aon ees Zansenian InstityeS 7 N \ fd ty Honal Musee®7 PROFESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE ENGINEER DEPARTMENT, U.S. ARMY. No. 18. REHPORT OF THE GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF THE FORTIETH PARALLEL, MADE BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR ACCORDING TO ACTS OF CONGRESS OF MARCH 2, 1867, AND MARCH 3, 1869, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF BRIG. AND BVT. MAJOR GENERAL A. A. HUMPHREYS, CHIEF OF ENGINEERS BY CLARENCE KING, U. S. GEOLOGIST. I-IT Rte, wis UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF THE FORTIETH PARALLEL. oe CLARENCE KING, GEOLOGIST-IN-CHARGE. PART I. PALAONTOLOGY. F. B. MEEK. PART IL. | PAL HONTOLOGY. BY JAMES HALIL AND R. P. WHITFIELD. PARY Il. ORNITHOLOGY. ROBERT RIDGWAY. SUBMITTED TO THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS AND PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR UNDER AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS. ILLUSTRATED BY XXIV PLATES. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFIOE. 1877. v-VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page TINTEAOIDUOICEAr TOOT Ber. /5 ee ceca) 0s 9a ae ee Oe eee ar eer anim ae XI NT eee AON TOMOG Noe ly ar VRBO Ss ft se ee ea ues ee eee 1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS....--..-- ee RSM aye els te alts Se ay 3 DESCRIPTIONS OF FOSSILS—SILURIAN SPECIES.....--....--.-----. ile DEVCNIAN SPECIES ....-- Boece 25 CARBONIFEROUS SPECIES .-....-. ..-. 50 DRUASSIOU SPECIES! 382-22 Meck essa - Se 99 JURASSIC OSPE OMNS)4, Yiecn gutses asic oe eee 130 CRELACEOUSISPECINSm soa. see ese eee: 140 I'RESH AND BRACKISH-WATER SPECIES. 163 IHR PUAR SoNPE CUR Sie fc ic tides ne! aceon 182 Part IJ. PALZONTOLOGY, BY JAMES HALL AND R. P. WHITFIELD .......... 198 GCRINIE YANG SI Ey MENG See ee eecrgmariy eo Aas SAM leat rete iaeuse eles oe 199 OSS SLOP NEUE MA OMS DYAIV Ie ete pene, fais arch brace ls rretey Se tres asin ee eet 205 OVERS TODA see eee ies een cy See eae 252 HB) AV OOINITEANN ere eee ral UNG, So lected s) ) AG VV PANV AEN Vga cetera ter sole ins 5,0 eM esc wwe Rea a he 251 HOWHE OMB ONENEROUS™. -oc. s.c5 28 agiecbe ace nee 265 CoAL-MEASURES AND PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS..-. 273 UNG STOR aN ee een en ee kee 280 AUIUA SST Cpa etn, aerate irks ones ea pin ce, 284 PAnT tik ORNITHOLOGY, BY ROBBER RIDGWAY . 2: - << 25-25-25 fee oes ea 303 > GETS: GVRACOLOISE DING Si ol oc nen Mn et 305 PGE BELO PURO AN SMUG SION Ms fae Acs bo ale cicle= sine nia apataeyetioie e's = 2s 307 DESCREE TION TORRE a OWNS we sans 2 ate eae Sere eMeeaels Geese one o 309 PHYSICAL PHATURES, OF THE GREAT BASIN 2.0: 2. 4... 5- 00% oc 245. 313 LDF) CUANIG AG TIESASWIINCAUE tee Ree ae ey eel rae ate ee eee eee ark 316 WHSCRIETIONSONCAIPS 2.0). 2 exes baer eon hn ews be Sane 328 GENERAL REMARKS ON THE BASIN AVIFAUNZ .... .:-.-... ----.- 317 COUGH NTE OYE OF DOU DUS) 25 OO) DISD aie, ca eae cS 0) gee en 386 EO GEIR Aly SROVIION eee mk ae BE rea. cratic oie gas weasel uc o one 391 ANE XO se ATMs orem coe TOC a Ge ee 5 hit clétic: SLES CE SO On Sa a 645 TRTDISNG THO) TEATRO Ls Re Aras canons eer eS aura Ree an ee ee a 649 ALENT NeO le AVE ESNet cram tone a aihny 3 eine eerae IE Rd SDE. be Sctehouleen nk on 652 VII-VIII Fig. Vig. z=) 11. DALMANITES (undt. sp.) . CONOCORYPHE KING. Upper view, natural size SPEIDNON DEALT J oINONENSTSp aaciclc cis cine ae eis aie See eee ese aE See ae eee PLATE I. Page. . OPHILETA COMPLANATA, var. NANA..---...----- eee eee AAs (eae Oe ac eao toa eas 17 1. An upper view of a specimen, natural size, as seen lying in the matrix. 1a. The same, enlarged. 