Author: Pennsylvania Commissioners of Fisheries

Title: Report of the Commissioners of Fisheries of the
State of Pennsylvania for the year...

Place of Publication: Harrisburg

Copyright Date: 1900

Master Negative Storage Number: MNS# PSt SNPaAg237.4

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REPORT

o
O

t-l

OF THB

IRS OF FISBER

OF THE

STATE OF PEMSyinNlA

FOR THB

YEAR 1900.

WM. STANLEY RAY,

STATE PRINTER OF PENNSYLVANIA.

1901.

REPORT

OF THE

COMMISSliERS OF FISHERIES

OF THE

STATE OF FEXXSl'LVANIA

FOR THE

YEAR 1900.

WM. STANLEY RAY,

STATE PRINTER OF PENNSYLVANIA.

1901.

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

4

4-

^

A

K

FISH COMMISSIONERS

OF

PENNSYLVANIA.

PRESIDENT,

S. B. STILI.WELL, Scranton.

SECRETARY,

D. P. CoRWiN, Pittsburg.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY,

James A. Dale, York.

TREASURER,

H. C. Demuth, Lancaster.

James W. Correll, Easton.
John Hamberger, Erie,

ASSISTANT SECRETARY AND STATISTICIAN

TO THE BOARD,

W. E. Meehan, 600 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

SUPERINTENDENTS,

Eastern Station — John P. Creveltng, Allentown.

Western Station — Witxtam Buller Corrj.

Erie Station — Abram G. Buller, Erie.

Bristol Station — John P. Ckeveung, Allentown.

1—18—1900

I,

4

I

(2)

Official Document,

No. 18.

>^ w-S

I^E:F»OFi'l

OF THE

STATE COMMISSIONERS OF FISHERIES.

To His Excellency William A. Stone, Governor of the Commonwealth

of Pennsylvania:

Sir: We, the Commissioners of Fisheries of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, have the honor to submit to you the annual report
of our operations. The year has been one of good results, and we
feel that very little, if any more, could have been accomplished
by us with the means at our command. All the stations operated by
us have been run full time with the exception of the one at Bristol,
for the hatching of shad. In this instance, the station was opened
about ten dajs later than usual, but closed about the same time.
The reason for opening late was that while there was a phenomenal
run of shad, the fish ripened much later than usual and on account
of the small amount of money at our disposal, we did not feel justified
in incurring the necessary expense of an early opening.

During the fiscal year just closed, we only hatched and handled
six species of fish, namely, brook trout, Atlantic salmon, white fish,
pike-perch, blue pike and shad. In previous years we handled black
bass, rock bass and yellow perch in considerable quantities, and
to a lesser degre(\ strawberry and white -bass, and spotted cat fish.
We felt compelled to stop the distribution of these temporarily for
two reasons; one, because the amount of money usually expended by
the Commission for their purchase, was reduced by the last Legis-
lature, and another because we felt that under the existing laws, it
was a waste of public moneys to purchase these fish.

Fish culturists have not vet discovered a wav to artificial Iv take
and fertilize the eggs of the black bass. For a number of years past,
every known means have been exhausted to accomplish this very
desirable thing, but apparently fish culturists are as far as evef
from success.

(3)

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Because of this inability to artificially express the eggs of the
black bass, as is done with the brook trout and other species of
fish, the stocking of streams could only be accomplished by our
purchasing the bass from fishermen on Lake Erie and elsewhere.
For these fish, including the rock bass and yellow perch and some
sun fish, we paid about |5,000 annually. Even then only a com-
paratively small number could be bought, first, because the fisher-
men w^ere loth to sell fish to be taken to other waters and, secondly,
because the price was considerable per fish. Last year for instance,
we had to pay f20 a hundred for mature fish which we purchased
for breeding ponds.

The last Legislature felt impelled, no doubt from motives of
economy, to cut the usual appropriation to the Commission and
gave 110,000 less than the amount given in former years. With the
regular appropriation we had only just been able to make both ends
meet, and consequently when the cut of |10,000 was announced, we
were compelled to shorten the output of fish to that extent. There
was but one item of annual expense which could be cut, namely, that
of the purchase of black and rock bass and yellow perch. It was
suggested that the trout output be decreased, but this was found
to be impossible and at the same time decrease the cost of running
those stations proportionately. The present capacity of each sta-
tion is about 2,000,000 brook trout, and we found that it would cost
almost as much money to hatch and care for 1,000,000 as for 2,000,000.
There was no economy, therefore, in decreasing the output of brook
trout. Moreover, the some 4,000,000 brook trout reared annually
at the two stations, do not now meet the needs of the waters of the
State and do not meet the calls which anglers make on us for fry
of this fish.

Even if the appropriation had not been cut, it is doubtful if we
would have continued the purchase of black, rock bass and yellow
perch. Three years ago, the Commission practically determined not
to continue this practice of purchasing these fish for distribution.
At that time the Commission in its report said:

"The refusal of the I^egislature to raise the minimum limit of
black bass from six to nine inches is more serious than the refusal
to raise the limit of trout from five to six inches. In consequence
of this refusal, unless steps are taken to have the legal limit raised,
this species of fish is doomed to early extinction In many of our
streams, in all in fact except the very largest. Nor can the Com-
missioners of Fisheries do anything to stop it, for the science of fish
culture has not reached a point where black bass can be artificially
hatched as are trout.

"As all the black bass which we have been furnishing applicants
for planting are purchased and taken from waters where a nine-

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

inch limit prevails, we feel that a further continuance of this prac-
tice is a waste of public money and a useless drain on the waters
from which they are obtained.

"For some time past we have had in contemplation the discontinu-
ance, temporarily at least, of the distribution of black bass, but
have hesitated to take this step because of the great popularity of
the fish and the popular demand for it, but the regretable action
of the Legislature in refusing to raise the legal limit leaves us no
choice but to do so. We feel that under the circumstances there
is no other course for us to pursue without laying ourselves open
to the charge of uselessly expending public money."

Although we feel that this decision to discontinue the purchase
of black bass was a wise one, we thought that we ought to begin the
attempt at pond culture without delay, and we determined that as
soon as the Legislature renewed its appropriation we would devote
the sum usually expended for the purchase of mature black bass,
etc., to the establishment and maintenance of a station where this
species of fish could be reared in ponds. Several persons interested
in the matter otfered to present the necessary land or to sell it at a
nominal figure for this purpose, and we took several preliminary
steps towards the realization of this important w^ork.

Then came the unexpected cut in appropriation, and for a time
it seemed that the much desired work would have to be abandoned
for at least two years. So great was the desire to produce this
species of fish and do at least some experimental work in this
direction, it was decided finally to see what could be done on a small
scale at the two trout hatcheries. A couple of abandoned ponds
at the Corry station and an old carp pond at Allentown were altered
and rearranged to conform as nearly as possible to the requirements
of the case. At each of these stations and in these ponds were placed
fifty black bass of the small mouth species and about one hundred
rock bass.

These fish were purchased as before stated, and were undoubtedly
fine, healthy fish. They appeared to thrive and do well all through
the winter. Toward spring, the black bass in the Allentown
ponds were attacked by fungus and within a couple of weeks all died.

The fish in the Corry ponds remained healthy and the rock bass in
the Allentown ponds showed no signs of disease. Nevertheless,
although the bass of both species were undoubtedly mature fish, by
the end of May, they yet showed no sign of spawning. The indica-
tions are, therefore, that the water in the ponds of both stations
are too cold for successful propagation of black bass in any great
number.

We were well aware that the effort to propagate black bass in
these trout stations was but an experiment, yet as it was inexpensive

6

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

and the demand for the fish is so general and heavy, we felt it
best to undertake it. Although the experiment has not resulted very
encouragingly thus far, it will be continued another year, until its
futility at these stations is fully demonstrated or until a station
specially adapted for the work is established by the State.

We hoped to have better success with the yellow perch at the
Allentown station. A few years ago, we placed a number of this
species of lish in one of the ponds. The majority died, because it
is believed of the extreme cold water, but a few survived and spawned
the following year. No attention was paid to them and the greater
number of the young were devoured by the old ones. Still there
was a marked increase in numbers and last year there was a good
supply of spawners. This year brush was placed in the pond and
the spawn was deposited thereon. Then the brush was removed to
a pond in which there were no fish of any kind. In a few days the
eggs hatched and it is estimated that there were about 3,000 fry.
At the time of prei)aring this report the little fish are all in hiding
and it is impossible to estimate what there will be for distribution.

It had been the intention of the Commission to propagate pickerel
this season, and every preparation was made to do so. The Beaver
Run Association, which owns a large pickerel pond in Pike county,
had very generously given permission to take as many spawners as
were needed. In the autumn, therefore, we sent the superintendent
of the Allentown Station thither with a supply of cans. He captured
a number of fish, before it was discovered that the cans were much
too small. It was then too late to provide larger cans and the at-
tempt had to be abandoned for the year. Another attempt will be
made this year.

During the year we received a number of applications from farmers
and others for frogs, for planting in ponds on their farms for the
purpose of attempting frog farming. We are at a loss to know
what started this movement. It is true that at the Corry Station the
superintendent raised a large number of frogs for food purposes for
the black bass in the ponds, but we have or had no intention for the
present, at least, to enter into the cultivation of frogs for distribu-
tion purposes. In fact, with our present facilities, it would be impos-
sible to do so. We regret exceedingly to come to this determination,
because wc believe that in time the cultivation of frogs will be a
valuable and important industry in this State. We would like to
encourage the industry and assist the farmers to enter into it, be-
lieving that it would be exceedingly profitable.

We have not. however, the room nor have we the money necessary
for their successful propagation, in large numbers. Fully 500,000
tadpoles and small frogs are needed for the black, rock bass, yellow
perch and pickerel, and with the money available and the pond

Nj. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

space we could not propagate much more than that number. It
is an industry, however, that we intend to keep in mind and we hope
at an early date to propagate the frogs for farmers cultivation.

As usual, we have been very successful with our brook trout
stations. As we abandoned the propagation of the California and
brown trout, we had more room for the brook trout and several
hundred thousand more were, therefore, bred at the Corry Station.

At the Allentown Station only the usual number were hatched.
The reason for this is that last year we determined to get rid of all
the breeders in the Allentown Station because the blood had not
been changed in many years. Consequently, the vitality of the
fish was very low. In the autumn we placed many thousand of these
large fish in a number of the streams and contracted with a firm in
New England for a supply of eggs. From this source we received
a million and a half. Later, the Blooming Grove Park Association
presented the Commission with about 50,000 eggs, and about 25,000
were received from other sources. Some 75,000 eggs w-ere also taken
from the fish remaining in the ponds, and the aggregate formed the
supply in the Allentown Station.

The contract which we made with the New England firm was a
very satisfactory one, and included delivery at the station and
a guarantee of good eggs. The contractors performed his contract
faithfully. What eggs were damaged he promptly replaced, and
the result was that we had a fine lot of healthy fry for distribution
when spring arrived.

We noted one curious fact, however, namely, that the fry from the
Kew England eggs, while as healthy as any in the hatching troughs,
were much smaller than those from the Blooming Grove, the Penn
Forest or the Allentown hatchery eggs, until late in the spring, when
the^' rapidly overhauled them.

The total hatching of the Allentown Station was 1,400,000, and of
these a large number was retained for breeding purposes. As this
will require two full years, however, we will be under the necessity
of purchasing eggs for at least two years longer for this station.
This, however, it not serious, since the eggs can be purchased for
nearly the same money that it costs to maintain breeders.

There were no difficulties whatever in the rearing of trout at the
Corry Station. The fry were all fine, large and healthy fish, and by
the abandonment of California and brown trout culture w'e were
enabled to have more brook trout for distribution from this station.

For some time past we have noticed with some concern that
anglers and friends of fish throughout the State have been showing
a disposition to send in their applications for trout later and later
every year. The matter has also been noticed particularly by our
Superintendents and our Statistician and has formed prominent
parts of their annual reports to us.

8

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

1 +V. +n tnke any action in the matter, because we
We have been loth to ^^^^ ^^^ f ' ^^^^ as far as possible,
have desired to accommodate the ^PP^^™^ ^^^^se they

1, ^A fViof fhpv would soon see tne lunj ^^ ^"^
and we l^'^P^^'^^^'l'JSd however, of improving and taking the
were P"-"'"^- J^fJ^^'^'tJ",;! th;t conditions have become worse
proper course, we ieg;^Jjy^J .„ ^^^^^^^^ Mr. Buller, in his report
The superintendent of ^^^^^f^^vel^^ t so late ere I received
to us this year, says: Kever beiore
™y first lot of applications. Two years ago, I wo»m ^^^

to'l,300 applications in ^-^^l^^^^ did n t arVive until the

I had le- than one ^^^^^^^XZit corn^u, in in large lots
latter part of May. Fuither, msie ^ ^^^ ^^

Lrre^offorc^rtret^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ r- —

The «»Pef-f-^/,^J^, '?:;:: 'Ly la;ge proportion of the
in his report: "On the hrst oi ou •' , ^^^ convenience

*?■ ^T i;r Sr^jr^rir rtlL^^a^trpplicants has been

much needless expense. , . .. ^„„_„ .!,„ cost of shipment is
When fry are shipped -r^m the season t^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ J^^ ^^^^

reduced to a minimum, and they are also tra i ^^^

easily and with the -«' -J„ ^f^^/;^:^^^^^
would be a minor consideration i there were c v

we have no doubt that the ^^s .major. J oUhe angler a
of fish culture send in their «PP"«''t.«ns from an h e
that the added month "^ two s growth at ^"^^ h^t^^^^^ themselves
and that t^^efisli, being lar^^^^ ^^^ ,^^^,, ,,,

when planted in the stieams. ii ' themselves from the

firsh are the ^'^!'-- J^i "ursu t Sm' but the applicants forget
nTTlaTeTHnti^^Sraraccompaniments of an adverse char-

rr^:;:i;rmr;ra; ove..ba,a„ce the ^^^^^^^^e
..St is the ^----r.:f t:^;i.ilTrwS I'^t and large

r ittSTshti; =e^^:t;:ilyC;^ ^d notUume much

oxygen. . „^ kv inPTnerienced persons, who throw

These fish are °«- ^tTl the^trearin wWch they are expected
the little creatures right into t**® feam
to live, subjecting them to a sudden change oMromte. ^J^

''T- to^TmTJt^fTr r ti:at7ure are so weak that
Lffln an'easTpr; to their many enemies. The consequence

C3

C3

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc,

, +1. tn M1(. mv action in the matter, because we

We Lave been lotli to lake an^ acu possible,

Uave desin.d to aecouuuodate tl.e ' ' "^^,,f^/ \ ,. J,,, .^^

>^n..e^u>,.a.U...^^^^^^^^;X and taUing the

I""""- '•"""■• T r:;'tle We t a Station, M. BuUer, in his report
TU.. Supwuuend.ut o ^^^^^^ ^^.^,^ -^ ,, „te ere 1 received

to us tins year, sa^8 ^^^'^^/"' .^ ^^,, j ,vould have from 1.100
,„v llrst lot of appluauons. \''''>'^)^^' .^ y, jlmt date,

Tl,.. Superii.U.uUu. ol llu l.a.lc. ,„.oportion of tlie

f,y wen. M 11 a. ; - t ; ; ,,,^,^^ „„ „,, ,,„, „f applicants has been
:L:?":;::::;S. a!,";; tUc s. .m. ,.. caused the Comm.ss.on

>">"" ""'^'"'^^ '"^T'!;,! . .,,lv in ihc season lUe cost of shipment is

When '^-'••■\^'.''';\ ;;•;,;; ;,, also transporu-d nuuh more

reduced to a minimum, and m> '"' ,j,, j ,,owever,

easiU and .ill. .he -""' ;-,>;;■-; ";.i.c.!:::;po„din. benefits,
would be a iniiuu. consid.-iati.ui it tlu le ^ ^^^^^^

Me liav,. no doub, that the -^ "''^.'^"^1 ';',;; ,, ,onviction
of tish culture send in tl.eir «I'>''-'t ;;"/',; ,.", j, i.oneficial,

tl-t ""• -l''-' "'"""! '"■:""^ '"■'.; ',. tt care'of themselves
and that the tisli. b-.u. '^"f:- ■ j;"; „!' , „.at the larger the
,vlu.ii planted in the sticaui>. 1 "^ '" „„.,„s..lves from the

,,.,,. are the ^'^-^ ^^;-::: Z^t: L applicants forget
numerous <.ncm.es vhuh pi.i.u / „f ,,„ adverse char-

.,at .1,11 hU.. ^^•-X^:ZZ::Z^^^^^.^- of .ar^er growth.
a,,er which ;"">;;';;,.,,„ „,,,,„.a from the hatcheries late
First is the f;".'; ■'_;,.',„ ,,,„ \l water with ice and large

;;:rt.:r::;=:^^::t::nM:n.:aandnot-co,is .much

^^•^■-''"- .. • ..1 i.v mPxticrieiH'CMl i.crsons. wlio throw

TUese fish are ''»-,,;;;'r; ^ 3';: ,.hich the, are expected

t,r,nlc creatures '',,„.„ ,.„„„„ „f f,om ten to twenty

' to 1 most of tlH.m. and what survive are so weak that

^Ly'fll. an !'.:;: prey to their many enemies. The eonse.ueuce

CD

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

,. ,,, FiSH COMMISSIONERS. ^

rso. lb.

is that the planters, when they find no results, are apt to blame the

OommiSon' tor snlpprng iuler.or U.h, or declare that the try are

altoiietlier too small lor piantiug. , • i • „^

"u " as Sapennlendeut Creveling pertinently remarks in his re-
nort '-every planter oi brook trout were experienced in the work,
iud 'would take the time to properly e,uali.e the lemperature o the
tater in the cans and streams belore the hsh were transterred one
from the other, there would not be a serious loss and there would be
beu"r resuU Irom planting, or rather it would make little di.erence
Thy try were planted in the stream, but the vast majority ot appU-
Tants t^r fry are not experienced in this work. It re.iiiiies several
houls to equalize the temperature, an amount ot time which tew can

^' wl are convinced, from the testimony of our superintendents and
other employes, as well as from our own observation, that the la e
planting of brook trout try is a useless waste of time, money, ellor
and S. That not a single stream is materially benefitted and
not live per cent, of the fry planted after J une lirst, live.

We have, therefore, regretfully been compelled to adopt a rule that.

hereafter no application for brook trout try -''' ^V"'Xii tish
April 15th, and that all requests of applicants to have the.i hbh
shipped 01^ or about certain dates will be disregarded. Uerea ter
trout fry will be shipped to applicants, when, in the judgment ot
the superintendents, it will be for the best interests of the streams
It is our dutv to take this course and consult the best interests of
the streams and not the convenience or the comfort of the appU-

Oi\ Til's

We have also received frequent applications from parties to dis-
continue our practice of distributing four niouths' old fish and pro-
vide instead fiugerlings or yearlings. This is urged on the ground
that the small fish cannot take care of themselves and the larger
fish will give better results in the streams. We must respectfully
decline to do this. The argument presented in favor of the larger
Bsh would hold good were it possible for us to supply as many
lingerlings or yearlings as four n.onlhs- old fish. This, the appro-
priations made by the State ai.d the facilities ot the hatcheries, pre-
clude the possibility of our doing. From our expeiieiice, and as
a result of experiments liuide iii.d,..' our dire.'tion. we unliesitalingly
declare that if four months' old tiy air pioi^rlv planted by experi-
enced persoiis or if inexpeiienced planteis will but follow the di-
rections given tliein. they will obtain just as goml irsults from tour
months' old fish as llicy would from (ingerliugs.

We would advise inexpcrieiued p-isons. liovcver. who fear they
might make mistakes, to 1,uild sr^ .1! retaining pouds in the vici.Mty
Of the streams in which tliey desire to plant fiy. and keep the hsh

2

10

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

therein until autumn, feeding them occasionally with sour milk and
fine-cut liver. When October or November arrives plant the finger-
Ungs in the main stream, scattering the contents of one can over a
space of about a mile.

While on the subject of the planting of trout fry, it might be well
to mention another matter of importance, namely, the habit of many
applicants to request an extra large supply of fish for a single stream.
It is not an uncommon occurrence for us to be asked to supply as
many as 50,000 trout for a stream only three or four miles long and
which already contains a fair share of mature fish. Requests for
from 5,000 to 10,000 fry are of almost daily occurrence. It is our
habit, as a rule, to refuse such applications for more than the
regular quota, even when it happens that we have a large supply ot
fry on hand. Our reason is that we must presume that the applicant
will plant the fish according to the directions, and if that is done
the stream would be heavily overstocked by granting the request.
If, instead of considering that the applicant intended to plant accord-
ing to directions, we assumed that he did not intend so to do, and
sent the surplus in the hope that by so doing an average number
would survive, we would not be doing our duty by the State.

All applicants should remember that it is as easily possible to
overstock a stream as not to stock it at all. The one is as great
an evil as the other. The apportionment made annually by us is
not merely chance work or altogether a matter of supply and demand.
It is a carefully considered problem of the proper amount to plant
per mile, making due allowances for casualties when the fish are
properly planted.

Early this last summer, our Assistant Secretary w^is called upon,
by the officials of a large private sporting organization in this State,
to make certain investigations of lakes and streams within its pre-
serves to determine, if possible, the causes of a number of troubles
which existed. The results were a surprise even to us. He found
indisputable evidence that it is quite possible:

First— To give too. much protection to a preserved stream or lake.

Second — That it is possible to overstock a stream or lake.

Third— That indiscriminate stocking may be worse than no stock-
ing at all.

Fourth— That the planting of large or mature fish in a stream or
lake may, and often is, attended by deplorable results.

This organization, being a close corporation, does not permit
the public to hunt or fish on its property. The Fish Commission,
of course, had nothing whatever to do with the negotiations made
between our Assistant Secretary and it, which led to the investiga-
tion. The arrangements were purely between the two and carried
out during the holiday of the former. Nevertheless, the results

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

11

are so important to fish culturists and fish protectionists throughout
the State and for that matter the whole country, that we have grate-
fully accepted a copy of report and append it in full to our own.

A clearer, more comprehensive, more convincing document, cov-
ering the points made, we have never seen, and we commend it to
careful reading and consideration. The principles involved altect
public waters as pertinently as those which are preserved.

We regret exceedingly that our experiments in the direction of
rearing small-mouth black bass at our two trout stations were not
successful. We have no doubt whatever that if we had a station
devoted entirely to the cultivation of this fish, we would have had
at least a measure of success. As it was, entire failure at the West-
ern Station was probably only due to a misconception of directions
given the Superintendent. Success has been achieved by two of the
States in this work, and there is no reason why we should fail had
we the proper facilities for work. It is, therefore, our intention to
endeavor to secure ground for the establishment of a station for
black bass and other fish requiring distinctively pond culture and
warmer water than that which flows directl}^ from springs.

Thus far, we make use of the Bristol Station for the hatching of
shad only, but we hope at an early day to be able to make other use
of the building, which will add materially to the fish industry of the
State. For instance, at some time w^e hope to hatch here, white and
yellow perch and perhaps sturgeon. At present 3ur facilities and
means prevent our doing other than shad work at the Bristol Sta-
tion. The take of eggs last spring was gratify ingly large, although
the quality of the eggs was considerably lower than former years.
Nevertheless, w^e hatched 23,869,000 fry. This included the hatching
from 6,000,000 eggs received from the United States Fish Commis-
!!*ion. Nearly all the fry were planted in the Delaware River, near the
Water Gap, although some, for lack of time, were deposited in the
river opposite Bristol.

The Station is in good condition, but we desire as soon as prac-
ticable to change the hatching methods to the battery system, w^hich
will give us nearly three times the capacity we now have under
the present system, without additional cost except for the jars and
the cost of the eggs.

W^e feel that we ought to say something at this point concerning
the practice of the commercial fishermen of the Delaware river and
Lake Erie of charging both us and the United States Fish Commis-
sion for the eggs which are hatched for their benefit entirely. We
do not feel that this is entirely just. If w^e were a private corpora-
tion, working for our personal gain, or if the hatching of the eggs
were of no benefit directly to the fishermen, it would be entirely
proper that we should pay for the eggs taken. But, we constitute

12

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

a body created by the State, not for personal gain, but for the ad-
vancement of the fishery interests. We serve without compensa-
tion or money gain of any kind. The sole purpose of the Commission
is to endeavor to keep the waters of the State well supplied with lish.
The linancial «^ain is ])riinarily to the men who catch the fish. The
total value of rlic shad calch in the Delaware river last year to the
net lishermcn was < onsidcrably over half a million dollars. As
it is they who are amoii<i the main beneficiaries of the work, it would
seem that they should supply the spawn, free of cost, to both our
Commission and the United States Government. This applies with
equal force to the fishermen of Lake Erie. It is only just to say that
among the Delaware Kiver fishermen there is a growing sentiment
of the injustice of charging money for what is mainly for their benefit,
and some otters have been made of free eggs. Thus far we have as
yet been unable to accejit these otters, because the fisheries were too
far distant to reach with our primitive methods of transportation.

If we were able to purchase and maintain a motor launch, we could
have a large number of eggs from some of the smaller fisheries
v.ithout cost, and as a recognition of the value of the artificial fish
hatching work done by the State. Under the present conditions,
it costs 135.41) for the season to transport the eggs from the main
fishery to the hatchery, besides a large amount of labor. If we
could afford to purchase a launch, this expense would be greatly
lessened and many more eggs could be taken.

Last summer, we put the Erie Station in good condition, with the
exception of the tables on which the jars for hatching stand. The
tables, with one exception, were in bad condition, but as they would
last another season, we allowed them to stand. This year we felt
that it would be better to tear them out. The table system, while it
gives very good results in hatching, is nevertheless not an econo-
mizer of space or water. The capacity of the house, under this
system, is one hundred and twenty jars, of the McDonald pattern.
As a result, it several times happened that we were unable to
take all the eggs w^e could have received. When the tables decaved,
therefore, we determined to change the system for one which would
permit the use of more jars and at the same time require no more
water. The battery system was the one we decided to use.

We desired to put in the system in use in the Ignited State Fish
Commission Station at Put In Bay, as being the most satisfactory
according to the officials of the United States Fish Commission, but
on looking into the matter we found that this would cost more
than we felt warranted in expending. We finally settled on the
system in the Erwina Station, Ohio. This cost nearly one-half less
than that of the Put In Bay Station, and at the same time took up

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

13

less room. The battery S3'stem will increase the capacity of the
house from 120 jars to 248. The cost of the extra jars will also be
materially lessened.

Our Superintendent had very good success in hatching pike-perch
eggs at the Erie Station last spring, but the number procured was
far below the number usuallv obtained on account of the storms and
the late spring.

According to the Superintendent, the fish started very late because
of so much still water. The ice would not move from the bays, and
as soon as it did go out and the nets were set there came on a
series of blows which kept the fish off the shore during the greater
part of the spawning season. A large proportion of the fish taken
were not rij>e and so comparatively few eggs were obtained. The
Superintendent made a return of 531 quarts, from which he returned
23,210,000 fry hatched. From statements which he subsequently
made to us, we believe that the number returned should have been,
doubled. He stated, in effect, that in reckoning the hatching, he
estimated 75,000 eggs to the quart. As a matter of fact, there are
some 150,000 eggs to the quart. We w^ere led to make the in(piiry,
because it seemed to us that a little more than 23,000,000 pike perch
fry from 531 quarts was a very small percentage. As the returns
had all been tabulated, however, we have concluded to permit the
figures given to remain. The same statement should be made with
respect to the blue pike.

This latter fish was propagated by us for the second season.
As far as we know, no other Commission engages in this work.
The United States certainly does not, although the fish is admittedly
almost if not (juite as valuable as an industry in the great lakes as the
pike-perch.

The eggs are easily obtainable and we propose to enter as heavily
as possible into this work. The first year's effort was less than two
million. This year, according to the Superintendent's return, the
hatching was 7,800.000. Probably it was over 15,000,000. The fact
that we have gone into this branch of the work has, therefore, ex-
cited much favorable comment from the fishermen. They have given
practical evidence of their interest by cheerfully waiting while our
spawn takers stripped the fish or hunted for the ripe ones.

We had unusual success in taking white fish eggs, hatching in all
26,700.000 fry from 1,100 quarts of eggs. In addition. 5,300.000 eggs
received from the United States Station at Put In Bay were hatched.
This body made a tender of 30,000.000 eggs, but regretfully we were
compelled to decline the offer of more than the number mentioned
because of a lack of facilities for hatching them. The total hatching
of fish at this Station, according to the returns, were 63,010,000.

14

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

The results of the trout season more than justify the work of the
Commission. It has happened that the utility of artificial stocking
in this State has been questioned by some, and it has been a fact that
often, even where scientific work was done, the returns did not seem
satisfactory. However, we were nearly always able to trace a cause.
Among the reasons which could be advanced were water pollu-
tion and the law which permitted the catching of a trout before it
had reached a sj>awning age.

A few years ago a large part of the mountainous regions were
filled with saw mills and there were, besides, tanneries in great
numbers. Both of these emptied their refuse into the streams with-
out our being able to prevent them doing so, because there was no
law to sustain us. We made numerous ell'orts to have anti-pollu-
tion bills passed, bul: were never able to succeed. The saw and
tannery interests always claimed that their industries w'ere of para-
mount importance to that of the angling, and that to prevent them
from emptying saw dust and the refuse from the tanneries into the
stream would send them out of business.

Fish life in a stream is impossible when the water is full of saw
dust, and fish are equally unable to live when the water is filled with
the acids of tanneries. Nearly all the trout streams in certain coun-
ties in the northwest therefore became of little account.

Within the last few years the saw mills and the tanneries have
begun to disappear. This has encouraged anglers to attempt the
restocking of the streams and the results have surpassed expecta-
tions. Reports from all the counties in the northern and northwest-
ern part of the State show that the creeks are tilling rapidly with
fish. Streams, which five years ago were hardly worth fishing, this
last spring yielded good baskets to almost any one who whipped
them. This is particularly noticeable in McKean, Cameron, Elk and
adjacent counties. It is freely predicted that in three or four
years, from now the fishing in these sections will be as famous as it
was a quarter of a century ago.

Curiously enough, the reports from the eastern mountainous coun-
ties, where the most noted streams are located, vary widely. Well-
known anglers, in large numbers, pronounced the season unsuc-
cessful on account of the very low water; quite as many well-known
fishermen de< hue that they never had better success, and many
of them made this contradictory report concerning the same streams.
All unite, however, in testifying to the fact that there are many
trout in the waters.

A combination of circumstances, bevond the control of the laws,
pot fishermen and illegal hunters of fish, the black bass for the last
three or four years have had a chance to inciease. As a consequence,
last summer and fall there was a notable improvement in the fishing,

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

15

particularly in the smaller streams. If another year or two of rest
could be given, there would be nothing to complain of with respect
to the black bass fishing.

For the first time in years we have had complaining this season
from Delaware River fishermen. These complaints differ from most
complaints which we receive in that instead of a scarcity of fish,
or that they cannot fish how or when they please, it is of a super-
abundance of shad, in the lower river, of which they complain.
We have not yet received the figure of the catch, but it was simply
enormous, and many fishermen claimed that it was double that of
any previous year. It was so large, in fact, that at times the fisher-
men could scarcely find a market for their catch at any price. On
more than one occasion, at Bay Side for instance, shad, as they ran,
sold for one dollar and a half a hundred, and were difficult to get rid
of at that price. More than twenty thousand were brought into
the Philadelphia market in one day. Many of the shore fishermen
or seiners cut out their nets before the close of the season because
it did not pay to operate them at the prevailing price for shad.

As an illustration of the vast number of fish which ran into the
Delaware last spring and which were caught, the following, gleaned
by our Statistician, might be quoted:

At Bayside there were sixty-four gillers. Under ordinary cir-
cumstances and in ordinary years, these men thought they were
doing well if they averaged from 1,000 to 1,100 fish to a boat during
the season. This year the average for the season was over 2,000.
Three or four of these men captured 5,000 shad to a boat, two or
three got over 7,000 each, and two or three more took over 9,000
fish each. This vast catch of shad was noticeable all the way up
the river as far as Trenton, and even a short distance above. The
shad fisheries beyond this, however, were an utter failure, for a
reason which we will give in its proper place.

We regret to say that notwithstanding the phenomenal run of shad
in the lower river and the enormous catch, the price of this delicious
fish to the consumer was scarcely less than in previous years. It is
certain that the fishermen got far less than before, but roe shad
could not often be bought for less than thirty and thirty-five cents
and often brought the regular sum of fifty cents. Five and six
pounds or larger realized proportionately greater sums. It is, of
course, no part of our duty to make any inquiry into the cause of
this peculiar state of atl'airs. as it is a matter entirely between the
fishermen and the men to whom they disposed of their catch. We
cannot, however, refrain from pointing out the great disparity be-
tween one dollar and a half to four and five dollars a hundred for
shad as they ran. paid to the fishermen, and fifteen cents each for
bucks and from thirty to fifty cents each for roes, when bought by

16

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

the consumer. The infereiue is plain either that some one made
vast profit, or that thousands of shad purchased from the fishermen
were not sold.

We desire at this point to call attention to the conduct of the shad
fishermen on the Delaware Kivcr as an object lesson to the piratical
behavior of many of the fishermen on the Susquehanna. The law
requires that the meshes of shad nets shall be four and one-half
inches, and for years past it has not been found necessary to make
an arrest for a violation of this provision. Four years ago, the fish-
ermen of the Dehnvarc Kiver appeared before a committee of the
Commission and asked that the law be amended, requiring the
meshes to be five inches instead of four and one-half. They gave
as a reason for this request that the river was so plentifully sup-
plied with shad, that the fishermen could well all'ord to let the
smaller fish escape and grow.

We endeavored to comply with their wishes, but were prevented
from accomplishing anything, be«'ause of other amendments to the
general bill. Notwithstanding this, the fishermen of the Delaware
River, or at least a great majority of tliem. have of their own accord
increased the size of their meshes. To-day nearly all the new nets
in use have metshes of five, and in some cases five and one-eighth
and five and one-iiiiiarler inches, and we have been informed that a
few^ are of five and one-half inches.

It is not surprising that when we receive the hearty co-operation
of the tisliermen in the observance of the laws, that the Delaware
River nliould be today what it is, the irrentest shad river in the

world.

By the foregoing we do not wish to be quoted as inferring that
there is no ilh gal fisliing on the Delaware River, or that none of the
regular fishermen engage in unlawful fishing. For us to take this
position would be to pronounce the milleninm at hand. There is
some illegal fishing, of course. Some regular fishermen will cast
their nets ont of season and some of them employ nets with a small
mesh. In one instance within our knowledge, a trio of fishermen
swept their nets out of season for striped bass and, unfortunately,
were able to make their escape with their booty without being ar-
rested. What we want to convey is the idea that the mass of the
fishermen are law abiding and sui.porters of the work of the Com-
mission.

We have made note of the fact that the shad fisheries of the Dela-
ware River, b<\oinniiig a few miles above Trenton, were a failure
This was due to an obstruction at Scudder's Falls, placed there by
the Trenton Water Company, two years ago. This company, which
was organized some time in 1870 for the purpose of supplying water

vm M

n-nK:. i££Sr Sifm

». ' *

71

i^\^\-'^miLm'' i

) f n

V,^ * A

.\

e-;

.MUlLt

c

i *

A ^ \ \

' - ^

\ « >

'"' WM

fS^*^

,1 k^»

• .^♦.-- -^

16

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

th

e coiisunu'i'

The iur»'!(n< ' is plnin i-illu'r Ihat some one made
sj juoSit. or lliat ilioiisamls ol sluul imrchascd 1'rom the fishermen

Nils

were iioi

ad,

We desire al llns ji

111 to call ain'iitioii to the conduct of the shad

tlsheiiticii on ihi- Ih'lituai c
beliavioi of iiiain »>f ilic

lii\i*r a> an obj<'ct h-sson to the pira

tical

re'iiines
inch

tl

lai the nicsiM'S o

llsliernien oil {he Sns(]iiehanna. The U\w
if shad n»'!s >^ha.Il h*' fniir and one-half

( s.

ani

1 ■ '! ^

cars ])a;

( it lias not hc'ii found necessary to make

n arroi

>r

<i

sin'

}]] ctf (his provlsien. l-'our years aiio.

ernuMi of ilii' ni-laNNaic iii\cr a.piic;'! < <i

icieic a coinniil li'c o

(Jonimissinn ant

1 asked Ihat the law he ann-aded. reciniiin

he flsh-
f the

the

cr

pjeshcs iu be !lv<' inch* s instead of four aio

1 onchalf. Thev cave

(I

s a Vi ason l>n-

Ills

V» I t

d, ll

lai

idled

smaller )ish escape and ii,row

licst ihar ih<* ri\er was s<» plentifully sup-

uld W( 11 allord to let the

bsl

leliiseu CO

w

e en

aVnI'cU tn »<'!ii

ply \, i;li their wish. s. but were proven

ted

from i\i

inpli>iiiHLi a

i'<'aeial bill. >

iriandiMtr this, t

u\' nther amendments to the
ic li'dieriuen of the Delaware

liiv

ef

or a 1 !• a

niaj*

\ Ml tl.t Ml. have nf their own acco

rd

increased tl;* size <d' their mt

T'Mlav ncarlv all the new nets

1!

ha

and ti\e
few ar'.

ve UK-

tsl

i(-

e! n\e

an<l in some ( ases live and one-ei*^

hth

• ' iii'at te!- niciic

i 1 . 1 ' <■

a id we have been informed that a

ive and on'-iiai. mdn

snn»ri-ini^' tha.
s'lnica in the o1

ll 1

( ' ( »

I ea \

wh«'i« W!- HMi ill" h'-ai'v cooperation

! N ' I the Delaware
i - ; ; '■ liver in the

r\:in.(' (11

v, oia.

IM'I

re^ll

U-euninti: \vc do lint wi

di t

O hi

IHUCi

1 a.s inferrini?

;0 I

< 1

t>.. I

1 nl

hat none o

ns

hel-1

III

n • • a ' ■ (

ia

p.isitien woah

1,

)]\' anicc

u.me illeua! lishintr. ol conr

that
f the

unlawful iNhintr. F'U' us to take this
the nnHtMrina at hand. There is
So!M(. i.'tndar lisiiernu'n will cast

their nets out id' s'sisom aei

1 some (d" iiH in employ nets with a small

mesn.

It

I one insia

on

led

1 1' < > ■ <

?io (>f fishernnMi

iiWi

'pt 11

leir

is oi:

:iM»a 1 o'

\\<'rc

bi(> lo make ill' 'r < ss

striped bass and, unfortunaUdy,
.\ith I'eir b<^nty without bein^ ar-
•y is the idea that the mass of the
flsheiineii arc Ian abidinj.t and supporters of the work of the Com-

Hsted. What \N

e wain to con

mission.

\"\'e ha\e made ncde (d'

W.iie una']'

ii'"!nn!'c

Uu'i that the shad lisheries of tln^ D(da-

were a failur<'

)i M h

!in\<' 'il-cCHM'

riiis was due lo an ic>sl i ii<-| mn a

the TiM-nton

W

■i(er Ceiu'^anx . t \

t Srndder*s Falls, ]daced there by
This company, whieh

\< a'-^ airo.

was oii^aaized soni'

in

iNlti for th" |iurpose of supidyin^ water

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

No.. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

17

S

•w

x

tc

power to certain industries in Trenton, claims the right to maintain
a dam at Scudder's Falls, under an act of the New Jewsey Legisla-
ture, dated February 22, 1870.

About that period. Commissioners appointed by Pennsylvania and
New Jersey, authorized the construction of a wing dam at Scudder's
Falls for the purpose of improving the Delaware lUver navigation.

In pursuance, however, of the acts of Pennsylvania and New Jersey
during the latter part of the eighteenth century declaring that the
river should be kept open for all time for navigation, directed that
the channel should be kept free at Scudder's Falls.

Some two or three years later, the fishermen and the raftsmen
of the river, becoming dissatisfied at the alleged disregard for this
injunction by the water power company, entered suit in the Bucks
County courts against that corporation. Unfortunately, ui> to the
time of writing this, the Commission has been unable to get a tran-
script of this case and there are several dillerent stories of the out-
come. From all of them, however, it is evident that the case was
not favorable to the Trenton Water Power Company, the differences
of statement being as to the degree of the adverse decision. Some
go so far as to declare that the courts ordered the total destruction
of the dam, on the ground that although it was authorized by the joint
commissions already mentioned, that the authorization was illegal
because the terms of the commi.ssioiKus had expind when the per-
mission was given. Be this as it mav the dam was not destroved,
but the company did very little towards repairing or earing for it
until quite recently. About five or six years ago, the company began
to build the wings higher until, In places, it was five or more feet
above low water mark. The channel, however, was left undisturbed
until two years ago.

This channel was about one hundred and fifty feet wide and on
the New Jersey side of the river. Boats and rafts could pass down
with ease and shad swam freely up in the spring time, through the
channel, to the upper river.

Suddenly we began to receive complaints from the shad fishermen
of the poor catch hi the upper reaches. We made an investigation
and found that the Trenton Water Power Company had that spring
erected a cribbing in the cliannel at Scudder's Falls which made a
complete dam across the livcr and of such a height that it was im-
possible for shad to pass over except at high water.

This cribbing, which was made of timber securely bolted, w^as forty
feet wide approximately, and so high that there was a direct fall
of from twp and one-half to three and one half feet above low water
mark.

On learning of this condition of things, we at once directed our
Secretary to notify the Trenton Water Power Company to remove

2—18—1900

No.. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

17

:t

■f.

power to certain iiidustrieis in Trenton, claims the ri<,^lit to maintain
a dam at Scndder's J-'alls, iiu(iri- an .hI oi liie New ej<*\vsev I.cuisla-
ture, dated Febrnary 22, 1870.

About that period. CommissiouiMs appointf d by iV-nnsylvania and
New Jersey, authorized llie consiniclion <;!' a wing dam at Scudder's
Falls for the purpo.-e id' inipiox iag ihe Dt-iaware la\« r navigation.

In pursuance, liowewr, ol the at-ls of Pennsylvania and New Jersey
during llie latter part (d' ihe eighteenili ceiiliiry declaring that the
river should be kepi 0])en for ail lime lur navigatinii, diricii-d that
the channel should be kejft free ai Studdei's Falls.

Some \\\K) K\v ihree veai-s iatcr, ihe tisheiiii'ii and i!ie r

o

f ili

ie ri\('i, beeuiuinii dissai;>li-Mi at ihe alien

d d

isr»

Ml 'l

rd

ji :sin<'n
nr rliis

iiijijn<ii<ui }»y ihe waiei' jiower <-oiiipany. entered suit in [
Couni\ r<,«iiiih against liiai eei iieiaiion. i'nlr.i luiuin'l

n

1 1

ir

ll

liuie K\i willing this, I in* r()itnni;4sit»;! has been unable to gel a tran
script of liiis case and iJMie a!( sr\ciai di;,( r.'iit s!<
come. From all of Iheiii. li

>]• ( s

i>r 1 he OUt-

ewe\v-r. n is evun-nt tlial ihe case was

not favorable to llie Tj-eiiinn NN'aier INe. cr ( 'ojiipjuiy. th" dill'erences
of statenieni beiuu as to ihe de^ii

go so far as lo declare that the com-

ol

I s

ue aii\;'i^'

decision. Some
1 lin' total destrin-iion

of the dam, ou ihe ,i()uiid ; hat althouLih ;i was auihoi ixed bv tlie ioint
commissions already nieiuioned, ihai ihe auihorizai Ion was illegal
l»ecause the tcriiis oi iiu- rummissio,.. • > had expii< d whj-ii the pt r-

mission was liiveu. T.e ihis as ii mav ilu' da

m wjis iioi

'strov(M

b

but the conqiany did \ery liiilo lox^ards repairing cr caiing for it
until quite receiuly. Aboui Ji\(' or six vcai^ ago. iln- cnmpaiiy began
to build the wings higher until, iit pho i-s. it was live or more feet
above low water mark. The ehanuel. how.vcr. was left nudist urbotl
unlil two veais airo.

This channel was about one IuhhIkmI and liftv feet wide and

on

the New Jersey- side of tlu^ river. 1* jal
with ease and shad swam (ret Iv n;i in i
chanmd. to the upper river.

.Ills CO

uld

pass down

1(

qu-ing iinus thiough the

Suddenly we began lo receive coininainis fr(Hn the shad lislKM'iueii

I lie upper re

of the poor catcli i i
nnd found thai liic Tr^Miton \\'at« r 1
erected a cribbing in i1m» <hanui'l a,
complete dam a<i(

M's. W ' niado an iuv«'stigation

*ower <'onij:any had that sjiring

."•M-iidder's ^^■llls which made a

io riNcr and of such a lioi«:ht ilial it was inr

possibh> for sha<l lo pass (tNcr .'.v.ci ( at hiiili water

This cribblnir. whldi w

ma«

le of

t inibc?

s c <

ureh' bolted, was fortv

fe(d wide approximutely, and so high tli >t theie was a dirert tall
of from <^wo and one half to ihrco and or

hair b<

't aoo\«'

low

Iter

mark.

On learning fd this condition of ihings. w« at onci- dirctiod our
Secretary lo notify I ho Trontcm Water Power Company to remove

2—18—1000

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

I

18

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

this obstruction. A few da^'s later, we received a communication
from Ihe New Jersey Fish Commission complaining of the obstruc-
tion and asking that the two Commissions co-operate in having it
removed. To this we agreed as a matter of course, and at the next
meeting appointed a committee consisting of Commissioner James
Correll and Assistant Secretary W. E. Meehan, with instructions
to co-operate with a similar body appointed by the New Jersey Com-
mission, and with full power to act.

The New Jersey Commission ai)pointed the then Fish and Game
Protector, Charles A. Shriner.

A meeting was arranged between these committees and Mr.
Charles A. Hewitt, president of the Trenton Water Power Company,
and at that meeting a formal request for the removal of the obstruc-
tion was made.

Mr. Hewitt received the committees courteously and evinced a de-
sire to meet the wishes of the two Commissions, but declared that
the crib work complained of was in the river legally and in accord
with the commands of the act of the New Jersey Legislature, and
also in consonance with the regulations of the Commissioners ap-
pointed by the two States who had authorized the construction of
the dam.

A few days later, on the invitation of Mr. Hewitt, the committees
paid a visit to the dam. They were accompanied by an official of
the corporation and by the Hon. Oliver P. Bhickwell, a member of
the House of Assembly of New Jersey, an attorney for the up-river
Delaware Hiver fishermen. The following is the report of our com-
mittee on that visit, as recorded in our minutes:

''We found matters worse than we anticipated. We found the dam
all across the river except a few feet of very shallow water on the
Pennsylvania side of Harvey's Island. The wing dams had been
extended until they now join and form a complete dam from Harvey's
Island to the New Jersey shore, in some places five and one-half feet
high and nowhere less than two and one-half feet. The lowest spot
in the sluiceway of the channel, which the Commissioners appointed
under the Pennsylvania and New Jersey law of 1869, declare should
remain open for navigation in accordance with the provisions of the
act of Pennsylvania and New Jersey of 1794 and 1798. The sluice-
way is completely filled by cribbing from two and one-half feet to
three and one-half feet high in places or higher than in the Lacka-
waxen dam."

The committee recommended that the following be the demands of
the Commissions of the two States:

First. — That the Trenton Water Power Company remove the crib-
bing and other obstructions now existing in the sluiceway and do
it within a reasonable time.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

19

I
I

Second. — That a mesh of one-quarter inch mesh be maintained in
the raceway and permanently fastened there from August 1st to
November 30th, to prevent the young shad from being carried down
to Trenton and destroyed in the turbine and other water wheels.

At first it was thought to bring suit, in case prompt compliance
with these demands was not given, the suit to be in the United
States Circuit Courts, under the Federal laws. It was finally con-
cluded, however, to exhaust every means to have the matter ad-
justed without this disagreeable resort if possible. Numerous meet-
ings were held during the autumn between the committees and Mr.
Hewitt without substantial advance having been made. Proposi-
tions and counter propositions were made and rejected by both sides.

Towards spring a further delay was caused by the resignation of
Mr. Shriner, the New Jersey representative, as Fish and Game
Warden. The New Jersey Fish Commission appointed Mr. George
Riley, the new Chief Game and Fish Warden, as its representative
in future negotiations.

Finally, in March, an agreement in the nature of a compromise was
reached, with the understanding that it in no wise gave the Trenton
Water Power Company even by implication, the right to appeal to
the Fish Commissions of the two States, if at some future time other
interests were to interfere.

The understanding, which was verbal, was in effect that the ob-
struction should be removed from the channel, at the lower side to
a depth of one foot below low water mark for about ten feet back,
that there might then remain for another ten feet back a rise of
one foot, ten feet farther back another rise, and still back of that a
fourth.

Second. — That the company should place at the head of the race
a net having a mesh of not less than five-eights inches, to prevent the
young shad from passing down to Trenton.

Third. — That a boom of logs be placed above the net to catch
debris and so obviate the necessity of frequently raising the net for
clearing.

Fourth. — That the Trenton Water Power Company be not required
to commence the work until the water of the river had fallen to a
point which would enable the laborers to work easily.

It is a pleasure to note that Mr. Hewitt has kept every pledge which
he made. Indeed, he performed even more than he promised, and
it is due him to sav publiclv that he stated that he did so because
he felt that the fishery interests of the river were greater than the
interests of his corporation, and he went beyond what he felt he
could be compelled legally to do, because of this sentiment.

Instead of taking out the obstruction to varying depths he cleared
it out to a depth of one foot below low water mark to within a few
feet of the rear, and also lowered the height to the very back.

20

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

At the request of the joint committees, he removed a number of
logs, extending longitudinally in the channel, which it was thought
might frighten the shad when they were making their annual ascent
of the river.

Since the obstruction has been removed, boats have been run
through the channel without trouble, and there ought to be no diffi-
culty in the way of the shad ascending.

We cannot refrain from expressing our gratification at the accom-
plishment of the removal of this obstruction without the disagree-
able necessity of entering suit. We feel it was one of the most im-
portant pieces of work accomplished during the year, or indeed for
many years. The returns for 1898, 1899 and 1900 proved conclusively
that the crib work in the channel at Scudder's Falls had practically
destroyed the fisheries of the upper river for the time being, and
as these fisheries, when no obstructions existed, were worth' over
thirty tlious^and dollars <\ year to the fishermen, the loss was a serious
one.

We are glad to say also that there exists now absolutely no obstruc-
tion at Lackawaxen dam. A gentle slope has been cut in the dam
which enables the fish to pass freely. This open way rendered the
fishways in this dam of no further use, and as they were already di-
lapidated from long use, they were allowed to fall into decay. In-
deed, the cutting of the slope drew the water from the ways and
left them above the surface. The Delaware, therefore, is now with-
out any obstruction from end to end.

A few persons undertook to establish fish baskets and fish dams in
the Delaware between Easton and the New York State lines, but
the sherills and our fish wardens destroyed them. The New Jersey
fish wardens were fortunate enough to capture a notorious and per-
sistent violator of the fish laws, who had openly defied the authori-
ties for years and terrorized the law-abiding residents in the neigh-
borhood of the Watei- (Kip. He was heavily fined and this has had
a good eft'ect in deterring others. In connection with this affair we
ought to state that a constable on the Pennsylvania side, so far
forgot his duty as ex-oflicia fish warden as to make efforts in behalf
of the release of the convicted fish law breaker, by written applica-
tion to the New Jersey Chiet (hime and Fish Warden, and it became
necessary for the Commissioner of the district of Monroe to give the
constable a sharp r.eprimand.

The herring catch this year was, if anything, greater than last,
and it is a notable fisct that this useful fish was caught farther up
the river than ever before. Uusually herring are not taken above
Trenton, but this year they were caught in large numbers as far as
Scudder's Falls and some few were taken as high up the river as
Lambertville.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

21

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I

It has long been a source of wonder to us that there is not a greater
industry for this fish in the Delaware Kiver. During the season,
the water is fairly alive with them, and indeed marvelous tales are
related of men, women and boys turning out and catching them with
pots, kettles, pans and other household utensils, in the place of nets.
Thousands upon thousands of herring are returned to the water an-
nually by the fishermen because of an inability to dispose of them.
In all probability there are as many of these fish in the Delaware
as in the Susquehanna, yet the fishermen on the latter stream do
three and four times the business in herring. In fact, they can
dispense of all they can catch.

This inability on the part of the Delaware River fishermen to
dispose of all the herring they can catch is the stranger from the fact
that Burlington cured herring, as the Delaware River curing is called,
have a wide reputation for a peculiar delicacy of flavor which at one
time at least caused a world-wide demand for them. It would seem
as though there must be a lack of facilities for curing, such as is
possessed in Baltimore, where the Susquehanna fishermen market,
which IS the cause for the secondary position of the Delaware River
herring fishermen. It may be as claimed by the Susquehanna River
and bay fishermen that while the Burlington system of curing may
be excellent, the fish which enter the Delaware River are themselves
without that delicate flavor and keeping qualities which those which
enter the Chesapeake l'>ny and the Susqiihanna River possess.

We regret to say that the stnr<i(mi fislieries oi the Delaware River
are about at an end. We have Ix^en cxjuMtiiiix and have foreseen
this end for some time, but havr Ix-en powerless to do anything,
because of a lack of means. The artificial propagation of the stur-
geon is an expensive work, far too expensive for us to undertake
without a special appropriation or without the co-operation and
assistance of the other two States whose interests are involved. Al-
though w^e have foreseen the end for the last three or four years, it
has come two or three years sooner than we expected. For the last
six or seven years the catch has annually been cut in half. This year
ihv total catch of sturgeon in the Delaware River and Bay was but
1,416 fish, from which were made 308 kegs of caviare. Last year the
eatch exclusive of Delaware was 2,510, from which were made 726^
kegs of caviare. The Delaware catch last year was 700 fish approxi-
matedly, from which were made exactly 200 kegs of caviare.

Without doubt something ought to be done. We feel that it is
not right that invested capital to the amount of nearly if not quite
one million dollars should be lost. If something is not done that
amount of capital will be largely that much money sunk. Accord-
ing to reports made to us. the fishermen, themselves, last spring,
with two exceptions, lost each from one to two thousand dollars.

22

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

What to do for their relief, which is to say, what is to be done for
the restoration of the sturgeon fisheries of the river, is the problem
w^hich is giving us much concern.

As we have pointed out in our previous reports the hatching of stur-
geon is an expensive undertaking, but that is one of our embar-
rassments only. It is not a simple task such as shad, trout or
white fish would be. There is first of all the scarcity of fish to bother
us. To begin with, in all probability next spring there will be not
more than five hundred fish caught, a proportion of these will be
males, a proportion females. This would be more than enough if
there was any certainty that the fish caught, or any of them, would
be ripe. It is quite possible that only one or two ripe females would
be captured. That would also yield enough eggs, for the Secretary
of the Sturgeon Fishermen's Association, at the request of our Statis-
tician, made a count of the eggs of four sturgeon and found that
89 pounds of spawn from one weighed out 83 pounds of clear eggs,
or 847,264 eggs, that another sturgeon gave 7.50,208 eggs, a third,
(»02,272 eggs, a fourth 479,766 eggs. If therefore, but two or tnree
ripe sturgeon could be captured it would nearly tax the capacity of
our Bristol Station. But if we succeeded in getting the ripe eggh
we might not run across a ripe male fish within a week.

Nevertheless, we are of the opinion that the work should be under-
taken if it is possible to secure a special appropriation, without en-
dangering the regular amount set aside for propagating work, and
if the States of New Jersey and Delaware, or both, will unite and if
the sturgeon fishermen will give their co-operation and financial
assistance.

We think perhaps that the difficulty of ripe fish might be overcome
by two means: first, by the erection of pens, in which unripe sturgeon
could be placed until the ova is ready to be taken or the milt in
proper condition; second, to operate nets in the neighborhood of
Bristol Station in the deep jjooIs after the season has closed.

This, of course, the Commissions would have a right to do, but it is
open to one objection, namely, that the taking of the eggs probably
would involve the death of both the males and the females, and,
under the law, not even the Commissions could sell the carcasses.
If, under the circumstances, the Legislature were willing to au-
thorize the Commissions to sell the carcasses in some State where
the open season was on, and turn the money obtained into the State
Treasury, to be used for the further propagation of fish, this one
serious objection to the use of the nets during the spawning season
and while the close season is on, w'ould be entirely done away with,
the question of propagating the sturgeon by artificial means
would be greatly simplified and success would be almost assured.
The Commission feel, however, that it would not be possible for it

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

23

1

to advocate this work, if the extra amount of money needed would
in any manner imperil the general appropriation usually made to
the Commission. The Commission takes this ground because the
sum which is usually given is only just sufficient, with the strictest
economy, to perform the work which the members are already en-
gaged in. The appropriation made at the last session of the Legis-
lature, which is less than the amount usually given, will certainly
not be enough to do this, and for that reason, much as the Com-
mission feels that the sturgeon work ought to be undertaken, it
cannot go on with it under existing conditions.

Once again, we record with satisfaction a good run of shad in the
Susquehanna Kiver, as compared with several years preceding 1898.
In spite of destructive fish baskets and, the wiiolesale slaughter of the
Maryland fishermen, who seem to be privileged to employ any de-
vice they may deen fit to catch fish, the run of shad in the Susque-
hanna seems to be steadily increasing. This increase has been due
entirely to the work of the United States Fish Commission, which has
been hatching enormous quantities of eggs of the shad at its battery
at Havre de Grace.

By far the greater number of fish taken from the Susquehanna,
of course, has been by the Maryland fishermen. Nevertheless, a
large number have been captured by the Pennsylvania men. The
catch also has extended clear to Sunbury, on the Susquehanna, and on
the Juniata many miles from its mouth.

Only a few years ago it was almost impossible to get a shad from
the Susquehanna above Columbia, because of the dam which existed
at that point, but when the operation of the canal was discontinued,
the corporation owning it, ceased to care for the dam, and ice soon
made several breaches in it. These breaches became passage ways
for shad, and this toothsome fish began running up in some numbers.
Batteries, abandoned for years, w^ere again erected, and the shad
industry once again became profitable.

While the catch was much larger than last year, and probably
double what it was the previous one, the Commission is satisfied that
the fishermen might do even better if they gave more attention to
the work. Unfortunately, many who engage in shad fishing are
also employed at other vocations and only sweep their nets
when they have leisure. This, of course, greatly reduces the catch.
The vast network of illegal devices which are maintained in the river
and the existence of which are winked at even by certain function-
aries of the law, is another cause for a smaller catch of fish than there
should be.

The persistence with which illegal fishing is carried on in the Sus-
(piehanna River and its tributaries is a matter of great concern to the
Commission. It feels almost helpless in the matter. In all other

24

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

II

parts of the State there is at least some respect shown for the laws
of the State, but on the Susquehanna respect for fish laws seems
to be generally absent.

When the Conimission has to cope with law breakers only it can
make some headway in punishing them, but when people who commit
this form of misdemeanor have the open sympathy of the vast
majority of people, when even the majority of the constables refuse
to perform their duty as wardens, when even some of the judges of
the courts ignore th^ romj>laints of the Commissioners against the
constables for derelicrions of duty as ex-officio fish wardens, when
some of the sheriffs of the counties only act when under pressure,
and then only do as little as possible under the law, and make no
attempt whatever to capture and punish offenders, when certain
magistrates or justice of the peace ignore evidence, accept the un-
sworn testimony of defendants in preference to that of reputable
prosecutors, when the same officials, despite evidence and despite
the plain law, discharge prisoners, what hope is there for an enforce-
ment of the fish laws of the State on Ww Susquehanna River?

The above is practically the siate of affairs on the Susquehanna
River. Tt is almost an impossibility to secure a conviction of a
fish law violator, however clear the evidence may be, in at least
certain sections. It is also a lamentable fact that the constables,
who think more of their re-election than they do of their duty,'
refuse to obey the act of the last Legislature and do so with impunity!
It would requiix- an army to keep the Susquehanna River clear of
illegal devices, and in some parts of the river this same army would
need to be well armed, to protect themselves from murderous as-
sault. This is said advisedly, because on more than on occasion
the fish wardens have been fired on from ambush, while in the per-
formance of their duty.

The Commission speaks thus frankly, because it has been severely
criticised by some of the newspapers in the Susquehanna Valley for
not ridding the river and its tributaries of illegal devices. If those
who are so free in their criticism would take the trouble to make
an impartial investigation of the facts, and instead of trying to
find fault would expose and hold up to public execretion those who
violate the laws and encourage such violations, they would be doing
a greater service to the community, and afford invaluable assist-
ance in suppressing the evils about which they complain. They
would find, if they made investigation, that while illegal fishing exists
in other parts of the State, it is to a minimum extent, and kept well
in check. They would find also, that the men elected to the offices
of constable, justice of the peace, sheriffs, district attorneys and
even higher, have a greater respect for the laws and evince an
honest desire to enforce them than many of those who hold such
offices in the Susquehanna valley.

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llEPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

I^arts of ilw Sintc (Ikmc is ;U h-isl some rinspcct shown for the laws
of the Si.sIp, Isiil oi! i]w Snsiiuclianiia i<'S|km-( fur lisli laws seems
to be gcneially ahsciit.

