OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS AND FORESTS OF THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO for the fiscal year ending MARCH 31, 1963 ONTARIO \ THE DETAILED ANNUAL REPORT of th( Minister of Lands and Forests f th( or rne PROVINCE OF ONTARIO For the Year ending March 31st, 1963 ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS To His Honour, The Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May It Please Your Honour: The undersigned begs respectfully to present to your Honour, the Annual Report of the Department of Lands and Forests for the fiscal year beginning April 1st, 1962, and ending March 31st, 1963. y/€^^<^^ A. Kelso Roberts, Minister / CONTENTS ACCOUNTS BRANCH 3 CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES BRANCH 23 Authority Programs 26 Conservation, Land Use _. 30 Recreation 34 FISH AND WILDLIFE BRANCH 39 Wildlife Open Seasons 41 Game Management 59 Fur Management 88 Wolf Bounty 94 Fur Farming 96 Field Services 99 Game Fish and Hatcheries 105 The Commercial Fishery 112 FOREST PROTECTION BRANCH 119 Forest Protection Section 121 Forest Fire Statistics 125 Air Service Section 138 LANDS AND SURVEYS BRANCH 147 Surveys Section 147 Lands Section 159 Engineering Section 161 Land Use Planning Section 163 LAW BRANCH 183 Legislation 183 Regulations 187 Orders-in-Council 189 Federal-Provincial Agreements 192 OPERATIONS BRANCH 195 Office Management Section 195 Central Warehouse Section 198 Conservation Information Section 199 Conservation Education Section 203 PARKS BRANCH 207 PERSONNEL BRANCH 235 RESEARCH BRANCH 243 Wildlife Research 245 Fisheries Research 248 Forestry Research 253 Statistics and Mensuration 263 Mechanical Research 264 TIMBER BRANCH 269 Reforestation Section 269 Silviculture Section 275 Timber Section 286 Timber Sales 292 Crown Timber Licences 302 Volume and Value of Timber Cut 312 Trucks which travel winter roads are unloaded by crane at the dump on Aubinadong River in Sault Ste. Marie Forest District. Debarked poles, the merchantable product of a management cutting in Orr Lake Forest, managed by Lands and Forests for Simcoe County. ACCOUNTS BRANCH DURING the year ended March 31st, 1963, cash receipts of the Department of Lands and Forests totalled $22,573,860.35. Total cash disbursements amounted to $28,514,067.40, representing an excess of $5,940,270.05 in disbursements over receipts. While total receipts of the Department have maintained the steady but nominal increase indicated in the past few years, it should be noted that revenues from the sale of park permits and hunting and fishing licences have increased at an above average rate. This increase has in part been offset by a reduction in the collection of Crown Dues due to the cutback in timber operations during the 1961-62 operating year. Expenditures on the ordinary account have decreased from the previous year as the Department experienced a normal fire season. A substantial increase in grants to Conservation Authorities will be noted, reflecting the commencement of construction of water control projects by several Conservation Authorities. ACCOUNTS BRANCH Chief: R. R. MacBean Assistant Chief: F. M. Baker INTERNAL AUDIT Internal Audit & Field Inspections SYSTEMS & PROCEDURES REVENUE ACCOUNTING Cash Receiving, Accounts Receivable Issue of Fish & Wildlife Licences, Park Permits, Timber Accounts, Land Sales Land Tax, Rentals EXPENDITURE & GENERAL ACCOUNTING Payrolls, Accounts Payable Accounting Machine Operations BUDGET ACCOUNTING Budget Estimates & Forecasts, Financial Reports LAND TAX ADMINISTRATION Assessments, Appeals, Addressograph GENERAL Secretarial Department Mail Services FINANCIAL REPORT For Year Ended March 31st, 1963 1. Cash Receipts and Disbursements The following shows the result of operations for the year: Total — Cash Disbursements $28,514,067.40 Cash Receipts 22,573,860.35 Excess of Disbursements over Receipts $5,940,207.05 2. Comparison of Receipts and Disbursements with those of the Previous Two Years (a) Receipts Years ending March 31st Branch 1961 1962 1963 $ $ $ Accounts 1,273,216. 1,281,756. 1,900,718. Fish and Wildlife 4,848,111. 