1b. Profile view, enlarged. b IRV NEENRONU) THOMEMTIMONNIG) 5a52 055052 co02 Decors bans SoSes0 sa2gee onDES Seoeco seSace ceee 18 2. View of upper side, natural size. 2a. Profile view of same. 2b. Under side of same, magnified. [In the specimen, the umbilicus is filled with rock, though its subangular margins are exposed. | ¢ RAPHISTOMAST ERO CHISCUS Ee: he: eae wea siacteenieint ne ictae een ie CET ee eee eee ER eC eeae 19 3. Upper side, natural size. 3a. Profile. 3b. Under side, enlarged. [The umbilicus is filled with rock in the specimen, but its margin is clearly seen. ] [The specimen is accidentally compressed so as to spread cut the posterior extremities of the cephalic shield more than is. natural. Broken edges of the crust are also in the figure wrongly made to look like small nodes at the ends of the segments of the mesial lobe. ] . PARADOXIDES? NEVADENSIS. Shows upper side of a part of thorax and pygidium ....-.... 23 ig. 6. HAV OSTBES | (Udit SPs)! eects-eesee aimee air iste Shape cies eis ekesie epee ee marcas Seaeee iSaptestes 20 PPAR VEP AUR TIC Wi MRTG ss, 5 5,0:.5.6:5 5, e)e 015 tain asco en eve ate tm siete telerare ore = oe ape ye Siemois loreterele ears etenc tale eel eee meets : 38 7. Dorsal view. Za. Side view. mates 46 8. Side view of a large specimen, natural size. 8a. Opposite view of a smaller specimen. L SPITE AP INO NENSIGs <.< So sece cise tere seo mice a eisse is aemiciojale wieieatel Gunielal els lyatsie /srelotene loners eter Enea 45 9. Dorsal view, natural size. 9 a. Profile view of same. 9b. Ventral view of same. 10; AP ROSCUSSDENTICULATUB Ss. cists ac os Sonsis one eee ee Ss Sloe ec ACIS Dene eee eee eee 49 10. The glabella embedded in the matrix (enlarged two diameters). 10a. Pygidium, enlarged two diameters. cay 10. One of the thoracic segments seen in profile (enlarged two diameters). Beck eae te Sn een aareie Serer men ANE 8 as ees na Goss 48 11. A monld of the pygidium. 1la, Another specimen of same. wes ¢ ol. Expl. 40 Parallel Silurian and Devonian Plate I. . S. Geol. Expl. 4 ower Oilurian J.Bien Jit. ELW. Elliott del. PW AC Amey alee Hig, PLY CHOPMYECUN GNNUNDIGUIE UM: -aeeeineeete testis Sanne eee ee eee ee ee eee eee 1. A longitudinal section, showing the depth of the calice, with the unfundibuliform plates, and apparences of a columella. la. An upper view of another specimen. 1b. A side view of a third specimen. Hig.2. CYATHORM Ya UN PALMERG jec=-/srvearc oe cle -teee seine SAE ee er ee eee ee ee Serre View of upper side, showing the young corallites at places growing in the middle of the calices of the old. Bigs; Spe AVOSERES) POT: YAN O12 HA teeta re eer ee eee BoEOenEd dcbone a quandas oHbcobesleos Motte IDOE SEB ae KOMI N IOKIKOS CEM IUOINIS Docs cseede ceoo nbs noeu ocoo cocanquscueocebe secu nHoe noma Dooe 4. Aside view of a bundle of the corallites, imperfect at both ends, and showing them to coalesce at intervals. 4a. A longitudinal section of onc of same, enlarged, showing the wide inner area occupied by broad, slightly arching tabula (without any traces of a columella), and the very narrow, outer vesicular area. 4b. A transverse section of same, enlarged. JENS De NCI PACIENIDHA IPISINTEAGONUA Cote oba5 ope uobose etecop nesa Saco Tes tenN Qbsc conse anse ce s3 55 ce 5. View of upper side, showing corallites, natural size. 5a. A transverse section of a few of the corallites, enlarged. Bigs6. SMUneia TEMNINAMIU; ERS oor crereiciey cis = ciciovs sis teiz a pars ce ce clare ersiers Sieretene ere alana Severe ee = acai owteleravarmlernaieiare 6. View of surface, showing corallites, natural size. 6 a. Transverse section of same, enlarged. Big. 7)., ATV BOUIRES, “IMU L I AU EITIAS ra, scars Sere iste i Scns ois ele potatoe teres =e ee ENT ep SEI oie he eee eet 7. View of a flat, vertical, weathered section. 