AMiei) ih«' (%)n.inlss;inii li-s (<» ((.im' wilh law breakers only it can

make souie ln-idwnv i^ jHnMsJiiii*^ thcns. hii{ when ]H'ople who commit

this fonii of Jl>i^u<»lll^•;ln^r h.-'vc i\n> opfMi synijjathv of the vast

majoriiv of jMOjijr. wh<Mi ^mh llu n';»j:.rity of (he conslahles refnse

to |t( jforni ihcii' duly as u-rdcns. whon oven sonio of the iud"-es of

the couris ijvnorc |];" '•oiiipjii'iMs oi liio ('oinmissionors aj^ainst the

eonstaldos for (h'io!icnoi>s o' duty as ex olhcio fish wardcMis, when

some of th<' shciins of I ho <<onuios only jo-t when nnder pressure,

and thou only do as lihh- as Mo.sjldo oodor tho law, and make no

attempt whal«*\or to ca;'!::!!' and punish oiTonders, when certain

njajrish-atos or jifsti'-^. of iIk^ pr';u<' ignore evidenco. aocopt the nn-

sworii tos!inu)i!v of d'f.ndanls in pn'foronoc^ to that of reputable

pinsoc!iH.!s. when tho s;mio (.m.-ials. dospiio (^vidoiice and despite

the phnu hiw. d'schai'iic niisnnors. what Impo is there for an enforce-

mont of tho 1i^dl ]^\v,:< nf \]u> Sinh" nn ih,- Sus.piohanna River?

The abovo is pra<-tioally tho si.nr of alTairs on the Suscpiehanna
Iii\('r, U is almost an impos^ibiliiy to somic a conviotion of a
fish law vifdator. hnv.ovor rlo;.,. t|,,. evidonce may be. in at least
r-ertnin soot ions. It is als<» a lamotitable fa<'t that the constables,
who think mor^ of tholr roeloclion than they do of their duty,
refnse to obey tho ;vt of ihn Insf Lojrislnturo and do so with impunity.
li would reijuiri" vn luwy r<» ]:('(>]t ihn Hnsoiiohanna li\\>'V rlear of
illoirnl devi.Ts. nnd in soine parts of fho rjvor this same army would
pood to br' well armed, to proteof thtMnsolvos from murderous as-
sault. Thi^ IS said advlsodlv, bM.-n so on nn>re than on oocasion
tbe lish w;!id.o!s havo luM-n fipod o.s fro!o amlmsh. while In the per-
formance of their duty.

The Commission spoaks Hnis frntddy. booause it has been severelv
criti<-i<r,.d bv if tlio Ti- xNsi in tl... S'l-^nio-hanna Valloy fm-

not riddinir tln^ livor nnd its tribnl-irios of ille<ral devioes. Tf those
who are so fn-" iT» their criticism would tako tbe trouble to make
an impartial inv^ sfin-nHon nf tho faofs. pnd instead of tryinj; to
find fault wonid cxt.^,. nnd b'dd nn to Tnibli(» exocretion those who
violate ihn inwQ nnd oiu-ournu^' snp]» violations, they would be doinj?
a jrreafer s M-vioo to tho oommunity. and afford invaluable assist-
anco in snppre^^innr f].,. ovHs abonf whioli they complain. They
would find, if they mndo inv- ^-oation. that while ille«ral fishinjr oxists
in othor part^ of the ^jnto. it is to a minimum oxfent. and kept well
in chook. Thf.y w,)n1d ''od also, that Ihn men elooted to the offices
of constab^o. bic^fi^.o of tho ooaoo. shorilTs. distriot attorneys and
even hin^her. have a irv^pfor respoot for the laws and evince an
honest dosire to onfopre them thnn mnpv of those who hold such
oflfir^ess in tho Rnsinndnnnna vnllov

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INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

25

A few years ago, the Commission secured a quantity of muscal-
longe eggs from the New York Fish Commission. These were
hatched and placed on the Sus(iut*hanna Kiver. The fry were neces-
sarily very small and this fact and other causes made some think that
this fish could not thrive. Occasionally, however, word was received
that a muscallonge was captured by some fortunate fisherman, but
nothing which seemed of an authentic character was received. Most
of the fish were of such a size that while the enthusiastic angler
thought them to be muscallonge, they might readily have been pick-
erel. Last spring, however, a fish was captured below Harrisburg,
which, while it was not seen by any of the Commissioners, from its
size and weight could not possibly have been a pickerel. It weighed,
according to report, over ten pounds, and its description answered to
that of a true muscallonge. The Commissioners sincerely hope that
the reports of this fish were true as received, for it is evidence that
this great fish can at least live in the waters of the Susquehanna,
and if it can live there seems no reason to suppose it will not increase
naturally if a sufficient number can be secured for planting.

The Commission is sincerely anxious to propagate this fish and
for two or three years has been trying to obtain a few mature speci-
mens for their breeding ponds, or a number of small fish to rear for
breeding purposes. Thus far their elTorts have been unsuccessful.

Last autumn it was decided that it would be advantageous to the
interests of the Commission to get rid of a number of large trout
at the Corry Station, in addition to a number of large California
and brown trout at the same place, which the Commission had re-
solved not to propagate in the future. Among the shipments were
a number of cans for Xewville spring sent to an applicant. The fish
were received and planted acrording to agreement. Shortly after
the Commission received word that a resident along the stream had
taken a number of the fish from the waters and was holding them
in captivity on his own property with the avowed intention of selling
and giving them away as soon as the season opened. This story
was so extraordinary that one of the Commissioners made a personal
investigation, and found that it was true in every respect. There
were more than two hundred trout of the California brown and
brook trout species, all evidently recently from a hatchery, kept im-
pounded in the man's spring house.

Unfortunately the man who did this thing had disappeared, and
the Commissioner could only order and see that the fish were liber-
ated into the stream. This matter is given in this report because
of the prominence which was given the story in the first instance
and from the fact that the applicant was wrongfully charged with
having been implicated in the business. As a matter of fact, a rigid
examination showed that the applicant was entirely honest in his

3

SI

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

27

application for the fish, and planted them himself in goor faith and
according to the agreement of the application. Further that he was
entirely innocent of any knowledge that the fish had been taken from
the stream by any one.

Early in the spring information was received by us to the effect
that a corporation, chartered under the laws of Maryland, proposed
to build a dam across the Susquehanna River at or near Conowingo,
for the purpose of supplying power and electricity for Baltimore and
other cities.

The matter was brough before the Board with the result that it was
decided to protest against this and do everything possible to prevent
the erection of the dam. As the site of the proposed dam is outside
the State lines, the difficulties of the work were appreciably in-
creased, and Congressman McAleer was appealed to for assistance
to prevent, if possible, the complete the destruction of the shad
fisheries which were sure to result if the proposed dam was built.
Mr. McAleer promptly gave his aid and he began work energetically.
He first appealed to the War Department, on the ground that the
Susquehanna River is a navigable stream, and therefore that a dam
cannot be erected thereon without Congressional approval and the
consent of the Secretary of War. The Secretary of War, however,
held that as the site of the proposed dam is above tide water, the
matter was beyond his jurisdiction. This was communicated to our
body, but we held that notwithstanding the site of the proposed dam
is above tide water, that the War Department still had jurisdic-
tion, because of the understanding that the Courts had given very
sweeping decisions which extended navigable rivers far beyond tide
water, and wfth it extended Federal jurisdiction. The point thus
made had not been decided when the fiscal year closed.

During this period Congressman McAleer, however, was not idle.
He communicated with the United States Fish Commission and se-
cured from that body the promise of aid, and a strong protest against
the erection of the proposed dam.

In the meantime, Mr. McAleer has promised to watch for any
possible Congressional action and should that materialize to do all
ill his power to defeat the proposition of the power company.

The Susquehanna River is a conspicuous object lesson how a valu-
able industrv can be destroved bv obstructions, bv selfish and de-
Btructive methods of fishing.

A century ago the Susquehanna River was the greatest shad river
in the world outside of the Connecticut. Even before the nation
was but a few years old the value of its annual catch was estimated
to be more than one hundred thousand dollars, excluding the fish-
erics of the Chesapeake Bay. The fame of the fisheries of the Sus-
ijuehanna was so great, in the colonial days, that settlers were at-

I

traced thither from New England. Shad were caught in vast
numbers far above Sunbury and almost to the head waters of the

Juniata.

Fish baskets, fish pots, fish dams and other destructive methods
of catching fish were freely used, with the result that soon after the
beginning of the present century, there began an appreciable decline
in the fisheries.

Still they were still very valuable and far exceeded those of the
Delaware River or any other stream except possibly the Connecti-
cut. At length, Columbia and Nanticoke and other dams were
built as aids to the canal. With their building, the shad fisheries
were wiped out above them. By 1880 the shad fisheries of the
Susquehanna River were only five thousand dollars more than that
of the Delaware River, the one being {;S j.OOO and the other $80,000.
Ten years later, through the disgraceful methods of fishing per-
mitted by the State of Maryland, the shad fisheries of the Susque-
hanna had fallen to about |35,000, while those of the Delaware River,
through the elimination of all obstructions and of destructive de-
vices, had risen to over $200,000. Since then the Susquehanna shad
fisheries have fluctuated between $25,000 and $35,000, while those
of the Delaware are never below $500,000 and sometimes exceed
even these large figures. Yet, with the knowledge that in conse-
quence of the vast numbers of shad in the Delaware, resulting in the
fishermen of the river asking the Commissions to suspend artificial
propagation for a year or two, and with the vast sums realized by
the fishermen, on the Delaware, the State of Maryland persists in
permitting all liinds of illegal devices, the erection of dams and the
popular sentiment of the residents along the Susquehanna in Penn-
sylvania is undeniably against the enforcement of the fish laws.
We confess we cannot understand such folly.

In consequence of mistakes made in planting Atlantic salmon fry
in the Delaware for two or three years, the run of this great fish
almost ceased entirely. Three years ago, however, we returned to
the original plans and as a result we hope that within a year or
two, the Atlantic salmon will be caught again in large numbers.

Last winter, a bill known as the Lacey Bill was introduced and
passed Congress. It had for its object the greater protection of
game by suspending the inter-state commerce act wherever there
were state laws prohibiting the sale and transportation of game
for the market. We desired that the provisions of this act be
extended so as to cover certain game fish, and the Pennsylvania
Fish Protective Association, one of the most energetic organiza-
tions of the kind in the State, entered into correspondence with the
author of the bill. Mr. Lacey, however, while expressing sympathy
with the idea, felt that it might imperil the whole bill if this were
done, and no effort was made to have an amendment to cover fish.

28

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

It is not that the Commission has any serious objection to the
sale of any particular species of game fish that it was desirous of
having an amendment introduced into the Lacey bill, but it seri-
ously objects to the habit, which many dealers have, of bringing into
the State game fish, as, for instance black bass, and selling them after
the open season.

Under the Inter-State Commerce Act, this can be done with im-
punity, and, consequently, it is impossible for our wardens to tell
whether bass exposed in the markets in April, say, have been killed
in l»ennsylvania or in some nearby state where there is no close
season.

We are able to announce that we have made gratifying progress
towards getting something of fish work introduced into the public
schools of the State, and that without adding anything to the burd-
ens already on the little ones. As outlined in our last report, the
plan adopted was to prepare a series of trout eggs in different stages
of development and tender them to the superintendents of the larger
cities and towns of the State. The responses were most gratifying.

Over thirty superintendents, or almost all to whom word was
sent, and some who were not, but who learned of the project through
the newspapers, expressed a desire for the series, and asked, in ad-
dition, for a syllabus.

The work will go into ihe schools as a supplement to vegetable
embryology, and will supply a long-felt want on the part of the
principals of all up-to-date schools. The great difficulty which was
in the way of teaching children the foundations of embryology, in
the nature study course, was the embarrassments attending animal
embryology. The fact that fecundation of fish is almost exactly
the same with fish as with plants, yet the development of the embryo
in the ova is the same as in most animal life, entirely removed the
embarrassments, and makes the teaching of embryology in the
schools complete and in every way satisfactory.

The railroad companies have continued their liberal treatment
of the Fish Commission. The fry are transported without charge
and other privileges have been extended to the employes. We feel
especially indebted to the Pennsylvania, the Lehigh Valley, the
Philadelphia and Reading, the Allegheny Valley and the Delaware,
Lackawanna and Western roads. We take this opportunity of thank-
ing them for the assistance which they have given and for the many
courtesies extended.

We also desire to express our appreciation of the cordial support
and sympathy of the various true fish protective associations.
These bodies have done much for the advancement of fish protective
work in the State. We desire to note the admirable and persistent
labors of the Pennsylvania Fish Protective Association and the Nor-

No. 18. FISH COMMISSIONERS. 29

ristown Fish and Game Protective Association. To the first named,
we are under special obligations. Its time and its money are always
at the service of the Commission. Its room is always open for the
Commission meetings, and on several occasions, when it appeared as
though legal aid might be needed, the services of its attorney was
promptly olTered, without cost, to the Commission.

The Pennsvlvania Fish Protective Association is untiring in its
efforts to educate the people to the propriety of protecting immature
fish, and to observe strictly the fish laws, and it pursues vigorously
all law breakers.

It is constantly sending literature relating to fish to people in
all parts of the State, and it is untiring in its ett'orts to bring about
unity of action between sist<'r organizations so that a more powerful
combination against the lawless element may be presented.

We note with pleasure the formation of a new association in
Reading, and the promise which it has given to the Fish Com-
mission of cordial supi»ort as far as it can possibly do so. This
organization has not made the mistake which some have done on
its first formation, namely, that the sole aim and purpose is to secure
fish for planting regardless of whether the waters are suitable or
not. If all the associations newly formed were to adopt the sensible
plans and aims of the Berks County Fish and Game Protective Asso-
ciation, the work of fish culture and fish protection would be ma-
terially advanced in the State of Pennsylvania.

The following are the operations at the ditl'erent Stations during
the year :

Whi'tefish, 32,000,000

Pike-perch, 23,110,000

Blue pike 7,000,000

Shad, 14,000,000

Brook trout fry, 3,000,000

Atlantic salmon, 249.164

Lake trout, • • 44,000

Fish of One Year or Over.

Brook trout, ^ 9,012

California trout, 665

Ilvbrid trout 500

Brown trout 550

Fggs* for schools, 1,500,000

Total 80,913,891

Respectfully submitted,
g. B. STTLLWELL. JOHN HAMBERGER,

H. C. DEMUTH, JAMES A. DALE,

JAMES W. CORRELL, D. P. CORWIN.

80

REPORT OP THE

Off. Doc

REPOKT OF TREASURER.

Report of H. C. Demuth, Treasurer of the Pennsylvania Commis-
sion of Fisheries, for the fiscal year, from June 1st, 1899, to May 31st,
1900, as per reports on file in office of the Auditor General of Penn-
sylvania:

Gash received from Auditor General for hatcheries and

general expenses, |12,500 00

By payments as per vouchers:

Eastern Hatchery, |4,303 65

Western Hatchery, 3,468 81

Erie Hatchery, 2,859 26

General expenses, 1,479 93

12,111 65

Balance on hand, |388 35

Fish Warden Account.

Cash received from Auditor General, |5 000 00

By payments as per vouchcM-s ' 355 13

Balance on hand, |4,634 87

Sc. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

81

WESTERN STATION.

REPORT OF WILLIAM BULLER, SUPERINTENDENT.

Commissioners of Fisheries:

Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit herewith my annual
report of operations and condition of the Western Station, of which
I am Superintendent. During the year I took about 2,500,000 brook
trout eggs and hatched from these 2,400,000 fry. The take of eggs
began about the usual time, but on account of the warm weather
they hatched a little more rapidly than usual. This, however, did
not seem to allect the health of the little fish however, for when
distribution time came they were healthy and robust.

The number of fish hatched this year represents the full capacity
of the two houses on this station.

Besides the brook trout fry I hatched 5,000 lake trout under a
special request, but as the fish were not called for, I planted them in
Waterford Lake, Erie County.

I received the usiml number of applications during the year and
filled them all, but not by the end of the fiscal year. In this connec-
tion, I feel it my duty to call your attention to a growing tendency
on the part of applicants to request late shipments of fish. This
has grown into an evil which is threatening the usefulness of the
work of the Commission, and, in my judgment, ought to be stopped.

Unless extraordinary care and skill be employed it is safe, accord-
ing to my way of thinking, to say that ninety or more per cent,
of the trout fry planted after June 1st, die.

The number of applicants who are skilled are comparatively few
to those who know almost nothing about planting fish. Therefore,
the vast majority of trout planted after June 1st are thrown to their
death. The little fish are, moreover, weaker during the early
summer months than in the spring on account of the higher tempera-
ture of the w^ater, there being Iosh. life giving properties therein.

32

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

At this time tbej are laguid iu their movements and, therefore, those
that do not die at once in being thus planted late fall a very easy prey
to their numerous enemies.

Again, distributing fry after June 1st or even the latter part of
May requires the liberal use of ice. This reduces the temperature
of the water almost to freezing point and renders the fry nearly
torpid. This is why the fish livs during transportation without
frquent change of water. In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred,
when an applicant receives fry in such water, 1 am satisfied that
notwithstanding warnings, they are simply dumped into the streams,
the water of which is easily twenty degrees warmer. The effect
of this is practically the same as though a person would be thrust
naked from a room having a temperature of one hundred degrees
out into the open air registering zero, and kept there without cloth-
ing. That is death. No lish can stand such treatment. It has not
seemed right to me that the State should rear a million fry to be
simply destroyed to gratify the whim or the convenience of an ap-
plicant. Trout ought to be planted, not when an applicant thinks
he would like them, or for his person'al comfort to receive them, but
when the fish would be planted to the best advantage. I had appli-
cations this year for southern counties, carrying with them requests
to be tiih^d in June. The finh for these counties should be planted
during the early part of March, even the latter part of February,
but mail} of the applicants for that section of the State schemed to
think that because fry are planted iu the mountain districts later in
the spring, that it can b«* done successfully in their waters.

Apparently, many apjilicants fear that their fish will not be sent
late enough to suit them. Tf the applications are sent in early,
therefore, they do not forward them until warm weather sets in,
and this is another evil which is extending. Never before since my
connection as an employe of the Commission have so many late appli-
cations been received and never before was it so late ere I received
my first lot of approved ai)p1ications. Two years ago I would have
from 1,1(M) to him) applications by April 1st. This year, by that
date, I had less than one hundred, and the bulk did not arrive
until the latter i»ait of May. Further, instead of coming in in
hirge lots they arrived in small lots, extending to June. As a result,
I had to make three and four trips into the same section, which^
under nornml conditions, I could have done in one or at most two
trips. This means that under the present state of affairs the ex-
pense to the Commission is tripled and oftener quadrupled.

Still anoth(4' bad feature of this late shipping is the large quantity
of ice consumed. This year I have used nearly forty tons, against
about fifteen tons when trout were planted early. Last year the
ice bill from one firm in Corry was |36.00, and, in addition^ a large

1

32

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

At this time tliey are laguicl in llieir moveineiitt^ and, ilieiefore, those
that do not die at on^e in being thus planted late fall a very easy prey
to their uumerous enemies.

Again, distributing fry alter June 1st or even the latter part of

requires the liberal use ol* ire. This reduces the temiierat

lire

May

of the water almo^^t to freezing [Hnui and renders the fry nearly

torpid. This is why the lish livs during transi)ortation without

fr(]uent change of water, in ninelv-nine ca

ses uut of a hundred,

when an applicant receives fry in such water, 1 am satisfied that
notwithstanding warnings, they are simply dumped into the streams,

the

water o\' which is easilv twi'utv dem

ees warmer. The ellect

o

f this is practically the same as though a iierson would be thrust
naked from a room having a temperature of one humlred degrees
out int(> the open air registeiing zer«>, and kept there without cloth-
ing. Thai is death. \o tish can stand such treaimeiil. It has not
seemed rigiit to me that the Stale slumhl rear a million frv to be

simply destroyed to gratifv ihe whim or tl

le convenience of an ap-

plicant. Trout ought to be planted, not when an applicant thinks
he would like ihem, or for his personal comfort to i-eceive them, but

ige. I had appli-
liies. cariying with them recpiests

when the lish would be planted l<i ilic best advanl
cations this vear foi* southern eoni

to be tilled in June. Ihe fish for tl

lese counties sluMild be |»lanted

during the early i»art of March, even the latter part of Fel
but man\ of tlu' applicants for that seriion of ihr Stai

)iuarv

think that beiausi' fiy are planted in tl
thesj.iing. that it ran be done sucrcssfullv in tl

e s^'cmed to
le mountain districts later in

leii' wati'rs.

A]. parent ly. uiany applicants IVar that their lish will not be sent
enough to soil them. If the ajiplications are sent in earlv

lat

therefore, ihey do not forwar<l them until

and this is anoth<*r evil which is ext<'ndi

warm weather sets i

n.

ng. Never befoie since mv

connection as an emi»loy«^ of ihe <'oinmission have so many late ajipli-

e was It so late (

re I

re<-<'ive<

1

wo years ago I would have

catmns bc« n rerei\<Ml and never befoi

my liist lot of .ipju'oved apj»Ii«alinns. T

from 1,1(1(1 lo 1,;mM) a]>pli<ations by April 1st. This year. l»v that

date, I had less than one hundred, and the bulk did not arrive

until tin- latter pait of May. Further, instead o\'

large lots tiiev arrived in small loi

cominj'- III m

I had to make three and four trips inl(» |]

s. extending to June. As a result

under noinial comliti(»ns. I

le same seeti(Ul. which,

ould have done in on

tiii

»s.

Th

e or at most two

is means that under the ]ires<'ni state of alVairs tl

le ex-

j.ense to the ('omn)ission is tripled and oftcmM' ouadrunled

'till anoiher bad feature of ihis lale ship}

of ice consumed. This year I have us<m1 nearly fort v t

Miig is the large (pianiit v

I'bout fifteen tons when tl'oul

ons. against

were planted earlv. Last vear 11

w

ice bill from one firm in Covry was s:!(;.()0

and, in addition, a lanro

i^

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

33

quantity had to be purchased during the runs. This year the cost
was practically nothing, not because less ice was used, but because
I built an ice house and stored our own ice. Thus, the purchased
amount was small. I have used' as much as two tons of ice on a
single shipment.

Many applicants desire a late planting because of the belief that
as the fish are larger and older they will do better. This is a very
common error, for the reasons which I have given, and for others
which have appeared from time to time in the reports of your As-
sistant Secretary.

Small fish planted very early in the season will do better and fill
the streams more effectually than the same number of much larger
fish several months older and three times the size. If trout are
not planted between the middle of February and the middle of May
they ought not to be planted until October. With the present ac-
commodations it would be impossible to hold the trout in the ponds
or troughs until the autumn.

In one of his reports, Mr. Median stated that better results could
be obtained from the intelligent planting of one thousand four-
months' old fish than five-months' old fish. I desire to give my
support to this, my experience a?* a fish culturit't warranting my
saying emphatically that this statement is correct in every particular.

I earnestly recommend the following:

First.— That no applications for trout be received after March 31st.

Second.— That the requests of applicants for specified dates of ship-
ment be disregarded and the fry sent when it is best for the life of
the fish that they should be.

My exj)erience is that three-year-old trout are best for breeding
purposes. When the fish are older the fish eggs are larger and I
do not get as many. Further, they require more space in the hatch-
ing troughs, which is precions. The fish over three years old also
require considerably more food than those which are three years
old and under. The three year old are also more easily stripped
without fatalities than are older ones. I have usually about 2,000
three year olds which I would recommend be annually distributed
as soon as the eggs are taken. This would save considerable feed
and, at the same time, satisfy some who want large fish for planting.

Last autumn I received about 15.000 eggs from Viririnia, with
which I shall renew the blood in the ponds. My last renewal was
three years ago by eggs from Tasalia. Ohio.

For the first time since having charge of i\w Western Station
a number of large trout and hvbrid ti'out were killed bv the effects
of lightning during a tliu ruler storm. There were fifteen brown and
two hybrids killed in this manner. They were in a pond having a
stony bottom. The lightning did not strike either the ponds

3—18—1900

fni

34

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

OP on the grounds of the hatchery, but did strike in the woods ad
joining, and only a few hundred feet away. The fish appeared to be
paralyzed and swam feebly, sometimes on their backs and sides and
on their heads. They appeared to have no control whatever over
their movements. Their gills maintained their normal color, but
were widely distended. The storm was during the night and by the
evening after, greenish white spots showed themselves over the body
of most of the fish. Some were thickly dotted, some did not have
niany and some exhibited none. Soon after the spots began to
appear, the fish began dying. A few lived for three days; the
majority died the second day. I had all of them opened and care-
fully examined. In every case except one the air bladder had dis-
appeared, and that one exception was the fish which lived the
longest. In some the gall was burst. In each fish was a clot
of blood of normal color; otherwise the organs appeared to the
naked eye to be healthy and in no wise injured.

The lightning-affected fish were all in a pond with a gravelly and
stony bottom, the only one of the kind in the hatchery group having
large fish. Although the ponds also contained large California and
lake trout and a large sturgeon, none of these were affected.

In consequence of orders from the Commission, I did not propa-
gate any brown or California trout. The fish of these species marked
in the accompanying table of distribution were fry of the hatching of
1899, and left in the troughs on June 1st of that year. Also, in ac-
eordance with the directions of the Commission' I distributed all
the mature California and brown trout in the ponds except a few re-
tained for show purposes.

Acting under instructions, I began last summer the construction
of ponds for the experimental cultivation of small-mouth black bass.
I made two for retaining ponds, as follows: Each were 30 feet long,
12 feet wide, with a race at the upper end 24 feet long and 8 feet
wide. The water in the race is eight inches deep and in the ponds
four feet deep. The spawning ponds, two in number, were 24 feet
long and 10 feet wide. The water was nineteen inches deep. The
bottom was cemented and covered with two inchs of clean, loose
gravel. The spawning ponds were separated from the retaining
ponds by a wooden gate. Above the upper retaining pond I placed
a water-tight gate with a slide, so as to regulate the flow of water
and raise the temperature when needed.

The bottom of the retaining ponds was not cemented, but covered
with clay and then gravelled. In these two ponds I placed seventy-
eight mature small-mouth bass, and fed them two or three times a
week with about a tin cup full of tad-poles, and whenever any trout
died cut them up and fed the flesh to them. I used to feed them
liver, but the fish would not touch it. The cut fish food, however,
was general taken eagerly.

35

The fish thrived and grew, and entered the spawning ponds a little
later than usual on account of the coldness of the water. They
began making nests, one fish doing the work, but whether the male
or female I do not know. The fish spawned freely but unfortunately
on account of not understanding the work of bass culture thoroughly
I removed the mature fish too soon after spawning, instead of leav-
ing them until the eggs had hatched, as I have since learned I should
have done. I am, therefore, afraid that there will not be many
hatched this season. I feel reasonably sure, however, that next
year I may make a reasonable success of the work of hatching
this fish. I am encouraged in this belief on account of the readiness
the fish exhibited to go on the spawning beds and their apparent
satisfaction with the spawning grounds and the freedom of their
spawning.

I also made the same number of ponds for rock bass, and built them
exactly the same as for the black bass, except that in each pond
I placed an old stump, without fastening it, so that it could be
readily removed. My stock consisted of one hundred mature fish.
These I fed with cut liver, which they accepted. Late in the season
they began making nests around the stumps, but at the time of
making this report had not yet completed their work or begun the
function of spawning.

I noted that during the act of spawning the black bess seemed
more than unusually timid and would desert the nests when persons
approached abruptly. Orders, therefore, issued for visitors to keep
away from the ponds.

I noted the fact that I fed the black bass with tad poles, I have
found these creatures exceedingly easy to rear to a certain point,
but no further. In one of my ponds were about one dozen and a
half of large lake frogs. Some 300,000 eggs hatched naturally in
this pond and the little tad-poles I placed In the troughs in one
of the hatching houses. I think this was a mistake. I offered them
various foods, pulverized liver and corn meal were two of the foods
which I gave them particularly, but they did not seem to care for
either and they commenced to die rapidly. I then replaced the tad-
poles in the pond where I experienced no further trouble. The little
creatures seemed to feed greedily on the green slime and thrived
wonderfully.

This year I took some of the spawn and placed it in the hatching
troughs, permitting the water to only drip from the inflow cocks and
maintained over the spawn only about two inches of water. The
eggs swelled rapidly within the jelly-like matter which enveloped
them. Very soon they attained the size of a small cherrv. In three
or four days, the eyes began to show and in ten or twelve days the
little tad-pole was plainly visible. After this the egg began working

36

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

37

out of the jelly-like envelope, until it was entirely free. Almost
immediately after the tad-pole emerged from the egg. The little
creature seemed to have a sac, similar to that of a fish, but un-
fortunately not having proper facilities I could not determine this
definitely. This sac did not seem to be absorbed for eight or ten
days. The little tadpole grows very rapidly. Thus far, my experi-
ence is that the tadpoles may be best raised by leaving the spawn
to hatch naturally in the ponds.

This year aft^r spawning, the greater number of niatuie frogs
died, and at present I have not more than half a dozen, but from the
tapoles which I have there will be an abundance of young next year,
and in addition I shall get some mature frogs from Lake Erie.

I raised several thousand gold fish fry, but by some accident three
trout got in, and before their presence became known had devoured
all but one. There are, therefore, none this year for distribution
from this Station. It is exceedingly dilficult to guard against such
an accident as I have just noted. We may take all the care possible
and be absolutely sure that the pond is emptv of evervthing except
the particular fish desired, and then a few days after find two or
three large fish have managed to get in. Sometimes this is done
by leaping, sometimes they squeeze through a small leak and occa-
sionally will drop in while being carried from one pond to another
without being noticed.

The hatching houses are in good order, with the exception of need-
ing a coat of paint, and in the oldest structuix^, where a few trouc^hs
are showing signs of decay. They will, however, stand safely 'for
another year or two. A new walk will also have to be laid in the
old station. Last year I reported my intention to abandon the use
of the surface spring for the new house and use the water of the
pavilion spring. This I did during the summer, laving a six-inch
tile pipe between the spring and the house. Bv doing this I have
got m of the troublesome muddy water in times of heavv rains
besides securing a better flow. I also changed the outlet 'flow of
water from the old house so that instead of its being wasted it now
flows into some of the lower ponds. This enables me to keep more
fish in these places.

I also built an ice house 12 by 14 feet, with a capacitv of forty tons
of ice; easily fillod it during the winter and it furnished me nearlv
all the ice 1 required for shipping purposes.

I shall put a new roof on the old barn this Julv. This is a neces-
sary piece of work because the old one is so far gone that it is
impossible to store hay or any perishable food stuffs therein. I shall
place^a paper roof on instead of wood, because it is much cheaper
The bridge over the race, near the old hatching house, should also
be rebuilt this summer. It fell last year, carrying down with it

I

six persons, none of whom, fortunately, were hurt. Some of the
ponds must have new hiding covers, the old lumber having be-
come decayed. One thousand feet of lumber will be sufficient.

I now have three deer in the park, one of which is a fawn born
recently. These creatures add greatly to the attractions of the place
as also do about fifty Belgian hares which have the run of the deer
park. The number of visitors during the year greatly increased over
the previous one. Year by year the fame of this Station becomes
greater and public interest in the hatchery increases.* All who
visit the place seem greatly pleased and leave the grounds friends
of the Commission. I believe the making a park-like place out of
the Station and the consequent drawing of visitors does more for
the benefit of the Commission than all the arguments which can be
advanced.

During the year I hatched the following:

Brook trout, 2,400,000

Lake trout, 5^000

Frogs, 300,000

Total, 2,705,000

The following fish were distributed from June 1st, 1899, to June
1st, 1900:

Brook trout, 2,401,500

Lake trout 5^000

California trout 142,000

Brown trout 243 000

Brook trout. y«;n lings and over lOO

Hybrid liout, yearlings and over 500

Brown trout, yearlings and over, 5OO

Total 2.792,000

The detailed lists of distribution will be found attached to this
report.

The foregoing is rcsj)cctfully submitted.

With much respect, I am

WM. BFLLER,

Superintendent.

*

88

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

89

WESTERN STATION.

BROOK TROUT FRY DISTRIBUTED AFTER JUNE 1, 1899.

Date.

1899.
June 10

i

2
2
2

2
2
2
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
13
1
27
17
27
13
13
July 22
June 13
13
13
13
13
13

Adam Hane, ..
J. M. Rohn, ..
M. Benglman, .

Job Griffin

C. W. Ostrander, .

W. H. Horton,

Samuel Lee,

F. L. Kinner

O. O. Esser, Supt.,
O. O. Esser, Supt.,
O. O. Esser, Supt.,
O. O. Esser, Supt.,
O. O. Esser, Supt.,
O. O. Esser, Supt.,
O. O, Esser, Supt.,
O. O. Esser, Supt.,
Samuel B. Keppel, .

Li. B. Kessler,

R. C. Rishel,

S. C. Hole

J. W. Pruzman, ...
E. E. Squibb,

G. W. Bryant

J. H. Dougherty, ..

C. Dougherty

J. H. Davison,

J. H. Iloltzinger, .

C. P. Blair,

J. M. Thompson, ...

W. J. Latta

J. L. Armstrong, ..

James L^tta

R. King

N. G. Kurtz

Mord. M. Ellis

•••••<

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

New Freedom, Armstrong county,

Towanda, Bradford county

Durrell, Bradford county

Athens, B.-adford county,

-Athens, Bradford county

Athens, Bradford county,

Athens, Bradford county

-Vthcns, Bradford county

.-ayre, Bradford county,

.Sayre, Bradford county

fcjayre, Bradford county

eayre, Bradford county

■^ayie, Bradford county

.-^.-ryre, Bradford county,

.-ay re, Bradford county

sjayre, Bradford county

>:n;.ing Springs, Berks county, ..

Ueading, Berks county

Reading, Berks county,

Birdsboro, Berks county

Birdsboro, Berks county

Birdsboro, Berks county

Tyrone, Blair county

Altoona, Blair county,

Altoona. Blair county,

Altoona, Blair county,

Tyrone, Blair county

Tyrone. Blair county

Klnra, Butler county,

I'arkeFburg, Chester county ,

Pnrkesburg, Chester county

Parkesburg. Chestel- county

E. Downlngtown, Chester county,

Honey Brook. Chester county

PhoenixviUe, Chester county

2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,C00
1.000
1,0«M
1.000
2,000
2,000
2.000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2.000
2,000
2.000
2,0C0
2,000
2,000
2.000
2,000
1,000
2,000
2.000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
6.000
6,000
6,000
2,000
2,000
2.CW

Total.

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

Aug. 3

June 27

27

27

27

27

27

2

21

21

'21

23

23

23

27

27

15

15

15

15

lo

15

•

6

14

14

14

14

14

a

3
3

10
10
10
10
10

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

I • • • • • I

J. J. Hlcleman

W. L. Thomas

A. Hackley

J. W. Kaye

J. Howard.

A. Chesbro,

J. Li. Lingle,

Hun. \Vm, Chrisman

li. S. Barker

R. W, A. Jameson ;

W. A. Calderwood,

W. H. Barry

J. S. Smith

A. Sevenson

W. P. Neal

J. C. Merrill

J. Strohl

Ulysses Getz,

F. Yeriger

H. L. Huseman

Ira Getz

J. Smole,

C. E. Morgan, D. D. S. ,

G. W. Slfe, Ph. G

L, Connelly

S. Gensler

W. H. Wise

F. J. Kramer

J. Meishler

D. S. Richmond

'Amos Beard

R. C. McMaster,

E. C. StrousR

C. Whitling

C. B. Naramore

H. E. E. Walling

P. P. Fisher

Westtown, Chester county, 8,000 i

Emporium, Cameron county 1,000

Emporium, Cameron county l,0(K)

Emporium, Cameron county 1,(K)0

Emporium, Cameron county, 1,0(H)

Emporium, Cameron county 1,000

Emporium, Cameron county, 1,000

Bloom&burg, Columbia county, .... 6,000

Lock Haven, Clinton county 2,000

Lock Haven, Clinton county 2,000

Lock Haven, Clinton county 2,000

Renovo, Clinton county 10,000

Renovo, Clinton county 10,000

Renovo, Clinton county, 20,000

Renovo, Clinton county t.MO

Lock Haven, Clinton county 5,000

Albrightsvllle, Carbon county 2,000

Albrightsville, Carbon county, .... S,MO

Albrightsvllle, Carbon county, 2,0<W

Albrightsvllle, Carbon county 2, MO

.Mbrightsvilie, Carbon county, S.MO

.Mbrlghtsvllle, Carbon county, 2,000

Carlisle, Cumberland county 1,0(W

Carlisle, Cumberland county 1,000

Carlisle, Cumberland county t,9n

Carlisle, Cumberland county 2,000

Carlisle, Cumberland county t,M0

Carlisle, Cumberland county i.MO

Carlisle, Cumberland county, — t.MO

Meadvllle, Crawford county l.MO

Dixunburg, Crawford county 1,000

Adamsvllle, Crawford county 1,000

Meadvllle, Crawford county, ... 2,000

C nchranton, Crawford county t.WM)

Cochranton, Crawford county 2, (WO

Spartansburg, Crawford county, .. t.OOO

Spartansburg, Crawford county, .. 2.000

Total.

40

REPORT OP THE

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

1S99.

June 12

12

13

IS

13

31

July 22

June 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

E. M. Chrissman,
II. Li. Cooper, ...
J. English

Postofflce Address.

i

Cambridge Springs, Crawford Co.,

Kdinbfiro, Ciawfcjrd cuunty

."^partansburg, Crawford county, ..
J. Berliner j J^partansburff, Crawford Cuunly, .

J. Berliner | tjpartansburg, Crawford county,

i

H. J. Andrews i nLhraiUon, Crawford county,

Powell Bros . < . -adeland, Crawfurd county,

Dr. J. A. Murray Itarfit^ld, ("K-ai field county,

W. E. Hoover, .

R. K. >haw

F. G. Bennett. .
H. B. MahaflVy,
J. B. Craniur. .
F. G. Bennett, .

t li arlield, Clearlield county, ...

' .(arlield, Cloarfleld county, ...

Alahafiey, Clearfield county, ...

Mahaffey, Clearfield county, ...

-Mahaffey, Clearfield county, ...

Maliatiey, Clearfield county, ...

H. R. Militr i • oalport, Clearfield county

H. R. Miller | Coalport, Clearfield county

J. Black I Winburne, Clearfltid county, ...

Biit.n I!ml-r Winburne. Clearfield county, ...

F. Gus^iavav.in Winburne, Clearfield county, ...

A. (). s. iiiiii.iville, Winburne, Clearfield cuunty, ...

W. M. Hcyer, Winburne, Clearfield county,

1

T..eon .\ibert

1

E. Albeit

1

A. McQuilUn. P. M

1

W. F'cilkinghorn

1

J. S. Oilman

1

G. E. Jones

1

A. S. Brown

1

Justin Pie

fa'

R. G. McCracken

2:

L. B. Hlle

2

M. II. Blyth

2:

D. E. Chaplin

1

^. W. Mangle

1

T. G. McCausland

1

J. M. Kepler & Son, ...

1

IT. Gunpalenp

\^■oodeIand, Clearfield county, ..

Woodeland, Clearfield county, ..

Woodeland, Clearfield county. ..

Woodeland, Clearfield county, ..
, Woodeland. Clearfield county, ..
I Ofcceola Mills, Clearfield county.
j > >Pceola Mills. Clearfield county.
>sceola Mills, Clearfield county,

Kerrmour, Clearfield county, ..

Kerrmour, Clearfield county, ..

%Tadlna, Clearfield county

Tamey, Clearfield county

Phllipaburg, Centre county

I'hilipsburg, Centre counly,

IMne Grove Mills, Centre ci.unty,

Snow Shoe, Centre cuunty,

4,0CO
4,000
2,000
2.000
2,000
2,000
4,000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1,000
1,000
l.COO
1,000
1,000
1,0C0

i.oeo

J,lX)0
1,000
l.MO
1,000
1,000
l.MO
1.000
1,(K)0
1,000
1,000
l.MO
l.OOO
2,000

t.coo

2,000
2,000

i,(m

l.COO
SsOOO

i.rrc

No. shipped. ', Total.

533

I— I

en

m

I,

«

40

REPORT OF THE

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

i'lj^l'-'Ilice AUdrfS;

><u. ^lii] i.f.i

lulal.

1£99.

June 12 I-;. M. i|'ri.--'iiaii.

12 li. L. . .„,i,,.r

!■: J. KUfe'lith,

li J. ik'tiiner,

13 J. iJerliner

31 li. J. Andrews,

July :.'■.' I'mWcII I'.rns

June I l»r. J. A. Murray

1 W. H. I|..,\.i-

1 u. i:. ^ I ,,,s

1 F. C. 1

1 li. i;. M,,i Ml >

1 J. I!. •■l.li.,i

1 F. <:. l;. I,:,, ti

1 H. i: Mill !

1 Jl^ l: Mill r

1 .1^ Fnn k >\ .iiliii! r;-. ' i-ann:,! . ,uii!\

1 i;s-ii.n i;i.;l I. \>'; i.liiii ti.-. I ;.a

1 r i; I ■ . .....^ w

I -^^ •• ^' !'.! A .-.!,;, Ml, .. > ., a

1 W. M i; - :. . , : I, Hi.... <■ • !■• . i :--y

1 I.., I, A:,. . , . : ,1 > ^ .. ;

1 '■• -M!'!; 'A .: hsn.L ^ . ,.,unty. ...

1 A. M.-Miii:!.n, !■ M _ .. A i-AuhI. < a. mi;. -id .•■.iinty ...

^ ^"'^ ''■ ''^ -A.arli. Ad .■ ,unty. ...

1 .1 H < liAn in \\ ,

^ ''■ '■ '"■■■• -' '.:.i Mil's. •■leartl.-Id ..ir.ty. .

^ ■' ^ '''"^^■» • Mils, n,a,:i. id ,.,„„, V. .

' '"^"" '•!•■ ■ . M.^, .-A.,.,, ld.,.unty. .

"■ '' ''■ ""•■ ..-!:..;,. . l.arlMd - ainfy. ...

= '' "• ^■'>»" ■ • . . >r, n , .:.ty

'■ "■ '•'• *'^="'^»" ' - -LarliHi .-untv

1 ;. W. ManulM, ., ,• .

1 r. f, M,-r;,„s,and : ; ,.,.,„, r,ni. - .-^nu-

1 r. M K.-M-r ^ 8on. ... .An. (hnv,- Mills < Mrt ,- u-i.-.

1 , H. Hunsal-np ^nnu- Shoo. Centre e ui-v.

iiil.ii.iL^' Siiriiu-. iAau-i..rd Co.,

4 , 'JhU

i-'iA i , 1 ■; au !^ !.l (.■ .uniy

4.9)0

.- ;

al lan.-liiliK, I'raWMid >; untj, ..

2,0M

.- 1

ai lan.'^bUi^'. I'i.iW;. 1-d C' Uiily.

2.1 MX)

a. t,.iisbii!K, flaw), rd caiaty.

2,wjO

,

alaiihai. • raw : pid r.iU:ity

2 , I'll '0

. a land. > 'raw i-rd (j.mnty

4, O.JO

i

;"Mi.ld. 1 A . ainty

1.000

1

' 1.

-iMi. ;.i, ( 1, aili- Id .'.lUiiiy

l.tJiMJ

1

.' .. ... ' . ai li. id r .uaiy

1 . tijU

.. i

. ' . ai ll-Al CDUIUy,

1.000

..!,

ill ii;. .\', » A. ai hi al >.■ aiiit.\

l.lll)

Al.

t'laii. s , 1 ;. a. la-id (.•■ uiit>

l.fGo

'■ <i: \ , < 'a a: 11. -id cunty, ......

l.tJUJ

• A '1 1, • 'i'-arli.'i.i . uiity

I,..,-,

1

(

ill" rt. < 1. .nii.-jii (■•.uiuy

: , 'ao

■Ufa V

d . liar

I . •- i I
].r,f,.

; . ' '•<->
l.Ki'

1 , I I '!>

1 . 000
1 , 1 u")
1,000
l.OoO

1 . wo

1,'V'A
V ' '^
2, (CO
2,MiO

2, WO
l.OAO

1 . c<-^o

t . f W
1 ^(r

t-— I

en
DC

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
BROOK TROUT FRY-Continued.

41

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped. Total,

189S.
June 1 J. A. Kjlly,

Snow Shoe, Centre county,

5 R. M. Foster i state College. Centre county. ..

5 F. A. Snyder

5 I. J. Dresse

26 R. M. Foster, .,

26 F. H. Snyder. ..

6 Lyman Humes. ..

6 H. W. Hess

26 W. Shope

13 W. Hatfield

13 F. J. Maxwell, .
13 F. W. McFarlln. ,

13 H. M. Klme

13 F. M. Holes

13 E. C. Kime

27 A. Karl

3 J. Francis

3 J. Clark

3 H. Tibbals

10 Joseph Weschler.
12 H. C. Vunk

12 H. H. Frlsbee

13 J R. Brigham. ...

13 Frank Laurie

13 Prank Laurie

13 Frank Laurie

16 C. H. Wetmore

^V J- Selsle

19 G. Farnham

19 W. Arnold

19 James Richards, ...

19 Erie Richards

t7 H. C. Prazer

July 26 Jackson Koehler. ...

June 6 S. H. Gams

C. Palmer

27 I Prank Means,

State College. Centre county.

Lemont, Centre county

State College. Centre county, .
State College, Centre county,
Harrisburg, Dauphin county,
Hairisburg, Dauphin county,
Hairisburg. Dauphin county,

liidgway. KIk county

Ilitl>i\vay. i:ik c.junty

itidKWay. iOJk cuunty

Hidgway, Elk county

Ridgway. Elk county

Hidgway, Elk county.

St. Marys. Elk county

Francis. Erie county

Francis, Erie county

I^rle, Erie county,

Erie, Erie county

Edinboro, Erie county,

Mill Villa-?e, Erie ccunty

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county

Corrj-, Erie county, ...
Corry, Erie county, .
:''"rry, Erie county. .

I

I *'<'rry, Erie county

I
' '^orry. Erie county.

'^orry, Erie county,

• • Corry, Erie county,

Corry. Erie county. .

Corry. Erie county

Rj'Je. Erie county

Marlon. Franklin county

j Marion, Franklin county

I

i '^p-rirpvllle. Indiana ccunlv

•••«•■••

«••••••

1,000

1.000

l,0«O

1.000

2.000

2,000

1,000

1.000

4,000

2,000

2.000

2, ceo

2,CCC

2,00c

?,ooc

10,000
1.000
1,0W.

l.OCt

f.Ofn

2,0<-'

4.000

2.000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2.000

2.000

2.000

2.000

2,000

1,000

5,000

l.OCO

1,C00

5,000

42

REPORT OF THE

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

No. 18.

Date.

Name.

If99.

June 1 L. Banks, ,..-.

1 C. S. Krick, ^

1 C. S. Krick. ,

I C. E. Knlsely

20 E. H. Wright,

20 H. Coder,

20 C. A. Quiggle,

20 H. H. Purdy

20 F. K. Brower

20 W. H. Holter

20 F. M. Van Devender, ....

20 J. F. Hartzell

20 J. M. Cunningham,

21 S. I. Price

21 H. L. Slack,

21 G. M. Kissinger

22 G. E. Groff

22 J. Paul Suers

22 J. T. Esler

22 S. S. Brown

23 R. A. Jaggard, ..
M H. H. Meglnness,
U A. D. Updegraff,
23 J. J. Washam, ...
& J. L. Herman, ...
23 J. B. Updegraff, .
tS J. Fensterm acker,
SS D. E. Hostrander,

I H. C. Trexler

i G. B. DuBols, ...

8 John Farrell

5 J. D. Amfleld, ...

Postoffice Address.

»•••••

Mooslc, Lackawanna county ,

6 J. A. Hand Muosic, Lackawanna county

5 J. E. Sullivan, i j^

6 N. A. Davis,
B A. E. Bailey,

••*«■#•

icrmyn, Lacka%vanna county

Clarks Green. Lackawanna county,
Dalton, Lackawanna county

No. shipped.

Mlfllintown, Juniata county,

Patterson, Juniata county,

Patterson, Juniata county,

Patterson, Juniata county

VVUliamsport, Lycoming county, .

Wllllamsport, Lycoming county, .

Williamsport, Lycoming county, .

Williamsport, Lycoming county, .

SVilllamsport, Lycoming county, .

Williamsport, Lycoming county, .

Williamsport, Lycoming county, .

Williamsport, Lycoming county, .

Williamsport, Lycoming county, .

W ill iamf port, Lycoming county, .

Williamsport, Lycoming county, .

Williamsport, Lycoming county, .

A'illiamsport, Lycoming county, .

\Mlliamsport, Lycoming county, .

Williamsport, Lycoming county, .

Williamsport, Lycoming county, .

Williamsport, Lycoming county, .
Williamsport, Lycoming county, .

Newberry, Lycoming county,

Newberry, Lycoming county,

Newberry, Lycoming county

Newberry, Lycoming county,

Slate Run, Lycoming county

Cammal, Lycoming county,

AUentown, Lehigh county

Thornherst, Lackawanna county, .
Nay Aug, Lackawanna county, ..

W. K, Beck Moscow, Lackaw

anna county.

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2.000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2.000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

4,000

2.000

2,000

t.000

2,000

2,000

2.000

2,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

4,000

Total.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

48

Date.

1899.

Name.

5

5
20
20
21
23
23
23
23
23
23
2
2
2
S
2
2
2
2
20
20
20
10
SO
20
20
6
«
6
I
g
6
i
6
13

Frank Coors

J. S. Harding, ..

E. Gershbacher, .

G. M. Harding, ..
J. Kurtz

A. C. Swartz, ...

A. I. Emery

A. Summerson, ,

Jas. Arshbald, . .

W. W, Scranton,

John Cosslet, ...

Robert Reeves, .

Wm. Marple, ...

A. Mitchell

A. Mitchell

A. Mitchell

A. Mitchell

A. Mitchell

A. Mitchell

A. Mitchell

Jacob Barry, ...
W. P. Hunter, .
Hugh Malloy, ..
P. M. Sweeney,
A. H. Schelrer, .

W. Naustlel

W. R. Miller

J. W. Baylor ,

Sam. Matt. Friday,
A. H. Brubaker, ...

S. O. Frantz

H. Burd Cassel, ...
J. P. Bowman, .,
J. P. Bowman, .,
J. P. Bowman, .,
Col. James Duffy
C. F. Quade

Postoffice Address.

No. shipped.

••••••

••••(•••t

••»•••>

Clifton, Lackawanna county,

Clifton, Lackawanna county

Clifton, Lackawanna county

Clifton, Lackawanna dounty,

Clifton, Lackawanna county

Clifton, Lackawanna county

Klzers, Lackawanna county,

Scranton, Lackawanna county, ..
Scranton, Lackawanna county, ..
Scrantun. I^ackawanna county, ..
Scranton, Lackawanna county, .,
Scranton, Lackawanna county, .
Scranton, Lackawanna county, .
Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne county, .,
Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne county, .

Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne county, .

vVilkes-Barre, %juzerne county, .

Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne county, .

Wlikes-Barre, Luzerne county, .

Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne county, .

White Haven, Luzerne county, ...

Cunningham, Luzerne county, ...

Freeland, Luzerne county,

Fivtland. Luzerne county

White Haven, Luzerne county, .

White Haven, Luzerne county, .

\\ hite Haven, Luzerne county, .

White Haven, Luzerne county, .

.Mountvire. Lancaster county, ...

ilohrerst wn, Lancaster county, .

i: hr rst \vn, Lancastt r County, .

Marietta, Lancaster county

Marietta. Lancaster county,

.Marittta, Lancaster county

Marietta, Lancaster county,

.Marietta, Lancaster county

F.on View, Lancaster county. ...

1,000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2,000
2.000
2.000
8.000
6,000
8,000
6.000
6.000
6.(H)0
1.000
1,000
1,000
LOCO
• 1,000
1,000
LOCO
1,000
2,000
4,000
2, COO
2,0€0
2,000
2.CC0
2,060
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1,000
1,000
1,(00
1,000
2,000

Total.

44

REPORT OF THE
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

No. 18.

Date.

Name.

1899.

i
1

June 13

Ed. Gardner,

13

John Gailbralth

13

John Gailbralth

13

E. Atwood Jamison,

13

G. D, Banner,

13

Sam. Matt. Friday

13

Jacob C. Seltz,

19

R. D. Herr

19

R. D. Herr

19

Dr. J. P. Roebuck

19

^V. H. Weise

19

W. H. Welse,

19

Dr. J. B. Lincoln

19

Dr. J. B. Lincoln

19

J. M. W. Johnston, Esq.,

19

Hon. H. C. Demuth

19

Dr. H. E. Muhlenberg, ..

19

Dr. H.»E. Muhlenberg. ..

19

Dr. Park P. Breneman, .,

19

Dr. Park P. Breneman, ..

19

Geo. M. Franklin

19

Geo. M. Franklin,

19

B. J, McGiunn

19

Jno. B. Peoples

1

Samuel L. Watts,

1

J. L. Settle

1

J. Bisbie

1

J. D. Miller

1

J. D. Miller

15

Michael Miller

15

Wm. Miller

20

T. F. Stubbs

20

W. Harry Stubbs,

20

W. Harry Stubbs

21

J. C. Alleger

10

E. Buckham, Jr.,

15

E. L. Hallman

Postoffice Address.

i^o. shipped.

Colemanville, Lancaster county,
Kirkwood, Lancaster county, ..
Kirkwood, Lancaster county, ..

Oak Hill, Lancaster county

Manheim, Lancaster county ,

Mountville, Lancaster county, ...
Muuntville, Lancaster county, ...

Refton, Lancaster county

Relton, Lancaster county,

Lititz, Lancaster county

Drumore, Lancaster county

Drumore, Lancaster county

^"liurchtiAvn, Lancaster county, ..
Church*o\vn, Lancaster county, ..
Lancaster, Lancaster county, ...
Lan* a.ster, Lancaster county, ...
Lancaster, Lancaster county, ...
l.aneaster, Lancaster county, ...
Lancaster, Lancaster county, ...
Lantas^ter, Lancaster county, ...
LaiKister, Lancaster county. ...

f^ancaster, Lancaster county,

Lancaster. Lancaster county,

I.aiK a.-tir, I^anca.^ttT cnunty

Mattawatina, Mifllin county

Mattawanna, Mifllin county

Mattawanna, Mifllin county,

Xiwtiin Ilaniiltnn. Mifflin county,
.Xewtcin Hamilton. Mifflin county.

.Appenzel, Munrue county,

Appenzel, Monroe county

IJlakeslee, Monroe county,

Blakeslee, Monroe county

Blakeslee, Monroe county

Bartonsvllle, Moneroe county

Mercer, Mercer county,

Norristown, Montgomery county. .

2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
4.000
20,000
2.000
2,000
2.000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2.00O
2.000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1.000
1.000
2,000
2.000
2.000
2,000
2,000
2.000
4,000
2,000 I

Total.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

45

Date.

1S99.
June 20
23
23
23
5
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
IS
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
12
12
IS

C. D. Felix,

V. S. Truckenmiller

G. W. Armstrong

G. P. Armstrong

Hon. J. W. Correll,

H. T, Pearson,

H. P. Betgo

W. H. Scott

F. L. Kllnker,

C. H. Grose

W. H. Hoffman

J. F. Hoffman

H. E. Klnsey

Hon, J. W. Correll,

W. E, Meehan

W. C. Hitchcock

E. M. GlUon,

F. G. Reise

M. Joerg

G. H. Green,

J. Walter Wells

F. B. French

E. W. Robinson

A. S. Heck

C. Lee Peck

N. A. Pinney

F. J. Weisert,

A. H. Glover

E. L. Knapp

M. W. Qrldley

E. A. Hovey

Fred. Baker,

L. G. Stillman,
H. M. Merrltt, ..

D. N. Rumsey, ..

A. B. Payne, ...

I

i C. G. Slgler

PostofHce Address.

No. shipped. Total

• « • • •

!*•••••

Shamokin, Northumberland Co., . 2,000

McEwensville, Northumberland Co. 2,000

.McEwensvilie, Northumberland Co. 2,000

McEwensville, Northumberland Co. 2,000

Easton, Northampton county, ... 10,000

Oath, Northampton county 2,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 2,0M

IJtthlehem, Northampton county, 2,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 2,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 2,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 2,000

Bethlehem. Northampton county, 2,000

Easton, Northampton county 20.000

Easton, Northampton county 60,000

Philadelphia, Philadelphia county. 20,000

Coudersport, Potter county, 1,500

Coudersport, Potter county 1,500

Coudersport, Potter county 1,500

Coudersport, Potter county 1,500

Coudersport, Potter county 1,600

Coudersport, Potter county, 1,500

Coudersport, Potter county, 1,500

Coudersport, Potter county 1,500

Coudersport, Potter county 1,500

Coudersport, Potter county, 1,500

<V»udersport, Potter county 1,500

Coudersport. Potter county 1.500

riysses. Potter county 1,800

TTlysses. Potter county, 1,5M

I"Iyssps. Potter county, 1,600

riysses. Potter county. 1,500

T'lyssep, Potter county, 1.500

Ulysses, Potter county 1,500

Ulysses. Potter county 1,:m

Oawayo, Potter county 6.000

I

Oswayo, Potter county 6,0(W4

Cross Forks, Potter county, 4.000 ,

46

REPORT OF THE

BROOK TROUT FRY— Conllnued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

PostofHce Address.

1899.
June 12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
If
SI
21

n

12
12
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
M

U

E. Peltz

P. W. Ely

W. M. Jones,

H. Duncan

G. M, Cummlngs, ...

fl. Bodler,

P. V. Peck

L. Egnell

P. Klrkenbarker, ...

S. G. Means

H. M. Ripple, M. D„
J. N. Brosius, .

H. Smith

P. Roe

J. P. Taylor, ...
C. F. Watsons,
J. P. Taylor, ..
W. A. Cooley, .
W. H. Woodruff,
C. D. Beck,

C. M. Hawley, .,
G. E. Woodruff,
F. F. Reynolds, .
Nick Roach

A. Curtis

Jennings Bros., ..

B. W. Jennings,

D. E. Townsena,
F. H. Rockwell,

F. H. Rockwell.
Lewis Nearlng, .
a. D. CTark

G. D. Clark

J. Aylesworth, ..
I#. R. Horton. ...
D.,F. Aylesworth,
W. B. Steele

■ • • • •

•••••••

«••««•••

••*•••••

••*•••••••

Cross Forks, Potter counly,

Cross Forks, Potter county, ....

Cross Forks, Potter counly

Cross Porks, Potter county ,

Cross Forks, Potter county

Cross Forks, Potter county

Cross Forks, Potter county,

Cross Forks, Potter county,

Cross Forks, Potter county

Cross Forks, Potter county

Selinsgrove, Snyder county, ....

Mt. Pleasant, Snyder county, ....

Fair Dalp. Susquehanna county, .

F'air Dale, Susquehanna county, .

Montrn^o *Susquehanna county, .

Montrose, Susquehanna county, .

Montrose, Susquehanna county, .

Montrose, Susquehanna county, .

Montrose, Susquehanna county, .
Montrose, Susquehanna county, ,
Mf^ntrose, Susquehanna county, .
Montrose, Susquehanna county, .,

Tiffany, Susquelianna county,

'J'iffany Susquehanna county

TifTpny, Susquehanna county

Lonez. Sullivan county

Lopez. Sullivan county

Tiadaghton, Tioga county

Wfllsburo, Tioga county,

Wellsboro, Tioga county

Morris Run. Tioga county

Blossburg. Tlof^a county

niossburg. Tioga county

Blossburg, Tioga county,

Blossburg. Tioga county

Blossburg, Tioga county

Blossburg, Tioga county

>fo. shipped I Total.

4.00C

4,000

4,000

4,000

4,000

4,000

4,000

4.000

4,000

4,0OC

4,000

4.000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2.000

2.000

2.000

2,000

2,000

2,000

4.000

4,000

t.OOO

2,000

S,00O

2.000

2,000

2,000

2,000

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

47

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Nam*.

1899.

June 24 W. C. Babcock, ...

24 H. H. Roberts, ....

24 A. W. Babcock, ...

24 F, H, Stratton,

5 C. L. Brancher, ...

21 A. Beisicker,

t J. E. Harding

S C. A. Little

2 C. H. Marcy

2 J. H. Farrell

2 F. Kuhns,

2 G. J. Heintzleman,

2 G. Trexler

5 Scott Ball

12 S. A. Sturdevent, ..
10 J. M. Mills

13 W. Weed

16 Joe Cracker

16 R. Burke

16 R. Burke.

16 J. Stems

19 Geo. Richards,

24 H. M. Adams

6 J. C. Neff

6 C. Mays

6 J. B. Hemnan

0 E. Ness

6 H. A. Evans

• W. James Stifler, .

