g-..*-r>'^"-^'"-- V.' ^ .^ncnraoiiic institution /fo U.S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT COAST GUARD BULLETIN No. 46 REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN - [TS^^] *^BORATORr lJb'rary W. H. 0 I U.S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT COAST GUARD Bulletin No. 46 REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN R. P. BULLARD R. P. DINSMORE ALFRED P. FRANCESCHETTI P. A. MORRILL FLOYD M. SOULE CG-188-15 Season of I960 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1961 UNITED STATES COAST GUARD ADDRESS REPLY TO: COMMANDANT U.S. COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON 25, DC. OFU 17 Feb 1961 Transmitted herewith is Bulletin No. 46, Report of the International Ice Patrol Service in the North Atlantic (!)cean, season of 1960. A. C. Richmond, Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard, Coinmatidarit. Dist (SDL No. 72) A: a aa b c d e f (LAUREL, COWSLIP, EVERGREEN, CACTUS only) i (1) B: a (250); e (5); b c (2) ; d s 1 m (1) C: a b (1) D: h (10); c e (1) E: d (35) List 133 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface vii International Ice Patrol, 1960 1 Aerial ice observation 2 Communications 3 Monthly ice conditions 4 Ice reports 15 Iceberg demolition experiments 21 Physical oceanograjjhy of the Cirand Banks region and the Lalirador Sea in 1960 31 PREFACE This bulletin is No. 46 in the series of annual reports on the Inter- national Ice Patrol and covers the season of 1960. It is divided into two parts. The first is a report of tlie observation operations which extended from 11 ]Marcli to 30 June 1960. Sliip, aircraft and com- munication activities are described in detail and special sections deal with observed monthly ice conditions, experiments in iceberg demoli- tion and statistics on ice and sea temperature reports for 1960. The second part comprises a preliminary presentation of the oceano- graphic data collected during 1960. Included are charts of dynamic topography of tlie sea surface (ocean current maps), tables of oceano- graphic (hita, and a brief discussion of the results of tlie season's four oceanographic surveys and the post-season research cruise in the Labrador Sea. The authors of the section on oceanography are Floyd M. Soule, Oceanographer, U8CG, Lieut. P. A. Morrill, "USCXI, and Alfred F. Franceschetti, Oceanographer, ILSCG. The remainder was written bv Capt. R. P. Bullard, FSCTi, and Lt. Comdi-. K. P. Dinsmoi<>, USCG. INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL, 1960 Between 11 March and oO June 1900, the International lee Patrol operated in the Xorth Atlantic Ocean to serve the safety of ships traversiTig the shipping- lanes in the vicinity of the Grand Banks of Xewfoundlar.d. This service has been conducted annually since 191.3, except for the years 1942 through 1945, by operating forces of the L'nited .States Coast Guard. The 1960 iceberg year was a rela- tively light one with approximately 253 bergs drifting southward of the 48tli ])aiall('l of latitude duririg the year as comjiared to the 693 in 1959. Connnander Ross P. Bullard. USGG, was assigned as ( 'oinmander, International Ice Patrol. Facilities placed under Gonunander Bullard's command were the U.S. Goast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, Xewfoundlarid; L^.S. Goast Guard Radio Station X^IK, Argentia, Xewfoundland; U.S. Goast Guard Gutter Evergreen (ocean- ographic vessel); and the U.S. Goast Guard Gutters AcushnH and Gentian, standby patrol vessels. Primary ice observation for the season was conducted by aircraft. A secondary but indispensable source of information consisted of reports from merchant and government vessels. Additional valuable information was received from the Ganadian Ice Information Office at Halifax, the Ganadian National Telegraph at St. Jolnis, Danisli sources in Greenland, and the U.S. Xavy. The Office of Gommander, International Ice Patrol was moved to the United States X'aval Station at Argentia, X'ewfoundland, on 8 March and patrol services were inaugurated on 11 March. The ice situation that date showed extremely light coPiditioriS with no icebergs or pack ice south of Belle Isle. Ice conditions were lighter than normal during March and .Vpril, somewhat heavier than normal during May and lighter tlian normal during June. A detailed descrip- tion sunnnarizing monthly ice conditions throughout the year appears in a later section. The raj)id warming of the waters over the Grand Banks, the relative inactivity of the Labrador Gurrent south of the 49th parallel, and the distribution of ice permitted termination of ice patrol services with the 1248Z broadcast on 30 June. Inasnuich as ice conditions were light, the establishment of a surface patrol was not necessary and the shipping track shifts were made on schedule. The reader will note that this bulletin of the series has l)een retitled from the previous "International Ice Observation arid Ice Patrol Service." The former title reflected a distiriction made when the patrol was conducted by ships alone. The term "Ice Observation" was used 1 (luring a search for ice infoi-iiintioii; "Ice Patrol" meant tliat ice in- fornuition was availaljle and being broadcast. Tlie advent of aircraft reconnaissance and radar ai'.d the integrated activities of the planes, oceanogrji])hic vessel and patrol vesscd now provide the continuity of infoiMuation whicli permits the un((ualified use of the term "Patrol." Jt is eni])liasized that (lie change in title in no way reflects a change in the functions or services of the T^ati'ol. AERIAL ICE OBSERVATION Fortv-one ice observation flights wei'e made during the ])erio(l from 10 March to 30 June. 'J'lu'se flights averaged 1.200 miles in length and 7.5 hours in duration. Each flight is planned for maximum cover- age in a selected area. The search areas are determined by the degree and reliability of available ice information over the Grand Banks, prevailing conditions of wind, sea and visibility, and the activity of the Labrador Current. The primary objective is to maintain accurate information concerning the southwestern, southern, and southeastern limits of the ice. A secondary objective is to fix th(> location of as much of the ice within the limits as is consistent with the accomplish- ment of the primary objective. Twenty preseason observation flights were made from 1 January to 10 March by C^oast Guard Air Detachment Argentia aircraft to estab- lish the southern limits of the ice in its southward drift. The position and rate of encroachment information resulting from these flights is the major factor in determining the time that the patrol services should connnence. The relatively large number of preseason fliglits was principally due to tlie unusual appearance of icebergs on the Grand Banks during late December 1959 and January 1960. From the termination of the Patrol on 30 June to 16 September, 14 postseason reconnaissance flights were made to guard against an midetected ice encroachment. During Decend)er due to the report of bergs oflf the Newfoundland coast, two reconnaissance flights were made searching the area from 48° N. to 50°20' N. as far east as the 1,000 fathom curve. No ice was sighted during these two flights. Flight statistics for the Patrol season are ])resented in tabl(> 1. Table 1. — Aerialjilce Obscrvation^Statistics for the 1960 Season March (10 30 April May June Total.-. Number of flights Number (lays flights made Number (lays good weather .\verage visual ef- fectiveness Percent (i7. 5 70.0 52. 3 79.8 63.4 -Maximum number days between flights Hours flown 48.1 72.4 96.8 90.4 307 COMMUNICATIONS Primary radio communications for International Ice Patrol was conducted In' U.S. Coast Guard Radio Station (XIK). Argentia, Newfoundland. Commencing with the 0048Z broadcast on 11 March I960, this station broadcasted ice advisory bulletins to shipping at 0048 and 1248 Greenwich Mean Time until the final broadcast on 30 June 1960. Transmissions were made simultaneously on 155 kilo- cycles, 5320 kilocycles and 8502 kilocycles with an output of 2 kilo- watts. Each bulletin was transmitted twice, after a preliminary announcement on 500 kilocycles. The first transmission was made at 15 words per minute, the second at 25 words per miiuite. All l)roadcasts included a statement as to the method of ice obser- vation being used and a request that ships report all ice sighted and report sea water temperature, position, course, speed, visibility, and surface weather every four hours when between the latitudes of39°X. and 49° X. and longitudes 42° W. and 60° W. The significance of the ice reports is obvious l)ut the importance of the other information, while equally important, is not so apparent. The sea temperature reports are used to construct isotherm charts which play an important role in the evaluation of berg reports, prediction of berg drifts and estimation of the rate of ice deterioration. The charts prepared from these reports are included as figures 1 through 7. The position, course and speed information is plotted for use in ascertaining the density of shipping in a given area and for possible use in issuing a special warning should a vessel or vessels appear to be standing into danger. The visibility and weather reports are used in determining the feasibility of making an ice observation flight in a given area. The response to the requests for information, while not complete, was gratifying. Merchant vessels handled traffic with XIK on their assigned fre- quencies with X'lK working on 427 kilocycles, 6477.5 kilocycles, 8734 kilocycles or 12718.5 kilocycles as appropriate. International Ice Patrol also operated a branch teletype station from the naval teletype relay at Argentia. This circuit was used for the transmission and receipt of ice information between the United States Xaval Hydrographic Office, the Canadian Department of Trans- port Ice Information Office at Halifax, U.S. C^oast Guard Head- quarters, and other interested agencies. During the 1960 season. Ice Patrol communication facilities handled a total of 18,029 radio messages and 22,420 landline messages. The statistics concerning ship reports is given in the following table: Number of ice reports received from vessel.^ 1, 008 Number of vessels furnishing ice reports 275 Number of sea surface temperature reports 7, 436 Number of vessels furnishing sea surface temperatures 525 Number of requests for special ice information 188 Total number of vessels worked (not including relays) 592 3 Tlic pcrccMitap' dislribiil ion of roportiim' vessels by iintioiiality was as follows: Coiint.iy United Kingdom United States... Gennany Norway Sweden Netherlands Liberia Italy France Panama- Canada Greece Ireland U.S.S.R No. of repcrtins ships 154 82 77 50 42 27 25 16 12 Percentage of total 28.0 14.9 14.0 9.1 7.6 4.9 4.5 2.9 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.9 Country Denmark Finland Iceland Israel Poland Portugal Belgium Spain Union of South Africa Japan Switzerland Yugoslavia 26 nations No. of reporting ships Percentage of total 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 MONTHLY ICE CONDITIONS, 1960 JANUARY The heginiiiii^- of llXiO roiiiul several icebei'gs present along the eastern slo])e of the Ciraiul Banks and scattered bergs along the Newfoundland coast as far south as Cape Race. These bergs were the remnants of the vigorous southward move- ment of ice experienced during 1959. Three large bergs drifting south of the 48th parallel in December reached positions between 45° N. to 46° N. and 48° W. to 49° W. by 8 January. Subsequent reports iiidicaled these bergs were tlien carried eastward achieving no further southerly drift. The last of this group was sighted on the 12th by a United States naval vessel in position 45°10' X., 4()°02' W. Such an occurrence of ice (hn'ing January can be considei'ed excejjtional. Not since 19)^7 ha\'e bergs been observed so far to the south (hiring this month. Again fioni 8 to 28 January a berg \\as kept nnder observation whidi at the end of this period was last reported in 4o°51' N., 47°02' \y. This latter berg was one of the three estimated to have crossed soutli of the 48th ])ai'allel during the month. All others sighted in Januar\' ])robal)ly arrived soutii of 48° N. in Xovember and Deceml)er. The othei- two (h'ifted close along the N^ewfoundland coast ; one sighted by U.S. Uoast (iiiard ('utter ('(tsco on 12 January in 47°17' N., 52°34' W. and th<> other was I'cporled by an airci'aft on 2o January just east of Ua|)e St. Francis. Included within this latter group are the several bergs which were rejjorted giounded in the ('ape Race area throughout December and flanuary. PeriodicalJN one or more of these bergs would unground and be (iii\'en southward by storm winds and exce])t in one instance would last he re|)()ited in the area near 45°4()' N., 52°4()' W. Such occurrences were observ(>d on the 3d, 14th and 1 8th of Januai\. The one exception was on the 25tli when 4 59° 58° 57* 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° FiouBE 1. — Surface isotherms for the period 16-31 March 1960. Tl as Uni Uni Gcr Noi Svv( Net Lib Ital Fra Pan Car Grc- Irel: U.S Nf in( of 46 iru SOI Ui ()(•( sin IIK wli W. SOI Jai Th hy 52 jus tlu llu am 4")' 141 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 59° 58° 57 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 2. — Surface isotherms for the period 1-15 April 1960. 59° 58° 57° _ 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44' 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 4.— Surf ace isotherms for the period 1-15 May 1960. 59° 58° 57° 56; 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° ^]° , ^f'". ,^f ^"i i i i"*;^' 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52' 51° 50° 49° 48° 47 45° 44° 43° FiouEE 6. — Surface isotherms for the period 1-15 June 1960. 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 46° 45° 44° 43° a growler was reported near C^ape St. Mar}-, thus indicating a westerly drift. Following a last sighting of a small berg near Cape Race on 29 January, no further ice was reported south of latitude 48° N. until April. It can be concluded that this rare January activity was asso- ciated more closely with the ice season of 1959 rather than that of 1960. A warm winter with above average air temperatures in Newfound- land, precluded the formation of local sea ice except in the bays and straits of the northern coast. Patches and small fields of slush and bav ice were reported occasionally within and near the Strait of Belle Isle, but the Strait remained navigable throughout the month. The Gulf of St. Lawrence remained open during the month and with the aid of the Canadian Department of Transport icebreaking and ice forecasting service, shipping was maintained in the River St. Lawrence as far as Quebec City tlu'oughout the month. Ice reached its greatest extent duririg the second and third weeks of the month. FEBRUARY Except for one l)ei-g grounded at Cape Boriavista and scattered bergs along the coast noi-th of latitude 51° X., no bergs were observed in the Grand Banks or Newfoundland area during the month. A berg was reported by SS Salacia on 19 February in 43°45' N., 48°00' W., but an aircraft searching the area later in the day failed to find any trace of the reported berg. Since the reported sighting was in darkness at a range of over 6 miles and within an area of high density shipping, the accuracy of the report is c{uestionable. Local sea ice and pack ice moving southward from the Labrador coast early in the month, blocked the Strait of Belle Isle and the reaches of bays and inlets of northern Newfoundland and persisted in concentrations varying from seven to nine-tenths cover of the sea surface. However, air temperatures averaging 8° to 15° above the monlhly mean, favored the majority of Newfoundland ports with ice-free conditions and no sea ice w^as observed over the Grand Banks or Newfoundland waters south of latitude 50° N. Throughout the month, the southern Ihnit of field ice approximated very closely a line from Belle Isle to 53° N., 52° W. thence north-northwesterly. It consisted primarily of local Labrador pack and was not of Arctic origin. The central Gulf of St. Lawrence continued ice-free during the month, but prevailing northeast winds concentrated heavy ice in the Prince Edward Island aufl ( 'haleur Bay areas. Icebreakers, however, were able to maintain some shipping to major ports in the Gulf and to Quebec Cit}'. MARCH T\\v first half of March saw only two icebergs south of Belle Isle, but there were many bergs arriving at the Strait and scattered close along the Labrador coast. These conditions were undoubtedly due to northeasterly winds prevailing during the earh' months of the year. A close parallel existed in the distribution of pack ice. The consolidated and heavy ice was concentrated along the coast with only transient storms carrying loose pack any distance offshore. Such conditions are depicted in figure 8, which shows observed ice conditions on 3 March. On 22-23 March aerial ice observation found the edge of the Arctic pack at the Labrador coast at about latitude 53° N., and accompanied by a high concentration of bergs witliin the pack. Few bergs as yet had drifted south of Belle isle but many were scattered throughout the Strait and into the northeast arm of the Gulf of St. Lawrence as far as Riche Point. Tliis latter condition is a relatively rare occurrence but is due probably to the unseasonally light sea ice within the Strait and its approaches permitting tiie transit of icebergs that would otherwise have been blocked. There was little change in the field ice limits given by figure 8 from March 3d through March 16th. However, between the 16th and the 22d a rapid southward movement occuri'cd under the influence of strong northwesterly winds. On the 23(1 heavy sea ice extended as far south as Fogo Island, Newfoundland, and was being driven well off the Labrador coast. The situation as it existed that day is shown on figure 9. The conditions thus described resulted from the shift from north- easterly to northwesterly winds. This was made obvious at the month's end by the appearance of numerous bergs and growlers eastward from Belle Isle to longitude 52° W. Two weeks earlier none of these bergs were known to be east of the 55th meridian. On 31 March the Arctic pack had advanced to latitude 51° N., and loose field ice had encroached alctiig tlie Xewloniidland coast about 49° N., 52° W. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence ice conditions (h'cliiied steadily through- out March exce])t in the northeast arm where \'oung ice continued to form and winter ice was cai'ried in l)y an exceptionally vigorous circulation through the Strait of Belle Isle. This ice reached its peak about 23 March and thereafter deteriorated steadily. No well developed "ice-biidge" was foj'med across Cabot Strait by the bi'eakup and outflow of Gulf ice by reasons of both a light ice year and pressure exerted l)y the noi'theast winds. However, Cabot Strait did not escape ice-lree. With the relaxation of the northeasterly flow, sufficient ice drifted into Cabot Strait to l)lock the port of Sydney, N.S., during the third week of March. Shipping continued through Cal)ot Strait but was hampered by patches and belts of loose ice for the I'etnaindei' of the month. Twice during March, icebergs were sighted l)v Ocean Station Bravo (United States Coast fJuard Cutter Casfh Hock), located in the middle of the Lal)radoi' Sea. These bergs were trnckcd b\- that vessel within the limits of its 200-mile station. Such sighthigs are rare and are outside of or close to the limits of iceberg occurrence as shown on hydrographic cliarts and pul)lications. The first instance was 15-18 March when the berg was sighted in position 56°23' X., 50°29' W., and tracked to meltuig at o4°5r X., o0°40' W. The drift averaged 22 miles per day in a south-southwest direction. The second case was from 22-25 March with the berg first sighted in 56°27' X., 50°38' W., and abandoned hi 54°55' X'., 51°15' W., when it reached the southern limits of the ocean station after a 22 mile-per-day southerly average drift. Other extreme ice sightings were by M/V J6kulj'ell on 20 March which reported four bergs at 57°20' X'., 39°10' W., SS Mormacsaga which siglited a small berg in 56°39' X., 39°57' W., on 21 March and an unidentified aircraft whicli reported a large berg in 56°o0' X., 48° 00' W. Certainly these latter bergs and probably the OSV Bravo bergs were of East Greenland origin. Ice reports received during March for tlie area south of latitude 49° N. are summarized in figure 13. APRIL The suspected southerly movement of icebergs into the Grand Banks area at the eiul of March materialized during the first week of April when the season's crop of bergs was observed to be approaching the northern slope of the Banks unck'r the influence of the Labrador Current. The axis of the berg movement can be deduced from figure 10 whicli shows conditions as they existed at the end of the second week. Here the forefront of the bergs is shown breaking out of the pack ice which has achieved very nearly its maximum southward extrusion from the year. The first berg of the season to drift across the 48th parallel did so at this time. It is interesting to note that throughout the month this berg movement coincided in its entirety very nearly with the eastern branch of the Labrador Current. By the month's end 33 bergs had crossed latitude 4S° X^., of which 27 did so during the last week. Xone had been observed along the east coast of X^ewfoundland south of Cape Freels. After occupying the limits on 15 April shown by figure 10, the pack ice changed little throughout the remainder of the month. The rate of deterioration along the southern boundary very nearly equalled the rate of southward movement. At the month's end a dominant northerly wind in the Belle Isle area resulted in a heavy concentration of ice being carried to the northern slope of the Grand Banks, and an encroachment of ice along the east coast of X'^ewfound- land as far as Baccalieu Island. Warming sea temperatures prevented any major spreading to the south, however. Ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence deteriorated steadily and shipping was inaiiitaiiicd tlirouiiiiout tlio month. Dui'iiifi' the fii'st week, small fields of brash and slush hampered shipjiinu' in C'a])ot Strait and on the main steamer track as far as Heath Pohit, Anticosti Island. Rotting patches remained in Cabot Strait until 18 April. Thereafter no further sea ice was ol)served for the season except small patches persisting in Xorthumberland Strait to the months end and heavy winter ice which blocked the extreme northeast arm of the Gulf. Early in April reports of growlers and bergy bits from the Gulf of St. Lawrence ])etween Heath Point and C^ape St. George were regarded at first as large rafted Hoes of sea ice. How^ever, as this ice invaded the main shipping track between Anticosti Island and Bird Rocks during the third week of April, reports of icebergs became frequent and the glacial origin of this ice was recognized. Berg reports, espe- cially in such numbers from this part of the Gulf are extremely rare. By the last week in April these bergs were observed drifting seaward through Gabot Strait at a rate of about 25 miles per day. From 24-30 April at least seven l)ergs were sighted south of latitude 48° N., w^ithin the Gulf and many otiiers were grounded along the west coast of Newfoundland and at Anticosti and Magdalen Islands. These bergs wei'c tlie same as reported in March to be transiting the Strait of Belie Isle. As was tlien noted, the explanation ])robably is in the prevailing northeast winds fi-om December to mid-March and the light winter sea ice existing in the Strait which otherwise would impede the berg's progress. Other unusual ice sightings occuiicd on 4 (i April w hen OSV Fraro sighted two small bergs near 5()°8()' \., r)l°2()' \V., and again on 26 April when SS A^^o/m, reported a large herg in 5()°40' X.. 45°40' W. Ice reports for April are |)l()lted on figure 14. ^riie existence of a large berg reported the 23d in 43°40' N., 48°00' W., by the Factory Fishing V^essel Faitiry III is open to ([uestion. This berg was reported at night and could not ])c I'elocated the following day l)y intensive aerial searcii uiuh'r ideal conditions of visibility. In addition to the 33 bei'gs (h-ifting south of latitude 48° X., in the east, 8 more can be a(l(h>(l in the (Jiilf of St. Lawrence making a total of 41 foi- the month. At the beginning of May, icebergs approaching the noi-thern slope of the Baidvs wei'(» more westward than the earlier arrivals in Api'il. This was, in part, (hie to strong northerly winds occurring the last week in April over the Belle Isle area which had the effect of con- centrating the pack ice close along the Labrador coast and shifting the berg movement more toward the Xewfoundland coast. In addition to conditions (h'scribed in the foregoing paragraph, a sevei'e storm over the CJrand Banks 1-3 May with attendant north to northeast- winds altered radically the (list rihiit ion of ice over the 8 Graiul Banks. Ice was (h'ivcMi from its previously well formed pattern within the Labrador Current and spread over the entire northern portion of the Grand Banks and along the Newfoundland coast as far south as Gape Race. The changes brought about by the two aforementioned conditions can be seen by comparing figures 10 and 11. It was not, however, until 7 May that the complete effect was apparent. An examination of figure 15 shows that the exti'eme berg encroachment for the year over tlie central part of the Banks occurred at this time. The period 1-7 May also inchuU'd the maximum luunl^er of berg arrivals south of latitude 48° X. Fifty-four bergs crossed the 48th parallel during that week and represented 20 percent of the year's total. Such an alteration in berg disti-ibution is not an exceptioiuil occur- rence. A similar effect of greater magnitude and more abrupt was experienced in May 1959. In l)oth instances the effect of the western branch of the Labra(h)r ( 'urrent emerged dominant. Bergs now began ai-riving at the Newfoundland coast south of latitu(h' 48° X., in numl)ers which belied the sparsei' activity offshore. Throughout the remaiiuh'r of May. l)ergs continued to arrive along the coast and move into the area south of Gape Race and conditions in tiiese waters may be considered above avei'age. The peak for tlie year occurred during the last week in May when 110 bergs were sighted within a 25-mile radius of Gape Boiuivista and many were reported in a westward drift around Gap(> Race and as far as Placentia Bay. The bergs which were caiTJed onto the northern Graiul Banks early in May remained grouiKk'd and achieved no further significant drifts. By the eiul of tlie month, most of these had disintegrated and no new arrivals were sighted or reported in this area. A group of bergs, estinuited at perhaps 15 to 20 of the season's early arrivals, remained unaffected by the first week's redistribution and contiiuied to drift down the eastern slope of the Banks and under the influeiu-e of the Labrador ( 'urrent, were well-poised for a prolonged drift southward. Such was not the case, however, as southwesterly winds, l)y then prevailing over the Grand Banks, exerted suflicient pressure to deviate the majority of these bergs eastward between latitudes 46° N., and 44° X\, into the Atlantic Gurrent. Here the warmer waters and northeastward drift soon ended any threat. The most southerly drift for the month and for the year occurred 18-20 May when three survivors of this group reached the Tail of the Bank and two penetrated just south of latitude 43° N., before melting. At the month's end no bergs were known to exist over the eastern slope of the Banks. Field ice reached its peak foi- the season during tfie first week in May, but represented little advance over conditions which existed during the middle of April. During this week, the coast north of Baccalieu Island was blocked and tlie pack edge reached to within 5 591759—61 2 9 miles of St. Johns. Scattered patches and strings of drift ice were reported as far south as Cape Kace on 6 May but no major sea surface cover existed south of latitude 47°30' N. Ice coiiditioiis existing on 4 May are presented by figure 11. The effect of the late April storm centered in the Belle Isle area is readily apparent. The northern ice is concentrated along the coast and the southern ice fields are detached from their northern source. Warming trentls during the second week in May hastened the deterioration of the southern and eastern limits, especially the latter. However, the coastal current, previousl}^ described as transporting bergs to the Avalon Peninsula maintained a pack-ice threat to eastern Newfound- land ports until the middle of the month. Rapid deterioration followed, however, and aerial observation on 24 May revealed that the southern l)ranch of the sea ice shown on figure 11 had melted entirely. The pack ice in the Belle Isle area, on the other hand, remained ominoush' heavy and within very nearly the same limits as shown by figure 11. At tlie month's end this ice was once again advanchig southward. In tlie Gulf of St. Lawrence all pack ice had disappeared by 3 May except in the extreme northeast arm at the western approaches to the Strait of Belle Isle where heavy polar ice persisted throughout the month. Small icel)ergs continued seaward drifts through Cabot Strait until 14 May, after which no more ice was reported on the maui shipping track into tlie Gulf. The two growlers sighted on 13 May south of the Miquelon Islands wei-e the last survivors of this most unusual iceh(>rg occurrence. During an intense air and surface search of the Labrador Sea on 4-6 May for I he ill-fated Danish Motor Vessel Hanne S. more icebergs were observed in the general area of Ocean Station Bravo than usually is considered normal. This poses the (|uestion that either 1960 is an abnormal year for iceberg occurrence or that more bergs habitually frequent that region than heretofore has been acknowledged. Plot of ic(> conditions for ]\Iay within the Ice Patrol area are shown bv figui'e If). ■ ' JUNE At the begiiniing of June, the juajority of icehergs within the Ice Patrol area were concentrated along the Newfoundland coast. A minor southeastward movement of bergs along the northern slope of the (Ji'and Baidvs occurred early hi June and reached its peak on the 16tli. Conditions on this day are shown 1)V figure 12. Thereafter, through the (Mid of tli(> month, only occasional bergs were reported in this critical region and none were observed south of latitude 47° N. On the Newfoundland coast concentrations remained high during the early part of the month, but few new arrivals resulted in steadily deteriorating numbers present. By 30 June fewer than seven bergs reinained south of latitude 4S° X., over the entire area. 10 Heavy polar pack ice persisting in tlie Belle Isle and northeastern Newfoundland area at the beginning of June made an unseasonal southerly advance and reached a maximum limit about 16 June as shown on figure 12. Westerly wdnds, however, had cleared the Strait of Belle Isle so that only the eastern approaches to the Strait were blocked. By 24 June the pack limits had receded north of latitude 52°30' X., and except for rotting patches of drift ice and many scattered bergs, the Strait was navigable with caution. At the middle of June, a southward movement of icebergs was detected off the Labrador coast between the thousand fathom isobath and the 52d meridian. A similar occurrence developed in 195S and 1959. At the month's end the leaders of this unseasonal movement were approaching the northern slope of the Banks. However, warm- ing sea temperatures were causing a high deterioration rnte and no significant drifts were observed. No unusual berg positions were reported in Jiiiic except perhaps, for the several bergs observed in Placentia Bay during the fii'st two weeks of the month. These were survivors from the high concentrations existing during May in the area south of Cape Race. On 1 June and again on 12-15 June, bergs were visible from tli(> Ice Patrol Head- quarters at Argentia. This year and in 1959, arc the only two years where such an event has been recorded or remembered. During June, 44 bergs drifted south of latitude 48° X. A snmnuiry of ice reports received during the month is plotted on figure 16. JULY The southward berg movement detectetl oif J.,ahrador diu'ing tlie middle of June was maintained throughout July with the majority of reports originating on tlie Belle Isle shipping route (track G) between longitudes 50° W. and 52° W. A few scattered bergs of this group arrived at the northern slope of the Banks and sightings indicate that for the most part, they turned eastward without crossing the 48th parallel. Typical of these were four bej-gs observed on 8 July near 48°30' X., 46°10' W. Several, however, remained under the influence of the Labrador Current and passed between tlie Grand Banks and Flemish Cap. Only one berg reached south of latitude 46° X. This was observed on 3 July in 46°46' X., 46°41' W., on 10 July in 45°24' X., 48°18' W., and was last seen the following day in 44°55' X., 48°52' W. This is the most extrenu' drift obsej'ved during the month and tlie most southerly position a berg had occupied since 18 ^fay. An interesting and unusual berg sighting was received on 10 July when SS Greek Cosmic reported a Ijerg in 52°40' N., 44°42' W. Occasional scattered bergs were reported along the coast of the Avalon Peninsula through the 16th and on the northeast coast during the entire month. It is estimated that four bergs drifted south of latitude 48° X., in Julv. n AUGUST iShips continued to report icebergs in the eastern entrance and approaches to the Strait of Belle Isle as far east as the 50th meridian. Scattered bergs were also sighted during the first half of the month between latitudes 51°30' N., and 51° N., and longitudes 51° W., and 53°30' W. Throughout the month, a number of bergs were dis- tributed along the 1,000-fathoni curve as far south as 48°30' N. Observations indicate that these bergs were deteriorating rapidly and moving off to the eastward without crossing the 48th parallel. SEPTEMBER Ships using track G continued to report bergs in the eastern approaches to the Strait of Belle Isle but in lesser numbers indicating a thinning out. During the month only one berg was reported west of Belle Isle and only one was reported south of the 51st parallel. The former was reported on the 2d in latitude 51°37' N., longitude 56°19' W., and the latter was reported on the 10th in latitude 50°42' N., longitude 55°02' W. Two unusual sightings were reported dui'ing the month. One, ina(k' by the Keystone State on the 13th, involved two growlers in position 51°18' N., 47°52' W., a position more easterly than normally to be expected. The other, reported by the Median Princess, involved a large berg in position 59°30' N., 46°20' W., considerably north and east of tlie area where bei'gs are normally (expected. OCTOBER The number of reported sightings of icebergs diminished con- siderably during the month. The few bergs reported were located 30 to ()0 miles west of the l,000-fath()ni curve and noi'th of the 51st parallel and south of the 53d parallel. NO VEMBER-DECEMBER Two large bergs were I'eported on 9 November at 52°32' N., 53°56' W., and 52°29' N., 54°ir W. A berg and growler were reported on 15 November at 50°43' N., 53°1 1' W. The latter berg was reported again on 22 November as a small berg at 49°36' N., 52°15' W., sur- rounded by several growlers indicating advanced deterioration. No glacial ice was reported in the Newfoundland area during Deceinbei- and no ice (h'ifted south of 48° N., during either month. 12 Figure 8. — Ice conditions on 3 March lUiiO. CLOSE R4CK ICE OPEN RftCK ICE ▲ ICEBERG 0 GROWLER *^mi ICE CONDITIONS 23 MARCH I960 Figure 9. — Ice conditions on 23 March 1960. 13 Figure 10. — Ice conditions on 15 April 1960. ICE CONDI IONS A 4 M A Y 1 960 Figure 11. — Ice conditions on 4 M:iv I'JGO. 14 FiGiRE 12. — Ice conditions on 16 June lOtlO. ICE AND SKA COXDITIOX RKPOP^T BELGIUM Ice Vessel reports SS Lindi [By coin Sea condition- reports 4 7 1 4 1 3 11 25 10 3 11 17 8 2 1 1 4 iti'y] FRANCE T 'essel SS Bo is Rose Ice reports 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 Sea condition reports 1 SS Lnbunibashi CANADA SS Dunkyle 2 SS Eskimo SS Goivrie CGS Labrador 2 SS Lanark 3 SS Flandre SS Forte Caroline SS Fort Richepanse SS Gien SS Lsara SS. Toliette SS Liberte SS Marquette SS Pengall SS Pierre SS Pont Audemer GERMANY SS Alexandra Sartori^^ SS Annika SS Belgrano. 9 1 5 1 3 4 18 28 6 9 24 11 2 SS Nattaivu nga SS Sangregorio SS Wolfe 7 DENMARK SS Olf It Bjarke SS Ohio SS Maine SS Bolivia FINLAND SS Kaarina SS Kristina 2 SS Orion 1 SS Berlin SS Bertha Entz SS Bertolt Brecht SS Bilboa SS Billetal 54 / 2 5 8 SS Peter 4 SS Bremen 2 15 G ERM AXV— Coiitiimi'd Ice \ 'essel reports SS Brietensteine SS Brooklor SS Cana 1 SS Carl Julius 6 SS Carl Fritzen SS Catharina Oldendorjf. SS Charlotte Shroder... 3 SS Christa 6 SS Christian Sartori 2 SS Christian nal'ikuritz. SSCleo-patra 2 SS 67zo SS Concordia 1 SS Erika Schulte 1 SS Elf riede 1 SS Elise Schulte 1 SS Elizabeth Berger SS Francisca Sartori — SS Fritz Thyssen 8 SS George Rvss SS Gertnidv Fritzen 2 SS Gloria SS Hans Honold 1 SS Hanseatic 1 SS Heinrich Honold SS Herta Engelene Fritzen 1 SS Holstein 1 SS Howaldt SS Ingrid Weide 8 SS Innstien _ 5 SS Use Schulte 3 SS Klaus Leonhardt SS Lah nstein SS Leada 3 SS Leanna 1 SS Lea F^aul 3 SS Leuna 1 SS Luenburg SS Magdalena Oldendorff SS Magen burg SS Maria A Ithoff SS Maria Anna Schulte SS Miiric Leonhardt SS AIar.cl>urg__ SS Mieke Legenhausen^ I SS A^aumburg SS Mordsee SS Ludolf Oldenorff 1 SS Ophelia Sea coiidilion reports 1 6 6 1 3 21 2.5 1 28 10 13 21 It) 3 10 23 31 1 I 1 13 21 6 1 10 8 1 1 1 3 1 14 G ERMANY^Continued Ice ^ 'essel reports SS Poseidon 3 SS Regensburg 2 SS Reifenstein 1 SS R he nania 1 SS Roland Russ 2 SS Schwanhein SS Seven Seas 5 SS Silvia 5 SS Tilo Von Wil- mowsky 1 SS Transatlantic 4 SS Transcanada 5 SS Transpacific 1 SS Transquebec SS Virgitiii 2 SS Vuliinnia 1 SS Weissenburg 2 SS Welheim 1 SS West Falia 2 SS Willi Huber 2 GREAT BRITAIN SS Afghan istan 1 SS .4 Iba no 2 SS Alexander T. Wood^ 2 SS Alice Bowater 5 SS Alsatia SS Andriu 2 SS Angela 7 SS Arabia 8 SS .4,s/a 5 SS .4 ssyria 1 SS Athelsultan SS Baskerville SS Bassano 3 SS Beavercove 8 SS Beaverdell 7 SS Beaverford 5 SS Beaver Glen 2 SS Beaverlake 11 SS Birni in gha m City SS Biahopsgate 2 SS British Vision 1 SS Broom park SS Bu rgu n SS Cairnavon 10 SS Ca irn gowa n 5 SS C 'dlginia 3 SS Cape Clear SS Cape Franklin 4 SS Carinthia 14 SS Caron ia Sen condition reports 11 2 9 1 2 17 33 5 1 3 5 20 2 10 1 9 1 9 25 20 8 8 39 29 25 8 28 8 1 1 16 10 25 16 4 36 19 4 18 9 3 1 7 43 3 ,16 5C )• 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 5 1° 5 0° 4 9° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° / .. GENERAL CHART j; /J ICE PATROL AREAS", "^T^^T*" GRAND BANKS ^^^ 0 ~ GROWLERS ^g^^^gjy^ HWH y "' l.^ ./ ■ - / NKWrnrv,,, w ^ i - — .0 ' ^^^^. Lf:^^^* oO , rSS '' n J V /■ ■-'1 V /!l I. ^ ...4/- AT '^^'■•W' ^^^i W -' ; '*■^■ '\\ ' < ^^ <; \ ,-, ■■^-^ ^**-' (/ ! fl.£II150CAF ' ^•^-r '•■> ' /^ , ' ! . " ' (1 ■- ?^ ''.\ 'v *'^ ■-, f' ' C7^ ;i ,'-" r {) GRAND BANKS '.' ' - ' .'Cv' -- ,'')-, - '■■""■'. :' ^^~;. - ■■■' , -■-S'^ - -.- ~ \^ / ; •' s^* _y ,' '•■ ''" , 'J ' ^ V s \_ :/| /"-_.'■' ' ' V _ 1 1 r - v_ — - - ' 42' "|||iiy««, '■>'.,.. 41 « h \ * . ^ 9~i ice: reports M/iRCH l<)60 40*" '■''iy'* ""'"'V,/: '""'iiiiljii liiilimW '^^ 39" 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 13. — Ice conditions March 1960. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 59° 58° Sr 56° 55° 54° 53° a„52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44' 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54^ 53^ 52° 5^ 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 14. — Ice conditions April 1960. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 59° 58° br 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 4 9° 4 8° 4 7° 4 6° 45° 44° 43° 49 r GENERAL CHART CE PATROL AREA ■: GRAND BANKS NEWHHNIll ANIl 8" \^' ^' »■ ^^ ' 49' 4 A'; -V-Xiitf 1 i\Wl%^^^' A' A" 4^ . .. ^' A- r ^ ' — ^^ ::" mSf^' y- % 'C ,:_ f p J5*-Vlr-''-f;«"j^ 7* ^a^'aI - .,A A , nA» 'A kA" Ai 1 A» A /A' ^ A' ' /' '' 1-, 46 7^., '^:; ?^''^! vj", „ j ^' GRAND BANKS ~ *- A" 'i lA ,; A"' V A- ' - - V _ % - - - ' ' ^ ■--. ^/ /■' ;% •A. 4 A 11° - ', ;.,/ ■>:A ' V '■--£' ■ ^ ,«■• <• 1 "f"/ • X,. - ' 10' 1,^% \ f\\° 40° 39° 1. V 8-4 ICi: REPOf?TS MAY 19(0 '10° ■ . ■ ■ ^ x^ IK '""Imha mikmWi >>'*' 39° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 15. — Ice conditions May 1960. Figures indicate day of montli ice was siglited or reported. 59° 58° 57° 56° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° FiotTBE 16. — Ice conditions June 1960. Figures indicate day of niontli ice was siglited or reported. 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47* 46° 45° 44' iS.A' ^'A' 43° aw3n ICE JLLY REPORTS 1950 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46 Figure 17. — Ice conditions July 1960. Figures indicate day of the month ice was sighted or reported. 45° 44° 43° GREAT BRITAIN-Continued Sea Ice condition Vessel reports reports SS Canigan Head 9 12 SS Carronpark 2 1 8S Caslon 3 SS City Blisbane 7 SS City of Edinburgh.^ 4 SS City of Lucknow 4 1 SS Colina 3 20 SS Constance Bowater__ 1 4 SS Consnelo 7 34 SS Cairndhu 5 45 SS Caxton 2 44 SS Crystal Crown 1 6 SS Crystal Diamond 6 17 SS Crystal Sapphire. _ _ 4 21 SS Cydonia 1 1 SS Cyrus Field 30 33 SS Dalhanna 5 13 SS Dartwood 1 2 SS Deerpool 2 10 SS Dundee 4 SS Edenmore 6 SS Elizabeth Bowater.. 1 9 SS Empress of Brit a in _ _ 18 50 SS Empress of England^ 14 48 SS Empress of France-^ 21 82 SS Essex Trader (i SS Esso Nassaui 5 SS Fairiry Three 1 1 SS Fanad Head 48 SS Fort Avalon 3 18 SS Granivood 1 SS Guernsey 12 71 SS Bamburgh Castle .. ^ 1 8 SS Hartismere 1 SS Hinea 4 11 SS Hosanger 2 )(> SS I noshoiven 7 7 SS Inver 2 11 SS Iron Age 7 50 SS Iron Barque 2 2 SS Irvingdale 1 2 SS Ivernia 10 (31 SS Kildale 3 2 SS King Arthur 0 SS King Charles 6 11 SS Lady Penison Pender 2 SS Lakonia 7 7 SS La Lama 1 SS La Marea 2 2 SS Lairrentia 17 8 SS Lisnioria 12 47 GREAT BRITAIN— Continued Sea Ice condition Vessel reports reports SS Liverpool Packet 2 2 SS London Spirit 10 SS Mahseer 5 SS Manaar 2 SS Manchester Venture. 5 8 SS Manchester City 2 13 SS Manchester Explorer 3 SS Manchester Faith... 2 2 SS Manchester Fame 1 2 SS Alanchester Mariner 3 15 SS Manchester Merchant 20 SS Ma7ichester Miller.. 6 19 SS Manchester Pioneer. 1 2 SS Manchester Progress 13 SS Manchester Prospector 1 1 SS Manchester Regiment 4 SS Manchester Shipper. 5 SS Manchester Spinner. 2 20 SS Manchester Trader.. 5 SS Manchester Vanguard 5 16 SS Maple Hill 1 13 SS Marengo 2 37 SS Marie Louise Mackay 4 SS Ma rwick Head 1 SS .1/a/ra 5 SS Ma u reta nia 28 SS Media 2 59 SS Newfoundland 17 68 SS Nova Scotia 17 54 SS Oretnina 1 9 SS Parthia 12 71 SS Pine more 3 15 SS Pipiriki 2 SS Queen Elizabeth 39 SS Queen Mary 42 SS Raniore Head 1 35 SS Red Car 4 8 SS Rialto 4 59 SS Rondo 2 SS Roonagh Head 3 3 SS Roscommon 6 15 SS Ruysdael . _ 3 7 SS Sagamore 3 9 SS Santona 9 9 17 GREAT BRITAIN— Continued Ice Vessel reports 8S Snxonia li) SS Scottish Lion SS Sept. lies 3 SS Sheaf Field 9 SS Sheaf Wear 1 SS Silvercrag 2 SS Silver Sand 2 SS Sneaton 2 SS Southern Prince 3 SS St. Helena SS Suffolk SS Sungate 1 SS Susan Constant SS Sylvania 10 SS Taranaki SS Thackeray SS Toronto City 1 SS Trcuior/'dh 2 SS Trinculo 1 SS Torr Head H.M.S. Trouhridge SS Ulster SS Venassa SS Verrharinain SS Port Vindcr 3 SS Vitrinu 1 SS We ndover 11 SS Woodford SS Zinnou 2 OKKECK SS A uthippiiiiirhdlos 1 SS .4 rgo Dclos _ 1 SS - 1 rkadia 13 SS Elenik SS Lacon ia SS North Dutchess SS Viris ISRAEL SS Ditgan SS Shoniron SS Tappuz IRELAND SS Irish Elm SS Irish Fir 4 SS Irish Oak 3 SS Irish Pine 5 SS Irish Poplar 1 SS Iri.'ih Hose SS Irish Willow 1 Sea condition reports 31 1 5 9 54 14 2 7') 7 <» (i 3 12 13 9 10 3 1 3 27 () 1 4 29 8 15 3 1 3 ITALY Ice 1 'essel reports SS Augustus SS .4 urelia SS Capo Noli SS Carlo Marti nolich^.. SS Cristoforo Cototntto.- SS Elettra Fassio SS Genepesca 2 SS Irpinia SS Marco Marti noli _ _ _ SS Megara SS Napoli SS Per.^eo 1 SS Port of Marghera SS Satiiruid _- SS Sun Palermo SS Vu lea nia . ICELAND SS .f^kulf ell 1 SS Lagarfoss SS Trollafoss JAPAN SS Musa.'ihi.saii Maru_^ LIBERIA SS Andros Thrill SS -4. .V. Knup ___ SS Arvhiuicdc 1 SS Bulk Oceanic SS Calli SS li. .4. Canada SS Classic 1 SS Coutinciitdl Carrier. SS Continental Trader_. 1 SS Curuiralt SS Fugue SS Galieia SS Ion ian Traveler SS Kavodoro SS Korthi __ SS National Progress SS Olijiupid SS Point Lucre SS Sapho 1 SS Sideris 1 SS Sunflower SS Trausdrdtir _ SS World Chdllcnger... SS World Sidfarer SS Zcrmall - - . Sea condition reports 41 12 5 1 1 27 2 7 5 1 1 23 1 36 10 1 26 6 16 7 2 ) 1 2 25 3 1 3 1 7 1 1 31 2 2 1 1 3 5 1 18 NETHERLANDS Sea Ice CO 11(1 i I ion Vessel reports reports SS Aalsdijk 1 SS .4 Zca 4 SS Arendsdky 17 SS .4 s m idiske 6 SS Asterope 8 SS Friesland 1 1 SS Geertje Buisman 1 7 SS Kerkedyk 7 SS Koreyidyk 1 11 SS Massdam 55 SS Nieiiw Amsterdam^ ^ 4;i SS Nieuw Holland 1 1 SS Noordam 82 SS Prins-Casmir 1 1 SS F rinses Irene 1 1 SS Prins Johan Willein Friso 1 1 SS Prins Willcni 4 4 SS Prins W. Van Oranje 1 1 SS Provenierss Lngle 1 20 SS Rotterdam 28 SS Ryndan 4 75 SS Slamat 5 SS Sommelsdyk 1 15 SS Statendam 33 SS Utrecht 8 13 SS Vipipara 9 SS Westerdam 8 NORWAY SS Arnfinn Stange 8 SS Bale Comeau 1 SS Bergensfjord 2 10 SS Bergesen 14 SS Black Hawk 43 SS Black Heron 2 SS Black Swan 27 SS Borealis 5 SS Bulk Enterprise 21 SS Capto 1 1 SS Carrier 12 SS Etnef jell 7 SS Evita 5 40 SS Foldenfjord 7 13 SS Gerniont 1 2 SS Granville 17 SS Grindef jell 1 2 SS Hamina 1 26 SS Hermion 1 2 SS Hindanger 1 NORWAY— Continued Ice c Vessel reports SS Hoegh Skean 1 SS Hoegh Trader SS Horda SS Iselin 5 SS Mahella SS Makef jell 1 SS Milross SS Mosnes 1 SS Myken 1 SS Nepos SS .Vom 2 SS Nordgard SS Nordland 2 SS North Star 1 SS Oslofjord 8 SS Ranenfjord ^ 2 SS Ravnanger SS Rogn SS Rutenfjell SS Star Fighter 1 SS Stavanger Fjord 6 SS Tabriww 1 SS Tank Monarch SS Thalatta SS Thorshov SS Troja SS Tronstad 1 SS Topdalsfjord 5 SS T "estan 1 SS I7.s7« Fjord P ANA IMA SS ^[rkansas SS Esse Cristobal 1 SSEssoCuba SS Homeric 3 SS Italia 3 SS Labrador SS Pioneer SS Silvaplana SS Texaco Iowa POLAND SS Bator y 8 SS General Bem SS Tristan PORTUGAL SS Gileannes 6 SS Pedro De Barcelos^. 1 SS Rio Alj'usqueiro 1 Sea oiiiiition reports 9 2 26 24 1 4 26 4 2 9 1 38 51 9 1 5 57 11 8 10 3 12 2 7 9 9 6 45 11 13 5 10 5 60 40 1 19 bPAIN Vessel SS Monte Naranco SS Tornado Sea Ice eondition reports reports SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SWEDEN Abrisko ^4 rvidsja iir Avafors Avasaksa Bonghobn Brahehohn Brosea CarhhoJm Caroline Smith Cora Dakota Danahohn Erholni Faunus Gri psJioJiii Ilispitiiidla Hjordia Th orden I ndiana Isolde __, Ktingshohn Lahobn Louisa. Gorihon Maltseholm Nebraska Nigella N orden Ragneborg Saggat Sea Friend Skoghobn Sparreholm Suorva Traviata Tunaholm Udder holm Vasara 1 'assi janre Vibyholm Vingaren Vigro Vistasvagge Vilajors SWITZERLAND SS l{egina_ V^NION OF SOUTH AFRICA SS President Brand SS South African Trader 1 45 55 25 7 0 12 10 1 IS 22 31) IS 62 28 1 1 4 4 44 3 11 S '.) 1 21 14 26 24 21 12 11 31 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Sea Ice condition Vessel reports reports SS Ameriea 80 SS American Builder 1 SS American Chief 62 SS American Clipper 1 SS American Farmer 1 SS American Flyer 14 SS Ameriran Forwarder 8 SS A)it(riran Gunner 16 SS Anicrieaii Leader 13 SS A)nerican Packer 2 49 SS American Press 3 SS American Scientists ^ 17 SS American Scovt 24 SS American Shipper^. 55 SS American Trapper.. 4 SS ^4»/r/'/Vr/// Traveler.. 4 SS American Veteran. . 2 SS Anne Ouinn i> SS Brasil 14 SS Chain 8 SS Coeur d'Aelene T ^ictory 14 SS Exanlhia 1 SS Excu.li bur 9 SS Exceller 5 SS Ex mouth 5 SS Extavia 26 SS Flying Independent. 1 SS Hoosier Slate 3 61 SS Keystone State 2 2 SS Mormacelm 25 SS Mormacoak 1 17 SS Morniacpeen 17 SS Morinacsaga 1 8 SS j\ lor) nac star 2 SS M or mac wave 6 SS Ocean Evelyn 1 1 SS Penn. Challenger... 1 1 SS Pioneer Cove 27 SS Southland 4 SS Un I ted States 29 SS Wild Ranger 4 SS Wolrerine State 38 U.S. GOVERNMENT VESSELS VSCGC Bibb 5 23 IJSCGC Campbell 2 27 VSCGC Castle Rock... 8 USCGC Chincofeague.. 21 VSCGC Cook Inlet 1 15 USCGC Coos Bay 7 IS 20 U.S. GOVERXMEXT VESSELS-Con. Sea Ice condition Vessel reports reports IJSCGC Duane 3 34 USCGC Eagle 1 10 VSCGC Escanaba 11 US CG C Halfm oon 2 1 USCGC Humboldt 6 21 USCGC Ingham 37 IJSCGC Mackinac 36 60 USCGC McCulloch 10 31 USCGC Rockaway 2 23 USCGC Spencer 23 USCGC Wesiwind 8 19 USS Cache 1 4 USS Edisio 8 11 \J8S Ingram 1 33 VSS Kretchmer 2 2 USS Northampton 10 USS Taunts 29 USS Upshur 15 VS:^& Blue Jacket 17 USNS Corned 49 USNS £:/tonm___ 1 4 USNS Gei^er 37 USNS Gen. Blaichford. 9 US^S Gen. Buckner..^ 64 U.S. GOVERXMEXT VESSELS-Con. Sea Ice condition Vessel reports reports USNS Gen. Leroy Eltinge 3 USNS Gen. Patch 43 USNS Gen. Randal 21 USNS Gen. T^ose 98 USNS A'e% 1 USNS Lt. James Robinson 1 3 USNS MirM 2 31 USNS Point Barrow..- 9 14 USNS Sgt. Morris Grain 1 14 USNS TT7//7:«h; 0. Darby 84 UXIOX OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS SS Aksatua 1 SS ^ilmetjevsk 8 SS Farm ano 2 2 SS Lomonossov 29 SS Samhor 1 YUGOSLAVIA SS Zenica 1 2 ICEBERG DEMOLITION EXPERIMENTS, 1960 The 1960 iceberg' (lemolitioii ex])eriiiients were eoiulucted in three pliases. The first phase consisted of (h-opping twenty, 1,000-pound, high-explosive boinl)s from a UF2Ci aircraft on one iceberg. The second phase was the phmting of thermite, an incencharv type ex- plosive, on two icebergs and the third phase was tiie (Uisting of one iceberg with carbon black. In all cases, the experiments were con- ducted in order to test various means for the destruction of icebergs. Although some damage to the l)ergs resulted, it must be admitted that all of the means tried were unsuccessful in destroying the ice])ergs. The aerial bombing experiments were a direct continuation of the bombing program of 1959 with the exception that high explosive bombs were substituted for thei-nhte l)ond)s. The United States De- partment of the Navy made available ten, 1,000-pound general-pur- pose bombs and ten, 1,000-pound, semi-armor-piercing bombs for the experiment. The Coast Guard assigned a UF2G (Gruman Albatross) amphibian aircraft from the U.S. Coast Guard Air Station, Brooklyn, N.Y., with Lieut. C. E. Mueller, USCG, as plane commander and Ens. J. M. Tanguay, USCG, as copilot, from the U.S. Coast Guard Air Station, Salem, Mass., to perform the bombing experiments. The aircraft reported to the Commander, International Ice Patrol, on 17 21 May 1960. Prior to the commeiicemoiit of the experinicnts, modified bomb release racks were installed on tlie aircraft's wings and the bomb- sight as developed by Lieut. (jg) T. F. Bndinger, USCG, during the 1959 season, was again placed in use. Prior to the commencement of the tests, liaison was established with the Canadian Government through the United States C^onsul General at St. Jolui's, Newfoundland, and the Canadian Naval Com- mander, Newfoundland area. The cooperation and enthusiasm re- ceived for the program was most gratifying. On 17 May a notice to mariners was sent advising that aircraft iceberg bond^ing would take ])lac(' from 19 May to 7 June during daylight liours and good weather only. Initial plans called for 10 effective l)ond)ing flights with 2 bombing rims per fhght. Unfortunately, poor weather conditions prevailed be- tween 19-22 Alay and consequently the first bond)ing flight was made on 23 May on a berg located in position 49°40' N., 52°40' W. The iceberg remained in the operating area during the entire period. The last run was on 30 May. During the test period, twenty, l,000-i)ound bond)s were dropped on the single icebei'g. A total of 18 hits were made of which 3 were uiuh'i-water bui'sts and 3 failed to detonate. Figure ISa is a pictiu'c of tlie iceberg used for the bombing experi- ments. It was 220 feet high at maximum height above the water and 475 feet across its bi-oa(h»st face. Figure 18b shows a direct hit on the inside valley of the berg. As a result of the explosion, a spray of ice fragments rose to over 500 feet. The results caii be seen in figure 19a which was taken 2 minutes aftei- the initial exj)losion. Figure 19b shows the iceberg on the moi'ning of 24 May after the efi'ects of the first and second bond:) drops. It is noted that the lierg has tilted antl revealed a pi'cviously submerged sheh'. The shelf again submerged as showni in hgure 20a aftei- a. hit was made in the center of the cavity. FicuRE 18a. — Aspect of iceberg at outset of bombing tests. 22 Figure 18b.— Direct hit of 1,000-lb. G.P. bomb. Figure 20b shows the resuh of a bomb hit on 29 May high up on the side of the berg. Such high hits caused httle damage. Again the shelf has risen out of the water. Tlie berg did not materialy change in size or attitude after this Int. Tlie hist bomb was dropped on 30 May. At the conclusion of the tests, the iceberg was estimated to be ])e- tween one-fourth to one-third smaller than at the outset of the tests. The observed disintegration is attributed to both natural deterioration and the effect of the bombing. Although the proportion for which either factor was responsible cannot be definitely established, it is be- lieved that the bombing was the predominant factor. It should be noted, however, that natural forces had destroyed the iceberg by 20 June. The second phase of iceberg destruction study was an attempt to repeat the experiments of the late Prof. H. T. Barnes of McGill University wlio experimented in iceberg demolition by the use of thermite. Professor Barnes reported great success in the virtual 23 Figure 19a. — Two minutes after first l)uiulj hit. Figure 191j. — Aspect of berg after tilting showing submerged shelf. 24 Figure 20a. — After another hit in the cavity berg retilted so that shelf again submerged. Figure 20b. — Final aspect of the berg after a hit high up on the side. Shelf again out of water. 591759—61- 25 destruction of bergs in the Xotre Dame Bay area of Xewfoundland during tiie niid-1920's. His method had not been previously attempt- ed by Ice Patrol as it reciuired the boarchng of an iceberg, a very (lang(n'ous operation in the ice patrol area, in 1959/ a project was undertaken using tiiei'mite incendiary bombs dropped from an aircraft. Although the airih'ops were successful insofar as the feasibility of aii- craft operations and the nund:)er of hits scored, the designed spread of the incendiary clusters prevented a concentration for the ])oint source of iieat I'ccpiired in the tiieoi-y of the "iheriiial shock" fracturing of icebergs. For the 1900 project, forty, 28-pound, THl, MlA2 charges of tliermite were obtained for planting in the icebergs. It was felt that before any further bombing experiments could be attempted, the work of Professor Barnes had to be reevaluated. To this end, an ice drill, exposure suits, cram])-ons and ice axes were also procured. The plan was to board one or more iceljergs and plant in succession, 7, 13, and 20 charges for the o (U'tonations on a berg outside Canadian territorial waters. However, the wholehearted approval and cooperation of the Canadian authorities, including the personal approval of Premier J. R. Smallwood of Xewfoundland nuide possible the choosing of a berg in one of the sheltered bays in Newfoundland. Thus two ice- bergs, located in Bonavista Bay were selected for the experiment. On 8 June, a I'.S. Xaval Station, Argentia, Newfoundland, HUS helicopter with 1^1. John Steinbacher, USCG,as pilot, rendezvoused with Ice Patrol's oceanograjjliic vessel, the USCGC Even/reen in Bonavista Bay. Lt . ( 'omdr. R. P. Dinsmore, the project officer, and his assistants set up a beach camp near Swale's Inlet which was just a short distance from a snudl tabular iceberg. Immediate steps were taken to set oflf the first detonation of 196 pounds of thermite. The boarding party, consisting of at least tlu'ee persons at all times, proceeded to the berg in a rubber raft. Figure 21a shows the first mendDcr of the party boarding the berg. You will note that a protruding ice shelf has calved just behind tlie boarder. This is a vivid illustration of the dangers involved in going aboard an iceberg. After the party got aboard, tlu'ee holes were juade for the charges with a gasoline powered drill. It required about 45 minutes to drill eacli hole and all drilling was accompanied by loud cracking noises within the ice. Fn order to detonate the charges it became necessary to run a detonation cable to the Erer(jre(ni' ^ 115-volt ship's service suppl}" inasnuich as a hand ]>lasting machine failed to ignite them. Figure 21b shows the first explosion. This type of reaction is peculiar to a detoiuition of thermite in ice. The production of molten iron at a teni|)(Matui-e of over 4,000° F. pi'oduces steam and gasses so rapidly that a shower of molten iron is scattered ovei' a radius of 100 yards. ' Iccbcrs Dt'iiiolition Kx|)criincnls, 19.59, Cciast Guard Bulletin No. 4,'), sca.soii oT 19.59. 26 » Figure 21a. — A protruding ice sliclf i;ilv. .1 iliiring initial boarding. h ' Figure 21b. — First thermite explosion. 27 Tliis effect was exactly as described in Professor Barnes' report. However, aside from a few small growlers calved around the waterline and a small crater, there appeared to be little other effect. Fioure 22a shows the boarding party landing on the second iceberg for the planting of the second and third set of charges. The size of the berg can be seen relative to the men standing on the left shelf. The second detonation took place on this shelf and the results were similar to the first detonation. Figure 22b is the final burst which consisted of 560 pounds of thermite planted at the ])ase of tlie large pinnacle. Again a mag- nificent display took place as smoke and molten iron was hurled hundreds of feet into the aii'. but the berg remained virtually un- changed. This concluded tlie thermite tests. AVhik^ (he results were disappointing, tliey clearly sliow tliat this type of detonation will not necessarily cause the resuhant disintegra- tion that was described by Professor Barnes. The third and last phase of the demolition experiments were con- ducted in two parts. The first part consisted of filling practice bombs with carbon black and various other substances. The Ice Patrol is indebted to the United Carbon Co. of New York for their kind dona- tion of 150 pounds of KOSMOS-60 brand carbon black. The other substances included sand, ground clay, metal filings, water and oil in various mixtures. The bombs were dropped from a special chute ori a R5D (Douglas DC-4) patrol airci'aCl. Although some difficulty -, ""S^ '"■?•? ' -^^tSaiiWi'i^^ I " ' Figure 22a. — Party boards large berg. 28 Figure 2213. — 500-11). ihciiiiite fxplosion at base of pinnacle. in hitting' the icebergs tisiiig these ci'ude an'angeineiits was exjK'ii- eiieed, sufficient liits were made to evaluate the effectiveness of this means of application of carlion black. The l)ombs dropped would botince off the ice and rupture in the aii'. f)ry mixtures were widely dispei'sed withotit achi(>ving an adequate concentration. Licpiid mix- tures formed ineff'ecttuil puddles without achieving an adequate dispersal. The second part of the progi-am was accomplished in conjurictioti with the thermite demolition experiments on 10 June. The small tabular berg which had been the subject of the first detonation on 8 June was boarded and 25 ])Ounds of carbon black was manually sjjrcnid by fiber brooms. Three persoriS achieved an effective covering of about 6,500 sqtiare feet on one-half of the berg within :W minutes. The sea was calm with a light breeze l:)lowing, the sky was clear, and the time of application was about f530 local apparent time. The elevation of the stm was ap])roxinuitely 45° regressing. Five hours after the application of the carbon black, the berg was obsei'ved to undergo a major calving and breakup. On close inspection the follow- ing morning, the berg was found to be less than a third of its previotis size (see figs. 23a and 23b). 'NMiile the spectacidar afternuith of this test could well be coincident with the inevitable breakup of the berg, the possibility that the carbon black could have been contribtitory is speculative and interesting. Future tests aimed at an op(M-ationally feasible scheme are under sttidv. 29 FiciURE 2;^a. — Sprt'iidiag carbon-black on small tabular icebcrj FiGUUE 215b. — Berg reduced to half its size. 30 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GRAND BANKS REGION AND THE LABRADOR SEA IN I960' by Floyd M. Soule, Peter A. Morrill, and Alfred P. Franceschetti (U.S. Coast Guard) The U.S.C.G.C. Evergreen again served as the oceaiiot>ra])liie ves- sel of the International Ice Patrol for 1960. No marked aUerations affecting the oceanographic work were made in the vessel since the 1959 season. The Evergreen departed Argent ia, Newfoundland, on 1 Api'il to conduct the fh'st survey of the 1960 season. In addition to covering the southern and eastern slopes of the Grand Banks, this survey ex- tended south to latitude 37°30' N., in order to take stations in con- junction with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's research vessels, Chain, Atlantis, and frairford on tlie Gulf Stream Survey, 1960, under the direction of Mr. F. ('. Fuglister. A total of 68 sta- tions were taken during the first survey of which the first 31 were a part of Gulf Stream, 1960. Although original plans called for a two cast station to the bottom, it was found that the winch would over- heat if more than 4,000 meters of wire were let out and consequently 4,000 meters was set as the maximum station depth. The survey pro- ceeded without nuijor iiiteirui)tion and was completed at station 7351 on 17 April and the Evergreen returned to Argentia. The second survey was mad<' in two phases. The first phase con- sisted of 70 stations taken in a counterclockwise direction on tlie east- ern and northeastern slopes of tlie Grand Banks. Altiiough lieavy weathci- caused minor (U'lays, the first pliase was com])let(Ml on 0 May at station 7421. Due to an erratic functioning loraii I'cceivei', the Evergreen returned to Argentia for repairs. After a 1-day stay. Ever- green departed on the second phase of tlie survey which was to make a quantitative evaluation of the wind eft'ect on iceberg movement. Three days were lost in trying to locate an iceberg that was both free from tield ice and not aground. On the late evening of 16 May, a drydock type iceberg, 85 feet high and 405 feet long was located in the Lahfador Gurrent. Although heavy fog persisted for 95 percent of the observa- tion period and the winds wttc light, the preliminary evaluation is be- lieved to be a success. In all, eight parachute drogues were launched during the 4 days of observations. The third oceanographic survey consisted solely of an ()ccui)ation of the Bonavista triangle. The survey commenced at the northern corner of the triangle on 3 June and proceeded in a counterclockwise direction without interruption. At station 7451 on 6 June, the survey was com- ' To be reprinted as Contribution No. 1160 in tlie Collected Reprints of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 31 pleated and Erergreeti procee(l(Ml into Boiiavista Bay to conduct iceberg tleniolition tests wliich liave been described in tlie ])receding section of this bulletin. After conii)l(^ting' the (hMnolition tests, the Evergreen returned to Argentia on 18 Jun(> and (h'parted from tliere on 17 June to conduct the fourtli oceanographic survey which covered the waters over and immediately seaward of tlie soutliern and eastern slopes of the Grand Banks from just westward of the Tail of the Banks to the latitude of Flemish Cap. This survey included 86 stations taken between 18 June and 1 July with the work of collection of data beginning at the southwestern end of the area and progressing northward. Between stations 7467 and 7468, 36 liours were lost when the loran receiver Iransformei' l)urned out and a spare one liad to be flown down from xVrgentia. The survey resumed after a successful airdrop was made. At station 75.')7, the fourth survey was completed and Evergreen pi'o- ceeded to St. Johns, Newdonndland, \ov a brief periow(>ll, Greenland. The 30 stations of tlie Bona- \nsta triangle were occu|)ie(l between 6 and 8 July after which tlie Evergreen proceeded to within 5 miles of South Wolf Island to com- mence the Labrador Sea section, where on 10 July, tlu: work of collec- tion of data was resumed. The survey proceeded without interruption mitil shortly after the taking of station 7588, located on the Greenland continental slope, heavy concentrations of storis were encountered. At station 7588, Evergreen was ap|)roxima(ely 'MS miles off Cape Fare- well. Evergreen tlien proceeded skiwl\' tlu'ougli various l(>ads in the ice until at 17 miles from (^ape Farewell anano- graphic data collection. The ocean()gi-a])liic work was under the supervision of Lt. P. A. Morrill who was assisted by Lt. (jg.) T. F. Budinger for the first, second, and third surveys, and by Oceanographer AflVed P. France- sclietti for th(> fourth and postseason surveys. Othei' assistants in the observational work included R. (\ Xorris, aerograi)her's mate first class; F. .