7a. A portion of same, polished and magnified, so as to show the num rous, thin, crowded tabule, and the mural pores; the latter being seen through the transparent calcareous matter filling the interior. 7b, A transverse section of the same, showing the forms of the corallites, magnified. Fig; 8. (\ORTHOCHRAS KINGU jo. a sc:s -eteticoe soe ose hem see ie se Ese) See oe se ee eee Figt 2) ORDHOCERASI(UNGt: SP!)) o-ce aeaec dos cae es ee eee eee ee een = aorta eee eee 33 27 28) 3l 32 47 48 U.S. Geol. Expl. 40 Parallel Devonian Plate IL. HW. Elliott del. ; =a J. Bien jith.. s am cabegiinn tn’ borne ctw is te, Bees ee PES! PU AC a Se Hie SOPURTCER MU MALTON STS se ee eee eee 1. An antero-ventral view, natural size. 1a. Dorsal view of same specimen. 1b. A side view of a smaller specimen. 1c. A cardinal view of another specimen, showing area and foramen. 1d. Cardinal view of the ventral valve of the largest specimen seen. le. An antero-ventral view of same. Fig. 2. HEMIPRONITES CHEMUNGENSIS, var. ARCTOSTRIATA 2. View of ventral valve, with an oblique view of area. Hig. (3. SPIRIPER ENGEEMANND cs acer scenes “Se ce= Bee ee eae see me hee eee ee eee eee Eee eonee 3. A cardinal view, showing area and foramen. 3a. A side view of saine. 3b. Dorsal view of same. 3c. An antero-ventral view. 3d. A ventral view of another specimen apparently of this species. 3 e. Dorsal view of last. Fig. 4, SPrrRIrER ARGENTARIUS 4. i Ae aE av eile J Oiifets ioe Un ats KOSH ROMO NVIEvEUNION AL Sook c5bods pansdesoSoon FScecd bosebu cone eae acsoooorsagocce 1. cane eee taeee ne chiens clerniciomreincie te eitaiaeeere 85 1. Dorsal view of the original typical specimen. La. Ventral view of same. 16. An outlive profile of same. 1c. An internal cast of the ventral valve, showing the slit left by the rostral septum. 1d. A dorsal view of another very gibbous specimen. le. An outline profile of same. Fig: 2. PRODUCTUS NEVADENSIS iadscsau cies acueeieckees cee eee eset eae Soares yes osicen coal 64 2. Ventral view of a specimen, with the ears broken away. 2a. Cast of the exterior of a ventral valve of same species. 2b. Ventral aspect of another specimen, turned so as to give a more direct view than fig. 2. 2c. Internal cast of ventral valve. 2d. Aside view of same. 2e. A longitudinal section of a specimen with the valves united. Hig. o.s PRODUCTUS: MULTIST RVARUS 20 cise Ree een seeine ns) ieee oisl ye isiera i= eeeree steerer 76 3. Ventral view of a rather large specimen, with the free margins Shier away. 3a. Side view of same. 36. Ventral view of a smaller specimen, with one ear and much of the margins broken away. 3c. Dorsal view of last. 3d. Side view of same. 3e. Internal view of a dorsal valve, too much worn to show internal markings, but showing the very abrupt geniculation of the anterior and lateral margins around the flattened visceral region. IDEs Gl JENOWIGOIN US) WORKERS Soo sob cho 565 sooa5s bbomno oo Ssc5 anoobs yessse On sond Sase0 see7 S500 78 4. Aside view. 4a. Veutral view, with ears partly broken away. JOT; Gy, SMO MIs IAEA CHMIlis S]Dy))ooo5 aeosoo Sessa becess ce Se5c aog5ne Pando cobs DSDOnD Oy ooBaNS GoDSSe 84 5. Dorsal view of a specimen, with lateral extremities imperfect. 5a. Antero-ventral aspect of same. 5b. A side view of same. LDCs PATTI MS NOLL ENTE TENG A oes mB nee AR Oo Meee geo Ske cocseoae Sobade sos sop eSecou Joasca casos canoe 83 6. Dorsal view. 6a. An outline profile of same. Plate VII. Carboniferous U. S. Geol. Expl. 40 Parallel J.Bien hth. FLW. Elliott del. . Eun vi irle US SENS RY Sig Zt" Write #9) At exc tdy See TPP epee TE oleae Wao teeth. in putes 2 at hm, abe AF Fe Par’; Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. (Sai PLATE IX. A WPIRINERYSCOBINA,