• J. Gilbert

6 Hon. J. A. Dale, ..

14 S. B. Hay

14 L. M. Herman

14 G. H. Writer. ....

14 W. L. Byers

14 M. M. Hays

14 E. H. Sterner,

14 E. H. Semer,

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

TotaL

Blossburg, Tioga county. 2,000

Blossburg, Tioga county, 2,000

Blossburg, Tioga county, 2,000

Blossburg, Tioga county 2,000

Milimont, Union county, 1,000

Hollisterville, Wayne county 2,000

Jenks, Wyoming county 1,000

Tunkhannock, Wyoming county, . 6,000

Falls, Wyoming county 1,000

Ricketts, Wyoming county 1,000

Ricketts, Wyoming county 1,000

Ricketts, Wyoming county 1,000

Ricketts, Wyoming county 1,000

East Leman, Wyoming county. .. 1.000

Meshoppen, Wyoming county, ... 2,000

Warren, Warren county 6,000

Plttsfield, Warren county 12,000

Columbus, Warren county 2.000

Columbus, W^arren county 2,000

Columbus, Warren county, 2,00t'

Spring Creek, Warren county 2,000

Garland, Warren county 2,000

Spring Creek, Warren county 2,000

Red Lion, York county 1,000

Red Lion, York county 1,000

Red Lion, York county 1,000

Red Lion, York county 1,000

Allston, York county 1,000

Brldgeton, York county, 1.000

East Prospect, York county 1,000

York, York county 15,000

Newberrytown, York county 4,000

Newbcrrytown, York county 4,000

Newberrytown. York county 4,000

Newberrytown, York county 4,000

Newberrytown, York county 4,000

Codorus, York county 2,000

Codorus, York county, < 2,000

48

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

Total.

1899.
June 14

S. A. Snyder

New Sinsheim, York county

Glennville, York county

Broadbecks, York county,

Broadbecks, York county,

Yocumtown, York county

Yocumtown, York county,

Bridgeton, York county,

Wrightsville, York county

Wrightsville, York county

Wrightsville, York county

2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
4.000
2,000
2.000
2.000
2,000

14
14

Rev. W. H. Katterman, .
N. Runkle

14
14

E. K. Glatfelter,

J K. Willis

14

S. Willis

14

C. C. Stiefler

13

C. M. Kerr,

13

H. B. Kerr

13

E. U. Aumiller,

BROOK TROUT FRY DISTRIBUTED TO JUNE 1, 1900.

I •■ ••••••!

1900.

April 5 D. C. Shaw

5 W. A. Glenn, ...

S F. A. Woolrldge,

5 Wm. Person, ...

6 E. B. Vandergrrlft

5 W. G. Jones

5 I J. H. Stewart,

I

S Alex. M. Scott,

S C. H. Behn, .

2 G. G. Zeth. ..

2 E. J. Wilson. .

2 G. W. Bryant,
May 1 G. G, Zeth, ...

»••••«••

1 Jno. Schenk

1 W. E. Bell

1 W. W. Wilson, ..

1 J. S. Stier

1 J. F. Killltts

April 25 A. S. Wagner, .

25 G. S. Wagner

25 Dr. F. B. Beikhlmer,

S5 i J. S. Smith,

•■••••<

Pittsburg, Allegheny county
Pittsburg, Allegheny county
Pittsburg, Allegheny county
Pittsburg, Allegheny county
Pittsburg, Allegheny county
Pittsburg, Allegheny county
Pittsburg, Allegheny county
Pittsburg, Allegheny county

Altoona, Blair county

Altoona, Blair county,

Tipton, Blair county,

Tyrone, Blair county

Altoona, Blair county, ...
Altoona, Blair county, ...
Altoona, Blair county, ...
Altnnna, Blair county, ...
Altoona. Blair county, ...
Altoona. Blair county, ...
Woodliury. Bedford county,
Woodbury. Bedford county.
Wondbury, Bodford county.
Yellow Creek, Bedford county

1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,600
1.500
1.500
1,600
7,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1.500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1,600

48

REPORT OF THE

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

I'.isi-illee Address.

Nu. t^hijiiitU.

1S09.
June

14 S. A. i^nyder New .^iiisluini. Vnrk cuunty,

14 Iltv. W. H. Katternian, . < !i. nm ilk-, YitK inuiity, ..

14 X. Runkle i ic.i.ih. . k-. V..ik county, .

14 ]■:. K. Glatfelter T.r ,1.11..., ks. V.rk .•..umy, .

14 J. K. Willis, ' ViiLiiiiii'iuii. Yi.ik inunty, .

I

14 .'^. Willis, y.Ktuntiiwn, Yi.rk cminty, .

14 ('. C. Stiefler i'.i i.]u>t n. Y.rk county

13 <;. M. Kerr W riuhtsx ill.-. Y-ik «-..umy.

lo n. B. Kerr Wri.ulU.'-villo, Yi>ik (■•.uniy.

i;; E. U. Aumiller, Wriuht.-vill. , York ci.unty.

2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
4.000
4,000
2,000
's.iM
2,Cm?0
2,0W)

BROOK TROUT FRY DISTRIBUTED TO JUNE 1, 1900.

1900.

April 5 DC. Shaw

." \V, A. Glenn, ...

r. F. A. Wool ridge,

5 Wni. Ferson, ...

5 E. B. Vandergrift,

.'■) W, G. Jones

5 J. H, Strnart

5 Alex. M. Scott, ...

2 C. H. Behn

2 n. G. Zeth

2 E J. Wllt^on

2 O, W. Bryant

May 1 G. G. Zeth

1 Jno. Schenk

1 W E Bfll

1 W. W. Wllpon. ...

1 J. F. Ptl.r

1 J. F. KllHtts

April 2^ A. S. Wapner, ..

2' n R. WaKner. ...

25 Dr. F. B. Bcikhlmer,

25 J S. Smith

l'itt>^bui-.u. .Ml.-uli.-ny cmnty
I'ittsl.iiiLr, .Ml.-uh-ny .-. unty
Pittsliuru. .Ml.'L'h.-ny ...unty
Pittsburg-, .Mli'slituy <'i.unty
rittsliuri;. .\il<-L;h..n\ n uiity
Pittsburu. Al!..t;li..ny cnunty
I'ittsbiirir. AI!c«h>ny ciunty
i '.M -buii: . Alh'uli.ny c.uiity

.\lt'M !i;i . l!!;i ir •■' unty

AltiMiiia, I Uair (•■.unty

'i'i|.t.>n. in.iir ciunty

'ryir.ne. T'.lair f..unty,

.Mt.M.na, ni;iir < .ninty

.Mtoi.nn. llhiir (..unfy

N'!...,!i;i. P'air I'. .unty

A Itii. .na. I^hiif < ■ .unty

A'?- itia. i;'iii- I .unty

Alt.„iia. !;!air f..unty

\\' ll.ury. H.-df,.r.l <• .unty, ..

Wr. I'lbuiy, n..ilf(ii d (" .unt V, .
\^'.i .dbuiy. H' .lff.i-,1 r..ur.ty. ,.
Y.llnw Cs-^r-u-. Bcrif.ird c.iuntv

1.500
l.ROO
1,500
1,D<T0
1.500
1,500
1,500
1.500
7,500
1,500
1 50*1
1,500

1 . r.oft

1 , .".00
1 , 500
l..-nO
l,.-00
1.500
1 . non
1 . r,ofl
1,500

Total.

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

No. IS.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

49

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

May

1900.

April 25

23

25

25

25

2

25

23

25

April 4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

20

20

H. E. Smith

A. C. Davis,

G. C. Stlffler

L.. Saupp

J. V. Killinger, ..

S. L. Buck

Wm. Paclcard

Dr. J. W. Parsons,

N. P. Cease

J. W. Kays,

G. Gwinn,

J. L. LIngle

R. R. McQuay

W. Robinson

Joseph Kays,

J. Howard

C. Barton,

Elmer Kays

A. McDonald,

W. fc. Thomas

W. Aucher

Henry Aucher

E. G. Coleman

J. Thomas

Fred. Julian

M. J. B. Brooks, ...
J. A. Barr,

D. Q. Stewart

G. E. Lamb

S. M. Graham

H. Ford

J. E. Horr

H. Sankey

E. A. Davis

C. H. Davis

T. F. Riley,

Postofflce Address.

Yellow Creek, Bedford county, ..,

Bedford, Bedford county,

Bedford, Bedford county ,

Bedford, Bedford county

Bedford, Bedford county

New Enterprise, Bedford county.

Canton, Bradford county

Canton, Bradford county

Canton, Bradford county

Emporium, Cameron county, ...

Cameron county, ...

Cameron county. ...

Cameron county, ...

Cameron county, ...

Cameron county, ...

Cameron county, ...

Cameron county, ...

Cameron county, ...

Cameron county, . . .

Cameron county, ...

Cameron county, . . .

Cameron county, ...

Cameron county, . . .

Cameron county, ...

Cameron county, ...

Driftwood, Cameron county

Mix, Cameron county

Moshannon, Centre county

Philipsburg, Centre county

Phllipsburg, Centre county,

Phlllpsburg, Centre county

Philipsburg, Centre county,

PhiUpsburg, Centre county,

Phlllpsburg, Centre county

Philipsburg, Centre counfy

Boalsburg, Centre county

I'^mporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium
Emporium

No. shipped.

C. D. Motz Woodward, Centre county,

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1.500

1.6C0

8.000

S.OOC

3.000

1.500

1.500

1,300

1,500

1.500

1.500

1,500

1.500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.5M

1,500

1,^)0

1,^)0

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1,600

1,500

1,500

],S(W i

1.500

Total.

4—18—1900

50

REPORT OF THE
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

1900.

April 20 C. D. Motz

20 C. D. Motz,

20 C, D. Motz

20 L. D. Orndorf

20 Li. D. Orndorf ,

20 W. W. Rhoads, ....

20 I. A. Shearer

20 W. P. Bradford, ...

20 J. P. Smith,

20 Fred. Kurtz

80 R. M. Poster,

20 G. B. Snyder,

30 T. A. Snyder ,

80 L. S. Bricker

SO T. P. Riley

W Robert Hartle

May 1 Q. w. Mapledoram,

1 W. Brldglns

1 John Hunter

1 J. C. Eaton

1 J. A. Quigley i Blanchard

1 O. W. Long, ...

M R. Rartle

18 M. Fred. Hazel,

18 M. Pred. Hazel,

16 W. L,. Poster, ..

25 O. W. Stover, .

25 Cal. Riley

25 H. W. Buck, ....

, Centre county.

No. shipped

Woodward, Centre county, ...
Woodward, Centre county, ...
Woodward, Centre county, ...

Fiedler, Centre county,

Fiedler, Centre county,

Centre Hall, Centre county, ..
Centre Hall, Centre county, ..
Centre Hall, Centre county, ..,
Centre Hall, Centre county, ...
Centre Hall, Centre county, ...
State College, Centre county, .
State College, Centre county, .
State College, Centre county, .

Boalsburg, Centre county

Boalsburg, Centre county

Belief onte, Centre county, ,

Phillpsburg, Centre county, ..,
Beech Creek, Centre county, ...

Blanchard, Centre county,

Blanchard, Centre county

Blanchard, Centre county,

Bellefonte, Centre county,

Bellefonte, Centre county

Bellefonte, Centre county

State College, Centre county, .....

Boalsburg, Centre county

Boalsburg, Centre county

MlUhelm, Centre county,

Mlllhelm, Centre county,

25 P. p. Geary

25 H. K. Cbnde Mlllhelm, Centre county,

25 P. E. Qutellus, { Mlllhelm, Centre county.

K G. Secrlst Mlllhelm, Centre county,

25 P. H. Musser Mlllhelm. Centre county,

» C. S. Shearer '. Mlllhelm. Centre county,

» J. F. Ralne Mlllhelm. Centre county,

a«o. Miller Millhelm, Centre county.

1,600

1,600

1.600

1,500

1.600

1,600

]«600

1,600

1,600

1.600

1.600

1,600

1,600

1,600

1.500

1.600

1.600

1,600

1.600

r.600

1.600

1,600

1.600

1.600

1.600

1.600

1.600

1,600

1,600

1.600

1.600

1.500

1,600

1.500

1,600

1,600

1.600

Off. Doc.

Total.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

1900.

May 26

25

25

May 8

8

8

April 2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

IS

12

12

12

1

1

G. L. Springer,
L. E. Stover, ..
J. Splgelmyer,
George P. Fox,
Wm. Steele. ...

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

May

Mlllhelm. Centre county,

Mlllhelm, Centre county,

Mlllhelm, Centre county

Downingtown, Chester county, .,

Berwyn, Chester county

J. H. Nixon, I Woodland, Clearfield county

Harry Merrltt. Berwyn, Chester county.

E. L. Graham, ! Windburne, Clearfield county, ....

R. H. Sommerville Windburne, Clearfleld county

Frank Waple Windburne, Clearfleld county

E. Alblrt Woodland, Clearfleld county. ....

Frank G. Harris Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

J. K. Johnston Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

L. A, Gearhart, Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

H. P. Bridge, Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

J. W. Smith Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

H. E. Rowels Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

D. J. Gingery Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

A. Baird Osceola Mills, Clearfleld county, ..

Frank G. Harris Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

Frank G. Harris Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

Prank O. Harris Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

Prank G. Harris Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

Prank G. Harris Clearfleld. Clearfleld county

Prank G. Harris Clearfleld. Clearfleld county

Prank G. Harris Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

Frank G. Harris Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

Frank G. Harris, Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

Prank G. Harris Clearfleld, Clearfleld county

Justin Pie Osceola Mills, Clearfleld county, ..

O. E. Jones Osceola Mills, Clearfleld county, ..

A. S. Brown, . Osceola Mills, Clearfleld county, ..

Geo. H. M. Good, Osceola Mills, Clearfleld county, ..

Howard Gonder O«ceola Mills, Clearfleld county, ..

C. R. Koutz Osceola Mills, Clearfleld county, ..

W. R. Hoover nearfleld, Clearfleld county

H. A. Walker riearfleld, Clearfleld countjr

1.600

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.600

1.600 I

1.600

1.600

1.500

1,600

1,600

1.600

1,600

1,600

1,600

1.600

1.600

1.600

1.600

1,600

1.600

1.600

1,600

1,600

1.600

1.600

1.600

1.600

1,600

1.600

1.600

1,500

1,600

1,600

1,600

1.600

1,101

SI

Total.

52

REPORT OF THE
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

No. 18.

Date.

Name.

Eostofflce Address.

1900.
May 2 J. w. Norrls, ....
2 J. Currie, M. D., .
2

2 L. C. Norris,

2 S. T. Hepburne

2 D. McLaughlin

16 B. P. Sponenberg,

16 Col. A. D. Seely

16 S. T. Seyfert

16 Wm. Chrisman,

16 M. F. Conner

16 F. Herring,

16 J. B. Montgomery

16 L. C. Williams,

April 2 F. P. Martin

2 C. F. Hager

2 E. T. McNeells,

2 S. M. Lynch,

i G. H. Brown

May 1 J. p. McKenrick,

1 R. J. Kaylor,

1 Rev. M. H. Anderson

1 Dr. T. M. Richards

1 J. P. McKenrick, Esq., .

1 T. Mason Richards

1 W. R. Thompson, Editor,

1 Jeff. Evans,

1 W. P. Custer

1 P. Lloyd

1 J. A. Singer

1 B. B. Wright

1 W. C. Shiffer

1 C. Grelst

1 H. J. Huether.

i J. Dlngwald,

1 H. J, Van Dusen

Grampian, Clearfield county, ....
Grampian, Clearfield county,

W. J. McGovern j Grampian, Clearfield county

2 D. R. Hlldebrand Grampian, Clearfield county

Grampian, Clearfield county, ....

Grampian, Clearfield county

Houtzdale, Clearfield county

Berwick, Columbia county

Berwick, Columbia county

Berwick, Columbia county

Bloomsburg, Columbia county

OrangeviUe, Columbia county

OrangevlUe, Columbia county

OrangeviUe, Columbia county

OrangevlUe, Columbia county

Johnstown, Cambria county

Johnstown, Cambria county,

Johnstown, Cambria county

Johnstown, Cambria county

Johnstown, Cambria county,

Ebensburg, Cambria county

Ebensburg, Cambria county

Ebensburgr, Cambria county

Ebemsburg, Cambria'county

Ebensburg. Cambria county

Ebensburg, Cambria county

Ebensburg, Cambria county

Ebensburg, Cambria county

Ebensburg, Cambria county

Ebensburgr, Cambria county,

Ebensburg, Cambria county

Ebensburg, Cambria county,

Hastings, Cambria county

Hastings, Cambria county,

Hastings, Cambria county

Hastings, Cambria county

Hastings, Cambria county

1,600

1.500

1,600

1.600

1.600

1.600

1,600

1,500

1,500

1,500

3,000

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,600

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,600

1.600

1.500

1.500

1.600

1.500

1.500

l,S0O

1.600

1.600

1.600

1.600

1.600

1,600

1.500

1.500

1.500

l.SOO

No. shipped. Total.

!

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

53

Date.

Name.

1

Postoflice Address.

No. shipped.

Total.

1900.

May 1

T. T. Lewis

Hastings, Cambria county

Lilly. Cambria countv

1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500

1

P. McCalne

I

J. H. Moyer

Lilly, Cambria countv .

1

Campbell Robinson

Johnstown, Cambria county

2S

James Ralney

Lilly, Cambria countv

3,000

28

Geo. Lltzmyer

Lilly, Cambria county,

Lilly, Cambria countv

2S

Allen Behe

3,000
3,000
3,000

2S

J. S. Foley

Lilly, Cambria county,

April 10

Renovo Rod and Gun

Club. J. W. Smith, Pres.

Renovo. Clinton county,

3,000

10

Renovo Rod and Gun

Club, J. W. Smith, Pres.
Wm. Strunk

Renovo. Clinton county,

3,000

May 1

Beech Creek, Clinton county

Beech Creek, Clinton county

Beech Creek. Clinton county

1

E. H. Hastings,

1,500

1

John Gulmm

1,500
1,500

17

R. W. Bruce

Glen Union, Clinton county

18,000

17

Wm. Sykes

Hyner, Clinton countv

18,000

18,000

3,000

17

J. E. Robblns

Kenovo. Clinton countv

28

Jesse McGhee

Beech Creek, Clinton county,

2S

C. E. Bullock

Beech Creek. Clinton county,

3.00O

28

E. G. Leyden

Beech Creek, Clinton county

t.oio

April 17

J. P. Kinney

Meadvllle, Crawford county

1,500

17

Jno. Schuler

Meadvllle, Crawford county

1,600

17

A. L. Boush

Meadvllle, Crawford county

1,500

25

B. H. Blxby

Spartansburg. Crawford county, ..

1.600

25

D. W. Tryon

Spartansburg, Crawford county, ..

1,500

May 14

C. F. Hoffman

Meadvllle, Crawford county, ....

1,500

14

J. O. Sherrel

Cambridge Springs, Crawford Co.,

1,500

14

A. A. Kelly

Cambridge Springs, Crawford Co.,
Cambridge Springs, Crawford Co.,
Cambridge Springs, Crawford Co.,

14

E. L.. Birchard

1.600

14

J. O. Sherrel

1,500
1,500

14

M. R. Allen

Cambridge Springs, Crawford Co..
Cambridge Springs, Crawford Co..

14

C. H. Pink,

1,5W
1,500

14

F. F. Chamberlain, ".

Cambridge Springs, Crawford Co..

1.500

14

J. P. Chamberlain

Cambridge Springs, Crawford Co.,

1.500

14

E. L. Birchard

Cambridge Springs, Crawford Co.,

1.600

14

H. .Hull

Cambridge Springs, Crawford Co.,

1,600

l;4

REPORT OF THE

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

No. 18.

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

1900.

May 17 W. H. Hunter,

18 P. R. Shryack,

28 J. J. Shyrock,

28 A. L,. Boush, ..

28

No. shipped.

Tltusvllle, Crawford county,
Meadville, Crawford county,
Meadvllle, Crawford county,
Meadville, Crawford county.

J. Schuler Meadville, Crawford

county.

28 J. P. Kinney

April 19 J. B. Sea!

May 8 S, S. Bowman

April 11 S. S. Weldler

11 Wm. Kenrlck

11 C. B. Chidester

11 W. S. Riblet.

11 A. W. Tuttle

11 F. L. Hall,

11 C. K. Dickinson

11 A. W. Tuttle,

11 C. K. Dickinson

11 Daniel Weldler

11 H. P. Ross,

11 Geo. Hamberger ,

19 E. W. easier

19 G. N. Barnes

If Geo. Famham

19 John Famham,

19 Frank Ford,

19 Walter Arnold

19 W. E. Rhoads

19 M. O. Smith,

19 W. T. Davis

19 A. Blass

19 E. E. Wheeler,

25 Q. A. Pox

i

25 j M. McLaughlin

2S
U

2S
25

Frank Blair

Sam. Hill, ,

W. J. Edwards ,

H. Gretzler

Meadville, Crawford county

Millersburg, Dauphin county, ...

Williamstown, Dauphin county, .

Fairview, Erie county,

Swanvllle, Erie county

Erie, Erie county

Erie, Erie county

Erie, Erie county

Erie, Erie county ,

Erie, Erie county,

Erie, Erie county,

i:rie, Erie county

Erie. Erie county

Erie, Erie county

Erie, Erie county

Corry, Erie county,

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county,

Corry, Erie county,

Corry. Erie county

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county,

LeBoeuf, Erie county

LeBoeuf, Erie county,

LeBoeuf, Erie county

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county t

Corry. Erie county,

Corry, Erie county

Corry. Erie county

4,500

7.600

3,000

8.000

S.OOO

8.000

1.500

1.500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1.500

1.500

1.500

1.600

1,600

l.SOO

3,000

1.600

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.600

1.500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

l.SOO

1.600

1.500

1,500

l.SOO

Total.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

65

Date.

Name.

May

1900.
April 25
25
25
25
28
28
28
28
28

28
28
5
5
S
5
6
7
7
11
11
U
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
15
IS
15
18
18
18
23
23

0. AUis.

1. O. Nantes

Mike Howe

Gus Peterson

F. J. Brown

D. Heath

Frank Laurie

G. N. Reynolds,

Wm. Liaurie,

J. Young ,

E. Kinley ,

J. Henderson ,

Frank Laurie, Jr ,

J. Frantz

J. Speism^

C. Burgest

C. Franz

Fred. Rose,

Fred. Rose

Postofflce Address.

Corry, Erie county,

Corry, Erie county,

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county,

Corry, Erie county.

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county,

Corry, Erie county,

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county,

Corry, Erie county

Corry, Erie county

West Green. Erie county,
\Vest Green. Erie county.

R. H. Wolford Corry. Erie county.

J. J. Desmond.

P. B. Weisser,

W. W. Morgandge,

C. Sumner Bentley

Geo. W. Marks

H. L. Blydenburgh

E. E. Olds

M. V. Molter

John W. Marks

Geo. Titus

S. E. Klncald

F. Messenger

L. E. Gulgnon,

J. A. Mead

Will Dawson,

Jno. Miller

Corry. Erie county.
Corry. Erie county,
Corry, Erie county,
Corry, Erie county,
Corry, Erie county,
Corry, Erie county.
Corry, Erie county,
Corry, Erie county,
Corry, Erie county,
Corry, Erie county,
Corry, Erie county,
Corry, Erie county,
Corry, Erie county,
Corry, Erie county,
Corry, Erie county,
Corry. Erie county,

No. shipped.

Gus Petter?on, Corry. Erie county

1.500
1.500

1,500

1.500

1.500

1,600

1.500

1,500

1,500

1.600

1.600

1,500

1,SOO

1.600

1.500

1,S00

1.500

1,500

1,600

1.500

1.500

1.500

1.500

1.100

1.500

1,500

1.500

l.SOO

1.500

1.S00

1.S00

1.500

1.S00

1.500

1.500

l.SOO

Total.

66

REPORT OF THE
BROOK TROUT FRY-Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

: Corry, Erie county,

.• Corry, Erie county,

Corry, Erie county,

April 4 L. Dougherty Rathboun. Elk cuu

4 L. Dougherty,

♦ I* Dougherty

4 L. Dougherty

4 L.. Dougherty

4 L. Dougherty

4 M. Oconnor

4 R. A. Park

4 M. Oconnor

4 J. S. Welsh,

4 J. S. Welsh

4 R. A. Park, Jr.,

i Geo. H. Hyde,
4 C. E. Lockhart,
4 W. J. Park, ..
4 W. S. Hussey,
4 W. E. Hussey,
4 I E. B. McLaln,

••■•••••

!•«•••««.«,

nty,

Rathboun, Elk county,
liathboun, p:ik county,
Rathboun, Elk county,
Rathboun, Elk county,
Rathboun, Elk county.
Ridsway, K!k county,
RIdgway, Elk county,
Ridgway, Elk county,
Ridgway, Elk county.
Ridgway, Elk county,
Ridgway, Elk county,
Ridgway, Elk county,
Ridgway, Elk county.
Ridgway, Elk county,
Ridgway, Elk county,
Ridgway, Elk county,
Ridgway, Elk county,

No. shipped. Total.

1900.

May 23 iS/i. J Howo < r- ^ .

u. xiowe, Corry, Erie county,

23 G. A. Pox I Corry, Erie county

23 W. J. Edwaro*, ' Corry, Erie county

23 F. P. Blair Corry. Erie county, ..,.

26 H. H. Benson Waterford, Erie county

26 D. J. Shen Waterford. Erie county

26 C. H. Nunn, Jr , Erie, Erie county

26 P. A. Benson j Erie. Erie county

26 F. T. Nagoskl (Erie. Erie county

26 John B. Brooks Erie, Erie county "

» L. E. Gulgnon corry, Erie county

29 Walter Clough Corry, Erie county .'.'

29 Will Dawson Corry. Erie county

'' '■ ^- "^'^^ Corry, Erie county '''".*

31 T. Fox ^, „

Corry, Erie county

81 Harry Ward,
81 W. Arnold, .
81 W. Arnold. .

C. R. Slade j Ridgwav. Elk rounty

l.GOO

1.500

1.500

1,500

3,000

8,000

6.000

3,000

2.000

8.000

1.500

1.600

1.500

l.GCO

1.500

1.500

LMO

l.SOO

1,500

1.600

1,500

l.SOO

1,500

1,500

1.600

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,600

1.500

1,600

1.500

1.500

1,600

1.600

1.500

t,600 ;

66

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

BROOK TROUT FRY-Continued.

Date.

Name.

1900.

May -3 Al. j. Huwe

23 G. A. Fox

if3 \V. J. Edwaras, ..

23 F, P. iBlair

-C H. H. Bt-nsMn

26 D. J. Hh.-n

26 C. H. Nunn. .Jr..

-6 P. A. Benson

26 F. T. Xn^nski

2C Jnhn i;. i:r, I. ikn,

29 L. i:. fJui-riiin

29 Walter <_'li»ui;li

23 Will Daw.«^on

29 J. A. M.ad

31 T. Fox

31 Harry Ward

31 W. Arn.,M

31 \V. Arn lid

Aiiril 4 L. T>.,uuh.rty

4 L. I».pUKheity

* I^. Dougherty

4 1- r>..UL:li..rty, .

4 L. 1» uuli.rty,

4 L. I>.iucherty

4 M. fddnnnr

4 R. A. Park

4 M. neonridr

4 J. S. Welsh

4 J. P. Welsh.

4 R. A. Park. Jr.

4 Geo. H. Hyde ,

4 C. E. Lockhart

4 W. J. Park

4 W, s- Hus.^ey

4 W. E. Hu«.«py

4 E P. M.I.nIn

4 C. R. siade

Pustullice Address.

<'"iry, Krie eounty

' ^Tiy, Kri' enuniy,

<.'..ir\, IJrii- (Muiity

•■'"■ly, J;ri.- cunty, ..,

U,n. i,.,rd, i:rie cuunty.

^\iiUri<rd, LIrie ci-unty

llrif, Erii' cuunty

— . Krie, JCriu county

.... Kri.-, i:ii. ( ,,ijiity

laie, i;ri,. ...unty

.... •'■■iry, i:ri. e.iunty,

.... ''nry. Kn,. cuunty

•••• *'"iry, Kri • County,

... * ■■riy, i:rii- r.,unty

■•• ' ■' n\ . i:ri.. County

■"iry, i:i 1,^ C'Uiity

''orr.w Kri.-.,,unty

i;athli.un. i;ik ...unty

l;atM,.a,ii, Kik --..iinty

K,,tlil, un. i:ik o.unty

loiihl..,ui!, i;ik .'..unty

l;ailiJ...U!i. !:ik oajnty.

n.nlil,. un, i:ik<-,unty

Ki.luuay. !■;< .^ ..jnty

i:id^\\;,y. i::k ■unty

!:i.lyu,iy. \:\u , ,unty

l;id-\\;iy. i:'k .•,,unty

Kid^UiiV, i.:ik ,-, unty

liiduw.iv-. I'ik .,,unty

IUi|;;u,(>. i;j^; ,.,,,,nty

niduway. i::k cnunty.

■ i:idu\vay. Kik .-ounty

J:!il^\v,i\-, T-^'k county

Iudu\\ay. Elk c.mnty

lildcway. VJh cnunty

'Mdi^wav. Kik onunty

No. fchii.ped. Total.

1,500
1,500
1,500

l,5u0

u.ouo

3,000
6,UOO
3,000
2,000
3,00'j

1,500

1,500

1.500

IJOO

1.500

1.51^0

1,500

1.500

1.500

1,500

l.BOO

1.500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1.5O0

1,500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

J, 500

l..=500

t,oOO

X

TTC

'A

X

INTENTION AL SECOND EXPOSURE

m

1-

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

X

I

Ss

»

1

' *■

A

1

i

i

-^^

i

J.

/NTENTrGNAL SECOND EXPOSURE

t/D

a

Tt.

y.

X

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

m
I

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

57

1900.

April 4 H. R. Hyde

1

4 W. Fannin

i

4 ' F. E. Redding

4 B. G. Klme

April 6 P. F. McMurray

12 J. Missel,

19 C. Holenberg

19 S. Strelch

19 J. B. Wicks

19 E. Horton

25 P. F. McMurray

25 P. F. McMurray

25 P. F. McMurray

25 P. F. McMurray

May 14 Joseph Metz

14 Joseph Metz

14 John Krelg

14 John Kreig

14 J. Thompson. M. D

14 H. P. Thompson, M. D,, .

14 Frank Kreig

14 Frank Kreig

14 J. Mohney

14 J. Mohney,

14 G. L. Welsh

14 M. S. Barr

April 5 S.F.Jones,

6 T. O. Brown

5 J. E. Sims

S I W. M. Porter

5' C. R. Nelson

5 W. C. Hood,

5 W. H. Colborn

5 C. C. Mitchell

I

B L, Li. West

5 W. R. Scott

g G. W. Brickman

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

Ridgway, Elk county

Ridgway, Elk county

Ridgway, Elk county

Ridgway, Elk county

Johnsonburg, Elk county

St. Marys, Elk county,

Arroyo, Elk county

Arroyo, Elk county

Arroyo, Elk county

Arroyo, Elk county

Johnsonburg, Elk county,

Johnsonburg, Elk county

Johnsonburg, Elk county

Johnsonburg, Elk county ,

Hallton, Elk county

Hallton, Elk county

Portland Mills, Elk county

Portland Mills, Elk county

Portland Mills, Elk county

Portland Mills, Elk county

Croyland, Elk county ,

Croyland, Elk county

Ridgway, Elk county ,

Ridgway, Elk county

E>ents Run, Elk county ,

Dents Run, Elk county

Bellevernon, Fayette county

Bellevernon, Fayette county

Connellsvllle, Fayette county, ...
Connellsville, Fayette county, ...
Connellsvllle, Fayette county, ...
Connellsville, Fayette county, ...
Connellsville, Fayette county, ...
Connellsvllle, Fayette county, ...
Connellsvllle. Fayette county, ...
Connellsville, Fayotte county, ...
Connellsville. Fayette county, ...

1,500
1.500
1.500
1,500
1,500
1.500
1.60O
1.500
1.500
1.500
1,5C0
1,500

i,.-oo

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1.500

1.500

1.S00

1.500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,^)0

1,5(H>

1.500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1.600 ♦

1,500

1.500

Total.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

57

Date.

Name.

1900.
April 4
4
4
4
A) ail 6
12
19
19
ly
19
25
25
2.3
25
May 14
U
11
11
14
14
14
14
11
14
14
14
Ai.ril 5
5
3
3
5

H. R. Hyde

W. Fannin

F. E. Redding

B. G. Kime

P. F. McMurray

J. Missel

C. Holenberg

P. Strelth,

J. B. Wioks,

i:. Horton

P. F. McMurray

P. F. McMurray

P. F. M.Murray

P. F. M, Murray

Jiist'ph Mttz

Joseph Metz

John Kreig

.Ti>hn Kreig

J. Thoniiis.n. M. D

Postofflce Address.

Ridgway, Elli county

itidtjway, Elk county

Itidsway, I-:ik county

IlidRway, IClk county

Johnsonburg', Elk county, ..

.St. Marys, Elk county.

Arroyo, Elk county

Arriyo, Elk county

Arroyo, Elk county

Arroyo, Elk county ,

.lohnsonburg. Elk county. ..
Johnsonburg, Elk county, ...
Johnsonbui'ff. i;ik county. ...
JiilinsiinburK. Elk cnumy. ...

Hallton, Elk county ,

Halltiin, Elk cninty

Portland Mills, i:ik county.
Portland Mills, Elk CMunty.

Portland Mills. Elk c-unty, ,
H. P. Thompson, M. D., . I'ortland Mills. i:ik cunty. .

Frank Kreig : Cmyland, Elk c..untv

Frank Kreig croyland. Elk ci.unty

J. Mohn> y Kiduway, Elk county

J. Molini-y ' Uidtrw aj'. Elk county,

G. L. Welsh I Pcnts Run, Elk c-iunty

i

M. S. Barr MeiUsRur,, Elk county

S. F. Jont's • P..^ll>'Vf rnnn. F.iy.'tte county,

T. G. Brown I'.t'lhncrniin. I'nyottf county.

J. E. Sims ' (•Mnnflls\ ill.-. Fny.nte county,

W. M. I^.rter •- '.inn.llsx llle. Fayette county.

C. R. Ntlsi.n, " "Mnnfllsx i!!i<, l-'avcttc c.miity,

W. C. Hoiid i i.nnellsvillp, Fayette county,

W. H. Colhorn. r,innclls\ ill.\ Fayette county,

C. t". Mitchell I 'iinnells\ ille, Fayette cotmty,

Li. Ij. West ("onti.'llsville, Fayette cnunty,

V\' R. Scott " 'iininll,«ville, F.ayette county,

<;. W. Brickman, <'onncllst illc, Fayette cainty.

No. sliipped. Total.

1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1.500
l,5uO
1,500
1,500
1,500
l,.j(0
1,-'00
1 , " '0

1 , "HO

l.i'lNi
1,"IH»

1..V0

i,noo
1 , :<>'0
i.niN)
1,500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.50<D
1.5<X)
l.nno

l,.'.»o
l.noo

l,.",firt
1. 500

i.noo
1..'00
1..'00

1 . ."00

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

68

REPORT OF THE
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

Posiofflce AddresB.

1900.

April 6 J, Hager,

6 T. J. Mayer

6 G. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n,
6 G. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n,
6 G. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n,
6 G. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n,

Unlontown, Fayette county, ..
Unlontown, Fayette county, ♦.,

Unlontown, Fayette county,
Unlontown, Fayette county,
Unlontown, Fayette county,
Unlontown, Fayette county.

6 G. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n, | Unlontown, Fayette county,
8 G. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n,

• G. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n,

• G. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n,

• Q. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n, [ Unlontown, Fayette county.

• G. C. Marshall, Sec'y |

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n, Unlontown. Fayette county

6 G. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't AsB'n. (Unlontown, Fayette county

6 Q. C. Marshall, Sec'y

.Unlontown, Fayette county,
Unlontown, Fayette county,
Unlontown, Fayette county.

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n,

• Q. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n,

8 G. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n,

• Q. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'a.

• G. C. Marshall, Sec'y

Unlontown Sp't Ass'n,

27 M. P. Sultry

87 M. Ross

27 ' J. Goodwill

Unlontown, Fayette county,

Unlontown, Fayette county,

Unlontown, Fayette county,

Unlontown, Payette county,

Unlontown, Fayette county,
W. Hickory. Forest county,
W. Hickory, Forest county,
W. Hickory, Forest county.

1.500
1,500

1,500

1,800

1,6(K>

1,500

1.S0O

1,500

1,500

1.N0

1,500

l.^W

1,5(N)

1,500

1.500

1,600

1,500

1,500
1,500
1.500
1,B00

Off. Doc.

No. shipped. Total.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

59

1
Date. Name.

i

Postoffice Address.

•

No. shipped. Total.

1900.
April 27 C. James

.! \V. Hickory, Forest county

. vV, Hickory, Forest county

. \V. Hickory, Forest county,

. \V. Hickory, Forest county,

. W. Hickory, Forest county

. \V. Hickory, Forest county

W. Hickory, Forest county,

■ W. Hickory, Forest county,

! Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,

' Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,

i Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,

Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,

Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,

Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,

! Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,
Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,
Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,
Huntingdon, Huntingilon county,
Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,
Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,
Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,
Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,
Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,
Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,
Mapleton, Huntingdon county, ...
Mapleton, Huntingdon county, ...
Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,
Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,

Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,

Huntingdon, Huntingdon county,

Oakland Mills. Juniata county. ...

Oakland Mills. Juniata county. ...

McAllistervIIle, Juniata county, .

McAlllstervllle, Juniata county, .

McAlllstervllle, Juniata county, .

McAlllstervllle, Juniata county, .

McAlllstervllle, Juniata county. .

1

27 R. Walters

1,500

27 J. McGafflgan,

27 C. Bryan

1.500
1,500

17 J. Slggins,

1,500

27 O. Goodwill

1,500

27 W. Perry,

1,500

27 J. Nourse

1.500

12 O. Gibson

1.500

12 C. E. Boyer

1,500

25 J. R. Maclay

1,500

25 T. W. Montgomery

25 J. M. Gipple,

1,500
1,500

25 J. M. Gipple

1,600

25 F. M. Ballinger

m R. L. Warsing

1.600
1,600

26 H. W. G. Corbln

26 Hon. J. S. Bare,

1,600
1,500

23 S. A. Steel

1,600

25 T, W. Montgomery

25 T. W. Myton

1,600
1,600

25 F. W. Stewart

1,^)0

25 L. H. Beers

1,500

25 W. W. Chlsolm

1,500

lay 2 t. N. Swope

1,5W)

2 J. G. Glllam

1.600

t J. A. Greenleaf,

2 E. W. Stewart

1,500
1,600

S J. L. Isenberg

1,500

8 W. R. Wilson

1,500

2 N. Shilllngsford

1,500

2 J. KerglU '.

1,500

t E. E. Smith

1,500

2 , A. I. Fisher

1,500

2 E. Snyder

1,500

8 A. Ammerman

8 A. Bearhon, ]

1..500
1.600

1,500

60

REPORT OF THE
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

1900.
May 8 J. Sader.

8 N. Mitchell,

8 I J. W. Brenlsholtz, ....
I

8 S. Li. Tood

April 23 C. R. Manville, Spt., ..

May 16 Geo. Stoddart,

16 A. C. Salisbury, Spt.,
April 9 W. Elliott, Jr.,

9 C. H. Geary

9 John Geary

9 Geo. Sorlin

t H. Weimer,

9 I. Pierce

9 W. J. Obian

9 S. Ralph Mussina

» S. B. Cladwell

9 W. R. Watson

9 S. J. Clark

9 W. D. Pierce

» C. C. Keaner,

9 W. U. Slade,

9 R. H. Maffet

9 S. U. Best

9 S. C. McEwen

9 D. S. Mahaffey

9 Q. M. Shaffer,

t E. M. Baldwin

9 Q. w. Vandevere

9 A. E. Harris

9 W. Breasett

10 J. Buser

M I J. A. S. Ball

10 ! N. B. Bubb

Postofflce Address.

10

H. A. Slate.

10

A. D.

Hermance,

10

J. M.

Young, ...

10

S. F.

Poraeman,

Oakland Mills, Juninata county,

Patterson, Juniata county

Patterson, Juniata county

Patterson, Juniata county

Carbondale, Lackawanna county,
Scranton, Lackawanna county,
Scranton, Lackawanna county,
Grays Run, Lycoming county, ....

Grays Run, Lycoming county

Grays Run; Lycoming county

WiUiamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county,
WiUiamsport, Lycoming county,
WiUiamsport, Lycoming county,
WiUiamsport, Lycoming county,
WiUiamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county,
WiUiamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county, .!
WiUiamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county, .
Willlamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport. Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county,
Huntersvllle, Lycoming county,
Hughesvllle, Lycoming county, ..
Willlamsport, Lycoming county, .
Willlamsport, Lycoming county.
Willlamsport, Lycoming county,
Willlamsport, Lycoming county, .
Willlamsport, Lycoming county, .

No. shipped.

1,500
1.500
1.500
1.500
15.000
9.000
9,000
1,500
1.500
1,500
1.500
1,500
1,500
1.500
1,500
1.500
1,500
1.600
1,500
1,500
S500
1,500
1.500
1.500
1.500 •
1,500

1,600

1.600

1.500

1.500

1,600

l.SOO

1,600

1,500

1,600

1.1500

1.500

Off. Doc.

Total.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

1900.
April 10
10
10
10
10
10
10

J. W. Kilborn

D. B. Albison

J. W. Kilborn

W. H. Van Wert

C. E. Farrington,

H. C. Green

P. T. Kilborn

10 i H. Holley,

10 i H. C. Green

10 J. D. Allison

10 J. W. Kilborn

10 J. A. Jones,

10 J. J. Holloran

10 J. W. Kilborn

10 A. L. Holloran

April 19 J. M. Chesnut

19 G. S. Graham

19 D. E. Hostrander

30 C. E. Belcher, M. D

30 J. Q. Bamfleld

30 A. Gibson

30 C, W. Harter

30 J. R. Rankin,

May 30 J. R. Jaggard

April 9 E. H. George

9 Hon. Geo. W. Grover, ..

9 j W. H. Hedden

» J. H. Oplinger

9 C. Schwartz

9 I E. A. Rhoads

9 D. L, Morgan

9 I W. A. Puckey

9 i James Bird.

9
9
9
9

A. A. Enke, .
H. R. George,

L Doak ,

Chas. Hesser,

Ralston, Lycoming county

Ralston, Lycoming county.

Ralston, Lycoming county,

Ralston, Lycoming county

Ralston, Lycoming county

Ralston, Lycoming county,

Ralston, Lycoming county

Ralston, Lycoming county,

Ralston, Lycoming county,

Ralston, Lycoming county,

Ralston, Lycoming county

RaLston, Lycoming county,

Ralston, Lycoming county,

Ralston, Lycoming county.

Ralston, Lycoming county

Cammal, Lycoming county

Cammal, Lycoming county

Cammal, Lycoming county

Linden, Lycoming county,

Nisbit, Lycoming county,

Nisbit, Lycoming county,

Muncy. Lycoming county

Muncy. Lycoming county

Willlamsport, Lycoming county, . .

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county,

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county, !

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county,

1.500

1,600

1.500

1.500

1,500

1.600

1,600

1.600

1.500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1,600

1.500

1.500

1.600

1,500

1,600

1.500

1,500

1,500

1.600

1,500

6,000

1,500

1.600

1,500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1,600

1.600

1,500

1,500

1,600

1.600

61

No. shipped. Total.

62

REPORT OF THE
BROOK TROUT FRY-Continued.

Off. Doc.

No. 18.

190O.

April » P. F. Murry, ,.

9 S. Savagre

9 Dr. P. A. Meek

Nauticoke, Luzerne county,

Nantlcoke, Luzerne county,

Nanticoke, Luzerne county,

8 Wm. Brittenbender 'Nanticoke, Luzerne county.

9 C. S. Fargo.

Nanticoke, Luzerne county.

9 J. P. Shelly ! Nanticoke, Luzerne county.

9 E. Brlttenbinder Nanticoke, Luzerne county.

9 O. K. Bennitt Nanticoke, Luzerne county.

• G. H. Jayne, ..
9 J. H. Tonkin.
9 W. A. Letcher.

Nanticoke, Luzerne county,
Nanticoke, Luzerne county,
Nanticoke, Luzerne county,

SO H. Z. Hoot,

30 E. A. Hood,

30 B. Shimp, ,.

30 D. Henry, ..

Lewlstown, Mifflin county,
Lewlstown, Mifflin county,
Lewlstown, Mifflin county,
Reedsville, Mifflin county,
30 C. Clemens j Reedsville. Mifflin county.

May 29 H. Z. Hoot i

«ooi Lewistown, Mifflin county.

29 H. T. Shimp Lewistown. Mifflin county.

S9 B. Shimp Lewistown, Mifflin county,

^ C. F. Shaffer

29 E. A. Hoot

29 J. A. McDowall,

16

April 3

3

3

S

s

3

Lewlstown, Mifflin county,
Lewistown, Mifflin county,
Reedsville, Mifflin county,

16 C. Halght Minsi. Monroe county

16 L. L. Williams Minsl. Monroe county

16 Capt. Peter Charles Minsi. Monroe county

a. C. Strunk Shawnee, Monroe county, .

J. Kramer Bradford, McKean county,

E. H. Southerlck Bradford. McKean county,

Q. D. Russel Bradford, McKean county,

J. L. Kramer Bradford, McKean county. .

W. E. Barnes Bradford, McKean county, .

P. G. Davis Bradford, McKean county, .

3 E. Caldwell Bradford, McKean county. .

3 I W. D. Hart Bradford, McKean county, .

No. shipped. I Total.

May 16 A. A. Church Pike's Creek, Luzerne county

April 30 Dr. J. P. Getter j Belleville. Mifflin county

30 H. T. Shimp j Lewistown, Mifflin county

1.600

1.500

1.600

1.600

1.600

1.500

1.500

1.500

1.500

1,500

1,600

1,500

1.500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1.500

8,000

3,000

z,(m

8,000

3,000
16. MO

1,500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1.600

1.600
1.500
1.600
1.600
1.600
1.600
1.600

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

63

Date.

Name.

1900.
April 3
8
3
8
3
3
8
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
19
19
19
May 14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14

i

14
14
14

H. B. Robinson

J. McCleary

W. U. Hall

J. M. Stevenson,

W. A. Dixon

M. A. Freeman,

W. G. Connelly

H. C. Chattle

B. C. Ryan,

E. L. Ryan

W. L. McWilliams, D. D. S.

J. E. MuUin

J. H. Gillls

J. D. Brooder

R. Kennard

P. W. Middaugh

B. P. Hamilton

A. P. Cobb

P. Conneely

P. C. Wlghtman

H. Kerstetter

J. L. Boyer,

J. P. Keating,

C. McKendrlck

T. MandevlUe

J. P. Ryan

J. J. OConnell

Jno. Ryan,

J. Mahoney , ,

J. Mahoney ,

Postofflce Address.

Bradford, McKean county, ,
Bradford, McKean county, .
Bradford, McKean county, ,
Bradford, McKean county, .
Bradford, McKean county, .
Bradford, McKean county, .
Bradford, McKean county, .
Bradford, McKean county, .

Kane, McKean county

Ivane, McKean county

Kane, McKean county

Kane, McKean county

Kane, McKean county

Kane, McKean county

Bradford, McKean county, .
Bradford, McKean. county, .
Bradford, McKean county, .
Bradford. McKean county, .
Bradford, McKean county, .
Bradford, McKean county, .
Bradford, McKean county, .
Clearmont, McKean county,
Clearmont, McKean county,
Ciearmont, McKean county,
Mt. Alton, McKean county,
Mt. Alton, McKean county,
Mt. Alton, McKean county,
Mt. Alton, McKean county,
Mt. Alton. McKean county.

&It. Alton, McKean county.

T. MandevlUe | Mt. Alton. McKean county,

Q. D. Russell Bradford, McKean county, ..

L. Plskln I Custer City. McKean county,

S. G. Wheeler ' Custer City. McKean county.

C. B. Cloud, .
S. D. Tibblts,

Custer City, McKean county,
Custer City, McKean county.

C. S. Dieter Custer City, McKean

county.

1.600

1.500

1,500

1,5G0

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,600

1.500

1.50O

1.500

1.SW

1,5(K>

1,5W

1.5(M>

1,500

1.500

1,500

1.600

l.NO

1,500

1,500

1.500

1.500

1,500

1,5<M)

1,^)0

1.500

1,600

1.600

1,600

I No. shipped. Total

64

REPORT OF THE
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

1900. I

May 15 E. L. Shippey

15 C. A. Williams

15 C. A. Williams

15 E. L. Shippey

15 G. B. Mayo,

15 R. G. Gleason

15 P. J). Gallup,

15 J. W. Bonton,

15 F. D. Gallup

15 W. D. Gallup

April 20 C. A. Sturgls,

20 E. Taggart

30 G. P. Armstrong,

30 J. H. Reiser

30 J. R. Cooner

May 28 Addison B. Burk

28 Addison B. Burk

8 G. W. Koshenderfer,

8 C. M. Bower

8 W. T. Morrow

8 W. M. Bower

April 17 Shhigie House Rod and

Gun Club

17 Shingle House Rod and

Gun Club

17 Shingle House Rod and

Gun Club

17 Shingle House Rod and

Gun Club

17 Shingle House Rod and

I Gun Club

Shingle House Rod and

Gun Club

Shingle House Rod and

Gun Club

A. Pish

Postofflce Address.

17

17

17

Rixford, McKean county

Rixford, McKean county

Rixford, McKean county,

Rixford, McKean county

Smethport, McKean county

Smethport, McKean county

Smethport, McKean county,

Smethport, McKean county

Smethport, McKean county i

Smethport, McKean county i

Watsontown, Northumberland Co.,
Watsontown, Northumberland Co.,
McEwensville, Northumberland Co.|
McEwensville, Northumberland Co.!
Watsontown, Northumberland Co.,
Philadelphia, Philadelphia county,
Philadelphia, Philadelphia county.

Ickesburg, Perry county

Blain, Perry county

Blain, Perry county

Blain, Perry county

Shingle House, Potter county

Shingle House, Potter county, ....

Shingle House, Potter county

Shingle House, Potter county

Shingle House, Potter county

Shingle House, Potter county

Shingle House, Potter county.

Cross Forks, Potter county

" W. L. Haymen cross Forks. Potter county

No. shipped.

1,500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1,600

1.600

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1.600

1.500

3.000

8,000

1.500

l.SOO

1,500

1.500

1.S00

1.500

1,500
1,600
l.SOO

1,500

1,600
LMO
1,600

Total.

b"4

REPORT OF THE
BROOK TROUT FRY-Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

Pustofllce Address.

1900. I

May 15 K. L. ^;hi),,uy ^ liixturd. McKean county

in C. A. Williams ! liixturd. McKean county

15 C. A. Williams Rixfurd. MeK.-an cunty

15 E. L. Shippey Hixlurd. McKean county

15 n, B. Mayo, Sm..th,>ort, McKean cnunty

15 H. G. Gleas,,n SmKhj^.n. McKean county

15 F D. Gallup Snu-ihport, McKean county

15 J. W. Bonton. Smethport. McKean county

^' ^ "■ '•^'""'' I^nu.thport. McKean county

'' ^^' " ''''""'» s,„..ihport, McKean county

Aitil 20 C. A. Sturi;i« n- .

siur^is. I UatsnntMun, X..rthuml.erl:ind <^^.

'■'^'''^''"'^ '^^■'tts.,ntoun, Northumberland Cm.,

So G. P. Ai'mstmng

20 J. H. Heisei

3" J. K. Cooner

May :x Addis,,n B. Burk

2S Addison B, Burk ..

S <; \V K. shendeMVr, ...

S V. M. B..wer

8 W. T. Morr.w

'^ W M r..,uer

-•^Mil 17 ShmKi,. House R^.d and

Gun Club t;

IT Hhinele Hou.*e H,,d and
<">UI1 (')ub

McEwensville, Northumberland O).
McEuens\ ille, Northumberland Co.
Wals.,nt..un, Northumberland Co.,
Phila.leiidila. I'hlJadelphia cunty,
I'iiiladelphia. I'hiladelidiia cunty,

Ickesburg, Perry CMunty

Plain. P.rry county

Plain, Perry county

Plain. Perry county

hingle House, Potter county

Phingle Hnuse. Potter county,

I

17 PbiiiR!,. H.nise n,.d and

<»li!l ( 'lub t'l • ,

ShniKle Tl.ms., T',,tter . ,,u„ty

IT Phinple }\,,u^.. n,„i and

C.un Club

Shingle House. P,.tter cunty

Shingle Hou?.-. P.,tter county

J^hingle House, Potter county.

IT .<^hinirle House Rod and

f'uri chib

n Phinpl,. H..use Rud and

Gun Club

IT PhlnKl,. House Ro-l and |

'lun ( -lull. ci • , TT

ShinKle House, Puter cmnty

17 A. Fish r ,

' < nss F,,rks, Potter county,

1" \V. T, Hivm,.n

• " Cross Forks, Potter county

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1..-.00

1.500

1.500

1, 5lMI

1,500

l.oiO

1,500

3,0<(0

3,000

1.500

1,.5<»

1,500

1,500

1,500

urn

1.500

l.COO

1.500

1.500

1.500
1.500
1.500

No. shipped. Total.

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

Nc. 18.

. FISH COMMISSIONERS.
BROOK TROUT FRY-Continued.

Date,

Name.

1900. '
April 17 H. Duncan,

Postofflce Address.

Cross Forks, Potter county
17 H. Bodler, ... I n r,

^'•oss Forks, Potter county,

17 E. C. Armstrong

17 H. Hamon

17 E. Ladd,

17 J. Manning,

7 C. Talaman,

17 F. M. Peck

17 F. W. Ely

17 M. Calkins

May 23 T. H. Flynn

23 E. L. Flynn,

23 A. H. Hafton

23 C. H. Hafton

^ C. C. Flynn,

23 Joes Gernert

23 John Schall

23 W. E. Valenta, ...

23 P. Schall

23 J. Breming

23 H. Theis.

23 L. Rauly

23 H. Schwarzenboch,

Cross Forks, Potter county,
Cross Forks, Potter county,
Cross Forks, Potter county.
Cross Forks, Potter county.
Cross Forks, Potter county,
Cross Forks, Potter county,
Cross Forks, Potter county,
Cross Forks. Potter county.

West Pike, Potter county

West Pike, Potter county

West Pike, Potter county,

West Pike, Potter county

West Pike, Potter county

Carter Camp. Potter county,
Carter Camp, Potter county,
Carter Camp, Potter county,

Carter Camp, Potter county

Samaria. Potter county

Samaria, Potter county

Samaria , Potter county

Samaria , Potter county

April .10 J. H. Stetler

30 M. J. Slelnlnger,

30 G. W. Shindle

^ P. Ritter

May 29 J. F. Stetler

29 P. Ritter

29 M. J. Stelninger

29 G. M. Shindle

April 2 Grler Hile

2 J. M. Miller

2 E. C. Murphy

2 F. T. Dick

* S. Martin

5—18—1900

23 M. J. Handwick SamaHn i> ♦♦„

' ^timaria. Putter county

Middleburgh. Snyder county.

MidcUeburgh. Snyder county,
Middleburgh, Snyder county,
Middleburgh, Snyder county,
Middleburgh, Snyder county,
Middleburgh, Snyder county,
Middleburgh. Snyder county,
Middleburgh, Snyder county,

Windber, Somerset county,

Wlndber, Somerset county

Windber, Somerset county

Wlndber, Somerset county

Windber. Somerset county

No. shipped.

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,600

1,500

1,5G0

1,600

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,600

1,500

1.500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1,.5<W

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1.500

3,000

3, mo

3,000
3.000
1,500
1.500 !

I.MOJ
1,500
1,500 i

65

Total.

66

REPORT OF IHE

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

1900.
April 2
2
2
2
2
2
5
6
5
May 28
28
28
28
28
April 10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
G.
10
10
10
10
23
23
23
19
19
19
19

C. J. Duncan

G. G. Johnston,

W. G. Butts

W, A. Crist

H. E. Holtzworth

J. S. Cunningham

B. J. Bowman

B. J. Bowman,

Markleton Hotel Co

E. V. Babtock

W. Mackey

W. R. Shertzer,

C. L. Babcock

J. L». Baumgardner

Chas. Haas

J. A. Miller

W. L. Hoffman

G. E. Walker

L. B. Speaker,

H. Vroman

E. McBride

Reno Green ..

G, E. Darby

E. A. Little

J. W. Green

S. Speaker

T. J. Ingham

F. H. Ingham

A. A. Baker

C. Dunham

P. H. Grander. M. D

J. Carlyon

L. B. McKown

T. L. Young

F. H. Rockwell,

H. H. Button

J. B. Truman

Postofflce Address.

Windber, Somerset county,

Windber, Somerset county

Windber, Somerset county

Windber, Somerset county,

Windber, Somerset county

Windber, Somerset county,

Berlin, Somerset county

Berlin, Somerset county,

Markleton, Somerset county ,

Ashtola, Somerset county

Ashtola, Somerset county

Ashtola. Somerset county.

Ashtola, Somerset county

Felix, Somerset county,

Hiilsgrove, Sullivan county

Hillsgrove, Sullivan county

Hiilsgrove, Sullivan county

Hillsgrove, Sullivan county

Hillsgrove, Sullivan county

Hillsgrove. Sullivan county

Hillsgrove, Sullivan county

Hillsgrove, Sullivan county

Hillsgrove, Sullivan county

HlllFgrove. Sullivan county

Hillsgrove, Sullivan county

Hillsgrove. Sullivan county

LaPorte. Sullivan county

L.aPorte, Sullivan county

LaPorte, Sullivan county

LaPorte, Sullivan county

Forest City. Susquehanna county.
Pleasant Mt., Susquehanna cc, ..
Unlondale, Susquehanna county. .

Wellsboro, Tioga county

W^ellsboro, Tioga county, ',

Wellsboro, Tioga county

Wellsboro, Tioga county, j

l.SOO

1,500

1,600

1,600

1.600

1.500

1.500

1.600

3,000

3,000

3.000

3, WO

3,000

s.ooo

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

l.SOO

1,5«0

1,500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1.600

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,600

1.6W

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500 ,

1.600

1.500

No. shipped. Total.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

67

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

1900.

April 19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19

May 11
U
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
U
U
11
11

April 30
30
30
30
30
30

W. E. Champaign,
H. J. Wilcox

D. Z. Swan,

W. Bache.

E. D. Fisher

J. L.. Fisher,

J. F. Dwyer,

W. W. Borden, ....
C. E. Burgers, ....

Wellsboro. Tioga county.
Wellsboro, Tioga county,
Wellsboro, Tioga county,
Wellsboro, Tioga county,
Wellsboro, Tioga county,
Wellsboro, Tioga county.
Antrim, Tioga county. ..
Antrim, Tioga county. ..
Antrim. Tioga county, ..

R. Young Antrim, Tioga county.

W. W. Forrest.
H. C. Bailey. ...
L.. G. Horton. ..
W. A. Shields, .
C. S. Rockwell,
W. C. Babcock. .
H. Kilboum, ...

J. Saks

H. W. Babcock,
P. H. Stmtton,
T. H. Gardlng,

R. R. Dartt

F. J. Jones, ...

E. Bowen

Jno. Booth

I. P. Black

B. Vaughan, . . .

T. Emmick

E. D. Welllver, .
E. A. Kennedy,
R. A. Kerr,

C. F. Shaffer. ..

J. Harlan

J. H. McCall. ...
E. E. Hauck, ...
E. L. Davis. ...

Antrim, Tioga county. ..
Mansfield. Tioga county.
Blossburg. Tioga county.
Blossburg. Tioga county.
Blossburg. Tioga county,
Blossburg, Tioga county,
Blossburg, Tioga county.
Blossburg. Tioga county.
Blossburg, Tioga county.
Blossburg, Tioga county,
Blossburg. Tioga county,
Blossburg, Tioga county,
Blossburg, Tioga county.
Blossburg, Tioga county,
Blossburg, Tioga county.
Morris. Tioga county. ...
Morris. Tioga county. ...
Morris, Tioga county, ...
Morris. Tioga county. ...
Morris. Tioga county, ...
Morris, Tioga county. ...
Lewlsburg, Union county,
Lewlsburg, Union county,
Lewlsburg. Union county.
Lewlsburg. Union county.
Lewlsburg. Union county,

W. J. McCall, Lewlsburg, Union county.

No. shipped. Total

1.500
1.500
1.500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1,500
1.500
1.500
1,500
1.500
1,500
1,M0
1,500
1.500
1,500
1.500
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1.600
1,600
1.500
1.50O
1.600
1,500
1.600
1,500
1.500

68

REPORT OF THE
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

1900.
April 80 P. N. G Inter,

80 G. B. Kohler

to J. J. Fausnaught,

30 Wm. Foster

30 S. H. Shumaker, ..

30 W. T. Reitmyer, ..

30 W. Klose,

SO J. W. HImmelrlch,

6 O. Benedict,

6 W. Benedict

6 M. G. GosB

6 H. H. Noyes

6 C. Noyes,

6 G. R. Bugbee

• BenJ. Corwln

6 H. Oles

6 Geo. Folwell,

6 J. Brown

6 Vess Sutton,

• D. C. Henderson, ...

i H. Dunham

e H. H. Haskell

• P. M. Haskell

6 W. A. Haskell. ....

6 Q. D. Benedict, ....

6 D. M. Lock wood, ...

6 F. C. Stewart

« J. Sutton

6 N. Shaffer ,

6 L. A. Bugber ,

M«r 17 . E. B. Johnston, ....

Postofflce Address.

17

W. S. Taft, .

17

J. S. Lawson,

17

W. Stewart,

17

G. W. Black,

17

H. H. Prime,

17

U. D. Doyle.

No. shipped.

Lewlsburg, Union county,

Lewisburg, Union county ,

L,ewisburg, Union county

L.ewisburg, Union county

L«wlsburg, Union county

Lewlsburg, Union county

Lewlsburg, Union county

Lewlsburg, Union county

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Pleasantviile, Venango county, ..