\. Bi'own, yeoman first class; D. P. Wagnei-, aerographer's mat(> second class; W. (\ ( \-ir[)('nt cr, yeoman second class, and L. E. Dawson, aei-ographer's mate third class. Temperature and salinity observations were made at each of the 325 stations. At the 21 sta- tions forming tlu; section across the Lahi'ador Sea, the ohservations 32 extended from the surface to as near tlie ])ottom as was practicable. The 31 stations that comprised a part of the Gulf Stream, 1960, survey were similarly taken except that a maximum depth of 4,000 meters was imposed. At the remaining- stations, observations were limited to the upper 1,500 meters. The intended depths of observations were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1,000 and thence by 500-meter intervals except for the Gidf Stream, 1960, stations which, below the 1,000-meter leve', were 1,250, 1,500, 1,750, 2,000, 2,250, 2,500, 3,000, 3,500 and 4,000 meters. Temperatures were measured with protected deep sea reversing thermometers. Most of the ther- miometers used were of Richter and Wiese manufacture, with a scattering of Negretti and Zambra, Kahl vScientific Instrument G!orp. and G. M. Manufacturing C^o., instruments. Depths of observation were based on unprotected reversing thermometers made by Richter and Wiese and bv Kahl. As in the past, a program of intercomparison of the protected thermometers was carried out in the field to permit a close control to be kept on the functioning of individual thermometers. The thermometers were used in pairs and one of each pair was shifted periodically so that any one thermometer was eventually jjaired with several other thermometers. Mean differences between the corrected readings of pairs of thermometers were adjusted to zero by the applica- tion of consistent corrections. In all, 2,150 comparisons were made. Of these, 683 involved thermometers having a range of —2° to +20° or more and had a standard deviation (difference between the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers) of ±0.013°. For the ranges of -f3 to +13 (311 comparisons) and —2° to +8° (1,156 comparisons), where the scale is more open, the standard deviations were +0.007° and ±0.008° respectively. Inasmuch as most of the observed temperatures listed in the Table of Oceanographic Data are based on the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers and since many of the thermometers used had recent laboratory comparisons with thermom- eters tested by the National Bureau of Standards, it is considered that the tabulated observed temperatures have an accuracy of 0.01° (\ As in past years, the routine salinity measin-ements were made with a Wenner salinity bridge with a precision of ±0.005°/oo- This year the observed salinities listed in the Table of Oceanographic Data are con- sidered to have an accuracy equal to this precision. As mentioned in Bulletins Nos. 44 and 45 of this series, efforts to arrive at a better standardization of salinities have been in progress for some time. During the 1959 ice season, 11 large samples (ca. 12 gallons each) of actual surface sea water, distributed over the salinity range from 31 to 36.4°/oo, were collected from the Ice Patrol operating area and stored in polyethylene drimis. In February 1960, these samples were di- vided, some portions of each being transferred to polyethylene and glass containers for further storage, and other portions being measured after a few days storage in glass bottles. The measurements consisted 33 of precise deteriniiiations of chloriiiity b}- the Volliaiclt method, with checks against silver of high purity; and of electrical impedance by means of the Coast Guard's Wenner salinity bridge. The procedures followed and the results obtained in the precise chlorinity determina- tions are given in appendix 1. Other details regarding location of origin and date of collection of the large samples are given in appendix 2. Three measurements of each sample were mach' on the Coast Guard bridge during each of two I'uns on 25 and 26 February 1960. The samples w^ere also measui-ed on the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's bridges No. 1 and Xo. 2 on 16 March 1960. Schleicher and Bradsliaw of WHOI considered, from an examination of Thomas, Thompson, and lUterback's work on the electrical conductivity of sea water, ^ that the relationship between conductivity and sahnity of sea water could be expressed b}' a second degree relationship over the salinity range from 30 to 40°/oo- Then* took actual high salinity Atlantic water (ca. 36°/oo) and concentrated it to about 40%o by slow evaporation. From tliis they prepared liv(» samples, distributed in salinity from 30 to 40°/oo, by dilution witli conductivity water. Fi'oni tlie second degree relationshi]) and measurements of tlie ratios of the salinities of tlie prepared samples they determined the shape of theu- calibration curve and fixed it laterally by the measurement of Copenhagen water. The Coast Guard has always used an assunu'd linear relationship between conductivity and salinity over a lesser range of about 31 to 36}^°/oo but has avoided the assumption that Copenhagen water has tlie same chlorinity-conductivity relationship as actual newly col- lected sea water. The February 1960 measurements present an op- ])oit unity of examining the magnitude of the errors involved in assum- ing a linear relationship between conductivity and salinity of sea water over this range, of determining the corrections to salinities pub- lished in the Ice Patrol bulletins for the postwar years, and the varia- tions between the chlorinity-conductivity relationsliip of sea water and of several batches of C^openhagen water. In assuming a linear I'elationship between conchictivity and salin- ity, the calibration curve of the Coast Guard's bridge lias the form S=-^ C where m is the reading of the variable impedance in the B-\-m X-dial arm of the bridge at balance corresi)on(ling to a salinity S; and A, B, and Care constants which depend in part on the arl)itraiy selection of one ])oint on the curve. In the ]9r)7 calibration curve this point was an X-dial reading of 49.91 1 corresponding to *S'=35°/oo and the numerical exj^ression was ■ Thomas, liertram D., Thomas G. Thompson, and Clinton L. Ilttorback, The ek-cfrical conductivity of sea water. Jour. Conseil, v. 9, pp. 28-35, 1934. 34 S-- 9817.725 200.2 + m 4.2534 (1) The best fit of the February 19(30 measurements to tliis curve was obtained by using a standardization correction of 0.054 in X-dial reading so that a reading of 49.857 corresponded to a saHnity of 35°/oo. After the addition of 0.143 to the values of m (bringing the selected point to »S'=35°/oo corresponding to w = 50.000) a preliminary evalua- tion was made of the constants for a calibration curve assuming a second degree relationship between conductivity and salinity. In the relationship assumed, C= Cri5(K-\- LS-\- MS'^) where C is the conduc- tivity at any salinity S and C^r^ is the conductivity at a salinity of 35°/oo and K, L, and M are constants. This calibration curve has the form: S-- -L±^ D-4MI K {m'+By im+B)_ 2M where K, L, M, and m are as above and m/ is the value of the X-dial reading corresponding to a salinity of 35°/oo and B is a constant depending on the impedances of the bi-idge not associated with the electrolyte under measurement.^ Where z/^, nu, ma and nii are the X-dial readings at balance corresponding to salinities 5*1, 8-2, Ss and Si respectively, B may be evaluated by sohition of the following quadratic: B- + S,Ss{Ss-S,){nu-m.2) + /i + SiSz (S3 — Si ) im.i— m ,, ) m 1 m 3 + SiSi {Si - Si ) (mo- //;,3 ) m , m 4 + SoSs {S:i — S2) (tn 1 — trii) m2/W3 + S.Si {Si - So ) {tn 3 -mi) m.mi _ + S-iSi (S4- S3) (m I - mo) m,mu SjSo(So-Si) (m3-m4) (mi + m.o)" + S1S3 (S3 — Si ) (m4 — /no) (m, 1 + m.3) + SiS4(S4-S,) (mo-m3) {mi + nii) + SoS3(S3-S,) (mi-m4) {171. + m,) + S2S4(S4-So)(m3-mi)(mo + W4) L + S3S4(S4-S3)(mi-m,)(m3 + W4). 0 3 Considering that the adjacent arms of the bridge containing the X- and Y-cells have some small amount of impedance not associated with the electrolytes contained in the cells and that the other two arms of the bridge are each made up of a fixed impedance and a variable impedance, let r be the impedance not associ- ated with the electrolyte in the X-cel! arm, let R be the fixed impedance in the X-dial arm, let E2 be the total impedance of the Y-dial arm and let i?4 be the total impedance of the Y-cell arm. Then B= R—r~ 35 The constants M, K, and L may then be successively evahiated using the expressions: (m' + B) r Srimr + B)-Ss{ms+B) S,(m^+B)-S2(m,-^B) ] (S,~S,)(m,+B){?n, + B)_ (m' + B) r Sr S, 1 Si \_{mi-i-B) J Practical consideration of the fact that values of S are known only to 1 part in oo.OOO and values of m are known only to about 1 part in 50,000, these uncertainties combined with the presence of small (lift'erences between large numbers in the solution of the quadratics mean that any evaluation of B by tliis method may result in errors of an order of magnitude or more. In the derivation of the formula for the calibration curve based on a linear relationship between conductivity and salinity, it is assumed that C=C'(K-^LS) and the calibration ciu've becomes: m-\-B L where S, B, m' and m liave the same significance as before. B may be evaluated from tlie expression: {7n,-m,){Si-S^)-ims-7n,){Si-S,) J. and /v may then be evaluated successivel\ from the expressions: (m' -{- B) (mo— mi) L= {Sr-S.2){mi + B){m,i-B) m-^B As will he shown later, 2 of the 11 drums seem to have atypical condiictivity-chloriiiity rclationshijis. Excluding these 2, the remain- ing 9 pi-ovide 84 cond)inati()ns for the evaluation of B above. These were evaluated and a weighted nu'an (sum of the numerators divided hy the sum of the dcnonnnators) B (h^rived as 195.77;^. Tlie 'M] cond)inations for the cvnhialion of /. were weighted as before to 36 derive L as 0.025 860 0. Each of the nine values of /v were computed and tiieir average taken as 0.094 6G1 74. Whence S-- 9503.982 924 ■ m+ 195.773" ■3.661 (2) Bearing- in niiiid the stan(hir(Hzation (Ufference necessary in the use of cahhration curves (1) and (2), the following is a suminarv of the coniptirison of tlie results of the precise chlorinity determinations and the salinities derived from the use of cahhration curves (1) and (2) on the Coast Guard hridge and the salinities as measured hy the WHOI hridges Xo. 1 and Xo. 2. CGOU WHOI Xo. 1 AVIIOI Xo. 2 Drum Xo. S by CI S(l) Corr S(2) Corr s Corr s Corr - 31.080 31.636 31. 979 34.468 33.036 33. 533 34.011 34. 480 ■ 35. 030 35. 540 36. 426 31.084 31.633 31.980 32. 480 33.031 33. 554 34.015 34. 485 35. 033 35. 539 36. 419 -.004 +.003 -.001 (-.012) +. 005 (-.021) -.004 -.005 -.003 +.001 +.007 31.083 31.631 31.978 32. 478 33.028 33. 552 34.014 34. 484 35. 033 35. 540 36. 423 -.003 +. 005 +. 001 (-.010) +.008 (-.019) -.003 -.004 -.003 .000 +. 003 31.083 31.628 31.974 32. 475 33. 037 33. 545 34. 010 34. 481 35. 033 35.540 36. 435 -.003 +.008 +.005 (-.007) -.001 (-.012) +.001 -.001 -.003 .000 -.009 31.084 31.631 31. 979 32.480 33. 034 33. 548 34.014 34. 486 35. 036 35. 542 36. 430 — .004 15 11 (14) 3 (10) 5 6 +. 005 .000 (-.012) +.002 (-.015) -.003 —.006 1 9 -.000 — .002 8 -.004 Aver dge. - --. - -- -. OOOi ±. 0043 +. OOOi dz. 0042 -.000? ±. 0048 -.002o ±. 0035 From this tabulation it wiU be seen that these three bridges agree in showing large differences from tlie chlorinity values for drums Xo. 14 and X'^o. 10. Hence these drums have not been used in the computations. Applying a corr(M'tion of —0.002° oo to the salinities obtained by WHOI bridge X^o. 2 and then taking the means of results from bridges Xo. 1 and X'o. 2 gives a standard deviation from the salinities derived from the chlorinities of ±0.0039 for the WHOI bridges whose calibration curves are based on an assumed second degree relationship between conductivity and salinity. This may l)e compared with the standard deviation of the Coast Guard bridge salinities fi'om tlie salinities derived from chlorinities of ±0.0042 where the calibration curve is based on an assumed linear relationship between conductivity and salinity. The errors introduced through the use of tlie simpler expression, calibration curves (1) or (2), are therefore not considered to be significant for the salinity range 31 to 36)2°/oo, and the use of calibration curves of this type will be continued. From the February 1960, measurements it is now possible to correct the pu])lished salinities for the postwar period 1948 through 1959 on the basis of intercomparison of different batches of Copenhagen water and the standardization values assigned these batches in arriving at 37 tlic ])iil)lislu'(I salinillos. Of tlic \';U'ioiis ]);iitial and coinplelc calibra tioii iiicasurcMucnls made in the postwar period prior to February lOOO, those made in FebriiarxMarch 194S, are considered the most reliable and liaxf been accepted. The ciunidative discrepancy of these iiieasurenieiits from the Febriiai'v 19()0, nieasiiremeiits, as obtained from the snccessive interconiparisoii of different batches of Copen- hagen stanchird water, amounts to 0.085 in X-dial I'eading-. Tlie recon- cihation of this dilference between the two ends of the 12-year |)ei'iod may be tieated indifferent ways. It has been assnnied here that this dilference occin'red gra(hially, at the rale of 0.007 pel' year (ca. 0.001°/ooS) fi-om 1048 to 19()(),and that thisih'ifl may rei)resent a slow- increase in conductivity of tlie Copenhagen water from solution of tlie glass containing-ampules duiing stoi'age. Three diffei-ent calibration cui'ves wei'e used dnring the ])erio(l ; the 1948 curve foi' 1948-49, the 1950 curve for 1950-50 and the 1957 curve for 1957 and sul)sequent measurements. Th(> ai'l)itrai'ily selected point was difl'ercMit for each of the curves so that a salinity' of ;i5°/oo corres|)Oii(h'd to the following X-dial reacbngs: 1948 curve, 50.255; 1950 curve 50.100; 1957 curve, 49.911. The signilicant chronology of the interc()mi)ai'ison of the different batches of ( 'opeidiagen walei', in X-dial reading, was as follows . Fcbniary-AIarch l(t48 P15 = r)().() 10 Season of 1051 IM S uivatcr Ihan IM.") by 0.1 tO March 1953 PI? f^ivatcr tiian V\n ]>y 0.135 Season of 1956 P22 greater Ihan 1M7 l)y 0.120 March-May 1957 P22 greater Ihan P23 by 0.009 February 19C)0_ P23 = 49.857 Kcliruary 19()0 _ P29== 49.902 From t he foregoing, then, the corrected vjdues of X-dial reading which should have been used in st andardiza I ion for the a|)|)ropriale calibra- tion cur\'e used, are as follows: 19 IS curve 19 18 P15 = 50.0 10 1 94.S curve 1 949 P15 = 50.033 1950 curve t950 P15 = 49.871 19.")0 curve 195t_ P15 = 49.8()4 1 950 curve 1 95 1 P18= 50.004 1 950 curvi' 1 952 P15 = 49.857 1950 curve 1952 P18= 49.997 1950 curve 1953 P15= 49.850 1950 curv<' P,)53 P17 = 49.985 1950 curve 1954 P17 = 49.978 1 950 curve 1 955 PI 7 = 49.971 1950 cur\c 195() - P17 = 49.964 1 950 curve 1 95(i P22= 50.084 1957 curve 1957 P22 = 49.888 1957 curve 1957 P23 = 49.879 1957 curve 1958 1^23 = 4!). 872 1957 curve 1959 P23 = 49.865 1957 curve 19()() P23= 49.857 1957 curve 1960 P29= 49.902 38 The application of staiidaidization coiTcctions necessary to conform to these vahies reciuires the followin^i' corrections to tlie pubhslied sahnities. It will he noted that while the corrections are tabulated below to the nearest 0.001 °/oo, the salinities published were given to the nearest 0.01°/oo and the pi-ecision of the measurenients was 0.0057oo. Survey Station 7oc Survey Station 7oo 1948: 1st 3576-3599 3600-3616 3617-3658 3659-3715 3716-3746 3747-3810 3811-3872 3873-3902 3903-3932 3933-3999 4000-4068 4069^144 4145-4174 4175-4238 4239^306 4307-4385 4386-4452 4453-4464 4465-4559 4560^613 4614-4740 4741-1840 4841^940 4941-4970 4971-4980 4981^984 4985-4988 4989-4994 -0. 002 0. 000 -1-0.001 +0. 001 0.000 -1-0. 003 -1-0. 001 -1-0. 003 -1-0. 006 4-0.001 +0. 029 -1-0. 027 -1-0. 030 -1-0. 028 -1-0. 028 -1-0. 023 -1-0. 031 -HO. 028 -1-0. 025 -1-0. 031 -1-0. 026 -l-0. 028 -1-0. 024 -1-0. 029 -hO. 027 -1-0.029 4-0. 031 4-0.028 1953: 1st.- 4995-5060 5061-5141 5142-5248 5249-5300 5301-5393 5394-5476 5477-5566 5567-5661 5662-5740 5741-5877 5878-5983 5984-6036 6037-6122 6123-6217 6218-6284 6285-6335 6336-6431 6432-6503 6504-6519 6520-6572 6573-6660 6661-6740 6741-6835 6836-6889 6890-6976 6977-7149 7150-7283 4-0. 030 2d.-. 2d 3d, 4th Postseason 1954: 1st 2d 3d 4th Postseason 1955: 1st and 2d 4-0. 035 3d 4-0. 029 Postseason Postseason 4-0. 030 1949: 1st and 2d . 4-0. 023 4-0. 019 3d 4th 4-0. 028 4-0. 018 .5th Postseason 1950: 4-0. 022 4-0. 027 1st 2d 3d 4th Postseason 1951: 1st 2d. 3d Postseason 1956: 1st 2d 3d Postseason 1957: 1st 4-0. 022 4-0. 025 4-0. 009 4-0. 002 4-0. 008 4-0. 003 2d J - 4-0. 032 3d 2d 2d Postseason 1958: 1st - 2d 3d 4-0.041 Postseason 1952: 1st 2d 4-0. 040 4-0. 042 4-0. 037 3d Postseason Postseason 4-0. 038 4-0. 042 4-0. 039 Postseason Postseason 1959: 1st 2d and 3d 4-0.012 Postseason .. . . 4-0. 009 4th and postseason 4-0.011 It is now of iiilcirsl 1() cxii iiiiiir I lie departures of ( 'opcnhagen watei- from tbe conihictiNity-chlorinit \- relationsliip existing in actual sea wafer which has not been stored in glass containers, as represented by I lie (bscrcpancies between the sahnities correspon(nng to the stated chlorinities of the ("openhageii water and the salinities corresponding to the X-- the i^ostseason occupal u)n ol' tlu> Boiiavista triangle, figtirc 28 indicates that only such hergs as might cross the 49th |)arallel eastward ol" about r){)°'M)' W., would follow tiie eastern branch. The first sui'vey, the southeiii pari of the second survey and the fourth survey covered areas in the (irand Banivs i-egion from wliich suflicient eai'lier data are available to permit t he (U'signation of itormal tem|)erat ure-salinity |-elat ionships of the Labrador ( 'urrcnt and At- lantic ( 'uri'ent water masses and the virtual water mass of mixed water derived fi'om these two water masses. Figure 29 compares the T-S relationshi|)s of the Labrador ( 'nricnt watci-, Atlantic ( 'urrent water and mi.xed water found during the above menlioned snrveys in 19()0 with the mean relationships for the l.'!-year ])ei-io(l 194(S-60. Whereas the tempera! ure minimum in the l^abi'ador ( 'uri'ent charac- teristically occurs at a depth of about 7") metei's, in 19()() it occurred 46 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° Figure 27. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,000-decibar surface, from data collected 18 June-1 July 1960. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 47 FiGXTRE 28.^Dynamic topography of the soa surface relative to the 1,000-decibar .surface from data collected 6-8 July 1960. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. at about 50 meters and the salinities were lower than normal at depths less than about 200 meters. The mixed water cmve for 1960 approxi- mates the normal eurve down to about 400 meters. Below this depth, and in the Labrador Current water b('h)\v about 600 meters, the 1960 values are coIcUm- and Fresher than normal. It is suggested that since the Lal)rad()r ('ui'rent is fornicd hy the junction of West Greenland (HuTcnt and Baflinland ('ui'rent components just south of Davis Strait in the ])r()port!ons of about 3 to 2, an abnormal amount of Baffiidand ('uricnt coming south across Davis Strait ridge might have the effect of lowering both temperature and salinity in the deeper levels of the Labrador ('urrent in the (irand Banks region. As the mixed water contains a gicater proportion of Labrador CiUTent water than Atlantic Current water and as the horizontal velocity of the mixed water is small, and Ix'cause of the relative volume transports of 48 ihc Labrador and Atlantic ( "urreiits. the effect of such an ahtionnality oil the departure from normal T-S curves would be great in the case of the mixed water and nil in the case of the Atlantic Current. During the summer of 195U. the volume transport of the West Greenland Current off Cape Farewell was 3.2 million cubic meters per second in excess of its seasonal normal and this excess was contributed l)y its East Greenland Current component. This could have resulted in the stimulation of the Baffin Bay circulation necessary to produce the eff'ect outlined al)ove. The unsatisfactory part of such an explanation of the shape of the curves in figure 29 is that one would expect to find the effect at shallower levels in the Labrador Current water tlian in the mixed water and this is not the case. The 1960 curve for Atlantic Current water very nearly coincides willi the normal curve. However, individual levels are displaced along the curve indicating denser water than normal at levels deejier tlian 300 meters with ligliter than normal water down to ami inchuhng the 300 meter level. To avoid the possibility of overweighting the 1960 observations from extra southerly stations, no data were included from stations taken south of 41° X.. during the first survey. To show the dift'erences between the nican T S relationships found (Uuing the prewar period of 1934-41 and the postwar period 1948-60 the mean curves for })oth periods have been shown in figure 30. The curves for Atlantic Current water are not as specific as those for mixed water and Labrador ( 'urrent water because the data are heavily weighted by the larger number of stations from the outer margins of the current and the small number of cases when surveys completely crossed the Atlantic ( 'urreiit. The salinity minimum at a temperature of about o..5° which seemed chai'act eiist ic of tlie outer margins of the Atlantic Current during the prewar period has not been noticeable during the postwar period. There has been little change in salinity at levels of 800 meters and deeper but above that level the salinities have been higher. Temperatures have been highei' at all levels during the postwar period. In the mixed watci' there has been little temperature change above 400 meters but the temperatures have increased below that level and salinities have decreased at all levels. In the Labrador Current water also the salinities have decreased at all levels except 200 meters where they remained about tlie same. The water has become somewhat colder at levels above 1.000 meters and warmer at 1,500 meters. Figure 31 shows a plot of the values of a^ corresponding to the average temperature and average salinity, for indivi(hial years, of tlie r^abrador Current water foiuid at particular levels in tlie Grand Banks region for the periods 1934-41 and l'.)4S-(l(). This revises figure 23 (p. 92) in Bulletin 43 of this series in the light of the salinity cor- rections to the postwar data, and extends the figure to include 1900. 49 TEMPERATURE "C 50 TEMPERATURE "C m ^ lO c\J \ o \ s\ o \ 9 ^-- ^^^.^ \ •* o ^ ?^^^ 10 Q '> T^r^" "3-yo Vk^-< " 1— O 1 c tsss o- 10 ilX 5il \\ \ \ \ 1 c r \ \ \r ' \ 8\\ ft ^ w Ki ^ \ A M A J-z^V^, \ ^ ' f \ \ \ 1 3 ' .8 X. a: \ \ > \ %v UJ k 1- l\ < 1 \ 5 i N. ^ o \ *\ V UJ ^ ' \ ^^ \ X s 2 \ \ \ ^UJUJ \ \ \ f V \ \ \ \ v\ s.^^^ o \ \ q k ^^ u> 'a- \ \ ^ \ \ 00 1- 4- ^ \ \^ \\ to \ 'v ^ R*\ 0) \ c z 2 \ \ V u- 1 (£ (£ > ^X \( \ < < \ '^'K LU >- UJ \ \ >r \ X ■ ^ ro CD CO \ \ s^ i w UJ \ ^v 2 > \ -I z ^ \ o UJ % _1 ^, ^ o ac >Sv en m \ \ \J ~ — x 51 „r4* 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 56 59 o i 265 A \ J 266 / \ ,/ \ J / \ i / 267 ^-* [ / ' / ^ 60^- ■-' \" \ / \ \ / / 268 \, \ y \ ^,- -"- '' 75 M, A / / \ > H / / ■^ / \\ / / \ \ / \ / 269 \ / / \ N i \ \ 1 \ / r'' \ / / \, M \ / 1 ' / 270 tn 1 / \\ / / \ \ / , 1 / 1 ) sO?^ \! / / \ ^ k \ / / \ / CD H 27 1 \ / ; V ' \ / \ k / N ' / ^ / i f / \ ^ ,,'-' \ / > i \ / S 272 i \ !50M I \ / / \ \ / r \ * ' / \ / _1 3 273 z < ^ / \ / \ / \ / ^ / \ / 2 274' , r * 1 ; ^ \ i f ^ N \ / \ ..-- ^ / N 1^ / V, / \ <^ 2 \ 1 i \ -H .... -— \ / s \ j ^ 275 CHfl MGE N sr pLE 8 \, >S / K \ 1 \ / \ \ 1 \ 1 \ <, \ A ' / \ k h ^ / s \ / " "-- — - SQOit r ^ / '\, J \ 1 ' / \^ / < r' ^ \ / k^ \ / \ y / \ / ^ '■ — ( / ; v\ /, ^ / — c N ^ N I ^-^ ►— - ( / N /^ ,o * — _ BOOii - — < k ^ ^ / y' ,— < r-^ f ^ N ^ r ^■5^ ^ 12 50-17 fOM ^^ ^ < h <■ , k V "^ , ^ ^^ ^ / N >^ ^---' ..---< ^ ^^ ' ' ' n Fici KK 31. — Year-to-year fluct nations in density of tlie Lal)rador Current water found in the (Irand i^anks region ;i1 seiecled levels 1<.):U-41 and 1948-60. The plotted points rejjre.sent values of at corresiKjndin^ to the a\-erase temperature and a\'erage salinity for the particular year and le\('l. 52 The temperature and salinity distribution fomid along the extra- southerly sections of the fii'st survey are shown in figures 32-35. Departures of the individual stations from the specified meridian may be seen l)y referring to figure 24. The various bands of current shown in the dynamic topographic chart can also be identified in the tem- perature and salinit}- sections. Comparing the two sections it will be seen that the highest temperature in the western section is slightly warmer than in the eastern section. Otherwise the temperatures and salinities within particular current bands show little difference between the two sections. The section along the meridian of 50°15' W.. has been occupied by ships of the International Ice Patrol before. In 193S. the General Greene occupied the section during the period when the Armour Hansen and Altair were engaged in their investigation of the Gidf Stream system in the Azores sector. The Ererf/reen occupied the section in 1950 at the time of Operation Cabot and again in 1958 as a part of the activity of the International Geophysical Year. Figure 32. — Temperature distribution along meridional .-section at 48°30' W from data collected 2-7 April 1960. 53 FuaiKE '.V.i. — Salinity (list ril)ut ion alonp; meridional section at 48°30' W'., from (lala eollected 2 7 Ajtril 1 !)(;(). 'I'lic (Iviiainic lopotiraphy of tlic sea sui-facc shown in fi(;'ur(> 24 is retVrrcd lo the 1 ,()()()- this reference surface is satisfactory for studies of the l.ahrador ( 'luicnt in the Grand Banks re^i'ion, the motionless surface beneath the Atlantic ( 'urrent is more lU'ar'lx' the 2,0()()-(h'cihar surface and this (h'cper surface was us(>d for icference in studying the \-elocily (hslrihution and vohnne and heat li'ansports of the Atlaiit ic ( 'urrent at the sect ion located along 50° 15' \\ . Kigure 24 is still useful in showine- | he current |)at lei'ii even thougli the ahsalute velocities are in error. Figure ;;() is a schema t ic re])resentat ion of the hands of the Labrador and Atlantic ("urrents as they usually are found crossing a section along this meridian and is |)i-eseiite(l here lo facilitate a discussion of the lOdO occupation of the section in comparison with the earlier occupations. .Vn important part of the Atlantic ( 'mrent crosses the section as A in figure ;!(). Some of A I'ecurves toward Bermuda iis B, some recurves nort hw cstwai'd as 1) and son)e continues to the east- ward as C. D again recurves to the eastward after being joined by a 54 part of the Atlantic Current, G, wliich recurved northwestward west of the section. G may be considered to include a small amount of water from the U.S. and Canadian shelves, and G and D together make up E. The Labrador Current, F, crossing the section to the westward, recurves and recrosses the section, with some admixture of water from G and D, as mixed water paralleling and on the northern side of E. The net contribution of the Atlantic (\n-rent to the east- ward of the Grand Banks, then, is E plus C. The following table summarizes the volume transports of these various components found during the foiu- occupations. Units are millions of cubic meters per second. \'alues of components are com- puted except where otherwise indicated. Values (h'ri\-ed ])y sum or difference of other com])onents are indicated \)y (d). Values (h'tcr- mined graphically by planimeter are indicated by (p). Some of the values are less reliable and ai-e considered estimates labeled (e). It appears that in 19(i0, a closed counterclockwise eddy was present near the southern end of the section and consequently the southeastward Figure 34. — Temperature distribution along meridional section at 50°15' W from data collected 7-10 April 1960. 55 Figure 35. — Siilinity (listril)utioii aloiiK niciididiKil scc-tit)ii at 50°15' W., from dain collected 7-10 April I'.MH). Ii-aiisport iiicliidcd this rddy as well as li. Tlic vohiinc Ifaiisport of I lie eddy, estimated as the iicl tiaiispoft hctwccii stations 7oOO and 7'M)\, was tluTofofc subtracted to derive li. 1938 1950 1958 1960 A+F+E-D ... 58. 6 A 5(i. 4+3, 5(i>)=59.9 18.5 31.4 2. 11 ((1)29.4 completely soulh of .section 48.6 5. fi 19.9 (i.7 ((1)13.2 7. r,+2.2(e)9.8 ((1)33.2 ((1)7.6 ((1)4(5.4 ((1)43.0 ((1)56.2 52. 3— 0. 9((l)-5].4 D E+F.... (p)(). 1 5.2 ((1)6. 8 F 2.8 2 5 E ((1)4 2 B 21.7 (e)6.2 C (d)40. 0 G ((1)10.9 •58. 2 ((1)41.4 ((1)70.8 (d) -0. 9 E+C ((1)24. 1 (d)44. 3 C+M (d)46. 3 E+C+B - (d)4r).8 (d)50. 5 ♦.Vpplyins mcnin B for 1938, 1958 and 19(50 to E4-C+B for 1950. As lli(> sum of I-'] |)liis (' is one of I he most im[)ortant values which can he derived IVom the occupation (»!' the section, ati extraordinaiw and otherwise imjustifiable procecUire w as followed to get a gross ap- 56 Figure 36. — Schematic diagram of currents crossing the meridian of 50° 15' W., south of the Grand Banks. proximatioa of E + C for 1950. In that year E + C + B was available but B was completely south of tlie section. The mean value of B for 1938, 1958 and 1960 was subtracted to derive E + C for 1950.^ Bearing in mind the large luicertainty in this value it is still of interest to note that while there has been no consistent change in E + C, for the three occupations 1950, 1958 and 1960, for which separate values of E and C can be deduced, there has been a continued decrease in the northern component E aud an increase in the southern component C. The tabulation shows a small negative value for G in 1960. This means that D was greater than E and is further interpreted to mean that D included the eastern part of a closed coiuiterclockwise eddy having a volume transport of this difference between D and E. The gross value of A has been reduced by the amount of this difference to derive the tabulated value of A. As in 1958 the volume transport of F, referred to tlie 2,000-decibar surface is larger than when referred to the 1,000-tlecibar surface. The larger value has been used in this tabulation to permit the use of a common reference surface in the construction of the velocity profile shown in figure 37 and used in graphical determination of heat trans- ports of the various components. The components shown in figure 36 have been interpreted as being made up of the following components shown in figure 37: F=Vi; E = Y2 + Vi — Vi; D = V2— V3; A=V4 — Vg -(D-E); B = V4-eddy between 7301 and 7300; C = A-D-B. The heat transport expressed as millions of cu. m°C/sec and mean tempera- ture of the contribution of the Atlantic CiuTcnt to the eastward of the 5 A fifth value of E + C may be approximate'! from the 1937 postseason cruise in which the net volume transport between stations 2475 and 2486 (southeastward of tlie Tail of the Hanks) was computed to be 52.3 X 10« cu.m/sec. As the Labrador Current between stations 2471 and 2475. computed as 3.0 X IQs cu.m/sec, recurved as a part of the northeasterly flow between stations 2475 and 248fi. the net contribution of the Atlantic Current to the eastward of the Grand Banks (K+C) was equal to or greater than (52.3—3.0) X 109=49.3 X 106 cu.m/sec. 591759—61- 57 10£Z — 20£Z £0£Z - frO£Z SO£Z 90£Z Z0£2. 80£Z 60£i OI£Z 9I£/ 58 Grand Banks for this occupation of the section are given below in comparison with similar (juantities for earlier occupations: E C E+C Heat Mean Heat Mean Heat Mean transport temperature transport temperature transport temperature 1938 312. 13.0 1050 779. 13.4 1958 159. 12.1 447. 13.5 606. 13.1 1960 37. 8.8 521. 13.0 558. 12.6 The lower mean temperature found thu'ing this occupation is noted as well as the fact that the 19G0 measurements were made earlier in the spring. Although the Atlantic Current extends to considerable depth, since the highest velocity occurs in the upper layers and the heat trans- port and mean temperature are weighted according to velocity dis- tribution seasonal changes in temperature in the upper layers cannot be disregarded and at this writing the significance of seasonal changes in heat transport and mean temperature cannot be accurately assessed in consideration of the above tabulated values. From the 14 stations (7294-7307) which were located south of 41 ° X., during the fu'st survey 53 observations from the water beneath the Atlantic Current were examined for potential temperature- saliriity relationship and a curve representing them has been shown as a solid line in figure 38. Because of the small number of observations the curve has uncertainties, but at potential temperatures above about 2.6° it departs toward lower salinities from the curve shown by Bradshaw and Schleicher ^ for the deep water west of Bernuida. At lower potential temperatures there is no significant difference. The broken line in figure 38 is taken from Bradshaw and Schleicher. Fourteen observations from the deeper water beneath the Atlantic Current, made during the 1958 occupation of this section are shown as cii'cles in figure 38. A number of sections across tlie Labrador Current have been repeatedly occupied in connection with the routine current surveys of the Grand Banks region and on the postseason cruises. The locations of these sections are as follows: Sections XW., SW., and SE. are the northwestern, southwestern and southeastern sides of the Bonavista triangle which is defined by its corners located at 50° X'., 49° W.; 47°20'X^, 50° W., and just off Cape Bona.\4sta, X'ewfoundland; Section H is rougldy parallel to SE. and extends northeasterly from about 47°10' X., 49°15'W.; section G extends northeasterly from about 47°10' X'., 48°40' W. ; section F2 is an east-west section between the Grand Banks and Flemish Cap at the parallel of 47°15'X'^.; section F is similar to Fo but about 30 miles farther south; section T extends southeasterlv from al)out 46°20' X"., 49° W.; section U ex- • Bradshaw, Alvin L., and Karl E. Schleicher "A Conductivitj^ Bridge for the Measuiement of Salinity of Sea Water" Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Reference Xo. 56-20. Unpublished Manuscript. 59 34B5 3.5 349Q S7o. 3495 35.00 30 CD 2.5 / / / / / o / / r o o / / / 1 / O °/' / u o / V / / f / / 2.0 Figure 38. — Potcnlial tenipcratun'-salinily rclat iuiislii]) found Ijeiieath the Atlantic Current south of the Grand Banks 2-10 April 19G0 (solid line) and 23-2() May 1958 (circles) compared with tlie relationship reported by Bradshaw and Sclileiclier for the deep water west of Bermuda (l^roken line). tends eastrrly Iroiii the (irund Banks at about 45° N.; section W extends southerly IVoni the (iraiid Banks along the nieridian of 50°15' W.; the South Wolf Island section extends northeasterly from South Wolf Island, Lalmidor, and is a part of the section across the Labrador Sea from South Wolf Island to (/a])e Faicwell, Greenland. A sufficient number of occu])ations of many of these sections has permitted the (levelo])ment of tentative normal seasonal variation relatiojiships. Those previously develoixMl fori he i>abrador ( 'uri'cnt were published as follows: Sections X\V., S\V., and SE l)uiieliii Xo. 39 (season of 1953) Section.s F and G bulletin No. 42 (season of 195(5) So\ith Wolf Island section bulletin \o. 44 (season of 1958) Teiitalix-e normals foi- sections T, V, and \V have been redetermined and are shown lieicwit h in figure '.^9. All occu])at ions of these sections thi'ough 1 '.)()() weic grou])ed according to months. The monthly groups from mi» t--.iC.-HiC TT77 T7TTT7T TTTT CO CO o < '^ CS t^ cc ^ :D r- - coc^ ro CO x-^ o r3 X c; : :r: rs X -N CO t^ t^ M ic ?o I 1— I iC CO .— ' o I oi .-H o c^ CO i-a:t-Mr-x^ cD^^ic r: ro -r •^J r; ^ -r o r; -^ -f » CO >- o _l > I^ O -*• t^ - I + "C-froC5 ror-x*c ccc^^i-o ro-— i-n* t-- o -H -rf c^ Ol CO I' -^ "^ CO -^ C CO '^* o en < en (-(NOOaO OMC^O^ O-^-^O Ol-ifClO-^OCCI^ 02C^-*'t^rH ■^ « "O » ci^yico ^r tt ■* « (n = m ■* m Tr (M •* o -r "O .■5r-.:SB g^^' H 2fec-»^l^t!Xx'v:~0&. ^ ^' ,J ," , V ' — 65 tomperatiire. Tlie mean temperature during tlie postseason occupa- tion of the Bonavista triangle was the warmest on record with 25 occupations chu'ing 13 years. Figures 41 through 43 show the dynamic topography in the vicinity of the Jiabrador Sea section and the temperature and sahnity distri})u- tion found along that section (hning the postseason cruise. As the stations were disposed in tlie form of a single section, rather than a network, the dyjiamic to])ogi'aphy along the section is somewhat con- jectural especially in the C[uieter water of the central J^iabrador Sea. The Jjabrador Current, divided by the slioal off Hamilton Inlet, and the outer part of tlie West Greenland Current off Cape Farewell are recognizable. Tn tlie tem])eratui-e section, the characteristic frigid water over the shelf and temperature maximiun tongue extending downward toward the continental slojx' ick'ntifv the Labrador Cur- rent. In 1960, this temperature maxinnim tongue was w^armer than usual. On the Creenland side the temperature maxinuim of greater than ()° identifies the Irminger Current component of the West Green- land Current. As previously noted, sea ice prevente*! tlie extension of the section beyond station 7588 so no information is available regard- ing the shape of tlie isotherms and isohalines in the colder fresher water inshore of the core of the Irminger Current water. Tlie temperature minimum remnant in the intermediate water of the Labrador Sea was warmer than usual with a coldest observation of 3.23°. The depth of the temperature maximum beneath it was slioaler than usual, located near 1,500 meters. The deep salinity maximum layer appears to have been centered at about 2,500 meters. In consi(h'['ing the volume transport, mean temperature and heat trans])oi-t of the West Greenland Current at the time of the 1960 occupation of the Labrador Sea section reasonable assumptions were made in extrapolating a section of anomaly of specific volume from station 7588 to tlie beach as well as in the extrapolation of isotherms. The resulting figures for volume transport, mean temperature and heat transport of the West Greenland Current were 6.09, 4.95, and 30.17 respectively. Comparable normal values, from the curves pub- lished in bulletin 35 of tiiis series, are 4.70, 4.50, and 21.14. The corresponding figures for 1959 were 7.56, 4.29, and 32.40 when the normal values were 4.37, 5.14, and 22.49. Consick'ring the West Greenland Current to be made up of an Irmingei- Curi'ent coin])onent of constant mean temperature of 5.5° and an East Greenland Current component of constant mean tempera- ture of 3.2° these components had volume transports of 4.64 and 1.45 respectiveh- in 1960 compared with seasonal noi-nials of 2.65 and 2.05 and in 1959 they were .").57 and 3.99 com[)ared with seasonal normals of ;).70 and 0.67. Thus in 1959, the Ii'Uiinger Ciu'rent component was near normal and the East Greenland Current component had a large positive anomaly. In 1960, the East Greeidand (^nrent component 66 Figure 41. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,500-decibar surface from data collected 10-13 July 1960. Oceanographic station positions are indicated bv circles. 67 METER DEPTH 7588 5 7582 7568 68 ■/^^i. ^ METER DEPTH 75883 7582 69 was below normal and the Iriniiiger Current component had a large positive anomal}*. In 1959, the net volume transport above the reference surface be- tween Cape Farewell and South Wolf Island was computed to be 2.37 northwesterly. In 1960, this net transport was computed to be 1.91 also northwesterly. Analysis of the interniediale water and deep water of the Labrador Sea section, after the manner desci'ibed in Bulletin 42 of this series, gave the following characteristic values for 1959 and 1960: IDoO HlBO Tcniperu- Tcmprra- tiire Salutitij titrc SalinUy Intermediate water 3.36 34.83., 3.37 34. 87o 2,000 me tens 3.19 34.903 3.17 34.925 2,500 meters 2.84 34.916 2.94 34. 93o 3,000 meters 2. 37 34. 89s 2. 43 34. 925 3,500 meters 1.70 34.87s 1.72 34. 91o The values of -eighth of its mass above the water line this ratio would be 7/1 for a berg of rectangular sha])e oi- tabular with a flat top and vertical sides. If it is spherical in sha])e, the ratio is 3.5/1. Even smaller values exist U)v (xhl shapes hlvc a mount or pinnacle on a I'aft or with extensive ledges. This j'atio has fre(iuentl3' been assumed to be 5 or 6 to 1 for average b(u-gs. Achlitional experience indicates that an average figure is neai'er thai for a si3here than that for a rcM'tangular shape. This emphasizes the need for considering the total vector of forces moving bergs, that is, the effect of wind and water forc(>s. During the second survey, a study o'i the wind effect on icebergs was mad(^ with Lieut, (jg. ) T. V. Buchnger, USCG, as project officer. The |)riiuary objective of the stud\' was to determine the direct effect of the wind and the iiKhiccI clfcct of the wind di'iven current on the movement of iceber-gs and therehy iinproNc icebeig movement for- 70 71 34.85 3.0 S /eo 34.90 34.95 35.00 2.5 o 2.0 r.5 c \ . ) \ N 1 ; T I ( 1 \ / ^ 1 \ ( 1 \ \ J V -^ ^ Figure 45. — Potential tempeniture-salinity rrlatioii^hip for the deep water of the Labrador Sea. Ellipses show standard dexiation of postwar years from the 13-year mean 1948-60. casting' tochnicjiics. A secondary obj('cti\'(> was to investigate Eknian's enipifical ('(|uati()ii for tli<> velocity of a wind drixcii current. To accomplisli tliesc ohjcct i\-cs, the follow ilia' measurements were made: ^^'illd velocity by means of aiilomalic and hand held wind measui'ing devices; shi])"s position hy means of loran; surface current by means of a geomagnetic elect rokin('togra|)h and surface and sid)- surface currents hy means of plotting the diifl of ihi'ee parachute drogues. Tli(> observalion period lasted cS;^ hours during which time ()6 loi-an fixes were obtained, Ki geomagnetic elect rokinetograph sin-- face current determinations wcic made, hourly w ind velocity measure- ments taken, and half houi'lx rachir I'anges of iceberg and drogue reflectoi-s r(>coi(jed. 72 Tlu' ]);ir;ieliiite drogue iiK'asureineiUs consisted of simultaneoiis radar tracking of tln'ee drogues relative to the iceberg. The drogues were pkiced approximately at the surface, at 250 feet, and at 500 feet. Each was suspended from a float consisting of a styrofoain float pierced by a 20-foot aluminum spar equipped with a battery powered flasliiug light and radar reflector. Unfortunately, the radar reflectors did not work as well as was expected and maximum radar range was 5 miles with occasional maximum ranges of less than 1 mile in choppy seas. Nevertheless, successful observations were taken and data recorded. At the present time it is felt that although some interesting results were obtained, the amount of data is insufficient to present a conclusive result. It is hoped that further studies can be nuide and more definite conclusions reached. With reasonable assumptions regarding above water and l)elow water areas and drag coefficients applied to theoretical hydrodynamical arguments an expression for windage was derived as: Iceberg velocity = 0.023 wind. This was in good agreement with the preliminary data wtiicii indicate that the relation between wind speed and the movement imparted to an iceberg for wind speeds Ix'tween 10 and 50 knots is linear and given by: Iceberg Vel. = 0.03K-W with the movement directed 50° to the right of the surface wind." The "shape" constant, K, varies from 0.7 for blocky or massive bergs to 1.4 foi- drydock or winged icebergs, W is the wind speed. As part of this investigation, a re-evaluation of the constant in Ekman's equation for the velocity of wind driven currents was accomplished by a rapid reduction of 77,S2S observations made by lightships along the North American east coast. The value (h'lived, 0.013, is in excellent agi'ccMiUMit with Ekman's. SUMMARY 1. Precise chlorinity (k'terminations together with \^'enner salinity bridge measurements of a collection of large samples of actual surface sea water samples over the range of salinities encountered in the Ice Patrol operating area has permittetl a good calil)ration of the salinity bridge, an assessment of the errors involved in the use of several batches of C'opeidiagen standard water as standards of conductivity, and the determination of corrections to the previously ])ublisiu'd salinities of samples collected by the Ice Patrol during tlie period 1948 to 1959. These corrections and other corrections to salinity- dependent functions are tabulated. 2. Five dynamic topogi'aphic charts I'esulting from the four surveys made in the Grand Banks region during the season arul the postseason occupation of the Bonavista triangle have been presented. ' Budiiigt'i-. T. F. Wind Effect on Icebergs \9<,0. unpublished. .-)917.59— 61 6 73 'A. Tlio temperature-salinity cliarartcristics of the tiiree water masses found in the (Jraml Bani Labrador ('urrent at sections T, U, and W have been presented. 7. The chai'acteristic temperature and salinity of the intermediate and deep waters of the Lai)rad()r Sea from the 1960 postseason cruise have been presented in comparison with earlier values, and the year to year fluctuations in density of the (h'cp water at specific levels has been shown for all occupations of the Labiador Sea section from 1934 to 1960. 8. Some experiments using ])arachule drogues in measuring the effect of wind on the movement of iceberus have been desci'ibed. 74 Appendix I EXACT CHLORINITY DETERMINATIONS By Lieut, (jg.) T. F. Budinger General: On 8 February 1960 an investigation was initiated to deter- mine the exact halogen content in 12 sea-water samples taken from the surface waters of the Grand Banks and contiguous areas of the North Atlantic Ocean. These samples were obtained by the International b^e Patrol Oceanographic Unit in 1959 and stored in polyethylene containers of ca. 12-gallon capacity until February 1960 when they were transferred to chemically clean containers of suitable size and cpiantities to allow distribution for calibration and analytical work by otlier investigators. This is a final technical report on the project completed 28 February 1960. Techniques: Twelve Ice Patrol samples ranging in salinity from about 31°/oo to 36.4%o (intervals of approxmiately 0.5°/oo) were ana- lyzed together with two Normal Water samples (batches P-28 and P-29) prepared by the Hydrographical Laboratories in Copenliagen, Denmark. The analj^ses were conducted by two very precise technic{ues which can be made complimentary one to the other thus allowing intercomparison and confidence, or doubt, as the case might be, in tlie final results. The Ice Patrol surface samples were analyzed by a com- parison technique with the Normal Water, P-28. The procedure is essentially the Volhardt teclmique as modified by Dittmar (1884),^ S. P. L. 80rensen (1902),- and BJ0rn-Andersen (1911).^ The resulting weight titration teclmique gives high precision conmiensurate with the size of sample, strength of titration liquids, and analytical care. An extremely precise technic{ue following the same general procedure as developed by the investigators listed above was used b}^ Miss I. Knudsen (1937)^ in comparing Urnormal 1937 water with P, P-11, and P-15 batches. The technique employed in the Ice Patrol analyses is a slight modification of the above procedures to accommodate the available apparati at the Marine Biological Laboratories in Woods Hole, Mass. The criteria for choice of solution strengths and C(uanti- ties of samples were to maintain the highest theoretical precision m accomplishing replicate analyses of 12 samples and to allow intercom- parison of tlie cojnparison analyses with "atomic weiglit silver" analyses. Tlie second procedure used for control was pure silver analyses of the chlorinity of P 28 and Ice Patrol sample No. 1 as de- fined sid^sequent to the change in atomic weights of silver and chlorine in 1940. Other techniques have been used for the precise analysis of sea- water chlorinity. Deacon ^ and Thompson and Wu'th ^ used pure 75 \a('l as a standard; Ilcriiiaii ' and leather and Kilcv - liave reported a potentioinetric melliod wliicli is \'('i\- rapid and jirecise. Comjxirisoii Technique: About 50 gi-ains of sea watci' of known ap- proximate chlorinity were transferred to a 12o-]nl., giass-stoppered Eilenineyer flask. A slight excess of acidified strong silver nitrate solution, usually about 53 grams, was transferred to a similar vessel. The silver nitrate solution, hereafter referred to as the AgNOslstrong), was prepared to be ec|uivalent to ca. 18.29°/oo CI and later analyzed as 18.278°/oo CI equivalent. In a darkened room the two solutions were condjined, mixed, and stored in a 500-nd. Erlenmeyer for ca. 10 hours. Tlie total volume including washing from transferring was 250 to 300 ml. I sually four samples were run tln-ough at one time. Tlie solution was decanted onto a filter and the precipitate washed five tunes with acidified conchictivity water. Final fiUering was accomplished by slight suction and the precipitate washed tw^o tunes with conductivity water. The filtrate, ca. 500 ml., was ti'ansferred to a 600 nd. beaker and the vohune r(>(hiced to 20-50 ml. on a water bath. After some experimentation, very efficient evaporation was accomplished by im- attended air baths heated by properly adjusted Fischer burners. After this volume reduction, the slight excess of silver nitrate was titrated volumetrically witli annnonium tliiocyanate (ca. 0.05 N) and l)ack titratiHl witli weak silver nitrate using 2 nd. of a saturated, acidihetl sohition of Ferric Alum (FeXH4(S04)2 ■ 12 H.O) as indicator. From the quantity of XrT4S(\V, weak Ag.XO.s and the established ratios of these volumes to a unit mass of AgX03(strong), the exact amount of AgN03(str()ng) corresponding to a weiglied amount of sea-water sample was cojnputed. The exjjression for cliloi-inity in sea water used for this comparison technique is: CI °/ =19 374 ^~^^ ' ^'' ^ /oo ^•'•■^^^Sample-Sp where P 2S and "Sample" ai'e I lie masses of Xoinial water and the sample respectively; and S|) and Sc the amounts of silver nitrate re- (juired to pi'ecii)itate all of the halides in the Xormal water and the sample, respectivelv. The value 19.374 is the nominal chlorinity of P 28. All weighings were double weighings and buoyancy connections were made only for the "exact" techni(|ue described below as in the com- ])aris()n techni(|ue the coi rect ions for buoyancy are always positive in the inuncM'ator and (h'tiominaloi' and are api)roximateiy the same for norjnal water and sea water as their density is almost the same. All a|)j)arati were calibrated against an "S" class 10 gram mass, checked by the Xational Bureau ol' Standai'ds. All solutions were made up with reag(Mit gi'ade chemicals, nitrogen oxide U-c{^ II XO;,, conductivity walei', and sealed with an e\a|)orat ion proof techni(|ue. Care was 76 taken to avoid light exposure. The amount of excess AgXOs adhering to the precipitate of Ag(l was found neghgible except in early trials when a large excess was present. The overall precision for the replicate analyses shown in table 1 is less than ±0.002°/oo in chlorinity and the accuracy is safely estimated the same magnitude as will be seen by exammation of the pure silver analyses. The ratios giving the relative strength of all solutions were deter- mined by multiple analyses with good precision: 1. Strength of the weak titration li([uids in relation to one another: ml.ofXH,SCN ^,,o„3 (^0,00,) ml. of AgX03(weak) (mean of 5 determinations) 2. .Strength of weak titration litjuids by comparison to AgXOa strong: AgXO3(strong)^0.09G7 gm in air/miUiliter ml. XH4SCX (±0.0001) (mean of 8 determinations) o. Strength of AgX'O.s strong by comparison with P-2S X'ormal Water: P— 28 -T-^.^=0.94347(± 0.00008) AgA W3 (mean of (i determiiuitions) Absolute "Atomic iveight silrer" technique: Based on the new definition of chlorinity: "The number giving the chloi-inity in grams per kilogram of a sea- water sample is identical with the numljer giving the mass in grams of "atomic weight silver" just necessary to precipitate the halogens in 0.o28o2;^3 kilogram of the sea-water sample." Cl°/oo = 0.3285233 gm silver necessary The values for P-28 X'ormal Water and International Ice Patrol sample Xo. 1 waters were determined using pure U.S. Mint Silver. The last such analysis of X'ormal water was made in 1938 by O. Honigschmid * reported for Urnormal 1937. About 75 gms. of sample were weighed in a 125 nd. Erlenmeyer. Foi- each known mass of sample a very slight (ca. 10 mg.) excess of ])urc silver was weighed. The silver was in the form of small pellets. The pellets (ca. l-)! mm. in diameter) were cleaned with acetone, l)oile(l and soaked in Id l)aielies of conductivitv water, examined 77 iudividuuUy uiuler niagiiilicatioii and dried at 225° C. before weighing;. All silver masses were determined hy double weighings on a Micro balance (sensitivity 1/200 mg.) and corrected for buoyancy, 0.01°/oo impurity, and probable moisture pick-up during weighing period. To each silver sample ca. 20 ml. cone. HXO3 (nitrogen oxide free) were added and after slight heating on a water bath the AgNOs solution was brought up to ca. 200 ml. with conductivity water. To these solutions, P-28 and sample No. 1 were added and mixed. All work was accomplished in darlmess and conductivity water was used throughout. The procedure thereafter followed that of the com- parison teclmiciue with the exception that the mixtures were repeatedly shaken over a period of 12 hours before filtering and very little (ca. 1 ml. of NH4SCN) was required by the excess silver nitrate. Results: The results of these analyses are shown in the following table. The examination of P-28 by pure silver yielded values in reinarlval)le agreement with the stated value: P-28 })y Silver 19.3747 Mean = 19.3.43 vStated value=19.;-;74 Silver analyses of Ice Patrol sample Xo. 1 comj)are very favorably with the results of the comparison teclniif|ue: By comparison By silver 19.3908 19.3896 As a further check on the entire comparison technique and solution ratios, P-29 Normal Water was run as an uidvnown and confidence in all of the results may he inferred from the agreement between the stated value and the determined clilorinity : By cojnparison Stated value 19.3698 19.370 As a final check, tlie detei'minations wei-e (>X!imined to see if the amount of excess AgNO^ caused random oi' dii-ectional deviation from the mean. The random deviation noted indicat(>s that neither a deterjuinate solution ratio error nor an indeterminate washing tech- nique error exists. It is b(>lieved the preceision could be improved slightly had weight burettes and larger samples been used. The precision of the chlorinity values given for Ice Patrol samples is ±0.002°/oo C'l and the accuracy is believed to be very nearly ± 0.002700 CI. 78 Chlorinity and Salinity International Ice Patrol Sea-water Samples Sample Chlorinity °/oo determinations Chlorinity °/oo mean* Salinity %<, 7 15 11 14 3 10 5 6 1 Xo. 1 Silver 9 8 P-29 P-28 Silver. 17.2026 17.2035 17.2008 17. 5079 17.5123 17. 6976 17. 7027 17.9711 17.9709 18.28(50 18. 2861 18. 5620 18. 5606 18. 8269 18. 8249 19.0862 19.0860 19.3890 19. 3926 19. 3913 19. 3879 19. 6721 19. 6737 20. 1623 20. 1658 19. 3658 19. 3695 19. 3741 19. 3738 19.3747 ±0. 001 17.5101 ±0.002 17. 7001 ±0.002 17.9710 ±0.001 18.2860 ±0.000 18. 5613 ±0. 001 18. 8259 ±0.001 19. 0861 ±0.000 19. 3908 ±0.002 19. 3896 ±0.002 19. 6729 ±0.001 20. 1640 ±0.002 19. 3698 ±0.003 19. 3743 ±0. 0005 31.080 31.636 31. 979 32.468 33. 036 33. 533 34. Oil 34.480 35.030 35.028 35.540 36.426 34. 992 35.001 'Fourth decimal not significant. REFERENCES 1. Dittmar, W. 1884. Report on researcht'.s into the composition of ocean water collected by H.M.S. Challenger. Challenger Repts., Physics and Chein., vol. 1, p. 4, 1884. 2. Forch, Carl, Alartin Knud.sen, and S. P. L. S0rensen. 1902. Bericht liber die Konstantenbestiminungen zur Aufstellung der hydrographischen Tabel- len. Menioires de I'Academie Royale des Sciences et des Letters de Dane- mark, Copenhague, Serie 6, Section des Sciences, vol. 12, Xo. 1, 1902. 3. Bj0rn-Ander.sen, H. 1912. Exact determination of the chlorine in some sam- ples of -sea water from the Mediterranean. Rpt. on the Danish Oceanog- raphical Expeditions 1908-1810. vol. 1, sec. 3. p. 195, 1902. 4. Jacobsen, J. P. and M. Knudsen. 1940. Urnormal 1937 or Primary Standard Sea- Water 1937. A.^^sociation D'Oceanographie Physique. Publ. Scientifique Xo. 7, 1940. 5. Deacon, G. E. R. 1933. An examination of 'eau de mer normale P-13, 28- VI-1929. Journal du Conseil, vol. 8, p. 59, 1933. 6. Thompson, T. G. and H. E. Wirth, 1931. The specific gravity of sea water at zero degrees in relation to the chlorinity. Journal du Con.seil, vol. 6. Xo. 2, p. 232, 1931. 7. Hermann, F. 1951. High accuracy potentiometric determination of the chlorinity of sea water. Journal du Conseil, vol. 17, Xo. 3, p. 223, 1951. 8. Bather, J. M. and J. P. Riley, 1953. The precise and routine potentiometric determination of the chlorinitj' of sea water. Journal du Conseil, vol. 18, Xo. 3, p. 277, 1953. 79 Appendix 2 Data on origin oi 12-gailon polyethylene drum samples Origin Surface salinity at time of collection S by CI Date drum Drum Station X. lat. W. long. Date of collection sample divided 7244 7160 7254 fi899 6929 6910 6924 6922 f 6991 I 7028 / 6995 I 7004 6905 48-25 48-45. 5 48-10 43-00 44-13 42-02. 5 44-00 43-41 41-31.5 44-52 41-06 42-39. 5 41-05. 5 52-14 52-47 49-43 50-14 49-23 47^9 48-30 47-19 50-14 45-18 48-14 46-51 50-12 2 Aug. 1959 16 June 1959 3 Aug. 1959 6 Apr. 1959 12 Apr. 1959 9 Apr. 1959 11 Apr. 1959 11 Apr. 1959 2 Mav 1959 8 May 1959 3 Mav 1959 5 May 1959 7 Apr. 1959 31.07 31.60 31.69 32. 47 33. 03 33. 54 34.00 34. 46 34. 80 35.25 35. 28 35. 75 36. 30 31.080 31.636 31.979 32. 468 33. 036 33. 533 34.011 34. 480 } 35.030 1 35.540 36. 426 15 Feb. 1960 15 .. .. 16 Feb 1960 11 16 Feb. 1960 14 3 16 Feb. 1960 15 Feb. 1960 10 5 6 16 Feb. 1960 17 Feb. 1960 16 Feb. 1960 1 9 16 Feb. 1960 17 Feb. 1960 8 17 Feb. 1960 For tlio most pai-t tlio coluinii lieadings are soil" explanatory. The surface salinit_\" at the time of collection of tlie lnv^o sample was that of a sample collected by Xansen bottle as measui'ed by the Coast Guard Oceano^i'raphic Unit's Weiir.cr l)rid^i-e whereas the large sample was taken from the ship's fire main after thorouo-h flushing of the system. While most of the (hfferences b(>tweeii the surface salinity at the tim(> of collection and the subsecpient sahiiity by ('1 are small, drums 11 and 8 showed large differences. In the case of drum 11. there was a considerable salinity gradient near the surface so that the fact that the fii'e main intake was below the surfac(> may explain the higher dnnn salinity. .\o such ex])lanation can be offered for the large dilFerenee in the case of (h'um S which leaxcs the possibility of inadequate Hushing of the fire main system (this was one of the first drums collected in 19")'.) and |)eisonnel had little previous experi- ence in this method of collection), contamination fi-om other than sea water soui'ces, and excessive evaporation. Since each of the last two possibilities (le|)en(l on a leaky seal, they seem im|)robable because in the case of a leaky seal the contamination from rain water would probably gr'eatly reduce t he salinity. One other drum which did have ii leaky seal changed from ap|)roxiniately .■^6.()°/oo u|)on collection on 10 April 1959 to ;^3.22%o in Kel)iua!y I'.MiO. Conlidence in the seal is justified by the fact that at the end of the (iist survey, before the di'um was put aslioi'e for storage, a small sample was withdrawn and measured a|)proximatel\ ;!().89°/oo by conduct i\ii\. Drums 1 and '.) wei'e composites, each being mixtures of about e(|iial parts of di'uins which wei-e about /4°/oo on either side of the desii-ed salinities. 80 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA The data collected in 1960 are tahidated below. The individual station headings give the station niunber, date, geographical position, depth of water and dynamic height of the sea surface used in the con- struction of the dynamic topographic charts shown in figures 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 41. The depths of water are rough approximations, being the uncorrected sonic soundings based on a sounding velocity of 800 fathoms per second and containing an additional mechanical speed error of about 1 60. AVIkm'c the depths of scaled values are (Mi- closed in parenthes(>s. the data are i)ased on extrajiolated vertical distribution curves of temperature or salinity oi- both. Asterisks apjjearing before observed temperatures indicate that these tempera- tures were determined from the depth of reversal and the corrected I'eading of an unprotected thermometer. The symbol o-, signifies lOOO (density— 1) at atmospheric pressure a.nd teniperatui'c /. 