53 to SOPs |). 55, aye) Nyy 15 j22 9 ™§ |0 43 15 9° 3) is 15 ee | 30 22 11 30 o 33 30 Toe 3) We 30 EEXG 45 22 8 45 o 2k 45 LE O| Fy 45 1 6 20 226 20 o 13% 20 Te Si ay 20 re 5 15 22 2 15 oF OF 15 TE rT| ¥> 15 see's 30 21 8 30 OMiD. Saw. 30 TZ 3) By, 30 ze 4! 45 bo tH 45 2 0 45 2-7 6) 45 rt 4 30 20 6 3-0 |2 63 ee as ae aCe oe. 15 19 Io 15 ae ex 15 TT) Bas 15 Eo. 4 30 rg) 11 30 Brt6 30 ree ar 30 en 5 45 |18 4 45 /3 113 45 |r 7] os 45 | 40 |17 6 4° 4 3 4° |1r 2) 4 | 4 0 3 4 15 16 8 15 aa) 15 Io 5} 15 3 11] s.w. 30.5 8 3°94 72 30 911] » 30 4 8 45 |14 8 45 4 9 45 9-4) » 45 5 6 a) 13 2x 55.0 4 8 Crete) Shiroh ot, 5.0 6 3 15 13 76 15 4er3 15 St 5) ads 15 6 6 gOS EAS 39/398 30 8 Oo 4», 30 6 10 Ce see 130 7k 45 Pr al ch 45 6 Io 60 Te 6 o 2° 6 | sw. || 6 oO aA Oe 60 6 6 eal ose Boo |3 <4. 15 ae Ol eas 15 6 0 30 9 8 39/32 30 & gl 4, 30 5 8 45 9 1 45 |3 Js 45 6 6 45 5 4) Sw. 7 0 8 6 770 ~~ 3" 9 7 0 i 3) yh a7 oO 5 0 15 WT 15 |2 93 15 5 11) 5 15 4 8 30 7 6 30. 2 «9 30 5 8 oy 30 4 4 45 wast 45 |2 73 45 5 5) ay 45 4 1 8 0 6 9 8 0 2 6 8 0 ge | 22 Gree 8 0 3 10 15 6 6 15 |2 4 15 Ari| sees 15 3 8 3° 6 3 30 2 25 30 4 9 ” 30 3 6 45 ory 45 |2 1 45°) V4 9) iin 45 3 4 a) 6 Io 90 |2 o 9 0 Ae | foe, 9 0 3 2) SW. 15 7 6 15 1 10 15 Cee lees 15 2, 0 30 Bing 30 1 83 30 AbtiOl) fees 30 2 10 45 9 0 45 03e 7 45 F LON Hips 45 2 9 Io oO SRG, Io oO r. 6 Io Oo BY Sl he llinan (oO a § Rowe 2O'R 5 25. -® eee5 15 3. 6) 9%, 15 2 7 30 nr 6 30 I 4 30 3 4 Bq 2 6 45 BOE: 45 r 3 45 32) Das 45 2 °5 Ir o mg. °3 II o I 2 1 are | zz Oo ” Lie fa) 2 4 15 14 3 15 Le 15 211 > 15 2 3 30 m5: 3 30 0. 3° 2 9 ” 30 2. 2] ‘BW. 45P.M.|16 2 45P.M.JI oO 45P.M.| 2 8) ,, 45P.M.| 2 0 176 REPORT— 1864. May 31.—1864. Huu. GAINsBorovuct. GooLe. Nasurn Locs. Time. |Tide./Wind. || Time. |Tide.|Wind. || Time. |Tide.|Wind. |} Time. | Tide.| Wind. hm /[ft. in. h m (ft. in i mn, |i fb. gi: h m_/ft. in. 12 OAM.|16 11 12 OAMJO II | S.w. [12 OAM) 2 7] NW. []12 OAM.) X 11 15 17 10 15 © 10 15 2 6) N.N.W. 15 I 10 30 18 10 30 °o 9 30 2 Gi Bi ees 30 I 9 45. + |19) 9 45 |o 8 45 2 31 » 45 rR Io 20 5 Io o2 7 Io De O\ ie, Io hee 7|" Save 15 apes 15 o 6 15 SES es 15 1 6 30, «27 30 |O 53 30 4 4 » 30 I 5 45 |20 11 45 |0 4% 45 6 o 45 ae4 20 o2Ere, 2550 o 34 2 0 ae ell te, 2 0 Tid 15 22-4 15 opez 15 Sah Fiiy ays 15 I 4 30 22 6 30 Oper 30 Saysip os 30 he. 4 45 22 7 45 |0 of 45 |1o 6 y 45 I 3 zy. fe) 22 6 Gh) Oo OF 380 pe) ie ey 2! De 3 15 22 5 15 o 8] N 15 TT pp Si, aay 15 De 3 30 220G 30 I 10 30 T2guO|Ny Gas 30 Ee 2 AB S27 45 |2 6 45 |12 4) » 45 I 2 4.0 21 so 4.0 ey shy 4.0 Tier lea 4 0 I2 15/20 6 15 |3 42 15 |12 8 oy 15 r 2 go. | 19. «9 30-3. 8 go. 125] as 30 I 2 45 |18 To 45 |3 10 45 |I2 Of » 45 I 9 Rv) LS) 2) 5.0 4.0 5.0 LLP 6\) Gs, Ee Xo) 2 6] N.w. 15 1719 15 48 3 15 WOM T|N pay 15 sik} 2 30 16) 5 30 4 6] NE 30 TOR]. cay 30 gy 8 45 is) 2 45 ane a) 45 OP Ol) Bas 45 4 7 60 |14 9 60 |4 7| NE || 6 0 9 3/ » | 6 0 55 15 7 ae) 15 4a 3 15 SPaOl 335 15 6 0 go; Bt54 3 ZO ip /3err 30 8 5)» 30 6 6 45 |12 6 45 |3 8 45 8 Oo y 45 6 10 7 eC Ly rt 7 a0 3 6 7 0 He. Bile eas 710 6 8 N.w. Bs ete 3 1G AEH Se 4 15 TH ASS 15 6 5 30 10 8 30 eg 30 Gyerit|aee 30 6 0 figs Woh x 45 |3 2 45 6 8 ,, 45 5 8 8 0 9 8 8 0 300 nd te) 6H Ales; 8 0 LA 15 9 3 15 2 10 15 Gyr al ads 15 G10 30 8 11 a 30 5 10] 5, 30 4 9 45 8 10 45 |2 6 45 SREY Dee 45 4 6 9 0 8 9 9 9 |2 4 9 0 5 4A on 9 0 4 3 15 8 II 15 2 2 15 i lh eS 15 ye) 30 9 6 30 asi’ 30 APT) spe 30 ay 45 *¢/19 0 45 |2 0 45 4 9 oo» 45 3 6 10 0 Io 9 IO oO 2m iC Io 0 ee Gees Io 0 3 4| N.w. 15 |tr 8 15 |2 0 15 4 4 15 Btb:3 go 8 12) 7 cn 30 4 I 30 Bt a 45 |13 6 45 | 8 45 3.11 4, 45 3 0 II o 14 4 II 0 Teer7, II o 3-0} O71 || Sno 2 11 15 nS 4 15 1 6 15 277 |- ees 15 2 10 30:2 0p S go. 3 |h 5 30 ge 5) Sigs 30 2 9 45A.M.IL7) 2 45AM|r 4 45A.M| 3 3/9 45AM) 2 7 ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS, May 31.—1864. 177 Hott. GAINSBOROUGH. Gooxz. Naxsurn Lock. Time. |Tide.| Wind.|| Time. | Tide.| Wind.|| Time. |Tide.| Wind.|| Time. |Tide.} Wind. hm ft. in. hm ft, in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. Noon. |18 2 Noon. |r 33] N. Noon. | 3 1) n.x.w.|| Noon. | 2 6 IZI5P.MII9 2 1215P.MJI Id IZ15P.M.| 2 11] E.S.E. ||I215P.M.| 2 5 30 Zor 5 30 I 0% 3° 2 O} Sas 30 24 45 20 II 45 I oO 45 7 eh 45 243 Io 25 7 Io o 104 Io 35 10) &;, Io 2 2! NE 15 22 3 15 OF OF 15 AIT] oy 15 2 1 30 22 Io 30 o 8 30 63) 8) “Be 30 2 0 45 |23 5 45 |9 73 45 71 5 45 III 20 239 20 o 6 20 9 oO} 5; 2110 I 10 15 24.0 15 Oo 54 15 TOR 7) 235 15 I 10 30 24 3 30 Oo 4 30 Tiley (81) fa3s 30 I 9 45 24 4 45 on 3 45 I2 10] ;; 45 tr 9 3.0 24 2 3.0 °o I 3.0 T2e | ae, Ey ie) 1 8 15 Pe 15 TH. 15 Tage Song 15 me 7 30 23 3 3° 2 3 30 14, CO} 39 3° Tes 7, 45 22 9 45 3. OF 45 14 31» 45 r 6) sx. 40 22 2 4 0 Ch HG} 4.0 TAD G| 3, 4.0 Te 6 15 an) 6 15 4 7 15 14 7| S.E. 15 22) 30 cog 32 See 32 14) 3)» 30 Bh 2 45 |19 11 45 |5 6 a5) Nt37| Sa 45 3 9 50 Oe) 5 0 5 11 Bie 13 1 oma 49 15 17 11 15 6 23 15 E20) 5] oa 15 es 30 itr ae Eh 30 6 44 30 II) 9] «35 30 6 6 45 |16 4 45 |6 6 450) WaT 25s 45 7 6 60 15 6 6 0 Oz 60 10 6 ,, 6 0 8 3 15 14 9 15 5 9 15 LOMO] os, 15 8 6 30 13 Il 30 5 3 30 OFT cry 30 8 11 45 |13 3 45 4 10 45 9 3) » 45 8 8 7 10 iz 6 70 4 7% 7 9° Suro a. Gj {e) 8 2] s.Z. 15 II 9 15 4 6 15 Se 6] vs, 15 7, 8 ZO UIT. 30/433 oe 8. 2) ax 30 fet 45 |t0 5 45 |4 2 45 7 10] » 45 Ci? 8 0 9 Io 8 o ae 10 8 0 Teh Oli tas 8 0 6 3 15 9): 2 wi Sh nr 15 Val 28s 15 5 11 30 on BS 30 spd 30 6 Io] 5, 30 oy 8 45 8 2 45 |3 63 45 6 7] 3 45 Cae: 9 0 7 10 90° 5 [ah % Dana 6) 3] owe || 9° 5 2 15 FAT, 15 3 35 15 Gir oll 25, 15 4 11) 8.5. 30 Hines 30 «3 2 ge SEPOIh) Gap 30 4 8 45 hate 45 32.9 45 Sep Oll, Ss 45 4 5 10 o 7 6 Io o 2 10% Io Oo ‘Sie S li tss5 Io oO Ai 3 15 7p a 15 Zang 15 See) ey BS AT 30 Bee's 30 SEs 30 AS IOl| gy 30 Q 1x 45 9 2 45 |2 6 45 4" 8, 45 a5 9 IIo g II II oO 2 5 Imo Aaa Gil sates II oO eG 15 |1o 8 15 |2 4 B5 4 3] oo» 15 3 5| 3o.0=4fIE 7 30 3 3° 4 1 » 30 3 3| SE 45P.Mj12 6 45P.M.|2 I 45 PM! 3 311] ,, 45P.M.) 3 2 1864. 178 REPORT—1864. June 1.—-1864, Hutt. GAINSBOROUGH. Goo.e. Time. |Tide.| Wind.|| Time. |Tide.| Wind.|} Time. |Tide. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. IZ OAM.|13 8 12 OAMJ|2 oO | W. |/I2 OAM! 3° 9 15 14% 6 15 1 10} 15 307 30 15) 7 30 I 9 30 3 5 45 16 7 45 |r 8 aS ote Io 17 6 Io ry Io 3 3 15 18 4 15 1 6 15 3 2 30 19 2 30.0 | 48 30 3.0 |e 3 45 |i 3 45 2 10 ZrO 20 9 20 ree 2 0 211 15 j2r 5 15 I oF 15 3 3 30 21 II 30 o II 30 5 0 45 22 5 45 ° 10 45 6 8 380 22 8 3.0 ° 9 3.0 8 3 15 22 10 15 o 8 15 9 6 30 22 11 30 opty. 30 Io 4 45 230 45 o 6 45 II) 2 4 0 23 10 4 0 °o 5 4 0 Ir II x5 22 )'8 15 O° 43 15 IZ) 3 30 22 4 30 Beg 30 12 8 oa bol Kes oe 45 jz 5 | Nw 45 12 ‘31 5 0 2h Ing 5 0 B5%8 5 o Hepa Gu 15 20 7 15 3 8 15 13,1 30 19 10 30 4 1 30 B20NG 45 19 0 45 4 8 45 120 sI 60 18 3 6 0 4.11 | Nw || 6 0 11 8 15 TF 3 15 nD 15 Tg 0 30 16 5 30 ee} 30 Io 6 crtel vb eed ad 45° £15828 45 9 I0 7 0 14 8 70 4 11 70 ones a5 a 2 15 4 7 aS 9 0° BOS ho 39/4 3 30 S547 a5 FB. 3 45 |4 © 45 8 2 8 0 II 5 5 a0 3 Io 8 o 7 9 Le) ae) 15 3m9 zs a6 30 IO 1 30 anes 30 A wa 45 D5 45 ey 45 6 10 gy: 2 50 9 0 3 5 ee) 6 6 RP a ig das a5 [ougheg 15 16 3 30 8 2 30 3h as 30 60 45 7 10 45 gitb 45 Seng Io 0 7 8 10 0 2 103 oe) 5 6 15 79 15 2 &9 15 5. 3 30 8 o 30 2ne6 a2 5 0 45 8 8 45 |2 43 45 4 I0 1d Be] 9 4 II oO hela 1 eo) 4°7 15 Io 2 15 2s 15 Ae 5 30 Ir I 30 28 <0 89 pte) 45A.M./Ir II 45A.M.J1 1oF 45A.M.! 4 Nasurn Lock. OwoOWWWHhAAHDHBUMNNA DONNY DAODNAPDPW DH HH RM RM RR eR Re ee BY YD DNDN D HWY = Tide. col ie) al mH mH OO -B in NI 00L0 lal ie) al H DOH CON DDH COHW DOOMNUNN AAA A As! COO cal {e) = wBAaAwO ONAN Wind. 8.E. Calm. S.W. 2 | _ ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS, June 1.—1864. 179 Hun GAINSBOROUGH. GooLe. Nasurn Lock. Time. | Tide.} Wind.|| Time. |Tide.| Wind.|| Time. |Tide.|Wind.|| Time. | Tide.| Wind. hm ft. in. hm ft. in.| hm ft. in, hm ft. in. Noon. |12 8 Noon. '|1 93 Noon. | 3 10} N.w. || Noon. | 3 © 12 1§ P.M./13 10 IZI5P.MJI 83 IZ15P.M.| 3 8] 3, 12 15 PM.| 2 II 30 14 10 30 1 sey 30 3B pHO}' bse 30 2 10 45 |16 © 45 |r 6 45 3.4 » 45 2 9) Ww. 10 17 0 i 10 I. 4% Io iat? | o> Io 2 8 15 13 I 15 I 4 15 fra ke) eae J 15 2 7 30 18 11 30 I 28 30 2sEG| os» 30 2 6 45 |20 © 45 |I of 45 2 9 » 45 2 5 20 20 10 2 0 I. o Ww. 2 0 Zin tOll vate 240 ae 15 ze. 17 15 © Ios 15 3.9 » 15 Beal We 30 ee 30 oo ee ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS, 181 Nasurn Lock. Time. hm Noon. 12 15 P.M. 30 45 Tz 0 15 30 45 gz 9 15 30 45 Tide. |Wind. ft. in. 4.0 3.10 3 8 3 6 3 4 he Sk del Ze) 2 10 ABMS 2 8 2 7 2056 2iheG |) pide 2 4 ZENS Zs 220 II I Io b ae Co) mn of I Io BEKO I 8 I 8 De 7 2 11 3.11 GO}, es 6 4 76 8 4 9 0 97. 6 oms 9° 4 8 9} Calm. 8 2 7 6 76 6.7 6 3 6 oc a 9) 5 6|Calm.} * 543 5 °C 14° 9 June 2.—1864. Ce ee a tt IL, _ REINS MOOTED 7 Ieee NIE es Hutt. GAINSBOROUGH. Goo... Time. |Tide.|Wind. || Time. | Tide.)Wind.|| Time. | Tide. h m_ ft. in. hy im: } |fit..in: him, | Abt. am. Noon. | 8 to Noon. [2 9] &. Noon. | 4 11 12 15P.M.| 9 Io 1215 P.MJ2 7 I215P.M) 4 9 30 Io I 30 2 6 30 4 6 45 (tb 31 45 |2 43 45 4 4 ji LPN 12 II Io 2 an 3 Io 452 15 14, © 15 2 14 15 4 0 30 15 2 30 I 113 30 3 10 45 |16 3 45 |I 10 45 3 8 2.0 17 2 2.0 Ig | 2 0 3 6 15 18 3 15 Me a) 15 3 4 30 19 6 30 I 62 | 30 3 2 | 45 Zo) <7 45 ee) 45 hg I ig, 0 20 6 3.0 Faas 30 2 10 ee 22 6 15 I 2 15 20L8 30 237.3 30 tee 30 516 45 [23 10 45 |E o8 45 FU,6 4 0 BAL? 40 Io 4.0 9 4 HG f)24: 5 15 [0 10% 15 {10 10 30 24. 8 30 Oo 9s 30 IZ 2 45 [24 10 45 9 83 45 [13 6 int RO) 24 10 | 5 0° O01 75 S40 4° 2 15 BALLS 15 °o 63 15 14 8 . 30 23.11 30 Bag 30 ng 45 i an 45 ee 45 15 4 6 0 22 6 60 Sion | | +E 60 15 5 15 jar 9 15 {5 9% 15) GS 30 20 0 30 6 3 30 15 1 45 |20 1 45) Ubi 45 |14 6 7 0° 19 4 Leo TPO Tao 13 9 15 m 5 15 TAS 15 T3iL 0 30 17 6 30 Tans 30 120-4! 45 |16 6 45 7 43 45 2 Wah 7 8 o re 76 8 0 6 of 8 0 reno ms 147 15 Giss 15 10 6 30 13° 9 30 5 83 30 10 I 45 aS 45 5 4 45 9° 7 Divo 12 2 9 oO SP 9 0 97).3 15 Pt) 4! 15 4. 10 15 8 11 30 TO) 7 30 4 8 30 8 6 45 |9 10 45/4 6% 45 8 2 10 0 9 2 Io o 4 4% 10 oO 7 10 15 B7, 15 |4 25 15 TH 7 30 ee 3° 4 1 30 13 45 75 45 3 11 45 TAO II o "Ae G| IIo 3 84 II 0 6 8 15 ee ry Oe gf 15 Gri 5 30 6 6 30 3506 30 6 1 45P.Mi 6 7 45P.M.13° 4 45P.M.| 5 10 182 - RErFORT—1864, June 3.—1864, | Hott. | GarnsBorovau. . Goous. Nasurn Lock. Time. |Tide.) Wind.| Time. |Tide.| Wind.|| Time. | Tide.|Wind.|| Time. |Tide.| Wind. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. hm ft. in. I2 OAM! 7 oO 12 OAM.|3 2 E. ||12 OAM.| 5 7| ESE. ||12 OAM.) 4 6 15 7 8 15 (3 0 15 5 41» 15 4 4 30 8 6 30 2 10 3c Sua | Gy 30 4 2 45 5 5 a2 eS 45 5 oO ys 4 0 Io re 5 ite 296 Io A. MO ay < 3 10| Calm. a5 Ir 6 I 2 4% 15 4° 7| 1» 15 3 8 30 iz 6 30 ee 30 Ar tials ae 30 3 6 45 |13 8 45 |2 Ie 45 4 2) 45 3.4 2 0 4 7 20 2. fue 20 ANSIOl) ay 2 0 Zi 15 Le 9 15 I 103 15 Suiko| a3 15 gyro 30 16 10 30 ERO 30 3.2/8] a5 30 2 10 45 |17. Io 45 |r 73 45 3 6). 5 45 2 8 3.0 19 0 3.0 TA6 3 0 TMA. by 3.0 207 15 20 2 15 Das 15 Sh 2 eas 15 aa 6 30 21 2 30 I 4 30 3510}, by 30 2 5 45 |2m2 45 NTS 45 3 21 45 2 4 4.0 272 tg 4.0 Tie 4.0 Ate8| 0285 4.0 2.259 15 23 (4 i5 Tcgt 15 6 9) » 15 are 30 23.9 30 Tago 30 Seas)’ Ge 30 2 1 45 24. I 45 oO 11 45 TOmg2| 0 a6 45 ato 5.0 24 4 5.0 ° Io 5.0 CeO 7| less 5 0 Ii 15 a4 15 15 Cao 15 ae) er 15 EEeS 30 24 5 30 °o 8 30 ee 30 Faso 45 24 2 | 45 o 7 45 FAee | as 45 Bend 60 23°09 60 2b E 6.0 TAL tes 60 bey 15 23 2 15 4 0 15 14 9] 8.5 15 ry-36 30 22 6 30 4 8 30 TAIT) ge 30 FanG 45 ee AS 45 Swa7 45 TAUET) ~d35 45 bay 7 gO 21 #1 || 7 9° 5 10 7 0 T4900) sy 70 EyTS| EH. 15 |20 3 15 |6 3 15 Wala 3) 38 15 3.1 3019, 4 30 «(6 6 GO NES ENS) say 30 4 0 45 |18 6 45 |6 9 a yr 45 5 4 8 o 17 6 re) 7eao 8 0 T2ayO) By 8 0 6 6 15 OES. 5 15. 9170 15 JIT Al oy 15 7 6 30 15 6 30 6 6 30 LOSES) oss 30 Eye 45 LA 7 45 6 2 45 TOSN2 | gx 45 8 10 9 0; 113 9 9.0 Wisec7 9 0 92-9]. aie fig 0 9 1 2) az to 15 Sees 15 Tas hae 15 9,9 30 IZ 0 30 4 11 30 3 10} 3,8.E. 30 8 6 45 jin 2 45 45-9 45 8 6 45 7 10 10 0 I@. 55 Io o 4 7] N.E. |l1o o Sp0 2] -o., 10 oO 7 5) N.W. 15 9 8 a5 ‘Glee 53 15 7/19 oh 15 6 9 30 8 11 go 5 |4° 8 30 746) oe 30 6 3 £5 se 92 45 |4 1 45 17 2 » 45 | § 10 II 0 eG ea) 3.11 8 II oO 6510] G,, /ir1 co 5 6 15 ie LS = (30.9 15 6 6 ,, 15 593 30 6 8 go 139 9 30 6 3] » 30 5 0 454M.) 6 5 45A.MJ3 5% 45A.M.) 6 oO} ,, 454.M.) 4 10 am NEE ee —EE————EE——E—E ES eee ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. 183 June 3,—1864, Hui. GAINSBOROUGH. Goouz. Nasurn Locks. Time, | Tide.|Wind. |} Time, | Tide.|Wind. || Time. |Tide./Wind. |} Time, | Tide.|W h m= (ft. in. h m __ fft. in. boom) it an: h m ft. in. Noon. | 6 3 Noon. |3. 33 Noon. | 5 9g] 8s.z. |) Noon. | 4 7 I215P.M.| 6 6 IZ15P.M.j3. Iq IZI5P.M. 5 6] ESE. |/I215 P.M.) 4 5 39 2 9 30 3502 30 LYS et 30 4 3 45 7 10 45 |2 103 45 5 Oo y 45 4 0 Io 8 Io i dpe) 2. 9 ro AueO| ass Io 3.19) ©. 15 g 10 mG Oe 15 4 6 » 15 3 6 30 Ir o 30 2. $ 3° 4 4 » 30 3 4 45 IZ 2 45 2 3 45 4 2) » 45 By 3 2 0 ma 13 2 0 2 9% 2-10 A vols, 2 0 Bene 15 4 4 15 2 OF 15 3,20) <5, 15 eb 30 1§ 6 30 EU IXx 30 ci geld ee 30 3.9 45 |16 8 45 |1 10 45 ce 45 211 3a 17 II 3.0 1 Rely 2 sr 0 Baral sss ZFFO 2 10 15 i: ee 15 Fa) iN. 15 ne | 15 2. 8 30 zo 4 30 Lae 30 cee] ee 30 Bin? 45 2m Be 45 1 64 45 QE" 9s 45 rae fe 40 ame 1S 40 I 43 4.0 2 To|. 4.0 Zonal oe, 15 Oe a 15 I 3 15 fom" Ls 15 peg 30 24) 16 30 Lee 30 Ors ee 30 2s 45 24 3 45, igi teoe 45 8 5} 45 2 2 510 eve f 5 0 Io 5 0 9 Io; 5, 5 0 2 0 15 24 10 15 1.63 15 THORS 5 csp 15 I 10 30 24 11 30 o 10 30 EZ ET eg 30 The9 45 [25 0 45 |° 9 45 |13 10] » 45 1 3 6 0 {24 10 60 |o 83] nx. || 6 © Taber gl ess 60 I 6 15 24 4 RS ke ty) ieee os! oy 15 1 6 30 Za 29 30 Aen 30 Cea) ee 30 Dears 45 23 2 45 Lr 45 Us ey | ee 45 a) vee) 22 4 Finke} 5 10 7 20) Sea aes 7 0 ros 15 21 6 15 haa 15 re Ol A 15 1 30 20 8 30 6 9 30 15 o| & 30 2033 45 |19 8 45 |7 O28 45 {14 3) oo» 45 4 6 8 o 18 11 8 0 7 4% 8 0 i ar 7 eee 8 0 5 6 15 17 11 15 7 63 15 ta rd DE 15 7 SO 30 I% ‘Oo 30 a” 6 30 ie to) 30 3 ar 45 |t5 11 #5. 17,8 45 |Ir 4) » 45 8 11 9 0 re. Fe 9 0 6 8 9 0 FOr |) 2155 9 0 9 7| Calm. 15 14 1 15 6.6 15 foe AE DIS 15 g Io 39 «133 BO Tel Saeae 30 gio} ,, 30 9 7 45 Iz 5 45 |5 43 45 9 5} » 45 PAG 10 o 1h. \7 10 0 5 Oy 10 oO Gu rOl) Gas onto; 8 4 paises 9 15 |4 103 15 8 8) ly 15 9 30 0-0 30 4 9 30 8 4) » 30 7 2 45 9 2 45 4 7 45 8 Oo 5 45 6 9 IIo 8 6 IIo a 5 II oO G Bel 7) Ne ee 8 is GER: 6 4 ) 7 io 15 |4 23 15 Teal aw 15 6 © 3 30/4 08 40/4 FFX op 30 5 9} Calm. 9 45 P.M.|3 104 45P.M.| 6 9g] ,, 45P.M.| 5 6 184. REPORT—1864. June 4.—1864, Hott. GAINSBOROUGH. Goote. Nasurn Lock. Time. | Tide.|Wind. | Time. |Tide.|Wind.|) Time. | Tide./Wind. |} Time. |Tide.|Wind. lh-m _ {ft, in. h m_ (ft. in. ih m_ |ft. in. h m_{ft. in. IZ OAM.) 6 4 12 OAM.I3 83] N.E. ||12 oOAM.| 6 6) E. |l112 OAM) 5 3 15 6-2 15 gen6 15 6 2! NW. 15 ‘Sapo 30 6 3 30 (3.33 30 5 10} 4 30 49 | 45 6 5 A513" 3% 45 5a tT kee 45 47 beI;.O Toba Io 2 114 ro GRA euss Io 4 5) Calm. 15 ae) 15 2 10 15 5.3] .%) 15 4 3 hae Ph ig 30, jz 83 3° 411) 5; 30 4 1 p445 to 45 aor | 45 49) 3 45 fj, b2 0 Ir 2 2 0 2 5% 20 A 6)) os 20 ci 15 12 3 15 2 45 15 4 4 » 15 ci of 30 13.5 3° 2 3 30 4 2) » 3° ayers 45 |14 7 45 |2 1% 45 4 oO] 55 45 383, 3.0 15 9 3.0 2 0 3.0 3 10] W.N.W.|| 3 0 dee a 15 16 11 15 I 10g 15 20S) es 15 2 11 30 ES. bt 30 T9 30 CW ellaene, 30 2 9 45 19 4 45 |r 8 45 344) she 45 LAT 4.0 20 6 4.0 19 |4 0 3 82h os 4.0 rg 15 21 15 I. 54 EES, 2 90), 15 2 4 go 80 225 30 |r 48 30 3 2} 30 2 1k3 45 |23 2 45 I 32 | 45 4 9) » 45 a rs 5.0 23 08 5 £6 I. 24 5.0 Grd) 3 50 Zot 15 24 2 15 tts |} 35 8 10) Ww 15 Zz {0 30 24 6 30 1 of 30 To 10] 45 30 III 45 24 9 45 Io 1262) 5S I 10 6 0 24. Io 60 [eyerue (Pes O2h gah 13) 52) is ee I 10 15 24. 10 15 ° 10 15 14 0] S.w. 15 I 9 30 24 6 30 o 10 30 TAP oe 30 ee iy 45 |23 1 AS: ieig 48 45 |15 Oo 4, 45 a9 FO 1423 15 7 *D. ties 3 8 AES 53) ae Ae aa 1 6 15 22 8 TS tig 6 3 a5 NES 385) tae 15 1 6 30 21 II 30 6 0 30 BS Stal gs 30 TS 45 j2t 4 45 |6 5 Hie ese ae Me 45 2 4 8 o 20) 13 8 o 6 9 ae) 14 6/w.s.w. || 8 o 3 Io 15 19 4 15 Te 15 Cia errs 15 5. Fee 30 18 15 30 73 30 ia To! ss 30 6 1 45 |17 6 a5 ig 5 45 12 ob 4, 45 7P3) Wy) 9 0 16 6 9 0 yaat 9 0 POs WAP. 9 0 S32, 15 Tees 15 65 15 TO TO) es 15 8 11 30 14 6 30 6 1 3° 10 3 ” 3° 9 4 45 |13 6 45 |5 9 45 9 9) WwW 45 9 6 | Io oO Iz 9 Io oO 5h 10 Oo OPA os I0 oO 9.19 | 15 |1X 10 aS 15, oF tba i fe 5 | 9.2 30 II oO 30 4 11 30 Sig (ee 30 S on 45 | |19 2 45 |4 9 45 8 2)w.Nw.|| 45 “47 IIo 9 5 II Oo 4 62 II oO 710) 5 II o 6 11 15 eis 5 4 5 55 746 » 15 6 5 30 8 0 39,4 3 30 ae Oe 30 6 o 454M! 7 4 45A.MJq 1 | 454M 6 %13|" 5! 454.M.| 5 9 a a a Ue ee ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS, 185 : June 4.—1864, EE ae GAINSBOROUGH. Goorz. Nazvrn Locr, Time. | Tide.|Wind. || Time. |Tide./Wind. || Time. | Tide. Wind. hom © }ff-in. hom [ft in. h m ft. in. Noon. /3 10} Noon. | 6 8)w.n.w.|| Noon. | 5 6 IZI5P.MJ3 9 1215P.M| 6 4) Nw. |lt2 15 P.M.) 5 3 39 «13. 7 |w.n.w.|} 30 6 o ,, 30 5 0 45 13 43 45 5 9)» 45 4 9 To gh ga 7° bee 6}, Io 4 6 w. TS 3st 15 See 3! oh, 15 4 3 59 Sino: 30 5 Oo ” 30° 4 1 45 2 9% 45 4 9) 155 45 3 Io 20 2 8 2 0 AMOINP, ; 2 0 3 8 5) pe|2007 15 4 4. » 15 3 6 39 [2 6 30 42 er, 30 3 4 45 |2 43 45 4 Fo » 45 SPee2 aie Zingh) 23 Sige) BUOY 55 30 cid De 15 2 1 15 3 8 ” 15 3 0 30 2G 30 PRG, 30 211 45 |I 103 45 3 4) » 45 2 I0 40 ro mse Se ot 99 40 2a 15 ts) 15 Ke f(s 15 2 8 30 Tare 30 Z*F0| #5 30 ae oN aap 45 ToA6 45 25rn as, 45 2 6 5=o I 43 5 0 3 4 » 5 0 2 5 PO rll ake 15 Frees 15 2 4 30 I 23 30 Sa 3; 30 23 i gas 45 TOMEI i Fe 45 Zar 2, I o| nw. || 6 0 ib ee ated a 60 ato re 15 Taian) 35, 15 Ii Hengelo) 30 14 3] 30 I Io our 45 oe Se) ee 45 aD) nw 2 9 TO DSPs 9] te 7 0 I 8 4.0 15 Te 46) a3, 15 yy Roe 30 ee ee 30 rr 5 9 45 |35 8) 3; 45 a) 6 33 mater” | sine? 6S, 8 0 bbs 6 10 15 DAT IT| «hss 15 chee 7 2 39 14 2, 30 4 6 Thee 45 132! 4, 45 Cras Theis 9 0 12 6) 4, 9 0 6 10 eG 15 mI 9} yy 15 oo a rg 30 Trerr|( 30 9 0 6 6 45 EORNG| | a 45 9 8 6 2 10 0 10,0} ©; Io oO 9 11 ere 6) ead i x5 gS Pee 30 Omer ep 30 8 8 5 1 45 8 8) ss 45 s7 8 4 11 1G uae) Se ral II o 7 6) s.w. 4 83 15 Sho) a; 15 PENS 4 63 30 ey, 30 6 6 45P.M14 4 AGP M.| 7 Bly 45P.M.| 6 1 186 REPORT—1864, June 5,—1864, Huy GAINSBOROUGH. Gooxz. Nasurn Locg. Time. |Tide./Wind. || Time. | Tide.|Wind.|| Time. |Tide./Wind.|| Time. | Tide.|Wind. hm) * aift.sin. h am | iftiain hays wicoegin. h m_ ft. in. 12 OAM) 7 9 IZ OAM.|4 2 | N.W. ||12 OAM.) 7 Of NW. [l1z2 OA.M.| § 10 15 758 15 |4 © 15 6 9) » 15 5 +3 30 6 8 39 = |3.: 10a 30 ey ae 30 5 4 45 6 4 45 |3 8 » 45 6 2) 45 Oe Yi Io 6 Wa Ta 3. 54 TO Ee Xo} es iy is) 4 I0 15 6 2 x5 leashes 15 5 6 » 15 4 7 30 Oey 3931S 30 pee 30 4 5 45 778 45 |3 © 45 5 oO on 45 4 2 ZO pines Mo} Peay ZG A aeons 216 4 0 45 9:55 a5 Pale 15 4 7) 1% 15 3 10 30 Io 6 30 2 8% 30 Ae ST ag 30 2.8 45 |r 9 45 |2 7 45 4 3) » 45 3 6 3.0 12 10 3.0 2. 6 20 7a ee 3.0 ey 15 14.50 15 Zoek 15 3 AuL|| Fase 15 B12) go 115-1 30, 2 38 30 3. 9) 30 3 0 45 |16 4 45 |2 2 45 Sahil mse 45 2 10 4 0 ue OG 4.0 2 Of 4.0 3115 | ees 4.0 2 8 15 13 8 15 I 10 15 Sheil) basa 15 26 30 19° 11 30 ie 9) 30 Bol id|| ee 30 ee OT 45 j21 0 a5 jist B 45 Siyhe| Sse 45 2 4) Ww. 5 0 22 0 BLO Teg 5 0 pe er 5 0 dukes 15 22 10 15 rms) 15 ae | eslsg 15 2 ue, 30 2g ° 6 30 Te 30 Cee TA Bet 30 cma 45 24. 2 45 I 4 45 8 Oo} W.N.W. 45 20 60 24°79 60 1 22!) w.s.w.|| 6 0 Suns ess 60 T YI 15 24 10 15 I 34 15 Tit eA eal. 15 I 10 30 250% 30 I Of 30 12) ol) Pay 30 I 9 45 25 2 45 joit 45 Eig 7 lta: 45 1 8 712) 24. II op Xe Oo 10} ye ue) TAs S| ~ Sas Too 137 15 2A vg 15 Oo 9% Le 15 0] W.8.W 15 be a) 30/24. «0 30/3, 8 Zor Wal Tse S' lay 30 rap) 45 [23 3 45 |4 6 45 (15 7] 3s 45 I 4 8 0 2a 8 0 5 7 |w.bys.l| 8 0 TORE Ol. as 8 0 oe Be) 15 21 8 15 6 3 15 He) aes 15 ram 30 20 10 30 6.9 30 Deadly eee 30 2. 6] 8.W. 45 |19 11 45 |7 © 45 $114.3! 45 3 8 Pe) tOALS, one 738 oF 9 13 6 ,, ee 5 6 15 es) 15 yp ah 15 ET 5 ee 15 6 8 30 17 12 30 Fee 30 It 11 Pr 30 7 Io 45 |16 1 45 6 |70 5 45 jit 4) » 45 8 9 10 oO Tet IO oO 6 9 IO o TOWNS | oe 10 0 (oy 1 15 14 3 15 Giana, 15 TOWED 15 9 6 30113 4 201 i lbe 8 30 9 7| » 30 9 5 45 12 4 45 |5 4 45 9 2) » 45 8 11 rhe te 1h 16 1G ete) 5) II o SEe Ol caste EEO bei 15 Io 9 ae 410 15 et S|" kay 15 ee) 30 9 II 30 4 83 30 el anor 30 Lee: 454M.) 9 2 45A.M./4. 7 ARAM 7 a Ol a uss 45A.M.! 6 6 ~— ON TIDAL OBSERVATIONS. June 5,—1864. 187 GAINSBOROUGH. GooLE Nasurn Lock. Tide.| Wind.) Time. | Tide. Wind. || Time. | Tide. Wind. || Time. Tide. |Wind. ft. in. jh m_ /ft. in. hw 4) itt.,ah. h m_ ft. in 4 Noon. |4 4 |w.s.w.|| Noon. | 7 5/w.s.w.|| Noon. | 6 1) s.w. 8 I2ZI15P.Mj4 2 IZ15P.M.| 7 1I| S.W. |/12 15 P.M.) 5 Io ° 30 4 oF 30 Geri es 30 a 96 5 45 |3 10 45 6 5) » 45 5 4 10 Io 3. 83 ip Ne) Lily ir Tene; 5, 72 5 15 3 73 15 5 11) » 15 4/9 3 gp Ns Be 30 St7| oe 30 4 7 3 45 (30 34 45 5 4 oy 45 4 5 9 2 Oo 3. 141 2,0 Bra aes 20 4 2) Sw. i 15 32 15 410) 5 15 4.0 7 309 |2_ 105 30 4 7) » 30 3 9 8 45 2 9 45 4 5) » 45 27 9 5° ae a2 Sa eS l= Sah) 345 II 15 re AS 15 Assay ex rs aus 2 30 Pe) 30 a gl eee 30 Zon 4 45 |2 Ia 45 3 9 » 45 2 11 6 4.0 2 0 4.0 ena | ere: 4 0 2 9| S.w. is 15 Eerss| 15 uae aoe 15 28 2 30, Eg 30 ee 30 2 7 5 45 jt 8a. 45 ey ee 45 2 6 8 5 gO ieee 55:0 3 ” 3} he 24 5 9 15 ir. 6 15 Dahl Sse 15 Zet3 9 30 0 JE 4 30 2 9) 5 30 2 2 6 45 Tots 45 ZS as 45 ZI 4 60 I 23| S.W. 60 Ag Wasps 60 Deo ° 15 te Ty 15 77g | aaa 15 Iii 4 30 T).0 30 Ow Ole ze 30 bab io) 7 45 |O 113 45 |tr o| y 45 I9 8 rh ke oO 11 7 +O TOYS yes 70° DT ,b3 2) 15 Oe 1o 15 ESHA) oy 15 aay | 6 go 9 9 390 1H oT] 3° 17 I 45 jo 83 45 |14 9) 45 Bi 7 8 0 24 8 0 Tepe Ol. ony 8 o I 6 10 15 aed 15 Cd ers 15 WG 2 30 5 0 30 Tipe GSI! has 30 Pob5 3 45 |5 83 45 |I5 O » 45 Zshos 6 9 0 Chee 9 0 AEG Biss 9 0 TAEG| Ose. 7 DE oy Out 7 15 AG) REE 15 AIG 7 30 6 41 30 Li ol Baw er, 30 ny 3 8 45 Taae 45 HI | 45 6 6 9 I0 oO 7 it 10 oO BES lm psy Io oO eat) 8 15 6 8 15 TO. TO|, oy 15 8 4 9 30 6 3 30 EQUA ie 30 8 Io 9 45 5 10 45 is) AS) geen 45 9 2 Il II oO a) II oO Qa alt <5 IIo DL Polr as: 1| - 15 5 2 15 South oe 15 8 6 2 30 4 10 30 pe Gee 30 7 10 4 45P.M|4 7 45P.M| 8 2) _,, CARS 188 REPORT—1864., June 6.—1864. Hutt. GaArnsBorouGH. Goo... Nasurn Lock. Time. |'Tide./Wind. || Time. | Tide. |Wind. || Time. |Tide./Wind. || Time. |Tide.|Wind. h m _ {ft. in. h m = fft. in. h m_ ft. in, h m= (ft. in. 12 OAM) 9 7 IZ OAMJ4 4] 8. |/12 OAM) 7 IO] S.W. |i12 OAM) 6 8 15 8 10 15 rie Se 15 7 6) Nw. 15 6 3 30 8 2 30 chen 30 7052), 5. oP Be 5 10 45 17 45/3 9 45 6 10) 5 45 5.16 i faite) 7 0 Tie) 3) GI TO 6 6) |, Io 5 83 15 6 6 15 B85 15 Cieg2| tes sth 5 0 30 6 2 30 353 30 BALI | 55 30 4 9 45 6 © 25) iia a2 45 CBSE akc: 45 4 6 Chaves) 6 1 20 2 114 20 ee Cea 20 4 3 15 6 8 15 2 10 15 Coes, 15 4 oO] w. 30 39 3028 30 4 10] ;, 30 3.59 45 8 8 45 |2 7 45 Ant 7 | seks? 45 Sib 30 9 10 39 8 |2 5% 3.0 4 5) 3 0 gS 15 Dey 15 ay 15 AES les 15 stirs 30 12 3 30 2 25 30 4 I| Ww 30 SF ar 45 Hei |e) 45 aoe 45 SLES a 45 Zr 40 |14 4 4 Oo {I 11g 4.0 3-19) 79 ® | AO 29 KS) 45) 7 15 sre) 15 Hh 7) MA CT 15 Sa 30 16g 30 OE 30 EP oie 30 2 6 45 |18 © 45 |1 8 45 Ce) a 45 2 5 5 0 19 3 || 5 0 7 5 0 SEND. Wes 5 0 2 4 15 z0 6 | 45 scr 15 Ziel | aes 15 AIC) 30 OT ery, 30 ‘Me 30 2-10) & 30 2 2 oe ee, oe 45 | 3 45 2 9) oo» 45 2 1 6 0 234 60 I 23 60 AT ROL ie. 60 2 0 15 24 1 15 rae 15 6 Volt; 15 I 11 30 24° °7 30 rT 30 SIE Sines 30 I 10 45 24 11 45 nee) 45 TSM, SiO Zn 45 Zr) 70 25 2 7°O O11 VAM) T20nO hes, 7 Oo T= S|) Sy: 15 25 5 15/0 Io aS PLS. Ee sita as, 15 1 8 30 CA BS) 3° one) 39 eS Bes 30 27 | Sraereen 45/25 0 45 jo 8 45 |l4 9} oy 45 2 6)Deals 8 o 2AY 7 8 0 © 7 |W.N.w.|| 8 o 1A taal NN 8 0 Ris) 5 Eye 15 4 2 15 =< S7ANED 15 Bs 30 2A 02 30 5 4 30 15 9) W.N.W. 30 Th Oy 45 [22 5 45 |5 9 ASS IPSL7) te 45 I 6 Deals up 9 oO 21.56 9 0° 655 9 9° TA eo) 9 0° TS 5 15 20.07 15 6 11 15 13) 70!) 4.5 15 Sheet 30 19 8 30 72, 30 3 hil. Oe 30 4 6 w. 45 |18 9 CEM bases 45 |I2" 4), 45 5 6 10 oO 17 10 10 0 78 10 oO ES Ser tees 10 oO 6 9 15 16 10 15 Teo 15 TOM an es 15 ba 30 I5 10 30 foie 30 TOP All| Sei. 30 317 45 |14 To 45 |6 7 45 9 10] ,, 45 9 2 IIo 14 0 II 0 6 0 Il o grea) II oO 9 6 y 15 ta er 15 Eph 15 SUT!) oes, 15 9 4 30 ihe Vie] 30 Bes 30 Ho Oy falar 30 8 11 45A.M.JII 5 45A.M./5 1 454M. 8 3] 4, 45A.M.| 8 2 DREDGING ON THE COASTS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. 189 Deep-sea Dredging on the Coasts of Northumberland and Durham, in 1864. Reported by Guores 8. Brapy. Tux following Report is intended to embrace notices only of the more inter- esting captures of the present year. Next year we hope to be able to lay before the section a general account of the results which have been obtained during the three years in which our dredging has been assisted by the grants of the British Association. In the course of the summer, eight days have been spent in dredging—two of these on the Durham coast, and stv off the northern shores of Northumber- land. The weather, on the whole, was good, or at least such as not to put a stop to our operations, except during the two days spent on the Durham coast, on both of which we were unfortunately driven into harbour by violent gales rising suddenly and unexpectedly. The Mollusca obtained this year are very poor, aud afford little to remark upon, the only species new to the district being Chiton albus, L., of which a single specimen was dredged off Holy Island. Some of the sand-covered Ascidians taken on the Durham coast require further examination. Two fine examples of Stylifer Turtoni were dredged off Holy Island, adherent to an Lchinus pictus. With reference to this species, it may be mentioned that, though the dredges were put down, as we thought, on the very spot where we obtained, last year, abundance of Echinus neglectus (in some cases with Stylifers attached), this time not one specimen of the Echinus came up. There must have been plenty of it within a few yards of the dredge; for the nature of the locality, almost close beneath the cliffs of one of the Farne Islands, precluded the possibility of any great error in this respect. Amongst stalk-eyed Crustacea the following deservenotice:—Atelecyclus hete- rodon, Pagurus cuanensis, P.Hyndmanni, and P. ferrugineus, Crangon Allmani, C. spinosus, C.nanus,and C. fasciatus. Pagurus ferrugineus and Crangon fascia- tus are new to the district. The most important Amphipoda are the following: —Lysianassa Coste, Anonyx Holbollii, Haploops tubicola, Monoculodes cari- natus, Westwoodilla cecula, Protomedeia Whitei, Hdiceros parvimanus, Urothoé marinus, Decamine vedlomensis, Calliope bidentata (undescribed), Eusirus Hel- vetie, Heascladus longicaudatus, Cheirocratus Mantis and Unciolaplanipes, the two last named being new species, descriptions of which, by the Rey. A. M. Norman, are appended to this Report. Of Ostracoda, besides Cythere contorta and C, avena, the following new species, also described by Mr. Norman, were taken :—Cythere latissima, C. guttata, C. multifora, C. levata, C. declivis, C. Bradii, Cythereis dunelmensis, and C. limicola. A new Pycnogon, Nymphon ruber, Hodge, was got on the Durham coast, and is described in the Appen- dix. Thirty-two species of Echinodermata were obtained, and amongst them several species of great interest. Off Dunstanbro’ were taken three speci- mens of Antedon rosaceus, a very rarely noticed inhabitant of our district, and several remarkably fine examples of Ophiopholis aculeata. A small Echinus exhibited by Mr. Norman at the Manchester Meeting of the British Associ- ation, and called by him Z. neglectus, var. 3, was taken abundantly. This, however, has claims to be regarded as a distinct species, and will be described by Mr. Norman from his Shetland specimens under the name of Echinus pictus. A single fine specimen of Echinocardium pennatifidum, Norman *, was dredged off Holy Island. This is the more interesting as the specimen * This is the species described by the late Mr. Barrett from Shetland under the name of Amphidetus gibbosus, Agassiz (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. vol. xix, p. 33, pl. 7. fig. 2). Itis not, however, Agassiz’s species. 190 REPORT—1864. taken by Mr. Barrett, in Shetland, from which alone the species has been recognized as British, appears to have been lost. Three or four specimens of Psolus squamatus were taken off Holy Island. Amongst Polyzoa, Mr. Alder reports the following as being new to the . coast :—Lepralia annulata and Tubulipora lobulata. Bugula Murrayana was abundant, and appears to be pretty nearly confined to the east coast. Among Hydrozoa the most interesting captures were Tubiclava cornucopie (a new species lately described by Mr. Norman from specimens taken in Shetland), Plumularia myriophyllum, a rare species new to this coast, and Halecium labrosum. Several fine Sponges were obtained off Dunstanbro’, but these and the Fora- minifera have not yet been examined. APPENDIX. Nymphon ruber, Hodge (nov. sp.). “Body moderately stout. Lateral abdominal processes distant, once and a half as long as broad. Rostrum short, stout, not equal in length to the first joint of the footjaws. Palpi equal in length to the first joint of the footjaws. Legs long, furnished with strong spines: first and third joints equal; second as long as both ; fourth longer than first ; fifth longer than fourth ; sixth longer than fifth. Tarsus as long as, or slightly longer than hand, with a strong spine at joint on the inner side. Hand slightly curved, with four large spines and a few hairs along the margin. Claw about half the length of the hand; auxiliary claws more than half the length of claw. Colour of body bright red; limbs banded with red.” Subfam. Gammarides, Bate & Westwood. Genus Cheirocratus (xeip, kpdros), Norman (noy. gen.). Superior antennse having a secondary appendage, shorter than the inferior. First gnathopods not subchelate; second subchelate and very large. Last pair of pereiopods very long. Telson deeply and widely cleft. Cheirocratus Mantis, Norman (n. sp.). Eyes irregularly round, of moderate size, placed between the bases of the antenne. Superior antenne not longer than four first segments of the body ; the first joint of the peduncle much thicker than, but not quite so long as, the second; third joint half the length of the second: filament consisting of about twenty articulations, scarcely, if at all, longer than the peduncle. Inferior antenne (imperfect in the typical specimen) having the peduncle greatly developed, the end of the penultimate joint reaching to half the length of the filament of the superior antenne ; the olfactory denticle is large, and there is a small spine on the lower side of the termination of the third joint. First gnathopods not subchelate; the propodos 3-4 times as long as broad ; dactylos scarcely curved, broad, furnished with numerous short spines on the posterior margin. Second gnathopods having a long basis, which gradually widens towards the distal extremity, and is fringed anteriorly with very long simple hairs, and posteriorly with a few short and very minute hairs ; carpus triangular, widening towards the extremity to receive the very large propodos, but not produced either above or below ; propodos as long as the first three segments of the body, about two and a half times as long as broad, widest at the commencement of the palm, which is very oblique, occu- pies half the length of the propodos, and is furnished with three large tooth- -——— DREDGING ON THE COASTS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. 19] like processes ; dactylos strong, much curved, rather more than half the length of the palm, and having the inner margin simple. The basis of the last three pereiopods is about twice as long as broad, the anterior margin furnished with strong (spine-like) hairs, the posterior with very minute and slender hairs set in little notches. Posterior pereiopods very long, and having the propodos greatly developed and flat. The first pair of uropods extend con- siderably beyond the second; the last pair were mutilated. Telson so deeply and widely excavated in the centre as to appear double until closely examined, each portion having an obliquely truncate extremity terminating in spines. Lateral margins of 2nd and 3rd segments of pleon fringed with hairs, and produced posteriorly into a spine-like point. Fourth segment of pleon dorsally produced into two or three spines. Fifth segment having two dorsal spines on either side of the central line. Coxe of all the legs shallow. Genus Unceiola, Say. Superior antenne with a minute secondary appendage; filaments of both pairs of antenn multiarticulate. First gnathopods subchelate; second not sub- chelate. Telson squamiform, simple. Last uropods double-branched, very minute, scarcely longer than peduncle of the preceding pair, tipped with small spines. First two pairs of uropods having their branches truncate at the end, and furnished with strong spines. Unciola planipes, Norman (n. sp.). Superior antenne with first joint of peduncle not so long as the second, and slightly longer than the third ; filament (17-jointed) equal in length to the peduncle ; secondary appendage very minute, consisting of a single joint only, and not longer than the first joint of the filament. Inferior antenne with the peduncle equal in length to that of the superior, but the filament only half the length. First joint of peduncle much shorter than the second, which is of the same length as the third. Head rostrated. First gnathopods subchelate, beset on each margin with tufts of simple hairs; propodos slightly longer than the carpus (which has the distal angle rounded, and of equal width with the articulating propodos), somewhat ovate, and having the palm very oblique and undefined ; dactylos simple, gently curved. Second gnathopods not sub- chelate; carpus and propodos much flattened, and fringed with thick-set hairs; dactylos small, springing from the inferior half of the truncated apex of the propodos, and immersed in a dense tuft of hair which springs from the upper portion of the distal extremity and from the sides of the propodos. Daetyli of the posterior pereiopods large and falciform, margined within with a row simple spines. Body very slender, and coxe of all the legs very small; posterior lateral angles of first three abdominal segments produced into conspicuous teeth. No trace of an eye. Posterior uropods very minute, scarcely as long as the telson. Cythere latissima, Norman (n. sp.). Peach-stone-formed or shortly ovate, with a short central posterior pro- jecting process; greatest height subcentral; length to breadth as one and a half to one ; excessively tumid and gibbous. The ventral margins of the valves are produced into a conspicuous keel, on either side of which the carapace is extremely broad, the valves being projected directly outwards in the form of a strong ridge which externally bends outwards and downwards so as to reach below the level of the margin of the valves. The tumidity of the carapace in this part is excessive, and from thence the yalves slope rapidly to the dorsal 192 REPORT—1864. margin. End view triangular. Carapace white, opaque, punctate. Length one-third of a line. Cythere guttata, Norman (n. sp.). Ovate or peach-stone-shaped, slightly produced to a central point behind ; greatest height and greatest tumidity before the centre; very tumid. Dorsal margin nearly straight in the centre, suddenly sloping posteally, and forming in conjunction with the infero-posteal similarly suddenly sloping margin a small truncated projection. Ventral margin slightly waved. Anterior ex- tremity broadly rounded. Carapace excavated with large cells, which have a somewhat concentric arrangement. Length a quarter of a line. Cythere multifora, Norman (un. sp.). Oblongo-ovate, of nearly equal height throughout; length to breadth as two and a half to one; abruptly swollen immediately above the margin of the valves, and thence sloping to the dorsal margin. Dorsal and ventral margins nearly straight and subparallel; both extremities rounded. Dorsal view prismoidal (parallel-sided, with conical extremities). Carapace excavated with large, deep cells, which leave the interstices standing out in the form of an elegant network. Junction of the valyes keeled. Length one-fourth of a line. Cythere levata, Norman (n. sp.). Oblongo-ovate, highest before the middle at the commencement of the supero-anteal slope; length to breadth as one and three-quarters to one; moderately convex. Ventral margin slightly concave on the anterior half, and convex posteriorly ; dorsal margin nearly straight, the anterior slope the longer. Anterior extremity well rounded, gradually arched into the superior margin above, more suddenly rounded below. Posterior extremity slightly produced centrally ; the superior and inferior slopes nearly equal. Lucid spots consisting of four oblong impressions in a transyerse line, and a semicircular spot in front. Carapace white, smooth, polished, with a few small scattered punctures ; valves bordered by a keel-like fillet, which is more conspicuous behind. Length not one-third of a line. Cythere declivis, Norman (n. sp.). Subtriangular, closely resembling a miniature Mytilus edulis in form; highest before the middle ; length to breadth as about one and three-quarters to one; subcompressed. Ventral margin slightly (rarely considerably) in- curved in the centre ; dorsal margin anteriorly well arched, but sloping rapidly from about the middle towards the posterior extremity. Anterior end wide and well rounded; posterior extremity narrow, rounded. Lucid spots con- sisting of four, placed close together in a transverse curved line (of which the lowest is the largest, and each of those above smaller than its predecessor) ; and in front of these a large comma-formed spot, apparently formed by the coalescence of two. Ventral view cuneiform, moderately convex behind, much compressed in front ; juncture of the valves impressed. Carapace white, trans- lucent, smooth, but marked with conspicuous opaque-white, scattered punc- tures; anterior margin with radiating rib-like markings. Length not quite one-third of a line. Cythere Bradii, Norman (nu. sp.). Oblongo-oyate, of nearly equal height throughout; length to breadth as two and a half to one; very tumid. Ventral margin nearly straight, very slightly incurved a little before the middle; dorsal margin subparallel to ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 193 ventral, having a nearly equal slope at the two extremities, the anterior of which is well and equally rounded, while the posterior, which is slightly the wider of the two, and a little more produced below, has the dorsal curve much longer than the ventral. Lucid spots consisting of a transverse row of four placed close to each other, and two others at some distance in advance of these, and separated from each other. Dorsal view elongated ovate. End view nearly round. Hinge-margin crenulated throughout its length. Carapace white, smooth, but studded with scattered opaque-white punctures. Length half a line. Cythereis Dunelmensis, Norman (n. sp.). Oblong. Dorsal and ventral margins straight, but not parallel, gradually inclining towards each other from the broad, well-rounded anterior extremity to the rectangularly truncate posterior end. Surface of valves excavated with cells, the interstices between which stand out as a network. Carapace mar- gined in front by a row of bead-like spines; posteal extremity of ventral margin bearing four large, semierect, flattened, linguiform processes; other parts of the surface are also armed with small spines, conspicuous among which is a tubercular spine at the anterior extremity of the hinge-line. Length half a line. , Cythereis imicola, Norman (n, sp.). Oblong, short; greatest height at the commencement of the antero-dorsal slope; length to breadth as one and three-quarters to one; subcompressed. Ventral margin straight ; dorsal having a long anterior slope from the highest point, and a gradual downward inclination from the same point posteriorwards. Anterior extremity wide, rounded; posterior extremity rather narrower and subtruncate. Carapace having a greatly elevated longitudinal rib a little within the ventral margin, from the anterior extremity of which about three smaller ribs or crenations proceed divergingly to the front of the valve ; there are also two nodular humps placed side by side near the posterior termination of the hinge-margin. Length about one-fourth of a line. An Account of Meteorological and Physical Observations in Nine Balloon Ascents made in the years 1863 and 1864 (in continuation of thirteen made in the year 1862 and first part of 1863), under the auspices of the Committee of the British Association for the Advance- ment of Science, by James GuarsHeER, F.R.S., at the request of the Committee, consisting of Colonel Sykes, the Astronomer Royal, Lord Wrottesley, Sir D. Brewster, Sir J. Herschel, Dr. Lloyd, Admiral FitzRoy, Dr. Lee, Dr. Robinson, Mr. Gassiot, Mr. Glaisher, Prof. Tyndall, Dr. Fairbairn, and Dr. W. A. Miller. Tar Committee on Balloon Experiments was appointed last year for the following purposes :— Ist. To examine the electrical condition of the air at different heights. 