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..
Pleasantvllle, Venango county, .,
Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..
Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..
Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..
Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..
Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..
Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..
Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..
Pleasantvllle, Venango county, ..

Utlca, Venango county

Utica, Venango county

Utica, Venango county

Utlca, Venango county

Utica, Venango county

Pranklln, Venango county,

Franklin, Venango county,

1,500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1.500

1.500

1,500

1.500

1,500

1.B0O

1,600

l.SOO

1,600

1,500

1,500

1,500

1.500

1.500

1,500

1,500

1,6(K>

i,sm

1.500
1,500
1.500
1,500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.500

Off. Doc.

Total.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

1900.

May 17

17

17

17

18

April 5

25

25

23

23

23

23

23

23

23

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

19

19

19

May 18

18

31

April 23

23

Name.

J. W. Steele, .'

M. D. Mitchell,

S. G. Foster, M. D

J. Hlgglns

J. Fry,

T. L. Daly

G. M. Thomas

G. M. Thomas

Daniel LaBarr,

T. J. Ham

J. Mclntyre

F. H. Page.

F. M. Howe

A. F. Hine

Hugh Kane

P. G. Allison

W. H. Glass

M. M. Freeman

W. T. Allison

G. K. M. Crawford,

B. F. Burgess, Jr.,

W. P. Nutting.

W. D. Bucklln,

R. A. Simpson

G. H. Bellows.

O. G. Marlowe.

J. C. Russell

E. E. Gunn

A. J. Brown,

W. H. Turner

T. Horner,

C Washburn

Thomas Horner,

F, W. Alllngton, Agent
Erie Railroad

S. J. Whittaker, Agent
Erie Railroad

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

Pranklln, Venango county.

Franklin, Venango county,

Franklin, Venango county

Franklin, Venango county

Rouseville, Venango county,

Gibsonton. Westmoreland county,
Derry Station, Westmoreland co.,
Derry Station, Westmoreland co.,
Winwood, Wayne county, ...
Honesdale, Wayne county, ..

Poyntell. Wayne county

Poyntell, Wayne county

Pleasant Mt., Wayne county,

Orson, Wayne county

High Lake, Wayne county, ..
Enterprise, Warren county.
Enterprise, Warren county.
Enterprise. Warren county.
Enterprise, Warren county.
Enterprise, Warren county.
Enterprise, Warren county,
Youngsville, Warren county,
N. Clarendon, Warren county, ..
N. Clarendon, Warren county. ..
N. Clarendon, Warren county, ..
N. Clarendon, Warren county, ..
N. Clarendon, Warren county, ..

Irwine, Warren county,

Tidioute. Warren county

Tidioute, Warren county,

Pittsfleld, Warren county

Spring Creek, Warren county. ..
Pittsfleld. Warren county

Lordsvllle, Delaware co., N. Y.,

Hancock, Delaware co., N. Y.,

1,500
1.500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
6,000
1,500
1,500
1.500
1,500
1.500
1.500
1.500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
3,0OU
1,500
l.SOO
1,500
l.SOO
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,600
1.500
1,500
1,500

1,500

1,500

69

Total.

70

REPORT OF THE

BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

Dale.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped. Total.

1900.

t

April 23 M. Moran, Agent, Erie i

Railroad Stockport, Delaware co., N. Y., ..

23 F. E. Bird, Agent Erie j

Railroad, Calllcoon, Sullivan co., N. T.,

2S Jos. G. Guthell Narrowsburg, Sullivan co., N. Y.,

These fish were planted in the waters of Pennsylvania.

1,500

1,500

1,500

LARGE BROWN TROUT DISTRIBUTED FROM JUNE 1. 1899, TO JUNE 1

1900.

Newville, Cumberland county

Lock Haven, Clinton county

1900.

Jan. 8 Edgar Manning

1 Wilson Lister

1899.

Oct. 13 Jackson Koehler ,

24 C. K. Dickinson

Dec. 14 Dr. C. B. Chidester

1900.

Feb. 14 W. Stone Corry, Erie county.

Mar. 20 B. Himrod Waterford. Erie

Erie, Erie county,
Erie, Erie county,
Erie, Erie county.

county.

Jan. 4 ' U. B. Bubb,

Wllliamsport, Lycoming county, .

150
60

fiO
SO
SO

so

100

LARGE CALIFORNIA TROUT DISTRIBUTED FROM JUNE 1, 1899, TO JUNE

1, 1900.

1900.

Jan. 8 Edgar Manning

18 Edgar Manning

1 W. LIstler,

3 Andrew Kaul

Newville, Cumberland county

Newville, Cumberland county

Lock Haven, Clinton county

St. Marys, Elk county

110

100

50

70

i

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

LARGE CALIFORNIA TROUT— Continued.

71

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address. No. shipped.

Total.

1899.
Oct. 13

Jackson Kohler

Erie Erie county ... 6ft

24

C. K. Dickinson

Erie, Erie county 30

Waterford Erie count v n(i

1900.
Mar. 20

B. Himrod

May 4

Jackson Koehler,

Krie, Erie county 50

Wllliamsport, Lycoming county, . 100

Jan. 4

N. Bubb

LARGE HYBRID TROUT DISTRIBUTED FROM JUNE 1, 1899, TO JUNE 1,

1900.

18M.

t

Oct. 19 I Emor Palmer Albion, Erie county,

]

Dec. 13 Dr. C. B. Chidester Erie, Erie county,

Feb. 14 W. W. Weed, ...^ Corry, Erie county.

SO
10

25

LARGE BROOK TROUT DISTRIBUTED FROM JUNE 1, 1899, TO JUNE 1, 1900.

ISOO.
Jan. 18 Edgar Manning,

Newville, Cumberland county.

100

SMALL MOUTH BLACK BASS.

1899.
July 3 W. L. Elklns,

Philadelphia, Philadelphia county.

40

72

REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

RAINBOW TROUT FRY SHIPPED AFTER JUNE 1, 1899.

Date.

Name.

1899.
June 20
27
27
27
27
21
21
21
21
21
27
27
27
27
27
27
July 24
June 20
20
20
20
20
20
23
20
20
23
23
July 24
24
June 21
21
21
21
21
21

Postoffice Address.

W. W. McCain

H. J. Sassman,

J. H. Murphy

A. F. Vogt

D. W. Felt,

E. C. Yeager

S. B. Karns ,

H. M. Gelllnger

C. Burr Lewis,

C. E. Smith

H. J. Jackson

M. F. Hazel

Harry Wagner,

Capt. A. Mullen

Jno. A. McGinley

J. Linn Harris

C. E. Farrington

H. W, Meyers,

Th<». M. Powell

Thos. M. Powell

A. Mitchell

E. M. Barnes

H. M. Naugle

Chas. Thonrat,

Otto Behr

Herman Behr

P. M. Whitacre

W. L. Hoffman

J. H. Putman

Casper Lenhart

David Wlant

Harman Ball,

Thomas Bell,

G. Hittlnger

Henry Martin,

P. E. Pethlck

No. shipped.

Stevensville, Bradford county, ....

Emporium, Cameron county

Emporium, Cameron county

Emporium, Cameron county

Emporium, Cameron county

Roaring Creek, Columbia county,

Benton, Columbia county

Catawissa, Columbia county

Catawissa, Columbia county

Catawissa, Columbia county

Bellefonte, Centre county,

Belief onte, Centre county,

Bellefonte, Centre county

Bellefonte, Centre county,

Bellefonte, Centre county

Bellefonte, Centre county,

Ralston, Lycoming county

Hazleton, Luzerne county

Hazleton, Luzerne county

Hazleton, Luzerne county

Wllkes-Barro, Luzerne county, ...
White Haven, Luzerne county, ...

Pike's Creek, Luzerne county

Daltcn, Lackawanna county,

Lopez, Sullivan county

Lopez, Sullivan countj',

Hillsgrove, Sullivan county

Hillsgrove, Sullivan county

Blossburg, Tioga county

Blossburg, Tioga county,

Beaumont, Wyoming county

Eastleamon, Wyoming county, ...

Preston, Wayne county,

Hawley, Wayne county i

Winwood, Wayne county

Payntollp, Waynp county

3.00O

3,000

3,000

3,000

3.000

3,000

3,000

3,000

8,000

3,000

6,000

6,000

6,000

6,000

6.000

6,000

2.000

3,000

3,000

3,000

10,000

3,000

S.OOO

3,000

3. MO

3,000

S.OOO

8,000

2,500

2,500 .

3,000

8,000

3.000

3,000

.rooo

3,000

Total.

i

f

72

REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

RAINBOW TROUT FRY SHIPPED AFTER JUNE 1, 1899.

Date.

Name.

1

Postnflice Address.

1
No. shipped.

Total.

1S99.

i

June 2<)

\V. \V. McCain

Stevtnsville, Bradfonl cuunty

3,000

27

11. J. .Sass^man

FniinTiuni, Cainenm county

3.000

2'

J. 11. Murphy

Fniporium, Camemn ounty

3,0^30

27

A. F. Vogt

I-.'mpoiiuni, Cam. 'n. 11 county

3,000

27

I). W. Felt

Fnu'Mrium, Camerun ounty

3.000

21

F. r. Y.:m.r

F-ariim I'r.'.'k, CMliuiil.ia .-.lunty.

3,000

21

S. i:. Karns

Hi.nti.ii, c.ilunibia CiUiity

3.000

21

II. M. U.-lllIlK'T

'"atawissa, Cjunibia .-iiumy

3,000

Ul

''. Huir I. .-wis,

, ^'ata\vi^-^-a, ('Mlutnhia ciunty

3.000

21

< '. i:. Hiuiih

i'ata\vi,<sa. C.iUiniliia cnunty

3,000

11. J. Jaoksun

Ofllt'iiint*', Ctiurt' I'l.unty.

6.000

- 1

M. F. Hazel

F.'llfi'iiiit.', Ccntr.' i.iunty,

6,000

Harr.\' Wai^U'r

Fiil.-ri.mc, C.-iitr.^ iciunty,

6,000

27

•"apt. .\. .Mull.n

Fi-llt'fiint". Cnir.- i .,unty.

6.000

27

Jii". A. M.diiil.'v

F.'li.'r.int.-. C.-nti-.' (i.unty.

6,000

27

J Llnii Harris

Fell.'fMntf. Ci-ntr.- ...unty

6,000

July 21

• '. F. FarrinKton

Falsi' III, Fvc .mini; cnunty

2.000

JiiiU' 20

H. W. M.yti-

Hazl.'t.'ii. Fuz.rn unty

3,000

20

ThoH. M. P..W..11

Hazl.'l'iu, Fuz> rn.' iMiiiity

3,000

2i>

Tlios. M !'.,«■. 11

Ilazlt ton, Fu/:.rne inunty

3.000

2ft

A, Mit.li 11

Wilkts-Hai I". Fu/.-rn.- i-.nuuy. ...

10,000

2i»

F. M. Fain.'.-

Wliitf Hav.ii, T/Uz.-in.' luiinty, ...

3.000

20

n. M. Xauulr

Fik> s < ick, Fuz.'rn.' ..iiinty

3.000

r,f\

•lias. TlMniat,

F»alti n. I^ai'kawanna (mmty

3,000

L'' ^

< Mt.. F- hr

F.'l 'Z, .'^ullivan .1 unty

3.000

2((

IltTinaii Ft-lir

I-.ilH',', .^ullivan riiunty

3.000

1'. M. Whitarr,-

Hill.<«rii\ e. Fullivan county

3,000

r>o

\V. F. ll,,nnian '

1

llillsgn ve. Fullivan cunty

3.000

July :-l

•T. II. Fiitm.an

niossburg, Tiou'a cunty

2.500

^ t

' ■.i>-iM.i I,, nhart,

lilns.siliui tr, I'iof^a ..lunty

2,500

Jun.. 21

Faviil AViant

n.-aunioiit, \Vy..ini!m ''^unty

3,0(jO

21

nanriaii Fall '

l-'astl. 'anion, Wymninu' cmnty. ...

3.000

21

Thonins F. 11

Tro.'-t.in. Wayne cuunty

Ilau (.■>•. Wayji,. c ,;mty

3.000
3,000

21

^I. llittinKfr

21

IF-nry Martin

Wlnwi (1.1. Wayne eoimty

3,0€O

21

r. F.. F.thj.k

i'aynt.'ll.'. Wayri-' .Munty

i

n.ooo

1

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

73

EUROPEAN BROWN TROUT FRY DISTRIBUTED AFTER JUNE 1,

1899.

Date.

Name.

1899.
June 12 W. W. McCain

26 A. J. Lathaln

26 Dr. J. Torrence Sivoitz,

26 J. Burley,

26 M. Lnnj? ,

26 R. Gingrich,

26 Allen S. Garman

26 J. L,. Trcutwine

26 J. C. MoGowan

2t; W. F. Troutwine

26 G. W. Bryant

23 J. C. F. Hamacher

23 e. J. Yountz,

2n r. B. Leonard,

23 R. V. nntiov^

23 Renovo Rod an.l Gun

Club

26 A. K. White

26 H. Haines ,

26 Irv. Glea.^nn

26 Jim Gibb

26 R. M. Garth

1 J. M. Kepler A- Son

26 J, W. Ciinj^ullius

26 G. W. I.nn«-

26 J. T. Neff

20 J. Q. Miles

26 G. G. Fink

27 A. C. Blum

27 O. S. Pnters

t? A. D. Macdiiwell

14 TT. «;. Bnnvn

6 f". ]■:. .Smith

r» C. Burr T^.'Wis

10 (\ P.. Xaianiare

10 G. WhltliiiK'

17 •'. Burgess

Postoffice Address.

Stevensville, Bradford county,

Tyrone, Blair county

•| Tyrone, Blair county

Tyrone, Blair county

Tyrone, Blair county

Tyronp, Blair county

Tyrone, Blair county

Tyrone, Blair county

Tyrone, Blair county

Tyrone, Blair cunty

Tyrone, Blair county

Renova, Clinton county

Renova, Clinton county

litiiMxa, Clinton county

Renova, Clinton county

Renova, Clinton county

Beech Creek. Clint.r, county.
Xorth ISciii], Clinton county,
Xorth Bend, ('linton county.
Lock Haven, Clinton county.

Mill Hall, Clinton county

I'iri.. (;!,,\.' Mills, c.-ntre county.

rUanchard. C tilre county

Blanthard, Centre county

Rolniul. Centre county

Marllia, Centre county

Martha, Centre county

Emporium, Cameron coimty.
Emporium, f'ameron county.
I'^nijinrium, Cameron county, ...
Carlisle. Cumberland county, ...
Citawissa, Columbia county
« atawis.-.i, Columliia county
•■.Hhrnnt...j, Crawford county,
Cuihranton, Crawford county,
Titusvillo Crawford county

No. shipped. Total.

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

2.000

2,000

2,000

10,000
2,000
2,000
2.000
2.00O
2.0OO

2,000

2,000

2.000

2,000

2,000

2,000

1,500

1.500

1.5M

i.OOO

1,000

1.000

2,000
2,000
6,000

0

74

REPORT OF THE off. Doc.

EUROPEAN BROWN TROUT FRY-Continued.

1

Date. Name.

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

i

Total.

1839.
June 23 M. C. Rhone

Wilcox, Elk county

. . . 9 OfM

' •

23 L. S. Hinker

Wilcox. Elk county

• • . ^,UW

23 G. Fowler,

Wilcox, Elk county

2,000
9 mu)

23 W. C. Kuhn

^V'ilcox. Elk roiintv

12 H. C. Vunk

16 H. D. Crowell

j iOdmboro, Erie county .

2.000
. . . 2 (Mi

'^ON'ell. Elif* oniintv

24 N. R. Heath -orrv. KHp on,.ntv.

2,0(K>

26 G. Ward

t^orrv Erie oonntv

2,000

26 W. H. Van VlecK

Corry, Erie county

2,000
9 iyy\

26 W. H. Van Vleck

26 J. P. Oliver j

Corry, Erie county

9 /yw\

^•orry, Erie county

26 C. H. Wetmore

Corry. Erie ronntv

2,000

26 Geo. Ward, Oorry, Erie county

2,000
2.00O
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
10,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
1.000
4,000
2,0«>

2,(m

S,000
2. MO

t,(m

2,000

2,000
2.000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2.000
2,000

26 J. P. Oliver 1 < 'urrv. Erie mnnt^

26 J. F. Austin |

26 J. F. Austin I

Corry, Erie county

Ci.rrv. Erip nf.untv

i '

26 J. F. Austin 1 Corry. Erie rnnntv

1

12 A. Mitchell

Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne county, .
Ahite Haven, Luzerne county, ..
V\ hite Haven, Luzerne county, ..
■^Vliite Haven, Luzerne county, ..
\\ hite Haven, Luzerne county, ..
;i!ton, Lackawanna county, ...
^ rautun, Lackawanna county, .
^ illianisport, Lycoming county,.
\illiamsport, Lycoming county,.

lun.y, Lycoming county

luncy, Lycoming county

luncy. Lyciiming county

luncy, Lycoming county,

late Run, Lycoming county

late Run, Lycoming county

late Run, Lytoming county

late Run, Lycoming county

late Run, Lycoming county, ....

late Run, Lycoming county

niton, Northumberland county,..

12 W. R. Miller,

12 A. H. Scheirer

12 Wm. Naustlel

12 J. W. Baylor

5 C. Thonrot

5 F. McGowan .

22 D. A. Howe ^

fS N. D. Stauch, \

23 Dr. J. W. Albright :

23 W. S. Weaver ' ^

1

23 E. Schuyler ;

23 C. Walton ^

23 J. H. Fetterman is

23 H. Halford -■

23 A. H. Riggle s

23 J. Fenstermack^r .^

23 M. E. Westcott f-

23 IL MeClure ; s

22 Samuel Clinger m

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

75

EUROPEAN BROWN TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

1SG9.
June 22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
15
12
12
22
22
22
22
22
22
S
12
10
10
10
12
23
23
23
14

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped. I Total.

H. R. dinger,

James Buoy

R. Mundy

J. Wilhelm

O. Rothe,

W. H. Harris

John Smith,

J. Dehas,

G. N. Clinger

J. A. Clinger

W. E. Meehan

H. Behr

Otto Behr,

J. Huntington

R. Datesman

E. Datesman

S. Datesman

R. Datesman

E. Rhoads

H. Ball

D. Wlant

J. F. Zittle

H. P. Hunter,

J. P. ZIttle,

Ed. R. Allen

T. H. Ellis

A. S. Knight

E. M. Schuler

S. A. Snyder,

Milton, Northumberland county,.. 2,000

Milton, Northumberland county,..: 2,000

Milton, Northumberland county... 2,000

Milton, Northumberland county,.. 2,000

Milton, Northumberland county,.. 2,000

Milton, Northumberland county,.. 2,000

Milton, Northumberland county,.. 2,000

Milton, Northumberland county,.. 2,000

Milton, Northumberland county... 2,000

Milton, Northumberland county,.. 2,000

Philadelphia, Philadelphia co 10.000

Lopez, SuJIivan county 2.000

Lopez, Sullivan county 2,000

West Milton, Union county 2,000

West Milton. Union county 2,M0

West Milton, Union county 2,000

West Milton, Union county 2,WK)

West Milton, Union county, 2,000

West Milton, Union county 1,000

Ea-stleamon. Wyoming county, ... 2, WO

Ueaumont, Wyoming county 2,(KK)

Warren, Warren ttMinty, 6,000

Warren, Warren county ^. 18,000

Warren, Warren county 6,000

Columbus, Warren county, 8,000

I'i.ina. Warren county. 2,000

Tiona, Warren county 2,000

Tiona, Warren county, 2,000

Xf'W Sinsheirn. York county 2,000

I

76

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

EASTERN STATION.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, JOHN P. OREVELING.

Commissioners of Fisheries:

Gentlemen: I respectfully tender this, my annual report. 1 regret
to say that the old hatching house is in a deplorable condition. This
is certainly the last winter that it can stand. It is rotten through-
out. The floors, roof, rafters and troughs are all in this condition.
The troughs are so bad that a knife can be thrust through them
almost anywhere. At any moment the entire building may collapse,
or the troughs give way as a whole. {Should the latter give way
while the eggs or fry are therein, there would be a calamity to the
Commission as grievous as that which occurred winter before last
when the entire lot of fry died. The structure is unsafe through-
out. It has been in bad shape for several years, and it has only
been kept standing by constant patching and this it is no longer pos-
sible to do. It is possible that the house may be tilled with eggs and
fry this winter, but I would not like to accept resi>onsibility for
another year. I say it was earnestness, that the old house must
either be pulled down and replaced by another, or be abandoned
altogether, if the Commission desires to be certain of successfully
hatching trout fry to the same extent as formerly. It is remarkable
that the building has stood as long as it has.

What is known as the new house is in fair condition and will
stand for a number of years with slight annual repairs. A few of
the troughs are beginning to show signs of rotting, but even these
are in no danger of falling in the near future. They will stand for at
least five or six years more.

Most of the ponds are in good shape. I reboarded a number of
them, and the others can stand for some time without touching.
I continue, however, to be troubled with the water plant that was
introduced some years ago, through the agency of musk rats. To
keep this down to any degree involves (juite an expense annually,
which could be obviated if there were a change in the methods
of inflow and outflow of water. A murh better system of water
connection between the ponds can easily be devised at a small ex
pense, and is badly needed.

X

X

*^

76

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

EASTERN STATION.

KEPOirr OF THE srPEIUNTEXl)E\l\ JOIIX P. CREVELINU.

Coimiiissioiieis of Fisheries:

<I(MUl('ineu: I icsiKM-tfulIv innlci- tiiis, niv annual ivport. 1 rej»ret
t<» sav tliai the old halchinj^ 1hmis«* is in a (lc]»h»ral»l<' coiKliiioii. This
is rciiainlv ihc hisl wintiT ijjai ii ran stand. It is rotten throngh-
oui. Th.' llcMMs. K.ol'. lalh'is and ii<.u-hs aie all in this condition.
Tho troniihs aic so bad that a knife can be thrust tlirough them
ahnosi anywiiei-e. At anv monn'iii liic entile buibling niav collapse,
oi' the tioughs give wav as a whole. Should the latter give wav
while the eggs uv ivy afe tlirreiii. there would be a calauiitv to the
('nniniission as gii<'Vous as that whirh nccurred winter before last,
when the entire h.t of frv died. The strinture is unsafe through-
out. It has been in bad shape for several years, and it has onlv
been kejM standing by eunstani patching and this it is no lunger i»o.s-
sible to do. It i> j.nssible that the hnns.' may bi- lille«l with <'ggs and
fry tliis winter, but I would not like to accept resjM.nsibimy for
another year. I say it was earnestness, that the cdd house 'must
cither be juilled down and leplar.-d by another, or be abamkmed
altogether, if the ('oinmissinn desires to be .-ertain of successfullv
liatching trout ivy to tli<' same extent as formerly. Ii is remarkable
thai the biiilding has stood as long as it has.

What is known as the n«'w houst^ is in fair condition and will
stand for a number of years with slight annual repairs. A few «d'
the troughs ate beginning to show signs of rotting, but even these
are in no <Ian-.M' ui falling in tin. near future. They will staml for at
least live or six \e5its nioi-e.

Most of tlie j.onds are in good shape. T reboarded a number of
fhom, and the others can stand for scune time without tom-hing.
I continue, however, to be troubled with the water plant Ihat w^rs
introduci'd some years ago. through the agency of musk rats. To
keep this dc»w n to any d<'gri-e involves <,uite an exi>ense annuallv,
-vvhi.h could be obviai.-d if there were a change in the methods
of inflow and outlbiw of w;tler. A mmh bi-tter system of water
tonnertion between the ponds can easily be <1. -vised at a small ex
pense, and is badly n<'eded.

X

•/.

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

77

tt

•/.

X

W

At present it is impossible to draw off the water from any one pond,
as it flows from one to the other by open gates or sluiceways. The
ponds should be connected each by a drain pipe with a common ditch,
so that if desirable to empty one pond and keep the others full it
would be possible to do so.

It is very important that the ponds should be emptied occasion-
ally in order to be thoroughly cleaned, not only of the water plants,
but of other undesirable material which will gather there. The
greatest evil, however, is the first named. This plant grows so
luxuriantly that it rapidly clogs the ponds even to the extent of
smothering the fish. If the water of a single pond could be drawn
off without disturbing the supply in the others, it would be possible
to got rid of this pest. The bottom could be carefully cleaned with
ease and then well salted. Salt only will destroy this w^ater plant.
At present the men have to enter the ponds with the water still
there and mow and scrape the plants out as well as they can. To
hoe out all the roots is impossible. Consequently, in a few weeks
the plants are growing as luxuriantly as ever, and the work has to
be done all over again. I estimate that it requires a full month for
two men every year to mow the water plants from the ponds. This
represents an expenditure of about f 150.00. Of course this is not
an extra expense, as the w^ork is done by the regular employes, but
if they did not have to do this they could be profitably employed at
something else, of more benefit as far as results are concerned
to the Commission. I cannot give the cost of making the changes
suggested in the inflow and outflow system, as I have made no esti-
mates, but I do not believe it would be heavy, certainly not^as much
as is now involved by the annual ineffective mowing.

This change in the system would be beneficial in many ways, as
it would enable me to more carefully tend the fish, and bring the
diseased ones under more perfect control.

There are only about 2,000 mature trout in the ponds at the close
of the fiscal year. A year ago, there were about 20.000. apparently
fine, healthy fish. It was thought desirable after the fatality to the
fry during February, 1899, not to breed from the mature fish in
the pond any longer, but to plant them in the streams to get rid of
them in some form, and replace them with new blood. Acting under
orders, therefore, I disposed of a large number and planted all but
about 2.000 in the streams of the State. The 2,000 remaining are
kept for show^ purposes only. Tliey comprise chiefly brook trout of
large size, although there are a few brown and California trout.

For hatching purposes I received trout eggs from three sources.
One million five hundred thousand w^ere received under contract
from a firm of fish culturists in New England; 75,000 were given by
the Blooming Grove Park Association, and 25,000 were donated by
the Penn Forest Association.

I

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

77

At present it is impossible to draw oil" the water from any one pond,
as it flows from one to the oIIkt by open j^jates or sluiceways. The
ponds sliould be connected each by a drain pipe with a common ditch,
so that if desiralde to empty one jjond and keep tlie ethers full it
woukl be jKissible to do so.

It is very im])ortant that the jjonds sliould be emptied occasion-
ally in order to be thoreufrhly cleaned, net only of the watei- plants,
but of other undesiral)Ie material which will gather tluM-e. The
<»i<'alest evil, however, is the tirst named. This plant jirows so
luxuriantly that it rapidly clo^is the i>onds even to the extern nf
smothei-iu"- the fish. If the water of a siti^le pond could be drawn
elT witlnuit disturbinji" the supply in the others, it would be possible
to jiet rid of this ]K*st. The bottom could be carefully cleaned with
ease and then well salted, ^^alt only will destroy this water plant.
At j>res<»nt the men have to enter the jtonds with the water still
there and mow and scrajte the plants out as well as they can. To
hoe out all tlu' roots is Impossible. Ponsequently, in a few weeks
the plants are jzrowin*! as luxuriantly as ever, and the work has to
be d(»n<' all over ajrain. I estimate that it rer|uires a full month for
two men every year to mow the water plants from the ponds. This
represetits an exp(Miditure of about .^^loO.OO. Of <'ourse this is not
an extra expense, as the work is done liy the rejiular em]>loyes. but
if they did not have to do this they could be ]M'ofitaldy employed at
somethinji" else, of more benefit as far as results are concerned
to the Commission. I cannot uive the cost of makinjr the chancres
suffg-ested in the inflow and outflow svstem. as T have made no esti-
unites, but I do not lielieve it would be heavy, certainly not^as much
as is now involved by the annual ineffective mowinji.

This change iu the system wouhl be beneficial in many ways, as
it would enable me to more carefully tend the fish, and brinp: the
diseased ones under more perfect control.

Ther^ are only about 2.000 mature trout in the ponds at the close
of the fiscal year. A year ajro. there were about 20.000. apparently
fine, healthy fish. It was thought desirable aft<M' the fatality to the
fry duriuii- February. ISOO, not to breed from the mature fish in
the pond any lonsjer. but to plant them in the streams to pret rid of
them in some form, and replace them with new blood. Acting' under
orders. ther<'fore. T disposed of a lar*r<* numb<M' and ]>lauted nil but
about 2.0tm in the streams of the S^tate. The 2.000 remaininu are
kept for show purposes only. They <'omprise chiefly biook trout of
larjre size, althouprh there are a few brown and Oalifornia trout.

For hatchin<r purposes T received trout ejrgs from thre«' sources.
One million five hundred thousand were received under contract
from a firm of fish culturisfs in Xew Knjrland: TH.OOO were jxiven by
the Rloominsr Orov*^ T»ark Association, and 25.000 were donated by
the T*enn Forest Association.

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

78

REPORT OF THE

OH. Doc.

The eggs purchased from the New England firm came in several
consignments. The tirst was received about the beginning of the
year. The eggs were in fine condition, hatching fine healthy fish
aKhough they were rather small as to si.e. The second consign-
ment came in very bad condition. The eggs themselves were not
bad, but they had not been well packed and had been roughly handled
by the express companies. The eggs were jammed in the travs and
a great many were dead in consequence. There were about 23 000
VM out the first day after unpacking, but the shipper afterwards
made good this loss under the terms of his contract. The remainder
of the eggs arrived in good condition, but many of them burst before
h.U.hmg and the others did not yield strong fry, such as are hatched
from healthy Pennsylvania fish, such as for instance were hatched
from the eggs received from the Blooming Grove Park Association
and the Penn Forest .\ssociation. The eggs received from these
last two concerns practically all hatch.'d and thrived and were all
retained for breeding purposes in the ponds.

It is a curious fact that the eggs of the trout received from the \ew
England concern were very small, although the frv were verv healthv
and active and good color and in every way satisfa.torv. U is ilso
a cunons fa.t that these fish were pronounced canibals! No matter
how much food was given them, the larger fry attacked and de-
vouied the smaller. .\s many as forty tails of fish destroved in this
manner have been taken from a trough in a single dav and as the
number of tails found does not begin to represent the m.mber actu-
ally eaten it may be readily imagined that the number as a whole
must hijve been large. Several thousand must have been lost in this
manner.

I am glad to say that the fry planted this year were among the
healthiest and most satisfactory ever sent from this Station, and
have given general satisfaction to the applicants. Thus. I the more
deplore the almost certain loss of most of these fish after they were
planted. "^

If the fi.«h hatched at this Station had all been planted in proper
season a more than ordinarily large proportion must have thriven
but I regret to have to say that the most of them were not planted
AMien they should have been. On the first of June a verv lar-e
proportion of the fry were still in the troughs awaiting applica-
tions or the convenience of applicants. This is an evil which the
commission ought to remedy at once, if the members desire to achieve
the best results in planting. No api.licatlon for trout frv ought to
be received after March .Slst. No applicant should be" permitted
to name even appro.Kimately tlie date of shipment. Trout frv ought
to he sent to the locality in which they ,ire to he planted at the time
when the conditions of the stream are most suitable

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

79

Last year, in my report, I said: "I am convinced that of the fry
planted after June 1st, that a very large per cent, is lost. This is
due to the fact that the fish must be shipped in ice water for a
number of hours, and are then generally planted by inexperienced
persons, wlio throw the little creatures right into the stream in
which they are expected to live, subjecting them to a sudden change
of from ten to twenty degrees. Under such circumstances it re-
quires but a few hours or days to kill most of the fry, and what sur-
vive are so weak that they prove an easy piey to their enemies.
The consequence is that when the persons who planted the fish find
no result they blame the commission for shipping inferior fish, or
declare that four months' old fish are not suitable for distribution.
If every planter of brook trout were experienced at the work, and
would take the time to properly equalize the temperature of the
water in the cans and stream before the flsh were transferred one
from the other, there would not be serious loss and there would be
better results from planting, or rather it would make little difference
when fry were deposited in the streams, but the vast majority of ap-
plicants for fry are not experienced in this work, and it requires
several hours to equalize the temperature, an amount of time which
few can give. Consequently, for the good of the Commission, both
as regards expense and the success of fish planting. I earnestly
point out this matter to you, and state that I consider that the
fish shipped after June 1st is practically useless work. That it is a
useless waste of time, money, effort and fish. I do not believe that
a single stream is benefitted. The best results are obtained bv verv
early plant in jr, when the tempera tnre of the stream and water in
the cans are the same, aiul when no ice is needed in shippin*?. The
matter of ice is one which shonld always be considered, for although
it is not expensive, it is that much money thrown away. I have
particularly noted the advantages of early planting in the Little
Lehigh, which flow's along the edge of this Station. This stream
is admittely rendered one of the finest trout streams near a large
city entirely through artificial planting. Years ago the planting w^as
all done verv earlv in the season, and the effects were immediatelv
noticeable, and there was good fishing throughout the season. Of
late years the applicants have been asking for and receiving the fish
among the last lots, and I have noticed a marked diminished supply
of fish of the smaller type."

I Wrongly reaflRrm what I said then and urge the Commission to
take action which will put the fry out at a proper season and so pro-
duce the best results.

The southern counties should be supplied first, because there the
spring opens earlier than in the northern or mountainous counties.
All shipments there and elsewhere ought to be made before the

80

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

water has a chance to get too warm. I should say that every trout
for the southern counties ought to be planted before the middle of
April. I am positive that the fish which will be shipped there this
year after the first of June will be in can water of a temperature of
about forty, and I am equally positive that nearly all these fish will be
dumped into streams the water of which will have a temperature of
from 60 to 70 degrees. No fish can stand this sudden change.

I am aware that such advice will not be pleasing to the applicant
who prefers pleasant warm weather in which to plant his fish, but
I consider that the interests of the fish are above those of the con-
venience and comfort of the planter. Moreover, the applicant, if
he honestly desires to have good fishing should be willing to subord-
inate his feeling of personal comfort to attain the best results.

There are yet about 500,000 trout fry to be planted, and I am abso-
lutely certain that three-fifths of them will perish after being placed
in the streams and this is making due allowance for the few appli-
cants who are aware of the proper methods of planting and will
take the time to equalize the temperature of the water before plant-
ing.

BLACK BASS.

Last June, in compliance with the directions of the Commission,
I began the building of ponds and the alterations of others for the
propagation of black bass, rock bass, yellow perch, cat fish and pick-
erel. I placed a partition through the lower pond formerly used for
carp. This partition was about eight feet from one side. The water
here was shoal, and on the bottom I placed a number of heaps of
gravel as foundations for spawning beds. The depth of water was
about fifteen inches. The supply was carried from one of the trout
ponds through an open wooden trough to a smaller shallow pond,
where it could rest and warm. From this pond the w^ater was carried
over a broad bed a few inches deep, so that it could be further warmed
before reaching the spawning pond.

I received from the Corrv Station seventv-flve small-mouth black
bass. These were placed in one of the ponds formerly occupied by
trout. I was unable to secure anv natural food for them, and was,
therefore, compelled to feed them with liver. They ate this only to
a limited extent, but appeared to be healthy and active the whole
winter. But as April came around and the water would not warm,
the fish appeared to sicken and were attacked by fungus, and before
spawning time arrived all died.

This summer I shall trv to secure more black bass and see what
can be done through giving them a different diet and keeping them
in water that will warm in early spring.

w

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tD
in

D3

80

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

water lias a cliaiice tn <xvi ino warm. I should sav lliat cverv (rout
for the souilicrii nui lilies ou^lii lo he planted het'ore the middle of
.\juil. I am |M)sili\«' liiai the tish \vhieh will he shipped tliere this
year aftrr the tii'si (»f dune will he in can water of a tt'mperature of
ahout fort V. and I am e<jually posit i\e that neai'ly all these fish will be
dumped into sir<'ams the water of whicli will have a lemjteratnre of
from (10 lo 7(1 (h'^rees. No tish ran stand this sudden chanjie.

I am aware that such advice will not be pleasinji to the applicant
who prcfeis {deasant wai-m weatlier in which to jdant his lish, but
T consider that the interests of the lisli are above (hoso of the con-
venience and cnmfort of the planter. Moreover, the ai»idicant, if
he honestly (h'sircs to have uood fisliinj: should be willing- to subord-
inate his feeling of peisonal comfort to attain the best lesults.

Theic arc vol about r>(H). 000 trout frv to be ])lanted. and T am abso-
biicly certain that three-lift hs of them will perish aft«M' bein^ placed
in the streams an«l this is making (bu' allowanc<' for the few a])])li-
cants who are aware of the ]U'oper nndhods of ]dantinj^ and will
fake the time to e(jualiz(» the temperature of the water before plant-

ing.

BLACK BASS.

Last June, in compliance with tlie directions of tin* rommission.
1 beuan tin* building' of ponds and the alterations of otheis for the
propagation of black bass, I'ock bass, yellow ]ier<di. cat fish and pick-
erel. T placed a partition through the lower pond fornn'rly used for
carp. This partitioi! was about eight feet fiom one side. The wai(»r
InM-e v»as shoal, and on the bottom T p1;H*ed a number of heaps of
grav<'l as foundations foi- spawning beds. The depth of water was
about fifteen inches. The supply wns cariied from one of the trout
ponds tlii'ough an open wooden ti'ough to a snuillcM* shallow pond.
wheiN' it could rest and warm. From this pond the water was carried
ove! a bioad IkmI a few inches deep, so that it could bo further warmed
f>efore reacliing the spawning pond.

I received frcuu tbe Porry Station seventy five sninllniouth black
bass. Thes*' wet'e ]da<'ed in one of th<' ponds formerly occupied by
tiout. T was unable to secure any natural food for them, and was.
therefore. <'ompelled to f(MMl them with livei*. They ate this only to
a limited extent, but appeared to be healthy and active the whole
winter. But as April came around and the wat«*r would not warm,
the fish aiux'aied fo sicken and wore attn<ked bv funnus, and before
spawning lime arrived all died.

This summer 1 shall try to secure more black bass and see what
ran be done through giving them a ditTerent diet and keeping tliem
in water that will warm in early spring.

Ed
w

CD

a
w

en

dd
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en

LO

INTHNTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

81

No. 18.

1 also set aside a pond for rock bass and aiiother for spawning
purposes. Tlie latter was simply a shallow pond, iu which there was
considerable gravel, the other was at first one of the old tront ponds^
One hundred and ten rock bass were received from Corry. As in
the case of the black bass I fed these fish on liver and had no diffi-
culty in getting them to eat it. Like the black bass that remained
healthy all through the winter, but unlike them showed no signs
of sickness when spring arrived. They also exhibited no signs of
spawning when the proper season arrived, so 1 removed them from
the told water pond to one where the water was much warmer I
found them very thin, but after placing them in their new quarters
thev began to pick up and soon became fine, healthy looking fish.
Nevertheless by June 1st they showed no signs of swelling with
spawn.

YELLOW PERCH.

In another pond I placed thirty-seven spawner yellow perch.
These had been at this Station since they were small fish and were
in splendid health. About April 1st they began to show signs of
spawning and on the 15th of April, I placed a quantity of evergreen
brush in the ponds along the edges and about the 25th two of he fish
deposited Iheir eggs thereon. The spawning continued until about
the 15th of Mav, when the last eggs were deposited. I was, untor-
tunately at this critical time called away to look after the Bristol
Station and give directions to my subordinates for the continuance
of the work of looking after the yellow perch eggs. I directed that
from three to five davs after a string of eggs were laid, to remove the
brush ou which it was. and place it in another in which there were
no fish of anv kind. I further directed that this should always be
done in the evening. This was to prevent the sun from injuring
the eggs while out of the water.

The spawn was transferred and as far as I know in accord with
my orders. Apparently, n large proportion of the eggs hatched
There were seven strings in all. and as these are nsually nearly all
fertilized bv the male (here ought to be a good hatching.

The lish 'when first halrlud are very small and hide themselves
among the brush and, <onsequently. at the close of the fiscal year 1
am unable to report what the measure of success has been. Should
the eggs have practically all hatched, and the fry are not attacked
bv <-nenues, it is possible that there may be between S.OOO and 10.000
frv for distribution. These are (lie gientest possible number. Un-
fortunately, as the work had to be done during my absence at Bris-
tol by one of my siibordinaies and the least skilful one at that. I
am compelled to speak less ronfidently than I would like. I regret

6—18—1900

82

REPORT Oi^' THE

Off. Doc.

iii.V eiil'oi'ced absence, because it was at an important and critical
period and on the strict carrying out of my orders depends success
or failure.

PICKEREU

Last autumn I went to the property of the Beaver Run Club, in
Pike county, to secure some mature pickerel, that concern having
given the Commission the right to go on its property and take as
mauy fish as were desired for propagating purposes. I spent sev-
eral days there, but although I secured as many fish as were desired,
they were all too large for the cans. They were so large in fact that
they would only go in endwise and could not survive the journey. I
had, therefore, to reluctantly abandon the attempt to raise the pick-
erel for the year.

The Beaver Hun Club has otfered to begin next August to save for
the Commission a large number of small-sized fish and to properly
thans])ort them I will have made some specially largs cans of common
tin. 1 shall also make the trip earlier in the season than last, per-
haps in September, so that in event of failure, I may be able to secure
the fish from another source, which has been promised in case of
need. I was also unable to secure the cat fish because the ponds
were completed too late to get the fish from the mountains. This
spring I was informed that 1 could have the fish and wrote to the
people named by Mr. Chase who stood ready to donate them, but
up to June 1st had received no reply.

As it was deterniin<Ml lo raise gold fis?h for distribution in the
public schools I paid closer attention to their care. It was, however,
impossible to do much on account of the pressure of other work.
This summer I will build a good spawning pond and enlarge the one.
for the fry and introduce water plants, so that by next year there
is litth' doubt but that the Commission can meet all demands which
may be made by the superintendents of education.

Last October I received directions to prepare trout eggs from
the old fish in the ]»onds, showing the ditTerent stages of the develop-
ment of the embryo, these series to be used in the public schools for
nature study work.

I took in all about L2()(M)(M) eggs and made four series, the green,
eg^, eyed, full matured and the fry. These were distributed as
will be shown by the attached tables.

j^Q 18 FISH COMMISSIONERS. • ^S

The following fish were hatched at this Station during the year:

„ , , ^„. 1,500,000

Brooktrout ' '

Atlantic salmon, rlt

Trout eggs for public schools, 1,200,000

Total, 2,949,164

In addition, I distributed the following fish of
mature size from the ponds:

Brook trout, two years old, ^'^^^

California trout, four years old, '^^

Brown trout, four years old, ^^^

Grand total, 2S)oS,451

Respectfullv submitted,

J. P. CREVELING,
Superintendent.

84

REPORT OF THE

EASTERN STATION.

DISTIBUTION BROOK TROUT TWO YEARS OLD.

15 J. A. Dale

19 Price Brothers, ..

1* E. Hooker, Jr., ..,

19 S. T. Detrich, ....

22 W. S. Haslander,

26 Judge Purdy, ...

26 C. C. Mumford,

28 J. W. Correll, ...

29 W. H. Wooden,

York, York county

Cresco, Monroe county

Mt. Pocono, Monroe county, ...
Sprague%'ine, Monroe county, .
Scranton, Lackawanna county,
Honesdale, Wayne county, ...
Honesdale, Wayne county, ...
Easton, Northampton county,
Berwick, Columbia county, ...

600
200
100
200
75
150
130
500
200

Off. Doc.

Date.

4

Name.

Postoffice Address.

No. shipped.

Total.

1899.
Oct 21

J. P Crevellner

-Mlentown, Lehigh county

Easton, Northampton county

Scranton, Lackawanna county, ..
Scranton, T^ickawanna county, ..
Easton, Northampton county, ..

Weatherly, Carbon county,

Easton, Northampton county

Easton, Northampton county

Scranton, T^ckawanna county, ..
Newville, Cumberland county, ..
Moscow, Lackawanna county, ....
PJaston, Northampton county, ..
Lancaster, Lancaster county

500

Nov 18

H. W Cooley

200 !

21

S W Stillwell

642

23

S W Stillwell

1

720

24

J. W. Correll

i
750

27

Dr. J. C. Bidden

^)0

28

J W. Correll

600

Dec 1

J. W. Correll

600

5

M McDonald

200

7
8

Hon. E. Manning,

W. R. Beck

500
2^

8

J. W. Correll

400

12

H. C. Demuth

550

DISTRIBUTION CALIFORNIA TROUT FIVE YEARS OLD.

1899.
Dec. 22 i W. S. Haslander,

Scranton, Lackawanna county.

100

DISTRIBUTION BROWN TROUT THREE YEARS OLD.

1899. :

Dec. 5 ! M. Healey,

M. Zusplease,

Scranton, Lackawanna county, ..
Scranton, Lackawanna county, .,

150
150

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT TWO YEARS OLD.

85

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

1900.

Jan. 5

9

9

24

Feb. 12

A. Grelsemer

M. C. Luckenbach,

H. H. Dash

P. F. Fulmer,

Wentzel & Stetler,

Allentown, Lehigh county,

Bethlehem, Northampton county,
Bethlehem, Northampton county,
Philadelphia, Philadelphia co., ..
Allentown, Lehigh county

DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY.

1900.

April 4;F. P. Ressler 1 Reading, Berks county

. 4 i S. M. Meredith | Reading, Berks county,

4 W. Bertolet, ..
4 A. J. Peifer, ..
4 G. I. Bechtel,
4 C. W. Bechtel,
W. W. Fetter,
C. A. Miller, .
A. Bodenhorn i Hamburg, Berks county

A. BrownmlUer,

•W. Moyer

G. W. Bear

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

Reading, Berks county, ..
Reading, Berks county, ..
Reading. Berks county, .
Reading, Berks county, .
Reading, Berks county, .
Fleetwood, Berks county.

Hamburg, Berks county,
Hamburg, Berks county,
Hamburg, Berks county,

E. J. Sellers Kutztown, Berks county,

Daniel Bercher. Kutztown. Berks county.

J. Herbine Leesport, Berks county, .,

Leesport, Berks county, .

Reading, Berks county.

4 J. W. Rauch

April 23 V,\ H. Schall

May 2 Pete Texter

2 F. Garman, ■

2 C. M. Wagenhorst,

Reading, Berks county.
Reading, Berks county.
Kutztown, Berks county,

2 J. J. Lunboch Kutztown, Berks county, .

Kutztown, Berks county, .
Lobachsville, Berks county.

2 D. M. Blatt, ...

3 S. A. Brown, .
3 J. P. Maltland,

J. P. Hurst, ,
A. H. Fegley,

Reading, Berks county,
Reading, Berks county,
Urading, Berks county,

Total.

aoo

200
200
20O
200

1,000

2,000 '

1,000 I

1,000

1,000 !

1,000

1,000

2,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

2,W0

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

l.ono

1,om

1.000

29,000

86

REPORT OF THE

DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

1900.
April 10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19

19

T, D. Thomas,
D. S. Bock, ...

Postofflce Address.

LehlRhton, Carbon county, .
Lehighton. Carbon county, .

F. P. Semmel, Jr j Lehighton, Carbon county,

C. H. Christman,

C. J. Balliet

Harry I^T.vfer, ..

E. G. Zem ,

David Ebbert, ....
G. W. A. Richard,

D. J. Knauss

H. H. Peters

H. A. Nicholas, ...

II. A. Roth

L. M. Amer, ,

C. Wolf

Lehighton. Carbon county, .

Lohlghton, Carbon county, .

Lehighton, Carbon county. .

Lehighton, Carbon county, .

Lehighton, Carbon county, .

Lehighton, Carbon county, .

Ijehighton, Carbon county, .

Lehighton, Carbon county, .

Lehighton, Carbon county, .

Lehighton. Carbon county, .

Welssport. Carbon county,

Welssport, Carbon county,

C. Wolf Welssport, Carbon county,

Fred. Wolf Welssport. Carbon county.

W. E. Reed Welssport. Carbon county.

C. H. Amer

E. L. Arncr,

Howard Amer

Aquilla Reed

Geo. Reed,

W', P. Brrtdhead

W, T. Tice

C. D. Kemmerer,

Frank Terger

Peter Small,

I. H. Getz.

E. Getz

H. Y. Huseman

Amos Jones

A. L. Seltzer,

Carbon Co. Fish & Game
Protective Association, .
J. T. Mullhearn,

Welssport, Carbon county,
Welssport, Carbon county,
Welssport, Carbon county,
Welssport, Carbon county,
Welssport, Carbon county,
Welssport, Carbon county,
Welssport, Carbon county,
Welssport, Carbon county,
Albrlghtsvllle, Carbon county,
Albrlghtsvllle, Carbon county,
.Mbrlghtsvllle, Carbon county,
Albrlghtsvllle, Carbon county,
Albrlghtsvllle. Carbon county,
Albrlgfitsvlllo, Carbon county,
Albrlghtsvllle, Carbon county,

Mauch Chunk, Carbon county,
T^ansford, Carbon county

No. shipped.

1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
l.MO
1,000
1,M0
1,000
1.000
1.000

t.000

1,000

Off. Doc.

Total.

1^0. Ig. FISH COMMISSIONERS.

DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

87

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped Total.

1900.

April lb N. G. Kurtz

IS C. E. Griffith

18 A. H. Brlnton

23 Fred. Talbot,

24 P. F. Woodward, .
24 H. D. Woodward,

24 David Cope

24 H. M. Carpenter,

24 J. W. Passmore, .

24 W. H. Jacobs, ...

May I John Funk,

2 T. Sha-pless

2 Robert B. Todd, .

lioney Brook, Chester county.
Honey Brook, Chester county.
West Chester, Chester county, .

Supplee, Chester county

Ltuianl. Chester county.

Leonard, Chester county

Leonard, Chester county,

Avondale. Chester county,

Chatham, Chester county

Aldham, Chester county

Glen Hall, Chester county, ...
West Chester, Chester county.
Glen Moor, Chester county, .

April 26 C. E. Smith Catawlssa, Columbia County,

26 H. Shaul

26 J. R. Bibley

26 C. Drumheller, .

26 E. C. Yeager, ...

26 W. M. Geiger. .

26 I. M. Getty

26 D. Roaoh

2C A. Trexler

26 F. eteinmetz, ..

26 R. S. Mercur, ..

26 O. E. Hawkins,

M W. T. Beck. ..

Catawissa, Columbia County,

Catawlssa, Columbia County

Roaring Creek, Columbia county.
Roaring Creek, Columbia county,
ratawl;-sa, Columbia counly, —
('atawissa, Columbia county. ....

Anlster, Columbia county

Anister, Columbia county

Centralia. Columbia county, —
Centralla. Columbia county, ....

Centralia, Columbia county,

Centmlla. Columbia county, —

26 H. M. Gellinger , | Centralia. Columbia county.

26 J. D. Bodlne (Centralia, Columbia county,

26 C. E. Randall,

Catawissa. Columbia county.

40,000

April 9 O. F. Corral Is. ...

9 H. R. McCartney,

9 G. B. Wetzel

9 M. P. Moore,

9 W. H. W^ise

f C. 8. Heckman, ..

Carlirh', Cumberland county,
Carlisler Cumberland county,
Carlisle, Cumberland county,
Carlisle, Cumberland county,
Carlislo, Cumberland county,
Parli-l'". Ciimhf^rland county.

l.OOO

1,04AI

l.uOO

1,000

1.000

1,000

2,000

1,000

1,000

1,0(K)

1,000

1,000

1.000

1.000

l.OOO

1,000

1,000

1.000

l.OM

l.OW)

1.000

1.000

1.000

l.MO

1.000

l.WO

l.ilOO

l.OW

l.ono

l.OM
1,000
l.OM
l.OM
1,000
l.OM

14, OM

10,000

S8

REPORT OF THE

DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

i

No. shipped.

Total.

1900.

1

April 9
9
9

T \f Thnmnson

Carlisle. Cumberland

county

county

1,000
1 000

T R Rpfit pm

Carlisle Cumberland

J. W. Lininger

Carlisle, Cumberland

county

1,000

9

J. S. Meek

Plainfleld, Cumberland county. ..

1,000

9
9
g

C H Meek

Carlisle. Cumberland

rniintv

1,000

1 000

H H Hoffman

Plainfleld, Cumberland county, ..
Plainfleld, Cumberland county, ..

J W. EoDley

1,000

9

Frank Housholder

Newville, Cumberland county, ..

1,000

IS

C E Benkley

Barnitz Cumberland

county ....

1,000
1,000
1,000

IS

B Li Peffer

Barnitz Cumberland

county ....

IS

J. L. Martin,

Barnitz, Cumberland

county

IS

R. H. Thomas, Jr

Mechanicsburg, Cumberland co.,..

1,000

IS

J L Brandt

Mechanicsbursr, Cumberland co. ...
Mechanicsbursr. Cumberland co

1 (K)0

18

E. C. Gardner

l,0ftO

18

H E Nissley

Pine Grove

Furnace,

Cumbl'd CO.,

l.OOO

IS

J. W. Basband

Pine Grove

Furnace,

Cumbl'd CO.,

1,000

22,000

April 18
IS

V H Welstllne

Harrlsburgr,

Dauphin

county,

2 OrtO

W R Denehey

Harrisburg,

Dauphin

county,

1,000

18

J. B. Fisher

Harrisburg,

Dauphin

county

l.OOO

18

A. Roat,

Harrisburgr.

Dauphin

county

1,000

IS

T W While

HarrisburpT,

Dauphin

county, ....

1,000
1,000

18

G. C. Bent

Harri.sburi?.

Dauphin

county

18

J. H. Bolton

Harrisburg,

Dauphin

county,

2.000

18

C S Rebuck

Harrisburg,

Dauphin

county, . . . .

1,M0

18

B E Finch

Harrisburg,

•

Harrisburg,

Dauphin
Dauphin

county

county

1,000

18

C. W. Covert,

1,000

May 3
3

A. Roat

Harrisburg,
Harrisburg,

Dauphin
Dauphin

county

county

1,000

E. M. Housholder

l.OOO

3

A. F. Brandt

Harrisburg,

Dauphin

county,

1,000

3

H. A. Dill

Harrisburg,

Dauphin

county, . . . .

1,000

3

S. B. Harris

Harrisburg,
Harrisburg,

Dauphin
Dauphin

county

county

1.000
1,000

3

R. J. Wall

18,000

April 24

M. Hutchinson

Radnor, Delaware county

6,000

«.000

-3

en
>

88

REPORT OF THE

DISTRIBUTION BROOFv TROIT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

1900.

April 9 J. M. Tl;.nii,s.in. .

9 J. S, Beeiem

9 J. W. I^iininger, ..

9 J. H. M. ik

[> C. II. M-ek

9 H. II. 11- tTinaii. .

9 J. W. Kill-y, ...

9 Frank H luslmlder.

IS C. E. HeiikK-y, ...

18 B. L. PcflVr,

18 J. L. Martin, ...

IS R. H. Thomas, .Jr.

18 J. L. Brandt

IS l" <'. OaidntT, ...

Is II. K. Nissley, ...

18 J. W. Basband, ...

Ai-nl Is V. H. WeiFtling. .

]*« W. R. Dt*n.hey, .

IS J. B. Fi.Hhor

IS A. R..at,

18 J. A\ . While

]s G. C. P. nt,

IS J. H. n..lt.in

]v ,• p Ti.hi!,k

Is P. !•: I'lmh

is r. w. «',\>.rt. ...

May 3 A. H-at

?. i: M. 11 u-hold. r,

3 A. F. Brandt, ....

3 H. A. I>ill

3 H. B. Harri-

3 R. J. Wall.

Ajiril 24 IM Ilutrhinson,

r,.st..nK>> Address.

< '.trii.-l.', < 'uinh'rlaiid cnuniy, ..
< 'aili^^lf. c "iinilit'rlnnd (.ounty, ..
«, arli.-^lf. ('unjlK'rland county, ..
riainfu'ld, Cinuh'Tlanil rniinty,
i'arlJsli', Cumlioiland cpunty, ..
I'iuinlifM. (.'unilniland county.
I'lainfield. Cuniht'i land i unty.
.\'\vv;l!.'. < 'ii!iil..> land cnunty,
r.arnitz, CuniVi<rlan 1 cnunty, .
n.iriiit/.. ( 'utnlx'iland county. .
r.arnitz, < 'uinli.rland i. .unty. .
Mfi hanii'-.:bu!'u- < ''iif.li.! I.ind i-,,.
.M'-i'li;miis]iuru:'. ('umlnrland I'.i.
?d"i iianiisl'i"-^.-^ < 'uinli.-rlatid vi
rnif 'Iriix,. Fi;rna( (', I'uinMM i
i'iuv (Jrnv.' Fiiriia. f. ('unibrd >

] r irrisliurLT, li,mi>lu!i ciiuntN'. .

Harrisbun-', r>,ni]ihin (nunty, ,

llai ri; buiu, nauidiin i, nnt\-. ,

Hai ' isl'iii'i^. I»au|i|'i!i ..,unt\-, ,

iiaiiisbnrc Maiiidiiii inimty. ,

i fan i-bu?-L:. PaupJiin i..iinty, ,

llai ; i-burir, I'auphin .-.lunty, ,

Harrisbur:'. Dauphin <-..u!ity, ,

H.ii;i<bnrir. Ii.aiiphiu tiaiiity,

*

i larris'iurK. l>auribin i-ounty, ,

IlinislMiiir, l)au|ihin inunty, .

I iitri-bui-fi-. I>aup1iin i-.innty,
t lii! ri-burtr. l>aupbin (■dnnty,

i lariisbur.LT. l^inphin ci.unty, ,

II irrisbiuir. Daujibin c.iunty,
Ilarrisliurg, DatJphin i-punty,

Kadnnr, P>'l;i\v.irt' cMintv,

No. shipped. Total.

1,000
I.Chh)
l,0<i'i

] JH O

1 , 0«'irt
] . ' " 'J
l.OTO

l,On..

1,000

],,„.
1.'-'

l.n.u
\.' ■ '>

] ,,.M.

1 '" ' '

..l"

Cm A

HMl

nno

fitiO

(,( i»

n.niio

f .( lO

-a
w

tn

>

18.000

fi mo

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

j^o. 18. FISH COMMISSIONERS.

DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

89

Postoflice Address.

No. shipped. Total.

1900.

April 9 Geo. T... Egler, .

9 P. M. Snider, ...

9 I. A. Coon

9 D. H. Hoon

9 J. P. Loucks, ..

9 M. J. Byrnes, ...

9 W. W. Slymlst,

>••«■••

April 9 John Funk, .

9 G. B. Daniels,

9 H. L. SIpes, .

9 D. J. Mellott,

Waynesboro, Franklin county, ...
Waynesboro, Franklin county, ...
Waynesboro, Franklin county, ...
Waynesboro, Franklin county, ...

Mont Alton, Franklin county

Mont Alton, Franklin county

Mont Alton, Franklin county

McConnellsburg, Fulton county, .
McConnellsburg, Fulton county, .
McConnellsburg. Fulton county, .
Big Cove Tannery, Fulton county.

May 1 P. S. H. Cleckener,

1 F. W. Cleckener, ..

1 R. C. Drum

1 J. Stout

Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,

Thnrnhur«t, Lackawanna county,

Thornhurst , I^cka wanna county,

Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,

1 H. C. Drum I Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,

1 C. Heller j Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,

1 C. H. Eschenbach, Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,

1 Jacob Knecht, ...

1 F. Knecht

1 Frank Ledey

1 Thomas Phelps, ..
1 G. R. DuBols, ...
1 A. E. Phelps, ...

1 J. G. Bailer

1 W. J. Bailer

4 G. H. Tryon

4 B. A. Kelly

4 W. H. Walcady,

4 A. L. Patterson,

4 F. W. Calvin, ...

4 E. J. Walker, ...

4 T. C. Coghlan, ..

4 Hugh Muir,

4 J. R. Reynolds, .

Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst. Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, I^ackawanna county.
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Carbondale, Lackawanna county,
Carbondale, Lackawanna county,
Carb«>ndale, Lackawanna county,
Carl>!ndale. Lackawanna county,
<"iiib.!iKlaIe, I^ackawanna county.
Mayfleld, Lackawanna county, ..
I'arlwndale, Lackawanna county,
i ':irlHii\(ialo. Lackawanna county,
carbotulule, lAckawanna county,

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000
1,000
1,000
1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

l.MO

1.000

1,0^X»

1,000

7,000

4,000

i

90

REPORT OF THE

DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

1900.
May

4 Thomas Taylor,

7 Burett VUet,

7 John Rinker

7 J'ifcn Noll

J A, L/earn

7 G. W. Depew

7 Jacob Ralsh

1 Geo. Richardson, . .

7 A. A. Chamber'.ain,

7 Emmor Gersbucher,

7 G. M. Harding,

8 C. Mayer

8 John Schener, Jr., .

S Geo. Therman, ....

8 N. S. Davis

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

Carbondale, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county.
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,
Thornhurst, Lackawanna county,

Clifton, Lackawanna county

Clifton, Lackawanna county

Scranton, Lackawanna county, ..

Seranton, Lackawanna county, ..

Schultzville. Lackawanna county,

Clark's Green, Lackawanna co.,..

April 23 C. C. FranciscoB,
23 J. S. Mumma, ..
23 J. M. Gockley, ..

Marietta. I-^nca.«tPr county.
Marietta, Lancaster county,
Gockley, Lancaster county.