81 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA Observed values Sealed ^ 'alues Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, |)r .Ml, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "'■ 1 illc 1 crs ture, °C. 7oo Station 7284; 2 April; 43°55' N., 49°15' W.; depth 159 m.; dynamic height 0 0.39 33.10 0 0.39 33. 10 2,S 0.43 33.15 25 0.43 33.15 50 0.47 33.18 50 0.47 33.18 75 0.50 33.18 75 0.50 33.18 100 0.58 33. 25 100 0.58 33.25 26.56 26.61 26. 63 26.62 26.68 7285; 2 April; 43°36' N., 48°52.5' W.; depth 2,286 m.; dynamic height 970.983 0 0.32 3.3.14 0 0.32 33.14 25 0.34 33.13 25 0.34 33. 13 51 0.34 33. 16 50 0.35 33.15 75 0.70 33. 49 75 0.70 33.49 101 1.15 33. 80 100 1.15 33.79 151 2.28 34.30 150 2.27 34.29 202 2.77 34.54 200 2.75 34.52 303 3.41 34.72 300 3.40 34.70 414 3.82 34.83 400 3.80 34.82 637 3.70 34.87 fiOO 3.72 34.86 840 3.61 34. 85 800 3.61 34.84 1,038... 3.55 34.84 1,000... 3.56 34.83 1,526... 3. 55 34.87 1,500... 3.55 34. 86 26. 60 26. 59 26. 02 26. 86 27.08 27.40 27.55 27.60 27.69 27. 72 27. 72 27.71 27. 74 (286; 3 April; 43°19'N'., 48°32' W. 2,834 m.; dynamic height 971.047 depth 0 7.70 34. 55 0 7.70 34.55 21 7.87 34. 54 25 7.88 34.54 42 7.94 34.56 50 7.93 34. 56 62 7.90 34.57 75 7.85 34. 55 83- 7.79 34. 55 100 7.69 34.55 125 7.47 34. 57 150 7.00 34.57 166 7.91 34.58 20U 5.75 34.55 249 4.86 34. 51 300 6.33 34.87 333 6. 60 34.94 40U 5.90 34.94 498 5. 22 34. 95 600 4.62 34.95 665 4. 64 34.97 800 4.30 34.95 841 4.21 34. 96 1,01)0 .. 3.98 34.95 1,040... 3. 95 34.911 l,2.'-.0.._ 3.85 34.90 1,246... 4.84 34.91 l,.')(ll) 3.61 34. 90 1,588... 3.54 :i4. 92 l.7.".l)-_. 3.52 34. 92 1,834... 3. 53 34. 94 ■J. dill) , 3.46 34.94 2,086. . - 3.41 34. 95 1 26. 97 26. 95 26. 96 26. 96 26.98 27.10 27.25 27. 42 27. 54 27. 70 27.73 27. 77 27.74 27.77 27.79 27.81 Station 7287; 3 Aj.ril: 42''54..5' X., 4S°29.5' W.; depth 3,0.''i4 m.; dynamic lioiKiit 971.011 0 4.81 33. 75 0 4.81 33. 75 24 4.83 33. 74 25 4.81 33.74 72 4.44 :«. 91 .5(1 . . 4. 70 33.79 99 .5. 19 31.17! 75 4.43 33.84 150 4. :i9 ■M.:i\ lOI) 5.19 34. 10 200 4.74 34. .58 150 4.39 34.31 299 .5.17 34. 82 200 4.74 34.58 396 5.17 34. 96 300 .5.17 34.81 .588 4.47 34. 97 400.. .. 5.16 34.95 798 4. 20 34. 98 («)0 4.45 34.96 1,107... 3.84 34. 95 800 . 4.19 34.97 1,229... 4. ,53 34. 92 1,01 )!)__. 3.96 34. 95 1,485... 3. .54 34. 97 1 .2.50 . 3.73 34.91 1,663... 3.48 34. 93 1 ,.501) .3.55 34. 96 1,908... 3.38 34, 94 1,7,50_.. 3.42 34. 93 2,156... 3.24 34. 94 2,000. -_ 3.27 34.93 2,404... 3.09 34. 95 2,2,51)... 3.18 34. 94 (2,.500). 3.03 34.94 26.72 26.72 26. 77 26.84 27. 01 27. 21 27. 39 27. 52 27. 64 27.73 27. 77 27.77 27. 76 27.82 27. 81 27.82 27. 84 27.86 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7co Station 7288; 3 April; 42°38.5' N., 48°35' W.; depth 3,283 m.; djTiamic height 970.9S3 0 5.05 33.81 0 5.05 33.81 27 5.05 33.80 25 5.05 33.80 53 6. 65 34.27 50 6.51 34.17 80 5,67 34.32 75 5.82 34. 30 110 5.54 34.32 100 5. .58 34.31 166 6.39 34,77 150 6, 16 34. 66 220 6.21 34.86 200 6,28 34.84 330 5.03 34.87 300 .5,19 34. 86 438 4.85 34.97 400 4,90 34. 95 655 4. 42 34. 98 600 4. ,52 34.97 872 4.00 34. 96 800 4.14 34.96 1,089... 3.79 34.95 1,000... 3.80 34.95 1,318.. 4.38 34.99 1,250... 4.23 34.97 1,592... 3.51 34.94 1,500... 3.81 34.95 1.670... 3.52 34.94 1,750... 3.49 34.93 1.918... 3.43 34.94 2,000... 3.36 34.93 2,169... 3.23 34.94 2,250... 3.17 34.93 2,420... 3.05 34.93 2,500... 2.98 34. 92 2,921... 2.65 34.91 (3,000). 2.60 34.90 26.74 26.74 26. 85 27.05 27. 08 27. 29 27.41 27.56 27.67 27.73 27.76 27.79 27.76 27. 79 27.80 27.81 27.83 27.85 27.86 Station 72,S9; 3 April; 42°17,5' N., 48°36' W.; depth 3,438 m.; dynamic height 970.984 0 5.34 33.87 0 .5.34 33.87 105 .5.20 34.17 25 5.31 33.92 1.58 4.47 34.49 .50 .5.28 34.00 212 4.56 34. 66 75 5. 25 34.07 238 4.88 34.77 100 5. 22 34.15 264 4.91 34.82 150 4. ,56 34.42 290 5.02 34.87 200 4. .53 34.60 317 5.11 34.91 300 5. 04 34.88 526.-... 4.42 34. 92 400 4.84 34. 90 732.-..- 4.07 :-!4, 95 600 ... 4.30 34. 92 941 3. 8J ■ i\ !IJ Slid 3. 98 34.93 1,148... 3. .59 :UI) . . . 3.15 34.94 2,898. . . 2.74 34.93 3,000... 2.59 34.92 3,144... 2.38 34.93 26.61 26.60 26.60 26.62 26.66 26.81 26.85 27.01 27.23 27.55 27.72 27.74 27.77 27.79 27.81 27.82 27.84 27.84 27.88 Station 7295; 5 .\pril; 40°00' X.. 4S°26' W.; depth 4,846 m.; dynamic height 971.420 92 137 182 271 339 470 583 674 801 911 1,630... 1,868-.- 2,106-.- 2,342... 2.820 _.- 1 :-!.2in _■ 17.50 17.50 17. 51 17.46 16.54 15. 85 14.92 13.50 13.14 11. 65 9.05 7.32 6.34 4.98 3.90 3.75 3.60 3.46 3.09 2.83 2.54 36.38 36.38 36.37 36.37 36.18 .36.15 36.02 35.76 35.64 35.68 35. 2C 35. 07 35.11 34.97 34. 9S 34.97 34.97 34.97 34.95 34^93 0 25.-.. 50-... 75 100--. 150.-. 200 -. 300--. 400--. 600... M)n._. 1. 1.2." 1 1 i,.=^oo. 1,750. 2.000- 2.250. 2.500. 3,000. 17.50 17.50 17.49 17.20 16.45 15.60 14.64 13.35 12.50 8.75 6.35 4.85 4.47 4. 08 3.76 3.60 3.50 3.34 2.95 36.38 36.37 36.36 36. 25 36.17 36.11 35. 97 35.70 35.65 35.22 35.10 34. 96 34.97 34.97 34.97 34.96 34.96 34.95 34.94 26.46 26.46 26.45 26.44 26.56 26.71 26.82 26. 88 27.01 27.35 27.60 27.68 27.73 27.78 27.81 27.82 27.83 27.83 27.86 Station 7296; 5 April; 39°27.5' X., 48°26' \V.; depth 5,413 m.; dynamic height 971 .737 0 17.56 36.47 0 17.56 36.47 25 17.56 36.47 25 17.56 36.47 50 17.59 36.47 50 17.59 36.47 75 17.58 36.47 75 17.58 36.47 100 17.59 36.47 100 17.59 36.47 149 17.59 .36. 47 150 17.59 36. 46 199 17.60 36.48 200 17.60 36.47 299 17.60 .36. 481 300 17.60 36.47 395 36. 471 35.86 400 600 17.16 13.90 36.47 35. 81 584 14.24 767 10.25 35.33 800 9.67 35.28 945 7.03 35.11 1,000... 6.27 35.09 1,180... 5.16 35.04 1,250... 5.41 35.01 1,412... 4.28 34.97 1,500... 4.27 34.98 1,.567... 4.25 35.00 1,7.50.-- 4.16 34.98 1,828... 4.13 .34. 99 2,000--- 3.85 34.96 2,056.-- 3.76 34.96 2,250... 3.72 34.97 2,286... 3.70 34.99 2,500 ... 3.51 34.97 2,760--. 3.29 34.96 3,000... 3.12 34.94 3,145... 3.00 3,538--- 2.67 34.93 3,933... 2.44 34.93 26.52 26.52 26.51 26.51 26. 51 26.51 26.52 26.52 26.62 26.85 27.24 27.61 27.66 27.76 27.77 27.79 27.81 27.83 27.85 83 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values j Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity. °/oo Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 7297; 6 April; 38°55.5' N., 48°26' W.; depth 5,321 m.; dynamic height 971.780 0 17.47 36. 45 0 17.47 36. 45 26 17.48 36. 45 25 17.48 36.44 52 17.49 36.44 50 17.48 36. 43 // 17.49 36.44 75 17.48 36. 43 102 17.49 36. 44 100 17.49 36. 43 153 17.49 36.44 150 17.49 3(;. 43 204 17.50 36. 44; 200 17.50 36. 43 306 17.51 36. 44 300 17. 50 36. 43 408 16.96 36. 31 400 16.98 36.31 614 14.28 35.87 600 14.45 35. 89 858 9.34 35.26 800 10. 52 35. 40 1,090... 6. 24 35. 06 1,000.-- 7.45 35.13 1,338. -- 5.08 35. 06 1.2.'J0 .. 5.51 35. 06 1,692... 4.18 35. 02 1,.500 .. 4.68 35.04 1,9:J8.. 3.91 34. 99 1.750... 4.12 35.01 2,183... 3.70 34.98 2,000... 3.84 34. 98 2,430... 3.56 34. 98 2,250 . . 3.66 34. 97 2,922... 3.19 34.97 2,500.-. 3.52 34. 97 3,318... 2.77 3,000 . . . 3.10 34. 96 3,914... 2.41 34.95 26. 52 26.52 26. 51 26. 51 26. 51 26.51 2f). 50 26. .50 26. 54 26. 79 27. 19 27.47 27.68 27.77 27.80 27.81 27. 82 27.83 27. 87 Station 7298; 6 .\pril; .38°26.5' N. 48°28' W.; depth 5,303 m.; dynamic height 971.738 0 26 51 77 102 152 203 305 407 611 816 1,021... 1,282-.- 1,545... 1,721... 1,976... 2,234... 2,493... 2.982... 3,3C)3-.. 3,954... 17.32 36.42 0 17. 32 36.42 17.34 36. 42 25 17.33 36. 41 17.34 36. 42 50 17.33 36. 41 17.31 36. 42 75 17.31 36.41 17.32 36. 42 100 17.32 36.41 17.32 36. 42 150. ... 17. 32 36. 41 17.27 36. 40 200 17.31 36. 40 16. 71 36. 28 300 16.75 36. 28 16.11 36.16 400 16.15 3(5.16 13.69 35.79 600 13. 82 35. 80 9.70 35. 26 800.--.. 9.98 35. 30 6.51 3.5.13 1 ,000 . . 6.85 35. 13 4.76 35. 03 l,2.'-)0 . 4.99 35. 03 4.19 34. 99 1,500 .. 4.31 34. 99 3.99 34. 98 I,7.''i0... 3.92 34.97 3. 79 34.98 2,000... 3.77 34.97 3. 62 34. 97 2,2.')() 3. 61 34.97 3.48 34. 98 2,.'illO 3.48 34. 97 3.10 2. 76 2. 41 34. 96 3,(1(10. .. 3.08 34. 95 34.93 26. 53 26. 53 26. 53 26. 54 26. 53 2(i. 53 26. 53 26. 57 26. 62 26. 86 27. 20 27. 56 27. 72 27! 76 27. 79 27. 81 27. 82 27. 84 Station 7299; 6 .\pril; 37°55' X., 48°27' W.; deptli 5.303 m.; dynamic height 971.726 0 24.... 48-.-. 72.... 96.... 144... 192... 288... 382... 568... 759... 952... 1 ,238 1,490. 1,743. 1,992. 2,241 . 2,491 . 2,988 3,490. 3,979. 17.33 36.45 0 _ 17.33 36. 45 17.35 36. 43 25 17.35 36. 42 17.31 36. 43 50 17.30 3(). 42 17.31 36. 44 75 ... 17.30 36.42 17.28 36. 42 100 17. 29 3(). 42 17.30 36. 42 150 17.29 36.41 17.29 36. 44 200 17.30 36. 43 17.32 36. 43 300 17.31 36.42 17.33 36. 42 400 17.00 36.35 14.18 35. 85 600. .. 13. 52 35. 76 10.37 35. 35 800 9.58 35. 28 6.70 :^.">. 07 1.000 6.41 35. 05 4.91 35. 03 l,2''iO 4. 90 35. 02 4.37 35. 01 1 1 ..'■jOO . 4.36 35. 00 4.01 34. 99 1,7.W .. 3.99 34. 98 3.85 34. 99 2,000 . 3.83 34.98 3. 63 34. 99 2.250. . 3. 62 34. 98 3.48 34.98 2,.'iO0- . 3.48 34.97 3.18 3,000 . 3.17 34.97 2.70 34.98 2.40 26. 56 26. 54 26.55 26. 55 26. 55 26. 54 26. 55 26. 54 26. 57 26. 89 27. 26 27. 56 27.73 27. 77 27. 79 27.81 27.83 27.84 27.87 Observed values Scaled V alues Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. °/oo meters ture, °C. %o Station 7300; 7 .A.pril; 37°22.5' N., 48°25' W.; depth 5.:«)5 m.; dynamic height 971.745 0 17.13 36.39 0 17.13 36.39 25 17.16 36. 39 25 17.16 36.39 50 17.19 36.40 50 17.19 36.39 75 17.17 36. 39 75 17.17 36.39 100 17.18 36. 39 100 17.18 36. 39 150 17.17 36. 39 150... 17.17 36.38 200 17.18 36. 39 200 17.18 36. 38 300 17.18 36. 40 300 17.18 3(). 39 401 16.67 36. 27 400 16.66 36.26 604 13.07 35. 69 600 13.15 35.59 809 9.81 35. 27 800 9.97 35. 28 1,016.-- 6.18 35. 12 1,000-.. 6.48 35. 12 1,443... 4.32 35. 02 1,250-.. 5.17 35.05 1,683.-- 3. 96 35. 00 1,500.-- 4.25 35.00 1,926-.- 3.74 35. 00 1,750.-- 3.90 34.99 2,171--- 3.60 35. 00 2,000..- 3.69 34.99 2,416--. 3.44 35.11 2,2.50-.. 3.55 35.02 3,434... 2. 69 .35.11 2,500.-- 3.39 35.10 3,956--- 2.42 34.96 3,000--- 3.01 35.10 26.56 26.56 26.56 26.56 26.56 26.55 26.55 26.56 26.58 26.83 27.19 27.60 27.72 27.78 27.81 27.83 27.87 27.95 27.99 Station 7301; 7 .\i)ril; .37°28.5' N.; 49°30.5' W.; depth 5,321 m.; ilynaraic height 971.637 0 26-.- 52.-. 77-- 103.. 153_. 205- . 308- . 409.. 613-- 817-. 1,020 1,191 1,413 1,628 1,868 2,110 2,356 2,838 3,329 17.30 36.40 0 17.30 36.40 17.31 36. 39 25 17.31 36.39 17.31 36. 39 50 17.30 36. 39 17.28 36. 39 75 17.28 36.38 17.27 3C). 39 100 17. 27 36. 38 17.27 36. 39 1.50 17.27 36. 38 17.16 36. 36 200 17.17 36.35 16.91 :m\. 31 300 If). 93 36.30 15.62 36. 08 400 15.76 36.09 12.22 35. 57 600 12.44 35. 61 6. 89 35. 09 800 7.33 3.5.12 5.70 35. 09 1,000 -. 5.85 35.08 5.47 35. 10 1,250 .. 5.25 35.08 4.57 35. 02 1,.500 .- 4.36 34.99 4. 05 34.97 1,750... 3.92 34.97 3.79 34. 99 2.000..- 3.71 34.97 3. (i3 34.97 2.2.50..- 3.55 34.96 3.48 34.97 2„500--. 3.38 34. 95 3.14 34.95 3,000--. 3.02 34.94 2. 77 34.94 26. 52 26.52 26. .52 26. 54 26.54 26.54 26.53 26.54 26.66 26. 99 27.48 27.65 27. 73 27. 76 27. 79 27.81 27. 82 27.83 27. 86 Station 7302; 8 ,\pril; 37°58.5' X., 50°16' W.; depth 5,413 m.; dynamic height 971.768 0 17.47 36. 45 0 17.47 36.45 25 17.52 36.44 25 17. .52 36.45 50 17. .52 36. 45 50 17. 52 36. 45 75 17.51 36. 45 75 17.51 3(). 45 100 17.50 36. 44 100 17.50 36.44 150 17.41 36. 43 150 17.41 36.43 201 17.38 36. 42 200 17.38 36.41 302... . 1 7. 30 3(>. 41 300 - . . 17.30 36. 40 401 17.16 36. 37 400 17.16 36.36 600 14.37 35. 87 ()00 14.35 35.87 803 9.87 35. 26 800 9.86 35. 26 1,008. . 6. 36 35. 02 1,000... 6. 53 35. 02 1,214... 5.09 35. 04 1,250... 4.99 35.02 1,461-. 4.42 35. 00 1,.500.. 4. 20 .34. 99 1,712.-. 4.09 34, 97 1,750... 4. 06 34. 96 1,960..- 3.84 34. 97 2,000... 3.81 34.96 2,205-.- 3.69 34.97 2,2.50... 3. 65 34. 96 2,454.-- 3.52 34. 97 2,500-.- 3.49 34.96 2,949--- 3.12 34. 95 3,000 - 3.08 34.94 3,448... 2.73 34.93 26. .52 26.51 26.51 26.51 26.50 26.52 27.77 27.80 27.81 27.83 27.85 84 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 7303; 8 April; 38°28.5' N.; 50°22.5' W.; depth 5,394 m.; dynamic height 971.766 0 17.66 36.48 0 17.66 36.48 26 17.66 36.48 25 17.06 36.47 52 17.67 36.48 50 17.66 36.47 78 17.67 36.49 75 17.66 36. 48 104 17.65 36.49 100 17.66 36.48 155 17.66 36.49 150 17.66 36.48 206 17. 56 36.47 200 17.57 36.46 310 17.45 36.45 300 17.46 36.44 414 17.41 36.43 400 17.42 36.42 622 14.13 35. 81 600 14.45 35. 86 828 9.53 35.21 800 9.70 35.28 1,033--- 6. 40 35.10 1,000.-- 6.42 35. 11 1,230--- 5.24 35.10 1,250--- 5.15 35.08 J,476--- 4.27 35.00 1,500--- 4.25 34.99 1,721... 4.13 35.01 1,750--- 4.10 34.99 1,968--- 3.84 34.98 2,000--- 3.81 34.97 2,218-.. 3.65 34.97 2,250--- 3.65 34.96 2,468- __ 3.46 34.99 2,500- - - 3.43 34.96 2,964-.. 3.07 34.96 3,000--- 3.05 34.95 3,462... 2.68 34.94 3,961... 2.38 34.92 26.49 26.49 26.49 26. 50 26.50 26.50 26.51 26. 52 26.52 26.77 27.24 27.60 27.74 27.77 27.79 27.80 27. 81 27. 83 27.86 Station 7304; 8 April; 38°58' N., 50°18.5' W.; depth 5,394 m.; dynamic height 971.683 0 18.03 36.49 0 18.03 36. 49 24 18.03 36.49 25 18. 03 36.48 49 18.03 36.49 50 18. 02 30.48 73 18. 02 36.50 75 18. 01 36.49 971 18.01 36.50 100 18.00 36.49 145 17.80 36.49 150 18.00 36.48 194 17.78 36.50 200 17.95 36.49 291 17.57 36.47 300 17.45 36.44 385 16.46 36. 21 400 16. 20 36.16 570 12.95 35.67 600 12.20 35. 56 758 8.30 35.11 800 7.69 35. 08 946 5.58 35.02 1,000--- 5.43 35. 00 1,258--- 4.62 34.95 1,250--- 4.67 34.95 1,470--- 4. 36 35.01 1,500--- 4.32 35.00 1,702--- 4. 00 34.99 1,750--- 3.95 34.98 1,950--- 3.77 34.97 2.000--- 3.74 34.97 2,198--- 3.61 34.98 2,250--- 3.58 34.97 2,445--. 3.45 34.97 2,500--. 3.42 34.96 2,931 - . . 3.10 34.95 3,000--- 3.05 34.94 3.411... 2.70 26. 42 26. 42 26.42 26. 43 26.43 26.42 26. 44 26. .53 26. 61 27. 00 27.41 27. 64 27.70 27. 77 27.79 27. 81 27.83 27. 83 27.85 Station 7305; 9 April; 39°28.5' X., 50°15' W.; depth 5,449 m.; djTiamic height 971.400 0 25..-. 50.... 74-... 99.... 148..- 197... 296..- 392-.. 584-.. 781... 980.-- 1,212- 1,600- 1,750- 2,000- 2,247- 2,496- 2,991- 3,482. 3,974. 17.41 36.36 0 17.41 36.36 17.42 36.36 25 17.42 36.36 17.36 36.35 50 17.36 36.35 17.27 36.33 75 17.26 36. 32 17.08 36.32 100 17.07 36.31 15.79 36.04 150 15.80 36. 02 14.84 35.88 200 14.78 35.86 12.59 35.48 300 12.55 35.47 11.72 35.48 400 11.55 35.45 7.56 35.04 600 7.39 35.03 5.44 34.99 800 5.36 34.98 4.69 34.99 1,000... 4.65 34. 98 4.31 34.99 1,250... 4.30 34.98 3.87 34.97 1,500... 4.02 34.96 3.75 34.96 1,750... 3.74 34.95 3.61 34.97 2,000-.. 3.61 34.96 3.47 34.96 2,250- . - 3.45 34.95 3.32 34.96 2,500. . . 3.31 34.95 2.99 34.95 3,000... 3.00 34.94 2.62 34.94 2.40 34.94 26.47 26.47 26.47 26. 48 26. 52 26. 60 26.70 26.87 27.04 27.41 27.63 27. 72 27.75 27.77 27.79 27.82 27. 82 27.84 27.86 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Sealed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 7306; 9 .A.pril; 39°59.5' N., .50°17' W.; depth 5,394 m.; dynamic height 971.242 0 26 51 77 103 153 205 308 410 605 816 1,015... 1,114... 1,386... 1,562... 1,800... 2,043... 2,291... 2,766... 3,248... 3,732... 14.07 35.83 0 14.07 35.83 14.05 35. 82 25 14.05 35.81 14.07 35. 82 50 14.06 35.81 14.04 35.82 75 14.03 35.81 13. 95 35.81 100 13.95 35.80 13.83 35. 81 150 13.85 35.80 13.32 35.67 200 13.37 35.68 12.16 35.52 300 12. 25 35.53 8.70 35.09 400 9.10 35.12 4.74 34.84 600 4.83 34.83 4.80 34.99 800 4.80 34.97 4.05 34.94 1,000... 4.12 34.94 4.31 35. 00 1,250--- 4.23 34.99 4.12 34. 99 1,500--- 3.95 34.96 3.89 34. 96 1,750.-- 3.75 34. 95 3.73 34. 96 2,(M)0..- 3.64 34.95 3.59 34.96 2,250. . - 3.50 34.96 3.45 34.97 2,500... 3.28 34.95 3.06 34.96 3,000.-- 2.87 34.93 2.66 34.90 2.36 34.91 26.82 26.82 26.82 26.82 26.83 26.85 26.86 26.97 27.22 27.58 27.70 27.75 78 27.78 27.79 27.80 27.83 27.84 27.86 Station 7307; 9 April; 40°29' N., 50°15' W. m.; dynamic height 971.107 depth 3,695 0 23 45 70 93 139.... 185 278.... 372 562 758-... 960.... 1,140.. 1,388. . 1,642.. 1,888.. 2,138.. 2,389.. 2,889. . 3,394.. 7.76 33.95 0 7.76 33.95 7.83 34.06 25 7.85 34.08 8.70 34. 42 50 8.85 34.48 9.57 34. 76 75 9.77 34.80 10. 20 34.98 100 10.23 35.01 10.04 35.08 150 9.88 35.07 9.01 35.01 200 8.60 34.96 6.11 34.69 300 5.80 34.64 4.75 34.66 400 4.72 34.68 4.62 34. 90 600 4.55 34.90 4.33 34.94 800 4.27 34.94 4.06 34.97 1,000... 4.08 34.96 4.06 34.98 1.250... 3.94 34.96 3.74 34.96 1,500-.. 3.72 34.95 3.68 34.96 1,750--. 3.60 34.95 3.48 34. 96 2.000-.- 3.41 34.95 3.33 34. 95 2,250... 3.25 34.94 3.22 34.95 2,500-.- 3.11 34.94 2.74 34.94 3,000... 2.65 34.93 2.26 34.91 26.49 26.59 26.75 26.86 26.94 27.04 27. 17 27.31 27.47 27.67 27.73 27.77 27.78 27.80 27.81 27. 83 27.83 27.85 27.88 Station 7308; 9 April; 41°02.5' \'., 50°11' W.; depth 3,475 m.; dynamic height 971.113 0 26 53 79 106--- 158.--. 211..-. 317.-- 418.--. 614.--. 821.--. 1,031-- 1,188-- 1,428-- 1,672-- 1,916-- 2,162.. 2,354.. 2,981... 10.29 34.73 0 10.29 34.73 10.25 34.72 25 10.25 34.71 10.48 34.88 50 10.45 34.86 11.19 35.19 75 11.07 35.13 11. 64 35.07 100 11.55 35.09 8.31 34.81 150 8.87 34.85 6.89 34.67 200 7.23 34.69 6.68 34.81 300 6.72 34.78 5.95 34.95 400 6.08 34.92 5.11 35.00 600 5.15 34.99 4.47 34.99 800 4.52 34.98 4.18 34.97 1,000-. - 4.23 34.96 4.02 34. 96 1,2,^0-.. 4.15 34.95 3.74 34.95 1,500--. 3.70 34.94 3.61 34. 951 I,7.=i0-.. 3.56 34.94 3.49 34. 94 ■_'.()( 10 3.44 34.93 3.35 34. 94 L'.'-'.iO. . - 3.31 34.94 3.28 34. 96 2, .500... 3.15 34.94 2.74 34.93 3,000... 2.70 34.92 26.70 26.70 26. 78 26.88 26.76 27.04 27.16 27.30 27.50 27.67 27. 73 27.75 27.75 27.79 27.80 27.81 27.83 27.84 27.87 85 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 7309; 10 April; 41°22.5' N., 50°10' W.; depth 3,731 m.; dynamic height 971.141 0 26...- 52.... 78—. 104... 155... 207... 311... 374... 501... 694... 901. - 1,252. 1,503. 1,754. 2,006. 2,261. 2,514. 3,012. 3,507. 11.26 35. 15 0 11.26 35.15 11.30 35.15 25 11.30 35.14 11.53 35. 21 50 11.51 35.19 11. 59 35. 27 75 11.56 35. 25 11.02 35. 10 100 11.14 35.17 11.05 35. 23 150 10.40 35. 21 8.47 34. 89 200 8.75 34. 92 6.81 34.80 300 7.00 34.80 8.43 34.94 400 7.81 34.95 5.78 35, 00 600 5.22 34.98 4.69 34. 98 800 4.48 34.97 4.27 34. 97 1,000... 4.20 34.96 3.94 34. 9(i 1,250... 3.96 34.95 3.72 34. 96 1,500 .. 3.75 34. 95 3.53 34. 94 1,750... 3.55 34.93 3.40 34. 94 2,(100... 3.40 34.93 3. 23 34. 92 2,250 .. 3.23 34. 92 3.04 34. 94 2,.'"i(l0... 3.05 34.93 2.58 34. 93 3,000... 2.60 34.92 2.26 34. 90 26. 86 26. 85 26. 85 26. 89 26.90 27.07 27.12 27. 28 27. 28 27. 65 27. 73 27. 76 27. 70 27.79 27.79 27. 81 27. 82 27.84 27.88 Station 7310; 10 Ajjril; 41°44.5' X., 50°07.5' W.; depth 3,585 m.; dynamic height 971.104 0 25 50 75 100.... 150.... 201.. .. 302.... 400..-. 597...- 799.--. 1,004-. 1,136-. 1,362-. 1,597-. 1,836-. 2,079... 2,324... 2,799... 3,181... 8.74 34. 36 0 8.74 34. 36 8. 99 34. 42 25 8.99 34.43 11.65 35.25 50 11. 65 35. 25 12. 68 35. 51 75 12.68 35.51 11.77 35. 32 100 11.77 35.32 10.18 35. 13 150 10.18 3.5. 13 8.53 34. 95 200 8.55 34.95 6.41 34. 80 300 6.45 34.80 5.78 34. 91 400 5.77 34.90 4.97 34. 90 600 4.93 34.89 3.98 34. 91 800 3.98 34.90 4.03 34. 96 1,000... 4.05 34.95 3.96 34. 95 1,2.50... 3.91 34.94 3.84 34.94 1,.500... 3.75 34.94 3.67 34. 95 1,7.'')0-.. 3. 60 34.93 3.52 34. 9H '-'.(1(10 .. 3.40 34.92 3.32 3t.9L' ■-!.'J.">(I .. 3.25 34.92 3.18 34. 92 ■J,."ilKI . 3.05 34. 92 2.79 34. 92 3,000... 2.35 34. 91 2.41 34. 92 26. 67 26. 69 26. 86 26. 87 26.89 27.03 27.17 27.36 27.53 27. 62 27.73 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.79 27.81 27.82 27.84 27. 89 Station '311; 10 April; 42°09' N.; 50°06' W. 3,091 m.; dynamic height 971.020 depth 0 3. 06 33.41 0 3.06 33.41 23 3.09 33. 45 25 3.25 33.52 46 6. 43 34. 25 50 6.70 34. 29 69 7. 66 34. 57 75 7.60 34. 55 92 6.83 34. .52 100 6.60 34. 50 137 5.28 34.47 150 4.87 34.43 183 3.50 34.34 200 3.90 34.44 275 5. 64 34. 84 300 5.54 34. 85 364 5.26 34. 90 400 5.14 34. 90 538 4.69 34. 95 600 4.57 34. 94 732 4.:« 34. 95 800 4.23 34.94 936 4.00 34. 95 1,000... 3.95 34.94 1,166... 3.72 34. 93 1,250... 3.70 34. 92 1,410... 3. .58 34. 92 1,500... 3.55 34. 91 1,658.-. 3.48 34.92 1,750... 3.45 34.91 1,902... ;i4i 34. 93 2,000... 3.35 34. 92 2,150... 3.30 2,250... 3.25 34. 92 2,400... 3.14 34.93 2,500... 3.00 34. 92 2,892... 2.64 34. 92 3,000.-. 2.57 34.91 26. 63 26. 71 26. 92 27. 00 27. 10 27.26 27.37 27. 51 27. 60 27.70 27. 74 27. 76 27. 78 27. 78 27. 79 27.81 27. 82 27.85 27.87 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 7312; 10 April; 42°31' N., 50°03.5' W.; deptli 2,195 m., dynamic height 971.041 0 1.07 33.25 0 1.07 33. 25 23 1.00 33. 32 25 1.00 33.31 47 1.00 33.30 50 1.00 33. 30 70 0.86 33. 32 75 0.85 33. 36 94 0.86 33.55 100 0.92 33.57 140 1.29 33.90 150 1.40 33.94 186 1.81 34.13 200 1.96 34.17 280 2. 66 34.49 300 2.92 34.53 375 3.80 34.72 400 3.93 34.75 570 4.79 34. 95 600 4.70 34.94 772 4.26 34. 94 800 4.23 34.92 1,226... 3. 86 34.93 1,000... 4.08 34.92 1,479... 3.72 34.93 1,250.-. 3.86 34.92 1,735... 3.58 34. 92 1,500.-. 3.70 34. 92 1,984... 3.55 34.93 1,750... 3.55 34.91 2,000--. 3.55 34.92 2(i. '.iJ 27. l^ 27.78 27.78 27.79 Station 7313; 10 April; 42°58.5' N.; 50°01.5' W.; depth 344 m.; dynamic height 971.056 0 1.48 33.10 0 1.48 33.10 25 1.45 33.09 25 1.45 33.09 50 1.35 33.14 50 1.35 33.14 75 1.02 33.26 75 1.02 33.26 100 2. 06 33.57 100 2.06 33.57 150 2.87 34.17 150 2.87 34.17 200 2.59 34.24 200 2.59 34.24 300 3.38 34.56 300 3.38 34.56 26.50 26. 50 26.55 26. 66 26. 85 station 7314; 10 April; 43°11.5' N., 50°00' W.: 110 m.; dynamic height 971.065 dei'il 0 1.78 33. 01 0 1.78 33.01 27 1.64 33.05 25 1.64 33.04 53 1.27 33.18 50 1.30 33. 16 80 1.29 33.33 75 1.25 33.29 2fi, tl 2(i. 1.-, 26. 57 26.67 7315: 10 April; 43°45' N., 50°03.5' W.; dci)th 68 m.; dynamic height 971.054 0 2.54 32.63 0 2.54 32.63 27 2.44 32.64 25 2.45 32.63 54 1.91 32.86 50 2.00 32.82 26. 05 26.06 26. 25 Station 7316; 11 April; 43°17.5' N., 50°40' W.; depth 90 m.; dynamic height 971.066 0 2.65 33. 01 0 2. 65 33.01 24 - 2.29 33.11 25 2. :ii) 33. 10 49 Z 39 ;«. 17 50 2.40 33. 16 73 2.01 33. 51 75 2.00 33.51 26.35 26. 45 26. 49 26. 81 Station 7317; 11 April; 43°11' N., 50°48.5' W.; dejjth 106 m.; dynamic height 971.047 3 3.76 33. 49 0 3.76 33.49 20 4. 35 33.70 25 4.30 33.70 39 4.14 33.72 50 4. 50 33.85 58 4.81 33. 99 75 5.30 34. 03 78 5.40 34.18 100 5.85 34.11 117 6.25 34.47 26. 62 26. 75 26.84 26. 89 26. 89 86 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Obser ved values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- epth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, leters ture, 0/ meters ture, °C. °/oo station 7318; 11 April; 43°08' X., 50°52.5' \V.; depth 631 m.; dynamic height 971.050 0 4.40 33.59 0 4.40 33.59 26.64 25 5.01 33.86 25 5.01 33.86 26.79 50 5. 69 34.05 50 5.69 34.05 26.85 76 8.03 34. 62 75 8.05 34.62 26.99 101 9.12 34.86 100 9.10 34.85 27.00 152 7.60 34.69 150 7.70 34. 69 27.09 202 7.25 34.80 200 7.25 34.78 27.23 303 5.26 34.76 300 5.35 34.75 27. 46 404 3.72 34.71 400 3.80 34.70 27.59 606 3.72 34.81 600 3.70 34.79 27.67 Station 7319; 11 April; 42°58' N., 51°05.5' W.; depth 1,481 m.; dynamic height 971.080 6.59 6.89 7.40 8.46 8. 10 5.08 3.73 3.17 3.13 4.51 4.45 3.71 3.62 34.16 34.36 34. 52 34.78 34.75 34.34 34.21 34. 23 34.40 34.79 34.95 34.88 0 25_._. 50-_ 75— 100.- 150.- 200.. 300.- 400- . 600.- 800- - 1,000 6.59 6. 90 7.50 8.40 7.75 4.85 3.65 3.15 3.25 4.50 4.35 3.75 34.16 34. 30 34.53 34.77 34.71 34.31 34.20 34. 25 34.44 34.89 34.92 34.88 26.82 26. 95 26.99 27.05 27. 10 27.17 27.21 27.29 27.43 27.66 27.71 27. 73 Station 7320; 11 .\pril; 42°46.5' N., 51°21' W.; depth 2,012 m.; dynamic height 971.058 3.00 33.37 0 3.00 33.37 6.09 34.11 25 6.10 34. 11 6.16 34.20 50 6.20 34.22 O.fll 34.35 75 6.50 34.34 6.15 34.35 100 5.90 34.31 4.47 34.22 150 4.55 34.25 4.85 34. 35 200 4.75 34. 36 4.32 34.49 300 4.45 34.54 4.99 34.75 400 4.95 34.77 4.91 34.94 600 4.80 34.93 4.51 34. 96 800 4.50 34.95 4.43 34.96 1,000... 4.40 34.95 3.72 34.94 26.60 26.86 26.93 26. 98 27.04 27.15 27. 22 27.39 27.52 27.66 27.71 27.72 Station 7,321; 11 April; 42°21' N.; 51°35' W.; doi)th 3,237 m.; djaiamic height 971.013 5.45 33.49 0 5.45 33.49 5.24 33.53 25 5.20 33. 52 5.16 33.54 50 5.10 33.67 4.98 33.94 75 4.90 34.10 4.93 34.23 100 4.90 34. 24 4.91 34.25 150 4.60 34.38 4.32 34.51 200 4.50 34.59 4.83 34.76 300 4.90 34.82 4.94 34.90 400 4.80 34.91 4.53 34.95 600 4.35 34.93 4. 11 34.94 800 4.10 34.93 4.05 34.94 1,000--. 3.95 34.93 3.70 34.94 26.44 26. 51 26.64 26.99 27. 10 27. 25 27. 42 27.57 27. 65 27.71 27.74 27.75 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- tm'e, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Station 7322; 11 April; 42°10' X., 50°52' W.; depth 3,292 m.; d>-namic height 971.047 0 5.68 33.46 0 5.68 33.46 25 5.90 33.52 25 5.90 33.52 50 5.77 33.69 50 5.77 33. 69 75 7.17 34.23 75 7.17 34. 23 100 9.17 34.84 100 9.17 34.84 148 7.30 34.67 150 7.25 34.74 198 6.26 34.67 200 6.25 34. 66 298 5.18 34.75 300 5.15 34.74 397 5.66 35.01 400 5.65 35. 00 597 4.47 34.98 600 4.45 34.97 798 4.25 34.97 800 4.25 34.96 1,003--. 3.88 34.94 1,000..- 3.90 34.94 1,513-.. 3.66 34.95 26.39 26.41 26.56 26.80 26.98 27.20 27.27 27.47 27.62 27.74 27.75 27.77 Station 7323; 12 .\pril; 41°59.5' N., 49°32' W.; depth 3,127 m.; dynamic height 971.112 0 11.16 35.09 0 11.16 35.09 24 11.21 35.09 25 11.20 35. 08 47 11.59 35.26 50 11.60 35. 25 71 11.73 35.33 75 11.80 35.35 95 12. 29 35.49 100 12.30 35.48 142 12.37 35. 50 150 12.25 35.47 190 11. 62 35. 38 200 -. 11.25 35.32 285 7.49 :-u,ss H(H) -.- 7.30 34.87 381 5.99 ■Si n:. IIHI 5.90 34.85 577 4.76 :-tt. !i4 (Kill 4.70 34.94 777 4.08 34.94 800 4.05 34.93 982 3.68 34.91 1,000--. 3.70 34.90 1,491--- 3.66 34.93 26.83 26.82 26.88 26.92 26.92 26.93 27. 00 27.30 27.47 27.68 27.74 27.76 Station 7324; 12 April; 41°36' N., 47°17.5' W.; depth 4,280 m.; dynamic height 971.309 0 15.08 35.96 0 15.08 35.96 22 15.12 35.98 25 15.10 35.97 45 15.14 35.98 50 15.10 35.98 67 15.11 35.98 75 15.05 35.98 90 15.05 35.99 100 15.00 35. 98 134 14.77 35.99 150 14.60 35.97 179 14.31 200 14.20 35.96 269 13.80 35.90 300 13.15 35.78 414 10.66 35.34 400 10.95 35.39 620 6.98 35. 05 600 7.35 35.07 826 5.56 35.07 800 5.50 35. 05 1,035... 5-. 04 35.10 1,000..- 5.15 35.08 1,555--- 3.89 34.99 26.71 26.72 26. 72 26. 73 26. 74 26.83 26.90 26.98 27.11 27.45 27.67 27.74 Station 7325; 12 April; 41°58.5' N., 47°54' W.; depth 3,932 m.; dynamic height 971.176 0 11.98 35.28 0 11.98 35.28 20 11.96 35.27 25 11.95 35. 26 40 11.95 35.26 50 12.05 35. 31 61 12.18 35.38 75 11.80 35.30 81 11.69 35. 29 100 11.95 35. 36 121 12.28 35.46 150 12.30 35.47 161 12.33 35.49 200 11.55 35. 40 242 10.76 35.32 300 9.20 35.12 319 8.70 35.08 400 7.75 35.07 471 6.96 35. 08 600 5.70 35.00 618 5.50 35.00 800 4.25 34.92 790 4.27 34.93 1,000--. 4.00 34.91 1,252--- 3.69 34.90 26.82 26. 82 26.84 26.88 26.90 26.92 27.00 27.20 27.39 27.61 27.72 27.74 87 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Scaled ^ 'alues Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, l)c .Ih, I)cra- ity, meters ture, °C. /oo nil Icrs ture, °C. 7oo station 732(i; 13 April: 42°22.5' N., 48°30' W 2,475 rn.; dynamic height 971.011 . 7'.l 27, I'l 27. :v.i 27. 17 27. ,"i8 27. (;4 i 27.72 i 27, 7.^1 27, 7(i I 7331: 14 April; 42°37' N., 46°51' W.; depth 4,114 III.; dynamic height 971.180 0 13.88 35.77 0 13.88 35. 77 26 13.95 35.78 25 13.95 35.77 51 13. 95 35.77 50 13.95 35.77 77 . 13.95 35.78 75 13. 95 35. 77 102 13. 86 35.77 100 13.85 35. 76 155 12.67 35.56 150 12.75 35. 57 206 11.12 35. 32 200 11.35 35.34 308 8.64 35. 04 300 8.80 35. 05 361 6.38 34. 71 400 6.10 34.74 535 5.24 34.88 600 .5. 15 34.91 703 4.94 34.97 800 4.70 34.96 890 4.44 34.96 1,000... 4.30 34.95 1,379... 3. 76 34.95 21'.. M 2(1. M 2(1. SI 2(1. M 2(1. S2 2(1, '.U 2(1. 'I'.l 27. .■(.'i 27. (11 27, 711 7332; 14 .\pril; 42°23' N.. 46°11' W.; depth 4,663 m.; dynamic height 971.500 0 1,5.42 26 15.42 52 15.42 78 15.43 104 15.21 1,57 14.32 209..... 14.80 313 14.84 348 13. 95 585 11.32 700 8. n 987 6.54 1,366-.. 4. .53 36 10 3t) 10 36 10 36 10 36 06 35 90 36 06 36.071 35 81 3.5.431 35 35 12 3.5.05 0.... 25... .50... 75. . . 100.. 1.50.. 200.. 300.. 400.. 600.. 800.. 1,000 1.5.42 15.40 1.5.40 15.40 15.25 14.45 14.75 14.85 13.35 11.00 7.65 6.50 36. 10 36.09 36. 09 36.09 36.06 35.91 36. 03 36.06 35.72 35.39 35.13 35.11 26. 74 26.74 26.74 26.74 26.75 26. 81 26.84 26.85 26.90 27.10 27.44 27.59 .Station 7333; 14 April; 42°44' N., 45°43.5' W.; depth 4,572 m. 0.. 26. 52- 78. 104 1.56 208 312 1.5.09 15.01 14.97 14.91 14.85 14.35 14.75 13. 92 36. 05 0 1.5.09 36. 02 25 15.00 36. 02 50 14.95 36. 01 75 14.90 35. 99 100 14.85 35.89 1,50..... 14.40 36. 03 200 14.65 35.86 300 14.05 36.05 36.02 36.01 36.00 35.99 35.90 35.99 35.87 88 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Scaled values Oljserved values Sealed values Tem- SaUn- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity. Depth, pera- ity, at Depth, pera- ity. Depth, pera- ity, m- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- itv, meters ture, °C. °i meters ture, °C. 7oc Station 7342: 16 April; 44°12.5' N., 49°08.5' W, 108 m.; dynamie lieight 971.118 depth 0 0.01 33. 06 0 0.01 33. 06 26. 56 %') 0.04 33.11 25 0.04 33.11 26. 59 51 0.31 33.41 50 0. 25 33. 40 26.83 76 0.36 33. 41 75 0.35 33. 40 26.82 101 0.37 33.42 100 0. 35 33.41 26. 83 152 0.43 33. 45 150 0.40 33.43 26. 84 Station 7343: 16 Ai)ril: 44°13.5' N., 49°14' AV.; depth 84 ni.: dviiainic hcitihl 971.124 0 0.04 33. 10 0 0.04 33.10 25 0.13 33.17 25 0.13 33.17 49 0.17 33. 20 50 0.15 33.19 74 0.22 33.30 75 0.20 33.29 26. 58 26. 64 26. 66 26. 73 Station 7344: 16 April: 44°1S' X., 49°31' W.; depth 55 in.: dviianiic hcit;ht 971.131 0.58 33.04 0 0.58 33. 04 0.61 33.07 25 0.61 33. 07 0.59 33.07 50 0.59 33.07 26. 51 26. 53 26. 53 Station 7345; 16 April; 4,5°0I' N.. 49°32' W. 71 ni.; dynamic licight 971.131 depth 0... 25. _ 51 -. 0.22 0.25 0.17 32.98 32. 99 33.15 0, 25 50 0.22 0. 25 0.20 32.98 32. 99 33.13 26. 48 26. 49 26. ()1 Station 73411: Ki A|iiil: 14°."ir,..'-)' \., 49°03' \V. 91 m.; dynamie heiglit 971.123 •pth 0 0.03 33. 05 0 0.03 33. 05 25 0.03 33. 22 25 0.03 33. 22 50 0. 06 33.23 50 0. 06 33.23 75 0.07 33.25 75 0.07 33.25 26. 55 26. 69 26. 69 26.71 Station 7;«7: 16 April; 44°55' N.. 4S°.54' \V 612 m.; dynande heisjld. 971.()ii8 dc|.lh 0... 24.. 48_- 72,. 96.. 144. 192. 287. 383. 0.14 0.0 -t 0.02 0.25 0.68 1.16 i,:« 1.40 3.74 33. 13 33.12 33. 19 33. 43 33. 67 33.84 33. 93 33.97 34.44 34.85 0.- 25 . _ _ 50 _ _ 75 100, _ 150.. 200. _ 300. . 400. (600) 0.14 0. 05 0. 05 0. 35 0. 75 1.20 i.:^o 1.50 2.30 3. 95 33.13 33.11 33.20 33. 46 33. (i8 33. 84 33. 92 34. 02 34.47 34.89 26. 60 26. 60 2f). ()8 26. 87 27. 02 27.12 27. 18 27. 25 27. 55 27.72 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. 7oo station 7348; 16 April; 44°52.5' N., 48°39' W.: 1,628 m.; dynamic height 970.943 depth 0- 2.11 33. 56 0 2.11 33.56 25 2.09 33.61 25 2.09 33.61 50 2.15 33.87 50 2,15 33.87 75 2.35 33.98 75 2.35 33.98 100 2.36 34.19 100 2.36 34.19 149 2.66 34.45 150 2.65 34.44 199_.--- 3.00 34. 58 200 3.00 34. 57 299 4.23 34.83 300 4.20 34.82 392 3.79 34. 80 400....- 3.75 34.79 587 3.64 34.84 600 3.65 34.83 780 3.59 :}4. 81 800 3.60 34.86 985 3. 55 34.88 1,000... 3.55 34.87 1,517... 3.50 34.87 26. 83 26.87 27. 07 27.14 27. 30 27.49 27. 57 27. 65 27.66 27. 70 27.74 27. 75 Station 7349; 16 April; 44°48' N., 48°23' W.; deptli 2,560 m.; dynamic height 970.942 0 2.10 33.40 0 2.10 33. 40 23 2.07 33.39 25 2.10 33.40 45 1.92 33.73 50 1.95 33.77 68 2.15 33.98 75 2.25 34.02 91 2.39 34.18 100 2.75 34.25 135 3.93 34. 59 150 3.95 34.61 180 4.01 34. 68 200 4.15 34.69 271 4.49 300 4.45 34.79 406 4,23 34. 90 400 4.20 34.89 609.---. 3,77 34.89 600 3.80 34.88 812 3,68 34. 90 800 3.70 34.89 1,014-.- 3,55 34.90 1,000--- 3.60 34.89 1,521--- 3,44 34.91 26. 70 26. 71 27.01 27. 19 27.33 27. 50 27. 54 27. 59 27. 70 27.73 27. 75 27. 76 Station 7350; 16 April; 44°40.5' N., 47°54' W.; depth 3,383 m.; dynamic height 970.916 0 2.23 33. 38 0 2.23 33.38 15 2.24 33. 36 25 2.25 33.40 29 2.26 33.41 50 2.00 33.81 44 2.01 33.78 75 2.05 34.10 58 1.92 33.91 100 2.75 34. 40 88 2.12 150 4.45 34. 72 117 3.72 34. 66 200 4.90 34.81 175 5.03 34,81 300 4.30 34.86 365 4.14 34, 90 400 3.70 34.89 552 3.77 34. 89 600 3.85 34.90 743 3.99 34. 94 800.---. 3.90 34.93 943 3.76 34.93 1,000-.- 3.80 34,92 1,464... 3.53 34. 93 26.67 26. 70 27.04 27.27 27, 45 27. 54 27. 56 27.66 27. 75 27.74 27. 76 27. 77 Station 7351; 17 April; 44°39.5' X., 47°17' W.; depth 3,804 m.; dynamic height 970.938 0.... 27... 53... 80... 106.. 160.. 212.- 318.. 405.. 609.. 816.- 1,026 1,556 2.52 2.55 2.96 2.85 2.45 2.70 2.92 5. 03 4. 60 3. 96 :i. 80 3.79 3.48 33.71 33.71 33. 86 34.04 34.17 34.41 34. 76 34. 94 34.93 34. 90 34. 89 34. 92 34. 92 0 25... 50... 75 -_ 100.. 150.- 200 - 300. . -400.- 600. . 800. . 1,000 2.52 2.55 2.90 2. 90 2, 50 2,65 2,85 4.65 4. 60 4. 00 3.80 3.80 33.71 33.70 33.83 34.00 34.15 34.36 34.68 34.90 34.92 34.89 34.88 34.91 26. 91 26.91 26. 98 27.12 27. 27 27. 43 27. 66 27. 6t) 27. 68 27. 72 27! 73 90 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Saliii- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. 7co Station 7352; 1 May; 45°16' N., 47°n3' W.; depth 3,228 m.; dynamic height 970.97(5 0.--- 2()^-- 53--- 78--- 105_- 157.- 2()9_- 314__ 3fil_- 541 _- 721 __ 921 _- 1,382 5.37 34.08 0 5.37 34.08 5.38 34. 175 25 5.40 34.18 5. .59 34. 25 50 5.55 34.25 6.31 34. 445 75 6.20 34.42 5.73 34.44 100 5.85 34.44 5. ()1 34.68 150 5.65 34.64 5.74 34. 805 200 5.70 34.78 3.4(> 34.70 300 3.75 34.71 3.68 34. 775 400 3.75 34.80 4.03 34. 895 600 4. 00 34.89 3.96 34.89 800 4. 05 34. 90 3.73 34.91 1,000..- 4. 20 34.91 3.64 34.93 26.92 27.00 27.04 27.09 27. 15 27.33 27.43 27. 60 27. 67 27.72 27.72 27. 72 Station 7353; 2 May; 4.5°15' X., 47°45' W.; depth 2,743 m.; dynamic lieight 970.970 0 4.95 34.03 0 4.95 34.03 25 4.89 34.03 2^ 4.89 34.03 52 4.86 34.02 50 4.85 34. 02 77 4.88 34.19 75 4.90 34.17 103 4.77 100 4.80 34.25 1.54 4.59 34.41 150 4.60 34.40 206 4.08 34.61 200 4.15 34. .59 309 3.92 34.71 300 3.95 34.70 369 3.89 34.77 400.-.-- 3.90 34.79 .551___._ 3.86 34. 875 600 3.8(1 34.88 731..... 3.69 34.89 800 3.65 34.89 917_.-.- 3.58 34. 895 1,000--- 3. 55 34. 90 1,400... 3.32 34.915 26. 93 26. 94 26.94 27. 05 27.12 27. 26 27. 46 27. 57 27. 65 27. 73 27. 75 27. 77 Station 7354; 2 May; 45°31' X., 48°06' W.; depth 1,335 m.; dynamic height 971.045 0 -0.51 32. 88 0 -0.51 32.88 24 -0.60 32.90 25 -0. 60 32.92 48 -0. 62 33.18 50 -0.50 33.20 72 0.71 33.48 75 1.10 33. 56 96 4.87 34. 10 100 4.90 34.11 143 5.16 34. 205 150 5.15 34. 21 192 4.91 34. 295 200 4.90 34.32 288 5.01 34. 76 300 4.75 34.74 3.58 3.30 34, Cii; 4(10 3.40 34.71 537 3.78 3t M. i;nii 3.75 34.86 716 3.68 31. s.'. Mid 3.65 34.87 901 3.62 34. S9 1,000-.- 3.60 34.89 1,202... 3.52 34.88 26.44 26.47 26. 70 26. 90 27.00 27.05 27.17 27. 52 27. 64 27.72 27.74 27. 76 Station 7355; 2 May; 45°37' X., 4S°13' W.; depth 040 m.; dynamic height 971.131 0 -0. 42 32.72 24 -0.43 32.72 48 -0. 52 32. 74 71 -0. 85 32. 98 95 -0.48 33. 21 142 0.24 33.48 190 0.70 33.64 2S5 3.12 34.18 364 2.51 34.42 502 3.71 34.78 0.-, 25- 50- 75-, 100 150 200 300 400 500 -0. 42 32. 72 -0.45 32 72 -0.55 32. 75 -0. 80 33.01 -0. 45 33.23 0.30 33. 50 0.95 33.70 3.05 34.22 2.85 34.51 3.70 34.77 26.31 26.31 26.34 26. 56 26.72 26. 90 27. 02 27.28 27. 53 27.66 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. 7co station 73.56; 2 May; 45°43' N., 48°20' W.; depth 174 m.; dynamic height 971.124 0 0.18 32.69 0 0.18 32.69 26 -0.41 32. 735 25 -0.40 32.73 51 -0. 74 32.98 50 -0.75 32.98 77 -0.60 33.10 75 -0.60 33.09 102 -0.22 33.32 100 -0. 25 33.30 152 0.06 33.40 150 0.05 33.40 26. 25 26.32 26.53 26. 60 26. 76 26.84 Station 7357; 2 May; 45°46' N., 48°26' W dynamic height 971.121 deptli 115 m. 0 -0.31 32.73 0 -0.31 32.73 25 -0.34 32.73 25 -0.34 32. 73 49 -0.80 32. 97 50 -0. 80 32.97 74 -0. 55 33. 12 75 -0.55 33.13 98 -0. 09 33.28 100 -0. 10 33.28 26.31 26.31 26.52 26.64 26.74 7358; 2 May; 45°50' X\, 48°33' W dynamic height 971.120 depth 95 ra. 0 0.54 32.85 0 0.54 32.85 26 0.57 32. 85 25 0.55 32.85 .53 0.51 32.85 50 0. 55 32. 85 79 -0.21 33.17 75 -0.05 33.13 26.36 26.36 26.36 26. 62 Station 7359; 2 May; 46°03' X., 48°54' W., depth 84 m. dynamic height 971.110 0.63 0.61 0.04 32.89 32.89 33.16 0. 63 0. 60 0.15 32.89 32.89 33.11 26.39 26.39 26.59 Station 7360; 2 Mav; 46°09' X., 49°08'W.; depth 68 m. dynamic height 971.123 0-.-. 26-.- 51--. 0.95 0.91 0.83 32.83 32.84 32. 865 0- 25 50 0.95 0.90 0.85 32.83 32.84 32.86 26.33 26.34 26.36 Station 7361; 2 May; 45°59' N., 48°30' W.; dejith 95 m.; dynamic height 971.107 0 0.36 32.84 0 0.36 32.84 26 0.35 32. 835 25 0.35 32.85 52 0.01 33.19 50 0. 05 33.17 78 0.35 33. 42 75 0. 30 33.41 26. 37 26.38 26.65 26.83 Station 7362; 2 May; 45°56' N., 48°11' W.; depth 124 m.; d>-namic height 971.115 0 0.22 32. 86 0 0.22 32.86 26 0.21 32. 86 25 0. 20 32. 86 51 0.03 32.92 50 0. 05 32. 92 77 -0.04 33. 25 75 -0. 05 33. 22 103 0.24 33.43 100 0.20 33.40 26.39 26.39 26.45 26.69 26.83 91 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, Salin- ity, Scaled values Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. °/oo Station 7303; 2 May; 4S°54' N., 47°55' W.; dynamic height 971.12(1 ■ptii 2(15 ni.; 0 0.13 32.84 25 0.14 32.84 50 -0.28 32.88 75 -0.75 33. 08 101 -0. 33 33.215 150 0.70 33. 05 201 0.92 33. 745 0... 25. 50. 75-. 100 150 200 0.13 32. 84 0.14 32. 84 -0.28 32. 88 -0. 75 33. 08 -0.35 33.21 0. 76 33. 05 0. 90 33.74 20. 38 20. 38 2t). 43 2f). 01 20. 70 27. 00 27. Ofi Station 7304; 3 May; 45°53' X.. 47'='45' W.; ilL-ptli o: (Ivnamic liciiilil 971.(103 0... 23.. 45.. 68.. 91.. 135. 181 272 367. 567 0. 10 32. 87 0.13 32. 88 0. 58 33. 04 -0. 49 33. 19 -0. 18 33. 325 0.83 33. (i8 1.12 33. 80 2.51 34.44 2.83 34.57 3.78 34.84 0 25.-- 50--. 75--- 100- - 150- - 200. - 300- _ 400- - (600) 0.16 32. 87 0.15 32. 90 0.30 33. 07 -0.40 33. 21 0. 00 33.34 0.90 33.74 1.40 33. 97 2. 60 34.48 3.00 34. 01 3.95 34.88 20. 40 20. 42 26. 50 20. 71 2(i. 79 27. (10 27. 21 27. 52 27. 00 27. 71 Observed values Station 7365; 3 May; 45°49' \.,47'2ll' \V.; dciilli l,.372in. dyiianiic IicImIiI '.iTd.'.WO 0 26---- 50.... 76 100... 152... 202.-. 302... 332. -- 507... 687. . 815... 1,324. 0. 99 33. 48 1.81 33. 68 2. 67 33. 95 2.50 34. 085 2.12 34. 14 2. 55 34. 415 2.64 34. 48 3.34 34. 695 3. 03 34. 77 3.77 34. 87 3. 60 34. 87 3. 01 34. 88 3.47 34.88 0 25.. 50--- 75 100- 150-- 200- - 30O-- 400- - ()00-- 800-- 1,000 0.99 33.48 1.80 33. (58 2.67 33.95 2. 60 34. 07 2. 12 34.14 2. 5!: 34. 40 2. 05 34.47 3.30 34. 69 3.70 34.81 3.70 34.87 3. ()0 34.88 3.55 34.88 20. 84 26. 95 2(5. 92 27.20 27. 29 27.47 27. 52 27. 63 27. ()9 27. 74 27. 75 27. 75 Station 7300; 3 .M ay; 45°4()' X., 40°44' \V .; i\r\>\ U 2,.s31 in. (lyiianiic lioiglit 970.991* 0- 26 52 78 104 155..-. 207 311.... 376.... 564.--- 751.... 945 1,440... 7. 20 34. 01 7.27 34. 01 7. 20 34. 61 7. 26 34. 015 7.27 34. 02 7. 20 34. (i2 6. 08 34. 725 5.46 34. 82 4.80 34. 88 4.35 34. 975 4.14 34. 95 3.89 34. 95 3.55 34.94 0 25-.- 50 - 10(l_- 150- - 200. 300- - 400.. 000.- 800.- 1,000 Tem- Depth, pcra- meters ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- Salin- pera- ture, °C. '•?: station 7367; 3 May; 45°44' N., 46°10' W.; depth 3,383 m.; djTiamic height 970.995 0 6.51 34.43 26 6.49 52 6.49 34.43 79 6.50 34.43 105 6. 50 34.44 156 6.07 34. ()85 209 6.38 34. 79 314 5.33 34. 80 3()3 5.07 :il,s',» 54() 3. 90 A\ S';l 730 3. (iO ill, NS 928 3.54 34. 87 1,452... 3.56 34.92 0 6.51 34.43 25 6.50 34.43 50 6.50 34.43 75 6.50 34.43 100 6.50 34.44 150 6.65 34. 66 200 6. 45 34.77 300 - 5.50 34.88 400 4.85 34.89 r, HI 3.85 34.89 ,StHI 3.60 34.87 1,000--- 3. 55 34.88 27. 00 27. OC) 27. 06 27. (!(i 27. 00 27. 22 27.34 27.54 27. 02 27.73 27. 75 27.75 station 7368; 3 May; 45°39.6' N., 45°33.8' W.; depth 3,621 m.; dynamic height 970.879 0 26.-- 51... 77 102-- 152-- 204.- 306.- 375.. 568.- 763- 958- 1,460 3.73 34. 25 3.74 34.26 4.03 34. 30 3.75 34. 475 3.58 34.60 4.67 34.87 4.52 34.87 3.07 34.82 3. 06 34.81 3.65 34.87 3.54 34. 865 3.47 34.88 3.41 34.91 0.... 25--- 50--- 75-.- 100.. 150.. 200.- 300.- 400.- 600.- 800.. 1,000 3.73 34. 25 3.75 34.26 4.00 34. 30 3.75 34.45 3.60 34.60 4.60 34.85 4.55 34.87 3.70 34.82 3.65 34.82 3.60 34.87 3.55 34.87 3.45 34.88 27.24 27.25 27. 25 27. 30 27. '>:i 27.02 Station 7309; 3 .Mav; 45°41.1' N., 44°40.5' W.; deptli 4,352 m.; dynamic height 970.929 7. 26 34. 61 27. 10 7.25 34. 61 27. 10 7.25 34. 01 27. 10 7.25 34. 01 27. 10 7.25 34. 02 27.11 7.25 34. 02 27.11 ().75 34.71 27. 25 5. (■)() 34.81 27. 47 4.80 34. 89 27. 03 4. ;«) 34. 97 27.75 4. 10 34. 95 27. 70 3.85 34. 95 27. 78 0 26--.. 52--. 78---- 105.-- 156.-- 208... 313--. 416-. ()22-.. 828... 1,034. 1,550. 3.64 33.58 4.30 33. 905 4.35 34. 005 3. 80 34. 155 3.50 34. 20 3.(i5 34. 44 4. 20 34.74511 5.17 :i=,. (11 4.40 :ii,',M.- 3. 8C. :i! 01' 3. .50 31.00 3.01 34. 93 3.41 34. 935 0 25... 50--- 75--. 100- . 1.50.- 200.. :-ioo.- I'KI - r.'io. - .S00-- 1,000 3.64 33.58 4.30 33.90 4.35 34. 00 3.95 34.15 3.55 34.24 3.60 34.42 4.10 34.67 5.05 34.97 4.50 34.96 3.90 34. 92 3.55 34. 90 3.60 34. 93 26. 71 26.90 26.97 27.14 27. 25 27.39 27. 54 27.67 27.72 27. 76 27.77 27. 79 Station 7370; 4 Mav; 46°06.4' N., 44°46.9' W.; depth 3,731 ni.; dynamic heiglit 970.921 0 4.41 33. 97 26 4.41 33. 975 52 4.39 34.00 78.- 4.05 34. 20 104 3. 59 34. 29 155 4. 25 34. 05 207 3.50 A\ IV.',:, 311 4. It :u ss 414 3. 80 :-il n7 621. .- ;i77 :u oil 828 3. .57 HI SN 1,034... 3. 00 ;n. 02.". 1,549... 3.45 34. 93 0... 25.. 50.. 75-. 100. i 1.50- ■JOO- :viii- 1,0(J0.-. 4.41 33.97 4.40 33.97 4.40 34. 00 4.10 34. 17 3.65 34.27 4.15 34. 61 3.70 34.64 4.05 34.85 3.90 34.87 3. 75 34. 90 3. 00 34.89 3.65 34.92 20.94 20. 95 ■2n. 97 27. I 4 27. 2(i 27.48 27.55 27. 08 27.72 27. 75 27. 7(i 27.78 92 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "loo meters ture, °C. °/oo Station 7371; 4 May; 46°32.4' X., 44°53.5' W.; depth 704 m.; dynamic height 970.875 0 3. PI 1 34. 12' 0 3.61 34.12 24 :i :,N :u. 1.' 25 3.60 34.12 50 3. :,i; M- IL' 50 3.56 34. 12 74 3.44 34. 42, 75 3.45 34.42 100 3.37 34.50 100 3.37 34.50 149 3.66 34.69 150 3.65 34.69 199 3.82 34.79 200 3.80 34.79 299 3.73 34.85 300 3.70 34. 85 399 3.64 34. 86 400 3. 65 34.86 600 3.56 34.88 600 3.56 34.88 27.15 27.15 27.15 27.40 27.47 27.59 27.66 27.72 27.73 27.75 Staticn 7372; 4 May; 46°39.5' X., 44°56.1' W.; depth 223 m.; dynamic height 970.898 0 3.61 34.08 0 3.61 34.08 23 3.60 34.09 25 3.60 34.09 47 3.59 34.09 50 3.60 34.09 70 3.59 34.10 75 3.55 34.14 94 3.40 34.31 100 3.40 34.33 141 3.53 34.51 150 3.55 34. 55 188 3.71 34.72 (200)... 3.75 34.77 27.11 27.12 27.12 27.17 27.33 27.49 27.65 Station 7373; 4 Mav; 46°50.9' X., 45°01.1' W 183 m.; dynamic height 970.894 dci>th 0 3.67 34.06 0 21 3. 63 34.08 25 41 :i.59 34. C9 50 62 3.31 34. 205 75 83 3.55 34.38 100 125 3.69 34.65 (150)... 3.67 3. 6C 3.50 3.45 3.60 3.75 34. 06 34.08 34.15 34.31 34.48 34.81 27. 09 27. 12 27. 18 27.31 27.43 27.68 Station 7374; 4 May; 46°50.9' X., 44°46.3' W. 152 m.; dynamic height 970.885 depth 0 3.63 34.09 0 3.63 34.09 27 3.61 34.09 25 3. 6'J 34. 09 53 3.56 34.09 50 3.55 34.09 80 3.18 34.32 75 3.25 34. 28 106 3.20 34.39 100 3.20 34.37 27.12 27. 12 27.13 27.30 27. 39 Station 7375; 4 Mav; 46°50.2' X., 44°55.1' W.; depth 179 m.; dynamic height 970.894 0.. 25. 51. 75- 101 151 3.65 3.63 3.59 3.57 3.35 3.66 34.06 34.06 34.07 34.08 34.31 34.70 0_. 25. 50. 75- 100 150 3.65 34. 06 3.63 34. 06 3.60 34.07 3.57 34.08 3.35 34.31 3.65 34.70 27.10 27. 10 27.11 27. 12 27. 32 27.60 Station 7376; 4 Mav; 46°48.8' X., 45°15.1' W. 220 m.; djmamic height 970.906 depth 0.- 25. 50- 75- 101 150 201 3.78 3.77 3.75 3.74 3.40 4.03 3.88 34. 06 34.07 34.07 34.08 34. 23 34.55 34.71 0... 25.. 50.. 75-. 100 150 200. 3.78 3.77 3.75 3.74 3.40 4.03 3.90 34.06 34.07 U. 07 34. 08 34.23 34.55 34. 70 27.08 27.09 27.10 27.11 27.25 27.44 27.58 Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. %o Station 7377; 4 May; 46°47' X., 45°40' W. dynamic height 970.901 depth 256 m.; 0... 24-. 49.. 72- 97- 145 193 242 3.95 3.95 3.95 3.99 3.67 4.23 4.32 3.92 34. 11 34. 12 .34. 12 34 175 34. 405] 34 58 34.74 34.80 0-. 25-. 50- 75- 100 150 200 250 3.95 3.95 3.95 4.00 3.70 4.25 4.25 3.90 34.11 34.12 34.12 34.19 34.41 34.60 34.75 34.81 27.11 27.12 27.12 27.16 27.37 27.46 27.58 27.67 Station 7378; 4 May; 46°46.5' X., 45°54' W.; depth 348 m.; dynamic height 970.881 0 3.98 34.16 0 3.98 34.16 24 3.99 34.15 25 4.00 34.16 48 3.93 34.16 50 3.95 34.18 72 3.55 34.415 75 3.60 34.43 96 4.03 34. .56 100 4.05 34.57 145 4.12 :U. (i7 1.'') 4. 10 34.68 193 4.08 :«. 71;.-, L'l K 1 4.05 34.77 289 3.81 34. 85 1,31)0)... 3.80 34.86 27.14 27.14 27.16 27.39 27.46 27.54 27.62 27.72 Station 7379; 4 May; 46°43' X., 46°33' VV. djmamic height 970.878 depth 732 m.; 0 3.92 34.13 0 3.92 34.13 25 3.93 34.13 25 3.93 34.13 50 3.96 34.13 50 3.96 34.13 75 3.56 34. 26 75 3.56 34. 26 100 4.10 34. 62 100 4.10 34.62 149 4. 16 34. 74.^. 150 4.15 34.75 199 3.92 34. M ■Jill 3.90 34.81 299 3.84 34. s7 3.10 3.85 34.87 388 3.68 34.88 400 3.65 34.88 551 3.53 34. 87 (600)--- 3.50 34.87 27.12 27.12 27.12 27.27 27. 50 27.59 27.67 27.72 27.74 27.76 Station 7380; 5 May; 46°42' X., 46°.52' \V. 1,234 m.; dynamic height 970.887 depth 0 26--- 51.... 77-.-. 103-.. 153--- 204-.. 307. - - 406.-- 607.-- 807--- 1,007- 2.22 2.24 2.26 2.22 2.48 2.70 3.16 34.08 34.08 34.26 34. 335 1 34.44 34.53 34. 68 3.69 :i4. M 3. 77 :-l4. s7 3. 73 34. s7.^. 3.66134.87 3.54 34.86 0---- 25--- 50--- 75--- 100- - 150.- 200-- 31)0-- toil-- ti'lO.- 800-- 1,000 2.22 2.25 2.25 2. 20 2.45 2.70 3.10 3.65 3.80 3.75 3.65 3.55 34.08 34. 08 34.26 34.33 34.43 34. 52 34.67 34. 80 34.86 34.87 34.87 34.86 .24 27.23 .38 .44 7.49 .55 .64 .68 .72 .73 27.74 74 Station 7381; 5 Mav; 46°41' X.. 47°12' W.; depth 649 m.; djmamic height 970.929 0-- 25- 50- 76- 101 150 201 302 403 607 0.92 0.85 1.15 1.19 1.48 1.94 2.41 3.25 3.73 3.66 33.66 33.67 33.78 33.94 34.09 34.27 34.45 34.70 34.84 34.86 0-- 25- 50- 75-. 100 150 200 300 400 600 0.92 0.85 1. 15 1.20 1.45 1.94 2.40 3.20 3.70 3.65 33. 66 33.67 33.78 33.94 34.09 34.27 34. 45 34.70 34.83 34.87 27.00 27.01 27.07 27.20 27.30 27. 42 27.52 27.65 27.70 27.74 93 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. "loo Station 7382; 5 May; 4C°40' X., 47°25' W.; depth 329 m.; dynamic height 971.011 0 -0.04 32.98 0 -0. 04 32. 98 23 -0. 56 33.13 25 -0. 45 33. 17 46 0.52 33.40 50 0. 45 33.41 69 0.09 33. 445 75 0. 10 33. 46 92 0.13 33. 51 100 0. 15 33. 54 137 0.45 33.68 150 0. fi5 33. 75 182 1.21 33.99 200 1.45 34. 07 274 2.47 34.41 (300)-.. 2.80 34.54 26. .50 26. 67 2f>. K'J 26. HS 2f). 94 27. 08 27.29 27.55 Station 7383; 5 May; 46°38' N., 47°38' W.; depth 172 m.; dynamic height 971.059 0- -0.21 32.70 0 -0.21 32.70 26 -0.25 32. 70 25 -0.25 32.70 52 -0. 37 32. 72 50 -0.35 32. 72 78 -1.01 33. 05 75 -0. 95 33.01 104 -0. 06 33. 3(i 100 -0.20 33.31 155 1.13 33.91 150 1.00 33.84 26. 28 26. 28 2(). 30 26. 56 26. 77 27. 13 Station 7384; 5 Mav; 46°38' N.. 48°13' W.; depth 117 m.; dynamic height 971.060 0 0.28 32.77 0 0.28 32.77 26 0.16 32. 78 25 0.15 32.78 51 0.24 32. 82 50 0.25 32.82 76 -0. 26 33.09 75 -0. 25 33.07 102 0.33 33. 425 100 0.25 33.30 26. 32 26.33 26. 36 26. 58 26. 74 Station 7385; 5 May; 46°43' .V., 48°38' W. dynamic height 971.055 depth 97 m.; 0.... 26... 52... 84..- 0.88 0.70 0.60 0.40 32.85 32. 86 32.86 33. 30 26. 35 26. 36 26. 37 26.73 Station 7386; 5 May; 47°13' X., 49°13' W.; depth 102 m.; dynamic height 971.063 0. 53 0.34 0.36 -0. 16 32. 80 32. 82 32. 825 33. 01 0. 25 50 75 0.53 0.35 0.35 0.00 32.80 32. 82 32.82 32. 93 26. 33 26. 35 26. 35 26. 46 Stiitioii 7.387; 5 May: 47°13' X., 48°36' W.; dciilli ll;i m.; dynamic height 971.062 0 0.21 32.70 0 0.21 32.70 26 0.25 32. 76 25 0.25 32. 76 53 0. 40 32. 81 50 0.40 32.81 80 -0. 32 33. 07 75 .--. -0. 20 33. 02 106 0. 02 33.30 100 -0.10 33.25 26.26 26. 31 26. 35 26. 51 26.72 Station 7388; 6 May; 47°12' .\., 48°03' W.; depth 166 m.; dynamic height 971.059 0-. 25- 51- 76- 102 152 -0.20 -0. 21 -0.43 -0. 56 -0. 14 0.76 32.73 32. 72 32.80 33. 08 33. 2(>5 33.63 0-- 25 50 100 150 -0. 20 -0. 21 -0. 40 -0. 55 -0. 15 0.70 32.73 32. 72 32. 80 33. 02 33. 24 33.62 26. 31 26. 30 26. 38 26. 55 26. 72 26. 98 Observed values Scaled \ alues Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. 7oo station 7389; 6 May; 47°n.5' N., 47°40' W.; depth 216 m.; dynamic height 971.066 II -II, 2H :<■_' I IS 0 -0.23 32. 68 -I) :<7 :^■^ tie, 25 -0.35 32. 66 -(KM 32. so 50 -0. 75 32.79 7S -0. 95 32. 99 75 -0.90 32. 96 104 -0.71 33.18 100 -0.75 33. 15 155 0.60 33. 58 150 0.45 33. 54 207 0.95 33.79 200 0.90 33.76 26.27 26. 25 26.38 26. 52 26. 66 26. 92 27.08 Station 7390; 6 May; 47°11' X., 47°22' W.; depth 402 m.; dynamic height 971.086 0 -0.51 32.71 0 -0.51 32.71 26 -0.50 32.74 25 -0.50 32.74 51 -0.58 32.75 50 -0.60 32. 75 77 -0.80 32. 92 75 -0.80 32.90 102 -0.93 33. 045 100 -0.90 33. 02 1.53 -0.20 33. 36 1.50 -0.30 33.33 204 0.89 33.78 200 0. 75 33.73 306 2.74 34.54 300 2.60 34.49 26. 30 26. 3:-! 26. -.i I 26. ir. 26. -u 26. 7'.t 27. OC. 27. .^:-i Station 7:i91; 6 .May; 47°10' X., 46°53' W.; depth 1,189 iii. dynamic height 970.907 0 1.23 33.77 0 1.23 33.77 26 1.44 33.89 25 1.40 33.89 51 1.35 33. 935 50 1.35 33.93 77 - 1.53 34.12 75 1.50 34.11 101 1.84 34.23 100 1.85 34. 22 153 2.27 34.38 150 2.25 34.38 205 2.67 34. 52 200 2.65 34.51 308 3.51 34. 76 300 3.40 34.74 405 3.74 34.83 400 3.75 34.83 607 3.69 34. 88 600 3.70 34.88 811 3.54 34. 89 800 3.55 34.89 1,013... 3.49 34. 86 1,000-.. 3.50 34.87 27. i; 27. S 27. .'V 27. 1 27. ;". 27. r. 27. IV 27. 7 27.7 27- 7 Station 7392: 6 Mav; 47°10' X., 46°42' W. dynamic height 970.891 depth 6.58 m.: 0 24- 48 73 97 144 193 290 388 585 3. 62 34.09 0 3.62 34.09 3.59 34.10 25 3.55 34.10 3.28 34. 09 50 3.30 34.09 3.09 34. 24 75 3.30 34.25 2.62 34. 325 100 2.70 34.34 3.88 34. 64 1,50 3.90 34. 65 3.89 34- 73 200 3.90 34.74 3.92 3t M :ion -.- 3.90 34.84 3.72 34- -SI loo 3.70 34.84 3.47 34. 87.')| ^(i00)--. 3.45 34.88 27. 12 27.14 27. 15 27.28 27. 40 27. 54 27. 61 27. 69 27. 71 27. 7'i Station 7393; 6 May; 47°11.5' X., 46°22' W.; depth 318 ii tlynamic height 970.879 0 25 50 74 99 148.--- 197..-- 296.-.. 3. 65 3.63 3.62 3. 50 3. 60 4.09 3.92 3.72 34. 10 34. 09 34. 09 34. 22 34. ,50 34.73 34. 785 34.85 0.- 25- 50 75- 100 1,50 200 300 3.65 3.63 3.62 3.50 3.60 4.10 3.90 3.70 34.10 34.09 34.09 34. 22 34.51 34.73 34.79 34.85 94 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Station 7394; 6 Mav; 47°16' X., 45°50' W.; depth 289 ra.; dynamic height 970.893 0 3.70 34.06 0 3.70 34. 06 26 3.64 34.07 25 3.65 34. 07 51 3.57 34.08 50 3.55 34.08 77 3.57 34.07 75 3.55 34.07 102 3.31 34. 335 100 3.30 34.30 153 3.85 34.64 150 3.80 34.61 206 3.71 34. 72 200 3.70 34.71 256 3.71 34. 775 250 3.70 34.77 27.09 27.11 27. 12 27. 12 27. 32 27. 52 27.61 27.66 Station 7395; 6 Mav; 47°19' N., 45°27' W.; depth 218 m.; dynamic height 970.912 0_- 25- 50- 75- 100 150 200 3.68 34.05 0 3.68 34.05 3.63 34.06 25 3.63 34.06 3.58 34.08 50 3.58 34.08 3.54 34.09 75 3.54 34.09 3.53 34.10 100 3.53 34.10 3.61 34.42 150 3.61 34.42 3.79 34.63 200 3.79 34.63 27.08 27.10 27. 12 27.13 27.14 27.39 27.54 Station 7396; 6 May; 47°23' X., 44°58' W. dynamic height 970.897 -pth 171) m.; 0 3.60 34.05 0 3.60 34.05 27 3.59 34.09 25 3.60 34.09 52 3.49 34.10 50 3.50 34.10 78 3.37 34.11 75 3.40 34.12 103 3.15 34.34 100 3.15 34. 32 158 3.82 34.63 150 3.70 34. 59 27.09 27. 12 27.14 27.17 27.35 27.51 Station 7397; 6 May; 47°30' -X., 45°13' W.; depth 223 m. dynamic height 970.905 0 3.65 34.06 0 3.65 34. 06 26 3.66 34.07 25 3.66 34. 07 52 3.61 34.06 50 3.60 34.06 78 3.49 34.06 75 3.50 34. 06 103 3.29 34.18 100 3. 30 34. 16 154 3.50 34.53 150 3.50 34. 51 206 3.70 34.71 200 3.65 34.69 27. 10 7.11 27.10 27. 11 7. 21 7.47 27.59 Station 7398; 6 May; 47°4fl' .X., 45°3S' W.; depth 329 m. dynamic height 970.877 0 3.63 34.08 0 3.63 34.08 24- 3.63 34.08 25 3.60 34.08 49 3. .59 34. 095 50 3.60 34. 10 73 3.54 34.34 75 3.55 34. 35 97 2.96 34. 435 100 3.00 34.44 146 3.34 34.63 150 3.40 34.64 195 3.79 34. 775 200 3.80 34.78 292 3.70 34.86 (300)-.- 3.70 34.87 27.11 27. 11 27.13 27. 33 27. 46 27. 58 27 65 27. 74 Station 7399; 7 May; 47°42' X., 45°45' W.; depth 433 m.; dynamic height 970.869 0--- 24-. 50-- 74.. 99.. 148. 198. 297. 396. 3.43 34. 25 3.43 34. 23 3.30 34.23 2.53 34. 365 2.63 34.47 3.04 34.605 3.94 34. 80 3.78 34. 83 3.56 34.88 0 25... 50..- 75... 100- - 150.. 200.- 300- - (400) 3.43 3.40 3.30 2.55 2.60 3.10 3.95 3.85 3.80 34.25 34.23 34. 23 34.37 34.47 34.61 34.80 34.83 34.88 It. zi 27. 25 27. 26 27.45 27. 52 27.59 27. 65 27. 68 27. 73 Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. °/oo Station 7400; 7 Mav; 47°46' X., 45°58' W.; depth 1,042 m. ; dynamic height 970.862 0 3.06 34.28 0 3.06 34.28 25- 3.12 34.28 25 3.12 34.28 50 3.12 34.25 50 3.12 34. 26 75 2.98 34.48 75 2.98 34.48 100 2.92 34. 53 100 2.92 34.53 149 3.23 34. 63 150 3.25 34.63 199 3.70 34.77 200 3.70 34.77 299 3.80 34.83 300 3.80 34.83 399 3.76 34.88 400 3.75 34.88 600 3.54 34. 87 600 3.54 34.87 804 3.48 34.89 800 3.50 34.89 1,008--. 3.43 34. 905 1,000-.- 3.45 34.90 27.32 27. 32 27.30 27. 49 27.54 27.58 27.66 27.69 27.73 27.74 27.77 27.78 Station 7401; 7 May; 47°58' X., 46°25' \V., depth 1,189 m.; dynamic height 970.881 0 25 . 50 75 100 150 200 300 400 602 807 1,014... 2.27 2.27 2.36 2.36 2.50 2. 81 3.14 3.56 3.65 3.69 3.61 3.51 34.10 34.09 34.14 34.38 34.43 34.55 34.65 34.80 34. 85 34.88 34.87 34. 895 0 25-- 50--. 75-. - 100- - 150.. 200-- 300.- 400.- 600.- 800.- 1,000 2. 36 2. 36 2. .50 2.81 3.14 3. 56 3. 65 3.70 3. 60 3.55 34.10 27.25 34.09 27.24 34.14 27.27 34.38 27.46 34.43 27.49 34. 55 27. 56 34. 65 27.61 34.80 27. 69 34.85 27 72 34.88 27.74 34.87 27. 75 34.89 27.76 Station 7402; 7 May : 48°17' X., 45°58' W.; depth 1,006 m. dynamic height 970.862 0--.- 23... 46--- 70--. 93--- 138.. 185.- 278.- 357.- 547.- 737.- 951.- 3.50 34.28 0 3.50 34. 28 3.36 34. 32 25 3.55 34.33 3.23 34.38 50 3.25 34.38 3.27 34.40 75 3.25 34.43 2.97 34. 52 100 3.00 34.54 3.27 34.62 150 3.35 34.65 3. .56 34.73 200 3.60 34.74 3.81 34. KL' 300 3.80 34.83 3. 72 :-i4. Mi 1(10 3.70 34.86 3.611 .■i4. ^7 Cidd 3. (K) 34.87 3.56 34. 885 800 3. 50 34.89 3.43 34. 90 1,000.-- 3.40 34.90 27. 28 27.31 27.38 27. 42 27.54 27.59 27.64 27. 69 27. 73 27.75 27. 77 Station 7403; May; 48°37' X., 4.5°30' W., depth ! dynamic height 970.865 78 m.; 0 3.65 34.30 0 3.65 34.30 26 3.55 34.315 25 3.55 34.31 52 3.26 34.38 50 3.30 34.38 78 3.17 34. 495 75 3. 20 34.48 103 2.98 34. .52 100 3.00 34. 52 156 3.22 34, r,i l.iO 3. 20 34.60 207 3. 59 :-U 7'i.' .'I II L _ - - 3. 55 34.73 303 3. 82 :'i4. Mi HI Id 3.80 34.86 399 3.75 34. 86 400 3.80 34.86 597 3.59 34. 85 600 3.60 34.85 797 3.43 34.88 (800)--. 3.40 34.88 27. 29 27.30 27.38 27.47 95 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, at Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, Tl meters ture, °C. "/oo meters turc, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. °/oo Station ' ^404; 7 May; 49°02' N., 45°02' W., depth 1,408 Station 7 408; 8 May; 48°36' X., 46°57' W., depth 2,542 m.; dynamic heiglit 970.844 m.; dynamic height 970.862 0 3.27 34.42 0 3.27 34. 42 27. 42 0 3.16 34.31 0 3.16 34.31 27. 34 26 3.23 34. 435 25 3.25 34.43 27. 42 26 3.10 34. 32 25 3.10 34. 32 27. 36 53 3. 23 34. 465 50 3.25 34.46 27. 45 52 2.54 34.33 50 2. ()() 34.33 27. 40 79 3.34 34.54 75 3.30 34.53 27. 50 77 2.87 M.44 75 2. 85 34. 42 27. 46 105 2.98 34. 58 100 3.05 34.57 27.56 103 3.05 34.52 100 3.00 34. 51 27. 52 157 3. 20 34.71 1.50 3.15 34. 69 27. 64 152 3.34 34.70 1.50 3.30 34. 69 27. 63 210 3.39 34.78 200 3.35 34.77 27.69 205 3.62 34.80 200----- 3.45 34.79 27. 69 315 3.65 34.85 300 3. 60 34.84 27. 72 308 3.65 34.84 300 3.65 34.83 27. 70 413 3.63 M.88 400 3. 65 .34. 87 27. 74 400 3.66 34. 85 400 3.68 34. 85 27. 72 619 3.58 34.88 600 3.60 34.88 27. 75 602 3. 61 34. 86 tiOO 3.60 34. 86 27. 74 822 3.48 34.88 800 3.50 34.88 27. 76 806 3.53 «.88 800----- 3.55 34.88 27.75 1,029--. 3.47 34. 90 1,000.-- 3.50 34.90 27.78 1,010_.- 3.48 34.88 1,000.-- 3.50 34.88 27. 76 1,545... 3,33 34.91 1,274... 3.46 34. 89 Station 7409; 8 May; 48°13' X., 47=18' W; depth Station: 4ll."i:7 May:4i)°]0'X.,4." (lyiuHiiic height °4I)' W., depth 2.4.32 ni.; 970.861 1,792 m.; dynamic height 970.881 0 25 1.84 0.95 33.71 33.98 0 25 1.84 0.95 33.71 33.98 26.97 27. 25 0 4.54 34. 54 0 4. .54 34. 54 27.38 51 1. 53 34.17 50 1.45 34. 16 27. 36 24 4.55 34. 55 25 4.55 34.55 27.39 76 2.14 34.34 75 2.15 34.33 27.44 48 4.45 34. 55 50 4.40 34. 55 27. 41 102 2.59 34. 445 100 2. 30 34.44 27. 52 72 3.13 34. 50 75 3.10 34. 50 27. 50 1.52 2.94 34. 56 150 2.90 34.55 27. 56 96 3.08 34. 53 100 3.10 34. 54 27. 53 204 3.08 :«.ti2 2110. _ 3. 05 34.61 27. .59 144 3.42 34. 65 150 3. 50 34. 66 27. 59 306 3.59 ■M sj :i(iii_ 3.55 34.80 27. 69 192 3. 55 34.78 200 3. 55 34. 79 27. 68 392 3. 65 ■M. \.-, 4(HI. _ 3.65 34.85 27. 72 288 3.69 34.85 300----- 3.70 34. 85 27. 72 588 3.59 34.87 6011 3. 60 34.87 27. 75 355 3.62 34. 85 400 3. 65 34. 85 27. 72 784 3.56 34.87 800 3.55 34.87 27. 75 542 3. 62 34. 875 600 3.60 34.88 27.75 984 3.47 34.89 1,000--- 3.45 34.89 27. 77 737 3. 56 34.88 800 3. 65 34. 89 27.75 1,489 -- 3.35 34. 915 938 3.90 34.91 1,000... 3.85 34.91 27. 75 1,447... 3.38 34. 925 Station 7410; 8 May; 47°54' X., 47°37' W; depth 375 ni.: Station -406;8.May;49°19'.\.,4( .°20''VV., depth 3,054 m.; dynamic height 971 018 dynamic bciKht 970.878 0 0.48 32. 61 0 0.48 32.61 26. I'.i 23 46 -0. 66 -0. 65 32. 77 33.06 25 50 -0.65 -0.65 32. 80 33.10 26. 31 1 26. 62 0 5. 30 34. 63 0 5.30 34. 63 27. 36 68 -0. 33 33.215 75 -0.15 33. 30 26. 76 26 5. 30 34. as 25 5. 30 34.63 27. 36 92 0. 29 33.49 100 0.40 33.54 26. 93 52 5. 27 34. 63 50 5. 25 34. 03 27.37 137 0. 99 33.77 150 1.25 33.89 27. l.-i 78 5. 09 34. 63 75 5.10 34. ()3 27.39 183 1.99 34. 20 200 2.15 34.33 27.44 104 4.88 34. 635 100 4.90 34. 63 27. 41 275 2.81 34.53 300 2.95 34.61 27.6(1 155 4.12 34. 62 150 4. 20 34. 62 27. 49 366 3. 22 34. 68 (400)... 3.35 34. 72 27. 65 207 3. 95 34. 74 200 3.95 34. 72 27. 59 311 3.97 34. 85 300 3.95 34.84 27. 68 400 3.8:i 34. 87 400 3.85 34.87 27. 72 Station 7411; 8 May; 47°46.5' X., 47°48' \V; depth 309 in.: 600 3.65 34.88 600 3. 65 34.88 27. 74 dynamic height 971 .096 801 3. 58 3.49 34.90 34.91 8(M) 1,000--- 3.60 3.50 34. 90 34.91 27. 77 27.79 1,006... 1,522... 3.41 34. 94 0 0. 66 32. 54 0 0. 66 32.54 26. 11 24 49 -0.59 -1.23 32. 59 32. 72 25- 50 -0.60 -1.20 32.59 32.73 26. 21 26. 34 Station 74()7;8May;4S°.';9'.\'.,4 )°.38' W.. ili'ptlr.'.slCini.: 73 97 -1.46 -1.23 32. 83 32. 895 75 100 -1.45 -1.15 32. 83 32.92 2f). 43 26. 49 dynamic licigh 970.852 146 -0.11 33. 335 150 -0.05 33.38 26. S2 195 292 0. 80 2.88 33.73 34. 505 200 300 0.85 3.00 33.77 34.56 27. ll'.l 27. 56 0 3.4! 3.5( 34. 49 34. 49 0 25 3.49 3. 50 34.49 34.49 27.45 27. 45 26 51 3.0( 34. 55 50 3. 05 34. 55 27. 54 Station ;412, 8 May; 47°42' X"., 48°11' W; depth 240 m.; 77 3.08 34. 58 75 3. or 34. 58 27. 56 dynamic height 971.086 103 3. 00 3.01 34. 50 34.615 100 150 3.0( 3.0( 34. 57 34. 61 27. 57 27. ()0 153 205 3.:j( 34. 735 200 3.25 34. 71 27. 66 0 0. 65 .32. 57 0 0.6S 32.57 26.17 308 3.63 34. 84 300 ;i.6fl 34. .s: 11. 71 25 -0. 52 32. 64 25 -0. 52 32. 64 26. 2.^. 414 3. 6L 34. 84 400 3. 65 34. S4 27. 71 50 -1.21 32.78 50 -1.21 32.78 26. 3^ 621 3.57 34. 865 600 3. 611 34. Kt 27. 74 75- - -1.22 32. 81 75 -1.22 32. 81 26.41 829 3.47 34. H85 800. . 3. 5( 34. 8S 27. 76 100 -1.3-! 32. 90 100 -1.34 32.90 26. 4.S 1,037--. 3..% 34. 90 1,000 -- 3.50 34. 9( 27. 78 151 0. 05 33. 30 1.50 O.OC 33.30 26. 75 1,557.-- 3.3t 34.92 201 1.54 34.05 200 1.50 34.04 27. 26 96 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. 1.0 meters ture, °C. °/oo Station 7413; 8 May; 47°41' X., 48°32' W dynamic height 971.022 depth 214 ni.; 0-- 26_ 51_ 7f)- 102 153 204 0.55 0.12 0.18 -0.41 0.00 0.29 2.47 32.96 33.10 33.17 33. 24 33.41 33. 54 34. 475 0__ 25- 50_ 75 _ 100 150 200 0.55 0.10 0.15 -0.40 -0.05 0. 25 0.30 32. 9fi 33.10 33.17 33.23 33.40 33.53 34.41 26.45 26. 59 26.64 26.72 26. 84 20. 93 27.63 -t;ition 7414; 8 May; 47°39' N., 48°56' W; deiitli 179 m.; djiiamic height 971.083 0-_ 24 _ 49_ 72_ 97. 145 0.44 0.79 -1.56 -1.54 -1.26 0.06 32.40 32.445 32.68 32. 80 32.94 33.41 0 0.44 25 0.75 50 -1.55 75 -1.50 100 -1.20 (150).-. 0.20 32. 40 32. 45 32.68 32. 81 32. 96 33.45 26. 02 26.04 26.31 26.42 26.53 26.87 Station 7415; 9 ^Tay; 47°50' .X., 48°48' W; depth 220 m.; dynamic height 971.059 0.- 25_ 51. 76. 102 152 203 -0.51 -1.57 -1.58 -1.39 -0. 16 0.09 1.02 32.44 32.62 32.81 32.96 33.29 33. 485 33.92 0.. 25- 50. 75. 100 150 200 -0.51 -1.57 -1.60 -1.40 -0.15 0.05 1.00 32. 44 32. 62 32. 80 32.95 33. 26 33.47 33.91 26.09 26. 26 26.41 20. 52 26.73 26.90 27.19 Station 7416; 9 May; 48°05' X., 48°41' "W. depth 322 m.; dynamic height 970.996 0 0.81 33.06 0 0.81 33. 06 25 0.50 33.12 25 0.50 33.12 50 -0. 26 33.25 50 -0.26 33. 25 74 -0.57 33. 315 75 -0.55 33.32 99 -0.28 33. 515 100 -0.35 33. 53 148 1.11 33.93 150 1.15 33.95 198 1.66 34. 245 200 1.70 34.25 297 2.78 34.58 300 2.80 34.59 26. 52 26. 58 26. 72 26. 79 26.95 27.21 27.41 27.59 7417; 9 May; 48°12' X., 48°36' \V. depth 67 m.; dynamic height 970.956 0 1.26 33.15 0 1.26 33.15 24 0.20 33.13 25 0.20 33.13 49 -0.34 33.35 50 -0. 30 33.37 73 0.03 33.65 75 0.10 33. 66 99 0.94 33.80 100 0.95 33.81 147 1.66 34.17 150 1.70 34.19 196 2.68 34.52 200 2.70 34.53 295 3.42 34.74 300 3.45 34. 74 396 3.64 34.83 400 3.65 34.83 598 3.08 34.88 600 3.65 34.88 26.56 26. 61 26.82 27. 04 27.11 27.36 27.55 27.65 27.70 27.74 Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity. Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, "/oo meters ture, °C. °/oo Station 7418; 9 May; 48°28' X., 48°18' W. depth 1,939 m.; dynamic height 970.878 0_.- 25... 50. _- 76_._ 101.. 150.. 200.. 301.. 386.- 573.. 757.. 950.. 1,440 33.74 34.05 34.25 34.38 34.445 34. 56 34.69 34. 825 •■»- St 1.82 1.53 1.90 2.23 2.21 2.63 3.17 3.61 3. 61 3. .ii-i 3. 47 :i4. N."i 3. 45 1 34. 87 3. 43 34. 905 0..-. 25... 50... 75... 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 400.. (i(!0.- NOO.- 1,000 1.82 1.53 1.90 2.20 2.20 2. tB 3.17 3.60 3. 65 3.55 3.45 3.45 33.74 34.05 34. 25 34.38 34.44 34. 56 34. 69 34.82 34.84 34.85 34.85 34.87 26.99 27.27 27.40 27.48 27. 53 27.59 27.64 27.71 27. 71 27.73 27.74 27.76 Station 7419; 9 May; 48°48' X., 48°02' W. depth 2.286 m.; dynamic height 970.860 0 4.20 34.52 0 4.20 34.52 25 3.87 34.52 25 3.87 34.52 51 3.45 34. 51 50 3.50 34.51 76 2.80 34.52 75 2.80 34.51 102 2.82 34.55 100 2.80 34.55 152 2.73 34.61 150 2.75 34.61 202 3.21 34. 70 200 3.15 34.70 304 3. 66 :-i4- S4.i ■.m) 3.65 34.84 396 3. 4(10 3.65 34.85 594 3. .53 ■6i. SO liOO 3.55 34.86 794 3.42 34.85 800 3.45 34.85 994 3.46 1,000... 3.50 34.87 1,496... 3.37 34.90 27.41 27.44 27.47 27.53 27.56 27.62 27.65 27.71 27.72 27.74 27.74 27.76 Station 7420; 9 May; 49°02' X., 47°51' W. depth 2,395 m.: dynamic height 970.863 0.... 25... 51... 76... 102.. 152.. 204.. 306.- 384.. 578.. 775-. 972.- 1,474 4.41 4.31 3.28 3.06 2.54 2.42 2.82 3.42 .3.58 3.52 3.42 3.42 3.38 34.52 34.52 34. .525 34.53 34. 55 34. 56 34.68 34. 775 34.82 34.85 34.84 34.85 34.90 0 25... 50... 75 100.. 15(1.- 200- - 300.. 400.. 600.. 800.. 1.000 4.41 4.31 3.40 3.05 2.60 2.45 2.80 3.40 3.60 3.55 3.40 3.15 34.52 34. 52 34.53 34.53 34.55 34.57 34.67 34.77 34.82 34.85 34.84 34.85 27.38 27.40 27.49 27.52 27.58 27. 61 27.66 27.69 27.71 27.73 27.74 27.77 Station 7421; 9 May; 49°20' X., 47°40' W.; depth 2,560 m.; dynamic height 970.844 0 26 52 78 104 154 206 310 416 623 829 1,036--- 1,554.-- 3.51 3.39 3.11 34.54 34.53 34.52 2.51 34.54 2. 54 34. 6(1.= 3. IS 34. 73.= 3. 01 M. \4.- 3.011 ;S4. s4 3. 50 ::!4. n4 3.45 3.42 3.45 3.34 34.84 I 34.84 34.895 34.895 0 25-- 50--- 75 100.- I.=i0.. 2(10.. :i(l(l-. 4(1(1.. 600.. 800. . 1,000 3.51 34.54 3.40 34.53 3.15 34.52 2.60 34.54 2. .55 34.59 3.10 34.72 3.55 34.83 3. 60 34.84 3.55 34.84 3.45 34.84 3.40 34.84 3.45 34.89 27.49 27.49 27.51 27.57 27. 62 27.68 27.71 27.72 27.72 27.73 27.74 27.77 97 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tern pera- tiire, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 7422; 3 June; 50°02' N., 48°49' W.; depth 2,030m. dynamic height 970.846 0 6.58 34. 60 0 6.58 34.60 25 6.17 34.59 25 6.17 34. 59 50 4.67 34. 