2nd. To verify the law of the decrease of temperature, and to compare the constants in different states of the atmosphere. hes respect to the first of these objects, no progress whatever has been . ty) 194 REPORT—1864. made in the past year, with the exception of preparing an instrument and apparatus for the investigation. At the request of the Committee Mr. Fleeming Jenkin kindly undertook to superintend the construction of the instrument best adapted for the purpose, but it unfortunately happens that no flame or fire of any kind can be admitted into the car of the balloon for fear of igniting the gas, and this instrument, which was furnished a little before the end of the year 1863, was constructed to be used with fire. It therefore had to be altered so that it could be used with water, but is not yet quite in a state for observation. It happens unfortunately that electrical experiments in balloons necessitate the use of one constant flow of water, and occasionally of two flowing at the same time, just below the car of the balloon. [ The Committee felt that the presence of water but little removed from the instruments, if exercising no influence when the balloon was rising, might exercise such an influence on the balloon falling and passing through the just moistened atmosphere as to throw a very considerable doubt on some of the experiments, particularly on those relating to the humidity of the air (a primary object of research), that I was requested to defer taking them, that no doubt might rest on the results, till our knowledge on this subject was much increased. The Committee consider that the general laws on the humidity of the air have now so advanced, that electrical experiments may now be included, providing that such observations can be made with safety to ourselves. With respect to the second of these objects, viz. verifying the law of the decrease of temperature in different states of the atmosphere. The Committee considered that this would be best attained by taking as many observations as possible, at times in the year and at times in the day at which no experi- ments had been made, for the purpose of determining whether the laws which hold good at one time in the year, hold good at other times in the year, and also to determine whether the laws which hold good at noon, apply equally well at all other times in the day. The Committee at all times have pressed on me the importance of magnetic observations in the higher regions of the atmosphere, the Astronomer Royal suggesting the use of a horizontal magnet, and taking the times of its vibra- tion at different elevations, a method which is seldom practicable, owing to the balloon almost constantly revolving on its own axis. To obviate the effect of this, Dr. Lloyd suggested the use of a dipping-needle placed horizontal when on the ground by means of a magnet adjustible above it, so that when in the balloon the deviation from horizontality might be readily noticed, and which deviation would be independent of the revolying motion of the balloon, and could thus be noticed at any instant. T have been unable to attempt the latter method, as Dr. Lloyd wished some experiments to be made before the instrument should be constructed. At Newcastle a very general wish was expressed by the Members of the Council that I should not ascend to heights exceeding 4 or 5 miles. To this I readily consented, because for the most part, from the preceding experi- ments, all the observations above 5 miles could have been inferred from those made below 5 miles; and there was another reason, that the balloon, after the many rough descents, had become, in Mr. Coxwell’s opinion, too unsafe for extreme high ascents. I have therefore no report to give upon any extreme high elevation attained during the past year, yet new facts and new physical conditions have become known in some of the nine ascents upon which I haye to speak, ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 195 § 1. Instruments AnD APPARATUS. The instruments used were for the most part the same in construction with those of the two preceding years, consisting of mercurial and aneroid baro- meters ; Daniell’s and Regnault’s hygrometers ; maximum and minimum ther- mometers, blackened bulb thermometers, both free and enclosed in vacuum tubes; Herschel’s actinometer ;—all these instruments have been frequently in the hands of Mr. Zambra, who superintended their replacement when broken, and their perfect order at all times; two spectroscopes, one lent by the Astronomer Royal, the other by Mr. Simms; a magnet for horizontal vibration ; large caoutchouc bags, furnished by Professor Tyndall, for collect- ing air at high elevations, ozone-papers, &c. In all the highest ascents both a mercurial and an aneroid barometer (the one which was used on the ascent of September 5, 1862), and which was found to read in close accordance with the mercurial barometer to very low readings, were used; in the ascents to moderate elevations, the same aneroid was used alone, it being examined both before and after the ascents, with the mercurial barometer, and occasionally with the mercurial barometer when placed in an exhausted receiver under an air-pump. § 2. OsseRviINe ARRANGEMENTS Were precisely similar to those in previous years; viz. in the high ascents, a board was placed across the car which carried the several instruments, so placed as to be readily read by myself, seated at one end of the car, with my face towards Mr. Coxwell; in the other ascents, when a smaller number of instruments were used, they were placed upon a board projecting beyond the car, easily read by myself standing at one end, with my back to Mr. Coxwell. Circumstances of the Ascents, and General Observations, The ascents to April 6 were made by the same balloon as all the preceding ascents; those on June 13, 20, and 27 by a new and larger balloon, and that on August 29 by the old balloon. Ascent from Newcastle, August 31, 1863.—The situation of Newcastle, as regards the Tyne and the sea, is such as to cause anxiety in respect to any balloon ascent from there. The balloon left the earth at 6" 12™ p.m.; the wind was North; in 4 minutes we were over the High-Level Bridge, at an elevation of 1800 feet ; we passed over Gateshead at 6"21™, being 1 mile from the earth, and in 10 minutes afterwards the height of 13 mile was reached. We continued nearly at this level for some little time, and then began our downward journey; passed into cloud at 6° 54™ at the height of 1600 feet, out of it at 1800 feet, in cloud again at 2000 feet, then turned to descend, passing again through clouds at 1900 feet. At 6" 57" we saw Durham Cathedral, and reached the ground at 5 minutes past seven at Pittington, near Durham. The colours of the clouds observed in this ascent are very remarkable :— At 6" 32™ 308, at 7912 feet high, the colours of the clouds in the east oppo- site to the sun were as follows:—the upper layer brown; next below bluish black, then a darker bluish black; lower still, a thin layer of white cumulo- stratus, next a greenish brown resting on uniform white rocky clouds. At 6" 35™ 30°, at 7329 fect, the colours of the clouds in the west, or under the sun, were as follows :—the upper layer was brown, the second dark blue, 0 2 196 REPORT—1864. under which was a whitish-greyish black resting on uniform white rocky cumulus clouds. At 6"37™ 10%, at the height of 6981 feet, the colours of the clouds in the south were:—the top layer brown, under which was bluish brown, then rocky-brown cumulostratus, below bluish black resting on a base of rocky cumulus. At 6" 43", peaks after peaks, apparently rising up to our level, and clearly defined against the sky ; cloud with a little red in it not opposite to the sun. At 6" 54" 108, at the height of 1580 feet, colours of clouds were as follows : —top layer deep greenish blue ; next bluish black, below green rocky clouds, then slightly rocky cumulus clouds. Ascent from Wolverhampton, September 29, 1863.—The gas used on this occasion was specially prepared in the month of July, as a high ascent was arranged to have taken place before the Meeting of the Association last year, but circumstances prevented it, and the Directors of the Gas Works had most obligingly devoted a gasometer to our use from July to September, much to their own inconvenience. The balloon was filled the preceding day, and watched all night. On leaving, Lord Wrottesley quietly said, “‘ Beware of the Wash,” at the same time pressing my hand, and repeating, ‘‘ Beware of the Wash; I fear that is your direction.” We left the earth at 7" 43™ a.m. with a cloudy sky and a south-west wind. At 7°52™, at the height of 3000 feet, the sun’s disk was seen, and the earth was obscured by mist. At 8" 4™, at the height of 6000 feet, clouds were situated both above and below; at 8" 18", at the height of 8200 feet, there were two layers of clouds below us, and very dense clouds still far above. When at 11,000 feet clouds were still a mile higher; there was a beau- tiful sea of cloud below with a blue tinge over its surface, and the peeps of the earth as seen through the breaks in the clouds were beautiful, having a purple hue ; when at 13,000 feet, clouds were still at a higher elevation, and after this they began to dissipate; and at 9" 38™, at 14,000 feet, the sun shone brightly, and we thought we might gradually approach a height of 5 miles, and remain in the higher regions till after noon, so that I might make a series of actinometer and blackened bulb observations ; but, to our deep regret, at 9» 48™ we found ourselves moving directly for the Wash, as seen through a break in the lower clouds, at an estimated distance of 10 miles only, and we were compelled to begin our descent; at 10" 19™, at the height of 3000 feet, we saw by the bending of the trees that a gale of wind from the south was blowing on the earth, and we had a rough descent, being drawn over hedges, across fields and ditches ; indeed so strong was the wind that the balloon was torn from top to bottom, and was very much injured, but it was only by the almost destruction of the balloon that its course was stopped; we ourselves escaped with slight injuries. Ascent from the Crystal Palace, October 9, 1863.—The balloon left the Crystal Palace at 4" 29™ p.m. ; in 4 minutes it was 2500 feet high; at 4" 46™ was 7300 feet, and directly ae London Bridge, at which height with one glance the vast number of buildings comprising the whole of London could be seen, some so plainly that the plans of their inner courts could have easily been drawn ; in this situation it was difficult, to persuade oneself that that small building directly under us was the Cathedral of St. Paul’s ; we then gradually descended to 2300 feet at 5” 15™, ascended to 3600 feet by 5» 24™ and de- scended again to 1500 feet by 5» 36" ; ascended to 8600 feet by 6", and ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 197 reached the earth by 6" 40™ at Pirton Grange on the boundaries of Hertford and Bedford. Ascent from Woolwich Arsenal, January 12, 1864.—The Secretary of State for War, the Right Hon. Earl de Grey and Ripon, having kindly granted permission to the Committee of the British Association to avail themselves of the facilities afforded in the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, for future balloon ascents for scientific purposes, the ascent took place from there. The ascent was intended to have been made on December 21, the day of the winter solstice, and from this time to the end of the year the balloon was frequently partially inflated: on December 30 it was filled, but its completion was at too late an hour to ascend ; it was left filled in the care of watchmen, but a strong wind arose at night, and it was driven against a gasometer, and so injured as to require repairing, and it was not till January 12 that we succeeded. The balloon on this day left the earth at 2"7™p.m.; in 3 minutes the height of 1500 feet was attained ; at 2" 14™ we crossed the Tilbury Railway line, and in 7 minutes afterwards we were over Hainault Forest ; at 2" 26™ 3000 feet was reached ; the first mile was passed at 2" 32™, the second at 3° 24™, and the height of 12,000 feet was attained by 3"31™, The balloon then began to descend and touched the ground at 4" 10", at Lakenheath Warren, near Brandon, the descent not having taken one-half the time of ascent. : On the earth the wind was S.E.; at the height of 1300 feet we entered a strong S.W. current; we continued in this current till we reached a height of 4000 feet, when the wind changed to the south; and after some little time we determined upon ascending. At the height of 8000 feet the wind changed to S.S.W.; at the height of 4000 feet the wind changed to S.S.E.; at 11,000 feet we met with fine granular snow; passed through snow on de- scending till we were within 8000 feet of the earth; entered clouds at 7000 feet, and passed out of them at about 6000 feet into mist. Ascent from Woolwich Arsenal, April 6, 1864.—This ascent was intended to be made as near March 21 as possible; but although frequent attempts were made, it was not till April 6 that we succeeded. The balloon left Woolwich on this day at 4" 7" p.m., with a south-east wind ; in 9 minutes, when at the height of 3000 feet, we crossed over the River Thames, ascending very evenly at the,rate of 1000 feet in little more than 3 minutes, till 11,000 feet was attained at 42 37™, and descended at about the same rate till within 1500 feet of the earth, when the rapidity of the descent was checked, reaching the ground at 5" 25™, on the outskirts of a pine plan- tation in Wilderness Park, near Sevenoaks, in Kent. Our course in this ascent was most remarkable ; having first passed over the River Thames into Essex, we must have repassed and moved in a directly opposite direction, and continued thus till we approached the earth, when we again moved in the same direction as at first. After the great injury to the balloon on September 29, in addition to the numbers of repairs that it had previously needed, it was not, when again repaired, in such a condition as (in Mr. Coxwell’s opinion) to be quite safe to ourselves for extreme high ascents; and after those of January 12 and April 6, having been made at a time of year that any balloon would be most severely tested, Mr. Coxwell determined, before venturing again with myself to any great elevation, to build a new balloon. This he did, and one of a capacity capable of containing 10,000 cubic feet more than the old one, so that, if need be, two observers could ascend to- gether to the height of 5 miles. 198 REPORT—1864, A new balloon, however, needs trying in low ascents till it proves to be gas-tight, before it can be used for great elevations. Ascent from the Crystal Palace, June 13, 1864.—On this ascent the balloon left the grounds of the Crystal Palace at 7 o'clock. The sky was cloudless, and the air perfectly clear, excepting in the direction of London. An elevation of 1000 feet was reached in 11 minute; 3000 feet was at- tained at 7" 8™, when the balloon turned to descend, and passed down to 2300 feet by 7°13™; on reascending, 3400 feet was gained at 7" 20™; after taking aslight dip, it again ascended to 3550 feet (the highest point) by 7" 28™; then descended to 2500 feet, and after several small ascents, began the downward journey at 7° 50™ from the height of 2800 feet, reaching the ground at East Horndon, 5 miles from Brentwood, at 8" 14™. Ascent from Derby, June 20, 1864,—The balloon left Derby at 17 minutes past 6" p.m.; at 6" 30™ the height of 1000 feet was reached, the next 1000 feet being passed in half a minute ; then ascended less rapidly ; cloud was entered at 6" 26™, 3600 feet being gained, and 4000 feet at 6" 30™; descended to 2700 feet by 6" 36™, being over Ilkeston ; Nottinghamjand its race-course were visible at 6" 41™; we then reascended to 4300 feet at 6" 50™; on de- scending, passed over Southwell at 6"56™, and touched the ground at 7" 16" on a farm at Norwell Woodhouse, ncar Newark. Ascent from the Crystal Palace, June 27, 1864.—The balloon left the grounds of the Crystal Palace at 6" 333"; the sky was cloudy, and the wind was blowing from the West. At 6" 38™, when 1000 feet from the earth, we crossed over Penge, reached 1500 feet high at 6" 43™, descended to 800 feet by 6".48™, being over Short- lands ; ascended to 1200 feet by 6" 52™, being over Hayes Common ; remained at about this elevation for 8 minutes, descended about 300 feet, and then as- cended to 4200 feet by 7" 16"; descended 1000 feet slowly, and reascended, to the height of 5000 feet by 7° 42™; began to descend, passing over the left of Tonbridge, near the village of Hudlow, and over the Medway on reaching 2400 feet at 8" 8"; we then ascended 1200 feet, and began to descend again at 8" 15™, passing between Hawkhurst and Cranbrook ; were within 600 feet of the earth at 8" 55™, being nearly over Tenterden; we then reascended, and in 13 minutes had attained an elevation of 6000 feet, and reached the earth at 9" 21" in Romney Marsh, about half a mile from Cheyne Court, 4 miles from Lydd, and 5 miles from the coast. These several trial trips of the new balloon were made, and it had gradu- ally become gas-tight, and capable of any work required, when at Leicester, I regret to say, it was destroyed with all its appurtenances. One would scarcely believe it possible that such an act could take place in the centre of England in the present day, but it was so destroyed, and effect- ually stopped all the prearranged experiments. The Mayor of Leicester has presided over meetings for the purpose of collecting subscriptions to assist Mr. Coxwell to rebuild a new balloon, which I hope will help to remove the stigma now resting upon Leicester; and I trust the Foresters will also help to remove the stain now resting upon them ; for if not the act of the Foresters themselves, it was at one of their gatherings, under their superintendence, and the destruction of the balloon was not, so far as I can learn, attempted to be stopped by those Foresters present. Mr. Coxwell then had recourse to the old balloon, which he had repaired as best he could, and the next and last ascent of which I haye to speak took place. Ascent from the Crystal Palace, August 29, 1864.—At 4° 6™ 30* the balloon rose from the Crystal Palace, passing the first.3000 feet in 4 minutes, after ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 199 which it did not rise so rapidly. At 4°36", at the height of 11,000 feet, it was over Lewisham ; at 4" 42™ nearly stationary; over Charlton at 4" 46™, and Woolwich at 4" 50™ when at the height of 13,500 feet. It then began to descend ; was over Erith at 5" 9™, moving quickly, crossed over the river at 5" 18", and reached the ground at 6” 32™ at Wybridge, near Rainham, in Essex. § 3. Description or THE TABLE OF OBSERVATIONS. All the meteorological observations taken during the ascents are contained in Table I. Column 1 contains the times at which the observations were made, Column 2 contains observations of the siphon barometer corrected for temperature and index error. Column 3 contains the readings of the thermometer attached to the barometer. Column 4 contains the readings of an aneroid barometer. Column 5 contains the height above the level of the sea, as reduced from the barometric readings in column 2 on the days the siphon barometer was used, and from column 4 on other days, by the formula of Baily, checked at inter- vals by that of Laplace, which is as follows :— of 2 t+¢—64 ‘ 2+4+52251 4=l0x( 7) x g0159(1 i 0) +0-002837 cos 2L)(1+ sassa000)* where Z is the height required, and h, h’, t and?’ the height of the barometer corrected for temperature, and the temperature of the air at the lower and upper stations respectively, L the latitude. The temperature of the air for the position of the balloon has been derived from the readings in column 10, when such have been taken, otherwise from column 6. Columns 6 to 9 contain the observations with the dry- and wet-bulb thermometers free, and the deduced dew-point. Column 10 contains the readings of a gridiron thermometer. Columns 11 to 14 contain the observations with the dry- and wet-bulb thermometers aspirated, and the deduced dew- point. Columns 15 and 16 contain the direct dew-point observations with Daniell’s and Regnault’s hygrometers. When numbers are entered in columns 15 and 16 with “no dew” affixed to them, it is meant that the temperature of the hygrometer has been lowered to the degree stated, but that no dew has been deposited. Column 17 contains the readings of a yery deli- cate blackened bulb thermometer fully exposed to the sun’s rays. The Astronomer Royal had observations made every 10 minutes at the - Royal Observatory, Greenwich, on five days of ascents; Lord Wrottesley had observations made by Mr. Hough at Wrottesley Observatory on the ascent from Wolverhampton; E. J. Lowe, Esq., had observations made at Beeston Observatory for the ascents at Wolverhampton and Derby ; and observations were made at my house at Blackheath by Messrs. Yair and Howe on June 27 and August 29. In calculating the height of the balloon, the observations made at the Philo- sophical Society’s Rooms, Newcastle, have been employed for August 31; those at Wrottesley for September 29; those at the Royal Observatory for October 9, 1863, January 12, April 6, June 13, and June 27, 1864; those at Nottingham for June 20; and those at Blackheath for August 29, 1864, The height of Greenwich above the mean sea-level =159 feet. The height of Wrottesley above the mean sea-level=531 fect. The height of Newcastle above the mean sea-leyel=121 feet. The height of Nottingham above the mean sea-leyel=174 feet. The height of Blackheath above the mean sea-level =160 feet. 200 REPORT—1864. TastE I.— Meteorological Observations made in the Fourteenth 2. Siphon Barometer. Dry and Wet Ther- 23 ; Aneroid | Height above 7 aS ‘i Readin 5 BD, Time. g Att. Barometer,| sea-level. cE anielucea | Thera. | NO? Dante to 32° Fahr. hm i s in. o in, feet ° = 6 o opm. aspaer® |) Bens Si Gseens 64°0 600 6n65508,, ZOUO WE. |eiteseiss alll a szcore ground 64°0 60°0 G7 oe Zoe Oe! Sereace/f|| assess 64°0 60°0 (1) 612 0, Dept Nt tear Ul sanoce 196 56:0 54°0 (2) Gict3WiOasy Dye |" ease eos 422 5670 5375 (3) rales hue | Ri cae stin Hialnesterst Lilli dusnises (650) (4) 613-40 ,, 6 14 to, ZERGO Gs well ceasent |p etaeeaes 874 55°5 53°0 6 14 20 ,, ZOLGAteE i (Pabececete | enesant 1,109 54°2 52°1 (5) 6 14 30 ,, BSisOMe access Wit casaas 1,145 53°5 512 (6) (erie toy Seta 8 ated Sh coocep.. | Pemostece eter, (7) (Tee ON ag eh» cornell cere ienayen 1,496) (8) 6 15 40 ,, ofa. MNS caasco ol ©, aobard 1,963 51°5 49°0 616 0,, QT EROWe HM cached leVceciats 2,270 50°5 48°5 6-17) ols Dif olevetne||. « nocberees Ite foster 2,670 5075 47°2 (9) GieI7e AO ns; Cental |i gereceicto fy enll t Mle>tae oo leniaas'e ze (2,737) 6 18,,0°,, 2GGG Hh TC iscwes. ll Uepcens 2,770 478 45°1 6 18 30 ,, DOM sal nesess! aa] ie esas 3,263 47°2 44°0 618 4o ,, ROOT | sacdesepa alltel oacloas 3,694 46°0 42°1 6 18 50 ,, 25°92) | seceee | sce 3,778 45°2 4Vl Gert XO); Peg iy ances: AP codec 4,167 45°2 40°5 6°25 Zon BigeZOW yl! Tease Millle iss cose 4,425 45°0 40°5 6 20 20 ,, Cassia) ~ ool Sac A Wasps 4,632 43°5 38°38 (10) 6 20 30 ,, DACRE > In Mieessthe| 5 ann axe 45907 43'0 38'2 6 20 40 ,, SAAR at edlens | || Bethiess 5,403 42°0 B70 6 21 10 ,, DASOO weal puessawe ll Wasesines 5,844 40°70 35°5 (11) 6 21 30 ,, ae whe Pceoass ye Sasce 6,4.04. 37°0 32°5 Gu22 Om, Pig peyon ™ ll wesnscny |i ered 6,627 35°5 30°5 Gl22esous EEA ME ctacd Wl. cSieed 6,963 350 29'0 6iageo. 8: ZO RIS \\eeasiecs || Mueccie se 7,022 34°5 29°0 (12) 6 23 30,, On| opgees Mi |mp coricer 7,080 34°0 28°5 6G 245 ou, De TO ea || agate Ns oe ae a eo 79315 34°0 28°7 6 24 10 ,, AG A ererree Ill Mester 73374 33°9 28°5 6.25" so" Cr IES} ban | y aeocealh al | We coeds 73549 33°5 27°38 (13) GRO GIAO 4s, CRIN) ccanee Cal | Midsessac yD] estas (7,629) (14) B)i27 7 Fors, 2ZBO lt atenss- ell) ess ao 7,790 34'0 28°5 : Gra 5 Ons Deoeetoh a | Pisco Bly oon 7,799 34°0 28°5 6 28000) 5 22ZOm wl wocaivas pel) yeusjeae 73922 34°0 28°5 6128 30 ,, ZAsVO Me ol oti wekente || yaeelane 7,912 34°0 28°5 6°29 "0 ,; 22°20) Fh) |i usattes Myllt blis datene 7,912 34°0 28°5 i 2. 3. 4, 5. 6. 7. Norns anp (1) Left the earth a few seconds earlier. (3) Heard people shouting. (5) Entering cloud. (7) Over the Tyne; cumulus below in detached masses. (8) Tynemouth very clear; cumulus and scud far below ; sun shining beautifully on the balloon ; over Newcastle ; lower clouds moving apparently faster than we are ; railway whistle heard ; can see an island in the Tyne higher up than Newcastle; hear loud buzzing noise. (9) Passing over the High Level Bridge. (2) Over suburbs of Newcastle. (4) Over Manors railway station. (6) Above clouds. Can see masts of ships in Tyne; cumulus in white heaps on our level; sun shining on some clouds and not on others; can see fields and houses through distant break in clouds; gas cloudy. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 201 Balloon Ascent, from Newcastle, August 31, 1863. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. | 4 Gudirons emer ry) Lai, em afin, Th = Daniell’s. | Regnault’s.| 5° el Diff. |Dew-point. ae Dry. | Wet. Diff. = eee uy ge Dew-point. | Dew-point. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 4°0 56°7 GASH AL V secewodllbeeeeteallll hippo gael ctcwsas 57°70 4°0 56°7 64:0 4°0 56°7 63°8 2°0 52°1 2°5 Sir 2°5 50°6 2° 50°0 23 48°5 53°5 2°5 PAPAS ec MM cadesal ppce 4,927 (10) 6 44 30 4, 24°92 | eee ST lbeesswiegs 4,865 39°0 3671 (11) 6 45 Mo 5, BEIOO EEN sesevs ] ass g 4,784. 39°5 372 (12) 6 45 3° 5 QE'ZO* | seuss |. =~ voness 45452 39°5 3771 (13) 646 0, AGRO r 1] -ertans. || --seenee 4,231 40°5 37°38 14) 6 4615 ,, BRU7O! |b vexatse- || | B=s= 4 4,009 41°5 38°5 15) OAT “O03, ZEQOs1| wevws, | - secre. 3,787 42°1 40°5 (16) G7 SOs; | Ti) Pecperce =| beacons: 4 reed (3,685) 6 47 3° » DOO." |b cusees. Yi) #Pssse. 3,480 42'1 40°8 648 0,, Grate Will leoeases, mill iss one? 3,264 42°8 412 . 6 48 10 ,, BORG +4} ) ase asi: |) Press nee 3,018 4371 42°8 (17) 6 48 20 ,, CA fia eee eee 2,957 43°8 421 (18) OAS Oey, Pele meceeen leiescssn% Pu eneces (2,908) 6°49 “fog, RGIGO.. | eextwes Ol Fe=s ep 2,762 44°1 43°0 64g Zor", D7EZOW It ceseivve! pi) assets 2,466 45°2 44°1 649 45 BGeaG) V\ivretecke,. yi]! sees 2,317 45°2 45°0 1 2, 3 4. 5. 6 a (1) Cricket ground at Newcastle, the place we left, visible; rainbow seen between lower cumulus and upper clouds; sense of warmth; small patches of cirrus. (2) Can see rainbow again; over cumulus in rocky heaps; sun shining on us ; can see Neweastle through break in clouds. Colour of clouds opposite to the sun: Top (1) brown stratus; (2) bluish-black stratus; (3) darker bluish-black stratus ; (4) thin layer of white cumulostratus; (5) greenish-brown stratus; (6) uniform rocky clouds forming the base of everything. (3) Blue sky above; wind felt in our face. (4) Uniform rocky clouds below us. Colour of clouds under the sun: Top (1) brown stratus ; (2) dark-blue stratus ; (3) whitish-greyish black stratus; (4) uniform rocky cumulus. (5) Perfectly quiet; cumuli visible, apparently resting on the earth. Colour of clouds opposite to the sun: Top (1) brown stratus; (2) bluish-brown stratus; (3) rocky brown cumulostratus; (4) bluish-black stratus; (5) uniform base of rocky cumulus. (6). Losing sight of the sun; beautiful gilded edge of clouds visible ; travelling along over a line of railway in the direction of Durham; wind gentle; no ozone; can see fields with sheaves of corn through a break in the clouds, ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 18638 anp 1864. 203 Balloon Ascent, from Newcastle, August 31, 1863. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated), Hygrometers. = elicate Sie )~C«|té<“‘é‘éC*dS G@rricdixonn . Blackened Th is Daniell’s. | Regnault’s. : Diff. [Dew-point.| meter. | Dry. | Wet. | Diff uae ee Dew-point. | Dew-point. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °o 5°5 18°83 5°5 18°38 5°5 oc) Pa ee ee es Pee eer tesies, eacoss TSG wav aay 37°0 5°5 18°8 50 22°0 40 BGG | ll} vege ‘eapericlbase=s= |lsecore ecoeae [rar bane 1,171 50°5 50°0 6 58 30 ,, ZOPOON lM nnseee hill \cscend 909 51'0 50°0 (10) Epes ei} |h eebonal 4] pesabas 840 5370 52°5 (11) 6 59 30 ,, ZOELO aE fenseeen an fete tna 704, 53°2 52°4 (12) Fie OP MED vc 6 ZOO Wiiaswece hil seven 635 53°5 52°5 hes sa banlelesy 4 ZORA Mies sne Hi) ences 600 53°77 52°5 bh Oss Ay cos Schissay ? IE iscancd 531 53°8 (8) | 7 5 0, | EMGRSCO 6, OWE Neideon: seal’) @otaes (|= oth ters ground 53°5 ects Crrpeet |p eicsvnns meson lhe -seBtic 53°5 Meteorological Observations made in the Fifteenth Sufey tere aee. Ill Mekiseticn core | hat Jacoas 29°58 } Me TON ss 29°436 EER A iasodoc zc 44°2 43°3 7 asaOn as; ZO 27 Weewenen 29°55 2 +| 47°2 460 CA) 97 36% ©. 29°459 | evaeee 29°55 & J 475 | 45°5 WisA@e KO's, 2A SA wll a sesswe 29°55 48°0 46°1 AGO tase ZO OND Nwb cues esibill Uuracnine 731 47°0 45° AR Ones ZOOTS wie ledeas sally ieesenes 879 46°0 44'2 (15) FAO WON 55 27 Ole aaabecent 28°85 1,092 45°2 44°1 746530) ..5 280A A Ae apacee 28°72 1,270 4571 43°8 (16) 7 TAT REO ss ZBi2ZA7 || vewsae 28°30 1,853 451 43°0 il 2 3 4 5. 6. 7 (1) A uniform stratum of cloud above. (2) Can see Castle clearly ; sheep visible. (3) Gas clearing ; over thin wood; can see small village or hamlet. (4) In clouds; valve opened; can see the sky, of a greenish colour. (5) Above clouds. Colour of clouds: Top (1) deep greenish blue; (2) bluish black ; (8) green rocky clouds ; (4) slightly rocky clouds. (6) In clouds again. (7) In clouds; descending rapidly ; cannot see earth. ; (8) Descending slowly; profound silence ; in white mist; gas beautifully clear. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 205 Balloon Ascent, from Newcastle, August 31, 1863. | mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. ‘di —| Delicate Thenne: pet Daniell’s. | Regnault’s, Parse op Diff. |Dew-point.| meter. Dry. | Wet. | Diff. point. : i mometer, Dew-point. | Dew-point. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° oO ° 06 Gan | oseaduk |) deccet, deeds lowers tee 45°0 o"4 46°3 o'8 46°1 48°0 o'7 46°7 ccecnlp ||| secsmet es ncee- | Qetncomlecteetm ceaeecbut ify vestes 48°5 08 473 o'8 43°r eeineecee | Seer. 3 jl) ssrccuell) ceschs |, accede oem 48°0 BS | 455 | 50's I'o 49°0 O'5 ROR eBooks eillleeasoes liecasaec |) eeeane 50°0 oo 50°5 o'7 POEM DY seeece will csacnoiilt ccc ses,’ Vegan al cca 49°0 1°6 47°2 13 471 2°0 45°9 etensauhl biaos stay acest cee ae 46°5 ceeee 51-0 O'5 CRS lh doe zeae ti Saaccvallbuwescts: lecaec’ oll roomie 50°0 o's aie? | aeecem® ||| sasegeh |Papeans |, enact ccaees 50°0 1'o 49'0 O°5 52°0 o'8 GMB) Secs 2s0 |) esses seb counties, lieeatdetes: Vita iets 51°0 1r'o 51'S rz 51°3 Balloon Ascent, from Wolverhampton, September 29, 1863. a nnseee ae ee ge ee Oe a o"4 43°4 446 | 44°5 | 43°5 | 10 | 424 43°5 V2 447 2°0 43°4 ; I'9 44°1 48:0 +) 43°0 1°83 42°2 I'l 42°9 i53 412 21 40°7 45'2 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. (9) Can see earth faintly ; can hear children’s voices; can see furnaces and tramways ; Durham Minster in sight on a hill; Leamside Junction visible. (10) Going towards hills beyond Leamside. (11) Crossed the North-Eastern Railway. (12) Over tramway. (18) On the ground near Pittington. (14) Cloudy sky; wind S.W. (15) Misty all round; east clearest. (16) Can see the top of a high hill; query the Wrekin. : 206 REPORT—1864. Taste I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Fifteenth 2 Siphon Barometer. Dry and Wet Ther- gs 3 Aneroid | Height above oOo " . 52 Time. Reading Att, |Barometer,| sea-level. a3 ecgrested | ihern, | No-2 cst Sie to 32° Fahr. hm s in. 5 in. feet. a < (1) 7 47 50am. 28049 AG;O% ur ees ; 2,129 44°9 43'0 7 50! -O5, 27°849 GQO +} hieeceet 2,197 44°38 43°0 (2) Jao ROW ss 26950 49°0 27°00 2,870 42°0 4u't 7 52 30 3 26°451 49°0 26°50 3,278 41°5 39°0 3) WGA OO) 55 267154. 48°'0 26°20 eee, pit 37 5 E aS Ostet ee eser Pi P ares os} 4 |) verses 3,811 38°5 36°5 (4) 750 Ol, 25°859 AGIO TN Wes cece ao 38'0 35°8 Tt 57 Oe, Se cae enees |) Mwdeans 25°70 4539 37°5 35°0 (5) 759.208 ;, 24°619 42°5 24°75 51314 35°2 32°2 (6) 3°50) OF an 24°469 42°5 24°42 5,473 33°8 grr (7) Sar Oe: 24°270 BQO) s|-nceesas 5,789 330 30°4 (8) Set2"04.,, 2 Os pe ae toe 24°00 6,000 32°2 29°8 cio} re Cec tsh ae 23°373 410 10) SUNaeT OR PATSS Nel Wreese 3 23°81 6,117 31°5 29'0 11) Sans O85; 23°674. BOS 1 | ; 19°702 27°2 19°70 11,062 bay i 14'2 SFG yOu hss - adilllsteme eee ounll ft iceaelame-boill y smaivn es, Ie eas dee sees || | ascot B37, ON igs Ge Miimesemecnes «| asceisse | [ierasneess (11,075) 17°5 14'1 3.33) 0) },; 19°552 21G=S Nall i kestans 11,082 162 I4°1 (7) : 39 0 |» 19°523 asceny |lieerasaS 11,127 3 14°2 AGmO Nhs, 197303....:| .cenese 19°30 11,592 16'2 140 (8) 8 41 0 . 19°253 PASH de || teeece 11,654 160 tae (9) STAD CO. .5 TOLOS WP sanene 1g'lo 11,857 16'0 140 ; tyes Fey aie DEAO OS. vlliiaanses 1 [il penne 12,113 15°S 14°8 (10) SnAt ROL Es, TSe7EO ve ll ueanigae 18°70 12,305 13°38 12°5 (11) 8 44 30 ,, 133705 |), eonins Re) atic 12,416 12°2 II's (12) TAS On) 55 ROTO Guel Pi iescives fll usin 12,416 130 12°1 SeAGe WOR tsa | VsCicideses| well Usenseehlle uawan's (12,405). ||| § scereeaerab cance (13) 824630) 455) PU macecdeh -2||) vesclenuhll aun (12,415) SAT Olas. 18°706 24°5 18°70 12,414 142 ene : ae Cle, 18°606 24°5 18°60 12,800 13°0 PATS Yo any EU /EE ak pene obs comm Wee cecocc so ekats wes, || | aesteeoile |) | aaeeeee (14) S401 0. %., 18°506 DAE) MND istenaiee 12,857 1672 150 $50) 20) |, 18°507 24'0 18°50 12,857 (15) Sgr 0. 4,, 18°307 DACOM | Mieswele 12,972 160 852 0 ,, 18°357 BAGO L AM easeass 12,900 TORORES| | an date (16) Sih2630l 45; Gri tock one Eesti satepuibe (12;800),, |} .-stepe IP ssaeee S53. 10.15, US*56O).t | dveicee, | snenne 12,666 T7GSbk |) | sack (17) 854. 07), 18°633 | cee ene 1862 | 12,533 17°8 17'0 (18) CTP Mac Yo): | Be UB7TA || sess. siete io 12,818 (19) SO B5 HOT, ,, Oe Cech eceuace| fences’? | wewerees 12,818 17°5 16°9 (20) SiS Fay t., 18°548 18:0 18°50 12,704. ETE Ah b espiecs (21) 8 53 .0 |, 18°618 Aaron |p sboane 12,593 17°5 169 859° 0: |, 18°318 | essen 18°30 12,926 14'0 13°5 (22) cope rey Coun a 13°ZI8 | soars 18°30 12,926 IIS 115 Geet. 30:45, DOES bs aacese ances 12,926 11°8 115 (23) Seg L Ah tiie. | chiicstecme, oil Puvencecanhyl| nicesees 12,926 | -sgenmenna |e veces (24) 9 st.3e-%, 18°315 | weeeee 18°30 12,926 12°5 12'0 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. le (1) A faint sun ; the liquid in the actinometer did not move at all; wind below apparently. (2) A faint sun; examined everywhere with small spectroscope ; the spectrum the same as on the earth. (3) Looks like a beautiful garden at places from 20 to 30 miles distant, upon which the sun is shining brightly ; in some places the sun is shining on beautifully curved clouds. (4) Gleam of sun. (5) Beautiful bed of clouds; beautiful blue tinge over clouds. (6) Clouds a mile above us at least. (7) Passing a large town ; query Nottingham or Ashby de la Zouch. (8) Ozone powders=4; dotted clouds. (9) Ice on water. (10) Moving straight for the Wash. (11) No sun. (12) Image of the sun faint. (13) Gun heard. (14) Clouds above. (15) Clouds far above us, at least a mile, ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 209 Balloon Ascent, from Wolverhampton, September 29, 1863. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated), Hygrometers. Gridiron ——__________—_| Delicate Thermo- at Daniell’s. | Regnault’s, Pe ae Diff. |Dew-point.| meter. Dry. | Wet. | Diff. point. 3 , mometer. Dew-point. | Dew-point. ° ° ° esenas teeeee 230 5°0 seescs 13°4 6-0 25 39 570) dele See, 12°5 7° eedese, ant 1G, fem 16°5 Aes) tal) Picccets 17'0 goesas Ol @ saeco 162 3°5 10'S | cee nne 20°0 seeeee seevee 19°5 P25 te | Oke 20°9 13°0 13°5 DEO ae |) OS. 13'0 Ill 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. (16) Stratus clouds, some on our level, and some at a higher elevation. (17) The actinometer reading decreased on exposing the chamber of the instrument. (18) A very great variety of clouds. J (19) Stratus on our level; sixteen distinct cumuli resting apparently on the earth; like the smoke on discharging ordnance; dark shadow on the ground, on} Beautiful tinge of blue. 21) Seas of white rocky cloud; mist; patches of light on the earth. (22) Smoke streaming up to a height of 14 mile; counted forty separate cumuli, appa-~ pie resting on the earth. |. (23) Gas clear ; examined balloon internally for holes or rents. (24) Gas clear; examined the balloon internally for rents; the dome of the balloon appeared reatly increased in size ; does looking through a volume of gas apparently enlarge objects? 1864, P 210 2 REPORT—1864. Taste I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Fifteenth n Siphon Barometer, Dry and Wet Ther- 2 3 Ta Te eealen old - A Time, Renting. Att, |Barometer, apeia rie = as and cecieteedl Therm. ei oa ded to 32° Fahr. hm 5s in. ° in. feet ° ° (1) 9 2 Oam TO-2OS Me Masses Ff Weoenat 12,975 (2) Op [Sao bs moa. 5..1.| BM sscacs 18°20 | 13,025 15°0 14°5 (3) one4uro. hs Reese |i Maoist lt Lavan te 13,025 15"0 14°8 (4) Ly Klee Teel rey 18-20 13,025 15:0 14°83 (5) OTT a0 ats, TSP PINI AND Syknns tlt tases 13,030 TSG EH) woteee Gy aE elie SE Sai tT Sater elle ae xe 13,160 TOIOE Wa nets (6) OMe OO Fysh | mipletbaes ah At Picks ode |) assess |) Deets SO | RceeeeeRnn anes (7) 9IOy 0745, TSSEOR || | bovasas2 |e ccanet= 13,279 151 14°5 (8) 9 1105301; TSROOS) Pritiees(cco | Rip ene 13,321 15°0 14°5 QT T MO 1;) - GAWL mobeee aeh clita omsase. 1 |lwemeao'¥® 4 llam dereaeveeen el) aenaeenl Mn ceh tks (9) ATT BEG ahd hl Meeacctis sat Al Geneseo oo a. | nlaweaete (13,602) (10) ONO. bs Ti7sOTS | Metecce- te]. lesions 13,882 14°5 140 9eI2939.4,5 (11) yee} Ae] Pe 177645 24/0 ase 14,218 Li he iia We Bere, (12) 9)\T4 0. |, 177663 ZAQ |. aceene 14,096 12°38 12°4 Onrse OLE, 17°713 240 17°70 13,791 12°2 11'2 (13) 916 © ,, 17°713 DASONE |nisesesre 13,805 14°5 QET 7 On bsy | ees Oca ccedd | Mbeeeeee: i eee 14°5 27°O (14) 9 18 0 ” 15) O08 01 F;, EGIOTS) Wi pcaacerl | |peduowsbe 13,695 EQ hy .sitS (16) By ear oye iy 7 OT 2 was | CA aonlanel basa see 13,695 80 (17) On23u. 0) by THOUSY || tuersesceee teas . 13,695 eh eel Miceeee (18) Qh ZA te Ok). le eve ve ie sei heateeee ls aeaeee es (195738)\- |iecmcete lide aoouee (19) e256, Ob by, UU PLAY a | oe PRS Bll as 13,982 570 OFZ Te CO ts, E7813 ZED lv ineesps 13,982 S°Be bs. sexton Of23500 ¥., 17°643 Bx*O) Gols aiaas spo 13,807 FA. neh . (20) 9129) ©), 17°513 ZOO! Flite soci 13,982 2°5 2°0 Oust. 0. |, 16°514 T9Q°O | swe eee 15,517 2°0 1'o (21 i328 0-4: EOIOES) | Radeevess bali msnscys 16,284 1"2 o'2 (22 aae Onn 15°815 UR Ot4 ldauake oss 16,590 COOL Ih. caiees ONg4, © 45; HE ING jgeee | Meee et | Perea 14,295 Dean OUl ss Gf A ty 1 ial Pe Bee 17°30 14,235 475th aie ; 9.30: © 3,5) ni ai | Peseaeane el AP escae 14,219 75)" Migesyeds (23) 938 0° ,, 17°517 180 17°50 | 14,175 i) 5°9 24) Di ADs 0 fas ged Rekince yy cv [le imaneee +. Hoi teaneps sdefieaeaaness epee ieeaseenenn (25) O41 0 |, Ba pA DoT heaastans oh le waans oe 14,203 SER [i dea (26) On43) (0.1, TOTS SAN sanniane 17°60 13,897 6°0 4°9 (27) ae. © |; 17°618 57.51) leaker 13,897 1. 2. 3. 4, 5. 6. 7. (1) Shadow of cloud upon mist very fine; earth has a violet colour. (2) Sun bringing mist up vertically. (3) The sun was shining ; the increase of scale reading in one minute by the actinometer was 5 divisions. (4) Clouds above; a bright sun; actinometer increased 4 divisions in one minute. (5) Clouds above us still ; the sun was bright; actinometer increased 7 divisions in one minute, and fell 3 divisions in the shade in one minute, (6) Stratus on our level. (7) Crossing a river; query Trent. (8) Sand out; suspect the direction of the wind changed here. (9) A shrill whistleup the balloon was followed by a ringing sound for 10 seconds, after- wards passing down the balloon, (10) The air is very nearly saturated ; clouds above us still. (11) Sun shining ; spectrum everywhere, (12) B to G; F very distinct ; sky spectrum. (13) Water applied to Wet-bulb Thermometer ; no ozone paper coloured anywhere. (14) Sun shining on Gridiron Thermometer, 2 ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 211 Balloon Ascent, from Wolverhampton, September 29, 1863. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers, Gridiron Delicate Wiesnee Daniell’s | Regnault’s, Tanne . : Diff, Dew- er- Diff. |Dew-point.! meter. Dry. | Wet. * | point. : , monet Dew-point. | Dew-point. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° o'5 reo a ies At a hey fee ected oho Rad (ere MR 15°0 o"2 1 12 i Pel 3. (Ea mcs A ictooe | aso 14'0 o2 13°3 Rr een i ch escee |, ceascoit]) Ox onaay lh aeteeene onsets 7'2 ath 16°5 DME eos |W) ) weeare! 8) ocvans, |) eleced A) sacs eRraee Ts cusaee) TIA) “lence 19*0 Seen Lg scotch) comecel | cs-.04 | sectece Minecaee i 06 oO Of ateracle |, ceadset] Atos nt | ceves ee ean 120 o's 10°6 Sree at ceyeeelOl]| ccdsectitcs-ssa- | os-e tht comer 13°0 o°5 EOS Si Ewlaacestien Vr oassnetilitesesesis|| "ssses05, |) wamaee IIs REIS ecass, [dv ccneoibeh. sebipey |, stoves’. | scpoese| “esos sp ||| eatenes} -ascvost | — 20'S sebene 60 05 SR sacneee FAL ccksveehs | ccspaoct’} Seoeaecr]scsete) | seceed —Io'o aaeriee 4°6 SEOEEE “pescas 1) ichvate | cess Seemeplilt areessth aeane —I0'o Sears tabs Chg P ell capers] Ser adel | Mccce. 21) lantaeet | adescc ME | webens 370 Sascee | scovsn | covcce | ecocvec | eevece | coccce | ceveve — see Ee ecsssce ft ested | soseed Wecade) | sesses) | sompac 5"0 veeees 10°0 TPS eA i dis es Salle me (Ne Sul he aeeeot [uetaete OSM dD west ee 8°5 Ea encGe) 1) secinckS. || actos |! wheees, dh ovcses eoeas 4°0 LSet | POR 5°0 Sobel Wivescdoiatevsren. |) adenes 4°5 PROP boaper i] vusreber |) «scaser|ieeude ceveee | veceee — 3°0 apenas 85 8, 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. (15) Blue sky; actinometer increased 5 divisions in one minute. (16) Sun spectrum H clear, dark beyond. . (17) Sun spectrum A clear. (18) Many lines in sun spectrum. ; 1 (19) Lines clear and numerous in the sun spectrum, extending from A to beyond H. (20) Filled bag with air. aha: : (21) Opened valve, gas expanding rapidly ; filled bags with air; saw outline of coast through a break in the clouds from N, of Yarmouth and to the West. (22) Opened valve. : _ (23) Sun shining brightly ; increase of 7 divisions in the actinometer scale in one minute, ' (24) The sun spectrum extended from A to far beyond H, and was very beautiful. _ (25) Packed up Regnault’s Hygrometer; opened valve ; gas expanding rapidly. (26) Line H in the spectrum clear and vivid; beautiful ring on black bulb of Hygrometer ; packed Bp ry and Wet aspirated. (27) The sun spectrum very vivid and yery long, H made up of fine lines; moving directly towards the Wash, - P 7s) Py 212 REPORT—1864. Tasie I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Fifteenth 2 Siphon Barometer. Dry and Wet Ther- Bz Time. Reading | gy, [Barometer "oeslevel. 