23 A. E. Burkhclder ! Farmersvllle, Lancaster county.

23 J. M. W. Johnstoi;,
23 H. E. Muhlemby, .
23 P. P. Brenemaa. ..

Lancaster, Lancaster county,
Lancaster, Lancaster county,
I.,ancaster, I^ancaster county,

May 2 Rcger Lincoln | Churchtown, Lancaster county,

14 B. J. McGrann Lancaster, Lancaster county, .

14 H. A. Howell,
14 J. P. Bowman,

Lancat=ter, Lancaster county,
Marietta, Lancaster county, .

Allentown, Lehifh county,
Allentown, Lehigh county.

Mar. 13 H. J. T. Good

13 R. A. Gernert,

13 W. F. P. Good i Allentown, Lehigh county,

13 W. A. Wentzel i Allentown, Lehigh county.

13 F. J. Stettler

13 F. WlUinbecher, .

13 L. Mink,

13 T. C. Bltterllng, ..

Allentown, Lehigh county,
Allentown, Lehigh county,
Allentown, Lehigh county,
Allentown, Lehigh county.

l.OOO

1,000

l.OOO

l.OOO

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000
2,000
2,000
l.MO
1,000

s.ooo

4.M0
2.000
2,000
2.000
2.000

l.OW
1.000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000

i,(m

Total.

39.000

22,000

1,000

j4o^ Ig, FISH COMMISSIONERS.

DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

91

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

1900.

April 26 A. Lape,

26 F. Roll

26 A. Kneiss

25 J. R. Coolbach,

26 C. W. Erath. ..
26 H. L. Moore, .
26 W. Deisroth, .
26 H. S. Driggs, .
26 J. B. Driggs, .
26 A. Myers. —

May 14 Ezra L. Yost, .

No. shipped.' Total.

•••••••■•I

Nantlcoke. Luzerne county

Wilkes-Barre. Luzerne county, ..

Alljerts, Luzerne county

Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne county, ..
Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne county, ..
Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne county, ..

Hazleton, Luzrene county

White Haven, Luzerne county, ..
White Haven, Luzerne county, ..
White Haven, Luzerne county, ..
Sugar Loaf. Luzerne county

April 12
12
12
12
12
12
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
■ 20
20
20
20
20
20
20
»

Frank Wernet, . .

J. D. Serfos,

C. Hawk

J. M. Altemos, ...
G. E.Dorsberner,

C. Krome,

John Haney

W. S. Harpr, ....
S. S. Harps

E. R. Walff

A. Harps

J. A. Fetherman,

M. G. Sellers, ..

W. T. Sellers, ..

M. K. Smith, ...

H. A. Sellers, ...

E. R. Henry, ...

W. J. Sellers

W^ H. Hughes. ..

E. Hayert

F. R. Ash

J. A. Canlgan,
W. D. Cobb, ...
J. Kisterboch, ..

i B. Ernst

1.000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

l.OOO

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

Effort, Monroe county l.OOO

Effort, Monroe county l.OOO

Effort. Monroe county It 000

Effort, Monroe county 1.000

Effort, Monroe county 1.M0

i:fCnrt, Monroe county 1.000

Pnydersville, Monroe county, 1.000

Snydersville, Monroe county, 1,000

Snydersville, Monroe county l.OOO

Snydersville. Monroe county 1,000

Snydersville, Monroe county, l.OW

Snydersville, Monroe county, 1,000

Parkside. Monroe county 1.000

Parkside, Monroe county 1.000

Parkside, Monroe county 1,000

Parkside, Monroe county 1,000

Parkside. Monroe county, 1,000

Parkside, Monroe county 1. 000

Parkside, Monroe county 1,000

Parkside, Monroe county 1,000

Parkside, Monroe county 1.000

' I'arkside, Monroe county. 1,000

P.nrkslde, Monroe county 1.000

Parkside, Monroe county 1.000

Enst Stnnidsburg. Monro*' ounty. 1,000

11,000

92

REPORT OF THE

DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

1900.
April 25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
23
25
25
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
30
30

Postoffice Address.

M. S. Apple East Stroudsburg, Monroe county,

H. Tuspening, .Mcir.shall's Creek, Monroe county,

W. S. Apple, ' East Stroudsburg, Monroe county,

H. Li. Davids, j East Stroudsburg, Monroe county.

W. A. Flanagan, ..

J, G. Brooks,

J. M Brown

E, F. Flanagan, ...
Jas. N. Flanagan, .

T. R. Sypler

C. Zimmerling

W. J. Price, .

A. Price,

M. D. Price,

Leroy Price

Bert. Brodheart,

Pete Llese

James Brown,

••••••• I

East Stroudsburg, Monroe county.
East Stroudsburg, Monroe county.
East Stroudsburg, Monroe county.
East Stroudsburg, Monroe county.
East Stroudsburg, Monroe county,

Cresco, Monroe county,

Cresco, Monroe county

Cresco, Monroe county

Canadensis, M'^nroe county,

Canadensis, Monroe county,

Canadensis, Monroe county,

Canadensis, Monroe county,

Canadensis, Monroe county

Canadensis, Monroe county,

H. C. Ijaure j Canadensis, Monroe county,

I
W. P. Thompson, j Canadensis, Monroe county,

i

D.B.James Cresco, Monroe county, ...

B. L. Douredo\v«>r, ' Cresco, Monroe county, ...

E. A. Selllez Cresco, Monrt>e county, ...

W. Bates, Cresco, Monroe county, ...

Abe Newhart

Robt. Deter,

C. Rader,

Reuben N^whost,

Geo. Dyson

Josh. Warner, ...
Thomas Miller, ..
Isaac Stauffer, ..,
N. S. Brittain, .
David P. Ayars,
S. B. Sturdevant,
W. B. Eastou, ..
I. S. Caae

Houser Mill, Monroe county

Houser Mill, Monroe county

Houser Mill, Monroe county,

Houser Mill, Monroe county

Houser Mill, Monroe county

Houser Mill, Monroe county,

Houser Mill, Monroe county

Houser Mill, Monroe county

Houser Mill, Monroe county

Houser Mill, Monroe oounty

Houser Mill, Monroe county

Tobyhanna Mills, Monroe county,
Tobyhanna Mills, Monroe county.

1,000

1,000

1,000

l.OOO

1,000

1,000

l.OOO

1.000

1.000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1.000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

9,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

l.OM

1 1

1

No. shipped, i Total.

No. le.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

Postoffice Address.

1900. I I

April 30 John Lynch Tobyhanna Mills. Monroe county,

30 C. Schneider Tobyhanna Mills, Monroe county,

30 W H. Case, Tobyhanna Mills, Monroe county,

i
30 J. L. Seep, | Tobyhanna Mills, Monroe county,

30 W. J. Hochrine i Tobyhanna Mills, Monroe county.

30 Li. a. Smith,
30 E. Li. Stours,
30 T. M. Lynch,

Tobyhanna Mills, Monroe county,
Tobyhanna Mills, Monroe county,
Tobyhanna Mills, Monroe county.

30 W. Sebrlng, Mt. Pocono, Monroe county,

30 W. K. Labar Mt. Pocono, Monroe county,

30 G. B. Williams, ..

30 A. Fallweiler

30 C. Brown

30 Peter Warner, ...

30 E. Singer

80 E. Smith

30 J. Passinger

30 C. Warner

3C E. E. Hooker, ...

30 E. E. Hooker, Jr.

30 Geo. J. Fansun, .

30 J. R. Fansun, ...

30 E. C. Smith, ....

Tannersvllle, Monroe county,

Tannersville, Monroe county,

Tannersvllle, Monroe county,

Tannersvllle, Monroe county,

Tannersvllle, Monroe county,

Tannersvllle, Monroe county,

Mt. Pocono, Monroe county,

Mt. Pocono, Monroe county,

Mt. Pocono, Monroe county,

Mt. Pocono, Monroe county,

Mt. Pocono, Monroe county,

Mt. Pocono, Monroe county,

Mt. Pocono, Monroe county,

30 C. Miller, I Mt. Pocono, Monroe county,

Houser Mill. Monroe county,
Blakeslee, Monroe county.

May 7 Moses D. Miller,
7 John Shuler, —

7 Ralph Warner | Houser Mill, Monroe county.

Houser Mill, Monroe county,
Shawnee, Monroe county, ...
Stroudsburg, Monroe county,
Stroudsburg, Monroe county,

7 C. S. Butler,

7 A. Trelble, .

8 C. Benzonl,
8 H. Marsh, ..

n

No, shipped. Total.

April 3 J. S. Hartranft, ..
3 H. H. Buckwalter,
3 C. W. Tangaker, ,

H. E. Root, ...
W. M. Hobart.

Pottstown, Montgomery county,
Pottstown, Montgomery county,
Pottstown, Montgomery county,
Pottstown, Montgomery county,
Pottstown, Montgomery county.

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

l.OOO

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,0<K)

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

l.OOO

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000
1.000
1,000
1,000
1,000

i

101,000

94

REPORT OF THE

DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

April 6 S. D. Rltter,

6 John Shick,

6 J. A. Grisslnger, ..

6 Robert Totter

6 R. J. Baker

6 F. I. Kllnker,

6 A. L. Shlmer, ....

6 H. A. Burkhart, .,

6 O. A. Conradl, ....

e C. H. Gross

6 H. H. Dash

t H. D. Desh

6 A. B. Levari

6 M. C. Luckenbach,

6 H. A. Groman

6 C. Li. Bavvon,

6 J. P. Medernach, .

6 W. N. Scott

6 O. C. Snyder

6 L.. W. Snyder

10 J. D. Schafer

12 C. Smith,

12 A. T. Pearson, ...

12 G. W. WllllamB, .

12 J. A. Eley

Date.

Name.

•

Postofflce Address. No.

shipped. Total.

1900.

April 3
3

Ppter Konetzks

Pottstown Montgomery county, ..

1,000

D. K. March,

Pottstown, Montgomery county, ..

1,000

3

M. M. Missimer, Jr

Pottstown, Montgomery county, ..

1,000

3

Pottstown Fish and Game

Association

Pottstown Montsomery county. ..

8,000

24

O. F. Zurn,

L,ansdale, Montgomery county, ...

1,000

24

R. G. Fretz

Hatboro, Montgomery county

1,000

21

I. G. Griffith

W. Conshohocken, Montgom'y co..

1,000

May 2

Norrlstown Fish and Game

Association

Norristown, Montgomery county,
Norrlstown, Montgomery county.

8.000

S

N. H. Browne

3,000

Freemansburg, Northampton co., 1,000

Freemansburg, Northampton co., 1,000

Freemansburg, Northampton co., 1,M0

Freemansburg, Northampton co., 1,000

Freemansburg, Northampton co., l.MO

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bttlilehem, NorthamptDn county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county. 1,0<W

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Bethlehem, Northampton county, 1,000

Danlelsville, Northampton county, 1,000

Bath, Northampton county, 1,000

Bath, Northampton county 1,000

Wind Gap, Northampton county, . 1,000

Wind Gap, Northampton county, , 1,000

30,000

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONER^.
DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

IS

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped. Total.

liKiO.

April 12 J. E. Ganis vVind Gap, Northampton county,

12 M. Werner Wind Gap, Northampton county,

12 J. J. Delp Wind Gap. Northampton county

12 J. D. Frantz,

12 T. Ackerman

Wind Gap, Northampton county, .

Bangor, Northampton county, ....

12 L.. B. Camden | Bangor. Northampton county

12 S. Costenbader 1 Hellertown, Northampton county.

Hellertown, Northampton county.

12 H. D. Heller,

April 17 A. S. Fisher, ...

17 W. A. Marshall,

17 Ira Kllnger

17 D. Kaseman, ...

17 A. G. Goodwill.

17 E. T. Borghner,

17 M. J. Brenna^,

Cable, Northumberland county. .
Shamokin, Northumberland co.,.
Shamokin, Northuml>erland co.,.
Shamokin, Northumberland <».,.
Shamokin, Northumberland co.,,
Shamokin, Northumberland co..

Shamokin, Northumberland co.,..

17 C. F. Hath Shamokin, Northumberland co.,..

17 C. A. Barron J Shamokin. Northumberland co.,..

17 B. B. Smith ' Shamokin, Northumberland co.,..

17 C. D. Felix, Shamokin, Northumberland co.,..

17 H. H. Kaseman Shamokin, Northumberland co.,..

I

I

April 2 Robert Robinson Roxborough. Philadelphia county.

t M. A. Smith Philadelphia, Philadelphia co.. ..

2 F. W. Cornman Manayunk, Philadelphia county,

2 N. Kuhn Roxborough, Philadelphia county.

2 E. P. Alburger Manayunk, Philadelphia county. .

t G. K. Hardman Philadelphia, Philadelphia co.. ..

2 C. S. Keely Roxborough, Philadelphia county,

2 M. Metzler Manayunk, Philadelphia county...

2 J. Metzler Manayunk, Philadelphia county,..

2 J. H. Gullatl .Manayunk, Philadelphia county,..

Manayunk, Philadelphia county,..
Manayunk, Philadelphia county...

2 C. A. Zudan Roxborough, Philadelphia county,

2 J. Brown Manayunk. Philadelphia county...

I I M. W. Kerkealager, j Manayunk, Philadelphia county,..

% J. A. Allen

2 H. P. Kerkeslager,

1,000

1,000

1,000

l.OOO

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

l.OOO

l.OOO

1.000

1,000

1,000

i.(m

l.OOO
1.000
1.000
1.000
1,000
1,000

33.000

12,000

96

REPORT OF THE

DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY -Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

1900.
April 2,
2

H Freedman

Maiiayunk, Philadelphia county,..
Manayunk, I'hiladelphia county...
Manayunk, Philadelphia county,..
Manayunk, Philadelphia county,..
Philadelphia, Philadelphia co. , ..
Manayunk, Philadelphia county,..
Philadelphia, I'hiladelphia co., ..
Philadelphia, Philadelphia co., ..
Philadelphia, Philadelphia co., .,
I'hiladelphia, Philadelphia co., ..

T H. Ashton

2

F L. Irvin

2

C W Klauder

2

S D Thonton

2

W A Flanaeran

24

Cifn "Welshrod

24
24

W. C. O'Neill,

J. M. Liinele

24

F N Doxon

No. shipped.

24 R. F. Wood,

May 4

April 11
11
U
11

F. J. McGuire,

I'hiladelphia, Philadelphia co. ,

Glen Eyer, Pike county,

W. R. Kleckner,
W. H. Sowers, .
A. Shappell, ...
J. F. Moore

11 A. Peiffer,

11

E. F. Shappell

11 B. Shappell

11 S. Buehler,

11 S. Siegfried,

11 J. Klllian

11 Cyrus Sheetz,

11 E. G. Hoover

11 J. H. Hoover

11 H. B. Bartholomew,

11 Joseph Hahner, ....

11 P. V. Wynkoop

11 F. C. Palmer

11 M. Sullivan

11 A. BoUck

I
11 D. Miles

11
17

A. Mayers

Ashland Fish & Gun As-
sociation

Hecla, Schuylkill county

Hecla, Schuyikill county

Adamsdale, Schuylkill county, —
Minersville, Schuylkill county, ..

Auburn, Schuylkill county,

Schuylkill Haven, Schuylkill co.,
Schuylkill Haven, Schuylkill co.,
Schuylkill Haven, Schuylkill co. ,
Schuylkill Haven, Schuylkill co.,
Schuylkill Haven, Schuylkill co.,

Pottsville, Schuylkill county

Pottsville, Schuylkill county

Pottsville, Schuylkill county,

Pottsville, Schuylkill county

Pottsville, Schuylkill county

Pottsville, Schuylkill county,

Pottsville, Schuylkill county

Gordon, Schuylkill cuinty,

Gordon, Schuylkill county

Gordon. Schuylkill county

Gordon, Schuylkill county

A.«hland, Schuylkill county,

1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
l.OOO
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

Luo*)

1,000

LOW

1,000

l.OW

1.000

1,M0

1.000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,M0

1,000

1,000

1,000

6.000

Total.

26,000

1,000

I

l-H

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY-Continued.

97

I>ate. Name.

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

1

1

Total,

1900.

April 17 J. Hauwoenstine,

Locust Dale, Schuylkill county.

1,000

17 A. J. Kehler

Locust Dale, Schuylkill county,

1,000

17 Geo. Snyder.

Locust Dale, Schuylkill county,

1,000

17 E. B. Leitzel

Locust Dale, Schuylkill county.

1,000

17 E. K. Rltteman

locust Dale. Schuylkill county.

l.OOO

17 Geo. Spencer

Ashland, Schuylkill county, ....

1,000

18 H. Houser

Tamaqua, Schuylkill county, ...

1.000

18 A. W. Hostwig

Tamaqua, Schuylkill county

1,000

18 J. Rice

Tamaqua, Schuylkill county

1.000

IS J. K. P. Schufley

Tamaqua. Schuylkill county

l.OOO

18 G. W. Ketner

f)r\vi^'sburg. Schuylkill county,.

1,000

IS Gwyn W. Ketner

OrwlgsburK. Schuylkill county,.

1,000

18 R. B. Llnder

OrwlRsburg, Schuylkill county, .

3,000

23 J. H. Dunkelburger

Hngins. Schuylkill county

1.000

23 H. O. Haair

Tremont. Schuylkill county, ....

3,000

23 J. Laux

Tremont, Schuylkill county, ....

3.000

May 2 Samuel Beard

Tamaqua. Schuylkill county,

3,000

14 J. M. Gray

r-.rt Carbon. St huylkill county,

2,000

51,000

1

May 9 J. F. Keller

P.eaver Sprlnjs?s. Snyder county, .•

1,0(10

9 P. H. Kneff.

Beaver Si>rings, Snyder county, .

1.0<T0

9 A. Moyer

Heaver Pprin.tjs. Snyder county.

1.000

9 F. J. Wasenseller

.^ii'lins-Rrove. Snyder county

1.000

9 H. E. Miller

S.ljnsK'rcive, Snyder county

1.000

y F. C. Kautz

.'-Minsffr.ive, Snyder county,

l.OOO

9 D. N. App,

S'lini-q:rnve, Snyder county

1.000

9 I. G. Seller

S linst,Move. Snyder county

1,000

9 6. W. Long

Pcliiisunnf", Snyder ounty

1.000

9 H. F. Wagenseller

St^IinsKr-'ve. Snyder county

1.000

9 J. F. Harley

Splfns.^rove. Snyder county

1,000

9 D. S. .Sholly

Scllnsurnvr'. Snyder county

1,000

9 J. B. Arbogast

Sellnsgrove, Snyder county

1.000

9 J. H. Ulsh

Senn.<!£rrove. Snyder county

1.000

9 L. J. Tjamberson

SellnsRrnve, Snyder county

1,000

9 G. C. Wagenseller,

9 F. E. Specht,

1 1

?elinsgrove. Snyder county

1.000

Roavertnwn, Snyder county

l.OOO

tt AAA

T— IS— 1000

No. 18.

W

w

I — I

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

97

Date.

Name.

P'l.'^tollii-,. Address.

1900.

April 17 .1. Hainv^.-nsthu. .'t u^t I>al.^ p.huylkiU ..uunty,

17 A. J. Kel.I.T ,.,„„^t p.^,.. sihuylkill <-,,unty,

IT <;.-,. Snyd.T ,^,,.„,t ,,,^,., s !mylkill .nunty,

'* '■'■ '" '""^^^'■' l-'n.t l.al.., >huy!kill county,

17 K. K. Ritt.-man ,..„,,., ,„,,. <,.Huylkill ....unty.

17 a.u. Sn.n^er A>liland. S- lu.ylkill cmnty. ...

1^ IT. n,uj.<or Taniaqu:., .^.huylkill .-..unty. ..

1^ A. W. Il.stui^, T.n, lua. S. huylkiU cdinty. ..

'^ ■'■ '^""*'' Tain.. .Ilia, S.hinlkill .- inty, ..

1^ J. K. P. P..hnfley. Tama-.n., S. lu.ylkill -..nty. ..

'' ""■''' ^'^•■'"- -r.i,^l,u:.. ..luylk.l ..„„nt.,

1^ .:uy„u-. K.tn.T ..,u,.. .. . in.vlkiil ...unty

'^ •'■ "• ^'''''^'■' ..-ui_.-.„n., S,hnyn<ill ...unty

'■ ■' "■ I^U"kelhur^..r Hum.. S,!,-,v;kiII ,unty.

'■ "■ '•■ "'^^'^ :,.n..o,t. S.huylkili , ,untv,

i ■•(!;. It. >i huylkill c.inity

May 2 Sammd B.-ard T,,n:..,na. S huvlkiU ,,nnty.

'' ' '' '='■«>■ I ' ■■■- • S.lM.ylkMI. .un,y.

May fi J r, K. li.r ',...,, ^, , , .

9 r. 11. Kn»-ff .•,..<., . ,

:- .\. Mi.ver . . ,

• ■ ' ^-i ;;,--, Mnd.-i- - . nity,

• ^ •' W;,u..ns.MU.r .. lM,..r ^.^ Hnyd.-r , ..nty

;* 11 i- Min.r < ,,,^_, , w. , .. , ,,,,,^.

•• '»^ >^- Ai. ,■ ,,..-._r. V.., Six ],,■ ^ .H,M

;' 1 <; .- . .

• > ■ . »it \',

!• <; W, I.,,rm ^ 1 . ^. ,

:■ H I', \Va^..n^,.l|..r <,^;,. . , .......

■' ' '" H^"'l">' s..:i.;^,r a,. S.n.t..,- ,,,„„tv.

:' 1 '. S Sh-lly s ' • . s. X 1, -

■' •'■ '*■ Arh..ua- -.lin^.:r..s. Snyd-r .-unty

■' •'■ " l''^»' <.-...,..„„ .,,.,,., ^.,„„^.

:• I. ,1 l.ainlH.rs,)n «■!:• ■ S"\.l.- '^:t^■

■' '■ •' "^Va,-. ,is,.ll,.r s.-iinstrr..x- Pnyd. - ^^ .iinty, .._

■' '■ '■■ ^i ht. ,, ,,... -^.^.,r^.^^,, Sr,yd. r rnuntv

No. shipped.

1 , 1''iO
l,Ow
1 , *"" iO

1 , Ow

1 . ''m
1, '""•
1 ' ". * '

1,11(0
1 i" 'I

l.OOO

1.0' '0
1.000

1.1. 0
3,fMir»

1 iH.n
1.1 -

l.n,„,

].,,,,

1 a
1 , 1'l 'I
1 . *^."^rt

1 , r. A

1 .-, A
1.1.1.
1 . fi. A

1 . r. A

l.WA

1 , nr^i
1 . o.v>
l.niio

1 , o<x»

Total.

^l.M.)

IT. MO

7 IS l!M)0

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

98

REPORT OF THE

DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Off. Doc.

Date.

Name.

1900.

May 4 F. H. Barnes, ..

8 A. Custlce

8 N. Roach

8 H. H. Fordham,

8 H. H. Fordham,

8 W. A. Cooley, .

8 G. E. Woodruff,

8 C. F. Watrous, .

8 W. W. Smith, .

8 Geo. T. Laws, .

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

May

Susquehanna, Susquehanna co., ..
Hart Lake, Susquehanna county.

Tiffany, Susquehanna county,

Montrose, Susquehanna county, ..
Montrose, Susquehanna county, ..
Montrose, Susquehanna county, ..
Montrose, Susquehanna county, ..
Montrose, Susquehanna county, ..
Montrose, Susquehanna county, ..
Ell\ Lake, Susquehanna county, ..

9 S. H. Si.tzer, .. Mifflinburg,

9 Aaron Klose Mifflinburg,

9 J. S. Boob Mifflinburg,

9 G. L. Relsh Mifflinburg,

I

9 M. G. Reed Mifflinburg,

9 P. B. Gutelius, Mifflinburg,

9 D. B. Moss Mifflinburg,

9 J. P. Strlckler, Mifflinburg,

9 H. B. Young Mifflinburg,

9 H. M. Wolf, Mifflinburg,

9 J. V. Rule, ...

9 C. H. Dimson,

9 J. M. Sales, ...

9 H. C. Boner, .

9 James Beaver,

9 H. A. Gast. ...

Mifflinburg,
Mifflinburg,
Mifflinburg,
Mifflinburg,
Mifflinburg,
Mifflinburg,

Union county,
Union county.
Union county.
Union county.
Union county.
Union county,
Union county.
Union county.
Union county,
Union county,
Union county.
Union county.
Union county,
Union county.
Union county.
Union county.

May

1 G. Fritz

1 W. L. Harvey,

1 H. Frlebole, ..

1 F. D. Waltz. .

GoulilsiVioni, Wayne county, ...
Giiuldsboro, Wayne county, ...
Gouldsboro, Wayne county, ...
Newfoundland, Wayne county.

1 M. L. Havey Gouldsboro, Wayne county.

1 Geo. Fritz,

4 Geo. S. Spun gen,
4 O. M. Spllligen, .

Gouldsboro, Wayne co mty,
Honesdale, Wayne county, .
Honesdale. Wayne county. .

4 W. H. Hulsizer Ilnnosdale. Wayne county,

1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1.000
1,000

i,m>
i,(m

1,000
1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

l.MO

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

l.MO

1,000

1,000
1.000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000

Total.

10.000

16,000

No. lb.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
DISTRIBUTION BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

Postofflce Address.

1900.

May 4 C. Burgman Honesdale, Wayne county

4 S. Burgman Honesdale, Wayne county,

4 S. Morrison Honesdale, W'ayne county

4 Gilbert White , Honesdale, W^ayne county

4 Stephen Burgman j Honesdale, Wayne county

4 J. H. Welch, Honesdale, W^ayne county

8 E. W. Waltz, i Honesdale, Wayne county

8 D. B. Smith ^ Newfoundland, Wayne county,

8 J. W. Buhn I Newfoundland, Wayne county,

8 S. T. Palmer I Hawley. Wayne county

Tilden. York county, ...
Woodbine, York county,

May 14 D. M. Gotwalt

14 I H. Ross

14 E. Ness ^^d Lion, York county,

14 H. Grimm ^ed Lion, York county,

14 W. Bailey ^^^d Lion, York county,

14 T. Neff

14 D. A. Frey,

14 Samuel Arnold,

14 P. F. Schwenk Windsor. York county, ...

14 B. F. Beard Wrightsvllle, York county,

14 C. M. Kerr, Wrlghtsville, York county.

Red Lion, York county,
Windsor, York county, .
\Vlndsor, York county, .

14 H. P. Kerr, .
14 1 H. Q. Reeves,

Wrightsvllle, York county,
.Tacobus. York county, —

DISTRIBUTION OF ATLANTIC SALMON.

1900

April 27 Honesdale. Wayne county.

GO Hawley, Wayne county, ..

May 10 Honesdale, Wayne county,

June 8 Hawley, Wayne county, ...

1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1.000
1,000
1.000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,0<K)

1.000

1.000

1,000

70,fW0
70,000
65,000
35.164

99

No. shipped. \ Total.

19,000

13,000

140.164

h

100

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

I

BRISTOL STATION.

REPORT OF JOHN P. CREVELING, SUPERINTENDENT.

Commissioners of Fisheries:

Oentlemen: I herewith have the honor to present my annual report
of the operations at the Bristol Station. Taking into consideration
the hampered means of the Commission, I consider that the results
of the work have been higlily satisfactory. Previous to the formal
opening of the hatchery, I paid a visit to it and got things into shape.
I found that the smoke stack had been blown down during the winter
by the heavy winds, and this 1 had repaired at once. I, however,
caused an entirely different arrangement to be made. Instead of a
stiff and uniform smoke stack, I altered it so that it can be readily
uncoupled whenever it is desired, and in order to prevent rain
water from entering the hole, had a hood fastened to that part of
the pipe below the roof so that water cannot now enter the hole.
When the work was over for the season, I took the outside stack
down and placed it away inside of the Station, where it will remain
safely until next season. The grate of the boiler was burned out
and I was, therefore, compelled to order another from the manu-
facturer.

I was also offered a perfectly good lubricator for the pump, at
a very low price, and as this contrivance would make a great saving
in money, I purchased it. Beyond this it was not necessary to
make any changes. The house is perfectly sound, the tanks in
perfect order and the tables and wooden apparatus in perfect shape.

I opened the house for work on May 2d, and started the boilers
and work with the usual force of men, namely, two engineers, two
spawn takers, one messenger and myself.

The following day the first eggs were taken, 726,000 in number.
On the 8th, I received from the United States Fish Commission
steamer Fish Hawk, 1,060,000 eggs, the first of several consign-
ments, aggregating 6,060,000. The total take of eggs by our own
spawn takers was 17,800,000, making a total of 23,869,000, somewhat
less than last vear. but then in addition to those received from the

'

100

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

BRISTOL STATION.

KEPUKT OF JOHN P. CKKVKLIXG, SUPEIUXTENDENT.

Coinnus^i«»m*r8 of Finhcric!^:

(U'lillcinoii: 1 lu n-witli have the lionor to present my annual report
of the operations at the IJrisiel SiatH»n. Taking into consideration
the luiinpered njeaiis el' the ( 'onimission. I eonsuh^r tliat the results
of the wnik liave heen hiulily sat isfartory. Previous to the formal
openin.u of the hatchery, I paid a visit to it and jxot thinj^js into shape.
I found that i)h' smeke stack had heen bh)\vn down during the winter
hv the h.eavv winds, and tliis I had reimired at once. I. however,
caused an entirely itilVerent arrangement to be made. Instead of a
stin and uniform snntke sia.k. T altered it so that it can be readily
uncoupled whenever it is d«'sir«'d. and in order to prevent rain
water from .'iitering the hoh'. had a hood fastened to that part of
the pii>e below the roof so that water cannot now enter the hob*.
When the wm-k was over fc»r the season. 1 to«d< the outside stack
down and j.laced it away inside of tin- illation, where it will remain
safely until next season. The grate of the boiler was burned out
and T was. therefore, compelled to older another from the nianu-

facturei*.

I was also olTered a perfectly good lubricator for the pump, at
a \ov\ low price, and as this eontrivance would mak«» a great saving
in money. I pur -based it. P»eyond this it was not necessary to
make any changes. The house is perfectly sound, the tanks in
perfect ord<>r and the tables and W(»oden apparatus in perfect sha])e.

1 opencMl the hous.' for work on May 2d. and started the boilers
and work with the usual force of nuMi. namely, two engineers, two
spawn takers, one messenger and myself.

The following day the first eggs were takcMi. 720.000 in number.
On th(^ stli. T received from the Ignited States Fish Commission
steamer Fish Hawk. 1.000.000 eggs, the first of several consign-
ments, aggiegating 0.000.000. The total take of eggs by (Uir own
spawn takers was 17..^00.000. making a total of 23.800.000. somewhat
less than last vear, but then in addition to those received from the

t
r.

V.

c

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

Nu. IS.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

101

Fish Hawk, several million eggs were transferred to the Bristol
Station from the United States Fish Commission's battery at Havre

de Grace, Md.

The run of fish in the Delaware river this year was enormous,
nothing like it was ever before known in the history of the river,
and the run of the previous year was considered phenomenal. If
there had been boats enough it would have been impossible for me
to have housed all the eggs that could have been gathered after the
first few days, as it was, the house was full much of the time. The
spawn takers were worked to their utmost and at times the catch
was so heavy that the spawn takers did not have time to thoroughly
take the eggs, so that a large proportion of them when put in the
jars did not hatch. No doubt a sudden change in the temperature
of the water about the middle of the season caused an added diffi-
cultv in properly caring for the eggs, but the main trouble was the
fact' that we were badly handicapped for the lack of a sufficient
number of spawn takers!^ On account of this shortage of this class
of men, I was unable to take advantage of a very good offer of
Mr. Rice, who fishes the Plum Point Fishery, where we would have
had plenty of time to properly care for and fertilize what eggs he
had. I was for this reason alone reluctantly compelled to let these
eggs go and confine myself exclusively to the Fauuce Fishery, this
fishery being much larger. H I had had two more spawn takers,
1 could have secured these eggs from the Plum Point Fishery, and
perhaps from some of the larger gilh^rs in the immediate neighbor-
hood on very advantageous terms, and in addition been able to take
more eggs from the Faunce Fishery. Even with the restricted ca-
pacity of the house as it is now arranged, if I could have had two
more' men, I could j.robably have doubled the output with an addi-
tional cost of only about f lOO.OO for labor.

In my shad hatching woik at Bristol, I also greatly feel the need of
a launch. If I had such a craft, as soon as the last haul of shad was
made, I could have the pans sent aboard and start for the hatchery,
having access to the water all the way, changing water whenever
desirable, to the great benefit of the eggs. I could also have the men
picked up on the way, who were working among the gillers, and the
eggs would reach the hatchery in better condition with less loss.
Moreover, after the first cost of the craft, the expense of conveying the
eggs from the fisheries to the hatchery would be greatly lessened,
''under the present conditions, it costs considerable to take the eggs
from Riverton to Burlington. The cost of a round trip ticket is
forty-cents; this makes the daily cost for two men eighty-six cents
daily or |4 30 a week. When the eggs are taken in quantity, there
is an additional expense of from fifty cents to one dollar a day for
helpers to carry the eggs from the fishery to the train at Riverton

102

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

and again from the train at Burlington to the boat in which the takers
and eggs are conveyed to the hatchery. To be exact, this expense for
the season was P5.41). I paid for the eggs taken throughout the
season, |17S.09. If the commission owned a huinch I am satisfied
it would not cost anything like pr».00 for running the launch with
fuel. But what is more important if there was a launch, the eggs
would not only be better taken care of but the spawn takers could
handh? a greater quantity of eggs on each trip, and their efficiency
therefore augmented.

The Station needs a new coat of paint on the outside. With the
exception of the roof, no paint has been put on the structure since
it was erected.

I would suggest that the Commission add about thirty jars to the
station's eipiipment. The station has a capacity for one hundred
and twenty, but there are now but ninety-two jars in the house. On
several occasions last spring all these ninety-two jars were crowded
to their fullest capacity and at the very time this occurred, the
United States made tenders of large quantities of eggs, which I was
reluctantly forced to decline. To understand what could be done
with the additional jars I might say that the ninety-two jars should
empty themselves every week, hatching in this time about 12,000,000
little shad. If these jars are kept constantly filled, there would be
hatched from them during the season about 00,000,000 shad. In
tonsequence, if the jais were increased to the full capacity of the
house, when the great rush comes, the additional jars would probably
give the GO.000,000 shad even' without the additional spawn takers.
With the additional spawn takers the output would be very much
larger, with only about |100 increase in salaries and the added cost
of |10 a million eggs.

The following is the account of the distribution of fry:

The above is respectfully submitted.

J. P. CREVELING,
Superintendent of Bristol Station

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

BRISTOL STATION.

DISTRIBUTION OF SHAD FRY.

103

1900. I

May 12 Delaware river, at LambartvlUe 600,000

15 Delaware river, at Lambertville. ••••• 600,000

15 Delaware river, at Bristol 600,000

16 Delaware river, at Easton, 600,000

16 Delaware river, at Bristol 200.000

16 Delaware river, at Lambertville 600,000

17 Delaware river, at Water Gap 800,000

17 Delaware river, at Bristol 900,000

18 Delaware river, at Water Gap 700.000

21 Delaware river, at Lambertville 1,200,000

21 Delaware river, at Bristol. 300,000

23 Delaware river, at Water Gap, 800,000

23 Delaware river, at Bristol 300,000

24 Delaware river, at Water Gap 500,000

29 Delaware river, at Easton 700.000

June 1 Delaware river, at Delaware Water Gap. 700. 000

2 Delaware river, at Lambertville, 800,000

3 Delaware river, at Bristol 800,000

4 Delaware river, at Easton 800.000

4 Delaware river, at Lambertville 800,000

4 Delaware river, at Bristol l.WO.OOO

I

14,300,000

104

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

ERIE STATION.

KKPOKT OF A. (J. P.ULLER, SUPERINTENDENT.

Commissioners of Fisheries:

Gentlemen: I have the honor to present this, my second annual
report. After cldhJiiijr the Erie Station last season at the close of the
blue pike season, I removed to Cony, and placed myself under the
orders of my brotluM-, the Superiutendout of the Western Station.
The Erie Station I left in charjie of the boy, Dailey, his duties being
to keep the grounds in order and to prevent injury to the building
bv vandals.

About tin* 5th of October I went to the lake, to make arrangements
for white fish eggs. At Port dinton I succeeded in doing this satis-
factorily. 1 also secured ]uomise of eggs at North 15ass. I remained
at this point, giving jiersonal supervision to the work of taking the
eggs and shii)i»ing them to Erie. From Erie the eggs were sent to
the Western Station for cleaning until the house at that point was
full, and as the eggs canu' with a rush, it was not long before this
was the case. My brolluM-'s assistant was then sent to the Erie
Station with the eggs f<u- hatching, and he remained in charge until
the spawning season was over and I was able to return and assume

charge.

I was unsually fortunate in collecting eggs, securing over 1,100
quarts, the greatest lot ever taken with one exception. These pro-
duced 2(;,7(M),(K)() fry. In addition, I received r>,:i(H),(MH) eggs from the
United States Fish Commissioirs Station at Put In Bay, making in
all :i2,000,000 fry.

The weather tlnoughout the season was very unfavorable for the
taking of white fish eggs. It was warm from the beginning to the
end. The eggs started early and with a great rusli and there was
no let up at any time. This warm weather made it difficult to trans-
poit the eggs safely. At one tinit* there were twenty cans to be
shipjH'd, and these I decided, on account of the high temperature,
to take through myself, instc^id of trusting them to the express mes-
senger. The results showed that it would be better if I could always
do (his. The eggs during transi)ortatinn should be stirred occasion-
ally to kee]) them from ])acking. and this is |iarticularly d(\^irable
during warm weather. The water on the eggs should also be main-

I

Erie Hatchery

N ,. lb;.

FISH COMMISSIONEHS.

105

tained at about the same temperature. The necessity for these
tilings being done is incomprehensible to the ordinary train mes-
senger, and As a conseciuence the eggs must get through as best
they can.

The warm weather also att'ected the eggs adversely after they
reached the hatchery. The temperature of the water rose to a
marked degree and fungus began to appear and also white spot.
Even the eggs taken to Corry were more or less affected. I had
to take the eggs from the jars and sieve them sometimes as often
as thi-ee times a day and regularly twice. This continued until
the holidays. In spite of these ditHculties I managed to hatch about
85 per cent, of the eggs taken.

The eggs began to hatch in the beginning of March, much earlier
than ordinarily on account of the warm weather. Fortunately, it
grew cold after the holidays and remained so until spring.

As usual I planted the fish in Lake p:rie, and to do so this vear
I had to take the cans in sleds over the ice to a point off Four Mile
Creek, about live miles fiom the hatchery. Here I had to cut holes
in the ice and siphon the fry into the water well down under the ice.

It might seem at tirst thought that this would not be good for
the fry, planting (hem so early and under such conditions, but I am
inclined to think (»tlierwise, lucause the water is so cold that the
large fish are not feeding freely and the little creatures have a
chance to grow a little before being subjected to the usual dangers
of fish life and are, iheret'ore, better able to take care of themselves.

As soon as the white fish work was over I closed the house and
went back to Corry to the assistance of my brother, where I re-
mained until just befiue the opening of the i)ike-p(q-ch season. Then
I went to Port Clinton and made my arrangements for a quota of
eggs. From thence 1 went to Toledo, where I made similar ar-
rangements ;nid got them until one of tin emphm'S of the United
States Fish Commission claimed the right to the whole ground at
Toledo. Previously an arrangement had been made with the
United Stiites Fish Commission for an ojjen field for pike-perch
(ggs, but as the employe s])oken of was a new man, and probably
was unaware of this arrangement, and 1 knew that it was the desire
of your Commission to maintain cordial relations with the National
(iovernmeiit Commission. 1 yi<'Uled and kejit entirely to the Port
Clinton grounds.

Of (onrse I was sorry for this, as it was my desire, as I knew it was
thai ol your Commission, to make a big record for the State work,
and my hoju'S were dashed l>y this as well as by tlu^ poorness of the
season. This shnted very lale on account of so much still weather,
that kept tlie ice m the bays to such an extent that the nets could not
be set. When the first fish were taken and for some time thereafter
they were veiy hard and scarcely any rijie eggs were to be secured.

106

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Just as the ripe fish began to run a heavy blow came on, which
damaged the nets and kept the fish from the beds for five days longer.
After this blow followed blow in rapid succession, keeping the
majority of fish otf the entire season, which is short at best. There
is usually not more than one full week of spawning.

The eggs which were taken, however, were fine and I hatched a
fair proportion of the whole. The only misfortune was that I could
only take 531 quarts in all, from which I hatched 23,210,000. The
United States having the same difficulties that I encountered, was
not able to supply any eggs to the Erie Station, as it had done in the
case of the white fish.

The period of incubation was normal and the greatest number of
the fry were planted in Lake Erie. The remainder were deposited in
suitable waters of the State, under the direct supervision of Assist-
ant Hass, of the Western Station. This method of planting pike-
perch in places designated by the Commission is far better and more
effective than the old method of granting applications to people who
have absolutely no knowledge of the requirements of the fish. There
are but few waters in Pennsylvania in which the pike-perch will
thrive and they should not, therefore, be placed on the list of fishes
to be given on application.

About a week after the pike-perch were out of the way, the blue-
pike began to spawn, and I was able to gather 131 quarts producing
7,800,000 fry. These eggs I procured from the gill-net fishermen
at Erie. I had no trouble whatever in getting ripe males and fe-
males at the same time this year as I had last. This is the second
attempt on the part of this Commission to take blue-pike eggs and,
as far as I know, it is not undertaken by other Commissions. Conse
quently, the action has excited much favorable comment on the part
of the fishermen, for the blue-pike is greatly esteemed and as an
industry ranks close behind that of its cousin, the pike-perch. The
fishermen, too, gave a practical illustration of their interest by wait-
ing cheerfully after they had hauled their nets until I had gone care-
fully over the fish for the purpose of stripping the ripe ones. The
eggs all, or nearly all, hatched and the fry planted in the lake.

The Station, which was closed on June 3d, is in good condition
except the tables, which are rapidly rotting and must be renewed or
replaced by something else in the near future. I earnestly renew my
recommendation that thechange be made to the battery system. Under
this one in use the full capacity of the house is 12.") jars. Under the
battery system, nearly 300 jars could be operated without using
any more water than now. and besides doing away once for all
of the damage done by the rust from the iron pipes.

If the Commission had had the battery system in last year, the
output of white fish could have been increased by over 25,000,000,

•'w

106

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Jihst a;s ilie lipe lisli began to run a heavy blow came on, wbich

daniagcd the nets and keju the lish fioni the beds lor five days Ion
After this f)h)\y followed blow in rapid succession, ke
majority of fish off the entire season, which is short at bes
is usually not more than one full weelc of spawning.

o

er.

epiug the

There

Tlie eggs wliich were taken, however, were fine and I hatched a
fair proportion of the whole. The only misfortune was that I could
only take r^M quarts in all, from which I hatched 2:},21(MI0(I. The
I nited States having the same dilViculiies that I enciiuntered, was
not able to sup]»iy any eggs to the Krie Station, as it had done in the
case of the white lish.

The period of incubation was normal and the greatest number of
the fry were planted in Lake Erie. The remainder were deposited in
suitable waters ai the Stale, under the direct supervision of Assist-
ant ilass, of the Western Station. This method of iilanting pike-
perch in places designated by the Commission is far better and more
ellective than the old method of gnmiing aiiplicatiims to people who
have absiduiely no knowledge of the re<iuir<*ments of the lish. There
are but few waters in Pennsylvania in which the pike-perch will
thiive an<l they should n«M. ilierefore, be placed on the list of lish

es

to 1

)e given on applicatitni,

Al)oi

pike 1

It a We(

■k aft

er the pike pereh were out of the way, the l)lue-

M'gan to si»awn. and I was able to gather 1:11 ipiarts producing

7,80U,tMM) frv. These t

Mr OS

1 1

uocured from the j» ill-net tisherm

en

at Erie. I had no troubh* what

'ver in getting ripe males and fe

males at the same time this year as I had last. Tl

lis is the second

attempt on the part of this Commission to take blue-pik

as far as I k

e I'ggs ;

md,

now. it is not undertaken by other (;omm

issions.

Con

se

quently. the action has excited much favorabl

e <-omment on the pari

of the tisht ruK'n. for the blm-pikc is greatly esteemed and as an
industry ranks close liehind that of its ccnisin. the i.ike-jierch. The
fishermen, tno. oave a practical illustration of their interest by wait-
ing cheerlully after they had hauled their nets until I had

full

over the tisli for the juirpose of strip[)ing tin* ri|

gone* care-

»e ones.

Tin

eggs all. or nearly all, hatched and the fry jdanted in the lak<

Tl

je Station, which was closed on .In

ne ;}d. is in good conditio

■xcept the tables, which are rapidly rotting and nnist 1

replaced hv sonu'thiim' el:

n

>e renewed or

:e in the near fulur<». 1 earnestly r(

recommemlatiuii that Ihechange bemadeto the bat t

this
bat I

new mv

ery system. Cnder

one in u^e the full capacity of ih(* hnu:

e is liM jjus. Cndi'r tin

ery sysb-m. nearly :i(MI jai-s could be operated without

usinii

any innjc water

liai

of the damage don<' bv tin* rust from tl

I now. ami besides doing away once for all

W Ww i

se iron |>ipes.

ommissioii ha<l had the batterv svslei

n in last vear. the

output of while lish could have 1

)een increased bv over iM.OOO.OOO

X

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

jjo 1^ FISH COMMISSIONERS. 1^

for the United States at one time offered 30,000,000, and I had room
for only a little over 3,000,000. The work of handling the eggs
would also be much easier.

To recapitulate, the output from the Erie Station for the year was

as follows:

White fish, 32,000,000

T.-, ., .... 23.210,000

Pf^'^-P'i'.f .. 7,800000

Blue pike, ' '

Total, 63,010,000

The detailed account of distribution will be found in the annexed

tibles.

Respectfully submitted,

A. G. BULLER,

Superintendent.

108

REPORT OF THE

Ofe. Doc.

ERIE STATION.

WALL EYED PIKE FRY DISTRIBUTED FROM JUNE 1, 1899, to JUNE 1, 1900.

Date.

Name.

1900.

May 8 C. E. Ployer

5 James Kepler, ...

5 F. M. Sigglns, ..

5 E. C. Critchlow

8 J. S. Matson

14 C. S. David

14 P. W. Drake

14 C. S. Porter

8 G. S. Hartman

8 H. H. Meginness, ...

8 Frank R. Brower, ..

8 J. Donohoe,

8 W. H. Holter

8 W. A. Weaver,

8 J. Bubb

8 E. H. Wright

8 A. McNaughton

8 L. Ulmen,

8 T. T. Manley

8 Fred. Ewing

8 J. Garland

8 G. C. Walton

8 F. G. Couch

8 Phares Herman, ....

8 C. O. Gaugler

8 L. T. Hettrlck

S M. L. Kruger,

12 C. C. UUer

12 J. R. Binder,

8 J. J. McMasters, . . .

8 John Kirk

8 Sam. Snell

8 G. W. Danner

• 8 W. H. Davis

8 A. L,echtha1er

••••■•

Postofflce Address.

No. shipped.

Allen, Cumberland county

Meadville, Crawford county, i

Meadville, Crawford county '

Meadville, Crawford county

Conneaut Lake, Crawford county,
Cambridge Springs, Crawford co.,
Cambridge Springs, Crawford co.,

Corry, Erie county

Bart, Lancaster county

Willlamsport, Lycoming county, .
Wllliamsport, Lycoming county, .
Williamsport, Lycoming county, .
VVilliamsport, Lycoming county, .
Williamsport, Lycoming county, .
Williamsport, Lycoming county, .
Williamsport, Lycoming county, .
Williamsport, Lycoming county, .
Williamsport, Lycoming county, .
Williamsport, Lycoming county, .
Burlingame, Lycoming county, ..

Muncy, Lycoming county,

Muncy, Lycoming county,

Andersonburg, Perry county

Sollnsgrove, Snyder county,

Sellnsgrove, Snyder county

Selinsgrove, Snyder county

Selinsgrove, Snyder county

Tidioute, Warren county,

Tidioute, Warren county

Mengcs Mills, York county

New Cumberland, Cumberland co.
New Cumberland, CJumberland co,
New Cumberland, Cumberland co.
Xt'W Cumberland, Cumberland co
New Cumberland. Cumberland co

140,000

140.000

140,000

140,000

500,000

160,000

160,000

500,000

140,000

140,000

140,000

140,000

140,000

140,000

140.000

140,000

140,000

140,000

140,000

140.000

140,000

140,000

140,000

140,000

140,000

140,000

140,000

160.000

160,000

140, OW

140,000

140,0(K>

140.000

140,000

140,000

Total.

No, 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
WALL EYED PIKE FRY— Continued.

Date.

Name.

1900. j
May 7 Planted In Lage Erie,

8 j Planted in Lake Erie,

9 Planted In Lake Erie,

11

Planted in Lake Erie,

14 ' Planted in Lake Erie,

Postofflce Address.

4,000,000
4,000,000
4,000,000
4,000,000
3,550,000

109

No. shipped. Total.

Mar.

WHITE FISH FRY PLANTED FROM JUNE 1, 1899. TO JUNE 1, 1900.

3

5
9
13
17
20
22
23

Planted In Lake Erie,
Planted in Lake Erie.
Planted in Lake Erie,
Planted In Lake Erie,
Planted in Lake Erie,
Planted in Lake Erie,
Planted in Lake Erie.
Planted in Lake Erie,

3,000,000

5,000,000

5.000,000

5,000,000

3,000,000

3,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

32,000,000

BLUE PIKE PLANIED FROM JUNE 1, 1899, TO JUNE 1, 1900.

May 20 Planted in Lake Erie,
28 Planted In Lake Erie,

31

Planted in Lake Erie,

3,000,000
3,000,000

1,800,000

7,800,000

^■■■11

no

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

SUMMARY OF DISTRIBUTION.

1889 TO 1899.

BROOK TROUT FRY.

1S88-92. Eastern Hatchery,
Western Hatchery,

Distribution 1891-92,

lSy2-J»3. Eastern Hatchery, ..

Western Hatchery, ...

Distribution 1892-93,
lsr3-94. Eastern Hatchery, —
Western Hatchery, . . .

Distribution 1893-94,

1894-P5. Eastern Hatchery

Western Hatchery, ...

Distribution 18%,
1S95-9G. Eastern Hatchery, ..
Western Hatchery, ,

Distribution 1896,
1SS6-9?. Eastern Hatchery, ,
Western Hatchery,

Distribution 1897,

18!t7-!'S. Ea.stern Hatchery. ..

Western Hatchery, .

Distribution 1898,
1S98-P9. Eastern Hatchery, ..
Western Hatchery,

Distribution 1899,

1,428,400
1.473,400

1,623.980
1,363,600

1,509,700
1,194,700

1,373, MO
1,»4,100

1,114,200
1.493,600

1,108,800
1,293.500

778.100
1,506,300

93,200
1,6.36,400

2.901.800

2,987.580

2,704,400

2,707,100

2,607,800

2,402,300

2,2S4.400

1,729.600

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
BROOK TROUT FRY— Continued.

Ill

1899-1900. Eastern Hatchery,
Western Hatchery,

Distribution 1900,

1,500,000
2,400,000

3,900,000

Total brook trout.

24.224,980

BROOK TROUT YEARLINGS AND THREE YEARS OLDS.

LAKE TROUT FRY.

1891-92. Western Hatchery,

1892-93. Western Hatchery.

lSl"3-94. Western Hatchery,

1894-95. Western Hatchery.

1895-96, Western Hatchery,

1896-97. Western Hatchery,

1S99-1&00. Western Hatchery,

Total lake trout fry.

CALIFORNIA TROUT FRY.

1891-92. Eastern Hatchery,
Western Hatchery,

Distributed In lS!il-92.

199,500

180,000

54,000

None.

16,0m

14. 4M

4. Of 10

7,660
3M

3,951
550
3M
265

9.012

22.038

180H-94. Westarn Hatchery,

U<J4-95. Eastern Hatchery,

1896. Western Hatchery

1897. Eastern Hatchery

1898. Western Hatchery

1898-99. Eastern Hatchery

1S99-19C0. Eastern Hatchery. ...

Total yearly, etc..

brook trout,

'

—

466. 9W

68. 6M
532,000

6M.6M

|L

112

REPORT OF THE
CALIFORNIA TROUT FRY-Continued.

1S92-03. Eastern Hatchery,
Western Hatchery,

Distribution in 1892-93

1S93-94. Eastern Hatchery

Western Hatchery,

Distribution in 18114,
1S94-95. Western Hatchery,
1S95-P6. Western Hatc-hery,
lS96r97. Western Hatchery,

Distribution In lS96-fi7,

1S97-98. Eastern Hatchery

Western Hatchery,

Distributed In 1897-98.

1S9S-99. Eastern Hatchery

Western Hatchery,

Distribution in 1S98-99

Total California trout fry,

HYBRID TROUT FRY.

1S91-92. Wtsf,.,t, Hatchery.

lS92-r.:!. Western Hat.-hery,

im-9i. Western Hatchery,

ISDl-:..-. W.^tPrn Hatchery,

lS0:-9.;. Western Hatchery,

1S96-97. W^pstern Hatchprv

Total hybrl.l tr-uit fry

12,200
57,500

102,000
148,000
202,000

8,000
389,800

14,000
289,000

Off. Doc.

402,500

59,000
106,000
148,000

58,800
30,100
84, f 100

69, 700

452,000

397,800

303.000

2,225,600

485,900

112

REPORT OF THE
CAI.IFOHNIA TUOrT FRV-Cuntinued.

Off. Doc.

1N!*2-;.;:. Fast,.,-,, nafh.ry,
\\'t >^i«rii Hat' h. rv

22.r.(i(i

IMJ (Mil)

l-»i^;tl il.uticiii ill i»OJ-:iS

l^-'-:'!. ];ast..i-!! ii;it, 1,,.,-y

^\\^t^•I•n Ilatcli.iv

l"2.nn

IJ.lJi

I'i>fril.u!i..n ill is:
lv^!-:v. \v..>i..r.i l!:a.l„.,y.
Jv:-!t;. W,..t,.,.,, flat I.,ry,
^-•''■:'. W.:t.Tii JIa!.-!,.a-v

M'7

1 I-

r»i«f ril.ntii.n i?i

I'l-t-.m II;, f, l|,,,.y^

Wfi^tfrn H at. ti. IV.

4n2 I'll.

i'^!'. ^1 II

r»iHtriI.iit.',j j,| ]vi7. ,,
nast.-rn Hat-h-rx-

\V ■'■ l!l !| -• },,.,y,

l'i>-trihii!i..ii in I'-i.^-:.;.

■';ii •■.l''i.niin t

I'liiit ''r\'

HYnHlI) TIJOIT FRY.

1

. \\.^t. r,

l-\-\i\

. \*

]V'i-:o

■ U' '..n

IV' :••:

. W, -,,,,

iv.n :.-

U. ;. .,,

at' h. r\

'I.!-

l.ir h. r\

i "fal

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

Nc. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

113

BROWN TROUT FRY.

1891-92. Western Hatchery,
1S92-D3. Western Hatchery,
lSt>3-'J4. Eastern Hatchery,
Western Hatchery,

Distributed In 1S91-94,

1894-^. Western llatcliery

Eastern Hatchery

Distributed In 1894-93,
1S95-96. Western Hatchery

Eastern Hatchery

1S96-97. Western Hatchery

Efistern Hatchery

Distributed in 1S95-97,

1S>97-9S. Western Hatchery

1S9S-99. Western Hatcher>'

Distributed in 1S'j7-'j9,

123,500

307.000

18,000

357,500

108,300
51,000

84,350

36,000

252,300

23,200

307,900
73,400

806,000

159,300

395.850

381,300

Grand total brown trout.

1.742,450

BOWN TROUT, YEARLINGS AND OVER.

IsO.t-irWi. Western Station,

550

EGGS FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

LAND-LOCKED SALMON FRY.

8—18—1900

114

REPORT OF THE

ATLANTIC SALMON FRY.

Off. Doc.

ls9o-t»^. Eastern Hatchery,
1S96-U7. Western Hatchery,
Eastern Hatchery,

Total,

1S97-98. Eastern Hatchery,
189S-99. Eastern Hatchery,

Total

1S99-1900. p:astern Hatchery,

Total Atlantic salmon,

PACIFIC SALMON FRY.

1S9C-97. Eastern Hatchery,

GERMAN CARP FRY.

I&91-!t2. Eastern Hatchery,
Western Hatchery,

Distributed in 1891-92.

lSl»2-[»3. Ea.«5tern Hatchery

Western Hatchery,

Distributed in 18!>2-93,

1^93-94. Eastern Hatchery

W^estern Hatchery ,

DiBtrlbute.l in 1893-94,

1S94-95. Eastern Hatchery

Western Hatchery, ...

Distributed in 1894-95,
18^-96. Eastern Hatchery,

Grand total German carp.

Distribution of German carp now discontinued.

94.900
229,000

3,263
1.015

3,205
1,000

2,250
335

179,107

323,900
249,164

752,171

80,000

5.200

4,280

4.205

2.585
735

17.005

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
SMALL MOUTH BLACK BASS.

1891-92. Western Hatchery,
1892-03. Western Hatchery,

Distributed in 1891-93,

1893-94. Eastern Hatchery

Western Hatchery

Distributed in 1893-94,

1894-95. Western Hatchery,

1895-96. Western Hatchery

1896-97. Western Hatchery

Eastern Hatchery

1897-98. Wesftrn Hatchery,

Total small mouth black bass.

LARGE MOUTH BLACK BASS.

ROCK BASS.

480
2.033

1.878
18,300
25,250

2,400
150

175
1S91-92. Wet-tern Hatchery

345

1892-93. Western Hatchery

1893-94. Western Hatchery,

3 837
1894-Uo. Western Hatchery

8 715
1896-97. W'estern Hatchery

Total large mouth black bass

4,332
is'.a .12. Western Hatchery

3,310

ls!«2-93. Western Hatchery,

1.725

IS'JU-lH. Western Hatchery

8.645

1894-95. Western Hatchery,

, ^ 9,360

1896-97. Western Hatchery

800

1897-98. Western Hatchery

Total rock bass.

115

2.S18

6,427

56.918

14,532

28.172

116

REPORT OF THE

CALIFORNIA TROUT, YEARLINGS AND OVER.

Off. Doc.

1899-1900. Western Station, ,.

HYBRID TROUT, YEARLINGS AND OVER.

1899-1900. Western Station.

WHITE BASS.

Distribution of white bass temporarily discontinued from 1896.

STRAWBERRY BASS.

1891-92. Western Hatchery,

1892-93. Western Hatchery,

1W3-94. Western Hatchery,

1894-95. Western Hatchery,

1895-96. Western Hatchery,

1,286

2,069

87

Total strawberry bass,

Distribution of strawberry bass temporarily discontinued from 1896.

YELLOW PERCH.

1891-92. Western Hatchery,

1892-93. Western Hatchery.

1S93-94. Western Hatchery.

1894-95. W'estem Hatchery,

1S95-96. Western Hatchery,

1896-97. Western Hatchery,

1897-98. Western Hatchery,

685
8,880

600

10.270

8.030

9,170

600

Total yellow perch.

666

600

1892-93. Western Hatchery, 235

1893-94. Western Hatchery ' 188

4

1894-95. Western Hatchery 2,998

Total white bass

8.421

s.m

88, m

No 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

SUN FISH.

117

1892-93. Western Hatchery,

1893-94. Western Hatchery,

1894-95. Western Hatchery,

1895-96. W^estern Hatchery,

1896-97. Western Hatchery,

Total sun fish,

150

500

485

4,190

1,000

BLUE SUN FISH.

CAT FISH, COMMON.

50
1S91-92. Western Hatchery

170
1S&2-93. Western Hatchery

84

1893-94. Western Hatchery

^>
1S94-95. Western Hatchery

Total common cat fish

BLUE PIKE.

1891-92. Western Hatchery,

1898-99. Erie Hatchery,

1899-1900. Erie Hatchery

375

1.800.000
7,800.000

6,3^

634

Total blue pike,

9,600,375

J 18

REPORT OF THE

PIKE-PERCH FRY.

1891-92. Erie Hatchery,

1892-93. Erie Hatchery,

1893-94. Erie Hatchery,

1894-95. Erie Hatchery,

1895-96. Erie Hatchery,

1896-97. Erie Hatchery,

1898-99. Erie Hatchery,

1S99-1S00. Erie Hatchery,

Total pike-perch.

49,940,000
28,670,000
82.840,000
48.620,000
13,860,000
100,455,000
23,040,000
23,110,000

LAKE HERRING.

1S92-93. Erie Hatchery,
1893-94. Erie Hatchery.

1,540,000
2,500,000

Total lake herring.

WHITE FISH FRY.

18M-P2. Erie Hatchery ' 15,000,000

1892-93. Erie Hatchery 19,800.000

1893-94. Erie Hatchery 25,000.000

1804-95. Erie Hatchery, 42,000.000

1895-96. Erie Hatchery 30,000,000

1896-97. Erie Hatchery 43,0«),00O

1S9S-99. Erie Hatchery 32,000,000

Off. Doc.

CAT FISH, SPOTTED.

1894-95. Western Watchery 1^140

1595-96. Western Hatchery 285

1896-97. Western Hatchery 1370

1S97-98. Western Hatchery 275

Total spotted cat flfh.

No. 18.