63 50 4.67 34. 63 75 3.81 34 62 75 3.81 34. ()2 100 3.39 34. 62 100 3.39 34. 62 149 3.62 34.74 150 3. 60 34.74 199 3.42 34. 76 200 3.40 34. 76 299 3. 63 34.85 300 3. 60 34. 85 385 3.46 34. 85 4(X) 3.45 34. 86 585 3.49 34.88 600 3. 50 34.88 792 3.45 34. 89 800 3.45 34.89 990 3.44 34. 885 1,000... 3.40 34.89 1,480... 3.38 34. 93 27.18 27.23 27. 44 27.52 27.57 27.64 27. 68 27.73 27. 75 27.76 27.77 27.78 Station 7423; 3 June; 49°49' N., 49°32' W.; depth 1,298 ni.; dynamic height 970.867 0 26.... 52...- 78 104... 155... 206. __ 310... 376... 566... 758-. _ 957. _. 1,256- 4.73 6.18 5.42 3.27 3.25 2.87 3.07 3.40 3.31 3. 55 3.54 3.48 3.49 33.80 34.59 34. 59 .34. 61 34.67 34. 69 34.75 34. 80 34.81 34.86 34.87 34.87 34.89 0..-- 25... 50.-- 75.-- 100- - 150.. 200-- 300.. 400- . 600.. 800- - 1,000 4.73 6.10 5. 50 3.55 3.25 2. 90 3.03 3.35 3.35 3. 55 3. 55 3.50 33.90 34.58 34.59 34.60 34.65 34. 69I 34. 74i 34.79 34. 82 34. 86 34.87 34.87 26.85 27.23 27.31 27. 53 27.60 27. 67 27. 69 27.70 27. 73 27.74 27.75 27. 76 Station 7424; 3 ,lune; 49°47' N., 50°01' W dynamic height 970.960 •plh 622 m.; 0 3.85 32.91 0 3.85 32.91 25 -0.48 33.07 25 -0.48 33.07 50 -0. 25 33. 50 50 -0. 25 33. 50 75 0. 55 33. 82 75 0.55 33. 82 101 0.79 33.99 100 0. 75 33. 99 151 1.38 34.23 150 1.35 34.23 201 1.80 34.38 200 1.80 34.38 301 3.72 34.65 300 3.75 34. 65 399 3.68 34.84 400 3.70 34.84 595 3.59 34.86 (600).... 3.60 34.86 26.16 26. 59 26. 93 27. 14 27. 27 27. 42 27. 51 27. 55 27.71 27. 74 Station 7425; 3 June; 49°31' N., 50°32' W.; de])th 313 m.; dynamic height 970.994 0 -. 3.51 32.71 0 3.51 32. 71 26 2.12 32. 95 25 2.15 32. 95 ,51 -0.11 33. 12 50 0. 00 33.12 U -0. 62 33.39 75 -0. ,55 33.37 103 -0. 08 33. 645 100 -0. 15 33. (i2 153 0.85 34.06 150 0. 8(1 34. 04 205 1.98 34.33 200 1.90 34.31 308 3.15 34.69 300 3. 05 34. ()6 26.03 26.34 26. 61 26. 83 27. 03 27.30 27.45 27. 63 Station 7426; 3 June; 49°23' N., 51 01' W.; depth 348 m.; dynamic height 971.010 0.. 26. 52. 78- 104 155 206 310 3.44 32.59 0 3.44 32.59 -1.14 32.84 25 -0.90 32. 83 -1.49 33. 10 50 -1.45 33. 09 -0.88 33.29 75 -0.90 33. 26 -0. 30 33. 50 100 -0. 45 33.47 1.10 33.93 1,50 1.00 33.88 1.45 34. 21 200 1.40 34.18 2.98 34. 66 300 2.85 34.62 25. 95 26. 41 26. 63 26. 76 26. 92 27.16 27. 3S 27. 62 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture. °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 7427; 3 June; 49°12' N., 51°32' W.; depth 318 m.; djTiamic height 971.079 0.-- 25-- 51-- 76-- 102. 151- 202- 304- 3.73 0.34 -1.22 -!.,55 -1.32 -0. 51 1.06 2.34 32.31 32. 63 32. 84 32.94 33. 07 33.39 33.91 34.41 0.- 25- 50- 75- 100 150 200 300 3.73 0. 34 -1.20 -1.50 -1.35 -0.55 1.00 2.30 32.31 32. 63 32.84 32. 94 33. 06 33.37 33.90 34. 40 25. 69 26. 20 26.43 26.52 26.61 26.83 27.18 27.49 Station 7428; 3 June; 49°06' N., 51°49' W.; depth 300 m.; dynamic height 971.098 0 24--- 49--- 74--- 98--- 147.- 196.- 294-- 3.56 2.52 -0.86 -1.47 -1.45 -0. ,54 0.06 2.42 32.10 32.38 32. 76 32. 85 32. 975 33. 345 33.71 34.41 0.-. 25-- 50-- 75-. 100. 150. 200. (300) 3.56 2.45 -0.85 -1.45 -1.40 -0. 50 0.15 2.55 32.10 32. 39 32. 76 32.85 32. 99 33. 36 33. 74 34.44 25.56 25.87 26.35 26.44 26.56 26.82 27.10 27.50 Sttition 7429; 4 June; 49°02' N., 52°05' W.; depth 293 m. dynamic height 971.125 0--. 25- 50- 74-, 99- 149 199. 283. 3.20 -0.91 -1.59 -1.62 -1.59 -1.41 -0. 60 2.16 32.26 32. 59 32. 72 32.77 32. 85 33. 01 33. 33 34.33 0-- 25- 50- 75- 100 1.50 200 3.20 -0.91 -1.59 -1.65 -1.60 -1.40 -0.85 32.26 32.59 32. 72 32. 77 32.85 33.01 33.33 25.70 26.23 26.35 26.39 26.46 26.58 26.81 Station 7430; 4 June; 48°58' .V., 52°24' W.; depth 342 m. dynamic height 971.149 0 2. m 32. 33 0 2.50 32.33 25 -1.22 32. 66 25 -1.22 32. 66 51 -1.67 32.78 ,50 -1.70 32.78 76 -1..54 32.86 75 - . -1.55 32.86 102 -1,49 32. 8S 100 -1..50 32.88 152 -1.29 32. 97 1.50 -1.30 32.97 202 -0. 76 33. 19 200 -0.80 33.17 304 1.15 33.93 300 1.05 33.90 25. 82 26. 29 26. 39 26. 46 26. 47 26. 54 26. (is 27. IN Station 7431; 4 June; 48°53' N., 52°50' W.; depth 223 m. dynamic height 971.154 0.. 4.61 31.69 0 4.61 31.69 26 0.97 32.34 25 1.00 32.34 52 -1.43 32. 775 .50 -1.35 32.75 78 -1.51 32. 83 7,'i -1.50 32.82 104 -1.54 32. 90 100 -1.55 32.89 1,55 -1.14 33.08 1.50 -1.20 33.06 207 -0.59 33.31 200 -0.65 33.29 25.12 25.94 26. 36 26.42 26.48 26. 61 26.77 Station 7432; 4 Jime; 48°4,5' N., 52°47' W.; depth 132 m.; dynamic height 971.158 0 4. ()3 31.69 0 4.63 31.69 25 -0. 52 32. 50 25 -0. 52 32.50 49 -1..57 32.72 ,50 -1.60 32.72 74 -1. (iO 32. 79 75 -1.60 32.79 !)s -1.61 32. 80 100 -1.60 32.80 IJs -1.58 32.85 25.12 26.13 26.35 26.40 26.41 98 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Sealed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oc station 7433; 4 June; 48°44' N., 52°58' \V.; depth 121 m.; dynamic height 971 .169 0 6.30 30.80 0 6.30 30.80 28 -0.22 32.44 25 0.05 32.29 55 -1.30 32. 595 50 -1.20 32.58 83 -1.53 32.67 75 -1.50 32.65 aoo) -1.60 32.71 24.23 25. 94 26.22 26.28 26.34 Station 7434; 4 June; 48°45' N., 52°45' W.; depth 220 m.; dynamic height 971.149 0 4.51 31.71 0 4.51 31.71 25 1.96 32.44 25 1.96 32.44 52 -1.60 32.71 50 -1.60 32.70 77 -1.61 32. 795 75 -1.60 32.79 103 -1.60 32.80 100 -1.60 32.80 154 -0.60 33.305 150 -0.70 33.27 25.15 25.95 26.33 26.40 26.41 26. 76 Station 7435; 4 June; 48°32' X., 52°33.5' W. dynamic height 971.115 depth 269 m.; 0-. 23- 46_ 69- 92. 138 184 221 4.97 1.96 -1.09 -1.36 -1.51 -1.21 0.27 1.25 31.79 32.48 32.81 32.885 32.97 33.20 33.605 33. 935 0-- 25- 50- 75-, 100 150 200 4.97 1.85 -1.10 -1.40 -1.45 -1.30 0.70 31.79 32. 51 32.82 32.90 33. 01 33. 31 33.74 25. 16 26.01 26. 41 26.48 26.58 26.81 27.07 Station 7436; 4 June; 48°18' N., 51°54' W.; depth 192 m.; dynamic height 971.162 0 5.22 31.59 0 5.22 31.59 26 -0.30 32. 375 25 -0.25 32. 35 52 -1.43 32. 65 50 -1.35 32.64 78 -1.64 32. 69 75 -1.60 32.68 104 -1.41 32.85 100 -1.45 32. 82 155 -1.33 32.97 150 -1.30 32.96 24.98 26.00 26.27 26.31 26.42 26.53 Station 7437; 4 June; 48°11' N., 51°34' W. dynamic height 971.162 depth 220 m. 0.- 25. 50- 75- 100 150 200 4.25 0.63 -1.44 -1.56 -1.47 -0.84 0.33 31.91 32.12 32. 57 32.72 32.74 33.03 33.43 0- 25. 50- 75- 100 150 200 4.25 0.63 -1.44 -1.56 -1.47 -0.84 0.33 31.91 32.12 32.57 32. 72 32.74 33.03 33.43 25. 33 25.78 26.22 26.34 26.36 26.57 26.84 Station 7438; 4 June; 48°04' X., 51°15' W.; ilepth 179 m. dynamic height 971.146 0.- 25.. 51.. 76.. 101. 152. 3.95 2.30 -1.47 -1.38 -1.54 0.04 32.14 32.20 32. 635 32.74 32.84 33.33 0-- 25. 50. 75. 100 150 3.95 2.30 -1.40 -1.40 -1.50 0.00 32.14 32.20 32.63 32.74 32.83 33.31 25. 54 25. 73 26.26 26.36 26.43 26. 76 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 7439; 4 June; 47°55' N., 51°06' W.; depth 181 m. dynamic height 971.142 0 4.11 32. IS 0 4.11 32.18 25 2.02 32.28 25 2.02 32.28 .50 -0.84 32.69 50 -0.84 32.69 75 -1.14 32. 82 75 -1. 14 32.82 100 -1.06 32. 91 100 -1.06 32. 91 140 -0.03 33.25 25. 55 25. 81 26.29 26.41 26.48 Station 7440; 4 June; 47°48' X., 50°50' W.; depth 117 dynamic height 971.130 0 3.95 32.24 0 3.95 32.24 25 1.79 32.50 25 1.79 32. 50 .50 -1.15 32.64 50 -1.15 32. (H 76 -1.49 32. 785 75 -1.45 32.78 106 -0.52 33.115 100 -0. 75 33.06 25.62 26.01 26. 27 26.39 26.59 Station 7441; 5 June; 47°40' X.. .50°49' W.; depth 110 m. djmamie height 971.125 0--- 25-. .50-- 74-- 104. 4.42 2.74 1.05 0.30 0.24 32.51 32. 56 32.75 32.92 33.33 0.- 25.. 50. 75.. 100 4.42 2.74 1.05 0.30 0.25 32.51 32.56 32.75 32.93 33.27 25. 78 25.98 26.26 26.45 26.72 Station 7442; 5 June; 47°33' N., 50°20' W.; depth 104 m.; d>^lamic height 971.120 0 4.79 32. 69 0 4.79 32.69 24 2.57 32.68 25 2.55 32.68 49 0.69 32.79 50 0.70 32.80 74 0.32 32. 945 75 0. 30 32. 95 99 0.16 33.20 100 0.15 33.20 25. 88 26. 99 26.32 26. 46 26.67 Station 7443; 5 June; 47°23' X., 49°58' W.; depth 91 m.; d>-namic height 971.118 0 4.42 32. 60 0 4.42 32.60 24 2.73 32. 695 25 2.25 32.70 49 -0. 21 32.78 50 -0.20 32.79 78 -0.29 33. 005 75 -0.25 32.99 25. 87 20.13 26.36 26.52 Station 7444; 5 June; 47°44' X., 49°47' W.; depth 115 m.; dynamic height 971.120 0 4.17 32.47 0 4.17 32.47 25 2.81 32. 70 25 2.81 32. 70 50 0. 29 32.80 50 0.29 32. 80 75 -0.34 32. 90 75 -0.34 32.96 100 -0.19 33.19 100 -0.19 33.19 25.78 26.09 26.34 26.49 26.68 Station 7445; 5 June; 47°58' N., 49°4.5' W.; depth 168 m.; dynamic height 971.132 0.- 24- 49- 74- 99- 148, 3.76 32.28 1.79 32.455 -1.14 32. 65 -1..58 32.75 -1.35 32. 875 0.19 33. 455 0...- 25... 50... 75... 100.. (150) 3.76 32.28 1.75 32.45 -1.15 32. 65 -1.55 32.75 -1.35 32.89 0.20 33.48 25.66 25.98 26.28 26.36 26.47 26.91 99 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA-Continued Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- lure, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, station 7446; 5 June; 48°12' N., 49°40' W.; depth 223 m.; dynamic height 971.109 0 3.83 32.14 0 3.85 32.14 25.55 25 -0.67 32.66 25 -0. 67 32.66 26. 27 51 -1.62 32.84 50 -1.55 32. 83 26.43 76 -1.65 32. 955 75 -1.65 32.95 26. 53 102 -0. 99 33. 175 100 -1.05 33. 16 26. 68 152 -0.02 33. 50 150 -0.10 33.48 26. 90 203 1.33 33.97 200 1.25 33.95 27. 20 Station 7447; 5 .June; 48°31' N., 49°31' W.; depth 594 m.; dynamic heijrht 971.043 0 3.95 32. 31 0 3.95 32. 31 25. 67 18- 0.79 32. 685 25 0. 75 32. 78 2(). 30 38 -1.45 32. 96 50 -1.0(1 33. 03 26.57 56 -1.42 33. 065 75 -0. 70 33. 30 20. 78 72 -0.74 33. 27 100 -0.40 33.47 26.92 112 -0. 25 33. 55 150 1.00 33. 89 27.17 150 1.00 33. 89 200 1. 55 34.17 27. 36 225 1.86 34.30 300 2.80 34.57 27. 58 307 2.90 34.60 40(1 3.30 34. 70 27.64 482 3.65 34.78 Station 7448; 5 .Tune; 48°40' N., 49°22' W.; depth 1,042 m. d>niamie height 970.983 0 4.00 32. 36 0 4.00 32. 36 20 -1.27 32.87 25 -1.20 32. 94 39 -0.84 33. 20 50 -0. 70 33. 33 59 -0.42 33. 46 75 0. 05 33. 59 79 0.24 33. 625 100 0. 65 33.80 118 1.12 33. 97 150 1.35 34.13 157 1.40 34. 165 200 2.10 34.37 236 2.74 34. 545 300 2.85 34. ()4 322 2.84 34. 67 400 3. 25 34. 75 482 3; 63 34.84 600 3. 65 34. 85 668 3.64 .34.85 800 3.60 31.88 867 3.57 34.89 (1,000) 3.55 34. 90 25.71 26. 51 26.81 26. 99 27.12 27.34 27.48 27. 63 27. 68 27.72 27. 75 27.77 Station 7449; 5 June; 49°04'N.,49°10' W.; depth 1,765m.; dynamic h.eight 970.8.''i3 0 5.99 34.37 0 5.99 34. 37 26 5. 86 34. 535 25 5.85 34.53 51 3.06 34.4()5 50 3. 10 34.47 77 2. 66 34. .56 75.. ... 2. 70 34.. 55 102 2. 96 34.6.55 100 2. 90 34. ()5 1.54 3. 06 34.61> 1.50 3. 05 34. 69 205 3. IS 34. 7.^'-. 200 3.15 34.75 307 3. 33 34. 79 300 3.30 34. 79 414 3. 40 34. S3 400 3.40 34.82 622 3. 52 34.87 600 3. ,50 34.87 833 3.46 34.875 800 3. 50 34. 87 1,043... 3.44 :h.87 1,000... 3.45 34.87 1,277... 3.46 34. 905 27. 08 27.22 27.48 27. 57 27. (i4 27. 65 27. 69 27.71 27.73 27. 76 27. 76 27. 76 Station 7450; 0 June; 49°30' N., 49°04' W.; depth 1,810 m.; dynamic height 970.870 0 5.87 34. 19 0 5.87 ,34. 19 26 5. 09 34. 3.55 25 5. 10 34.35 .52 5. 05 34.. 52 50 5. 05 34. 50 78 3.47 .34. (H 75 3.75 34.62 104 3.17 34.69 100 3. 25 34. 68 156 3.08 34.72 1,50 3.10 34.72 208 3. 23 34. 755 200 3. 20 34.75 312 3.41 34.80 300 3. 40 34.80 421 3.37 .34.815 400 3. 40 34. 81 630 3.47 34.83 600 3.45 34. 83 841 3.45 34.85 800 3.45 34. 85 1,0.52... 3. 46 M. 885 1,000... 3.45 34. 88 1,581... 3.37 34. 915 26. 95 27. 17 27. 29 27.53 27. 62 27. 68 27. 09 27.71 27. 72 27.72 27.74 27.76 Observed values Deptli, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Station 7451; (i June; 50°00' X., 48°53' W.; depth 2,030 m.; dynamic height 970.868 0 5. 69 34,35 0 5.69 34.35 23 5.12 34. 565 25 5.05 34.57 47 4.33 34.60 50 4.25 34.60 70 3.52 34.59 75 3.45 34. 60 95 2.97 34. 62 100 2.95 34. 62 141 2.83 34. 63 1,50 2.85 34.64 188 3. 05 34. 68 200 3.10 34.69 283 3.27 34. 755 300 3.30 34. 76 380 3.38 34.81 400 3.35 34.81 .568 3.33 34.82 600 3. 35 34.82 755 3.45 34.84 800 3.50 34.85 952 3. 46 34. 855 1,000.-- 3.50 34.86 1,447--. 3.44 34. 89 27.10 27. 35 27.46 27.54 27.61 27.63 27.65 27.69 27.72 27.73 27.74 27 75 Station 7452; 18 June; 41°.59' N., 51°00' W.; depth 3,292 m. dynamic height 971.144 0 12.47 33.47 0 12.47 33.47 24 11.63 33.83 25. 11.65 33.85 50 11.96 35. 28 50 11.96 35.28 74 12. 44 35.49 75 12. 40 35.49 99 12. 29 100 12. 25 35. ,50 148 12. 27 35. 52 150 12.25 35. 50 198 10.78 35. 24 200 10.70 35. 23 297 7.71 34. 96 300 7.65 34. 96 339 6.80 34. 905 4(M) 5.90 34.88 502 4. 32 34.83 (300 4.25 34.89 662 4. l(i 34. 90 800 4.00 34.92 843 3. 95 34. 93 1,000 -. 3.90 34.93 1,327--- 3.70 34.93 25.33 25.78 26. 84 26. 4 34.78 34.92 34.90 34.91 34.91 0---- 25... 50... 75--. 100- . 150- - 200.. 300.. 400.. 600.. 800.- 1,000 10. .38 35.12 15. 74 34.95 8.42 34.38 10. 04 34.91 8.85 34.90 8.95 34.95 8. 00 34.99 4.93 34. 04 4.85 34.82 4. 55 34.94 4.15 34.93 3. 90 34.91 25.77 25.79 20. 74 20.89 27. 08 27. 11 27.19 27.42 27.57 27.70 27. 73 27. 75 7485; 25 June; 43°55' X., 47°58' W. 3,658 m.; dynamic lieight 970.972 depth 8.64 3.78 2.63 2.67 3. 15 3. 39 3.58 4. 18 4.38 4.11 3.92 3.59 3.50 32. 07 33. 21 33. 80 34. 02 34.2;i 34.47 34. 02 34.82 34.91 34.92 34.93 34.91 34.92 0 25- . - 50--- 75--- 100- - 150- - 200.. 300.- 400.. 000.- 800- - 1,000 8.64 3.78 2.05 2. 05 3. 10 3.35 3. 55 4.15 4.40 4. 10 3.90 3.00 32. 67 33.21 33.79 .34. 01 34.21 34.45 34.61 34.81 34.91 34.92 34.93 34.91 25.37 20.41 20. 81 27. 15 27.27 27.43 27.54 27. 04 27. 09 27.74 27. 70 27.78 Oljserved values Scaled \ alues Tem- Salin- Tem- SaUn- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. °loo Station 7486; 20 June; 44°04' N., 48°30' W.; depth 2,743 m.; dynamic height 970.903 0 25 52 77 103 154 200 309--.- 398--.. 600 802 1,006-. 1,518-. 9. 50 4.97 2. .53 2.74 3.48 3.85 3. 09 4.39 4.45 4.08 3.81 3.05 3.49 33.08 33.44 33.94 34.12 34.27 :-i ) , .",s 3l..",s :<).« 34. 91 34.92 34.92 34.91 34.90 0...- 25-.. 50... 75.-- 100-- I.'IL L'l II 1 :Mii) 400- - 000. . 800.- 1,000 9.50 4.97 2.70 2.70 3.40 3.80 3.70 4.35 4.45 4.08 3. 80 3.65 33.08 33.44 33.91 34.10 34.25 34.55 34.58 34.81 34.91 34.92 34.92 34.91 25.56 26.47 27.06 27.21 27.27 27.47 27.50 27.02 27.09 27.74 27.77 27.77 Station 7487; 20 June; 44°08' N., 48°45' W.; depth 1,591 m.; dynamic height 971.017 0 0.94 32. 54 0 0.94 32.54 24 3.58 32.78 25 3.55 32.79 49 2. 51 33.15 50 2.50 33.16 74 -0.19 33.34 75 -0.20 33. 35 98 0.96 33. 81 100 1.00 33.82 147 1.50 34.11 150 l.,50 34.13 197 2.27 34. 38 200 2.30 34.39 296 3.23 34. 685 300 3.25 34.08 402 3. .58 34.80 400 3.60 34.79 602 3.70 34.82 000 3.70 34.82 803 3.59 34.87 800 3.00 34.87 1,009--- 3.55 34.87 1,000--- 3.55 34.87 1,523.-. 3.56 34.92 25. 52 26.10 26.48 26. 80 27.12 27.33 27.48 27.02 27.08 27.70 27.75 27.75 Station 748S: 20 June; 44°10' N., 48°53' \V.; depth 026 III.; iiamic height 971.134 0 r ,,; 20 4. .=.9 40 -1.31 60 -1.36 80 -0. 96 120 -0.41 160 0.23 240 1.53 320 485 3.06 62. 3t> 32.74 32.85 33.06 33. 26 33. 59 34.12 34. 36 34.61 0... 25.. 50-. 75-. 100- 150- 200. 300. 400. 5.05 3.60 -1.35 -1.05 -0. 70 0 05 0.90 1.95 2.55 32.35 32.45 32.79 33.00 33.16 33. 51 33.85 34.30 34.48 25.60 25.82 26.39 26.56 26.67 26. 93 27.15 27. 39 27. 53 Station 7495; 26 June; 44°53' X., 48=47' W. 2,195 m.; dynamic height 970.996 depth 0 26 52 78 103 156 208 311 413 619 826 1,040-. 1,583--. 5.95 32.71 0 5.95 32.71 5.56 32.83 25 5.55 32.83 3.62 33.641 50 3.80 33.59 1.62 33.74 75 1.95 33.73 1.22 33.96 100 1.25 33.93 1.49 34 18 150 1.40 34. 15 2.17 34.41 200 2.05 34.37 .3.57 34.74 300 3.40 34.70 4.24 34.88 400 4.15 34. 8(i 3.74 34.881 600 3.80 34.88 3.57 34. 89! 800 3.00 34.88 3.51 34. 89, 1,000--- 3.55 34.89 3.52 34. 89' 25.78 25. 91 26.71 26. 97 27. 19 27.36 27.49 27. 63 27.68 27.73 27. 75 27.76 Station 7496; 26 June; 44=50' X., 48=31' W.; depth 2,561 m.; d.\Tiamie height 970.962 0 25 49 73 97 147 196 293 351 537 730 924 1,426--- 7.13 32.89 6.98 33. 56 2.25 33. 69 2.29 33.97 3.41 34. 12 3.83 34.44 4.02 34. 64 4. 46 34. 84 4.44 34.91 3.73 3.73 3.53 34.90 34.921 34.93 0 25 50 75 100 150 200.--- 300..- 400 600.-.- 800 1,000-. 7.13 6.98 2.25 2.45 3.45 3. .85 4.05 4.20 4.20 4.00 3.75 3.70 32.89 33.56 33.69 33.99 34.14 34. 45 34. 65 34.85 34.92 34.93 34.91 34.92 25.76 26.31 26. 92 27. 14 27.17 27. .38 27.52 27.67 27.73 27.75 27.76 27.78 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, station 7497; 26 June; 44°44' N.. 47=57' W.; depth 3,484 m.; djTiamie height 970.999 0 9.31 33.30 0 9.31 33.30 27 4.60 33.80 25 5.05 33.76 52 6.19 34.41 50 6.00 34.35 79 6.76 34.52 75 6.70 34.51 104 6.77 34.52 1(X) 6. 75 34.52 157 6.68 34.67 150 6.70 34. 65 210 5.84 34. 72 200 6.00 34.71 314 4.96 34.86 300 5.10 34.83 394 4.35 34.87 400 4.35 34.87 591 3.76 34.88 60(1 3.75 34.88 791 3.61 34. 90 S(l(l 3,60 34.89 993 3.57 34. 90 1,000--- 3.55 34.90 1.505--- 3.46 34. 92 25.75 26.71 27.02 27. 10 27. 10 27. 20 27.35 27.55 27.67 27.73 27 76 27.77 7498; 27 June; 44°37' X., 47=20' W.; depth 3,885 m.; dynamic height 970.914 105... 157--. 209.-.. 314.-- 412..-. 619.--. 826--- 1,034-- 1,555-- 9.85 4.75 3.08 3.57 3.62 3.77 3.62 4.51 4.28 3.73 3.80 3.43 33.21 33.76 34.06 34.27 34. 4i; 34.60' 34.831 34.91' 34.93i 34.89 34.91 34.93 34. 92 0 25-- 50--- 75--- 100-- 150.- 200. - 300.. 400.- 600.. 800- - 1,000 9.85 4.50 3.25 3.50 3.60 3.75 3.65 4.40 4.35 3.74 3.75 3.80 33.21 33.76 34. 02 34.23 34.38 34.57 34.78 34.90 34.93 34.90 34.91 34.93 25.60 26.77 27.10 27. 24 27.35 27.49 27.66 27.68 27.71 27.76 27. 76 27.77 7499; 27 June; 44=30' X.. 46=36' W 3,858 m.; dynamic height 970.996 depth 0 25 51 76 102..-- 152 203 305 346.... 594-.-- 789 991 1.502.. 10.38 10.63 10. 79 3.13 4.14 4.72 4.68 4.76 4.18 3.89 3.82 3.57 3.42 33.38 33.58 34.01 34.13 34.40 34. f)8 34.75 34.92 34.86 34.91 34. 92 34.90 34.91 0.-- 25— 50.- 75-- 100.. 150.- 200.. 300.- 400.- 600.. 800- - 1,000 10.38 10.63 10.80 3. 65 4.00 4.70 4.70 4.75 4.10 3.90 3. 80 3. 55 33.38 33.58 34.01 34.12 34.38 34.67 34.74 34.90 34.87 34.91 34.92 34.90 25. 65 25. 76 26.06 27.15 27. 31 27.47 27.52 27.64 27.70 27.75 27.77 27.77 Station 7500; 27 June: 44=24' N., 45=57' W. m.; dynamic height 970.974 depth 3,913 0 9.60 32.65 0 9.60 32.65 25 3.40 33.24 25 3.40 33.24 51 1.58 33.71 50 1.65 33.69 76 2.46 34.02 75 2.45 34.01 102 4.53 34.45 100 4.40 34.42 152 5.16 34.67 150 ,5.10 34.66 202 4.78 34.74 200 4.80 34.73 304 4.49 34.85 300 4.50 34.84 404 4.40 34.91 400 4.40 34.91 605 3.97 34.91 000 4.00 34.91 805 3.75 34.90 800 3.75 34.90 1,007--- 3.69 34.91 1,000--- 3.70 34.91 1,515--- 3.49 34.91 25.20 26.47 26.97 27.16 27.31 27.42 27.50 27.62 27.69 27.74 27.75 27.77 .5917.59—61- 105 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Scaled values Depth, inoters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity. 7oo Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 7501; 27 June; 44°20' N., 45°13' W.; depth 4,206 m.; dynamic height 971.118 0 12.68 33.22 0 12.68 33.22 24 10. 02 33.33 25 10.00 33.38 49 8.08 34. 23 50 8.10 34.25 73 9.24 34.69 75 9.25 34. 70 98 9.52 34.90 100 9.40 34.89 146 6.20 34.44 IM 6. 10 34.44 195 5. 15 34. 42 200 5.20 34.44 293 6.15 34.81 300 6. 10 34.81 398 5. 16 34. 80 400 5.15 34. 80 591 4.12 34.87 (iOO 4.10 34.87 780 4.04 34.89 800 4.05 34.89 979 3.91 34. 91 1 ,000 . - 3.90 34. 91 1,489-.^ 3.62 34.94 25. 10 25. 71 26. 69 2(i. 86 26. 98 27.12 27.23 27.41 27.52 27.70 27.71 27.75 Station 7.i02; 27 .Tiiiie; 44°50' N.. 45°15' W. m.; dynamic height 970.979 depth 4,29 0 25..-. 52.... 77 103... 154. -- 205... 308... 406... 610... 814... 1,016. 1,.522. 11.97 7.43 3.91 4.61 3.85 4.57 4.11 4.41 4.87 4.10 3. 92 3.75 3.44 33.37 33.53 33. 91 34.33 34. 32 34. 02 34. 64 34.83 34. 98 34.94 34. 93 34.94 34. 92 0 25- - _ 50--- 75--- 100.- 150- - 200.. 300-- 400.- (iOO. - 800- - 1,000 11.97 7.43 4.25 4.55 3. 95 4.50 4.15 4.40 4.85 4.15 3.95 3.80 33.37 33. 53 33. 90 34.30 34.32 34. 60 34. 64 34.82 34. 97 .34. 94 34.93 34.94 25.35 26. 22 26. 90 27.19 27. 28 27.43 27. 50 27. 62 27. 68 27.74 27. 75 27.78 Station 7503; 27 June; 45°20' X., 45°15' W. m.; dynamic height 971.039 depth 4,298 0.... 25-.. .50..- 75-.- 100.- 151.. 201.. 301.. 401.. ,')98.. 798.. 1,000 1,.507 12.21 7. 8() 1. 00 6.28 6. 30 5.49 5. 67 5.79 4.79 4.27 4.01 3.85 3.48 33.17 33. 46 33. 47 34.38 34.47 34. ,'JO 34. 65 34.91 34. 90 34. 93 34. 94 34. 93 34. 92 0 25-.- 50.-. 75- - . 100- - 150-- 200-- 300- - 400. . 600- - 800. . 1,000 12.21 7.86 1.00 6.28 0. 30 .5.50 5.65 5.80 4.80 4.30 4. 00 3.85 33 17 33. 46 33. 47 34. :iS 34. 47 34. 49 34. 65 34. 90 34.90 34. 93 34. 94 34. 93 2.5. 15 26. 1 1 26. 84 27. 05 27. 12 27.23 27.34 27.52 27. 64 27.71 27.76 27.76 .'Station 7.'')04; 28 .lunc; 45°I6' N'., 4.5°48' W m.; dynamic height 971.053 Icplh 3.,585 0 11. 6;^ 33. 66 0 11.63 33. 66 26 8.70 33.77 25 8.85 33. 76 51 10. 17 34. 98 50 10. 10 34. 91 76 10. 44 3.5. 13 75 10.40 3.5. 13 101 9.17 34.92 IOO 9.25 34.93 153 8.41 :n. 96 1.50 8.45 34. 96 204 6. 95 34.81 200 7.10 34. 82 305 5. 75 34. 87 300 5. 80 :j4. 86 401 .5.41 34. 95 400 5.40 34. 95 597 4.74 34.98 600 4.75 34.98 791 4.24 34. 97 800 4.20 34. 97 989 3.94 34. 95 1,000 - 3.95 34.95 1,484... 3.56 34. 93 25. 64 26. 18 26. 89 27. 00 27.04 27.19 27. 29 27.49 27. 61 27.70 27.77 27.77 Olxserved values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity. Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. °'oo Station 7505; 28 June: 45°14' N., 46°33' W, m.; dyiiainie height 970.966 depth 3,383 0 26 51 77 102 153 204 306.... 403.-.- 606 811.-.. 1,015- 1,532-- 10.71 8.49 4.06 3.38 3.73 3.95 4.38 4. 05 4.03 3.71 3.64 3. 57 3.41 33.58 33.58 34.03 34. 16 34.34 34.53 34.71 34.82 34. 88 34.88 34.89 34.89 34.93 0.... 25-.- .50--- 75 100-- 150-- 200-- 300-- 400- - 600.. 800- - 1,000 10.71 8.50 4.25 3.45 3. 70 3.90 4.35 4. 10 4.05 3.75 3.65 3. 00 25.74 26. 10 26.99 27.18 27.30 27.44 27.53 27.65 27.70 27.73 27.75 27.76 Station 7.506; 28 June: 45°14' N., 47°11' W.; depth 3,329 m.; dynamic height 970.942 0 24.-- 48.-- 72--- 97.-- 144.: 192.- 289.- 398.- 588.- 792.. 994.- 1,505 7.79 5. 86 2.14 2.32 2. .57 3. 05 3.49 4.18 3.98 3.61 3. .57 3. .52 3.40 33.11 33.31 33.99 34. 24 34.32 34. 1'.) 34. lie, 34. 81.' 34. 89 34.84 34. 86 34. 89 34.91 0 25.-- .50--- 75-.- 100- - 1.51). L'( « 1 iiOII- 400. - 600- - 800.- 1,000 7.76 5.80 2. 15 2. 35 2. 60 3. 10 3. .55 4. 15 4. 110 3. (ill 3. 55 3. .55 33.11 33.32 34, 00 34. 25 34.33 34. 51 34.68 34.83 34.89 34.84 34. 86 34.89 25. 84 26. 27 27. 18 27. 36 Station 7.507; 28 June; 45°35' N., 47°44.5' W.; depth 1,317 ni.; djniamic height 971.003 0.-. 25-. .51-. 76-. 103. 153. 204. 307. 407. 610. 814. i,ii: 6. 68 1.95 -0. 46 0.52 ].8() 1.72 2.28 3.23 3. 63 3.67 3. (Ml 3. .54 32.63 32. 99 33.32 33.72 ;«. 11 :i4. 20 34. 45 34. 63 34.74 34. 83 34. 84 34.84 0---- 25--- 50--- 75-.- 100.. 150.- 200.- 300.- 400.. 600- . 800.- 1,000 6. (;8 1.95 -0. 35 0..50 1.70 1.70 2.20 3.15 3.60 3. 65 3.60 3.55 32.63 32.99 33.31 33.71 34.07 34.19 34.43 34. ()2 34.73 34.83 34.84 34. 84 25. 62 26. 36 26.77 27.06 27.27 27.36 27. .52 27. 59 27.63 27.70 27.72 27.72 Station 7.508; 28 June: 45°40' N., 47°54' W. dynamic height 971.005 depth 647 m.; 0 24..- 49... 73... 99... !47.. 196.. 29.5-- 394.. 597.. 6.80 32. 43 0-. 6.80 32. 43 3.73 32. 72 25 3.70 32.72 -0.63 32. 8(i .50 -0.65 32.89 -0.99 33. 23 75 -0.95 33.24 -0.36 33. 42 100 -0. 35 33.42 0.85 33. 86 1.50 0.90 33. 90 1.6S 31. 49 200 1.70 34.49 2.64 34.7! rm) 2.65 34.71 3.31 34. 80 400 3.35 34. 81 3.70 34. 8S (>00 3.70 34.88 25.44 26. 03 26.45 26.75 26.87 27. 19 27.60 27.71 27.72 27.75 106 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA-Continucd Observed values Sealed : •alues Tem- Salin- Tem- Sahn- Depth, pera- ity. Depth, pera- ity. meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, /oo Station 7509; 28 June; 45°46' N.. 48°04' W.; depth 172 m.; dynamic height 971.098 0__ 25. 50_ 76_ 101 152 6.32 5.99 -0.76 -1.14 -0.66 0.06 32. 30 i 32. 32! 32. 82: 33.05 33. 25 33. .561 0-- 25- 50- 75- 100 150 6.32 5.99 -0.76 -1.10 -0. 70 0.05 32.30 32.32 32.82 33. 05 33. 23 33.55 25. 40 25. 46 26.40 26.60 26.73 26.96 Station 7510; 28 June; 4.5°51' N.. 48°12' W.; depth 104 m.: dynamic height 971.091 0 7.69 32. 57 0 7.69 32.57 25.44 26 1.99 32. 51 25 2.20 32.51 25.98 52 -1.26 32.80 .50 -1.00 32.77 26.37 78 -1.02 32.98 75 -1.05 32.95 26. 52 104 -0.28 33.30 100 -0.40 33. 25 26.74 Station 7511; 28 June; 45°56' X.. 4.S°20' W. dynamic height 971.095 depth 91 ni. 0 24._.- 49--- 73—- 8.02 32. 60 7.15 32.60 0. 93 32.81 0. 23 33, 22 0- 25 50 75 8.01 6.80 -0.90 -0.20 32.60 25.42 32.60 25.-58 32.83 26.41 33.24 26.72 Station 7512; 28 June; 46°04' .V . 4S°34' W dynamic height 971.094 depth 75 m.; 0.... 25... 49.- 64-_- 7.83 32. 62 5. 93 32.60 0. 55 32.92 0.17 33. 24 7.83 5.93 -0.55 32. 62' 25. 46 32.60; 25.70 32.93i 26.48 Station 7513; 28 Jime; 46°18' N.. 48°.58' W.; depth 70 m. dynamic lieight 971.095 8.18 32. 66 1 0 8.18 32. 66 5.54 32. 68| 25 5.60 32.67 1.00 32. 91 1 50 1.20 32.89 25.44 25. 78 26.35 Station 7514; 29 June; 4fi°15' N.. 48°35' W.; depth : djmamic height 971.086 0. 25 49 74 7.59 4.97 0.12 0.06 32.60 32.63 32.93 33.34 0--- 25-- 50-- (75) 7.59 4.97 0.10 0.05 32. 60 25. 47 32. 63 25. 83 32. 94 26. 47 33. 35 26. 80 Station 7515; 29 June; 46°12' X., 4S°02' W.; depth 117 m.; dynamic height 971.092 0 7.19 32.49 0 7.19 32.49 25. 52 25 3.11 32.47; 2.5 3.11 32.47 25.88 50 -1.20 32. 78! 50 -1.20 32.78 26.38 75 -1.37 32.94 75 -1.37 32.94 20.52 100 0.13 33.40 100 0.13 33.40 26.84 Observed values Scaled \ alues Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 7516; 29 Jime; 46°10' X., 47°45.o' W. m.; dynamic height 971.102 depth 174 0 5.87 32.28 0 5.87 32.28 25 4.41 32.34 25 4.41 32.34 50 -1.20 32.78 50 -1.20 32.78 /o -1.24 32.95 75 -1.24 32. 95 100 -0.94 33. 18 100 -0.94 33.18 150 -0.06 33.50 150 -0.06 33. 50 25. 56 25.66 26.38 26. 52 26.70 26. 92 Station 7517; 29 June; 46°05' X., 47'"25' W.; depth 649 m.; dynamic height 971.032 0 6.49 32.41 0 6.49 32.41 25 3.99 32.74 25 3.99 32. 74 52 -1.14 33. 025 50 -0.65 33.05 77 -1.14 33.23 75 -1.15 33.25 103 -0.13 33.53 100 -0.20 33. 49 154 1.17 33. 925 1.50 1.05 33.89 206 1.90 34.33 200 1.80 34.28 309 2.95 34. 625 300 2.85 34.60 404 3.54 34. 82 400 3.55 34.81 .593 3.65 34. 85 600 3.65 34.85 25. 47 26.02 26. 58 26.76 26. 92 27.17 27.43 27.60 27.70 27.72 Station 7518; 29 June; 46°04.5' X., 47°10.5' W.; depth 593 m.; dynamic height 970.948 0 6.20 32. 62 0 6.20 32. 62 25 3.08 33.27 25 3.08 33.27 51 0.32 33.63 50 0.35 33.61 76 0.74 33.93 75 0.70 33.92 102 1.62 34.18 100 1.55 34.16 152 2.54 34.46 1.50 2.50 34.45 203 2. 61 34.58 200 2.60 34.57 305 3.03 34.70 300 3.00 34. 69 371 3.43 34.81 400 3.45 34.81 568 3.62 34. 84, 600 3.60 34.84 771 3.58 34. 86, 800 3.60 34. 80 1,088... 3.51 34.88 1,000... 3.55 34.87 26. 52 26.99 27.22 27.35 27.51 27.60 27.66 27.71 27.72 27.74 27.75 Station 7519; 29 June; 46°05.5' X"., 47°32' \V.; depth 686 m.; dynamic height 970.931 0 7.89 33. 32 0 7.89 33. 32 25 6.50 33. 92 2.5 6.50 33.92 51 3.96 34.22 50 4.00 34.21 76 4.02 34 40 /.o 4.00 34.39 102 4.04 34.46 100 4.05 34.45 152 4. 10 34. 66 150 4.10 34. 65 203 4.30 34.78 200 4. .30 34.77 303 4.25 34. 86 300 4.25 34.86 407 3.74 34.86 400 3.80 34. 86 601 3.70 34.87 600 3.70 34.87 25.98 26.66 27.18 27.32 27.36 27. 52 27. 60 27. 67 27. 72 27.74 Station 7520; 29 June; 46°04' X"., 45°59' W.; depth 1,829 r n.; ayi amic neig ni y/u.yb i 0 7.84 33. 25 0 7.84 33.25 25 7.94 33. 62 25 7.94 33.62 50 5.40 34.02 50 5.40 34.02 75 1.55 33.99 75 1.55 33.99 100 2.72 34. 28 100 2.72 34.28 149 2.90 34. 39 150 2.90 34.39 198 3.09 34.51 200 3.10 34.51 298 4.41 34.88 300 4.40 34.88 371 4.03 34. 86 400 4.00 34.87 560 3.90 34.90 1 600 3.85 34.90 752 3.67 34.90 ' 800 3.05 34.89 943 3.59 34.86 1,000... 3.55 34.86 1,424..- 3.45 34.87 25. 94 26. 23 26.88 27.21 27.35 27.43 27.51 27.66 27.71 27.74 27.75 27.74 107 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, "loo meters ture, °C. "loo Station 7521; 29 .Tune; 46°00' N., 45''18' W.; deptli 3,072 ni.; dynamic height 970.946 0 9.14 33.43 n 9.14 33.43 22.. 9.06 33.68 25 8.60 33, 72 45 3.99 34.11 50 3, 90 34. 13 67 3.65 34.19 75 3.70 34.24 90 3.86 34.35 100' 3.90 34.39 135 3.93 34.57 150 4,50 34. 67 180 5.69 34.89 200 5. 65 34.92 270 5.41 35. 00 300 ,5.10 34.97 376 4. 24 34.90 400 4.15 34.90 569 3.69 34,88 600 3.60 34.88 767 3. .53 34,87 800 3.55 34.88 955 3.49 34, 88 1,000.. _ 3.50 34.88 1,424__. 3.42 34.91 25. 89 26. 20 27. 12 27.23 27.33 27.49 27. 56 27.66 27.71 27.75 27.75 27.76 Station 7.522; 29 .lune; 45°59' N., 44°33' W. m.; dynamic height 970.924 depth 3,695 0 9.82 34.06 0 9.82 34. 06 25 9.19 34. 06 25 9.19 34.06 51 6. 60 34.34 ,50 6. 75 34. 33 76 ,5. 19 34.47 75 5. 25 34.47 102 4..'i9 34. 59 100 4. 65 34. 58 152 4. OS 34.67 150 4.10 34. 67 204 3.91 34. 76 200 3.95 34. 75 306 3.88 34. 85 300 3.90 34. 85 408 3. 95 34.91 400 3. 95 34.90 607 3.81 34.92 600 3.80 34,91 803 3.62 34.90 800 3. 65 34, 90 1,006... 3. 65 34.92 1,000_-- 3. 65 34.92 1,515... 3.42 34.93 26.27 26.37 26. 94 27.25 27.40 27.54 27. 61 27.70 27.73 27.76 27.76 27.78 Station 7.523; 30 .Tune; 46°22' .\., 44'"-40' W.; <]o])th 1,737 ni.; dvnainic heiiilit 970. ns.") 0 9.17 33. 99 0 9.17 33. 99 25 7. 15 34. 28 25 7.15 34.28 .52 4.01 34. 46 50 4.25 34. 45 77 3.77 34. 51 75 3.80 34.50 103 3. 51 34. 57 100 3. 55 34. 63 154 3. 63 34.71 150 3. 65 34.69 205 3. 63 34.79 200 3. fi5 34.78 308 3. 60 34.84 300 3.60 34.84 407 3. 62 34. 86 400 3. fiO 34. 86 606 3. ,54 34. 87 600 3. 55 34.87 802 3.47 34.87 800 3. 50 34.87 1,006... 3.47 34.87 1,000... 3. 45 34. ,87 1,519... 3.46 34.91 26, 32 26, 85 27,34 27.43 27.55 27.59 27. 66 27.72 27.74 27. 75 27. 76 27.76 Station 7524; 30 June; 46°28' N., 44°44' W.; depth 633 m.; dynamic height 970.906 0... 25.. 51.. 76.. 102. 152. 204. 30(). 406. 605. 9.28 8.63 3.88 3.27 3. 25 3.42 3. 7f) 3. 70 3. 69 3.64 33. 96 34.02 34. 35 34.47 34. 53 34, 66 34, 83 34,84 34. 86 34,88 0.. 25. .50. 100 1.50 200 300 400 600 9,28 8, 63 4, 05 3.30 3, 25 3,40 3.75 3. 70 3.70 3.65 33. 96 34. 02 34.34 34. 4() 34. 52 34. 65 34.81 34.84 34. 86 34.87 26.28 26.43 27.28 27. 45 27. 50 27.59 27. 68 27.71 27.73 27.74 Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. meters ture, °C. °/oo Station 7525; 30 June; 46°33' X., 44°46' W.; depth 217 m.; dynamic height 970.942 0 9.10 33.99 0 9.10 33.99 25 8.37 33.98 25 8.37 33.98 .50 6.46 34.16 50 6.46 34.16 75 3.41 34. 15 75 3.41 34.15 100 3.25 34.33 100 .... 3.25 34.33 150 3.26 34. 52 150 3.26 34.52 200 3,47 34. 65 200 3.47 34.65 26.33 26.44 26. 85 27. 19 27.33 27.50 27.58 Station 7526; 30 June; 46°39' N., 44°48' W.; depth 169 m. dynamic height 970.928 0 9,18 34,01 0 9.18 34.01 25 6,65 34,02 25 6.65 34. 02 50 4.22 34,06 50 4.22 34. 06 75 3,23 34.25 75 3.23 34.25 100 3,41 34.38 100 3.41 34.38 150 3,64 34. 60 150 3.64 34.60 26.34 2f). 72 27. 04 27.13 27. 37 27.52 Station 7527; 30 June; 46°53' N., 44°55' W.; depth 153m.: dynamic height 970.938 0 25. -. 50... 75... 100- . 135.. 9.34 8.72 5.67 3.42 3.48 3.44 33.98 33.99 34. 05 34. 22 34.42 34. 50 0 25... 50... 75... 100.. (150) 9.34 8.72 5.67 3.42 3.48 3.45 33.98 33.99 34.05 34.22 34.42 34.53 26.29 26.39 26.87 27. 24 27. 40 27.48 Station 7528; 30 .Tune; 46°53'.N'., 45°13' W.; depth 224 m.; dynamic height 970.935 0 9.47 33.98 0 .- 9.47 33,98 2,5 8.73 33.94 25 8,73 33,94 50 5.71 34.05 50 5,71 34.05 74 3.49 34. 30 75 3,50 34.30 99 3.47 34. 42 100 3,45 34.42 148 3. 36 M. .56 150 3,35 34.57 198 3.66 34.71 (200) - . . 3,65 34.71 26,26 26, 35 •26, 86 27.30 27. 40 27. 53 27. 61 Station 7.529; 30 June; 46°S0' .V., 45°42' W.; depth 281 m. dynamic height 970.954 0 9.30 33, 82 0 9.30 33.82 25 8.75 33.87 25 8.75 33.87 49 5, 59 33. 99 .50 5.60 33.99 74 5, 69 34. 09 75 5. 65 34.09 98 3, 26 34. 19 100 3. 25 34.20 147 3,71 34. 54 1.50 3. 70 34.55 196 3,81 34. 73 200 3.80 34.73 255 3,77 34.74 26.17 26.30 26. 82 26. 90 27. 24 27.48 27. 61 Station 7530; 30 Jmie; 46°48' N., 46°07' W.; depth 329 m. dynamic height 970.955 0 24 49 74 99 147..- . 197 296 9. 36 8.39 8.79 3. 66 3. 35 3.67 3.77 3.71 33.74 33. 91 34. 02 34. 08 34. 26 34. ,53 34.73 34. 86 0... 25- .50- . 75-- 100. 1,50. 200. (300) 9.36 8.40 8. 75 3. 65 3.35 3.70 3.75 3.70 33.74 33.91 34.02 34.09 34.27 34.54 34.73 34.87 26. 09 26.38 26.40 27.12 27. 29 27.47 27. 61 27.74 108 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA-Continued Observed values Scaled -^ •alues Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/co meters ture, °C. 7oo Station 7531: 30 June; 46°49' N., 46°34' W.; depth 622 m.; djTiamic height 970.908 0 8.16 33.52 0 8.16 33.52 19 8.08 33.66 25 6.95 33.82 39 4.08 34.28 50 3.25 34.30 58 2.57 34.32 75 2.70 34.36 78 2.77 34.37 100 3.15 34. 45 117 3.49 34. 515 150 3.90 34.71 156 4.01 34.75 200 3.85 34.78 235 3.75 34.81 300 3.75 34.85 304 3.76 34.85 400 3.65 34. 86 444 3.62 34. 87 26.12 26.52 27.32 27.42 27.45 27.59 27. 64 27.71 27.73 Station 7532; 30 June; 46°50' N., 46°49' W.; depth 1,234 m.; djTiamic height 970.895 0 8.05 33.51 0 8.05 33. 51 25 4.37 33.59 25 4.37 33. 59 50 2.81 34.12 50 2.81 34. 12 75 2.32 34.32 75 2.32 34.32 100 2.98 34.47 100 2.98 34.47 148 2.52 34.53 150 2. 55 34. 53 198 2.82 34.64 200 2.85 34. 65 298 3.75 34.85 300 3.75 34. 85 396 3. 70 34.87 400 3.70 34.87 593 3.61 34.88 600 3.60 34. 88 782 3.50 34.89 800 3.50 34.89 1,090.-- 3.46 34.90 1,000.-. 3.50 34.90 26. 12 26. 65 27. 23 27. 42 27. 49 27. 57 27. 64 27.71 27. 74 27. 75 27. 77 27.78 Station 7533; 30 June; 46°52' N., 47°17' \V. dynamic height 970.995 depth 622 m.; 0 6.74 32.64 0 6.74 32. 64 23 5.10 32. 69 25 4.95 32. 72 47 1.37 33.17 50 1.25 33.20 70 -0.44 33.49 75 -0.30 33. 52 94 0.45 33.65 100 0.50 33.71 140 1.11 34.07 150 1.35 34.13 186 2.13 34.38 200 2. 20 34.42 280 2.84 34.79 300 3.00 34. 66 369 3.62 34.62 400 3.60 34.81 547 3.63 34. 865 (600)-.-- 3.65 34.88 25.54 25.90 26. 61 26. 95 27. 06 27.35 27.52 27. 64 27. 70 27.74 Station 7534; 30 June; 46°51' N., 47°25' W., depth 320 m.; djTiamic height 971.018 0--. 23- 47-. 70.. 94. 141 188 282 6.76 1.85 -1.47 -1.28 -0.16 1.24 1.92 2.66 32.47 32.77 33.01 33.28 33. 52 34.00 34.28 34.52 0... 25-- 50.. 75- 100. 150. 200. (300) 6.76 1.65 -1.45 -1.05 -0. 05 1.35 2.00 2. 32. 47 32. 78 33.03 33.32 33.58 34. 05 34.30 34.56 25. 48 26. 24 26. 59 26. 81 26.98 27.27 27.43 27.57 Station 7535; 30 June; 46°.50' N., 47°44' W.; depth 170 m. dynamic height 971.037 0.--. 25--- 51... 76... 102- . 152.. 6.03 1.14 -1.54 -1.46 -0.70 0.29 32. 30 32.48 32. 85 32.99 33.25 33. 53 0.- 25- 50- 75- 100 150 6.03 1.14 -1.45 -1.45 -0.75 0.25 32. 30 32.48 32.82 32. 98 33.23 33.52 25. 44 26.04 26.42 26.55 26.73 26.93 Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, I)era- ity, meters ture, °C. "loo meters ture, °C. °/oo Station 7536; 1 July; 46°49' N., 48°14' W.; depth 119 m.; dynamic height 971.074 0.- 25- 51. 76- 102 7.26 32.33 3.77 32. 56 -0.86 32.85 -0.93 33.03 0.06 33.33 0--. 25.. 50- 75. 100 7.26 32.33 3.77 32. 56 -0.75 32.84 -0.90 33.02 0.00 33.30 25.31 25.89 26.42 26.57 26.75 Station 7537; 1 July; 46°48' N., 48°44' W.; depth 93 m.; dynamic height 971.079 0 7.01 32. 44 0 7.01 32.44 25.43 26 5.27 32. 44 25 5.30 32.44 25.64 53 0.32 32. 87 50 0.90 32. 82 26.32 79 -0.08 33.26 75 0.00 33.21 26.69 station 75:i.s: 6 July; 50°03' N., 49°05' W.; dci)th 1,728 dynamic height 970.853 0 8.52 33.81 0 8.52 33.81 24 6.25 34. 33 25 6. 20 34.34 49 4.05 34. 56 50 4.00 34. 56 73 3.38 34. 66 75 3.40 34.67 97 3.47 34. 72 100 3.45 34.73 147 3.41 34. 78 150 3.40 34.78 196 3.44 34.81 200 3. 50 34.81 293 3.51 34.84 300 3. 50 34.84 388 3.52 34.88 400 3.50 34.87 582 3.45 34.87 600 3.45 34.87 778 3.34 34.87 800 3.35 34.87 978 3.36 34.88 1,000 .-- 3.35 34.88 1,483..-. 3.40 34. 92 26.28 27.02 27.46 27.61 27.64 27.69 27.71 27.73 27.76 27.76 27.77 27.77 Station 7539; 6 July; 49°52' X., 49°36' W.; depth 1,170 m.; djmamic height 970.892 0 7.81 32. 68 0 7.81 32.68 24 0.59 33. 85 25 0.60 33.86 48 0.51 34.03 50 0.55 34.05 72 1.81 34.30 75 1.80 34.31 97 1.92 34. 42 100 2. 00 34.42 144 2.45 34. 51 150 2. 50 34.53 192 2.76 34.62 200 2. 80 34.63 289 3.26 34.78 300 3. 30 34.78 386 3.40 34.82 400 3.40 34. 82 580 3.38 34.85 600 3. 40 34. 85 776 3.45 34.87 800 3.45 34.87 976 3.44 34.87 1,000..-- 3.45 34.88 1,130...- 3.45 34.89 25.50 27.17 27.33 27.46 27. 53 27.57 27.62 27.70 27.73 27.75 27.76 27.76 Station 7540; 6 July; 49°45' N., 50°00' W.; depth 627 m.; dyniamic height 970.946 0-- 24- 48- 72- 97- 144 192 289. 386 581 7. 95 32. 18 1 0--.- 4.66 33.01 25..- -0. 81;;33. 69 50__. 0.06 :«. SS 75_-_ 1.45 34. I.^i 100- . 1.49 :«. ::12.i 1.50-. 2.511 :i4. .=1.5 , 200-- 3.21 '4\.7\ H(l(l-- 3. :j'.i -H Ml inii-- 3. 42 :j4. s:j ,, (.liUO) 7.95 4.55 -0. 75 0. 20 1.45 1.60 2.55 3.25 3.40 3.45 32.18 33.05 33. 70 33.91 34.16 34.35 34.57 34.75 34.80 34.83 25.88 26.20 27.11 27.24 27.36 27.42 27.61 27.68 27.71 27.72 109 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA-Continucd Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, \h pth. pera- ity, meters ture, °C. -loo mt ters ture, °C. °/oo Station 7541; 6 July; 49°34' N., 50°28' W.; depth 336 m.; dynamic height 970.994 0 8.74 31.87 0 8.74 31.87 24.74 25 2.18 32. 82 25 2.18 32. 82 26. 24 51 -1.44 33. 09 50 -1.25 33.09 20. 71 7fi -0.87 33.34 75 -0.90 33.33 26. 82 102 -0.10 33.72 100 -0. 20 33.70 27.09 152 0.88 34. 09 150 0.80 34. 07 27.33 203 2.15 34.43 200 2. 05 34.41 27. 52 305 3.21 34. 76 300 3.35 34.75 27. 67 Station 7542: 6 July; 49°24' N., 51°01' W.; depth 340 ni. dynamic height 971.066 0 9.15 30. 40 0 9.15 30.40 25 1.54 32. 53 25 1.54 32. 53 50 -1.24 32.92 50 -1.24 32. 92 75 -1.30 33.12 75 -1.30 33. 12 101 -1.30 33. 30 100 -1.31) 33. 30 151 0.39 33. 77 150 0. :i5 33. 76 201 1.45 34. 16 200 1.45 34. 15 302 2.74 34. 60 300 2.70 34.58 23. 52 26. 05 26. 50 26. 66 26. 80 27.07 27. 35 27. 59 Station 7543; 6 July; 49°13' N., 51°32' W.; depth 320 m. dynamic height 971.066 0.- 24. 49. 74. 99. 147 197 296 9.74 30. 21 -0.52 32.19 -0.67 32. 81 -1.26 33.13 -1.23 33. 32 -0. 24 33. 76 1.63 34. 16 3.05 34. 67 0.... 25... 50--- 75--- 100- . 150.. 200.. (300) 9. 74 30.21 -0.55 32. 21 -0.70 32,81 -1.25 33.14 -1.20 33. 33 -0. 15 33. 78 1.71) ;«. 18 3.15 34. 69 23.28 2.5.90 26. 40 26. 67 26. 83 27.15 27. 35 27. 64 Station 7544; 6 July; 49°06' N., 51°51' \V. dynamic height 971.091 depth 294 m.: 0... 25.. 50-. mi. 149- 199- 274- 8.91 4.99 -0. 75 -1.45 -1.18 -0.63 0.88 2.55 30. 18 32. 22 32. 90 33. 04 33.18 33. 58 34.00 34. 46 0.-.- 25... .50... 75... 100.- 1.50- - 200. - (300) 8.91 4.99 -0. 75 -1.45 -1.18 -0. 60 0.85 3.10 30.18 32. 22 32. 90 33. 04 33.18 33. 59 34.01 34. 62 23. 39 25. 50 26. 46 26. 60 26.70 26. 95 27. 28 27. 60 Station 7545; 6 July; 49°00' N.. 52°08' \V.; depth 294 m. dynamic height 971.152 0... 25.. 51. 76 102 1.52 202 278 10.58 -1.11 -1.42 -1.58 -1.57 -1.50 -0.95 2.04 30. 66 32. 45 i2. 67 32.74 32. 80 32. 91 33.44 34.315 0.--. 25-.- 50-.. 75-.. 100. . 150- . 200.. (300) 10. 58 -1. 11 -1.40 -l.,55 -l.,50 -1.50 -0. 95 2.80 30. 66 32. 45 32. 66 32. 74 32. 79 32. 90 33.42 34. 53 23.50 20. 12 26.29 26. 34 26. 40 2(). 48 26. 90 27. 55 Station 7546; 7 July; 48°52' N., 52°27' W.; depth 355 m. dynamic height 971.168 0-- 19. 39. 59. 79. 118 157 236 8.41 4.38 -1.37 -1.62 -1.57 -1.47 -1.33 0. 20 31.74 32. 22 32. 70 32. 79 32.84 32. 90 32. 94 33. 5() 0..-- 25 - 50 . 75 -- 100.- 150.- 200. . (300) 8.41 2.70 -1.50 -1.60 -1.50 -l.:j5 -0. 45 1.65 31.74 32.37 32.75 32. 83 32.87 32. 93 33. 28 34.07 24. 68 25. 83 26. 36 26. 43 26. 46 26. 51 26. 76 27.28 Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °lco Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Station 7547; 7 July; 48°46' N., 52°40' W.; depth 236 m. dynamic height 971.164 0-- 25- 52. 75. 99. 149 199 10.03 5.39 -1.43 -0. 94 -1.33 -1.13 -0.40 31.04 32. 20 32.75 32. 85 32. 93 33.19 33. 52 0 25-.. 50 75.-.. 100-.. 150--- 200.-- 10.03 5.39 -1.43 -0.94 -1.35 -1.10 -0.90 31.04 32.20 32.75 32.85 32. 94 33.20 33.53 23.88 25.43 26.36 26. 43 26.52 26. 72 26.98 Station 7548; 7 July; 48°44' N., 52°45' W.; depth 163 m; dynamic hei-jht 971.155 0.- 25- 50- 75- 100 150 9.35 2.56 -1.49 -1.59 -1.49 -1.09 31 . 03 32.35 32. 75 32. 82 32. 94 33. 16 0.. 25. .50. 75- 100 150 9.35 2.56 -1.49 -1.59 -1.49 -1.09 31.03 32. 35 32.75 32.82 32.94 33.16 23. 99 25.83 26.36 26.43 26.52 26.68 Station 7.549; July; 48°44' N., 52°57' W.; depth dynamic height 971.167 0 12. 25 30.78 0 12.25 30. 78 25 -0. 88 32. 41 25 -0.88 32.41 52 -1.40 32. 59 50 -1.35 32.57 77 -1.47 32. 69 75 -1.45 32.68 23.29 26. 08 26. 22 26. 31 Station 7550; 7 July; 48°38' N., 52°44' W.; depth 158 m.; dynamic height 971.138 0-. 25- 51. 103 153 9. 59 -0.41 -1.44 -1.52 -1.47 -1.40 31.18 32. 45 32. 68 :^2. 81) ;«. 91 32. 96 0.- 25. 50. 75. 100 150 9.59 -0.41 -1.40 -1.50 -1.50 -1.40 31.18 32.45 32.67 32.79 32. 89 32. 96 24. 06 26.09 26. 30 26.40 26.47 26.53 Station 7551; 7 July; 48°34' N., 52°34' W.; depth 236 m. dynamic height 971.129 0... 26. - 51.. 77.. 102. 152- 203- 9.58 3. 21 -1.47 -1.63 -1.43 -1.22 -0.47 31.40 32.31 32. 72 32. 79 32. 89 :«. 195 33.47 0-- 25- 50. 75- 100 1.50 200 9.58 3.30 -1.40 -1.60 -1.45 -1.25 -0.50 31.40 32. 30 32. 71 32.78 32.88 33.18 33.45 24. 24 25. 72 26.33 26.39 26. 47 26.70 26.90 Station 7552; 7 .July; 48°18' N., 52°01' W.; depth 179 m.; dynamic height 971.134 0-. 25. 51. 77. 103 153 10.35 31.29 0 10. 35 31.29 6. 81 32. 14 25 6.81 32.14 -1.48 32. 73 50 -1.40 32.72 -1.52 32. 83 75 -1..50 32.82 -1.38 32. 94 100 -1.35 32.93 -0. 76 33. 36 150 -0. 80 33.34 24.03 25. 22 26. 34 26. 42 26. 51 26. 82 Station 7553; July; 48°12' N.. 51°48' W.; depth 177 m.; dynamic height 971.142 0-. 26- 52.. 78-' 104. 145. 10. 43' 4. 45 -1.39 -1.53 -1.42 -1.25 31.35 32. 05 32. 61 32. 76 32. 88 33. 10 0 25... 50-.- 75-.. 100.. (150) 10. 42 4. 50 -1.20 -1.50 -1.45 -1.20 31.35 32,04 32. 58 32.74 32.86 33.12 24.06 25.41 26. 22 26.36 26.45 26.66 110 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA- Continued Observed values Scaled \ -alues Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "loo meters ture, °C. 7oo Station 7554; July; 48°04' X., 51°30' W.; depth 164 m.; dynamic height 971.116 0 - 11.00 31.58 0 11.00 31.58 25 0.53 32.43 25 0.53 32.43 50 -1.39 32.66 50 -1.39 32.66 74 -1.52 32.78 75 -1.50 32.78 99 -1.41 32.89 100 -1.45 32. 90 149 0.06 33. 34 150 0.10 33.35 24.14 26. 03 26.29 26.39 26. 54 26.80 Station 7555; ■ July; 47°55' N., 51°12' W.; depth 142 m.; dynamic height 971.097 0 9.34 32.05 0 9.34 32.05 25 1.83 32.58 25 1.83 32,58 50 -1.32 32.78 50 -1.32 32.78 75 -1.19 32.86 75 -1.19 32.86 100 -0.36 33.14 100 -0.36 33.14 130 0.01 33.30 24.78 26.07 26.36 26.45 26.64 Station 7556; 7 July; 47°48' N.. 50°53' W.; depth 140 m.; dynamic height 971.098 0 9.06 32.12 0 9.06 32.12 25 3.44 32.47 25 3.44 32. 47 50 -0.53 32.77 50 -0.53 32.77 75 -0.51 33.02 75 -0.51 33.02 100 -0.04 33.27 100 -0.04 33.27 24.88 25.85 26.35 26.55 26.73 Station 7557; 7 July; 47°40' N., 50°34' W.; depth 135 m.; djTiamic height 971.105 0-- 25. 50- 75- 100 8.77 4.76 0.63 0.01 0.11 32.18 32.34 32.79 32.94 33.27 0.- 25- 50. 75- 100 ». II 4.76 0.63 0.01 0.11 32. 18 32.34 32.79 32.94 33.27 24.97 25.62 26.32 26.47 26.73 Station 7558; July; 47°32' N., 50°17' W.; depth 98 m.; dynamic height 971.109 0 8.97 32.13 0 8.97 32.13 25 6.05 32.47 25 6.05 32.47 50 1.65 32.72 50 1.65 32.72 75 -0.21 33.08 75 -0.21 33.08 90 -0.03 33.16 (100)--. 0.05 33. 21 24.90 25.53 26.19 26.59 26.69 Station 7559; 7 July; 47°28' N., 50°00' W.; depth 86 m. djTiamic height 971.102 0 9.12 32.30 0 9.12 32.30 25 6.36 32.58 25 6.36 32. 58 50 0.89 32.78 50 0.89 32. 78 70 -0.73 32.98 (75)---. -1.00 33.03 25.01 25.62 26.29 26.57 Station 7560; 8 Julv; 47°45' N.. 49°47' W.; dei)th lUl m.; dynamic height 971.098 0 8.41 32.23 0 8.41 32. 23 25 4.24 32.47 25 4.24 32.47 50 -0.24 32. 80 50 -0.24 32.80 75 -0.15 33.03 75 -0.15 33. 03 100 -0.16 33.17 100 -0. 16 33.17 25.06 25. 77 26.37 26.55 26. 66 Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salm- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. 7oo Station 7561; 8 July; 47°58' N., 49°44' W.; depth 170 m.; dynamic height 971.066 0 8.74 31.64 0 8.74 31.64 25 1.72 32.56 25 1.72 32. 56 50 -1.36 32.81 50 -1.36 32. 81 75 -1.44 32.98 75 -1.44 32.98 100 -1.40 33.03 100 -1.40 33.03 150 0.57 33.75 150 0.57 33.75 24.55 26.06 26. 41 26.55 26.59 27.09 Station 7562; 8 July; 48°09' N., 49°37' W.; depth 212 m.; dynamic height 971.097 0 8.42 31.50 0 8.42 31.50 25 -0. 57 32.62 25 -0.57 32. 62 50 -1.57 32.81 50 -1.57 32.81 75 -1.39 32.94 75 -1.39 32.94 100 -1.44 33.09 100 -1.44 33.09 150 -0.22 33. 55 150 -0.22 33. 55 200 1.56 34.14 200 1.56 34.14 24.49 26. 23 26. 42 26. 52 26. 63 26. 97 27.33 Station 7563; 8 Julv; 48°29' X., 49°22' W.; depth 603 m. dynamic height 971.034 0 9.43 31.25 0 9.43 31.25 22 7.42 32.67 25 7.15 32. 70 46 5.34 32.83 50 4.00 32. 95 68 -0.89 33.43 75 -0.70 33.47 92 0.15 33.57 100 0.10 33.60 136 1.35 34.115 1.50 1.50 34.18 182 1.83 34.31 20(1 2.00 34.37 273 2.79 34. 64 300 2.90 34.67 365 3.14 34. 745 400 3.25 34.76 551 3.56 34.84 (600)-.-- 3.65 34.86 24.15 25. 61 26. 18 26. 93 27.04 27.37 27.49 27.66 27.69 27.73 Station 7564; 8 July; 48°36' N., 49°19' \V. m.; dynamic height 970.988 depth 1,097 0 25.... 51..- 76--- 102.- 151.. 202-- 304.- 404.- 604.- 803- - 1, 002 9.83 3.59 -1.01 0.09 0.72 0.53 2.08 3.00 3.20 3.45 3.60 3.48 31.86 32.84 33. 29 33.74 33.99 34. 16 34.45 34.71 34.78 34.84 34.88 34.89 0 25--- 50--. 75---, 100--, 150--, 200.., 300-- 400-- 600.- 800- - 1,000 9.83 3.59 -0.95 0.05 0.65 0.55 2.00 2.95 3.20 3.45 3.60 3.50 31.86 32.84 33, 30 33.74 33.97 34.15 34.44 34.70 34.77 34.84 34.88 34.89 24.55 26. 14 26. 57 27.11 27. 26 27.33 27.54 27.67 27.71 27.73 27.75 27.77 Station 7565; 8 July; 49°03' N., 49°13' W.; depth 1,728 m.; dynamic height 970.875 0 9.48 32.88 0 9.48 32. 88 25 6.10 34.14 25 6.10 34.14 51 3.37 34.50 50 3.40 34.49 76 3.12 34. 64 75 3.15 34.64 102 3.16 34.71 100 3.15 34.70 152 3.35 34. 76 150 3.35 34.76 202 3.41 34.81 200 3.40 34.81 304 3.45 34.84 300 3.45 34.83 406 3.44 34.84 400 3.45 34.84 608 3.49 34 S5 noo 3.50 34.85 809 3.42 :-il ss Mill 3.45 34.88 1,012--- 3.45 :u. Ml l.OUO.-- 3.45 34.89 1,522-.- 3.38 34.93 1 25.40 26.88 27.46 27.60 27.65 27. 68 27. 72 27. 72 27.73 27.74 27.76 27.77 m TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA- Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7co Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, %o Station 750(1; 8 July: 49°36' N., 49°09' W. m.; Tiamic height 1454.612 0-- 26- 51- 76 102- 152 203- 305- 404- 604 807 1.011--- 1.509.-- 2.016.-- 2.522-- 3.234--- 7.55 34.48 0 7.55 34.48 5.98 34.68 25 6.00 34. 68 4.27 34.71 50 4.35 34.71 3.75 34.73 75 3.75 34.73 3.46 34.73 100 3.50 34.73 3.34 34.77 150 3.35 34.78 3.36 34. 795 200 3.35 34.79 3.47 34.83 300 3.45 34.83 3.45 34. 84 400 3.45 34.84 3.39 34. S.n con 3.40 34.85 3.29 34. s.".."i MH) 3.30 34.85 3.29 34. Mi l.dOIL-- 3.30 34.86 3.43 34. 90 1.500--- 3.40 34. 90 3.35 34.94 2.94 34.95 1.61 34.90 26.95 27.32 27.54 27.61 27. 64 27.69 27.70 27. 72 27. 73 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.79 Observed values Scaled \ alues Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, %o Station 7580; 11 July; 55°50' N., 51°40' W.; depth 3,493 m.; d>^lamic height 1454.617 0 24- 48 72- 96 143 190 286 382 575 772 972 1.466.-- 1,967.-. 2.47,5... 2.981... 3. 399. - - 6.26 3.95 3.81 3.68 3.54 3.43 3. 34':« 3. 35 ;« 3. 34 34 34.63 34. 665 34.67 34.71 34.74 34,77 34.79 3.23 3.24 3.47 3,38 3.19 2.63 1.66 0 25--- 50--- 75--- 100.. 150.. 200.. 300-- 4(1(1-. (KIO-- 800- - 1,000 1, 500 6.20 3.90 3.75 3.65 3.55 3.40 3.35 3.35 :3. 35 3.25 3.25 3.45 34.63 34.67 34.68 34.71 34.74 34. 77 34. 79 34.81 34.83 34.85 34.85 34.86 34.90 27.02 27.30 27.56 27.60 27.63 27.67 27.70 27.72 27.73 27.75 27.76 27.77 27.78 7581; 11 July; 56°26' N., 50°30' W.; depth 3,658 m.; djniamic height 1454.636 0 7.94 34.58 0 7.94 34.58 25 6.79 34.58 25 6.79 34. .58 51 5.16 34.64 50 5.20 34.64 76 4.11 34. 735 75 4.20 34.73 102 3.83 34. 795 100 3.85 34.79 151 3.82 :-i4- N.I.". l.ill 3.85 34.85 202 3. 64 ■.u sJ." ■_'( II 1 3.65 34.83 304 3. ()5 :-;i. >..■. :(ii(i 3.65 34.85 403 3.58 ■M s7 mil 3. 55 34.87 602 3.41 ■A I Mi liiiii :i.45 34.86 800 3. 32 34- S4 Mill- 3.35 34.84 996 3.29 :-;4 S4 1. ii(i(i-_ . ;i30 34.84 1.486--- 3.47 .■■!4 vs l..'(IIL 3.45 34.87 1.992--- 3. 4( 1 ■.a. .Ml.-, 2.492--- 3.12 34.91 3.002... 2.68 34.91 3.500... 1.65 34.90 3.600... 1.59 :i4 ^'.1 26.97 27.14 27.39 27.57 27. 65 27.70 27.70 27.72 27.75 27.75 27.74 27.75 27.76 Station 7582; 11 .)uly; 57"00' N., 49°27' W.; depth 3,694 m.; dynamic height 1454.603 0 7.87 34.64 0 7.87 34.64 25 5.75 34.69 25 5.75 34.69 50 3.96 34.70 50 3.96 34.70 76 3.40 34.71 75 3.40 34.71 101 3.40 :34.75 100 li.iO 34.75 1.51 3.40 34.78 150 3.45 34.78 201 3.68 :34. 84 200 3.65 34.84 302 3.57 34. 855 300 3.60 34. 85 402 3.45 34.85 400 3.45 34.85 604 3.44 34.87 600 3.45 34.87 810 3.44 34.88 800 3.45 34.89 1,018--- 3.48 .34. 90 1,000--- 3.50 34.90 1,511-.- 3.44 34.91 1,500. . . 3.45 34.91 2,015--- :3.37 34. 93 2,515... 3.12 34. 945 3,018... 2.74 34. 94 3,517... 1.79 34.915 3,616... 1.70 34. 90 1 1 27.03 27.36 27.57 27. 63 27.67 27.68 27.71 27.73 27.74 27.76 27.77 27.78 27.79 113 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA— Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity. Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "loo meters ture, 7oo Station 7583; 12 July; 57°33' N., 48°20' W. ; depth 3,475 m.; dynamic height 1454.602 0 6.94 34.69 0 6.94 34.69 27.20 25 6.41 34. 70 25 6.41 34.70 27.28 50 4.27 34.79 50. 4.27 34.79 27.61 75 4.06 34.87 75 4.06 34.87 27.70 100 4.39 34.93 100 4.39 34.93 27.71 150 4.20 34.82 150 4.20 34.92 27.72 200 4.01 34.90 200 4.01 34.90 27.73 300 3.74 34.88 300 3.74 34.88 27.74 401 3. 60 34. SS 400 3.60 34.88 27. 75 599 3. 35 34. S6 600 3.35 34. 86 27. 76 799 3.37 34. s.^,-, ,S(M) 3.40 34.86 27.76 996 3.3(1 34. SC, 1,000... 3.30 34.86 27.77 1,505... 3.47 34. S'.).^, 1,.500--. 3.45 34.89 27. 77 2.007... 3. 3S 34. 93 2,509... 3. 05 34. 95 3,003- -. 2.59 34.93 3.340- -. 1.78 34.90 Station 7584; 12 July; 58°05' N.. 47°07' W.; depth 3,200 m.; dynamic height 1454.608 0 7.18 34.72 0 7.18 34.72 25 6.27 34.72 25 6.27 34.72 50 5.29 34.80 ,50 5.29 34.80 75 4.86 34. 90 75 4.86 34.90 101 4.73 34. 93 100 4.75 34.93 152 4.71 34. 96 150 4.75 34.96 202 4.34 34.93 200 4.35 34.93 303 4.10 34. 92 300 4.10 34.92 404 3.98 34. 925 400 4.00 34.92 604 3.70 34.90 600 3.70 34.90 805 3. .56 34.89 800 3.60 34.89 1.004... 3. 52 34.89 1.000 .. 3.50 34.89 1,498... 3.50 34. 92 1,.500-.- 3.50 34.92 2,000.-- 3.31 34.94 2,503--- 2.84 34.93 3,000. . . 1.90 34.91 27.19 27.32 27. .50 27.63 27.66 27.69 27.71 27.74 27. 75 27. 76 27. 76 27.77 27.80 Station 7585; 12 July; 58°36' N., 46°02' W.; depth 2.578 m.; dynamic height 1454.630 0 7.32 34,72 0 7.32 34.72 25 6.08 34.72 25 6. 08 34.72 51 .5.27 .34. 92 ,50 ,5.30 34.92 76 5.19 34. 95 75 .5.20 34.95 101 5. 02 34. 95 KX) 5.05 34.95 153 4.78 34. 955 150 4.85 34.95 204 4.35 34.915 200 4.40 34.92 305 4.01 34. 875 300 4.05 34.88 406 3.95 34.89 400 .3.95 34. 89 607 3.79 34.88 600 3.80 34.88 807 3. .55 34.86 800 .3.60 34.86 1,(HW.-- 3.63 34.88 1,000... 3.65 34.88 1,502... 3.34 34.92 1,500-.- 3.35 34. 92 2,004... 2.94 34.93 2,507. . . 2.38 34.90 27.17 27.34 27.60 27. 63 27.65 27. 67 27. 70 27.70 27.72 27.73 27.74 27.74 27.81 Obser 'ed values Scaled v alues Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity. Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "loo meters ture, °C. 7oo Station 7586; 13 July; 58°57' N., 45°17' W.; depth 2,468 m.; dynamic height 1454.631 0 24-.-- 48..-- 72---- 145-- 193-- 289.. 387-- .580.- 776.. 972.- 1,460 1,948 2,438 6.82 6.18 6.03 5.32 5.10 5.00 5.00 4.67 4.29 3.90 3.58 3.56 3.39 2.90 2.19 34. 65 34. 66 34. 71 34.77 34. 94 34. 97 ;i4.99 .34. 98 34. 96 34. 92 34. 89 34. 895 34.87 34.90 0--- 25..- .50--- 75-.- 100. - 150- - 200 -. 300-- 400- - 600.- 800- - 1,000 1,500 6.82 6.15 6.00 5.30 5.10 5.00 .5.00 4.60 4.25 3.85 3.60 3. .55 3.35 34.65 34.66 34.71 34.80 34.94 34.97 .34. 99 34.98 34.96 34.92 34.89 34.89 34.87 27.19 27.29 27.35 27. 50 27. 63 27. 68 27. 69 27. 72 27. 75 27. 76 27. 76 27. 76 27.77 Station 7,587; 13 July; 59°10' N.. 44°.50' W.; depth 2,103 m.; dynamic height 1454.643 0 5.48 33.75 0 5.48 33.75 25 .5.52 33.83 25 5.52 33.83 ,51 6.14 35.02 .50 6.10 35.02 76 5. 86 35.04 75 5.90 35. 04 102 5.58 35. 05 100 5.60 35.05 152 5.30 35. 025 1.50 5.35 35. 03 204 5.21 35. 02 200 .5.20 35.02 306 5.03 35. 00 300 5.05 35.00 408 4.69 34. 98 400 4.80 34.98 613 4.15 34. 93 600 4.20 34.93 794 3. 8S 34.92 800 3.85 34.92 996 3. 60 34. 915 1,000..- 3.60 34. 92 1,498.-- 3.14 34. 90 1,500--- 3.15 34. 90 2,004..- 2.48 34. 905 26. 65 26.71 27. 58 27.62 27. 66 27.67 27. 69 27. 69 27. 70 27.72 27. 7(i 27. 79 27.81 Station fiss; 13 Ju!y;,59°19' N., 44°29' W.; depth 1,116 ni.; dynamic height 1454.698 0 4.75 34.44 0 4.75 34.44 25 6.20 34.86 25 6.20 34.86 51 6.41 34. 95 50 6.40 34.95 76. 6.51 34.97 75 6. .50 34.97 101 6. 46 34. 98 100 6.45 34. 98 161 6.19 34.95 150 6. 25 .34. 96 212 5.96 35.02 200 6.00 35.00 313 5.72 35.04 300 5.75 35. 04 413 5.33 35. 03 400 .5.40 35.03 612 4.76 34. 97 600 4,80 .34. 98 810 4.54 34. 955 800 4.60 34. 96 1,007--- 4.05 34.92 1,000... 4.05 34.92 27.28 27.44 27.48 27. 49 27.49 27. 51 27.57 27. 63 27. 67 27. 70 27.71 27.74 114 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1961 U.S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT - - - COAST GUARD BULLETIN No, 47 REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN - ['"^^r'] jr>5.'^Vthea^a»wi.UL.a.^a— .g) U.S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT COAST GUARD Bulletin No. 47 REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL SERVICE IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN R. P. BULLARD ALFRED P. FRANCESCHETTI P. A. MORRILL R. M. O'HAGAN FLOYD M. SOULE CG-188-16 Season of 1961 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1963 TREASURY DEPARTMENT UNITED STATES COAST GUARD ADDRESS REPLY TO: COM M AN DAN T U.S. COAST GUARD HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON 25. D.C. OFU 28 March 1962 Transmitted herewith is Bulletin No. 47, Report of the International Ice Patrol Service in the North Atlantic Ocean, season of 1961. A. C. Richmond, Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard, Commandant. i Dist (SDL No. 74) A: a aa b c d e f (LAUREL, COWSLIP. EVERGREEN, CACTUS only) i (1) B: a (250); e (5); b c (2) ; d g 1 m (1) C: ab (1) D: h (10); ce (1) E: d (35) List 133 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface vii International Ice Patrol, 1961 1 Aerial Ice Observation 2 Communications 2 Monthly Ice Conditions 4 Ice and Sea Condition Reports 10 Physical Oceanography of the Grand Banks Region and the Labrador Sea in 1961 - 19 PREFACE This bulletin is No. 47 in the series of annual reports on the Inter- national Ice Patrol Service in the North Atlantic Ocean and covers the season of 1961. It is divided into two parts. The first is a report of the observation operations which extended from 23 February to 28 June 1961. Ship, aircraft and connnuiiication activities are described and special sections deal with observed monthly ice conditions and statistics on ice and sea temperature reports for 1961. The second part comprises a preliminary presentation of the oceano- graphic data collected during 1961. Included are charts of dynamic topography of the sea surface (ocean current maps), tables of oceano- graphic data, a brief discussion of the results of the season's four oceanographic surveys, the postseason research cruise in the Labrador Sea and a report of the results of a program for collection of current data using moored current meters. The authors of the section on oceanography are Floyd M. Soule, Oceanographer, USCG, Alfred P. Franceschetti, Oceanographer, USCG'^and Lt. R. M. O'Hagan, USCGR. The remainder was written by Capt. R. P. Bullard, USCG, Lt. Comdr. R. E. Lenczyk, USCG and Lt. P. A. Morrill, USCG. VII INTERNATIONAL ICE PATROL, 1961 The International Ice Patrol operated in the North Atlantic Ocean from 23 February to 28 June 1961, to serve the safety of ships travers- ing the shipping lanes in the vicinity of the Grand Banks as provided for by the Safety of Life at Sea Convention, 1948. The 1961 iceberg year was a light one with approximately 115 bergs drifting southward of the 48th parallel of latitude during tlie year as compared to 253 in 1960 and 693 in 1959. Capt. Ross P. Bullard, USCG, served as Commander, International Ice Patrol. Facilities available to the Commander consisted of air- craft from the U.vS. Coast Guard Air Detachment, Argentia, New- foundland; U.S. Coast Guard Radio Station NIK, Argentia, New- foundland; U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Evergreen (oceanographic vessel); and the U.S. Coast Guard Cutters Acnshnet and Tamoroa, standby patrol vessels. Primary ice ol)servation for the season was accomplished utilizing aircraft from the Air Detachment. A supplementary and indispens- able source of information consisted of reports made by merchant and government vessels crossing the area. Additional valuable infor- mation was received from the Canadian Ice Information Office at Halifax, the Canadian National Telegraph at St. Johns, Danish sources in Greenland and the U.S. Navy. The Office of Commander, International Ice Patrol was moved to the United States Naval Station, Argentia, Newfoundland, on 17 February and patrol services were inaugurated on 24 February with the broadcast of the fo'st ice information bulletin. The ice situation on that date showed more severe conditions than normal with sea ice extending from Cape St. Mary on the west to 47° W. on the east and noi-thward from 46° N. The sea ice conditions remained more serious than usual until the middle of May. Iceberg conditions were average for February, above average durmg March and well below average after the middle of April. A detailed description summarizing monthly ice conditions throughout the 3"ear appears in a later section. The steady seasonal surface warming of the waters over the Grand Banks, the relative inactivity of the eastern branch of the Labrador Current and the general distribution of icebergs permitted termination of ice patrol services with the 0048 GMT broadcast on 28 June 1961. The absence of icebergs in favorable positions to drift south of the 47th parallel along the eastern slope of the Grand Banks permitted the 1 sliif'l of slii|)piiig tracks on schedule and jiiade it unnecessary to establish a surface patrol. AERIAL ICE OBSERVATION Fifty-two ice observation flights were made during the period from 23 February to 28 June 1961. These flights averaged approximately 1,150 miles in length and 7.1 hours duration. Each flight was planned for maxinnnn coverage in a selected area consistent with a determi- nation of tlie Ihnits of all ice and the limits of sea ice of five-tenths concentration. The elements considered in selecting the search area consist of the following: (a) Degree and reliability of available ice information over the Grand Banks, (b) prevailing conditions of wind, sea, visibility, and sea and air temperature, and (c) the activity of the Labrador Current. At all times it was necessary to keep in mind the primary objective specified in Safety of Life at Sea Convention. This objective is to maintain accurate information concerning the southwestern, southern and southeastern limits of all ice in the vicinity of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. As much information as possible concerning the location and character of ice within the limits was obtained consistent with accomplishment of the primary objective. Eight preseason observation flights were made from 13 January to 23 Febi'uarv by Air Detachment aircraft to establisli tlie southern limits of the ice in its southward drift. The information developed by these flights was the major factor in (kUermining the time that the patrol forces should be assembled and services commenced. Durmg the period from 28 June to 1 November, 12 regular post- season reconnaissance flights were made to guard against an undetected ice encroachment. Three special flights were nuide (hn-ing late October to track one iceberg drifting south of the 48th parallel of latitude. Table 1. Aerial 1 ce Observation Statistics — 1961 Season Number of flights Number davs flights made Number days good weather .Average efl'ectiveuess Maximum number days between flights Hours Month V isual Radar flown February (23-28) . 3 10 15 12 12 3 8 13 12 10 4 9 18 15 14 82 50 69 74 84 90 73 85 97 85 2 5 5 6 5 20.8 March 7fi. 2 108.9 May - .June 82.9 82.6 52 46 60 70 86 4.6 371.4 COMMUNICATIONS i^ijnary radio communications foi- international Ice Patrol was conducted h\- L.S. Coast Guard Kadio Station (XIK), Argentia, Newfoundland. Ice advisory bulletuis to shipping were broadcast Uvice daily at 0048 and 1248 Greenwich Mean Time commencing with the 0048 GMT broadcast on 24 February and termmating \dth the 0048 GMT broadcast on 28 June. Each bulletin was transmitted simultaneous!}- on 155, 5320 and 8502 kilocj^cles with an output power of 2 kilowatts following a preluninary announcement on 500 kc/s. In addition to the plain language bulletin, ice charts were transmitted daily at 1330 GMT by facsimile on 10287.5 kc/s with a drum speed of 60 r.p.m. from 18 April to 28 June. All broadcasts included a statement as to the method of ice observa- tion bemg used and a request that ships report all ice sighted and report sea water temperature, position, course, speed, visibility and surface weather every 4 hours when between the latitudes of 39° X. and 49° X. and longitudes 42° W. and 60° W. The significance of the ice reports is obvious, but the miportance of the other information is not readily apparent. The sea temperature reports are used to construct isotherm charts which play an hnportant role in the evaluation of berg reports, prediction of berg drifts and estimation of the rate of ice deterioration. The charts prepared from these reports are included as figures 1 tlu'ough 9. The position, course and speed is plotted to indicate the density of shippmg and for use in issuing a special warning, should a vessel or vessels appear to be standing into danger. The visibility and weatlier reports are used in determmmg the feasibility of making an ice observation flight in a given area. The response to the request for information, while not complete, was gratifymg. Merchant vessels handled traffic with X^IK by transmitting on their assigned frequency and receiving on 427, 6477.5, 8734, or 12718.5 kc/s as appropriate. International Ice Patrol operated a branch teletype station from the naval teletype relay at Argentia. This facility was used for the exchange of information with the U.S. Xavy Hydrographic Office, the Canadian Department of Transport Ice Information Office at Halifax, and other interested agencies. Dming the 1961 season, Ice Patrol communication facilities handled a total of 18,340 radio messages and 26,143 landhne messages. The statistics concerning ship reports is given below: Xumber of ice reports received from vessels 928 Xuniber of vessels making ice reports 234 Xumber of sea surface temperature reports 8, 342 Xumber of vessels making sea temperature reports 528 Xumber of requests for special ice reports 162 Total number of vessels worked (not including relays) 579 Xote: Consideration of the above figures and the total number of reporting vessels in the following table, may lead to the conclusion that an error exists. This is not the case. Some vessels made no ice reports, some made no sea tempera- ture reports, some reported both and some requested information but made no reports. The percentage distribution of reporting vessels by nationality was as follows: Country No. of reporting ships Poreentage ot total Country No. of reporting ships Percentage of total ITnitod Kingdom United States... Germany Sweden Norway..