38 sctreitty | them. | NO | al to 3z° Fahr, hy mm. s in. ° Pe ae re ° ° (1) 9 45 o4a.m TAOS ME Mocscee. | lll jascisks 14,224 g°0 1S Qh AOM OR ty, lee eek Ph esclens | ||P costa 14,190 9°3 ‘2 (2) 047 Ons, Hila Meee hl Ramee ae 9°5 8-6 (3) QuASe 1OnE, MGegC Se ||, sees 17°30 14,308 II's 110 (4) 949 ° ;, 17°518 SS Oem, By lak Boece 14,031 13°0 12°3 OVAOE SON sn seein NE sscbes fil) ceccss il teawepe 139 13°72 - 9 50 © 5, 2 Orie 0 ty aa P ocsoa 17°00 13,175 I4'l 13°5 (5) gs2) (OLE: pire ss (77 a) Simcoe 17°10 13,175 151 14'I : ” = oe S25 ae BIL Recess 14,459 7 ee a Te | eeces EN skeet 14,347 3 EZ (6) 9 56 Olfs; nepal Scocnad lh ise se 13,947 13°5 11'9 (7) : _ ap ” ae SSOOL En tel bp SEE (13,947) 3 es ” BEES IP aewwess Pall) -o.s-60 13,947 i 5 (8) gn 573001 ss T7818. | -oaeees 17°80 13,747 132 10°5 9 3 > LSPUTS» ~ |) conse eecaps 13,332 I4'1 I1‘o 9 Oo » 959 O° » 18°619 | aeeeee shade 12,642 170 14°5 TOL Os Ole 5, 18°719 meee 18°70 12,504. 17'2 1570 10 On! ‘55 18°919 caeat Volla-aweas = 12,225 17°5 150 TO) 19 30') 5) 19°069 wives He. acct 12,030 172 14°5 TOY Ze Ox) ss, 19°210 23°0 19°20 11,834 175, 3 TOMS ONES, atge se ghd (tWeareeeod ml coeterece (10,964) | 19°5 16°1 (9) TOs 43i3OWh ss TOTS: «ile seme : 20°20 10,534 21° 16°5 2 vote + ae Wass ie see 22°0 ae hs ZOH6Os fF oses60 20°65 10,084. 23°2 Ior (10) ae a 55 20°909 24°0 20°90 ees 2370 19°0 On; Pear | 2! seems of TP tosses PADS) |) ssexeeh oh race 5 TOL ROP... 5, ZARAOO | |! | wecnes eekeee be 25°2 20°5 TOR ONgolec, ZI"5O9 | sence 3 AP Sopot e 5 8,933 26:0 21°0 TOM ie 'Oln iy 21"909 tosese 21°90 8,439 26°5 21'0 ie z 30 a ey — age “ace aye. 27°0 21'I ” 059 seeeee | ceeeee ,62 29'0 24° (11) FORO) roe 22°809 mentee ante oh: Res 268 (12) ae Z 3 xe Bee 29°5 acnecs 5,613 34°5 30°9 ” 2 secces | ceeeee ,;0 52 O° 10 13 3° 5; 25°492 seeeee aeaees Ba se ait (138) a = 4 * : apnea 32°0 25°50 4,438 37'2 311 AF DEO: Wh seuss Bradt sushos ’ 2 xo) TO Sh SOs: 26°391 SAooe ©) Basie ne a eS TOO ow 26°689 9300!" |—-se088 ‘ 3,224 412 23°5 (14) FOUN7. ol 5 27°007 BEO™ mts tee 2,828 42°0 33°38 TO) IO PIO ss, 27°881 PoCEOOE We kerpack 2,039 47°0 37°5 (15) LO)L9.0o) »,; 27:98) 6 | ssies ; See 1,831 : 2 ee Ore 277070) || iectwer A\eaeses~ 1,881 roe 40°0 | I One, ras Te Peal Wie ice 1,717 48°0 40°5 (16) 1023/0 ,, 2B°A7D chidienees a oo 1,469 50°0 45°0 (17) TOUZOMMOH se ile Ute ee'es @. wal Senaeeiee s Beeeee ground. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. (1) Gun again heard. (2) Can see 50 miles of coast well. (3) Supposed to be about 10 miles from the mouth of the Wash; we cannot go higher, but must descend. (4) An increase of 8 divisions in the reading of the actinometer in one minute, in full rays of the sun. (5) An increase of 7 divisions in the reading of the actinometer in one minute, in full rays of the sun, and then of 8 divisions in one minute. (6) Wash obscured by second layer of clouds. _ (7) Noozone. (8) Ozone powder=8. (9) A railway seen. (10) Balloon collapsing. (11) Sun warm. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864, 2138 Balloon Ascent, from Wolverhampton, September 29, 1863. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. Gridiron : Bs nen ’ __ | Thermo- ; Dew. | Daniell’s. | Regnault’s. Bulb Ther- Diff. |Dew-point.| meter. Dry. | Wet. Diff. point. 3 i mometer. Dew-point. | Dew-point. ° ° ° o ° ° ° ° ° ° TSMR etieacivse’s |) scx ccal. sf (Il, neeonne 27°14 25327 42'0 39°2 E ee SOk cay a ecegen dl Peseene 27°14 2,327 42°0 39'0 (15) BATS Me 3S fil! Meese Ml Pieces “ 27°10 2,369 42°5 39°1 RaNO MOM oss aa|4 a Sean e Blea n 26°85 2,629 42°0 38°5 Be Or 3. N) » aus rachel eeares 26°72 25750 42°5 38°1 51s Ol, ees eee 26°60 2,870 42°0 37°5 519 °o tohetoply tex scoce 26°55 25920 41°5 37°0 REZOOON ss Ne” st asner- dle eesti 26°35 3,121 41'0 36°8 Gy Cie i fe RY Yaa) eet cerca | ee ee 26°20 3,275 40°7 36-2 (16) 5 2 0 59. | eevee oy Neal likeer ee SA 26°15 31323 40°5 361 DROZ MMO oes iil panko Dew-point. | Dew-point. ° ° ° ° ° ° 2°8 18'0 } Z Cie) eZee || b codvental) scsheapil Webco lwasepe) ||P snoce 20°0 3°5 18°1 37 19°5 2'8 2ATER | 1 seein) neveeoa Pe and sossewi i ceseatylas Gon thes 210 3°0 23°1 3°2 SRA ef 4 wiccstesch t74\ cesichnof4pl eae oss eel “4 neeaak 22'0 3°2 23°6 3°5 24°4 4°1 LATIF iesictttet| ceca Ph getaeet |. canntowe |i\lenceveulad SEL. 24°0 3°6 TM || PinnceeOeA i cinch cai edtecct | xeeces, |\iesceue 26'0 4°5 26°6 4°0 POOR Do Maeett sacl Mp Rot acce|, Seenser:|boedscck les 2c eee 26'0 4°0 26°6 40 27°3 4'0 Diese) ||| sexvee OM casiessall! peoccal | wwoneie || odnees 28'0 3°9 2705 [dew off. 3°8 Efepe ts | 7 ceawaeeedl) oeasomt| wars ccd | weee "|! Seesee 27°5 3°8 ORME! § ecacortll. vcsccnih veces | wena) | ancecap les bocks, 29°0 3°6 30°3 [dew off. MEER enw | | oceltaeWe nl! caslce\|! wadbloaa | cwarkns’ |) acovne lIMem oct 30°0 30) 29°9 3°7 30°6 3°9 2g 41 POM NroeRO EE! ccceicell Riess! | sewmacl | ococee inn Seeteee| Pivsceser | | asses qinletn si eOei sce) ||| omar Faccees safes 25°0 4:0 30°2 37 30°6 40 30°2, 41 29°6 eaaveE OE) cabaeeat ll Negtiaca || Weimeaies V1) aacues 260 3°5 30°8 3°5 32% 44 30°4. 35 32°5 32 33°7 SiS 34°2 2°8 35°7 Egy 35°3 3°4 Be Ge ll? », DAST5 | wnviene 24°60 5,401 34°2 315 2 33 SO» 24°397 39°09 | 24°40 5,610 332 31°5 2 34. 00%, ZATOBB ~ | secene | coven 5,924. 32°2 31'I 2 34.30.) 2BSSOM 0 | esc 23°90 6,144 31°5 30°5 ee aN 23°681 37°5 23°70 6,364 BT-O\ 1) tesa 2 365 0%; 237603) [mdy i eon ees 23°62 6,453 30°6 29'2 2 uOnse 2B STL Ceoneeale |.) usevione 6,516 402 © Ji eee one 2 37 30 4, BiG2S> hak bean eses> Ag eens 6,802 “Tt MARS 2-39 0 », 237232 |, seen 23°25 6,844 29RE Ni. tee 2 RO? (05; 23°283 | weeene | ceneens | cennee Bray ac eeaias 241 0 4; 23°493 | aeeeee 23°40 6,678 30°0 30°0 2 AE 20%,, 237433 BOD frsivserene 6,650 29°5 27% 243-0 4 23°385 © | sevens 4d sevens 6,692 29°2 Cay Be DZGAOO gy cr |e caw ave:

in, feet. + 3 (1) 310 op.m.] 21°296 ASO:5 eI tow kes 9,104. 24°5 212 (2) 3 LUO ins; 21295 REO (|| ts .aks . 9,105 23°0 19°5 3 2rO Bs; QIMNOT Me ||) \cccpecty |. vesenes 9,217 22°8 ; cents fe) PTEODG. 4) s,nhesh =| snes cle 9,327 21° ice. (3) Baten, PIRGOLES |) Sa ccevst|| uiescuse 95437 20°5 25'0 (4) Susi fs, 21001 28°0 sennce 9:437 20°5 25°0 Ba Gag ay, 20°951 Mole = | © ore 9,500 20°5 19°0 (5) 2 OTRO, - 20°951 28°0 20°95 9,500 20°5 17°5 3.1690 &,, 20°951 28°0 20°95 9,500 20°5 18°4 (6) Bit 700 ws, 20°921 Semi paekes 9,536 210 18°5 Sm 7msbies, 20°902 27° 20°90 9,560 21°0 18°7 (7) 2 SeeOre, reper, UAPeE eel AP ales ee es 9,586 210 18°5 (8) 2 gms O Re; DOM OR Pe | Paxson teal, aes¥ere 9,822 20°0 13°5 (9) ZEZONIO Nj, DEWMOZee |! Lacscvebeal, Lasokes 10,017 17°5 16°2 (10) 2 2IerO bs; ZODGLS Denes nauees 10,090 172 15'0 Bu2cE20u,, 20°355 26'0 20°35 10,090 17'2 15'0 (11) 32140 5, 2205 © | veces pei ase aeet 10,319 16°2 I4'1 RAD EMOWss OTIS Wee | nical lll pipe” eens 10,394 159 13°8 22260 aay ZOWOHPT | Bosses 20°10 10,469 15°5 13'I Wor). “op A 20°105 25°0 20°10 10,469 15'0 13°0 3 124490%,, ZOCOR | Tecedse | beeches 10,619 14°0 Ilo (12) 2, 26nNO te: T9:606).. j.ccee : saaats 11,016 13 Ill (13) 352 sOn,, 19:406,/) 4.. ane 19°40 11,278 12°I 9°4 242767 Ob, TOS OP eee cerns) ceases 11,429 115 9°2 3 27—G0ns, 19°307 Seas 19°30 11,533 11'l 972 (14) 3°28.40):,, TQZOQ UE iascucowe| taaos 11,664 1r'2 g'I 329 Oy NOP 5git) | Genego | Be codecs 11,664 LUE g‘0 (15) 329230) 5, TG TOOM |) ies. os De aee eee 11,708 Iro 8-7 (16) 3 29 45 » nie ou Co) 9 etre al Pee EBA 11,761 110 8°7 3 3073075, EQIOGONE HT Sade || Teesevs 9] b apace 11'2 8°5 S318 g01%; MO iOT 2A ince |) | eeavles 11,897 110 8°3 (17) B\ 92 tsps, TOMES el! lesecesingl lee dory 11,774 13°2 12'S (18) dusky Gli TOMTZ CI “Peatecsp ll «sores 11,528 3° 3475015, TOMES Sell) sascevatall tseccns 11,528 14°5 13'°8 (19) 3°25 On 5; 19°43 argcet JA Weesecegy 11,353 ; 3 35°39 » 15,6632) ee2.03 Ay 11,071 150 13° (20) 8 30" 307%, TO W/E Coal ease seal. , (se dae 11,007 ; (21) 2.136 401), MOPS estes Wal. Clas anes 10,879 337-25, EOGAS el eects nal Vises 10,751 160 14'0 437 3015, 19'964 Torres ee oe 10,697 16'0 152 3.45) 40r,; 207064 ceceee | ceeeee 10,561 162 15°8 ee he eo 20°365 eseeee 20°25 10,289 16'2 16°0 3.38 40>%, 20°316 20° 20°30 10,221 16'2 160 Bago NOns, ZOATO gh eeceon 20°40 10,085 16*2 160 Bu30).001 3; 20°4.66 20°0 20°45 10,017 162 16'0 | (22) Rugoraorss 20°536 20°0 20°50 9,921 16°5 16°3 | (1) Ozone =1. (2) Applied water to wet-bulb thermometer. (3) On a level with Harwich or Colchester. (4) Regnault failed ; misty. (5) Ozone =1; Iodine =1. (6) Ozone =1; Iodine paper =1. (7) Regnault’s Hygrometer will not act. (8) Cloudy. (9) Cold to sense; changed direction; wind 8.S.E. (10) Regnault difficult to work and to get dew deposited. (11) Over Newmarket. ) ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 AND 1864. 225 Balloon Ascent, from the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, January 12, 1864. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. a elicate Gridiron sell’ 25. | Blackened Th 4 4 Daniell’s. | Regnault’s. |: m Diff. |Dew-point. aes Dry. | Wet. | Diff. eo pe Latah Dew-point. | Dew-point. ; ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° a°4 + 24 piel (Go cei 8 Nec oec a! ieitc Cds | | (apor ree) ane Sere | | 24°5 3°5 tors |} | veaces 23°70 | 19°8 3°2 |—o'2 | | wneee ‘ cocees Hees rises Wecaedea Visas ie dott Rate antes. 20°5 5 |+ 86 Saree ||) ZOOS) 1972 Lo |b Rec he (Ra Es Me 20°5 30 Sid, | | edases 20°5 | 17'0 35) | 7e5 —2°'0 —2°0 20°5 =f a oo Re Gt all es 20°5 | 18°5 20 1 irae retail Reser 20°5 25 1°3 2°3 PO tt cedanre uimetesea te dwcras [i odes: (IM sceeeer aime ceesacann iil nese: 21'0 2°5 Te || teedee 7 210 | 18°5 2°5 iil sae sete Mt Mebane Fe 21'0 1°5 78 sesege | 20°O “1X85 2°5 gE iste Nees? Arlee ce UPA at 20°0 Egy, ht 6°4. 2°2 = 1) lal SPs igh ceaidu Iphenseds= | sderee nit wwaaten ice tence) | iia. seater 17°2 22 reat WA Peed Ml oxaaase | eoatess || coesenen Ik wcities POI iy ee seas by (8 2°I — 21 OPE dell rare) Meer Ae ner saml| Banat Sell ee Rn Ree 16°2 2°I — 24 2°4 — 54 TEZe | \ccdes atl faseialed Ml waisaisy th wraem am iccices eo] but oames a ded 2°0 — 2°5 REO mil) slaves Wevscavded-saeeaesl |B eccasan unease, «lence 150 30 —12'2 stapes, | sacce a], wes Seat erssdea|Puxscpaime eetecs, cll 4 Meagits 40 | 2'I — 52 2°7 ES 23 — 86 19 05 2X ay ee pers II'2 g'I a fa | Saco foXe) 2°I Bere! 2°3 — 74 | 2°3 Series | 27 —12°5 27 —12°7 o7 |+71 o'7 $3 m2 | + 4°5 20 — 14 o8 |+ go 04. 14°3 oz eam al daca | ecacas!, || oxen aawew I eceaece let sassae, y iimets cases 16°5 o'2 14°5 Seeman | ieadeaa. [Péwenetl hicecac Aa| Pepe catia ap eect al | Se 16°2 8. 9. 10. 1h. +. .12. 13. 14, 15. 16. Ae (12) Hoar-frost on ropes and all round the neck of the balloon in long fringes. (13) Earth nearly obscured. (14) Filled one air-bag ; Regnault failed again. (15) Fine snow under us. 16) Filled the second bag with air; can rise no higher. (17) Snow granular. tis} Repeated application of ether to Daniell’s Hygrometer was not followed by the usual deposition of dew on the blackened bulb. (19) Rabbits heavy and dull. (20) Snow fine and thin. (21) Dog whining. (22) Snow still granular. 1864. Q 226 REPORT—1864. Taste I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Seventeenth So Siphon Barometer. Dry and Wet Ther- gS ; ; Aneroid | Height above Ez Time. Reading Att, |Barometer,| sea-level. a3 ecdreea | Therm. | NO? ie | Sa to 32° Fahr. ant. in. a in feet. = re (1) 3 39 30 p.m. 20°836 SHOE wana. C 9,516 16°83 16°5 3 39 45 » 20°916 ZOOM on steels 9,408 17'2 17°0 349 Oy QUFOGO. Pane sved mill tasage 9:273 18'0 18'0 3 40 30 » DOOR at vavew 21°05 9,316 18°0 18:0 (2) 341 0 5 21215 *ikevs Lo|E2Ne20 9,199 18°5 18°3 Gh ysi eit p 21265 abeese; | (2a ms 95156 (3) 3 41 30 5 ps 1s a BP Ae 21°40 9,026 20°0 19°8 34145 » OTB MR 4 sweegee 21°55 8,939 210 20°5 3 42 3° »» DGTP Ole wesese 21°70 8,765 21'0 20°5 344 0 3; 21°444 Rtedas annie 8,904. 218 21°5 3 44 30 22°213 220: | cache 7:993 22°5 22° (4) 345 O35; 22°4.33 220: |” weeds 7:7 32 22°5 22°0 (5) 3°47 TO 4 22°723 | eeciconl 4 Died 1447 23°2 22°9 (6) 3.47 30 »» 22863 Paris Aull tenth as 7,226 24'0 24°0 3.47 45 » 22 HOG alles teens pill valaat 7,136 2.4°2 24° (7) 348 0 ,, 23°113 D2 |e cate 6,967 24°5 24°4 (8) 349 0 4 23°414 Spates balls tasks 6,640 25°2 25°1 (9) 3.49 3° 5, B47 TG,” A giRaugese | ily ness ts 6,313 26'0 25°83 ROLL a4; QRS TR Gb eeerses Pall evests 6,204 262 26°0 (10) 3 50 30 }, A02 \\itesetes fall asses 6,040 26°5 26°0 Bar Ot, BAOUS” dl ees ets oceone 55932 26°9 26°38 3 5x 30:4, DAAOT SNP cestees apie tddeds 5,824. 27°0 26'8 3 52 'O j; PUB UE Ut eccstet.| ceeets 5,670 27°6 2728 3 52 30 35 2.4°360 24°0 sivebe 5,619 28'1 27°9 353 0» DAScOQs alt Wasepes weocts 5,465 28°5 283 3 53 30 »» DATGSS | Assesses | | - ctacte 5,384. 29'1 28°38 (11) 354 04, 249687 |i sccexe || aeuabe 5,284 29°2 29°0 3 5A. 40 "4, DASO2 7) at vawsee, bil teense 5,142 30°3 30°3 Rebs mow, DhoROO ul | Sevawae delltlewecede 4,636 31°0 30°7 3.55 30 9 i739) eae Nh Saeed | |Pycou sc 4;739 31'2 EP aps 356 0}, 25°804 Q7TEO | Oaseke 4,121 356 15 ;, 5c COMET | bette rR ol ercted (4,183) 31°5 31°2 3 56 30 5, 25°703 BeyOaw| eects 45224. 32°2 30°8 BN57, O 25°951 2870 | sarees 3,973 32'5 320 4 153° 10%, Roc Ene 4 ncnocche w Meco e (3,703) 34°2 32'0 BI 5050; ZOROO ld Mesesss ql eteveess 3,433 360 (12) 4 *0) 10 4, ZO SO el eredsas Bi] sents 3,334 36°2 (13) 4. 0! 30: 5, 26°779 Pecreite al eateries es 35159 (14) Al wore, 2OISAD 2} Pcccees b [i ivecesds 3,091 97°24 gl CAsaae An Tees he, 26i98a) |) teceeesnh| (heecabe 25953 37°5 ALe DL. Sous, 27°122 29°5 | | censbs 2,821 38°0 Ain 2 VOwhs BIAAG -.|\hirassdancbel |e Mewone 2,451 38°5 38°5 Ale ZUR Os; 27°51 E G2 OF ev ccuttne 2,384 39°2 38°5 eG tee oye 27°81I 32°2 eeesee 2,096 39°8 39°2 Auea S00, 28'089 AG Coy | eccvas 1,878 40°8 40°0 (15) AUeAWOCRs 28°188 OMS A ater 4 1,807 41'0 40°5 AsseKiet Omyy 28586 weoecs | cease 1,415 40°O 39°0 4 eye HOnss 2S'OSgb | emer. | We oven 1,366 40°O 39°5 1. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. tf (1) I am redder than usual, and my eyes are suffused. Mr. Norris is reddish blue. (2) Note-book covered with snow. ‘The ether is not good. (3) Clouds below us; very dense cloud above us. : (4) Above cloud; the view is beautiful. Line of cloud due N. and 8. (5) Line of cloud remarkably well defined. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 AND 1864. 227 Balloon Ascent, from the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, J anuary 12, 1864. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. ; nn —- Daniell’s. | Regnault’s Blackened ermo- . : Dis. fpewepsing| metre | Drs. | Wet. | pir. | Dew | DNR!'® [Rem pul the ew-point. | Dew-point. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ; ° o°3 14°3 PS) (HO. doen jeasoec a cecnculel | paces it ieee acs | Buea a ‘. 16°8 o'2 71S seadal | Bo toes PEO: Oboe | LcceeL | icoacneta) ERE reed eae Re ad 17°2 fohfe) 2 ae ll (PRO Sad (Re Oa leans ol reo ore Rapen eit ]) Faces [pecans 18-2 oo MEO |e swatve: © iit) onde cisialfmonscag: [ensrute el Roeser IES ocak c fud) Ow 18:2 o'2 2 aly erating Get oan hace ner ||, | Se OT a 18°5 o2 18°4 o's ike ibe \Mawweeg |icsencss: It) sceses | inecutnn in nesenenl|| mune sey oP ee ce ot 21°O 05 Ae )|(t. esther | eteeeme tle tes cca. |P vaneeee |ppeeateeel | Mmemeeeeee tr ale Rie dil 210 03 19°6 O'5 TATE) TA) isda so eel lou ceed ERB Ocaae tel ened | Bee Sn see. ele resi 22°5 o°5 18°9 l 0°%3 201 Soeimigemn||'4ae pete) Ode ma Woeecnee|| Seema eapesy el at woasce 2.372 o'o 240 o"2 22°9 o'r 23°9 o'r 24:6 O72 24°8 o'2 25°I O'5 23°7 orl 2674 o'2 25°9 o'3 26°0 oz 27°% oz 25°F 3p Stpecr ictal ibe rel aie al Pareto | meh lee at Bae 2 23°5 0°%3 27°8 oz 28°4 oo G12 egal & redo Dyan NiseReanilMaisieomtid| Erecnstis, WW woceoe i bael eeteee 0 lhe see ase . 30°5 a3 29°9 87 or 30°38 os 3975 iA 27°7 o's 310 22 28°2, SR Mere 0 vee a LocBecc- | focsect (incceaes Weonte sult omes. ares 37°5 10. ie 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. (6) About entering cloud. (7) In cloud. j (8) Out of cloud. (9) Cannot tell where we are. (10) Very misty, 11) Ozone =1. (12) Applied water to the Wet-bulb; forest of pines. 13) Can see a circle of trees. (14) Villages scarce, 15) Cannot see two miles ahead. Q2 228 _ REPORT—1864. Taste I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Seventeenth ae Siphon Barometer. Dry and Wet Ther- S 2 3 recone ero | Zeaneroid Height above Ee Time. Reading Att. |Barometer,| ” sea-level. | 3 eeecied then, | “Now? Dry. Wet. to 32° Fahr. | hm =°s in. ° in. feet. o o 4 8 opm. DOUGRE laces!) | ctruseees 1,420 39°38 38°0 (1) AUCS aoe; DROS: ai\Pacssnc: | || saecan 5 1,324 40°0 39°5 AIO) SOU, DRAGS: Nieicarnas ti | measue 1,514 40°4. 39°38 (2) | 4 9205 | Aico 1G Oues 291977 | sseeee Pawg ground. 418 40°7 Meteorological Observations made in the Eighteenth (3) | Bessie saaeipaiets ctor icy. heat | eee eae coe Wa tee eee 46°2 43°1 3.20 Opm. ZO:204~ I!) < veanes BO-Miah | abewstens 47°0 44°2 Ae EO! os Z0°114 Seanies Teri ali © Aaeece 4670 42°5 Be oLeOurs AOWITAy Wi iwceee ZOMEQ ler eae 46°0 42°5 AWD ee Olss eee\ty- Nae eee 30°17 estan 45°7 ASELO LO; Si ebleewesc:. git aemesso tft wanes Pel ameraenr 45°5 4 9 3°» ZOB75 (- [tecasest sh penanes 320 45°5 42°0 4 9 40 » 29°604 45°5 | 29°65 557 44°8 41'S (4) 4 10 IO 4, Notas Te tpee wll) cca cee #4 [opreeee 867 42°0 38°7 4 II 30 4; Daa 7 Omi \eiastens sacha 1,219 4212 ON,5 28°658 EONS Wiecelas 1,400 40°8 37°2 4:13 20.) 28°'258 450 28°25 1,749 (5) 414 04, 27°379 |. ceeve. 28°00 2,161 37°38 361 (6) 4 14 30» 27°762 | eevee 27°73 2,170 36°5 35°5 (7) AaTS Ov ss BONS et Meseccc pel a cases 2,469 3670 35°2 (8) 416 0,, 27°245 42°5 27'25 2.7715, 2 \\ i ese eh eee (9) 4 16 30 ,, 26°817 APO} | lure ose 3,194 34°5 33°2 (10) 416 45 ;, 427. (0.53 2OGAG Wl secces 26°68 3,362 (11) 418 © ,, 26°490 acai’ 26°51 3,507 331 32'S (12) ABIQIMON,; 26°152 40°5 26°15 3,884, || | csauso Pipi asses (13) 419 3° » (14) AIZO me OD 5, REO a Milles ere MT tsiacah 4,260 33°0 32°I (15) 4 20 30 », 25°724 39°5 | 25°70 45404 342 32°2 422A 55 DSSS silt nose, oie eecess 4,373 36°0 341 (16) AazgunOly, BAB2 5. VT i\taavanaes 24°85 5,251 36'2 35°2 42550 |, PAP OO aisara.e 24°31 5,82 6"0 34°5 (17) ANORMRO UE, Me lumieengin || wsveaane dell.’ bectides (G;363))> fl) eeeermmaiwacoees 426° 0 ,, CHL Oe Sl AEA al Raber ce 6,500 34°2 a4"% (18) Ave OMAOms sku 2 ||wuamenaenes (Mill coscecm mt booker (6,627) (19) 4 27 30 », 23°378 390 | 23°40 6,882 38°5 37°2 (20) 428 ©,, DRrOOK telsecceetell| ieee 7,281 | 429 ” 225337 eae cceae 22°85 7,493 40°2 36°0 (21) 2°30. 0 |, ZI229) |e waseass 22°35 8,083 39°0 EEL 4532 40.),, QUSOS Viteeenns 21°92 8,594 35°6 30°5 A248 NO"), ae tame |) Pa eck 4 8,854 34-2 30°0 (22) 4 34 30 » ey ie ||| AS ee 21°51 9,090 34°5 29°1 1 2. 3 4. 5. 6 vf (1) Can scarcely see to read; very misty. (2) On the ground at Lakenheath Warren, near Brandon. Never saw the sun, and there was therefore no opportunity for using the actinometer, polariscope, or spectroscope. (3) The sky uniformly cloudy; no sun; objects misty in the distance ; wind S.E. (4) Very misty. (5) Entered a W.S.W. current. (6) Misty ; entering cloud. (7) Moving down the river. (8) Over the edge of the river on the Essex side. (9) In cloud. (10) Getting lighter. (11) The goat uneasy ; fog wetting, ent ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 AND 1864. Balloon Ascent, from the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, January 12, 1864, nee ere te fs © eee et rte A SS ek mometers (free). | . a Diff. Balloon Ascent, from the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, April 6, 1864. Dew-point. Gridiron Thermo- meter, Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. i Bs a Daniell’s. »s,| Blackened Dry. | Wet. | Dis, | Dew- int vecnmembed point. Dew. pom. Dew-puint, mometer. ° ‘ ° ° ° ° Ps S Lassa Sennen eee emer meee eee tee wee (12) Much lighter. 39°6 41°0 38°5 38°5 teense 418 (14) Two layers of cloud. (16) Can see a very large oval in the cloud, with balloon in the centre; n colours ; no break in the clouds. wee eee tee eee seeeee teens tee eee seeeee weet teeeee wee eee seeeee waeeee seeeee weeeee tenes seeeee eeeeee wenees wees (17) Gas clearer. senna tenes seeeee eens eeeeee fen eee tenes feeeee teeeee weeeee 35°9 (13) In mist; can see the sun’s outline, (15) Goat Jess uneasy. (19) Shadow of balloon on clouds; very fine; blue sky. (20) Beautiful sound heard when closing the valve. (21) Can feel wind pressing against us. (22) Sun warm. 0 prismatic (18) Immense halo upon the cloud, 230 REPORT—1864, Taste I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Eighteenth eS Siphon Barometer. Dry oa Wet Ther- 28 2 Aneroid | Height above ORS] Time, Reading Barometer, . SZ Att. ever,) sea-level. a3 ociweaaag | them. | 80-2 Prat to 32° Fahr. hve aos a in. a in. F feet. e Gi 435 Opm. COE CIT Ten | 9 option li "dee oe 9,378 34°5 272 42 Oc OuRs 2107 OF ol) 2. esen. 20°72 -| 10,155 35°2 27°5 4:46.40) 3; BOW 7 fli. caceee 20°20 10,805 36°0 27°8 (1) A Bija Olys THIQTO |e es coe 20°00 11,075 36°5 (2) 4 37 3° » 438° © 5, DOWIZO MN a ceccns Fo | oveeeees 10,987 39°0 29°2 7 ie iis ays ame COL ISPS] Ree OECC (105790) -— Peers errorates 439 °» 20°4.74. BADOE 20°50 10,470 43°0 33°38 pogo de devor Alls as isse's ie ss cnt (MT ai aac (90;300)\ ||Aycecaseae lua teas 4 39 IO », 20°673 A310 | eeaete 10,240 440704; DGS Ss WW ade cae 20°90 10,010 46'0 351 A AO WBOnss DOOuZae |) wena 21°00 9,895 46°1 35/0 (3) ASAI 50.5, 29290 ARSO. || Maseene 95513 46:2 351 A 42, $0.5, 21°967 BELO. Tp |"eeesesbes 8,642 46°83 37°1 4. AR 204, 25 GAs, |! iccwode- Milnavareens 7,783 Act a ae a AAA! SO), 22°744. 4670 | sesees 7,696 47°2 37°8 444+ ,, deren wees P| eeeeens (GAS Ce) We aD cceaccie Wf Mpease 4 44 30 5, 2A7GA. 1: Macceess 22°80 75524. 46:2, BRE A 405805, 22°564. Bek} ||| OR aes 7,869 46°0 365 4 46 30 ,, DRICTA: Nim scents. | eases 7;947 46'0 37°5 (4) AvATenOUL, DAC OAL. |i urascws ech: 7:553 46°70 37'S ATT, BO), 22°981 ABO Till Beeisee 7.410 462 385 448 oy 23°309 48:0 | 23°38 7,036 462 38°4 AZGO SOwnse |) Pies) a lneese ss sacaes’ |. > Poteose «0 |) Paneresten a dee eee (5) 4 50 30 5, EY. Tyo ite¥ | ee renee | rere 6,153 44°0 37°8 (6) AVEN LO™s, BASE tel -mesces geil) Roeewes 55536 43°8 38°3 7. Wal Fren ofe. ZAQGGW- ll Pisco 25°00 5,213 430 38°0 4 52 30 5, ZEISS Mal Besse seas. see {hs epee ARS) BO}. Lael baepeest disitete Sesese (33935) |) carseat eaies Assn Io b, DALZIRAS acl tsa tas Werass 3,821 41'0 380 (7) 4.54 30 ,, ZG654). | arenes: serese 3,405 i ae) 371 45445 » 26°773 see | neeeee 3,280 40°4 36°8 (8) AWE tO |, 26'953 ecarentalt eres 3,071 39°9 36°5 AYGOLEO 4,, DAG. eee Neate aa : 2,881 39° 36°0 AsO 20}, DBR? «Waseca: S| ianedes 2,691 39°5 3672 4 SO |, 28°250 ca «ee 1,836 39°38 37°! 4s: 7, QEIGZO: | was caus eccees 1,437 40°0 37°8 4 59 30 », 2B°980) 1 aI] sessaes seonee 1,163 40°6 38°1 5 9 OO, 29°049 evoees 29°10 1,069 455 38°6 5 Os, ZOOOGi) al) aes! aariees 1,024. 418 38°7 5 e270 |, 29°149 Seene st) tadlaaen ers 979 419 38°8 5 8 Onde, 29°268 Sasas o. 869 42°0 33°7 at aO) 1; 29°468 dane Pahestdedens 725 42°9 39°4 tho cn acon 29°628 eoaee deedee 545 43°5 39°9 Gaby Onk, 29.678 Secives LUM) Metaes 497 45°70 402 5 are, 29°748 aia i Itachi’ 416 45°38 (9) § eyo %.; 29°828 481 29°35 ground 47'0 42°2 1 2. 3 4, 5. 6. dr (1) A rent in the balloon; very high up. (2) Very warm. (3) Heard railway trains. (4) Valve opened. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 231 Balloon Ascent, from the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, April 6, 1864. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms, (aspirated). Hygrometers. : Gridiron Daniell R wettea is aniell’s. | Regnault’s, % Dif. [Dew-point:| ‘met’ | Dry. | Wet. | Dis, | Dew. eps Dew-point. | Dew-point. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° =) 7h 15°0 y lay A 152 3-2 15°5 34°O) 1 |\ epee paeee Wieser ll fsseac” ||| ccnave . ae 8 16° 3 -ace | eee 3 Be LD ais asg ap. dP esto siad Miteaes oe fh ost comer erl Le kate ci 1670 972 SA a | MA eal a SS Baveeh | -cocenMeeereteee eareene te ha esas 48°5 Reet Nob watt unoesk:.|' ceccss Mie 23°0 ’ 10°9 22°7 48°5 [no dew I'l 22°4 ee ol oe oper uaesices | ave sesnils ccemeeeitan Aaa 35°0 II'l 22°5 97 26'2 EoMml: dee cemaMiaaesch «|! cscs: Bo nsccaey Wigeeeberc ™ I oeacce 51a eee Ect eee ene ee, RM CMOS eo 52°0 9°4 262 22°7 EC coearen i). ostet dell ‘oenesaill basse | casos Pe vecte. 26°0 gt OEP caer |\ career set lie ca. co Mie Geves ie Ree Maen a Cee 530 9°5 Ce i aR aie ee Re Ss dete a (aR a ie 53°0 ae | oo ete es oe toe ne, ee oN 53°0 85 27°38 ley ZADHGy “En Tete haath ie ae ieee A Ss Ses canbe Ae elec ios A) Sl he 54°0 78 A UP gee Wb occ AM tag aath| | isaense Slice ores a eetoteos c 24°5 53°7 UE ace Lucan AE exe Sects: || occuem, E nueana 25°0 eT ed eters poke serie cee] OAM. 47°0 55 316 50 32°0 42 | 32°9 I eemea NG vietee 2 Wl ode ves. | pacene | ceccce | caccac 34/0 Seetee sean SN rdsu Nie aecus’ | caccx |) cacec, Ih cobain 35°70 30 34°2 Ae oa ~emaeors I saveas | stcdec Iho: «sb one1 «io seaane 410 39 32°2 3°6 32°2 34 32"0 31 31'9 33 Me spcete a” Sitaeereleeseds alt .sasecs [t cussen 34°0 27 33°6 22 34°9 2°5 34°9 29 34°9 31 34°8 31 35°0 33 34°6 355 35°2 36 35°5 3°3 36°83 4:3 36°8 AEOe Mle leoas Speeds |btecses VI setece 37°0 37°5 4376 ee eee BS ee he ee 2 EE ee 8. o: 10. idk 12. 13, 14. 15. 16. Ue: m Entered cloud and lost sight of sun. (6) Stratus clouds on our level. 7) We are over water. (8) Raining. (9) On the ground in Wilderness Park. REPORT— 1864. Tasre I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Nineteenth 2 Siphon Barometer. Dry and Wet Ther- og ‘ i 3 gS Time. Reading eae oral Bech sient ee corrected so eae |r Dry. Wet. Bs and reduced | Therm. 7 to 32° Fahr. h m s in o in. feet, ° ° (1) 6558\- Oep A iecaecs. wiles tonne 2920) 5) Meyedesnc 61°5 52°5 TOR Oty “Caley | accoke . ZOiZO NN a enens 61°38 Sly, fits. sae Con Soh pales sets: 29°25 317 6o0'0 510 7, SOLOW Ml MER Tess 8 ol), , omens 40°5 7 40°1 69 40°3 54 41°6 61 39°9 60 40°0 5°9 HOiZ 68 38°8 SRE ccc, “N). atee ne [oa new eed Ueveee jlineapaas: |r veaecdal= ecvvon ty on Santebc 53°0 65 38'9 65 7 ees a OEM bascic iste! peek | Seemraocs 38°5 5°9 39°90 Serer i esetee |) eBeceeR P| cceee-|-ttecee [rosrvee f ccceasali®. cessed te | O actebe 53°70 69 | 385 6°5 39°5 69 39°0 Caachi || oalnoadeie| Greaves |atevsee || scoaarilei loebecel. Bhs Puspnewe 55°5 SECs tparsencet tll SSewaenne) | Uaeseer} unsere \|~eoonts | casesetie ‘lessees tr | lO leetdas 56°0 72 39°6 6°38 39°2 673 38°8 6'0 38°83 57 38'9 6'0 37°38 8s 37°5 47 38°3 5 6: TS os eens edesiamneiMeexeda ih surews, | cecaee ade 35°0 4°6 S7Ay |) (terB ee | d.5% Savage t|hwonwse's|) ccbesalp? cosets ata| Ste ebeos 47°5 4°3 377. 4°9 36°5 2) NES 0 Sil Ie al a a See ee wail oe tiene Boddne eee 46°3 4°5 Se VS os a Ee Be 4 | ace ep eee] (meee oly a Me 37°5 44 38°4 31 40°9 Zr 40°9 2°2 el aa baa tc scwasauilraveiee (li%dacees! || csnetes |! easacee 40°0-+ 39 39'8 | ee a ee 8. 9. 10. 1 2: 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 234: REPORT—1864. | Taste I.—Meteorological Observations in the Nineteeth 2 Siphon Barometer, Dry and Wet Ther- $3 we i : Z = fees meats Pca Height above 3 e conrectiet i ae, No.8.) Se Dry. Wet. sl and reduce: : to 32° Fahr. h m 8 in. Q in. feet. = = t 726 opm, Seer “re 26°L7 35459 48:2 44°2 ; Wu2o. 40 ae. =cd5ee |} “SsAdes 26°15 3,463 48°5 44°1 7/29. 40 as, econ, yl it iesress 26°06 3,536 47°0 402 (1) 728 Om, “Soon || aeosoeea 26°05 3,543 47°1 4I'l 7H 2) Oris, ose teense 26°05 35543 47°0 410 (2) 730: ©%1,; ace eb | aoe 26°05 33543 46°0 40°5 : (3) Fao Ge A6, es m 26°13 3.517 | 46'0 40°5 Igo iO) Ls, edeinas prosies ol] hort aee (33445) ll ) poeta eee 7 32 30 4, = . 26°27 3.409 479 418 F Be a ee ee eee ae 26°35 3349 | 482 43°70 7, 83S WO Sal. “oesess! aM senses 26°70 3,097 49°0 44°2 J. SAS Be, vse alcs saeco etecee 26°37 2,755 51°2 4570" } he CR NS ae senvas 26°90 2,680 51x 44°5 ; 7-260 ©: bs, seeon eee 27°05 2,527 Ce ee) 44°38 7 3030 ws; Beene UP asises 27°05 2,527 srr 45°5 : (4) of P27 PRO tes da lt yMecesess . Alt cepease 26°94, 2,740 50°5 4570 7.38 1D. js, secaee ae 26'90 2,782 50°2 45°0 ; 7.20510: i, peice answes > |) dite swan (2,790) ease WE seeds j (5) 7. BO ~ a0 tsp, A toe ees eae 26°35 2,834 49°5 44°2 a 7 136,80); . ttteee 26°33 2,854. 50°2 45'0 2 Fi AOINEO Vass agenwe eneses 26°35 2,834. 510 451 ; 7 MAIO Nes, al) secwes ove 26°37 2,812 51°8 45°7 ' FAR. 1 th, cag aE vos sets 26°94, 2,740 51°8 45°8 } MAA) Te) ee aS} aliuaases. |S eheecase © Aueaaeeees (2,683) 52°0 46°0 ) vag MOM as) secs ES) Babee 27°05 2,625 5I'9 460 2 7,40 OCS shade LAIR consume Pet aaaeack (25550) |) Go2tah My See. { si agi Crinte el te 27°20 2,4.70 52°0 46x ; 7) A030: i535 sPeasa ikl} \eenees ii -asesscmco lly. peewdeain iti eereeel GME neRE. DEAT §S0 15; seniaay ableton sane 26°95 2,629 510 45°5 ; TASTE OML ss oil heeietane ao iL weesdac 26°89 2,689 51'0 45°0 7 49° © _,, erecee RII Mester 26°83 2,740 5re 45°2 7 AGhQON Sh fal eaepiee ie Maas nase 26°75 2,823 518 4570 CP Lyon tetas Adkoboe pl Asean 26°65 2,927 5i°5 46-0 O30. | 5, Aros ieee Weayoeesoe 26°56 3,017 510 462 ge BO “cee ia lemocno sa 26°55 33027 © |) -adeemer tlaneueene eS ZemOUs,) cu li= Mctses BP if Wasasieee 26°53 3,053 49°2 43°0 BASES Way oe |e< sgeqne --? |! necaee 26°83 2,753 49°0 43°4 IGAEMO: 1 \5, Wea cen'veurill. eaten: 26°95 2,613 49°0 440 wi Bae Or 5, Pacem Ul poete ata 27°20 2,363 50°5 46°0 TESS BO! 5, | spess Beeb |lmeatncae 27°40 2,003 517 47°6 FTaSOruOiT 5, Fowee Leif” eeanee 27°65 1,923 53°0 50°0 een 10. \,, otek eu P Raeeee 27°77 1,807 53°2 50°0 SRMGMROM sy 2h.” seuegen ds L juunparts 27°85 1,726 53°5 50°0 3 apart 35 Pies! Se eaecre 28°35 1,238 53°5 50°0 m4 0 »y mppemey. Cub slates 29°49 53°3 491 SMMC MEIy Wh! vasesas™ cn .etatec 29°50 } oer 54°0 50°0 a {lp 2. 3. 4. 5. 6, We (1) Mist in horizon all round. (2) Going towards Erith, ti Erith Church nearly under us. 4) Over the river bank at 74 86™ 515. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 AND 1864. 235 Balloon Ascent, from the Crystal Palace, Sydenham, June 13, 1864. mometers (free). Diff. 6°0 An UN WAL DD DRM NU QN QN on v CBE ENS a Oy O00 FO PW weit Ne} PW Qin Our OW OM ARMAND onN ane | hee be ORPUMD OHM @ Dew-point. Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. Phen: D Daniell’s. | Regnault’s. meter, Dry. | Wet. | Diff. poine Dew-point. | Dew-point. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° pe CLC cry Ree fm lerer rin icone Segcc ac 3570 caved gilicoducqmirccssde U stcmee'assgess [it amente|) esseae f 59°5 (2) SUT Ome Be Weoneeea se be etesvest | sceae cel (eaters 65°8 58°9 GO; COME Sante eatisc Coie. sashes ZOQ°Soa| encase 66°0 60°0 Sane Ite caine.) bil] (serees A aloes 66°5 59°5 (3) 7 ROiessien Peston — atest ere eee dpstite woes ae TRO Mss) Ul ersencasocalit gaeswes 29°5 511 570 58°0 (4) OCTS LO te, a Wee manmeS oc e, 29°28 772 63°2 571 ORES 620. Tey iY emcee. UID Peenisne 29'0I 1,022 (5) GTS SO ans, fail ssness sajo% 28°95 1,082 62°1 56°1 i car eects ali enrees: Bel ass =e he : ae 55°5 LO} | Mgy a Ml) — ecrans | MIN sees 28°5 1,462 O° 5570 (8) G19 -4O sy. Gl | cewees GPa) aeeesor hl tee ne~ (15582) ||) C90)" al) See (9) 619 45 » (10) G20) FOliss sali ecbese ToMId Seances 28°23 1,702 582 54°1 O20 AO ay Me CAsapees. Al "acre - 28"o1 2,006 582 54°1 GEO ers oN Mce sess, oil ta teats 27°91 2,106 58°2 54°0 G2 TAO) is, A) oeeckaes Secere 27°84 2,236 58'2 531 3 4 In, Uy, caeeses) iho tessess 27°36 2,696 5505 52°0 220) a3, (13) GI2q SOlmeses dl dy seecen | al eat 27°27 2,786 54°5 51°0 (14) OPZALITO May Ht aheceren pelt) fectens 26°96 3,086 54°0 510 8 3 ZA GO) iesy| 92 ai, ceesees) = fh Teenes 26°81 teas 54°0° a 2h Oar Ay etree cs alt Meee enn iL ite? meester 35375 53°0 50° (17) G26 ROG ale « Senece (Pall Seseees 26°34, 3,696 52°0°° |.) Goto 620130 oN; GTR ONET As ietress saa, cote 26°11 3,978 52°5 50°2 GyZ7 SAO ,, | allt lateees cuales ees = 26:05 4,038 52°2 50°2 O25) 00 lge;.. th terete Nal Lieeseee 26°01 4,068 517 50°2 Orolo Mae Vato Reedee. up as canes 25°97 4,082 512 49°7 GAZ OEFO +8 shal Miciumecrensl.4 sally a ecaete 25°95 4,102 51°2 49°7 193 A ZOULO Ws, winiiateteceses. Lelt ps scess 25°95 4,102 5x2 49°2 BOUEO We. aoa mc sckwee | bh: (ae se 25°93 4,122 512 49°5 ORAGEGO Us ll cuwetpes Nit -fesciins 25°97 4,082 512 49°5 (20) Boar eON ts, c Nl ul erearat Il ese seus 26°04 4,006 512 49°2 Bear erOutss Walk eeckeceh || ares nese 26°19 3,841 5x2 49°2 GaSaemOge., ial! pibecesce ole maces 26°77 3,242 52'0 50°0 } (Te Sv So AS links 5 SSS | Beco Soca 26°81 3,202 52°2 50°5 {59} . ARO pies tir! | ecents! Mille exes pth sp 52°8 50°! 22 BaIh, Wey | leeheer ee ih | sremee 2774 2,840 6 36 o % Pacdod wen doods 27°26 2,740 53°5 51:2 (GCS. apy |eeeensscastee |Paeotooh 27°26 2,740 53°5 51°5 ; GAFOMOLIS) |? Re ceeaslk alam hccee Imeccwre (2,740) (23) Goa 10. dee, I Patera cele eavene 27°26 2,740 54°0 52°0 al 2. 3. 4, 5. 6. ¥ (1) In Mr. Webster’s garden, wind W. (2) In Mr. Webster’s garden, wind W.S.W.; cloudy. (3) Left the earth. (4) Passing over Derby. (5) Moving.due E.; cloudy sky. Over the railway. (6) Going towards Mansfield. (7) Over the Derwent; misty all round. ) Over meadows. ) The car has turned half round since leaving the earth; can see people as specs. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. Balloon Ascent, from Derby, June 20, 1864. mometers (free), Gridiron ‘ Thermo- Diff. |Dew-point.| meter. ° ° ° mea 50 ee a | eres 69 ee. Wi wsanae 6:0 55°r 7° 53°9 5"0 55°9 7° 52°3 61 51'9 6'0 50°9 54 50°8 5°5 5072. : : 10, (16) Entering cloud. muddy looking; warm. over the river. (22) Gas bright. SS Dry and Wet Therm. (aspirated.) Dry. teeeee seeeee (19) Heard a railway train. (20) At 65 31™ 30° at 3938 feet. Mr. Goodchild’s pulsations were 90 in a minute; Mr. Allport’s the same; Master Glaisher’s 86; Mr. Jackson’s and Mr. Coxwell’s 94; Mr. Glaisher’s 96; Mr. Knight’s 110; and Mr. Bourne’s 112. Over Ilkeston, or about 10 miles from Derby; saw ten furnaces, &c. ; counted ten bridges 11. Wet. weeeee seeeee teeeee seenee Diff. seeeae teens 12. 13. 237 Hygrometers. Delicate Dew- Daniell’s. | Regnault’s. ira ced Mai Dew-point. | Dew-point. mone ° ° ° ° esteatily Siete 45°0 aessos 1h. sichacsiy lh pncenmate 66'0 sascoe | coneee 48'1 59°0 eesseasll| aaepeso ety separ « 58:2 ROCCE | Magic hl lp Reee cor 58°3 Pree © leccrore 48°3 casase ie 480 Prec eer ° 480 14, 15. 16. Lf (15) Clouds around us; gas issuing from the neck of the balloon; earth misty. (17) In a white cloud; fog; can see nothing; clouds blacker above than below; gas (18) Can hear watch ticking plainly. (21) Gas clear; heard shouting ; can see men, sheep, &c. (23) Can see Nottingham. 238 REPORT—1864. Taste I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Twentieth 2 Siphon Barometer. Dry and Wet Ther- FS 2 . Readin Aneroid Height above aS Time. a a _ Att, _|Barometer,| sea-level. 2 £ paasedated Therm. a oe og to 32° Fahr. hod as in ° in. feet. ° ° 6 37 3op.m mmesrecpe Tt neeses 27°26 25740 54°0 52°1 G28 Ao Aue ens: “real | saotadet 27°18 2,820 53°9 512 6°30 OM TtulNy teeeiena? Si[t tvesnas 27°II 2,890 54°0 52"0 Gr 20 maoisyetlterbedeseds:. f)||Vicesess 27°06 2,940 54°0 51°7 (1) Gi Ao) TO. 5; aR ae Pe eaceee 27°01 2,990 53°9 515 OPAC ROR ye | levees Ul) was var 27°O1 2,990 54°0 51°5 (2) 64x Yo}; 5 Goeent” lie aeons 26°95 3,050 54°0 51°5 Gi Os! Peale ceeeses | MIN cee. 26°88 3,120 54°0 515 (3) Gi 4g ano ish) cdlamidigtnosts a4 MN pesjoas oe 26°78 3,237 54°0 51°5 (4) G44) Ose tau) busavene: Walle «espe 26°47 3,549 53°5 52°0 (5) Gras Olin: mal aoatass Salle cesesise 26°36 3,669 53°0 50°5 (6) 6 45 Io 5, OPGR SOs OW) Sedeven | I] tonnes 26°27 3,758 52°2 49°5 646 V01),, tae cove ke eaeaies 26°26 3,768 51" 50°0 (iy 6 46 30 ,, OTAT EO) By Mewes... oilsvesssee 26°27 35759 51°5 50°0 (8) Oi aRo, oy ene cacete oO Wi cesaest || iM eemes (3,886) GRAB aor, Viiylinetees-* oS (biveenens 26°02 4,013 50°7 49°8 BAG aso bys he a iteaesss oveeee 25°91 4,123 50°2 49°2 RAG Pover pene | cere cocomen | apconcce 25°81 4,230 50°0 49°2 Op rey alo Smee Petey Seay RA 25°78 4,271 49°2 49°2 OIEONIO yt i ekeese 17 We amens ° 25°78 4,271 49°2 49°2 (9) Grew O ay?) os ederts: oat Meosnas 25°78 4,271 49°2 49°2 (10) CORSE Toln }yifurinn | ee Sace eaeae dial cpaeetes (4j276). [ire Skee Glee Oley Soe | eSagase 25°77 4,280 49°5 49°0 6 5230) |, Pret litte cory et irae os (4s25 5) i etaee CRP te, Sle | wR Rader ||\roscgee 25°81 45230 49°5 48°2 GREG 30 ayy EN eetecenl Ea[y ss este 25°81 4,230 49°5 48°1 11) G Garo) UT gerne eS eecees 25°86 4,180 49°5 481 (12) GRA aGiles yall comatenss) lb inecescs 25°91 4,130 49°2 48°1 6 54.45 5» | eters + | 25°91 4,130 49°3 48°1 O23 COREE NOS Falter lee ler SOP MUR! scoters 26°07 4,080 49°5 48°1 14) GURGIIS, 50" l oMadeste . 26°56 3,390 512 49°5 (15) 6 56 30 » (16) Guay Ons, eee a) hanecto 26°68 3,360 51°5 50°0 ORET RO Ike eGtaecrs Ol ycesea 26°84 3,187 52°0 51°5 6us8 Nos, Pevee ee Mel cases 27°27 2,696 57°5 53°2 GUE NO. wey St katerts Shh “so oscee 27°28 2,688 58:0 54°8 TO COP Loli Averagemmnhl) nes are 27°56 2,493 58°0 5570 itt AOMsse Ga Aueetrecete AI “ocean. 28°01 2,088 59°3 54°8 Cf CREA FIL EN| eeret cece: Gs peodrs: 28°78 1,388 60°4 56:2 7 aia te Oulsy dee iil ce atas been DARE 28°96 1,061 61°8 57°5 (17) 7.16) TOs, 7 28 0%, wtease aaeves 29°58 4 64°6 58°5 PEAOwO ies anal Masta Gee 1 een ees BOTS MT veces 64°0 58'2 1 2. 3 4; 5. 6 7. (1) Gas clear. (2) Nottingham race-course and Burford seen. Gas coming out fast from the neck of the balloon. Nottingham appeared covered with smoke ; moving towards Sherwood Forest. (3) Over railway. (4) Mist below ; can see the earth clearly. (5) Black mist below. (6) Lost sight of the earth on entering cloud; clouds apparently blacker below than above; gas getting cloudy. (7) Can hear sounds. (8) Gas much cloudier; lighter; gas coming out of the neck of the balloon; light all round ; gas thick. (9) Heard a gun ; still in cloud. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 239 Balloon Ascent, from Derby, June 20, 1864. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. = ean ———______—_—__——_ | Deli pegs oo Daniell’s. | Regnault’s. Blackened Diff. |Dew-point.| qneter. | Dry. | Wet. | Diff ion geet ae Dew-point. | Dew-point. s ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 1'9 50°2 2°7 ABOGe |) ckees hhh was etell emcvca Ui wise seul |b cocest iI. -estass 48°0 2'0 50°0 2°3 49°5 2°4. 49°r 2°5 49°1 2°5 -49°1 2°5 491 2°5 | 4gtt 1°5 bers) 2°5 48°0 27 46°7 r'o 49°0 1°5 48°5 o'9 48°38 I'o 43°1 o's 48°3 o’o / Go emae NS Se ce REESE, eee coool | Onee ee cry cc 49'0 oye) 49°2 oo 49°2 0°5 48°5 eoced | eooce WURLEM Sete cema |. csdabe ll) ‘ccesde Ieedeee: [i wascte™ th’ setece 47°5 13 46°8 14 46°6 I"4 46°6 rl 46°38 1°2 46°83 14 46°6 I'7 ereaeee |b ieeearehe|| aetecat ices sed il) @XePSe tl acna¥eMp> \ecdecs 47°0 : : 1°5 48°5 : 0's 510 43 49°3 72 52°0 3°0 52°3 45 | 510 42 52°6 43 53°9 61 53°4 58 53'9 8. 10. 11. 12. 13. 1A. 15. 16. 17. (10) The number of pulsations per minute were as follows:—Mr. Coxwell, 94; Mr. Bourne, 98; Mr. Goodchild, 86; Mr. Allport, 84; Mr. Jackson, 96; Mr. Knight, 90. (11) Valve opened ; slight wind against the face. (12) Can hear a church-¢lock striking ; clouds darker. (13) Can see the earth ; over fields. ‘ , (14) Earth clear; can see the edges of the clouds; cannot see péople. (15) Can see people; over a park; going over Southwell. -(16) Over Nottingham and Lincoln Railway ; see sun faintly. (17) On the ground at Nowell Woodhouse, about 9 miles from Newark. 240 REPORT—1864. Tasiz I,—Meteorological Observations made in the Twenty-first 3s Siphon Barometer. Dry and Wet Ther- gs Aneroid ; £2 | mime, | Rewtng | gu, [pager Meter 25 Sees iiare, [ene po. | wee to 32° Fahr. h mcs in ° in. feet. 5 A (1) ONZE OMpP Me | iwewet |} ieee 29°75 6371 55°5 GESGae Os Milisrmiesese. CO crete 29°75 ground 64:0 56 + GES ZEON yee gmesbewen fie ners 29°75 63°0 54° 6 SEP Doles a eaeaemee 5H tees 29°67 432 61 5 52'0 (2) Gi SAT GOr sy Sf reeweee. = |) reeees 29°64 484 620 ja" 6 34 45 a9) ah Siewrares | tauceceses 29°61 514 60°! 51 2 Gys5esO hs fl vecnees fbr erat 29°51 610 6o°1 51°3 6 35 BOriss Oe eab Matepees Sp reese 29°38 719 59°5 5r2 (3) 6 Bf SOiSsy | ES a mrad ass) aU ag icaceee 29°21 865 58°5 50°2 (4) 6 38 OTe Wd eeepc) VIN pieces 29°08 970° 58 ° 50°0 (5) 6 38 SO rca i Peretsves © Ud oincdve 28°98 1,054 57 8 5070 6 39 ON Th cxivensesep, [Ly useaese 28°88 1,138 G72 49 5 GiAOTO Hy FA Wig storss 7 hs eee 28°81 1,188 57°2 s50°0 6 42 OF Geer eat |) ght eesres 28°56 1,493 56 8 500 6 B24 sayy itd seers eos el eee 29°55 1,497 56°5 50°0 (6) 6 a iss Uh wisoncus MO! Mea iecss 28°55 1,497 56 2 49 8 DARKO lye Til Adzenese Sf veccee 29°18 891 57°0 51°0 (7) GAS Ob me Aaceses [i ueseses 29°24 $40 57°2 515 (8) 6 48 COR OAS a a hocrome fe) hEPCoCG 29°35 750 57 8 51°9 eee ee 29°36 wag) | tree eae 6 49 cS OM ie ge cio it yee a) ee COOUUE 29°40 FLT pee Is tine 6 BOAO’ tgp) cwdeead, |p posers 29°38 714 58'0 51°5 (9) 6 AGS TS ff) veessica 7}. Sees 29°37 rie 57 4 ; 512 (10) 6 50°04, | ceceee = | seeree 29°24 841 57°5 50°9 (11) 6 P| 2s: 2 a a Ea (PPC 29°17 9°3 6 Bee SO! iy oi) ce eeeee. es, Hei tence (980) 57°2 50°5 12) 6 BEF AO tert ral i Mardsde £F Te amedsns 29°05 1,019 57°0 50°3 (13) 6 Be Oey TAA Uy eides a fn wr sewes 28 74 1,309 56 2 50°0 (14) 6 BAAD hag bo hewesoe [ye ssedee 28 45 1,589 55°5 48 9 BuSAGAG 1.) “sfamimececse.! ppb eewee 28°41 1,621 ee 48°9 (15) BesG OT, 3 Uimacerda. © tlibmecond 28°38 1,660 5572 48-2 GEO 40% © egence Lil sences 28°37 1,670 54°9 48'2 (Go ofl Pe eal BC Cy eee fey 28°81 1,188 5570 49°2 oe na hae i poveppese ef) vendss 29°06 950 55° 49°2 Do - a GO! bay 4.5 lM apniepogen LI) ae areee 28°98 1,004. 