370,535,000

4,040,000

Total white fish 206,^000

3,070

FISH COMMISSIONERS.
LARGE GRASS PIKE.

119

1894. Western Hatchery,

24

LARGE PIKE-PERCH.

LARGE MUSCALONGE.

1894. W'estern Hatchery,

IS

MUSCALONGE FRY.

1896-07. Western Hatchery,

91,000

SHAD FRY.

5,950,000

1896. Bristol Hatchery

7,325,000

1S96-'.*'. Bristol Hatchery

1988. Bristol Hatchery

•22,200,000

18'.'9. Bristol Hatchery.

14.300.000

1900. Bristol Hatchery,

49,776,000

Total shad fry.

*This numb

rr includes orrs reor-ivod from the Unitod States Commission.

120

REPORT OF THE

OfE. Doc.

SHAD FRY INTRODUCED BY THE UNITED STATES.

1S91-94 1 45, 517,000

1894-95, 14, 283, OOO

1896 59, 000, 000

189G-97. Delaware River, 34,000,000

1806-97. Susquehanna River 20,000,000

1S96-97. Eggs liberated, 10,000,000

1S9S. Delaware River 15,000,000

1S99, Delaware River 21,286,000

1^99. Susquehanna River, 24,200,000

•
Total

RECAPITULATION.

Summary of
Sunimarj' of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Sumnjary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of
Summary or
Summary of
Summary of
Summary of

distribulii'n brook tri.>ut, ls91-0;> 24,224,980

distribution of lake trout, lSl»l-;t9 466,900

distribution of California trout, lS91-9;> 2.225,600

distribution of hybrid trout. 1S91-99 485,900

distribution of brown trout. 1S91-99 1,748,450

distribution of land locked salmon, lS',»l-93 165, 00*)

distribution of Atlantic salmon, 1861-09 752.171

distribution of Pacific salmon, lS;il-99 80.000

distribution of German carp, 1S91-99 i7_ oo.",

distribution of small-mouth black bass, isui-w 65,958

distribution of large-mouth black bass, lS91-<»9 23, 467

distribution of r'nk bas8, 1S91-99 36,037

distribution of white bass, 18!>l-9'.t 3,421

distributinn of straw). erry bass, l>'.tl-:t,4. 3,531

distribution «>1 vtil.iw porch. 1S91-09 .'^8,135

distribution of sunflsh, iMil-'.tO, 6 125

distribution of catfish, common, l«;ni-99 5:34

distribution of itikc-iKrch. l*^'Jl-lt9, ."^SO. 575, 000

distribution of lake herring. 1S91-99 4,040,000

distribution of white fish, l'^'.U-99 206,800,000

distribution of catfish, spotted, ISftl !>9 3,070

distribution of large grass rukc, ]^:tl-'.i'.t 21

ilistributiiin o! lari;i' pike per'h, l*^'.*!-;!',", 45

flistributlon of mu.-c alou^e, I'^'U-gO, 91 oi5

distribution '.f shad. Bristol Station, l'^f»1-',n" 40,775.000

Shad, U. S. in Delaware 2M.0S(; OiK)

\

120 REPOFiT OF THE Off. Doc.

S!lAn FRY INTROnrrFI) J'.V TTIK rXlTFD STATES.

J>:tl':'J 45,r.l7,i'in>

]^>;"i-:':., ii.2*>:?.i""i

1 ^l'*', "1' IMl^ I It II I

[

\^."-'j7. Dolawar.- i;i\.r ;]4,(Hin,ii .u

1^ '-"7. >usqui'hatina i;i\ .t 2' .i'ln, ,,. n

1^; I -1 7. 17-, J ;; 1 1 1 ^^ '•''!. ]ii jfiiH, ("111

1^:'^. 1 !• lawiwi' \l\\ ■!•, .. ..._ ]',.<

Is''. 1 '■■'.: \', :i : ' i;r-r. 21,2SC,iiiitj

j^''i'. Sus<;Ui'l;aiina Knt-r 21,2ii',ii"U

m \

T. .^.: "i:>"v,;f,

RErAPITrLATIOK

;-

-trUiut i'-n ^'V

,.,k

M^ajt, r-''!-'-''

Su;i •

nary f ,

tr.iiit . . '

.'■ '

' ':i i i

'■! !iia t liiUt . 1^.1 ■',' '

.-

: -- 1 i . '

•

: tvui. \ <>- < <

^; 1 1 1 ■

11,1 1 \ •

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-9

CD

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

No, 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

RECAPITULATION— Continued.

121

Summary of distributlcn of brook trout, one year and over,

Summary of distribution of California trout, one year and over.

Summary of distribution of brown trout, one year or over

Summary of distribution of hybrid trout, one year or over

Summary of distribution of eggs for schools,

Grand total *

22, OSS

665

550

500

1,500,000

942,428,304

9

122

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

LIST OF COMMISSIONERS OF UNITED STATES AND CANADA.

In compiling this list the greatest possible pains were taken to en-
sure accuracy. The Secretary of the Commonwealth of every State
was communicated with, and the list therein may be accepted as oflS-
cial to date, with the exception of those marked with *. In those
cases no replies were received, and the list published in the report of

1898 is given:

United States.

Commissioner, George M. Bowers.
Chief Clerk, I. H. Dunlap.

Division of Inquiry Respecting Food Fishes, Dr. H. M. Smith.
Division of Fish Culture, W. de C. Ravenel.

Division of Statistics and Methods of the Fisheries, C. H. Towen-
send.

Architect and Engineer, H. von Bayer.

Superintendents of Stations.

C. (j. Atkins, East Orland, Me.
E. E. Race, Green Lake, Me.
W. F. Hubbard, Nashua, N. H.
J. W. Titcomb, St. Johnsbury, Vt.

E. F. Locke, Woods Hole, Mass.

C. G. Corliss, Gloucester, Mass.
Livingston Stone, Cape Vincent, N. Y.

Charles Healey, Custodian, Battery Island (Havre de Grace), Md.

W. T. Lindsey, Custodian, Bryant Point (Marshall Hall), Md.

Rudolph Hessel, Fish Ponds, Washington, D. 0.

Geo. A. Seagle, Wytheville, Va.

A. B. Alexander, Fishery, Tennessee.

J. J. Stranahan, Putin-Bay, Ohio.

F. N. Clark, Northville, Michigan.
S. P. Wires, Duluth, Minn.

R. S. Johnson, Manchester, Iowa.
S. P. Bartlett, Quincy, 111.
H. D. Dean, Neosho, Mo.

D. C. Booth. Spearfish, South Dakota.
J. L. I^ary, San Marcos, Texas.

E. A. Tulian, Leadville, Colorado.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

123

J. A. Henshall, Bozeman, Montana.
G. H. Lambson, Baird, California.
S. W. Downing, Stone, Oregon.
S. G. Worth, Edenton, N. C.
H. H. Buck, Baker, Washington.
•

Alabama.*

By act of the Legislature the Board of Fish Commissioners has been
abolished.

Arizona.

R. R. Strand, Glendale, Maricopa Co.

W. T. Barr, Phoenix, Maricopa Co.

H. D. Kyle, Phoenix, Maricopa Co.

C. C. Montgomery, Phoenix, Maricopa Co.

Henry Mitchell, Buckeye, Maricopa Co.

J. L. Redondo, Yuma, Yuma Co.

J. H. Durham, Florence, Pinal Co.

W. W. Swingle, Dudleyville, Pinal Co.

Wm. Wholley, Globe, Gila Co.

Emil Marquardt, Phoenix, Maricopa Co.

Sanford Rowe, Williams, Coconino Co.

Fred. Holden, Williams, Coconino Co.

Arkansas.

We have no Fish or Game Commissioners. It is made the duty of
county and township officers to enforce the law.

Respectfully,

ALEX. C. HULL,
Secretary of State of Arkansas.

Little Rock Ark., November 14, 1899.

Dominion of Canada.

F. Gordeau, Deputy Minister of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa.
E. E. Prince, Commissioner of Fisheries, Ottawa.

Inspectors of Fisheries.

Nova Scotia.— A. C. Bertram, N(»rth Sydney, N. S.; Robert Hockin,
Pittou, N. S.; L. S. Ford, Milton, N. S.

New Brunswick.— J. H. Pratt, St. Andrews, N. B.; R. A. Chapman.
Moncton, N. B.; H. S. Miles, Oromocto, N. B.

124

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Prince Edward Island. — J. A. Matheson, Charlottetown, P. E. I.

Quebec. — William Wakeham, Gaspe Basin, Q.; A. H. Belliveau,
Ottawa; Nap. Lavoie, L'Islet, Q.

Ontario. — O. B. Sheppard, Toronto; A. G. Duncan, Marksville, Ont.;
F. H. Cunningham, Ottawa.

Manitoba. — F. W. Colcleugb, Selkirk, Man.

North West Territories.— E. W. Miller, Qu'Appelle, N. W. T.

British Columbia. — C. B. Sword, New Westminster, B. C.

Fish Culture.

Professor E. E. Prince, Superintendent of Fish Culture, Ottaw^a.

W. Armstrong, officer in charge of Government Fish Hatchery,
Newcastle, Ont.

Wm. Parker, officer in charge of Government Fish Hatchery, Sand-
wich, Ont.

John Walker, officer in charge of Government Fish Hatchery, Ot-
tawa, Ont.

Alex. Finlayson, officer in charge of Government Fish Hatchery,
Magog, Que.

L. N. Catellier, officer in charge of Government Fish Hatchery,
Tadoussac, Que.

Alex. Mowat, officer in charge of Government Fish Hatchery, Camp-
bellton, N. B.

Isaac Sheasgreen, officer in charge of Government Fish Hatchery,
South Esk, Miramichi, N. B.

Chas. McCluskey, officer in charge of Government Fish Hatcherj
Grand Falls, N. B.

A. Ogden, officer in charge of Government Fish Hatchery, Bedford
Basin, N. S.

A. Ogden, officer in charge of Government Lobster Hatchery, Pic-
tou, N. S.

C. B. Sword, officer in charge of Government Fish Hatchery, New
Westminster, B. C.

F. W. Colcleugb, officer in charge of Government Hatchery, Selkirk,
Man.

Ernest Kemp, officer in charge of Oyster Culture, Ottawa.

Newfoundland.*

Hon. A. W. Harvey, Chairman, St. Johns.

M. Harvey, Secretary, St. Johns.

Adolph Neilson, Supt. of Fisheries, St. Johns.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

California.

125

Alex. T. Vogelsang, San Francisco.
Chas. B. Gould, Oakland.
Henry W. Keeler, Santa.

Thomas H. Johnson.

Colorado.

Connecticut.

Alden Solmans, Norwalk.

James A. Bill, Lyme.

Geo. T. Mathewson, Enfield.

Delaware.

J. Stanlev Short, Milford.

Florida.

John Y. Detwiler, New Smyrna.
John G. Ruge, Apalachicola.

A. T. Dallas, La Grange.

Georgia.

Idalio.

Hon. Chas. H. Arbuckle, Boise, State Fish and Game Warden.

Illinois.

S. P. Bartlett, Secretary and Supt.. Quincy.
Nathan H. Cohen, President, Urbana.
Augustus Lenke, Treasurer, Chicago.

Indiana.

Hon. Z. T. Sweeny, Columbus.

Iowa.

Geo. E. Delavan, Spirit Lake.

Kansas.
George Wiley, Fish Warden, Meade.

126

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Kentucky.
There is no fish commissioner in this State.

Louisiana.

There are no regular commissioners of fisheries in this State, but
the last Legislature established a Biological Station to co-operate
with the United States Commissioners of Fish and Fisheries.

Maine.

L. T. Carle ton, Augusta.
Henry O. Stanley, Dixfield.
Charles E. Oak, Caribou.

Maryland.

John E. Stirling, Crisfield.
A. F. George, Swanton.

Massachusetts.

Edward A. Brackett, Winchester.
Elisha D. Bufiington, Worcester.
Joseph W. Collins, Boston.

Michigan.

State Board of Fish Commissioners.

Freeman B. Dickerson, Detroit, term expires January 1, 1901.
Herschel Whitaker, Detroit, term expires January 1, 1903.
Horace W. Davis, Grand Rapids, term expires January 1, 1905.

Officers.

Seymour Bowser, Detroit, Superintendent.
George D. Mussey, Detroit, Secretary.
Albert Ives, Jr., Detroit, Treasurer.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

Minnesota.

127

John Bentner, St. Paul.
W. W. Ward, Fairmount.
Jacob Danz, 2d, St. Paul.
A. L. Cramb, St. Cloud.
A. T. Williams, Minneapolis.

Missouri.

Sam'l T. Rathell, Chairman ami Treasurer, St. Louis.

Frank P. Yenawine, Secretary, St. Joseph.

John T. Crisp, Independence.

Wm. A. Roth well. Vice Chairman, Moberly.

P. L. Hurt, Bonnville.

Philip Kopplin, Jr., S. Louis; M. E. O'Brian, St. Joseph; Super-

intendents of Hatcheries.

A. J. D. Burford, Burfordville, Warden.

Mississippi.

Jackson, Miss., Nbv. 13, 1899.

The State of Mississippi does not indulge in a Fish Commission;
hence, I cannot give you the head of that Department.

Very truly,

J. L. POWER,
Secretary of State.

Montana.

M. J. Elrod, Missoula.

H. P. Kennett, Helena.

R. A. Waagner, Victor, State Game Warden.

Nebraska.

W. L. May, President, Fremont.
J. P. Rouse, Vice President. Alva.
Robt. S. Oberfelder, Secretary, Sidney.
Adam Sloup, Superintendent, South Bend.

Nevada.
The Legislature of 1897 abolished the office of Fish Commissioner.

H

128

REPORT OF THE

Oft. Doc.

New Hampshire.

Xathaniel Wentworth, Hudson.
William H. Shurtleff, Lancaster.
Frank M. Hughes, Ashland.

New Jersey.

Howard P. Frothingham, President and Treasurer, Mt. Arlington.
Wm. A. Halsey, Newark.
Benjamin P. Morris, Long Branch.
J. Frank Budd, Burlington.

New York.*

Hon. B. H. Davis, Palmyra.
Hon. Wm. R. Reed, Potsdam.
Hon. Chas. H. Babcock, Rochester,
lion. Edw. Thompson, North Port.
Hon. Frederick S. Holden, Syracuse.

North Dakota.
W. W. Barrett, Church's Ferry.

Ohio.

(^eo. Falloon, Athens.
Albert Brewer, Tiffin.
J. C. Burnett, Sabina.
Andrew J. Hazlett, Bucyrus.
James W. Owens, Newark.

Oregon.

T. T. Geer, Governor, Salem.

F. I. Dunbar, Secretary of State, Salem.

F. C. Reed. Fish Commissioner, Portland.

Pennsylvania.

S. B. Stillwell, President, Scranton.

H. C. Demuth, Treasurer, Lancaster.

D. P. Corwin, Secretary, 413 Wood St., Pittsburg.

James A. Dale, Corresponding Secretary, York.

Ed

a

--3

pa
o

a

-3

i ■

^28 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

New Hampshire.

Xatbanicl Wentwoi'tli, Hudson.
William H. SliiirtleU", Lancaster.
Frank M. Hughes, Ashland.

New Jersey.

Howard P. Frothinghani, l»resldent and Treasurer, Mt. Arlington.
Win. A. Halsey, Newark.
IJcnjaniin V. Morris, Long Branch.
J. Frank IJudd, Burlington.

New York.^

Hon. B. H. Davis. Palnivra.
linn. W 111. H. Kei'd. Potsdam,
lion. ('has. IL Baluoik. Bochester.
linn. Kdw. Thomitson. North Port,
lion. FrcdtM'irk S. Ilolden. Syracuse.

North Dakota.
W. \V. Barrett, Churcirs Ferry.

Ohio.

<:<'o. Falloon. Athens.
Wlunt liirwf'i-. Tiflin.
■L C. P.uriicit. Sal>ina.
Andrew.!, llazlrtt. Bu«'\rus.
■ lames W. Owens. Newark.

Oregon.

T. T. (reer. (lovernor. Salem.

V. T. Dunhar. Secretary of State, Salem.

V. (\ IJeed. I'Msli Commissioner. Portland.

Pennsylvania.

S. B, Stillwell, T*resident. Srranton.

H. r. Demntli. Treasurer. Lancaster.

D. P. Corwin, S(Mi'ciaiv. li:j \\'ood St., Pittsburg.

James A. Dale, Corresponding Secretary, York.

H

tc

M

o

o

a

f^.t ^;#« •*!♦ •!

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

Nr. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

129

John Hamberger, Erie.

Jas. W. Correll, Easton.

W. E. Meehan, Assistant Secretary and Statistician, to whom all
communications with respect to Fish Culture and statistics should be
addressed, 600 Chestnut St., Philadelphia.

Superintendents of Stations.

John P. Creveling, Allentown and Bristol.
Wm. Duller, Corry.
Abram G. Buller, Erie.

Rhode Island.

COMMISSIONERS OF INLAND FISHERIES,
(Appointed by the Governor, Chapter 451), Public Laws.)

Henry T. Root, Providence.
William P. Morton, Johnston.
J. M. K. South wick, Newport.
Charles W. Willard, Westerly.
Adelbert Roberts, Woonsocket.
Herman C. Bumpus, Providence.

COMMISSIONERS OF SHELL FISHERIES.
(Elected by the General Assembly, Chapter 170, General Laws )

James M. Wright, Foster.

Benjamin Drown, Warren.

Philip H. Wilbour, Little Compton.

Joseph C. Church, Charlestowm.

John H. Northup, Warwick.

James C. Collins, Clerk, North Providence.

Office No. 12 South Main Street, Room 13, Providence.

South Carolina.

There are no Commissioners.

L. M. Kinsev, Fish Patrol, P. O. Branchville.

Tennessee.*
There are no Commissioners.

Utah.
Fish and Game Commissioner, John Sharp, Salt Lake City.
9—18—1900

130

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

131

Vermont.

John W. Titcomb, St. Johnbury.
Horace W. Bailey, Newbury.

Virginia.

Frank Fletcher, Chairman and Chief Inspector, Accomack, C. H.
Seth F. Miller, Secretary and Assistant Inspector, Mathews, C. H.
Pembroke Pettit, Palmyra.
Geo. B. Keezel, Keezeltown.
Capt. John A. Curtis, Richmond.

West Virginia.

There are none.

Wisconsin.

The Governor, Ex-Officio.

Edwin E. Bryant, President, Madison.

E. A. Birge, Secretary, Madison.

Calvert Spensley, Treasurer, Mineral Point.

Jas. J. Ilogan, La Crosse.

William J. Starr, Eau Claire.

Currie G. Bell, Bayfield.

Henry D. Smith, Appleton.

Jas. Xevin, Superintendent, Madison.

Fish Hatcheries. — Madison, Milwaukee, Bayfield,

Wyoming.

Saml. H. Campbell, Superintendent, Hatchery District No. 1, Lar-
amie.

C. M. Moegarlidge, Superintendent, Hatchery District No. 2, Sheri-
dan.

OVER-PLANTING AND OVER-PROTECTION OF

J'ISH.

By W. E. Meehan.

To the Commissioners of Fisheries:

Last summer the officials of the Blooming Grove Park Association
extended me an invitation to visit their preserves in an unofficial
capacity. While there I was requested to examine a little into cer-
tain conditions that existed in two of their lakes. These conditions
were causing some concern and I was asked to give the association
the benefit of any advice I could offer.

The Blooming Grove Park Association has a great preserve in
Pike county. There are some 2.5,000 acres of magnificent forest land
lakes and trout streams. There are, I believe, nine lakes and at
least three large trout streams.

The Association was chartered under the old Constitution of the
State, and is allowed to make its own fish and game laws. It has
a building on the property, in which are annually hatched hundreds
of thousands of brook trout, land locked salmon, and other fi^h of
the salmon tribe. A portion of these fish are held in retaining ponds
until they are three or four years old, and are then liberated in the
waters for which they are intended. The remainder are deposited
when thev are a few months old in the same streams. Consequently,
there should be no lack of fish in the waters of the great preserve.

A few years ago the Association noticed that very few black bass
of any size were being caught in Lake Laura and a year or two later,
although they were planting yearly great quantities of four year-
old brook trout in Lake Giles, the members were catching very few
of this fish. As the officials of the Association are naturally deeply
interested in maintaining a bountiful supply of fish and fish in the
best condition for the enjoyment of the members, the two matters
mentioned caused them some anxiety.

I took great interest in making the investigation, because I felt
that the results could not be other than interesting and valuable,
because of the tendency of so many people to overstock streams and
to demand over-protection, in places where it w^ould be better to
allow more freedom of action on the part of anglers and fishermen
who make a livelihood out of fishing.

132

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

I have felt that the data collected by me during the investigation
and the results noted were of such a character, that they ought to
be preserved. I have, therefore, submitted it to you, with the recom-
mendation that it be published in the annual report.

Respectfully,

W. E. MEEHAN.

To the Committee of Fish and Game of the Blooming Grove Park

Association:

Gentlemen: Last July 1 was requested by one of the members of
your committee and your superintendent, Mr. William J. Coon, to
make a thorough investigation of the conditions exisiting in Lake
Laura and Lake Giles, to report anything which I might find to be
wrong, and, if possible, suggest remedies.

The request was acceded to with pleasure, and I have now the
honor to submit herewith the report of my investigations and recom-
mendations, with the hope that, the latter, if adopted, will be found
to correct at least, if not entirely rid you of the serious troubles
which now undoubtedly exist in the two lakes named. Before doing
so, I desire to preface my statements and recommendations by saying
that the conditions which exist in Lake Laura and Lake Giles, and
also as far as a very brief and superficial examination is concerned,
in the ^hohola Creek, are of extraordinary interest to all anglers and
those interested in fish protection, particularly to those who have
preserves and engage in fish culture and in stocking waters they
control.

These conditions afford striking illustrations of the following:
First. — That it is possible to give too much protection to a stream
or lake.
"Second. — That it is possible to overstock a stream or lake.
Third. — That indiscriminate stocking may be worse than not stock-
ing at all.

I regret to say that your association, in the praiseworthy effort
to aflford its members exceptionally fine and varied angling, has, in
my opinion, overdone the work of protcMtion and stocking. It is
now' face to face with a very grave danger, which, unless heroic
measures are promptly taken, threaten continued life in both lakes
jind waters; and the day is not far distant when jou may have to
rear all the fish which the members catch annually.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

133

In investigating the conditions in Lake Laura I find a body of water
perfectly adapted to the requirements of black bass of the small
mouth species.. I doubt if there is another body of water in the
State its equal, certainly there is none better. It covers 447 acres
and is what is known as a kettle hole or spring lake, that it is formed
by a depression in the side of an ancient glacial moraine and has
no inlet, receiving its supply of water from springs in the bottom.

In places the water is very deep and in others there are extensive
shoals. The whole bottom from shore to shore, with the exception
of very few spots is covered thickly with rocks and stones, large
and small. The few spots bare of rocks are sandy or gravelly, af-
fording perfect breeding grounds for bass.

At one end is an extensive rock shoal, and there is another long
narrow one extending nearly across from side to side near the
middle. All around the sides are other rock shoals of varying widths,
furnishing perfect feeding grounds.

The water is clear as crytal and of just the right degree of coldness
for the small-mouth bass.

I find that this lake was stocked with small-mouth bass about 1867
by Mr. McGown, of Honesdale, Wayne county, and Mr. Ephraim
Kimbles, formerly of Kimbles, Pike county. The few fish placed in
the lake increased with such marvelous rapidity that four years later,
there were thousands of large size.

At that time there was an abundance of other life in the lake. In
the shoals were millions of "shiners" and yellow perch and also sun
fish. Under the stones, in the shallow water, were any quantity of
crnw fish. Helgramites, alone, seemed absent.

After the lake came into the possession of your Association, a
limit was placed on the number of black bass which might be caught
dailv. This, I think, was a serious mistake. Results seem to

prove it.

Lake Laura is several miles from the club house. A good portion
of th.^ road is so rough that it is a question from the standpoint of
comfort, whetlK'r walking is not preferable to riding. Thus,
relatively speaking, the number of persons who would fish it, is
small, it is a well-known fact that the black bass is so wonder-
fully prolific and hardy that it is very dirticult, even without any
restrictions on numbers, to exterminate them from waters in which
they have gained a hold, by rod fishing, and the enforcement of a
rule that no fish of less than nine or ten inches be killed.

It is impossible to even estimate the proportionate increase in
the number of black bass annually over those caught, but it is safe
to say that to-day there are millions in the waters of Lake Laura.
At the present time there is, I am informed, a rule which limits a
day's catch to fiftv to a rod, including a rule that all fish returned

134

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

to the water shall be counted as part of the quota. The fish are so
abundant that a person may easily catch the limit in two or three
hours. It has been stated to me that the fifty fish have been caught
in less than two hours. By the courtesy of your Association, I fished
this lake in 1897 and again twice this year. Each time I used three
flies, and it was not unusual for me to take three black bass at a
single cast. Such things show an abnormal number of this species
of fish in Lake Laura.

If the fish in Lake Laura were like the fish elsewhere, there would
be no greater sport to be found on the face of the globe, but they are
not. The black bass are thin and dwarfed to a pitiable degree.
I do not believe there is a fish in the lake which weighs a pound.
On July 4th I caught in the neighborhood of fifty fish, all running
from four to five inches long, and the fish captured by two companions
were of a similar size. In the natural order of things it would be
a simple impossibility to catch fish of the lengths designated, for
they could not be existing. Black bass spawn between the first
of May and the middle of June, and fish of the size described are
about five or six months old. Two months' old fish would be about
two inches long. It was, therefore, apparent that the black bass
caught must be at least one year old. An examination indisputably
proved this to be so. Despite their small size there were many signs
of maturity. The teeth were fully developed. The markings of ma-
turity were clearly defined and the heads of all of them were the
heads of mature fish. I am satisfied that many of the five-inch fish
were at least three or four years old.

An examination of the lake showed that there is not a living crea-
ture in it except the black bass. The countless millions of "shiners,"
yellow perch, sun fish and craw fish have all disappeared. They
have gone long ago as food for the starving overstocked Lake Laura
black bass.

It is a fact, that to-day there is absolutely no food in the lake for the
bass except their own kind.

This is the condition of things and the query naturally follows,
what must be done to undo the mistakes which have been made, in-
crease the size of the fish and at the same time afford exceptionally
fine sport for the members of the Association who desire to fish the
lake and have the spirit of the angler strong enough within them
to take the rough journey to and from the club house.

I consider that there are three things necessary to do to make
better fishing in Lake Laura:

First.— Remove all restrictions as to the number of fish which may
be caught by the members.

Second.— Breed bait in vast quantities.

Third.— Establish hiding places in the shoals along the edges of
the lake.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

135

In recommending the removal of all restrictions as to the number
of fish which may be caught to a rod each day, I am well aware that
I am placing mvself in direct opposition to one of the fundamental
rules of your Association, and to all notions held by those who most
earnestly advocate fish protection, but it must be remembered that
the conditions in Lake Laura require heroic treatment if beneficial
results are to be obtained. The lake is now far too heavily over-
stocked. One-half the fish now in its waters would be an abund-
ance, and far more than would likely be found in any other body
of water of similar size in the State.

In recommending the abolition of the rod limit, I would not advise
that the members be permitted to kill as many fish as they pleased.
I would ordain an unlimited catch; second, the killing of not more
than fifty per diem; third, that no fish that be caught be returned to
the water but all fish over fifty, which might be killed, should be
retained in live boxes provided by the Association; fourth, that all
fish put in the live boxes should be planted by the association m the
Lackawaxen River, the Delaware, or some other waters outside of the

park limits.

I would strongly advise against planting the small-mouth bass
of Lake Laura in any waters belonging to the park. These fish
are now probably to a certain extent, fixed as dwarfs. I may be mis-
taken in this, of course. In Lakes Bell or Ernest, where there is
an abundance of food, they may in time grow to a normal size, but
I doubt it. I only caught one or two bass from Lake Bell, and these,
though plump and fat, were by no means of normal size. • Planted in
the Lackawaxen, or Delaware, while these fish might not grow to
normal size, their progeny would, because of a probable admixture
with the fish already in the streams.

There is still another reason, and a very cogent one, why no more
small-mouth bass should be planted in Lake Bell or Lake Ernest,
namelv there are already enough fish of that species in the lake,
when nie number of anglers who visit those waters is considered.
In fact unless those two lakes are fished in the future more than they
are now "l am in dutv bound to warn you that you will find there
the same conditions which now exist in Lake Laura, namely, too
many and dwarfed fish and no food.

Food must be provided in vast quantities for the bass in Lake
Laura. This must be done, not by the one hundred thousand, but
bv the million. This must furthermore, be kept up for a term of
years A few hundred thousand bait fish or food would be a mere
bagatelle for the vast number of small-bouth bass which now inhabit
the lake or which is likely to be there despite unrestricted fishing
by the members. For this reason, I do not think that the suggestion
made of putting in the surplus brook trout fry from your hatchery

136

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

would be advisable. What is needed are species of fish, or other
water life which, a fair chance for life being given them, will them-
selves increase, and so assist in providing food. The question is what
species to select which will entail the least expense and trouble.

On mature reflection, I would suggest the planting of first, yellow
perch; second, frogs, in form of tadpoles; third, helgramites, and,
fourth, at later date, a large quantity of mature craw fish, say four
or five thousand.

It has been demonstrated within the last three or four years that
there is no fish as easily propagated as the yellow perch. This fish
lays a mass of eggs which somewhat resembles a lace accordeon.
A single fish of mature size will produce close upon ten thousand
eggs. There are about twenty-eight thousand eggs to a quart. The
yellow pei:ch spawns at the age of one year and, as a rule, nearly
every egg deposited it fertilized by the male.

To hatch these eggs, use an automatic shad jar, preferably of the
McDonald pattern. Instead of the copper cap, use one of fine mesh
wire netting. Retain the inflow tube, but not the siphon tube, as
the water is allowed to escape over the top of jar. The amount of
inflow water should be very light, only just enough to give a slight
motion; the eggs are very light and anything like a heavy circulation
would carry them to the top of the jar, where the would clog the
outlet.

The eggs require very little care during the period of incubation.
If a string of eggs should die or a lobe of string should die, either
may be removed readily, or the entire contents of the jar may be
turned into a pan without the slightest danger of injury.

The fry, as they hatch, which will be in from two to four weeks,
should pass naturally from the jars into tanks provided with screened
overflows. From thence they must be placed in shallow ponds
which your Association will have to build in which to retain them.

The ponds must be shallow, and should be where the sunlight can
play on the water, and there ought to be water lilies or plants set
therein to afford cover for the little creatures. Very many more
yellow perch fry may be placed in a pond than brook trout fry.
They may be fed with fine-cut liver, or other foods such as are given
young trout. The yellow perch fry should be retained in the ponds
until autumn, and then planted in large numbers at intervals in the
lake; and this work must be kept up for many years.

There should be no need for your Association to keep mature yellow
perch in ponds. It ought to be possible to obtain all the eggs needed
from the lakes within the park limits. They are very easily trans-
ported in water in the ordinary brook trout cans. There need be
no apprehension should your spawn takers gather more eggs than can
be accommodated in the jars in the hatching house, for the eggs are

a
I— I

136

REPORT OF THE

on. Doc.

would be advisablo. Wliai is needed are species of fish, or other
water litV which, a fair chance for lilV being given them, will them-
selves increase, and so assist in providing food. The question is what
species to select which will en I ail the least expense and trouble.

On mature relleclion. 1 would suggest the planting of first, yellow
perch; second, frogs, in form of tadpoles; third, helgramites, and,
fourth, at later dale, a large <|uan(ity of mature craw fish, say four
or five thousand.

Ji has been demonsi J aled within the last three or four years that
there is no fish as easily j^ropagated as the yellow perch. This fish
lays a mass of eggs whicli somewhat resembles a lace accordeon.
A single iish of ma Hire size will produce close upon ten thousand
eggs. There are about twenty-eight thousand eggs to a (juart. The
yellow pei:<h sjuiwns at the age of one year and, as a rule, nearly
every egg deposited it feriilized by the nmle.

To hatch these <'ggs, use an automatic shad jar, preferably of the
McDonald pattern, instead of the copper cap, use one of fine mesh
wire netting. J^etain the infiow tube, but not the siphon tube, as
the water is allowed to escape over the toj) of jar. The amount of
inllow water should be very light, only just enough to give a slight
motion: tin- eggs are very light and anything like a heavy circulation
would carry them to tlie top of the jar, where the would clog the
outlet.

The eggs require very little care during the period of incubation.
If a string of eggs should die or a lobe of siring should die, either
may be removed readily, or ihe entire contents of the jar may be
turne<l into a pan without the slighiesi danger of injurv.

The fry. as (h,'y hatch, which will be in from two to four weeks,
should pass naiurally from the jars into tanks provided with screened
oviMfiows. i'rom thence they must be j.laced in shallow ponds
which your Association will have to build in which to retain tlumi.

The ponds must be shallow, and should be where the sunlight can
play on ihe water, and th"r<» ought to be water lilies or plants set
therein to alTord .over for the linle creatures. Very many more
yellow perch fry may be plac-d in a i»ond than brook trout fry.
They may be fed with linecut liver, or other foods such as are given
young trout. The yellow perdi fry sliould be retained in the ponds
until autumn, and then planted in large numbers at intervals in the
lake; and this work must be k«'pt uj» for manv years.

There shuuid be no need for your Association to keep mature vellow
perch in ponds, ft ought to be possible to obtain all the eggs needed
from the lakes within the park limits. They are very easily trans-
ported in water in the oidinary brnc.k trout cans. There need be
no apprehension sh.nild your spawn takers gather more eggs than can
be accommo(hited in the jars in the hatching house, for the eggs are

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

O

CD

m

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

137

BO hardy that the surplus eggs may be placed in large tubs filled
with water and having a continuous but very slow inflow and outflow
from a hose, and retained there until needed in the jars. Indeed,
it is claimed that a fair percentage of yellow perch eggs may be
hatched by this primitive method.

Before taking up the propagation of frogs and helgramites, it might
be well for me to take up the third recommendation, relative to pro-
viding hiding and safety places for yellow perch after they have
been placed in the lakes. I take this course, because such places
are more essential for the yellow perch than for the other creatures
which have natural refuges in the lake.

If the yellow perch fry be thrown into the lake as the conditions
there now exist, the small-mouth bass will exterminate them almost
as fast as they can be supplied. Temporarily trees might be felled
into the lake at intervals, throughout the whole circuit. For perma-
nent shelter, I would advise that a strong etfort be made to reintro-
duce water lilies and water grasses. Owing to the rocky character
of the bottom around the shores, 1 imagine it will be difficult to
make the former flourish, but some at least will grow, and hiding and
shelter places are absolute necessities if the Association desire's to
supply food for the bass at a minimum cost and trouble.

The rearing of tadpoles will be found nearly if not quite as simple
a matter as the propagation of yellow perch. In this case it will
be necessary to have two or more ponds in which to keep mature
irogs. These ponds must be covered with a wire screen to keep
the creatures from escaping. Frogs deposit a large number of eggs
of a gelatinous substance within a large clump. This can be gath-
ered as fast as deposited and placed in the ordinary trout hatching
troughs. Only a trifling amount of water should be permitted to
flow through the inflow cock, and there ought to be only just enough
w^ater to cover the egg mass. After the tadpoles are hatched they
may be placed in shallow warm water ponds, until the legs begin
to show. During this transition period, they may be fed on pulver-
ized liver, but by far the best plan, as far as is known to day, is to
encourage the growth of slime, on which the little creatures will
feed. There is no known method to-day of cheaply and successfully
feeding frocTs from the time thev have Anally quitted the tadpole
Stage; therefore, planting is necessary before the transformation
is complete. Frogs may be assisted to secure live food, such as they
require, by placing across the ponds in which they are, logs close
to the water, on which is spread molasses, decayed meats or any-
thing which will attract insects. Tadpoles also must not be kept
in the same water with the mature frogs, for it is believed by many
that the mature frog is something of a canibal.

If there are hiding places in Lake Laura for yellow perch such as

10

138

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

I have already described, frogs ought to increase of themselves in
two or three years and assist materially in providing an adequate
food for the bass, although I do not think the character of the water
is such as to give hope that the increase would be as great as though
the water were much warmer, and the bottom muddier.

The rearing of helgramites is also a simple matter. All it is nec-
essary to do is to send collectors to the Delaware during the spawn-
ing time and collect the eggs from the leaves of the trees overhanging
the water. It will hardly be profitable to attempt to take the eggs
from the rocks, because too many are likely to be destroyed in the
attempt.

The eggs may be simply suspended over one of the hatching
troughs, having the bottom well covered by small stones or gravel.
The water should pass rather rapidly through the troughs, though
care should be exercised that the outlet be covered by very fine
meshed wire. After a few weeks, the little creatures may all be taken
and thrown into Lake Laura. They will immediately seek refuge
under the stones and on account of their small size will be perfectly
safe from the small-mouth bass until spring.

It requires live years for a helgramite larvae to emerge into the
perfect tly. For that period, therefore it will be necessary for your
association to rear the eggs artificially. After that the fly ought
to provide all that is necessary.

I have related the conditions which exist in Lake Laura, giving
the reasons, as they appear to my mind, for their existing and
jiointing out what seems to me to be the only remedy, and, in con-
clusion, before taking up the other subjects to which your committee
on fish and game and superintendent have requested me to consider,
I will recapitulate the recommendations, namely:

First. — Permit unrestricted fishing for small-mouth black bass
by the members for an indefinite period.

Second. — Rear yellow perch, tadpoles and helgramites as food
for the bass, by the million, annually.

Third. — He-establish water plants and lilies in the lake if possible.

It is proper to say that in a recent conversation with one of the
heads of departments of the United States Fish Commission on the
conditions which exist in Lake Laura, the latter suggested that a
number of mature German carp of the scale or mirror species be intro-
duced. This action would probably yield naturally a large quan-
titv of food for the bass, vet on the other hand the Association would
at the same time be introducing a very objectionable fish into the
waters. My antipathy to the carp is so great on account of its well-
known spawn eating habits and its other undesirable qualities, that
I cannot myself endorse this suggestion.

I spoke also of placing craw fish in the lake. I would not recom-

N'j. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

189

mend rearing these artificially, because of the danger of their getting
into the trout ponds, in which case they would create serious havoc,
but they might be secured at a small cost, by boys, from streams or
rivers adjacent to the park. If a few of them survive the attacks of
the bass these will soon restablish themselves under the stones.
This, however, I would not do until the lake is well supplied with
other foods.

I also desire to make another recommendation with respect to
Lake Earnest and Lake Belle, namely, that either the rod limits of
those lakes be removed entirely or doubled. If this recommendation
be not adopted, it is my duty to say to your Association that it cannot
be many years before they will be in the same condition as Lake
Laura now is. Bear in mind that the small-mouth bass is a won-
derfully prolific fish, and that where pure angling with a rod, hook
and line is indulged in, aud immature fish not killed, it is almost an
impossibility to exterminate them.

• Lake Giles.

An investigation into the conditions prevailing in Lake Giles de-
velopes one of the most striking examples of the, error of indiscrim-
inate stocking that I have ever come across. When the question of
stocking bodies of water is considered, it often happens that those
who are concerned go to one or the other of two extremes. One
holds that two certain species of fish, as, for instance, the pickerel
and black bass, cannot exist for any length of time in the same body
of water, that one is bound to exterminate the other. This is one
extreme, and is a position which is not supported by well-known facts
to the contrary. The other extreme is the assumption that a number
of species of fish may be put into a body of water suitable to them
and living together as a happy family, increase and multiply. This
extreme is as fallacious as the other, and is moreover what the other is
not, namely, dangerous of execution. It is dangerous because very
often it causes the extermination of the most desirable species, and
perhaps the ruin of the water as a fishing resort.

I am sorry to say that this is what, in my estimation, is the trouble
in Lake Giles. In the laudable desire to give the members the
greatest variety of fine game fishing, the Association, without
stopping to carefully consider the possible future effects, has placed
in the waters in addition to the black bass and pickerel which w^ere
there previously, the following game fislu's: lake trout, Oswego bass,
brown trout, land-locked salmon, California trout and brook trout.

I confess I cannot express much sorrow that the Association has
done this, because of the enormous value it has been to the fish cul-
tural interests. This value has been greatly increased by the careful

140

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

data which has been preserved with respect to the number of fish
which have been placed in Lake Giles, and the number which have
been taken therefrom, together with the ages of those planted and
the weights of those killed.

In consequence of this care, any testimony which may be gathered
in connection with stocking and the success or failure thereof, cannot
be otherwise than overwhelming, and settle definitely the question
for all time.

In Lake Giles the Association has a beautiful bodv of water cov-
ering 300 acres. The water is from unfailing springs in the bottom,
and everything seems favorable for the existence of any of the
fishes which have been named.

Yeats ago, the lake was famous for its black bass, and the pickerel
were also large and good fighters. Yellow perch, shiners and sun
fish were also abundant. These were all plentiful as late as fif-
teen years ago. To-day the lake is said by your officers to be en-
tirely barren of bait. The sun fish appears to have been the last
to go, their extermination having been assisted by a mistaken ac-
quienscence to complaints of members that bothered them while
fishing with a fiy for certain other game fish. The disappearance of
the bait fish was a warning that the lake was already overstocked
with the bass then in the waters. I am pleased to say that the
Association seem to have appreciated this danger and made some
strong efforts to avert the coming trouble by attempting to devise
means to increase the bait fish by natural means. One attempt was
by making ponds at one of the lakes in shoal water in which yellow
perch, etc., were confined, but this action attracted snakes and other
fish destroying creatures and the effort was a failure. Notwithstand-
ing the disappearance of bait fish, 1 find that the Associalion began
stocking heavily. The first effort in this particular appears to have
been with additional black bass of the small mouth species. One
hundred and twenty-iive large specimens w-ere brought from the
Thousand Islands in ISS.") or thereabout. In the following year over
two hundred large lisli wer«' brought from the Delaware. The object
in doing this as explained to me, was for the purpose of changing the
blood, a very laudable desiri\ but under the circumstances I do not
believe to have been necessary.

I learn that there has never been extensive fishing for black bass
in Lake Giles since it has Ikh'u owned by the Blooming Grove Paiic
Association. Like most bass lakes, black bass fishing is an uncer-
tain sport. An angler may go out and fish all day and catch only
a few fish and the next go out and capture the limit. Lake Giles is
no exception to this rule. Hence, as other fishing in other waters
gave surer sport, th(^ black bass had an opportunity to increase and
muirqny and devour all the food in the lake, both of which they did.

No. 18. FISH COMMISSIONERS. Wl

A reference to the books of the Association show the following
catches of small-mouth black bass from 1886 to the present time:

1886, 172

1887, 202

1888, 582

1889, 338

1890, 125

1891, 163

1893, 281

1894, 309

1895, 356

1896, 234

1897, 62

1898, 267

1899, 115

Total, 3,790

It is stated that in addition to the bass originally in the lake that
during the last sixteen years about 5,000 small-mouth bass have been
planted, yet only a total of 3,790 have been caught in the same time.
As bass under normal conditions increase with marvelous rapidity,
even when there is little or no food, as is proved by the conditions
in Lake Laura, there is in this showing evidently something radically
wrong.

Further examination of the books show that the association began
stocking Lake Giles with brook trout in 1888. If I recollect properly
the fish planted then and annually since were three year olds. The
annual plantings were as follows:

Y''ear. Planting. Catch.

1888, 40 12

1889 525 166

ISOO 1.300 505

189L 2,100 705

1892 4,000 1,369

1893 7,100 1,072

1894^ 4,240 2,014

1895 5,350 1 ,797

1890. 6,000 1.008

I897" 4,000 516

142

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

1898, 2,000 1,259

1899, 1,000 396

1900, 1,100 238

Totals 38,755 11,147

This table presents a very curious aspect. In nine years 38,755
trout three years old, of course of full breeding age, have been
planted, yet, although it is stated that the lake in that time has
been persistently fished from the opening to the closing of the asso-
ciation season, beginning April 1st and closing November 30th, the
aggregate catch has been but 11,147, or less than one-third of the
whole. It must be manifest to any one giving the matter the least
thought that this is far below a legitimate catch, when the waters
have been fished as much as represented. The fish planted, it must
be remembered, were three years old. and at that age are in the best
condition for spawning, depositing the finest quality of eggs. The
conditions are said not to be the best for natural spawning in this
lake; still there should have been some reproduction, and it is fair
to presume that even under unfavorable conditions there should
have been a considerable addition to the supply in the lake by natural
propagation. With such additions, the catch, instead of being less
than one-third of the whole, ought to have been at least seventy-five
per cent, of the entire planting.

This is illustrated very clearly by another reference to the tables.
In 18S8 there w^ere but forty fish planted in a body of w^ater covering
nearly 300 acres, yet of that number a dozen or a little less than one-
third were captured. During the next four seasons, one-third of each
annual planting was caught, although the rod limit was as low as
ten fish. In 1803, for some cause not explained to me, although the
planting was 7,100, only 1,072 fish were caught, a few less fish and
the catch would have been but one-half of the number planted. The
catch of 1805 was one- third, as in the years before, but since then,
with the single exception of 1898, the annual catch has shown a re-
markable fall off. In the single exception noted the catch was more
than one-half the planting, a circumstance it would be as interesting
to know the reason of as the abnormally small catch of 1893.

If one-third could be caught with a rod limit of ten, of the com-
paratively small number planted in a large body of water during
the lirst four years, it is very plain that the catch should have largely
increased in subsequent years, when the planting annually became
heavier, and this increase should have been very much greater after
1892, because of a presumed natural increase from natural spawning.
It is, therefore, very evident that there is something seriously wrong.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

143

Carrying investigation a little further it is found that in 1893 the
x\ssociation determined to plant other species of fish and in that year
introduced 1,500 lake trout of the size known as two year olds. This
was the only planting of lake trout. The following is the record
of the catch of this species of fish since: 1895, 3; 1896, 6; 1897, 21;
1898, 16; 1899, 12; 1900, none; total, 58. i^s the lake trout planted
were good sized fish and able to look out for themselves in the
struggle for existence, it is fair to presume that a large proportion
of the original 1,500 are still in the waters in which they were
placed. Under ordinary circumstances these fish should be of very
large size, but curiously enough the fish do not appear to have
grown with great rapidity or even ordinary annual growth as is
shown by the following table of weights, each fish captured by the
members having been carefully weighed and recorded. The figures
given are pounds and fractions of pounds, the 1895 fish being of course
four year olds:

1895—3-4, 1-2, 1-4.

1896—1 1-2, 1-2, 1-2, 3-4, 1-2, 1-2.

1897—9-16, 3-4, 3-4, 3-4, 3-4, 3-4, 10 oz., 3-4, 1, 3-4, 11 oz., 11 oz.,

11 oz., 7-8, 7-8, 1-2, 1 1-8, 9-16.
1898—1, 1 7-16, 1 1-4, 1 1-2, 1 1-4, 1-18, 1 1-8, 1 1-4; five fish aggre-
gating 6 1-4; two fish, 3-4 each; one fish weight unac-
counted for.
1S99— 1 3-4, 1 7-8, 2 1-4, 2, 2 1-4, 2, 2, 1 1-8, 1 5-8, 2 5-16, 1 5-8, 1
7-16.
It is evident from a casual inspection of the above table of w^eights,
that the fish caught are all of the original planting of 1893. The
remarkable evenness of the weights of each year's catch is con-
clusive evidence of this. This is not remarkable, however, at is
requires a longer period before lake trout reach maturity than its
cousin, the charr or brook trout; there could be few, if any, progeny
of a catchable size much before 1899. The most curious fact about
the table is the small annual growth of the fish planted. It shows,
indeed, that the increase in weight each year is abnormally light. If
the trout when planted were of normal size, they should have been
at least ten inches long and not far from a quarter of a pound in
weight, yet two years later, or when the fish were four years old, the
three fish caught weighly only that much. The general increase in
weight for the following year was only a quarter of a pound, four of
the fish only tipping the scales at half a pound, one weighed three-
quarters and one a pound and a half. The marked difference in
weight of this one fish and the others does not signify anything
except that it is an illustration of the fact well knowm in nature that
some of its creatures for various reasons grow faster than others.
We will often find a difference of nearly one hundred pounds betw^een

144 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

human beings of the same age, for instance. The average increase
for 1898 was about half a pound or double the average of the year
before. In 1899 the average increase was about the same. Thus,
the annual increase was from a quarter to half a pound, which, as
all fish culturists will testify is an abnormally light increase for that
species of fish and indicates that for the first year or tw^o that there
is something wrong. There must also be some reason why there was
a marked increase from a quarter to half a pound. I will endeavor
to give a reason for this in another and, 1 think, more suitable place.

The probabilities are that there are now in Lake Giles at least
one thousand lake trout weighing from 2 3-4 to 3 1-4 pounds each.

In 1890 or thereabouts your Association planted about 1,000 four-
year-old brown trout in Lake Giles. These fish presumably at the
time weighed about one and a half pounds. In 1894, 500 more were
deposited, in 1895, 350 and since then there have been planted in
the aggregate about 1,000 more. This makes in all about 2,800 brown
trout placed in this lake, all four years old, or mature fish.

From 1890 until 1894 no record was kept of the number of brown
trout captured, but it is admitted that the aggregate was quite
small. From that year to the present time the catch has been as
follows:

1894, 6

1895, B

1896, 1

1897, 7

1899, 9

JoUti (to JUlV xSlj, «.....•• tt

Total, 34

I find that in 1894 still another species of fish was planted in Lake
Giles, namely, California trout. These were three-year-old fish. One
thousand eight hundred and fifty in all were planted from that year
to this and the total catch has been 71. of which 8 were caught; in
1894, 22 in 1895, 11 in 189G, 3 in 1897, 11 in 1898, 16 in 1899, and none
this year.

The year previously still another species was planted, a very im-
portant one, by the way, and one which excited much interest at the
time among anglers throughout the State. This fish was the land-
locked salmon. With the exception of the first year all the land-
locked salmon caught were three-year-old fish, and of the first year's
planting 2,000 were yearling. The table of planting and catches
follows:

CD

CD

a

144 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

hiiinaii beings u! ilic same agv, for iusiance. The average increase
t'ni- ISDS was about lialf a pouiul or double tlie average of the year
beiore. In l^UU ihi- avciage incrcaso was about the same. Thus,
tlio aimual increase was litnn a (piartcr to lialf a pound, which, as
all lish eullurisis will tesiit'v is an alnKuinally light increase for that
spccirs ui lisii and indicaics iliai for I he first year or two that there
is sonieihing w r<»ng. There must also be some reason why there was
a markt'd increase' Irom a quaru-r to hall' a pound. I will endeavor
In give a reason for this in another and. 1 think, more suitable place.

The iirobabiiiiit's arc tliat there are now in Lake (Hies at least
one thousand lake trout weighing from '2 :»4 to 3 1-4 i)ounds each.

In ISJMI or thereabouts your Assoriation planted about l.UUO four-
vear-old lirown trout in Lake (iiles. These tish presunnibly at the
time weighed about one and a half pounds. In 1S94. 500 more were
deposit! «I. in 1>0.'). "••'•O and since then there have l>een jdanted in
the aggregate about l.(H»Om<u-e. This makes in all about 12.S00 brown
irtuit placed in this lake, all four years old. or mature lish.

J-'inm 1^:mi until 1M>1 no recoid was kept of the nund»er of brown
trout captured, but it is admitted that the aggregate was (piite
small. From that y<'ar to the pie^nt time the catch has been as
follows:

JS'.'.), • ^

iSiMJ 1

1M»7 7

181)8 5

ism 9

)SUU (to .luh 1st 1 2

T<da] t^'*

I find that in 1S04 slill another species of fish was planted in Lake
(liles. nainelv. (\ilif(U'nia trout. These were three-year-old lish. One
thousand eight hundred and lifty in all were ]>lanted frcnn that year
to tliis an«l tlie total catch has been TL of which 8 were caught; in
IMM. '2'2 in IMtn, 1 1 in 1>1m;. ;i in ISOT, 11 in 1898. k; in 18m). ami none

this year.

The year previnusly still another s]>ecies was planted, a very im-
portant one. by the way. and one whicli ex<'ited much interest at the
time among anglers thi-nnghout the State. This fish was the land-
locked salmon. With the exce]»tion of the first year all the land-
lockcil salmon cnught wei-e thiee yeai- old tish. and of the tii'st year's
planting I'.tMlo were yearling. Tlu- table of jdanting and catches
follows:

t7i

P3

o

-9

o

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

Nu 18. FISH COMMISSIONERS.

Year. Plantings. Catches.

1893, 3,500

1894, 1,700 126

1895, 600 97

1896, ... 26

1897, ... 1

1898, 1

1899, 1

1900, to July 1st,

Total, 5,800 152

145

It will be noticed here that the percentage of land-locked salmon
caught is exceedingly low considering the number planted and the
same holds good with resp<'ct to all the fish planted, with the possible
exception of the brook irout, during the earlier years. To show
better what has been done in the way of planting and catches out-
side of the black bass a recapitulation is made:

Name of Fish. Plantings. Caught.

Brook trout, 38,755 11,147

Lake trout, 1,500 58

Brown trout, 1,000 34

California trout, 1,850 72

Land-locked salmon, 5,800 152

Total, 48,905 11,463

According to this table the total catch of introduced fishes was
about one-fourth of those planted. If, however, we subtract the
brook trout from the totals we find that the total plantings were
10,150 and the catches only 310, or only one thirty-second part of
the whole.

It now behooves me to endeavor to explain what the trouble is,
for it is very evident that there is trouble of a very serious nature.
To do this it will be well to go back to the catch of small-mouth
black bass from 1S80 to the present time, and I find that it is 3,790.
Add this number to the large fish of other species caught and the
total is but 4,106. There are over 0,000 lake trout, brown trout,
California trout, and land-locked salmon unaccounted for and an
unknown number of small and large mouth bass. That the greater
proportion of these are arive is shown by the fact that there is not,

10—18—1900

146

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

as I have already noted, a vestige of bait fish in the lake. Yet when-
ever any of these species of fish are caught they all appear to be
fairly fat and in otherwise good condition.

The question is, therefore, what do these large fish live on? It
seems to me that the answer is simple. They find their food in the
thousands of three-year-old brook trout that are planted in the lake
every year for the benefit of the angling members of your club.

At first thought this may seem incredible, for a three-year-old brook
trout must be from ten to twelve inches long and weight from three-
quarters to a pound each, but it is well known in the first place that
almost any carniverous fish can swallow another almost as large
as itself, and, in the second place, that the lake trout, large-mouth
bass, brown trout, land-locked salmon and even small-mouth bass
have capacious jaws. In fact a three-year-old brook trout would
only make a good-sized mouthful for any of the fish named.

I think it may be said, without getting very far from the truth,
that had it not been for the annual planting of three-year-old brook
trout, the black bass and other species of fish planted in Lake Giles
would be as starved and stunted as those in Lake Laura.

If there were an abundant supply of food like yellow perch, shiners,
sun fish and the like in Lake Giles, it is probable that the brook trout
might be more abundant in its waters. As these fish are not there,
it affords a good illustration of the dangers of indiscriminate stock-
ing. It should teach a lesson that if the club desires to have several
species of finh in the same body of water it will be necessary, if
there be no cheap food, to provide more of the weaker sort of game
fish than there is any possibility of the stronger devouring in the
course of the year. In this case the brook trout have had to suffer.

As to the remedy to be applied, I would recommend:

First.—That all the fish in Lake Giles be destroyed by dynamite.

Second.— That a large supply of mature yellow perch and shiners
be planted.

Third.— That at the same time as many three-year-old brook trout
be i)lanted as your Association may deem desirable, to afford the
members reasonable sport, fixing a reasonable rod limit, which I
would suggest would be determined in the following manner. Di-
vide the number of fish by the days in the season, and divide this by
the estimated number of persons who usually fish the lake for brook
trout.

Fourth.— After the lapse of three years plant three or four hundred
small-mouth bass in the lake and permit a small rod limit for the
first two years, and if the catch during the following three years is
not very heavy, remove the rod limit entirely, for by that time
there should be an abundance of black bass in the lake, and a rod
limit in Lake Giles will be found to be unnecessary, unless conditions

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

147

change from what they have been described to me to have been.
As I have before noted, it is almost impossible to deplete a lake of
black bass where rod fishing only is permitted and where a fish of
less than nine inches is not permitted to be retained.

Fifth. — Ordain that no bass of less than nine inches be retained,
but that all bass of less size than nine inches be returned to the
water. I desire to say in this connection that while it is true that in
some or even many instances a fish is wounded by a hook, yet in the
great majority of cases the fish, if carefully handled by the angler,
will not die. Even though the majority of hooked fish were to die,
it would be better to return such fish to the w-ater than to basket
them. But I can give absolute proof that the percentage of bass
that are hooked will not die if returned to the water.

The Pennsylvania Fish Commission frequently has occasion to pro-
cure small-mouth bass for its work and these are almost invariably
caught by fishermen with the hook and line. It is an exceedingly
rare thing for any of these fish to die. Last year the Commission
purchased two hundred small-mouth black bass and nearly three
hundred rock bass, all of which were caught with a hook and line.
These were placed in ponds in the two trout stations and not a single
fish died. What is said of the black bass is equally true of the brook
trout. These and most fish will only die is roughl}' handled, or if
the hook wounds them seriously in the gills or throat.

Fifth. — Do not plant black bass from any of the lakes within your
grounds. I should advise getting them from Lake Erie or the Thou-
sand Islands. Be careful there are no Oswego bass among them.

Sixth. — Plant annually large quantities of feed in the shape of
yellow perch fry, until the mature fish, planted the first year, are
able to supply the lake naturally.

I now come to the last matter to be touched upon in my report,
namely, the condition of some of the trout streams within the terri-
tory of your Association. I do so with some hesitation and with
much less confidence than I have done in the cases of Lakes Laura
and Giles, because I gave the condition of the streams far less
attention and, therefore, cannot reply on the same amount of data.
I saw enough, however, to warrant me in feeling some concern with
respect to the condition of the Shohola Creek, and i)erhaps of the
Blooming Grove as well. I was led to add something about these
two streams by the recjuest of one of the members of your committee,
in consequence of something which appeared in one of my letters
to him subsequent to my visit to the Association grounds last July.
I said to him, that I was pretty well satisfied that the Shohola Creek
was no longer a natural trout stream, that it had reached this lament-
able condition through mistaken methods of stocking, or words to
that effect.

148

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Yielding to his request, I will give you what I saw, which came
UDder mj observation and which was told me by those in a position
to know and therefrom draw my conclusions for your benefit.

I knew the Shohola Creek in my boyhood as one of the best
trout streams in Pike County. On my visit to your grounds four years
ago, I spent some hours on one of its stretches and caught nearly
if not quite my rod limit. If my recollection serves me aright the
fish which I basketed on that day ran from six to twelve inches in
length, with the exception of four which were under six inches
long, the smallest, I think, about four inches. My further recollec-
tion is that the majority of these fish were what are known as wild
trout, that is fish that had either been naturally spawned in the
stream or been planted long enough to lose the sombre hues and
yellow spots of the hatchery bred trout and take on the lighter colors
and crimson spots of the true wild fish. That this was more likely
to be the case, since the basket was seen by the late Henry C. Ford,
then President of the State Fish Commission, and several other
experienced anglers, and had any considerable number of them ap-
peared like hatchery bred fish they would surely have remarked it.

This year I spent again a few hours on the same stream in company
with one of the members of your committee, and caught a number
of fish. In both baskets there was but one wild trout. All the
fish were about the same size, namely, three or four vear olds, and
throughout the entire stretch of water I neither caught nor saw
a small trout. An examination of the refrigerator where the fish
are kept, revealed scarcely a wild trout taken from either the Shohola
or the Blooming Grove.

I have been informed that very few red spotted or wild trout
are caught within the preserve from these streams, and furthermore
I am informed that very few small fish have been taken within the
last year or two, the catches being almost exclusively the trout
which were planted from time to time from the hatchery. "^

I am further told that it is necessary to stock both the Shohola
and the Blooming Grove several times each season with mature
fish in order that the members may be able to catch nearly or quite
their quota.

If I have not been misled by my memory, if I have observed cor-
rectly, and if my information is correct, my conclusion that the
Shohola (;reek at least is no longer a natural trout stream.

I may also add to this perhaps startling piece of information that
this is not because the stream has been fished out by anglers, but
is almost certainly the result of

First — Over production;

Second— The planting of too large fish.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

149

Since and before my connection with the Pennsylvania Fish Com-
mission, I have been appealed to time and again to support bills in
the Legislature, having for their object the naming of a daily rod
limit for brook trout, and 1 have steadily refused. I have also been
importuned by hundreds of friends of anglers to become an advo-
cate of the Pennsylvania Fish Commissions abandoning its practice
of distributing four-months-old trout for planting, and substituting
yearlings or older. I have likewise steadily refused to do this.
I have also frequently been importuned by applicants for trout fry,
to endeavor to have the Fish Commissioners grant then three or
more times the number of fish usually given to an applicant, and I
have usually declined to do this.

It is frequently the case that applicants have written on their
application forms requests for very large quantity of fish. These
doubtless feel that if their reciuests were granted it would redound
to the benefit of the stream. The Commissioners know better and,
consequently, with ver}' rare exceptions, these requests are not
granted, even when there is a good supply of fry in the hatcheries.