- Netherlands Liberia Italy... .._. France (ireece Panama Isra(>l Denmark Ireland Japan Switzerland 154 85 75 46 44 30 23 20 11 10 8 5 4 4 4 4 28.0 15.4 13.6 8.3 8.0 5.4 4.2 3.6 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Canada Finland Iceland Poland Belgium India.. Yugoslavia Argentina Portugal Spain Tanganyika U.S.S.R U.A.R 29 Nations 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 100.0 ICE CONDITIONS 1961 JANUARY Dining the first week of January, no sea ice or icebergs were sighted below 52° N. with the exception of a small amount of sea ice forming in the Gulf of St. Law^rence. However, cold polar air flowing from the northwest soon created much local winter ice. By the third week, much of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Strait of Belle Isle and the northeast coast of Newfoundland were covered by winter ice. By the end of the month, the sea ice extended down to tlie northern slopes of the Grand Banks and eastward to 50°30' W. Several icebergs were reported to have drifted Ijelow 52° N. Through the month, there was no ice hazard in the North Atlantic shipping routes, however, shipping along the east coast of Newfoundland and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence was extremely handicapped by the end of the month. FEBRUARY Contuiued cold nortlnvesteiiv winds caused a rapid expansion of the sea ice so that by the end of the first week in February, the entire Gulf of St. Lawrence was covered with sea ice. During the same period, the ice had extended eastv/ard to 49°50' W. and southward to Cape Race. Off the Cape Breton Islands, the ice extended out from Cabot Strait to 59° W., south to 44°40' N. and west as far as Halifax, Nova Scotia. By the end of the second week, the ice in the Grand Banks region liad moved to 45 miles south of Cape Pine. The first iceberg south of 48° N. was sighted off (^ipe Spear on 14 Febru- ary. The sea ice limits remained fairly stable for the remainder of the month, however, the concentration and thickness of the sea ice continued to build. During this period, the port of St. Johns, New- foundland, became blocked by the ice and from this time on until the 59° 58* Sr 56° 55° 54° 53' 52' 51° 50° 49° 47° 46° 45° 44° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° Figure 1. — Surface isotherms for the period 21-28 February 1961. 59° 58° Sr ^.^ , . .^5° ^° 53° 52° j1° 50° ^ 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44' 43° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 2. — Surface isotherms for the period 1-15 March 1961. 1 59° 58' 5r 56° 55° 54° 53° 52 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46* 45° 44° 43° Figure 3. — Surface isotherms for the period 16-31 March 1961. 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46* 45° 44° Figure 4. — Surface isotherms for the period 1-15 April 1961. 54° 53° 52» 51° 50° 49° 48° Figure 5. — Surface isotherms for the period 16-30 April 1961. 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53' 52' 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° ..„^„_, Figure 7— Surface isotherms for the period 16-31 May 1961. late spring breakup, shipping could not enter the harbor without icebreaker assistance. The berg movement during this period was along and over the northeast slopes of the Grand Banks. From the berg movement it was obvious that the eastern branch of the Labrador Current was much weaker than normal and that there was a general flow of Labrador Current water over the Grand Banks. The area withui the 30° isotherm shown in figure 1 is an excellent indication of the severity of the winter and also approximates the limits of the sea ice during that period. Figure 10 shows the limit of sea ice on 28 February and also sum- marizes the iceberg and growlers reported or sighted during the month south of 49° N. MARCH Steady northwesterly whids continued to build up the sea ice m all areas. By the end of the first week in March, strings and patches of ice extended out to 47°25' W. and as far south as 45°30' N. in the Grand Banks region. The ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence generally remained unchanged except for increasing thickness, however, south of Cape Breton, the ice moved to within 30 miles of Sable Island. A gentle iceberg flow occurred generally from the vicinity of Cape Bonavista do^Mi in a southeasterly direction, directly onto and over the Grand Banks. During the second and third weeks of March, the ice reached its most southern position oft' the Grand Banks. A narrow belt of ice extended down along the eastern slopes of the Banks to a latitude of 44°32' X. Tow^ard the end of the period, the sea ice extended out from the coast to 47° W., along the 47th parallel of latitude. This was to be the most eastward extension of the sea ice. The bergs continued the southeasterly flow with an mcreasing number trav- eling down the eastern coast of the Avalon Peninsula and around Cape Race westward to 55° W. It thus became obvious that the western brancli of the Labrador Current was building rapidly and in fact was having a nuicli gi-eater effect on berg movement than the eastern branch. Nevertheless, on 20 March, one berg reached a position of 47°15' X., 47°o5' W. and was the easternmost berg south of 48° N. whose position was confirmed. The last week of March brought startling changes to the positions. The wind pattern switched and heavy easterly and northeasterly winds soon compacted the ice towards the shore. In less than 9 days, the leading ice edge moved 150 miles to the westward. South of the Avalon Penmsula, the ice also moved westward and extended as far as 57° W. In the Gulf of St. LawTence there were open water leads along the western shore of X^ewfoundland and the southern coast of Anticosti Island. However, a great deal of ice was forced out around the Cape Breton Islands and encumbered the passage betw^een Sable Island and the coast of X'^ova Scotia. In the St. Lawrence River numerous open leads allowed the first ship of tlie season to make the passage to Montreal. On March the 25th, the SS Woodward arrived in Montreal and tlius started the great press of shipping into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. D,uring the month, 60 bergs had come below 48° N. and at the end of the month 56 remained in existence. As the sea ice moved, so did the bergs. By the end of the month, oidy one berg lay east of 51° W. and one berg was already in visual sight from St. Pierre Island. The relative movement of the ice is reflected in the two isotherm charts for the month. The 30° isotherm in figures 2 and 3 shows the retreat of the ice. Figure 11 gives the limits of sea ice on the days indicated and also summarizes the icebergs and growlers reported during the montli south of 49° N. APRIL Ice conditions and ice movement during the first half of April was similar to those of the latter part of March. Persistent northerly and northeasterly winds continued to cojnpact the ice onto the coast and around the southern portion of the Avalon Peninsula. During this period, the loose pack ice extended as far west as 56°50' W. and south to 44°40' N. in the Grand Banks region. By 15 April there was no sea ice east of 51° W., south of the Strait of Belle Isle. During the latter part of the montli, the sea ice continued to be compacted onto the shore. Tlie narrow band of very heavy pack ice with ridges approaching twenty feet hampered commercial traffic along the eastern coast of Newfoundland. The ice continued to flow westward around Cape Race and established an extensive field south of the Avalon Peninsula. This ice crossed Track "E", which had gone into effect on 11 April and caused shipping to divert to the south. For several days the entire entrance to Placentia Bay was covered with sea ice. The icebergs continued their southerly flow along the Avalon Peninsula and around Cape Race forming in an area south of the peninsula. Although the vast nuijority of the bergs remained en- trapped in the field ice, a few broke out of the eastern edge and moved across the northern slopes down to the central portion of the banks. These came as far south as 45° N. :ind east to 50° W. where they disintegrated due to mitural causes. Eighteen bergs crossed the 48tli parallel between 1 April and JS April, however, at this point the bergs to the north wei-c held fast by the heavy field ice and no more bergs came south until 1 May. On 18 April, 74 bergs were still in existence south of 48° N. \u the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the i)attern established during the last week of March continued with a gia(hially opening lead located along the western coast of Newfoundland and in the central portion of the Gulf. By 10 April, vessels wcj-e able to proceed into the St. Lawrence River tlirou*;'li the ice fields and b}- 25 Apiil there was open water from Cabot Strait to Montreal. The passage between Sable Island and Cape Breton remained endangered by sea ice until mid-April when the ice receded northward. The southern portion of the Gulf and the coast of Cape Breton remained clogged with extremely heavy pack ice. Figures 4 and 5 indicate the temperature distribution as reported during the month of April. The 30° isotherm gives an excellent indication of the retreat of the sea ice. The 32° isotherm shows the lack of activity of the eastern branch of the Labrador Current. Figure 12 sunnnarizes the icel)ergs and growlers reported during the month south of 49° X. The one berg located east of 46° W. was reported on 14 April. However, an observation flight on the same (hiy and hi the same area failed to disclose its presence. As numerous fisiiing vessels were in the area, it is believed that the reported berg was actually another vessel. Tlie figure also shows the sea ice limits on 30 April. MAY During the first week in May the wind swung from northeast to east to southeast aufl brouglit rapid clumges to the ice conditions. The large field of pack ice split apart just south of Cape St. Mary leaving one field stretching from 45°45' X. to 47° X\, and from 54°10' W. to 55°50' W., while tlie other field extended from 46° X. at 53°50' W., northward along the east coast of Xewfoundland. The split of the ice fields allowed for rapid disintegration of the ice, especially during the second week wlien the wind swung to the south- west bringing warm surface winds and causing a rise in the surface water temperature. This is clearly seen by comparing the two isotherm charts for the month of May. By the end of May, the 32° surface water had completely disappeared. The western field shifted rapidly into Placentia Bay and there disintegrated. The ice along the east coast of X^ewfoundland also disintegrated rapidly. First it was forced offshore and the surface temperature and slight wave action caused rapid melting. By 20 May, there was no sea ice south of Cape Bonavista and by 31 May there was none south of Belle Tsle except for a few trapped flows in Xotre Dame and White Bays. In 20 days, the southern linnt of sea ice had retreated over 360 miles. The advent of the southerly winds and the breakup of sea ice soon brought about a major change in the iceberg distribution. The southermost bergs rapidly disintegrated under the combined forces of heat and wave action, while the remainder south of the Avalon Penin- sula drifted towards shore into the bays and shallows. During the month, a total of six bergs came south of 48° X". of which two drifted past Cape Spear and tlie remainde.r drifted into Conception Bay. In the X^otre Dame Bay area, the large number of bergs that had drifted soiitli into the bay during March and April and liad been lield by tlie heavy pack ice were set free. On S May only eight bergs were east of 53° W. between 48° N. and 51° X. By 15 May, 34 bergs were east of 53° W. and by 31 May, 187 bergs were in the area. As the bergs were- moving east-southeast at about 12 miles per da}', it appeared that the eastern brancli of the Labrador Current might be building. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the southerly winds brought slightly different conditions. Although tiie central and northern sections, and the northeast arm of the Gulf cleared rapidly, the heavy rafted pack ice soon spewed into C^abot Strait and shipping was again slowed by tlie ice. This ice movement into the Strait continued during the remainder of the montJi, liowever, the ice seldom reached as far east as 59° W. Figures 6 and 7 are the isotherm charts for May. Figure 13 sum- marizes the icebergs and growlers reported during the month south of 49° N. and also sliows the limits of sea ice on the days indicated. JUNE The retreat of the sea ice continued so tluit by the end of the first week there was no sea ice below 53° N. oft' the east coast of Labrador and Newfoundland. By 10 June, the ice in Cabot Strait no longer posed a threat to shipping. By 15 June, the last renuiants had melted. Belle Isle Strait was declared open to navigation on 1 June bv Cana- dian authorities and the routes thereto were not endangered by sea ice after this date. The pattern of berg movement established during the month of May continued during June. Only one bei-g came south of 48° N. during the month and by the end of the montli, no bergs were reported south of that latitude. To the north, the bergs continued to spread eastward and by 15 June, an eastern boundary along 48°30' W. between 50° N. and 54° N. was established. Between 50° N. and 48° N. the berg drift generally followed the 1,000-fathom curve with the bergs melting rapidly as they progressed to the east. The eastern- most berg was reported on 16 June in position 48°50' N., 45°22' W. During the month, surface temperatures warmed rapidly as shown in figures 8 and 9. With the rapid warming, berg disintegration was very high, accounting for a 40% reduction in the number of bergs between 48° N. and 50° N. during the week 17 and 24 June. Figure 14 summarizes the iceberg and growlers reported during the montli of June south of 49° N. JULY Over 100 hci-gs were sigjited in (lie area from Fogo Islajid north along the coast of Xcnvfoundlaiid and Labrador to 54° N. and east (o about 170 miles oft'shoi-e on 30 June. Very few of these bergs drifted east or south of these limits. On 28 July, only 7 bergs and 2 growlers were observed south of 50° X. No bergs drifted south of 48° N. (hiring the month. A small berg with growlers reported by the SS Berksheim on 2 July at position 48°00' X., 46°55' W. was the southern- most and easternmost ice for July. Several reports were received of l)ergs along the eastern approaches to Belle Isle Straits. AUGUST A few bergs continued to ti-ickle south of 50° X. but only one managed to move south of 48° X. This southernmost berg was re- ported on 10 August at position 47°54' X., 49°20' W. The move- ment of the few bergs between 48° X. and 52° X. appeared to be easterly. The easternmost berg was reported at position 49°30' X. 47°25' W. on 15 August. A postseason aerial reconnaissance flight on 30 August revealed no ice below 50° X. It was apparent that the numerous known bergs between 50° X. and 54° X. on 30 June had been rapidly disintegratmg due to rising temperatures. Reports of bergs from Belle Isle to 160 miles seaward continued to be received througliout tlie month from vessels using Track G. SEPTE/^BER Reports of bergs contmued to be received at about the same fre- quency as the month of August. Practically all the reports were of bergs at the entrance of Belle Isle and to 140 miles to the east along track G. A flight on 20 September revealed only one berg soutli of 52° X., east of longitude 54° W. On the basis of tliis flight, scheduled weekly post-season aerial reconnaissance flights were termmated. The southernmost berg reported during September was at position 49°46' N., 53°15' W. on the 14th. An unusual report was that of a growler south of Avalon Peninsula, sighted by the SS American Manu- fachirer at 46°02' X., 54°24' W. on the 26th. OCTOBER There was a notable decrease in the overall number of ice reports during October, but there was more berg activitv^ below 50° X. than the previous month. The southernmost and easternmost ice for the month was a smafl berg sighted on the 24th at 47°20' X., 47°17'W. This berg had been sighted a few times previously and was moving southeast in the Labrador CVuTent at a rate of 20 miles daily. This berg was reported tlie next Any about 20 miles to the west of its sighted position on the 24th. Apparently easterly winds of gale force had moved the berg out of the Labrador Current and removed it as a threat to shipping lanes to the south. A search for this berg on the 29th was negative and the berg was presumed melted. Three special post-season aerial reconnaissance flights were made during tlie month. 645383— 6S NOVEMBER The I'reqiKMicy of icelxTg reports in the Newfouiidhiiul area con- tinued at approximately the same level as for October. A few bergs continued to be reported in the eastern approaches to the Straight of Belle' Isle and between 48° N. and 50° \., west of 51° W. On the 26tli, one ship reported a radar target estimated to be one mile long in position 49°55' X., 49°45' W. There was some apprehension that this radar target might l)e an ice island, as ice islands were reported near Resolution Island in early October. However, a flight on 2 December failed to locate any ice in the position reported and possible drift areas. No bergs drifted south of 48° N. The southernmost ice reported during the month was a berg at 49°00' X., 51°59'W. on the 24th. X^o ice was reported east of 49°4r)' W. DECEMBER A most unusual report of an iceberg in position 38°52' X., 67°17' W. on the 27th was investigated on the 29tli and 30th by aircraft with negative results. Another report of this ice on tlie 29tli indicated rapid disintegration. It is estimated that the ice disintegrated by 30 Decendjer. One ])erg is estimated to have drifted south of 48° X. during December. This one berg was reported off Cape Race, New- foundland on 8 Decend^er. It is believed that this berg is the one reported on 27 Decendjer off (/ape ]\Iay, X'^ew Jersey. This is the southernmost ice reported since 1934 and tlie westernmost since 1916. It should be noted that the Xewfoundland area experienced a mild autunm this vear. ICE AND SEA CONDITION IJEPORT 1 'essel [I?y (.■ountryl Seu Ice cniidition rc/)orts reports \ V.ssp/ Sen Ice coiidilinii repnrts repnrls ARGENTINE REPUFLIC SS World Japonira BEL(;iTM SS Eurckel ^i^ Stadgenl CANADA HMSC AUpnqjiin COS Sir Humphrey Gilberts 1.') CGS Wolje 1 DENMARK SS Ehro Kobenhavn ^^ Oh/a Maersk I SS Slesvig 6 14 FINLAND iiS Finnbirch 1 SS Finnsailor 3 SS Whiterose 1 FRANCE i^?, Cleveland 1 SS Douala SS Epinal 2 as Flandre SS Jean. L. D SS Joliette SS La Heve SS Liberte SS Marquette SS ],'oberl. L. D 1 SS Vire 6 14 4 4 13 8 81 1] 4 11 10 Sy 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43' 57° 56 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° FiGUHE 10. — Ice conditions, February 1961. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 59° 58° 57° 56° 55' 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 59° 58' 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure U. — Ice conditions, March 1961. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° Figure 12. — Ice conditions, April 1961. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 43° i 59° 58° Sr 56° 55° 54° 53° 52' 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 13. — Ice conditions, May 1961. Figures indicate day or month ice was sighted or reported. 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° 43° Figure 14. — Ice conditions, June 1961. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued Ice reports Sea condition reports Sea Ice condition reports reports GER1VL\NY SS Alexander Sartori 1 SS Alfred Theodore 2 SS Angelica Schulte SS Anna Katrin Fritzen SS Ansgaritdr SS Beate Bolten 1 SS Bellatrix SS Bochum SS Bornheini SS Br eitenstetn SS Bremen SS Cap Verde SS Carl Fritzen 4 SS Carl Julius SS Catherine Sartori 2 SS Christian Schulte SS Cleopatra SS Cordoba SS Domsheide 2 SS Dora Fritzen 2 SS Dorthe Oldendorff__^ 2 SS Elbe SS Elfriede 1 SS Elise Schulte 1 SS Emma Johanna SS Emsstein 5 SS Francisca Sartori 1 SS Gertrud Fritzen 1 SS Hanseatic SS Heidelberg SS Heinrich Oldendorff^ SS Heinrich Udo Schulte 1 SS Helga Oldendorf 2 SS Hennigsdorf 1 SS Herman Schulte 2 SS Use Schulte 2 SS Ingrid Weide 4 SS Innstein 5 SS Johanna Oldendorff. SS Karl Leonhardt SS Klaus Oldendorff SS Konsul Schulte 1 SS Lahnstein 1 SS Lealott 3 SS Lean na SS Leapaul 40 4 4 2 1 1 11 3 5 33 5 1 4 3 4 11 2 5 2 16 17 1 17 6 27 13 27 9 33 12 10 8 5 2 1 2 53 GERMANY — continued SS Learina SS Linzertor SS Luise Leonhardt SS Magdalena Oldendorff 1 SS Magdenburg 3 SS Maria Anna Schulte 4 SS Marie Leonhardt SS Marivia SS Naumhurg SS Nor dm eer 2 SS Ophelia SS Poseidon 3 SS Feinhart-Lorem Russ SS Santa Elena SS Schwanheim SS Seven Seas SS Susanne Fritzen SS Susanne Reith SS Trans-Atlantic SS Trans-Canada 1 SS Valeria SS Virgilia SS Volumnia SS Walter Leonhardt — SS Weissenburg SS Welheim 3 SS Werratal 2 SS Westfalia SS Wotan GREAT BRITAIN' SS Adventurer SS Alaunia SS Albano SS Alexander T. Wood^ 1 SS Alsatia 1 SS Andania SS Andria 2 SS Arabia SS Arctic 1 SS ^sza SS Asstjria SS Athel Duchess 1 SS Athel Templar 1 SS Baskerville 7 44 2 7 1 5 26 1 11 10 41 9 14 3 3 12 6 1 1 1 24 3 18 1 3 16 26 34 22 24 18 7 11 n ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued Vessel Sea Ice condition reports reports Vessel Sea Ice condition reports reports GREAT BRITAIN — COntillUcd SS Beaver cove 2 SS Beaverdell 3 SS Beaverford 6 Sa Beaverglen 3 SS Beaverlake 4 SS Beech Hill SS Birmingham City 2 SS Blairspey 3 SS Booker Venture 2 SS Border Castle 5 SS British Fame SS Cable Guardian 3 SS Cairnavon 2 SS Cairndhu 5 SS Cairngowan 4 SS Calgaria SS Camellia 1 SS Cape Nelson SS Captain Minus 1 SS Carinthia ._ 5 SS Carrigan Head 1 SS Cnslon 2 SS Caxton SS Cheviot SS City of Bedford SS City of Covenrty 1 SS City of Guilford SS City of Melbourne- - 1 SS City of Philadelphia^ SS City of Worcester SS Colina 1 SS Constance Bowater.. 1 SS Consuelo 3 SS Cnjstal Bell SS Crystal Jewel SS Crystal Sapphire SS Cydonia _.__ SS Cyrus Field 1 SS Dalhanna SS Dartwood 2 SS Denmark Hill SS Domino SS Dunadd 1 SS Dundee I SS Ed more ] SS Empress of Britain^ (i SS Empress of Canada ^ 4 SS Empress of England^ 6 GREAT BRITAIN — Continued 18 SS Escalante 30 SS Eskfield 40 SS Gardenia _ _ _ _ 19 SS Glasdale 20 SS Gladys Bowater 3 SS Gloucester City 2 SS Glojrinia SS Goodwood 6 SS Granwood 15 SS Haparangi 3 SS Hartismere 9 SS Highliner 35 SS Hurunui 49 SS I nishowen Head 17 SS Inver 9 SS Isaac Carter SS Ivernia 1 SS John W. Mackay 2 SS La Bahia 10 SS Lakonia 39 SS La Marea 4 SS La Pradera 35 SS Lismoria 8 SS Llangorse 8 SS Lodestone 12 Y{^IS Londonderry 8 SS Lord Kevin 2 SS Luxor 1 SS Manchester City 4 SS Manchester Explorer. 28 SS Manchester Faith... 11 SS Manchester Fame 26 SS ]\Ianchester Mariner. 7 SS Manchester Miller. _ 8 SS Manchester Pioneer. 1 SS Manchester Progress. 1 SS ManchesterBegiment. 1 SS Manchester Shipper^ 1 SS Manchester Spinner. 2 SS Manchester Trader. 21 SS Manchester 14 Vanguard 14 SS Manchester Venture. \ SS Maple Hill () SS Marengo ()5 SS Mauretainia 22 SS Media 4() SS Medina Princess 1 10 2 1 2 1 5 44 2 6 6 2 ] 9 1 2 11 2 14 7 72 2 4 4 24 16 86 10 3 4 82 2 2 6 1 9 12 21 21 17 4 19 27 12 10 23 11 34 36 64 4 12 ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued Vessel Sea Ice condition reports reports Sea Ice cvndition reports reports GREAT BRITAIN — Continued SS MeZ/fca SS Montcalm 1 SS Naess Pioneer SS Newfou ndland 20 SS Nova Scotia 19 SS Papanui 1 SS Pennyworth 1 SS Phyliss Bowater 1 SS Port Chalmers SS Port PhilUp SS Port Wantstead SS Queen Elizabeth SS Queen Alary ..__ SS Ramoer Head 1 SS Rialto ^ 6 SS Ribblehead^.^ SS Ripon 2 SS Roonagh Head SS St. Arvans ____ SS Sarah Bowater 4 SS Saxonia 11 SS Seaway Star 1 SS Severn River SS Sheaf M' ear 1 SS Sidonia SS Silvercrag 39 SS Silversand SS Sir Andrew Duncan- 8 SS Sneaton 1 SS South Prince 2 SS Sudbury Hill SS Sugar Exporter SS Sunrip SS Sylvania HMS Tidesurge SS Toronto City 3 SS Waiwera SS Western Prince 1 SS West Meath SS Whangaroa SS Wiinbledon SS Yorkwood 2 SS Zinn ia 1 GREECE SS Antazisl 1 SS Arkadia 1 SS Cape Rion 1 9 9 15 23 66 13 7 6 6 2 11 33 33 38 25 18 31 17 3 50 1 6 5 6 7 28 22 11 7 13 51 9 30 11 5 5 13 9 22 22 25 GREECE — continued SS Georgios Manolakis - - SS Ladon 2 SS Maddo Theodor Acopulos SS Oceanis 1 SS PaciAcator SS Pandora^ ^ SS Victoria ICELAND SS Bruar Foss 3 SS Detti Foss SS Ma* 1 INDIA SS Jala Dhruv SS Fares 1 IRELAND SS Irish Oak SS Irish Pine 2 SS Irish Poplar 2 SS Irish Rose 1 ISRAEL SS Dagan SS Deganya 1 SS Sho7n}-on SS Tappuz 1 SS Yehuda ITALY SS Augustus SS Aurelia SS Caponloli SS Carlo Marti nolich 1 SS Fides SS Giacomo SS Giovannella D'Amico. SS Giove SS Irolli SS Irpinia SS Leonardo Da Vinci-- SS Maria Parodi SS Mirella D'Amico 4 SS Orsa Minore SS Punta Alice SS Punta Vagno 1 25 1 12 25 10 5 1 14 9 18 32 4 1 18 13 3 33 2 2 22 13 ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued ^ 'essel Ice reports Sea condition reports Sea Ice condition reports reports ITALY — continued SS Saiurnia SS Sudaliseo SS Sunmar SS Zenobia Martini 2nd^ JAPAN SS Hakonesan SS Kamikawa Alarn 3 SS Kenyo Maru SS Mecjurosan Maru LIBERIA SS African Duke SS A. N. Kemp SS Caribbean Sky 1 SS Chelwood Beacon SS Chevron Transporter^ SS Continental Carrier.^ SS Continental Trader.. SS Continenlal Pioneer^. 1 SS Cornwall SS Dona Margarita ^^ Elizabeth H SS Farah Pahlivi SS 7«r/da SS Marinegra 1 SS North King 3 SS Paul Pigott 1 SS Point Lacre SS San Juan Trader 3 SS Sideris SS Sim Princess 1 SS Sunwalker SS T. L. Lenzen SS World Campaigner.. NETHERLANDS SS Alphard SS Barendrecht SS Colytto SS Forest Hill 1 SS Groole Beer SS Johan Van Olden- barnvell SS Kerkedyk 1 SS Korendyk 1 SS Maasdam SS Neder Weser NETHERLANDS — Continued 15 SS N'iejiw Amsterdam 47 21 SS Nieuw Tonge 5 4 SS Noordam 85 7 SS Prins Frederik Hen- drix 3 SS Prins Willem George 5 Frederik 1 17 6 SS Prins Willem George 1 1 Friso 1 3 SS Prins Willem Van Oranje 13 SS Prins Willem £nd... 3 8 3 SS Prins Willem 5th 1 3 9 SS Rotterdam 32 SS Ryndam 3 89 11 SS Skadi 4 13 9 SS Sloterdyk 1 17 SS Sommelsdyk 12 34 SS Stad Delft 7 — SS Statendam 5 15 SS Utrecht 9 4 SS Vasum 12 3 SS Vivipara 12 6 SS Westerdam 68 4 NORWAY 0 4 SS ^mna 2 9 6 SS .4™o 2 2 34 SS A rnfinn Stange 24 13 SS Artensis 1 1 SS Askot 3 8 SS Belkarin 1 1 1 SS Bengazi 1 4 7 SS Bergensfjord 1 2 1 SS BindaL 10 SS Black Tern 10 SS Boreal is 8 4 SS Bysanz 4 7 SS Dale 3 5 6 SS Dido 2 31 9 SS Disa 2 16 SS Ferm 3 SS F lief jell 1 1 2 SS Foldenfjord 3 23 22 SS Gudvin 1 1 24 SS Harpefjell 2 15 SS Iliming 1 8 SS Hirarn 1 3 14 ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued Sea lee condition reports reports \ 'essel Sea Ice condition reports reports NORWAY — continued SS Iselin SS Jagon.^ 1 SS Jarilla 1 SS Karen Reed SS Makefjell 1 SS Nardo 2 SS Nordgard .. SS NorhoU 1 SS Oslofjord 1 SS Procyon SS Prosper SS Reina SS Roega 1 SS Rosiia 1 SS Skogaas 2 SS Sonnavind SS Stavangerfjord 2 SS Sun Victor 2 SS Topdalsfjord G SS Tronstad 1 SS Vest! It nd SS Vistafjord 1 PANAMA SS Clyde Water SS Esso Cristobal 4 SS Esso Genova SS Homeric 1 SS Michigan SS Panamante SS Panamolga SS Texaco Pennsyl- vania POLAND SS Bator y 3 SS Dalmor 1 SS Legnica PORTUGAL SS Cine 1 SPAIN SS Guadahtpe SWEDEN SS Annika 1 SS Arjeplog SS Arvidsjuar SS Birgitragne 1 16 1 1 6 45 2 3 5 1 4 21 2 23 3 7 19 54 12 3 3 59 4 2 17 12 SWEDEN — continued SS Boheme 2 SS Borgholm 11 SS Braheholm- SS Browind SS Carta SS Carlsholm 1 SS Caroline Smith 1 SS Caspana SS Clary Thorden 1 SS Danaholm ..__ SS Er holm SS Falstaff SS Faunus SS Faiist 1 SS Figaro SS Fredrick Ragne 1 SS Gripsholm SS Hjordis Thorden 1 SS Indiana SS Kungsholm 1 SS Mattawunga 1 SS Marathon SS Monica Smith SS ISiereus SS Nordica SS North Lord 1 SS Otis 1 SS Ragneborg SS Skogholm SS Sparreholm SS Stallberg SS Tidaholm SS Torsholm SS Traviata 1 SS Trolleholm SS Uddeholm SS Vibyholm SS Virihaure SS Viris SS Virtala SS ^'iiafors SS Vittangi SWITZERLAND SS Castagnola SS Corviglia 1 SS Regina 1 SS Sunamela 2 30 22 14 3 4 1 1 10 1 1 13 33 2 7 37 12 48 37 9 1 7 2 3 5 7 4 25 11 29 11 1 4 13 32 8 19 25 11 5 11 19 42 2 15 ICE AND SEA COXDITION REPORT— Continued 1 'essel Seu Ice condition reports reports 1 'essel Ice reports Sea condition reports TANGANYIKA SS Wavecrest 8 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS SS A lit US 1 UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC SS Port Said 3 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SS A lice Brown SS America SS American Builder - ^ SS American Chief SS American Farmer SS American Flyer SS American Forwarder SS American Gunner... SS American Harvester. SS American Leader SS American Packer SS American Pilot 1 SS A merican Press SS American Reporter.. SS American Scientist. . SS A merican Shipper .. SS American Trapper.. SS A merican Veteran - . SS Charles Lykes SS Constit ution SS Dalhanna SS Edgar F. Lnckenbach SS Exanthia SS Excalibur ^ SS Exemplar SS Expeditor SS Extavia SS Flying Fish SS Mormacbay SS Mormacelm 1 SS Mormacmail SS Mormacpenn SS Mormacpride SS Mormacrio 2 SS M or mac saga 1 SS Pelican State SS Pioneer Cove 2 90 51 49 3 10 28 14 13 20 23 7 1 1 25 54 14 1 5 9 1 G 3 7 12 5 5 37 14 44 3 () 2() 1 12 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA COn. SS Tyson Lykes 1 SS United States 22 SS Wolveri7ie State 28 VSCGC Absecon 14 59 USCGC Androscoggin- 10 37 VSCGC Barataria 3 38 VSCGC Bibb 9 27 VSCGC Campbell 7 35 USCGC Castle Rock. _ _ 18 USCGC Chincoteague.. 3 29 VSCGC Cook Inlet 3 18 VSCGC Coos Bay 4 45 VSCGC Duane 1 9 VSCGC Eagle 12 USCGC ^scanaba 1 17 VSCGC Evergreen 28 393 USCGC Half Moon. .. 1 31 VSCGC Humboldt 5 34 VSCGC Ingham 0 35 VSCGC Mackinac 17 39 USCGC Mc Cu lloch 2 23 VSCGC Spencer 3 33 USCGC Owasco 8 34 USCGC Westwind 2 26 VSS Camp 2 4 VSS Desoto County 1 23 VSS Eaton 3 USS Hissem 2 1 USS Lake Champlain. . 1 VSS Pa wc at uck 14 USS Preserver 8 I^SS Traverse County.. 7 27 VSNS Blue Jacket 13 VSNS Coinet 30 USNS Cowanesque 5 USXS Geiger 46 USNS Ge7i. Alexander M. Patch 1 36 I^SNS Gen. George M. Randall 22 USNS Gen. Maurice Rose 116 USNS Gen. Simon B. Buckner 72 l^SNS Gen. William S. Darby 93 VS^S Lt. Robert Craig. 3 US N S Mirfak 26 3 16 ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued Vessel Sea Ice condition reports reports V, Sea Ice condition reports reports UNITED STATES OF AMERICA COH. USNS Mizar 1 1 USNS Pecos 3 7 USNS Sgt. Jonah E. Kelley 15 81 USNS Tawrws 1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA COn. USNS Upshur 65 YUGOSLAVIA 1 8 - 5 SS Natko Nodilo. SS Zenica 17 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GRAND BANKS REGION AND THE LABRADOR SEA IN 1961 ' By Floyd M. Soule, Alfred P. Franceschetti and R. M. O'Hagan (U.S. Coast Guard) The oceanographic vessel of the International Ice Patrol in 1961 was again the 180-foot tender class cutter USCG cutter Evergreen. Xo marked alterations affecting the oceanographic work were made in the vessel since the previous season. Certain changes were made in the accumulators on the oceanographic winches. A different type of wire clamp which results in less mechanical damage to the wire rope was used on all Xansen type water bottles, and between the fourth survey and the postseason survey /Stainless steel wire rope replaced the galvanized plow steel wire rope on one of the winches. The Evergreen departed Argentia, X'^ewfoundland, on 31 March to conduct the first survey of the 1961 season. The survey covered the waters over and immediately seaward of the southern and eastern slopes of the Grand Banks from just westward of the Tail of the Banks northward to the latitude of Flemish Cap. The work of collection began on 2 April at station 7589 located off the southwestern slope of the banks and progressed from south to north without nuijor interruption. On 15 April, the final station, number 7673, was completed and the Evergreen proceeded to Argentia, arriving there on the morning of 17 April. The second survey covered the waters over and innnediately seaward of the northeastern slope of the Grand Banks from Flemish Cap northwestward to station 7723 located at the offshore corner of the Bonavista triangle (50°00' X., 49°00' W.) and then along the southeast leg of the triangle to station 7731 (47°24' X., 50°00' W.). Ice conditions around the western part of the Bonavista triangle were such that oceanographic stations could not be taken and the occupation of the triangle, therefore, was not completed. The work of collection of data was completed on the morning of 5 May after 58 stations had been occupied. The Evergreen then proceeded to Argentia, arriving there on the evening of 6 May. A third survey, stations 7732 to 7818, made between 25 May and 5 June was similar to that covered by the fu'st survey. On 24 May en route to the first oceanographic station, three Richardson current meters were moored along section U at depths of 35 to 40 meters 1 To be reprinted as Coutributioii Xo. 1252 in the Collected Reprints of the Woods Hole Ocean- ographic Institution. 19 below the surface in watei' (lei)llis of 42 falliojiis, 475 fathoms and 980 fathoms. '^Fhese meters wei-e intended to record the speed and direction of the Labrador (^urrent as it thictuated in space and time. These experiments will be described in a later bulletin. The Evergreen departed Argentia, Newfoundland, on the afternoon of 8 June to participate in a search for a fishing dory missing on the Grand Banks. It was concluded that the dory had been run down in the fog. After several days of searching, the case was closed and the Evergreen proceeded to the first station of the fourth survey arriving on the early afternoon of 14 June. The area covered was similar to that covered in the second survey and also included the Bonavista triangle. Data collection was completed during the night of 22 June, where upon the Evergreen, en route to Argentia, checked the positions and condition of current meter moorings. The Evergreen departed Ai'gentia, Newfoundland, on the afternoon of 2 July to begin the postseason oceanographic survey which included an occupation of the Bonavista triangle and a section across the Labrador Sea from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell, Greenland. The triangle, consisting of 30 stations was completed on the afternoon of 6 July where upon the Evergreen proceeded to South Wolf Island arriving at the first station, number 7928, on the next day. In addition to the normal work of collecting temperature and salinity data on the Labrador Sea section, oxygen determinations were made for all depths at all stations occupied, excluding only surface samples. A total of 508 determinations was made using a modification of the Winlder method. The results will be discussed in a later section of this bulletin. The final station, number 7950, was occupied on the evening of 11 July, 6 miles off Cape Farewell. There were no inter- ruptions or unusual delays during any of the 1961 surveys. The oceanographic work was under the supervision of Ocean- ographer Alfred P. Franceschetti who was assisted by Lt. R. \I. O'Hagan. Other assistants in the observational work and reduction of data included R. C. Norris, aerographer's mate first class; F. N. Brown, yeoman first class; D. P. Wagner, aerographer's mate second class; R. C. Bowden, aerographer's mate second class and J. A. Senef elder, seaman aerographer's mate. Temperature and salinit}'^ observations were made at each of the 362 stations. At the 23 stations forming the section across the Labrador Sea, the observations extended from the surface to as near the bottom as was practicable. At the remaining stations, the observations were hmited to the upper 1,500 meters. The intended depths of observa- tions, in meters, were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, and thence by 500-meter intervals. Tem|)eratures were measured with protected deep sea reversing thermom- eters, mostly of Richter & Wiese manufacture, but with some manu- factured by Negretti & Zambra, Q. M. Manufacturing Company and 20 Kahl Scientific Instrument Corp. Depths of observation are based on unprotected reversing thermometers made by Richter & Wiese and hy Kahl Scientific Instrument Corp. As in other years, a program of intercomparison of protected thermometers was carried out in the field measurements. The thermometers were used in pairs and one of each pair was shifted periodically so that the same thermometer was eventually paired with a number of otlier thermometers. From a total of 2,022 intercomparisons, the standard deviation between the corrected readings of a pair of protected thermometers was ±0.010° C. Of these comparisons, 1,611 involved thermometers having a range of — 2° to +8° with a standard deviation of ±0.008°, 310 comparisons between thermometers of range —2° to +20° or greater gave a standard deviation of ±.013° and 101 comparisons were between thermometers with a range of +3° to +13° and gave a standard deviation of ±0.008°. As most of the observed temperatures listed in the Table of Oceanograpliic Data are the means of the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers and as numy of the tliermometers had recent ice point determinations, it is considered that tlie tabulated observed temperatures are good to ±0.01° C. As in past j^ears, salinities were measured with a Wcnner sahnity bridge. Prior to the beginning of field work, two check rims were made to verify the calibration curve using samples whicli had been stored in glass for 1 3'ear after the precise chlorinity determinations nuule in February of 1960. No significant change in the calibration curve was observed. In the field measurements, the bridge was standardized with water from an oil-sealed carboy of sea water. Copenhagen standard water of batch P29 was measured as an unknown twice during each sahnity run. At the end of each survey, these measurements were used to correct the tentative value of tlie sahnity of the oil-sealed carboy which liad been used as a substandard of salinity and to deter- mine the corrections to the salinities for the survey. The corrections indicated were as follows: first survey +0.01n°/oo; second survey + 0.005%o; third survey +0.0l2°/oo; fourth survey +0.00i°/oo; post- season survey +0.02o°/oo. Necessary corrections have been applied to the tabulated values appearing ui the Table of Oceanograpliic Data and have been considered in the construction of the dynamic topographic charts. Temperaturecontrolof the samples in the electrolytic cells of the bridge limit the precision of the individual measurements to 0.005°/oo. In view of the precise chlorinity determinations of February 1960 and the check runs on the calibration curve this would also have been the accuracy of the 1961 field measurements. Difficulties with the standardization technique, however, make it appear tliat the precision and accuracy of the values tabulated here are about 0.01 °/oo. Figures 15 through IS show the dynannc topography, in chronolog- ical order, found during the four surveys made during the season. As in the past, the reference surface used was 1000 decibars. The first 21 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44* , FifiiRE 15. Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1,000-clecibar surface, from data collected 2-15 April 1961. Oceanographic station positions ai'e iiidiciited and the station numt)ers gix-en at luniing points. 22 23 40* Fifn-RE 17. — Dynamic topography of the yea surface relative to the 1,000-decibar surface, from data collected 25 May-5 June 1901. Oceanographic station ])ositi()iis arc indicated and tlie station mnnbers given at turning points. 24 25 survey, figure 15, shows a weak Labi-ador Current whicli becomes poorly defined south of 45° N. Most of what Httle Labrador Current water enters the surveyed area from the north sets westward between 45° X., and 46° N., and is lost to the surveyed area. The higlier dynaiuic heig'hts ;it stations 7622, 7()2;^, and 76)30 are the resuU of warmer water which probably crossed the Grand Banks Irom the margins of the Gull' Stream system oil" tlie southwest slope of the Grand Banks. Some modified Labrjidor (^u'rent water continues in a southwai'd flow along the eastern slo])e of the banks south of 45° N., and rounds the Tail of the Banks to the westward in a normal pattern. The Atlantic Current shows a characteristic meander to the southeast- ward ill the vicinity of station 7608. The northern nuirgin of the Atlantic C/urrent shows an abnormal meander northward, with the axis at a])Out 46° W., the efi'ects of which extend to the northermost section of the survey at station 7667. Eastward of this meander, a cyclonic eddy is shown southward of Flemish Cap. Any bergs enter- ing the area from the north would ])rob that for a berg to be carried soutli by the Labrador Current, it would have liatl to enter the western edge of the area between stations 7725 and 7726 and even then with some chances of stranding on the northern odix^" of tlie Grand Banks. The weak clockwise circulation within the two dynamic isohypses of 970.9 dynamic meters northwestward of Flemish Cap was probably con- ditioiTcd by the northward meander of the Atlantic Current found in this longitude in the first survey. Rather flat topography was found in the northeastern half of the surveyed area. In figure 17, from data collected dui-ing the third survey, the Lab- radoi- Current shows some recovery from the situation found during the first survey, especially with regjird to its continuation southward past the 45th parallel. It suft'ers some eastward deflection at the 46th parallel and just north of the 44th parallel the renmants of the warm water found during the first survey still afl^ect stations 7768-70. Losses of Labi-ador Current water mixing and recurving eastward are l)ronounced south of 44° X. A major meander of the Atlantic Cur- rent northward with its axis along the 47th meridian is shown from 43° X., northward. Eastward of this a southward meander of colder mixed water extends along the 46th meridian to south of 44° N. The remnant of the abnormal northward Jiu^ander of Atlantic (\nTent water found during the first survey along the 46th meridian is traceable with an axis through stations 778:5, 7800, and 781 1. The dynamic to])ograpliy found during the fourth survey is shown in figure 18. The dividing point between the eastern and western branches of the Labrador Cun-ent appears to ])v som(^what northward 26 of the Bonavista triangle. The low velocities along its northwestern side, between stations 7822 and 7825, and the acconijDanying com- plicated low velocity current pattern, produce an apparent separation of the eastern and western branches. From the rest of the chart adjacent to the southeastward, however, it would appear that the eastern and western branches are divided by the isohypse of 971.04 dynamic meters. At the southern margin of the chart the minimum dynamic height marking the eastern boundary of the Labrador Current shifted eastward progressively during the four surveys; 10 miles between the fii'st and second, 3% miles between the second and third, and 17 miles between the third and fourth for a total shift of some 30 miles from April to June. Although less precisely defined, the eastern boundary of the Labrador Current at the northern edge of the surveyed area shifted westward about 25 miles between the second and fourth surveys. As in the second survey; the dynamic topography in the northeastern half of the area showed little relief during the fourth survey. In the Grand Banks region there are two water masses, Labrador Current water and Atlantic Current water, which mix with proportions usually sufficiently constant to produce a virtual water mass, the mixed water. Based upon the observations made during the first and third sm'veys, the temperature-salinity relationships found in 1961 have been shown in figure 19 as solid lines. For comparison, the T-S curves representing the means for the 14-year period 1948-61 have been shown as broken lines. Except for the upper 300 meters in the Atlantic Current, the tem- peratures were higher than nonnal in 1961 in each water mass. In the Labrador Current water at levels of 100 meters and above, the higher temperatures were accompained by lower salinities to produce lower densities. At 150 and 200 meters, an increase in salinity offset the eft'ect of higher temperatures to maintain normal densities. At the 300- and 400-meter levels, higher salinities produced greater than normal densities. In the mixed water, salinities compensated tem- peratures to ap])roxinuile normal densities down to about 100 meters. Below that level, densities were lighter than normal. In the Atlantic Current water, the densities were less than normal at levels deeper than 200 meters. Over the years, several s 'ctions across the Labrador Current have l)een occupied repeatedly. Many of these have a sufficient munber of occupations to permit the estimation of tentative normal seasonal variation relationships. The sections are defined as follows: South Wolf Island, extending 045° T from South Wolf Island, Labrador aiormals published in Bulletin No. 44 of tliis series); sections XW, SW and SE, forming the northwestern, southwestern and southeastern sides of the Bonavista triangle (normals published in Bulletin Xo. 39 of this series); section H, parallel to and about 40 miles south- 27 £! z TEMPERARIRE ' O CD f^ lo m c C\J O Y lA \ \ \ \i ^•; N^ \ \ Hi \ \ \ '^ \ in \ ^ o \ m \^p \ 1 \s v.. ^ in 0) ^ \ ^ '^ ^s lO \ \ 8- i- * 1 \ \ \ i»> \ \ \ 8-1 > K) \ \ \ §1 oA ^ '\-8 \ lO \ \ S- \ 1 1 u o \ \ \ \ \ nI ^v^ \ \ ^ liJ ^ \ ' V \ \ V ^^ z \ \ \ 1 a UJ \ 1 1 1 !-8 «x \ ' , 2 iC K \ \ \ N \ ^ S8 1 ^ 1 \ . V qZ (E ^UJUJ 11^ ^ o \ \ K; v^^ ? lO "^ ^ N. ^ 00 ^^ \ \ \ V \ lO (0 \ \ \ \ \ \ > \ > \ V lO \ \ X \ A > ! ^l 1 in 2> S \ \, \ ' ,^ to ro to '"" UJ 5 UJ Q Z - \ \ \, •n- i-tc ro to lO J -1 O z ^ \ \ ro rO OD \ s '„ -^ -> "T; L. ^ -U :-; O ^ h ■r %, c o ■r o ■~; T aJ _« ^ ffi — +s ait 28 II easterly of SE; section G, extending northeasterly from abont 47°10' X., 4S°40' W.; section F2, an east-west section between the Grand Banks and Flemish Cap along the parallel of 47°15' X.; section F, similar to Fo but about 30 miles farther south (normals for G and F published in Bulletin X^o. 42 of this series); section T, extending southeasterly from about 46°20' X\, 49°00' W.; section U, extending easterly from the Grand Banks at about 45° X".; and section W. extending southerly from the Grand Banks at about 50°lo' W. (normals for T, U and W published in Bulletin Xo. 46 of this series). Data are still insufficient for the development of even tentative normals for sections H and Fo. During the four surveys and postseason survey of 1961, there were 23 occupations of these sections. From these data, the volume trans- port (given in millions of cubic meters per second), mean temperature and minimum observed temperature (given in degrees Centigrade), and heat transport (given in millions of cubic meter degrees Centi- grade per second) have been derived and their values given in Table 1 in comparison with seasonal normal values where these are available. An examination of Table 1 shows a preponderance of subnormal volume transport figures and warmer than normal mean temperatures and minimum observed temperatures. Since the heat transport is the product of volume transport and mean temperature, the picture derived from inspection of the table is not clear-cut with respect to heat transport. The volume transport at the several sections have been shown in figure 20, which is a schematic representation of the circulation deduced from the volume transport and mean temperatures given in Table 1. From Table 1, it is seen that at the beginning of the season the Labrador Current was subnormal in volume transport, with the ab- normality greater in the southern part of the area than in the more northerly part. As the season progressed, the abnormalities were reduced and approximately normal conditions were reached in the latter part of June. The geographical distribution of the abnormalities is illustrated by considering two occupations of the Bona vista triangle which averaged 103 percent of normal volume with an average mean temperature 0.02° warmer than normal; the average of all sections G and F was 88 percent of normal volume and 0.31° above normal mean temperature; and the average of all sections T, U and W was 64 percent of normal volume and 0.57° above normal mean temper- ature. From the anonuilies of volume transport and mean temperature it would appear that the deficiency in the volume of the Labrador Current was in its colder, inshore component. This, in combination with the nearly normal conditions found at the Bonavista triangle, in turn suggests that a greater than usual proportion of tlie Labrador Current followed the western branch along the Avalon Peninsula of 29 o o Z) o Z UJ Of O < CD < CO CO o < CO Z o H- VJ UJ CO >- iz «^ O >- a: < CO C<3 •*tOIM ■o O CD - 05 0:0 0 »0 ^ -* CT> CO t* (N »0 OS 05 (N 'OCOCOCC C^Ot-^Ot^QOoi csoooo CO lO lO [^ 05 O 05 CV] CO COr^ O^-l (M o o o o o o c> ++++ +++ ro -M -"H CO CO '-H coco 7TT? ^:) CO •— ^:i T777 -O OCO Ol O lO lO ' ' »o CO -^ r- lo CO o "D to I I Oi "* »0 I>- '-H CO O t^ -Tt^ CO QO »0 CO Oi (M .-H Oi '^ i-H »0 »0 CS O CO CO (M M I M I I lO lOCO ^ 7777 >. COCOCl o -<^ CO rji 05 CO 05 CO QOOOOOi ■rt* CO lO WD CO.-I >o J^ § 00 r^ co^ lOOJ iOCO 3 OO— '•-< ++++ o + T oooo ++ 1 1 ooo 1 1 + o + o + oooo 1 1 ++ < "3 S to "^ ■* 05 g 03 rt o;^ lO OOOTttOO c^ ^' ci cj 05 C rt' c4 o 1 1 00O5l>-CO lOr-rHO OStJHCOCO h-COGOtO'Oi— 33 u T3 ;^ ^ O X c: t; T1 o T, a^ ^ u. CL O 3j I— ' 3 tH -J. ^ h^ 38 Irininger Current coinponont a constant mean temperature of 5.5°, then in 1961 the East Greenland Current component had a volume transport of 2.10 which was close to the seasonal normal of 2.14, while tile Irminger Current component contributed 3.88 which was well above the seasonal normal of 2.59. In an attempt to characterize the intermediate water and deep water for an entire occupation of the section, averages liave been taken of all observed temperatures and salinities from depths between 450 and 1,750 meters in the central part of the Labrador Sea and scaled values of temperature and salinity at all stations at levels of 2,000, 2,500, 3,000 and 3,500 meters. These values for the 1961 occupation of the section are given below in comparison with averages for the 14-year period 1948-61. Temperature Potential temperature Salinity 1961 Average 1961 Average 1961 Average 3.37 3.21 2.86 2.51 2.10 3.32 3.20 2.88 2.41 1.92 34. 855 34. 895 34. 906 34. 898 34. 875 34. 87o 2,(1(1(1 meters 3.04 2.66 2.26 1.80 3.04 2.68 2.17 1.63 34. 92o 'J, 500 meters- 34. 925 3,000 meters 34.91s 34. 90j Dissolved oxygen measurements of samples from the Labrador Sea section were carried out by tlie metliod outlined by Jacobsen, J. P., et al.^ Samples were taken from all levels except the surface. Teflon coated Nansen-type water bottles were used for sampling except for the 25-nieter level and at station 7,942 at 3,478 meters where silver coated bottles were used. The sampling teclmique was essentially tJiat described by Jacobsen and the complete analysis was carried out within 2 liours of tlie sampling. Titrations were made on each sample until repeated titrations showed a precision of 1 part in 300 or better. Standardizations of the NagSjOs solution were re- peatedly carried out dui-ing the cruise, tlius insuring the accuracy and compatibility of tlie titrations. This was accomplished by stand- ardizing with a previously prepai-ed potassium bi-iodate standard. Aliquot samples of the treated sea water were withdrawn by a 50 nd automatic pipette and titrations were made with a micro-burette. It should be noted here that the saturation values were obtained by the use of the nomogram of Richards and Corwin.^ Since this nomogram corresponds to the oxygen saturation values of Truesdale, et al.,^ whicli are given only to a minimum temperature of 0° C, it -• Jacobsen, J. P., Robinson, Rex and Tlionip.soii, Tlioiuas G. A review of the deterniinalion of dissolved oxygen in sea water 1)y the Wiiilcler method. Union Geodes et Geophys. int., Assoc. d'Oceanog Pliys., Pub. Seientif. no. 11, 19.50. 3 Richards, Francis A. and Corwin, Nathaniel. Some oceanographic applications of recent determina- tions of the solubiHty of oxygen in sea water. Limnol. and Oceanog., vol 1, pp 263-267, 1956. * Truesdale, G. A., Downing, A. L., and Lowden, G. F. The solubility of oxygen in pure water and sea water. J. Appl. Chem., vol 5 (2), pp 53-62, 1955. 39 was lu'cossary to extrapolate the noinograin for samples from the Labrador Current where negative tempei'atures were found. This was done in preference to using the saturation tables of Fox ^ since there is some question as to the accuracy of liis saturation values especially at low temperatures and low salinities (Truesdale ^). Referring to figures 25 and 26, there is some question as to the oxygen values for the 403 and 600 ineter levels at station 7935 and the 197 meter level at station 7940. It is believed that these samples were contaminated and therefore they have not been used in con- struction of the figures. From tlie foregoing figures it can \)o seen that high values of oxygen are characteristic of the entire section; however, some systematic differences do exist and the absolute values appear to be characteristic of the various parent w^ater masses. That is, the Labrador Current and the cold portion of the West Greeidand Cui'i-ent have high values of dissolved oxygen as compared to corresponding levels of the central portion of the Labrador Sea; wliereas the warm Irminger Current component of the West Greenland Current has less oxygen. Mini- mum values of oxygen, both as regards nd/1 and percent saturation, were found in a band between 2,000 and 3,000 metei-s. Below this minimum, the oxygen grades toward high values along bottom. The oxygen distribution in this high oxygen bottom water suggests a source near the Greenland side of the section. If the salinity distribution found in the Labrador Sea section during the postseason survey in Jidy I960 may be assumed to approximate the conditions existing along the section in the autunm of that year, it is of interest to examine the average salinities at different points along the section, taking averages from the surface to successively deeper levels, to estimate the salinity distribution resulting from vertical convection following surface cooling and wind stirring of autumn and winter storms. In the central part of the Labrador Sea between the offshore portions of the West Greenland Current and the Labrador (Vu-rent, the liorizontal movements are slight and, it has been assumed, of negligible efi'ect on convection. W^ith such a situation, the salinities resulting from convection to bottom would be about 34.88 to 34.89°/oo on the Labrador side and 34.90 to 34.91 °/oo on the Greenland side. Further assumptions involved are that the surface area in question is sufficiently distant from shore that the surfac(> salinities were uiuiffected by melting or formation of ice and ihat no significant changes occui'red in surface salinities from evapo- j'ation or precipitation. The bottom salinities estimated from the 1961 observations are of the orch-r of 0.01-,°/oo fresher than the vertical averap;es described above. ' Fox, ('. J. .1. On the cooflicients of aljsorption of nitrogen and o.xygen in distilled water and sea water and of alniosplK'ric carl;oni<: acid in sea water. Farartay Soc. Trans., vol 5, pp 08-87, 1909. 40 The potential bottom temperatures, and consequently the winter- time siu'faee temperatures required for vertical convection to bottojn, were about 1.3° to 1.4° in the deeper parts of the section. In comiec- tion with another study, the average April surface temperatures in the five 1° rectangles bounded by 60° N., and 61° N., and 50° W., and 55° W., are available for comparison with such temperatures. For the decades 1876-85, 1886-95, 1916-25 and 1926-35 the average April surface temperature was warmer than 1.5°. The average April surface temperature approximated the required temperature for the decade 1896-1905, and was colder tlian required during the decades 1906-15, 1936-45 and 1946-55. The rectangles sampled were some- what north of the Labrador Sea section under consideration and data for some years are fragmentary, but April is probably later than the season of minimum temperature, and it is considered that the his- torical temperatures indicate that, in many winters, deep vertical convective mixing is possible. Such an hypothesis requires a mechanism for tlie reestablishment of conditions found during the summertime such as are shown in figures 23 through 26. The concept of mixing of adjacent waters of differing T-S characteristics within a constant density surface to produce a slightly denser mixed water which sinks to its appropriate new density surface provides such a mechanism around the periphery of the Labrador Sea. Here we have contrasts in temperature and salinity between the Irminger Current component of the West Greeidand Cur- rent and the adjacent water of the central I^abrador Sea and with the adjacent East Greenland Current component of the West Greenland Current. On the I^abrador side there are also smaller contrasts between tlie warmer offshore part of the Labrador Current (derived from the West Greenland Current) and the adjacent w^ater of the I^abrador Sea offshore and again the inshore part of the Labrador Cur- rent (derived from tlie Bafhnland Current). In each case horizontal gradients of velocity provide the necessary shear for the mixing. Thus, after the deep convective mixing of wintertime ceases, sinking of mixed water spreading southwestward from beneath the Irminger Current component of the West Greenland Current provides the deep salinity maximum-oxvgen minimum at 2,000 3,000 meters and sinking of mixed water spreading northeastward from beneath tlie offshore part of the Labrador Current provides the temperature nuiximum- oxygen maximum at about 1,500 meters. In such a system the bottom water, being least affected, is least altered from the winter picture and retains the coldest temperatures. Witli water sinking from upper levels there is necessary an outflow of water from the deeper levels of the Labrador Sea. If there is a surface of no horizontal motion at intermediate levels, then the inclination of the deep surfaces of equal density indicate an outflow of deep and bottom water in the southwestern half of the section. 41 04538.3 — 63^—4 The density surfaces in the deep water are less regularly inclined in the Greenland half and are not determinate in indicating the direc- tion of flow. Because of the magnification of errors of measurement in the integration over lai'ge vertical distances, the methods of dynamic topogi-aphy cannot give us reliable answers here and, because of the low velocities involved, the answer must await an extensive time series of direct observations of the water movement. One feature of the oxygen disti'ibution (figures 25 and 26) which is unexplained is the tongue of high values extending downward to a depth of greater than 1,000 meters at stations 7943 and 7944. If this were located somewhat to the southwestward it might represent water least disturbed since wintertime convective jnixing. The salinities and temperatures, however, indicate that it has been involved in the restoration of sunnnertime conditions. Other difficulties with the foregoing hypotiu'sis of an annual inter- mittant circulation cycle involve questions as to the rate of oxygen consumption in tlic deeper levels, whether necessary horizontal and vertical velocities are reasonable and whether the mechanism can explain the occasional appearance, at levels of 2,500 to 3,000 meters, of snudl quantities of water of salinity as high as 34.95 °/oo. A need is indicated for a time series of observations to develop information about the fall, wintci' and spring parts of the seasonal cycle. SUMMARY At the beginning of the 1961 season, there was probably an ab- normal division of tiie Labrador Current into its eastern and western branches with more than the usual proportion following the western branch. Certainly the eastern branch was found to be subnormal, especially south of the latitude of Flemish Cap. The surveys fol- lowed the changes in this situation as conditions slowly returned to normal near the end of the season. 1. Five dynamic topographic charts resulting from the four sur- veys made in the Grand Banks region during the season and tlu^ post- season occupation of the Bonavista triangle have been presented. 2. The temperature-salinity characteristics of the three water masses found in the (Jrand Baid-cs region during the 1961 season have been compared with the means foi- the 14-year period 1948-61. 3. The volume and heat transports and nu'an and minimum ob- served temperatures h)un(l (hu'iiig 23 occupations of sections across the Ijabrador (\u"rent in 1961 have been pi'csentfMl in comparison with tentative seasonal normals. 4. The circulation in the inteniuMhate, (h'ep and bottom water of the l^abrador Sea has been discussed in the hght of the tem])erature, salinity and oxygen distribution found in 1961 along the section from South Wolf Island, Labrador to Cape F'arc^well, Gre(Mil:ind. 42 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA The data collected iii 1961 are tabulated below. The individual station headings give the station number, date, geographical position, depth of water and dynamic height oC the sea surface used in the construction of the dynamic topographic charts sho^^^l in figures 15, 16, 17, 18, 21 and 22. The depths of water are rough approxunations, being the micorrected sonic soundings based on a sounding velocity of 800 fathoms per second and contaming an additional mechanical speed error of about 1/60. Wliere the depths of scaled values are enclosed in parentheses, the data are based on extrapolated vertical distribution curves of temperature or salinity or both. Asterisks appearing before observed temperatures indicate that these tempera- tures were determined from the depth of reversal and the corrected reading of an unprotected thermometer. The symbol ui signifies 1000 (density — 1) at atmospheric pressure and temperature t. Values of dissolved o.xygen found at stations 7928-7950 are separateh" tabu- lated at the end of the usual tabulation of temperatures and salinities. TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. 7oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Siltn- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, station 7589; 2 April; 41°58' N., 50°36' W.; depth 3,910 m.; dynamic height 970.961 0 32 57 83 108- — 159.— 210---. 311--.- 411 616.-.. 821 1,025-. 1,541.. 3.42 33.29 0 3.42 33.30 3.10 33.32 25 3.25 33.31 2.39 33.37 t 50 2.55 33.35 3.56 34.04 75 3.35 33.91 3.23 34.26 100---- 3.30 34.21 3.76 34.50 150---- 3.70 34.46 4.40 34.72 200-.-- 4.30 34.68 5.06 34. 94 300.--. 5.05 34.92 4.76 34.99 400.-.- 4.80 34.99 4.23 34.97 600---. 4.30 34. 97 3.81 34.92 800---. 3.80 34.92 3.76 34.95 1,000-. 3.75 34.95 3.62 34.95 i 26. 52 26.54 26.63 27.01 27.25 27.41 27.52 27.63 27.71 27.75 27.77 27.79 station 7590; 3 April; 41°54' N., 51°55' W.; depth 3,910 m.; dynamic height 971.129 0 31 56 81 106 155---- 205-..- 305..- 404 601..-. 796---- 997---- 1,501-- 7.15 33.98 0 7.15 33.99 10.99 35.10 25 10.55 35.00 11.20 35. 15 50 11.15 35.14 12.13 35. 41 75 12.00 35.37 12. 14 35. 40 100..-- 12.15 35.41 11.01 35. 16 150...- 11.10 35.17 11.39 35.31 200---. 11.40 35. 31 7.89 34. 95 300... 7.95 34. 95 6.64 34. 95' 400.--- 6.70 34.95 4.63 34.91 600.--- 4.65 34.91 4.22 34. 95 800---- 4.20 34.95 3.83 34. 93 1,000.. 3.85 34.93 3.77 34. 95 26.63 26.88 26.88 26.90 26.90 26.91 26.96 27.26 27.44 27.66 27. 