56°0 49°5 (16) hi CEO. ay A a Peleiadn * |e igesasele on) elecpapes 27°75 2,295 51°5 460 Te SOME Me nr ceesoe rn aesissic's 27°41 2,603 50°5 45°. Fie $3. XSi: Tee | lly ite ocecar ele| MeaeanoeeD 27°36 2,648 49°5 45°0 ORO ae aie remsicns's 1). acesa's 27°08 2,941 49 45°0 ESOL eel at sarees Wy bevees 27°CO 3,021 49°2 45°72 spite ay Fame NW sateccs | (Me an 26°91 3,111 49°5 45°2 RTOS O: Basi laexiic » sszqnnu aur fiauesios 26°81 3,202 49°5 4571 A RLOMAK Ese Wea iina: 2c esitcwe Pa ie wleatla 6 26°56 35454 48°4 43°5 FADE IG 8s, Gcdseee. pe) OP astoase 26°27 3,767 469 43°0 FsLEB2 ‘95 adacece elit Hester 26°17 3,831 46°5 42° TAT LOVES. Abita vancdectous ulller acess 26°11 3,871 46°2 42°71 T'S as Os (ecso {es Reacece 26°01 3,965 45°9 42°1 cr eigs Oh" ay all Besse. aa Meannnce 25°96 4,017 45°5 42°1 Ete oyd Pee al UR Ne lie Ipmene 25°88 4,086 44-2 4l‘t nme O's! Swi ircmseessse'e fi amiciies 25°91 4,131 43°71 40°5 oN iG] RSD Bia. ||) a Adar eion Rell conadge 25°91 4,131 43°0 40°0 (2) ied SOF, Me | astshs's, ) Stages oss 26°00 4,040 43°0 40'S eS ES OM) (ll besasass | “V(tblawsus ¢ 26°06 3,985 431 40°5 VLOME OL, aie || kessies. hen cance: 26°11 3,845 soteeeh Ut crt TE Qin Os Br horcte Mall Erne 26°25 39795 43°1 40°5 eeaecesae ss seeeee qadece 26°26 39790 43°9 410 TRACOM OM Na Os eesseet Reale ana nar 26°37 3,680 44°0 42°0 TROORCOt, OP i ccarses en aaaaie 26°41 3,640 44°! 41'9 Sree. a | gptanese tk lladlanelnss 26°41 3,640 44°2 42°1 (3) ohne Ce aye all ieeocecce pe || 2 aecdeee 26°46 3,590 27 OWN sy agile c's gnaeaeees lt ehmetians 26°51 3,511 44°38 42°T (4) fea EW ESAS ol IPE t Boe | occ 26°54 3487 44°5 431 T2228 O! h sy ot OGaae eel bracee 26°57 3,453 43°2 42°1 eee Tote Wie al eerc-one pe ||" beoase 26°57 3,453 45°2 42°5 Gh Ce, (ON Bai © A\ |e ine Gtaaee 9} eeesage 26°61 3,423 45°9 430 (5) CCSD of4 era d Lk oe Cat ae (actrees 26°71 3,322 AW Rel extort (6) Gp Sto” Sa lek Se Soepie a | Cae 26°73 3,302 472 44°5 Wp 77h Mole “Fee aol bast Seoome wal Merreorce 26°76 3,277 47°5 45°0 Of ek atom ‘ope PE S-Geese bel)! Conor 26°85 3,187 47°5 44°1 (7) TAZ OMNOMES Acide WWegeaanas 26°86 3,197 47 44'2 7.30mi Onn, Sececn) “|itiesess . 26°90 3,119 47°5 43°7 TRO Ss) || Vitedanes 2 —|\Weewesces 26°81 3,209 47°2 421 (8) MM OVEL Wad lw ie dsatuamsaeltuecosaes 26°61 3,415 47°0 42°2 F TUS8 BOVE ss Sai hielincducsenat ell ltepascase 26°48 3,527 47°0 42°2 (9) 7 BALCONY | acassee © Miigskwaee 26°44 3,561 46°5 421 (10) TESA Ot as') || laedicce) alboleasncee | Petes (3,734) (11) WESRESON «Lol ca etetam Mbera ages 26-0 3907 43° 413 TSS SOURS. 9 Ds wirdaces di mises ere 25°86 4,191 42°8 41°5 ice ens ae) ns mea Ramee o [tee gee 25°78 4270 | 43°0 42°0 (18) SES (he See sal) h. focsacds 9. | moddiene 25°61 4,467 43°0 42°0 Fag8) "0! 5, acco 25°41 4,661 43°7 41°5 ESD OMe mile asses phdll eean sss 25°36 4,716 43°0 413 ds Be? 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. (1) Near New Bromley. (2) Golden tinge over water. (3) Sun again seen. (4) Thirty vibrations of horizontal magnet was observed in 49:1 seconds. (5) Sun shining on Blackened Bulb Thermometer. (6) Can see Farningham; passing Madamscourt Hill. (7) Thirty vibrations of horizontal magnet was observed in 49 seconds. 7=s eR) ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. Balloon Ascent, from the Crystal Palace, June 27, 1864. 243 mometers (free). Diff. |Dew-point. 61 39°9 5°5 412 5°4 40°3 4°5 40°2 4°6 40°! 4:0 40°9 43 40°6 44 40°4 3°9 331 3°9 38°6 4°4 37°1 41 374 3°8 377 3°4 38'2 31 37°5 2°6 37°4 370 36°4 2°5 37°4 26 374 2°6 37°4 2°9 37°6 2°0 39°6 22 39°3 21 39°6 27 38°8 14 413 er 40°8 27 39°4 2°9 39°7 27 415 2°5 42°2 3°4 42°4 3°6 40°2 38 39°4 51 36°4 48 36°8 48 36°8 44 3f°2 Gridiron Thermo- meter. Dry. | Wet. ° ° ° 10. 11. 12, Diff. 13. Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Dew- point, seeeee seeeee 14. Hygrometers. —_—____________| Delicate Daniell’s. Dew-point. 15. Regnault’s, Dew-point. 3912 16, (8) Thirty vibrations of horizontal magnet was observed in 48-9 seconds. (10) Crossing Sevenoaks line. (9) Sevenoaks on our level. 11) Can see Knoll House. 12) Ozone by paper was coloured to 2, that by powder 3. (13) Thirty vibrations of horizontal magnet was observed in 49:2 seconds. RQ Blackened Bulb Ther- mometer. 4570 42'0 45°0 17. 244. References to Notes REPORT—1864. Taste I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Twenty-first Time. 0000 CO COD OOOO OO OO KONI NI SSSISISEN NNN SIN NNN NNN NNN NNN NNN in w CN AnhWW DH HO ° Up Siphon Barometer. Reading corrected at and reduced rahe to 32° Fahr. in. ° apamen pol) aaewas! 2. 3. Aneroid Barometer, No. 2. in. 25°28 25°18 25°18 25°18 25°26 25°28 25°36 25°38 25°45 25145 25°38 25°36 25°45 2555 Dry and Wet Ther- Height above sea-level. Dry Wet. feet. - a a 4,796 4471 40°2 4,898 42°9 412 4,898 42°38 410 4,898 42°2 40°5 4,816 419 39°8 4,796 | 42-2 39°9 5 ae 41'9 38°5 4,699 412 38°5 4,597 41-2 38°5 45597 40°2 37°8 4,699 40'2 378 4,692 40°2 37°38 4,597 40°9 382 4,492 40°9 38°2 4,471 410 38-2 4,471 41°0 38-2 45357 41"0 38-2 4,115 40-2 38°5 3,958 42°0 38-2 (3,958) | 42-0 38-0 3,958 42"0 38:9 3,958 419 39°0 3,958 41°9 39°2 3,936 419 39°0 35958 419 3970 3,958 41°5 39°5 93 x "0 Gan) |) ele os 3,637 419 39°5 3,588 42°0 39°2 3,547 419 39°8 3,604 419 39°8 3,450 421 39°8 35343 42°I 40°° 35244 42°5 40°0 35144 42°5 40°5 33044 42°5 40°5 23994 43°0 410 25744 43°5 410 2,694 44°0 4U5 25594 44°5 42°0 254.40 44°9 42°0 2,409 44°9 42°0 5. 6. i (1) Over the Weald of Kent; temperature of gas in balloon 55°. (2) Very misty; no object at any distance can be seen. (3) Thirty vibrations of horizontal magnet in 49-2 seconds. (4) The sky clear and light blue; detached cumuli. (5) Heard dog barking ; passing to the left of Tunbridge. (6) Thirty vibrations of horizontal magnet in 49 seconds. (7) Very misty. (9) Ozone paper coloured to 3, powder to 4. (10) Can see Tunbridge Wells to the right and §. of us. (11) Can hear voices, but see no one on the earth, (8) Very misty. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 245 Balloon Ascent, from the Crystal Palace, June 27, 1864. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. , an Gridiron iell R l Bina Thermo- Daniell’s. egnault’s, nee Diff. |Dew-point.| meter Dry. | Wet. | Diff. pane ’ 4 peers Dew-point. | Dew-point. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 3°9 BRON | 2s. -cdspanl fecces NE Weacs cc =| Pos cceer | ~ ce seceeel pee. Me 41°5 1'7 39°1 18 38°38 1'7 33°4 21 37°1 2°3 37°0 i 34:3 2°7 Ratti) F 2°7 35°71 24 34°7 2°4. 34°7 2°4 34°7 27 34°7 27 34°7 2°8 34°7 2'8 34°7 2'8 34°7 27 35°1 3°8 33°5 4°0 SS) a8 oN ASRS | ccc ro Reese] (enema ae tae See Ices eee 41°5 31 35°0 2°9 35°4 27 35°9 29 35°4 2°9 35°4 2°0 37°0 2°5 36°9 24 36°6 2°8 35°7 21 37°1 21 371 2°3 36°9 21 37°4 2°5 370 2'0 38-0 2°0 380 2"0 Ste". UNE Beppo as i Meco ees || cee Fai neg I en . 44°0 2°5 380 2°5 38°5 2°5 39°0 2°9 38°6 2°9 | 38°6 | (12) The sun at edge of cloud. (14) Nearly over the Medway. (15) Thirty vibrations of horizontal magnet in 49 seconds. (16) We are changing our direction. (17) Heard a gun. (13) Near village of Hadlow. (18) Can see main line of the South-Eastern Railway ; a train coming towards us. (19) Can see people. (20) Belt across the sun (21) Can see two horses, and a man leading them. (22) Thirty vibrations of horizontal magnet in 48-7 seconds. (23) Heard a gun; can see three trains. (24) Can just see the edge of the sun. apparently on our level. 246 REPORT—1864. Tanz I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Twenty-first 3 Siphon Barometer. Dry and Wet Ther- gs : Aneroid | Height above & Z Time. Heading att. |B pagel nee_-levale Dry Wet 28 and reduced | Therm. Pe. , 7 to 32° Fahr. ae in. 3 in. feet. ° ° (1) S) ASN Jor peel eee eestein call iest ee. 27°46 2,529 45'0 42°2 (2) 8 Sg) SOaee allueseters [rar ceetees 27°06 2,929 452 42°3 8’. FO) ones eres aM eSeccs 26°76 3,229 44°83 42°5 SiDr AsO mae w ercetiens Il) sere 26°66 3,329 448 42'0 Soong lr tee. IR inesese 26°51 3,479 43°9 41°5 Se tntemOmiee. le Meresghes il (iM sees 26°41 3,579 43°5 410 (3) Steege. he oe eee 26°41 35579 43°5, 410 SURO Ne Pll) eeeee HE sees 26°41 33579 433 41°0 (4) | pear » 2656 | 3.444 | 432 | 40°5 (5) SECON MOu ye i) usedeta onl Wie teas'aee 26°66 3,340 430 40°! SG OMB we ih wrcswarety! lb ovewsse 26°71 3,288 43°1 40°5 GSE ZOOLan Ph. aadeeete: Wide 'ces'ess 26°76 3,236 43°2 40°5 Se2O Oe NM) nesters 27°01 2,978 43°5 40°8 SZOrAGh a hh Unctheac 8A sewe=s 27°08 2,978 43°5 41°5 Sigresorge llr seess ail. wacacec 27°01 2,978 43°5 412 ors Se ae el es occ Wee sedcon 27°11 2,878 43°8 412 (6) She c-bin cae rie | beige: Coca fs Wccooc 27°16 2,828 44'0 415 89290 0° 5 Fo COS) SBade80 27°16 2,828 44°0 42°0 iS Gy hh Sha a) hei coca), accocce 27°26 2,720 44°2 42°0 (7) Bi AGEXO apr) callow baeeety tal | -exeees 27°27 2,710 44°5 42°2 EO oe 5 Sli IG Goan b heccocsc 27°56 2,434 45°2 43°2 NGG Pile Co ey On| cca | Mine 27°66 2,337 45°0 4370 SEZTESON ge ih “adce) |) Sense 27°71 2,289 45°9 43°° | Sposmiotee ie \.sasces fd cies . 27°76 2,241 46°0 43°9 -(8) Szke2otmer lk acdsee # 27°78 2,221 46°0 435 Si 2S "FOr ggt) 4]| saeco al Presets 27°81 2,199 46°2 44°0 SLAG MOMs lp “ettedehs a. sesbes 27°96 2,151 46°2 44°0 (9) SP2orsOr ah | Gosecee? LI eens ° 28°01 2,003 47°0 44°I BrzOrAGees lle tegatee | Rl edawss 28°06 1,955 47°0 44°1 | Sagar OMe be emeset Py een 28°08 1,937 47°2 44°2 SeGORE Rial -Anllplaeetewet: All| Beccss em 28°08 1,937 ATI 44/2 SEQOUION eG ei wisctece AE \aclewes 28°15 1,910 47°5 44:2 SES IT OOM A ulin. rineese seeeae 28°18 1,831 47°5 44°2 (10) Link elas age i COR omil Meco 5 28°18 1,831 47°7 44°7 Seszesow es. | ie tases i) Retees 28°16 1,884. 47°9 44°6 SP 3245" 5 BSA ie BP Sees 28°16 1,884. 48°0 44°5 (11) SEIAa OMe olen aveseey |p acedss 28°11 1,936. 482 44°7 (12) SESESDUSS sli. caaccetin(u 1-steee - 28°06 1,988 48°2 44°9 SEQAm Ors, sues al A aoeees 27°95 2,098 47°38 44°5 vdig (op Tek s el fe leiGocoom we Geooce 3 27°38 2,168 47°83 44°2 (13) 8u367 0%; oc ate Scone 27°34. 2,208 47°9 44°0 8 36 30 ,, saave aus 27°78 2,268 47°83 44°0 Sea7eLOuse |). ccene . POEL 27°76 2,288 47°6 44°0 Bray 140) a5 aeeac Ml Micaces 27°68 2,322 47°6 44°2 3 35n10 5, sees cesses 27°66 2,337 47°2 43°9 8 38 15 ,, Jeeves Boaae 27°64 2,348 47°2 43°9 8 38 30 ,, anaes cree 27°64. 2,348 47°2 44°0 (14) LJ 12 Rehan ety Mami OP Soe 27°66 2,337 472 43'7 ue 2. 3. 4, 5. Gi i. (1) Heard the whistle of a train. (2) Sixteen vibrations of horizontal magnet in 26°5 seconds. (3) Lowered grapnel ; clear sky above. (4) Going over Goudhurst. (6) We are passing between Hawkhurst and Cranbrook. (5) Sunset. a eS Oiees 4 ibe ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 247 Balloon Ascent, from the Crystal Palace, June 27, 1864. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. Gridiron Delicate Thermo- Daniell’s. | Regnault’s. | Blackened Diff. Dew-point.| meter. Dry. Wet. Diff. Dew- Bulb Ther- po: Dew-point. | Dew-point. moe 28 38°9 e = ° © ° ° ° ° 2"9 38°9 2°3 38°8 2°83 38°7 24 | 38°6 3 2°5 38°0 2°5 33°0 2°3 38°3 26 374 2'9 33°6 2°6 374 27 37°3 2°7 37°6 2°0 39°2 2°3 38"4 2°6 38'r 2°5 38°5 2'0 39°6 22 39°4 230 | «394 20 40°°9 2" 40°7 29 | 39°7 21 41'5 2°5 40°6 2°2 41°5 2:2 41°5 2°9 40°38 2°9 40°8 3°0 40°8 ; 29 40°9 3°3 40°5 3°3 40°5 gio | «(414 33. | 40°9 Bie | 406 Sor ji 42% 373 aaa 33 40°8 3°6 40°2 39 39°7 3°8 39°8 3°6 40°0 34 40°4 3°3 40°2 3°3 4c°2 32 40°4 3°5 39°8 8. 9. 10. ial 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. (7) Thirty vibrations of horizontal magnet in 48-5 seconds. (8) Cranbrook very distinct. (9) Sounds very distinctly heard. (10) The country is very beautiful indeed. ; (11) A bell heard with a clear sound. (12) The shades of evening are coming over. (13) Over Tenterden. (14) Heard a gun. 248 } REPORT—186-4. TasiE I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Twenty-first 2 Siphon Barometer. | Dry and Wet Ther- gS : P Ancroid | Height ahove | Ee Time ee oe eee ee gs and reduced | Therm. to 32° Fahr. hm s in. > in. fect. a a 8 39 30 p-m. cones coon 27°66 25337 47°2 43°5 330545 Bayt call) tees yi yl. isssess 27°66 2.an7) 47°2 43°5 SLAC! SOls; Bees snl irss~ ase 27°81 2,187 47°90 43°5 “TENS GY gaeen Ul ye Saori y Geace 27°86 2,136 47° 43°6 Ae ihe SHC)! Gy a | MASSA lis aneee 27°91 2,086 47°0 43°7 SAD LOUNss ||) = renee So | LS eases 27°94. 2,056 473 43°9 $ 42 305, eawre mre a arses 28°01 1,986 47°2 43°9 (1) SeAQEOI Rss DM ut cbcecerigall tre~clese 28°16 1,836 47°0 44°0 Sag. 2Ow yt etc etcaee dW ih gtescane 28°21 1,786 47°2 44°5 SeAA, SOR Raa Uressceey UM Uavcess 28°28 1,716 47°5 45° BAA USO se © Wh otebaccs! Ui locke 28°28 1,716 47°38 44/8 (2) Si ASeTO Ese Bl) vtsesomsen Wi scnecs 28°35 1,668 48°2 44°5 SEAG AGO Rn Weldcstesee UT) decsiece 28°36 1,678 48°5 45°2 BAGO Bye. (Blt ea tetcsaen Wh secs exe 28°41 1,628 483°7 45°1 SuAmO ts, yu ease SO) Sages 28°42 1,618 48'9 45°5 (3) Pee O MEO Efi |) Gaccecs sv Ull uescess huni mensiecs (1,478) 49°I S501 'Ou,, COST aeanD ||| ooeeee 28°84 1,198 49°0 45°5 (4) Suet O s, smaaee ee 28°91 1,114 49° 44°2 SUG COs a ii ticestes SIP “ees Ncs 28°91 1,114 49°0 44°0 DS e OMe owl catans Bit AIL Sansieve 28°98 1,030 49° 43°9 SAGES ole ay ae |enmetceooeen || Mcadeto 29°06 944 49° 43°5 S 1535055 ebhate Retains 29°06 944. 49'0 43°2 SSP Te tos, Sie a | eee pectin 29°21 770 49°0 43°5 ‘SG oa Ae sl DA ier cccoren {| Wececune 29°21 770° 49°0 44°0 8 54 30 5, stsnep call | aaaeee 29°26 662 49°0 44°0 eset apevei | amare soo ae || pes - 29°23 698 488 43°8 BGS ston i Sscom || aa “ 29°16 772 48°9 43°5 SbOO4, sauwan Keaoc 29°06 890 48°9 43°5 Secceqoun,.” Vibe ksaech NEM eses : 28°91 949 48°6 43°2 BEET gale Semen |e Se Seana || pee 28°66 1,245 48°38 42°83 35730 uss peice | UOICS 28°56 1,363 48°5 42°3 S585.0) 1, Saeed | shake 28°41 1,540 47°9 42°2 SSS SOM jl) cinaees Heecciees 28°31 1,658 47°90 42°0 Ss 10: k, ee Sea | ere 28°26 1,717, 46°5 41°83 Sab ORGO as blades SE | s Seeae eS 28°16 1,843 46°0 40°6 DMNOMUS ert oc steses If witsctie 27°36 2,651 472 41°0 Om Onn: Ccetciees It Uaseans 27°06 2,954 47°5 42°2 DetasOM se i \eteseeel Veveons 26°78 3,244 46°5 42°7 She PAeOe is iG Atecocty UHM vaccines 26°81 3,214 46°7 42°5 Gees eOndas) la cusescae aia MIN ciosaies 26°31 3,517 46°9 41°5 (5) Dy “Haare Ava | fe tet ate 6) || saeco 26°06 3,964 46°0 412 (6) De eOmr ile cece mm tencts 25°91 4,019 44°8 40°5 aneeocie3 » Specs Seabee 25°78 4,166 44°5 3) ADC Si seer ‘Wiesgct 25°06 4,956 DR Oss Alb esesteas | esses 24°66 5,396 (7) Gp. Shs Gy) oak une sesame) lie Bases 24°06 6,168 (3) |e oF. | (9) 9) GOmmO ermal ee seeese [sees 29°96 | ground 46°5 452 1, 2. 3. 4. 3. 6. rf (1) Gas clear. (2) Mist over marshes. (3) Packed up the Hygrometer and Blackened Bulb Thermometer. (4) Still over Tenterden ; came within the influence of a westerly current. (5) Difficult to read the instruments. (6) In fog. (7) Could not see to read the instruments. in? ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 249 Balloon Ascent, from the Crystal Palace, June 27, 1864. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. ee | Grdinon —| Delicate Thermo- Daniell’s | Regnault’s, | Blackened Diff. |Dew-point.| meter. Dry. | Wet. | Diff. Dewa Bulb Ther- pone Dew-point. | Dew-point. SHOU Te ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° o Biv 39°3 357 39°3 3°5 39°5 34 39°7 S05 39°9 34 4o'l 3°3 40°2 370 40°6 27 414 24 43°4 370 414 oe 40°4 373 | 416 3°6 412 34 | 418 35 4'7 48 39°0 570 38°6 51 38"4 55 37°5 Be} 36°9 5°5 37°5 50 38°6 50 38°6 aor |) 38'3 54 37°8 54 37°8 5°4 373 6:0 362 62 | 35°5 57 345°9 5 6 ae 10. ine 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. IF. (8) On the ground at Romney Marsh, about half a mile from Cheynecourt. (9) At the Alliance Inn, Brookland, at midnight, Mr. Coxwell’s pulsations were 90 in a minute ; Mr. Glaisher’s 88; Mr. Collins’s 94, and Mr. J. Atkinson’s 74. The number of respirations per minute were—Mr. Coxwell, 18; Mr. Glaisher 17,and Mr. Collins 15. At the hour of ra.m., J) une 28, 30 vibrations of the same horizontal magnet were observed, as follows :—in 47°2 ; again 47°2 ; again 47°2; again 46°5 ; and in 47-2 seconds. 250 REPORT—1864. Taste I.—Meteorological Observations made in the Twenty-second 2 Siphon Barometer. Dry and Wet Ther- o 3 oe - i i a] a a2 : Aneroid ight ab Ee Time. Reading Att Barometer, pipe ee r S's corrected Th < No. 2. Dry. Wet. f~* and reduced erm. to 32° Fahr. hm °s in iS in. le Suro) oyerat, ||") Coaer te teen | benneaeoe 29°64. (1) 4 6a20%; AT RTO Mey eee Geriare sss). ‘ite sicsess 29°54. TES Sh ON ay el) lo See | (eee 29°26 PRES UMOML. ae jiMetaes eco A canes. 28°49 Ae DinGOm sh 0 i |eeideccss ec dle rives ers 28°10 4 OA ane fid| SAP esses. Sana Pte sioee 27°54. 4 “ OM rst: SIMON rei) Mi tensinwe 26°84 AO ZOWias) © | ttaeecces || peiaenea= 26°59 ADO wees pk | Mes ech ibrar simee 26°34, AOSD NQO Saat AME Mcssjeset: \ Him vesa =: 26°09 APEMON s;5) | etree Af iecas ces 25°79 AMES MOM ayn he lee Midelcceg. OYE apnede 25°80 (2) PTY ee Fon Wiley A | Soe a encore 25°46 7a selee (a) Wen Vea lek «coarse al penconere 25°44. (3) AGLOM RO Liye | Mwececch. Mises ss 25'36 Dee OP Gash a emeaee cach) viet isevcens 25°29 AAO Biases |i iaesiessl> | a)" Gonstees 25°06 ARLOOMOL oe CS eaeech | Aliteresas ze 24°86 (4) EQ) MOMs wo lletere ces. aplttisénjese 24°53 (5) B2ZOMOe sh WeReeosce, Mibttewnnes 24°44 ADDR UTOR gf) | |Meiicsace a A |P Pisses 23°79 Bip Glas fhe Fapeiuceh: . hi) sees ees 23°49 ANZA) GO lash HikPepescoh Aetlsyeaeeh oP ese re ADE MO Pas (|) Wee sieeel wot ietees ae 23°24 (Mees Se Cop wh ie sce: ||) sconce 22°96 BiDOIROn sree Meksece Uf ehie=l-0e 22°89 (6) A LEDO Pics Wee sccce iW [Riracaese 22°54. (7) 428 0 ,, (8) ROXIE Toy Py gdh ic HME | eect 22°34. Alia Site's RMLEE Micka ace. Tite Nesss 22°14 Taneafe ye (0) I ep ysiaeal oe sie EEE ol fe MEBORTE 22°04 AUZOISO ss) Pees ace! nll Meccees 21°92 WSOMZO dias sl |eiieesnsel Wifi heestax< 21°44 (9) Pst CToh Reyes) [bins CoaCOe || ReechOCoe 21°34 AVB2 Ody ee Biesiecey | Ul *eeaees 20°59 APSZ MRO as) al iicernsel, A4'e 's<~'aes 20°46 (10) AMGQeOme tk. || Wetesmcen Wt! i vssnices 20°36 (11) AS cOdeay |) esetemee iii | cenices 19°94 ABO MOS sy) Mall Piaccos. Uh Mecsas 19°64 OPEN Co one Oe Nl eee Deco | foe tore 19°07 BETeEZO 4S [be ieescom. 1 ikarninenet| UMsecees AES) BOR 5b 5) helene anes «cae 18°94 PSO eSOS is 1 NN) Reverse ML eNoo sare 18°82 (12) ERO uAriist | |b asavoa #llitiseste 18°84 (15) JSS Cy, RR | meee cece laecpbe ed 18°34 (14) JAR Suit) fay) "pate el NIRS ers enechyes a merece (15) AAS OMe HP fuecnpe Mtl Petcnnan. 1 2 3. 4 (1) Left the earth. (2) Balloon revolving once in 3 minutes. (3) No wind. (4) Deep blue sky; horizon very misty ; cirri above. (5) Tried vibrations of a horizontal magnet, but failed. r (6) Changed direction to move west. (7) Moving quickly. (8) Ships look small. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864, 251 Balloon Ascent, from the Crystal Palace, August 29, 1864. mometers (free). Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers, See : eae Daniell’s. | Regnault’s. | Blackene Diff. | Dew-point. Dry. | Wet. | Diff. sare P ‘ ge i oe Dew-point. | Dew-point. ° °o ° ° ° ° ° ° ° 15°5 45°4 I5‘0 45°7 14'0 46°7 15'0 45°2 T27, 45°6 SM aS Hera Weer re ecco | lee Pe ° oes 7O°O Irs Be oh] ORAM} chonctshiobas <4 | socupes RAO eons On cgR 64°5 EI, 41°4, TI's 39°5 120 38°0 11°3 371 10°0 36°9 go 37°4 55 415 61 410 570 AAAS MN.

18°26 13,730 30°0 23°71 Sey OL nO ley. ||P cooese eat || UPrseces 18°29 13,688 310 22°5 BIR BOM Ess AS) HOT aso LIP weiss 18°74 13,016 30°0 22'0 (6) 5, aT TON RT | Stacker” Lil Moreen 18°84. 12,866 31'0 227, ie) eto) ieyner?|(Mameceoge iy oral Getce bec 20°64 9,943 34°0 28°9 BL RIGOR Ree ||) sekecoen 1p | roaee 20°79 9,868 34°2 29'0 bp AS) Obs ae ON Tyee |! mast el | aioce ces 21°05 9,740 36°2 30°2 GREE On Royce, jseeieeeret || vacate 21°42 9,268 362 30°5 REMAN GON Tsp Neon eeptecss = |porettioes 21°52 95143 372: 30°5 Gua Oi! sy aude leeshreaebee fal Sensteae 21°65 8,981 37:8 30°9 eA uOm ay) oilememacrasel fy alle vaeqieets 22°34, 8,146 412 32°0 BuaRANeS OW bal WilWiraisaenes,i) SIM \weseds 22°69 7,726 415 31°38 CN Us caer eae ol| oa Map sacremei || smpoocee 22°74, 7,666 410 318 ap cae (CM ern i ee| mts er aimll| Meroe 23°00 7,351 42°5 32'0 EUG fea) eye) Meccatce aN! Mecrocos 23°29 7,018 44°2 33°5 (7) BOTTA nig aehtess — ob, Sacto 23°69 6,558 45°5 38°1 ETO RO De Hae loatincsns wll) -crsnee 24°18 5,996 47°0 42°8 MOR MOMiay ll estnes (IB veethave 25°26 4,815 49°5 46:2 BEZOCN Oo aum | yp aaetece? [I Wveetces 25°49 4,550 512 43°1 Ge OMB | rckwene || serv 25°70 4,326 5205 48'1 PCO OR Mss) ae \ili'i —ctdvwenweny |p sewers 26°14 3,857 53°5 49°5 G25) Yo). ul coe | MEO 26°74 3,225 54°2 49°1 (8) 52! CElem econ: | ailinocer 26°74 3,238 58'2 49°5 Ei fale). (3) \ el (oc aia | cece 28°06 1,902 GRRE MORM ss. callin ci’ wepreaey an y:l| Po acentee 28°54. 1,417 64°0 5570 (9) | SSO OM basi heal. schon cual lh coaatuce 29°86 jon the ground) 69:0 572 ie 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 ie (1) Ozone paper coloured to 2; 28 vibrations of a horizontal magnet in 49°5 seconds. (2) Mr. Glaisher’s pulsations were 110, and respirations 20 in a minute. (3) Mr. Glaisher’s pulsations were 97 in a minute. (4) Field appeared 20 feet square. (5) Nearly over Brith. t 4 ; mometers (free), Diff. hee avin COOL AANA YN wmwOwWaY MPNINOYIO NSHwouse - oO A Dew-point. II a8 a aeeeee Steal steal ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 253 Balloon Ascent, from the Crystal Palace, August 29, 1864, Dry and Wet Therms. (aspirated). Hygrometers. | Gridiron Delicate Thermo. | Dew. | Daniell’s. | Regnault’s. aekenedl meter. Dry. | Wet. | Diff. F pout Dew-point. | Dew-point. oe ag on ° ° ° °o ° ° ° ° Jethae he 2ssEee OT wcdd ey MMeeR Ae eR eal La ee, Ae, es 3 42°70 Fecal ile vbcoelll, xceccs. | eect eee S snes 3685 Pavieeig ||crocesan'|t toreeealll waste ts (tenet ceatl Mianmeeee ¢ ererEs 37°0 BeOS oe | Racecey | heer, Ce odected | nerecee Re — 3°0 3 okecote afl. ee mallecaose ll abostem tages scutes — 30 Pema Ecard | te aseann ll avtesce Pctcees cearce o'o Cee Reoe Pill emcee llecevaeee) ||) aweaees |) otvnen oe 20°0 sanfeetelet al anhalt .'s)s 5 3h Saleen rile at asc eeeeee wants 42°0 Siododk | ete Aca |fitaecey aml [tee Be || anode Sinai bonne 43°0 ee li snaane ls lAees endenar |i sraespal (ult aQeee 19'0 51‘o 10. 11. 12, 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. (6) Mr. Glaisher’s pulsations here were 99; Mr. Coxwell’ te, The number of respirations sher, 18 ; and Messrs. Coxwell a e River Thames. ston each 118 in one minu Mr. Norris, 10; Mr. Gai (7) Over the edge of th (9) On the ground at Wybridge, near Rainham, (8) Sand out. in Essex. 8 102 ; Messrs. Norris and Cran- Im one minute were as follows :— nd Cranston each 22. 254 REPORT—1864, § 4. Avoprep TempERATURES oF THE ArR AND Dew-Pornt, wirn Heicur, IN THE FoURTEENTH TO THE TWENTY-SECOND BaLtoon ASCENTS. From all the observations of the temperature and of the dew-point in the preceding Tables, a determination was made of both elements, with the corresponding readings of the Some of the numbers in the column for heights have been interpo- lated when either of these elements have been observed without a corresponding observation of the barometer. The numbers thus found are within brackets. The results are contained barometer and heights. in the following Tables. Tasie II.—Showing the adopted Reading of the Barometer, calculated Height above the Sea, Temperatures of the Air, Wet-bulb, and the Dew-point, in the Fourteenth to the Twenty-second Balloon Ascents.—FouRTEENTH Ascrnt.—August 31, 1863. aes Minelol Reading observa- tion. P.M. Barom. reduced to 32° F. s/ in. Q} 29°70 | 29°70 7 2) 29579. 0} 29°55 o| 29°30 o| 28°80 14 20| 28°64 14 30] 28°50 of the |: _——— » onthe > 15 40) 27°70 16 0| 27°40 17 0| 27°00 18 0/2690 18 30) 26-42 18 40] 26°00 18 50) 25°92 Tg 0) 25°55 20 0/25°30 20 20| 25°10 20 30| 24°85 20 40) 24°48 21 10] 24°00 21 30) 23750 22 0/23°30 22 30/ 23°00 23° 0 22°95 23 30| 22°90 24. 0| 22°70 24 10) 22°50 25 0|22°50 27 0| 22°30 27 50| 22°30 28 0] 22°20 28 30] 22°20 29 0/ 22°20 29 30] 22°10 31 0/2210 32 0/ 22°20 32 30) 22°20 33 9) 22°35 34 0) 22°45 35 30) 22°70 36 0] 22°90 37. 0} 23°00 37 30) 23°10 38 30 23°32 39 0) 23°50 Height above the level of the sea, is] or ie} 2 eround — — Lal m Cof ont NN oP Dn 1145 1963 2270 2670 2770 3263 3694 3778 4167 4425 4632 4907 Sse! 5844 6404 6627 6963 7022 7080 1345) 7549 7549 779° 7192 YE USS 7922 8033 8033 791% DIEZ 777° 7621 7327 7124 7022 6898 6626 6404 Temp. of the Air. Temp. of the Wet- bulb. 60°0 600 60°'0 54°0 53.5 53°0 540 512 49°0 43°5 47-2 451 44°0 42°1 41°I 40°5 Time of Reading observa- tion. P.M. hm 6 40 40 42 30 O1O10 OV ONOnGEG of the Barom. reduced to 32°F. in. 23°65 23°70 23°95 24°40 24°40 24°45 24°92 25°00 25°30 25°50 25°70 25°90 26:20 26°41 26°65 26°71 26°90 27°20 27°35 27°78 27°95 28°25 28°50 28°70 28°35 28°90 28-90 28°75 28°40 28°10 27°90 27°72 27°65 27°63 28°50 28°53 28°80 28-90 29°10 29°20 29°25 29°35 eee Height above the level of the sea. feet. 6233 6176 5891 5389 5389 5339 3865 4784 4452 4231 4009 3787 3480 3264 3018 2957 2762 2466 2317 1803 1724 1434 1193 100 3 859 812 812 1050 1287 1580 1775 1954 2024 emp. | Temp. of the | of the Wet- | Dew- bulb. | point. ° ° 34°2 | 284 34°5 | 2970 3571 310 35°O | 30°3 35°0 | 30°3 34°8 | 29°8 361 | 32°2 372 | 34°3 371 | 34°0 37°8 | 348 38°5 | 33°7 40°5 | 38°5 408 | 39°2 41°2 | 40°9 42°38 | 4274 42° | 40°3 43°09 | 41°7 441 | 42°9 45°0 | 44°83 462 | 452 46°38 | 463 47°0 | 461 47°5 | 46°7 482 | 473 49°0 | 481 see | 48°0 50° | 45°5 50°0 | 49°0 50°5 | 50°0 50°5 | 50°5 49°38 | 48°6 48°9 | 47°2 48°5 | 4772 480 | 45°9 50°0 | 49°5 50°0 | 49°5 50°0 | 49°0 52°5 | 52°0 52°4 | 516 52°5 | 51°5 52°5 | 513 ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 AnD 1864. Taste I. (continued.)—Firreenta Ascenr.—September 29, 1863. Time of | Reading of the “ton. | Bam, AM. Ito 32°F. h m_ s| in. 7 12 0} 297436 $3 0) 29°427 36 9/29°459 42 0) 29°483 43 0} 29176 45 0}29°018 46 0} 28°791 46 30| 28-644 47 0 28:247 47 50| 28-049 50 0/27°849 §2 0|26'950 52 30| 26451 54 of 26°154 Oey el @ooge 56 of25°859 B72) Of fae ss 59 0} 24°619 8 0 of 24°469 I 0|24'270 2 0/23°972 3 0/23°783 4 0) 23°674 4 30] «.-. 5 0 23°496 6 0} 237528 6 30) 23°529 7 9% 23°531 9 0] 23°382 TO 0|23°362 II 0} 23°103 II 30| 22°884 I2 0} 22°734/ 13° 0) 22°485 14 0] 22°387 15 0} 227188 16 0} 22°109 18 0}21°999 19 0/21°909 20 0} 21°840 BO Sojic... 2I 0} 21°790 21 30) 21°690 22 0}/21°590 22 30] «... 23° O}21°511 24. oO} 21°192 25 0} 21142 27 0} 21090 28 0] 20°895 29 30) 20°547 ar joj.....°|¢ 32 0] 20°002 33 0} 19902 34 9} 19°802 35 9/ 19°702 Height above the level of the sea, 5314 5473 5789 6000 6117 6321 (6375) 8504 8621 8726 (8726) 8819 9193 9252 9310 9563 10005 10300) 10646 10785 10924 11062 Temp. oF the of the | Wop Air. | bulb. ° ° 442 | 43°8 4772 | 46'0 475!) 45°5 480 | 461 470 | 45°1 46:0 | 44°2 452) 441 451 | 438 4S ma 4370 A499 43°0 See Ante ite 42°0 | 41-1 41°5 | 39:0 40°0 | 37°5 38°5 | 365 380 | 35°8 37°5 | 35°0 35°2 | 32°2 Bose enw 33°6 | 304 322 | 29°8 BP se 2919 13 310 | 29:2 g2/5)9 49'S 300 | 285 30°5 | 287 29°70 | 27°83 29°5 | 27°8 29°3 | 27°5 29°0 | 27°1 28°5 | 26:0 28°'0 | 25°7 27 24025°Q 260 | 24°1 26°0 | 24°0 260 | 24°0 27°0 | 25°% 2675 | 24°8 26°2 | 24°38 25°0 | 32°0 25°0 | 32°0 24°5 | 32°0 23°5 215 P18 210 | 26°0 21°5 | 21°5 2m'r } 185 18'r | 34°2 1772 | 34'1 17 Ose 239 175 | 142 Temp. of the Dew- point. 15°5 o'7 50 —14'0 > Se: = ig —I0'9 | Time of observa- tion. A.M. hein fs 8 37 0 38 0 39 0 40 Oo 41 0 42) 0 43 0 44 0 44 30 45 0 46 o 47 0° 49 0 50 Oo 5I oO 52) a 52 30 53 0 54 0 54 30 Eye ts) 58 o 59° 9 989 ra ITs I 30 2 0 Sie | 4 0 and ie te | 8 o Io o Io 30 3277 2 13,0 14 0 I5 0 16 o 20 Oo 22 +6 23 aq 24 0 25 iG 27 0G 28 o 29 0 31 0 opal fe! $3: 1S Reading of the Barom. reduced to 32° F, in, 19°552 19°523 19°303 19°253 1g"1O5 18905 18°756 18°705 13°705 13-706 18-606 (11075) Height above the level of the sea. feet. 11082 11127 11592 11654. 11857 12113 12305 12416 12416 (12415) 12414 12800 12857 12857 12972 12900 (12800) 12666 12533 11818 see 12704. eye K 12926 12926 12926 12926 12975 13025 13025 13025 13030 13160 13279 13321 13832 14218 14096 13791 13805 13695 13695 13695 (13738) 13982 13982 13807 13982 15517 16284 16590 2 Temp. T ‘i of the | Qyate Air. | bulb. r7°5 | 14° 162 | I4°1 16°5 | 14°2 162 | 14:0 16°0 | 1470 16'0 | 14°0 DSS £25 13°8 | 12°5 Ae WY Wa 1370 |. 12° 14'2 13'0 I7°O | waes 162 | 15:0 16:0 160 17'S |. «ses 17°8 | I7°0 17°5 | 16'9 20°9 17°5 | 16°9 TR OM tr B3"S EI2§, 305 Tres. |) 05 125) |} 120 1570 | 14°5 1570 | 14°8 1570 | 14°8 16°5 | 1570 16'0 1ST | 14°5 TSO} 14°5 14°5 | 1470 13°I 12°8 | 12°4 122} I1'2 145 14°5 Ou age 8:0 72 50 355 370 pia 20 2° axe) Toy, oz oo o2 55 Temp. of the Dew- point. 256 ; REPORT—1864. Taste II. (continued.)—Firreenta Ascent._September 29 (continued). 10 © of 18°719] 12504 |17°2 | 1570 23 Io} 18919) 12225 |17°5 | 1571 |— 4'0 30 I 30] 19°:069]} 12030 |17°2 | 14°5 |— 6°0 Time of Reading! Height Temp.| Temp. || Time of Reading) Height Temp. | Temp. observa- te “aes the pean of the of he observa- Be ae abavatie er of the of the tion. Bere d level of FOS Wet- | Dew- tion. etnced level of Aine Wet- | Dew- A.M. [15 39° RF, the sea. bulb, | point. AM+ 15399 F, the sea, bulb. | point. h m_ s| in. feet. = 4 ° h m_ s| in. feet. > 5 a 9 34 ©} 17°317| 14295 Io 2 O]1g9'210] 11834 | 17°5 35 0} 17°417] 14235 AE ip siele |e I°2 apse Age aid 195 | 1671 |— o'2 36 0} 17°417| 14219 a7 Stal Bretate:e 50 3 30) 20°210) 10534 |2I'0 | 1675 |—14°4 38 of 17°517| 14175 6°0 59 4°5 4 0}20°410} 10284 |22°0 | 17°8 |— 99 490 Of] sees ea sinha al efoiso 1|\Cejsves 4:0 4. 30} 20°660| 10084 |23°2 | 181 |—13°9 41 01 177417) 14203 Bobi dl a eiote 4°5 5 0}21°909) 967% |23°0| 1970 |— 61 43 0/17°618) 13897 | 72] 4°9 |— 370 6 0217309] 9179 |25°0 | 20°5 |— 43 44. 0} 17°618| 13897 6 30)/21°509| 8933 |26'0 | 21°0 |— 40 45 of 177468] 14224 go Te ene 7 0©|22°909| 8439 |26°5 | 21°70 |— 6:9 46 oj .... (14190) | 9°3 8-2 |— 2°0 7 30|22°109} 8209 |27°0] 21°r |— 5°99 47 0} 177418} 14155 9°5 8°6 o'9 8 0] 227659] 7626 |29°0 |} 24°5 |4 82 48 0] 17°318) 14308 | 1175 | 11°5 x35 9 0|22°809] 7396 |31°0 | 268 15°5 49 0) 177518) 14031 | 13°0 | 12°3 6°9 II 0} 24°398) 5613 |34°5 | 30°9 | 24°9 50 oO} 177117] 13175 |13'9 | 13°2 7°38 13 0/24°388) 5078 |35'2 | 30°99 | 2471 eicis Bests ais wit] MLAS Dll) BES"5 89 Ons ee os aval OF Chad Mune 33°8 52 O|17°117| 13175 |15°0 | 471 64 14 0}25°492| 4438 |372 |. 31% | 22°5 54 0] 17°318| 14459 |13'1 | 12°6 8:8 15 0/25°992] 3933 13973 | 33°09 | 24°9 55 0} 177518) 14347 |13°2 | 121 3°6 15 30/26°391| 3529 |39°5 | 33°0 | 24°6 §6 of 17°718) 13947 |13°5 | 119 |— O'5 16 0| 26°689| 3224 |41'2 | 33°5 | 23°8 BONGO tre. HI(XS947) MalNG Sale LO |e 4, 17 0/27°007/ 2828 |42°0 | 33°38 | 23°7 57 0/17°718] 13947 |13'2 | 110 |— 60 Ig 0/27°881) 2039 |47°0 | 37°5 | 26°8 57 30|17°818] 13747 |13°2 | 10°5 |—10°4 Igl 0/27'981| 1881 58 of 18°118] 13332 | 15° | I1'0 |—13°0 20 0|27°979| 1881 |48°0 | 4oro 31°2 59 0] 18°619} 12642 |17°0 |. 14°5 |—.4°7 21 | O| 27°777| 21777 Si48'ON ed's) | ees28 ° ° 28°471| 1469 | 50° |. 45°0 | 39°7 «++. | ground | 53°0 SrxreentH Ascunt.—October 9, 1863. P.M. P.M. 4 © 0/2930} onthe | 53:8 | 486 | 43°5|| 4 41 0/23°00 | 6732 | 310} 28°5 27 0|29°23 | ground | 54°5 | 49°2 | 44°13 4I 30) 22°95 | 6796 | 31°5| 287 29 30/2912 | | 426 |53°0 | 47°9 42°38 42 0] 22°75 7030 31°8| 289 30 09/2870 845 | 52°70 | 46°38 | 41°5 43 0/22°62 | 7184 | 310] 27° 30 30) 28°42 899 |50°0 | 45°5 | 40°7 43 30| 22°62 | 7161 30°5| 27°% 3I 0} 27°92 1573 |482 | 44°1 39°6 44. 0|/22'60 | 7193 29°5| 27°1 31 40/27°70 | 1748 | 47°38) 43°00 | 37°77 45 01 22°55 | 7252 | 2921) 27°75 31 50/2760 | 1887 |47°4 | 42°38 | 37°7 46 0) 22°52 | 7303 | 29°70] 277% 32 0127750 | 1984 | 463 | 42°5 MPa 46 301 22°50 | 7310 | 30°0| 27°1 32 15/2735 | 2131 |46°0 | 42:0 | 37°4 47 22°55 | 7267 | 31°5| 27°2 32 30|27°20 | 2279 |45°2 | 4rd 364/48 22°69 7087 30°0 |. 27°2 32 45/27°00 | 2399 |44°8 | 405 | 35°6 49 23°00 | 6731 | 30°5| 27°2 33 0|27°00 | 2474 |43°5 | 40°0 | 35°9 5° 23°15 | 6557 | 310) 27°5 33 30/2642 | 3060 |42°0 | 384] 33°99] 51 0/2360 | 6310 | 317] 28:0 34. 0|25°80 | 3700 {410 | 3772 32°4|| 52 30;24°00 | 5600 | 32°0/ 292 34 30}25°70 | 3805 |4o°8 | 368 | 318) 52 45/2415 | 5433 | 32°5| 29°5 35 0/2562 | 3878 |40°5 | 36°5 | 31°4|| 53 9124750 | 5052 | 33°0| 29°8 35 30/25°40 | 4114 | 39°2 | 35° | 30°8 53 30,25°55 | 3928 | 332) 30°0 36 o}25°720 | 4219 |37°5 | 3370 | 26°38 54 024°70 | 4835 | 34°0| 30°5 37 30/2395 |' 5672 |34°2 | 315 | 269] 55 oO 25710 | 4409 | 34°8) 30°7 38 cl2g10 | 5499 |33°0| 30°5 | 25°5| 55 10 2520 | 4302 | 34°8| 31-2 38 30,2400 | 5605 | 32°5 | 29°7 | 23°8 56 0 25740.) 4095 | 35°5} 32°0 | 39 0/23°90 | 5717 |32°0 | 29°5 | 24°2|| 57 0 25°55 | 4024 | 36°0| 320 39 30/2340 | 6277 |31°5 | 282 | 20°0|| 57 30/25°70 | 3783 | 36°5| 32°5 39 45/23°31 | 6378 | 313 | 284 | 2170 57 45\25°80 | 3679 | 37°0/ 33°0 40 ,0|23°720 | 6506 | 312 | 28°5 | 22°3 58 of 2580 | 3679 | 37°0| 33°0 ro- Or Xt ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 18638 anp 1864. Taste IT. (continued.)—Srxrennta Ascent.—October 9, 1863. Time of Reading i te .| Temp. || Time of Reading Heig F Temp. | Temp. observa- pene poetine ree a the of the observa- geeshe Shave ie tone of the of the tion. | educed| level of o AGE Wet- | Dew- tion. | veduced| level of ree Wet- | Dew- P.M. to 32° F. the sea. bulb, | point. P.M, to 32° F, the sea. bulb. | point, h m_ s/} in, feet. ° ° ° h m_ss/n. feet. te y ° 4 58 30/25°80 | 3679 | 37°0 | 33°% | 27°5 || 5 33 30/2765 | 1890 | 4570 | 42°5 | 49°7 59 9125°35 | 3548 |37°0 | 342 | 27°7 34 0/27°60 | 1877 |'44'0| 425: | 40°7 5 9 02620) 3268 | 38:0 | 34'2 | 29°0 34 30/27°65 | 1827 | 4470 | 42°5 | 40°7 I 0/2642 | 3046 | 387 | 3571 | 30°3 35. 01 27°75 1731 | 44°5 | 42°38 | 40°7 2 0/2642 | 3040 |39°0 | 35°1 | 29°9 35 30127°85 | 1633 | 44-2 | 4371 | 41°8 3 2640 | 3067 | 39°2 | 35°5 | 30°6 36 0277990 | 1586 | 44-5 | 43°2 | 41°4 4 0 26°38 3087 |39°0 | 35°71 | 29°9 36 30] 28-00 1490 | 44°8 | 43°6 | 4271 4 30/26°35 | 3125 |39°2 | 35°1 | 29°6 37 0/27°70 | 1782 | 448 | 43°6 | 42°71 5 2615 | 3323 | 39°5 | 35°5 | 30°2 38 0f27°55 | 1927 | 45° | 43°4 | 41°5 6 02615 | 3330 | 39°2 | 35°5 | 30°6 39 0/27°35 | 2120 | 45:2 | 43°1 | 40°7 6 30) 2615 3323 (39°51 '35°5 | 30°2 40 0f27°35 | 2124 |45'0 | 43°71 | 40°9 7 0126:20| 3272 | 39:2 | 351 | 29°6 AL cl26°92 | 2552 | 44:2 | 43:0 | 41°6 8 0/2631 | 3159 |39°0 | 35°5 | 30°8 42 0/2635 | 2619 |43°0 | 41°5 | 37°5 Io 0/26°60 | 2863 |39°5 | 36°0 | 31-4 42 15| «.-- | (2910) | 42°5 | 385 | 33°5 II 0} 26°70 2765 |40°5 | 36% | 30°4 42 30] 26°30 3174 |41°5 | 37°5 | 32°5 I2 0/26°80 | 2665 | 40°5 | 37°0 | 32°5 43 9) 26°15 2926 141-9 ||§ 39°2R | 32°4: 13 0/2675 | 2715 | 41-0 | 37°8 | 33°7 43 15/2600 | 3476 |39°5 | 36:0 | 31°4 14 0/27°08 | 2386 | 42°0 | 38°5 | 34°2 43. 39/25 75 | 713735 | 392 1° 55°S) 29°5 14 15)27°14 | 2327 |42°0 | 39°3 | 35°7 44 0/25°72 | 3762 | 38-5 | 330 | 25°6 14 30)27°I4 | 2327 | 42°0 | 39°0 | 3573 45 0/25°20 | 4318 | 37°8 | 32°5 | 34°2 BS [27°10 | 2369 | 42°5 | 39° | 34°9 AS 30) 25725.) 4259 1372) 35:2" | 321 16 0/2635 | 2629 | 42°0 | 385 | 342 46 0) 25°25 | 4303 | 37:2 | 351 | 3271 17 0)26°72 | 2750 | 42°5 | 381 | 32°7 46 30/25°00 | 4584 | 37°2 | 35°2 | 32°r 18 0/26°60 | 2870 | 42°0 | 37°5 | 32°0 47 024°75 | 4786 | 36°6 | 32°5 | 26°5 1g 0/26°55 | 2920 | 415 | 37°0 | 31°4 48 0/2460 | 4949 | 360 | 318 | 25°5 20 0} 26°35 3121 | 4I'o | 36°38 | 31°5 48 30) 24°50 5052 | 36:0 | 31°5 | 24°9 20 30/26°20 | 3275 | 40°7 | 36°2 | 30°2 49 0}24°30 | 5263 |135'0 | 31°38 | 26°7 2I 0/2615 | 3323 | 40°5 | 361 | 3074 49 30) 24°20 | 5377 |34°2 | 380 | 254 22 o]26:10{ 3368 | 40°0 | 36:0 | 30°8 49 45|23°80 | 5813 | 33°0 | 30°8 | 26-4 22 30/26'10 | 3368 | 39°5 | 36°5 | 32°6 50 0/23°55 | G6og1 | 32°5 | 28-2 | 19°0 24 0/26°33 | 3590 | 39°5 | 361 | 31°6 51 0/2310 | 6310 | 3172 | 27°5 | 17°6 25 0/2600 | 3479 | 39°38 | 36°5 | 32°2 52 0/22°75 | 6992 |29°8 25 30}26°56 | 2905 | 40°5 | 36°2 | 30°6 53 9)22°40 | 7305 |29°2 | 25:2 | 10°7 25 45|26°65 | 2905 | 40°5 | 36°5 | 314 54 0/22°20 | 7633 | 285 | 230 18 26 ol2691 | 2554 |41°o | 37°71 | 32°2 55 0/2210) 7755 | 285 | 24°5 Che 27 0}27°05 | 2386 |41°5 | 37°8 | 33°72 55 30/2190 | 7988 | 281 | 24°5 9°7 28 o]27°20| 2268 | 42°0 | 391 | 35°5 56 of2180} 8108 | 28-0 | 241 Sr 29 027740] 2072 | 43°0 | 40°5 | 37°5 56 30) 21°60 | 8354 | 28-0 | 24°0 7°6 39 9/2745 2042 |43°0 | 41°0 | 38°6 57 O} 21°55 8416 [2775 | 23°5 4°9 31 0/27°50 | 1976 |43°8 | ars | 38°8 58 of21°50 | 8467 |27°0 | 23°0 4°6 31 30)27°50 1970 |44°0 | 42°1 | 39°8 59 0] 21°40 8499 |27°0 | 23°0 46 32 15)27°50 | 1958 | 43°5 | 42°r | 4I'o || 6 O oOf2r30 | 8714 | 26°5 | 23°0 61 32 30) 27°50 | 1930 | 44°0 | 42°5 | 40°7 SrventerntH Ascent.—January 12, 1864. 2 § ojgozro]) 42°O | 39°3 | 360 || 2 Ir 30/28-560/ 1436 | 4oro | 38-5 | 36:6 6 of. 3 Ra alee eemaisk || Si5°O 12 0/ 28-610] 1399 | 41°5 | 39°5 | 3771 NOs... & Aa Tel hive! 30d 12 30/ 28-871] 1148 | 41°5 39°5 | 37°L 8 0/29°356) .... | 41°5 | 39°0 | 35°9 13° 0} 28°713) 1336 | 41°0 | 39°5 | 377 8 30) 29°717/ 368 13 30) 28°593) 1733 | 41°5 | 39° 37°1 9 29'409] 655 |40°0 | 38:2 | 35°9 14 of 28°383) 1773) | 41°7 | 39°83 | 374 To 0/ 28°679| 1328 | 38°5 | 37°2 | 3574 15 cj) 28-313! 1787 |42°0 | gor | 37-7 TO 30/28°389| 1598 | 39°5 | 381 | 36°3 15 3c] 28°243) 1801 | 42°5 | 40°3 | 37-6 Tt 0/ 28469} 1518 | 39°7 | 38°3 | 364 16 c/ 28-163}. 1816 | 42°0.} 4or5 | 37°5 258 REPORT—1864. Taste I. (continued.)—SrventeentH Ascent.—January 12 (continued). Time of |Reading) Height Temp. | Temp. || Time of Reading) Height Temp. | Temp. observa- pe iiase the ape. of the of the observa- Res sind the ar. of the of the tion. | reduced level of Age Wet- | Dew- tion. | seduce level of | “4iy, Wet- | Dew- PM. (15 39°F the sea. bulb. | point. PeM- |t9 99°F, the sea. bulb. | point. hm s | in. feet. S = a hm s| in. feet. s = < 2 16 30] .... | (1860) |....| ---- | 39°0]] 3 6 of21944| 8346 | 26°5 | 23°7 10°2 17 0|28'073| 1903 |43'2 | 41°0 38°38 8 o]21°595| 8766 | 26:0 | 22°5 4°7 18 0}27°963| 2010 |44°0 | 431] 42°0 9 O}21°485) 8894 |25°5 22°6 72 Ig 0|27°763) 2204 |44°0 | 41°5 384 IO 0}21'296} 9104 |24°5 | 21°2 24 20 0/27°314| 2639 |44°0 | 412) 37°9 II 0|21'295| 9105 |23°0 | 19°5 |— 0°5 21 0}27°263| 2687 |44°0} 4I'1| 37°6 12 olairg7| 9217 |22°8 21 30) 27°213) 2735 |44°0 412} 37°9 13 O}21'099} 9327 | 21°5 23 0127573) 2775 |44°0 | 410) 37°5 14 O|2I*co1| 9437 | 20°5 23 45| -... | (2670) | ....] «+. 37°5 I5§ O|2I'00l| 9437 24 0|27°262| 2689 |44°2 | 41°0| 3773 I§ 30|20°951| 9500 |20°5 | I9°0 8-6 25 0|27°262} 2689 |44°5 | 41°0| 37°0 16 0}20°951] 9500 |20°5 | 17°5 |— 3°5 26 0/26'943| 3005 |44°5 | 408) 364 16 30) 20°951| 9500 |20°5 | 184 3°38 27 0| 26663) 3282 |43°5 | 39°5| 34°7 17 ©}20°921| 9536 |21°0 | 18°5 1°3 28 0 26266} 3675 |42°2 | 38%] 33°71 17 30|20'902] 9560 |21°0 | 187 2°9 28 30| 26119] 3821 | 41°5 | 362) 29°5 18 0}20°882] 9586 |21°0 | 18°5 1'4 go 0]25°890| 4044 |38°0 |} 33°5| 274 Ig 0|20°702| 9822 |20°0 | 18°5 78 31 0] 24°972| 500l | 362 33°1 | 28°5 20 o}20'402| 10017 |17°5 | 16:2 |+ 64 31 15] .... | (5200) | 360 | 32:2] 26°5 21 0} 207352] 10090 |17°2 | 15:0 |— 1°7 32 301247575] 5401 |34°2 | 31°5| 27°3 21 20|20°352] Ioogo + |17°2 | 15:0 |— 1°7 33 0}24°397| 5610 1332 | 31°5} 29°0 21 40|20°205| 10319 |16'2 | 141 |— 2°71 34 0} 24°088| 5924 |32°2 | 3II| 29°3 22 0}20°155| 10394 |15°9 | 13°83 |— 274 34. 30|23°880) 6144 | 31°5 30°5| 30°! 22 30|20°105| 10469 |15°5 | 13 |— 54 35 0/23°681| 6364 | 310 | «-.. 262 23 0|20°f0s5| 10469 |15°0 | 1370 |— 2°5 36 of23°601} 6453 |30°6 | 29°2 24 ©}|20°005| 10619 |14°0 | Il°o |—12°2 37. 01 23°531| 6516 |30°2 |} 3r°o| 11'S 25 ©}19°606) 11016 | 13°2 | 1zr |+ 52 37 30|23°282| 6802 |292 | 3o0°0| I'S 26 o|1g9'406| 11278 | 12°71 | 94 |— 2°8 39 0] 23'232) 6844 |29'2 | 3o'0 27 0|19°386| 11429 |11°5 | 92 |— 86 41 0} 23°403| 6678 | 30°0 | 30°0 27 30) 19°307| 11533 | III 92 |— 5°5 4I 30) 237433] 6650 |29°5 | 27°1 9°5 28 ol 19209] 11664 |11'2 | gt |— 72 43 0}23°385| 6692 |29°2 | 2771 29 0|19'209] 11664 |1I1 | 90 |— 73 BA! Ol paces (6790) | 29°4 29 30| 19160] 11708 |11'70 | 87 |— 7°4 45 0|23°187| 6885 30 30; 19110] 11761 | 110 | 87 |— 74 46 10)23°187| 6885 31 30| 1g'012| 11897 |11'0 | 83 |—12°7 47 0|23'087| 6984 |30°8 | 29°0 32 ol 1g'si2| 11774 |13°2 | 12°8 |+ 9°8 47 15| «.... | (7006) | 30°7 | 29°0 33 0} 19°313| 11528 47 30|23°037| 7029 34 0] 19°313| 11528 |14°5 | 13°8 83 48 0} 22"967| 7118 |30°7 | 27°8 35 ©} 19°433| 11353 49 0] 22°937| 7089 |31r | 29°0 35 30|19°663| T1071 |15°0 | 13°8 4°5 50 0} 22°738) 7277 1310 | 28°5 36 0) 19°714| 11007 Puasa Peceney Basse OHH mass Bc 4°5 36 30| 19°814| 10879 51 0) 22°608| 7448 |30°5 | 26°5 37 01 19°914| 10751 | 160 | 14°0 |— 14 52 0] 22488) 7602 |29'2 | 25°0 6°0 37 30|19°964| 10697 |16°0 | 152 |4+ 9:0 52 30|22°438| 7666 |2972 | 24°5 75 38 0}. 20°064| Io56r | 16°2 | 15°8 143 53 0|22°398| 7730 |28°5 | 24°0 6°7 38 15|20°265| 10289 | 16'2 | 16'0 14°5 54 0] 22°388) 7741 38 30|20°316| Io221 | 16-2 | 16°0 14°5 55 0|22°438| 7666 |29°2 | 2770] 19°3 39. 0|20°416| T0085 | 16:2 | 16°0 14°5 56 0227489) 7614 |29°2 | 27°71} 20°6 39 10| 20°466| 10017 | 16°2 | 16-0 14°5 57 0} 22°889) 7044 | 30°5 27°2| 17°6 39 20] 20°536| 9921 | 16°5 | 16°3 14°83 58 oj22°089| 8148 |30°5 | 2775; 18°8 39 30|20°836| 9516 | 168 | 16°5 14:3 59 0} 237039} 6768 39 45|20°916| 9408 |17°2 | I7°0 15°5 i= 3.0 of 22-439] 7666 |2971 | 25'1| 10°6 4O 0} 217016] 9273 | 18'0 | 18'0 180} | I 0\22°439| 7666 {285 | 24°5 g°0 40 30} 21°065| 9316 | 18'0 | 180 180] — 2 0|22°293|) 7932 |27°2 | 23°12 4°2 41 o|21215| 9199 | 18°5 | 18°3 169] 3 0|22°143| 8086 |27°2 | 2371 4°2 41 15|21°265| 9156 ‘ 4 0/22°043} 8189 |27°2 | 2375 6°5 AI 30|/21'415| 9026 |20°0 | 19°8 184} 5 of21°993| 8230 |27°0 | 23°5 74 41 4.5|21°515| 8939 | 21°0 | 20°5 17-r f 5 30) eevee | (8288) | oe aes 570 42 30|21°714| 8765 |21'0 | 20°5 171}, Tasie II. (continued.)