Friendsof fish culture and the increase of fish in our streams should
learn the lesson that:

First — A rigid rod limit may be in time a detriment and not a
benefit to a stream or a lake.

Second — That it is possible to overstock a stream or lake with
fish.

Third — That the planting of large fish may do more to injure a
stream than the work of the fisherman.

A rod limit per diem, while it is a good thing under some circum-
stances, may defeat the very purpose for which it is intended. A
rod limit, for instance, in a public stream or lake, where any one
may fish at all times during the open season would generally be an
uncpialified benefit, although a rod limit would not be beneficial in
all public streams, and in others would be wholly unnecessary.

A flexible rod limit in a stream controlled by an organization,
the members of which visit it frequently is also desirable; the
same holds goods of a stream only a portion of which is under the
control of an organization, but a rod limit on waters not frequently
fished and controlled by an organization and preserved strictly for
the members, should onlv be ordained after the most careful thought,
and then be subject to frequent change as conditions change. For
instance, suppose a stream ten miles long be controll(»d by a corpora-
tion of one hundred members. A rod limit of twenty-five trout a
day is made. One-tenth of the members fish daily six days in the
week, catching their limit ciuli time. That would be two hundred
and fifty a day, fifteen hundred a week, or nineteen thousand five
hundred for the season. Unless that stream was wonderfully pro-
lific it is easy to see that it would soon be fished out.

150

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Suppose now that the corporation planted in that stream annu-
ally thirty thousard fish of catchable size. If the same number
were caught as given in the previous paragraph and the stream was
one in which the fish would under ordinary circumstances naturally
spawn, it will not take any one long to figure out that that stream
must become overstocked, and unless the food therein increased in
the same ratio, there would be nothing for the fish to feed on except
each other.

So, if a stream becomes very full of fish, the rod limit ought to be
removed entirely or increased so that a large proportion of the
number planted would be caught each year.

According to figures given me the annual hatching of brook trout
in the hatchery of the Blooming Grove Park Association is about
350,000. These are planted at different stages of growth, about
15,000 four year olds. .S0,000 two year olds, 5,000 yearlings and 300,-
000 frv.

A reference to tables show that the annual catch of trout is about
6,000. This is far too few in proportion to the number of mature
fish planted, to say nothing of the fry. But the mere assertion of
this does not show how it is that the Shohola and the Blooming Grove
Creeks, according to my judgment, are no longer natural trout
streams, at least on first thought. But the fact seems to be that
the large surplus of mature brook trout have completely cleaned up
the small fish in the streams, do not allow anything to reach ma-
turity, and when they reach large size work their way from the
stream or perhaps be caught by animal enemies to the fish.

It is exceedingly difficult to advise the best course to pursue to
restore tiie Shohola and the Blooming (J rove Creeks to be natural
trout streams, providing I have been right in my assumptions. I
have given the matter considerable thought and I confess that noth-
ing that has come to my mind that seems to be to be entirely satis-
factory and at the same time meet the peculiar requirements of the
members of your club.
The best I can offer is the following:
First. — Take one stream at a time, say the Shohola.
Second. — Plant no more mature fish in that stream.
Third. — Plant nothing larger than yearlings, preferably younger.
Fourth. — Make a temporary rod limit of twenty-five fish per day.
Fifth. — Rule that no fish returned to the water counts towards
limit.

Sixth. — Rule that no fish under six inches preferably seven inches,
shall be basketed.

Seventh. — Bear in mind always that no greater misfortune can
happen to a trout stream than to plant therein any quantity of mature
trout; that the best ages are before the first spawning.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

151

I am aware that there is a great controversy among fish culturists
on the proper age of trout to procure the best results, some advo-
cating mature fish, others fry, but without argument I submit the
case to your judgment on the evidence which your own streams afford.
Personally, I would not plant trout except the four or five months'
size.

The above is respectfully submitted.

W. E. MEEHAN,
Asst. Secretary and Statistician of the Penna. Fish Commission

152

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

FISH CULTURE BY LAND OWNERS.

To William E. Meelian, Esq., Assistant Secretary and Statistician of

the Pennsj'lvania Fish Commission:

My Dear Sir: Experience for several jears in the work of fish
hatching induces me to write to you on a subject which we have
discussed together more than once, and as to which it may lead to
some practical benefit, to have some of the results noted down. One
point that has occurred to us is the fact that practically very little
has been done in Pennsylvania apart from the annual distribution
of trout fry by the State Fish Commission to benefit or cultivate the
waters of this Commonwealth, which are privately owned. Streams
of water which would in any European country be directly under
control of the government, such creeks as the Conestoga and the
Ferkiomen are here the property and under the control of the
owners of the soil over which thev flow. Manv of these streams
and lakes are in the midst of farms and gardens, which the owners
are carefully cultivating, and the most anxious industry is being
exerted to make the best profit out of these lands. This anxiety
stops at the edge of the water. The owner pays taxes on the land
beneath it, but, except to water his cattle, or to turn his mill
wheel, he generally makes no profit out of this portion of his prop-
erty. One really important problem of the farmer should be, how
to cultivate those fields of water, which now lie idle.

The truth is that the waters, if cultivated carefully, and with
knowledge, should be made to yield a profit to the owners, with
almost the same certainty as the planted fields and gardens.

To do this, however, with any degree of satisfaction, the owners
along the stream for several miles should combine, forming a com-
pany for the purpose of improving their waters, much on the same
principle as farmers have for years associated themselves in operat-
ing creameries. The control of from five to ten miles of a stream,
or the whole of a lake or pond having been thus obtained, then comes
up the question, what shall be planted and how can the property
be managed?

TJie value of water is mainly in the fish or other animals which
can be caught out of it. but if all the human energy is devoted to the
task of taking out and none is put in, the result will be the speedy
exhaustion of the supply, and the failure of the company. Intel-

-3
W

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152

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

FISH CULTURK BY LAND OWNERS.

To W'illiniii E. Meehaii, Ksij.. Assislani Sim rciary and Statistician of

the l*eiins\ hanla Fisli Conniiission:

My J)t'ar Sir: Kxpciiciici' lor scvuial years in the work of fish
liatcliiiiii iiidiucs iiie l«) write lo you on a subject wliieh we have
discussed lo^eiher nuMe iliau once, and as to whieli it may lead to
s«»nie praclical iK'nejii. to liaxc some of the results noted down. One
l»oint that iias occurn d to us is the fact that praciicallv very little
has Iteen done in JN-niisylvania apart from the annual distribution
of trout fiy by liie State I'ish (Nuuiuission to benelit or cultivate the
wat<'rs of tliis ( "oiumon wealth, which are ju'lvateiy owned. Streams
of water wjiich Nsouhl in anv l']uronean conntrv Ik* direcllv under
control of the uoverinueiit, such cre<*ks as the rnnestoga and the
I'erkiomen aie here the propi-rty and under the control of the
owners of the soil oscr which thev How. Manv of these streams
and lakes nie in the miilst of farms ar.d gardens, which the owners
are car<'fullv cultisatiuu. and the most anxious industry is beinff
exerted to make the best juotit out of these lands. This anxiety
stops at the edm' of the water. The owner pays taxes on the land
beueath it. but. except lo water his cattle, or to turn his mill
wheel, he a«»neially makes no pinjit out of this jMUtion of his prop-
erty, (hie i«*ally impiU'tant juiddem <d' the fari'ier shotild be, how
to cultivate th'sr I'h'jds of water, which now lie idle.

The truth is that the waters, if cultivated carefully, and with
1 iiowledue. sliould In' ruade to yield a profit to the owners, with
almost the *<ame ci ri;»iiiiy as the planted tiehls ami ji'ardiuis.

To do this. howev«'r. with any deuree id' satisfaction, the owners
alonu the stream for seyeial luiles shoitld combine, f<U'min*r a com-
]»aiiy for the pui*pose (d' improving their wateis. mtndi on the same
principle as farm<'is lia\e Um years associated themstdves in operat-
ing cieiiHieiies. The control nf from live to ten miles of a stream,
or the whole of a lake or p(»ud having" lieeu thus (drained, then comes
up the <juestion, what shnll be jdanted and how can tin* property
be manau«Ml?

The \alue i)\' wajer is mainly in the fish or other animals which
can be cauuht otit of it. but if all the human enerjxy is devoted to the
task of takiim nut and none is ])ut in. the result will be the speedy
exhaustion nf tlu' supjdy, and tlu' failure of the coiiipany. Tntel-

t73

>

CO

>

CD

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

Nc. 18. FISH COMMISSIONERS. 153

ligent and careful planting must be the first study of the farmer,
and water should be planted on exactly the same principles which
govern as to the cultivation of the soil. That only should be planted
which will grow and prosper in it, and that which is planted must
be some animal which, when grown, can be sold at a profit.

Generally speaking, there are two classes of fish — game fish, of
which the principal value is the sport of catching them — and food
fish, which are commercially valuable. As to game fish, associa-
tions of land owners planting their waters with them would probably
receive the most jn'ofit by charging anglers a fixed sum for the
privilege of fishing. This could certainly be done profitably if the
owners of good spring water streams near large cities would combine
to form trout preserves. It seems to be commonly supposed that
trout will prosper only in the mountain streams. This is an error.
There are many streams within an hour's ride of Philadelphia which
could, with careful cultivation, be made as good trout streams as
any in the State, and which would well repay the owners the trouble
and care of planting. The building of a small hatchery near the
spring-head, or the fitting up of an ordinary spring house for the
purpose would be cheap and easy. The account might be stated
thus:

The hatchery would cost about, |100 00

Expense of operating per season, 20 00

Wages of hatcher, five months at f30.00 150 00

50,000 eggs at 50 cents per thousand, 25 00

The hatcherv should be operated for three seasons before

fishing should be allowed, cost for two seasons, 390 00

Interest account and taxes for three years, say, 55 00

Cost of operating hatchery for three years f 740 00

The production of the hatchery should be about 50,000 trout fry
each year, or in all, for the three seasons, 150,000, costing $4.93
a thousand. At the end of three and a half years, if fishing has been
strictly prohibited, the stream should have in it at least 30,000 three-
year-old trout, average length 11 inches and weight three-quarters
of a pound; 35.000 two-year-olds, length nine inches and w'eight one-
half of a pouri; 40,000 yearlings, length six inches- and weight one-
quarter of a pound, about 105,000 trout large enough to be an object
to fish for. If the preserve were eight miles long, this would be a
planting of about 12.500 trout of adult size for each mile of fishing,
and this would make as well stocked a stream as anv in the State.
If situated within an hour's ride by rail of any large city, there
would be no difticulty in selling five (5) fishing tickets for each day
11

154 REPORT OF THE Off. Doc.

in the open season, giving to the ticket holder the right to catch by
lawful means not more than thirty trout, at least seven inches
long, within the day. A fair price for such a ticket as to creeks so
situated would be two dollars. The trout season, leaving out Sun-
days, is seventy-eight days in each year, which would work out a
gross income of |780 per season. This amount would, in the first
season repay the entire expenses of the three years, and leave a profit
of |40 to the company. The area of land beneath an average brook
of spring water eight miles long is about ten acres, or for the first
year's practical business the profit over all expenses would be |4.00
for each acre. It must be remembered, however, that if the total
catch allowed by the tickets were made the catch would only be
11,700 trout, so that there would still remain in the stream from
90,000 to 94,000 adult fish. If the planting were continued at 50,000
fry yearly, the stream would soon become overstocked; that is, there
vv'ould not be food enough in it for the fish to live on, and a stunted
and diseased breed of fish would be the result. This is prevented
by diminishing the number of fry planted, which might well be cut
down to 25,000, thus lessening also the expenses of the hatchery
somewhat, but not much, for it takes one man's time to run a hatcherv
and the principal item is his wages. The buying of trout eggs would,
however, be stopped, and the trout would be arrested on their way to
their spawning beds, stripped of their eggs and returned to the
stream.

The yearly expenses would then be:

P'or hatchery expenses, about |15 OO

Wages, 150 00

Taxes and repairs, say, 15 00

Total expenses, |180 00

Against an income of, 780 00

Profit yearly, |600 00

Or 175.00 for each mile of stream or 100.00 for each acre of land pre-
served. Making due allowance for bad fishing seasons, diseases in
the fish and untoward accidents, these figures would seem to indicate
that the gains which might be made out of well located trout pre-
serves would be greater in proportion to their area than the profit
of tilling the lands through which the streams flow. It is impossible
to give a complete list of the water specially available for improve-
ment of this kind, but near T'hiladelphia are the springs at the head
of Brandywine Creek, the hend of French Creek and Pickering Creek,

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

165

in Chester county; the A^alley Forge Creek and Trout Run, in Mont-
gomery county, and the brook at Spring Mill, Sandy Run and the
springs at the head of Wissahickon Creek, just outside of the city
limits, all well located, cold enough and easy of access. If, at the
same time, the brook owners association would maintain, convenient
to its waters, a respectable house where fishermen could lodge
comfortably and take their families, it would add to the convenience
of the property and probably also to the profits of the association.
The above figures are based on personal knowledge, and trout are
mentioned because this is undoubtedly the most promising use to
which to put small cold spring waters. In the cultivated parts of
the State, however, most of the privately owned waters are too
warm for the successful cultivation of trout, but the natural in-
habitants of these warmer waters are also valuable. As to these
larger streams, the most prolific, strongest and most valuable fish,
probably the least troublesome and most profitable, are the black
bass and the white cat fish. These are bred in shallow ponds, with
bottoms of common gravel, the proper number of adult fish being
put into the ponds before the spawning season commences, where
tliey mate, prepare their spawning beds, lay their eggs and take care
of them until the fry are hatched. The parent fish are then removed,
and the fry fed until large enough to be planted in the streams. The
more valuable of these fish is the black bass, being both a game
fish and also a good fish for the market. They grow rapidly under
favorable conditions and aw very jnolific. They thrive best in rather
warm streams flowing over clean, rocky or gravelly beds, and through
country where manufacturing is not carried on, and wlu^re the water,
not being fouled by the refuse from factories and the drainage of
towns, is pure and clean. Such waters as the Conestoga, the Brandy-
wine, the Perkiomon and the Neshaminy would make good preserves
for warm water fish. The Wissahickon, as its name indieates, would
be a good water in which to grow cat fish, for its name in the language
of the Indians who once lived along it, means "the place of cat
fish," ''Wissa-mehkan." and until a comparatively recent time the
stream was full of them. The natural conditions are now nearlv
restored, and stocking this stream above the city limits with white
cat fish would probably be successful. When grown in clean w^ater,
away from sewage and filth, there is no better fish for the table than
freshly caught white cat fish. They are of delicious flavor, and if a
regular supply of them were provided there would undoubtedly be
a good, sleady, profitable demand for them in the market. For
warm water fish in large creeks, the preserves should not be less
than ten miles long, and should, if possible, in<'lude the entire length
of the creek, and the hatchery ponds should be placed at the upper
end of the holding, so that the young fish could be planted in shallow
water, and would drift down into the deeper waters as they grow up.

156

REPORT OB' THE

Off. Doc.

The question naturally arises, what is to prevent fish from tray-
ing? When put in the water they are free to swim anywhere. This
is true in theory; in point of fact, trout must remain in the spring
water, for they cannot live in warm creeks, and river fish do not drift
very far from where they are planted. All fish spawn in the shallow
waters towards the head of the streams, and will always come back
to the place where they were planted, in spawning time, and the
only inducement to them to wander is the search for food. If there
is plenty of food for them they will remain nearly where they are
planted, and ten miles will cover the length of their general wander-
ing. A disposition to travel should be met by feeding them. As
to cat fish, a good food for them cheap and easily obtained is the
fresh refuse meat lights, etc., from slaughter houses, cut up fine with
a sausage meat cutter. A small quantity of this material, dropped
into the still waters will prevent cat fish from wandering. It must
be used perfectly fresh, otherwise it will pollute the water and spoil
the preserve, and too much artificial food should not be given, as
it will affect the flavor of the fish and diminish their market value.

As to black bass, the privilege of fishing for them could readily
be let out, as has been already indicated for trout, and also they could
be caught by the association itself for the market. Black bass in-
crease rapidly in numbers where the waters are favorable. They
should not be caught smaller than ten inches long. They eat live
animal food, crayfish, the small mussels and water insects which are
common on a rocky bottom, frogs, minnows and small fish of all kinds
being their prey. There is no gamer fish for his size than the black
bass from a pound to three pounds in weight. In shallow waters
they rise readily to the fly, and good waters carefully stocked and
preserved with them would pay at least as well as trout streams;
they should pay better, for the open season is twice as long. A few
matters would have to be attended to, different from trout pre-
serves, to make a black bass preserve successful and attractive.
In streams so large that fishing is done from boats, careful boatmen
and good boats should be provided, and at all bass fishing preserves
a good supply of live bait should be kept on hand, and for these a
proper charge should, of course, be made. The best general live bait
for bass is the young cat fish, and these are easily obtained and kept
alive until used. And this brings us to the suggestion that for large
creeks it would be well to plant both the cat fish and the black bass,
putting in more of the former, so as to provide the black bass with
a good food on which they will thrive, for bass are a most greedy and
voracious fish, and will soon exhaust the natural food supplies of
water in which they are planted in any great number. Knowledge
of the habits of the black bass would indicate that for every hun-

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

157

dred bass planted, it would be well to plant five hundred to a thou-
sand cat fish, and they should not all be put out at the same time,
but the cat fish should be planted at intervals throughout the season,
those hatched latest being kept the longest, so as to provide food
for the bass, thereby inducing them to remain within the preserve.
Enough cat fish would escape destruction to stock the water, so
that they could be caught for the market, and in this way the ex-
pense of operating two hatcheries would work out a profit to corres-
pond. There is no lawful close season for cat fish; the law permits
their capture at any time of the year, Sundays excepted, so if waters
are well stocked with them, they could be caught and sent to
market for about eight months out of each year. Further experi-
ence may so increase the knowledge of this subject as to enlarge the
list of fish that may be planted and grown for profit, but the above
mentioned are now known to be good, to wit: the brook trout (salvel-
inus fontinalis), for cold spring waters, and black bass and white
cat fish for the larger and warmer creeks.

As to ponds: Most of these in the farming portions of Pennsyl-
vania are small and of warm water, where cat fish would do well.
But what is needed in these waters is careful experiment, and that
has never been made, as to the propagation and growth for the
market of an animal which commands a high price — the frog. Re-
cent work by the Superintendent of the State Fish Hatchery at
Corry, indicates that the young frog, the tadpole, can be obtained
very cheaply and easily. The foundational, or basic, experiment
has been successfully tried; what is now^ needed is to find out a good,
cheap food for them. The frog has been observed to feed on insects,
and he also eats small fish. Encouragement of the growth, or artifi-
cial propagation of insects for fish food has never, so far as we have
heard, been practiced in this country, although in England the eggs
of the May-fly are gathered and placed on the bushes along pre-
served trout streams to increase the supply of fish food. Experi-
ments in propagating the minnow have not been conducted either,
but successful cultivation of the pond for profit would soon become
an accomplished fact, if some cheap suitable food were found for
the frog. He is an alert, active animal, takes good care of himself,
has not many natural enemies and from these careful watching of
small ponds, fenced with wire netting, would keep him free. They
grow rapidly; their meat is rather more delicate than spring chicken
and about twice as valuable.

Another iiiliabitant of ponds which has not been experimented with
at all, but for which there is constant demand and a good price
offering in the market, is the snapping turtle. They grow to be very
large, but it is not known whether they grow rapidly or not. The
largest one the writer ever saw he helped you to catch; you will no

158

REPORT OF THE

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doubt remember that he weighed thirty-six pounds, and kept our
camp supplied with superior pepper-pot for several days. In view
of the value of this animal in the market, it would be aii interesting
experiment to keep a dozen or two of them in a pond of clean water,
well fenced in, considerably back from the bank, as they like to
come onto the land, both to bask in the sun and to lav their eggs in
their nesting season. Their habits and rapidity or growth could then
be carefully observed, and the possibility of cultivating them for
the market could be determined. Nothing else of value could be
grown in the same pond or enclosure with them, as thev prey greedily
on young water fowls and fish of all kinds. One point'in faVor of the
cultivation of frogs and turtles for the market is that as they can
be carried for considerable distances without suffering injury, they
could be sent to market alive, and be delivered alive, or freshlv killed,
to the consumer, but experiment has not yet been carried far* enough
to more than indicate the possible value of these animals.

More might be said about the cultivation of lake trout and muscal-
longe in the cold water lakes, of pickerel, perch and sun fish in
warmer waters, and of the minnow, roach and dace as a fish food
for waters overstocked with the more voracious species, and also
about restoring to the ponds of the wilder districts where there are
woods and the winters are cold, that most valuable of the fur-bear-
ing animals the beaver. Enough has, however, been said to justify
the assertion that there are opportunities for profit in the private
waters of Pennsylvania, which have always been and now are neg-
lected, and of which it would be comparatively easv and cheap to take
advantage, and this is written in the hoi>e that the farmers of this
State may be encoura,ir<Hl \o take the first steps to bring this waste
and neglect to an end.

I remain, my dear sir.

Very sincerely yours,

CHAS. WETIIERILL.
Philadelphia, July 2, 1900.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

159

FACTS ABOUT FISH.

By W. E. Meehan.

There are many i)ersons who desire to know something about fish,
but become discouraged when the attempt to learn from the many
published works on the subject. I have here endeavored to present
in paragraph form some general information which may meet the
needs of some. I do not pretend to have covered the whole sub-
ject or to have done more than touch upon the salient points. It
will be found sufiicient. however for most teachers of elementary
schools to enable them to imi>art the outlines of animal embryology
as a continuation of their instructions in vegetable embryology. It
will be found on running over these i)ages that there is a remarkable
resemblance between the development of the fish in its earlier stages
to that of the young plant from the period of fertilization to the time
of the absorption of the sac and cotyledon.

The meaning of the term ''cold and warm blooded animals'' is that
the blood of one is cold and the oth<*r warm to the touch.

Fish are cold blooded animals.

A whale is not a fish. It is a warm blooded animal.

All lish have scales, but some fish have the scales covered by a
thick skin, which hides the scales. Catfish and eels are examples of
this fact.

The size of a fish does not determine the size of its scales. Some
fish have very large scales in ])roportion to their size, as, for instance,
the shad. Other fish have exceedingly small scales when compared
with its size; the salmon has scales, for instance, which are almost
microscopic.

The sturgeon, during the triassic period, was covered with a heavy
armor to ])rotect it from its enemies. The sturgeon of to-day, how-
ever, has little of the armor remaining.

The young sturgeon is protected by armor, but this nearly all dis-
appears as th(^ fish reaches maturity.

The slime on a fish is as necessary to its life as perspiration is to a
man.

The chief propulsive power of a fish is not by means of the fins,
but by sinuous motions of the body, giving it a movement some-
what like the wheels of a bicycles, or better still, the motion of a
siiake.

160

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

All fish do not have the same number of tins. The number depends
on the species.

Some fish have at birth fins which disappear before maturity.
The chief function of the fins of fishes is for balancing and steer-
ing. The spin-like parts of the fins are called rays.

The names of the principal fins are: dorsal, caudal, annal and pec-
toral.

The body of a fish is divided into four parts, head, trunk, tail and
fins.

The head of a fish ends at the back of the gills, the trunk just back
of the vent.

Fish in general, as compared with other vertebrates, have large
eyes.

The habitat of fish may often be determined by the size of their
eyes. Uusually fish with very large eyes are nocturnal in their
habits or dwell in very deep water, where there is some light. Very
small-eyed fishes usually inhabit muddy water or are at depths
where scarcely any light penetrates.

The so-called blind fishes of caves, either have rudimentary eyes,
or these organs are covered bv skin.

The mouth is the only organ of attack which fishes possess.
Weapons on other parts of the body are for defensive purposes only.

The jaws of fishes may be provided with skinny appendages called
barbels, which, if developed and movable, are sensitive organs of
touch. The cat fish is a good illustration of a fish having fully de-
veloped barbels.

The majority of fishes have a double opening in the notrils, but
some have but one.

The purpose of gills in fishes is to separate the air used by them
for breathing. The water is taken through the mouth and expelled
through the gills. Thus, if the gills of a fish are injured, death is
likely to follow.

The brain of fishes is relatively small.

The brain of a pike is the one thirteen hundred and fifth part of
the weight of the fish. In the shark, it is one seven hundred and
twentieth.

Fishes possess all the spino-cerebral nerves of the higher verte-
brates, with the exception of the nervous accessorius. A separate
nervous hypoglossus is also absent.

In most fishes the organ of smell is double, there being one on each
side. It consists of a sac, lined with a peculiar membrane, and may
be provided with one or two openings or none.

Fish are inferior to higher vertebrates in range and accurancy of
vision.

PC

en

CD

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a

to

CD
2:

160

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

All fish do not have the same number of lins. The number depends
on the species.

Some tish have at birth fins which disappear before maturity.

The ehief function of the lins of lisl

ing. The spin-like parts of the tins are called

ies is for balancing; and steer

ravs.

The names of the principal has are: dorsal, caudal

toral.

annal and pec-

The body of a fish is divided into fo

fins.

ur parts, head, trunk, tail and

The head of a fish ends at i\w back of the ^nHs. the trunk just back

of the vent

Fish in general, as compared with other vertebrates, have 1

arjre

ejes.

The habitat of fish may often be determined bv the size of their

eyes. Uusuallv fish with v

habits or dwell in very deep water, where tl

ery lar«i(' eyes are nocturnal in tl

leir

small

eyed fishes usuallv inhabit

where scarcely any lijiht jienetrate

The s()-called blind lishes of cav

or these ()r«ians ai-e covered bv skin.

lere is soun' lij^ht. ^'ery
muddy water or are at depths

es. either have rudinn^ntar

V eves.

Th

Weaj

e mouth is the only orj^an (.f atta<k which tisl

K)ns on other jjarts of tin* bodv are for defe

les jtossess.

Tl

le jaws o

f lisl

nsive purposes

onlv

ICS

may be j.rovided with skinny appenda«:es called

barbels, which, if developed and movabi

toucli

I. Ihe .at fish is a ^ood illustration of a fish 1
velo])ed barbels.

e. are sciisiiive organs of
laviiig fullv de-

Th

e ma

some have but one

jority of lishes have a double opening in the notrils, but

Tl

le purp.»s«. of oJUs in lishes is to separate the air used bv tl

for breath in:

lem

Til

through the gills. Tl
likelv to follow.

e water is taken tlii-ough the mouth and expelled

lUS.

if tl

le

:ill

s of a lish are injured, death i:

The brain of hshes is relativel

V sma

The brain of a pike is tl

le o

the weight of ihe lish. In tin' shark it

ne ihiiieen hundred and lifih part of

twentieth.

Fisl
bratc

les jjossess

111! tl

lo sjjino ce

'bral

n

s, witJi the exception of th

is one seven hundred and

erves of the higher v(M'te

nervous hypoglossus is also isbsent

e nervous aecessorius. A separate

Jn most lishes the organ of smell is dotible. there 1

side

leifm one on (»ach

It

CO

nsists of a sa.-. lined with a peculiar membrane, and

be jirovidcMl with one <ir two opening!

ma V

oi' linne

Fish are infcM-ior to higher vertebrnt

es in rangr' and acrurancv of

visum.

PC
t^

-a

CD

LQ

CO
■CD

a

PC

CD

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h\

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1'

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^'^:

1

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

f

1

Nc. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

161

The majority of fishes swallow their food without mastir^tinn h f
^v perform this function wirnout mastication, but

jaw ^ '^'^ '"■°'*' ^^'^ '« «'>'^^- «n "tension of the upper

^Jn a,I^fi.Les the teeth are shed and renewed during the course of

;Zlt'' ""^'^"^ '"•^•^- '^^ ^'-^ -.esef andtZe iVJ
whic'h itTnti::"" '^ ''^""^"^^•'^'' ^^ ^^•^ '-«« -o-t of fat

?r:htfrnS^V;i':'^rr "^ ''^•^^^" ^^ ^-^'^^ *•-- o^'^-.

speoiflc gravit" '"■ ^'"*"^'^'" '" "^''^^ '"« ^o regulate their

Relative to the size of the body the heirt nf n fi=i, •

Very little is known nf fi.. i- ^ ^^^- '* ^«'''y ^mall.

there-are less th 'n twent I ,'"'"' ^■'"''' ""^''^ ««•>• ^^ «•'
on the eJ^s V r^, rri;''^^ ^°°"-; complaints, namely: Fungus

of the e X; in'; t h n. r; 7.%°' *'! '^"'^•^'" '• «f-ng"'«t^n
5, deformit ^of birtW 7' ' f'""" ' ^'""P^-^' "•• *""« swelling;

l-d:n.anit: L.itor,T*^;^^ "'-s on the

14. irritation of the op io n r^e 7 fntt r''' ""''' oPthalmia;
]S snnftn^ „„ 1 ,n ' ' '• '"^^-^ degeneration of the vitals-

l:n:r' ' ^j^c^t::'^^ ^y ^^t- ''■ "--»'«■■•- ^-^^

stomach. ^' • ^""^°'^«t'"g; 23. paralysis; 24, tumor of

11— 18— moo

162

REPORT OB^ THE

Off. Doc.

Remedies for sick fish are almost unknown. A batli in salt water,
however, is often efficacious. Even well fish are benefitted occa-
sionally by a bath in a very weak solution of salt water.

The eggs of fish are not impregnated in the ovaries, but after they
have been deposited by the female.

The fertilization of fish eggs is almost identical with that of the
seeds of plants.

Fish eggs may be kept six days after being expressed by the
female, and yet be capable of being fertilized. The milt of the male
may also be taken and kept for the same length of time without its
losing its vitalizing power.

Fecundated eggs of the shad and other fish have been safely trans-
ported across the American continent to California and hatched there.

There is scarcely a month in the calendar in which fish of some
species or genus do not spawn.

Some fish deposit their eggs on stones, brush or aquatic plants, the
ova adhering by a glutinous substance which surrounds them. These
are fish which make no nests.

Some fish make nests and deposit their eggs therein. The sun fish
is an example of the nest-making fishes.

Fish which make no nests, do not guard their eggs, but desert
them as soon as they are deposited. Nest building fishes, however,
guard their eggs during incubation as carefully as a chicken protects
its young.

Certain genus of fishes as, for example, the cat fish guard their
young for some time after hatching, leading them around the same as
ti, chicken her brood.

All fish eggs do not hatch in the same space of time. There
is considerable variation even among species. The eggs of some
species as, for example, the shad, hatch in about four days or even
less, those of other as, for example, the trout, recpiire about two
months.

The temperature of the water also has a bearing on the period of
the incubation of fish eggs. The colder the water the longer it
requires for a fish efrcr to hatch. 1^- raising the temperature of the
water, a trout e^^ may be hatched in thirty days.

The longer the time consumed in hatching an o^^^^ the more vigorous
the young will be.

The spawn or eggs of a shad will hatch in from fifty-two to sixty
hours in water tlu' temperature of whieh is 2 degrees. The best
temi)erature is about ^2 degrees.

The number of eggs i)rodu(ed by ditferent si)ecies varies greatly.
The number of eggs dejiosited by fish of the same s]>ecies also varies
greatly according to the age of the fish. A first sjmwner salmon,
for instance, will lay about 10,000 eggs and afterwards about 1,000

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

163

additional each year thereafter for several years. A cod fish will
yield about 1,000,000, a herring about 50,000, a shad from 20,000 to
90,000, a sturgeon about 50,000,000 eggs.

The 3'ellow perch eggs are the most remarkable in appearnce of any
of the American fishes. They are in an envelope which closely re-
sembles the sides of an accordeon, and has the appearance of fine lace.

A very small proportion of the eggs of fishes, when deposited natur-
ally, produce young.

If all the eggs of fishes were incubated and the young reached ma-
turity, the rivers and seas would be so full that thev could not be
navigated.

When spawning time arrives, the males of many species of fish
become very pugnacious. The battles often end fatally.

All species of fish do not deposit their full supply of eggs in the
same time. A trout voids her eggs naturally in a day or two; a
black bass requires double the time.

Among the nest building fishes it is usually the female that con-
structs the nest. This she does by laying her side against the bottom
and rapidly flapping her tail to displace the gravel. Pebbles too
large to be movtnl in this manner are shoved out bv her snout. The
business of the male is to keep off intruders.

The size of an vi^^^ is not indicative of the size of a species of a
fish. A trout e^x*^ is larger proportionately than that of a shad.

The size of a freshly hatched fish is not indicative of the size of a
mature fish. A trout just hatched is fully three times that of a
newly born shad. The latter is almost microscopic.

Fish eggs when first laid are smaller than half hour after being
fecundated.

Fish usually, but not always, spawn at night. The eggs of fishes
hav(* two m(»mbranes. The substance within the inner membrane is
somewhat similar to that of the yolk in the ef!:fi of a fowl. It is also
the umbilical sac of the newlv hatched fish.

The different stages of development of the embryo is as follows:
A small light brown spot a few hours after impregnation. This spot,
which is the germ, always rises to the top of the e^f^. no matter how
often turned. It is believed to be within the inner and outer mem-
brane. Xcxi a small circle apj)ears around the speck. Third, the
circle spreads to oven' a sixth i)art of the egg and assumes a gradually
increasing opa(|ue appearance. Fourth, the first appearance of the
young fish, in the shape of a brown line extending from the circum-
ference towards the center of the circle, which now covers one-third
of tlie egg. Fifth, the circle covers one-half the of^^. Sixth, the
circh- has passed three-fourths around the of^^. Seventh, the circle
has passed entirely over the egg and the young fish is formed. This
takes on the form (»f the letter Y, with the tail of the letter curved.

164

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

This form is the eyes, and backbone is clearly distinguishable in the
trout and salmon, and is black. Eighth, the eyes, heart, arteries, red
blood, circulation of the blood and motion will be observed. This is
the last stage.

The young fish emerges from the egg tail first. This is because if
it emerged head first, the outer membrane might become fastened
about the gills and smother the young.

For a certain period the young fish, which are called fry, live on
the contents of the sac, the same as a young plant lives on the con-
tents of the seed leaves. The sac is gradually absorbed and disap-
pears.

As soon as the sac is absorbed, the fry begin to feed on objects in
the water which nature indicates as food.

If the egg is shaken at a certain stage of development, malformed
fish is apt to be the result. The Chinese take advantage of this
to produce two and three tailed fish and balloon gold fish and other
monstrous forms. Among the trouts, double fish are quite common
as a result of shaking. These forms among the trout invariably die
before reaching maturity.

The fry of carniverous fishes are all cannibals. Fry of trout three
or four months old will attack and devour the smaller and weaker of
their kind.

The first attempts to rear fish artificially in this country was by
Dr. Garlick, in Cleveland, Ohio, many year ago. The first attempts
to artificially hatch fish anywhere is supposed to have been in the fit
teenth century in France.

The shad belongs to the family of herrings.

It is generally believed that the shad while at sea does not wander
far from the mouth of the river in w^hich it was born.

In the natural spawning of the salmon it is estimated that out of
fifteen hundred eggs only one fish lives to reach maturity.

Thaddeus Norris estimates that in the case of the natural spawn-
ing of the shad five-eighths of eggs laid are impregnated; one-fiftieth
of these hatch; one-fiftieth of these grow to one year; one-fifth of the
yearlings grow to two years; one-half of the two years grow to three
years, or spawners. Hence, it would appear that of 40,000 eggs of
a shad laid in the natural way, only one arrives at the age of three
years. According to this two pair of shad would produce in three
years projeny to the number of eighty four, or thereabouts.

Thaddeus Norris estimates the following as the product of shad
eggs by artificial hatching: Compared with the former table, by
natural propagation, the results in favor of artificial propagation are
a$ 162,0.36 to 84, or 2,000 to 1, nearly. In other words, from 100,000,-
000 fry there should be about half a million three year old fish.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

i6S

The oaries of a full grown shad weights at the spawning time thir-
teen ounces.

The newly hatched shad is only one thirty-seventh of an inch long.

Old fish, like any other creature, becomes barren. The period of
infertility varies according to species and whether in captivity or
free. A fish in captivity becomes barren considerably before one
which has its freedom.

In some species, the males become infertile by age sooner than the
females and in others the females become infertile first.

There are about 150,000 eggs of the white fish to the quart.

Some salt water fishes, like the smelt, white cat fish and white
perch, may become naturalized in fresh water.

It is said that spawn has never been found in an eel.

A ten pound carp will yield as many as 700,000 eggs.

fi

166

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

THE HISTORY OF THE STURGEON.

Br W. E. Mbehax.

Unknown millions of years ago, there was a page in the earth's
history which geologists call the Devonion or Age of Fishes. Two
ages only preceded it, the Azvie or Primal, and the Silurian Ages.
The air was tropical, and while vegetation was abundant there were
no trees or plants which bore Uowers. The prevailing animal life
was lishes. The waters were full of them and as a rule thev were of
the Ganoid tyi)e, that is fishes having largu bony plates like those of
the turtle, what in fact might be called defensive armor. Very often
the fish of the Devonian Age, besides having this defensive armor,
were of great size and possessed of powerful teeth and jaw>* for of-
fensive purposes.

In time, the Devonian Age came to an end and was succeeded by the
Carboniferous, or Goal Bearing Age. The weather became warmer
and surcharged with- carbon, vegetation was more plentiful and
winds were unknown. The vast fish life decreased and manv forms
becanw^ entirely extinct. A few, like the gar-pike and proluibly the
sturgeon, survived. After this came the Mesozic or Reptilian Age,
one of the most marvelous and interesting of all the epoch of the
earth.

There was a distinct advance in all forms of animal life at this time.
Flow'ering plants appeared for the Mrst time. Inse<ts also became
abundant, but it was above all the age of reptiles — Saurians and huge
birds and flying lizards. It was the culmination of a gigantic race
of Reptilian verbeterate^, savage tyrants of the sea, land and air.

Although whole tribes of fishes b<'came extinct during the Car-
boniferous Age, there were still many survivors in that of the Rep-
tilian. There was also one imi)ortant new ty|x? added, namely, the
Telcosts or bony fishes. Sturgeons were also abundant, although
they do not appear to have b(»en as heavily armored as the other
Ganoid fishes of the Devonian Age.

The Reptilian Age w%ns succeeded by that of the Matnmalian and
Agaes by that of the present one, or the Age of Man. Through them,
represented by millions upon millions of years, the sturgeon has
passed and is now threatened with extinction onlv throusrh the asrencv
of man.

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

167

The Rev. H. P. Hutchinson, author of ''Creatures of Other Days,"
says in speaking of the sturgeon: "Concerning its long pedigree, we
ought to look upon this fish with great veneration: There are, indeed,
few fishes which can boast of such an ancestry, although unlike the
gar-pike it has not retained its primative form. Its armor, one of the
characteristics of the Ganoid fishes, having almost entirely disap-
peared, there being but a few plates down the back. Its cusp like
teeth are also gone.

Bashford Dean in his "Fishes Formed and Living," says:

''The interrelationship of the four surviving forms of sturgeons
have not as yet been definitely suggested. Transitional fossil forms
have thus far been lacking, and the relative importance of the dif-
ferent structures in the recent genera cannot therefore be determined
for purpose of comparison.

''The genus of the common sturgeon, Acipencer, is the most com-
pletely studied of the recent forms. It includes twenty or more
(specie>i), varying in length from one (A brevirestris, of the Eastern
United States) to ten yards (A huso, of Russia) and is altogether
one of the most valuable food fishes of the rivers, lakes and coasts of
the Northern hemisphere. It is a sluggish, bottom feeding fish, com-
mon in muddy streams. Its broad and pointed snout, sensory barbels
and greatly contracted jaws are the most stricking dift'erences from
the Palaeoniscoid; its dermalarmouring has become reduced to five
longitudinal bands of body plates, but is more perfect in the tail
regions; its skeleton retains an entirely cartillaginous condition. In
its larval stage conical teeth are known to be present, and the entire
series of di*rnuil i)lates'are much larger in relative size."

One of the ancient sturgeons, one belonging to the Liassic period,
the earliest portion of tlie Mesogoie Age, known as Chondrostens, has
a snout shorter than the modern common sturgeon; its jaws are large
and apparently less protrusible.

''While the adult sturgeon does not possess the full armor of its
ancestors of the Reptilian Age, curiously enough the young is better
provid^'d, but as it approaches maturity these gradually disappear.
The advantage of the markedly rougher armature," says Ryder, in his
paper on the Sturgeon in the Bulletins of the Ignited States Fish Com-
mission for the year 1890, *'of the young in the struggle for existence
is obvious, as it is clearly adapted to render the young less convenient
of delugation or mastication by the more ravenous predaceous forms
inhabiting the same waters."

Karly in the present century sturgeons abounded in the Delaware
and SusnjK'lianna Rivers, an<l until a comparatively a few years ago
they were still plentiful. In the report of the Pennsylvania Fish
Commission for 1800, in Chapter V of an article entitled Fish, Fishing
and Fisheries of Pennsylvania, aj)pears the following:

168

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

"Men not yet sixty years old say, that even after they had passed
their majority, it was not an uncommon sight to see several stur-
geon during a single trip between Camden and Philadelphia jumping
in the river. Mr. JSamuel Williams, a resident of Burlington, N. J.,
now in his eighty-fourth year, says that when he was a boy, on one
occasion he went with his father on a shad fishing trip in the lower
Delaware, and during it he saw thousands of sturgeons. Once on this
trip his father and his companion were comijelled to take their nets
in with great speed in order to save them from utter destruction,
and as it was many fathoms were badly torn by this fish. The stur-
geons passed their boat in such vast numbers that in a little while
the occupants had secured and killed eleven. This was as many as
they could take home, aud as the run continued, they slew many more
on the principle that it was a fish not only of scarcely any value but
was actually a nuisance in the river on account of the damage caused
the nets. Mr. Larzelere states that when he was a young man, one
night, he with a number of young men and women were rowing on
the Delaware in two boats. While proceeding up the river, only a few
feet apart, a large sturgeon six or seven feet long jumped from the
water and nearly capsized one of the boats, and the occupants were
thoroughly drenched and frightened. The same gentleman also said
that William Stockton, the father of the Rev. Thomas H. Stockton,
for a time chaplain of the House of Representatives at Washington,
was one time out boating, when a large sturgeon actually jumped into
the boat and was secured.

*'Mr. John Fennimore, connected with the family of which Fenni-
more Cooper, the celebrated novelist was a member, related the fol-
lowing:

*'Many years ago there was a little steamboat while plied the
Delaware above Philadelphia called the 'Sally.' On each side near
her bows were two large round windows, which in the summer time
were often open. One day when the Sally was on one of her trips up
the river a large sturgeon in jumping made such a leap that it passed
clear through one of these windows and landed in the vessel, where
it was killed.

^'Stories like the foregoing are quite common and many of them
are well authenticated, and they serve as nothing else can to illus-
trate how numerous this specious of fish were at one time in the Dela-
ware river. For until recent years the sturgeon seemed to be little
esteemed by the people living along this great stream. Nearly all
the old fishermen say that in their boyhood days few ate sturgeon
except the colored people, though occasionally a family would fry
a few steaks and serve them with cream. The roe was considered
worthless except as bait with which to catch eels and perch or to feed
to the hogs. From three to four cents a pound were the best prices

ft
c

XT.

3?

168

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

"Men not yet sixty years old say, that even after lliey bad passed
their majority, it was not an luu-uunnoii sijiht to sec several stur-
geon during a single trip between CauuUn and Thiladelphia jumping

in the river. Mr. Samuel Williams, a resident of IJurliugion. X. J,
now in hi;^ eight v-fourth vear. savs ihat when h

e was a tiov, on one

occasion he went with his father on a sha«l lisliing trip in the lower
Delaware, and during it he saw thousands of sturgeons. Once on this
trip bis father and his comj»ani<>n were comiieUed to take their nets
in with great sjieed in order to save them from utter destruction,
and as it was. many fathoms were badly lorn by this iish. The stur-
geons passed their boat in sueh vast numbers Ihat in a litth

whih

th

e o( (Ujtants had secured and kiUed eleven. This was as manv as

ew manv more

I were lowinii on

they eould take home, and as tiie lun eoniiniu'd, lliey si
on the prinriph' that it was a Iish not only of scarcely any value but
was actually a nuisanre in the liver on aeeount of the damage caused
the nets. Mi-. Lar/.elere slates that when he was a vounu man, one
night, he with a number of young men and womei
the Delaware in two l)oats. ^\'hile jn'oeeeding u]> the river, only a few
feet apart, a largi- sturgeon six or seven feet long jumped from the

le oeeupanls were

le same gentleman also said

Kuiias 11. Siorkton.

\\

aier and nearly capsized one of the boats, and tl

thoroughly dicnched and frightened. Tl

that William Stockton, ilu' father (,f the Kev. Tl

for a time chaplain of the ibmse of Kepresentatives at WashiuL^ton,

was one time out boating, when a large sturge(»n a«tmtlly jumped into

tin* boat and wa

s se«

iired.

Mr. John Fennimc»i

e. connected with the familv of which Feiini-

m(»re runp«-i-. the celebrated novelist was a member, related the fol-
lowing:
"Mai

IV vears a"io there

w

a little stv.nnboat while plied the

Delaware above J»hiladelphia calhd the 'Sallv.' On each sid

e near

her 1

ows were two large round window.-». which in the sumnn'i- timt

tl

ere often oj>en. (hie dav v. hen the Sallv wa

s on one of her t rips uj>

le river a large sturgeon in jumping madi' such a leap that it passed
ch'ar through one of these wind
it was killed.

ows and landed in the vessel, wher

'Stoiies like the foieiioiim are «iuite c<ii

nimm and manv of the

111

ling else ran to 1

llu

s-

ime in the l)(da-

are well authenticated, and they serve as notl

Irate how numerous this specious nf Iish were at one I

war<' liver. Vnv until recent yeais the sturgcMin seemed to be little

esteemed by the people living along this great stream. Nearlv all

the old tisheiinen say that in theii- boyhood days f

except the colored people, though ocrasioiially a famil

a few steaks and serve them will

ew ate

urgeon

\ would frv

I ci'eam. The r«»e was considered
wort hles^i except as bait with which to catch eels ami iiejrl

to the hogs. Fidin three to fi

1 or to fe«'d
)ur <ents a jiound weii' the best ju'ices

X

t:

i:

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

•X

m

TJ.

X

X,

iJ.

U

X

X

It

n

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

Nj. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

169

tx.

X

X

i£

that could be obtained retail for the meat, and it was not often more
than twenty-live or thirty cents could be had for a whole fish. *Mr.
John Fennimore made a practice of fishing for sturgeon with nets at
Dunk's Ferry, near Bristol, in the latter part of the 20's and until
about 1835. Mr. Vansciver and Mr. McElroy, two other fishermen
of that neighborhood, also carried on the same business. They used
a twelve-inch mesh and drew their net over the bar near the Penn-
sylvania side, a favorite spot for the sturgeon. Sometimes twenty-
five or thirty were taken at a single haul. The fish brought very
little money however, seldom more than thirty cents apiece and some-
times as low as twelve and a half cents apiece. Mr. Williams eays
that a favorite method with many fishermen of catching sturgeon in
the month of August prior to 1835, was with the harpoon, and that
the choicest spot for this method was about Dutch Island near Bor-
dentown. One of the most skilful users with this instrument was
a man named James Douglas. According to the narrators this per-
son very rarely missed his aim in following this manner of fishing.
This harpooner stood in the bow of a boat and when he approached
near enough to his prey threw a heavy harpoon with a short length
of line attached. Should the harpooner find he could not hold the
fish after it was struck he dropped the rope overboard and a large
cork fastened at the loose end saved it from being lost, and mate-
rially helped to tire the fish out. A few sturgeon were also caught
bv lassoing, but this was vci v rarelv done.' "

In the above it is noted that the llesh of the sturgeon and its eggs
were not held in much esteem by the fishermen on the Delaw'are
half a century ago. It was likewise the case almost everywhere
else. For a time the flesh was known as Albanv beef, from the fact
that in the latter part of the (JO's a (lermau named Benedict Blohm es-
tablished a sturgeon fishery on tlic Hudson Kiver and sold the fish in
the Albany, 2\ew York, market.

Besides the small fisheries for sturgeon in the neighborhood of
Dunk's Ferry, on tlu' Dehnvare Kiver, there was one established about
1873, near Chester, of which the following account is given in Fish,
Fishing and Fisheries of Pennsylvania:

"According to Mr. Martin, in his Ilisiory of Chester, sturgeon fish-
ing as a regular industry in the river below Philadelphia, at least on
the Pennsylvania side is not niori' than twenty years old. In treating
of the subject Mr. Martin savs: A new source of induslrv has latelv
(1873) been started in the vicinity of Chester, the catching of stur-
geon. As far as I can learn the first elTort in this enterprise was
made by Henry Schacht. who sometime ago, with scant means and
but one boat located himself on Ridley Creek, from which place he
removed to Chester Crec^k, and afterwards, with wise forethought.

12

y.

Zl

7.

ZL

\). IS.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

169

that foiikl be ol»taiiK'd rt'ljiil I'ui- ihc meal, and it was not often more

llian iwcnlN -Ii\ t' or iliiiU ctiiis could !h' liad tor a wliole lish.

'Mr

John Fi'nnimorc made a pia* licc oi lishinj^ tor stui-^'e»in wiih nets at
J>uiik'>; Ferrv, near Jhi.^iol. in the laiter jiari ot lliu -U's and until
about is:;;'). Mi-. N'ausciver and Mr. MeKIrov. two oilier lishermeu

ot that neiiiliboihood. also cairitd un tlie s<ame busine

Thev used

a twi'lve ineh niesb and drew llnir net o\er the bar near tlie I'enn-
svhania side, a favorite spoi tor the sturgeon. Sometimes twenty-
live in- iliiriv were takiMi at a siiiulo haul. The lish brouj'ht verv
little moiie\ liowo\( r. >eldom more than thirtv et'uis apiece and some-
limes as low as twelve and a halt cciiis ai»iece. Mr. Williams says
ihal a i;.\niin' ni( liimi wiih nianv lislicinK n <it caichiuu stur«i('on in

the luouih of Auiiusi prior to 1>."

t. w

as with the harpoon, and ihat

the choicrsi spoi iuv this mt-ihod was about Dutch Islauvl near lior-
deuiown. ()ne (d' the mosl skilful users wiih ll

lis insirumeni was
a man named James l)ouj;las, Acronlinu hi iho naiiahus this per-
son ver\ rarclv missed his aim in followini»" this maunir <d lisliin;:,".
This harpotuier siood in the bow (d' a boat and u hi n ho ai»proached
near enouuh it» his prey ihicw a hca\y harpoon with a short huigth
of line ai ladled. Should llie haipoonci I'lid In- could nor hold the
lish afi.-r ii was sum k li-* dropped the injte o\eiboard and a large
c(uk fasieiit (1 ai I he loose end sa\<*d if lUtm lu'lng lost, and mate-
rially helped lo lile ihe !is!i out. A teW sturgenii wei.- also caught

bv 1;

issom:

nut l his \\;is \ «1 \ li'ltl V Uone

In the abo\e it is noted thai the ilesh of the siurueou and its c

r<f-

s

wiMe n<n held in mu< h

esset

III bv the lishermeii on the Ihdaware

half a century ago. It was likewise the case almost e\ery where
elsi'. i'oi- a time the llesh w.is ixiiowu as Albany beel. tioui the fact
that in the lat ler part of the f.o's a i !vrman named r»euediei nhdim es-

lahhslu (

1

urueeii ii'lier\ on Ihe Hudson liivei and sold the tlsh in

the Alban\, New ^'<uk. market

lU sides lile small lislu

i ie>>

1 Mink's i'ei r\

Oi

>el;l\\a!e \l\\

Ini >iuriieon ill iln* iivighbui hood of
, I :m re was niie esi;ib!ished about

\s~:\, near rhester. of which the Tollowirig account is gixt-n in Fish,
Fishing ami Fi^lieries ot Feinisyh ania :

".\ccoiding to Mr. Mai liii. in \\\< Uisjery of ("hesier. siurgeon lish-
ing as a regular industry in the river below IMiihnhlpliia. at least on
the I'eiinsyh aiiia side is not more than I weiity yeai s ohl. In treating
(d' the siibieei M; . Mart in s;i\ -

A fi- w >niii<cot indn"«ir\ has latelv

L.i iHM'U stinted in the vh-ini!\ o{ I'hivMr. the calelnnu ol slur-

ii'enn

As far as 1 can learn ilie tirst eiTort in tiiis euiei-prise was
made l>y Ib-niy Sclmrln. w Im sometime ago. witli >eant means and

but one be, It lerillid h.iniMlj on b'id.ley ('leek, fitdn wliieh i»lace he

reiuoNed to ('hesier ('leek, aud afterward

s. W H ll Wise

forethmiulit,

12

INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

170

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

When more prosperous, purchased Moiias Ishind. opposite Chester-
there, by means of piles, vtc, lie ..reeted a pen in wliieh to retain the
fish ahve for the most prolitable market.

"Mr. Sihucht was drowned on a dark and dismal night last spring
and a relative, Henry Hadley, succeeded to the business, which had
greatly increased.

"At the fo(.t of Kd-emoiil Streel is moored a large scow, well ar
ranged for the comf.irt of those employed. There are bunks for their
sleeping arrangements and a c,.ol< for their meals. Here the fish are
brought, (he meat s.mt to New York, where it commands a readv sale
at about seven cents per pound, and is known as Albany beef the
head, skm and backbone being rendered into <,il, passing throu"h
a boiliug process. Of ihis on an average of si.x barrels per week are
produced during (he season, net ting sixty cents p,.r gallon. Of the
roes cav.are is nu.de. It is pr,.pared in this way: The ro..s are taken
froni the .lead tish an.l i „n lhr.)ugh sev. lal sieves of graduated fine-
ness, ami th,.., (r,.at.d with the lim.st Cermnn salt, an indispensable
articl,. ,„ ,is p.,.parati.)u: it is th.wi pa.ked in op.m kegs and placed
in a cool posiii,,,, „„,ii „„. „.,„„„ ^f ,|,i,„„,.„| ,1,^. ,.,,„ ^^.,^^,^ .^ .^

transported to (i.M-many. where it .•o,n,n.,nds, on an av..,ag,., one
dollar iier pound.

'•Mr.llemy has six boats eng,-,g,,i. whi.h a.e substantially built

nggtd. i he hshermen ar,. pai.l .•*l.7.-, aiuece for the stu.geons they
captui-e. TlK.y sonietim..s leali/..' fr.m, $2(1 to $m im- .lav The
sturg..on a.-e taken in l.,ng driftn,.ts. u.ade of h.-avy twine and man-
aged usually by (>yo pers.,us in a boat. These f.sh weigh from 50
to 100 poun.ls ,.ach. Tlu- fb-sh, ^yl,i,.|, 1. shipped to X,.w York daily
IS packed ,n ice, a.ul is s.-rved in son.e of the hotels in that city in
the lorm of steaks. Large .p.autities of it is s.noked, and in s^nie
.■a.ses IS sold a« smoked salmon. The roe or eggs, after having b.'en
sent to (iermany and .■ony..r(ed into cayia.e. is oft,.n r..shipped to

th.s .ouufy and is consumed gem-rally by our C.r.nan population."
LesMles tlu- industry at Chester another on,, gr.-w up at Bavside.

dollais. 1 he ,„„. (,t ('h.'ster is now .'utirelv gone

In IHm the n.arket for slurg,.on n.eat'and the eggs for caviare
had not yet assun.ed gre,,( pro|,.,rtions. Tl,.. riyer still (e.-med with

1880 .ml 'itT ( ""' ""■'■ '•""^"'* '"""^ '"• "'^""-' "f- between
1880 and l,s,s4 ,t ,yas not an uncommon thing, say the sturgeon fish-

ennen. to see front l.t.OO to 1.200 sturgeon on tl,;. wharf at Bavside

a one t.me. To-day 2.. or ao is sn.h a rarity that its h(,pp,.„ , i"

«nre to br.ng the fishermen fron, utiles around (., see them Two

.vear^ ago one man got 14 in one day fro.u his boats. The catch

created a great sensation and was .•..nsid-.r.-d such a remarkable thin-

N{>. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

171

that the fact of the catch was telegiaithed all over the country as
an important piece of news and predictions were made of a revival of
the industry.

In 1880, and for a few succeeding yt^ars it was not an uncommon
event for the tishermeu to shij) live or six ears loadt d with sturgeon
and caviare to New York, or JMiiladelphia, from Bay tSide. To-day
if five or six boxes are shipped in the same time the shippers think
they are lucky. In those days also sales were by no means as ea»y
to make. The New York dealers would send word to Bav Bide that
lifty sturgeon were wanted. Tlu* recipient would simply wait until
the day the ordei- was to be lilled an<l then send tlieir boat out and
it was rare that the rtMiuired number were not taken in a single run.
Often the catch would be three or more tinu*s than was wanted.
The Mirplus would be cut loose*. The sturgv(»n were so plentiful as
late* as 188.J that it was no unconunon thing for the shad tishermen
to be comi)elled to stop operating their nets until a large school of
the large had passed by.

As may Ik* exiii*ct(*d, on acc(Mint of their abundance and the ig-
noranci* of the real valne of the roe, the prices of sturgeon were very
low between iSSd and ISJM). In 1SSL» the loe brought from f;j to ^d
and ^8 a keg. In 18S4 it soUl for 8!) a keg. To-day it is valued at |110
a k«'g, and it is likely to be worth much uunv during the spring of 1900.

From 1884 to l8l)0 there were from 4,000 to 5,000 kegs of caviar
sliipped auuually from the Delaware Hiver, nu)slly from Bay Side, and
about this time the Delawari^* river caviar began to dominate the
nuirket, although under the name of Ku^isian caviare. To-dav it is safe
to say that fully nine tenths of the Hussian caviar sold in the Ameri-
can aiul Kuropi'an markets is nuiBiufacturi'd from tin* roe of sturgeon
caught from the iH'laware river. From 1800 the supi>ly uf caviar
began rapidly to diminish until last year fiom ."i.OOO kegs in 1885, it
had fallen to 720J keg>», and as already stated, the price has risen
fromfO akeg tofllO.

The story of the rise in value in the caviar is the same with respect
•o th»' liesh. In 1882. in the early part of the season, the tlesh brought
about six cents a pound. This was regarded as a v(*ry high price.
Later in the season it was ditlicult to get on<* cent a per pound. After
1800 there wa>»a (|ui<k jump, and this last year the highest price was
twelve <'<'nts and the lowest eight <'ents.

In 1N82. l.'<8:> and 18S4 a burk sturgeon would only bring one dollar
at the wharf and a female fmni one dollar to one dollar and a half
to two thillars. The present pri<M's art*, Inuks. two dollars and a half;
females from thirtv dollars to thiitv live dollars.

One firm at Biiy Side last spring caught 00 sttirgeon, which realized

172

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc

13,923.25; the fish sold for |G72, and the caviar for |3,2ol 25 The

IT^T^oZ ?'"'' f'^ ""^"^^ "^^ ^^^'^ ^'"^^^^^^^ "^^'^ than a total of
fboU; 1200 from the flesh and |4o0 from the caviar.

The storj which is here told of the sturgeon fisheries of the Dela-
ware River is the same for that of the Susquehanna River and the
great lakes, except that the industry in the Susqueehanna is entirely
wiped out and there is no regular industry on the great lakes

For example, in 1870 it was reported that 20,000 were caught at
Painesville, Ohio, alone, and that some of them were sold at about
^2 for a wagon load. At Swanville more than 70 were caught the
same year in one day, by two men using grapnel hooks. According to
a report in the United States Fish Commission in 1884, early in June
in tne southern end of Lake Michigan they begin to congregate near
the shores and at the mouths of the rivers, the Kalamazoo River
emptying at Saugatuck, Mich., being a favorite spawning ground
Ihey may be seen in the evening in this river leaping from the sur-
face, throwing their bulky forms entirely out of the water. At Pier
Cove Mich., on the 11th of June, 1871, schools of sturgeons were at
the edge of the shore in a few feet of water, and men from the vicinity
were in the habit of wading out and drawing them ashore with gaff
hooks. Eighteen were taken in this way in one morning. They were
said to be found in this vicinity every year about this season, remain-
ing about a fortnight.

Mr. J. (i. Portman, of Benton Harbor, successful as a fish culturist
has seen the sturgeon at this season lying in numbers on the shallow
clay ledge of a stream, several of them lying flat on their backs, with
their bellies upward, rolling and splashing in shallow water with
apparent enjoyment. At the mouth of Calumet River South Chi-
cago, July of the same year, a large lift of sturgeon were brou-ht
ashore. Jt was not uncommon for the fishermen to take a hundred^or
more from a single set of the pounds, in the fall of the year

Even this apparently vast number was nolhing to what preceded
according to accounts in the reports of the United States Fish Com-
mission. It is stated in one of these reports that, -the decrease in
numbers is apparent to a certain extent in localities where the pound
nets has been in use for a number of years. At Sanduskv the
number brought in from the nets and handled in the curing establish-
ment m a season was said to have nearly reached 18,000 a few years
ago, while in 1872 the books showed a record of 13,800.

There are two eauses for the rapid rise in the value of the flesh
and eggs of the sturgeon. One is the increased demand for both but
moi^ particularly the rapid extermination of the valuable fish It is
claimed, with every indication of truth, that unless something of
a radical nature be done there will be no sturgeon at all ten vears
from now. Both the United States Fish Commission and the Penn-

N,). 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

173

sylvania Fish Commission recognize the danger, and the former has
began preparations to endeavor to propagate the fish artificially,
while the Pennsylvania Commission is endeavoring to discover a way
to do likewise.