75 27.77 43 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, "/oo meters ture, °C. "loo Observetl values 3caled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. 7oo Station 7591; 3 April; 42°20' N., 51°27' W.; depth 2,867 m.; dynamic height 970.999 0 31 57 82 108.-.- 158..-- 209.-.- 314.... 419.-.- 623---- 824 1.030- - 1,544.. 5.50 33.91 0 5.50 33.91 6.63 33.95 25 6.30 33. 93 7.61 34. 55 50 7.45 34.44 6.36 34.48 75 6.55 34. 50 6. 55 34. 56 100.... 6.50 34. 55 3. o;i .■■14. li'i l.iO-..- 3.10 34. 18 5. 2ti ■M. r,.' •.'00... . 5.25 34. 60 4.4(i :-i4. 7(i .'•iOO 4.50 34. 74 4. 53 34. 88 400.... 4.50 34.86 4.58 34.95 600.... 4.60 34. 95 3.90 34. 93 800.... 3.95 34. 93 3.81 34. 93 1,000.. 3.80 34. 93 3.57 34.95 26.78 26.69 26.94 27.11 27. 15 27.24 27.35 27.55 27.64 27.70 27.75 27. 77 Station 7592; 3 April; 42°41' N., 51°05' W.; depth 2,110 m.; dynamic height 971.065 0 32_... 59..-. 85_... 112... 163 216.— 313..- 404.-- 602.-.. 798.... 1,000. . 1,515.. 0.55 33. 12 0. 0.55 33. 12 0.21 33. 17 25 0.30 33. 15 0.17 33. 40 50 0.15 33.30 1.88 33. 71 75 1.15 33. 57 3. 63 34. 02 100.--- 2.90 33.88 6.71 34. 551 150...- 6.20 34.49 . 6.52 34. ,59: 200 6.60 34.59 4.38 34. 55^ 300..-. 4.45 34. 55 4.39 34. 75 400...- 4.40 34. 74 4.44 34. 92 600...- 4.45 34. 92 4.42 34. 99 800... 4.45 34.99 4.03 34.95 1,000.. 4.05 34.95 3.58 34.93 26.58 26.62 26.75 26.90 27.02 27.14 27. 17 27.40 27.56 27.70 27.75 27.76 Station 7593; 3 April; 42°53' X., 50°52' W.; depth 1,059 m.; dynamic height 971.016 74--. 99.... 147..- 196-.. 295... 393... 590--. 794--. 1,001. 3.50 33. 56 1 0 3.50 33.56 3. 30 33. (14 2.T 3.30 33.64 3. ss ;i:i. '.>i\ :A) 3.90 33. 96 4.37 31. (i:s 'Jfi 4.40 34.03 5.29 34. 21 100... . 5.30 34.21 5.56 34. :«, 150-..- 5. 55 34. 36 5. 30 34. 43 200.--. 5.25 34.44 4.27 34. 69 300.... 4.25 34.70 4.77 34. 88 400.... 4.75 34.88 4.17 34. 92 600.... 4.15 34. 92 4.11 34. 94 800.--. 4.10 34. 94 3.95 34. 93 1,000.. 3.95 34.93 26.71 26.80 26.99 27.00 27.04 27. 12 27.22 27.54 27.63 27.73 27.75 27.76 Station 7594; 3 April; 42°57' N., 50°47' W.; depth 254 m.; dynamic height 971.047 0.. 30- 60. 90. 120 179 239 3. 43 33. 50 0 3.43 33. 50 4.34 33. .S2 25 4.30 33. 81 2. 8fi 33. 82 50 3.20 33. 82 2.61 33. 84 75 2.65 33. 82 5.62 34. 36 100.... 3.35 34.01 5.95 34. 45 150.... 5.90 34.43 4.70 34. 36 200.--. 5.55 34.44 26.66 26. 82 26.94 26.99 27.08 27.13 27.18 Station 7595; 3 April; 43°00' N., 50°42' W.; depth 165 m.; djaiamic height 971.048 0- 27. 54. 80- 107 160 2.22 33.43 0 2.22 33. 43 1.03 33.53 25 1.05 33. 53 1.84 33. 69 50 1.70 33. 66 3.50 33.95 75 3.20 33.90 4.99 34.19 100--.. 4.70 34.24 5.25 34.32 150- - 5.20 34.30 26.71 26.88 26.94 27. 00 27. 04 27.11 Station 7596; 3 April; 43°02' N., 50°38' W.; depth 96 m.; dynamic height 971.062 0- 0.48 33. 13 0 0.48 33. 13 31 0.58 33. 24 25 0.60 33. 22 58 0.37 33. 45 50 0.40 33.38 83 5.17 34. 12 75 3.40 33.86 26.60 26.66 26.79 26.96 Station 7597; 3 .\pril; 43°17' N., 50°21' W.; depth 71 m.; dynamic height 971.057 0 1.11 33.23 0 1.11 33.23 26.64 30 2.02 33. 47 25 1.85 33.43 26.75 56 3.61 33.91 50 3.15 33.79 26.93 Station 7598; 3 April; 43°01' N., 50°20' \V.; deptli 91 m.; dynamic height 971.062 26.64 26.71 26.80 26.90 Station 7599; 3 .-Vpril; 42°50' N., 50°18' W.; depth 337 m.; dynamic height 971.049 0 -0.19 33.14 0 -0.19 33.14 31 -0.37 33.25 25 -0.35 33.22 57 -0. 24 33.38 50 -0.30 33.34 82 0.88 33.59 75 0.60 33.52 0.- 30. 55. 80- 105 153 203 302 -0.07 33.14 0 -0.07 33.14 -0.06 33. 15 25 -0. 05 33. 15 1.22 33. 64 50 0.95 33. 52 2.20 33. 84 75 2.00 33. 80 .3.72 34.06 100-..- 3.65 34.05 2.84 34. 03 150.--- 2.85 34. 04 4.74 .34. 33 200-.-. 4.70 34. 31 4.31 34.73 300---- 4.30 34.72 26. 63 26.63 26.88 27.03 27.09 27.15 27. 18 27.55 Station 7600; 4 April; 42°39' N., 50°15' W.; depth 2,180 m.; dynamic height 971.014 0.... 22_- 44... 66... 89... 133-- 177.. 278.. 385- 577.- 768.. 962.. 1,454 0.74 33.23 0 0.74 33.23 0.32 33.33 25 0.35 33.35 1.03 33.59 50 1.40 33.65 2.36 33.79 75 3.65 34.01 4.78 34.18 100-..- 4.80 34.22 4.86 34.27 150.... 5.20 34.35 5.56 34. 53 200...- 5.55 34. 64 5.45 34.82 300-.-- 5.15 34.80 3.61 34.70 400 3.65 34. 71 4.31 34. 90 600-.- 4,30 34.91 4.30 34. 92 800 4.25 34.93 3.99 34. 9(1 1,000 - 3.95 34.95 3.09 34.93 26.66 26.78 26. 96 27.06 27.10 27. 16 27. 35 27.52 27.61 27. 70 27.73 27.77 44 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961- Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- I Salin- Tem- 1 Salin- Depth, pera- ity, 1 Depth, pera- ity, -namit height 971.271 0-.. 30.. 55.. 79.- 104- 154- 203. 301. 400. 596. 793. 990. 12.72 35.57 0 12.72 35.57 12.72 35.56 25 12.70 35.57 12.75 35.57 50 12. 75 35.57 12.75 35.58 75 12. 75 35.58 12.83 35. 62 100.-. 12.80 35.61 12. 83 35.67 150.-.. 12.85 35.67 12.97 35. 71 200.... 12.95 35.71 13.16 35. 78 300-... 13. 15 35.78 11. 35 35.41 400-.. . 11.35 35.41 7.43 35. 12 600---. 7.30 35. 11 4.94 34.98 800---- 4.90 34.98 4.52 34.98 1.000-- 4.50 34.98 26.91 26.91 26.90 26.91 26. 92 26. 96 26.97 26. 98 27.03 27.48 27.69 27.74 Station 7619; 8-9 April; 43°41' N., 47°18' \V.; depth 4,390 m.; djmamic height 971.171 0 31 56 81 106 156 206.... 306 406 605 803.... 1,001- 1,492.. 10.60 34.96 0 10.60 34.96 10.60 34.96 25 10.60 34.96 12.70 35. .50 50 12. .50 35.45 12.81 35.51 75 12. 75 35.51 13.29 35.65 100-.-. 13. 25 35.64 12.42 35.44 150-.-. 12.50 35.46 12.01 35.40 200-.-- 12.05 35.41 9.57 35.14 300-.- 9.70 35.15 8.11 35.10 400-- 8.20 35.10 5.27 35.00 600---- 5.30 35.01 4.07 34.90 800.-- 4.05 34.91 3.78 34.91 1,000.. 3.80 34.91 3.53 34.90 26.83 26. 83 26.86 26.86 26. 88 26. 87 26.92 27. 14 27.34 27.67 27.73 27. 76 Station 7620; 9 April; 43°53' N., 47°53' W.; depth 4,010 m.; djTiamic height 970.966 0 5.49 34.26 0 5.49 34.27 27.06 31 5.67 34.31 25 5.60 34.30 27.07 0/ 5.91 34.36 50 5.80 34.34 27.08 82 6.04 34.43 75 6.00 34.41 27. 11 108 4.76 34.30 100.... 5.10 34.32 27.15 158 4.16 34.41 150.... 4.20 34.38 27.29 208 5.15 34. 70 200.-.. 5.05 34. 65 27.41 310 5.21 34.88 300.... 5.20 34.88 27.58 411 4.92 34.94 400..- 4.95 34.93 27.65 614 4.53 34.99 600.... 4.55 34.99 27.74 816 4.18 34.97 800...- 4.20 34.98 27.77 1,020... 3.87 34.94 1,000.. 3.90 34.94 27.77 1,.527.-. 3.54 34.92 Station 7621; 9 April; 44°00' N., 48°16' W.; depth 3,650 m.; dynamic height 970.932 0 5.22 34.23 0 5.22 34.24 27.07 32 5.24 34.26 25 5.25 34.26 27.08 58 5.22 34.25 50 5.20 34.25 27.08 84 5.49 34.43 75 5.40 34.34 27.13 110 5.69 34.66 100---- 5.65 34.64 27.33 161 5.70 34.65 150---- 5.70 34.65 27.34 213 4.70 34.71 200--. 4.85 34.70 27.48 317 4.29 34.83 300- — 4.35 34.81 27. 62 422 4.30 34.91 400---- 4.30 34.91 27.70 623 3.96 34.91 600--.- 4.00 34.91 27. 74 820 3.71 34.91 800--- 3.70 34.91 27. 77 1,023... 3.60 34. 92 1,000-- 3.60 34. 92 27.79 1,532... 3.43 34.92 Station 7622; 9 April; 44°08' X., 48°58' W.; depth 1,640 m.; dj-namic height 971.014 0 1.68 32.98 0 1.68 32.98 26.40 32 1.71 33.06 25 1.70 33.02 26. 43 58 6.37 34.54 50 4.50 34.01 26.97 84 7.11 34.67 75 6.90 34.63 27.16 110 7.59 34.77 100 7.45 34.74 27.17 161 5.02 34.43 1.50--. 5.55 34.48 27. 22 213 3.83 34.42 200— 4.00 34. 42 27.35 317 5.06 34.77 300--. 4.90 34.72 27. 49 420 5.26 34.99 400--- 5.25 34.97 27.64 624 4.58 34.98 600-.-- 4.65 34.99 27.73 825 3.91 34.92 800.-.- 4.00 34.93 27. 75 1,028.- 3.68 34.87 1,000- 3.70 34.88 27.74 1,537... 3.62 34.89 Station 7623; 9 April; 44°09' N., 48°58' W, 638 m.; djTiamic height 971.010 depth 0... 28.. 53-. 78-. 102. 153. 203. 303 405 0.45 33.12 0 0.45 33.12 5.35 33.25 25 4.95 33.21 7.17 34.64 50 7.00 34.47 7.98 34.81 75 7.90 34.80 8.37 34.91 100...- 8.35 34.91 6.85 34.68 150 6.90 34.69 6.63 34.78 200.— 6.65 34.78 5.29 34. 85 300.... 5.30 34.85 4.85 34.94 400.... 4.85 34.94 4.14 .34.92 600.... 4.15 34.92 26. 59 26. 29 27.02 27. 15 27.17 27. 21 27.31 27.54 27.67 27. 73 Station 7624; 9 April; 44°11' X., 49°04' W.; depth 182 m.; dynamic height 970.984 0 0.79 33.23 0 0.79 33.23 26.66 25 0.66 33.28 25 0.66 33. 28 26.71 .50 2.97 33.81 50 2.97 33.81 26. 96 75 3.29 34.02 75 3.29 34. 02 27. 10 100 4.72 34.30 100 4.72 34.30 27. 18 150 4.60 34.501 150 4.60 34.50 27.35 Station 7625; 9 April; 44°12.5' X., 49°09' W. 91 m.; djTiamic height 970.986 depth 0 0.63 33.20! o 0.63' 33.20 26.64 27 0.87 33.25 25 0.85 33.24 26.66 54 4.57 34.01 50 4.20 33.91 26.92 81 5.45 34.39 75 5.35 34.34 27.13 47 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 7626; 9 April; 44°13' N., 49°14' W 53 m.; dynamic height 970.991 depth 0 0.61 33.16 0 0.61 33.16 26.61 26_ 0.45 33.15 25 0.45 33.15 26.61 52 1.50 33.53 50 1.40 33.50 26.84 7627; 9 April; 44°59' N., 49°24'W.; depth 67 m.; dynamic height 971.001 0 -0.20 32.99 0 -0. 20 32.99 26.52 28 -0.17 33.04 25 -0.15 33.04 26. 55 52 -0.30 33.16 50 -0.30 33.15 26.65 Station 7628; 9 April; 44°56' N., 49°08' W.; depth 89 m.; dynamic height 971.008 0 -0. 53 32.92 0 -0.53 32.92 26. 47 32 -0.57 32. 95 25 -0. 55 32. 95 26.50 58 -0.65 33.00 50 -0. 65 32. 98 26.53 84 0.06 33.31 75 -0.30 33.16 26.66 Station 7629; 9 April; 44° 54.5' N., 48°59' W.; depth 673 m.; dynamic height 970.992 0 -0.52 32.97 0 -0.52 32.97 26. 51 31 -0. 62 33.00 25 -0.60 32.99 26.53 55 -0. 01 33. 21 50 -0.20 33.17 26.66 80 2. 92 33.90 75 2.30 33.78 26.99 105 6.49 34.39 100. ___ 5.95 34. 32 27.04 154 7.97 34. 85 150- __. 7.95 34.84 27.18 204 6.14 34.74 200_._- 6. 25 34.74 27. 34 307 3.89 34.81 :m)„.__ 3.95 34.81 27.66 410 4.14 ■M. 91 400.... 4.15 34.91 27.72 626 3.92 34.91 600__-_ 3.95 34.91 27.74 Station 7630; 10 April; 44°52.5' N., 48°47' W.; depth 1.784 m.; dynamic height 971.026 0 33 59 86 113...- 165.--. 218.... 321...- 422 618 806...- 1,011.- 1,536.- -0.48 33.01 0 -0.48 33.01 -0.49 25 -0.50 33. 02 0.03 33.61 50 -0.30 33.38 3.32 34.10 75 2.10 33. 94 4.96 34.37 100---- 4.35 34. 26 5.43 34.43 150-..- 5. 40 34. 42 5.36 34.44 200 --- 5. 40 34.44 2.98 34.52 300 -.- 3. 25 34.49 4.59 34.87 400 4.35 34.81 4.49 34.97 600---- 4. 50 34.97 4.04 34.93 800---- 4. 05 34.93 3.78 34.88 1,000-- 3.80 34.95 3.64 34. 92 26. 54 26.55 26.84 27.14 27. 18 27.19 Station 7631; 10 April; 44°49.5' N., 48°30' W.; depth 2,548 m.; dynamic height 970.974 0.-.. 31--. 56..- 81... 106.. 156.. 206.. 300.. 388.. 587.. 789.. 989.- 1,495 -0. 23 33.08 0 -0. 23 33.08 1.26 33.57 25 0.75 33. 56 4.49 •M. 21 .50 4.25 34.18 4.14 34.21 75 4.25 34.21 3. 54 34. 21 100---- 3.65 34.21 3.66 34.37 150---- 3.65 34. 35 4.79 34. 64 200 . -- 4.75 34. 62 3.99 34.67 300 - - 4.00 34.67 5.22 34. 96 400... 5.20 34.96 4.27 34.94 600...- 4.25 34. 94 4.08 34.94 800 4.10 34.94 3.68 34.89 1,000-- 3.70 34. 90 3.52 34.90 26.59 26.93 27.13 27.15 27. 22 27. 33 27. 42 27.45 27. 64 27.73 27. 75 27. 76 Station 7632; 10 April; 44°44' N., 47°58' W.; depth 3,367 m.; dynamic height 970.916 0 32.... 58.-.. 84-... 110... 162-.. 214... 319... 422... 624... 823... 1, 046. 1, 635- 2.02 33.57 0 2.02 33.57 3.40 33.89 25 3.35 33.84 3.18 34.00 50 3.25 33.96 3.12 34.28 75 3.15 34.20 3. 66 34.47 100.... 3.45 34.40 4. 69 34.72 150---- 4.50 34.68 4.83 34. 85 200-.-- 4.80 34.83 4.77 34.94 300-.-- 4.80 34.92 4.84 34.99 400.... 4.85 34.99 4.23 34.96 600..-- 4.30 34.96 3.94 34.94 800---- 3.95 34.94 3.63 34. 92 1,000.- 3.70 34.92 3.48 34.93 26. 85 26. 95 27.05 27.26 27. 39 27.49 27. 59 27.66 27.70 27.75 27.77 27.78 Station 7633: 10 April; 44°36' N., 47°16' W.; depth 3,913 m.; dynamic height 971.002 0 30-... 55.... 79-.-- 104.-- 153.-- 202--- 303.-- 405.-- 614.-- 815.-- 1,015. 1. 514. 6.49 34.33 0 6.49 34.33 6.47 34.32 25 6.45 34.33 6.34 34.34 50 6.35 34. 34 6.30 34.37 75 6.30 34.37 6. 70 34.58 100--.- 6.70 34.58 6. 01 34.52 150---- 6.00 34. 52 5.93 34.65 200---- 5.95 34.65 3.76 34.60 300---- 3.75 34.60 5.05 34.93 400---- 5.00 34.92 4.18 34.91 600-.-. 4.20 34.91 4.02 34. 91 800---- 4.05 34.91 3.92 34. 95 1,000-- 3.95 34. 95 3. 59 34.93 26.98 26.99 27. 01 27.04 27.15 27. 20 27.30 27.52 27.63 27.72 27.73 27.78 Station 7634; 10 April; 44°26' N., 46°32' W.; depth 4,004 m.; dynamic height 971.115 0--.- 32-.- 58--- 84--- 110-- 160-- 212.- 311-- 406.- 587-- 791.- 998.- 1.540 11.27 35.16 0 11.27 35. 17 11.42 35.20 25 11.40 35.19 11. 58 35. 25 50 11.50 35.23 12. 04 35.33 75 11.90 35.31 12. 08 35.37 100---- 12.10 35.36 11.83 35. 37 150---. 11.90 35.37 8.00 34. 82 200---- 8.20 34.84 8.89 35. 14 300---. 8.80 35.13 6.88 35. 01 400---. 6.95 35. 02 5.36 35. 02 600..-- 5.30 35. 02 4.54 34.98 800---- 4.50 34.98 3.91 34.93 1.000.. 3.90 34.93 3.74 34.92 26.88 26.87 26.88 26.87 26.87 26.91 27.14 27.27 27. 46 27.68 27.74 27.76 Station 7635; 10 .\pril; 44°14' N., 45°44' \V.; depth 4,460 m.; dynamic height 971.120 0 32.... 57.... 83.-.. 109... 159.-- 211... 313... 413... 613.-- 816... 1, 019. 1, 530. 8.10 34.53 0 8.10 34.53 8.20 34.52 25 8.15 34.52 8.92 34.66 50 8.70 34. 62 9.88 34.92 75 9.85 34.89 9.70 34.86 100---. 9.75 34.87 11.39 35.33 150-.-- 11.35 35. 31 10.03 35.18 200--.- 10.30 35. 21 8.89 35. 16 300 9.10 35.16 5.87 34.80 400--.- 6.15 34.83 5.01 34.97 600---- 5.05 34.97 3.96 34.91 800---- 4.00 34.91 3.79 34.91 1,000-- 3.80 34.91 3. 60 34.92 26.91 26.90 26.89 26.91 26.91 26.98 27.08 27. 25 27.41 27.67 27.74 27.76 48 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 -Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, :( 300 4.25 34.81 depth 27. 03 27.01 27. 02 27.09 27.28 27.41 27.48 27.63 Station 7694; 1 May; 47°20' N., 45°40' W.; depth 269 m.; dynamic height 970.915 0... 32.. 58.. 83.- 109. 158- 209- 259- 2.71 33.88 0 2.71 33.88 2.68 33.89 25 2.70 33.89 2.92 33.94 50 2.85 33.92 3.18 34.33 75 3.10 34.21 3.05 34.37 100---- 3.10 34.35 3.56 34. 52 150 3.45 34.50 3.98 34. 68 200--.- 3.90 34.66 4.17 34.76 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.27 27.38 27.47 27.55 Station 7695; 1 May; 47°21.5' N., 45°18' W.; depth 218 m.; dynamic height 970.899 27.11 27.14 27.17 27.38 27.45 27.53 27.59 0 3.22 34.03 0 3.22 34.03 25 3.13 34.05 25 3.15 34.05 51 2.99 34.07 50 3.00 34.07 76 3.21 34.39 75 3.20 34.36 103 3.55 34.50 100--- 3.50 34.49 153 4.10 34.67 150-..- 4.10 34.66 204 3.91 34. 72 200.... 3.95 34.72 Station 7696; 1 May; 47°23' N., 45°00' W 178 m.; dynamic height 970.897 depth 0 3.58 34.07 0 3.58 34.07 27.11 26 3.48 34.08 25 3.50 34.08 27.13 52 3.46 34.13 50 3.45 34.12 27.16 78 3.38 34.31 75 3.40 34.29 27.30 105---- 3.46 34.54 100--. 3.45 34. 52 27.48 156 3.39 34.60 150.-- 3.40 34.60 27.55 Station 7697; 1 May: 47°28' N., 45°11' W.; depth 218 m.; dynamic height 970.905 0.. 29- 55-. 80- 107. 158, 210 3.32 34.03 0 3.32 34.03 3.18 34.01 25 3.20 34.03 3.18 34.00 50 3.20 34.00 3.12 34. 05 75 3.10 34.03 3.19 34.44 100---- 3.15 34.38 4.59 34. 75 150---- 4.55 34.74 4.31 34.77 200.--- 4.35 34. 77 27.10 27. 12 27.09 27.12 27.40 27. 54 27.59 Station 7698; 1 May; 47°40.5' N., 45°42' W.; depth 317 m.; dynamic height 970.917 0 2.90 33.91 0 2.90 33.91 27. 05 30 2.67 33.92 25 2.70 33.92 27.07 56 2.60 33.91 50 2.60 33.92 27.08 80 2.69 33.99 75 2.65 33.97 27. 12 106 3.51 34.37 100.... 3.50 34.36 27. 35 155 2.78 34.38 150.--- 2.80 34.38 27. 43 204 3.81 34. 65 200---- 3.75 34.64 27. 55 305 4.24 34.83 300---- 4.20 34.83 27.65 54 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, Observed values Depth, meters Tem- Salin- pera- ity, ture, °/oo °C. Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 7099; 1 May; 47°45.5' N., 45°51' W.; depth 428 m.; d>^lamic height 970.904 0 2.83 33.88 0 2.83 33.88 27.03 24 2.37 33.95 25 2.35 33.96 27.13 49 2.03 34.14 50 2.00 34.15 27. 31 73 2.00 34.17 75 2.05 34.18 27. 33 99 3.03 34.32 100_-_- 3.05 34.35 27. 38 147 3.98 34.63 150. ___ 3.95 34.63 27. 52 196 3.39 34.62 200-___ 3.40 34. 62 27.57 295 4.01 34.74 300-_._ 4.00 34.75 27.61 393 3.85 34.89 400____ 3.85 34.90 27.74 Station 7700; 1 May; 47°54.5' N., 46°07' W.; depth 1.047 m.; dynamic height 970.858 0 3.59 34.55 0 3.59 34.55 27.49 29 3.52 34.59 25 3.50 34.59 27.53 54 3.55 34.62 50 3.55 34. 62 27.55 79 3.52 34.60 75 3.50 34.61 27.55 105 3.22 34.66 100.... 3.25 34.66 27.61 155 3.41 34.73 150... . 3.40 34.73 27.65 205 3.45 34.77 200.... 3.45 34.77 27.68 306 3.58 34.80 300.... 3.55 34.80 27.69 406 3.68 34,82 400... . 3.70 34.82 27.70 609 3.71 34.86 600.... 3.70 34.86 27 73 812 3.74 34.88 800.... 3.75 34.88 27.74 1,017... 3.43 34.91 1,000-. 3.45 34.91 27.79 Station •701; 1 May; 48°03.5' N., 46°19' W.; depth 1,219 m.; djTiamic height 970.846 0 3.39 34.47 0 3.39 34.47 27.45 28 3.34 34.56 25 3.35 34.56 27.52 54 3.41 34.56 50 3.40 34.56 27.52 78 3.28 34.56 75 3.30 34.56 27.53 104 2.95 34.61 100.... 2.95 34.61 27.60 15-3 2.94 34. .59 150.... 2.95 34.59 27.59 203 3.14 34.68 200.... 3.15 34.68 27.64 303 3.64 34.82 300... 3.65 34.82 27.70 402 3.60 34 86 400.--. 3.60 34.86 27.74 599 3.67 34.90 600---. 3.65 34.90 27.76 794 3.66 34.90 800.... 3.65 34.90 27.76 988 3.55 (1,000). 3.55 34.90 27.77 Station 7702; 1 May; 48°20.5' N., 45°56' W.; depth 1,165 m.; dynamic height 970.822 0 3.92 34.65 0 3.92 34.65 27.54 30 3.82 34.67 25 3.80 34.67 27.57 56 3.82 34.67 50 3.80 34.67 27.57 82 3.64 34.68 75 3.65 34.68 27.59 108 3.56 34.77 100.... 3.55 34.75 27.66 159 3.53 34.81 150...- 3.55 34.81 27. 70 211 3.46 34.83 200...- 3.45 34.83 27.73 315 3.59 34.86 300...- 3.60 34.86 27.74 418 3.53 34.88 400...- 3.55 34.88 27.76 603 3.57 34.88 600..-. 3.55 34.88 27.76 774 3.46 34.88 800.-.. 3.45 34.88 27.77 931 3.44 34.92 (1,000). 3.45 34.92 27.80 Station 7703; 2 May; 48°39.5' N., 45°28' W.; depth 1,165 m.; dynamic height 970.816 0 3.66 34.63 0 3.66 34.63 27.55 31 3.54 34.62 25 3.55 34.63 27.56 58 3.51 34.62 50 3.50 34.62 27.56 85 3.55 34.67 75 3.55 34.65 27.58 112 3.59 34.81 100..-. 3.60 34.79 27.68 165 3.59 34. 84 150 -- - 3.60 34.84 27.72 219 3.60 34.85 200-.-- 3.60 34.85 27.73 325 3.54 34.86 300-.-. 3.55 34.86 27.74 428 3.52 34.87 400---- 3.50 34 87 27.76 632 3.55 34.88 600-.. . 3.55 34.88 27.76 831 3.46 34.90 800-.-- 3.45 34.90 27.78 1,023... 3.42 34.92 1,000.. 3.40 34.92 27.80 Station 7704; 2 May; 49°00' N., 45°00' W.; depth 1,638 m.; djTiamic height 970.821 0 31 ... 56.... 81.-.. 106.-. 156... 206. . . 305.-- 401... 592..- 789--. 984--. 1, 477. 4.02 34.64 0 4.02 34.64 3.78 34.64 25 3.80 34.64 3.78 34.63 50 3.80 34.64 3.48 34.68 75 3.55 34.68 3.16 34.73 100.... 3.20 34.72 3.69 34.85 150.... 3.70 34.85 3.61 34.85 200.-.- 3.60 34.85 3.61 34.86 300--.. 3.60 34.86 3.69 34.88 400-.-- 3.70 34.88 3.65 34.89 600-.-- 3.65 34.90 3.50 34. 90 800-.-- 3.50 34,90 3.45 34.90 1,000-- 3.45 34.91 3.30 34.93 27.52 27.54 27.54 27.60 27.66 27.72 27.73 27.74 27. 74 27.76 27.78 27.79 Station 7705; 2 May; 49°10' N., 45°41' W.; depth 2, 912 m.; dynamic height 970.850 0--.. 33... 59... 86..- 113.. 165.. 218- . 322-. 423-. 624-. 829.. 1, 034 1,544 5.67 34.72 0 5.67 34.72 5.63 34.75 25 5.65 34.75 5.10 34.72 50 5.25 34.73 4.44 34.72 75 4.70 34.72 3.82 34.74 100.-.. 4.10 34.73 3.66 34.78 150---- 3.70 34.77 3.89 34.84 200---. 3.80 34.82 4.02 34.89 300-.-- 4.00 34.88 3.74 34. 90 400 3.80 34.90 3.69 34.90 600---- 3.70 34.90 3.56 34.88 800--.- 3.60 34.88 3.46 34.89 1,000- 3.50 34 89 3.45 34.91 27.39 27.42 27.45 27.51 27.58 27.66 27.69 27.71 27.75 27.76 27.76 27.77 Station 7706; 2 May; 49°20.5' N., 46°26' W.; depth 3,003 m.; djTiamic height 970.861 0 5.94 34.76 0 5.94 34.76 27.39 31 5.92 34.78 25 5.90 34.78 27.41 66 5.87 34.77 50 5.90 34.77 27.40 81 5.01 34. 74 75 5.15 34.74 27.47 106 4.44 34.75 100--.- 4.55 34.75 27.55 156 3.84 34.75 150.... 3.85 34.75 27.63 206 3.98 34.83 200---- 3.95 34.82 27.67 302 3.97 34.88 300-..- 3.95 34.88 27.72 394 3.68 34.87 400--.. 3.70 34.87 27.74 571 3.82 34.89 600... 3.80 34.89 27.74 765 3.68 34.89 800---. 3.65 34.89 27.76 961 3.57 34.90 1,000.. 3.55 34.90 27.77 1,465... 3.47 34.92 55 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7co Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Tem- Depth, pera- meters ture, ■ C. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 7707; 2 May; 48°58' N., 46°48' W.; depth 2, 776 m.; dynamic height 970.840 0.... 32... 58- -. 84... 110. 160. _ 212.. 313.. 410.. 600.. 799.. 977.. 1,496. 5.01 34.73 0 5.01 34.73 5.01 34.72 25 5.00 34.72 4.75 34.71 50 4.85 34.71 4.55 34.71 75 4.65 34.71 3.74 34.74 100... _ 3.95 34.73 3.80 34.81 150... 3.80 34.81 3.42 34.74 200... 3.50 34.75 3.87 34.89 300.... 3.85 34.87 3.76 34.91 400... 3.75 34.91 3.69 34.91 600.. . 3.70 34.91 3.54 34.90 800. ... 3.55 34.90 3.45 34.88 1,000.. 3.45 34.89 3.40 34.93 27.48 27.48 27.48 27.51 27.60 27.68 27.66 27.72 27.76 27.77 27.77 27.78 Station 7708; 2 May; 48°37' N.. 47°06' W.; depth 2,457 m.; dynamic height 970.825 0 33 59 86 112..-. 164-.-. 217.-.. 320.--. 421--. 618--. 822-... 1,027-. 1,540-. 4.28 34.72 0 4.28 34.72 4.26 34.68 25 4.25 34.69 3.96 34.67 50 4.05 34.67 3.66 34. 75 75 3.75 34.71 3.60 34.81 100 3.60 34.78 3.55 34.85 1.50-.-. 3.55 34.84 3.29 34.82 200.--. 3.35 34.83 3.47 34.84 300.-.- 3.40 34.84 3.69 34.88 400...- 3.65 34.88 3.64 :i 1. s9 tiOll 3. 65 34.89 3.51' ■.Us: ,\()() 3.55 34.88 3. 4t) :<-!. ,s;< I.IIUO-- 3.45 34.89 3.31 34.90 27.56 27.54 27.54 27.60 27.67 27.73 27.74 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.76 27.78 Station 7709; 3 May; 48°15' N., 47°22' W, 1,274 m.; dynamic height 970.867 depth 0 31 56 82 107 156 207 307 407 606 804 1,000..- 1,203--- 2.40 34. 27 0 2.40 34.27 2.60 34.39 25 2.55 34.37 2.88 34.48 50 2.80 34.46 3.24 34.54 75 3.15 34.53 2.89 34. 54 100.--- 3.00 34.55 2.67 34.57 150 --- 2.70 34.56 2.91 34. 68 200... . 2.85 34.67 3.49 34. 80 300---- 3.45 34.79 3.63 34.83 400..-- 3.60 34.83 *3.58 34.84 600.-.. 3.60 34.84 3.62 34.88 800..-. 3.60 34.88 3.68 34.91 1.000.. 3.70 34. 91 3.67 34.90 27.38 27.44 27.49 27. 52 27.55 27.58 27.66 27.70 27.71 27.72 27.75 27.77 Station 7710; 3 May; 47°55.5' N., 47°36' W.; depth 351 m.; dynamic height 970.923 0.. 29- 55- 80- 107 157 208 311 0.00 33.30 0 0.00 33.30 0.58 33.58 25 0. 50 33. 55 0.79 33.77 50 0.75 33.75 1.44 33.99 75 1.35 33.96 1.66 34.19 100-..- 1.60 34.15 2.32 34.49 150-.. . 2.25 34.46 2.62 34.55 200.... 2.60 34.54 3.47 34.80 300-.. 3.35 34.77 26.76 26. 94 27.08 27.21 27.34 27. 54 27.58 27.69 Station 7711; 3 May; 47°48' N., 47°50' W.; depth 298 m.; dynamic height 970.910 0- 31. 57. 82. 108 158 209 256 0.17 33.34 0 0.17 33.34 0.80 33.77 25 0.65 33.72 1.25 34.05 50 1.15 33.99 1..54 34.18 75 1.45 34.15 1.89 34.29 100.... 1.80 34.26 2.32 34.46 150-.-. 2.25 34.44 2.40 34.52 200--.. 2.35 34.51 3.24 34.73 250---- 3.10 34.70 26.78 27.06 27.25 27.35 27.42 27.53 27.57 27.66 Station 7712; 3 May; 47°44.5' N., 48°12' W.; depth 240 m.; dynamic height 970.946 0-- 30- 54- 78- 103 150 199 -0.07 33.40 0 -0.07 33.40 0.49 33.52 25 0.40 33.50 0.64 33.64 50 0.60 33.63 0.50 33.69 75 0.50 33.68 0.72 33. 86 100.--- 0.70 33.85 1.52 34.20 150..-. 1.55 34.20 2.47 34.51 200... 2.50 34.51 26.84 26.90 26.99 27.04 27.16 27.39 27.56 Station 7713; 3 May; 47°42' N., 48°26' W.; depth 217 m.; dj-namic height 971.021 0-- 31. 57- 82- 108 158 -0.42 -1.33 -1.60 -1.42 -1.22 -0.22 32.96 33.11 33.16 33.24 33.33 33.57 0.... 25-- 50-.. 75. -- 100.. 150.. (200) -0.42 -1.20 -1.55 -1.50 -1.30 -0.40 0.80 32.96 33.08 33.15 33.22 33.30 33.54 33.78 26.50 26.63 26.69 26.75 26.81 26.97 27.10 Station 7714; 3 May; 47°39' N., 48°58' W. 166 m.; dynamic height 971.003 depth 0 -0.25 33.00 0 -0.25 33.00 26.53 30 -0.42 33.02 25 -0.40 33.02 26.55 55 -0.56 33.09 50 -0.55 33.07 26.60 80 -1.31 33.26 75 -1.25 33.23 26.75 106 -0.35 33.50 100.-.. -0.55 33.46 26.91 155 1.15 33.99 150---- 1.00 33.94 27.22 Station 7715; 3 Mav; 47°52' N., 48°51' W.; depth 218 m.; dynamic height 971.048 0-- 31- 56- 81- 106 156 206. -0.02 -0.82 -0.94 -1.46 -1.53 -0.29 2.43 32.92 33.00 33.04 33.13 33.17 33.48 33.86 0 25--.. 50..-. 75-... 100.-. 150.-- 200. . . -0.02 32.92 -0.70 32.98 -0.90 33.03 -1.35 33.11 -1.50 33.16 -0.50 33.44 2.15 33.81 26. 45 26.53 26.58 26.66 26.70 26.89 27.03 Station 7716: 3 Alay; 48°05' N., 48°42' W.; depth 319 m.; dynamic height 971.055 0-. 31. 56. 81. 107 156 206 307. -0.01 -0. 70 -1.35 -1.56 -1.55 -0.65 0.74 1.76 32.93 32.95 33.01 33.14 33.19 33.44 33.86 34.29 0 25 50 75 100 150 200.--- 300 -0.01 -0. 60 -1.25 -1.55 -1.55 -0. 80 0.55 1.70 32.93 32.95 33. 00 33.13 33.18 33.41 33.82 34.26 26.46 26. 50 26.56 26.68 26. 72 26.88 27.14 27.42 56 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Silin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, -namic height 971.029 0 30..- 55.— 78—. 103... 151— 200... 301... 403... 614... 816--- 1,020. 1,530. 8.47 0 8.47 33.63 6.13 33. 55 25 6.40 33.55 5.73 50 5.75 33.79 6.61 34.38 75 6.55 34. 341 6.04 34.43 100.... 6.10 34. 42! 5.86 34.60 150.... 5.85 34.59 6.14 34.76 200.... 6.15 34.77 5.38 34. 841 300.... 5.40 34.84 5.53 35.00 400---. 5. 55 35.00 4.86 35.01 600.... 4.90 35.01 4.37 35. 001 800.--- 4.40 35.00 4.12 34.99 1,000-- 4.15 34.99 3.69 34.97 26.15 26. 38 26.65 26.98 27.10 27.27 27.37 27. 52 27.63 27. 72 27.76 59 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth. pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, °C. "loo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7co Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oc Station 7746; 27 May; 41°34.5' N., 50°26' W.; depth 4,095 m.; dynamic height 971.145 0.-._ 29.. _ 51... 75... 97... 144. _ 190__ 287-- 389.- 600- . 800- - 1,000 1,500 11.31 34.61 0 11.31 34.61 11.28 34.59 25 11.30 34. 60 11. 59 34.80 50 11.60 34.78 11.04 34.90 75 11.05 34.90 11.15 35. 22 100.--. 11. 15 35.23 11.17 35. 27 150---- 11.10 35. 26 9.92 35.09 200---- 9.70 35. 06 7.53 34.92 300---- 7.35 34.91 6.10 34.87 400--.- 6. 05 34.87 5.42 35. 01 600--.- 5.40 35.01 4.68 34.99 800.--- 4.70 34.99 4.10 34.96 1,000.. 4.10 34.96 3.87 34.98 26.44 26.43 26.51 26.71 26.91 26.98 27.07 27.32 27.46 27.66 27.72 27. 76 Station 7747; 27 May; 41°00.5' N., 50°16' W. 3,822 m.; dynamic height 971.245 depth 0 28 50 72 95 140-.. . 194.--- 283.... 389-... 618 825.--- 1,035.. 1,562-- 15.39 35.57 0 15.39 35.57 16.33 36.06 25 16.30 36.01 15. 19 35. 97 60 15. 20 35.97 14. 36 35. 84 75 14.25 35.83 13. 58 35. 72 100---- 13.50 35. 70 12.72 35.53 150-.. . 12.60 35. 50 11.95 35. 40 200--.. 11.90 35.40 11.54 35. 39 300---- 11.20 35. 35 8. 72 35. 04 400---- 8.55 35. 04 6.06 35.03 600-.. . 6.20 35.03 4.17 34.89 800-.-. 4.30 34.90 3.97 34.89 1,000-- 4.00 34.89 3.95 34.92 26.34 26.50 26.69 26.79 26. 85 26. 88 26. 94 27.03 27.24 27.57 27.70 27.72 Station 7748; 27 May; 41°54.5' N., 49°22' W.; depth 3,475 m.j dynamic height 971.018 0 30.... 56.... 80--.- 106... 155... 205--- 307.-- 408... 515.-- 818--. 1.021. 1, 526. 10. 25 5.45 6.97 5.87 4.65 5.39 5.76 5.42 4.92 4. 46 4. OS 4. 09 3.67 33.44 33. 52 34. 15 34. 36 34.24 34.58 34.74 34. 90 34. 93 .11, !«; :Tiamic height 971.393 0 16.70 36.19 0 16.70 36.19 26. 52 31 16.52 36.25 25 16.60 36.25 26.58 57 15.49 36.11 50 15.65 36.13 26.71 82 15.29 36.10 75 15.35 36.11 26.77 108 14.80 36.03 100.... 14.95 36.05 26.81 158 14.59 35.97 150-.-. 14.60 35. 98 26.83 209 14.37 35.93 200..-. 14.40 35.94 26.84 310 13.34 35.74 300.. _. 13. 45 35.76 26.91 410 12.23 35.59 400--- 12.35 35. 61 27.01 608 8.51 35.15 600---- 8.70 35. 16 27.31 807 5.92 35. 02 800.--. 5.95 35.02 27.60 1,006... 5.41 34.99 1,000.. 5.45 34.99 27.64 1,501... 3.90 34.93 61 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, 7co Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, °C. Salin- ity, 7.C Scaled values Station 7762; 30 Mav; 43°33.5' N., 45°53' \V. 4,572 m.; dynamic height 971.039 0 30_... 54 79 103.-. 151... 200..- 299... 397... 597... 792.-- 987.-- 1,471. 9.20 33.52 0 9.20 33.52 6.08 33.87 25 6.55 33.81 5,22 33.91 50 5.30 33.91 6.75 34.37 75 6.50 34.32 6.97 34.58 100--.- 6.95 34.57 4.10 34.27 150.--. 4.10 34.27 4.61 34.47 200---- 4.60 34.47 5.32 34.80 300 5.30 34.80 5.22 34.89 400--.. 5.20 34.89 4.37 34.93 600.--- 4.35 34.93 3.86 34.88 800...- 3.85 34.88 3.76 34.90 1,000.. 3.75 34.90 3.65 34.95 lepth 25. 95 26.56 26.80 26.97 27.11 27.22 27.32 27. 50 27. 58 27.72 27.73 27. 76 Station 7763; 30 May; 43°48' N., 46°27' W.; depth 4,079 m.: dynamic height 970.981 0-- 8.26 33.68 0 8.26 33.68 26.22 32 4.07 33.77 25 4.60 33.76 26. 76 58 3.36 33.80 50 3.55 33. 79 26. 89 84 2.50 33.97 75 2.70 33.90 27. 06 110 2.49 34.09 100.-.- 2. 50 34. 05 27.19 161 2.47 34.18 150-.-. 2. 50 34. 16 27.28 213 3.28 34.43 200.... 2.30 34.37 27.47 317 3.95 34.68 300.... 2.80 34.64 27.64 420 4.07 34.79 400---- 3.85 34.78 27. 65 628 4.45 34.96 600 4.45 34. 95 27.72 836 4.10 34.92 800.-.. 4.16 34.93 27.74 1.043... 3.86 34.94 1,000.. 3.90 34. 94 27.77 1,562... 3.53 34.91 Station 7764; 30 May; 44°00' N., 46°56' W.; depth 4,207 m.; dynamic height 971.217 0 32 59 85 111 163 215 320 423 630 837 1,045..- 1,562... 14.05 35.58 0 14.05 35.58 13.37 35. 63 25 13. 45 35. 62 13.61 35.74 50 13.55 35. 72 13.60 35. 75 75 13. 60 35. 75 13.58 35. 74 100.--- 13. 60 35. 75 13.27 35. 68 150.... 13. 35 35. 70 12.10 35. 45 200.-.- 12. 45 35. 52 9.32 35.09 300..-- 9.75 35. 13 7.84 35.03 400-.. . 8.20 35. 05 5.22 34.94 600 5.50 34. 95 4.52 800.... 4.60 34.93 4.22 34.92 1,000.. 4.30 34.93 3.60 34.91 26. 64 26.80 26. 86 26.87 26.87 26.88 27. 92 27. 12 27. 30 27.60 27. 69 27.72 Station 7765; 30 Mav; 44°04' X., 47°38' \V.; dej)th 4,024 m.; dynamic height 971.218 0 32... 58... 84... 111.. 162- - 214.. 314.. 411.. .596.. 793.. 990.. 1,483 14. 25 35.78 0 14.25 35. 78 13.88 35. 81 25 13. 90 35. 81 13. 92 35. 83 50 13.90 35. 83 13.74 35. 81 75 13. SO 35. .S2 13. 64 35. 79 100-... 13. 70 35. 80 13.57 35. 77 150.... 13. 55 35. 78 13.50 35. 75 200.... 13.50 35. 76 11.27 35. 44 300.... 11.70 35.49 8. 50 35. 08 400---. 8.85 35. 12 5.31 34.88 600 5.30 34.88 4.84 35.01 800--.. 4.80 35. 01 4.27 34. 95 1,000 4.25 34. 95 3.62 34. 89 26. 75 26. 85 26. 87 2(). 88 26. 89 2f). 90 26. 90 27.04 27. 26 27. 56 27.73 27.74 Station 7766; 31 Mav; 44°08' N., 48°19' W. depth 3,329 m.; dynamic height 970.980 0--.- 32... 59... 85... 111.. 163 -. 216.. 320. . 424-. 628-. 824 - 1,017 1,473 8.52 33.58 0 8.52 33.58 5.36 33.83 25 5.85 33.78 4.82 34.13 50 4.90 34.03 5. 64 34. 43 75 5.25 34.32 6.31 34.61 100-.-. 6.10 34. 54 6.37 34.79 150.--. 6.35 34.77 5.39 34.78 200...- 5.60 34.79 5.30 34.93 300.... 5.30 34.90 4.96 34. 98 400.... 5.05 34.97 4.13 34.94 600.... 4.20 34.94 3.86 34.91 800.... 3.90 34.91 3.67 34.92 1,000-- 3.70 34.92 3.56 34.91 26.10 26.63 26.94 27.13 27.20 27.35 27.46 27.58 27.67 27.74 27.75 27.78 Station 7767; 31 May; 44°12.5' N., 48°45' W.; depth 1,646 m.; dynamic height 970.940 0-... 21... 39... 56... 73 -. 107- . 142- . 217-. 295-. 462.. 609- . 752.. 1,100 3.36 33.15 0 3.36 33.15 2. 96 33.58 25 3.00 33.59 3.23 33.60 50 2.80 33.68 2.55 33.72 75 2.40 34.05 2.39 34.03 100---- 3.10 34.20 3.26 34.24 150-..- 3.60 34. 52 3.64 34. 49 200.... 3.30 34.58 3.23 34. 60 300.... 3.55 34.78 3.55 34.78 400... 3.70 34.83 3.75 34.84 600... 3,75 34.88 3.74 34.88 800...- 3.70 34.89 3.72 34.89 1,000 3.55 34.88 3. 50 34.87 26.40 26.78 26. 87 27.20 27.26 27.47 27.64 27.68 27.70 27.74 27. 75 27.76 Station 7768; 31 May; 44'='13.5' X., 48 °51' W.; depth 640 m.; dynamic height 971.114 0.. 23. 47.. 70.. 94- 141 188 282 376 564 2.97 32.93 0 - 2.97 32.93 1.69 33.00 25 1.45 33.01 -0.72 33.27 50 -0.70 33.27 -0. 69 75 -0.70 33.29 -0.59 33.30 100.... -0.55 33.31 0. 05 33. 39 150.... 0.30 33.43 1.54 33. 65 200.... 1.70 33.74 2.44 34. 26 300... 2.55 34.30 2.86 34.43 (400).. 2.95 34.46 3.49 34.71 (600).. 3.60 34.76 26.26 26.44 26.76 26.78 26. 79 26. 85 27.01 27.39 27.48 27.66 Station 7769; 31 May; 44°13.5' X., 48°57' W.; depth 183 m.; dynamic height 971.083 0 2.97 32. 90 0 2.97 32. 90 26.24 26. -0. 63 33. 16 25 -0.60 33.15 26. 66 53. -0.74 33.21 50 -0. 75 33.21 26. 72 79 -0. 61 33.31 75 -0.65 33.29 26.78 106 -0. 36 33.47 100.... -0.45 33.43 26.93 1.58 0.64 33. 75 150.... 0.45 33.71 27.06 Station 7770; 31 May; 44°14' N.. 49°06' W.; depth 64 m.; dynamic height 971.081 0 2.76 32. 95 0 - 2.76 32.95 25 0.06 33.14 25 0.06 33.14 50 -0.21 33.11 50 -0.21 33.11 26. 29 26.63 26.61 62 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 -Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, o/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. S alin- ity, o/oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, o/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, o/oo Station 7771; 31 May; 44°14' X., 49°23' W.; depth 52 ni.; djniamic lieight 971.092 3.7,5 32.91 3.04 32.88 0.67 33.03 0 3.75 25 2.65 50 0.35 32.91 32. .89 33.09 26.17 26.26 26.57 Station 7772; 31 May; 44°57.5' X., 49°25' W.; depth 73 m.; dynamic height 971.093 0 3.05 32.83 0 3.05 32.83 26.18 32 1, 66 32.87' 25 2.05 32.86 26.28 57 0.06 33.07, 50 0.50 33.00 26.49 Station 7773; 31 May; 44°56' X., 49°13' W.; depth 88 m.; dynamic height 971.080 0- 31 57 83 2.88 32.82 0.50 33.02 0.17 33.24 0.14 33.34 0_ 25 50 75. 2.88 0.95 -0. 10 -0. 15 32.82 32.98 33.20 33.32 26.18 26.45 26.68 26.78 Station 7774; 31 May; 44°55' X., 49°04' W.; depth 622 m.; dynamic height 971.037 0.__ 31.. 58.- 83 - 109. 160. 211. 313. 413. 612. 3.10 32.88 0 0.09 33. 09 25 -0.45 33.38 50 -0.12 33.43 (0.. . 0.02 33.49 100 ... 0.28 33.69 150.... 1.50 34.04 200.... 3.07 34. 68 300.... 3.53 34.79 400... 3.72 34.85 600.... 3.10 0.70 -0.40 -0.20 -0.05 0.20 1.20 2.95 3.50 3.70 32.88 33,05 33.33 33.42 33.47 33. 63 33.95 34.62 34.78 34.85 26.21 26.47 26.80 26.86 26.80 27.01 27. 21 27.61 27.68 27.72 Station 7775; 31 May; 44°53' X., 48°51' W.; depth 1,829 m.; dynamic height 970.932 0 32... 58... 84... 110.. 161.. 213.. 315.. 414.. 609.. 813.. 1,019 1,541 3.44 33.09 0 3.44 33.09 2.41 33.50 25 2.50 33.39 2.66 34.12 50 2.60 34.00 2.20 34.18 75 2.30 34.16 2.84 34.27 100.-.. 2.55 34.23 2.78 34. 52 1.50.... 2.80 34.48 3.07 34.61 200.... 3.00 34.58 3.73 34.81 300.... 3.70 34.79 3.75 34.84 400.... 3.75 34.84 3.76 34.88 600.... 3.75 34.88 3.73 800.... 3. 10 34.88 3.70 34.88 1,000 _ 3.70 34.88 3.44 34.91 26.35 26.67 27.14 27.30 27.33 27.51 27.57 27. 67 27.71 27.74 27.74 27.74 Station 7776; 31 May; 44°51' X., 48°37' W. depth 2,926 m., dynamic height 970.920 0.... 32... 58... 84.-. 109.. 160.. 212.. 305.. 388.. 534.. 697.. 852.. 1,214 4.06 33.25 0 4.06 33.25 1.76 33.90 25 1.90 33.75 3.28 34.18 50 2.60 34.09 4.36 34.48 75 4.05 34.39 4.45 34.59 100.... 4.45 34.56 4.02 34. 66 150.... 4.05 34.64 4.35 34.78 200.... 4.30 34.76 4.38 34.86 300.. 4.40 34.86 4.32 34. 90 400_... 4.30 34.90 4.04 34. 88 600.... 4.00 34.89 3.90 34.90 800.... 3.75 34.90 3.70 34.10 1,000-- 3.65 34.90 3.54 34.90 26.41 27.00 27.22 27.32 27.41 27.52 Station 7777; 1 .Time; 44°41' X., 47°57' W.; depth 3,566 m.; d>-namie height 971.003 0.... 33.- 59.-. 86.-. 112-. 164.. 217.- 321- 423- 625- 832.. 1,037 1,551 8.49 33.67 0 8.49 33.67 5.82 33.93 25 6.60 33.89 3.57 33.90 50 4.15 33.91 5.65 34.33 75 4.95 34.16 5.58 34.43 100-... 5.60 34.38 5.86 34.64 150...- 5.80 34.58 5. 92 34.79 200--.- 5.90 34.75 5.50 34.90 300---. 5.60 34.89 4.84 34.93 400---. 4.95 34.93 4.44 34.96 600..-- 4.50 34.96 4.05 34.94 800---- 4.10 34.95 3.65 34.91 1,000.- 3.70 34.92 3.49 34.91 26.18 26.62 26.93 27.04 27.13 27. 27 27.39 27.54 27.65 27.72 27.76 27.78 Station 7778; 1 .Tune; 44°33' X., 47°r2' VV.; depth 3,932 m.; dynamic height 971.087 0..- 32.- 58— 84-.- 110.. 161.- 213.- 318.. 422. - 632.- 839.- 1,045 1,557 10. 82 34.43 0 10.82 34.43 9.65 34.69 25 9.80 34.63 10.13 34.96 50 9.95 34.88 10. 54 35.09 75 10.45 35.07 10. 29 35.07 100.--- 10.35 35.08 9.94 35.14 150.... 10.05 35.13 7,81 34.84 200.... 8.10 34.89 7.63 35.10 300...- 7.70 35.07 5.56 34.92 400.--- .5.75 34.95 4.81 34.99 600.-.- 4.90 34.99 4.17 34.92 800.... 4.30 34.93 3.85 34.93 1,000.. 3.90 34.93 3.62 34.93 26.38 26.72 26.89 26.95 26.97 27.06 27.19 27. 39 27.57 27.70 27.72 27.76 Station 7779; 1 June; 44°23.5' X., 46°23' W.; deptli 4,079 m.; djTiamic height 971.023 0 31-- 57--.- 82--- 108... 158-. 209... 312.-- 414.-- 620... 824.-- 1,030. 1,541-.. 9.22 33.71 0 9.22 33.71 7.08 33.90 25 7.20 33.84 7.80 34.52 50 7.70 34.44 7.12 34.52 75 7.30 34.52 6.46 34.51 100...- 6.55 34.51 7.34 34,80 150-..- 7.30 34.79 6.65 34.82 200.... 6.80 34.82 5.50 34.85 300.-.. 5.60 34.85 4.44 34.82 400...- 4.55 34.83 4.09 34.90 600-..- 4.10 34.89 4.07 34.95 800...- 4.05 34. 95 3.78 34.95 1,000-- 3.80 34.95 3.53 34.92 26.10 26.50 26.90 27.02 27. 12 27.23 27.33 27. 51 27.61 27.71 27.76 27.79 Station 7780; 1 June; 44°15' X., 45°40' W.; depth 4,445 m.; dynamic heiglit 970.991 0 31 57 82 108 1.58 209 313 416 626 832 1,038--- 1,553--- 10. 82 34.36 0 10.82 34.36 7.74 34.45 25 7.95 34.43 7.24 34.51 50 7.35 34. 50 6.82 34.59 75 6.90 34.57 6.67 34.62 100.-- 6.70 34.61 6.50 34.77 150..-. 6.55 34.76 5.88 34. 76 200.-. 5.95 34.76 5.72 34. 96, 300 5.75 34.95 5.32 34. 99' 400... 5.35 34.99 4.68 34.99 600 4.75 34.99 4.10 34.94 800.... 4.20 34.95 3.94 34.94 1,000-. 3.95 34.94 3.63 34.92 26.33 26.86 27.00 27. 12 27.17 27. 31 27.39 27.57 27.65 27.72 27.75 27.77 63 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- itv, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity. °/oc Oliserved values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture. ° C. Salin- ity, Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, 7oo Station 7781; 1 June; 44°05' N., 44°48' W.; depth 4,fi63 m.; dynamic height 971.027 0 32.... 85.-- 111-- 163-.. 215.. . 318..- 420.-- 620.-- 827... 1,033. 1,553- 9.71 33.96 0 9.71 33.96 7.09 34.05 25 7.35 34.02 6.62 34.29 50 6.80 34.26 4.86 34.24 75 5.50 34.26 5.10 34.33 100.--- 4.95 34. 28 7.75 34.93 150--.- 7.25 34.84 6.26 34.75 200---- 6.65 34.78 5.53 34.87 300--.- 5.70 34.85 4.80 34.93 400.-.- 4.90 34.93 4.75 34.95 600-.- 4.75 34.95 4.12 34.94 800.--- 4.20 34.94 3.85 34.91 1,000.- 3.90 34.92 3.58 34.92 26.21 26.62 26.88 27.05 27.13 27.28 27.31 27.49 27. 65 27. 69 27.74 27.76 Station 7782: 2 June; 44°49' N., 45°04' W.; depth 4,572 m.; dynamic height 971.053 0 9.17 33.96 0 9.17 33.96 26.30 31 9.41 33.95 25 9.40 33.95 26. 25 57 5.71 34. 12 50 6.25 34.06 26.80 82 7.34 34.51 75 7.00 34.47 27.02 107 5.84 34.36 100.-. 6.25 34.40 27.07 157 6.21 34.56 150.-.- 6.20 34.54 27.17 208..-., 6.18 34. 66 200-.-- 6.20 34.64 27.26 309 6.50 34.98 300... 6.50 34.97 27.48 409 5.74 34.99 400,..- 5.80 34.99 27.59 610 4.78 34 99 600.-.- 4.80 34.99 27.71 815 4.34 34.97 800--.. 4.35 34.98 27.75 1,021--- 4. 02 34.95 1,000.. 4.05 34.96 27.77 1,546... 3.62 34.94 Station 7783; 2 June; 45°22.5' N., 45°21' W.; depth 4,207 m.; dynamic height 971.015 0 32 59 85 111 162 215 319 421 623 828 1,032... 1,539... 10.84 34. 50 0 10. 84 34. 50 10. 05 34.90 25 10. 25 34.89 8.77 34.72 50 9.15 34.77 8.05 34. 72 75 8.25 34.72 8.00 34. 80 100.--- 8.05 34.77 7.03 34. 76 150-.-- 7.20 34.77 6.47 34.83 200--.- 6.60 34.81 5.77 34.93 300.-. 5.90 34.92 5.10 34.92 400---. 5.25 34.93 3.92 34.88 600.... 4.00 34.89 3.83 34.88 800.-- 3.85 34.88 3.61 34.91 1,000-. 3.65 34.90 3.54 34.91 26. 43 26.84 26.93 27. 04 27.11 27.23 27.34 27.52 27.61 27. 72 27. 73 27. 76 Station 7784; 2 June; 45°25' N., 46°03' W.; deptli 3,658 m.; djaiamic height 970.947 0 30 55 80 105.... 153..- 203..-. 305..- 407 619 824 1.029.. 1,543.. 6.96 33.81 0 6.96 33.81 6.18 34.13 25 6.35 34.10 4.47 34. 08 50 4.55 34.09 4.27 34. 25 75 4.35 34.22 3.37 34.29 100.-- 3.45 34.29 3.55 34.49 150--. 3.55 34.48 3.80 34.65 200.--- 3.80 34. 65 3.81 34. 76 300 3. 80 34. 76 3.78 34.82 400.-- 3.80 34. 82 3.87 34.87 600..-- 3.85 34.87 3.66 34.88 800 3.70 34.88 3.53 34.88 1,000.. 3.55 34.88 3.47 34.90 26. 51 26.82 27.03 27.15 27.30 27.44 27.55 27. 64 27.69 27.72 27. 74 27.76 Station 7785; 2 June; 45°26' N., 46°49' W.; depth 2,834 m.; dynamic height 970.982 0.-.. 33-.- 59--- 86--. 113-- 165- - 218.. 323.. 425.- 628.. 834-. 1, 0:}9 1,546 8.26 33.94 0 8.26 33. 94 8.66 34.66 25 8.60 34.64 7.53 34.60 50 7.80 34.61 8.36 34.87 75 8.05 34.77 8.04 34.89 100--.. 8.25 34.89 5.93 34.69 150.--. 6.30 34.73 6.51 34. 90 200---- 6.35 34.84 5.36 34. 92 300--. 5.55 34.91 4.94 34. 95 400.--- 5.05 34. 95 4.29 34.97 600.... 4.35 34.97 4.02 34. 92 800--.. 4.05 34.93 3.86 34.91 1,000-- 3.90 34.92 3.53 34.92 26.42 26.92 27. 02 22.11 27.17 27.32 27.40 27.56 27. 65 27.75 27.75 27.76 Station 7786; 2 June; 45°28.5' N., 47°13' W.; depth 2,671 m.; dynamic height 970.976 0 32--- 58.-- 84--- 109- . 160.. 212- . 314-- 415-. 614.. 816.. 1,019 1,528 8.40 33. 71 0 8.40 33.71 7.20 34. 13 25 7.55 34.08 3.94 33.95 50 4.70 34.00 4.75 34.26 75 4.50 34.13 4.83 34.39 100--.. 4.80 34. 35 4.80 34.60 150-.. . 4.80 34.57 4.87 34.77 200.--. 4.85 34.75 3.93 34. 75 300---- 4.10 34.75 3.75 34.83 400---- 3.75 34.82 4.00 34. 88 600---- 4.00 34.87 3.92 34.90 800---- 3.90 34.90 3.65 34.91 1, 000- - 3.65 34.91 3.51 34.89 26. 22 26.64 26.94 27.06 27.21 27.38 27. 52 27.60 27.69 27.70 27.74 27.77 Station 7787; 2 June; 45°40.5' .V., 47°42' \\ .: depth 1,536 m.; dynamic height 970.921 0-.-- 32.-- 57--. 83.-- 108- . 160- - 211,. 311-- 411-. 606- . 807.- 1,007 1,506 5.17 33. 54 0 . --. 5.17 33.54 3.61 33. 87 25- ... 3.85 33.81 3.58 34.06 50. --. 3.60 34.01 3.56 34.39 75- ... 3.55 34.30 3.98 34.52 100 .-_ 3.85 34.48 4.25 34. 73 150 ... 4. 20 34. 69 4.75 34. 85 200 --- 4.70 34.84 3.61 34.80 300 --- 3.70 34.80 3.71 34.84 400 -.- 3.70 34. 84 3.69 34.85 600 ... ;i. 70 34.85 3.65 34.88 800 ... 3.65 34.88 3.54 34.88 l.Ofi 0.- 3.55 34.88 3.50 34.87 26. 52 26.88 27.06 27. 30 27.41 27.54 27.60 27.68 27.71 27.72 27.75 27.76 Station 7788; 2 June; 45°46' N., 47°56' W.; depth 622 m.; dynamic height 970.944 0... 31-- 55.. 80.- 105. 154. 204- 304. 404. 604. 3.10 32.92 0 3.10 32. 92 4.63 33.71 25 4.50 33.68 0.84 ;i3. 65 50 0.90 33. 66 4.26 34.16 75 4.15 34. 13 3.30 34.18 100---- 3.45 34. 18 2.92 34.42 150...- 2.90 34.39 3.08 34. 58 200---- 3.10 34. 58 3.16 34.68 300--.. 3. 15 34.68 3.42 34.77 400-.-- 3.40 34.77 *3. 54 34.79 600--.- 3.55 34.79 26. 24 26.71 27.00 27. 10 27.21 27. 43 27.56 27.64 27.61 27.69 64 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961— Continued Obser ved values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- SaUn- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity. at meters ture, ° C. "loo meters ture. "loo Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture. °C. Salin- ity, °loo Tern- Depth, pera- metcrs ture, °C. Salin- ity, °/oo .station 7789; 2 June; 45°51' X., 48°10' W.; depth 169 m.; dynamic height 971.027 0 3.09 32.95 0 3.09 32.95 26.27 25 -0.83 .33. Oil 25 -0.83 33.01 26.56 50. -0.95 33.211 50 -0.95 33.21 26.72 74 -0.40 33.44' 75 -0.35 33. 45 26.89 99 0.32 33.69 100-- 0.35 3.3. 71 27.07 149 0.79 33.87 150 0.80 33.88 27.18 7790: 3 Jime; 45°54' N., 48°16' W.; depth 117 m.; d>-namic height 971.029 0 26 52 78 104 3.26 32.93 0 3.26 32.93 0.49 33.09 25 0.70 33.09 -0.20 33.36 50 -0.20 3.3.33 0.15 33.54 75 0.10 33.53 0.22 33.62 100.... 0.20 33.61 26.23 26.57 26.79 26.94 27.00 Station 7791; 3 June; 46°02' N'., 48°31' W, 93 m.; dynamic height 971.052 depth 0- 28 55 83 3.13 1.64 1.32 -0.38 32.72 32.81 33.15 33. 39 0 I 3.13 25 j 1.80 50 ; 1.40 75 ' 0.15 32. 72 26. 08 32. 79 26. 24 33.09! 26.51 33. .35 1 26.79 792; 3 June; 46°10' X., 48°46' \V.; depth 82 m.; dynamic height 971.054 0 3.18 22 i 2.74 45 I 0.51 67 -0.84 II 32.76: 0 32.76! 25 32.9411 50 33. 19 (75)..-. 3. 18 32. 76' 26. 11 2. 55 32. 77: 26. 17 0.05; 3.3. OOJ 26.51 -0.90 33.25 26.75 Station 793; 3 June; 46°17' X., 49°00' W. 66 m.; djTiamic height 971.060 depth 0. 32 60 3.34 1.46 0.24 32.78 32.83 32.89 0- 25 50 3.34 32.78 1.80 32.82 0.60 32.87 26.11 26.26 26.38 Station 7794; 3 June; 46°14' X., 48°32' W.; depth 89 m.; dynamic height 971.056 0- 30 54 78, 3. 10 .32.69' 2.86 .32.81 0.70 33.09 3. 10[ .32. 69 2.95| 32.77 1.05i 33.03 75 1-0.25 33.43 26.06 26.14 26. 48 26.87 Station 7795; 3 June; 46°10.5' X'., 48°03' W.; depth 119 m.; d>Tiamic height 971.040 0.- 25. 50. 75, 100 3.08 32.88 0.31 33. 03 0.50 33. 23 0.87 33. 33 0.21 33. 49 0 .3.08 32.88 25 0.31 3.3.03 50 1-0.50 .33.23 75 1-0.871 33.33 100 1-0. 211 33.49 26.21 26.52 26.72 26.82 26.92 Station 7796; 3 June; 46°08..5' X., 47°48' W.; deijtii 169 m.; dynamic height 971.041 0 2.78 32.91 0 2.78 32.91 26.26 26 0.37 32.99 25 0.50 32.99 26.48 51 -0.78 33.21 50 -0.75 33.20 26.71 77 -0.72 33.32 75 -0.75 33.32 26.80 103 -0.21 33.48 100-..- -0.30 33.46 26.90 154 0.86 3.3.88 150..-- 0.80 33.86 27.16 Station 7797; 3 June; 46°06' X., 47°27' W.; depth 659 m.; dynamic height 971.010 0-. 31. 56. 81. 107 157 207 307 406 603 2.88 32.88 0 2.53 32.94 25 0.12 .33. 34 50 0.04 33. 52 75 0.89 33.81 100---- 1.52 34.08 150---. 3.13 34.44 200--.. 3.12 34.60 300-..- 3.37 34.74 400-..- 3.67 34.84 600---. 2.88 2.65 0.45 0.05 0.65 1.40 3.05 3.10 3.35 3.65 32.88 32.92 33. 2 33.48 33.73 34.03 34.41 34.59 34.73 34.84 26.23 26.28 26.71 26.90 27.07 27.26 27.43 27.57 27.66 27.77 Station 7798; 3 June; 46°05.5' X., 47°12' W.; depth 1646 m.; dynamic height 970.968 109--. 160... 211.... 314.-- 417--- 622.-- 827---. 1,032-. 1,546.. 2.59 32.88 0 2.59 32.88 -0.31 33.19 25 0.35 33.14 -0.86 33.32 50 -0.80 33.27 0.25 33.64 75 -0.15 33.53 1.26 33.94 100---- 1.00 33.86 2.17 34.27 150--.. 2.00 34.21' 2.69 34. 52| 200---- 2.60 34.49, 2.98 34. 66: 300 2.95 34.65 3.58 34. 82' 400-.. . 3.55 34.81 3.68 34.86 600.... 3.65 34.86 3.65 34.88 800.--- 3.65 34.88 3.61 34.87 1,000-- 3.60 34.87 3.52 34.89 26.25 26.61 26.77 26.95 27.15 27.36 27.54 27.63 27.70 27.73 27.75 27.75 Station 7799; 3 June; 46°03.5' X., 46°39' W.; depth 640 m.; dynamic height 970.945 0-- 29- 54- 78- 103 1.50 199 296 392 585. 2.57 32.77 0 2.57 32.77 0.88 33.54 25 0.90 33.43 3.44 34.08 50 2.95 33.99 4.13 34.31 75 4.05 34.29 4.56 34,47 100.--- 4.55 34.46 3.97 34.56 150---- 3.95 34.56 3.81 34.64 200---. 3.80 34.64 4.76 34.89 300---- 4.75 34. 90 4.68 34.92 400---. 4.65 34.92 4.01 34.92 (600).. 3.95 34.92 26.17 26.81 27.11 27.24 27.32 27.46 27.54 27.65 27. 67 27.75 Station 7800; 3 June; 46°01' N., 45°56' W. 2,286 m.; dynamic height 970.928 depth 0 32 57 82 107 159 210 309 407 597 799 1,002-.. 1,517.-- 4.17 33.38 0 4.17 33.38 4.07 33.68 25 4.10 33. 59 3.88 34.23 50 3.95 34.10 3.61 34.29 75 3.70 34.28 3.04 34.35 100--- 3.10 34.33 3.82 34.66 150---- 3.65 34. 62 5.16 34.87 200- — 5.05 34.86 3.91 34.83 300.-- 3.95 34.84 3.84 400.-. 3.85 34.84 3.69 34.87 600-.-- 3.70 34.87 3.53 34.86 1 800--- 3.55 34. 86 3.49 34.85 1 1,000-- 3. .50 34. 85 3.47 34.90 i 26.50 26. 68 27.10 27.27 27.36 27.54 27.58 27.69 27.70 27.74 27.74 27.74 65 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961— Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo station 7801; 3 June; 45°57.5' N., 45°09' \V, 3,255 m.; dynamic height 970.917 .pth 0 33--.. 59.... 81-... 111... 165... 218... 320... 420--- (UO... 820... 1,036. 1,592. 5.96 33. 82 0 5.96 33.82 4.31 34.00 25 4,65 33.98 3.72 34.14 50 3.75 34.08 4.15 34.39 75 3.95 34.31 5.72 34.73 100.--- 5.40 34.64 3.99 34.66 150.--- 4.25 34.68 4.25 34.79 200-.. . 4.15 34.74 4.62 34.91 300..-. 4.55 34.89 4.70 400---- 4.70 34.97 3.83 34.90 600---. 3.85 34.91 3.62 34.87 800---- 3.65 34.88 3.50 34.89 1,000-- 3.50 34.89 3.40 34.88 26.65 26. 93 27. 10 27. 27 27. 36 27.53 27. 59 27. 66 27.71 27. 75 27.75 27.77 Station 7802; 4 June; 46°01' N., 44°43' W.; depth 3,841 m.; dynamic height 970.888 0 34-... 60.... 88...- 115... 170... 224... 329... 432... 630... 839... 1,050. 1,576. 7.31 34.46 0 7.31 34.46 7.24 34. 51 25 7.30 34.49 5.51 34.69 50 6.05 34. 62 5.05 34.76 75 5.25 34.73 4.44 34.75 100.--- 4.70 34.76 4.19 34.78 150--.. 4.25 34.77 4.13 34.85 200 4.15 34.83 3.91 34. 85 :i00---- 4.00 34.85 3.75 34. 83 400 3.80 34.85 3.69 34.86 600 3.70 34. 86 3.66 800---- 3.65 34.88 3.64 34.91 1,000.. 3.65 34.91 3.41 34.89 26.97 27. 00 27. 27 27. 45 27.54 27.60 27. 66 27. 69 27.71 27. 73 27.75 27.77 Station 7803; 4 June; 46°19.5' N., 44°47' W.; depth 3,017 m.; dynamic height 970.885 0 7.26 34.42 0 7.26 34.42 26.95 32 6.92 34.52 25 7.05 34.49 27.03 59 5.56 34.67 50 6.05 34.62 27. 27 85 4.88 34.71 75 5.05 34.72 27.47 112 4.90 34.77 100...- 4.90 34. 76 27.52 163 4.69 34. 82 150-.- 4.75 34.81 27.58 216 4.16 34.85 200--.. 4.30 34.84 27. 65 320 4.12 34.87 300---- 4.15 34. 86 27. 68 422 3.96 34.89 400---- 4.00 34.89 27. 72 626 3.74 34.88 600---- 3.75 34.89 27.75 831 3.59 34.88 800---. 3. 60 34.88 27.75 1,035. . . 3.48 34.90 1,000-. 3.50 34.90 27.78 1,544... 3.43 34.91 Station 7804; 4 June; 46°28.5' N., 44°50' W.; depth 595 m.; dynamic height 970.873 0 6.29 33.88 0 6.29 33.88 26. 65 30 - 5.79 34.67 25 5.90 34. 61 27.28 55 4.82 34.62 50 5.00 34. 63 27.40 79 4.37 34.65 75 4.45 34.64 27.47 104 3.97 34.68 100.-.. 4.00 34. 68 27.55 153 3.29 34. 66 150.--- 3.30 34.66 27. 61 202 3. 60 34.79 200---- 3.65 34.79 27.68 300 3.83 34,82 300---- 3.85 34.82 27. 68 398 3.80 34.86 400--.- 3.80 34.86 27. 72 594 3.66 34.87 600---. 3.65 34.87 27.74 Station 7805; 4 June; 46°35' N., 44''51' W.; deptil 222 m.; djniamic height 970.908 0.. 26. 51. 77. 103 154 206 5.76 5.78 4.82 4.43 3.28 3.13 3.42 33.75 33.80 34. 50 34.54 34. 50 34.58 34.69 0 5.76 25 5.80 50 4.85 75 4.45 100.-.. 3.35 150..-- 3.15 200..-- 3.40 33.75 33.79 34. 42 34.54 34,50 34.58 34.68 26. 62 26.64 27.26 27.40 27.48 27.56 27.61 Station 7806; 4 June; 46°41' N., 44°52' W.; depth 172 m.; dynamic height 970.905 0 5.86 33.77 0 5.86 33.77 26.62 26 3.91 34. 02 25 3.95 33.99 27.01 52 3.78 34.33 50 3.80 34.32 27.29 78 3.16 34. 36 75 3.20 34.36 27.38 105 3.26 34.47 100.... 3.25 34.46 27.45 157 3.30 34.54 150.... 3.30 34. 53 27.50 Station 7807; 4 June; 46°45.5' N., 44°54' W.; depth 161 m.; dynamic height 970.9U 0... 25.. 51- 76-. 101, 152 6.07 33.87 0 6.07 33.87 5.18 33.93 25 5.18 33.93 3.84 34.34 50 3.90 34.34 3.05 34. 30 75 3. 05 34.30 3.18 34.45 100.... 3.15 34.45 3.39 34.55 150.... 3.40 34.54 26.67 26.83 27.30 27.34 27.45 27.50 Station 7808; 4 June, 46°45.5' N., 45°06' W.; depth 183 ra.; dynamic height 970.920 0 5.80 33.81 0 5.80 33.81 26.66 24 5.80 33.84 25 5.80 33.85 26.69 49 3.35 34.11 50 3.35 34.12 27.17 73 3,25 34.27 75 3.25 34.29 27.32 97 4.07 34.48 100.... 4.05 34.59 27.40 146 3.33 34.54 150.... 3.25 34.55 27. 52 Station 7809; 4 June; 46°46.5' N., 45°20' W.; depth 220 m.; dynamic height 970.908 0 6.27 33.95 0 6.27 33.95 26.71 31 4.82 34. 06 25 5.10 34.02 26.91 56 3.50 34.33 50 3.60 34.27 27.27 81 3.85 34.45 75 3.85 34.45 27.39 106 3.33 34.44 100.... 3.45 34.44 27. 42 156 3.04 34.56 150...- 3. 05 34.56 27.55 206 3.36 34.62 200...- 3.30 34. 62 27. 58 Station 7810; 4 June; 46°46.5' N., 45°44' W.; depth 261 m.; dynamic height 970.908 0.., 31- 56- 81- 106 157 207 5.67 33.84 0 5.67 33,84 4.28 34. 15 25 4.40 34, 10 4.00 34.23 50 4.05 34.21 3.81 34. 46 75 3.85 34.43 4.01 34.51 100.... 3.95 34. 50 4.25 34,71 150.... 4.25 34.70 4.01 34.74 200.... 4.05 34.74 26. 70 27. 05 27.17 27. 37 27. 42 27.54 27.60 66 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 -Continued Observed values Depth. meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/cc= Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. SaUii- ity, °/oo Observed values Depth, iiK'ters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, 7oo Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 7811; 4 June 46°46.5' X., 46°08' W.; depth 320 m.; dj-namic height 970.932 0.. 31. 58. 83. 109 160 212 315 5.82 33.80 0 5.82 33.80 4.89 33.88 25 5.05 33. 85 4.41 34.13 50 4.55 34.06 3.91 34.24 75 4.05 34.21 3.63 34.45 ■ 100.___ 3.70 34.37 3.84 34.59i 150.... 3.80 34.57 4.12 34.73i 200.... 4.10 34.70 3.82 34. 80 ! 300.... 3.90 34.79 26.65 26.78 27.00 27.17 27. 34 27.49 27.56 27.65 Station 7812; 4 June; 46°45' X., 46°37' W.; depth 622 m.; dynamic height 970.892 0.. 30. 56. 80- 106 155 205 304 403 602 4.91 33.85 0 4.91 33.85 4.11 34.08 25 4.20 34.07 2.97 34.13 -50 3. 00 34. 12 3.07 34.37 75 3.05 34.34 3.02 34.45 100.... 3.05 34.43 3.28 34.61 150.... 3.25 34.59 3.49 34.76 200.... 3.50 34.75 3.59 34.81 300.. _. 3.60 34.81 3.60 34.86 400... _ 3.60 34.85 3. 70 34.87 600.... 3.70 34.87 26.80 27.05 27. 21 27.38 27.45 27.56 27.66 27.70 27.73 27.74 Station 7813; 4 June; 46°44.5' X., 46°52' W. 1,252 m.; dynamic height 970.892 depth 0 33... 59.... 85..., 111.. 165.. 217.. 322.. 427... 636.. 842... 1.045 5.30 33.79 0 5.30 33.79 3.78 34.30 25 3.95 34.18 4.23 34.57 50 4.13 34.50 3.67 34.59 75 3.70 34.58 3.56 34.62 100.... 3.60 34.61 3.10 34.67 150.... 3.15 34.66 3.48 200-... 3.40 34.70 3.62 34.81 300.... 3.60 34.79 3.66 34.84 400.... 3.65 34.84 3.78 600.-.. 3.80 34.85 3.60 34.85 800.--. 3.65 34.85 3.42 34.89 1,000.. 3.45 34.88 26.70 27.16 27.40 27.49 27.54 27.62 27.63 27.68 27.72 27.71 27.72 27.77 Station 7814; 5 June; 4G°44' X., 47°04' W.; depth 668 m.; dj-namic height 970.905 0... 24.. 48-. 72.. 96-. 144. 192. 289. 386. 581- 2.94 32.86 0 2.94 32.86 4.72 34.15 25 4.70 34.17 3.65 34.42 50 3.65 34.43 3.62 34.51 75 3.60 34.52 3.67 34.58 100.... 3.65 34.58 2.98 34.57 150.... 2.95 34.58 2.92 34.64 200.... 2.95 34.65 3.35 34.73 300..-. 3.40 34.74 3.60 34.80 400...- 3.60 34.81 3.70 34.87 (600) 3.70 34.87 26.21 27.07 27.39 27.47 27.51 27.58 27.63 27.66 27.70 27.74 Station 7815; 5 June; 46°44.5' X., 47°12' W.; depth 320 m.; djTiamic height 970.943 0.. 26. 52. 78. 105 156 208 297 2.50 32.72 0 2.50 32.72 2.66 33.59 25 2.65 33.53 1.73 33.94 50 1.75 33.91 1.94 34.12 75 1.90 34.10 2.06 34.28 100.--- 2.00 34.25 2. 80 34.45 150.... 2.75 34.44 2.99 34.63 200.... 2.95 34.61 3.12 34.67 26. 13 26. 77 27.14 27.28 27.39 27.48 27.60 Station 7816; 5 June; 46°47' X., 47°36' \V 169 m.; dynamic height 971.045 depth 0 2.66 32.79 0 2.66 32.79 26.18 27 1.02 32. 85 25 1.15 32.83 26. 32 54 -1.10 33.06 50 -1.10 33.04 26.59 82 -0.95 33.19 75 -1.00 33.16 26.68 109 -0.59 33.38 100.... -0. 75 33.30 26.79 162 1.21 33.93 150.... 0.80 33.82 27.13 Station 7817; 5 June; 46°49' X., 48°05' W.; 123 m.; djTiamic height 971.036 deptli 0 3.05 32.73 0 3.05 32.73 33 <) 00 33.11 25 2.50 33.03 59 — (I. S5 33. 24 50 -0.35 33. 19 86 — (1. (),S 33. 46 75 -0.45 33. 36 112 0. 10 33.631 100--_ 0.00 33.55 26.09 26.38 26.68 26. 82 26.96 Station 7818: 5 .Tune; 46°52' X., 48°43' W.; depth 91 m.; djTiamic height 971.065 0 2.95 32.67 0 2.95 32.67 26 2.16 32.75 25 2.20 32.74 47 0.28 32.94 50 0.15 32.98 68 -0.67 33.18 75 -0.85 33.24 26.06 26.17 26. 49 26.74 Station 7819; 14 June; 50°02' X., 49°00' W.: depth 1,884 m.; dynamic height 970.886 0 28 50 73 95 139 184 275 365 550 738 928 1,416... 4.29 32.90 0 4.29 ! 32.90 3.40 33.68 25 3.45 33.60 4.42 34.62 50 4.40 34.62 3.75 34.63 75 3.75 34.63 3.58 34.70 100.... 3.50 34.70 3.24 34. 72 150..-- 3.25 34.73 3.26 34.76 200.... 3.25 34.77 3.38 300.-. 3.40 34.80 3.42 34.81 400---- 3.40 34.81 3.34 34.80 600---- 3.35 34.80' 3.34 800.... 3.35 34. 83 3.35 34.85 1,000.. 3.35 34. 86 3.45 34.87 26.11 26.75 27.46 27.54 27.62 27.67 27.70 27.71 27. 72 27. 72 27. 74 27.76 Station 7820; 14 June; 49°50.5' X., 49°33' W.; depth 1,371 m.; djTiamic height 970.866 0.-.. 32... 59--- 85--- 112.. 163.. 216.. 320.. 423-. 628-. 836-. 1,043 4.67 33.61 0 4.67 33.61 1.76 34.02 25 1.80 33.93 2.18 34.31 50 2.05 34.21 2.41 34.50 75 2.30 34.44 2.68 34.56 100.-.. 2.55 34.54 2.89 34.66 150--.. 2.85 34.64 3.31 34.70 200.... 3.20 34.69 3.36 34.78 300..-- 3.35 34.77 3. 50 34.87 400---. 3.50 34.86 3.36 600.... 3.35 34.85 3.40 34.87 800.... 3.40 34.87 3.35 34.87 1,000.. 3.35 34.87 26.63 27. 15 27. 36 27.52 27.58 27.63 27.64 27.69 27.75 27.75 27.77 27.77 67 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 -Continued Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, Observed values Scaled values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Station 7821; 14 June; 49° 40.5' N., 50°01' W. 619 m.; dynamic height 970.905 depth 0 4.54 33.36 0 4.54 33.36 26.45 31 4.07 33.56 25 4.40 33.52 26.61 56 2.67 33.89 50 3.00 33.81 26.90 81 1.83 34.27 75 1.85 34.19 27. 36 105 1.96 34.36 100---- 1.90 34. 35 27.48 156 2.66 34. 56 150--- 2.60 34.54 27.58 206 2.88 34.66 200--- 2.85 34.65 27.64 303 3.14 34. 75 300.--. 3.15 34.75 27.69 400 3.37 34.82 400--.. 3.35 34.82 27.73 595 3.48 34.86 600.... 3.50 34.86 27.75 Station 7822; 15 June; 49°31.5' N., 50°31' W.; depth 346 m.; dynamic height 970.993 0 -. 4.20 31.58 0 4.20 31.58 25.07 31 -0.36 33.06 25 0.30 32.77 26.32 57 -0.56 33.24 50 -0.55 33.20 26.70 82 -0. 54 33.49 75 -0. 55 33.41 26.87 108 0.13 33.70 100..-- -0.10 33.64 27. 04 158 1.25 34.01 150---- 1.10 33.96 27.22 209 1.90 34.28 200-.-- 1.80 34.24 27.40 311 3.13 34.68 300-.-- 3.00 34.65 27.63 Station 7823; 15 June; 49°22' N., 51°00' W 355 m.; dynamic height 970.970 0.. 31- 56- 81. 107 156 207 308 4.03 32.72 0 4.03 32.72 3.28 32.94 25 3.50 32.89 0.75 33.28 50 1.30 33.20 0.01 33. 62 75 0.05 33.54 1.02 33.90 100.-.. 0.75 33.83 1.42 34.12 150.... 1.35 34.10 2.24 34.37 200--.- 2.10 34.33 3.16 34.76 300.--. 3.10 34.73 depth 26.03 26.18 26.60 26.95 27.14 27.32 27.45 27.68 Station 7824; 15 June; 49°14.5' N., 51°31' W 331 m.; dynamic height 970.979 0-- 31- 57. 82- 108 158 209 311 3.10 31.71 0 3.10 31.71 -0. 57 32. 91 25 -0.15 32.68 -0. 67 33.22 50 -0.65 33.14 -0. 21 33.54 75 -0.35 33.45 0.31 33. 80 100.-.- 0.15 33.73 1.32 34.10 150---- 1.15 34.05 2.15 34.40 200.-.. 2.00 34.35 3.11 34.73 300--.- 3.00 34.71 depth 25.28 26.26 26.66 26.89 27. 10 27.29 27.47 27.68 Station 7825; 15 June; 49°05' N., 51°54' W.; depth 300 m.; d>-namic height 970.941 25.60 26.39 26.93 27. 18 27.30 27.42 27.55 27.v67 0- - 4.11 32.23 0 4.11 32.23 32 1.96 33.27 25 2.55 33.05 57 0.07 33.64 50 0.35 33.54 82. 0. 86 33.94 75 0.55 33.86 108 1.41 34.11 100.... 1.25 34.06 159 2.00 34.31 150-.. 1.90 34.27 210 2.60 34. 55 200.... 2.50 34.50 286 3.15 34.71 (300).. 3.20 34.73 Station 7826; 15 June: 49°02' N., 52°0S' W.; depth 302 m.; d>iiamic height 970.977 25.56 25.86 26. 59 26,98 27. 20 27. 33 27. 50 27.69 Station 7827; 15 Jtme; 48°55.5' N., 52°26' W.; depth 357 m.; dynamic height 971.063 0 3.65 32.12 0 3.65 32.12 27 3.98 32.58 25 4.00 32.55 52 1.12 33.26 50 1.40 33.19 77 -0. 06 33.60 75 -0. 05 33. 57 102 0.84 33.94 100--.. 0.80 33. 90 156 1.47 34.15 150-.-- 1.40 34.12 200 2.26 34.40 200---- 2,20 34. 40 273 3.08 34.69 (300).- 3,35 34.77 0-- 31- 58- 83. 109 160 211 314 4.21 31.70 0 4.21 31.70 -1.10 32.72 25 -0.10 32. 53 -1.47 32.95 50 -1.40 32.92 -1.59 33.01 75 -1.55 33.00 -1.36 33.05 100.--- -1.45 33.03 -0.75 33.40 150---- -0. 90 33.33 0.22 33.78 200---- 0.00 33.69 2.17 34.86 300..-- 1.90 34.71 25.17 26.14 26. 50 26.57 26. 59 26.82 27.07 27.77 Station 7828; 15 June; 48°49.5' N., 52°39' W.; depth 205 m.; dynamic height 971.121 25.47 26.22 26.44 26. 51 26.57 26.60 26. 61 Station 7829; 15 June; 48°46.5' N., 52°49' W.; depth 150 m.; dynamic height 971.121 0 3.16 31.96 0 3.16 31.96 25 -0.74 32.59 25 -0.74 32.59 50- -1.26 32.85 50 -1.26 32.85 74 -1.42 32.92 75 -1.45 32.93 99 -1.51 33.00 100---- -1.50 33.00 148 -1.50 33.04 150---- -1.50 33.04 198 -1.47 33.05 200-.. . -1.45 33.05 0. - 2.48 32.12 0 2.48 32.12 25. 66 25 -0. 50 32.51 25 -0. 50 32.51 26.14 50 -1.29 32.87 50 -1.29 32.87 26.46 76 -1.46 32,88 75 -1.45 32.88 26. 47 101 -1.52 32.91 100---- -1.50 32.91 26.50 126 -1.52 32.99 (150)-- -1.50 33.08 26.63 Station 7830; 15 June; 48° 44.5' N., 52°57' W.; depth 119 m.; dynamic height 971.126 0 5.47 31.83 0 5.47 31.83 25.14 25. -0.42 32.57 25 -0.42 32.57 26.19 50 -1.37 32.82 50 -1.37 32.82 26.42 76 -1.43 32.86 75 -1.45 32.86 26.46 101 -1.51 32.94 100--- -1.50 32.94 26.52 Station 7831; 15 June; 48°35.5' N., 52°38' W.; depth 293 m.; dynamic height 971.110 0 4.13 31.85 0 4.13 31.85 25.30 32 -0.62 32.54 25 -0.05 32.41 26.04 58- -1.27 32.80 50 -1.15 32.74 26. 35 84 -1.43 32.93 75 -1.35 32.89 26.48 111 -1.54 33.04 100---- -1.50 33.00 26.57 162 -1.39 33.10 150---. -1.45 33.09 26.64 68 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 -Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- : Salin- iTem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, ^lamic height 971.076 0 5.17 11 32.6I1I 0 5.17 32.61 25. 78 26 3.44 32.60 25 3.55 32.60 25. 95 53 -0.29 32.98 50 0.15 32. 92 26.44 80 -0.99 33.10 75 -0.95 33.07 26.61 106 -0. 82 33.30 100-... -0.85 33.24 26.74 Station 7842; 16 June; 48°02' X., 49°46' \V. 183 m.; dynamic height 971.057 lepth 0 4.84 31.97' 0 4.84 31.97 25. 32 32 -0.98 32.86 25 -0.30 32. 67 26.24 57 -1.12 33.04 50 -1.10 32. 99 26.55 83 -0.75 33.20 75 -0.85 33.15 26.67 108 -0.69 33.32 100---- -0.70 33.28 26.77 160 0.80 33.91, 1 150.--- 0.50 33. 80 27.13 Station 7843; 16 June; 48°12' X., 49°41' \V.; deptli 220 m.; dynamic height 971.054 0--- 31-- 56-- 81-- 106- 157. 207- 4.51 31.89 0 4.51 31.89 -0.98 32.86 25 0.05 32. 67 -1.09 33.03 50 -1.10 33.00 -0.87 33.12 75 -0.95 33.10 -0.48 33.351 100---- -0.55 33.30 0.80 33.84 150--.- 0.65 33.78 1.98 34.29 200--.. 1.80 34.22 25. 29 26. 25 26. 56 26.63 26.78 27.11 27.38 69 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 Continued Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Tern- Depth, pera- meters lure, ° C. Salin- ity, °loo 7844; 16 June; 48°34' N., 49=34' W.; depth 659 m.; dynamic height 971.023 0 4.41 31.85 0 4.41 31.85 25.27 28 -0.93 32.71 25 -0.45 32.62 26.23 52 -1.25 33.04 50 -1.25 33.02 26.58 75 -0.80 33.19 75 -0.80 33.19 26.70 98 0.06 33.55 100-.-- 0.10 33.56 26.96 144 0.52 33.81 150-.-- 0.65 33.84 27.16 190 1.57 34.10 200-.-- 1.75 34.16 27.34 283 2.70 34.59 300..-- 2.85 34.65 27. 64 375 3.39 400... 3.45 34.80 27.70 560 3.59 34.87 (600).- 3.65 34.88 27.75 Station 7845; 16 June; 48°50' N., 49°25' W.; depth 1,371 m.; dynamic height 970.924 0 32.... 58---- 84--.. 110--- 162.-- 214--- 317.-- 418--- 626--- 824.-- 1, 030- 1.272. 4.47 32.68 0 4.47 32.68 2.45 33.29 25 3.20 33.16 0.16 33. 75 50 0.35 33.62 1.38 34.08 75 0.85 33.98 2.08 34. 26 100-.-- 1.85 34.20 2.67 34.44 150...- 2.60 34.40 2.81 34.58 200.--- 2.75 34. 54 3.36 34.77 300---- 3.30 34.75 3.52 34.83 400---. 3. .50 34.83 3.49 34.90 600...- 3.50 34.90 3.48 800.... 3.50 34.90 3.50 1,000.- 3.50 34.91 3.44 34.92 25.92 26.42 27. 00 27. 26 27. 36 27. 46 27. 56 27.68 27.72 27.78 27.78 27.79 Station 7846; 17 June; 49°10' N., 49°13' W, 1,920 m.; dynamic lieight 970.887 depth 0 4.89 33.55 0 4.89 33.55 32 2.83 33.86 25 3.25 33.77 58 1.78 34.27 50 1.95 34.15 83 2.35 34.44 75 2.15 34. 40 109 2.56 34.50 100.-.. 2.50 34.49 160 2.71 34.56 150.-.. 2.70 34. ,54 211 2.93 34. 66 200---- 2.90 34.65 315 3.46 34.78 300---- 3.40 34.76 417 3.51 34. 82 400 3. ,50 34.82 622 3.51 34.87 600.--- 3.50 34.87 826 3.57 800--.. 3.55 34.88 1,031.-- 3.52 34.89 1.000.. 3.50 34.89 1,540.-- 3.47 34.90 26.56 26.90 27.32 27.50 27.54 27. 57 27. 64 27. 68 27. 72 27. 76 27. 76 27.77 Station 7847; 17 June; 49°29' N., 49°00'W 1,966 m.; dynamic height 970.850 depth 0... 31- ,56- 82- 107 156 207, 298 380 524 698 870 5.59 33.73 0 5.59 33.73 4.97 34.31 25 5.15 34.19 3.50 34.67 50 3.55 34.59 3.42 34. 72 75 3.45 34.72 3.23 34.68 100.... 3.25 34.69 3.25 34.72 150.... 3.25 34. 72 3.26 34.79 200 3.25 34.79 3.31 34. 80 3U0 3.30 34. 80 3.38 34.84 400.... 3.35 34.84 3.35 600--.. 3.35 34.85 3.38 34. 85 800 3.35 34. 85 3.32 34. 85 1,000-. 3.35 34. 86 26. 62 27.04 27. 53 27. 64 27. 64 27. 66 27. 72 27.72 27. 75 27. 76 27. 76 27. 76 Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, meters ture, ° C. "/co meters ture, ° C. "/oo station 7848; 17 June; 49°59' N., 49°00'W. 1,920 m.; dynamic height 970.839 depth 0 5.00 33.39 0 5.00 33.39 26. 42 33 3.47 34.59 25 3.65 34.36 27. 34 60 3.26 34.66 50 3.30 34.63 27.58 86 3.07 34.74 75 3.15 34.70 27.65 113 3.33 34.79 100 3.20 34.77 27. 70 166 3.45 150--. 3.45 34. 80 27.70 219 3.36 34.82 200-.. . 3.40 34.81 27.72 323 3.40 34.84 300..-- 3.40 34.84 27.74 426 3.40 400.... 3.40 34.85 27.75 626 3.34 34.86 600-..- 3.35 34.85 27. 76 831 3.35 800...- 3.35 34. 86 27.76 1,035-- 3.33 34.86 1,000-- 3.35 34. 86 27. 76 1,544... 3.39 34.90 Station 7849; 17 June; 49°46' N., 48°20'\V.; depth 2,469 m.; dynamic height 970.842 0 32 59 85 111 162 215 318 420 620 833 1,040... 1,546..- 6.39 34.12 0 6.39 34.12 6.10 34.55 25 6.20 34.46 3.82 34.66 50 4.60 34.63 3.34 34.70 75 3.40 34.69 3.24 34.75 100-... 3.25 34.73 3.25 34.77 150—. 3.25 34.76 3.36 34.83 200 3.35 34. B2 3.36 300.-- 3.35 34.84 3.^6 34.84 400-.-. 3.35 34.84 3.34 34.84 600.... 3.35 34.84 3.36 34.85 800-.-- 3.35 34.85 3.38 34.89 1,000-. 3.40 34.89 3.34 26.83 2:. 12 27. 45 27. 62 27.^7 27.69 27.73 27. 75 27..75 27. 75 27.^76 27.78 Station 7850; 17 June; 49°41' N., 47°40' W.; depth 2,780 m.; dynamic height 970.846 0 32-.- 57--. 83... 108.. 159- . 210.. 313.. 416.- 622.- 828-- 1, 034 1,552 6.19 34.38 0 6.19 34.38 5.35 34.38 25 5.70 34.38 3.26 34. ,58 50 3.75 34. 52 3.03 34.65 75 3.10 34.64 3.00 34.64 100 3.00 34. 65 3.11 34.75 150 3.10 34.74 3. 25 34.80 200 3. 20 34.79 3. 46 34.82 300-.. 3.45 34.82 3.45 34.86 400.... 3.45 34.86 3.44 34.86 600..-- 3.45 34. 86 3.35 34.86 800.... 3.35 34.86 3.35 34.87 1.000-- 3.35 34.87 3.37 27. 06 27. 12 27. 45 27.61 27. 63 27.69 27. 72 27. 72 27.75 27. 75 27.76 27.77 Station 7851; 17 June; 49°16.5' N., 47°54' \V.; depth 2,469 m.; dynamic height 970.852 0 31-..- 57--.. 82..