—Srventeenta Ascent.—January 12 (continued). ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 259 oF ———— ee ee Reading i ¥ .| Tem Tim dimer | ote | ESE, | Tomp,| Temp | Temp || Time of tion. - eed level of ate ©) Wet- Dew- tion. PM. to 30° p,| the sea. bulb. | point. P.M. hm _sé s/ in. feet. ° ° ° om. 1s 3 44 0/21'444) 8904 | 218 | 2175 | 19°6 || 3 56 15 44 30) 22°213! 7993 | 22°5 | 22°0 | 18°9 56 30 45 0/22°433/ 7732 |22°5 | 22°0 | 18-9 57 © 47 0) 22°733/ 7447 |22°2 | 22°9 | 211 58 0 47 30/22°863] 7226 |24°0 | 24'0 | 24°0 59 © 47 45/22°963| 7136 |24'2 | 2470 | 22°99 |] 4 0 0 48 0/23°113| 6967 -|24°5 | 24-4 | 23°9 © 30 49 023414] 6640 |25:2 | 25-1 | 24°6 Io 49 30)23°713| 6313 | 26:0 | 25°38 | 24°8 E-Ig 50 0/23°813) 6204 | 26:2 | 26:0 | 2571 I 30 50 30/23°962} 6040 | 26°5 | 26:0 | 23:7 2 0 51 0/24°062} 5932 | 26:9 | 26°38 | 26-4 2 30 51 30) 24°161) 5824 | 2770 | 268] 25:9 37. oO 52 0/24°311| 5670 |27°6 | 27°3 | 26:0 3 30 52 30/24°360| 5619 [281 | 27°9 | 27°1 4 0 53 9 24°509} 5465 | 285 | 28°3 | 27°6 5 0 53 30/24°588| 5384 |29'1 | 28°83 | 27°8 ETO) 54 0/24°687| 5284 |29'2 | 29:0 | 28-4 8 o 54 30|24°827) 5142 | 30°3 | 30°3 | 30°3 8 30 55 9 257306) 4636 {31:0 | 30°7 | 29°9 9 0 55 39 25°206) 4739 | 312 | 311 | 30°8 9 30 56 of 25°804) 4121 Readin of the Barom. reduced to 32°F, ng in. Height chat the ea level of = the sea, ; feet. ° (4473) | 31°5 4224 | 32°2 3973 | 32°5 (3703) | 34°2 3433 | 3670 3384 | 36-2 3159 3091 |37°2 =e BIN (EAB 2821 | 38'0 245% | 38°5 2384 | 39°72 2096 | 39°8 1878 | 40°83 1807 |4I°o 1415 | 40° 1366 | 4o'o 1420 | 39°8 1324 |40°0 1514 | 40°4 ground | 41°8 Temp. | Temp of the | of the et- Dew- bulb. | point 312 30°5 30°8 | 27°7 32°0 3 I’o 38°5 | 38°5 38°5 | 37°6 39°2 | 38°5 40°0 3 go 40°5 | 39°9 39°0 | 365 39°5 | 37°6 38°0 | 35°7 39°5 | 376 39°8 | 39°0 40°7 | 38°83 ec a BE dl Ed OE ek OS bee ia Bee 7 cle ee) Eicutrnntu Ascent.—April 6, 1864. a). i eg 40°204 307114) 30°14 30°094 29°875 29°604 29°2.74, 28-876 28°658 28°258 27°879 27°862 27° 564| 27-245 26°817 26°649 26°490 26°152 25°373 25°724) Sey B 24°825 0) 24°296 dole sats « ©} 23°696 30/ 23°378 ©} 23°001 0} 22°834 46°0 os | |47°0 S 3 46°0 S & | | 45° 45°7 45°5 320 1 45°5 557 |44°8 867 | 42°0 1219 1405 | 40°8 1749 2161 | 37°8 2170 | 36°5 2469 | 36-0 2775 599400 1-34°5 | 3362 S507 | 3351 3884 | 32°0 4260 | 33°0 4404 | 34°2 4873 | 36°0 5251 |36'0 5827 | 36:0 (6163) | -.. 6800 | 34'2 6882 | 38-5 7281 7493 | 40°2 4371 442 42°5 42°5 42°0 415 38°7 37°2 3671 35°5 35°2 33°2 32°5 32°1 32°2 34-1 35°2 at 4 33° aL 3 6 mf 39°6 40°8 38°5 38°5 37°9 37°7 34°6 32°6 33°8 34°0 3379) 310 32°0 3973 23°7 312 28°7 32°2 327 28°5 35°4 30°6 22°329 21898 21°678 21°487 21°276 20°676 20°17 19°976 20°026 20474, 20°373 | 20°972 21°271 21°967 22°676 22°744 22'864 22'564 22°514 22°864 22°981 23/309, 24-060 24.537 24°906 25°955 eeee 8083 8594 8854 gogo 9378 Io! 55 10805 11075 10987 (10730) 10470 IooIo 9895 9513 8642 7783 7696 (7610) 7524. 7869 7947 7553 fare 7036 6153 5536 5213 4163 (4049) 47°2 260 REPORT—1 864. Taste II. (continued.)—Ercurrenta Ascrnt.—April 6 (continued). Time of |Reading| eight Temp. | Temp. || Time of ~|®¢24iM€| Freight Temp. | Temp. ober ms fie ae the eam of the of the A He Swe one the eee ofthe of the tion. = ee q| levelof o cand Wet- | Dew- tion, fediond level of | ° eg Wet- | Dew- P.M. to 32° F. the sea. bulb. | point. P.M. to 32° F. the sea. bulb. | point. h m= 8} in. feet. o ° ° \h ms] in. feet. ° ° ° 4 53 30) --++ | (3935) | -- ++ | 35° | § © 0)29°049) 106g | 41°5 | 38°6 | 34°9 54 026254) 3821 |4r'o | 380 | 34-2 I 0/29'099) 1024 | 41°8 | 38:7 | 34°8 54 3026654) 3405 | 410 | 37°1 | 32°2 2 029149} 979 |41°9 | 38°8 | 35°0 54 45|26°773| 3280 |40°4 | 36°83 | 32°2 3 0] 29°268 869 | 42°0 | 38°7 | 34°6 55 026953, 3071 |39°9 | 36°5 | 32°0 4 0/29°468| 725 |42°9 | 39°4 | 35°2 56 01277153) 2881 | 39% | 360 | 319 5 0297628) 545 |43°5 | 39°9 | 35°5 56 301277352] 2691 |39°5 | 3672 | 31°8 6 0/29°678| 497 |45°0 | 41-2 | 36°83 58 of28:250| 1836 | 39°38 | 37°71 | 33°6 7 0|29°748 ground f 45'8 59 0128670] 1437 |40°0 | 37°8 | 34°9 25 0)29°728) J 470 | 42°2 | 36°8 59 30/28°949, 1163 | 40°6 | 381 | 34°9 Nuyererntn Ascent.—June 13, 1864. 29°300| .«.- [6175 | 52°5 | 44°7 || 7 21 cl26°450] 3126 | 46'5 | 42°1 6 4 29°300] «.-. |61°8 | 51°7 | 43°1 22 026330] 3307 | -0.24 «= 7 © 10}29'250 317. |60°0 | 51°0 | 43°1 22 30|26°330] 3307 |47°2 | 44°1 40°9 © 20)29°130} 490 | 591 | 5o°r | 42°1 23 0/26°350| 3327 |47°2 | 44°1 | 40°9 © 30/28'920| 691 | 59°2 | Sor | 41°9 23 30/26°350| 3327 |47°2 | 44°0 | 41°0 I 0/ 28750 885 |591 | 50°0 | 41°9 25 0|26:240| 3407 | 48°0 | 44°71 | 39°8 I 30|28°470| 3155 | 58:2 | 50°2 | 43°0 || 26 0/26170) 3459 | 482 | 442 | 398 2 0|28°360) 1265 |57°2 | 48:2 | 4070 27 0 26°150| 3463 | 48°5 | 44° | 39°73 2 10/28'150| 1437 |56°8 | 48x | 44°1 27 30|26'060) 3536 |47°0 | 412 | 34°7 2 30|27°950| 1635 | 56:0 | 481 | 407 | 28 30; 26050; 3543 [47°71 | 411 | 344 2 45/27°900| 1685 1.5575 | 481 | 43°0 29 0} 26'05c/ 3543 |47°0 | 410 | 34°3 3.15|27°610} 1982 | 5471 | 46°5 | 3g°0 30 026050! 3543 |46'0 | 405 | 34°2 4 01277450] 2132 | 54:2 | 4771 | 4O°r 31 0| 26° le 3517 | 46:0 | 40°5 | 34°2 5 ©}27°300| 2282 |54°0 | 47°71 | 403 32.0 (3445) |--++] «+e | 3570 5 20|27°180] 2301 |54°5 | 471 | 41°6 || 32 30 26° 270 3409 |47°0 | 418 | 35°9 5 55|27°050| 2530 |52°2 | 461 | 39°9 32 45/26°350] 3349 | 482 | 43°0 | 37°3 6 0/26'950] 2630 | 5271 | 46"1 | 4o°o 33. 0|26'700| 3097 |49°0 | 44°2 | 39°0 6 30/26°800| 2780 | 5271 | 46:2 | 40°2 34 0|26°870| 2755 | 512 | 45°70 | 386 7 0/26°740| 2840 | 52°75 | 45°7 | 38°8 35 0126900) 2680 | 5r°l | 44°5 | 37°7 7 15|26°700| 2880 36 of 27'050| 2527 | 51°0 | 44°38 | 38:3 7 30|26°700| 2880 |52°0 | 45°5 | 38°9 36 30/27°050) 2527 | 51°F | 45°5 | 39°7 8 0}26°560) 3031 |51°5 | 45:0 | 39°8 37 30|26'940| 2740 | 50°5 | 45°0 | 39°4 9 0/27°650| 2937 |51'0 | 45°71 | 39°0 38 0o]26900] 2782 |50°2 | 45°0 | 39°5 10 0|27°750| 2630 38 Lo] ..-+ | (2790) | eeee | eee | 39°5 10 30)27°050] 2530 | 52°5 | 45°6 | 38°5 39 026850) 2834 | 49°5 | 44°2 | 38°5 Ir 0|27°055| 2520 |52°5 | 46:0 | 39°5 39 30) 26°830) 2854 | 50°2 | 45°0 | 39°5 II 30|27°Z00o} 2310 | 52°8 | 45°9 | 39°° 40 01267350] 2834 |51°0 | 45°1 | 39°0 I2 30|27°200] 2280 | 53°38 | 466 | 39°6 42 0|26°870| 2812 |51°8 | 45°7 | 39°5 13 0/27°150| 2327 | 52°8 | 460 | 39°2 43 026940) 2740 | 51°8 | 45°38 | 39°7 13 30/27°130] 2337 |51°5 | 45°2 | 38°8 44 0} ..+-| (2683) | 52°0 | 460 | 39°9 14 0f27°050| 2522 |51°0 | 45°0 | 38°8 45 0|27°050| 2625 | 51°9 | 46°0 | 4oro 14 30|26°950| 2604 |50°5 | 44°0 | 37°72 46 O} ...- | (2550) | +00} sone | 39°5 15 0/26°870| 2694 |50°2 | 44:2 | 37°8 .see | 27°200] 2470 | 52°0 | 46"r | 4orr 16 0} 26°700) 2854 |49°0 | 43°5 | 37°5 47 30|26'950) 2629 | 51°0 | 45°5 | 39°8 © 16 30] 267560) 3004 ata Aa 5 leg se3 48 0/26°890| 2689 | 51°0 | 45°0 | 38°8 T7 1Gl wos Caos sy) SORT MAGES) 49 0|26°830| 2740 |51°5 | 45°2 | 38-4 17 30|26°470| 3106 47" 2 | 42°6 | 37°0 49 30]26°750| 2823 |51°8 | 45°0 | 38-2 18 10|26°300] 3276 |46°8 | 42°5 | 37°7 50 0|26°650| 2927 |51°5 | 46°0 | 404 18 40) 26°320| 3296 | 46'9 | 42°70 | 36°5 50 30| 267560] 3017 | 510 | 462 | 4r'2 TO | Close. WSs ele eidieii.\| 4053 51 0|26°550] 3027 |.-.-| ---- | 39°0 20 0/261%30) 3461 |46°6 | 421 | 37°0 52 0} 267530] 3053 | 49°2 | 43°0 | 363 ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 261 TasE II. (continued.)\—Ninerernts Ascent.—June 13 (continucd.) < Readin . a Readin . Time of 8| Height T .| Temp. || Time of &| Height Temp.| Temp. obserya- ne ae pee the eae of ine of the observa- a exe ee the pe of the of the tion need level of iis ©! Wet- Dew- tion. _ Gaced level of aie Wet- | Dew- PM. |t9 30°F, the sea. bulb. | point. P.M. lig 309 F, the sea. bulb. | point. hm s| in. feet. A = 5 h m_ s|/ in. feet. ° ° 5 7 52 30 26°830) 2753 | 49°0 | 434 | 37°3 || 8 © of27°850) 1276 | 53°5 | 50°0 | 46°6 53 © 26950} 2613 |49°0 | 4g°o | 38°6 2 0} 28°350 1238 | 53°5 | 50°0 | 46°6 54 0 27°200) 2363 | 50°5 | 460 | 4173 14 o/29°'49c; (Bl | 53°3 | 49°! | 44°9 55 277450; 2003 | 51°7 | 47°6 | 4374 T5 9} 29°5¢0 és 54°0 | 50:0 | 461 §6 0/27°650/ 1923 | 53°0 | 50°0 | 47°0 §8 0/27°770| 1807 | 53:2 | S5o°0 | 46°38 Twentiern Ascent,—June 20, 1864. 66:0 | Goro | 55x 6 39 oOj27'110] 2890 | 54'0 | 52°0 | 50°0 66°5 | 59°5 | 53°9 39 30} 27°06c} 2940 | 54°0 | 51°7 | 49°5 w oO 6 10 0/29°880 on the ground AES 17 0} 29°860 65°0 | 60°0 | 55°9 | 40 O}27°C1O] 2990 |53°9 |] 51°5 | 49°2 17 30] 29°560 51r | 650 | 58°0 | 52°3 || . 40 30/27°01C] 2990. | 54°0 | 51°5 | 49°2 18 Cc} 29'280 FZ, J\O32 alee e 51°9 41 c}/26'95c} 3050 5470 | 51°5 | 49°71 18 20] 29°010/ 1022 42 0] 26880] 3320 |54°0 | 51°5 | 49°17 18 30) 28-95} 1082 | 6271 | 561 | so°9 43 c}26°780) 3237 |540 | 51°5 | 49°72 Sarat eee | 60°9 | 55°5 | 50°8 44 0 26°470) 3549 | 53°5 | 52°0 | 50°5 19 c¢ 28° 560 1462 | 60°5 55° Oo | 50°2 45 0} 26°360) 3669 | 53:0 | 50°5 | 480 19 30 (1582)! |... 2). 48°1 45 3°) 26270] 3758 | 5272 | 49°5 | 46°7 20 oO 28: 230 1702 | 582 5act Te |esara: 46 0} 26'260] 3768 | 51°0 | soro | 49°0 20 30/28°010} 2006 | 58-2 | 5471 | 50°4 47 ©| 26270] 3759 |51°5 | 50°0 | 48°5 21 0/27°910/ 2106 | 582 | 54'0 | 50°2 48 0} 26'020] 4013 | 50°7 | 49°8 | 48°8 21 30/27°340) 2236 | 58:2 | 53°71 | 48-4 49 ©O}25*910] 4123 | 50°2 | 49:2 | 48x 22 0/27°360) 2696 | 55°5 | 52°0 | 48-6 49 30/25°810] 4230 | 50°0 | 492 | 4873 23° 0/27°270; 2786 | 54°5 | 51:0 | 47°6 50 0f25°780| 4271 |49°2 | 49°2 | 49°2 24. 0/26°960! 3086 | 54°0 | 51°0 | 481 50 30) 25°780] 4271 |49°2 | 49°2 | 49°2 24 30/ 26810! 3214 | 540 | 51°0 | 48-1 51 0}25°780) 4271 | 492 | 49°2 | 49°2 25 O} «++ | (3375) | 5370 | 50°6 | 48:0 52 0 a5; 770| 4280 49" 5 4970 | 48°5 26 0/26°340) 3696 | 52:0 | 50°0 | 48-0 52 30 (4255) Bape EAT" 5 27 0/26110| 3978 | 5275 | 502 | 47°9 53. «0 25° 810 4230 49° 5 482 | 46°38 27 30/26°050) 4038 | 52:2 | so-2 | 48:2 53 30|25°810] 4230 |49°5 | 481 | 46°6 28 0]26010! 4068 | 5177 | 502 | 48-7 54 ©|25°860! 4180 |49°5 | 481 | 46°6 28 10)/25°970] 4082 | 51°2 | ag'7 | 48-1 54 30/25°910] 4130 |49°2 | 481 | 46°83 28 30/25°950| 4102 | 512 | 49°7 | 481 54 45]25°910] 4130 | 49°3 | 481 | 46°8 29 9) 257950) 4102 | 512 | 49°2 | 47°1 55 3c|26°070] 4080 | 49°5 | 481 | 46°6 39 0/25°930/ 94122 | 51'2 | 49°5 | 47°7 56 0} 26560) 3390 | 512 | 49°5 | 47°7 3° 30}25°970} 4082 | 512 | 49°5 | 47°7 57 9} 26680) 3360 | 51°5 | 50°0 | 48°5 31 of 26-040) 4oo6 | 5172 | 492 | 4771 57 30} 26840] 3187 | 52°0 | 51°5 | §51°0 32 0/26'190/ 3841 | 51°2 | 49:2 | 471 58 of27°270| 2696 |57°5 | 53:2 | 49°3 33 0/26°770/ 3242 | 52°0 | so‘o | 48:0 59 0/27°280] 2688 | 58:0 | 54°8 | 52°0 34 0/26°810) 3202 | 52:2 | 50°5 | 488 || 7 0 0 27°560 2493 | 580 | 55°0 | 52°3 35 O}27°010) 3002 | 52°38 | sox | 47°2 I of 28'oro] 2088 | 59°3 | 54°8 | 510 35 15|27°160| 2840 2 0©|28°780| 1388 |604 |] 56:2 | 52°6 36 0) 27'260} 2740 | 53°5 | 5172 489 3. 0/2896c} 061 | 618 | 57°5 | 53°9 36 30) 27°260) 2740 | 53°5 | 51°5 49°5 G6: aOlmoers o sl etehs 37 0}27°260! 2740 | 54°0 | 52°0 | soto 25 0|29°580 g / 64°6 | 58°5 | 53°4 37 30/27°260/ 2740 | 54:0 | 521 | sora 30 ¢/29°780|) £ [) 640 | 582 | 53°9 38 0)27°180) 2820 | 53:9 | 51-2 48°5 262 REPORT—1864, Tasre II, (continued),—TwEnty-rrrst Ascrent.—June 27, 1864, Time of |Reading Height Temp. | Temp. Ti g | Reading) Height Temp. | Temp, observa, Fens aac ety Or the: of the of the dimers pt ee ware the tone of the of the tion. eae d level of ae Wet- | Dew- tion. reduced| level of ir, | Wet- rei P.M. |t9 390p,| the sea. bulb. | point. PM. |i) 390 p,| the sea. bulb, | point. hm = s| in. feet. D - > hm sj] in. feet. ° ° ° 6 3r ojay'75 |) BZ [l6sx | 55°5 | 4g | 7 15 0] 25°88 | 4086 | 44-2 | grrx | 37°5 33 0} 29°75 5 }| S40 | 56+ | 4974 16 0) 25°91 | 413 | 43°1 | 40°5 | 37°4 33 30| 29°75 E> Lb} 63°0 | 54°0 | 46-4 17 0\25°91 | 413 |43°0 | goro | 364 34 0} 29°67 432 |61°5 | 52°0 | 43°7 | 18 0}26'00 | gogo | 43°0 | 40°5 | 3774 34 30) 29°64 484. |62°0 | 52°t | 43°6 18 30| 26°06 3985 |43°1 | 40°5 | 374 34. 45) 29°61 514 |6o7r | 512 | 43°4 Ig 0} 26°11 3845 35 9) 29°51 610 | 6o°r | 51°3 | 43°5 19 20)26'25 | 3795 |43°1 | 40°5 | 37°4 35 50/29°38 | 719 | 59°5 | 51°2 | 43°9 || 19 40/2626 | 3790 |43°9 | 4r°0 | 37°6 37. ol 29°21 865 | 58:5 | 502 | 428 20 0/2637 | 3680 | 44°0 | 42°0 | 39°6 37 30) 29°08 972 | 58:0 | Soto | 42°8 20 30) 26°41 3640 | 441 | 41°9 | 39°3 38 0} 28°98 To54 |57°8 | 50°0 | 43°0 20 45| 26°41 3640 | 44°2 | 42°1 | 39°6 39 0} 28°88 1138 =| 57°2 | 49°5 | 42°5 21 0} 26°46 3590 40 oj 28°81 1188 | 57°2 | 50:0 | 43°4 22 0] 26°51 3511 |44°8 | 42°1 | 38°38 42 0) 28°56 | 1493 | 568 | 50°0 | 43°8 22 15) 26°54 | 3487 |44°5 | 43°r | 41°3 42 30|/28°55 | 1497 | 56°5 | 50°a | 440 22 30) 26°57 | 3453 |43°2 | gar | 40°8 43 0/28°55 | 1497 | 562 | 49°3 | 43°8 24 01 26°57 | 3453 | 45°2 | .42°5 | 39°4 47 0} 29°18 891 | 57°0 | §1°0 | 45°5 25 0/2661 | 3423 | 45°9 | 43°0 | 41°7 48 0} 29°24 840 | 572 | 51°5 | 4673 26 0} 26°71 3322 1472 48 30) 29°35 75° |57°8 | 519 | 467 || 26 30/2673 | 3302 |47°2 | 4g'o | 41°5 49 0) 29°36 747 | 57°99 | 52°0 | 46°7 27 0/26°76 | 3277 |47°5 | 45°0 | 42°2 49 10] 29°40 717 28 0/2635 | 3187 |47°5 | 44°2 | 42°4 49 20] 29°38 714 | 58°0 | 51°5 | 43°8 29 0/2686 | 3197 |47°8 | 44°2 | 40°2 49 39) 29°37 713 (57°38 | 512 | 45°3 30 0/2690 | 3119 | 47°5 | 43°7 | 39°4 50 oO} 29°24. 841 | 57°5 | 50°9 | 45°2 31 0} 26°81 3209 |47°2 | 42°r | 364 50 30| 29°17 903 32 012661 | 3415 |47°0 | 422 | 36°8 51 30] «-.. | (980) | 57:2 | 50's | 44r5 33 0/2640 | 3527 |47°0 | q22 | 368 52 O}29°05 | 019 |57°0 | 50°3 | 44-2 34 0/26°44 | 3561 | 46°5 | g2°1 | 37°1 530 28°74 | 1309 | 562 | 50°0 | 448 || 35 012606 | 3907 |43°0 | 4173 | 39°2 54 30/2845 | 31589 |55°5 | 489 | 43-7 35 30)25°86 | grgx | 42°8 | 4r’5 | 4o"2 54 45/2841 | 1621 | 552 | 48:9 | 42-9 36 0/25°78 | 4270 | 43°0 | 42°0 | 40°8 56 0 28°38 | 1660 | 55:2 | 48-2 41°5 37 0125°61 | 4467 |43°0 | 42°0 | 40°8 56 30) 28°37 | 1670 | 549 | 48-2 | 43-2 38 9/2541 | 4661 | 43-7 | 41°5 | 338 59 30] 28°81 1188 | 55°0 | 49°2 | 43°6 39 0125°36 | 4716 |43°0 | 413 | 39°2 7 X 29°06 | 950 | 55°2 | 49°2 | 43°4 || 39 3025-28 | 4796 | 441 | 4or2 | 35°6 30| 28°98 1004, | 56°0 | 49°5 | 43°4 40 0/2518 | 4898 |42'9 | 412 | 397% 0} 28°86 1134 | 55°9 | 49°0 | 42°5 41 0/2518 | 4898 | 42°8 | gro | 38°38 30] 28°64) 1370 |55°2 | 492 | 434 || ga 30/25°18 | 4898 | 42:2 | 40°75 | 38°4 0} 28°56 | 1460 | 35°0 | 48-5 | 42-2 42 0/25°26 | 4816 |41'9 | 39°38 | 37°1 30) 28°51 | 1514 | 54°5 | 48°0 | 4r-7 42 30/25°28 | 4796 | 42°2 | 39°9 | 37°0 I I 2 2 3 3 4 of 2845 1578 |54°0 | 47°8 | 41-7 42 45| 25°36 4722 |41°9 | 38°5 | 34°3 4 30/2831 | 3714 | 5372 | 46°38 | 40-4 43 9/2538 | 4799 |41°2 | 38°5 | 351 5 0} 28°05 | 1979 |52°7 | 461 | 39°6 44 925745 | 4597 |41°2 | 38°5 | 35°72 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 30} 28°00 | 2026 | 52:2 | 46:1 | 399 44 3°/25°45 | 4597 |40°2 | 37°38 | 34°7 9] 27°97 | 2057 | 52'2 | 461 | 39°9 45 0125738 | 4699 | 402 | 37°8 | 34°7 : . 0} 25°36 | 4692 |40'2 | 37°83 | 34°7 30 27°41 | 2603 | 50°5 | 45" | 4o°3 48 02545 | 4597 |40°9 | 38°2 | 34°7 : : j ©}25°55 | 4492 |40°9 | 382 | 34°7 Oo} 27°08 2941 |49°6 | 45°0 | gorr 49 20] 25°57 4471 |410 | 38°2 | 34°7 30| 27°00 | 302% | 49°2 | 45°2 | 4or9 49 30125°57 | 4471 | 410 | 382 | 34°7 Io 0/2691 | 3111 |49°5 | 45°2 | 40°6 50 0]25°68 | 4357 |41°0 | 382 | 34°7 IO 30/ 26°81 | 3202 |4975 | 45x | 40°4 5I O}259r | 4115 | 412 | 38°5 | 35°F TO 45/ 26°56 | 3454 |48°4 | 43°5 | 38:2 52 30} 26°06 | 3958 | 42°0 | 38°2 | 33°5 II 30/2617 | 3831 |46°5 | ga-r | 37-1 53 30] 26°06 | 3958 |42°0 | 389 | 35°0 12 o/2611 | 3871 | 46:2 | gaz | 3774 53 45|26°06 | 3958 | 419 | 39°° | 3574 13 0/2601 | 3965 | 45" | 42°71 | 37°7 54 0) 26°06 | 3958 | 41'9 | 39°2 | 35°9 14 02596 | 4017 |45°5 | gar | 38:2 54 30|26°08 | 3936 |4179 | 39°0 | 35°4 ee ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 AnD 1864. 263 Tasre II. (continwed).-—Twenty-rirst Ascunt.—June 27 (continued). Reading Time of [Reading Height Temp.| Temp. || Time of Height Temp. | Temp. observa- A the above the apt of the | of the || observa- gee above the Ee ais of the | of the tion. Papedl level of ase Wet- | Dew- tion. rariGe i level of TAGE Wet- | Dew- P.M. ee 30° F the sea, * | bulb, | point, PM. |t9 39° F, the sea, “| bulb. | point. hm = s| in. feet. a hm i s feet. ° ° ° ° in. ° 7 55 30} 2606 | 3958 | 419 | 39°0 | 354 || 8 35 30/27°88 | 2168 | 47°8 | 44r2 | 4orn 56 0/2606 | 3958 | 41°5 | 39°5 | 37°70 36 0/27°84 | 2208 |47°9 | 44°0 | 39°7 56 30] 26°08 | 3936 |41°5 | 39°0 | 36'9 36 30/27°78 | 2268 |47°3 | 44*o | 39°8 58: 0126736 | 3637 |41°9 | 39°5 | 36°6 37. 0/27°76 | 2288 |47°6 | gato | 4o°0 58 30/2641 | 3588 |42°0 | 39°2 | 35-7 37 30|27°68 | 2322 |47°6 | gagc2 | 404 59 0/2645 | 3547 |41°9 | 39°8 | 3772 38 0/27°66 | 2337 | 472 | 43°9 | 402 0} 26°48 | 3604 |41°9 | 39°38 | 3771 38 15}27°64 | 2348 |47°2 | 43°9 | 40°2 30) 26°55 | 3450 |42°1 | 39°8 | 36:9 38 30/27°64 | 2348 |47°2 | 44°0 | 404 0} 26°66 | 3343 | 42°1 | 4oro | 37-4 39 27°66 | 2337 |47'2 | 43°7 | 39°8 30| 26°76 | 3244 | 42°5 | 40° | 37°0 39 30)27°66 | 2337 |47°2 | 43°5 | 39°3 30] 26°86 | 3144 | 42°5 | 40's | 38-0 39 45/2766 | 2337 |47°2 | 43°5 | 39°3 0} 26°96 | 3044 | 42°5 | 40°5 | 38°0 || 40 0) 27°81 2187 |47°0 | 43°5 | 39°5 30] 27°01 2994 |43°9 | 41'0 | 38°6 41 0} 27°86 2136 |47°0 | 43°6 | 39°7 0| 27°26 | 2744 |43°5 | gro | 380 4I 30/2791 | 2086 |47°O | 43°7 | 39°9 0}27°31 | 2694 |44°0 | 415 | 38°5 42 0/27°94 | 2056 |47°3 | 43°9 | 402 O| 27°41 2594 |445 | 42°0 | 3970 42 30] 28-01 1986 | 47°2 43°99 | 40°2 ro) °o 27°56 | 2440 |44°9 | 42°0 | 38°6 43 0/2816] 1836 |47°0 | 44°0 | 40°6 27°58 | 2409 |44°9 | 42:0 | 38°6 43. 30) 28°21 1786 |47°2 | 4475 | 41°4 30] 27°46 2529 145°O | 422 | 38'9 44. 09) 28°28 1716 |47°5 | 457 | 43°4 9 39)27°06 | 2929 | 45° | 42°3 | 38°9 44 30/28°28 | 31716 |47°8 | 44-8 | 414 Io 0/26°76 | 3229 |44°8 | 42-5 | 38:8 45 0} 28°35 | 1668 |482 | gars | 404 II 0/2666 | 3329 |44°8 | 42:0 | 387 |} 45 30/2836 | 1678 |48°5 | 4s-2 | 41°6 14 0/2651 | 3479 |43°9 | 41°5 | 38°6 46 0/2841 | 1628 |48°7 | 451 | 412 15 0/2641 | 3579 |43°5 | 41°0 | 38°0 47 0/2842 | 1618 |48°9 | a5 | 41°8 35 30/2641 | 3579 |43°5 | 410 | 38°0 48 oOo} .... | (1478) |49°1 16 0/2641 | 3579 | 43°3 | 410 | 3373 50 0) 28°84 | 1198 [49° | 455 | 41°7 17 0/2656 | 3444 |43°1 | 4ors | 3774 51 0/2891 | 114 |49'0 | 44-2 | 3970 18 0} 26°66 3349 |43°° | gor | 38°6 51 30) 28-91 1114 | 49'0 | 4470 | 38°6 19 026-71 | 3288 |43°1 | 4075 | 37°4 52 0/2898 | 1030 |49'0 | 43°9 | 38°4 20 0/ 26°76 3236 1432 | gos | 37°3 52 30] 29°06 944 |49°O | 43°5 | 37°5 27°01 | 2978 | 43°5'| go°8 | 37°6 53 29°06 | 944 | 49'0 | 43°2 | 369 27°01 | 2978 |43°5 | ars | 39°2 54 0) 29°21 779 |49°° | 43°5 | 37°5 27°01 | 2978 | 43°5 | ar2 | 384 54 15/2921 | 770 |49'0 | 44ro | 38°6 27°11 | 2878 |43°8 | ar2 | 3871 54 30) 29°26 662 |49'0 | 4470 | 38°6 27°16 | 2828 |44'0 | arts | 38°5 55 9} 29°23 698 |48°8 | 43°8 | 3873 27°16 | 2828 |44°0 | 42'0 | 39°6 55 30/2916 | 772 | 489 | 43°5 | 37°8 27°26 | 2720 |44°2 | 42°0 | 39°4 56 0) 29°06 890 | 48°9 | 43°5 | 37°8 27°27 | 2710 |44°5 | 42'2 | 394 56 30) 28-91 949 |48°6 | 43:2 | 37°3 27°56 | 2434 1452 | 43°2 | 40°9 57 0) 28°66 | 1245 | 48°8 | g2°8 | 36-2 27°66 | 2337 |45°0 | 43°0 | 40°7 57 30) 28°56 | 1363 | 48°5 | 42°3 | 3575 27 30/27°71 | 2289 |45°9 | 43°0 | 39°7 58 ofa84r | 1540 |47°9 | 422 | 35°9 28 0/27°76 | 2241 | 46°0 | 43°9 | 41°5 58 30) 28°31 | 1658 |47°0 | qz°o | 3674 28 20/27°78 | 2221 | 4670 | 4375 | 40°6 59 0/2826 | 31717 1465 | 418 | 364 28 30/27°81 | 2199 | 462 | ago | 41°5 59 30/2816 | 1843 |46°0 | 406 | 34°4 29 927796 | 2151 | 462 | ago | 45 || 9 0 15) 27°36 | 2651 | 472 | 410 | 341 29 30)28°0r | 2003 |47°0 | g4tz | 4o'8 0] 27°06 | 2954 |47°5 | 42°2 | 363 29 45/28°06 | 1955 |47°0 | garr | 40°8 30|26°78 | 3244 |46°5 | 42°7 | 384 30 0/2808 | 1937 |47°2 | agra | 4o°8 0} 26°81 | 3214 146-7 | 42°5 | 37°7 “30 15) 28°08 | 1937 |47°1 | 44:2 | 409 0) 26°31 | 3517 | 469 | airs | 35°5 30 30/2815 | 910 |47°5 | 44:2 | 40°5 30]26°06 | 3964 |46:0 | 4rr2 | 35°7 3I 0] 28°18 1831 |47°5 | 44°2 | 40°5 O}25°91 | 4019 |44°8 | gor5 | 3575 32 0] 28°18 1831 147°7 | 44°7 | 414 0} 25°78 | 4166 | 44°5 “32 30/2816 | 1884 |47°9 | 44°6 | 4o'9 0} 25'06 | 4956 32 45/2816 | 1884 | 48-0 | a4r5 | 4o°6 0] 24°66 | 5396 33 0] 28°11 1936 |48'2 | 44'7 | 40°8 0} 24°06 | 6168 33 39) 28°06 | 1988 | 48:2 | 44-9 | 412 3° 0/2996 | ground | 465 | 45:2 | 43°8 34. 9 27°95 | 2098 |47°8 | 44*5 | 40°8 nv fo) uo nN N w ooooo0o0 0 0Mm0 0 ONDA PWW DH Hw 264: REPORT—1864. Taste IT. (continued).—Twenty-srconp Ascrnt.—August 29, 1864. Time of |Reading Height emp. | Temp. || Time of pene i Temp. | Temp. observa- yaa above the He i, of the of tie iene a se the pet of the of the tion. Pear level of Air, | Wet- Dew- tion. reduced Jevel of ‘Aine Wet- | Dew- P.M. to 32° F, the sea. bulb. point. P.M. to 32° F. the sea. bulb. | point. h m_ s| in feet. ° 3 ° h m_ s|] in. feet. ° ° ° 4 6 0} 29°64 | ground | 72°5 | 57°0 | 45°4 || 4 42 0] 18°34 | 13675 | 34°2 | 33°5 te BO 29654: 444 |72°0 | 57° | 45°7 46 0/17°94 | 14293 | 35°2 | 3170 25°3 7 30) 29°26 769 |712 | 57°2 | 467 47 © 17°94 | 14293 | 35°2 | 30°7 235 8 0/2849 | 1484 |71°0 | 56:0 | 45°2 47 30) 17°92 | 14317 |35°5 | 30°5 | 22°8 8 30] 28°10 1883 | 64°2 | 55°5 | 45°6 48 30/17°84 | 14415 |33°2 | 312 27°0 9 9 27°54 | 2433 | 64°5 | 53°0 | 43°6 49 0/17°74 | 14581 | 33°2 | 3170 | 27°0 IO o| 26°84 3166 |62°2 | sro | 414 49 3°117°74 | 14581 | 34'2 | 30°9 25°1 10 30/ 26°59 | 3427 | 61°0 | 49°5 | 39°5 52 01 17°89 | 14330 | 33° | 30°5 25'5 II 0) 26°34 | 3632 | 6o0°5 | 48°5 | 38-0 52 30/1792 | 14281 | 33°0 | 30°70 24°0 II 30) 26°09 | 3837 |58°5 | 47°2 | 37% 53 ©} 17°94 | 14248 | 32°3 | 281 | 18°9 12 0/25°79 | 4412 |562 | 46-2 | 36-9 54 3c) 18°04 | 14086 | 32°0 | 261 | 22°5 13 0] 25°80 | 4404 | 55°0.| 460 | 37°74 RCH uel are Se Bo tire || sed 30 14) O25 AO 4|\agole. elus2eselts-O. | gEIns 56 0] 18:04 | 14086 | 29°5 | 22°0 |— 2°4 15 0) 25°44 | 4635 | 532 | 471 | 410 57 ¢|t8oy | 13991 | 28°5 | 2271 |— 1°6 16 6/2536 | 4730 | 54°2 | 49°2 | 44°3 58 30/1814 | 13895 | 29°90 | 2270 |— 374 17 0| 25°29 4808 | 54°3 | 49°2 | 44°2 59 0] 18°26 | 13730 | 30°0-| 23°71 |+4+ 14 17 30| 25°06 5066 | 54°2 | 48°5 | 42°9 || 5 © of 18:29 | 13688 | 310 | 22°5 |— 4 18 0/ 24°86 | 5289 | 54:2 | 48°5 | 42°9 I 30/18°74 | 13016 |30°0 | 22°0 |= 3°2 19 0] 24°53 5664 |54°2 | 51:0 | 47°9 | 3 0} 18°84 | 12866 |31°0 | 22°7 |-4+ o4 20 0 24°44 | 5767 | 54°2 | 482 | 42°3 7 0)20°64 | 9943 |34°0 | 28°9 oie 23 39] 23°79 6513 | 51°2 | 4570 | 38°6 7 3°|20°79 | 9868 | 34°2 | 29°0 19°9 24 0| 23°49 6858 | 51°2 | 4570 | 38°6 9 2°05 | 9740 | 36°2 | 30°2 21°2 25 0} 23°24 7158 | 512 | agar | 37°1 II oj} 21°42 9268 | 362 | 30°5 22°0 26 0} 22°96 | 7496 | 51°0 | 42°5 | 33°6 II 30) 21°52 | 9143 | 37°2 | 30°5 31! 26 30} 22°89 | 7578 | 50°2 | 40°5 | 30°2 I2 0)21'65 | 8981 |37°8 | 30°9 31°7 27 0|22°54 | 7994 |48°9 | 389 | 2871 14 0/22°34 | 8146 |41°2 | 32°0 20°5 28 30) 22°34 $224 | 45°0 | 37°2 | 2871 14 30] 22°69 7726 |41°5 | 31'°8 19°7 28 45/2214 | 8454 |44°2 | 37°71 | 28°7 15 0|22°74 | 7666 | 4170 | 31°8 20°2 29 0)22°04 | 8568 | 43°2 | 36°5 | 28°5 16 0}23°00 | 7352 |42°5 | 32°0 19°2 29 30] 21°92 8719 |43°2 | 3670 | 27°4 17° 0| 23°29 7018 | 44°2 | 33°5 20°9 30 30] 21°44 9322 |42°0 | 362 | 29°0 17 30] 23°69 6558 |45°5 | 382 29°6 3I 0] 21°34 | g610 -|41°2 | 3670 | 29°5 18 0/2418 | 5996 |47°0 | 42°8 381 32 0] 20°59 | 10575 |41°2 | 36°0 | 2975 Ig 0/25°26 | 4815 |49°5 | 46°2 43°0 32 30) 20°46 | 10744 | 40°5 | 35°0 | 28:0 20 0}25'49 | 4550 | 51°2 | 48°12 44°9 33 0/2036 | 10875 | 40'2 | 34°8 | 27°8 21 012570 | 4326 | 5275 | 48:1 | 4376 34 9/19°94 | 141 | 36'0 | 28'5 | 16°7 22 0/2614 | 3857 | 53°5 | 49°5 | 45°° 36 of 19°64 | 11813 | 35°5 | 26:2 | 12°71 23 0/2674 | 3225 | 54°2 | 4g°1 44°1 Zo) POO ‘OV set 2ZO60n 8 4402 1280.) arr 25 0/2674 | 3238 | 582 | 49°5 416 39 0} 18°94 | 12773 | 32°8 | 2772 | 16:0 | 26 | 28°c6 1902 39 30) 18°82 | 12944 | 32°38 | 26:2 | 13°70 || 27 0/2854 | 1417 | 64:0 | 55°0 47°5| 39 45| 18°84 | 12924 | 33°2 | 25°5 | I0°0 / 32 0 ground | 69°0 | 57°2 47°9| In every ascent a second thermometer has be 29°36 A used to check the accuracy of the readings of the dry thermometer, and the truthfulness of the tempera- tures shown by it; in some of the ascents a delicate blackened bulb thermo- meter was placed near to the place of the dry-bulb thermometer, fully ex- posed to the sun in cloudless skies, or to the sky at all times: the readings of this instrument were nearly identical with those of the dry-bulb thermometer in clouded states of the sky, and thus acted as an additional check. At all times one or the other, or both Regnault’s and Daniell’s hygrometer, have been used sufficiently often at all heights to show whether the wet-bulb thermo- meter was in proper action, and to check the results given by the use of the dry- and wet-bulb thermometers on the reduction of the observations. Tn all cases the readings of the dry-bulb thermometer for the temperature of the air and the temperature of the dew-point, as found from the dry- and ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864, 265 wet-bulb thermometer, have been adopted, without combination with similar results otherwise derived, excepting only when thé wet-bulb failed to act either at times when the temperature of the air had just descended below the freezing-point, or just ascended above it, and when I have had occasion to apply water to the wet-bulb at such times the dew-point as found from - either Daniecll’s or Regnault’s hygrometer has been used. § 5. Variation or TemPERATORE or THE Arr wiTH HeEIcut. Every reading of temperature in the preceding Tables, or the means of small groups of readings when observations have been taken in quick succes- sion, at about the same altitude, was laid down on a diagram; all these points were joined, and a curved line was drawn passing through or near them, giving an equal weight to every point, and such that the area of the spaces between the original and adopted lines on one side of the adopted line was equal to that of the spaces on the other side of the line. The curves thus formed, for the most part, in the previous experiments have shown a gradual decrease of temperature with increase of elevation, and a gradual in- crease of temperature with decrease of elevation; but this was not the case this year, and I have not been able to adopt any curves for January 12 and April 6. On the other days of experiments, a curve of assumed normal temperature has been adopted, and by comparison between the results as read from this curve, and the observations at the same elevations, the places and amount of disturbances are shown in the following Tables. The numbers in the first column show the height in feet, beginning at the ground and increasing upwards ; the numbers in the second column show the interval of time in ascending to the highest point; the notes in the third column show the circumstances of the observations; the numbers in the fourth and fifth columns the observations and the approximate normal temperatures of the air; and those in the next column the difference between the two preceding columns, or the most probable effect of the presence of cloud or mist on the temperature, or of other disturbing causes in operation. The next group of columns is arranged similarly for the descent, and the other groups for succeeding ascents and descents. 266 dl REPORT—1864, Taste III.—Showing the Temperature of the Air, as read off the curve drawn through the observed temperatures, and as read off the curve of most probable normal temperature, called adopted temperature, and the calculated amount of disturbance from the assumed law of decrease of temperature. Fourrerenta Ascent. Temperature of the Air, 1863. TN : 3 Ascending. | Descending. Height, in feet, above the mean | Caleu- |! preg level of the sea. |Between! _.. Ob- lated |/Between|_.- Ob- ate! what | CtcuM-|" served eres effect of || what prea? served Send effect of times, | St@nces. temp. | ‘°™P: |disturb-|| times, | St@2¢es- temp. * | disturb- ance. | ance. August 31. gan +) 4 5 Cirri if $ 3 8000 shining.| 34°09 | 33°9 |-+ O'1 higher. | 34°° | 34" aS) 8 Very i ; = = 38°0 a5°6 + pas 7900 Bg, SK | 34°71 35°. |. 05 || 2S 38°3. | 372 J+ 3 a~™ | cloud 295) 38° 383 |+ o1 ™ O | near us. Aad 9 6000 © oi meee ag Or egerl 2 - O79 et 5000 SO | very | 42°38 | 495 J+ 131] GS ; F M : ; ell 2 n basin 3 ; . 4000 SS | cold. | 45°2 | 44°6 |+ 0°6)) 3 cc ofclouds.| 475 | 479) |4-.0'5 ee) : a 3000 a s 475 | 476 |— o1 % | Justin! 43:2 | 43°5 |— 03 2008 Above | 51°3 | 50°7 [+ 0°6 Scatae ; F 3 1000 cloud. | 54°9 | 53°99 |+ 10 oficlouns 46°3 “6a oP Enter- above. | 49°9 | 49°4 |— 04 ing into + : . ground. wie 64°0 | 64°0 fovfe) sia, gee tu 2.000 Sug 50°0 3B g In | 50°2 | 50°2 o'0 1000 Bane ae oleh roar || B Bp 9 ROEE Le 61°01 58 Eee eta ground. pep leaped hah ee) ss cs me | 53's | 53@ |— o-4 August 31,—The decrease of temperature within the first 200 feet of the earth in this ascent is very remarkable, no such rapid decrease having been found in any other ascent: on the ground the temperature was 64°, and by the time 200 feet was reached a decrease of 8° had taken place, the tempera- ture at 200 feet being 56°: from this height, up to 1200 feet, there was but little change ; and above this the temperature decreased from 2° to 33° in each succeeding 1000 feet, till 7000 feet were passed, when the balloon entered a relatively warm current of air. On descending, but little change of temperature was experienced in passing downwards from 7000 to 5500 feet; then there was an increase of 22° in passing from 5000 feet to 4000 feet, and 1°-7 from 4000 feet to 3000 feet ; the temperature then gradually increased to 49° at 1000 feet; at 860 feet it was 49°-8, and on descending to nearly 800 feet it was 503°; on reascending to 1000 feet it increased to 51°, but decreased to 50° at 2000 feet. The balloon then turned to descend, the temperature increasing to 51° on passing downwards to 1000 feet, the same temperature as in the last ascension, and to 533° on the ground. er 1863. Height, in feet, above the mean level of the sea. |Between Gipcunae Ob- Sept. 29. 16000 15000 14000 13000 12000 11000 10000 gooo 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 ground. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864, 267 Tasie III, (continued.) Firreenta Ascent, Temperature of the Air. Ascending. Descending. Cale Caleu- late Between| ,- Ob- lated E Adopted Circum- Adopted dimes. |°"9€25+ temp | tM |itseurh:| chee, |stanees-| fene | temp. |Ststurh: ance: ance. io} ° °o fo} ° ° 10 25 es mat 16 1°6 oe See ee eS la shining| 4°8 | 4°8 oro shining.| _7°5 72 |+ 03 brightly. 775 74 |+ ol ° 14°5 | 1o°5 [+ 4°0 = 1572 | 110 |4+ 4°2 A No sun-| 1499} 13°5 [+ 14) 2 17:72 | 14:2 |+ 3:0 2) Clouds ; B . . - . . 1 . s mee, 169 | 164 |+ o5 % 20°O | 17°93 |+ 2°7 ” A faint) 204. | 19° | 2|| % 22°9 | 20°5 |-4+ 24 “O\. lense | 2302 | 2272 | 12 % 2570 | 2374 |4+ 1°6 i} clouds | 26°0 | 25:0 |+ 1°o ae 28'2 | 26°3 |4 1'9 oe aboveus.| 29°70 | 28'r |-+ o'9) © El 311 | 29°5 |+ 16 ah Clouds oy a soe 322 | 310 |+ m1 S 33°2 | 32°6 |+ 06 g below. 3 3 35°6 | 34°72 |+ 174 rs) Bois. |) Sa07, o"o i 37°38 | 372 |+ 06) B 38°7 | 386 |4+ o1 ae 41'°8 | 4072 |+ 1°6 41°5 |°4274 |— o9 faint, | 45°° | 43°3 [+ 17 47° | 46°83 |+ 02 Misty all 45°5 46°5 |— 1'o . ° c! round. 480 | 49°99 |— 1°9 * B : September 29.—On leaving the earth the temperature decreased from 48° on the ground to 453° at 1000 feet, and to 1° at 16,000 feet ; a warm current haying been met with between 12,000 and 13,500 feet. On descending a warm current was passed extending from 14,000 feet to 9000 feet, and afterwards the temperature increased constantly with decrease of elevation till the ground was reached, 268 REPORT—1864. TasxE IIT. (continued.) SrxTrentH ASCENT. Temperature of the Air. 1863. 3 Ascending. Descending. Height, in feet, above aa mean Caleu- Calcu- level of the sea. | Between! _. Ob- lated ||Between|_- Ob- lated what |CiTCUM-) coved pata effect of || what Crew served pipet effect of times. | Stances. temp. P+ | disturb-|| times. ‘| temp. P- | disturb- ance. ance. October 9. s A ‘ i‘ A j 5 7.000 S|! clear | 31° | 30°4 |+ 0°6 30°7 | 30°7 o"o 6 a 6 : +9 ||"s Clear : : i 000 o &) sky. | 31 215) Si O59) ae Pai INN) ai oo 5000 Spa 35°O | 350 | o'0|/ "BP ny | 33°6 | 33°6 oro ayeile ese Mist 39°8 | 38°6 |+ 1-2 3°36 35:89) 35°09) or 3000 Fa ‘col land | 42°2 | 42°2 oro], S 5 39° | 3774 |+ 1°6 2000 SET 46°38 | 45°8 |+ 1°o g 1000 + 49°8 | 5o°0 |— or2|/F ground. 54°5 | 546 |— on “s al 3000 41'0 zs eves || gages 40°5 2000 a3 ++ [hs 3) Athin | 43°5 5 Ss mist. 8000 3 28°5 | 285 fohze) as 7000 oe. 29°8 | 30°3 |— o'5 = } 6000 gis, 32°38 | 32°99 |— o1 i 5 5000 & or 35'S 35° o°0 a = . AR. aay . 400 FASnE-| suaten| 38° | 384 |— 04 Ee afoels a ldryness.| 42°2 | 41°2 | 10 Bo 2000 cra) 44°38 | 43°8 |+ 10) 2s. | October 9.—The temperature before starting from the ground on this day was 545°, decreasing gradually on ascending till the height of 7300 feet was reached, where it was 30°; the balloon then turned to descend, and the tem- perature increased gradually to 42° at 2300 feet. On reascending the tem- perature was found to be 393° at 3600 feet ; it increased to 45° on descending to 1500 feet, and on again ascending declined to 28° at 7200 feet; the decline of temperature after this was very slight, but it became too dark to read the instruments, so that no observations were made either at the highest point reached, or during the descent to the earth. There were neither warm nor cold currents met with on this day. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 269 Tasre IIT. (continued.) SEVENTEENTH ASCENT. Temperature of the Air. 1864. : + Ascending. Descending. Height, in feet, Cag ae mean Calcu- ey level of the sea. | Between| ,. Ob- lated ||Between! ,.- Ob- late what pears] served Adopted effect of | what wane served e ve effect of times. | *°°°S*| temp. * | disturb-| times. “| temp. P+ | disturb- ance. ance. January 12. Fine a 3 reg’ 4 i v 11000 owe naar thin, | 23°6 10000 : 189 Clouds | 26°6 Misty. a above coo 23°6 3 and | 20°0 7 A 3 5 below 8000 £, | Colder | 28°0 “z | Snow. | 22:9 ® |current.) — os Near 7ooo a 30°8 ] cloud 24°9 mh Very C 6000 8g 32°8 te misty. | 29°O 5000 &, | Cloudy. 3674 = 30°0 4000 Es 38°2 os 33°0 3000 S| Cloud. | 44-8 » | Misty. | 36°8 E Calm “ cal and a) : 2000 ie tages 5 39°1 sense, ke 1000 Sensibly 391 : ground. ae anaes Misty. | 41-8 Erentrente Ascent. April 6. 11c00 6 36°5 390 19000 E | Sun | 35°0 og 44°3 9000 4 warm, 34°4 iP 4s Very 46°2 & | 8 warm. 3 8000 i 39°0 46°2 7000 3 Blue | 38°7 + 46°0 6coo + sky. | 35% os ee 43°9 5000 £ 360 a cloud 43°0 4000 ° Fog. (133° ¢ 41°8 30co z _|wetting.| 33°6 nw 39°7 . sem + Below 2000 + ing : e . | clouds, an sS cloud. 39°7 is) misty. =} a ¢ ? FA 4V'7 407 Very | : misty. | 45°5 45°8 January 12.—The temperature of the air before starting was 413°; it de- ereased very slowly till 1300 feet was reached, a warm current was Pihea met with, and at 3000 feet the temperature was nearly 45°, being 31° higher than on the ground, and for a space of 3000 feet in height the “temperature was higher than on the earth; it then gradually declined to 11° at 11,500 feet, and remained at about this degree till the highest point was reached ; on de- scending it gradually increased with decrease of elevation, till on reaching the ground at 4"10™ it was 41°-8. The results on this day are so remark- able that no adopted temperature has been attempted. April 6.—This ascent is remarkable for the small decrease of temperature with increase of elevation. The temperature of the air was 452° on leaving 270 REPORT—1864. the earth, zt did not decline at all till after 300 feet had been passed, after which it decreased pretty gradually to 33° when 4300 feet was reached; a warm current was then: entered, and the temperature increased till 7500 feet was attained, being of the same temperature as has been experienced at 1500 feet high, viz. 40°, then decreased to 34° at 8800 feet, and then in- creased slowly to 364° at 11,000 feet, a temperature which had been ex- perienced at the height of 2170 feet in ascending. On descending the temperature increased about 5° in the first 1000 feet ; remained at about that temperature till within 7000 feet of the earth, then gradually decreased to 40° at 3000 feet, remained at about this point till 1500 feet of the earth, and then increased to nearly 46° on the ground, The observed temperatures on this day are so remarkable that no adopted tem- peratures have been made. Taste III. (continued.) NINETEENTH ASCENT. 36 Temperature of the Air. 1864. Ascending. Descending. Height, in feet, aaa fe mean Caleu- Caleu- evel of the sea. Between). b- lated ||/Between|,- Ob- lated what [sence served apentel effect of || what Pere’ served aes effect of times. ‘| temp. P- | disturb-|| times. | 5“ *|. temp. P- | disturb- ance, ance. June 1 3: 2 g om ° ° ° ° ° ° 3000 ey Ea BL ied BRS o'o Clear.) 514 | 51°5 | —ovr 2000 Sa Z 542 | 54°5 | —9°3 1000 Pe ee a ground. ar (S) 61°8 61°5 +0°3 3000 48'r | 481 oro 49°6 | 494 | +o2 co 3000 51°0 | 51°0 feptey da 49°0 | 49°2 | —o'2 2000 Fo a 517 | 519 | —o'2 1000 ~ 3g S42» |) Sade = ground. 5S 54°0 | 54°0 rohte) June 13.—The temperature of the air on the ground before starting was 62°, declining with increase of elevation till 3000 feet was reached, where it was 513°; on descending ‘the temperature was found to be 54° at 2300 feet; the balloon then reascended, the temperature declining gradually to 3100 feet, then began to increase, being 483° at 3450 feet, but declined to 47° by passing upwards to 3540 feet ; on again descending it increased evenly till at 2700 feet, it being there 51°, and remained about the same for 200 feet > on reascending the temperature scarcely differed from 51° till 3000 feet was gained, when a sudden decrease of 2° occurred in 35 feet; then began our final descent, the temperature remaining the same for 400 feet, then increased to 513° by 2000 feet, and to 53°-2 at 1800 feet, below which there was scarcely any change till the earth was reached. This fact of no change in the temperature of the air within 1800 feet of the earth at the time of sunset was very remarkable, for it indicated that if such be a law, the law of decrease of temperature with increase of elevation may be reversed at night for some distance from the earth, ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 271 Tasxe III. (continued.) TWENTIETH ASCENT. Temperature of the Air, 1864. Ascending. " Descendin g. Height, in feet, Caleu- Ree above the mean |Between| ,. Ob- lated | Between/,,. Ob- ate 1 of th 2 Cireum Adopted h Cireum- d Adopted fect of |’ level ofthe sea | what fotances| = temp. (ecto | WRAE eancen | Gated |tem. [fect of ance, ance. June 20. | , 3 : ° ° S 7 4 ° 18 n oa) n I’2 I'l ol 4000 Se eS 524 | 514 | +10 = i Eee 5 3000 © oy rie 54°0 | 54°0 oo || “% F | Out of | 529 | 53°9 | —1°0 8 = | cloulds coe cloud. 2000 ae 581 | 58x ool] B 1000 ~ | Misty. | 62°4 | 62°4 o"0 ground. 665 | 66°6 | +orx el 1 In ; : 4000 | e 8 clouds sank 514 —0'8 i A | cloud. | 49°9 | 5° pai 3000 B48 540") 53°9 | F021 ES benace| SFP | 545 | — 4 a 09. ne 8 an see 2000 ame Do | the | 61x | 59°38 | +23 oO 5 e& | earth. t 1000 S | Misty. | 62°0 | 62°38 | —o'8 ground. Bos 64°6 | 64:7 | —o'71 Twenty-First AscENT. June 27 3% g a Very 5000 a a 42°3 | 41'7 | +0°6|| SS | misty. | 42°3 | 41°7 | +0°6 4000 pe] 43°% | 43°7 O70 || w 5 41°6 | 416 foe) gooo fay | Su" | 494 | 482 | +12|| ‘ae 42°7 | agro | —1°3 2000 a4 524 | 522 | +or2/| oF 47°90 | 47°74 | —o'4|: L000 5 > | misty. | 56°7 | 569 | —o2|| B 5 48°9 | 48:9 o'0 |: ground, | & = 63:0 | 67°51 Ss 4000 Paar 45°09 | 44°8 | +02 3000 goa 46°38 | 46°8 o’o 2000 oH, 46'7 | 47°6 | +o'9 1000 co ral 48°5 | 48°5 oo ground, © 9 a June 20.—The temperature of the air on the ground before starting was 663°, which declined very gradually to 4100 feet, where it was 51°. On descending it increased gradually till 2700 feet was reached, it then being 54°. On ascending to 4200 feet, the temperature fell to 493°. On de- scending for the last time, it increased to 61° at 2000 feet, and to 643° on the ground: this was about one hour before sunset, showing in the last 2000 feet an increase of temperature of 3°, thus showing that the usual law holds good to this time, but apparently with far less energy, as on ascending the decrease of temperature in the same space was three times as large, or 9°. . June 27—On this occasion the temperature was 63° on the ground, gradually decreasing to 1000 feet, where it was nearly 57°, then declined 13° in 200 feet, then gradually to 2600 feet, when a comparatively warmer current was met with, the temperature declining only 14° in the following 900 feet, 272 REPORT— 1864. decreased more rapidly in the next 600 feet, and remained nearly stationary during the following 900 feet, it being at 5000 feet rather more than 42°, On descending it slightly declined in the first 300 fect, then increased slowly till 2000 feet, after which it was nearly stationary till within 400 feet of the earth, where it was 49°. On reascending it declined very slowly till 4000 fect was attained, it being then 46°, after which it became too dark to read the thermometers; this was a matter of great regret, for the balloon passed above 6000 feet ; the tempera- ture was found to be 463° on the ground. Tas iE IIT. (continued.) TWENTY-sECOND ASCENT. Temperature of the Air. 1864. Ascending. Descending. Bete in feet, Calcu- | pei above the mean |Between| ,.- Ob- lated | Between] ,.