The sturgeon fishermen themselves are deeply interested in the
matter and one has ofl'ered to present as much land as may be neces-
sary for pens and a hatching station on an island which he owns in
the lower river, and another has offered to contribute a number of
living bucks. Another has offered to loan the Pennsylvania Com-
mission as many boats and nets as may be desired and furnish a suf-
ficient number of men to operate them.

It has been proposed to catch the sturgeon and place them in
pens until the roe and milt be ripe, but it is said that for some peculiar
and unknown reason the sturgeon will not perfect either in captivity.
It is probably true, because a sturgeon in captivity in the ponds at
Corry has never shown signs of ripening although a mature specimen
and has been in the ponds for several vears.

A few^ years ago Dr. John Ryder made exhaustive experiments in
the direction of artificially spawning and hatching the young of the
sturgeon and the results were published in a Bulletin of the United
State Fish Commission in 1890. The following results are taken
therefrom :

"The majority of the roe fishes which are brought to the butchering
floats are not (piite ready to spawn. The nearly mature roe of such
fishes is hard and firm, and the eggs have not yet ruptured the walls
of the follicles and escaped into the general cavity of the body. The
roes of such individuals are known to the fishermen and caviare
dealers as 'hard roe.' The hard roe, as it is called, is the most prized
by the packers of caviare.

"Occasionally fishes are taken in which the roe is quite immature.
In such cases it is smaller in tjuantity than the kind mentioned in the
preceding paragraph, and is worthless for caviare.

"Another kind is that which is most valuable to the fish-culturist.
This sort is the kind w^hich is just matured and readv to be artificially
fertilized. Most of the eggs of the ripe roe have ruptured their
follicles, and as soon as the abdomen is cut open the ova escapes in
great quantities, to the amount of stneral gallons in the case of a large
fish. The quantities of egg?* yielded by a single fish may, in fact, vary
between five and fiftec^i gallons. Estimating by the pails full of hard
roe, each holding three gallons, it may be assumed that the average
is about ten gallons. This is a fair estimate, as the average is proba-
bly a little al)ove three pails full, each holding three and one-half
gallons. The eggs measure 2.0 mm. in diameter, or a little less thao

174

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

one-ninth of an inch. At this rate we should find about 168,000 eggs
to the gallon, and a total of from 800,000 to 2,400,000, according to
the amount of roe in a single fish estimated in gallons.

''The eggs when in exactly the right condition, are globular nearly
a ninth of an inch through, and vaiy in color from a light brown to
a very dark brown. At one side a darker round disk nmv be ob-
served, the diameter of which is about on<^-fourth of the diameter of
the egg. This disk is also quite a^* \ isable in ova which have not yet
escaped from the follicles in which thi^v were developed, as in the
'hard roe' for examjile. The darker discoidal area is the gernumal
area of the e^^g of the sturgeon and is the point where development
first manifest itself to the unaided eye through certain <.hanges in
Its shape.

"Til,, eggs of the kind abov,- desciil,,.,! slM.nld i-,.(ain llicir globular
form, like so many shot, and shoul.l show no sign.s of adhcrin- to
each <.tlu>r. If the round area at one side of the eggs should appear
distorted or broken, it is also a sign timt the eggs are probably
worthless for fertilization.

"Eggs with a round disk, if they flow freely from a slit cut through
the walls of tl„. alulon.en of the reeently eaught living fish, mav be
fertilized without difli.nlty. provided a ripe male is at hand. Eggs
whica do not answer to the requirements given in this paragraph it
IS nit worth wliile to waste time over.

"It fre-iuently happens thai running or ripe fishes are brought in
w n.h have a gr.-at abundan.-,. of lo<,se eggs in th.- abdominal .avitv
whuh a,-,- entirely worthless for pur,,oses of fertilization. Upon
exannnntion it will be fouu.l that in suih eases (l,e eggs either have
the d.seoulal g.rmanal area distorled and injured, or else many of the
ova have had their thin .-overing or zona radiata ruptured, and the
yolk lias been .rushed and has eseaped as a slate .-olored sub>*lance.
This rupture and injury to th.. ,.gg is due (o .1,,. ..ntranee of water
from he outsid... through the ..vidu.t and genilourinarv passages
.nto the body eavity, th.. pr,.sen,-,. of the water .-ausing' .1,,. glairy'
adhesive eoating to set and hard,.,,, and wi.l, wl,i.h all the ova a;e
coy,.,...d upon l,.aving ll„. folli,-I,.s in whi.h th..y w-,-.. malun.d. This
ha,-den,ng of the mueigen whi.h ,„ve,s tl„. eggs, in th.. ,u-..s..n,.e of
wat..,-. and while still with (h,. bo.ly of the u.o,l,..r lish will eause
the bursting of the egg.coy,.rings if su.l, fish d.. n.,t g..| the eliance to
discharge tlu.ir eggs at on,,.. ,„• happ,.„ to b,. ,„„.i,iv handh.d in the
boat.s. as the ova adl,e,e in g,-,.a( ,„ass,.s, the bn-aking or ,rushing
of w„,.h also rupture the iiidivi.Iual eggs of whi.h tl„.y a,.e rom
posed. Sueh ,.o,.s a,-,, of no s.-rvi... wl,al..v,.,- as a s,„„-,-,. of sui.ply for
IMir,,os,.s of a,-,in,.ial fertilizati..,,. i:,„.s of this kind mav b.. at on,.e
d,nt,ng,„sl„.d by thrir slin,n..ss ..,nd th,. sla(,. ,„l.u-,.d app,.a,an,e of
the conti-nts of the broken eggs

Nf . 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

175

"Another type of roes are those of the entirely spent fish, which has
discharged all of its mature eggs. The roe of such fishes are no
longer brown, and the leaflets of w-hich they are formed are made
up of very small pinkish or pale, and very young ova. Such fishes
may be distinguished by the flabby, collapsed or shrunken abdomen,
since the remnant of immature roe left behind in the body cavity is
hardly a tenth part of the volume of the ripe ovaries as seen in fishes
with mature or 'hard roe.' The remnant of the roes of a fish which has
only recently got rid of its burden of eggs looks ragged when the
ovary it wetted and floated out with water; this is due to the presence
of the collapsed leaflets formed of the vascular and cellular tissue
from which the ova have escaped. These leaflets of the roes are
disposed transversely on either side of the mesentery, or thin mem-
brane, which fastens the alinientarv tract to the middle line of the
dorsal wall of the bodv cavitv.

"While the nearly mature roes of the female are relatively of great
size, greater in fact than any other viscus of the body, they are
usually darker in color, as may be nuiture or 'hard roe' is also subject
to some variation. Occasionallv fislu^s are found in which the roe is
quite pale, and hardly darker than the other viscera. This is due
to the nearly comi)lete absence of pigment granules in the yolk of the
individual eggs, the jngnuMit being dilVused in fine particles through-
out the substance (»f the egg of the sturgeon, somewhat as it is
throughout the ovum of the batrachia. The next grade of coloration
of the roe is a very much darker one; brownish with a decided shade
of git'y or lead color, when the roe i?* viewed as a wlude. This last
mentioned shade of roe, which is quitt* common, is known as 'light
roe' among the packers of caviare. Several gradually darker shades
nuiy be recognized l)etween this last name«l varii'ty and the next,
or lh(' quite dark roe as it is called by the dealers, who are careful
not to mix the lighter and darker kinds together in the manufacture
of caviare; the reason for which Is. that the light and dark eggs when
mixed together give the caviare so prepared a 'i>epper and salt' ap-
IK'arance, which is not considered desirable by dealers.

"These dilVeiences in the color of the roes is whollv due to the

t.

presence of moie or less pigment in the individual eggs. The ger-
manal ait*a or disk of the eggs of the dark roe is almost black, while
in the light roe this area is not so dark, and there is a distinct dark
spot or dot in the c<Mitre which is surroundr'd l)y a light zone, outside
of which there is a much darker superficial ring of ])igment which
marks the edge of the gxM inanal area.

"The internal reproduction organs of tests of the male sturgeon
are not nearly so large as tlu^ ro( s of the female, which may vary
in weight fi'oni about •){) to as much as 120 ])onnds. The te?*ts prob-
aldy never exceed 10 or 15 pounds in weight, and are cream colored,

176

REPORT OF THE

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with a shade of pink, instead of having the dark tint which charac-
terizes the roes of the females. The form of the tests is that of a
compressed irregular series of bodies, separated from each other by
narrow constructions, and present as paired organs on either side of
the mesentary. In cross-section the segments of the tests are oval,
the mature, sexually active organs being nearly 2 irches tmck and
3 to 4 inches wide, and extending for a distance of 18 mcnes to 2 feet
on either side of the body cavity. The transverse subdivisions of the
tests is subject to variations in dill'erent individuals, some having
them subdivided into a greater number than others.

"When the tests are mature, upon cutting them across, the largest
ducts will be made apparent from the readiness which the milk
white viscid seminal secretion escapes from their cut ends. The
testes may be amoved from the living male and the semen, or milt,
pressed from the fragments^, esi)ecially from the larger ducts found
along the dorsal border of the organ. I have upon two occasions
tried to fertilize the eggs with milt pressed from fragments of the
testes, but without success, yet this experience is not to be taken as
conclusive that it may not be done. In both cases the ova which were
at my disposal were probably not in condition to be fertilized. Where
large numbers of eggs of the sturgeon are to be fertilized I think that
it may be necessary to resort to this method, as I find that it is some-
what difficult to press out much milt from the testes by means of
pressure upon the abdomen of the sexually mature male. If the
adbomen is firmly juessed with the foot, accompanied by a firm
backward stroke of the leg, a few drops of a milky secretion are forced
out of the genital urinary opening just behind the vent. The secre-
tion forced out in the manner described is thin and watery, not being
much more consistent than skim milk, whereas the secretion from
the ducts of the testes is intensely white, glairy and viscid, but
readily breaks up and thins out in the presence of water to form a
milky mixture, swarming with sparmatazoa. The only successful re-
sults in fertilizing the eggs were with the thin milt forced out from the
abdomen and testes hy pressure and J^trokes upon the abdomen with
the foot, though there is no reason why good results should not be
obtained by pressing the milt from the fragments of the testes,
in the same manner as the spermatazoa of the oyster, star fish or of
worms are obtained, when it is desired to fertilize artifieially those
forms. That good results may be thus obtained in dealing with
the milt and eggs of the sturgi'on I have no doubt whatever, since
the only good lot of eggs whi<h I had the opportunity of successfully
fertilizing was one batch which were removed from an old fish by
cutting open the abdomen.

"In practice I should recommend such a method of pseudo
Ceasarean section above every other, because in attempting to forci-

c
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2

C-l

I

176

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

with a sliade of pink, instead of liavin<; (Ik- dark tint wliich ebarac-
tciizes the iocs <»f the fcMiiaU'S. 'Hu' Unm ol" ili.' tests is that of a
conipivsscd iii-e-uhir snics <.f iMMlics. st'paiat.'d fic.in each other hy
naii(»\v (■(•nstrnctions. and proem ns pair* d or-ans on t'itlicr side oV
the nicscniarv. In cross-scciinn flic scomcnis of ihc tests are oval,
the niatni'c, scxuallv aciivc oi-ans hciun iicailv '2 irrlics Uiick and
.'5 to 4 inclirs with', jind <'>:!,. ndiuo f,,!- a disi.iiicc of Is riicnes to L» feet
on either side of the ])ody cavily. The transverse subdivisions of the
tests is siihjeci h, vaiiaiions in <liriercnt individuals, sonic having
Iheni subdivided into a «ireaicr nuPdber than others.

"\\ hen I he tests arc mature, upon cuiiin<i iheui across, tlu' largest
ducts will be nuub' appareiii froui ihe readiness which the milk
white viscid seminal secr<*iion csc.ipcs liuni their cut ends. The
testes may be remo\cd from liie living male and ilie semen, or milt,
ju-esscd froiu the fra-ments. espcciully imm the larger ducts found
alon- the dmsal bord<'r of iIk- <u-an. I have ujion two occasions
tried to f.-riiii/.e the e^us wi-i, mil) pivssed from fraiiinenls of the

testes, but Willi ,ul <urccs-. u\ this cxp«-iici!re is not lo be taken as
•■oncbisive thai ii may n<it l)e done. In both ca;^,'s the ova which were
at my disposal v. ere piMd.ably i:ni in c;.!uliiinu h. b.. b-riilizcd. Where
lar^e numbers oT e--s nf lii,. smi.-.mui are in !.- b-nilized I diink that
it may be necessary to resort lo this mdlicui, as I lind that it is smne-
whaa diniculi to press oui much milt frcmi the icsi.s by means of
lu-es-suie upon the abdomen of lii,. seximily maiure iiuile. If the
Jidbomen is lirmly pressed wiih tiie loot, accompanied by a tirm
backward strok</of the hu. a tew drops of a milky secieiion aiv loreed
out cd' the -enital urinary ojMiiin- ju>t behiml ihe veni. The secre-
tion icu-ced out in ihe ma.mie!- des.-ribed is jhin and watery, not lieing
much more cousisitnt than skim milk, wlid-eas the -.ccreiion froin
tlu- duels or the tM:.!e>. is irn.iis. ly while, -laiiy and vis.-hl. but
readily lueaks up and iliin< <mi in ii,e piesenc- of water to form a
milky mixiure^ swarmin- \\\u^ siKirmaiazoa. The only successful re-
sults in briiliziii- iheen-s were viih th.- thin milt buced out from the
abdomen and tesies by juessurc and >iink. > upon th,. abdomen with
tho bMM. thou-h ihore is no reason \\li\ -ood results shoiihl not be
obiained by piessinii th.^ mill from llie fia-ments of the testes,
ill the same manner as ihe spermata/(.a of ih,. oysier. siar lish or of
worms are (»btained. when U is d. -sired lo b-riili/e ariiiirially those
forms. That «i<»od resnlis may be thus obiaiued in dealing' with
the mill and e-uv nf th- sjur-t'.m I have no doiibi whatever, since
the oHy o<hm1 lot of e--s wliid, I had the opp,ulUliily of successfully
fertili/.in<.i was one baich which weie removed fiom an old lish bv
cutting' open the abdomen.

"In juactice I should re.-onimen<l such a method of j.siuido
rensarean seciion above every other, be.ause in allemptin«: to forci

X

3:

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y.

>i

INTENTTONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

I

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

177

bly press out the ova of the sturgeon through the genite urinary pas-
sages 1 believe that they would probably be far more liable to injury
than if removed from the old fish by slitting open the belly.

''In getting all the eggs out of the abdominal cavity, I would sug-
gest that the abdomen of the live fish be slit open at the medial
line and its head raised so that the eggs may be run into large pans
to a depth of two or three inches, a little water added and the live
milt put with them and gently stirred with a feather so as to mix the
eggs and milt. The very important steps which must immediately
follow the removal and fertilization of the ova are very important
and may be stated under the head of:

HANDLING THE EGGS.

"Not more than twenty minutes should be allowed to elapse after
the time the milt and eggs are mixed together till they are spread
upon cheese cloth trays, one egg deep, or in a single layer. If this
is not done immediately the eggs will stick together in large masses,
causing those at the centre of these masses to be asphyxiated for want
of Oxygen, which under yuch circumstances cannot find access to
them. Other equally serious evils* follow from allowing the eggs
to adhere together in large masses, and the principal one is that if
such masses are irregular and of any size, if broken the eggs along the
line of fracture of the mass will be broken and destroyed.

"It is therefore very important that a large number of trays prop-
erly constructed be at hand upon which to spread the eggs if any
extensive hatching operations are to be conducted. The eggs will
adhere very firmly to the surface of the cheese cloth in a few hours,
after which further watchfulness is necessary, in order to keep down
any fungus which may appear upon the dead eggs, of which there will
always be some. It may be possible that panes of glass would serve
the same purpose as the cheese cloth trays if a current of water were
allowed to fiow very slowly between a superimposed series of glass
plates properly disposed in a trough.

"The experience of European investigators, Knoch, 1871, being
among the earliest, has been the same as myself, in finding that the
ova of the Acipenseridae were adhesive, Knoch worked with the eggs
of A. ruthenos, or the sterlet, and his account of the adhesiveness of
the eggs of that species agrees closely with my own.

"I find that the ova are more or less adhesive immediately upon
their removal from the abdominal cavity, so that if one tips for an
instant a vessel to one side in which the eggs are contained they at
once form a coating of a single lajer over the surface to which they
have thus momentarily been exposed. Upon admixture with water

12—18—1900

178

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

the adhesive material with which the eggs are covered seems to be
dissolved somewhat and become diftused through the water some-

i„ H T f /''*' '''^°'^ ^""""''^^ '"P'^- " '' '°t «f ">e eggs is taken up
n the hand from the water glair.v tiliments formed of the ropy sola
tion will trickle down between the fingers, and if the wind is blowing
these may be drawn out to the length of two feet or more

"Tins glairy or ropy character of the partly dissolved coating of the
eggs persists for sometime, usually for thirty minutes or so, after
vvh.ch tn„.. (he glairy substance hardens or coagulates in the presence
of the water and the gases held in solution by them. In process of
hardening the glairy, sticky coating of (he eggs firmly fastens them

occu, ,rd I IS scarcely possible to detach them without Injurv to their
delicate, l„n envelopes and (heir .soft, vis.id contents. con;isting of
.A oik subst.-in.e and protoplasm. The sticky ..oating of the egg finally
H-mains as a grayish white, tough, slightly elastlng coveri:,: envel
oping the egg nuMubrano proper, and varies in thickness at ditlerent
points on the surface of the ova. It is also (lu. material which wHl
cause he egg to adhere in clusters or masses, sometimes as large as

uiiii a lit tic water.

we",r nnd''1 'V 'i'' ''"'',""" '-'*'• ''^ ^""'''^ '''" ^^'■'""'"■' ^'^^^^ "«^vk,
e iiade by lacking cheese cloth to light wooden frames a foo

^^t 1, sti IPS of sheet lead to ke,.p them immer..ed. These travs placed
o ledges ,n a superimposed series in a trough through whi h the

It I " *: IT' '" """■ -'■""■^- '^ '' '-'■'■>■ '■•"<'™< "«t-"i"K device

li^::TV""" "'"' '"'"^ ''"■" '^'""■^' ^-^^-« «°<j - •

openings t the sides covered with the saiu.. kind of gau.e have been
uccssfuly used by (,.,. „.,.,.,,„s. one having b..et brought f'om

lu.g. This devi.e is quite simple and «as placed at mv disposal
hrough the ,.o„rtesy of Mr. R. .Vndersoii, of IH 'laware Citv I seem]

''^.e*;;oV;- '" T''-' ""■ '''" """•""^*" f"-' ""'•" •* -- ^esigi ;

The floating box m which the writer succeeded in hatching out
a batch of eggs of the sturgeon was exceeding simple in construe
t on and consisted oC a .,ap bo.x with the top and b'oftom emov d

to til, sides of the bo.x, a very etti.-ient hatching d.nice i. extem
poriporized. These bo.xes so n.oditied were pla.ed at the edge of the
arg,. fresh water pool near ,l,e extreme east<.rn end of life C eii
peake and Delaware canal, at a point where there was a eon tant
flow of fresh water under them. The only lot of fertilized ggs wldcl
the writer succeeded in obtaining were spread on the bottoms'of i s

No 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

179

boxes and left to liatcli. In six days from the time of fertilization the
young fish made their aiipeaiance. The rapid appearance of a para-
sipic fresh water fungus, however, caused such extensive damage
among the eggs that very few embryos survived to escape from the
egg membranes. This fungus, which appeared to be a Saprolegnia,
is developed from spores which seemed to be almost everywhere
pitisent in fresh water. The mycelium spreads very rapidly, attack-
ing dead eggs first and spreading from them to the live ones, which
are then invaded and killed or asphyxiated by the fungus. The only
way in which this pest can be kept down is to go over the trays and
with small forceps pick otl" the dead eggs and keep the living ones as
clean a>^ possilde. \Vhere the work of propogation was being con-
ducted on a laige scale the att<*ndants would probaly have to be
very vigilant in their attention to the eggs in order to keep the fungus
under control.

"The method of incubating tiie eggs upon trays of cheese cloth will
enable the attendants to readily handle the attached eggs in shallow
troughs of running water, and in a good light all the dead eggs or
those with any fungus attached may be very readily removed. With
close attention to the details of the work of propagation very im-
portant results might be ol)tained and the work of restocking the
Delaware and other streams might be undertaken with verv fair
prospects of success. This view, I think, may be aysumea «»s fully
warranted when it is remembered that as numy as <SO,O0O eggs may
be obtained from a single fish. These would cover 5U trays measuring
12 by 18 inches, or about T."» sipiare feet of surface.

"This large number of trays might be operated in a small space in
troughs aboard a vc^ssel adapted to fish hatching, or the trays might
be placed in wire cages to keep out predaceous fishes, insects, etc.,
and partly sunk into the water in such a place as the fresh water
pool near the canal lock at Delaware City. With a small pumping
engine the supjdies of fresii water might be supplied for the purpose
of cleaning and overhauling the eggs in a small building near bv
which might be provided at a slight expense for this purpose.

OBTAINING THE EGGS.

•Tlu' best source of su])ply for eggs the writer has found to be the
live fish whi<li are brought to the Delaware City butchering floats,
directly from the gill nets. Thes<' fish, if they have been handled with
a slight amount of care, will be found alive and in condition to yield
living spawn. Two precautions may be taken by the fisherman which
will be of great servict' in k(M.|»ing the fish alive in the boat. These
are to cover thtMu so as to keep the sun oH' and to occasionally spinkle
the head with water to keep the gills wetted. As an inducement to

180

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

the fisherman to take extra precautions with the fish it might be
expedient to offer them the same compensation for a fish with good
ripe roe, suitable for fertilation, as they could get for a hard roe
from the dealers in caviare. In order to get the male fish in good
condition it might be well to offer an equal consideration for a male
with flowing milt. Fishes of either sex would then be handled by the
fisherman with such care as to aid largely in guaranteeing the availa-
bility of their spawn.

"It has also been suggested that the spawning fish be 'haltered '
The haltering is accomplished by passing a rope through the mouth
and gills and tying the animal to a boom or post near the shore. The
difficulty in that case is the ease with which lampreys and eels attack
the sturgeon, besides it is said that the eggs of such fishes as have
been haltered or kept in confinement become valueless for purposes
of fertilization. Such, at least, has been the experience of the Rus-
sian investigators who have undertaken to obtain their supplies of
embroyo from fishes kept in confinement. It is probable that the eggs
of the sturgeon, as has been found in the case of the clupeoids or
herrings, when kept in confinement, become disorganized and in-
capable of fertilization. In the case of certain members of the herring
family the mature eggs of fishes kept in confinement undergo such
Changes of disorganization as to be readily noticeable under the
microscope. This singular efiect of conefinement unon the ripe eggs
in the roes of the fishes has been supposed to be due to fright. Such
an explanation of the fact would seem to find some confirmation in
the circumstance that many feieal mammals when placed in confine-
ment refuse to breed and become practically sterile

"Judging from the number of live spawning fishes brought into
Delaware City. Port Penn and other places on the Delaware, there
IS bu little doubt that several millions of ova for hatching purposes
niig It be obtained each season by vigorous and faithful exploitation

tiki' ^ 'T?M °* '"P^"^- "^^ «'"* '^'' ^8«« ^'"' ■*1"ire that spawn-
takers be distributed to each of the principal points where the
caviare is packed and to closely watch the character of the fish as
they come in and to immediately take the spawn in pans. If no
mtnre or milting males are at hand the eggs are, of c'o urse, of Z

fvZ^lliV^^r''' f"' "'"^ ^'"^'^^* °' *''^ ^'^' t»'^i°g the spawn
imp.ac, cable since there would be too little room in which to work

warfcit7wm'h''°'''/'°°' ""^ ''"'■'•''P' ""'"• P"'"^^ "^^'-K^^ !>«'«■
^are City, will be good points to operate, provided the water is not too

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

181

brackish, which is greatly dependent upon the season, the river, as
remarked before, being fresh much further south during one season
that during another.

^'Important aid has been promised the agents of the United States
Fish Commission by the State Commission of New Jersey, and I
have found that intelligent fishermen and caviare packers were also
very willing to lend valuable assistance at Delaware City. Amongst
those at the latter place, to whom I have been under great personal
obligations, I must not omit to mention Mr. Reuben Anderson."

METHODS OF FERTILIZING THE WATER USED IN HATCHING THE

STURGEON.

"Our experience with adhesive egg:* of all kinds has always shown
that it is difficult to prevent the lodgment and rapidly fatal germina-
tion of the spores of Saprolegnua or Achyla, genera of fungi or
moulds, found in all fresh w^aters upon dead as well as living fish eggs,
and Ihe rapid and fatal spread of the mycelium from affected to unaf-
fected ova. So rapidly does this fungus grow that in a very short
time its ravages will extend over an entire tray of adhesive eggs, so
that in the course of four or five days the whole lot will be found to be
covered with a mycelium, which by that time has not only passed into
the fruiting or spore-producing state, but has completed its work of
destruction.

"The eggs are destroyed by the fungus sending filaments into
their substanc€\ while the mesh of the mycelium also affords ladg-
ment for dirt, so that the two together effectually shut off the possi-
bility of oxygenating the ova, so that they are smothered. The
ova so affected are finally approjaiated as nutriment by the fungus,
which rapidly produces its spores or germs iu vast myriads, only to
pollute the water still more identifully with it^* destructive germs.

"How to prevent the inroads of this pest is a matter of the very
highest importance, since npon the successful solution of this dif-
ficulty depends the success or failure of the artificial propagation of
the sturgeon from artificially fertilized ova.

"My experience with eggs of the sturgeon at Delaware City proved
that they were particularly subject to the destructive attacks of this
type of fungus, and that unless some practical method was devised
of overcoming losses from this cause it would be of little use ot
attempt to do muih in the artificial propagation of this fish. In the
course of about five days the egg.s wiiich were i)laced in cheese cloth
bottoms of the floating hatching boxes, which I arranged in the large
fresh water pool connected with the eastern end of the Chesapeake
and Delaware canal, were for the most part attacked so as to be

182

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

beyond the possibility of rescue. Not more than about five per cent,
of the whole number were by that time free from the parasitic fungus*
so that those which survived to hatch on the sixth day were very few
in number.

''A serious difiiculty was also encountered in the firmness with
which the airected eggs adhered to the cheese cloth and to the good
ones, so that it was found to be very hard to remove the damaged
ova without injury to the good ones in attempting to tlius prevent the
spread of the scourge. In consideration of tliis circumstance the only
practicable remedy seems to be prevention; that is, the germs of the
fungus must be removed from the water used in treating tlie ova when
they are fertilized and in hatching them. Or, the water used in fer-
tilizing and hatching the eggs must be sterilized. Of these two
methods the first seems to be the simplest and easiest of application
since the spores of the Saprolegnia are comimrativelv large, so that
they may be removed from the water by a svstem of filtration

"If a system of cotton wool filters were attached to the supplv from
the pumps in such a way that the water could be continuouslv'forced
through one of a series of filters, while others of the svstem wei'e
being cleaned and reiiewcMl, it would probably be possible to get the
water used in the hatching <.perations free from the noxious si)ores
or germs of the fungus. This plan would not involve the expenditure
of any additional steam power and but little ad<liti<.iial labor and
expense. The hatching troughs, with their tiavs of egg>. would of
course have to be provided with tight titling <overs to exclude the
dust and possible contamination from the air.

^^\nother nuue expensive but perhaps mor<> thorongh method would
be the s erilization of the water used i„ the hatching operations.
Ihis could only be a<complished by means of heat, supplies bv the
superheated steam from the boilers <,f the pumping c.gines c^nn'eved
into a close ir<m chamber with an outlet for the condensed steam.
Ihrough a ccHl of pipe placed i„ this hentiug <hamlM.r, the water used
111 the hatching operations w<,uld be forced and heated up to a point
in Its passage through the coil at wl,i<.h the germs of the fun^nis
would be killed. The heated water f^u- hatc-hiug would then have to
be passed through a second coil, submerged in the <-old running water
of the river, to again low<.. its tempc-rattire to that of the wat(M- before
heating after which it would 1^^ safe to let it tlow ovca- the eg^s The
water if heated in this way, however, might be so depri '^1 of air
^hich It had contained that it would be necessarv to aerate it This
could probably be done by allowing it to flow under pn-ssu,; from
fi.ie nobles in a fin<. spray, so as to earty air into th<! water in the
tanks, the nozzles bcMug so disposed as to have their outlets elevated
aevernl inches abovc^ the surface of the water, in the same manner

I

No 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

183

as the water is aerated for the aquaria at the Central Station of the
United States Fish Commission in Washington, and in the hatching
rooms in the laboratory buildings at Woods Hole, Mass.

"Another method which suggests itself, is to force the water for
purposes of sterilization through a coil of copper pipe, suspended
over a furnace grate, arranged somewhat after the manner of a
Herreshott' steam coil boiler, then conveying the water through a
second soil submerged in running water at the ordinary tempera-
ture and then through an aerating ajiparatus similar to that described
above, to fit it for hatching purposes.

"These methods, if carred out rigorously, will insure the hatching
out the eggs of the sturgeon to the extent of many millions, so that the
chances of the survival of great numbers of protected young may be
reasonably counted upon and thus enable the Fish Commission to
increase the source of a good supply, the value of which lan only be
appreciated by those who have investigated the magnitude of the
sturgeon fisheries of the United States, and the large annual value
of the caviare now very extensively exportcMl to EuroiH».*'

Dr. Ryder's experiment in the artificial proi»agation of the stur-
geon was not the first of its kind. As far as known, the first efi'ort
was made in 188r, by Mr. Seth C.reen and Mr. A. Marks, of tn^ New
York State Fish ( Nmimission. On June Tth of that year, they impivg-
nated a large quantity of eggs and from these about M)^)^ were
hatched on .lune 10th and 11th. They made another trial on June
12th. from which one hundred hours later. r,0,tM)l) yound sturgeon were
hatched, the temperature of the ^\ater being from tJT to 74 degrees.

On July 2d, two years later, two fisheinien of Itzehoe. OiMinanv,
named J. Trede and Kappelan. impregnated a large numlxn- of eggs
and attempted to hatch tlK'iii, but on account (jf a great change in
the temperature of the water the experiment was a failure. Two
weeks later, a quantity of eggs were impregnated by milt obtained
by removing the testes from the male fish and subjecting them to
pressure. After the roe had biM'ii imi»regnated the stirring was con-
tinued for a half hour and the water in the pans frequently removed
in order to diminish somewhat the large and constantly inci-easing
quantity of viscid slime. The eggs were then transferred to hatching
boxes and placed in the lUver Stor at ten thirtv on the morning of the
15th.

The formation of the embryo in the eggs could be distinctly seen
with the aid of a magnifying glass at eight P. M. on July 17th. At
nine A. ^l. on the 18th the embroy were observed to 1»e moving about
in the eggs. At one T. ^\. «,f the same day. the tails of several pro-
trud(Ml frcnn the eggs and were actively in motion, although the
head was still within the eggs. On the morning of July 10. about
nine o'clock a groat many litth^ fish had entirely released their heads

184

HEPORT OF THE

and were skimming about in the box- h ""' °°''

central part of tlae body. On July '3d ,h'. '^^ '"" ^"™'"g the
de>eJoped. ' "'^ "^'^ t*"^ JO"ng tish were completely

The value of this experiment was th.t
impregnation the embrovo can be seen i.f ''''''''■'''' ^om: after
IS released seventy-eight hour. ^f? ^*''^'' "'"*''''•' t''" Portion

hundred hours aftet^atdthrtvoluLITr^"'""' ^"^^ ^-^^ -e
- .-. .. are so far aav^eL^r C^VtlJirro^,"

-chTetm": itraXr:?t;r -"^ ^^^ --'- - on

«tent. "'"'* o' tl''^^"' were suctessfu^. to a limited

One of the chief difti if
tbe sturgeon now is the's" '^ "t'v on,:iV' '"'ff ''■'" ^^'-^-tion of
»; ge t,ng ripe males and females at tt T "?^ *''^^ '^''''^' •J'^^^'ty
_«tand prevented the United t^^^^T •"• '''"^ '"^^ ' ""d^'
"•y eggs last year, i am of the o, I ?'"""''^'«" ^0"^ fertilizing
may be overcome to some ext n^ , ^ '^r'"''^'' '^^^ this difficulty
the ova of the female st.^'l^^^l '^ "-' »"'t ot the nnUe and
and ova of the brook trout 7JT ' '^""^ ^'taHf.v as the milt

on^trated that the milt o'he tro m::? 1 '^" '^"'^"'-^« '^-e d'm
etam all its fecundating po^ir "" ,^^'^'^1'* ^o'' ^i-^" days and still
■am Bnller, superintenden ofThe St.r r""'"-' ''''"' "">■ '''■ ^Vil-
jon at Corry, p,,ves that ri,.e ets ' t, "/""''^"'''"'^ ^^^t-" Sta-
«he has been dead manv ho„ . 'L, ' ""i ', °"' '' *"•""•" f'""* after
-n due time hatched, 'wit h^'l T '"'"' "' ' ^'^'^ male and
from others. I cannot see 1, ■ Ti, '"*'" "•"" "''^ ^'-''-e. a^d

«;th the milt and the egg. o ' hj .'"'"'^ '"°*''^"'" ^"onld not eS
^'hen a ripe n.ale is caught the n'/'T""- '" «*"^''' --l^. why
-'■v.^ until a ripe female is foind''.' """ ""* "'^ ^''"^-» '"'d pre
"arv for m, to gi,e here thin ethn,, "' "'""'■ ^* ''« ''ardlv neces-
of the milt and eg.^s for i7„ ' ""''"■«'' »« P''eserve theVitoml

report to the Board^ " ""'^' '" ^"•""' '" the present vof'm J ■:':*•;
That soniethincr n.„„x , ,

the sturgeon, as ? h e «twn" •"• ?" •^'"""'"•'■- '« -''ain. otherwise
-•^•••v few year.. This wluld f, '"" '" ''"•"»"■ -^'"'ct «'t lUn a

■^"'o-'-t Of „,„„.., invo:, ' , ' ,;'/;;;7.^ '•^'--•^v for there is a L
a'one. it .p,„, ,, ."s.ness on the Dolawaro Rive,

'^'■laware River nt H,,v .«i,i,. ''"^ '" "'^ sturgeon fisheries of the

ihore are in nU aQ-^V x
«-h boa, i., o.,,,,;;;^';;: ;-':';;;;';'t ,20« each a„d so„. even more

-n to each boat, one of X . i;': Z"'''''' " '•^''"-- ^-
?30. In addition there are hn.M- '"' '"""'h and the other

Phernalia necessary to the Lrk. "' '''' "''■''^^-^ «"d other para-

X

X

t^

FISH COMMISSIONEES.

185

No. 18.

Rpside* the boats named there are two steamers engaged in the
.t ;:': iulsux abont ten marUet boats or sloops -,," from
30 to 50 tons, and seven schooners carrying from 100 to 12o tons.

iot a 1 the men engaged in the capture of sturgeon are employed
by the rnonth. Some work on shares, in which case they rece.ve flo

^"7:^:" ttt uful;;;: about 2^0 to 225 fathoms iong and about
30 feet deep. It is stated that the meshes of the -^onty^ o^ tl>
nets are 13| inches to 14 inches, although the law ot both rtnn
s Kauia and Kew Jersey only call for m inehe.. To eadi net >
attached dobber lines of six feet, which means that the net is kept
five feet under water. This is on account of the river craft which

frpiientlv Dass over them. .

The nets are made with cotton twine of from 28 to 32 strand twune
and as may be imagined are immensely strong. ^^--JJl'^^f ^^ ^ "^^
geon net does not last long. A single season of about lb weeks is as
ton- as thev can be depended upon. Even then it requires constant
care to pre;erve them in good condition. Twice each week the nets
mu.t be taken ashore and heavily limed to remove the an.malculae
which collects on them and to pi-eserve them against the ravages ot

tlio witei*

In Jishing for sturgeon, the nets are cast and drifted the same as
when silling for shad, with the exception that the nets are not taken
up at Uie end of the How and again at the end of the ebb. W hen
the net is cast it is allowed to remain in the water until the end of
the tide The ttshermen watch the floats and when a sturgeon strikes,
onlv that part ot the net is lifted. It is exciting work to take a stur-
geon from a net. It is a powerful iish and when it becomes entangled
hi a net slashes around at a terrific rate. It is not an uncommon thing
for a large flsh to considerably damage a boat before it is finally
subdued. The endeavor is to bring a fish in alive if possible, as it is
belter for the caviare. As an aid to this the gill covers of the fish are
kept moist bv means of wet cloths or weed. Sometimes the fish is
towed in. When a fish is netted and is brought to the surface it is
boated by means of huge galTs.

The sturgeon fishermen fish both tides, and the nets are laid out
abont a couple of hours before slack water and drifted for three or
four miles or more. The nets are kept in for about an hour after
slack. The boats used in the sturgeon fisheries are of 24 feet keel
and 8 fc^t beam and carry .T tons. The masts are 2.5 feet long and
carrv two sails, a foresail and mainsail, the two containing about 4o to
60 vards of canvas. They are wonderfully seaworthy crafts and they
can be safely fishes when other boats must seek a haven en account of
bad weather.

13

1S6

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Almost immediately on a fish being brought to shore it is butchered.
The method of doing this is quite different from that of slaughtering
land animals. Instead of cutting the creature's throat the tail is
severed from the body by means of a sharp axe. The amount of blood
which the sturgeon possesses is wonderful. It is said that frequently
when the tail w cut the ice cold blood squirts several feet.

As soon as the tail is severed and before the fish is dead, if possible,
the body is opened and the eggs removed. The reason for this is
that the eggs from the live fish are more granulated and better than
when removed from a dead fish. In the latter case the eggs are quite
soft. It requires about half an hour for a fish to bleed to death, so
that there is an abundance of time for the removal of the eggs.

Immediately on their removal from the fish the eggs are ready to be
placed in the sieve. This is of galvanized wire four feet long, two
feet wide and has four meshes to the inch. The sieve is placed over
a s(iuare receptacle of galvanized tin capable of holding about 200
pounds of eggs after they have been separated from the filaments.
Pieces of roe, each about the size of a man's hand are placed in the
sieve and gently, with an undulating movement, rubbed over the
meshes, to remove the filfuiients and other matter.

One would imagine that this action would crush the eggs, but it
does not. In spite of the fact that the shell of the egg of a fish is
apparently very fragile, it is on the contrary very tough and dif-
ficult to break. Indeed, it takes very hard pressure to crush one.

As the eggs are separated from the matter which binds them
together when in the body of the fish, they fall through the meshes
of the i^ieve into the receptacle, aud when this is full they are trans-
ferred to a tub holding about 150 pounds or more. Over these eggs
is poured Lunerberg salt, an importation from Germany, peculiarity
adapted for the jmrpose, more so in fact than any other salt. Ameri-
can salt, which is said to be the next best, must be used in greater
quantities and does not act as promptly. Moreover, the Lunerberg
salt is more flaky and there fore more desirable. The quantity of
the ^alt employed determines the success of the caviare which is to
be made, and is one of the secrets of the trade.

The eggs and salt are worked into a pickle with the hands and
arms. This mixture is then left to stand a certain number of hours
according to the condition of the eggs when taken from the fish. If
the eggs were hard and green, that is not ready for fertilization, the
period for remaining in the pickle is much longer.

The determination of this is said to be usually the fine part in the
work of making caviar, and it is a matter which can onlv be learned
by long practice and observation. If allowed to remain too long in
the pickle the salt will cut into the shell of the egg^ and set the con-
tents free, and the caviare will be inferior or almost worthless.

No. 18. FISH COMMISSIONERS. 187

When the eggs have remained in the pickle a proper length of time,
thev are transferred to sieves 14 inches in diameter, the meshes of
which are from 16 to 18 to the square inch, about like those of a
coffee strainer, to be drained. When they are about the consistency
of brown sugar, the eggs are put in kegs and are ready for the market
as caviare.

While gathering data for this article a prominent manufacturer of
caviare stated to me that fully seven-eighths of the so-called Russian
caviare is made in this country, and nearly all of this is manufactured
on the Delaware River. "It is safe to say/' he said, "that not more
than 150 kegs annually are made elsewhere."

The cost of the capture of the fish and the manufacture of the eggs
in caviare is only the first cost. The manufacturer above quoted gave
these as the approximate cost of putting the caviare on the market
in 1889:

Freight to New York, per keg |0 50

Cartages, New York, per keg, 05

Cold storage. New York, per keg, 25

Insuriince, New York, per keg, 10

Cartage to European steamer, per keg, 05

Freight to Hamburg, per keg, 75

Insurance on steamer, per keg 10

Cartage in Hamburg, per keg, 05

Insurance, Hamburg, per keg, 10

Storage, Hamburg, per keg, 05

Total, |2 00

First cost of eggs, keg 135 lbs. (a 8Gc. lb., |116 10

Duty per keg, ru 18c. It)., 24 30

Charges as itemized 2 00

|142 40

This makes the cost of the caviare before purchased by the whole-
saler to be a trifle over $1.05 per pound.

As soon as the eggs have been taken from the sturgeon the butchers
begin work on the flesh, which often has great value. The head, skin
and intestines are removed and then the back bone is cut away. After
this the flesh is thoroughly scrubbed with stiff brushes and water to
remove any blood which may be remaining. When this is done, the
meat is cut into quarters, packed in ice and shipped in cases to New
York or Philadelphia, where it is disposed of to dealers. The greater

188

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

part Of that which goes to Philadelphia is smoked, but a goodly por-
tion IS sold fresh from the block. Almost the entire amount which
IS shipped to JJew York is smoked.

Tlie eggs and flesh are by no means all that is of value in the stur-
geon Indeed, there is scarcely any part of this great flsh which is not
ot value, and which is made use of in some part of the world On the
Pacihc coast the Italians eagerly purchase the main intestine, scrape
It and make from it an article which much resembles tripe In the
^..ao .juartcr of the world the Chinese are fond of the gills, from
wh ch they make an excellent soup. This same race of people also
make a soup out of the marrow found in the backbone

The fishermen themselves make a rope, of enormous strength, out
0 the skm. The flesh of the chest resembles in appearance and, in
deed, tastes, it is said, much like high grade beefsteak

All parts of the head, hide, and backbone not otherwise used are

pulse's Th!"r "' '''"'^*'"' "'"■*='' '^ ^'^^ ^•'^-^•*-' ^- ^— '
purposes. The large amount of oil which these parts contain mav

known 1, '■ *'^^,«^«*--"t '^'^^ 33 heads, hides and backbone^

The refuse after boiling makes an excellent fertilizer. At Bay

» 0 OOo'to " ' ';"'/'' "•'"'"^ "" ""* "^ ^*"rg^°° "-*«" -hieh cost
flO.OOO to erect, and at one time there was as much material as it

eould handle, but it is believed that the plant will not be operated
a er this year, because the scarcity of sturgeon will make it unpro
10^1';;;^"- " '^ ''^''' ^'^^^ ^'^ ™ "-e'y -eaped Jtra

gr Jt'ers."'''"' "''' '"' '°°'' "' '''' ^*"'-^'^""- <"■ «'^''"««' ^"^ rasps and

exceeding m the aggregate four months, sturgeon meat was n few
.vears ago the principal food of all European Russia. U ,n he .tur-

and tli. ( asp.an Sea was worth 1.7fi0.4n.-i roubles. The Persian, will

ihe Danube. ^ olga and Don were once among the most famon,
s ...geon localities in the world, and the flesh as well as Th ~
e toemed ,n that country. It is .aid that some vears ago a grand
o s.:;:r -;/-;f-^ ^-Plete without sten-et. a ,3, spe ie

minid?-;,, I, '"""' ^''"* •■' '""'' '^'••'P''"'*'1 f''""' ^he stnrgeon com-
mingled with the most expensive wines has cost .^nOO rouble, 7n

With r'nelf alTes' oZ ^ "" .H^ "t,'.;'^' —'-'\ "'--'

u\ musHians. ifnf* is s^npposod to have

w

-d
W

CD

w
>

in

U2

188

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

paif of tliMt vvhirh socs 10 riuladclphia is si„ok,,l. l,„t a goodlv „or-
non .s .sol.i f,..sl, f,.,„u (he block. Ahuosl (1,,. .MUi,-,. „n,o»„t wl i,-h
IS sliilipcd lo New Voi-k is Kiiiokcd.

Tl... ef.^s Mud II,.sl, M.-,. by no n.,.,Ms mU llmt is of valiu- iu the stur-
g<;ou. J.id,.,.,], I h,..-,. is s,an.^ly an.v part of this gt-oat (ish which is not
ol vahK., and whi.h is n.adr us,, of in soni,. part of the woi-ld. On the
la.-.h,- roasl the llalians eagerly pun-has,, the main inf.slin,. si-rape
" ^'",1 make Iron, i, an aitiele which much i-,.scnibl,.s trip,. In the

^uu,. .,,m,-,,.c ,,, ,i.. .v.uld nu. .N.im.se are n,ud ,,!■ ,he .ins. rn^^^^
1. '■!. Ih,.y nu,i<e an ,.x,-..ll,.u, .sonp. This san„. ,a,-,. of people also

make a souj, out of tlie luairow found in Ih,. ba,kb,m,.

Jl.e lislu.,nK.n ,hen,s,.lv,.s n,ak,. a ,„,„.. of ,.no,u,ons snvngth out

>i< ' <l. i.isies. ,1 ,s said, much lik,. high mad,. b,.,.rstvak

All pans „r ihe ]i,.ad, hi.h-. an.i ha.M,, not olla-rwise used are

- - ami ;, nn,. o^

■I. IH. a,g,. an.onut of oil whi,-!, ,h,.s,. pans ,.„„,:nn n.av
■ i -' l>.v ine sUMeno.nt ,ha, :',: h,.a.ls. hi,l..s an,l backbon,.;.

Th,. n.fus,. aft,.,, boiling u,ak,.s an ...xvelh.nt tVr.ili,,.,, u I?av

^ 'mm ','"," " '" ';""",'■'"■ '"•■"""" "" '"" '"■ ^""■'-"■"" ■•-'^- -lM,-h ,.ost

i, I, . n'TV- "'". '"■ """■ """■'■ "- "-^ ""■'•" -.>a.e,ial as it

''•."""<■• '"" 't ." '-liov..d that ,!„. plant will n.,t be op,.,.at,.d
- y..a,.. b,.,.ans,. „„. scan-i-y of stu,.g,.on will ,nak,. it unp,"

.;!: siis, ;.;r'- '^ '^ ^''■""" '""^ ""• ""■•"- -'■1.^ -■- wi,',, a

^ JMMn,lians us,.., ,h,. bones of „„. sturgeon. ,„■ s,.al,.s, for rasps and

.■x!''".l' uV': 1;"'" '"■'" '•' ""■ ''"■'■'■' '■•""•'■•' -'" '"<■ --l<Iy fast davs
X .dmg ,, ,h,. aggr,.ga„. four n,on,hs. s,urg,.„u n„.;„ was a f..\v

::,::::;,; ;;i"-""- 'f"""rf.-"iKurop,.anKussia. rutin,,,, s,:

at, .7, J ::''''■""'■'■'■''''''""••'• ''''•^''''' -'■""■Astrakhan

■"" "" ' .'M'Mn s,.a was vv„rlh l.Tno.K,-, ,„„|,i,.s. Th,- l',.r.i-,n. will

"lU'oti l,„,i|iii,.s ,„ 111,, world, and th,. Il,.sh as w,.n ■,. ,i, , •

';r '"""''^ -'■••^•■.v. .t is said .hats,., :.;:',;.; 3

r n • "x-l-nsiv,. win,.s has ,.„s, :..,„,„ ,„„„,,.,. ,„

•».\ iinisici.iiis. 11,,^ ,^ suj.pns..,! to liavM

-3
a

CO

/NTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

Ni,. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

189

been the origin of a ceremony once practiced in London, on Lord
Mayor's Day, tlie mayor-elect being obliged to present the King or
his proxy with a platter of sturgeon.

When figuring on results the fisherman calculates that on the
averago. three and o.u-half sturgeon will yield about one kejr of
caviare. This includes the males in the calculations, of course As
sturgeon, like all other fish, do not spawn at the same time it might
strike those who carefully examine the tables giving the catch of
fish and take of eggs at different points on the Delaware, as given
in the reports of the Commissioners and my reports to the Board as
peculiar that the three and one-half average does not hold good.
These tables show that the proportion of kegs to the number of fish
iiureases at each fishery above the Cape shore.

This is because the spawning fish play around the Cape, and do not
ascend fur her with the fl«h which are not quite readv to perform tha
func ,on of nature Thus at the Cape shore it requires about e gh
flsh to make one keg of caviare, but at Ray Side, where the main

A.coiding to G. Brown (iorte, two species of sturgeon are sup-
I.0S.H1 to exist on our Atlantic coast. The most abundant of these
Acipe^scr oxyrhynchus. i, now generally supposed to be identical
^Mth the common sturgeon of Europe, A. sturio. The other \ bre-

ITi;:^;''" '^^ f^""^'-''«^ ^--^- o.yrhynehus by its hor'er
and blunter nose, has not yet been found north of Cape Cod and

arel'L' in'' ''T''''T''' '"^ "^""^«"'- «'*'^-^'" ^'^^^ ^^^^^
Z IZ ^ ""'"''"■' '■" '^^ '^'•^^'- '•'^^'•« ^"•i -«f»ries during
the suimner season, and are frequently seen leaping from the water

Sirs ^h 'S- ■' '""'"^ '''''■'"'"' '^ " -i^ing'obiect, thirhole

witf.: splash i;s'thi"::;r •''"^■^ *'' '"-''''' '''"'" ^* ^^"^ ^--^

vidul'lfT" '"''■ '"/''"-""'• ^''' '' '^-^'''' '''*■ I" Europe indi-

^?e n ,« """"" ''""■*-""" ''"^"*''™ '''" '°"« ""^-^ been secured.

Ihe spanning season is in spring and early summer. Their effirs

alYw. hed"tr'H ""'k-To *'"''"'''""•■ ""'^'■^S"«t''d V the fish culturfsS
VoH- Ti "' <^«"'""'"«'"" of the United States and of New

also at their mouths, in brackish waters

bv^*!!T'V'"'!n."*'"'*'*' ^^ '''''"'™*'" '■^•"""^ ^he fishes which "live
b. suction ' The mouth is situated upon the under surface of the
b n,l ,,„„ „ not provided with teeth, but is surrounded with .acnp
shap .1 organ composed of powerful muscular tissue, bv means of
whi.h It grubs for its food in the mud. Its stomach resembles" at
of the menhaden and mullet, though comparativelv more muse, lar

190

REPORT OF THE

Off. Doc.

Since, like the gizard of a fowl, one of its uses is to triturate the food
which has been swallowed and which consists largely of mollusks
and crustaceans. Around the mouth is a group of large and sensi-
tive tentacles, which aid the fish in its search for food.

THE LAKE STURGEON ACIPENSER RUDICUNDUS.

The most satisfactory investigatioD of the Lake Sturgeon is that
published by Milner in Part II of the report of the United States Fish
Commission, pages C7 to 75. This species inhabits the Great Lakes
and the waters lying to the northward, and the rivers of the Missis-
sippi -^ alley. It is especially abundant in the Upper Lakes It is a
smaller species than the Atlantic sturgeon, and has a greater number
of plates or scutes upon the sides; according to Jordan, about thirty-
tour instead of twenty-eight.

Spawning Habits.-Milner records the following observations upon
the general habits and history of the Lake Sturgeon :

"The spawning season of the sturgeon in the more southern lakes
occurs in the month of June, in Lake Superior it is a little later
i-arly in June, in the southern end of Lake Michigan, they begin to
congregate near the shores and at the mouths of the rivers the Kala-
mazoo river, emptying at Sangatuch, Michigan, being a favorite
spawning ground. They may be seen in the evening in this river leap-
ing from the surface, throwing their bulky forms entirelv out of the
water. At Pier Cove, Michigan, on the 11th of June, IStI, schools of
sturgeons were at the edge of the shore, in a few feet of water, and
men from the vicinity were in the habit of wading out and drawing
them ashore with gatf hooks. ^

Eighteen were taken in this way the morning we visited the locality.
They were said to be found in the vicinity everv vear about this
inT.T;^T'"'"^v^"* " '"'■*"'^'''- '' '' "kt'l/they were spawn-

uould dis urb the eggs in every storm in a natural spawning ground
.s a „uest.on. They may have been late arrivals seeking the mouth
of he Kalan.,.oo KncT. a fc-w mile, to the north, of which ilu-v are
said to ascend to the first dam, many miles inland.
"Mr. J. G. Portman, of Benton Earbor, successful as a fish culturist

clTvTeXe ?//h"T"- ^' *'"'"■ ''''""• '•""« '" """"''^'•^ »" « shallow'
tla.^ ledge at the edge of a stream, several of them Iving flat on their

backs, with their bellies upward, rolling and splashing in shallow

v^ater with apparent enjoyment. Two or three that were taken wkl

someofX 7'"'' ''"' '"' ''''''''''''' ^■^'""'°'^'' ^^'l ^"""'J to -ntain
some of the sturgeon spawn.

1st of the .vear just referred to, a large lift of sturgeon were brought

No. 18.

FISH COMMISSIONERS.

191

ashore looking flaccid and emaciated, and one specimen out of over
twenty individuals contained spawn. In the vicinity of Bayfield,
Winconsin, on Lake Superior, they were seen late in the month of
July with the ovaries full of spawn, and the milt of the male fishes
large, making it probable that the time of spawning was later in
colder water than in warm.

"Size. — The sturgeon of this species attains the largest size of any
fish of the lakes. They are taken only within comparatively shoal
waters and in some of the bays and among the islands they are very
abundant. The largest specimen it has been my fortune to see did
not quite attain the length of six feet, though there are traditions in
localities on the lakes of nine-foot sturgeons; the average of the
mature ones taken is less than five feet.

"Their food consists almost entirely of the shell-fish of the lakes,
principally gaslertods. the thinner shelled kinds of the genera Physa
Planorbis, and Valrata being found broken in the stomachs, while
Limnaea and Melautho remain whole. A few eggs of fishes have been
found at different times, but examination of stomachs during the
spawning season of some of the most numerous fishes did not prove
them to be very extensive spawn eaters.

"The spawn is probably subjected to the depredations of numerous
fishes. It is not likely that the young sturgeons, except in the earliest
stages of their growth, sutler from the attacks of other fishes, as
they are too well defended with the sharp spine of their shields to
make a comfortable mouthful for any fishes of the lakes, and after the
spino disappears have attained a size large enough to render them
safe.

"A parasite that troubles the sturgeon is the lamprey eel, Petromy-
zon argentens. Kirt, which is found very fre^piently attached to the
skin. The circular scars and raw sores sometimes found upon the
sturgeon and attributed to tliis cause by tho fishermen are correctly
accounted for in this way. It is probable that their natural food is
the slime or miKMis exuded in abundance from the i»ores, but they
frequently retain their hold upon a spot until they have eaten through
to the flesh and deep ulcerous cavities occasionally result from the
sore."

THE STURGEONS OF CALIFORNIA.

The common sturgeon of the Pacific coast, called distinctively the
"White Sturgeon,'' writes Jordan. *'is Acipenser transmontanus."
It reaches a length of eight or ten feet or more, and is said to attain
a weight of four to five hundred pounds. We have seen none of over

192

tiEPORT OF THE

one hundred and fifty pound, weight If . .

Coluiu bia and Fraezr Kivers in abnnH ^"'""'^ '" ^''^ Sacramento

of tl.e .almon run in the spig for the T'' ''''"''"^ *''^'" «* t"*^ <i'"e

; enters the small streams, how ol ZT" '' ^P'*""'"^- ^^hether

the .turgeon ascends are mktte^s at m.t . ?""""*'^' ""'^ 1>°^ far

ance and superiority of the «almnn ^^ ^'«ewhere the abund-

are. noted. Cavia. is m:d:trtre:;r" "^^ ""'^ "-''• ^-^

'™ -™— s--= ™o.„, .„„„„„.

THE SMELT.

THE ROUND WHITEFISH.

THE LAKE HERRING.

THE COMMON CATFISH.

THE MARGINED STONE CATFISH.

THE BIG-MOUTHED BUFFALO FISH.

'HE RED-BELLIED BREAM.

THE COMMON SUNFISH.

THE LARGE-MOUTHED BLACK BASS

THE FRESH WATER DRUM

m^i^'\

THE MILLERS THUMB,

THE BURBOT.

THE TULLIBEE.

THE GRAYLING.

THE STRIPED KILLIFISH

1

THE CHAIN PICKEREL

THE CARP SUCKER.

THE PIKE.

THE BLACK HORSE.

THE MASCALONGE.

THE NORTHERN SUCKER.

!f»

THE BIG -JAWED SUCKER.

THE RED-BELLIED DACE

•;4

^i^

*<*v:

*«

THE CUT-LIPS OR CHUB.

THE EEL.

i'^M'i'/tSt^^Ji,.

y V

THE CRAPPIE.

THE BLACK-BANDED SUNFISH.

THE GREEN SUNFISH.

1^
THE BLUE SUNFISH

'^^S^

THE LONG-EARED SUNFISH.

THE COMMON

, il.

THE BANDED PICKEREI

L.

THE LITTLE PICKEREL.

THE GUDGEON OR SMELT.

THE HORNED CHUB

THE RED -FIN.

THE FALL FISH

THE BLACK-NOSED DACE.

THE ROACH

^

THE STONE TOTER.

THE COMMON STURGEON.

THE LAKE STURGEON.

THE STRIPED SUCKER.

m

i

THE RED HORSE.

THE SPOTTED CAT-FISH.

1

THE SAUCER.

THE GREAT CAT-FISH,

THE WHITE BASS

THE YELLOW BASS.

THE CHANNEL CAT-FISH,

THE LONG -JAWED CAT-FISH.

THE TESSELLATED DARTER.

•#

' f^.

THE LOG PERCH.

THE BLUE PIKE.

'.\

'^^KM^

^

THE GOLD FISH.

THE NORTHERN MOON-EYE.

ii

THE BRANCH HERRIN

u

OrriciAL Document,

No. 18.

iisiiDE>:K:.

THE BROOK LAMPREY.

THE SEA LAMPREY.

THE PADDLE FISH.

Assistant Secretary and Statistician [

Bristol Station, Report of Superintendent of iqq

Distribution of Shad Fry JQ3

Eastern Station, Report of Superintendent of, 75

Distribution of Atlantic Salmon, 99

Distribution of Brook Trout Fry 34 gg

Distribution of Bro'^-n Trout Fry 34

Distribution of California Trout Fry 34

Erie Station . Report of Superintendent of, 104

Distribution of Blue Pike ^09

Distribution of Wall Eyed Pike Fry jQg

Distribution of White Fish "Fry io9

Facts About Fish , J59

Fish Culture by Land Owners 152

History of the Sturg-eon jgg

Handling: the Ej?£rs ^.-^

Lake Sturcr^on Acinenser Rudicundus 190

Methods of Fertilizing the Water T^sed In Hatching the Sturgeon, .. 181

Obtaining the Ecrsrs j^q

Shnvpl-nosed Sturs^on—White Sturpreon. Scaphirhynchops Platy-

rhynchus ^92

Sturjreons of California 19^

List of Fish Commissionot-s of the United States and Canada 122

List of Fish Cnmmissioners of Pennsylvania \

Over- Planting and Over-Productinn of Fish 131

Report of State Commissioners of Fisheries 3

Report of the Treasurf^r 30

Summary of Distribution hq

Atlantic Salmon Fry, 114

Blue Pike jj<7

Blue Sun Fish H7

Brook Trout Fry up

Brook Trout Yearlings and Three-Year Olds m

Brown Trout Fry 113

Brown Trout Yearlings and Over 113

Cnlifornia Trout Fry m

California Trout Fry. Yearlings and Over ne

Catfish, Common 117

Catfish. Spotted ug

EgcTs for Public Schools 113

Hybrid Trout Fry 112

Hybrid Trout Fry, Yearlings and Over ng

Lake Herring ng

Lake Trout Fry m

Land-Locked Salmon Fry 113

tl'.t:?)
14

194

REPORT OF THE FISH COMMISSIONERS.

Off. Doc.

Large (Jiass Pike, Page.

Large Mouth Black Bat-s, ....'."......,." ^^^

Large Muscallonge ' ^^^

Large Pike-Perch , ^1^

Muscallonge Fry, ^1^

Pacific Salmon Fry * ' ' 11^

Pike-Perch Fry, ^^^

Recapitulation, US

Hock Bass ^-0

Shad Fry ^^^

Small Mouth Black Bass, ^^^' ^^^

Strawberry Bass, 115

Sun Fish ^^^

White Bass [ H"

White Fish Fry ^^^

Yellow Perch , " ' 118

Superintendents oi' Stations H^

Western Station. Heport of Sup'^intyndent of ^

Distrilrution of Brook Trout Fry, . . ^^

Distribution of Brown Trout Fry, ^^

L>istri))ution of California Trout Fry '^^

Distribution of European Brown Trou't Fry ^^

r^istributicn of Large Brook Trout Fry ''^

Distribution of Rainbow Trout Fry ^^

Distribution r.f cmall Mouth Black Ba^s '^-

71

I

END OF YEAR

^-.