-- 108... 158... 209... 310.-- 411... 614. __ 818..- 1,021. 1. 532. 6.38 34.58 0 6.38 34.58 6.26 34.57 25 6.30 34. 57 5.40 34.56 50 5.70 34. 56 3.66 34.64 75 4.05 34.63 3.10 34.54 100--.. 3.20 34.57 2.94 34. 66 150-..- 2.95 34.64 2.88 34.67 200-.-. 2.90 34. 67 3. 16 34.76 300---- 3.10 34.75 3.33 34. 85 400-.-. 3.35 34.84 3.38 600...- 3.40 34.87 3.36 34. 90 800-.. . 3.35 34. 90 3.28 34.90 1,000-. 3.30 34. 90 3. 00 34.92 27. 19 27. 20 27. 26 27.51 27. 55 27. 62 27.65 27. 70 27. V 5 27. 76 27.79 27. 80 70 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961 -Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, at meters ture, ° C. "loo meters 1 ture, ° C. "/oo Observed values Depth, meters Tem- pera- ture, ° C. Salin- ity, °/oo Scaled values Tem- Salin- Depth, meters pera- ture, ° C. ity, °'oo Station 7852; 18 June; 48°53' N., 48°11' W.; depth 2,286 m., dynamic height 970.878 0 5.60 33.77 0 5.60 33.77 26.65 32 3.53 33.96 25 3.95 33.90 26.94 57 2.27 34.41 50 2.35 34.28 27. 39 83 2.67 34.57 75 2.55 34.55 27. 59 108 2.87 34.62, 100 2.80 34.61 27. 62 159 3.22 34. 69' 150.... 3.15 34.68 27.64 210 3.58 34. 80' 200.. _. 3.55 34.79 27. 69 313 3.56 34.82 300.... 3.55 34. 82 27.71 414 3.52 34. 82 400.... 3.50 34. 82 27.72 618 3.49 34.84 600.... 3.50 34.84 27.73 821 3.39 800_... 3.40 34.83 27.73 1,021... 3.42 34.87 , 1.000.. 3.40 34.87 27.76 1. 520__. 3.38 34.87 Station 7853; 18 June; 48°29' N., 48°23' W.; depth 1,737 m.; dynamic height 970.895 0 31... 55... 80... 105.. 154.. 204. _ 303.. 402.. 600.. 803.. 1,009 1, 534 5.13 33.24 0 5.13 33.24 4.35 34.28 25 4.55 34.08 2.89 34.40 50 3.00 34.39 2.53 34.45 75 2.55 34.44 2.88 34.52 100_... 2.80 34.50 2.89 34.59 150.-.. 2.90 34. 58 3.11 34.70 200.. __ 3.10 34.69 3.26 34.77 300.. __ 3.25 34.77 3.45 34. 82 400.... 3.45 34. 82 3.51 34.82 600 3.50 34. 82 3.56 34.86 800.... 3.55 34. 85 3.47 1,000.. 3.45 34.86 3.40 34.915 26.29 27.02 27.42 27. 50 27. 53 27. 58 27. 65 27. 70 27. 72 27.72 27. 73 27. 75 Station 7854; 18 June; 48°11.5' N., 48°39' W.; depth 606 m., dynamic height 970.995 0__. 30.. 56-- 80. . 106- 155- 205. 303- 400. 590. 4.63 1 32.08' 0 4.63 32. 08 3.17 32. 64 25 3.60 32. 55 -0.60 33.34< 50 -0.50 33.18 -0.02 33,63; 75 -0.20 33.57 1.00 33.90; 100--.. 0.75 33.83 1.73 34.22i 150.-.. 1.65 34.19 2. 56 34.48 200.... 2.50 34.46 3. 3H 34.74 300-.-- 3.35 34.74 3.63 34. 82 400.-.. 3.65 34.82 3.67 34. 87 600.... 3.65 34.87 25. 43 25.90 26. 68 26. 98 27.14 27.37 27.52 27.67 27. 70 27.74 Station 7855; 18 June; 48°02.5' N., 48°40' \V.; depth 324 m.; djTiamic height 971.046 0 32-.-. 58-.-. 84---. 110--- 162--- 214.-- 317... 4.60 31.92 0 4.60 31.92 3.19 32. 66 25 3.70 32. 50 -1.03 33. 09 50 -0.30 33.00 -0.73 33. 2S 75. -0.90 33.21 0.09 :i3.64 100---- -0. 25 33.49 1.19 34.011 1.50 1.00 33.93 1.81 34.32 200.... 1.65 34. 24 2. 46 34. 48 300-.-. 2.40 34.46 25.30 25.85 26.53 26. 72 26. 92 27.21 27.41 27.53 Station 7856: 18 June; 47°50' N., 48°50' W. 220 m.; d>Tiamic height 971.073 depth 0---- 25-- 51... 76--- 102.. 153.. 204- . 5.32 31.97 0 5.32 31.97 2.09 32.74 25 2.09 32.74 -0.84 33.00 50 -0. 75 32.99 -1.07 33.10 75 -1.05 33.09 -0.73 33. 21 100---- -0.75 33.20 -0.37 33.441 150---- -0.40 33. 42 1.39 34. 12 ! 25.26 26.18 26.54 26. 63 26.71 26. 87 Station 7857; 18 June; 47°39.5' N., 48°58' W.; depth 165 m.; djiiamic height 971.057 0 5.42 32. 16, 0 5.42 32.16 25.40 26 0.79 32.80 25 1.10 32.78 26.28 52 -0 20 33.14 50 -0.15 33.11 26.61 78 -0.51 33.19 75 -0.50 33.18 26.68 105 -0.55 33.36 100---- -0.55 33.33 26.80 157 0.49 33.77 150.... 0.35 33.71 27.07 Station 7858; 18 June; 47°43' N., 48°30' \V.; depth 208 m.; djTiamie height 971.067 0-. 25- 50- 75- 100 150 200 5.61 31.93 0 5.61 31.93 2.99 32.84 25 2.99 32.84 -0.01 33.03 50 -0.01 33.03 -1.00 33.16 75 -1.00 33.16 -1.01 33.24 100--- -1.01 33. 24! 0. 22 33.67 150- - 0.22 33.67 1.14 33.98 200.... 1.14 33.98 25.20 26.19 26.54 26.68 26.75 27.04 27.24 Station 7859; 18 June; 47°47' N., 48°14' W.: depth 242 m.; dynamic height 971.056 0 30--__ 55 79---- 104... 152... 201.-- 4.96 31. 75, 0.38 32. 87 1.31 32. 96 0. 92 33.16 0.91 33.29 0.46 33. 80 1.65 34. 20' 0--- 25-- 50.- 75.- 100- 150- 200. 4.96 0.40 -1.25 -1.00 -0.90 0.40 1.60 31. 75 32.68 32.95 33. 14 33. 27 33. 77 34. 19 25.13 26. 24 26.52 26.67 26.77 27.12 27.38 Station 7860; 18 June; 47°48.5' N., 47°52' W.; depth 302 m.; dynamic height 971.020 0 5.68 31.75 0 5.68 31.75 25.05 32 1.27 33.22 ! 25 2.20 32.90 26.30 59 0.14 33.36 i 50 0.20 33.32 26. 76 85 0.35 33.70 i 75 0.25 33,57 26.96 112 0.83 33.86 ) 100--- 0.60 33.80 27.13 164 1.55 34.09 150--- 1.30 34.03 27.27 217 2.54 34.42 200---- 2.30 34.34 27.44 270 2.53 34.46 71 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961- Continued Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, -namic height 970.945 0 8.28 33.60 0 8.28 33.60 26.16 26 6.87 33. 72 25 _-. 6.95 33.71 26.43 52 3.51 33. 88 50 3.85 33.87 26.93 78 2.63 34.03;! 75 2.65 34.01 27.15 104 2.84 34. 171 100---- 2.80 34.14 27.24 157 3.35 34. 46 150-.-. 3.30 34.42 27.42 209 3.42 34. 56: 200-.- 3.40 34.55 27.51 Station 7896; 22 June; 46°49' N., 45°01' W.; depth 174 m.; dynamic height 970.922 0-- 31- 56- 80- 105 155 8.15 33. 59 0 4.94 33. 88 i 25 2.56 34. 00 50 2. 95 34. 25 75 3.38 34.39, 100.--- 3.41 34. 54 150--.. 8. 15! 33. 59 5.55 33.83 2.70 33.97 2.85 34.20 3.35| 34.361 3.40 34. 52i 26.17 26. 71 27.11 27.28 27.36 27.49 Station 7897; 22 June; 46°48' N., 44°51' W.; depth 146 m.; dynamic height 970.906 0-. 31. 56- , 80. 105 130 8.43! 33.66 3.671 34.03 3.46' 34.25 3. 17| 34. 38 3.37 34.52 3.40 34.54 0.. 25- 50. 75- 100 8.43 33.66 4.051 33.97 3.50: 34.20 3.20 34.35 3.35 34.50 26.18 26.98 27. 22 27. 37 27.48 Station 7898; 3 July; 50°00' X., 49°00' W. 1,922 m.; dynamic height 970.842 depth 0-._. 32... 58... 84--. 109.- 160-- 212-- 315-. 416-- 620-- 826-. 1, 032 1, 548 5.91 32.62 0 5.91 32.62 4.90 34.23 25 5.20 33.88 3.07 34.67 50 3.35 34.58 3.16 34. 75 75 3.15 34.73 3. 20 34.78 100--- 3.20 34. 77 1 3.56 34. 86 150---- 3.50 34. 85l 3.68 34. 89' 200--.. 3.65 34. 89| 3.51 300---. 3.55 34. 88! 3.47 31. ss 401) 3.50 34. 88' 3.36 :« Ns lit III 3.35 34. 88i 3.35 34. ^^ ,S!HI 3.35 34. 88 1 3.36 34. 89: 1,000-- 3.35 34.89 3.40 34. 92' 25.71 26.79 27.54 27.68 27.70 27.74 27.76 27.76 27. 76 27.78 27.78 27. 79 Station 7839; 4 July; 49°48.5' N., 49°28' W 1,427 m.; dynamic height 970.869 depth 0_._ 31.. 58.- 83-- 110- 160- 314---. 414-.-. 612 813--.- 1,012.. 1.209.- 6.55 32.68 0 6.55 32.68 0.77 33. 97 25 1.45 33.72 1.42 34. 24 50 1.15 34.16 2.44 34.48 75 2.25 34.41 2. 67i 34.57| 100... . 2.60 34.54 3. 13 34. 72' 1.50... . 3.05 34. 70: 3.40| 34. 78i 200.-.- 3.35 34. 77| 3.48' 34.831 300..-- 3.50 34.82' 3.49| 34.87: 400-.-- 3.50 34.87 3.50l 34.88! 630-.-- 3. 50 34. 8S 3.47t 34.89, 800-.-- 3.45 34.89 3.391 34.881 1,000-- 3.40 34.88 3.39 --| 25.67 27.01 27.38 27. 50 27.58 27.66 27.69 27.72 27. 76 27.76 27. 775 Station 7900; 4 July; 49°40' N., 50°04' W 022 m.; djmamie height 970.902 depth 0-- 31- 57. 82. 107 159 210 310 411 6.71 32.64 0 6.71 32.64 -0.18 33.44 25 0.45 33.28 0.28 33. 82 50 0.10 33.72 1.11 34.06 75 0.85 33.98 1.70 34.28 100-.-- 1.55 34.22 2.48 34.49 150... . 2.35 34.45 2.74 34.61 200-..- 2.70 34.59 3.14 34.75 300.... 3.10 34.74 3.21 34.78 400.-.- 3.20 34.78 3.38 34.88 600-.-- 3.35 34.88 25.62 26. 72 27.09 27. 26 27.40 27. 53 27.61 27.69 27.71 27.78 7901; 4 July; 49°30' N., 50°33' W.; depth 348 m.; dynamic height 970.960 0 31 56 82 107-... 158.-.. 208-..- 309.-- 6.98 32.18 0 6. 98 32. 18 -1.40 32. 99 25 -0.80 32.831 -0. 96 33.19 50 -1.10 33.15 -0.71 33. 42 75 -0.80 33.351 0.00 33.74 100-.-- -0.25* 33. 64| 1.59 34.16 150_-__ 1.35 31.10 2.33 34.44 200-.- 2.20; 34.401 3.28 34.78 300--- 3.20 34.76! 25.23 26.41 26.68 26.83 27.04 27.32 27.50 27.70 Station 7902; 4 July; 49°22' N., 51°03' W. 348 m.; dynamic height 970.927 depth 0 7.70 32.15 0 7.70 32.15 25.10 31 2.12 33. 18; 25 3.05 32. 98 26.29 57 0.67 33.83' 50 0.85 33.70 27.03 82 1.20 34.07 75 1.05 34.01 27.27 108 1.62 34.21 100--.- 1.50 34.17 27.37 158 2.08 34.38' 150---- 2.00 34.36 27.48 209 2.61 34. 56: 200---- 2.55 34. 52 27.56 311 3.23 34. 76 300-..- 3.20 34.74 27.68 75 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1961— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth. pera- ity, v^(^ /« A. A^ v<_ A v.[r? / / ^A, *■ xl^\ ■'-''■ ^ «^/ _ /y^i / ! ri^A. ■f ' .',* '^ '■■■, ^ - , ^ fe/nl:;3r v ty i' , ,-^^ 4 4 , 47 ^^M ; ' i ^^ '^>' ' ^^l^'l BAfftS ^ ^'^- ^ ^ . '-' ^ ♦ ■'-^;- -'. . " -/ --! - -'■ ^., -. ! !' " ' ^ . <^ ■c;'"? '?••/--- ---<-< , - r- ^ ■^ - """■"■-- \ / ♦ ^ % ^ ^ ' '^ a.M* I, ,■* V , , \< ' ^ '■"■■ s -V :, ; ' '■ " - ^ , 1 » -M. - /I -5" '"l"";w,y >x 42° /' *^? ^ ICE CHAFT MAY 1962 41° l-» '"t 1... l-« * s-| 40° V* V 40° "-'•-? ' n ' 1 * -•-" 39° ^q» 5 9° 5 8° c 7° 5 6° E 5° 5 4° 5 3° 5 2° E 1° 5 0° 4 9° 4 8° 4 7° 4 6° 45° 44° 43° Figure 17. — Ice plot, May 1962. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 50° 49° 47 46° 45° 44° 43° 4r / , 'C-:.-' ..-- ...r^ f--..:lJ 6A':. 43° J**"*' ji«\lW|"'l ""I""/""/./, ^^' > ICE JUNE PLOT 1962 40'' """< ""/iiiiiiiii „l,».W 39° ^y 59° 58° 57° 56° 55° 54° 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48° 47° Figure 18. — Ice plot, June 1962. Figures indicate day of month ice was sighted or reported. 45° 44° 43° ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued [By Country! Sea con- Ice dition reports reports Vessel Sea con- Ice dition reports reports GERMANY — Continued SS Heinrich Schulte SS Ingrid Weide 2 SS Indus SS Innstein ____ SS Kybfels SS Leada SS Lealott 3 SS Leanna 2 SS Learina 1 SS Magdalina Olden- dorff 3 SS Magdeburg SS Maria Anna Schulte, 1 SS Marie Leonhardt SS Marivia 2 SS Martin Andersen SS Mathilde Bolten SS Mellum 4 SS Methan SS Muelheim-Ruhr 4 SS Naumburg SS Ophelia SS Poseidon 4 SS Rheinstein 6 SS Saar stein SS S. Marten SS Sch wanheim SS Seven Seas 2 SS Susanne Fritzen 1 SS Transeuropa 2 SS Transpacific 2 SS Uranus 1 SS Valeria 2 SS Virginia SS Weissenburg 2 SS Willi Huber 1 GREECE SS Arkadia 7 SS Armar 1 SS Capt. Anastassis 1 SS Caspiana SS Castas Michalos SS Daphne SS Eirini L SS Elena 1 9 5 1 18 2 1 12 27 16 3 10 5 1 3 5 7 6 1 23 5 1 14 9 21 15 9 17 1 17 4 26 4 3 11 2 22 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 GREECE — continued SS Georgios Manolakis- SS Hellenic Laurel SS Kastor ■_ 2 SS Mesologi SS Nereus 2 SS North Lord SS North Page SS Olympos SS Queen Frederica SS Yiannina SS Bruar Foss. SS Jokulfell... SS Irish Maple-. SS Irish Oak... SS Irish Pine SS Irish Spruce. ISRAEL SS Beersheva SS Dagan SS Har Canaan SS Israel SS Nahariya 1 SS Nurith 1 ITALY SS Aurelia SS Cristoforo Colombo.. SS Emanuele V. Parodi. SS Maina Morasso SS Mar Cheto 1 SS Mirto 1 SS Punta Mesco SS Punta Vagno SS S. Isabella SS Saturnia SS Sun Campanella 1 SS Sun Etna SS Vulcania SS Zenobia Martini Secondo 2 9 18 17 5 1 1 4 2 23 20 1 4 19 2 11 6 1 1 11 25 19 1 2 5 20 12 14 1 1 29 1 6 31 10 21 ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued [By Country] Vessel Sea con- Ice diiion reports reports Vessel Sea con- Ice dition reports reports SS Akashisan Maru 1 SS Arita Maru 3 SS Colorado Maru 3 1 SS Hodakasan Maru - . 3 SS Musashisan Maru__ 1 LIBERIA SS Atholl McBean 3 SS Atlantic Baroness 2 SS Devon 1 SS Bordabere 2 SS Carol 2 SS Cruzeiro do Sul 6 SS Electra 1 SS Farah Pahlavi 5 SS Hong Kong Clipper. 1 SS I nvida 2 5 SS Leonidas 4 SS Madison Friendship. 3 SS Olympia 26 SS Ore Venus 1 7 SS Paul Pigott 10 SS Texaco Southampton. 8 SS Transporter 5 SS World Campaigner.. 5 SS World Chieftain 2 NETHERLANDS SS ^ico 1 1 SS Ackaar 4 SS Akkrumkyk 8 SS A mpenan 9 SS Arkeldijk _.,__ 2 SS Banda 3 18 SS Bar endrecht 1 SS Bintang 6 SS Colytto 10 SS Friesland 1 SS Gaasterdyk 3 SS Groove Beer 11 SS Johan Van Oldenbarnevelt 9 SS Kamperdyk 9 SS Karakorum 1 SS Katsedyk 2 SS Kerkedyk 3 18 SS Koratia 7 NETHERLANDS — Continued SS Korendyk 28 SS Leto 1 1 SS Maasdam 33 SS Nieuw Amsterdam.. 34 SS Nieuwe Tonge 20 SS Noordam 40 SS Ootmar sum 2 4 SS Prins F. Hendrik... 1 1 SS Prins Johan Willem Frisco 3 15 SS Prins Willem II... 2 SS Prins Willem III.. 1 5 SS Prins Willem V.... 1 9 SS Prins Willem George Frederik 1 SS Prinses Mar griet 3 SS Rotterdam 22 SS Ryndam 7 91 SS Salatiga 4 5 SS Sarangan 6 SS Schiedyk 14 SS Sloterdyk 12 SS Sommelsdyk 7 SS Statendam 2 SS Westerdam 23 NORWAY SS Arnfinn Stange 2 SS Bahia 6 SS Beatrice 13 SS Beltana 5 SS Bergens fjord 4 22 SS Bindal 12 SS Black Heron 28 SS Borealis 11 SS Borgholt 19 SS Brott 1 SS By sanz 1 1 SS Clio 1 SS Evita 1 5 SS Favorita 1 1 SS Foldenfjord 4 17 SS Forra 1 3 SS Havsul 4 SS Hoegh Favour 4 SS Jar ama 1 1 SS J otunf jell 1 1 22 ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued [By Country] Vessel Sea con- Ice dition reports reports Sea con- Ice dition reports reports NORU'AY — continued SS Leikanger 1 SS Lyngenfjord 1 SS Mandeville SS Matang SS Mi7ross SS .Vardo 1 SS Nopal Branco SS Nordgard SS Oslofjord 2 SS Rogn SS Skiensfjord 1 SS Stavangerfjord SS StoH Avenir 1 SS Svanef jell SS Suni ma SS Sun Karen SS Synia 1 SS Templar 1 SS Tennessee SS Thorshope SS Tobon SS Topdalsfjord 4 SS Torvanger 5 SS Troma 2 SS Vesta PANAMA SS Andros Hill 1 SS Aristides SS Esso Colon SS Esso Cuba SS Homeric 15 SS Kori SS Louise 3 SS Nella SS South River 1 SS Texaco Missouri 3 POLAND SS Batory 5 SS Krynica SS Legnica 1 SS Polanica SPAIN SS Mar Tirreno SS Monte Urbasa 1 1 4 1 5 20 4 4 22 1 at 1 7 1 11 4 1 1 3 18 10 1 3 1 7 1 3 64 35 14 2 45 3 3 1 SUDAN SS Tidaholm SWEDEN SS Alta SS Ajnacita 1 SS Arizona 1 SS Arvidsjaur 1 SS Atlantic Friend 3 SS Avafors SS Avasaksa SS Bernhard Ingelsson. SS Birgit Ragne SS Braheholm 1 SS Buccanero SS Danaholm SS Eva Jeanette 1 SS Fidelio 1 SS Fredrik Ragne 1 SS Gripsholm SS Gunilla Billner 2 SS Husaro SS Kristina Thorden 1 SS Kungsholm SS Lisheth 1 SS Luossa SS Minnesota SS Monica Smith SS Nebraska SS Odensholm 1 SS Otis 5 SS Rangeborg 1 SS Rigoletto SS Rudolph Andersson. SS Rydboholm SS Soya Atlantic 1 SS Stegeholm 2 SS Svaneholm SS Torsholm SS Tosca SS Vibyholm SS Virihaure 2 SS Viris SS Zelos SWITZERLAND SS Castagnola SS Corviglia 18 16 7 6 11 6 3 9 46 15 3 1 28 10 17 4 4 6 8 20 6 1 9 3 10 12 2 9 9 22 1 23 ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued [By Country] Sea con- Ice dilion reports reports Vessel Sea con- Ice dition reports SWITZERLAND — Continued SS A^yon 11 SS Regina 69 SSRigi --- 22 UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC 8S Salah El Din 4 SS Star of Ass^ian 1 4 UNITED KINGDOM SS ^Zer< 1 SS Alsatia 5 28 SS Alaunia 8 SS Andania 6 SS Andria 2 24 SS Anna 1 SS Antigua 1 SS Arabia 3 SS Arthur Albright 2 SS Ascanitis 2 SS ^sia 2 47 SS Assyria 13 SS Athelduke 2 SS Baron Minio 1 10 SS Beavercove 4 10 SS Beaverdell 10 44 SS Beaverford 4 33 SS Beaver glen 2 9 SS Beaver Lake . . 3 30 SS Beechmore 17 SS Beltinge 1 SS Bideford 7 SS Birmingham City 1 11 SS British Monarch 2 51 SS British Soldier 8 SS Cairngowan 7 47 SS Cairndhu 4 42 SS Calgaria 3 16 SS Caltex Kenya 11 SS Carinthia 10 36 SS Carrigan Head 15 SS Caslon 10 SS Caxton 7 58 SS Charlton Mir a 1 SS Cheviot 2 2 SS City of Auckland... 3 10 SS City of Birkenhead.. 1 SS City of Coventry 4 UNITED KINGDOM — Continued SS City of Johannesburg 3 SS City of Philadelphia. 11 SS Clement 1 9 SS Colina 1 19 SS Constance Bowater.. 2 12 SS Consuelo 8 43 SS Crystal Bell 1 4 SS Crystal Croivn 4 10 SS Cydonia 1 1 SS Cyrus Field 8 3 SS Dalh anna 7 16 SS Domino 12 SS Dorset Brook 1 SS Dunadd 1 36 SS Dundee 3 1 SS Edenmore 3 SS Egidia 16 SS Elizabeth Bowater 6 2 SS Empress of Britain. . 12 59 SS Empress of Canada. 4 16 SS Empress of England. 14 23 SS Finnamore Meadow. 3 7 SS Flowergate 2 3 SS Gilia 2 SS Glanely 5 SS Gloucester City 1 1 SS Goodwood 1 1 SS Graigfelen 2 2 SS Hinakur a 14 SS Hinnites 3 SS Hudson Sound 11 8 SS Imperial Star 9 SS Inishowen Head 10 SS Inverfield 1 7 SS Isaac Carter 4 SS I vernia 7 27 SS Joya Mccance 2 SS King Malcolm 2 30 SS La Estancia 1 SS La Hacienda 3 SS La Loma 16 SS La M area 1 12 SS La Pradera 3 30 SS Laurentia 3 17 SS Letitia 2 11 SS Lindisfarne 6 8 SS Lismoria 1 87 24 ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued [By Country] Vessel Sea con- Ice dition reports reports Vessel Sea con- Ice dition reports reports UNITED KINGDOM — Continued SS Lord Kelvin 2 32 SS Manchester City 2 12 SS Manchester Faith... 1 12 SS Manchester Fame 3 12 SS Manchester Miller.. 1 1 SS Manchester Mariner. 1 23 SS Manchester Mer- chant 1 8 SS Manchester Pioneer. 4 33 SS Manchester Port 2 8 SS Manchester Progress. 1 2 SS Manchester Regi- ment 2 13 SS Manchester Shipper. 4 31 SS Manchester Spinner. 1 3 SS Manchester Trader.. 1 23 SS Manchester \ an- guard 4 10 SS Mangla 5 SS Marengo 3 28 SS Mauretania 3 SS Montcalm 12 SS Montrose 1 8 SS Naess Pioneer 1 SS Naess Clarion 3 6 SS Newfoundland 10 33 SS Nina Boivater 7 SS Nottingham 3 9 SS Nova Scotia 1 2 SS Perang 3 3 SS Pmm 3 1 SS Phrjllis Bowater 6 14 SS Port Alfred 2 SS Port Jackson 3 11 SS Prospero 11 SS Queen of Bermuda.. 14 SS Queen Mary 36 SS Rakaia 15 SS Ramore Head 3 15 SS Rembrandt 1 6 SS Rialto 3 15 SS Rievaulx 1 4 SS Ripon 2 SS Rocket 8 SS Roonagh Head 6 SS Sacramento 2 7 SS Saint Merriel 1 4 UNITED KINGDOM — Continued SS Saint John 8 SS Salvada 8 SS Sandsend 8 SS Santona 2 1 SS Sarah Bowater 8 SS Saxonia 13 57 SS Sherhro 1 SS Sid onia 16 SS Southern Prince 2 7 SS Spenser 13 SS Sunek 1 SS Sun Rip 12 SS Sussex 5 14 SS Sylvania 22 SS Telemachus 2 SS Toronto City 6 SS Torr Head 3 8 SS Tretnorva 2 2 SS Trinculo 1 42 SS Tynemouth 1 SS Vexilla 11 SS Warkworth 1 2 SS Wairangi 5 SS Western Prince 3 7 SS Weybridge 1 8 SS Wharanui 4 6 SS Workinghai7i 2 SS Yorkshire 10 SS Y or kwood 1 6 SS Zinnia 3 3 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS SS Ecnilgbvet 1 SS Kandagach 2 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SS Aldersgate 2 7 SS America 62 SS American Angler — 2 SS American Archer — 3 SS American Banker 8 SS American Builder-^. 1 67 SS A merican Chief 67 SS American Clipper ^^. 17 SS American Farmer... 3 SS American Flyer 44 695-672 0-64-3 25 ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued [By Country] Vessel Sea con- Ice dilion reports reports Sea con- Ice dilion reports reports UNITED STATES OF AMERICA COn. SS American Forwarder 26 SS American Forester.. 5 SS American Giiide 8 SS American Gunner... 1 SS A merican Harvester . 3 SS American Importer. 4 SS American Leader 12 SS American Manufacturer 6 SS American Marketer. 11 SS American Merchant- 4 SS American Miller 6 SS American Packer 51 SS American Planter... 5 SS American Producer. 1 SS A merican Press 3 SS American Ranger 7 SS American Reporter.. 35 SS American Retailer.. 1 SS American Scientist.. 11 SS Ajnerican Scout 2 SS American Shipper.. 48 SS American Trapper.. 32 SS American Traveler.. 2 SS A merican Veteran . . 1 5 SS Angela Victory 1 SS Charles Lijkes 1 SS Eugene Lykes 2 SS ExcaliMir 10 SS Excel'ence 1 SS Exemplar 1 SS Exira 17 SS Expeditor 5 SS Export Adventure 2 SS Export Aide 2 SS Export Banner 5 SS Export Bay 1 SS Exporter 1 SS Extavia 1 10 SS Flying Endeavor 1 SS Flying Spray 2 9 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA COn. SS Frank Lykes SS Hoosier State SS Hurricane 2 SS Lmport Banner SS John Lykes SS Junior SS Kathryn SS Keystone State SS Lena Luckenbach 1 SS Leslie Lykes SS Marine Progress SS M or mac Elm SS Mormac Fir SS Mormac Mail SS Mormac Mar SS Mormac Owl SS Mormac Penn SS Mormac Wave SS Pioneer Cove SS Pioneer Tide SS Port Adventurer SS Robin Trent SS Sir John Franklin.. SS Sister Katingo SS Steel Architect SS Steel Executive 1 SS Steel Fabricator SS Steel Flyer SS Steel Recorder SS Steel Surveyor SS Steel Worker SS Thompson Lykes SS Transeastern SS United States SS Venore 2 SS Volunteer State SS Wolverine State — ,- 4 7 2 1 7 10 1 4 1 1 25 32 2 27 1 42 27 18 9 1 1 3 1 1 YUGOSLAVIA SS Zelengora.. SS Zenica 2 3 3 2 4 2 1 11 4 3 5 26 ICE AND SEA CONDITION REPORT— Continued [By Country] Vessel Sea con- Ice dition reports reports V, Sea con- Ice dition reports reports U.S. government: COAST GUARD VSCGC Absecon 1 27 USCGC Bibb 19 70 VSCGC Eagle 24 USCGC Casco 6 33 VSCGC Castle Rock.-. 7 26 USCGC Chincoteague.. 13 38 VSCGC Cook Inlet 1 20 USCGC Coos Bay 4 21 USCGC Dwane 1 31 USCGC Escanaba 19 \JSCGC Evergreen 26 454 USCGC //aZ/il/oor?... 3 19 VSCGC Ingham 9 USCGC MacHnac 18 31 USCGC McCulloch 8 33 USCGC Owasco 15 VSCGC Rockaivay 4 31 USCGC Spencer 4 34 USCGC Westwind 2 3 NAVY USS C;iew;a«een 22 USS Lorain County 6 VSS Roy 0. Hale 10 U.S. NAVAL SERVICE (USNS) JJS'SS Blue Jacket 45 USNS Bondm 4 12 USNS Comet 28 VSy:S Eltanin 23 USNS Gez(7er 75 VSyiS Gen. Alex Patch. 54 USNS Gen. Maurice Rose 91 USNS Gen. Simon Buckner 62 USNS Gen. S. H. Gor- don 77 USNS Gen. W. O. Darby 69 USNS Greenville Vic- tory 3 11 VSl^S Lt. R. Craig 6 USNS MzV/aA; 8 9 USNS Pecos 1 USNS Pvt. Francis X. McGraw 1 VS^S Sgt. Kelley 3 47 USNS Taurus 21 USNS Upshur 1 USNS Pom< Barrow;.-- 1 27 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GRAND BANKS REGION, THE LABRADOR SEA AND DAVIS STRAIT IN 1962 ' By Floyd M. Soule, Alfred P. Franceschetti, R. M. O'Hagan and V. W. Driggers (U.S. Coast Guard) For the 1962 field work the USCGC Evergreen was again designated as the oceanographic vessel of the International Ice Patrol. The Evergreen is a 180-foot tender-class cutter and descriptions of the arrangement of the facilities for oceanographic work will be found in earlier bulletins of this series. No significant changes were made either in the laboratory or deck gear or in such vessel characteristics as affect the oceanographic work. Stainless steel wire rope is now being used on both oceanographic winches. The Evergreen departed Argentia, Newfoundland, on 30 March to conduct the first survey of the 1962 season. The survey covered the waters over and immediately seaward of the southern and eastern slopes of the Grand Banks from just westward of the Tail of the Banks northward to the latitude of Flemish Cap. En route to the first oceanographic station, three Richardson current meters were moored along a line roughly normal to the axis of the Labrador Current at about latitude 45°20' N., 50 meters below the surface in water depths of 47.5, 320 and 900 fathoms respectively^ The work of collection of data began on 1 April at station 7951 located off the southwestern slope of the banks and progTessed from south to north without major interruption. On iVpril 13, the final station. No. 8036 was completed and the Evergreen proceeded to Argentia, arriving there on the after- noon of 16 April. The second survey covered the waters over and immediatel}^ seaward of the northeastern slope of the Grand Banks from Flemish Cap northwestward and included an occupation of the Bonavista triangle. The work of collection of data began on 26 April at Flemish Cap and progressed northwestward to the Bonavista triangle, being completed on 5 May at station 8115. Twenty-eight hours were lost on 1 and 2 May while hove to in a gale. Upon completion of this survey, the Evergreen was dispatched to the Tail of the Banks to search for a reported iceberg. After an unsuccessful search the vessel was released for return to Boston, Mass. 1 To be reprinted as contribution No. 1369 in the Collected Reprints of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 29 A third survey similar to the first, and a fourth survey similar to the second were conducted as one survey. The work of collection of data began on 23 May and progressed from south to north to a point north-northwest of Flemish Cap at station 8218 where the survey was temporarily halted while the Evergreen proceeded to St. Johns, Newfoundland. After a 24 hour stay the Evergreen left St. Johns and proceeded to the next station. No. 8219, to complete the fourth survey with a total time loss of 76 hours between the two stations. The survey was completed on 13 June at station 8269, whereupon the Evergreen returned to Boston, Mass. During the course of the thii'd survey the Evergreen diverted from section T to retrieve the moored current meters of which only two were recovered. A postseason survey was planned to include, in addition to the normal occupation of the Bonavista triangle and Labrador Sea section from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to Cape Farewell, Green- land, a longitudinal section through Davis Strait from the Labrador Sea section to southern Baffin Bay with a transverse section in the Labrador Sea from Loks Land to Fyllas Bank and a transverse section in Baffin Bay from Cape Henry Kater to the Nugssuag Peninsula. The Evergreen arrived at the first station. No. 8270, on 9 July and commenced taking oceanographic stations. The Bonavista triangle was completed on 12 July and the Evergreen then proceeded to South Wolf Island where the work of collection of data on the Labrador Sea section was begun at station 8300 on the following day. In addition to the normal work of collecting temperature and salinity data on the Labrador wSea and Davis Strait sections, oxygen determina- tions were made for all depths at all stations occupied excluding surface water, with a total of 1,858 determinations being made using a modification of the Winkler method. A total of 595 water samples were also collected and frozen in 8-ounce polyethylene bottles for the determination of nitrate, nitrite, silicate and phosphate content by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Completion of the Labrador Sea section was accomplished on 17 July with station 8323 at Cape Farewell, Greenland. The Evergreen then proceeded to station 8324 located at 58°04' N., 49°25' W., and began the longitudinal sec- tion. Stations were occupied in a northwest direction to station 8332, located at 62°48' N., 56°15' W^ The Evergreen then interrupted the longitudinal section to run the transverse section from North Foreland on Hall Island off Loks Land near Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, in an easterly direction to station 8349, located near Ravne Island off Godthaab, Greenland. The Evergreen then proceeded to station 8350 located at 63°58' N., 56°52' W. and station occupation was again resumed in a northerly direction to station 8368 located at 69°15' N., 62°45' W. The Evergreen then proceeded to station 8369 located off Cape Henry Kater on Baffin Island and ran the transverse section in an easterly direction to the last station of the survey, No. 30 8386, located off the Nugssuag Peninsula of Greenland. After taking the last station, on 28 July, the Evergreen proceeded to Woods Hole, Mass., arriving on 6 August. Some time was lost because of heavy pack ice off the coast of Baffin Island at Loks Land, Cape Dyer, and Cape Henry Kater but no time was lost due to bad weather. There were some slowdowns because of heavy fog in areas known to contain icebergs and growlers. The oceanographic work was under the supervision of oceanog- rapher Alfred P. Franceschetti who was assisted by Lt. R. M. O'Hagan and Lt. V. W. Driggers. Other assistants in the observa- tional work and reduction of data included R. C. Norris, aerographer's mate chief; F. N. Brown, yeoman first class; R. A. Lindsay, aerog- rapher's mate second class; J. A. Senefelder, aerographer's mate third class and R. F. Hansen, aerographer's mate third class. Temperature and salinity observations were made at each of the 436 stations. At the 87 stations included in the Labrador Sea, Davis Strait and Baffin Ba}^ sections, the observations extended from the surface to as near the bottom as was practicable. At the remaining stations, the observations were limited to the upper 1500 meters. The intended depths of observations in meters, were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and thence by 500 meters intervals. Temperatures were measured with protected deep-sea reversing thermometers, mostly of Richter & Wiese manufacture, but with some manufactured by Xegretti & Zambra, G.^L Manufacturing Co. and Kahl Scientific Instrument Corp. Depths of observation are based on unprotected reversing thermometers made by Richter & Wiese and by Kahl Scientific Instrument Corp. As in previous years, a program of intercomparison of protected thermometers was carried out in the field measurements. The thermometers were used in pairs and one of each pair was shifted periodically so that a given ther- mometer eventually was paired with a number of other thermometers. From a total of 3,019 intercomparisons, the standard deviation between the corrected readings of a pair of protected ther- mometers was ±0.009° C. Of these comparisons, 2,645 involved thermometers having a range of —2° to +8° with a standard devia- tion of ±0.009° C, 294 comparisons between thermometers of range — 2° to +20° or greater gave a standard deviation of ±0.014° C. and 76 comparisons were between thermometers with a range of +3° to + 13° and gave a standard deviation of ±0.007° C. As most of the observed temperatures listed in the Table of Oceanographic Data are means of the corrected readings of a pair of thermometers and as many of the thermometers had recent ice point determinations, it is considered that the tabulated observed temperatures are good to ±0.01° C. 31 In January 1962, the oceanographic unit received an inductive salinometer (Australian salinity bridge) that had been designed by N. L. Brown and B. V. Hamon at Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization in Sydney, Australia, and was constructed by Industria Manufacturing Engineers Pty. Ltd. also in Sydney. Modi- fications were made here to the siphon system to facilitate operation and allow a more thorough flushing of the cell but time did not permit more than a few comparisons to be made between the inductive sali- nometer and the Coast Guard Wenner bridge prior to departing on the Evergreen, in March for the 1962 season of oceanographic work. Additional comparisons were made at sea from duplicate samples taken at random, standardizing the inductive salinometer with Copen- hagen water of batch P29 which was the same technique as was used at Woods Hole. The inductive salinometer performed erratically during all tests with readings drifting and minute bubbles present in the cell. During the middle of May when the Evergreen was in Boston, the inductive salinometer was further modified by the isola- tion of the stirring motor, which had a tendency to overheat, from the cell and a reduction of the impeller speed by approximately 80 percent. This modification eliminated the bubbles but not the drifting. It is believed that the temperature compensation was not adequate for the larger diflferences in temperature between the cell and sample, en- countered under field conditions in the Evergreen, laboratory. As in past years, salinities w^ere predominantly measured with a Wenner salinity bridge. Prior to the beginning of the field work, two check runs were made to verify the calibration cm-ve using samples which had been stored in glass for 2 years after the precise chlorinity determinations made in February 1960. No significant change in the calibration curve was observed. In the field measurements, the bridge was standardized with sea water from an oil-sealed carboy. Copenhagen standard water of batch P29 was measured as unknown twice during each salinity run. At the end of each survey, these Jiieasurements were used to correct the tentative value of the salinity of the oil-sealed carboy which had been used as a substandard of salinity and to determine the corrections to the salinities for the survey. The corrections indicated were as follows: first survey +0.002°/oo; second survey +0.008%o; third survey +0.008%o; fourth survey + 0.002%o; postseason Bonavista triangle -f0.0l8%o; Labrador Sea section +0.002°/oo; the longitudinal section through station 8346 at lOOjn depth — 0.00,%o; and from 150m depth at station 8346 to station 8365 +0.00i%o. Difficulties with the Wenner bridge during the longitudinal section of the postseason survey necessitated the termination of shipboard salinity measurements and the storage of water samples for tlie later detennination of salinity at Woods Hole. As tliere were a limited number of citrate bottles the majority of the samples were stored in some of the polyethylene bottles originally 32 reserved for the collection of samples to be frozen for the later de- termination of nitrate, nitrite, silicate, and phosphate content by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Upon return to Woods Hole, the Wenner bridge was completely overhauled and restandard- ized. Two samples each for salinity were drawn and stored in polyethylene bottles for the 300 meters and 400 meters depths at station 8365 and all depths from station 8366 to the end of the postseason survey. In September the paired samples were run on both the Coast Guard Wenner bridge and the inductive salinometer, all samples being at a room temperature of approximately 25° C. One polyethylene bottle did not hold sufficient water for measurements to be made on both the Wenner bridge and the inductive salinometer so that the comparisons of salinities between both instruments were based entirely on samples of the same water stored in different bottles. Both instruments were standardized with the same carboy water and on this basis the induc- tive salinometer averaged 0.0035°/oo lower than the Wenner bridge and had a standard deviation of 0.019%o. Thus with the samples apparently at temperatiu-e equilibrium and a relatively warm room temperature the performance of the inductive salinometer was far superior to that when at sea on the Evergreen. Samples that were loo fresh for the Wenner bridge (excluding two relatively fresh samples that were measured on the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutions Wenner bridge) were measured on the inductive salinometer. The values of salinity for the remainder of the samples stored in poly- ethylene bottles were determined by averaging the values obtained from both the Wenner bridge and the inductive salinometer. Sea water stored in polyethylene bottles such as those used by this unit undergoes changes arising from the permeability of the poly- ethjdene walls. R. A. Cox (1954),^ using pure water, has shown poly- ethylene to be permeable to water, whereas V. Romano vsky (1954),^ using sea water, indicated that the permeability was to the solution. A third point of view is that under field conditions the exterior of the bottle would become contaminated with salt water; these salts on the exterior of the bottle, under conditions of a high relative humidity, might create an osmotic effect which could result in either a concentra- tion or a dilution of the sample inside. In the absence of more def- inite information and in the light of observations by Cox and Roman- ovsky, we consider that mean changes in the salinity of our samples stored in polyethylene bottles were of the order of twice the variation between the pair of samples measured at the end of the 2 months, storage period. Since the standard deviation of the pairs is ± 0.019°/oo ■ Roland A. Cox, Water Transmission of Polythene Bottles, Journal Du Conseil International Pour L' Exploration De La Mer, Vol. XIX, No. 3, 1954, 19, p. 297-300. 3 V. Romanovsky, Conservation Des Echantillons D'Eau De Mer Dans Des Flacons En Polyethylene, Travaux Du Centre De Recherches Et D' Etudes Oceanographiques, Vol. 1, No. 12, December 1954, p. 1-3. 33 we propose an uncertainty in salinity of 0.04 %© for these tabulated values. Necessary corrections liave been applied to the tabulated values appearing in the Table of Oceanographic Data and have been con- sidered in the construction of the dynamic topographic charts. Temperature control of the samples in the electrolytic cells of the Coast Guard's Wenner bridge limit the precision of the individual measurements to 0.005°/oo. In view of the precise chlorinity deter- minations of February 1960 and the check runs on the calibration curve, it would appear that the salinities measured with the Coast Guard Wenner bridge were measured with an accuracy of about ±0.005%o. Dissolved oxygen determinations were conducted as in 1961 accord- ing to the method described by Jacobsen, J. P., et al.* as modified slightly by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.^ Samples for dissolved oxygen were taken at all levels except the surface at stations 8300 through 8378 and at all levels, including the surface, at stations 8379 through 8386. Xansen type water bottles with teflon- coated interiors were used for sampling, with the exception of the 591 meter level at station 8307 where a silver-lined Nansen bottle was used. The samples were chemically treated and stored until analysis in ISO-milliliter glass bottles for stations 8300 through 8352, 8355, 8360, 8364, and 8368; 275-millihter glass bottles were used for the remainder of the stations. The sodium thiosulfate solution was standardized daily with a previously prepared potassium bi-iodate solution. Aliquot samples of tlie treated sea water were withdrawn by a 50-ml automatic pipette and titrations were made with a 10-nd burette. The precision is generally considered to be ±0.03 ml/liter; however values marked ? in the tables are somewhat questionable and the dissolved oxygen content for tliese values is considered to be accurate only to ±0.10 ml/liter. Saturation values were determined from the nomograms of Richards and C^orwin," which is based on the oxygen saturation values of Truesdale, et al.^ Since this nomogram is constructed for a minimum temperature of only 0° C, it was necessary to extrapolate the nomo- gram for the many negative temperatures found. Some personnel of the W^oods Hole Oceanographic Institution now question the validity of Truesdale's values and believe the tables prepared by Fox^ to be * Jacobsen, T. P., Hex J. Robinson and Thomas G. Thompson. A review of the determination of dis- solved oxygen in sea water by tiie Winlcler method, t'nion Oeodes. et Geopliys. Int., Assoc d'Oceanog. Phys., Pub. Scientif. No. 11, 1950. 5 Personal communication from Dayton E. Carritt. « Richards, Francis A. and Nathaniel Corwin. Some oceanographic applications of recent determinations of the solubility of oxygen in sea water. Limnol. and Oceanog., Vol. 1, pp. 263-267, 1956. 7 Truesdale, G. A., A. L. Downing and O. F. Lowden. The solubility of oxygen in pure water and sea water. J. Appl. Chem. Vol. 5(2), pp. 53-62, 1955. ' Fox, C. J. J. On the coefficients of absorption of nitrogen and oxygen in distilled water and sea water and of atmospheric carbonic acid in sea water. Faraday Soc. Trans. Vol. 5, pp. 68-87, 1909. 34 closer to the true values. As a basis for comparison, the oxygen solubilities for the Labrador-Greenland section were determined by botli the nomogram of Kalle/ which is based on the solubility values of Fox, and the nomogram of Richards and Corwin. Percent saturation values obtained by both methods were plotted for the section profile; although the absolute values differed, the relative picture remained essentially unchanged. Since more definitive solubility information concerning this controversy is lacking and furthermore since 1961 oxygen solubilities were based on the Truesdale et al. data, all oxygen solubilities for 1962 are likewise based on Truesdale, et al. data. Figures 19 tln'ough 23 show chronologically the dynamic topography found during the four surveys made during the season and the post- season occupation of tlie Bonavista triangle. As in past 3^ears the reference surface used was that of 1,000 decibars. The topography found during the first survey, figure 19, shows a well defined Labrador Current for the full length of the surveyed area, with a westward set onto the Banks south of 44° N. The higher dynamic heights at stations 7988 through 7993 are caused by the lower salinity water found there. South of the Grand Banks the survey does not extend far enough west to define the longitude where the Labrador Current curves south and eastward. Cold mixed water extends southward to about the southern limit of the survey near 49° W. An intrusion of warmer Atlantic Current water into the area of mixed water at 44° N., 47°30' W., is to be noted. Eastward of this, at about 46°30' W., a narrow tongue of colder mixed water extends southward beyond 43° N. At the eastern edge of the surveyed area the northwestern margin of the Atlantic Current turns eastward at about 45° N. Figure 20, representing conditions found during the second survey, shows approximately average heights at Cape Bonavista and at the offshore corner of the Bonavista triangle (stations 8086 and 8115). The axis of the Laborador Current, however, is not as far offshore as is usual in the triangle. Characteristically, the Labrador Current bends sharply southward just west of the channel between the Grand Banks and Flemish Cap. Very little relief in the surface topography is to be found in the northeastern part of the surveyed area. The pattern found along the southwestern leg of the Bonavista triangle appears normal for this area at this time of the year. Bergs entering from the northwest betw^een about longitudes 50° and 51°50' W., would most likely be carried by the eastern branch of the Labrador Current into the southern section. 9 Kalle, Kurt. Kinige Verbesserungen ziir Bostimmung des gelosten Sauerstoffs in Meerwasser. Annalen der Hydrogr. Vol. 67, pp. 267-269, 1939. 35 53° 52° 51° 50° 49° 48' Figure 19. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1000-decibar surface, from data collected 1-13 April 1962. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 36 o c '~t , , . o o > o a c r ,'^ Tj O O o rr, o ■f. ;^^ o a a O bJD o 37 53° 52° 50° 49° 48° 47° 46° 45° 44° Figure 21. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1000-decibar surface from data collected 23 May-3 June 1962. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. 38 39 Figure 23. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1000-decibar surface from data collected 9-12 July 1962. Oceanographic station positions are indicated and the station numbers given at turning points. In figure 21, drawn from data collected during the third survey, the Labi'ador Current is less well defined than during the first survey. There is considerable meandering onto and off of the eastern edge of the Grand Banks, with progressive losses of Labrador CiUTent water through recurvature eastward. The double reversal of direction of the western margin of the Labrador CiUTent in the vicinity of 45° N., 49° W., is abnormal and the tongue of higher dynamic heights extend- ing southward along the 49th meridian indicates the remnants of the low^er salinity w^ater found in this vicinity in the first survey. In the 40 southern part of the surveyed area the westward extension of Labrador Current flow has moved eastward to about the western hniits of the survey. The margin of the Athintic Current shows some strengthen- ing and the tongue of cold mixed water which previously extended southward at about 49° W., is seen to be somewhat east of that longitude and very nearly obliterated in the third survey. The meander pattern along the margin of the Atlantic Current in the eastern half of the surveyed area has moved northeastward and smoothed out since the first survey. The dynamic topography found during the fourth survey is shown in figure 22. There appears to be little change between conditions observed during the fourth survey and those found during the second survey. The Labrador Cm'rent follows essentially the same path with approximately the same magnitudes, except that in the vicinity of 48° N., 48° W. there appears to be less banding than was found during the second survey. The dynamic topography showed little relief in the northeastern part of the area during both the second and fourth siu-veys. Icebergs entering from the northwest and crossing the 49th parallel east of 52°45' W. would follow the eastern branch of the Labrador Current and those crossing east of about 49°35' \Y. would probably be diverted eastward and not get south of 47° N. Figure 23 represents the dynamic topography of the Bonavista triangle found during the postseason survey. The slight irregularities in the Labrador Current in the northwestern section, indicated as eddies in figures 20 and 22, have disappeared, leaving the remarkably simple pattern shown in figure 23. During each of the thi-ee occu- pations of the Bonavista triangle in 1962 the division between eastern and western branches of the Labrador Current occurred closer to the Newfoundland coast than usual. In the Grand Banks region the temperature-salinity relationships of both the Labrador Current and the Atlantic Current identify them as water masses. Here the mixing of these two masses is usually in a sufhciently constant proportion so that the mixed water may be con- sidered a virtual water mass. The solid lines in figure 24 represent the 1962 T-S averages based on observations made during the first and third surveys; the dashed lines illustrate the normals for the 15-year period 1948-62. In 1962 the temperature minimum in the Labrador Current occiu'red at a depth of approximately 50 meters whereas the normal depth of this minimum is more nearly 75 meters. Also, the Labrador Current water was warmer than normal through 600 meters. The salinities were greater than normal through 100 meters, and the corresponding densities were slightly heavier than normal; at 150 meters and below, the salinities and densities were less than normal. The Atlantic Current was fresher and colder than nonnal, but the resultant densities showed hardly any change from the normal. The mixed water mass was warmer than normal; down 695-672 0-64-4 41 TEMPERATURE • c •• ») N 0 T * ■\ \ \ in n \^ \ \ \\ 1 i in lO ' \'^ \\'v s \ ^ lO \ \ "^ N \ \ in O \ \ cZQ: V \^^" „,/ K 8 "^ ^ ^ r-; ri lO 00 \ \ \ \ 7^ h g-\\ \ ' lO \ \ ^ "^ H^ sVrf \ lO (0 \ \ \ 5 ^ \\ \ in \ \ \ 1 r ?\ \ f*^ * lO • \ \ c \ 1 \ z 5« i 0 t \ u i VI|\ 5* lO \ X V 5 e- K "\\ if \ ^ n \ ^ \ "^sl '^ KV'. li < lO o \ \ / 1 \ 1 i ^ 'K\^ lO 0> \ ^ \ \ \ Si lO lO oo \ \ ^ \ \ \ \ \ ^ lO m \ \ \, n (0 (0 z < < bi bi \ \, ^ \ \\ r- IQ m S 5 at lAi ~ >■ \ J \ \ "~^ fO i2 n z - -J ui o z 0 z 40 2 s \ \ l-jj lO lO \ \ \ X S lO CD \ \ 1 S 42 to 300 meters it was more saline and of greater density. More stations in the third sm-vey than the first survey were considered atypical and thus were excluded from the averaging process. The Labrador Current through 150 meters was colder and fresher on the third survey (May) than on the first survey (April) ; conversely for the same two surveys the Atlantic Current at all depths examined was warmer and generally saltier on the third survey. As operational requirements have permitted, dynamic topographic surveys have been adjusted to include the reoccupation of certain sections across the Labrador Current from South Wolf Island, Labrador, to the southern slope of the Grand Banks. For each such occupation the temperature and velocity structure of the Labrador Current have been examined and the volume transport, mean tem- perature, heat transport and minimum observed temperature have been recorded. As these data have accumulated, estimates of tentative normal seasonal variation relationships have been made and published from time to time. The location of these sections, their designations and the most recently published tentative normals are as follows: South Wolf Island, extending 045° T from South Wolf Island, Labrador (normals published in Bulletin No. 44 of this series) ; sections NW., SW., and SE., forming the northwestern, southwestern, and southeastern sides of the Bonavista triangle having corners at Cape Bonavista, 50° N., 49° W., and 47°24' N., 50° W. (new normals shown in figure 25 of this bulletin) ; section H, parallel to and about 40 miles southeasterly of section SE. (normals shown in fig. 26 of this bulletin); section G, extending northeasterly from about 47°10' N., 48°40 W. (new normals shown in fig. 26 of this bulletin); section F2, an east-west section between the Grand Banks and Flemish Cap along the parallel of 47°15' N. (normals shown in fig. 27 of this bulletin); section F, similar to section F2 but about 30 miles farther south (new normals shown in fig. 27 of this bulletin) ; section T, extending southeasterly from about 46°20' IS., 49°00' W. ; section U, extending easterly from the Grand Banks at about 45° N.; section W, extending southerly from the Grand Banks at about 50°15' W. (normals for sections T, U, and W published in Bulletin No. 46 of this series). The normals shown in figures 25, 26, and 27 were derived by taking an average value (in which each year represented was given equal weight) plotted against its mean date as one point on the normal curve which was drawn as a straight line whose slope was taken as the average slope derived from years having two or more occupations of the particular section. Individual occupations are identified by the last two digits of the year of the observations and are shown to indicate the variation from year to year. It should be explained that the term "heat transport," as used here and in previous bulletins of this series, is the simple product of in-situ temperature and volume transport obtained from the summation 43 25 fe' s n te e f S— 1 S O 5 s ??j ^ ^ t\j l^ % R V 0 ir 1 n; -) o %VOL IN EAST BRANCH S s S t } T 0 vl c 3 (\ ^ 1 s5^ 3 ? i f* ^ § ^. D Jd' ^^ ;- n KM ■0 in s IC V ^_ 1 ^ T 0 ^J C J 0 ^ fee 1 'fo'ti o 5 UJ ^ Q s N ^ i^ s 4 § < i^ ^ VOLJVE TRANSPORT "sS Ss^ MEAN TEMP MIN OBS TEMP 44 SECTION H M J SECTION G A M J J AVE I JUNE 4.I0+.36/M0 AVE 1 JUNE 3.52-.18/M0 o UJ q: < UJ AVE I JUNE 1.91 +.66/M0 AVE I JUNE 1.92 +.31 /MO AVE I JUNE -I.28+.I2/M0 AVE I JUNE -I.28+.I0/M0 Figure 26.— Tentative normal seasonal change in volume transport, mean temperature and minimum observed temperature of the Labrador Current at sections H and G. 45 SECTION Fp M J AVE I JUNE 2.84 + .I3/M0 5- ,58 ^55 o59 56o 54„ SECTION F M J ,54 52' 6L yf o59 nSL. ,62 o59 :56— ^60 51^58 61 --585-7- 53' ^' 61 'o o5l 54 '5^^ 60 f52. AVE I JUNE 3.26+.08/M0 ^ 2 Q- < Ll) o6l / 5? / o5l / y ,54 i)5„ /< 53 058 <; o56 b 055 o60 ,61 1 '*b2 o54 AVE I JUNE 1.94 +.50/M0 AVE I JUNE 1.95 +.32 /MO o Q. g-l I- co m o o58 ,52 elUo 6? 5^^ 62 0 \5I o55_^ o53 06I 59° ,54 o54 '^56 AVE I JUNE -I.I 8 -.02 /MO AVE I JUNE -I.27-I2/M0 Figure 27. — Tentative normal seasonal change in volume transport, mean temperature and minimum observed temperature of the Labrador Current at sections F2 and F. 46 WE/iM WEST GREENLAND CURRENT FROM SUM OF mean' components MARCH APRIL JULY AUGUST SEPT 35r 054 MEAN IRMINGER CURRENT COMPONENT OF WEST GREENLAND CURRENT 58 60 O O^ M28 P .o^^-^ 6|0 o55^^^ q,659 '31 ME 35 0-, 36, G28 Oj 39^056 .^'^034 o53_ ■>52 49^ ,0 o v48 MARCH APRIL JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPT ME35 59r 53o O" ^36 52^ 1^ o5l ^50 58^ 54 33, O 062 G28 Oj 49^61 ^P ■>54 MEAN EAST GREENLAND CURRENT COMPONENT OF WEST GREENLAND CURRENT 550 Q4I 350^ 6O0 34 O M28 J9 Figure 28. — Tentative normal seasonal change in volume transport of the West Greenland Current off Cape Farewell, Greenland and its Irminger Current and East Greenland Current components computed from assumed constant mean temperatures of these components. 47 of products of elemental graphically determined areas of cross section enclosed between two isotherms and two lines of equal velocity multi- plied by the average velocity in this elemental area and by the average temperature in the elemental area. The first two factors give an elemental volume transport and their summation gives a figure for the volume transport across the section. To reduce the effect of planimeter errors arising from the measurement of small areas a figure for the mean temperature is obtained by dividing the summation of area times velocity times temperature by the summation of area times velocity. The figure thus obtained for mean temperature is then used to multiply the best value of volume transport to obtain the heat transport. It has been considered that this best value of volume transport is obtained from computations of the difference between the second depth integrals of specific volume at the stations near the current boundaries, adjusted by graphicall}^ determined transports between these station verticals and the appropriate zero velocity lines. Thus both the mean temperature and the heat transport figures dealt with here do not take into account gain or loss of heat at the water-air interface, the heat of fusion from melting or formation of ice or the heat of compression involved in any vertical component of water motions. It is pointed out, however, that the vertical component of velocity is small compared with the horizontal component, that during the part of the year covered by these observations the seasonal warm- ing of the surface produces a thin layer of large and increasing stability which layer protects the bulk of the Labrador Current from heat exchange with the atmosphere and that the heat of fusion associated with the melting of ice principally affects this surface layer even in the case of large bergs where the disintegration proceeds most rapidly at the surf line and on the air-exposed surface. For the Labrador Current during the summertime, then, the mean temperature and heat transport, derived as explained above, are considered usefully to approximate conservative properties. At the Bonavista triangle the volume transport entering the triangle usually differs from the volume transport leaving the triangle. Similar discrepancies occur with heat transport. Some of these discrepancies may be the result of time changes, inasmuch as about 3 days are required to complete the observations. There is also the possibility that there may be transfers across the reference surface of 1,000 deci- bars. In figure 25 the volume transport shown as "mean triangle" is the mean of the volume transports entering and leaving the triangle. Similarly, the mean temperature shown for the mean triangle is the mean of the heat transports entering and leaving the triangle divided by the mean volmne transport. Bearing in mind that true normal seasonal variation relationships must be curvilinear, and that the tentative normals presented here as 48 straight line approximations for only a fraction of the whole year are still on a rather shaky foundation, one should be careful not to draw from them conclusions that are statistically unwarranted. It is, nevertheless, interesting to note that throughout the summer season covered by the tentative normals shown in figure 25 the volume trans- port leaving the Bonavista triangle across sections SW. and SE. exceed the volume transport entering the triangle across section NW. by 0.3 to 0.4 million cubic meters per second, and that this discrepancy increases from April through July. Normal barometric charts for these months indicate in this vicinity a geostrophic \nnd vector which swings from being directed toward about 097° T with a weak gradient in April to approximately 058° T wdth a much stronger gradient in July. Thus a possibility exists that normally during this part of the year there is an upwelling in the vicinity of the Bonavista triangle. A qualitative confirmation may be deduced from considering that the temperature at the 1,000-decibar surface is warmer than that at shallower levels and that the excess of heat transport leaving the tri- angle over that entering the triangle is greater than the product of excess volume transport multiplied by normal mean temperature. The seasonal change in the normal barometric pressure distribution has been called upon to explain the seasonal change in the number of bergs making the southward passage between the Grand Banks and Flemish Cap (see p. 66 of Bulletin No. 39 of this series). As the season advances, more and more bergs are diverted eastward and northeastward instead of making the southward passage. At both the South Wolf Island section and at the Bonavista triangle the volume transport normally increases as the season advances. For sections T, U, and W, located south of the latitude of Flemish Cap, the volume transport normally decreases as the season advances. At section H, figure 26 shows a seasonal increase in volume transport. At sections G, F2, and F, however, the sign of the seasonal change in volume transport is not well established as may be seen from the plot of individ- ual points in figures 26 and 27. While the montlily rates of change have been computed as —.18, +.13, and +.08, respectively, for these sections, additional observations could very well change both their signs and magnitudes. When it is remembered that the bulk of the transport is below the depth where seasonal warming can directly affect the Labrador Cur- rent, the consistent seasonal increase in its mean temperature during the summer season must find its explanation in seasonal changes in the amounts of water along its margins which move as part of the current, and in changes in velocity distribution between the cold inshore part and the warmer offshore part. This principle was em- ployed in Bulletin No. 35 (pp. 83-85) of this series to explain the steep seasonal increase in mean temperature of the West Greenland Current off Cape Farewell. It was assumed that at this section the West 49 Greenland Current was made up of an East Greenland Current com- ponent having a constant mean temperature of 3.2° and an Irminger Current component having a constant mean temperature of 5.5°. While the mean temperatures of the components probably are not constant and their means may differ from these values, the method gives a first approximation which is useful in studying the changes at this section, both seasonal and year to year. In figure 28 the similar figure shown in Bulletin No. 35 has been brought up-to-date presenting, on these assumptions, a curvilinear representation of the tentative normal seasonal variation in the volume transport of the West Greenland Current and its components at this section, consider- ing the occupation by Meteor in March 1935, that of Godthaab in May 1928, that of Marion in September 1928 and all occupations by General Greene and Evergreen at various dates from June to August during 8 different years from 1931 to 1941 and 15 different years from 1948 to 1962. Figure 29 is a schematic representation of the normal circulation as of 1 July in terms of volume transport deduced from the tentative normal seasonal variation relationships discussed above. The broken line indicating the offshore recurvature southeastward of 1.6 million cubic meters per second of the West Greenland Current passing the Cape Farewell section neglects any exchange through Hudson Strait or the northern openings to Baffin Bay. It also neglects any net vertical transfer across the reference surface. Losses from and gains to the volume transport of the Labrador Current have been deduced from consideration of the differences in mean temperature and in vol- ume transport from section to section. At the Bonavista triangle the values for the mean triangle have been used, thus neglecting any possible upwelling in the triangle. One consequence of this is to call upon the Gulf of St. Lawrence for a net outflow through the Strait of Belle Isle of 0.4 to make up the difference between the volume transport passing the South Wolf Island section and that passing the Bonavista triangle. If the individual sections of the triangle were used instead of the mean triangle the difference required from the Strait of Belle Isle would be only 0.2. Between sections U and W the decrease in volume amounts to about a million cubic meters per second. The thermal alteration which occurs between these sections is so marked, however, as to indicate some larger loss by recurvature, with a partial replacement by much warmer water from the area south- eastward of the Tail of the Banks. The volume of this replacement has been estimated as 1 million cubic meters per second for the purpose of constructing figure 29 in which question marks indicate this estimation. 50 60** 60*' 40° Figure 29. — Schematic representation of normal circulation on 1 July. Numerals indicate volume transport in units of m^x lO^sec. 51 0000 Oi^cOC^'^Ol^ fO^'-'C^I o-^^ioioio ,--CC^H^ >00« .-»OtO'*J*'^'» oo^cccc -ooococo 00 •-< r>. lo (>i O O -^ — ' ^' ^ O w ■^(ji .- PO r- -*** t^ ci oi O O O 00 iM r^ O OOC CO -^ a:; — ' o-— lodicco C0CCCM»O OO'-'OC) CO Oco •*»* « O CO' ^ aiioc*3»o r^for^oi«Dr^as oooo ooooooo oooo ++++ ++ I + I I + +++ I O^ OiiOCCCCOOO •^»-'Tpe O r-. '.Jt ^ (N ,— O O -^ O OOOOOO OOOO o no o lOOCOOOOCOCO 00 lO o> -tt* lO 00 ■^ ^ OOfO O C^ •-' CO CO CO CO -^ CO >—< »-< CM CO O M CO CO ^ C4 CM ^H CO CO '^ o I I I I II III MM Mill II I I o-ioo rt -;_;-; ^ -4 o 111+ II r I I II . ^ -^ r^ ^ O oooo ooooooo oooo I +++ II ++ I + I ++ II »OOC^^ C^OtCOOt^Cft MOOC^O COOOCJOCC Cl^t-io OOOOOO oooo I I I ++ I 111 + •^lOCC^ ^OOI^^OsOi ) 00 ICUO ash-CO Oib-OCOCOOi^ CD'n<00'<«< CMCDiOOCOCM cO OS CO 00 .-H lO O "O Of-iOCOOCMCD CO ^ C OO^O OOCMOOOO -io^o I +++ + I ++ I + I ++4- I r-..- OOOiW^OOt^ r^OcDCM ^ CO C^ ^ b- ic co-^cor CDCD'^r^t-t^i-i CMOOOiCO 00*OCOCM'*<00 OiCOt COOCOffOCOCMCo" COCMCOCO COOCO^COCM cooco^ o >. o E E o -^CO^O Oi CO OS 00 -^ OS CO CO'^M'OO OSOt^i-iOt CO Tf ■* O CO Oi »C CO O ^C ^ CO ci CM O "^ l^ ^ O CO CO o CO u:i -^ Tji 'WJ ^^' wg I^tiiZlcccoKOfcH^S^cC'CCcc 52 60° 50° 40° 60° 50° 40° Figure 30. — Schematic representation of circulation deduced from sections occupied in 1962. Numerals indicate volume transport in units of m^ x 10%ec. 53 During the 1962 season and postseason surveys there were 25 reoccupations of the sections across the Labrador Current for which tentative seasonal normals have been published. A summary of the results of the analyses of these data is presented in table II and the volume transports have been shown schematically in figure 30. Volume transports have been given in millions of cubic meters per second, mean temperature and minimum observed temperatures in degrees C. and heat transports in millions of cubic meter degrees C. per second. Similar units will be understood without redesignation in the following discussion. In the construction of figure 30, as in the case of figure 29, the changes in mean temperature from section to section have been considered in the estimates of whether losses and gains in volume transport were associated with the inshore or offshore margins of the Labrador Current. At the Bonavista triangle the volume transport anomaly decreased from +1.1 during the second survey to —.3 during the fourth and postseason surveys. In spite of this, however, the volume transport of the Labrador Current in the area north of 47° N., taken as a whole, showed an increasing positive anomaly during the second and fourth surveys ( + .4 and +.7). The average anomaly of volume transport for the area south of 47° N. remained about the same ( + .5 and +.6) during the first and third surveys. The anomaly of mean temperature at the Bonavista triangle dropped from +.24° to —.31° from the second to the fourth surveys and showed a slight recovery to —.22° during the postseason occupation. For the area north of 47° N., the average anomaly of mean tempera- ture was small, changing from +.03° during the second survey to — .09° during the fourth survey. For the area south of this latitude the average anomaly changed from +.21° during the first survey to — .10° during the third survey. The coldest part of the Labrador Current, as indicated by the minimum observed temperature, was generally warmer than normal with a preponderance of positive anomalies shown in table II. Also there was a general increase in these positive anomalies between suc- cessive occupations of individual sections. One notable exception was section W where the anomaly changed from +.65° at the time of the first survey, to —.04° during the third survey. Figure 31 shows the location of the oceanographic stations occupied during the postseason survey and the limits of the sea ice encountered off Loks Land and in the western part of Baffin Bay. The 600-meter and 1,000-meter isobaths in the vicinity of Davis Strait also have been showti. Figure 32 shows the dynamic topography of the sea surface found during the postseason survey, using a 1,500-decibar reference surface. In the absence of a network of stations, figure 32 must be considered to be little more than a schematic representation of the surface circulation. As indicated in figure 30 the volume trans- 54 Figure 31. — Location of oceanographic stations occupied during postseason survey 9-28 July 1962. Limits of sea ice encountered are indicated. 