- Ob- ate level of the es. | ‘what |stancen| S004 |"emp. Beef | WBE | tanenn| seed "tomy est of ance. | ance, August 29. ° ° ° | ° ° ° 15000 g 33°09 | 32°99 | +o7r 33°0 | 32°99 | or 14000 =f 34°8 | 33°38 | +1°0]]| 29°0 | 3371 | —4°1 13000 % 33°0 | 35°3 | —2°3|| § 30°7 | 33°7 | —3°0 12000 o 3555 | BOS alo reg ns 319 | 343 | —2°4 11000 ce : 39°72 | 38°5 | +0'7]| x a | 3277 | 349 | —22 10000 + ey 4r'o | 41'0 oo}| & = 33°38 | 36°38 | —3°0 = am F = 8 2 °, gooo + out | 4271} 434 | = o'7 1 |, A 37S ge neem 8000 2 3 48:0 | 4670 | +2°0]/ 9 st || 42, oiaqnez oro 7000 2 = Sir | 48°38 | +2°3 | § = 44°3 | 4470 | +03 6000 a 5 Soa [58°F *| A157 wn 2, 469 | 47°0 | —o'1 5000 & O | 544 | 54°38 | —o4] | | 4g'o | Sor | —1'7 4000 2 5055 | pee | — os, & 5 3 4537 ee ay. 3000 = 62°8 | 61°8 | +1°0 58°5 | 5774 | +41 2000 = 674 | 65:3 | +16|| © 61°8 | 61°0. | +08 1000 2 71'0 | 70'°o | +10] B 65°5 | 6570 | +0°5 ground. 72°5 | 7493 | —1'8]| 69°0 | 69:0 oo August 29.—On the ground the temperature of the air was 723°; on as- cending several warm and cold currents were passed through; the tempera- ture was 33° on reaching the highest point, viz. 15,000 feet ; on descending the increase of temperature to 14,000 feet was as much as 4°, having en- tered a cold current which continued till 9000 feet was passed; from 8000 fect the increase of temperature was very regular, and continued so till the earth was reached. vies ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 273 It is very clear from the numbers in the following Table, that they differ very much from those in previous years, and that they cannot be combined, or all used in deducing general laws. The ascent on August 31 was made in the evening with a partially clear sky, and the results are somewhat abnormal. Some of the numbers in January 12 and April 6 are affected by + signs, circumstances never before met with; on June 13, at sunset, no difference was found within 2000 feet of the earth ; and those of June 20, made a little before sunset, and those of June 27, made a little before and after sunset, all seem to differ from the general laws as found by experiments made when the sun is situated at a good altitude. The only experiments this year which can be combined with previous re- sults are those of September 29 with a cloudy sky, those of October 9 and August 29, mostly with clear skies. It is certain from the numbers in this Table that there are at times, in the higher regions of the earth’s atmosphere, spaces subjected to great cold,’and others to considerable heat; and from the notes made at the time of passing through clouds, that there exist some clouds of very low temperature, and some, as those of January 12, of high temperature. The presence of such either cold or hot currents passing over the country must play an important part in all our meteorological phenomena, and must exert a great influence upon our climate. , The numbers in columns 24 and 26 show the mean results from the experi- ments of the year, the former when the sky was cloudy, September 29, and the latter when clear or mostly clear, on October 9 and August 29. The numbers in column 25 show the number of experiments upon which each result in column 24 is based; at heights up to 5000 feet these vary from 13 to 22, at 6000 feet and 7000 feet to 5 and 7, and to heights exceeding 7000 feet to 4, these having been made on two days only, viz. June 26 and September 29, 1863, on which days the balloon was frequently enveloped in fog and clouds to the height of 3 and 4 miles. The numbers in column 32 show the total number of experiments upon which the numbers in column 31 are based ; they vary from 7 to 17 up to the height of 23,000 feet, and there can be but little doubt that the numbers in column 31 are very nearly true, and approximate closely to the general law. Above 24,000 feet the number of experiments are too few to speak confi- dently upon them, but they are in accordance with the series below this ele- vation. The numbers in column 28 show the decrease of temperature at each 1000 feet increase of elevation with a cloudy sky, they differ from those in column 31, showing the decrease for the same space with a clear sky, the former being smaller, the latter up to the usual height of the cloud plane, and are nearly alike above that plane, but the observations of cloudy skies at heights exceed- ing 5000 and 6000 feet, are too few to place great confidence in them. In forming the last six columns of the following Table, no use has been made of the observations taken on July 17, 1862, August 31, 1863, J anuary 12, April 6, June 13, 20, and 27 of the year 1864, ‘The results on all those days are abnormal ; I defer studying the results on these days till I can com- pare them with some confidence with the general laws, which may be found to hold good at times of the year at which they were made ; their study then will be profitable, and probably fruitful in yielding valuable results. The numbers in column 30 show the average increase of elevation at every 1000 feet for a decrease of 1° with a cloudy sky; from these we see that up to 1000 feet the average space is 223, the space for each 1000 feet in- creasing, till at 22,000 feet it requires more than 1000 feet for a change of 1° of temperature. 1864. T 274 REPORT—1864. Taste [VY.—Showing the decrease of Temperature August 31, 1863. Ree ae October 9, 1863. ae Mi April 6, 1864. June 18 Height above State of the Sky. the level of the nese [Ee td rou lsu ft. Clear| below | yyice || Cloudy. Clear. Misty. Cloudy. Clear. above, | 3000 ft. » | £ |] & | ol #] eo] F] of so] Pl] 2] BY ol 2 Fl4ai}4|a\4)4/s/4] 6/2) 4] 24| ss Ee 8 8 3/838] 8! 3 # | sil gs 8 g| 3 3 Sd oe si gi-3} 38) 28] 8/8 87 #7 8) am From | To 3 Aa Fa 2ial4ial< 4ajall 4 a 2/aA ft. ft. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° o ° 28000|29000] ... ae mn ie Rr cal | hecicte (cciol O Fe ey | ees 27000|28000| .«.- wi mee ROSE A eeeeee| Dee «es oe hoc! |i owe 26000|27000| ... tae oy eepelbysewennd| Peeel d! Sen Webs Ay resepailfesbull omeaetdl. amas tem oem 25000|26000}] ... ees Fa Sepa devel Iibcet. 4,988. | Bas Soria Reree Wade an 24000|25000| «+s ene Soc Ssottlrecsjilasenul) seaigl acne || eester lteeell ineete fee {fees | eal 23000 | 24000 eee see abe see see wee one eee eee oes one eee see eee 22000|23000| ... wae as Fee He VSM ICTSEE EA SeRMCY eS CHIP Wek CRN eee |e lake eee iteew | eam 21000|22000] ... es bis ood llewwet Hl 8S Yorvne i Fetcdlley esene aep [ihtamereligveneiall eee [rom 20000] 21000] «.s. : . Pe err eR Steal bce | [Gere : a Ig000]20000] ... “a Ve : eee : Baoan kes nae soe oom 18000|Ig000] ... see Ae Remalianet || tote |lreadun Tacs PP els fc | ia eee ‘ot | om 17000|18000] ... ats bas RGA ides Tos ot Woke faien Jaa} abe Hee wee coe | oom 16000/1I7000} .. tee mei pe pc oe cee [eee |] one oo 15000] 16000} ... 2:8 | 372 a lls sem cee oes eee oat 14000 | 15000 2°g| 2°6 se | eee «| eee «| oe . 13000 | 14000 2 Nak . ve lf” see | eee 4 : oes 12000] 13000] - ... at 3°0| 3°2 ry Pat ars ae ah soe IIl000|1I2000} ... 2°9| 3°1 sbeill ieee spell fe wall] Glens oe ood I0000|II000} 4... A = 2°83} 3°2 sein par 4°83) g4:o||—1°5 | 5°3 g000|Io000} ... ae a 2°9| 2°9 “A Ss 4°7| 3°4||-0°6| I°9 8000] gooo] ... nee see 2°9} 2°9 coe | aoe 4°4|2°9|/4+4°6| oro oes 7000} 8000} 1°3 1°6 3°01] 3°2]] .. | oe | 18H} 2°78} 2:0] 073 |—o'2 |! ... 6000} 7000} 29 1°6 eee || 29] 3°r |] 24] To] 2°6 |} 2:0] 4°t|]—3°2 |—2°E | wee | aoe 5000] 6000} 2°4 1°6 we 3:2] 3°1}] 2°5| 19] 2°76} 3°6 | 3°0\|+0°5 |—0'9 |) wae | oe 4000] 5000] 3°1 22, 3°0| 2°9 || 3°6| 2°3] 2°9]} 1°38) 3°8)|—30]/—1°2 11 . * 3000] 4000} 3°0 2°5 3°0| 3°g || 3°6] ... | 2:8 ]4-6°6 | 2°3/|-+-0°6 |—271]/ ... 2000] 3000] 3°1 2°83 aoe 3°] 4°4|] 3°60] o. | 2°6]—1°O| oe 3°99} OO}] 3:0] 2 1000| 2000] 3°2 1 1°3 || 3°2| 5°70 |] 4°] vee —4'7 |... |] 4°2/+2°0]] 4:0] 2% ©} Loco] gt rc : 3°4| sri] 4°61] ... « T274.]...]] 3°38 /+47 |] 370] o As on oo ~J ies) We} _— S i ae io bo — jes) _ No, of Col, ity 2, a. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 275 _ in every 1000 feet of elevation up to 29,000 feet. General Means (omitting July 17, 1862, i June 20, 1864. June 27, 1864, |/Aug. 29, Mean, Aug. 31, 1863, Jan. 12, April 6, June 13, ; 1864. 20, 27, 1864). a te BN ee i State of the Sky. ee as ee BO aE De ciey Be g = Cloudy. Clear. Partially Clear. || Clear. § 2 Hi (2 Ey a. ’ vy : a : A : FA S 8 Space S | Spae o| © a ee fell ele 5 5S ‘S | Passed "S 9 | passed ee 3 3 3 420 |eP llics! ae te 5 ee] fora 58| fora : 5 5 e s (EE /8 |/2 I. 1s gq |2 9 | decline j | 2 | decline ge) 3 si 8) 2 (22/8 /2/2 |e /8] glee] ome |) 2] Ee | ore 4/84 Al =| 8 l4}4lais lz lela | s jag B28 ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° feet. ° feet Prayer | Wei : Meta sé ahd oak 5 o8} 1 | 1250 s “ : sacil) fone ase Ooi xr | TTT ; - Peet | Fay a I‘o| 1 | 1000 : * Bee || Wrsae : 1"0/ I | Iooo F oe oop pee . Tf, 2" |" 909 . A weet | foal ack BEL iol eae |e ize 40 - o8} 2 I250 || r°o| 4 | Iooo . 3 68!) saqdE250 |] rn) 7 | ort Pe TEs B20 BOLD it aie |) 183g ave “ -{1 O9] 21 gog |] 13} 7 | 77% * F eee coo ll I°4] 21 775 || 1°5| 71] 666 ey dee: | seal] em wes |] 0°39) |) tes 7 iN | el Ws Fh 588 +0 see [cee feos} eee ff 12] 2 1 833 || r°9] 7] 526 oa seo} oo 13°C] Zi...) ZI] az 4 477 2°2 9 455 set |] see | eee | eee 1 O"Q/ 0°21] 2°8) 2 /lors] 2/1 2°0/ 4] soo |] 1°7 9 588 see |] see | cere | eos |] 1°5) 076) 3°4) 2 |) reo] 2]] ag] 4 435 || 2°0| 11 500 see |] eee | nee | oo [| 175] 076 3°) 2)) Lo] 2} 22!) 4] 455 || 22] rr | 455 see | ese || 2°O/ O°!) 3-0] 2/1 1-3] 2]! 2:2 4} 455 || 293] 11 | 435 Sodas se | os 2) Bongo] zi 2°of 2) 22) 4 lage ll 261 ag | 385 ree |] see | see Jove 1 2°4) gil arg) 2 |/2°2) 211 22) 41 455 || 24] 121 417 see J see | soe | one [1 2°6] 275] 2¢9] 2 |] 2°96} ail a2] 4 455 || 2°5| 12 | 400 tee |] see | eee | one |] 2°8) 2°8i geal 2 Il arg] 3 |] ang AM T4AI7-\| 2:7) 2 371 =: sre | ee 1 2°9] 3°OH] gro} 2 |) 2°3) 5 || 2-7] gs 371 || 2°5/ 15 | 4or tie erst sais cee 2 271 5 32) cal ars | abl x7 | 485 se 20 On ee 13°21 363-0) 2 I gal 5H 3°3| 23 303 |] 2°99] 12 | 345 4°3|| 4°0 |-+2°4 | 2°0!/ 3°7| 3°71] 3-4] 2 3°5] -4|| 3°4] 20 | 295 |] 3°3] 12 | 304 5°3|| 40] 174} 0°8) 40} 3°6]| 38] 2 3°5| 4]| 3°7| 22 271 || 3°8| 11 264 370] 47 | 25 | 09) 42) gro 473) 2 || art] 3] 3°6| ax | 278 | 4:7] 9 | 233 B9|| 19] 02) --- {1 4°3) 4°0]] 4°3]. 2 4-3} 3 4:5| 17 | 223 || 6:2| 9.| x62 18. 19. 20. 21. 22, 93. 24, 25, 26. BT 28,298 US0P ar ali32. 183. tT 2 276 REPORT—1864. In the last column of Table IV. the same results are shown for clear, or nearly clear skies, and they show that a change of 1° takes place for an average increase of 162 feet ; this space gradually increasing to 1000 feet at 23, 000 feet. By comparing the numbers in columns 30 and 33 together, the different spaces required to be passed through for a decline of 1° of temperature in the two states of the sky will be readily seen: up to 23,000 feet it is necessary to pass through a much larger change of elevation with a cloudy sky for a decline of 1° of temperature than with a clear sky. Crovpy Sxy. By adding together successively the numbers in column 28, we shall find the whole decrease of temperature from the earth to the different elevations ; the results with a cloudy sky are as follows :— feet feet feet. From 0 to 1,000 the decrease was 4 5, or 1° on the average of 223 2,000 Pr 8: he oe 247 ef, 3,000 re 11:8 2 255 . hs 4,000 Pr 15-2 sy 263 Ss 5,000 . 18:5 4 271 A 6,000 3 21-7 > HT 7 7,000 os 24-4 ‘5 287 3 8,000 Si 26°8 z 299 5 9,000 x 29-0 i 311 Pe 10,000 5 31:2 ‘5 321 sf 11,000 > 33°4 35 329 eS 12,000 > 35:6 35 337 55 13,000 as 37:8 - 344 a 14,000 5 40-1 ‘3 349 a 15,000 if 42-1 o> 356 ep 16,000 Al 44-2 ay 362 a 17,000 3 45-4 5 375 55 18,000 = 46:7 Bae ies 386 5 19,000 - 48°1 - 395 ms 20,000 HE 49-0 i. 409 35 21,000 Pe: 50-1 35 419 3 22,000 55 50:9 " 432 5 23, 000 51:7 op 445 These results, showing the tithe decrease of temperature of the air from the earth up to 23,000 fect, differ very considerably from those with a clear sky, to be spoken of presently, The numbers in the last column show the average increment of height for a decline of 1°, as found by using the tempe- ratures of the extremities of the column above. To 1000 feet high the average is 1° in 223 feet, increasing gradually to 1° in 445 feet at 23,000 feet. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 AnD 1864. 277 Crear Sry. By adding together the numbers in column 31 in the same way the following results are found: — feet. feet feet ° From 0 to 1,000 the decrease was 6:2, or 1° on the average of 162 r 2,000 : 10-9 p 184 " 3,000 3 14:7 <5 204 ie 4,000 - 18-0 w 223 sn 5,000 c 20-9 i" 239 “ 6,000 . 23-5 - 256 - 7,000 i? 26-0 +; 271 ‘ 8,000 ¢ 28-7 y 279 e 9,000 is 31-2 i‘ 289 Fes, 10,000 F. 33-6 a 298 os | 11,000 ., 35°6 i 309 » 12,000 4 37-9 tj 317 » 13,000 i, 40-1 " 324 » 14,000 s 42-1 tf 333 » 15,000 ‘ 43-8 4 343 » 16,000 is 46-0 i 348 en 17,000 i 47-9 =i 355 » 18,000 o 49-6 ¥ 363 » 19,000 . 51-1 : 372 » 20,000 t 52-4 fi 382 » 21,000 : 53°6 if 392 » 22,000 4 54-7 is 405 » 23,000 : 557 A 413 » 24,000 if 57-0 « - 422 «25,000 is 58-1 a» 431 » 26,000 ‘ 59-1 « 441 » 27,000 ; 60-1 . 449 » 28,000 * 61-0 % 459 » 29,000 i 61:8 . 469 » 80,000 A 62:3 is 482 These results, showing the whole decrease of temperature from the ground to 30,000 feet, differ greatly, as just mentioned, from those with a cloudy sky. The numbers in the last column, showing the average increase of height for a decline of 1° of temperature from the ground to that elevation, are all smaller than those with a cloudy sky at the same elevation. Lach result is based upon at least seven experiments, taken at different times of the year, and up to this height considerable confidence may be placed in the results ; they show that a change takes place in the first 1000 feet of 1° on an average of 162 feet, increasing to about 300 feet at 10,000 feet ; in the year 1862 this space of 300 feet was at 14,000 feet high, and in 1863 at 12,000 feet high, there- fore the changes of temperature have been less in 1863 than those in 1862, and also less in 1864 than in 1863; but the experiments have all been taken at different times of the year. Without exception the fall of 1° has always taken place in the smallest space when near the earth. To determine this space, and also the law of de- crease near the earth, all the observations-of temperature of the air up to 5000 feet were laid down on large diagrams, and a line was made to pass through them, giving equal weight to every observation; the result at every 200 feet was then read out, and in this way the next series of Tables were formed. 278 REPORT—1864, Taste V.—Showing the Mean Temperature of the Air at every 200 feet up to 5000 feet.—FourtEnntH ASCENT. Temperature of the Air. 7883 Ascending. Descending, Beene in feet, above the mean Caleu- Calcu- level of the sea. | Between] ,.- Ob- lated ||Between/q: Ob- lated Circum- Adopted Circum- Adopted dimes, (stanees.| fern | temp. |ercrb: | imes. [800% fenmp, | €™P lai ccurb. ance. ance. August 3r- ° ° ° ) ° 5000 428 | girs | +173 In basin) 33°9 | 38°8 | --orr 4800 43'2 | 42°2 | +1°0 of 392 | 391 | +orx 4600 43°6 | 42°9 Ee! —— 39°6 | 39°6 o"0 4400 Ve 45°1 | 434 o'7 etting| 4o°r | 40°% [ohfe) 4200 ed 452 | 44:0} +172 eo 40°7 | 40°6 | +o'r 4000 % 45°2 | 44°6 | +0°6 a Fane Gal 4r5 ard Hos 3800 Gs 452 | 45°2 he. g cloud. | 441) 415 | —O'4 3600 Ms 46°3 | 45°83] +0'5|| & |inwhitel 42°19 | 42°0 | +o7 34.00 O: 47°90 | 464 | +06 > | mist. | 4294 | 42°5 | —ocr 3200 a 474 oe +04 7 a ne 43°0 ae : : a. cade a) eee set |S loeemnml 175 | 450] oo mines | me wD, on our 477 ae 5 B above, 3 : 3 2600 ae} level. | 507 | 48°8 | +1°9 on ila ee a 447 | +o71 2400 F eR? SO AO tees =) 451 45% ya 2200 ns 5019: | See) Ooi 457 | 457 | 90 2000 51°3 | 50°7 ait ee (stratum 46'3 46°3 0 1800 = 5r9 | 514] +05]! 5 of | 46°99 | 46°99] oro | 1600 & 52°4| 52°0] +04]]| © | clouds} 47°5 | 47°5 o°0 ; 1400 3 |ahoe| 52°83 | 52°6| +o2]] above. 48°0 43°1 —orr ; 1200 2 |clouds.| 53°3 | 532 | -or|] B 48°3.| 48°38 | —o'5 1000 FH | Rnter-| 54°9 | 53°9 | +1°0 49°° | 49°4 | —0'4 } 800 inginto| 55°7 | 54°8 | +o'9 50°3 600 cloud. ae 55°99 | —o7 53°7 400 56:0 | 57°74} —1'4 q 200 560 | 594 | —3°4 . ground. 64°0 | 64:0 o'o , 2000 5o°0 oan 30 50°'2 | 50°2 o’o 1800 50°6 al ie pt 50'4. | 504 o’o 1600 2 50°3 ‘5 emir 5075 | 50°5 oo 1400 | 50°9 ae : O°5- | BO 4 Oe nes | E Inetoues. 510 “a 2 be ti gos | srr | —oG 1000 Be 510 Sg B} mist. | 51° | “gies | =0'5 800 eR Be 50°5 f : BE 53°1 | Sato | Lacs 600 a = we bh. mis i} 53°7 | 52°5 | +12 400 i He ad Me 53:7 |p SSO | OT 200 ahs “iA Sal ASH 534 | 52°74 | +1°0 ground, 15 Ahad OMA de | 53°5 | $39 | —o%4 ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 279 TaBLE Y. (continued.) Firtrents ASCENT. Temperature of the Air. n863. Ascending. Descending. Height, in feet, above a ee Caleu- Caleu vel of the sea. |Between Ci reum- Ob- Adopted lated _||Between| (; ee | eles Adoptea|_J2ted Sines. |stances,| Ser | temp issn] dimes. | *tmees} ferme | temp. (yee ance ance September Eo: ° ° ° ° ° ° 5000 35°6 | 34°2 [+ 14 aa7. | 35-24 eS 4800 36:0] 34°7 |+ 13 36°0 | 36°0 foe) 4600 366 | 35°3 |+ 313 36°8 | 365 |+ 03 4400 371 | 36:0 | 1 . 376 | 37°0 |+ 06 4200 Fi 37°4 | 36°6 |+ o8 as 38°5 | 37°38 |+ o7 4000 3 37°8 | 3772 |+ 06 os 33°7 | 38°6 | O17 3800 % 33°6 | 37°83 |+ o8 te ee 33°4.| 392 |— 08 3600 ” 40.0 | 384 |+ 1°6)| on 38°5 | 39°38 |— 13 34.00 ER 412 | 39°70 |4 2°2 B ve 40°3 | 40°7 |— 04 3200 = 41°7 | 39°6 |4 21 & = 412 | 416 |— o4 3000 TK Ae 41°8 | 4go'2 |-4+ 1°6 Es eee 41°5 | 42°4 |— o'9 2800 2 ane | AZ fh 408) |= 829 Wc Ag 42°2 | 43° |— O'9 2600 F 43°38 | 414 |+ 24] 3 431 | 43°83 |— 07 24.00 3 44°90 | 42°r |+ 1°9 B 45°0 | 44°7 |4+ 03 2200 a, 450 | 42°7 [4+ 231) 2 464 | 45°38 |+ 06 2000 + 45° | 43°3 J+ 17) © 47°0 | 468 |4 02 1800 ie 45°9 | 43°9 |+ Ir 3° 48-0 | 47°83 |4+ o2 1600 g 45°0 | 44°6 |4+ 04] 49°0 | 48°8 |4 o-2 1400 iS} 45°0 | 45°2 |— 02 || Re 5070 120 Fe Mistyat| 45°° | 45°99 |— °9]| . » 51°0 T0900 round, | 45°5 | 46°5 |— 10 5 518 800 460 | 471 j— 11]| * 52°6 600 471 | 47°7 |— 06 53°4 400 47°8 | 48-5 |— 07 54°5 ge 47°9 |. 49°2 |— 13 557 ground. 48°0 | 49°99 |— 19 569 Srxreenta Ascent. October 9. 5000 35°0 | 35°0 oo a 33°6 | 33°6 oo ao ty, | 357] 358 |— o7]] g 34°0 | 3x7 |+ 2°3 4600 pa 25) 387 | 2°51 op 34°5 | 33°6 |+ o'9 4400 SO 3e 637-4 — Orb ee 35° | 340 |4 ro _ cS dele Aen fetes ae 33°8 | 34°5 |— 07 4000 F 39°8 33-6 + 12 s 35°8 35°9 fb O'l oe a 40°8 | 393 |+ 1'5]) & 365 | 35°5 [+ 10 3600 3 412 | gor f+ 11 + 370 | 35°99 |+ 11 3400 & _ | 485 | 408 + o7l oo a75)| 39 5.\-- 29 3200 s Mist | 41°9 | 41°5 |-+ o'4/| * 38°3 | 369 |+ 14 — Ny over | 42°2 | 42°2 o°e}) 390 | 374 |+ 16 ae : "| 42°81 42-9 |— ol] 40°7 | 37°99 |4+ 2°8 0 | 43°1 | 436 |— o'5|| & se | 4I'o ee S 450 | 44°3 |+ o7]| 'D 2200 a 457 | 450 |+ o7|| B ae g 46°38 | 45°38 |4+ 10 1800 af 477 | 466 |+ 11 1600 g 481 | 4774 |+ 07 1400 Ez 48°3 | 48:2 |+ 06 1200 49'1 49°1 [owe} res 49°38 | 50:0 |— or a 52°5 | 50°99 |+ 16 lofe) 52°7 | 51°9 |4+ o8 ae rks + o2 Ph Ss FOG grourfd, 54°5. | 54°6 |— ox (se scot ale IE UI aaa a 1 RITE a Zs UE et 2) UN cl 280 TABLE V. (continued.) SrxTEENTH Ascent (continued.) Temperature of the Air. 1864. Ascending. Descending. Height, in feet, oe ae mean Caleu- Calcu- evel of the sea. | Between! ,. Ob- lated || Between| ,.- Ob- lated Cireum- Adopted Circum-| | Adopted rat [stances $e5ve4 |'temp. [Gretel] canes, ( tamees| tomes | temp. |gnect ot ance. ance. Oct. 9 (cont.). fe 6 ° ° ° ° 3200 ie} 40° ae Ee 40°3 3000 ad a 41'0 : 2 40°5 2800 8 ag 42°5 oO ae 40°9 2600 = e 42°8 eu 413 24.00 wa, ae ~ | @ s 41°9 2200 a eee = “4 42°4 2000 | Bes ; 43'5 1800 aed . 5 A thin 44°4 1600 a Ne SE a 44°5 1400 oe = 44°7 5000 355 Wi so05 ae 4800 : 361 | 361 foe) 4600 zt 36'9 | 36°9 oro 8 4300 m, 372 | 371 |+.01 = 4200 cn 2558 (37°83 oo = 4.000 Es 38°0 | 384 |— 0% ee 3800 yt 38°5 | 39:0 |— O'5 s 3600 rv) 394 | 396 |— 072 3400 te) 404 | 401 |+ 073 =. 3200 ; Asud-| 41°3 | 40°6 |-+4+ 07 ‘x 3000 a den dry-) 42-2 | 41°2 |-4+ 1'0 = 2800 », Messe | 43.3 | 4x8 | 15 er 2600 PY 44°4 42°4 + v2 = 2400 & 44°7 | 42°9 |+ 18 5 2200 me 44°38 | 43:3 |+ 15 o 2000 ray 44°8 | 43°38 |4+ 10 = 1800 q 44°38 | 44°3 |+ 0°5 E 1600 EA 448 | 44°8 oo 1400 a 44°7 | 4573 |— 06 SEVENTEENTH ASCENT. Jan. 12, 1864. 5000 3674 =A Very 4800 36°6 PA ap {| ee 4600 37°0 ; g 4400 373 . 3 4200 Sudden | 37°3 am | 4000 - change | 3 8-2 - > 3800 q of temp.) 41°5 . ns 3600 a 42°5 = oy 3400 BS 43°0 ” Fs) 3200 4 442 st B 3000 a Calm | 44°8 “0 s 2800 8 mae AAS : AN ¥ “5 a wee fH |"sense. | 44° +. 24.00 a, 44°1 5B 2200 Es 440 xo} 2000 a Quite | 43°8 : =] 1800 S warm. | 43°0 be =} 1600 8 4U'l ¢ ; 1400 Ns Sensibly 40°5 eo warm, 38°9 1000 391 800 8915 600 39°7 400 40°7 200 AN ground. 41'S ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 281 Taste V. (continued.) EIGHtrentH ASCENT. Temperature of the Air. sic Ascending. Descending Height, in fect, te rel of the sea. {Bet Ob Gated _||Bet Ob ee the ea. |Between| circum- ~, |Adopted|_ 33°0 g 410 3400 OE 4/335 410 3200 x wetting. 33°5 & 40°1 3000 ay 33°6 x 39°7 2800 S 35°0 ra 39°2 2600 p= 36°5 54 eee B 39°5 24.00 | Very 36°2 eee : a 39°5 2200 e misty; | 37° a 39°6 2000 centering) 37°5 a Below | 39°7 1800 a, | cloud. | 33.3 ~B | cloud. | gorr 1600 F 39°5 ss) 40°0 1400 iS 40°8 B 40°4 1200 oy 41°I one ae 40°8 1000 Very | 41°7 aes eee 41°7 800 Segre |e es 424 600 44°2 ae ane 43°2 400 45°72 xr nee 45°2 200 45°5 mae Ar 45° ground. 45°5 | ead 45°38 NInEereentH ASCENT. June 13. st ky . 3000 SES: SES oo}) aS SUA 5a |Sn OF 2800 524 | §2°3 (+ ox |S 7B 516 | 51°7 |— OF 2.600 52°7 | 52°77 |— o5 |B a 52:2 | 524 |— or2 2400 g SA aa pe meneul Hes oe SS.h ob 53:3 eis aC 2200 a 54°0 | 53°6 |+ o4 we ZQEO g 54°2 | 54°5 |— 073 1800 oo 55: | 55°2 |= oF 16co a ead 5671 | 5671 070 1400 i) eas | 56"9 ||| 77x t= 0 1200 aL 576 | 57°38 |— o2 Ioco g 53°8 | 585 |+ 03 Sco ° 591 | 589 |+ o2 600 eal 5972 | 594 |— o2 4co 597 | 59°83 |— 07 200 60°3 | 60°5 |+ 03 ground. 61°38 | 6175 |+ 03 3400 EE 48'0 | 48:0 oo Sy 47°70 | 468 |+ o2 3200 eres 46°99 | 47°70 |— or || VS 48:2 | 48°5 |— 03 3000 aa 8 48-1 | 481 oo |/Ee E 49°6 | 49°74 |+ 02 2800 g2 2 49°6 | 49°5 |4 or/|/> BE 50°38 | 50°38 fohie) 2600 Sam BOS Ei ahOunN O-siil) Sa 51°0 | 51° Coho) 24.00 + 5r2 | 51°5 |— 03 es: 282 REPORT—1864, TABLE V. (continued.) NIvETeentTH ASCENT (continued). Temperature of the Air. 364. Eyre Ascending. Descending. eign in feet, above the mean Caleu- Calcu- level of the sea. |Between|,:...4_| Ob- |4 dopted Tated Between|oisoum-| Ob-_ |Adopted lated dimes. [stamces.| Sano. | temp. lGisrarb-\| games. | s##€es.| emp. | temp. (Sistua. ance. ance. June 13(con.). > if 3 a z é 3000 51°o 510 loko) = 49°0 49°2 ee 2800 515 | 52°5 o'o 3 49° | 49°5 |— O°5 2600 BLO) (P5170 O70 B 49° | 50°0 |— 08 2400 . vee eee ay 503 5055") o°2, 2200 wn srt | 5170 |4 OF 2000 “s 514 |\seic5 =a O'2 1800 Ss : 53°3 | 52°38 |+ 05 1600" 5 - | 53°7 | 534 |+ 03 1400 Ss - | 1538" | i537 “fee Oe 1200 © : 53°99 | 53°38 |- o7 1000 = - | 54°09 | 53°9 |+ oF 800 * 54°0 | 54°0 [oxe) 600 mS . 54°09 | 54°0 o"o 400 8 54°0 | 54°0 rose) 200 ims 549 | 5470 o'o ground, 54°0 | 54°0 o’o TWENTIETH ASCENT. June 20. In 5 F : ; . ‘ 4000 52°74. | 51°4 |-+ Io te 5 512 | 51°4 |— o'2 3800 clouds. | bo-7 | 519 |+ o2 aS woo) Seas egal — weer 3600 524 | 52°4 ool] ow B +. | 52:6. | Siero 3400 : 53° | 532 |— orl] BS] .. | 519 | 515 |4+ O74 3200 g 540 | 53°5 I+ O5]| SS 52°0 | 52°0 oro 3000 a 54°0 | 54°0 oro || BE 52°9 | 53°9 |+ to 2800 to 54°3 | 547 |— 04 © 53° || S3i Saale O35 2600 4 55°99 | 55°55 |+ 04 2400 rt 571 | 566 |+ o5 2200 5 585 | 574 |+ o7 2000 it Ease Nene roe) 1800 a 581 | 587 |— 06 1600 > 591 | 59°95 |— 0% 1400 a 60°8 | 604 |+ 04 1200 = 617 | 615 |4+ o-2 1000 8 62°4. | 62°4. foxe) 800 ey 63°0 | 63:2 |— o2 600 64:2 | 6470 |+ or2 400 65:2 | 64°9 |+ 073 200 6670 | 65°38 |+ o2 ground. 6675 | 666 |— ot Se a SS ee ne Po Cee ee eee re . a ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1868 anv 1864. 283 TaBxe V. (continued.) TwentietH Ascent (continued). Temperature of the Air. be Ascending. Descending. Height, in feet, above the mean Caleu- Caleu- level of the sea. pete Chests ces Adopted|, Laie Bese Circum- Ob- Adopted pose. shat stances | seve temp. leach) cmt, [stances S22 | tem. nan ance. ance, June 20. 6 rs a 5 q > 4200 Bes Gor 19500 oro 49°3 | 49°6 | —0°3 4000 sae 50°6 | 51:4 | —o'8 49°99 | 50°2 | —0'3 3800 2A 50°9 | 52°0 | —I1°1 50°2 | 51:0 | —o'8 3600 . cee 53°2 | 52°6 | +0°6| 50°8 | 51°38 | —1°0 34.00 | or 53°77 | 53°72 | +05 aj 512 | 52°6 | —1°4 3200 iy 54°09 | 53°6 | +04]| & 52°70 | 53°5 | —1'5 3000 = 549 | 53°99 | +0°1 B 541 54°5 | —0'4 ata a 53°99 | 540 | —o'L roa) is 55'5 1°39 2600 a “Ee ae an wv 58'0 | 56° 14 24.00 re * 58°38 | 57°77 | +11 2200 2 As Gor2 | 58°7 | + 1°5 2000 2, Be 6rr | 59°38 | +1°3 1800 + ‘e 6o°9 | 60°6 | +03 1600 ie ee 60°7 | 61:2 | —o'5 1400 = > 60°5 | 61°7 | —1'2 1200 a 6rr | 62°2 | —1'1 1000 B F 62°0 | 62°38 | —o'8 800 E Ceid jane 62°6 | 63°0 | —o%4 600 ot 25 ae nF 63°2 | 63°5 | —o%3 400 zed sas ae oie 64°0 | 6471 | —ovr 200 ere sta see ae 64°3 | 64°5 | —or2 ground. aah ee as er 64°6 | 64°7 | —orr TWENTY-Frrst ASCENT. June 27. 5000 42°3 | 41°7 | +0°6 «- | 42°3 | 41°7 | +0°6 4800 43°33 | 41-9 | +14 Bee 41°5 | 41°5 Coffe) 4.600 43°3 | 422 | 41°12 sea OP Ee Sige, [oe) 4400 43°1 | 42°7 | +04 ee | 402 | 42 oro 4200 42'9 | 43°0 | —o'r gan 249 1] 403 o'o 4000 43°7 | 43°7 "0 vee | 41°6 | 41°6 "0 3800 e 44°7 | 44°7 [ohe) tai ae 41°99 | 42°0 | —orl 3600 A 46°0 | 45-7 | +03]| #2 =| 4270 | 4275 | —ors 34.00 i 46°8 | 466 | +o-2 5 .. | 42°2 | 43°0 | —o'8 3200 is. 48:0 | 474 | +0°6]| ~~ ws | 42°5 | 43°5 | —10 3000 a awe 494 | 482 | +r2]| «ay | 4287 | 44t0 | —1°3 2800 3 49°5 | 49°0 | +0°5 z 43°5 | 446 | —1'1 2600 Py 501 | 498 | +03 Ss 44°5 | 45°93 | —o'8 2400 Ms 50°9 | 50°6 | +03 °, 45°2 | 46°0 | —o'8 2200 a. 517 | 524 | +03] & 462 | 46°7 | —o'5 2000 * ta) 52°4 | 52°2 | +02 8 47°O | 474 | —o'4 1800 & 52:O) |p 5a,0 |) oF ||, oS 47°5 | 48°0 | —o'5 1600 8 53°4 | 53°83 | —O4]] og 47°6 | 48:3 | —o'7 1400 5 54°r | 54°6 | —or5 B .. | 482 | 48°7 | —or5 1200 54°8 | 55°7 | +01 : we | 48°5 | 48°83 | —0°3 1000 56°7 | 569 | —o'2 -- =| 48°99 | 489 oo 800 59°5 | 582 | +13 + | 49°O | 49°0 oro 600 610 | 59°38 | +12 «- | 49°70 | 49°0 (ore) 400 62°5 | 62°0 | +0'5 foe we IL 40S 200 Ee Atay Ht eee Thebaljloon thjen ground. | “as Le et ... {turned |to asce|nd. 284 REPORT—1864. Tasre V. (continued.) Twenty-First Ascent (continued). Temperature of the Air. 1864. Ascending. Descending. Beara on = Ted’ IiBet ob Tated level of th . | PeEWE’D) Circum- -, |Adopted|_ tate etween Circum- ~, |Adopted| atte ey nas, |stancen| Sire emp. eet ces. (S866 Gomme | "MD uae ance. ance. June 27 (con.). ie : m7 le ° ° ° 4000 eee = i "2 3800 vue 46°3 | 45°2 | +11 3600 se 46°38 | 45°7 | +171 3400 g eae 46°7 46°2 +0°5 3200 a 46°7 | 46°7 oo 3000 5 46°83 | 46°83 rove) 2800 py 47°° | 47°0 o"o 2600 Cy 47°2 | 47°2 oo 2400 £ |... | 4770 | 4773 | —0%3 2200 oy oe | 46°38 | 47°4 | —0'6 2000 a mee) |) 4.Gr7 | oa7s6 foe) 1800 = see WAOrs) eager e——Or3 1600 & we =| 47°93 | 48°0 | —O'7 1400 g oo. | 48:2 | 48°2 | —o'9 1200 2 Fe 48°6 | 484 | +02 1000 al coe | 48°5 | 48°5 foMe) 800 ete 48°5 | 48°5 foe) 600 vee =| 48°6 | 48°6 oo 400 oe | 48°4 | 48°4 o'o 200 ground. TWENTY-SECOND ASCENT. August 29. am 54°4 | 54°38 | —o'4 49°0 | Sor | —I'I 4800 54°4 | 55°4 | —r°0 500 | 50°38 | —o'8 4600 53°0 | 560 | —3°0 50°38 | 515 | —O'7 4400 : COG a aakaey || See 52°0 | 52°2 | —o'2 4200 q BHO | 5754) | = O-4: 52 5) Sao cal oe On 4000 a 57-5) Ses 1 —e8 53°0 | 53°7 | —O'7 3800 coe 580 | 58°38 | —o'8 ce 540 | 54°4 | —0O%4 3600 = 59°5 | 59°5 oo} 3 551 | 55°% o"0 3400 is 614 | 603 | +11] & 554 | 55°99 | —o'5 3200 a pe) [pOtaa Weemony | horse 3 = Q | 57°6 | 566 | +1°0 3000 = “a 62°8 | 61°38 | +10] & 8 585 | 57°4 | +11 2800 = 2 631 | 62°5 | +0°6| fe et | SQ eee Eso. 2600 g ira 63°8 | 63:2 | +o06|/ Oo = | 59°38 | 588° | +1°0 2400 ay q 6570 | 642 | +0°8 < = 60°5 | 59°6 | +o0'9 2200 ce) = 66°6 | 6570 | +1°6 wn & | 612 | 60°3 | +09 2000 = © | 67:4 | 65:8 | +1°6|| is : 61°8 | 6rro | +08 1800 Xe) 68°6 | 66-7 | +19||. %y 62°5 | 61°7 | +08 1600 a 69°9 | 67°6 | +2°3]] +3 63°0 | 62°4 | +0°6 1400 g 70°7 | 684 | +23 8 64°9 | 63°2 | +08 1200 = 710 | 692 | +1°8 64°5 | 6470 | +0°5 1000 FA 710 | 7o°o | +1°0} 65°5 | 65:0 | +0°5 800 7rI | 7o°8 | +03} 66:0 | 65°38 | +072 600 71°4. | 71°6 | +08 66°6 | 66°6 foe) 400 721 | 72°5 | —o'4} 67°6 | 67°4 | +o'2 200 72°4 | 73°74 | —10| 68:0 | 68:2 | —o2 ground, 72°75 | 7493 | —1°8 || 69'0 | 69°0 o'o me ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTs IN 1865 anp 1864. 285 The numbers in the following Table differ very much from those in Table VI. in the Reports for the year 1862 and 1863 ; in these the largest numbers were those at the bottom of the column, and the smaller at higher elevations, and a decrease of temperature with elevation was shown without exception. In the following Table there are instances of departure from both those in- dications, and other particulars which present all the above numbers to be combined with previous results. In the first remarks on Table III. at page 266, the decrease of temperature as observed in the first 200 feet was no less than 8°; by the adopted curves passing nearly through the observed temperatures, it gives 23° decline in each 100 fect near the earth; these results seem doubtful ; they differ so much from all others, that it seems likely that the readings were affected by the presence of many persons near the car of the balloon before starting, or that I have read the instruments wrongly by 5° before leaving the earth. On January 12 (the only winter ascent in the series) the numbers are for the first time affected by the sign —, showing an increase of temperature with increase of elevation, and the numbers near the earth are smaller than those at higher elevations. On April 6 the numbers are also anomalous as compared with those previously obtained ; near the earth there was no change, and then a large change, and higher still some numbers are affected with the — sign. On June 13, on descending at the time of sunset, it will be seen that there was scarcely any change of temperature for 1500 feet. On June 20, on descending a little before sunset, the change was very small, and very different from corresponding changes on the ascent an hour before. On June 27 there seemed scarcely any change in temperature up to 3000 feet, at readings taken after sunset, and till it was too dark to read the instruments. The results on none of these days can be used in deducing general laws. The endeavour has been in the past year to take observations at times in the day and times in the year at which no observations had previously been made, resulting in these very different results. The only days this year available for general combination are September 29, from observations made between 8" a.m. and 10" a.m., with a chiefly cloudy sky; and the numbers in column 28 show the mean values at the different elevations, and October 9 and August 29 for clear skies, and these results are shown in column 30. The numbers in column 32 show the general mean from all the observa- tions with cloudy skies, as based upon the number of experiments as shown in column 33 at each elevation, and these vary from 19 to 29. The numbers in column 35 show the results for clear or nearly clear skies, as based on the number of experiments as shown in the column 36, varying in number from 8 to 12. In column 34 the space in feet is shown for an increase of 1° with cloudy oe varying from 167 feet near the earth to 334 at heights exceeding 3000 eet. In column 37 the same results are shown for clear skies, being 143 feet cond the earth, gradually increasing to 334 feet at heights exceeding 1600 eet. REPORT—1864. Taste VI.—Showing the Decrease of Temperature with eve Aug. 31, | Sept. 29, Oct. 9, Jan. 12, Apr. 6, 1863. 1863, 1863. 1864, 1864, 6 pe Ton? Sn Lib Bast 0h - State of the Sky. 4 sea. 8 eB | | ; Sols .| € || Cloudy. Clear. Misty. Cloudy. SD nf O8 sete S| Sisto emo me | ay (ee ; bo tb SSG Si eel Pie 2] 2) 2] 8 | 8 3 Sal ce Petty: |S 3 § 3 § SoleEleelgizi/eigiet & 2 3 Z From| To S218 8/88] 2 Aad sa | 2 < (=) < A feet.| feet.|| Forel ET I | ao IE > ¥ a 5 4900/5000}! 0°3] oz} «+ || 0-2] 0°1| org] 02] 0°3]] or 06 ||—o'r |—o-1r 4800/4900]! 074) o-2 0°3] O°2| 0-4] 0'2] 03] ovo o7 ||—o'r |—o'r 4700!4800]| 03] o-2 0°3] O°2) o*4] O'2} O'4)| orn OT || O14 ei Ole 4600)4700]| o-4 073 0°3| 0°3) 0°5| 0°3} 0'4]] ove 0°3. ||—0'4 |—o'2 4.500]4.600]| 03] o:2 04] 0°2) o'4| 0°2} 0°6)| ~on1 |—o'2 ||—0'4 |—ovr 4400/4500] 0°2| 973 0°3} 9°3) 073] 0°3} 0°6)] ~o'2 |—-0'2 |l—o'4 |—o'x 430014.4.00]| 0°3) ora 0°3| 0°4) 0°3] 0'2) o'4)] ova 05 ||—o'6 oo 42.00/4.300}] 0°3) 0°3] « « || 0°3] 0°4| 073] 0°3] 0°3|| 03 o5 |iI—o'6 |—o'z 4.100/4200]| 0°3) o:2 0°3} 04) 0°3] 0°2! 073 o2 03 oOo |—o'2 4000|4.100]} 03] o*2 0°3| 0°4| 073] 0°2] 03/1 o-2 o'2 oo |—o'2 3900|4.000]| 0°3} 92) . 0°3} O°3) 073] 073] 03 I's o3 o'O |-07%3 38003900]! 0°3 0°3} ++ || 0°3/ 03} o°4] 0°3) o-3/] 1-6 o'4 oo |—0%3 3700|3800}| 0°3) o°2] .. || 073] 0°3 0°4] O°2) 0°3/] O'5 o"4 MO. lO 3600)3700]| 0°3| 0°3) . 0°3| 9°3] o'4) O°2] o°3/] Org o'4 oe ior 3 500|3600]] 0°3/ 02} «« || 0°3] 0°3) 0-3] 0-2 O73}, 00:3 O74 o'2 o'o 3400/3 §00)| 0°3) 073} «~ || 03] 0°4|0°4| 073] 0-2||_ 02 o°3 03 oo 3300/3400} 0°3) o°2] -. || 0°3] 9°4! 0°3] 0°2/ 0°3/| 0°6 o4 oo |—0'4 3200/3 300}| 0°3) 073] -- |] 073) O°4) 0'4] 0°3) O73]! 06 o's oO |—o'5 3100/3200 0°3] o'2} « o°%3 0*4 0°3) -- | 03 0%4 o'4 oO |—o'2 3000/3 100}| 0°3/ 973) -. || 073) O°3/ og} -- | orl] 03 o°3 or |—o'2 2900/3000} 0°3/ 0°3] «+ || 073} O°3) 0°3] -- | o-3]]—o'r o3 o7 |-o'2 2800/2.900]| 0°3) o°3) .. || 073] 0°3/ ong] -- | 0°3|| —o'2 04 ony Bi srel) 2700|2800]} 0°3) 072) .. |] 0°3| 0°4! 0°3) -- | 0°3]| 0-2 o"4 Oe | Om 26002700]| 0°3| o°3] .. || 0°3/ 0°3] ong} « 0°3||—0'2 o's ps) | orn 2500|2.660]| 0°3} 0:2) «. || 0°3/ 0°4/ 0°3] «+ | 0°3|| o'r or ||—o'2 [oMe) 24.00/2 500} 0°3} 073) «|| 0°4| O°4! 074] -- | otr|] O'0 oO ||—o'! oo 2300/2400) 03) 0°2) «« |) 0°3) 0°5| 073] -- | o'2|| ovo oI O'4 oo 2200/2300) 0°3] 0°3} «« || 0°3) 0°5| o'4] -- | o'2||—O'1 o2 o'4 ol 2100/2200] 0°3] 0°3| .. || 0°3} 06) o-4| .. | or2|/|—o'r o'l ; o'0 2000/2 100]} 0°4) 0°3) «- |) 0°3| 0°5) org] « r 3 Bi i 1900/2000) 0°3} 073} O°1|| 0°3} O'S) o-4} « 1800|1g00]] 074] 9-3) orr|| 073] 0°5! ong! 1700) 1800}] 0°3} 9-3) o'o]| 0°3) 0°5| 074} .. 1600}1700}| 0°3] 0-3} o*1|| 04) 0°5 O°4) .. 1500] 1600}] 0°3] 0°3} o°1/| 0°3| 0°6| org) .. 14.00|1500]| 0°4] 0°3| 01)! 0°3| 0°6| org] .. 1300/1400] 0°3] 0°3) 0°2|| 073] 05) org] .. 1200}1300]| 0°3] 04] O'2/| 0°4] O75) org] .. IIOO|T200}] 0°3) o°3] 0°2)) 073] O°4) Ov4] .. 1000] 1 T00}| 074] 0°3] O72]| 0°3| 0°4) o'5) . 900|1000]] 0°4] .. | 0°2|] 0°3] *4/ o'4! . 800] goo} 0°5} ... | o°3]|0°3) “4| org] .. 700! 800} 0°5! ,. | o'2|| 073] *4} org] .. 600} 700] 0°6) .. | o°3]} 0°3] 074) o-5] .. 500} 600]| 0°97} .. | o-2|| 0-4] 075) o°4] .. 400} 500}| 0°8) .. | 0°3|| 0-4) 06] o'5] .. 300} 400]| I°z] .. | 0-2]/ 0°3] 0°6| org] .. 200} 300/| 1°} .. | 0°2|| 074! 06} 05) .. 100} 200]| 2°2| .. | o2|/0°3| 0°6) og} .. ©} Ioo}] 2°2] .. | 0'3|| 0r4| 0°6) o'5] .. INowohicolemwts)2)53,= 4.0 15. 165. 4% Clear. ge | Ascending. | Descending. | Ascendin a | Descending. Ce ee | Ascending. fo} ec 2 «2 C6 = © © «© O omel-s 8 an ae) 8 . . b:6 6% 8, Sadie. gw Oia ah Je © Uae! Geren —aatel ey 48 Waa caer ei ob « = Se tom vl eo . . et} ts) ee ee le oe sa Ss ©! Sie . . Crete: sae Deters “es 56 6S le Ue oe 0 See -e ee On ows. Ie | Descending. * Oo . ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 287 June 27, Aug. 29, General mean (omitti 7 2, August 31, 1864. 1864. Rom, 1863, January if Ret dae and a, 1864.) State of the Sky. Cloudy. pmiews Clear. 2 2 Cloudy. f A i Space s . A : 5 52 Space ac = & = & El & Ee 2 5 a Number paced Number peed e = Eis |si|e| 3 Sis fell | | Si] mean. of | through!| yyean, of | through 8 §i/3]8/8;8] 8] 38138) e s}e experi- | for a; experi- | fora 2 2/8) s/s) es] 2 sisi slg ments. | decline ments. | decline A SJ/ATS/Als i sa /Asolallolzg of 1°. of 1°. ° © jo fio |o Jo jlo fo ° ° ° feet. ° feet. o ++ |] OL] OF} «- |] O'2] 0°3}| Orr] 2 || 0°3) 5 03 20 334 o°3 Io 334 es e+ || ovr] O'F 0°3] 0°4]/ O72] 2 || O73) 5 o'3 20 334 o'3 Io 334 s+ |] OL) O'L} «+ |] 03] 0°3}| O'2] 2 || 0°3) 5 03 19 334. 03 Io 334 we ++ || O72] or2 0°3] 0°4/| 0°3/ 2 |] 0°41 5 || 073 19 334 0°%3 10 334 : 0°2| O'o 073] 0°3//0°3} 2 |/0°4) 5 || 03 20 334 03 Io 334 . . O°3] O°O} «+ |] O°4) 0°4)/ 073] 2 || O74) 5 0°3 20 334. 0°%3 Io 334 oe ** |] O°L] O°O} + || 0°3/ 0°3/| 0°32 |] O31 5 |] 073 23 334 O73 10 334 se [se | ee] O'2] O'3] «+ | 0°4} 0°4I] 073] 2 |] 073] 5 |] 073 23 334 03 To 334 ++ | 0°5] 0°3)] 0'3| o'r 0°3] 0°4]] 0°3) 2 |] 0°3/ 5 || 03 23 334 O°%3 12 334. ++ | 076} 0°3/] org] o'2, 04] 0°4|| 0°3} 2 || 0°3/ 5 || 073 24 334 0°3 12 334 9°0 | 0°4, 0°4)) 0°5| 0°2) 0°21) 0°3/ 0°3]/ 0°3] 2 || 0°3/ 5 || 0°3 24. 334 0°%3 12 334 O°3| — O° | O°5} 0°41] 075] 0'2} O'2|| 0'4} 0°4|| 0°3} 2 |] 073] 5 0°3 24. 334 O73 12 334 0°0 | 0°3) 0°4}) 0°5) 0°2| 0°21! 0°3) 03} 073} 2 || 073] 5 |] 073 25 334 o°%3 It 334. "0 | 0°3/ 0°4)] 0°5) 073} 0°3]| O°4| 0°4}/ 073} 2 |1 0°35 |] 0°3 25 334 o3 II 334 O°E | 0°3) 0°4}] 0°4) 0°2) 0°21! 0°4| 0°41] 0°3/ 2 |] 073] 5 0°%3 25 334 03 II 334 O°E | 0°3) 0°4)] 075) 0°3] 0°31) 0°4] 0°4}| 073] 2 |]. 0°3] 5 |] 073 25 334 073 Ir 334 O°2 | 0°2) 0°41! 0°4| 0°2) 0°2)| 0'4| 0°3]| 073] 2 03) 5 O73 25 334 o3 II 334 0°3 | 0°2) 0°5)| 0°4| 0°3} 0°3}] 04! 0°4)| 073! 2 || 0°3) 5 |] 0°3 25 334 03 Ir 334. 0°4.| O°1| 0°5}| 0°4) 0-2) oo} 0°3} 0°4)| 0°3} 2 |] 073) 4 || 0°3 26 334. 03 Io 334. O°4 | 0°2) 0°5|| 074) 0°3) O'1}| 0°4| 0°4|/ 03} 2 |] 073} 4 |] 074 25 251 03 Io 334 0°3 | 0°0/ 0°5}| 0°4) 073] O'1}] 0°3/ 0°3/ 0°3} 2 |1.0°3/ 4 || 04 26 251 03 Io 334 0°4.| 0°21) 0°5}| 0°4| 0°3) O° 1} 074 0°4|| 073] 2 |] 073) 4 |] 04 26 251 03 Io 334 Z O°5}| 0°4} 0°3) O°1}| 0°4} 0°3}] 073} 2 |] 073] 4 || 0°g 27 251 0°3 Io 334 o. 9°6} 0°4) 0°4] o°1|| 04] 0°4/| 0°3) 2 | 074] 4/] 0-4 27 251 3 Io 334. me 0°5|| 0°4} 03) 0°O|| 074) 0°41)! 0°3] 2 |) o'4) 4 |] ong 28 251 0°%3 10 334 0°6}| 0°4| 0°4) or1|| 0°5] o'4|| o'4] 2 |} og} al] 0-4 28 25% 0°73 IO |} 334: 0°5}| 0°4| 073} O°O}| 074) 0°3]] 074] 2 |] 073 4 O74 27 251 0% Io 334 - 0°5}| 0°4) O°4) O'T|| O74) 0°4]| o'4} 2 O'4) 4 o*4 27 251 o3 Io 334 .- O°5}} 0°4) 0°3} O°T|| 0°4) 0°3)! o'g] 2 0°3/ 4 o4 27 251 o°3 Io 334 an 0°6| 0°4) 074) o°1|| 0°4) 0°4]| ota] 2 |] 0-4 4]| O74 27 251 °°3 Io 334 se O°4|| O74] 0°3) O7T]) O°4| 0°3)) O'4} 2 || 0°3) 4 "4, a7 251 o%3 Io 334. 44 O°4)| 0°) 0°3| O°T)| 0°5} O°4// o'4} 2 |] O-4] 4 |] 074 27 251 03 Io 334 ++] += | O°3]| 0°4) O°1/ O°) 0°) 0°31 o-4} 2. || 0°3/ 4] 074 29 251 0% Io 334. aie 0°3/] 0°4) 0°2| O° 1}] 0°5/ 0°41! ong] 2 || 0°44. |] 074 29 251 o°%3 Io 334 ve | ++ | 0°2} O'4) 0°2) Orr!) O°) 04) 0'4) 2 |] O°4) 4. || 074 31 251 o"4 II 251 s+ | ++ | 0°3| 0°4) 0°2) o'1}/ 074) 0°4)/ 0-4} 2 || 074! 4 |] 04 31 251 O74 II 251 se | #* | 0°2|| O'S] O'O) O'L)) O'4) O'4I] 0°4} 2 || 074] 3 |] 04 28 251 o4 8 251 t+ | + | 0°3}] 0°6| o°2) O°!) 074) 0°5|) 04} 2 || 0'4] 3 o'4 28 251 o'5 8 201 ++ | ++ | 0°3|| 0°6| 0°) ool/ 0°4) 04]! 04) 2 || 0°4| 3 O74 28 251 0°5 8 201 ++ | ++ | 0°3}] 0°6) 0°21] o'r] 0-4) 0°5|! 074} 2 || 0°43 |] 04 28 251 O'5 8 201 ++ | ++ | O°2]] 0°6) or} oro} 074! 074]! 0°4| 2 || o'4] 3 o%4 24. 251 O'S 8 201 ++ | ++ | O°T] 0°7| O*1) O°} 04) O'4]! 0-4! 2 |] 0°43 |] 0°74 22 251 OS 8 201 +} #* | 0°2}) 0°8/ o°0) 0°0}) o°4] 0°41! 074! 2 || o'4) 3 |] ong. 22 251 o's 8 201 ++ | «* | 0°3]/ 0°8/ 0°) o°r}] 0*4) 0°4]/ 04] 2 || o'4| 3 o'4 22 251 O'S 8 201 se | ++ | 0°3} I°I) O°O} o'F)| 0°4) 0-4] 04! 2 |] 0°41 3 |] og 20 201 o'5 3 201 ee} es | 0°3}] I°X) O°O} OL]! 05) 0°41] 075) 2 || 0°41} 3|| 0'5 20 201 O°5 8 201 ee} se O°2)) 12) «+ | +» | 0°4) O'4/| 05] 2 | 0'4) 3 |] 0'5 20 201 O'S 8 | 201 ee] ee | Or2il ro ++ |] 0°5] O°4]| 075] 2 || 0°41 3/1 ong 20 201 06 8 167 te] ce [OT] 2°3] 26 | «+ | O'S) o°4|/ o°5} 2 |! 0°41 3 |] org 20 201 06 8 167 sefes [OK 4) oe] 66 ors) org! or5] 2 |] 05/3 || 06 | 20 167 || 0-7 8 143 19, 20, 21. 22. 23, 24, 25. 26. 27, 28, 29. 30.31, 32. 33. 34, 30. 86. 37 288 REPORT—1864. § 6. Varration or tHE Hyeromerric Conpition or THE AIR with ELEVATION. All the adopted readings of the temperature of the dew-point in, Section 4 were laid down on diagrams, and joined by lines drawn from one to the other. Tn the case of the temperature of the air, when thus joined, a curved line can be drawn through them, giving equal weight to every observation, but this cannot be done with respect to the temperature of the dew-point, it being far more variable than the temperature of the air, and the numbers in the fol- lowing Table are those as read at every 1000 feet from the diagram formed simply by joining the point of observation. Taste VII.—Showing the Variation of the Hygrometric condition of the Air at every 1000 feet of Height. FourrerentH ASCENT. Humidity of the Air. 1863. Ascending. Descending. face feet, T D T above the mean empe- F egree | ‘empe- . | Degree B 0 level of the sea. -atadg ™ Circum-|rature of a of | aga | Cireum- rature of fear ra times. | Stances.|the dew- humi- || | stances, the dew-| humi- pointys| SPOUTS ditye = |}; ames: point. | V@P°UF+| ity, August 31. Ron - in. 5 in, 8000 _ . |shining.| 18°8 | *102 52 whee 24°5 | °132 53 7000 | A |Very | 191 | *103 51 > g 27:3" | “14g 65 6000 ay BY a 28°6 | °157 66 Bas 30°3 | ‘169 a3 5000 Re lineman) 32 kOe | OO ee he el ato ae, 75 | lage a %2 | of Ro) Ver 4000 | S| aon) 367°) "218 72 he clouds. | 33°9 | *195 74 3000 Brey 41°5 | °262 79 5m 42°1 | *268 97 2000 S| Above | 475° }2329 -|_ 88 “'S | Justin} 45°0 | -299 | 95 1000 cloud. | 52°7 | °399 93 B | clouds. | 47-4 °328 94 ground :|Getting| 5677 | -461 77 Stratum g 5 Srito’ D pone: > S| cloud. Cyr Staares = [ale % |x VX a . 