55 Figure 32. — Dynamic topography of the sea surface relative to the 1500-decibar surface from data collected 9-28 July 1962. Oceanographic station positions are indicated. 56 port of the West Greenland Current off Cape Farewell was found to be 6.1 during the postseason survey. This was made up of an East Greenland Current component of 3.3 and an Irminger Current com- ponent of 2.8. In comparison with the seasonal normals shown in figure 28 the total volume transport was 0.4 greater than normal, the excess being supplied by the East Greenland Current component while the Irminger Current component was normal. The mean tempera- ture of 4.26° was nearly normal and the heat transport of 25.95 was 1.43 above normal. The net volume transport across the section above 1,500 decibars, from the beach at South Wolf Island, Labrador, to the beach at Cape Farewell, Greenland, was computed as 1.5 northwesterly. By running a longitudinal section from the Labrador Sea across Davis Strait ridge into BafRn Bay it was hoped to derive the volume transport of the westward branching of the West Greenland Current south of Davis Strait and the eastward branching of the Baffin Land Current north of Davis Strait. It was also hoped that the section from Loks Land to Fyllas Bank would give, on its western side, the sum of the volume transport of the Baffin Land Current transiting Davis Strait plus the contribution from the West Greenland Current ; and on its eastern side the West Greenland Current prior to loss from westward branching. Similarly it was hoped that the section from Cape Kater to the Nugssuak Peninsula in Baffin Bay would give the volume transports of the Baffin Land Current prior to loss from eastward branching and the West Greenland Current transiting Davis Strait plus the contribution from the Baffin Land Current. Such a concept of the current pattern in the vicinitj^ of Davis Strait is prob- ably an oversimplification of the characteristic pattern. With the saddle depth of the threshold in Davis Strait of the order of 700 meters or less, the bathymetry may be expected to have a pronounced effect on the current pattern. The bathymetry, while not known in detail, is not simple and the banks along the Greenland shelf south of Davis Strait no doubt add to the complexities of the characteristic circulation pattern. The surface currents sketched in figure 32 suggest a complicated pattern. Using the same reference surface the resulting volume transports cannot be reconciled. Thus, the West Greenland Current at the Fyllas Bank section has a volume transport of 0.9, its westward branching crossing the longitudinal section south of Davis Strait amounts to 0.5 leaving, by difference, 0.4 transiting Davis Strait into Baffin Bay where it would be joined by 1.6 representing the east- ward branching of the Baffin Land Current north of Davis Strait for a total of 2.0 ; yet the northward flow past the section off the Nugssuak Peninsula is only 0.5. A similar discrepancy is apparent if volume transports along the Baffin Island side are considered. Here the Baffin Land Current off Cape Kater was 2.2 of which 1.6 branched 695-672 0-64-5 57 eastward north of Davis Strait leaving a difference of 0.6 to transit Davis Strait into the Labrador Sea and this, added to the 0.5 which branched westward from the West Greenhmd Current across the longitudinal section south of Davis Strait, would make a total of 1.1 instead of the 3.8 found as the Labrador Current off Loks Land. Among the possible reasons for these discrepancies is the treatment as synoptic, the series of observations which extended over a period of more than 2 weeks. It is considered, however, that the major source of trouble is that the reference surface used was not motionless. Farther south in the Labrador Sea a reference surface of 1,500 decibars has been found to approximate a reasonably motionless surface. It is probable that the motionless surface in Baffin Bay is not the same and that it has pronounced relief in the proximity of Davis vS trait on both sides of the ridge. Figures 33 through 36 show the temperature distribution along the South Wolf Island-Cape Farewell section, the longitudinal section across Davis Strait ridge, the Loks Land-Fyllas Bank section and the Cape Kater, Xugssuak Peninsula section in sequence. The South Wolf Island-Cape Farewell section has been occupied in a number of different years and we may compare this occupation with the 15-year average, 1948-62. For this comparison an average temperature and an average salinity is computed for the intermediate water using all observations from depths between 450 and 1,750 meters at stations offshore of the peripheral, currents. For the deep water, scaled values have been used for each station at each of the levels, 2,000, 2,500, 3,000 and 3,500 meters. Characterized in this manner the 1962 occupation shows the following comparison with average values: Temperature Potential temperature Salinity 1962 Average 1962 Average 1962 Average Intermediate water . .. 3.41 3.14 2.86 2.39 1.90 3.33 3.20 2.88 2.41 1.91 34. 854 34. 888 34. 905 34. 884 34. 90o 34. 869 2,000 meters 2. 98 2. 66 2.15 1.62 3.04 2.66 2.16 1.63 34.918 2,500 meters..- 3,000 meters 34.924 34.916 3,500 meters... 34.903 Figure 33 shows a smaller than normal area of intermediate water and it appears to be somewhat warmer than usual. The 2,000-meter level is sliglitly colder than average and the deeper levels are essentially at average temperatures. Because of the small number of stations as deep as 3,500 meters the values for this level are not considered to be representative of the section. The salinities are less than average and the densities are, in general, less than average by about 0.02 in at- The temperature inversion which results in a slight temperature maximum layer between about 1,500 and 2,000 meters was less pro- nounced than usual. From this section it can be traced northward 58 METERS DEPTH 59 METERS DEPTH 8324? ^ £3 o OJ Q H < CD ', ro *^ ^ 7 -■ CO / W / W / P 1 o OS pq PI pq -a J3 >> T3 Pi O Pm 60 METERS DEPTH O o O o O IT) 8349:? 8343 § 83331 61 8386 8377 METERS DEPTH 2 o o in J L 8369 62 METERS DEPTH 63 KCTERS DEPTH 8368r 8350| 83325 8315 J. J^ ll_ 64 METERS "DEPTH 8349 S 8343 8333,o a a 03 C3 o O a T) bO o T3 >> 65 METERS DEPTH O O O O O \Q ± L 8386S1 8377S 8369^! 66 ^ETERS DEPTH o 03 c i ki o O -a ^ 0) 0) > f5 o rn 03 03 •a ta o 03 a 03 e U o -fj 3 ^ a P o 67 68 METERS DEPTH OS m a iB pq C 03 O o3 03 O . 0) X > C k^ o -c -t-i c n c3 ^ C ff) 03 n rt) H- 1 1 c lO 5E ■* OJ Ed CQ « C3 a f=^ 71 METERS DEPTH 9. o 9. O O lO 8349 8343 8333 flj '-'•' I- a; (M M I o 03 (U a :2 .2 o Qj ^ "2 C c a) X c O o3 0) C 03 C 03 QCQ 72 METERS DEPTH o o o o O \D 8386S 8377 8369 CO 695-672 0-64-6 73 METERS DEPTH O o O lO 8386 8377 8369 a 00 0) IN 74 in the longitudinal section (fig. 34) about to station 8328, north of which it rises abruptly to become associated with one of the westward branchings of the West Greenland Current. In the Loks Land- Fyllas Bank section (fig. 35) the warm water associated with the West Greenland Current, with a temperature greater than 4°, extends as a band centered at about 500 meters almost completely across the section. Figure 36 shows only a remnant of West Greenland Current with a temperature greater than 3° on the Greenland shelf. A much larger cross section, however, is enclosed by the 1° isotherm. Before leaving the temperature sections we wish to note the manner in which the 2° isothern closely parallels the slope of the bottom in figures 33 and 34. Figures 37 through 40 show the salinity distribution along the same four sections for which the temperature distribution has been presented above. In figure 37 the highest salinities are found in the core of the Irminger Current component of the West Greenland Current, with a maximum of 35.04°/oq. The area of salinity greater than 34.90 spreads downward and seaward producing a deep salinity maximum layer at about 2,500 meters. This is interrupted at station 8315, although it usuallj- extends as a continuous layer to the vicinity of the Labrador side of the section. The swifter currents in the upper layers are approximately normal to the South Wolf Island-Cape Farewell section with both the West Greenland Current and the Labrador Current having relatively cold and fresh water shoreward and relatively warm and saline w^ater making up the seaward margins of the current. Also, along the offshore margin of the West Green- land Current the adjacent water of the central Labrador Sea, while not as warm as the warm core of the Irminger Current component of the West Greenland Current, is warmer than the inshore part of the West Greenland Current. Thus there is a possibility of adjacent waters of differing T-S characteristics within a constant density surface mixing to produce a slightly denser mixed water, and this possibility exists, not only along the offshore margin of the warm saline part of the peripheral currents but also to a lesser degree along the steep horizontal gradients of temperature and salinitj^ within the peripheral currents. Figure 38 shows the same downward and seaward spreading of this salinity maximum layer from the westward branching of the West Greenland Current at the southern end of Davis Strait. Figure 39 is not as definite but the salinity maximum layer is identifiable. In figure 40 there seems to be some indication of downward mixing along the Baffin Island side. As noted in Bulletin No. 47 (1961 season) of this series, while all of tlie oxygen values found in the Labrador Sea are high, the higher values are associated with cold parent water masses and the lower oxygen values are associated with warm parent water masses. Thus 75 in figure 41 an oxygen minimum layer corresponds in position with the sahnity maximum layer derived from the warm Irminger Current component of the West Greenland Current. Similarly, in figure 43 the correspondence between the oxygen minimum layer in the Labrador Sea and the salinity maximum layer shown in figure 38 is even more striking. This correspondence is no longer evident in the Loks Land section (fig. 45), but reference to figure 43 indicates that here the picture is complicated by some addition of low oxygen water from the Baffin Land Current through Davis Strait. Figure 47 shows additional indication of downward mixing to about 1,200 meters along the Baffin Island side. In the summertime conditions shown in figures 41 and 43 the cold bottom water, with oxygen values in excess of 7 ml/1, is separated from the water of high oxygen values at the upper levels along the Greenland coast by water of higher temperature and lower oxygen at intermediate levels. In previous bulletins it has been proposed that this bottom water was formed in the central Labrador Sea in winter- time through vertical convection, probably not every winter and, in winters of its formation, intermittently as to time and geographical location. In the past very few wintertime observations have been available from the central Labrador Sea. During the winter of 1961-62, however, several sections were occupied from the chartered Erica Dan by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution personnel. These observations showed very nearly the same conditions as those characteristically found during the summertime. While it would appear that vertical convection occurs in most winters to depths of about 2,000 meters in the central part of the Labrador Sea, the cold high-oxygen bottom water must have some other source. As part of the International Geophysical Year the Anton Dohrn and Gauss occupied several sections between Greenland and the mid-Atlantic ridge from Denmark Strait to Cape Farewell in late summer and again in late winter. These winter observations, made from the Anton Dohrn in March 1958, are of particular interest in the present discussion. They indicate that a possible source of the bottom water of the Labrador Sea is water of the Norwegian Sea crossing the Denmark Strait ridge and moving along bottom near the foot of the Greenland continental slope, sinking as the depth of water increases toward Cape Farewell. For consideration as a pos- sibility the mechanism must stipulate that the contributions from the Norwegian Sea across the Denmark Strait ridge are intermittent in order to account for sections in which water of the appropriate temperature, salinity and oxygen content is missing. Near-bottom water of potential temperatures of about 1.3 has been found on the Greenland slope of the Labrador Sea at depths of about 3,100 meters along the South Wolf Island-Cape Farewell section, and with potential temperatures of about 1.4 on the Labrador slope 76 at depths of about 3,150 meters. Also near-bottom water has been found having potential temperatures of 1.2 at 3,450 meters on the Greenland slope and 1.3 at 3,600 meters on the Labrador side. These are considered to be representative values for the 15 annual summer- time occupations 1948-62. Other colder values have been observed. For example in 1954 at station 5705 a potential temperature of 1.18 was found at 3,450 meters although the coldest potential temperature found along a section extending east from Cape Farewell was 1.29 at station 5723 at a depth of 2,810 meters and the coldest potential temperature along a section extending southeastward from Cape Farewell was 1.83 at station 5735 at 1,926 meters. Again in 1962 at station 8315 at 3,460 meters the potential temperature was 1.18 and northward of this station at station 8324 at 3,526 meters the potential temperature was 1.16 and at station 8325 at 3,424 meters it was 1.18. In considering the Anton Dohrn sections, then, we must look for oxygen values greater than 7 ml/1 and potential temperatures of less than 1.5. In presenting these data in Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift in 1960, G. Dietrich has named the sections A, C, D, E, F, H, and J from Denmark Strait to Cape Farewell. Using his section designations and the data from the IGY Data Center, we find the following observations with potential temperatures colder than 1.5: Potential Oxygen, Section Station Depth temperature Salinity milliter A 2268 680 0.94 34.92 7.23 728 0. 05 34. 94 7. 16 2269 488 0. 15 34. 91 7. 23 C 0) D 2313 2,720 1.40 34.88 6.95 E 2317 2,875 1.30 34.90 5.94 2318 2, 750 1. 44 34. 91 6. 81 F 2328 2,520 1.48 34.88 6.94 H 0) J 2340 2,935 1.22 34.88 6.97 2341 3, 220 1. 23 34. 87 6. 98 > No potential temperature as low as 1.5. Thus, while the water found by the Anton Dohrn falls short of qualifying, the time of the observations may represent an interval between periods when water of cold enough temperature and high enough oxygen may be contributed across Denmark Strait ridge. Another possible source of the cold high-oxygen bottom water of the Labrador Sea is in the northwestern part of the Labrador Sea near the juncture of the Baffinland Current which has come through Davis Strait, and the westward branching of the West Greenland Current south of Davis vStrait ridge. This involves surface cooling to the freezing point and subsequent increase in salinity through ice forma- tion and convective mixing. Water so cooled (to —1.8°) and con- 77 centrated (to a salinity of about 34.80) could mix with the adjacent West Greenland Current water of 4° and 35.00%o in about equal proportions to produce the mixture of about 1.13° and 34.90°/oo which would be of appropriate temperature, salinity and density to supply bottom water of the characteristics found in the deeper parts of the Labrador Sea. Winter time observations from the northwestern Labrador Sea, at times when sea ice formation has had its presumed effect of salt con- centration, are needed to verify this possible source of the bottom water of the Labrador Sea. SUMMARY 1. Four charts showing the dynamic topography of the sea surface found during as many surveys made in the Grand Banks region during the 1962 season have been presented. 2. The temperature-salinity relationships in the different water masses found in the Grand Banks region in 1962 have been compared with the average relationships for the 15-year period 1948-62. 3. Tentative normal seasonal variation relationships in the volume transport and mean temperature of the Labrador Current have been revised to include additional measurements at the sections comprising the Bonavista triangle and sections G and F, and have been developed initially for sections H and Fj. A similar revision for the West Green- land Current at Cape Farewell has been presented. 4. The volume and heat transports and mean temperature found during 25 reoccupations of sections across the Labrador Current in 1962 have been compared with tentative seasonal normal values. 5. The circulation in the upper levels in southern Baffin Bay and Davis Strait, and at all levels in the Labrador Sea has been discussed in the light of the distribution of temperature, saHnity and oxygen observed during the 1962 postseason survey. A revised mechanism for the production of the bottom water of the Labrador Sea has been proposed. 78 NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE LABRADOR SEA AND BAFFIN BAY ' By Nathaniel Corwin and David A. McGill Woods Hole Oceanosraphic Institution Woods Hole, Massachusetts The chemical characteristics of the Labrador Sea have not been as thoroughly studied as more southern regions of the North Atlantic Ocean. The general circulation pattern has been determined from observations of temperature and salinity, but other parameters are not widely available from early surveys, except for such limited data as that obtained by the Godthaab expedition of 1928 (Hagen, 1931, 1936). The present paper gives the results of determinations of several nutrient elements in sea water samples obtained in July 1962 during the annual postseason cruise of the International Ice Patrol. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the U.S. Coast Guard Oceanographic Unit of the Ice Patrol. METHODS Plax bottles (8 ounce) were filled with sea water collected on stations of the USCGC Evergreen and were then stored in deep-freeze lockers until the return of the ship to Woods Hole, where the analyses were conducted. Inorganic phosphate and total phosphorus determinations were made for all samples. Nitrate- and nitrite-nitrogen and silicate were also measured. The techniques employed are summarized as follows: Inorganic phosphate was determined by the ammonium molybdate method as described by Wooster and Rakestraw (1951). Stannous chloride was used as the reducing agent and measurements were made colorimetrically using a model DU spectrophotometer with a 10-cm light path at 700 m/x- Total phosphorus was analysed by the method described b}" Harvey (1948) as modified by Ketchum, Corwin, and Keen (1955). Following digestion in a steam autoclave for 5 hours at a pressure of 38 pounds per square inch, samples were determined colormetricaUy for the molybdate complex reduced by stannous chloride as in the inorganic phosphate method. 1 This work has been supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under contract Nonr-2196(00) . Contribution No. 1370 from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 79 Nitrate-nitrogen was determined following reduction with hydrazine in the presence of copper according to the method of Mullin and Riley (1955a). Samples were read on a DU spectrophotometer at 524 m/x. The value obtained is the total of both the nitrate and the nitrite present in a sample. Nitrite-nitrogen was measured colorimetrically following diazotiza- tion with sulfanilic acid coupling with alphanaphthylamine according to the method of Rider and Mellon (1946). The sample was read on a DU spectrophotometer at 520 m/x. Silicate-silicon was also measured colorimetrically, using the method described by Mullin and Riley (1955b) which depends upon the development of a molybdenum blue complex in acid solution after oxidation with metolsulfite-oxalate solution. Samples were read at 882 mix on a DU spectrophotometer. Simplified profiles of the data for three sections in the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay are drawn in which the distribution is indicated by smooth contours omitting c^uestionable points. The area of maximum concentration for each figure is shaded. DISTRIBUTION OF NUTRIENT PARAMETERS The inorganic phosphate distribution in the section from South Wolf Island, Labrador to Cape Farewell, Greenland shows a con- siderable homogeneity in the deep water (fig. 49). Values of 1.20 MgA/l occur from 200 meters to the bottom in the western half of the section and throughout about half this depth range in the eastern part of the region. A phosphate maximum of concentrations greater than 1.30 MgA/1 is found in the western region between 1,000 and 2,500 meters. Values near the surface are low but show a quick rise to values of 1.00 MgA/1 or greater near 100 meters. Variations in the depth of the 1.00 MgA/1 concentration may be a reflection of the strong surface currents which are present near each coast. Figure 50 presents the inorganic phosphate distribution in a longi- tudinal section that runs northward into Baffin Bay. The high inor- ganic phosphate level appears to originate from the north and thence to spread southward. The section in the midline of the basin does not appear to follow the core of the high phosphate water, which is somewhat more pronounced on the western side of the basin. Such, at least, is the impression given by figure 51, in which the inorganic phosphate in a section from Loks Land to the coast of Greenland is shown. The high inorganic phosphate concentration is found in the depth of Baffin Bay well inside and below the region of the sill in Davis Strait (fig. 50). It appears that water with an inorganic phos- phate content of about 1.30 MgA/1 escapes over the sill and thus contributes to the maximum value observed in the southward sections. The concentrations of phosphate in Baffin Bay below sill depth in- crease regularly to values of more than 2.00 jugA/l at the bottom. 80 The distribution of total phosphorus in all three sections is similar to the inorganic phosphate. Values are not significantly greater than for inorganic phosphate except in the surface and especially in the coastal regions of strong currents, where a noticeable amount of organic phosphorus is present. These values represent as mucli as 0.30 MgA/1 of organic phosphorus in the West Greenland Current and the Labrador Current as seen in the two sections across the Labrador Sea from Canada to Greenland. The distribution of nitrate is also similar to that shown for the inorganic phosphate but less sharply deUneated. In the section from South Wolf Island to Cape Farewell, values near the surface increase to a concentration of 10.0 MgA/1 at about 100 meters (fig. 52). A small peak of more than 15.0 MgA/1 occurs at about 300 meters but with a patchy and sporadic distribution. In the deep water a nitrate maximum of greater than 15.0 MgA/1 is observed in the same area as the phosphate maxinmm was seen. The longitudinal section into Baffin Bay (fig. 53) again points out the possible relation of this high nitrate level to the water which escapes over the sill. A general concentration of 10.0 MgA/1 below the surface is seen in the Baffin Bay region, with increases to more than 20.0 MgA/1 in the bottom of the basin. Some mixing of low nitrate surface water into the deeper strata is suggested in the cross section from Loks Land to Fyllas Bank (fig. 54). The distribution of nitrite is of importance only in the near-surface waters, where it represents an important stage in the regeneration of nitrogen. The nitrite distribution from the surface to 500 meters is shown in figure 55, where the top drawing is the southern cross section and the middle figure the northern section from Loks Land to Fyllas Bank. In the bottom figure the longitudinal section is shown. It will be noted that nitrite remains at a very low level in Baffin Bay while elsewhere in all three sections a maximum value up to 0.40 MgA/1 is obtained near 100 meters. The nitrite concentration is greatest in the northern cross section in the area oft' the Greenland coast. The silicate distribution in general follows the same pattern as seen in other nutrients. A sihcate maximum of concentrations greater than 10.0 MgAA is found in deep water of the southern cross section but not in the northern cross section except for a limited region near the western slope (figs. 56, 58). From the longitudinal section (fig. 57) it is seen that the silicate levels within Baffin Bay show a consider- able increase with depth. The level in subsurface water is over 10.0 MgA/1 but it is not clear how much of this is carried beyond the region of the sill. A great accumulation of sihcate is seen in the bottom waters within Baffin Bay. 81 DEPTH IN METERS CO .^ a 13 O OJ I o ■fe fl CO t ^ o to te O 5 o^ C (2, O tn :? hJ 82 DEPTH IN METERS 83 DEPTH IN METERS o -o c S in c« CM hJ o c £ IN o i-s § -« ^ "S < o fcJD TT CO ^ 0) c "a d S ^ 2 03 t; c ^ 03 S O *^ S "^ «t-i ci3 a a 84 DEPTH IN METERS 85 DEPTH IN METERS 86 DEPTH IN METERS o o o o o in o o o o o in a u a; r's o ~ t- ^ .-S a CD '^ 2 °^ C 03 87 DEPTH IN METERS q: o o. Q iz; < j3 cc • 4i QQ ^ < _l . a i ;;:^;: -v- ■; . ■ ■ . . 0 \ "^'^^'^^^^^^iM^i^i^^r. '■:. ■ ': '] ■'.• : • z < fc,^ z ■^n"- ^^^^-^^ K 5$; fe»i-' . • llJ a: ^-O- • ^^^5:55;^_ -^^^ ^^K:. 0 0' ^ ^^^^^^^^ ^ ^: 4- ^^^^B ^^ • ^ •:;•: ■. ( ^ -— ^ ^^ooooSooo^SS^ N^^^^A '^^'■'-■' ' ^ ""^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ 0 V--'- j ""— --^ ^^^oo$$$^\ ^^^^0 d \i- 1 /' 0 ^^N ^^"^^^ ^^^kd " > "'•?'.■ '. ' K-- •^- -v • .^ ^^^^ • y|v..; k ^~ — ~ ^ ""^ /'^^^^K J^^^^^^; ^SN^ -Jfev. ■ '^— """ .^^K ^ ^^ ^§--- • ' '1 ^--'00 <(?$$$$$$$^ ^^ ^^ $^^.'^' * - J|/!'r*.'s. *, J' ... . .o^oov^ ^nS\Sn>^^>^>^ ^$$$5 ^^^ ^^iSoV.****' * 'I /^^^^^^ ^^^^^ V>sScsN ^^ ^IK^BiV ' I'v /!^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ■^^^^^ xS^SS^ s^^^^.*.J%'. % \\N!N! ^Py' ^ 1 fc' ' ^^^^^^ ^^t^i^ ^^^5 ^ ^^•"•''. ' . jU . ^^^^^^ ^^A^ ^^ ;;;^2SNN ■^^f-'-' ■•• |U ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ fd^ ^:."- ■.•.'..'•'.' \\\ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^CJ§ y''. '■.' '■ III o^^^^^§ ^^^^^^^^\ ^^^ ■^^^^ f "^fc p? ^.- ■ „. ^» ^fe '■r:-' \v "--. ^~^ / ©"^N v$$$^§$$$:i ;;■__"■.- .* "r-K-^-: •\ •/ • \ ■ y (D A tiSS5^>^K*? rt.;. '">•.".*-•':>/;* ;":'•*.• .1. - .^ . , / r^ -- V^ . , V'->iTS>a.?r^r.-- .*'.*.''.*";{■;".•,•- '•* '." * " i|;^if-W^ 0 AfA #/•■••• ? Q < CQ t*;. ^ CO < _ _l tomV"-'- ' ••■ 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 3 O W. ^ CO J2 ^ to bC O 3. ^ ^ 01 t> ^ 0 [/) <1> +» cj is 2 CO S3 695-672 0-64-7 89 DEPTH IN METERS a w a n (M o <© as t3 4) !>> '3 C3 |-^ C CO Ti (N 3 1 +J CD •a o Tl o 01 <1 a 3. a a Oi ^ a Ul o Si «-l ■4J ^ '^ >> « m m (U -^ 8S U :a 00 •m O a o -»j s ^ 90 DEPTH IN METERS >- ^^ < o CD Z M L. a < 03 m m -2 >. fe -c a 03 T) a ^ "m c 5g c3 W ^ TJ C 03 . h-^ (N O to 05 ^ rH O l-l ^ ^ 3 g^ 2^ 45 34.98 600 4.50 34.98 27. 74 823 3.98 34.93 800 4.05 34.94 27.75 1,025... 3.73 34.92 1,000. -- 3.75 34.92 27.77 1,543... 3.57 34.93 Station 7983; 7 April; 43°43' N., 47°18' W.; depth 4,390 m.; dynamic height 971.151 0 26 53 79 106 158 211 315 417 620 827 1,035... 1,552... 12.29 12.29 12,26 12.28 12. 27 12. 06 11.50 8.72 6.18 4.60 4.41 3.89 3.54 35.44 35, 45 35.44 35.44 35.44 35.40 35.40 35,06 34,84 34,89 34,97 34.92 34,90 0 12,29 35.44 25 12.30 35,44 50 12,25 35,44 75 12,25 35.44 100 12, 25 35.44 150 12.10 35.41 200 11,65 35,41 300 9,10 35,10 400 6,55 34.85 600 4.75 34,88 800 4.45 34,96 1.000-.. 3.95 34.93 26.89 26,89 26, 90 ' 26.90 26.90 26,91 26,99 27,20 27.28 27.63 27.73 27.76 Station 7984; 7 April; 43°55.5' N., 48°03'W.; depth 4,115 m.; dynamic height 971.123 0 11.71 35.10 0 11.71 35.10 26.74 26 11.77 35.08 25 11,75 35,08 26. 72 52 12.08 35,34 50 12,05 35,32 26. 85 78 12,06 35,36 75 12.05 35,36 26.88 105 11.86 35,33 100 11,90 35,34 26.89 156 10.80 35.15 150 11,05 35,17 26.92 208 9.29 35,04 200 9,45 35.05 27,10 310 8.38 35,08 300 8.50 35.08 27.28 410 5.74 34,85 400 5.90 34.85 27.47 605 4.94 34,96 600 4.95 34.95 27.66 803 4,40 34,96 800 4.40 34.96 27.73 l.OOO... 4,00 34.94 1,000... 4.00 34.94 27.76 1,497... 3,62 34.88 Station 7985; 7 April; 44°01.5' N., 48°31' W.; depth 3,648 m.; dj-namic height 970.989 26.69 26,69 27.00 27.05 27.15 27.26 27.39 27.57 27.66 27.73 27.76 27.77 0 6.71 34.00 0 6,71 34.00 25 6.66 33,98 25 6.66 33,98 £0 6,15 34.30 50 6.15 34.30 75 4.88 34.17 75 4.88 34,17 100 7.75 34,77 100 7.75 34,77 149 7,39 34.84 150 7,35 34,84 199 6.66 34,88 200 6.65 34.88 299 5,60 34,93 300 5.60 34,93 397 5.06 34,96 400 5.05 34.96 595 4,60 34,99 600 4.60 34,99 794 4,09 34,95 800 4.10 34.95 993 3,70 34,91 1,000... 3.70 34.91 1,508... 3.54 34,92 Station 7986; 7 April; 44°06' N., 48°48' W. 1,556 m.; dynamic height 970.950 depth 0 0,88 33,18 0 0.88 33.18 26,61 26 0,95 33.20 25 0.95 33,19 26.62 52 0.19 33,49 50 0.20 33,46 26.88 78 1.19 33.82 75 1,00 33,78 27.09 103 2. 42 34.19 100 2.40 34,17 27.30 154 2 22 34.36 150 2.20 34.35 27.46 206 2.50 34.51 200 2,45 34.50 27.56 309 3.51 34,75 300 3.45 34.73 27. 65 409 3,64 34,80 400 3.60 34,80 27,69 609 3,82 34,87 600 3.80 34,87 27,73 810 .3,71 34.87 800 3.70 34,87 27,74 1,009__. 3,62 34.88 1,000___ 3.60 34,88 27,75 1,534.__ 3,40 34.89 Station 7987; 8 April; 44°09' N., 48°55' W.; depth 677 m.; dynamic height 971.060 0 -0.03 32.95 0 -0.03 32.95 26.48 24 -0.44 33.09 25 -0.50 33.10 26.61 49 -0.94 33.20 50 -0.95 33.23 26.74 74 -0.24 33.42 75 -0.25 33.42 26.87 98 -0.02 33.49 100 0.00 33.50 26.92 147 0.39 33.66 150 0.45 33.67 27.03 196 1.02 33.93 200 1.05 33.95 27.22 291 2.01 34.27 300 2.05 34.29 27.42 383 2.45 34.43 400 2.55 34.47 27.53 562 3.70 34.83 (600)-_. 3.95 34.89 27.72 Station 7988; 8 April; 44°07' N., 49°04' W.; depth 177 m.; dynamic height 971.139 0 -0.20 33.00 0 -0.20 33.00 26.53 25 -0.70 33.04 25 -0.70 33.04 26.58 51 -0.77 33.09 50 -0.80 33.09 26.61 76 -0.79 33.17 75 -0.80 33.16 26.67 101 -0.64 33.28 100 -0.65 33.27 26.76 152 -0.44 33.34 150 -0.45 33.33 26.80 Station 7989; 8 April; 44°10' N., 49°11' W.; depth 91 m.; dynamic height 971.142 0 0.05 32.98 0 0.05 32.98 26.50 25 0.06 33.00 25 0.06 33.00 26.52 51 -0.13 33.25 50 -0.15 33.25 26.72 76 -0.24 33.14 75 -0.25 33.14 26.64 99 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, '500.--. 3.60 34.86 27.74 802 3.56 34.87 8v00 3.55 34.87 27.75 1,006... 3.51 1,,000.- 3.50 34.87 27.76 1,415.-. 3.46 34.87 Station 8018; 11 April; 46°06.y N., 46°33' W.; depth 512 m.; dynamic height 970.920 0 0.91 33.29 0 0.91 33.29 26.70 26 0.76 33.35 25 0.75 33.34 26.74 51 0.59 33.67 50 0.60 33.66 27.01 77 2.96 34.19 75 2\90 34.15 27.24 102 3.30 34.36 100 3.30 34.35 27.38 152 3.09 34.54 150 3.10 34.53 27.52 203 4.14 34.75 200 4.1V 34.74 27.59 306 4.23 34.86 300 4.25 34.86 27.67 408 4.05 34.90 400 4.05 .34.90 27.72 Station 8019; 11 April; 46°06.5' N., 46°00' W.; depth 2,103 m.; dynamic height 970.966 0 4.97 33.89 0 4.97 33.89 25 4.76 33.86 25 4.76 33.86 51 4.58 33.96 50 4.60 33.95 76 5.60 34.27 75 5.60 34.26 102 5.44 34.36 100 5.45 34.35 151 5.03 34.57 150 5.05 34.56 202 5.80 34.85 200 5.80 34.85 301 4.84 34.87 300 4.85 34.87 397 4.36 34.90 400 4.35 34.90 586 3.96 34.90 600 3.95 34.90 790 3.64 34.891 800 3.65 34.89 998 3.56 34.89 1,000..- 3.55 34.89 1,513... 3.50 34.90 26.82 26.82 26. 91 2 7.04 27; 13 27. 34 27. 48 27. 61 27.69 27.73 27.75 27.76 102 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, 0-1 Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, 0 34.64 3.9X 34.83 300 4,00 34.82 26.97 26.92 27.05 27.23 27.37 27.52 27.57 27.67 Station 8062; 28 April; 47°47' N., 45°55' W.; depth 444 m.: dynamic height 970.864' 0 2.55 34.15 0 2.55 34. 15 27.27 25 2.82 34.23 25 2.82 34. 2:3 27.31 50. 2.96 34.33 50 2.96 34. 33 27.38 75 3.34 34.54 75 3.34 34.54 27.51 100 4.06 34.68 100 4.06 34.68 27. 55 152 3.36 34.64 150 3.35 34.64 27. 58 202 3.61 34.77 200 3.60 34.76 27. m 302 3.87 34. 82 300 3.85 34.81 27.67 402 3.63 34.88 400 3.65 34.87 27.74 106 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, Ct Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, Tiamic height 970.863 depth 0 6.27 34.58 0 5.27 34.58 23 5.28 34.60 25 6.30 34.58 47 5.29 34.57 60 5.30 34.56 70 4.98 34.64 75 4.90 34.65 94 3.67 34. 70 100 4.40 34.70 140 3.29 34.73 150 3.25 34.72 187 3.22 34.73 200 3.30 34.74 283 3.56 34.86 300 3.60 34.86 380 3.77 34.89 400 3.76 34.88 581 3.64 34.88 600 3.66 34.88 782 3.64 34.89 800 3.66 34.88 987 3.46 34.88 1,000... 3.46 34.87 1,479... 3.43 34.93 27.33 27.32 27.31 27.43 27.52 27.66 27.67 27.74 27.73 27.74 27. 76 27.76 Station 8070; 30 April; 49°00' N., 46°39' W.; depth 2,890m.; dynamic height 970.851 0 4.90 34.62 0 4.90 34.62 26 4.90 34.60 25 4.90 34.60 60 4.89 34.61 50 4.89 34.60 75 4.42 34.61 76 4.42 34.61 100 3.83 34.69 100 3.83 34.69 149 3.71 34.76 160 3.70 34,74 199 3.50 34.78 200 3.60 34.77 297 3.78 34.88 300 3.80 34.87 393 3.83 34.88 400 3.80 34.87 582 3.64 34.90 600 3.60 34.89 779 3.52 34.89 800 3.50 34.88 978 3.45 34.90 1,000... 3.45 34.89 1,492... 3.45 34.92 27.41 27. 39 27. 40 27. 45 27.58 27.63 27.68 27. 73 27.73 27.76 27.76 27. 77 107 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962~Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, at Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, Taamic height 970.814 depth 0 3.05 34.68 0 3.05 34.68 27.64 25 3.05 34.67 25 3.05 34.67 27.64 50 3.05 34.65 50 3.05 34.65 27. 62 75 3.04 34.69 75 3.04 34.69 27.65 100 3.05 34.72 100 3.05 34.72 27.68 150 3.32 34.81 150 3.32 34.81 27.73 200 3.37 34.86 200 3.37 34.86 27.76 301 3.44 34.85 300 3.45 34.84 27.73 402 3.41 34.80 400 3.40 34.80 27.71 607 3.40 34 y. fii II 1 3.40 34.88 27.77 807 3.39 .34 ^^ >.iiii 3.40 34.87 27.77 1,006-. 3.37 34 ^^ I.IHJU-.- 3.35 34.87 27.77 1,513-.. 3.39 34.77 i Station 8087; 3 Mav; 49°35.5' N., 49°10' W.; depth 1,664 m.; d>-namic height 970.830 0 2.72 34.53 0 2.72 34.53 24 2.72 34.54 25 2.70 34.53 49 2.73 34.53 50 2.75 34.52 73 2.72 34.45 75 2.70 34.45 97 2.82 34.55 100 2.85 34.56 145 3.08 34.75 150 3.10 34.75 194 3.22 34.80 200 3.25 34.80 292 3.32 34.81 300 3.35 34.80 390 3.39 34.82 400 3.40 34.82 589 34.89 34.89 600 800 3.40 3.40 34.88 34.88 782 3.42 973 3.40 34.89 1,000--. 3.40 34.88 1.469... 3.42 34.89 27.56 27.55 27.55 27.49 27.57 27.70 27.72 27.71 27.73 27.77 27.77 27.77 109 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- '}7' Depth, pera- ity, CTI Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, ai meters ture, °C. 7oo meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, ° C. "/oo meters ture, °C. "loo 0 2.46 34.33 0 2.46 34.33 26 2.45 34.42 25 2.45 34.41 51 2.46 34.43 50 2.45 34.42 77 2.44 34.45 75 2.45 34.44 102 2.61 34.47 100 2.60 34.46 152 3.13 34.70 150 3.10 34.69 203 3.28 34.76 200 3.30 34.75 305 3.56 34.82 300 3.55 34.81 407 3.55 34.87 400 3.55 34.86 612 3.43 34.87 600 3.45 34.87 813 3.44 34.82 800 3.45 34.82 1,013— 3.44 34.81 1.000- _. 3.45 34.81 1,523-- 3.44 34.89 Station 8088; 3 May; 49°12' N., 49°18' W.; depth 1,628 m.; dynamic height 970.859 27.42 27.48 27.49 27.50 27.51 27.65 27.68 27.70 27.74 27.76 27.72 27.71 Station 8089; 3 May; 48°49' N., 49°28' W.; depth 1,463 m.; dynamic height 970.947 27.09 27.05 27.04 27.10 27.11 27.45 27.56 27.61 27.67 27.70 27.75 27.73 Station 8090; 3 May; 48°34.5' N., 49''33' W.; depth 708 m.; dynamic height 970.977 0 0.95 33.78 0 0.95 33.78 24 0.94 33.75 25 0.95 33.74 49 0.97 33.74 50 1.00 33.73 73 1.07 33.81 75 1.05 33.80 98 1.01 33.82 100 1.00 33.81 146 2.11 34.33 150 2.15 34.34 195 2.42 34.50 200 2.50 34.51 293 3.38 34.67 300 3.40 34.68 393 3.57 34.78 400 3.55 34.77 593 3.54 34.82 600 3.55 34.81 790 3.46 34.87 800 3.45 34.86 986 3.48 34.85 1,000.-. 3.50 34.84 1,331.-- 3.44 34.85 0 0.40 33.42 0 0.40 33.42 26.83 25 0.39 33.46 25 0.39 33.46 26.87 49 -0.02 33.57 50 0.00 33.57 26.98 74 0.21 33.65 75 0.25 33.65 27.03 98 0.95 33.81 100 1.00 33.81 27.11 148 1.58 34.09 150 1.60 34.09 27.29 197 2.20 34.27 200 2.25 34.28 27.39 296 2.88 34.61 300 2.90 34.61 27.61 397 3.38 34.77 400 3.35 34.76 27.68 600 3.40 34.82 600 3.40 34.82 27.73 Station 8091; 3 May; 48°14' N., 49°42' W.; depth 232 m.; dynamic height 971.004 0 0.02 33.21 0 0.02 33.21 26.68 24 -0.09 33.28 25 -0.10 33.27 26.73 49 -0.47 33.64 50 -0.45 33.65 27.06 74 0.18 33.83 75 0.20 33.84 27.18 98 0.78 33.99 100 0.80 33.99 27.26 147 1.44 34.17 150 1.55 34.18 27.36 196 2.07 34.30 (200)-.. 2.15 34.30 27.42 Station 8092; 3 May; 48°04' N., 49°45' W.; depth 174 m.; dynamic height 971.085 0 25 50 75 100 149 -0.95 32.77 0 -0.95 32.77 -0.97 32.89 25 -0.97 32.89 -0.91 32.96 50 -0.91 32.96 -1.18 33.06 75. -1.18 33.06 -1.40 33.21 100 -1.40 33.21 -0.40 33.58 (150)... -0.35 33.59 26.37 26.46 26.52 26.61 26.74 27.00 Station 8093; 4 May; 47°42' N., 49°53' W.; depth 119 m.; dynamic height 971.104 0 -0.18 32.77 0 -0.18 32.77 26.34 25 -0.18 32.76 25 -0.18 32.76 26.33 50 -0.17 32.69 50 -0.17 32.69 26.27 76 -0.19 32.81 75 -0.20 32.80 26.37 101 -0.28 33.35 100 -0.25 33.30 26.76 Station 8094; 4 May; 47°24' N., 50°00' W.; depth 86 m.; dynamic height 971.095 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.41 32.99 32.97 32.94 32.97 0-.-. 25... 50... (75). 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.40 32.99 32.97 32.93 32.97 26.49 26.47 26.44 26.47 Station 8095; 4 May; 47°34' N., 50=23' W.; depth 238 m.; dynamic height 971.100 0 -0.09 32.78 0 -0.09 32.78 26.34 25 -0.09 32.75 25 -0.09 32.75 26.32 50 -0.09 32.72 50 -0.09 32.72 26.29 75 -0.03 32.85 75 -0.03 32.85 26.40 100 -0.03 33.28 100 -0.03 33.28 26.74 Station 8096; 4 May; 47°42' N., 50°40' W.; depth 128 m.; dynamic height 971.088 0 -0.04 32.71 0 -0.04 32.71 26.28 25. -0.02 32.69 25 -0.02 32.69 26.27 50 0.00 32.82 50 0.00 32.82 26.37 75 -0.57 33.12 75 -0.57 33.12 26.63 100 -0.40 33.28 100 -0.40 33.28 26.76 Station 8097; 4 May; 47°50' N., 50°58' W.; depth 128 m.; dynamic height 971.108 0 -0.10 32.59 0 -0.10 32.59 26.19 25 -0.13 32.64 25 -0.13 32.64 26.23 50 -0.15 32.70 50 -0.15 32.70 26.28 75 -0.38 32.79 75 -0.38 32.79 26.36 100 -0.60 33.13 100 -0.60 33.13 26.65 Station 8098; 4 May; 47°58' N., 51°16' W.; depth 157 m.; dynamic height 971.116 0 -0.30 32.45 0 -0.30 32. 4J 26.09 25 -0.32 32.52 25 -0.32 32.52 26.14 50 -0.36 82.63 50 -0.36 32.63 26.22 75 -0.82 32.78 75 -0.82 32.78 26.37 100 -1.16 32.92 100 -1.16 32.92 26.49 150 -0.32 33.32 150 -0.32 33.32 26.79 Station 8099; 4 May; 48°06' N., 51=34' W.; depth 256 m.; djmamic height 971.114 0 -0. 37 32.52 0.. -0.37 32.52 26.14 25 -0.42 32.50 25 -0.42 32.50 26.13 51. -0.49 32.38 50 -0.50 32.37 26.03 76 -1.43 32.87 75 -1.40 32.84 26.44 101 -1.45 33.03 100 -1.45 33.01 26.58 152 -1.05 33.21 150 -1.05 33.20 26.72 110 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, -namic height 971.132 0- 24 48-- 73--- 97--- 146- 194- 290- 385- 572- 2.83 32.72 0- 2.83 32. 72 2.33 32.74 25 2.15 32.75 0.37 32. 95 50 0.30 32. 99 -0.34 33.19 75 -0.35 33.18 -0.54 33. 22 100--- -0.55 33. 22 -0.55 33.35 150---- -0.50 33.40 2.52 33.96 200---- 2.60 33.99 3.69 34.50 300--- 3.70 34.51 3.52 34.65 400--- 3.50 34.65 3.45 34.75 (600).- 3.45 34.76 26.12 26.16 26.37 26. 62 depth 26.11 26.18 26. 50 26.67 26. 71 26. 86 27. 13 27.45 27.58 27.67 Station 8159; 29 May; 44°52' X., 48°48' W.; depth 1,207 m.; dynamic height 971.084 0 2.44 32.72 0 2.44 32.72 26.14 23 0.79 32.93 25 0.60 32.95 26. 44 46 -0.69 33.12 50 -0.70 33.18 26.69 69 -0. 51 33.36 75 -0.45 33.36 26.82 92 -0.39 33.41 100 -0.30 33.44 26.88 153 0.22 33.64 150 0.15 33.62 27.02 184 1.70 33.86 200 2.05 34.00 27.69 272 3.46 34.37 300 3.30 34.41 27.41 358 2.92 34.51 400 3.00 34.56 27.56 520 3.27 34.73 600 3.50 34.80 27.70 701 3.70 34.86 800 3.70 34.85 27.72 886 3.68 34.85 (1,000)- 3.65 34.83 27.70 Station 8160; 29 May; 44°49' X., 48°33' W.; depth 2,286 m.; dynamic height 971.046 0 2.08 32.67 0 2.08 32.67 26.12 26 0.82 32.92 25 0.85 32.91 26.40 52 -0.26 33.32 50 -0.25 33.30 26.76 79 -0.19 33.54 75 -0.20 33. 52 26.95 105 -0.12 33.56 100 -0.15 33.54 26.96 158 0.51 33. 82 150 0.40 33.78 27.12 210 1.07 34.01 200 0.90 33.97 9- 24 306 2.90 34.49 300 2.80 34.45 27. 48 395 3.33 34.73 400 3.35 34.73 27.65 555 3.73 34.86 600 3.75 34.85 27.71 750 3.86 34.87 800 3.80 34.86 27.72 952 3.57 34.87 1,000... 3.55 34.86 27.74 1,456... 3.52 34.86 Station 8161; 29 May; 44°43' X., 48°00' W. 3,283 m.; dynamic height 970.959 depth 0 3.75 33.23 0 3.75 33.23 26.43 28 0.56 33.54 25 0.65 33.50 26.88 56 0.72 33.66 50 0.65 33.63 26.98 84 1.27 33.91 75 1.10 33.83 27.11 112 2.05 34.18 100 1.75 34.01 27. 22 168 2.55 34.37 150 2.40 34.27 27.38 224 5.07 34.89 200 4.25 34.76 27.59 337 4.50 34.88 300 4.65 34.88 27.64 451 4.43 34.92 400 4.45 34.90 27.68 680 3.98 34.92 600 4.15 34.91 27. 72 894 3.65 34.86 800 3.80 34.88 27.73 1,000... 3.50 34.88 1,000.-- 3.60 34.86 27.74 1,643.-- 3.40 34.90 Station 8162; 29 May; 44°36.5' X., 47°18' W.; depth 3,840 m.; dynamic height 970.972 0 6.72 33.68 0 6.72 33 68 26.44 25 5.89 33.77 25 5.89 33.77 26.62 50 5.56 34,22 50 5.56 34.22 27.01 75 4.74 34.19 75 4.74 34.19 27.08 99 5.77 34.47 100 5.75 34.46 27.18 149 4.03 34.46 150 4.00 34.45 27.37 199 3.83 34. 55 200 3.85 34.55 27.46 300 4.89 34.87 300 4.89 34,87 27. 61 404 4.55 34.93 400 4.55 34.92 27.69 615 4.22 34.96 600 4.25 34.95 27.74 823 3.94 34.91 800 3.95 34.91 27.74 1,032-.. 3.69 34.91 1,000.- 3.70 34.90 27.76 1.562.- 3.53 34.91 1 117 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, "t Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, at meters ture, °C. "loo meters ture, °C. "loo meters ture, °C. "/co meters ture, °C. "/oo Station 8163; 29 May; 44°32' N., 46°38' W.; depth 3,913 m.; dynamic height 971.074 0 22.-- 43... 76... 102.. 129.. 172.. 270.. 376.. 611.. 811.- 1,011 1,530 7.92 33.20 0 7.92 33.20 11.32 34.93 25 11.55 35.07 12.81 35.51 50 12.80 35,46 12.02 35.34 75 12.05 35.33 11.78 35.38 100 11.80 35.38 8.44 34.84 150 8.15 34.77 7.85 34.75 200 7.40 34.74 6.36 34.90 300 6.10 34.82 5.38 34.91 400 5.30 34.91 4.50 34.95 600 4.50 34.94 4.19 34.95 800 4.20 34.94 3.96 34.95 1,000.-- 3.95 34.94 3.61 34.91 25.90 26.75 26.81 26.85 26.94 27.09 27.18 27. 42 27.59 27.70 27.74 27.76 Station 8164; 29 May; 44°25' X., 45°56' W.; depth 3,886 m.; dynamic height 971.182 0 26 51 77 102 152 203 304 402 597 806 1,018... 1,510... 8.93 33.49 0 8.93 33.49 10.23 34.33 25 10.20 34.28 10.02 34.83 50 10.00 34.79 11.41 35.25 75 11.30 35.21 11.65 35.30 100 11.65 35.29 11.55 35.31 150 11.55 35.30 10.08 35.08 200 10.15 35.07 8.46 34.98 300 8.50 34.98 6.31 . 34. 87 400 6.35 34.86 5.30 34.97 600 5.25 34.96 4.57 34.99 800 5.25 34.98 4.15 34.95 1,000... 4.20 34.94 3.85 34.93 25.97 26.37 26.80 26.91 26.90 26.93 27.08 27.20 27.42 27.64 27.65 27.74 Station 8165; 29 May; 44°18' N., 45°15' W.; depth 4,480 m.; dynamic height 971.211 26.67 26.66 26.67 26.76 26.80 26.82 26.91 27.10 27.29 27.61 27.71 27.74 Station 8166; 30 May; 44°50' X., 45°15'W.; depth 4,279 m.; dynamic height 970.974 0 14.56 35.76 0 14.56 35.76 27 14.56 35.76 25 14.55 35.75 53 14.50 35.77 50 14.55 35.76 80 13.40 35.58 75 13.50 35.58 106 13.23 35.58 100 13. 25 35.57 159 12.32 35.40 150 12.60 35.42 212 11.09 35.21 200 11.30 35.22 315 9.87 35.21 300 10.15 35.20 414 7.03 34.89 400 7.40 34.89 608 5.12 34.93 600 5.20 34.92 818 4.35 34.95 800 4.40 34.94 1,032... 4.05 34.94 1,000... 4.10 34.93 1,552... 3.73 34.91 0 26.... 53.... 79.... 105... 157... 210... 314... 416... 620... 826... 1, 032. 1, 553. 7.42 34.10 0 7.42 34.10 7.26 34.12 25 7.25 34.10 5.64 34.29 50 5.80 34.27 .5.45 34.41 75 5.50 34.40 4.71 34.40 100 4.85 34.39 4.27 34.52 150 4.30 34.49 3.92 34.61 200 4.00 34.58 3.76 34.75 300 3.75 34.72 3.84 34.81 400 3.80 34.80 3.89 34.88 600 3.90 34.86 3.70 34.89 800 3.90 34.88 3.58 34.86 1,000... 3.60 34.86 3.52 34.89 26. 67 26.70 27.03 27. 16 27.23 27.37 27.47 27. 61 27.67 27.71 27.72 27.74 Station 8167; 30 May; 45°23.5' X., 45°15' W.; depth 4,206 m.; dynamic height 971.029 0. 7.00 33.26 0 7.00 33.26 26.07 26 4.49 33.42 25 4.50 33.40 26.48 53 5.01 34.02 50- 5.00 33.95 26.87 79 6.44 34.47 75 6.30 34.41 27.07 105 8.22 34.89 100 8.20 34.86 27.15 157 7.90 34.95 150 7.95 34.94 27.25 210 6.96 34.92 200 7.15 34.91 27.35 314 5.68 34.90 300 5.85 34.89 27.50 416 5.05 34.94 400 5.15 34.93 27.62 619 3.88 34.87 600 4.00 34.87 27.71 824 3.73 34.89 800 3.75 34.88 27.73 1,028... 3.56 34.89 1,000... 3.55 34.88 27.75 1,537... 3.64 34.97 Station 8168; 30 Mav; 45°25' N., 45°58' W.; depth 3,612 m.; d>Tiamic height 970.993 0...- 26... 51... 77--. 103.. 153.. 205-- 307- 407.- 608.. 821.. 1,041 1,528 8.04 6.82 6.66 6.37 6.70 5.95 5.51 4.46 4.95 4.52 4.16 3.86 3.57 33.84 34.09 34.34 34.38 34.61 34.76 34.81 34.81 34.93 34.94 34.95 34.94 34.91 0. 25 50 75 100.-.. 150.... 200.-.. 300..-- 400.-.. 600.... 800.--- 1,000.. 8.04 6.85 6.65 6.35 6.70 6.00 5.55 4.50 4.95 4.55 4.20 3.90 33.84 34.07 34.33 34.36 34.58 34.74 34.80 34.80 34. 92 34.93 34.94 34.94 26.38 26.73 26.99 27.02 27.15 27.37 27.47 27.59 27.64 27.69 27.74 27.77 Station 8169; 30 May; 45°22.5' N., 46°40' W.; depth 3,292 m.; dynamic height 970.958 0..-. 26... 52... 78... 103.- 154.. 206.. 310.. 414.. 623... 831.- 1,039 1,553. 7.59 33.89 0. 7.59 33.89 7.05 34.21 25 7.10 34.20 4.70 34.19 50 4.70 34.18 4.86 34.36 75 4.85 34.34 4.84 34.46 100 4.85 34.44 5.81 34.83 150..-- 5.80 34.80 5.44 34.89 200 5.50 34.88 4.79 34.89 300...-- 4.85 34.88 4.31 34.89 400 4.35 34.88 3.89 34.89 600..... 3.95 34.88 3.71 34.89 800..-.. 3.75 34.88 3.53 34.91 1,000... 3.55 34.90 3.45 34.91 26.48 26.80 27. 08 27.19 27. 27 27.44 27.54 27.61 27.67 27. 71 27.73 27. 77 Station 8170; 30 May; 45°20' N., 47°23' W.; depth 3,036 m.; dynamic height 970.947 0. 26 51 77 102. 152..--- 203.--- 306--.- 409..-.. 617..... 825....- 1,032... 1,547... 7.41 4.91 6.20 5.21 2.25 6.10 5.76 4.74 4.01 3.97 3.78 3.61 3.44 34.01 33.97 34.31 34.41 34.16 34.81 34.89 34.89 34.88 34.90 34.93 34.88 34.90 0.... 25-.- 50... 75-.- 100.. 150.. 200.. 300.. 400.. 600.. 800- . 1,000 7.41 4.90 6.20 5.30 2.25 6.10 5.80 4.80 4.05 3.95 3.80 3.60 34.01 33.96 34.29 34.40 34.16 34.80 34.88 34.88 34.8' 34.89 34.92 34.88 26.60 26.89 26.98 27.18 27. 30 27.40 27. 50 27.62 27.70 27. 72 27! 77 27.75 118 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Sealed values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, at Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, Tiamic height 971.051 0 2.59 32.74 0 2.59 32.74 25 2.53 32.79 25 2.53 32.79 50 -0.40 33.23, 50 -0.40 33.23 74 - -0.45 33.40 75 -0.45 33.40 99 -0.38 33.45 (100)..- -0.35 33.45 0 - 2.60 32.70 0 2.60 32.70 26.11 26 0.96 32.76 25 1.00 32.74 26.26 52 -0.36 33.07 50 -0.35 33.04 26.56 78 -0.16 33.37 75. -0.20 33.32 26.78 Station 8176; 1 June; 46°04.5' X., 48°45' W.; depth 82 m.; dynamic height 971.057 0 2.60 32.79 0- 2.60 32.79 26.18 25 2.56 32.83 25 2.56 32.83 26.21 50 -0.16 32.93 50 -0.16 33.93 26.47 Station 8177; 1 June; 46°15' X., 49°03' W.; depth 69 m.; dynamic height 971.054 0 3.77 33.02 0 3.77 33.02 26 26 24 3.73 33.04 25 3.70 33.03 26.27 48 1.25 33.13 (50).... 0.95 33.14 26.58 Station 8178; 1 June; 46°13.5' X., 48°32' W.; 90 m.; dynamic height 971.061 depth 0.. 2.62 32.78 0 2.62 32.78 26.17 25 2.54 32.77 25 2.54 32.77 26.17 51 0.37 32.89 50 0.45 32.87 26.39 76 0.15 33.29 75 0.15 33.25 26.71 Station 8179; 1 June; 46°11.5' X., 4S°03' W.; depth 119 m.; dynamic height 971.055 0 2.72 32.71 0 2.72 32.71 26.12 26 2.59 32.70 25 2.60 32.70 26.10 52 -0.34 33.20 50 -0.30 33.14 26.64 77 -0.28 33.42 75 -0.30 33.39 26.84 103 -0.13 33.52 100 -0.15 33.50 26.93 Station 8180; 1 June; 46°11' X., 47°44' W.; depth 168 m.; dynamic height 971.052 0 2.70 32.83 0. 2.70 32.83 26.20 25 2.45 32.90 25 2.45 32.90 26.27 50 -0.87 33.21 50 -0.87 33.21 26.72 76 -0. 95 33.32 75 -0.95 33.31 26.80 101 0.39 33.43 100 0.30 33.41 26.83 151 0.81 33.85 150 0.80 33.83 27.13 Station 8181; 1 June; 46°09' X. , 47°28 ' W.; depth 686 m.; dynamic height 970.936 0 2.84 33.18 0 2.84 33.18 26.47 22 2.73 33.30 25 2.75 33.40 26.65 45 2.95 33.98 50 2.85 33.98 27.10 67 1.88 34.03 75 _ 1.85 34.09 27.27 89 1.83 34.19 100 2.00 34.27 27.41 133 2.85 34.51 150 2.85 34.53 27.54 178 2.80 34.58 200 .... 2.90 34.62 27.62 271 3.33 34.75 300 3.40 34.77 27.69 365 3.59 34.82 400 3.60 34.81 27.70 561 3.72 34.84 (600)... 3.75 34.84 27.70 Station 8182; 1 June; 46°09' X., 47°11' W. 1,555 m.; dynamic height 970.903 depth 0. 4.64 33.71 0 4.64 33.71 26.72 24 4.64 33.73 25 4.65 33.76 26.75 49 3. 22 34.14 50 3.20 34.15 27.21 73 3.08 34.37 75 - 3.10 34.38 27.40 98..-.-. 3.18 34.50 100 3.20 34.50 27. 49 146 3.29 34.64 150 3.30 34.64 27.59 195 3.43 34.74 200 3.45 34.74 27.65 292. 3.73 34. 82 300----- 3.75 34.81 27.68 390..-. 3.85 34.86 400 3.85 34.86 27.71 584 3.68 34.86 600 3.65 34.86 27.73 779.— 3.57 34.88 800 3.55 34.88 27.75 975. 3.49 34.89 1,000-- 3.50 34.88 27.76 1,478-- 3.47 34.89 119 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity. (Tt Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, Tiamic height 970.919 0 6.11 33.97 0 6.11 33.97 26.70 26 5.97 33.99 25 6.00 33.99 26.77 53 4.45 34.13 50 4.65 34.11 27.03 79 3.77 34.35 75 3.80 34.32 27.29 106 4.15 34.56 100 4.10 34. 52 27.42 158 3.82 34.66 150 3.90 34.65 27.54 Station 8214; 4 June; 47°27' X., 45°12' W.; depth 219 m.; dynamic height 970.941 26.74 26.77 26.97 27.03 27.21 27.44 27.56 Station 8215; 5 June; 47°39.5' N., 45°38' W.; depth 302 m.; dynamic height 970.956 0 6.14 33.97 0 6.14 33.97 26 6.08 34.00 25 6.10 34.00 51 4.64 34.06 50 4.80 34.05 76 4.43 34.10 75 4.45 34.09 102 3.86 34. 24! 100 3.85 34.22 153 3.83 34.55 150 3.85 34.53 204 3.86 34.69 200 3.85 34.68 0 5.77 33.96 0 5.77 33.96 26.78 25 5.69 33.99 25 5.69 33.99 26.82 49 5.48 33.99 50 5.45 33.99 26.84 74 4.82 34.03 75 4.80 34.03 26.95 98 4.68 34.09 100 4.65 34.11 27.03 148 4.20 34.46 150 4.20 34.47 27.37 197 4.16 34.64 200 4.15 34.65 27.51 246 3.82 34.75 (250). -_ 3.80 34.76 27.64 Station 8216; 5 June; 47°44' N., 45°53' W. 443 m.; dynamic height 970.906 depth 0.- 25-. 50-. 75-. 100 150 200 300 400 6.34 34.03 6.11 34.09 5.31 34.34 4.95 34.48 3.88 34.48 3.90 34.68 3.51 34.73 3.97 34.87 3.61 34.83 0.-. 25- 50- 75-, 100 150 200 300 400 6.34 6.11 5.31 4.95 3.88 3.90 3.51 3.97 3.61 34.03 34.09 34.34 34.48 34.48 34.68 34.73 34.87 34.83 26.76 26.84 27.14 27.29 27.41 27.56 27.64 27.71 27.71 Station 8217; 5 June: 47°51.5' N., 46°10' W. 1,052 m.; d>Tiamic height 970.887 depth 0 5.31 34.16 0 5.31 34.16 25 4.87 34.25 25 4.87 34.25 50 3.83 34.53 50 3.83 34.53 75 3.57 34.57 75 3.57 34.57 100 3.36 34.58 100 3.36 34.58 151 3.43 34.70 150 3.45 34.69 201 3.47 34.77 200 3.45 34.76 301 3.67 34.83 300 3.65 34.83 401 3.63 34.83 400 3.65 34.83 599 3.56 34.81 600 3.55 34.81 797 3.48 34.83 800 3.50 34.83 994 3.43 34.86 (1,000)- 3.40 34.86 27.00 27.12 27.45 27.51 27.53 27.61 27.67 27.70 27.70 27.70 27.72 27.76 Station 8218; 5 June; 47°59.5' X., 46°30' W.; depth 1,189 m.; dynamic height 970.873 0 4.15 34.17 0 4.15 34.17 23 3.52 34.22 25 3.35 34.22 46 2.20 34.27 50 2.20 34.30 69 2.41 34.43 75 2.50 34.46 92 2.71 34.55 100 2.80 34.57 138 3.08 34.67 150 3.10 34.68 184 3.23 34.70 200..---- 3.30 34. 72 277 3.53 34. 791 300 3.50 34.79 370 3.48 34.81 400 3.50 34. 82 557 3.46 34.861 600 3.45 34.85 759 3.53 34.83 800 3.50 34.83i 970 3.48 34.85 (1,000). 3.45 34.85 27.14 27.25 27.42 27.72 27.74 27.72 27.74 Station 8219; 8 June; 48°20'N., 45°55' W.; depth 1,152 m.; dynamic height 970.873 0 5.09 34.30 0 5.10 34.30 26 5.07 34.32 25 5.10 34.31 51 3.83 34.56 50 3.95 34.55 77 3.72 34.60 75 3.75 34.60 103 3.61 34.62 100 3.65 34.61 153 3.34 34.74 150 3.35 34.74 205 3.46 34.80 200 3.45 34.80 306 3.54 34.83 300 3.55 34.82 406 3.52 34.86 400 3.50 34.85 603 3.52 34.81 600 3.50 34.81 809 3.50 34.83 800 3.50 34.83 1,017... 3.43 34.89 1,000... 3.45 34.88 27.14 27.15 27.45 27.51 27.53 27. 66 27.70 27.71 27.74 27.71 27.72 27.76 Station 8220; 8 June; 48°41' N., 45°26' W.; depth 1,116 m.; dynamic height 970.857 0 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 399 598 800 1,002... 5.19 34.43 0 5.19 34.43 5.19 34.38 25 5.19 34.38 5.15 34. 4i 50 5.15 34.42 3.84 34. 5S 75 3.84 34.59 3.51 34.66 100 3.51 34.66 3.49 34.77 150 3.49 34.77 3.71 34.82 200 3.71 34.82 3.58 34.84 300 3.58 34.84 3.64 34.89 400 3.65 34.88 3.56 34.87 600 3.55 34.87 3.50 34.87 800 3.50 34.87 3.41 34.89 1,000..- 3.40 34.89 27.22 27.18 27.22 27.50 27.59 27.67 27.70 27.72 27.74 27.75 27.76 27.78 Station 8221; 8 June; 49°00' N., 45°00' W.; 1,628 m.; dj-namic height 970.870 depth 0 26 52 78 105 156.-- 208.--- 313.-.- 418 629 830..- 1,027.. 1,550.. 4.68 34.50 4.67 34.49 4.43 34.52 4.03 34.54 3. 59 34.56 3.17 34.64 3.22 34.79 3.48 34.84 3.44 34.84 3.47 34.85 3.48 34.82 3. 43 34.86 3.35 34.93 0 25 50 75 100.-- 150 200.-- 300 400.--. 600 800.--. 1,000.. 4 4.70 4.45 4.10 3.65 ,34 50 34 49 34 52 34 54 34 56 34 63 34 78 34.83 34 84 .34. 85 34 82 34. 85 27.33 27.32 27.38 27.43 27.49 27.59 27.71 27.72 27.73 27.74 27.72 27.74 123 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- itv, Depth, pera- ity, ot Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, ot meters ture, °C. 7oc meters ture, ° C. 7oo meters ture, °C. "/oo meters ture, ° C. "/oo 0 5.65 34.55 0 5.65 34.55 25 5.48 34.53 25 5.48 34.53 50 3.49 34.62 50 3.49 34.62 75 3.63 34.66 75 3.63 34.66 100 3.35 34.66 100 3.35 34.66 U9 3.23 34.72 150 3.25 34.72 199 3.32 34.77 200 3.30 34.77 298 3.41 34.84 300 3.40 34.84 396 3.45 34.85 400 3.45 34.85 592 3.44 34.84 600 3.45 34.84 791 3.43 34.87 800 3.45 34.87 991 3.40 34.88 1,000.__ 3.40 34.88 1,514.__ 3.38 34.92 Station 8222; 8 .Tune; 49°09.5' N., 45°40' W.; depth 2,743 m.; dynamic height 970.846 27.26 27.27 27.56 27.58 27.60 27.66 27.70 27.74 27.74 27.73 27. V6 27.77 Station 8223; 9 June; 49°20' N., 46°20' W.; depth 3,383 m.; dynamic height 970.882 27.18 27.18 27.17 27.24 27.57 27.63 27.67 27.70 27.73 27.74 27.74 27. 76 Station 8224; 9 June; 48°59' N., 46°42' W.; depth 2,835 m.; dynamic height 970.867 0 6.40 34.57 0 6.40 34.57 26 6.40 34.57 25 6.40 34.57 52 6.38 34.56 50 6.40 34.56 78 4.15 34.62 75 6.20 34.61 105 3.90 34.71 100 3.95 34.70 156 4.10 34.80 150 4.10 34.79 208 3.91 34.82 200 3.95 34.82 312 3.79 34.84 300 3.80 34.84 413 3.69 34.87 400 3.70 34.86 616 3.60 34.86 600 3.60 34.86 821 3.56 34.86 800 3.55 34.86 1,028.__ 3.50 34.87 1,000... 3.50 34.87 1,542... 3.43 34.89 0 5.45 34.64 0 5.45 34.64 27.36 26 5.43 34.65 25 5.45 34.65 27.36 53 4.36 34.58 50 5.40 34.58 27.31 79 3.79 34.70 75 3.80 34.68 27.57 106 3.86 34.75 100 3.85 34.74 27.61 158 3.42 34.74 150 3.45 34.74 27.65 211 3.64 34.78 200 3.60 34.77 27.67 315 3.72 34.81 300 3.75 34.80 27.67 416 3.62 34.87 400 3.65 34.86 27.73 617 3.48 34.85 600 3.50 34.85 27.74 826 3.45 34.83 800 3.45 34.83 27.73 1,025. -- 3.45 34. 83 1,000... 3.45 34.83 27.73 1,542... 3.41 34.85 Station 8225; 9 .Tune; 48°38' N., 47°04' W.; depth 2,378 m.; dynamic height 970.873 27.18 27.22 27.30 27.53 27.60 27.67 27.72 27.70 27.68 27.72 27.73 27.77 0 6.39 34.57 0 6.39 34.57 23 6.33 34.60 25 6.30 34.60 47 5.98 34.60 50 5.65 34.60 70 4.00 34. 63 75 3.90 34.64 94 3.56 34. 68 100 3.50 34.68 141 3.36 34.73 150 3.35 34.75 188 3.44 34.82 200 3.45 34.82 282 3.54 34. 82 300 3.55 34.81 376 3.48 34.77 400 3.45 34.78 563 3.48 34. 82 600 3.45 34.82 758 3.41 34.82 800 3.40 34.83 957 3.39 34.88 1,(K)0... 3.40 34.88 1,465... 3.34 34.89 Station 8226; 9 June; 48°16.5' N., 47°22' \V.; depth 1,646 m.; dynamic height 970.888 0 3.59 33.95 0 3.59 33.95 27.01 25 3.55 34.00 25 3.55 34.00 27.06 50 2.48 34.18 50 2.48 34.18 27.30 74 2.15 34.3! 75 2.15 34.32 27.44 99 2.33 34.47 100 2.35 34.47 27.54 148 2.88 34.62 150 2.90 34.62 27.62 197 3.22 34.73 200 3.25 34.73 27.66 296 3.52 34.80 300 3.55 34.80 27.69 393 3.61 34.83 400 3.60 34.83 27.71 589 3.50 34.84 600 3.50 34.84 27.73 786 3.44 34.85 800 3.45 34.85 27.74 983 3.41 34.81 1,000... 3.40 34.81 27. 72 1,489... 3.44 34.89 Station 8227; 9 June; 48°00' N., 47°35' W.; depth 393 m.; dynamic height 970.943 0... 25.. 50.. 75.. 100. 150. 200. 299. 373. 2.66 33.29 0 2.66 33.29 2.39 33.83 25 2.39 33.83 0.56 33.89 50 0.56 33.89 1.52 34.14 75 1.52 34.14 2 28 34.36 100 2.28 34.36 2.64 34.49 150 2.64 34.49 2.75 34.56 200 2.75 34.56 3.03 34.64 300 3.05 34.64 3.18 34.68 26.57 27.03 27.20 27.34 27.46 27.53 27.58 27.62 Station 8228; 9 June; 47°47' N., 47°45' W.; depth 311 m.; dynamic height 970.016 0 2.13 32 96 0 2.13 32,96 26.35 25 1.76 32.97 25 1.76 32.97 26.39 49 1.15 33. 45 50 1.00 33.46 26.73 74 -0.32 33.48 75 -0.30 33.51 26.94 99 0.42 33 76 100 0.45 33.78 27.11 148 1.53 34.15 150 1.60 34.16 27.35 198 2.40 34.40 200 2.40 34.41 27.49 272 3 00 34.68 Station 8229; 9 June; 47°44.5' N., 48°12' W.; depth 247 m.; dynamic height 971.106 0 1.94 32.64 0 1.94 32.64 26.11 25 1.47 32.68 25 1.47 32.68 26.15 50 0.20 32.71 50 0.20 32.71 26.27 75 0.81 32.92 75 0.81 32.92 26.41 100 -0.97 33.19 100 -0.91 33.19 26.71 150 -0.32 33.50 150 -0.32 33.50 26.93 200 0.20 33.80 200 0.20 33.80 27.15 Station 8230; 9 June; 47°42' N., 48°35' W.; depth 201 m.; dynamic height 971.089 0 2.35 32.71 0 2.35 32.71 26.13 26 2.31 32.72 25 2.35 32.71 26.13 52 -0.64 33.02 50 -0.35 33.00 26.53 78 -0.94 33.16 75 -0.90 33. 15 26.68 104 -0.54 33.39 100 -0.60 33.36 26.82 155 0.32 33.68 150 0.25 33.65 27.03 176 0.77 33.86 124 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- Itv, Depth, pera- ity, irt Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, Tiamic height 1454.793 0 4.49 31.90 0. 4.49 31.90 25.30 25 1.12 32.70 25 1.12 32.70 26.21 50. 0.86 33.17 50 0.86 33.17 26.61 75 0.45 33.36 75 0.45 33.36 26.78 100 0.64 100 0.64 33.53 26.90 150 1.27 33.90 150 1.27 33.90 27.16 200 2.81 34.35 200 2.81 34.35 27.40 301 4.28 34.82 300 4.30 .34. 81 27.63 401 4.25 34.90 400 4.25 34.90 27.70 577 4.22 34.95 600 4.20 34.95 27.75 771 4.15 34.95 800 4.15 34.95 27.75 966 4.03 34. 945 1,000-.. 4.00 34.95 27.77 1,114... 3.90 35.01 1,100-.. 3.90 35.00 27.82 Station 8347; 22 July; 63°50.5' N., 52°46' W.; depth 47 m.; dvnamic height 1454.811 0 1 1 4.60 33.33 0 4.60 33.33 26.41 20 3.48 33.45 25- 3.45 33.45 26.63 40...... 3.43 33.45 40 3.43 33.45 26.63 Station 8348; 22 July; 63°52' N., 52°30' W.; depth 42 m.; dynamic height 1454.818 0 - 6.00 32.77 0 6.00 32.77 25.82 15 4.39 33.27 25 3.80 33.41 26.57 31 3.44 33.50 30- 3.44 33.49 26.66 Station 8349; 22 July; 63°53.5' -NT., 52°10' W. 139 m.; dynamic height 1454.859 depth 0 6.62 30.59 0 6.62 30.59 24.02 26 2.69 32.92 25 2.90 32.81 26.18 51 2.13 33.20 50 2.15 33.18 26.53 Station 8350; 23 July; 63°58' N., 56°52' W.; depth 984 m.; dynamic height 1454.676 0 6.37 33.92 0 6.37 33.92 26.68 25 3.23 33.96 25 3.23 33.96 27.05 52 1.37 34.02 50 1.35 34.01 27.25 77 1.38 34.10 75 1.35 34.09 27.31 104 1.58 34.22 100 1.55 34.21 27.39 154 2.04 34.32 150 2.00 34.32 27.45 206 2.46 34.48 200 2.40 34.43 27.50 310 3.48 34.71 300 3.40 34.69 27.62 404 4.16 34.92 400 4.15 34.91 27.72 603 4.44 34.96 600 4.45 34.96 27.73 803 3.98 35. 015 800 4.00 35.01 27.82 968 3.54 34. 925 (975)... 3.50 34.92 27.80 137 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity. Ot Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- ity, at meters ture, °C. "loo meters ture, °C. "loo meters ture, "/oo meters ture, °C. °/oo Station 8351; 23 July; 64°34' N., 57°21' W.; depth 823 m.; dynamic height 1454.649 26.74 26.97 27.24 27.44 27.47 27.64 27.65 27.68 27.70 27.73 27.83 0 6.30 34.00 0 6.30 34.00 25 4.83 34.06 25 4.83 34.06 52 1.71 34.06 50 2.00 34.06 77 1.20 34.25 75 1.20 34.24 103 1.73 34.34 100 1.70 34.33 154 2.67 34.63 150 2.60 34.62 205 3.55 34.74 200 3.45 34.74 308 4.18 34.86 300 4.10 34.85 407 4.45 34.92 400 4.45 34.92 594 4.35 34.95 600 4.35 34.95 771 3.74 34.98 (800)... 3.65 34.99 0 3.72 33.17 0 3.72 33.17 25 1.46 33.83 25 1.46 33.83 51 -0.75 33.85 50 -0.75 33.85 76 0.43 34.00 75 0.40 33.99 102 1.03 34.27 100 1.00 34.24 152 3.19 34.57 150 3.20 34.57 203 3.11 34.63 200 3.10 34.63 305 3.86 34.77 300 3.85 34.77 408 4.39 34.90 400 4.35 34.89 607 4.37 34.96 600 4.35 34.96 730 3.87 34. 945 730 3.87 34. 945 Station 8352; 23 .July; 64°57' N., 57°28' W.; depth 747 m.; dynamic height 1454.668 26.38 27.09 27.23 27.29 27.45 27.55 27.60 27.64 27.68 27.74 27.77 Station 8353; 23 .July; 65°19.5' N., 57°41' W.; depth 603 m.; dynamic height 1454.716 25.81 26.97 27.17 27.21 27.21 27. 36 27.49 27.60 27.66 27.66 Station 8354; 23-24 July; 65°41.5' N., 57°51' W.; depth 558 m.; dynamic height 1454.728 25.69 26.96 27.11 27.18 27.19 27.26 27. 44 27. 55 27. 63 27.68 0 2.04 32.28 0 2.04 32.28 25 -1.54 33.49 25 -1.54 33.49 51 -1.69 33.74 50 -1.70 33.74 76 -1.60 33.79 75 -1.60 33.79 102 -1.47 33.80 100 -1..50 33. 79 153 0.14 34.07 150 0.05 34.05 204 2.34 34.40 200 2.20 34.39 289 3.29 34.64 300 3.40 34. 06 386 3.90 34.79 400 3.80 34.79 557 1.93 34.64 550 2.00 34.59 0 1.84 32.10 0 1.84 32.10 25 -1.51 33.48 25 -1.51 33.48 52 -1.64 33.67 50 -1.65 33.66 77 -1.62 33.75 75 -1.65 33.75 103 -1.54 33.76 100 -1.55 33.76 154 -1.16 33.87 150 -1.20 33.86 205 0.39 34. 19 200 0.25 34. 16 302 2.03 34.45 300 2.00 34.45 402 1.98 34. 55 400 2. 00 34. 55 500 1.75 34.59 500 1.75 34.59 Station 8355; 24 July; 66°00' N., 58°03' W.; depth 612 m.; dynamic height 1454.705 26.14 26.89 27.10 27.16 27.30 27.37 27.45 27.58 27.65 27.72 Station 8356; 24 July; 66°12' N., 58°24' W.; depth 587 m.; dynamic height 1454.778 0 2.80 32.75 0 2.80 32.75 25 1.01 33.54 25 1.01 33.54 51 -1.36 33.66 50 -1.25 33.66 76 -1.66 33.73 75 -1.65 33.73 101 -1.47 33.91 100 -1.50 33.90 151 0.16 34.07 150 0.10 34.07 202 1.95 34.32 200 1.90 34.31 293 2.70 34.55 300 2.65 34.55 367 1.88 34.54 400 1.75 34.55 505 1.23 34.60 500 1.25 34.59 0 1.00 32.10 0 1.00 32.10 25.74 22 -1.23 33.01 25 -1.35 33.09 26.63 46 -1.55 33.29 50 -1.55 33.32 26.83 68 -1.54 33.46 75 -1.55 33.56 27.03 91 -1.61 33.63 100 -1.60 33. 65 27.10 136 -1.60 33.72 150 -1.55 33.74 27.17 182 -1.39 33.80 200 -1.05 33.85 27.24 251 -0.06 34.04 300 1.30 34.28 27.46 341 2.18 34.46 400 1.90 34.50 27.60 476 1.48 34.52 (500)... 1.35 34.53 27.66 Station 8357; 24 July; 66°26' N., 58°38' W.; depth 669 m.; dynamic height 1454.770 0 1.46 32.18 0 1.46 32.18 25.78 26 -1.57 33.04 25 -1.55 33.02 26.59 53 -1.52 33.32 50 -1.55 33.29 26.80 79 -1.60 33.52 75 -1.60 33.50 26.98 106 -1.59 33.67 100 -1.60 33.62 27.08 158 -1.61 33.74 150 -1.60 33.72 27.16 211 -0.93 33.91 200 -1.25 33.87 27.27 304 1.67 34.37 300 1.60 34. 36 27.51 404 2.27 34.61 400 2.25 34.61 27.66 645 1.22 34.52 600 1.40 34.54 27.67 Station 8358; 24 July; 66°40' N., 58°54' W.; depth 860 m.; dynamic height 1454.798 0 0.57 32. 48 0 0.57 32.48 26.07 26 -1.38 32.96 25 -1.35 32.93 26.51 53 -1.56 33.22 50 -1.55 33.21 26.74 79 -1.59 33.40 75 -1.60 33.38 26.88 105 -1.60 33.62 100 -1.60 33.60 27.06 157 -1.60 33. 75 150 -1.60 33.74 27.17 210 -1.55 33.79 200 -1.55 33.78 27.20 315 0.81 34.21 300 0.40 34.13 27.40 402 2.03 34.5b 400 2.05 34.50 27.59 607 0.90 34.48 600 0.95 34.49 27.65 815 0.53 34. 48 800 0.55 34.48 27.67 138 TABLE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA STATIONS OCCUPIED IN 1962— Continued Observed values Scaled values Observed values Scaled values Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Tem- Salin- Depth, pera- ity, Depth, pera- itv,