2000 SA! m | 472 | °325 go a In uni-| 46°0 | +311 85 1000 [FA “az | clouds.| 48°5 | °342 | 91 [1.5 4 S| form | 4o'r | 349 | 93 ground ao z B 5] mist. 72 5 s August 31.—The temperature of the dew-point on the ground before starting was 56°-7, or 7°3 below that of the air; at 1100 feet these two temperatures were both 54°, the air being saturated with moisture; at 1150 feet the air suddenly became drier, the difference between the temperatures of the air and dew-point was 5°; at 7100 feet the temperatures of the air and dew-point were 34° and 18° respectively, and remained at these values nearly, while the balloon ascended to more than 8000 feet and descended to 7900 feet. The difference between the temperatures of the air and dew-point after this was generally less and less to 3000 feet, at which clouds were entered, and the air was nearly saturated with moisture; at 1000 feet high the temperature of the air was 49°, and that of the dew-point 47°4. The balloon then reascended, and on again entering cloud at 1580 feet, the air was again saturated with moisture, and on descending, it was nearly satu- rated at 1200 feet and at 820 feet; at the latter height the respective tempe- ratures were 53° and 52°. _ ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 18614. 289 Taste VII. (continued.) Firreenta Ascent. Humidity of the Air. J hg Ascending. Descending. Height, in feet, = S 2 Degtes above the mean empe- . egree | ‘empe- . level of the sea. Bstwee ”! Cireum-|rature of, ee, of pao 5 ee of eA . of | times. | Stances. Keong vapour. — times. | Stances. ee *| vapour. es. September 29. is in. a in. 16000 i 15000 =| Sun |—I0'0! *026 54. 14000 S&S |shining.| + 0°5 | ‘o45. 68 13000 o 1o'1 | *068 8x = 1°3| *046 54 12000 g |Nosun-| 2:7/ -o4g 58 5 2°2| *048 51 11000 fae — 8-6| -o29 31 mel — 3°8| 036 33 10000 a — 2°0| ‘o40 36 Qo. —I0'2 | *026 21 Dense “ce! -o88 Pes, = Bel) «6 2 gooo on || clouds 25151) 7 Ss ail 083 5 8000 above 13'7| ‘o81 53 a8 aaa 2°8 | "049 32 7000 | us. 19°5| *105 66 eo | Sun 14'8 | ‘085 48 6000 gq | Clouds} 24:4/ +131 | 72 Bige) | Watbte: |) “0-8: “x7 59 5000 q pi 28°5| *156 75 5 23°8| ‘128 56 — = | below.| 32°4/ 184 | 81 ee 24°5| 132 | 56 3000 ~~ Sin 38°5 | °233 87 3 40 2306) )) 2177 49 2000 A | faint. | 40°7| -254 | 86 ava 26°8| 146 | 45 1000 # =|Mistyall] 42°6| °273 89 ground FA | round. 44:1] ‘289 | 86 September 29.—The temperature of the dew-point decreased from 44° on the ground, or 490 feet above the sea, to 423° at 1000 feet above the sea, where mist was prevalent, and the degree of humidity increased from 86 to 89. On passing out of the mist at 3000 feet the humidity declined from 87 to 58 at 8000 feet; here there were dense clouds both above and below; at 9000 feet the degree of humidity was 71. There were faint gleams of the sun at 10,000 feet, and the difference between the temperature of the air and dew-point was 221°, the degree of humidity being 36, showing a decrease of no less than 35 in a difference of 1000 feet of elevation ; at 11,000 feet it was drier still, the temperatures of the air and dew-point being 16°-9 and — 8°-6 respectively, or a difference of 25°-5, and the degree of humidity 31; at 13,000 feet the difference had decreased to 4°-4 and the humidity increased to 81; at 15,000 feet it was 12°-0, and the hu- midity had decreased to 54; the balloon continued to ascend, but the humi- dity is unknown above the last-mentioned height, till on descending to 13,000 feet it was 54, and the difference between the temperatures of the air and dew-point was 13°-9 ; at 10,000 feet the air again became very dry, the two temperatures being 22°-9 and —10°-2 respectively, showing a difference of 33°1 and a humidity of 21; the air then gradually became less dry till 5000 feet, when the difference was 11°-9 and the humidity 56; after this the difference increased in a small amount, and then decreased to 20°2 at 2000 feet, where the humidity was 45. 1864, v 290 nerortT—1864. Taste VIL. (continued.) SrxteentH ASCENT. Humidity of the Air. pee ee eee Ss elk Ascending. Descending. een, in feet, Tempe Degree a Degree above the mean Ag eS i pe- i level of the sea. eae ™! Cireum- eae of lerepe bs of | Heer ”) Circum- pees 0 pee hurd times. | Stances. eon vapour, ality: times, | Stances. poe vapour. dity, October 9. a in. . in. 7000 da 19°8 | ‘107 61 go 183 | -o99 | 58 6000 a5, 22°r | *118 66 un g 20°5 | ‘110 61 5000 a % 26'0 | 141 | 69 re 23°74 | 7125 | 65 4000 Se | mist | 32° | 274 | 73 Bop 262 | "142 68 3000 S| over | 343 | ‘198 | 74 || SO gua | 174 | 77 2000 ga land. | 37°6 | °225 70 ea 1000 oe. gos | 252 | 70 z= ground a> 44'1 | *289 68 PB oe Su wn 3000 oon ve | 32a | *182 Pe |e 2 we 1 350 | 188 74 2000 uve oe eer§ "oss see B A thin . 238 8 o oP BI ‘mist, | 39° 23 4 BB 8000 of 9°7 | :067 43 eee eee 7000 are 12°8 | °077 46 ses eee 8 6000 a az. 1g'0 | "103 | 56 vas ser | SO 5000 Sat 27-Gxh sX5r | yz si on oe 4oco. JFAH,G) a | 3rx | 174 | 76 oe 3000 tag keene 35°0 | "204 76 ¢ 2000 Beg] LIES ase i ha58 87 te ng October 9.—The difference between the temperatures of the air and dew- point on the ground was 102°, their respective readings being 545° and 44°; and this difference varied but little till 7310 feet was reached, at which height the temperatures were 30° and 18° respectively. On descending to 2330 feet the temperature of the air was 42°, and that of the dew-point 353°, the dif- ference being 61°, On reascending the difference was found to be rather larger, but on descending again it decreased to 64° at 2270 feet, where mist was prevalent; and it decreased to 27 at 1500 feet, the two temperatures being 44°8 and 421 respectively. On ascending to 3300 feet, the air became suddenly drier, continued of the same degree of humidity to 4000 feet, ‘above which there was less and less humidity with increase of elevation till the height of 8000 feet was reached, when it became too dark to read the instruments. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 291 Taste VII. (continued.) SEVENTEENTH AscENT. fp OEE : Humidity of the Air. 1864. Ascending. Descending. Height, in feet, Tempe- ., | Degree Tempe- . | Degree k ag a sacar Circum-|rature of Elantic of Between Circum-|rature of) Pe oid of | pees thee wat stances.|the dew-| free Of| pumi. || What tances, |the dew-| f°TCe Of | pumi- times. ipees | vapour. dity. || times. | S#nces. point. | Y@PUr-| ity, Sa ea! -— | January 12. : 5 in. | Snove i in. "11000 a —o9| ‘o42| 51 || peed 2°4. | ‘04g | 61 10000 | =4°8| °053| 52 cs "| 14°5 | 084 | gt g | 8 Clouds 9000 a | Misty. 2°5| -o4g| . 38 ie abowe 174 | °095 88 a = | below. 8000 a 9°5| *066] 43 ox 20°70 | "108 88 a | | co Colder : . Near . ‘ 7000 jourrent. 15'2| ‘086| 50 oats, | 23° | “123 92 | ———— 6000 =| 28°3| s155| 83 + nee. 25°9 | “140 87 5000 ba 28°5 | “x56) Fo tS 28°5 | "256 93 4.000 co 27°6| ‘151| 65 #3 30°1 | *168 89 3000 “| cam | 36°5| 1286) 73 te 34°4 | "199 | 91 | and uy 2000 = jwarmto| 39°5| '242| 85 is 380 | *229 96 Fy sense. B 1000 Sensibly) 35°7! -209| 84 “ ground. ermal). 3isro]|| sana) 8c January 12.—The temperature of the dew-point on leaving the earth was 36°, that of the air 414°, the degree of humidity was 80. The air gradually became more moist on ascending till 1300 feet was reached, when the dif- ference between the two temperatures was 3°1; a warm current was then met with, but the difference between the two temperatures did not vary much till 2200 feet was passed, then it increased to 103° at 4000 feet; the air again became moist, and at 6000 feet the difference of temperature amounted to only 43°, with 83 as the degree of humidity. The depression of the wet thermometer below the dry greatly increased, till at 9300 feet it was 20°-7, the degree of humidity being 38; and at 9800 feet cloud was entered; the difference decreased to 12°-2, and the degree of humidity in- ereased to 56; the air then became drier, and at 11,900 feet (the highest point) the difference was 23°-7, and the degree of humidity 42. On descend- ing the air gradually became moist, till at 8600 feet it was nearly saturated, then became somewhat drier, but was again nearly saturated at 5000 feet, the degree of humidity being 93 ; again it became drier, but at 2000 feet the air was within 1° of saturation, after which it became slightly drier till the ground was reached, w2 292 REPORT—1864. Tastu VII. (continued.) ErcutrerenraH ASCENT. Humidity of the Air. 1864. Ascending. || Descending. pas, in feet, pies Ree | eee Rilinaeree thors the mets Between cieumnlatur off Elstic| af” PANES izeum.ratute of Praga Oh dines, [anes the dew fre of] Lum | ns, nee | ane | ge April 6. a in. c in. 11000 15°2| ‘086 Bp aleatad 16°5 | ‘og2 39 10000 15°0| °086 sar || 8 22°5 | *120 41 ee, bg OTD ae 56 2 Biss A age |e 42 80co0 a Grol ep 58 = 26°83 | +146 47 7000 ag 34°4.| *199 85 o 29°8 | *166 53 6000 @, a Bluesky} 31-4| °176 84 “8 Enger 310 | "174 64 5000 on 28°8| *158 74 © “A gas Wier Sor 66 4000 am aa 310 | °174 87 B 32°5 | 184 69 a t<] or 3000 a+ wetting.| 31°5 | °177 91 ° 320 | +181 74 gS | Enter- ox 2000 | | toua, | 33°7| 193 | 85 | “b 33°3 | ‘190 | 78 misty. ce} 1000 34'2 | *197 75 B 35°2 | *205 78 Very 3 ground, misty. | 38°5 | °233 76 36°38 | 218 61 Nrvereente ASCENT. June 13. qi 3000 ale 3 38°6 | °234 64 38°6 | 234 64 2000 oak 39°0 | ‘238 | 56 1000 Fa 42°4. | °271 55 ground. * 44°7 | 296 54. ~~ 3000 38°3 | 023 | 69 || _, 37°5 | *225 | 63 on oo i 3000 4r'r | ‘258 7° ||s OF 36°5 | *216 62 2.000' Bey B 43°4 | *281 73 1000 SB 465 | °317 | 75 | ground. Bh 461 | °312 74, | April 6.—The temperature of the dew-point on leaving the earth was | 38°5, and the degree of humidity 76, the difference between the temperature | of the air and that of the dew-point being 7°. This difference remained nearly stationary till about 1400 feet, where mist was prevalent; the balloon entered cloud at 2100 feet, and by the time 2470 feet was reached the difference had declined to 2°, The air then — became rather drier, but by the time 3500 feet was attained, the difference only equalled 1°, after which the air became several times moist and dry; at 6900 fect the difference was 3°, then it suddenly became drier, and continued to get so till 9400 feet, when it amounted to 193°, and continued about the same till 11,000 feet (the highest point), where it equalled 21°. On descend- ing the air gradually became moist, and continued so till within 1400 feet of the earth, the difference being at that height 5°, after which it began to increase, and continued to do so, till on the ground it amounted to 9°, these respective values being 45°8 and 36°°8, June 13.—The temperature of the dew-point was 442° on the ground ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 Anp 1864. 293 before starting, the difference between that and the temperature of the air being 17°, which nearly gradually declined to 13° by the time 3000 feet was gained. On descending the temperature was found to be nearly the same at 2300 feet as it was at 3000 feet; the difference at the lower of these eleva- tions was 14°; on reascending the difference decreased till 3450 feet was gained, then increased to 13° by 3540 feet ; on descending it remained nearly the same; on again ascending it differed very little also till 3050 feet was reached, where it was also 13°; the balloon then turned to make our down- ward journey, when the difference decreased to 9° and to 8° by the time the ground was reached. Taste VII. (continued.) TWENTIETH ASCENT. Humidity of the Air. 1864. Ascending. Descending. Beight. in feet, above the mean level of the sea. |Between| _. Tempe-| plastic | Destee || Between| ,. Tempe- | mastic | Degree what | Circum-|rature of; Racietnt of | hae Circum- ralnre of foreenet 7 of | times. |Stances. Pky vapour. ae times. | Stances. ie ace vapour. ait, June 20. F e ed ele S a fi in. 4000 ie BE OW RSS | BH Ue e 47°7| °331| 88 3000 Pa 48:0} °335) 80 |e 4H 47'0| °323| 80 2000 AUS 50:0] °366) 76 Si = 1000 aa Sere 2375) iGaen || ee ground LS): 55°8| *446/ 68 |/B° ae ~_ 4000 ag 48°6| 343] 93 ||Sa 46-9) °332| 89 3000 ga, & 492) °35t) 84 50°4| °366| 87 Gs _ ror . 6 2000 Og & DES 5 375 9 1000 eas rig B 540 4x6 75 ground aS BH 54°0| 418 R=) rae June 20,—The temperature of the dew-point was 55°8 on the ground, the difference between that and the temperature of the air being 10°-7, de- clining very gradually till 4100 fect was gained, where the difference was 33° ; on descending it gradually increased to 2740 feet, it then being 4°; on reas- cending the air again began to get moist, although at several points it seemed inclined to get drier, but then went back to its moist state again ; at 4270 feet, however, complete saturation was met with ; on descending it became drier in the first 100 feet, remained about the same for 800 feet, then became moist at 3200 feet ; became drier at 2700 feet, after which, with one slight exception, it remained the same till the ground was reached, the difference then being 104°, June 27.—The temperature of the dew-point was 463° on the ground, differed but little from 43° from 500 feet to 1500 feet high, was about 403° at 3000 feet, and 38° at 4000 feet; at about 4100 feet the air was more moist, the difference between the temperatures of the air and dew-point being 21°; this difference increased till at 5000feet it was rather less than 4°,the hu- midity being 86°. On descending the air became gradually drier, till at nearly 4500 feet the difference was 6°2; the air then again became moist, for at 3600 feet it was 24°, the air then began to get drier; continuing to do so till at 660 feet it was 102°; on reascending this difference very gradually in- creased till about 3650 feet, when it was 13°; on reaching 3240 feet it had 294 ; REPORT—1864..° Taste VII, (continued.) Twenty-First Ascent, Humidity of the Air. 64. es Ascending, Descending, Height, in feet, above the mean T a ont Tempe- : | Degree layelen Fhe sep. 1B etween | circum- dished e Hastie | ‘e “|B Syed Cireum- datne off Hiastic oe what Held force of humi- || What | o¢, the d force of ki times, | @nces- ee ar “|vapour. dity.. | times. ca paint. “| vapour, dity. June 27. ane z in. a in. 5000 ag B85) 233) 360 ale 33°5 | 253] 87 4000 g 5 ry 382 1agt,) «8x aaa 35°3 | | 206) 78 3000 ee 40°5| °252| 71 is Bi * 38:3] -2gr| 84 2000 2 Hl 40°2| °249| 63 ls See 40°5| '232| 78 1000 a 44°5| 294) 64 |\5 BF 38°3| -231| 67 ° aa r) \° s ae 4,000 ae 350i)" S208.) 1.7 | 3000 : 5 a 36°7| ‘218) 68 || 2000 £ aati 35°4.| °207| 65 1000 | 37°0| ‘220| 64 ° 2 8| oo TWENTY-SECOND ASCENT. August 29. 14000 22 BW SLZO)|MeSS — 22] ‘o40] 25 13000 10°8| *070| 37 — 23] ‘o40} 24 12000 re 13°9| ‘o8I] 4o 6°2 |) 057 | | 32, 11000 ag E 2570] °135| 56 tal 12°8| ‘077| 41 ro0co Sia, | 296) 164) 64 +6 I9°5| ‘I05} 54 gooo cols) a 288) 158) 58 || WE = 31'7| °179| 79 8000 a 3 28'2| ‘154| 46 ms its 20°r} ‘108} 42 7000 hee ES 97° 5.) | -225'|') 60 ad o 20 |) “129738 6000 Sa 5 7-9) Bo Une” Al Nema SB I~ 37°2 | “2221-79 5000 aS] s | 435] 283] 67 || BS | m | 423] '270| 78 4000 ae 37°0| °220) 47 2 | 3 44°38 | °207| 74 3000 41'9| °266 | 47 8 51°9| °386) 79 welels 45'4| 394) 45 ; 45°4| » "3041, 55 1000 464) °316] 42 47°6| °330| 53 ground. 45°4| “304| 38 47°9| °334| 47 decreased to 8°, but on attaining 3520 feet it was 114°, and at 4000 feet the temperatures of the air and dew-point were 45° and 353° respectively, showing a difference of 93°, and a humidity of 70°. August 29,—The differences between the temperatures of the air and those of the dew-point in this ascent were rather remarkable ; on starting it was very large, viz. 27°, their respective readings being 724° and 453°, and the degree of humidity 38. The difference decreased very gradually till 4500 feet was gained, when the air became suddenly moist, the difference only amounting to 64° at 5600 feet, then became dry, and continued so till 11,000 feet was reached, the humidity being 56; after which it increased in dryness till the difference equalled 23° at 13,000 feet, the humidity having decreased to 37 ; it was moderately moist at the highest point, the difference there being 9°. On descending, at 14,000 feet the air became very suddenly dry, the differ- ence between the two temperatures increasing from 9° to 32° in a minute and a half, and the humidity being 25; it then declined to 6° at 9100 feet, increased again to 23° at 7350 feet ; decreased to 64° by 4550 feet, after which it in- creased to 21° on the ground, where the degree of humidity was 47. 295. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 AnD 1864. Taste VIII.—Showing the Degree of Humidity at every 1000 feet. Sept. a Jan. 12, || April 6, August 31, 1863. Pigs. ||October 9, 1864.)| “T8i 4° 4 June 13, 1864, Jones ia mets, ig Wann State of the Sky. F In cloud Cloudy | Uni- : 3 P sesig, (ER S| aE Fem. cme | tity cnt}. tes, | coy. | PSY] cme. || EE es of above. want E z:| the sea. sae | —— cs) S , oe : : : - devcmlee (Ee ‘ ‘ ; i Bl |g a to +]. oo} - is) -|, BO} |, SH], P to - bo =|, ~| ao} -| Sol] -] aol -] ani] «| abl 4 < o o 2 | & |set a) J) es eeig) 2) 2) 2] JUSS Se Sel Ff ay f2)21 2/2] ]3] | @ | e Stele] ist ersl erst S| ERS) BU Sr ret sie] 8] S| 5) SiS] Ble S| Bye 8) 8 eB | 8 fers f) Si sr erg) esi 8] 2i) 8] 2 Bi st 8) st Sf ai Sl gl 8) gi S|] Bi 8] SiS] e] 812 & | 2 leg S| Ai S]alSial4] 4) &f 2] Al 4}a) 4/4) 2/4] 2/4) 2/4] 4/4) 2) 2) Alisiziaiz feet. 15000 rt ie wae(boafeesll sa) Paxa|| sealHeoe |v eateeeae [eatli'y=l ina ces) nail iees Weal ltl ey tenn taeen|(eet HSAl|eeT 14000 ot see see l earl ene ae | see se | eee seeleeeleceleee|[erslece| ere 59 25 68 1/42) 2 13000 oe eee 9 . oe 2 12000 aa wea . 5 11000 bec no sealteeallee ; 10000 or Se mals valb : gooo a i 5 8000 52 53 5 7000 51 65 7 6000 66 73 7 5000 66 "15 eg 9 4.000 72 74. ‘colon yas a 3000 79 97 71/74|76 17 2000 33 95 +++ |84187 Be 1000 93 94. sealiedlivas 8 ° 77 ae pel er cee 5 296 REPORT—1864. The numbers in this Table show, as in all the previous experiments, that the moisture of the air at the same elevation is very different at different times ; and that on the same day the moisture is very differently distributed, there having been on some of the days of experiments several successive wet and dry strata placed one above the other. The numbers in the last columns show the average results at the different elevations, in the two states of cloudy and clear skies, and the number of ex- periments upon which each result is based. By combining those with a cloudy sky with those previously obtained, according to the number of observations upon which each value was based, the following results were obtained :— With an overcast sky, the degree of } 74 from 19 experiments. humidity on the carth was........ AG LOGO tees seein & as, hee es hens 16 55 33 9 20002 52 G8 Shit cabo ber dee 76 ,, 34 2 SOOO! nectar st pars renee oe 18g Be ss BOOT og Meas a bin HERON so awd TB = jy Ad “ BUOU Tey ac Sb cetiees op his « 4 tees 74 4, 16 $e GO00 pare Free ees Perea Ss (ometpeg | 4 0 Us Be eens ore eee a eee 62- +557 FI y BUOO | 59 Ge - de etmemer omnes aotate 54° ,, 1 is SOOO. (5. Be.. cienne ear eiews anette ae BO. 59 A - 1,000 |, 03 sewers revenue AS > 55-410 3 DE000 [igure aninsteatemceed sete mee s AT rep LO 8 1S OOD |, 55 Mays speeieeeOeh bore bck os 52.2 5p 3 6 nf See DID o's ee cen ne huaca fects DBin gy ont is TASCOG | Ay lonaten xciewernt amiss sme Oar sya 3 1S, COO 1,5 ie a s\. CER EEN EET: lhe» DIT% we SB f AG UD bo, nd Gul tapi f dk a 59 <4~ 2 3 FOOD | 55s Eee eee ile Ce OW WS AG. - 998 eS CERO 0) UDRP Mma ae eerie riaaite Sa. wnt’ ad. ye a9 MOOG Ss, coc cee ares snip tates ey a ae PDO 55 gs virkwte eee oe sete ¢-6 >: eae oy PAAUOOY 5 Ss draws eee eerie ow 23.25 - 2 vi 2EODO V5 ce cler Pan we ys point ne DA > yy oh 9s BIO i ceidiwiare tev sinus + owe ews AO s5c3.d0 5 The law of moisture here shown is a slight increase from the earth to the height of 3000 feet, and then a slight decrease to 6000 feet, the degree of humidity being at this clevation nearly of the same yalue as on the ground. From 6000 to 7000 feet there is a large decrease, and then an almost uni- form decrease to 11,000 feet; it increases from 12,000 to 16,000 feet, and then decreases. The number of experiments up to 11,000 feet vary from 10 to 35, and I think great confidence may be placed in the results to this ele- vation; but at heights from 12,000 feet the number of experiments are evi- dently too small to speak with any confidence in respect to the results. By treating the results with a clear or a nearly clear sky in the same way, the following results were obtained. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864, 297 With a clear sky, the degree of humidity was— PMR MAES MEOEEEUID, 8-15, Leyhln ciniaiahs Bois sx wie 59 from 9 experiments. Berd OOO feeb, 2ils acd Ha eS Se He oe Gh, 14 if ee ee bbe Rene " BOGOd 4) 2aat ee Ts. ao ese ble: Baaygte » BO00-s:,, xescearemeP ag. pale wen 34 Aare 2 BRO) 54S Lars or ee a rartisceiea aie «(2 2 ae os NE Bites Sse Sn, Re 62 ,, 15 e MO 255. en) v-a-w'st ares niger igi Basi Li a RO 5 te aw brake ae tote 50 , 14 Rs BME e - a.< ig em 4 ds oe oe Boe ey 8 - Oe oS De a Blan aaa) wat 404 of} WA 99 ees Se Eee. oi 43, 10 > PN ge coo e aces once cscs Sb.frget 18 59 Rs, cn clo ain piel os ties od. o Sleawanet y MEN, bg 5 ES ois ne Maen oo ST egg = Ee re 44, 5 - Meena a ROS ke Pee Pas aS old ays 40 , 5 Pe one ee cL eA A pS Oh 551i Sa civedscnegalals. sre « ci0e © dois BAe pdt 2 - (LT ean ae eee eee 66-0) 2 es SO ee eee SB ee Sie ee POD, AIH ara-sis « F- s oS wa is ea ax | ok S =. Se ener C1 ee Fe | os 22 UU Bee eee ree eee er a a | HA The law of moisture here shown is a slight increase to 1000 feet, a con- siderable increase between 1000 and 2000 feet, a nearly constant degree of humidity from 2000 to 5000 feet, and a gradual decrease afterwards to 12,000 feet; at greater heights the numbers are less regular. The results up to 11,000 feet are based upon experiments varying from 10 to 23, and are most likely very nearly true normal values; at heights exceeding 12,000 feet the number of experiments have varied from 1 to 8, and no great confidence can be placed in them. By comparing the results from the two states of the sky, the degree of humidity of the air up to 1000 feet high is 15 less with a clear sky than with a cloudy ; from 2000 to 5000 feet it is from 4 to 6 less; at 6000 feet the air with a clear sky is much drier than at 5000, but with a cloudy sky it is nearly of the same degree of humidity, so that the difference between the two states is large, amounting to no less than 11; this difference decreases to 0 at 9000 feet, but increases to 4 at 11,000 feet; at heights exceeding 11,000 feet the air with clear skies generally becomes very dry, but with cloudy skies frequently becomes more humid, as was to be expected from the fact of the presence of clouds at heights exceeding 3 and 4 miles, In both states of the sky at extreme elevations the air becomes very dry, but, so far as my experiments go, is never free from water. 298 : REPORT—1864. § 7. Comparison oF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE DEW-POINT, AS DETERMINED BY DIFFERENT INSTRUMENTS AND Muruops, AND CoMPARISON OF THE RESULTS TOGETHER. Taste [X.—Showing the Temperature. of the Dew-point, as determined at about the same height by different instruments and methods, and compa- rison of the results together. Under 1000 feet. Dew-point Temperature of the dew-point as deter- temperatures. mined by Calculated Observed Dry and Wet (free): | Dry and Wet | 5 from by -- Saad Oats . Apecaar by E be ee Baigit-2 he ; ST) et) 2 alee ee — => Sa 4 1 | E.|B2] 8/28] FF) 8] 22] 2 | £3 fees g2| EE) 52/28 | £212 | 22] e8| #2 ee BE] Sa] 22) ee | eo | 28 ae | 26 ae |g'a iy pg |i BD | BOR. ill oBe cd. |, nbd. veot| uetetiae | estate ia eaftaan lied A a~|antliaztla~ lant | at |] am |] am la d h m | feet, s é 5 e F | 5 4 e a ‘3 Aug. 31 6 o |ground| 56°7 Gre —0%3 6 532] 812 | 46° eh ail ASSO s .. |—1'2 6 593} 704] 51°6] .. BE Gilles. .. |+o6 Sept. 29 7 12 |ground) 43°4| 42°4| 43°5] .. ||+r'oj—or] .. J-4T Jan. 12 2 6§ /ground] 3670] .. | 350] -- -» |+1'0 Apr 6 4 8 {ground} 385) .. | 40°°] .. 22 [15 5 25 \ground| 36-7} .. | 37°0| 37°5|| ++ |—o2|—O'7] «+ we [O'S June 13 ..-. |ground| 4477] .- en AAO 2 |-or7 27 6 31 |ground| 49° oe he BAI MAE GNE os |43°5 Between 1000 to 2000 feet. Aug. 31 6 503) 1803 | 454] -- | 45°0| -- “" lto4 G54 | 1287 “| koto) eet) FoI st. 4 oo 6 542} 1775 | 48°2| .. | 4970] «- “* |—o'8 6 553] 1995 | 45°99] -- | 465] -- "+ |-0°6 6 573} 1200 | 49°5| -- | 50°O] -- ss 1—o'5 6rGS) | ear zt| 4.975:| « ie 500 | = DO val =ror 5 Oct. 9 5 31 | 1976 | 38°38} -.- | 400! .«. “9 |— 1-2 5 324] 1930 | 4go'7] .. | 400] .-. ‘> |+0°7 5 344] 1827 | 40°7| .. | 40°O/ .. ++ |40°7 5 36 | 1586 | 4r4] .. | 410] oe ss |+o'4 BSL | Sr7e2 aero .. | 4:350ir a s+ |—o'9 June 3 7 32/1982) \\eggrc]|_.- jo) olla OP5)} | ius 22 [OVS ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. Taste IX, (continued.) Between, 2000 to 3000 feet. 299 Dew-point Temperatures of the dew-point as deter- temperatures. mined by Dry and Wet | & Calculated Observed Dry and Wet (free) aspirated) | from by above that by ih ee vi Z 2s ae Height. s 3s 3 3 # ee aes: || a 33 z Ps a |RSs Pepe |oe (oe hed bea |e let | 2 leek pe [ba | 22 | BE] og | gS) S| eB) BE fe 5 A~ |} AR |see | A~| Am | am | am | em iq d h m| feet. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° Q ° 31 6 16 | 2270 | 464 AsO) 7. -- |—716 6 493| 2466 | 42°8 43°70 +. |-o72 29 7 478| 2129 | 408] .. | 4ro o. |—o'e 7 50 | 2197 | 40°9 ‘42°7 ee +02 9 5 15 | 2369 | 34°99! .. | 28'5 -» [+64 5 254%] 2905 | 314 |" 31°5 —o'1 5 26 | 2554 | 322 33°5 aig: 5 27 | 2386 | 33-2 340 —o'8 5 29 | 2072 | 37°5 36°0 +15 5 30 | 2042 | 38-6 Senet os. +or1 5 39 | 2120 | 40°7 men lh Axed ne) |—O3 ReAo | 2124 | 40:9 a. | Anto| s. -. [—Ot7 IZ 2 18 | 2010 | 42°0| 42°0| .. siz foMfe) 2 19 | 2204 | 38°5| 37°5| -- | 37°0/|+1°0 +15 +0°5 2 20 | 2639 | 37°99] 37°99] .. ai [ofo) Pe PE |) ROBG. | 972713795). oe +o'2 2A23 1) 2775 h39:5 | 337'°5*|. i pei itis 6 4 143] 2170 | 340]... 35°0 —i'o 4 563) 2691 | 31°8 34:0 —2'2 20 6 23 | 2786 | 47°6 43°3 —o'7 6 38 | 2820 | 48°5 48-0 +0°5 From 8000 to. 4000 feet. Aug. 31 6 183) 3263 | 404 45'0 —4°6 Sept. 29 7 523/ 3278 | 35°9 35°5 -» |+0%4 , Io 3153! 3529 | 24°6 25°0 +. |-0'4 Oct. 9 4 58 | 3679 | 2773] .. | 280 24 4|—0'7 4 59 | 3548 | 27°7| -- | 27°5] .. ++ | +O2 5 ©} 3268 | 2970 wot [ose | 2g]. se o"o 5 42] 3125 | 29°6|''.. | 25°5 ‘se [+41 B71 3272 | 29°6 a Zoro +36 5 203] 3275 | 30°2 ie ‘28-0 +2°2 : 5 43 | 3326 | 324/'.. | 33°0 —o'6 April 6 4 18 | 3507 | 315 [". 32°90) 2. —0'5 June 13 7 8 | 3031 | 39°8 aaa 48-5 +13 7 20 | 3461 | 37°0 ade 37°5 —0'°5 7 2341 3327 |. Are|-. 40°6 ||"*.. +10 June 20 6 38 | 2820 | 48-5 oe 48°0 ||"* +05 6 56 | 3390] 47°7|"".. | °..:] 470 +0'7 June 27 7 12 | 3871 | 37°4| .. o* | 392 —18 REPORT—1864. Tasre IX. (continued.) From 4000 to 5000 feet. Dew-point Temperatures of the dew-point as deter- temperatures. d by 3 Dry and Wet | & Calculated Observed Dry and Wet (fi MEP ic Soa” = pics aa (aspirated) |S Date. Height. y ees 2 Ce K g || BA B g w e | pag e.(2¢| 2/22 | 22) 2128] 2] 22 |ee A a] mn - ~ a zs x) 2o |m BE | Ei |32| 26 | Fi| 32/28 | 22] 28 |22" pb | >| Bo m3 | Bb | Ged | gb | A |Av| Am [ar | at] Ag |ad| de | de [4 dh feet. ¥ a = ° 6 i Ms z 31 6 Mga eae) clem || 34:0) Bee =) 0 6 4009 | 33°7 35°O| oe as 29 7 4398 | 31°6| 3271] .. «- ||—o'5 9 4 4409 | 24°2 =| 24°0 ||". 4 AZOz | 25°3)| se | 2670] .-. e. |-O'7 4 4024 | 26:0] .. ss | 26°0]| «a. ee) 4044 | 27°4| «- sreeh (ft 275) || 1 rare 20 6 4006 | 471] «. eo | 48°0]] 2 6 4271 | 49°2| «- ee | 49°0|] we ype 4131 | 36°4.| -. oe | 34°5 || oe 29 14 473° | 443] ss mist 43.5 From 5000 to 6000 feet. 31 5844 | 29°6| .. | 30°0| <. oe |—0'F4 589m | 31:0] oe | 315] « ee |—O'S Sept. 29 8 5789. |'25:2 | =. | 26t0| -s6 ee |—o'8 IO Il | 5613 | 24°9| «- | 25'°0| .. ee |—O'L 9 5499 | 25°5| «- Pee| ZOO || Pare ROC)" 22 271s sone Keyl" se 5054 | 23°4| -- | 22'°0| .. ee [14 12 5200 | 26°5| . sot || 20S ||| — ele : 5610 | 28°38] .. ee | 2975 || ve 6 5827 | 32°2| «os So Meio | ioe From 6000 to 7000 feet. 31 6 66271 (227ril| oem e5Ollunee ee |—2°5 Sept. 29 8 6429 | 25°9| «= | 265) ve «+ |—0'6 8 6385 || 23-4) 2.8 | 200! soe oe [274 8 C6475 C2AnF | ce |Z Toll ree > |+3°7 8 6966 | 20:2] .. | 20°5| .. ee |—O°3 9 4 6506 "| 22°3)| sie | 227O)|! we 4 GS E222 | «082222! le 6 ee 4 6796 | 21°38] .. ee |. 210 || ve 4 O730\| 1777)| ss! | 20:0} |S. ee |—2°3 6 4 WGsee laces.) | 33-0)! "Fs ee [+274 “ss ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 801 Tasre IX. (continued.) From 7000 to 8000 feet. Dew-point Temperatures of the dew-point as deter- temperatures. mined by Calculated Observed Dry and Wet (free) | DY ant Wet 8 f from by above that by aap by Bes ate. Height.|— = : eS i : nes o OL. oo we of e w u rt a3 Ba (PE) ob lee 22 | ei St | 2/28 ee ~| pe | 82) S| pF) eh | be | eh) be i & |8*|da| de | | ae |ae| ae) de 2 dre m-|~feete os a a é = é 6 Ps 3 Aug. 31 6 243] 7549 | I9°0] .- | 22°0| .. —j3°0 6 28 | 7912 | 18°83} «. | 19°75] «- +. |—0'7 6 283] 7912 | 18°38} «. | 2070] .. ee [—1'2 6 32 | 7912 | 18°38] «es | 195] oe +. |—0'7 6 37 | 7022 | 27°4 - | 28:0 : -- |—0°6 Oct. 9 4 43 | 7184 | 169] «. oa | 2070)! aie | "aele == 9° 445 | 72ez-| 1978] ss | ZOO) << +. |—o'2 4 463] 7310 | 180| .. »» | Igo] . +. |—I'o Jan. 12 2 52 | 7602 | -9°8 ee 60 ||. «- [+3°8 3 ©! 7775 | 10°6| «. a: sae | 2a +. |—0o°6 3 2/7931 | 4°2|/—08]-.. -- [l+5'0 Apel 6) 4.48 | '7036.;).29°5 |’ sa | oes | 24s .. +5'0 Aug. 29) 4 25 | 7158 | 37°1| «- setae OSONl were - |—o'9 4 263) 7578 | 30°2| .- ee i sZOH5}||| vale va Noe 5 16 | 7352 | 19°2| o« ois AOsO! || erg e- |tor2 From 8000 to 9000 feet. Sept. 29 8 16 | 8041 | 13°8] .. | r5'0| .. +. |—12 8 18 | 8259 | 16-4] 14°7| .. ee |b x7 8 20 | 8446 | 17°9| 15°5] ee ee [+274 Io 7 | 8439 |—6:9| .. |—50/ .. oe ig Jan, 12 3 9 | 8894] 7:2| 8-5|-.. Abe wl le Se, April 6 4 30 | 8083 | 25°3| .. slate | ROE TOs a> |+0°3 a a eR ae ee From 9000 to 10,000 feet. SSS EE EEE EE ee eee Sept. 29 10 53] 9425 |—5°8| .- |—sto| .. +. |—0'8 Jan. 12 3 11 | g105 |—o'5}—or2| .. «2 ||-0%3 3 153] 9500 | 8:6] 13°5| .. -» ||—4°'9 3 16 | 9500 |—3°5 |—7°5 |—2'0 |—2"0 ||-+-4"0 |—3°5 |—1°5 |—5°5 |—5"5| oro 3 163] 9500] 3°38] 4°5] .. Jey || O77 Beiseigss6e)! 123:)) x5) a. ee, || —o'2 ‘ 3 19 | 9822 | 7°38} 15] .. e+ ||4+63 April 6 4 343) 9090 | 20°0] .. og | LOn || en os |+1°8 Aug. 29 5 9] 9740| 212] .. = | 2050" ae ee [12 From 10,000 to 11,000 feet. 0 ES Jan. 12 April 6 4 38 [10987 3 213/10093 |—1°7| .. —2°0 TGE3 |e toe ee ee El La A Cle | ae | 302 REPORT—1864., Tasre IX. (continued.) From 11,000 to 12,000 feet. ti f the dew-poi - Dew-point tempexabitels Temperatures a ame i point as deter Calculated Observed Dry and Wet (free) pce g Date. Height. from by above that by above that by| #2 Re Saal eas » ee. 3 E ee E = Z a baa s./E¢| S]e8 |e3] 8] 28 | § | 28 |RSe as aes no | »o a2 me ae ao|eo 2 eh a2 | 38158 | 28] 68) 88 | 28 | S8 | 28 B82 ak} ea} oo = Ss) 2k a) oS se | rp | bs | ee] S2] es | ge) BS) ge) Bele a a |;aml/enm | a~| am | a= | am | am ia d hm| feet. 5 aa 3 ° ° ° ° Sept. 29 8 40 |11592|—2°7|. -- 2.75 kos) BLES 52, $ 4¥)| 165424 |....) |. .3°OW oe. +. (=44 Jan. IZ 3 28 | 11664)|—7"°2 |--.. |. .0°O}' os. ices —7'2 _ From 12,000 ta 13,000 feet. Sept. 29 8 44%/12305] 61] .. Quen heer eer +11 3) 58) | rego | t275 |"... ergot... |\*-.4 6 |eore 8 59) |} r29a6) Trt5 fs rg i *.. -s |—2°0 9 GL hrega6 fog = a errs. Si. «meen IO © | 12ho4 J—1'7/".. [670 |* "2. 1”. eR Argiy eee Aug. 29 4 39 |12973| 160/ .. a 2a: .. |+4'o Beege rzsGGi "0-4/2. ts Gralla. -- |-o%4 From 13,000 to-14,000 feet. Sept. 299 4 | 13025 | i3°g uu. | a4to|” .s -. |—0'7 9 IG |-13279]. 98], -» f-02'O| oe |]. fae Oki Presser o'r || te jorale |e «. [—-1'4 Cy ee sehr Oral Ses (a al ey -» [274 9 52°) 19175 | 674+] -.% Gee wor, -. -|—0°6 9 56 |13947|—0°5] .. Oil! ere -. |—O'5 9°57 |13947|—670] «+ |—370| .. so From 14,000 to 15,000 feet. Sept. 29 9 48 |14308] 72 "* 80 é —o'8 9 49 |14031| 69] .. bod aera | a faa a Aug. 29 4 56 |14086/—24| .. ce I73'°| a8 -- |-+0°6 ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 303 Taser X. Excess of Temperature of the Dew- point as found by Dry and Wet Thermometers (free) above that found by Heights between 3 2 22 & D nev ee 2 Sees oite Bee os aS 6 bo So 3 Am A fa=4e") vA feet. feet. 5 3 o tO 1000 —o'2 7 +12 3 I000 4, 2000 —0'2 II —1'5 I 2000 5, 3000 +04 10 —o'4 6 3000 , 4000} +04 Io +o'2 6 4000 ,, 5000 —o8 3 +073 7 5000 ,, -6000 —o'l 5 oro 5 6000 ,, 7000 +043 3 +o0'5 2 7ooo 5 8000] —I'l 6 +0°5 8 8000 ,, 9goco =1°5 2 +073 I gooo 4, 10000 —1's I +0'5 3 10000 4, IIO00O0 +03 I +15 2 II000 4, 12000 —56 ht i te adn 12000 ,, 13000 +0°3 5 +22 2 13000 ,, 14000 —o'8 7 sa pe 14000 ,, 15000 —Tr'o > +0°6 I In the experiments of every year there seems to be no certain difference in the determinations of the temperature of the dew-point by Daniell’s and Regnault’s hygrometers, and this temperature, determined by the use of the dry- and wet-bulb thermometers, seems to be very closely approximate in- deed to the results obtained by either of these instruments, as can be seen by the following comparison of results as found from all the simultaneous determinations of the temperature of the dew-point by Daniell’s hygrometer and the dry- and wet-bulb thermometers (free). The temperature of the dew-point by the dry- and wet-bulb (free) Exps. up to 1000 feet was 0-1 lower than by Daniell’s hygrometer, from 21. From 1000 to 2000 feet was 0-1 lower than by 3 from 40. 2000 to 5000 feet was 0-1 lower than by ie from 54. 3000 to 4000 feet was the same as by a from 60. 4000 to 5000 feet was 0-4 lower than by = from 33. 5000 to 6000 feet was 0-6 lower than by © ee from 33. 6000 to 7000 feet was 0-2 lower than by 55 from 34. 7000 to 8000 feet was the same as by os from 8, 8000 to 9000 feet was 1-5 higher than by ~ from 2. 9000 to 10,000 feet was 1-2 higher than by 5 from 2. 10,000 to 11,000 feet was 0-3 higher than by 3 from 1. 11,000 to 12, 000 feet was 5°6 lower than by oe from 3. 12,000 to 13, 000 feet was 0-3 higher than by = from 5. 13, 000 to 14, 000 feet was 0-8 lower than by 35 from 7. 14,000 to 15,000 feet was 1-0 lower than by - from 2. The number of experiments made up to the height of 7000 feet varying as 21 to 60 in each 1000 feet, as taken in the last 3 years, is sufficient to 304 REPORT—1864. enable us to speak with confidence ; the results are that the temperatures of the dew-point, as found by the use of the dry- and wet-bulb thermometers and my Hygrometrical Tables, are worthy of full confidence up to this point. At heights exceeding 7000 feet, the three years’ experiences do not yield a sufficient number of experiments to give satisfactory results. Before we can speak with certainty at these elevations more experiments must be made. Taste XI.—Simultaneous readings of a delicate blackened bulb thermometer fully exposed to the sun’s rays, and of a delicate thermometer carefully shaded from the influence of the sun, the bulbs of the two instruments being within 3 inches of each other, together with observations by Herschel’s actinometer, at different elevations. August 31, 1863. Height above mean sea-level. Time of obser- vation. hm s feet. 615 40op.m.| 1963 19 9 » 4167 20 40 ,, 5403 24,0 55 7315 32 O35; 7912 34) One, 7621 37 $1 Oi 35 7022 37 3° 5 6898 42 30 5, 5289 46 15 4, | 4009 47 3° 3480 51 32 (fy I193 55 3° 1» 1995 Temperature of ‘Shaded Thermo- meter. ° 525 A5i= 420 34°0 34°0 36'0 38°0 38°5 38°5 415 42°1 43'2 50°0 Blackened Bulb Ther- mometer. ° 52°0 46°0 42°5 Sie 3772 Bo) aie) 38°2 39/2 42°0 425 43°5 51°0 Excess of reading of Blackened Bulb Ther- mometer. +o'5 +08 +0'5 +3°0 +3°0 +370 +1°'0 —OEs +o'5 +0'5 +0°4 +03 +10 Remarks, Sun shining. Blue sky. Blue sky. Losing sight of the sun. In basin of cloud; misty. Tn clouds. September 29, 1863. 7 52 Oam 2870 7259 Omess 5314 8 oo » 5473 Rp eh -y 6117 Ain OmSs 6325 5 o » 6429 60 6385 TLIC? ;; 7201 13 0 y 7671 200. ne, 8446 28 0 is, 9563 42°0 35°2 33°8 315 313 + 30°5 30'0 28°5 27°2 262 2175 181 43°0 360 34°2 32°0 31°8 315 310 29°2 28°1 27'°2 23°0 13°4. +10 +0°8 +94 nos +0°5 +10 +10 +07 +or9 +1'o +15 +0°3 Faint sun. The liquid in the chamber of the actinometer fully exposed did not move at all. Faint gleams of light. The reading of the actinometer did not change. A faint sun. Gleams of sun, ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 AanpD 1864. 805 Taste XI.—September 29 (continued). Height Temperature of Excess of. . al ri pean, VE ac. cbdy t-1, | FOROS 0: Time of obser- | Tnean_ | Shaded | Blackened Blackened % sea-level. | Thermo- |Bulb Ther-/Bulb Ther- meter. mometer. | mometer. hm i s feet. ° ° ° 8 44 3joa.m.| 12416 12°2 12°5 +0°3 a7 05; 12414 14°2 16°5 +23 49 © 5, 12857 162 16°2 [ole) 53 O° » 12666 17°8 20°0 +2°2 54 0 » 12533 | 178 19°5 +1°7 57 © » | 42704 | 17°5 20°9 | +34 2) Oe 12926 II's 13'0 F1'5 Celery 13025 15'0 I5‘0 oro Ta Ole 55 13030 I5'0 16°5 +1°5 a Ol 5, 13160 16'0 I9‘0 +3'0 an '55 14218 131 131 foe) TO! 5; 13791 12-2) 12°2 oo 230 yy 13695 72 b foXfo) +2°8 2550 ,; 13807 3'0 6:0 +3'0 Ba 'O: 55 15517 2°90 4°6 +2°6 Ba S), 5) 16590 oo oo oo gZ6, 0. 14219 75 10'0 $2°5 38 0 » | 14175 60 85 | 42°5 43 9 » | 13897 6:0 85 | 25 47 ° » 14155 9°5 12°0 +2°5 49 O° » 14031 | 13°0 17°! +471 49 3° 13175 | 13°9 19°0 +51 ROMO, 13175 I4'l 18°9 +4°8 E25 .O)* 5» 13175 I5‘I 18°9 +3°8 54 9° » 14459 13°I 15-2 +21 55 9 » | 14347 | 13°2 150 | +1°8 56 © » | 13947 | 13°5 Lh Oi = Ki 57° 9° » 13947 13°2 TES +4°3 58 © 4» | 13332 | 41 190 | +4°9 Ron Ges, 12642 170 210 +4'0 1a) 53030. ,, 10534. 21°0 25°2 +42 FeO 55 10284 22°0 27'0 +5'0 § Oo x 9671 | 2370 28-5 | +5°5 60, 9179 | 252 | 295 | +473 630 ,, 8933 | 26:0 30°0 | +4°0 7 3° » 8209 | 27°0 319 | +49 Ir 0 y 5618 | 34°5 Seo | aS 16 oO", 3224 412 49°2 +8'o 70" 5, 2828 42°0 49°0 +7°0 19 ° » 2039 | 47°0 Ee ies 40), 0 ,, .| ground. | ...... AEA Weld ae Remarks. No sun. Clouds above. The reading of the actinometer decreased on exposing it to the sun. Sun shining. * A bright sun. The increase of scale reading by the actino- meter was 5 divisions in 1™, Sun shining. The scale reading of the actinometer increased 3 divisions ; then 4 divs.; then 5 divs. in 1™, and decreased 5 divisions in the shade in 1™. Sun shining brightly. The in- crease of actinometer scale di- visions in 1™ was7 divisions. Sun shining. The actinometer increased 8 divisions in one minute; then 7 divisions in one minute; and then 8 divi- sions in one minute, The increase of scale division in 1™ by the actinometer was 20 divs.; then 25 divs., andat 2500 ft. 25 divs. The actinometer increase in 1™ was 48 divs. 1864, 306. 00 z B oooo°o w wo Wo Ww WwW WwW worm w& Nn Onood0oond wo vo wo Bowne 3 On 0 6 OUx ONO.0 Oo fomme) w [omre) oo00o000e00C00C00000000000000000000 0 Time of obser- vation. REPORT—1864, January 12, 1864. Height Temperature of DOVE) |= 5) elie et mean Shaded | Blackened sea-level. | Thermo- |Bulb Ther- meter. mometer. feet. 5 a ground | 42°70 418 655 400 39°5 1336 410 41‘ 1816 43°0 43°5 2639 440 44°0 2687 44°0 44°0 2735 -44°0 44-1 2775 44°0 44°0 2689 44'2 44°0 2689 44°5 45°0 8905 44°5 447 3282 43°5 43°0 3821 41°5 41'5 5924. 32° 320 6144 32°5 32°7 6678 30°0 30°0 6650 | 29°5 29°3 6984 30°8 30°7 7277 310 31'0 7614. 29°2 29'2 7944 gRy5 30°5 8118 30°5 30°5 7931 27°2 23°0 8086 27°2 27° 5 8189 27°2 27:2) 8346 26°5 26°5 8766 26°90 26°0 9104. 245 24°5 9437 Zo SOE: 9500 20°5 20°5 9500 20°5 20°5 9500 20°5 20°5 9560 21'0 21°0 9586 210 210 9822 20°0 20°0 10090 17'2 172 Toogo 72, E7r Io319 16'2 1672 10469 F5°5 152 10469 15'0 I5'0 To6Ig 14'0 14'0 10289 16°2 16°5 Io221 162 162 10085 16:2 162 10017 16°2 16°2 9921 36°5 16°5 9516 16°38 16°8 9408 Lee, 17 2 9273 18'0 182 9316 180 18°2 9199 13°5 13°5 8939 21'0 21°0 8765 21r'0 270 7993 22°5 22°5 7447 23/2 232 5465 28'5 28°5 5142 30°3 305 3091 372 37°5 Excess of reading of Blackened Bulb Ther- mometer. Remarks. Atmosphere thick and misty. Over the river Thames. Cloudy. Cloudy. Cloudy. Tn snow. No use could be made of the actinometer at all in this ascent. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 807 Height _ April 6, 1864, Temperature of nia ad hs ee ae se Shaded | Blackened Blackened Remarks. i ee sea-level. | Thermo- |Bulb Ther-|Bulb Ther- meter, | mometer, | mometer. hms feet. Ss ° ° 4 Io Io p.m. 867 42°0 43'0 +10 | Very misty. 16 0 ;, 2775 34°5 35°9 ame TOEEO« i, 3884 32°0 34°1 +2°1 Borgo) ;, 4404. 34°2 35°5 +1°3 | Cloudy. 2a OF .; 5251 3672 33°1 +1'9 Zao. 5, 5827 36°0 36°2 +o'2 GENO? \55 6500 34°2 348 +0°6 29 © » | 7493 40°2 42°1 +19 34 20 » 8854. 342 35°1 +09 R00" 5, | Torss 35°2 41°0 +53 990 ,, | 10470 43°0 48°5 +5:5 | Sun shining; could not get the BOVE ||; 8642 46°8 510 +42 sun to shine full on the acti- Ago. ,; 7783 47°0 52°0 +5'0 nometer, and did not succeed AaeR0 5 7524. 46°2 53:8 +6°8 in obtaining one good result. AGO} 5, 7869 460 5370 +7°0 46 30 5 | 7947 46°0 53°09 | +770 47 32 5 7410 46-2 54°0 +7°8 48 0 4, | 7036 46°2 53°7 +6'5 5O 30) ;, 6153 44/0 47°0 +3°0 | Entered cloud. 54.0 5, 3821 410 410 oro June 13, 1864. 7 7135 p.m.| 2880 522 53°70 +o0'8 Io 0 ,, 2837 57 53°0 +13 RECS 5, 2380 52°38 55°5 +2°7 | Sun bright. 2 © ;, 2300 53°3 56°0 +2°7 17 30 4, | 3106 47°2 47°5 +0°3 19 © 4» | 3350 46°7 46°3 04 3245 » 3349 48-2 48°5 +0°3 46 30 | 2550 515 5270 | +0'5 June 20, 1864. 6 19 30 p.m 1550 59°0 59°90 oo 20 30 5, 2006 53'2 58:2 oo | Misty all round, ZI 20) 2236 53°2 58°3 +o'1 | June 27, 1864, 1578 3871 3845 3322 4796 3958 2994 54°0 46°2 43° 47°2 4471 42°0 43°0 53°5 45'0 42°0 45°0 41'5 41°5 44°0 O55 —1'2 —Ir'l —272 —2°6 = O'R +1'0 Sun at the edge of cloud. Sun shining on the blackened bulb thermometer. x 2 308 REPORT—1864. August 29, 1864. Height Temperature of Excess of F above reading of ‘Time of obser- mean Shaded | Blackened | Blackened Remarks. vations sea-level. | Thermo- |Bulb Ther-|Bulb Ther- meter. mometer, | mometer. ihm) is feet. ° 3 ° 417 opm.| 4730 54°2 54'0 —o'2 17 30 » 5066 54°2 54°8 —0°6 20 0 » 5767 54°2 52°0 —2'2 26 30 5», 7578 50°2 52'°0 +1°8 35: 20m. 12700 33°5 3570 +1°5 39 O 5, | 12773 32°8 35°2 +2°4 44 © 5, | 14000 346 42°0 +7°4 | Sun hot. 47 30 955 | 14317 35°5 42°0 +65 49 30 »y | 14581 34°2 35°5 a5 55M 0 5 14086 31° 37°0 +6°0 Re Taoe 4% 9268 36°2 42°0 +58 II 30 5 9143 372 43°0 +58 1 0 , D352 42°5 510 +8°5 On August 31, at the height of 7000 and 8000 feet high, the blackened bulb thermometer exposed to the full influence of the sun, read 3° only higher than the shaded thermometer. On September 29, at the height of 14,000 feet, the excess of reading of the blackened bulb thermometer was 24° only under a bright sun, and the in- erease of readings of the actinometer was 3 divisions to 5 divisions only ; at 13,000 feet the excess of blackened bulb readings increased to 4° and 5°, and the increase in one minute of the actinometer readings were 7 to 8 divi- sions. At the height of 3000 and 4000 feet the influence of the sun increased, raising the blackened bulb to 7° and 8° in excess of the readings of the shaded thermometer; the scale readings of the actinometer increased to 20 and 25 divisions in one minute, and on reaching the ground the increase in the same time was from 48 to 50 divisions, On January 12 the readings of the exposed and shaded thermometers were nearly always alike. On April 6 I was unable to use the actinometer, and never succeeded in placing it properly. The excess of reading of the blackened bulb thermometer was but small during the cloudy state of the sky, and increased to 5° and 6° at 10,000 feet, this excess becoming larger on descending into the lower atmosphere, until cloud was entered. On June 13 the excess was at all times small. On June 20, at many inspections the readings of the two thermometers were identical. On June 27 the exposed thermometer nearly always read lower than the shaded thermometer; on examination of these instruments afterwards, they were both found to read correctly. On August 29 the blackened bulb thermometer read lower than the shaded thermometer, when 6000 feet were passed; it then read higher, increasing to 7° at 14,000 feet high. From all these experiments it seems that the heat-rays from the sun for the small bulb of a thermometer, communicate very little or no heat to it, and the heat is less in proportion to the less density of the atmosphere; si- milar results being shown by the use of Herschel’s actinometer. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864, 309 On THE OXYGENIC CONDITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE, August 31, 1863, At 6" 20™ 308 p.m., at 4907 feet. There was no ozone. At 6" 37™ 308 p.m., at 6898 feet. There was no ozone. September 29, 1863, At 8" 1" a.m., at 5789 feet. There was no ozone by paper test. At 8" 2" a.m., at 6000 feet. No ozone by powder test. At 8" 41™ a.m., at 11,654 feet. Ozone by powder tinged to 4, At 9" 16™ a.m., at 13,805 feet. No ozone by paper. At 9" 57™ a.m., at 13,947 feet. No ozone. At 9" 57™ 30° a.m., at 13,747 feet. Ozone powder coloured to 8, January 12, 1864, At 2" 57™ p.m., at 7044 feet. Ozone=1. At 3" 6™ p.m., at 8346 feet. Ozone=1. At 3" 10™ p.m., at 9104 feet. Ozone=1. ' At 3" 16™ p.m., at 9500 feet. Ozone=1. Iodide paper coloured to 1. At 3"17™ p.m., at 9536 feet. Ozone=1. Iodide paper coloured to 1. June 27, 1864, At 7" 2™ p.m., at 1134 feet. Ozone paper tinged to 1, powder to 2. At 7" 36™ p.m., at 4270 feet. Ozone paper tinged to 2, powder to 3. At 7° 51™ p.m., at 4115 feet. Ozone paper tinged to 3, powder to 4. August 29, 1864. At 4" 33™ p.m., at 10,875 feet. Ozone coloured to 1. At 4" 47™ 30° p.m., at 14,317 feet. Ozone paper coloured to 2. Hereuts anp APPEARANCE OF THE CLouDs. August 31, 1863. At 6" 14™ 30° p.m., at 1145 feet. Entering the clouds. At 6" 14™ 40* p.m., at (1262) feet. Above the clouds. At 6" 15" p.m., at (1496) feet. Cumulus clouds below, in detached masses. At 6" 15™ 40° p.m., at 1963 feet. Cumulus and seud far below. At 6" 17™ 40° p.m., at (2737) feet. Cumulus in white heaps on our level. Sun shining on some clouds, but not others. At 6" 20™ 30% p.m., at (4907) feet. Cumulus in beautiful hills, cirrocu- mulus above us at angles of 45° and 75°. Cumulus far above, the same as on July 21, 1862, At 6" 21™ 30° p.m., at 6404 feet. Cirrus above; clouds piled up in heaps around, above and below us, peak upon peak. A very dark cloud witha little blue in it. At 6" 25™ 40° p.m., at (7629) feet. Cirrus, cirrocumulus and blackish- brown strata above. Clouds all shapes and sizes. Masses of cumulus in dis- torted forms. Rocky clouds below us. 810 j REPORT—1864, At 6" 29™ 508 p.m., at (8033) feet. Rainbow between lower cumulus and upper clouds. : At 6" 31™ p.m., at 8033 feet. Very small patches of cirrus. At 6" 32™ 308 p.m., at 7912 feet. Another rainbow over clouds in rocky heaps. Colours of the clouds opposite to the sun:—Top layer (1) brown ; (2) bluish black ;.(3) darker bluish black; (4) thin layer of white; (5) greenish brown; (6) uniform rocky clouds forming the base of everything. At 6" 35™ p.m., at (7480) feet. Colour of the clouds under the sun :—Top layer (1) brown; (2) dark blue; (8) whitish grey-black ; (4) uniform rocky cumulus clouds. At 6" 37" p.m., at 7022 feet. Patches of cumulus apparently resting on the earth. At 6" 37™ 10% p.m., at 6980 feet. The colour of the clouds opposite to the sun :—Top layer (1) brown; (2) bluish brown; (3) rocky brown clouds ; (4) bluish black; (5) uniform base of rocky cumulus. At 6° 38™ 308 p.m., at 6626 feet. Edge of cumulus and brownish cloud tinged by the sun. The tops of the peaks of the rocky clouds on nearly the same level as ourselves. Saw straggling bits of cloud between the upper and lower strata. At 6" 43™ p.m., at 5389 feet. Peaks after peaks rising up to our level. and clearly defined against the sky; a cloud with a little red in it, not opposite to the sun. View confined on all sides by peaks of cloud, higher on three sides than on the fourth. At 6" 44™ 30° p.m., at 4865 feet. In a basin of clouds, higher on three sides than on the fourth. At 6" 45™ 308 p.m., at 4452 feet. Entering into the clouds. At 6° 46™ 158 p.m., at 4009 feet. In basin of clouds ; misty. At 6" 46™ 408 p.m., at (3886) feet. Just entering into cloud. At 6" 47™ p.m., at 3787 feet. Just in clouds. At 6" 47" 108 p.m., at (8685) feet. In white mist. At 6" 48™ 30° p.m., at (2908) feet. . Steady leaden sky above; layers of detached clouds below. At 6" 50™ p.m., at (2061) feet. A uniform stratum of cloud above. At 6" 54™ p.m., at 1287 feet. In clouds. At 6" 54™ 10° p.m., at 1580 feet. Above the clouds. Colours of the clouds :—Top layer (1) deep greenish blue ; (2) bluish black ; (3) green rocky clouds ; (4) slightly rocky clouds. At 6" 55™ p.m., at 2024 feet. In clouds again. At 6" 56™ 30° p.m., at (1597) feet. In uniform white mist. September 29, 1863. Before starting the sky was cloudy. At 7" 46™ a.m., at 1092 feet. Misty all round, east the clearest. At 8° 4™ 308 a.m., at 6375 feet. Clouds above and below. At 8" 5™ a.m., at 6429 feet. There are clouds very high above us. At 8" 18™ a.m., at 8259 feet. Dense clouds above us, very high indeed ; there are two layers below us. At 8" 20™ a.m., at 8446 feet. Misty. At 8" 24" a.m., at 9193 feet. Many clouds apponaite on the ground, twelve cumuli in a patch. _ At 8" 25" a.m., at 9252 feet. Detached cumuli apparently resting on the ground like huge swans in some places, in others as though there had been a simultaneous discharge of heavy ordnance. Three distinct layers of cloud. Roe, ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 811 At 8° 34™ 408, a.m. at 11,082 feet. Beautiful blue tinge over bed of clouds. At 8" 35™ a.m., at 11,062 feet. Clouds a mile above us at least. At 8 49" a.m., at 12,857 feet. Clouds above us. : At 8" 52™ 308 a.m., at 12,800 feet. Stratus clouds, some on our level and some at a higher elevation. At 8" 54™ 30° a.m., at 12,818 feet. A very great variety of cloud. At 8" 55™ a.m., at 12,818 feet. Stratus on our level, sixteen distinct cumuli apparently resting on the ground, like smoke on discharging ordnance. At 8° 57™ a.m., at 12,704 feet. A beautiful tinge of blue over the clouds. At 8" 58™ a.m., at 12,593 feet. Seas of white rocky cloud; mist. At 9° 1™ a.m., at 12,926 feet. Counted forty separate cumuli, apparently resting on the earth. At 9° 3™ a.m., at 13,025 feet. Sun bringing mist up vertically. At 9" 8™ a.m., at 13,160 feet. Clouds are above us still. At 9° 12™ a.m., at 13,882 feet. Clouds are above us still. October 9, 1863. Before starting the sky was clear. At 4" 31™ p.m., at 1573 feet. The sky was cloudless except near the horieon. At 4" 44™ p.m., at 7193 feet. Rose coloured cumuli clouds in the 8.; white in the W. ; no clouds except near the horizon. At 5" 10" p.m., at 2863 feet. Misty. At 5" 25" p.m., at 3383 feet. The western sky is magnificent, the eastern is dotted with fine cumuli. At 5" 32™ 30° p.m., at 1930 feet. A thin mist. January 12, 1864. Before starting the sky was cloudy, overcast, the air misty and thick. At 2" 20™ p.m., at 2639 feet. Cloudy. At 2" 21™ 30° p.m., at 2735 feet. In fog. At 2" 41™ 30° p.m., at 6650 feet. Cloudy. At 3" 32™ p.m., at 11,774 feet. Snow-granules. At 3" 36™ p.m.,.at 11,007 feet. Snow fine and thin. At 3" 41™ 30° p.m., at 9026 feet. Clouds below us, a great dense cloud . above us. At 3" 45™ p.m., at 7732 feet. Above cloud ; line of cloud due N. and §. At 3" 47™ p.m., at 7447 feet. Line of cloud remarkable, very well defined. At 3" 47™ 30° p.m., at 7226. About entering cloud. At 3" 48™ p.m., at 6967 feet. In cloud. At 3" 49™ p.m., at 6640 feet. Out of cloud. At 3" 50™ 30° p.m., at 6040 feet. Very misty. At 4" 8™ 30° p.m., at 1324 feet. Very misty. April 6, 1864. - Before starting the sky was uniformly cloudy; there was no sun, and objects were misty in the distance. . At 4" 10™ 10° p.m., at 867 feet. Very misty. At 4" 14™ 30° p.m., at 2170 feet. Misty; entering cloud. At 4" 20™ p.m., at 4260 feet. Two layers of cloud. At 4" 23™ p.m., at 5251 feet. No break in the clouds. At 4" 50™ 30° p.m., at 6153 feet. Entered cloud. _ At 4" 51™ p.m., at 5536 feet. Stratus clouds on our level. 312 REPORT—1864. June 13, 1864. Before starting the sky was cloudless, the horizon misty. At 7° 28™ 30°. p-m., at 3543 feet. The horizon was misty all round. June 20, 1864. Before starting the sky was cloudy. At 6" 19™ p.m., at 1462 feet. Misty all round. At 6" 24™ p.m., at 3086 feet. Clouds under us. At 6" 24™ 30% p.m., at 3214 feet. Clouds around us. At 6" 25" p.m., at 3375 feet. Entering cloud. At 6" 26™ p.m., at 3696 feet. In a white cloud; fog; can see nothing; the clouds are blacker above than below. At 6" 44™ p.m., at 3549 feet. Misty below. At 6" 45™ p.m., at 3669 feet. Black mist below. Clouds apparently blacker below than above, entering cloud. At 6" 51™ p.m., at 4271 feet. ‘Still j in cloud. At 6" 54™ 308 p.m., at 4130 feet. Clouds darker. June 27, 1864. Before starting the sky was covered with cirrocumulus. At 6" 34™ 30° p.m., at 484 feet. Misty. At 7° 49™ 208 p.m., at 4471 feet. Very misty. At 8" 15™ 30° p.m., at 3579 feet. Clear sky above. August 29, 1864. At 4" 19™ p.m., at 5664 feet. Cirri above. APPEARANCE OF THE SKY. August 31, 1863. At 6" 33™ 308 p.m., at (7696) feet. Blue sky above. At 6" 54" p.m., at 1287 feet. Sky ofa greenish colour. September 29, 1863. At 9" 20™ a.m., at 13,695.feet. Blue sky above. October 9, 1863. At 5" 10™ p.m., at 2863 feet. Blue sky above. June 27, 1864. At 7" 44™ 30° p.m., at 4597 feet. Light blue sky. August 29, 1864. At 4" 19™ p.m., at 5664 feet. Deep blue sky. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 3138 VELOCITY OF THE WIND BY THE BALLOON, AND BY Rosrnson’s ANEMOMETER AT THE Roya OnsERVATORY, GREENWICH. On September 29 the balloon left Wolverhampton at 7" 43™ a.m., and fell near Sleaford, a point 95 miles from the place of ascent, at 10" 30™ a.m. During this time the horizontal movement of the air was 33 miles as regis- tered at Wrottesley Observatory. On October 9 the balloon left the Crystal Palace at 4" 29™ p.m., and de- scended at Pirton Grange, a point 35 miles from the place of ascent, at 6" 30™ p-m. Robinson’s anemometer during this time registered 8 miles at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, as the horizontal movement of the air. On January 12 the balloon left the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, at 2" 8™ p.m., and descended at Lakenheath, a point 70 miles from the place of ascent, at 4" 19" p.m. At the Royal Observatory, by Robinson’s anemometer, during this time the motion of the air was 6 miles only. On April 6 the balloon left the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, at 4° 8™ p.m. Its correct path is not known, as it entered several different currents of air, the earth being invisible owing to the mist; it descended at Sevenoaks, in Kent, at 5"17™ p.m., a point 15 miles from the place of ascent. 5 miles was registered during this time by Robinson’s anemometer at the Royal Observa- tory, Greenwich. On June 13 the balloon left the Crystal Palace at 7" 0™ p.m., and descended at East Hornden, a point 20 miles from the place of ascent, at 8" 15™ p.m. Robinson’s anemometer during this time registered 17 miles at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. On August 29 the balloon left the Crystal Palace at 4" 6™ p.m., and de- scended at Wybridge, at 5" 30™ p.m., a point 13 miles from the place of ascent. During this time 15 miles was registered by Robinson’s anemometer at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. DrIREctTIon OF THE WIND. September 29, 1863. Before starting, the wind was from the 8.W., and remained so during the ascent and descent of the balloon. October 9, 1863. Before starting the wind was from the S.E. At 4" 34" p.m., at 3700 feet. Changed direction from N.W. to N. At 5° 13™ p.m., at 2715 feet. Moving N.W. again. January 12, 1864. At 2" 9" p.m., at 655 feet. Changing direction towards the 8S.W.; wind N.E. At 2" 10™ p.m., at 1328 feet. Moving W.; wind E. At 2" 11™ p.m., at 1518 feet. Wind 8.W. At 2" 19™ p.m., at 2204 feet. Wind still S.W. At 2" 32™ 30% p.m., at 5401 feet. We are now going northwards; wind S. 3 At 3" 3" p.m., at 8086 feet. Changed direction; moving N.N.E.; wind S.W. At 3" 20™ p.m., at 10,017 feet. Entered a §8.8.E. current. 314 a REPORT—1864, April 6, 1864. Before starting the wind was from the 8S.E. At 4” 14" p.m., at 2161 feet. Entered a W.S.W. current. On THE PROPAGATION OF SounD. August 31, 1863. At 6" 13™ 308 p.m., at 648 feet. People heard shouting. At 6" 15™ 40° p.m., at 1963 feet. Could hear a loud buzzing noise ; rail- way whistle heard. At 6 37™ p.m., at 7022 feet. No sound of any sort. At 6" 57™ 30° p.m., at 1200 feet. Heard children’s voices. September 29, 1863. At 8" 13™ a.m., at 7671 feet. The report of a gun was heard. At 8" 46™ 30° a.m., at (12,415) feet. The report of a gun was heard. At 9" 11™ 158 a.m., at (13,602) feet. A shrill whistle in the balloon was heard as a ringing sound for 10 seconds, afterwards passing down the balloon. At 9" 45™ a.m., at 14,224 feet. The report of a gun again heard. October 9, 1868. At 4" 39™ 308 p.m., at 6277 feet. The deep roar of London heard. At 4" 40™ p.m., at 6506 feet. The roar of London deep and continuous. At 4" 48™ p.m., at 7087 feet. The roar of London very deep. At 5" 3™ p.m., at 3067 feet. Noise of London heard. January 12, 1864. At 2" 46™ p.m., at 6885 feet. Can hear the ticking of a steam-threshing machine. At 2 48™ p.m., at 7118 feet. Can hear people’s voices. June 13, 1864. At 7" 21™ p.m., at 3291 feet. Heard the report of a gun 10 seconds after seeing the flash. June 20, 1864. At 6" 29™ p.m., at 4102 feet. Can hear the ticking of a watch plainly. At 6" 30™ p.m., at 4122 feet. Heard a railway train. At 6" 51” p.m., at 4271 feet. Heard the report of a gun. At 6" 54™ 30° p.m., at 4130 feet. A church clock striking. _ June 27, 1864. At 7" 45™ p.m., at 4699 feet. Heard a dog barking. At 7° 53™ p.m., at 3958 feet. Can hear voices. At 8" p.m., at 3604 feet. The report of a gun heard. At 8" 6™ p.m., at 2594 feet. The report of a gun again heard. At 8" 8™ 30° p.m., at 2529 feet. Heard the whistle of a railway train. At 8" 29™ 30° p.m., at 2003 feet. Sounds very distinctly heard. At 8" 33™ p.m., at 1936 feet. A bell heard with a clear sound. At 8" 39™ p.m., at 2337 feet, Heard the report of a gun again. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv» 1864. 815 PuystoLocicaL OBSERVATIONS, January 12, 1864. At 3" 39™ 30% p.m., at 9516 feet. Mr. Norris reddish blue, Mr. Coxwell darker, and Mr. Glaisher redder than usual. June 20, 1864. At 6" 31™ 30° p.m., at 3938 feet. The number of pulsations in a minnte were as follows :—Mr. Goodchild, 90; Mr. Allport, the same; Master Glaisher, 86; Mr. Jackson and Mr. Coxwell, 94; Mr. Glaisher, 96; Mr. Knight, 110; and Mr. Bourne, 112. At 6" 51™ 30° p.m., at (4276) feet. The number of pulsations in a minute were as follows :—Mr. Allport, 84; Mr. Goodchild, 86 ; Mr. Knight, 90; Mr. Coxwell, 94; Mr. Jackson, 96; Mr. Bourne, 98. June 27, 1864. At 6" 43™ p.m., at 1497 feet. The number of pulsations in a minute were as follows:—Mr. E. Atkinson, 78; Mr. Coxwell, 84; Mr. Glaisher, 104; Mr. Ingelow, 108; Mr. Collins, 108; Mr. Woodroffe, 120. At 6" 56™ p.m., at 1660 feet. The number of respirations per minute were as follows:—Mr. Collins, 11; Mr. Coxwell, 15; Mr. J. Atkinson, 17; Mr. E. Atkinson, 17; Mr. Ingelow, 18; Mr. Glaisher, 183; Mr. Woodroffe, 19 ; Mr. Ellis, 20. Mr. Collins repeated the experiment and found it still the same. At the Alliance Inn, Brookland, at midnight. Mr. Coxwell’s pulsations were 90 in a minute; Mr. Glaisher’s pulsations were 88 in a minute; Mr. ~Collins’s pulsations were 94 in a minute; Mr. J. Atkinson’s pulsations were 74 in a minute. The number of respirations per minute were as follows :—Mr. Coxwell, 18 ; Mr. Glaisher, 17; and Mr. Collins, 15. August 29, 1864. At 4" 50™ p.m., at 14,580°feet. Mr. Glaisher’s pulsations were 110, and respiration 20 in a minute. : At 4" 52™ 30° p.m., at 14,281 feet. Mr. Glaisher’s pulsations were 97 in a minute. ; ; At 5" 3™ p.m., at 12,866 feet. Mr. Glaisher’s pulsations were 99, Mr. Coxwell’s 102, and Messrs. Norris and Cranston’s each 118 ina minute. The number of respirations in one minute were as follows :—Mr. N. orris, 10; Mr. Glaisher, 18 ; and Messrs, Coxwell and Cranston, each 22. ON THE DIFFERENT APPEARANCE OF GAs IN THE BALLOON. August 31, 1863. At 6" 17™ 40° p.m., at 2737 feet. Gas cloudy. At 6" 21™ 30° p.m., at 6409 feet. Balloon quite full; gas very opaque, and issuing from the neck. _ At 6" 43" 30° p.m., at 5235 feet. Gas cloudy. At 6" 44™ 20° p.m., at (4927) feet. Gas clearing; valve faintly seen. At 6" 45™ p.m., at 4784 feet. Gas clearer ; netting visible. At 6" 47" p.m., at 3787 feet: Gas clearer still, but not quite clear. At 6" 53™ p.m, at 859 feet. Gas clear. At 6" 56™ 30° p.m., at 1597 feet. Gas beautifully clear. 316 REPORT—1864. September 29, 1863. At 8" 4™ a.m., at 6321 feet. Gas cloudy. At 8" 22™ a.m., at 8726 feet. Gas getting clearer, At 9° 1™ 15° a.m., at 12,926 feet. Gas clear. January 12, 1864. At 2" 41™ 30° p.m., at 6650 feet. Gas opaque. " April 6, 1864. _ At 4" 25™ 30° p.m., at 6163 feet. Gas clearer. June 20, 1864. At 6" 24™ p.m., at 3086 feet. Gas thick and cloudy, and issuing from the neck of the balloon. At 6" 35™ p.m., at 3002 feet. Gas clear. At 6" 35™ 15° p.m., at 2840 feet. Gas bright. At 6" 40™ p.m., at 2990 feet. Gas clear. At 6" 47™ 30° p.m., at (3886) feet. Gas much cloudier, and issuing from the neck of the balloon. At 6" 48™ p.m., at 4013 feet. Gas thick. June 27, 1864. At 8" 43™ p.m., at 1836 feet. Gas clear, Tue Lines IN THE SPECTRUM. September 29, 1863. At 7° 59™ a.m., at 5314 feet. The lines B to G in the sky spectrum visible. At 8" a.m., at 5473 feet. The line F is beautifully defined; cannot see A, and can just see G; sky spectrum. At 8" 6" a.m., at 6385 feet. Can see B to G, sky spectrum. At 9" 14" a.m., 14,096 feet. Spectrum everywhere, B to G, F very dis- tinct; sky spectrum. At 9" 22™ a.m., at 13,695 feet. Sun spectrum, H clear, dark beyond. At 9" 23" a.m., at 13,695 feet. Sun spectrum, A clear. At 9" 25™ a.m., at 13,982 feet. Lines clear and numerous in the sun spectrum, extending from A to beyond H. At 9" 41™ a.m., at 14,203 feet. The sun spectrum extended from A to far beyond H, and was very beautiful. At 9" 43™ a.m., at 13,897 feet. Line H in the spectrum clear and vivid. At 9° 44™ a.m., at 13,897 feet. The sun spectrum very vivid and very long ; H made up of fine lines. October 9, 1868. At 5" 7™ p.m., at 3272 feet. Faint spectrum on all sides, ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 AnD 1864. 317 Time oF VIBRATION OF A HorizontaL Magner. June 27, 1864. hm 5 feet seconds. At 6 50 30 at 903 there were 30 vibrations of a horizontal magnet in 48-0 » @ 22 15 ,, 3487 ” 30 ” » ” ” 49-1 3? 4 29 0 ”? 3197 39 30 3? 3? 33 ” 49:0 ” 7 32 0 bP] 3415 33 30 33 ”? 3? 239 48:9 » 1 37 0,, 4467 ” 30 ” ” ” ” 49:2 » 7 44 0,, 4597 = 30 . 5 a Bs. 49-2 ” 7 46 0 9 4692 ” 30 ” 2? 29 2? 49-0 » 7 57 30 ,, 3686 ” 30 ” ” ” 7 49-0 38 4 05, 2744 ” 30 ” ” ” ” 48-7 ae 9 30 ,, 2929 = 16 ‘3 x i oe 26:5 9 8 25 0 9 2710 9? 30 2? ” 33 39 48:5 At the Alliance Inn, Brookland, at 1" a.m., on June 28, 30 vibrations of the same horizontal magnet were observed as follows :—in 47*2, 47*2, 47°2, 46*-5, and in 47*2, August 29, 1864. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, at noon, seconds. 30 vibrations of a horizontal magnet was 49-0 30 ” ” ” > 48:5 30 ” ” ” » 48:8 30 9 3? ”? a2 49:0 hm s feet. seconds. At 4 41 30 at 13,375 there were 26 vibrations of a horizontal magnet in 46-8 9 4 45 0 ” 14,293 ”? 30 bP) 3 ” 9 52 » 4 47 30 ,, 14,317 “ 28 xd a i a 49-5 On June 27, at the average height of 3350 feet, the magnet vibrated in 1:635 On the ground at Brookland, one vibration Was ...........eeeee0- 1-698 On Aug. 29, at the average height of 14000 feet, the magnet vibrated in 1-767 At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, one vibration was .......... 1:627 Therefore the time of vibration seems to be somewhat longer in the higher atmosphere than on the ground; the difference being somewhat greater than as shown above in consequence of the higher temperature of the earth. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. August 31, 1863. _ At 6" 21" 30° p.m., at 6404 feet. The Tyne was visible almost to its source. At 6" 27" p.m., at 7790 feet. Newcastle seen. At 6" 33™ 30° p.m., at 7690 feet. Wind was felt in our faces. _ At 6" 37™ 30° p.m., at 6898 feet. Losing sight of the sun. Travelling along a line of railway in the direction of Durham. Wind gentle. Fields seen with sheaves of corn through a break in the clouds. At 6" 57™ 30° p.m., at 1200 feet. Earth seen faintly; can see furnaces and tramways; Durham Minster in sight on a hill; Leanside Junction visible. At 6" 59™ p.m., at 840 feet. Going towards hills beyond Leanside, 318 ' REPORT— 1864, September 29, 1863. At 8" 21™ a.m., at 8504 feet. Temperature of gas 29°0 in the neck of balloon. ' At 8" 22™ 308 a.m., at 8726 feet. No sun here; about 30 miles distant the sun is shining on the landscape, over a large space, which appears yery bright in contrast with all around. At 8" 31" a.m., at 1030 feet. The earth looks like a beautiful garden at places from 20 to 30 miles distant, upon which the sun is shining brightly, At 8° 40™ a.m., at 11,592 feet. Passing a large town; query, Nottingham or Ashby-de-la-Zouch. At 8" 42™ a.m., at 11,857 feet. Ice on water. At 8" 44™ a.m., at 12,305 feet. Moving straight for the Wash. At 8° 57™ a.m., at 12,704 feet. A beautiful tinge of blue. At 9" a.m., at 12,926 feet. Smoke streaming up to a height of about 13 e. At 9" 1™ 308 a.m., at 12,926 feet. Examined the balloon internally for holes or rents; the dome of the balloon appeared greatly increased in size; does looking through gas enlarge objects? At 9" 12™ a.m., at 18,882 feet. The air is nearly saturated. At 9" 29 a.m., at 13,982 feet. Filled bag with air. At 9" 32™ a.m., at 16,284 feet. Filled another bag with air. At 9" 43™ a.m., at 13,897 feet. A beautiful ring on the blackened bulb of hygrometer. Packed up dry and wet thermometers. At 9" 47™ a.m.,, at 14,155 feet. Can see 50 miles of coast well. At 10" 9™ a.m,, at 7396 feet. Sun warm. October 9, 1863. At 4" 30™ 308 p.m., at 899 feet. Very rapid decline of temperature. _ At 4" 32™ 30° pan., at 2279 feet. A golden sunset, colours very intense. ~ At 4" 35™ 30° pam., at 4111 feet. Temperature again falling quickly. . At 4" 36™ p.m., at 4219 feet. The Thames visible to its mouth, At 4°37" 30° p.m., at 5672 feet. The sea beyond the mouth of the Thames visible. At 4" 39™ 305 p.m, at 6277 feet. Over London. ~ At 4 41™ p.m., at 6732 feet. The river Thames like a canal. At 4" 41™ 30° p.m., at 6796 feet. London looks very fine indeed. At 4" 44™ p.m., at 7193 feet. The sunset is gorgeous. At 4" 45™ p.m., at 7252 feet. The ships in the Thames appear long and narrow, and steamboats like moving toys. At 4" 46™ p.m., at 7303 feet. The docks distinct and very clear. At 4" 46™ 30° p.m., at 7310 feet. Can see the inner court of the Bank ; St. Paul’s Cathedral looks small; all streets in the city are distinctly visible ; Milbank Prison and Oxford Street seen very clearly. * At 4" 49™ p.m., at 6731 feet. Blue-smoke of London curving upward ; mist towards south of London bounded by a straight line. At 4" 52" 45° p.m., at 5433 feet. Leaving London. At 5 55™ 10* p.m., at 4302 feet. The wet thermometer reading is in- creasing more than the dry-bulb. At 5" 2™ p.m., at 3040 feet. Nearly over Tottenham. At 5 4™ p.m., at 3087 feet. Beautiful golden sunset. ~ At 5" 42™ 15° p.m., at 2909 feet. A sudden dryness. At 5" 43™ p.m.; at 8326 fect. Too dark to observe either Daniell’s-or Regnault’s hygrometer, ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anv 1864. 319 At 5" 57™ p.m., at 8416 feet. Not sure of decimals in thermometer read- ings. At 6" p.m., at 8714 feet, Could not read at all after this. January 12, 1864. At 2° 6™ p.m., on ground. Great deposit on Regnault. At 2" 8™ 308 p.m., at 368 feet. Over the river- Thames. At 2" 14™ p.m., at 1773 feet. Crossing Tilbury ; off the river. At 2" 15™ p.m., at 1787 feet. Crossing the line again. At 2" 21™ 30% p.m., at 2735 feet. Crossing Hainault Forest; earth looks dull. At 2" 44™ p.m., at 6692 feet. Can see Chelmsford. At 2" 55™ p.m., at 7666 feet. Can see Blackwater; estimated distance from the coast 10 ‘miles. At 3" 11™ p.m., at 9105 feet. Applied water to wet-bulb thermometer. At 3" 14™ p.m., at 9437 feet. On a level with Harwich or Colchester. At 3" 21™ 408 p.m., at 10,319 feet. Query over Newmarket. At 3" 35™ p.m., at 11,353 feet. Rabbits heavy and dull. At 3" 36™ 30° p.m., at 10,879 feet. Dog whining. At 4" p.m., at 3384 feet. Applied water to wet-bulb thermometer ; forest of pines visible. April 6, 1864. At 4" 16" p.m., at 2775 feet. Over the edge of the river on the Essex side. } At 4" 18™ p.m., at 3507 feet. The goat. uneasy. At 4" 20™ 30° p.m., at 4404 feet. Goat less uneasy. At 4" 23™ p.m., at 5251 feet. Can see a very large oval in the cloud, with balloon in the centre; no prismatic colours. At 4" 26™ 308 p.m., at 6627 feet. Immense halo upon the clouds. At 6" 37" p.m., at 11,075 feet. A rent in the balloon very high up. June 13, 1864. ik 7* 1™ 30° p.m., at 1155 feet. Apparently going over the Isle of Dogs.. mb fo” p.m., at 2282 feet. Sun on the water dazzling in the direction of London, At 7° 15™ p.m,, at 2694 feet. In a line with Charlton. At 7°18" p.m., at 3234 feet. In a line with Woolwich. At 7° 31™ p.m., at 3517 feet. Erith Church nearly under us. At 7° 36™ 51° p.m., at 2602 feet. Over the edge of the river bank. At 7" 38™ 36° p.m., at 2813 feet. Over the edge of the riyer bank on the Essex side: therefore 1™ 45° was the timé occupied in crossing the river. ~ June 20, 1864, At 65 18™ p.m., at 772 feet. Passing over Derby. At 65 19™ p.m., at 1462 feet. Over the Derwent. At 6" 36™ 40° p.m., at 2740 feet. Can see Nottingham. At 6" 41™ p.m., at 3050 feet. Nottingham race-course and Burford seen ; moying towards Sherwood Forest. At 6" 57™ p.m., at 3360 feet, Over Nottingham and Lincoln Railway. 320 | REPORT—1864. June 27, 1864. At 6" 37™ p.m., at 865 feet. Over Penge. At 6" 38™ p.m., at 970 feet. Going nearly towards Bromley. At 6" 38" 30° p.m., at 1054 feet. Over Chatham and Dover line of rail- way. Ae 6" 48™ p.m., at 840 feet. Over Shortlands. At 6" 48™ 30° p.m., at 750 fect. Can see the fountains playing at the Crystal Palace. ‘At 6" 49™ 308 p.m., at 713 feet. Can see the new church at Bromley. At 6" 50™ p.m., at 846 feet. Passing south of Bromley. At 6" 538™ p.m., at 1309 feet. Going over Hayes Common. At 7" 3™ p.m., at 1460 feet. Passing down the Sevenoaks road. At 7° 18™ p.m., at 4840 feet. Golden tinge over the water. At 7" 26" p.m., at 3322 feet. Sun shining on black-bulb thermometer. At 7* 26" 30° p.m., at 3302 feet. Can see Farningham ; passing Madams- court Hill. At 7" 34™ 308 p.m., at 3734 feet. Crossing Sevenoaks line. At 7" 35™ p.m., at 3907 feet. Can see Knoll House. At 7° 45™ p.m., at 4699 feet. Passing to the left of Tunbridge. At 7" 54™ p.m., at 3958 feet. Near village of Hadlow. At 7" 56™ 30° p.m., at 3936 feet. Nearly over the Medway. At 8" 0™ 30° p.m., at 3450 feet. Can see main line of South-eastern Railway. At 8 3" p.m., at 3044 feet. Belt across the sun visible, apparently on our level. : At 8" 3™ 30° p.m., at 2994 feet. Can see two horses, and a man leading them. At 8° 17™ p.m., at 3444 feet. Going over Goudhurst. At 8" 22" 30° p.m., at 2828 feet. Passing between Hawkhurst and Cran- brook. At 8 28™ 20° p.m., at 2221 feet. Cranbrook very distinct. At 8° 32™ p.m., at 1831 feet. The country is very beautiful. At 8" 36™ p.m., at 2208 feet. Over Tenterden. At 9" 8" p.m., at 6168 feet. Could not see to read the instruments after this time. August 29, 1864. At 4" 14™ p.m., at 4612 feet. Balloon revolving once in three minutes. At 4" 28" 30° p.m., at 8224 feet. Ships appear very small. At 4" 36" p.m., at 10,875 feet. The fountains at the Crystal Palace look very small. At 4" 57™ p.m., at 13,991 feet. Nearly over Erith. At 5" 17™ 30° p.m., at 6558 feet. Over the edge of the river bank. ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 321 Meteorological Observations made at different Stations in connexion with ns Ee ee SE ae SEE a beget: ht De 0 ie Se ee) 7 308.m.| 29°456) 43-0] 42°6| 42°1| -268 97 8. 9°90) .-». | ) 7 4° 5 | 29°453) 43°0| 42°7| 42°3| 270] 98 = 7 5° »» |29°457) 43°8| 43°0| 43°0| 277] 100 8. 8 © ,, | 29°458) 44°0 43°5| 42°9| 276] 96 8. 8:0 8 10 ,, | 29°458) 44°5 43°9| 434] -281| 96 8. 8 20 5, |29°458] 45°0| 444| 43°7| 285) 89 8. 8 30 » | 29°455| 46°0| 45°0| 43°9/ 287] 93 8. 570 8 40 |29°454) 468) 45-7] 44:4| -293| 92 8. 8 50 5, |29°454| 47°1| 46°0| 44°8| 297] 92 s, 9 © » |29°455) 48°0) 46°9/ 45°6| -306| 92 8. 970 9 TO 5, |29°455| 48-1) 46-7) 45:1] “307 go Ss. Fine. 9 20 » | 29°456) 47°9| 46°5| 44°9| -298| 93 8. 9 32 » |29°454) 48'4| 46°9| 45°2| -302| 89 8. 75 9 49 +» | 29°453| 49°4| 47°9| 462] -313] go 8. 9 5° » |29°450) 50°0| 48°0/ 45°9| -309| 86 8. TO © 5, | 29456! 50'r| 47°9| 45°6| -306 85 | s.s.w. | 6:0 TO TO 45 | 29°450| 51°4/ 49°0| 46°5| -317| 84| 5.s.w. BO 20 55 | 29451) 51°2| 49°0| 46°7| -319| 85 | s.s.w. HO 3° » | 29°457| 52°0| 49°2| 46°3| 31°5| 81 | ss.w. | 6-0 10 40 5, |29°454| 52°8| 49°7| 46°6 318) 80] s.s.w. TO 50 5, | 297459) 52°8+| 49°0| 45°2 302) 76] s.s.w. Between 75 45™ a.m. and 102 30™ a.m. 33 miles of air passed over the observatory. : according to the anemome- ter. eee 9 45 a.m.| 29°989 © © ,, | 29°988 O15 ,, | 297988 1864. 55°6 55°5 55°0 52°2 5271 507 the Balloon Ascent on August 31, 1863. NewcastLe-on-Tyne. eS Reading of 3 Time of ‘ofthe ion of| a] Direc. | SS observation.|Barom.| Thermom. | Gey | va. |humi-| tion of | 5S reduced point.| pour. | dity. | wind. £2 to 32°F.) Dry. | Wet. eo h m in, G ° = in. 9 0am.) 29°708) 49°5 | 47°5| 45°3| 303] 86 | NE. byx 3 OP-M.| 29°698| Goro! 58-5| 57-2 *469| gt |N.E. byN.| .. mea 2972915775) 55°24 53-2406 Bq | ..2..: 9 2 » | 29°742) 55:0) 52:0) 49-1 81 \N.w. by N 9 60 60 loa oR e) September 29, 1863. Wrortrestey OpsERvVATORY. September 29, 1863. Brrsron OBsERVATORY. Amount of ozone. *349 N.W. Vaca coc Remarks, Dull. Thunder with heavy rain at 8 p.m. and afternoon. Dull. *346| 79 |s.w. bys. 2:2 "346| 82 Is.w. bys.| 2:0 343] 79 |s.w. bys.| 2°7 lin the Wi and. IN mepelanesa The weather very fine. cumulus and cirri coming up and moving rapidly in W.S.W. currents, and very high cirri in N. current, some low cirri rapidly in N.E. currents. The sky in S. to E., from zenith Y $22 A REPORT—1864. Meteorological Observations made at different Stations in connexion with the Balloon Ascent on September 29, 1863 (continued.) Beeston OBSERVATORY (continued). Reading of pee a | Temp. |Ren-||Dégree| “7. se\s a : Direc- = 1 Time of of the |sion of| of 2 eile bservation.| Barom. Thermom. | Gew-} va- |humi-| "2 of | ESS Remarks. onaer duced... > alms . wind evicg RECS point. | pour. | dity. ¢ eelgsS to 32°F.) Dry. | Wet. “5/25 hm in. a S 2 in. to horizon, cloudless, except two or three small hemi- spherical cumuli; sky clear and brilliant; distant hills hazy. The wind became S.W. by 8. at 54, and in which quarter it remained (moying in oscillations from S.W. to S.S.W. till 35 3™ p-m., when it was 8.S.E. for 5 minutes, after which it | became stationary in the W.S.W. all day). 10 30a.m.| 29°988) 54°7| 51°6| 48°7) °344| 80 |S.W. by s.| 5*0| ... |The weather fine, but clouds } : moving in W.S.W., N.E., and N. currents. 10 45 5, |29°984| 54-5| 51°6| 48°8| °345| 80 |s.w. bys.| 5°5| -.- \ 11 0 ,, | 297984] 54°5| 51°5| 48°6| °343| 80 |s.w. by s.| 3°0] ... ‘ The weather fine. II 30 ;, 29°980) 55:0] 51°8| 48°8| -345| 80 |s.w. bys.| 3°0 12 30p.m.| 29°977| 55°7| 51°7| 48°0| °335| 75 |S-W- by s.| 9°0 Nearly overcast ; brisk wind ; cumulostrati. | 3.0 5 129-937! 56-3) 5272 48°4| -346| 74 |s.w. bys.| 2°0| ... [The weather very fine. October 9, 1863. Roya OpsERVATORY, GREENWICH. 3 op.m.|29°409| 57°6| 51°7| 464) °3 16| 67 s.sz. | 2 | ... Some patches of cumulus and cirrus scattered over the sky. 3.15 5, | 297408] 57°6| 52°0| 46°9| “322 68 s.3.E. | 4 | --- |Cumulus, cirrus, and a few cirrostratus clouds. 3 30 5 |29°408) 57°2| 5t°0| 45°3| “303 64 8.3.5. | 3 \ Cirrus, cumulus, and cirro- 3.45 4, |29°407| 57°0| 50°7| 45°0| "299 64 Hea EZ BE ilie See stratus. 4 © 4, |29°405| §5°7| 50°5| 45°6| “306 69 RISE |) Omens eet cirrocumulus, cu- 415 4, |297405| 54°8| 49°7| 44°8| °297 69 §.8.E. 2 pain h lO oe o ,, |29°406] 53° ; *2,| °302 8.5.E. | 0 . [Sky is nearly cloudless; a cae ey ee ce ; is little ight Sera in the S.W. and W. 445 5, |29°407| 52°6| 48°7| 44°8| 297) 75 BBB. lod |) ie oe in the N.E. and o ,, |29°408) 51° 8-2 KON he #2 s.s.E. | I | ... |Balloon first seen at 4> 55™ N. : i cE | So Fs i pes of the River Thames. 5 15 5, |29°408] 50°4| 47°7| 44°8| °297 82 S.E. 1 | ... |Clear southward; hazy in the : N. Balloon seen bearing N.N.W.; moving north- wards. ' 5 30 4, |29°410| 49°8| 46°8 43°6| 284] 78 S.E. o |... |A few light clouds in N.E.; hazy in N.;__ cirrostratus generally round the horizon. 5 45 » |29°414| 48°9| 46°5 | 43°9| 287 86 ns.z. | 0 | ... |Cirrostratus near the horizon, . but of no numerical value; hazy in the N. Balloon dis- appeared at 5 27™. 6 o ,, | 29414] 48°4| 464] 44°2| “290 86 B.S.B. ps O. Mcae } cloudless. 6 30 ,, -|29°414| 48°4| 46°8| 45°0| “299| 89 E. yh Ba ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 323 Meteorological Observations made at different Stations in connexion with the Balloon Ascent on January 12, 1864.—Royat OsservaTory, GREENWICH. Reading of e es : Temp eae’ Degree] | Diree- had ia Baerenca, oe ea Thermom. aoe wy ane tion oh 23 3 a i ] wind, = bamciad Dry. | wet Pe ie, ee aS S|) casabeal hm in. 3 iS 3 in. 2 op.m.| 297962) 40°7| 384] 35°8| ‘210] 84 8.8.E. 10 215 y, |29°961| 40'1 | 38°4| 362] *214| 86 8.S.E. 10 2 30 5, | 297961! 39°9| 38°2| 36°0| 212] 87 8.8.E, Io 245 », | 29°964) 39°3| 38°2|] 36:1 | *213] 87 8.8.E. fe) 3 © 4, |29°973| 39°7| 38°14] 36°0| -212] 87 8.S.E. 10 Bens) 5s) | 297978) 39°2 | 37°7| 3579) 211 | 89 S.8.E. | Io 3 30 ,, |29°980] 38°6| 37°2| 35°4| *207] 89 8.8.E. 10 Overcast ; cirrostratus. 3.45 » | 297983] 38°6| 37°3| 35°6] -208] 90 8.8.E. | 10 4 © ,, |29°985| 38°6| 37°73] 35°6| -208] 89 S.8.E. 10 415 ,, |29°986| 38°6| 37°3| 35°6| -208] 89 8.8.E. 10 4 3° 5, | 297986) 38°3] 37:2] 352] 205] 89 S.S.E. 10 4 45 5) | 297989) 38°2| 37°0| 35°3| ‘206] 90 S.S.B. 10 5 © ,, |29°998) 38°7] 37°2] 35°7| *209| 90 S.S.E. 10 April 6, 1864. Royar Osservatory, GREENWICH. 2 Op.m.| 307070] 44°38] 41°8| 38:2] -231] 78 N.N.E. | 10 | 0 | 215 5, | 30°70] 45°0| 42°3| 39°1| °238] 64 N.N.E. | 10 | 0 2 30 ,, | 30°069] 44°9) 42°1| 38°38] °236] 80 N.N.E. | 10 | © 245 4, | 30°065| 44°9| 42°1 | 38°8| -236| 80 N.N.E. | 10 | 0 3 © 4, | 30°056) 45°0| 42°2| 38°9| -237|] 79 N.N.E. | 10 | 0 3.15 » | 30°056) 44°7| 41°8| 38°3| -231] 79 N.N.E. | 10 | © 3 32 » |-30°057| 45°0| 42:2] 38°9| -237| 79 N.N.E. | 10 | © {3 45 307056 44°9| 4270 38°6 234 - N.N.E. | 10 | © Overcast; a few drops of Bin -|,30°055)45°0).42°3 | 39° 238 7 N.N.E. | 10 | © fine rain at 4" 20". 4 15 5, | 39°057| 44°8| 42°1| 38°9| -237) 80 N.N.E. 10] 0 4 32 5, | 30°055| 45°1| 42°1 | 38°6| -234]| 79 N.N.E. 10 | 0 445 », | 30°055) 45°6| 42°6| 39°0| -238] 79 N.N.E. | 10 | 0 5 © 5, } 307053) 44°8| 41°5| 37°8| °227| 76 N.N.E. | 10 | 0 5 15 » | 30°0S3| 44°7]| 41°4| 37°5| 225]. 76 N.N.E. | 10 | 2 5 302 5, | 39°54) 44°3) 41°2| 37°6| -227| 77 N.N.E. 10 |] 2 5 45 + | 30°054| 44°2| 41°6| 38°5| -233] 80 N.N.E. Lon, 2 6 © ,, | 30°054] 44°] 41°5| 38°4| *232]. 80 N.N.E. | 10 | 2° |) June 13, 1864. Royat Opservatory, GREENWICH. 6 op.m.|29°476| 61°9| 52°3| 44:0] 288] 52 | ...... o |... |Sky cloudless, excepting a small patch of cirrocumulus in the N.E. 7 © x» |29°480] 59°0| 52°2| 46-2] °313] 62 | ...... 2) leer ee eae at 75 7™ moving ue E. Byet5 >, |29°481| 58'2| 52°0| 46-2| -313| 65 | ...... ° Cloudless. Balloon still ra- pidly moving to the E., veering in a slight degree to the 8. 7 3° », |29°484) 57°2| 51°2| 45°7| -307| 65 | ...... ° . |Cloudless. Balloon last seen at 7223™, 7 45 » |29°486) 56°5) 5o°7| 45°4| 304] 67 | ...... ° 8 © » |29°487) 55°9| 49°5| 45°5| 305] 64 | -... e 8 15 ,, | 29488] 54:9] 48°6| 42°6| 273] 64 | ...... ° { Gigadiess 8 30 ,, | 297498] 53°1| 48°4| 42°9| :276| 70 | ...... ° = 8 45 ., |29°498| 52:8] 48:2) 43°6| -284| 71 |... ° | 9 © 4, |29°499] 52°8| 48:2] 43°6| 284] 71 |... fr) ) 324 REPORT—1864. Meteorological Observations made at different Stations in connexion with the Balloon Ascent on June 20, 1864. Brrston OBSERVATORY. 3° » |29°918) 63°83) 58:0} 53°2| “406! 70 9 3° » |29°918) 63°0) 57°4| 52°6| *397| 6g oe 9 © y | 29°913| 62°4) 57°5| 53°2| 406) 73 se 9 st 9 9 Reading of r bs on a = i = i o2|o Time of Thermom. of the bien of oo Diret- [32/3 : Remarks. observation. ee ere dew- | va- | humi- Senn Baie to 39°F. Dry. | Wet. point. | pour. | dity. — £2 EE hm in. a ° co in. 4 35P-M.| 29°949| 68°0| 601) 53°9| -416| 60 “ce 10 4 40 4, |29°949| 68-0) 60°71) §3°9/ "416| 60 nee 10 445 » |29°947| 68:0| 6071) 53°9| -416| 60 65 10 4 50 + |29°947| 67°7| Goo) 53°9/ -416| 61 ae 10 4 55 » |29°946) 67°6) 60°r) 5a°2| -g2r| 62 oe 9 5 © » |29°945) 67°4) 59°9 Sarr | “419/62 8 5 5 » |29°943] 67°2| 59°8) sar] -419| 62 6 - |Considerable breaks in the 5 10 4, |29°943| 67°0| 60°0| 54°4| *424| 64 7 clouds. 5 15 1 | 29°944) 66°7| 59°38) sq4r2| -g21| 64 7 5 20 » | 29°939) 66°3/ 59°7| 54°3| 422) 66 7 5 25 » |29°941) 66:0/ 59°6| 54-3) 422) 66 7 5 32 » |29°941) 65°6) 59°5| 54°5| 425) 69 oe 7 5 35 »» |29°941) 6573) 59°2) 54:2 | “g21| 68 “ 7 5 40 » |29°941) 65°7| 59°6) 54:5) “425| 68 “ 4 5 45 »» | 29°941| 66°0) 59°7| 54‘2| “421} 67 8 5 52 » | 29°939| 66°3) 59°38) 54°5| 425] 66 9 5 55 » | 29°939| 66°3| 59°38) sq-5|.-g25| 66 9 6 9 w | 29°941| 66:1 59°7) 541| “419| 67 9 6 5 » |29°940) 66:0| 59°5 sq'2| 421) 66 9 6 10 5 |29°940) 65°7| 59°3| 5470) -413| 67 te 9 6 15 » | 29°938) 65°7| 59°3) sqro| -418| 67 oo 10 6 20 5, | 29°938] 65°5| §59°2! sqo| *418| 67 Bee 10 6 25 » |29°937 65°3| 59°1| Sq'1| -419| 68 oe 10 6 30 » | 297938) 65°0| 59°0) 54*1| -419| 68 =e 10 | «+» |At 65 29™ the balloon was ex- +e actly opposite this observa- 5 tory (Beeston), a.m. 6 35 » |29°933| 64°7| 58°9| sq'0| “418) 69 vs 10 |. Ace; serena te aw nodal See the balloon rose 2°. 6 40 5, | 297930) 64°7| 58°6| 53:4) -409| 67 “ TO | ... |At 6% 38™ balloon exactly over Bee Wollaston Hall, altitudez 5°. 6 45 ., | 29°929) 64°7| 58:4) 52°7| 399) 66 vs 10 | .. |Ato® 41™ balloon disappeared ae in clouds in the N.N.E. 6 50 5 |29°929) 64°7) 58°4| 52°7| 399] 66 os 10 6 55 s |29°927| 64°8| 58°4| 53°1| 404) 66 aoe Io 7 © w» |29°925| 64°8| 58°4| 53°1| 404) 66 ot 10 7 5§ » |29°921| 64°6| 58°3] 53:0] *403] 67 oor 10 7 10 4, |29°921| 64°6| 58°2| 52°8| -400| 66 in 10 7 15 5, |29°919| 64°3| 58°2| 52°9| -gor| 66 ae 10 7 20 5 |29°919) 6471] 58-1] 53°1| -404| 72 oe 10 7 25 » |29°917| 64:0] 58-1] 53°2| *406| 68 ae 10 7 8 9 9 ° 30 sw |29°899) 62°0| 57°5| 53°7| 443) 74 IO ,, | 29°882] 61°7| §7°1| 53°0| 403] 74 ON NINE BALLOON ASCENTS IN 1863 anp 1864. 325 Meteorological Observations made at different Stations in connexion with the Balloon Ascent on June 27, 1864.—Brackneata. pene Temp.| Ten- | Degree Ssls Time of ? eta Direc- sar das Son: Barom.| Thermom. aay pan of Tw west ES Ss Remarks. reduced |" ~~}"____| point. | pour. | dity, | #@4+ Zz 25 to 32° F.| Dry. | Wet.