5,054,516. 5,324,796. Forest Protection 84,823. 75,803. 84,250. Lands and Surveys 1,004,861. 1,085,012. 1,062,874. Parks 995,573.(1) 990,311. 1,370,563.(2) Timber 13,449,813. 13,518,005. 12,816,859. Conservation Authorities 13,800. 21.656.397. 22.005.403. 22,573,860. (1) Includes $195,128.64 Federal contribution lor winter work program. (2) Includes $218,916.40 Federal contribution under Camp Grounds and Picnic Areas agreement. (b) Disbursements $ $ $ Chargeable to Ordinary Account __ 23,229,038. 26,606,121. 25,579,140. Chargeable to Capital Disbursements 48,010. 1,413,973. 2,934,927. 23,277,048. 28,020,094. 28,514,067. STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS For Year Ending RECEIPTS ACCOUNTS BRANCH Provincial Land Tax $ 1,672,927.66 Sale of Maps, Casual Fees, etc. 106,760.02 $ 1,779,687.68 Govefrnment of Canada Repayments under Tech- nical and Vocational Training Agreement — 121,030.43 $ 1,900,718.11 FISH AND WILDLIFE BRANCH Licences, Royalties and Sundry (See Statement No. 3) 5,324,796.37 FOREST PROTECTION BRANCH Forest Protection Section Recovery of Fire Fighting Costs and Miscellaneous 59,717.73 Air Service Section Flying Fees 24,532.33 84,250.06 LANDS AND SURVEYS BRANCH Lands Section Land Sales (Capital) $ 627,053.97 Land Rentals Leases and Licences of Occupation 375,111.39 Miscellaneous 25,390.59 Park Rentals Leases and Licences of Occupation Algonquin $ 14,431.86 Rondeau 17,165.74 Presqu'ile 2,410.76 Long Point 1,131.76 Other Parks 177.60 35,317.72 1,062,873.67 PARKS BRANCH Park Concessions Rentals $ 71,646.31 Permits (All Parks) Vehicle $507,656.50 Campsite 537,997.00 Boat 9,655.00 Guide 4,344.00 1,059,652.50 Miscellaneous 20,348.14 $ 1,151,646.95 Government of Canada Repayments under Camp Grounds and Picnic Arenas Agreement 218,916.40 1,370,563.35 Carried forward $ 9,743,201.56 6 Statement No. I AND DISBURSEMENTS March 31st, 1963 DISBURSEMENTS MAIN OFFICE Minister's Salary — Statutory $ 12,000.00 Salaries $2,272,679.45 Travelling Expenses 82,818.20 Maintenance and Operating 41,307.73 2,396,805.38 Damages and Other Claims, Sundry Contingencies, etc. 1,970.99 Workmen's Compensation 161,887.06 Unemployment Insurance 64,404.13 Annuities and Bonuses to Indians 33,172.00 Advisory Committee to the Minister 4,595.43 River Valley Conservation Surveys 122,790.65 $ 2,797,625.64 FIELD SERVICES BASIC ORGANIZATION — District Offices Salaries $13,693,246.70 Travelling Expenses 622,230.54 Maintenance and Operating 3,789,266.93 Equipment — other than Fore.st Fire Suppression 791,307.67 $18,896,051.84 Less: Federal Contribution 1,080,845.30 17,815,206.54 EXTRA FIRE FIGHTING Wages, etc.. Maintenance and Operating $ 529,784.81 Forest Fire Suppression Equipment 170,285.17 700,069.98 AIR SERVICE SECTION Salaries $ 604,928.73 Travelling Expenses 11,992.85 Maintenance and Operating : 479,748.16 1,096,669.74 LANDS AND SURVEYS Ground Surveys 278,144.72 Lake-of-the-Woods and Lac Seul Storage Dams — Control and Maintenance 1,518.34 279,663.06 PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION Salaries, etc., Maintenance and Operating 196,733.14 Carried forward $22,885,968.10 RECEIPTS For Year Ended March 31st, 1963 Brought Forward $ 9,743,201.56 TIMBER BRANCH Timber Section Timber Dues, Bonus, etc. (See Statement No. 2) $12,623,877.22 Cash Deposits — Excess of Re- funds over Deposits 7,969.46 $12,615,907.76 Government of Canada Repay- ments under Forest Inventory- Agreement 1,492.10 $12,617,399.86 Logging Roads — Recovery of Construction Costs (Capital) 94,297.80 $12,711,697.66 Reforestation Section Sale of Nursery Trees $ 103,849.18 Government of Canada Repay- ments under Forest Inventory Agreement 1,312.35 105,161.53 12,816,859.19 CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES BRANCH Government of Canada — Repayments under Flood Control Agreements 13,799,60 TOTAL RECEIPTS $22,573,860.35 Excess of Disbursements over Receipts 5,940,207.05 $28,514,067.40 Statement No. I (Cont'd) DISBURSEMENTS For Year Ended March 31st, 1963 Brought Forward $22,885,968.10 GRANTS Association of Ontario Land Surveyors $ 200.00 Ontario Forestry Association 10,000.00 Grants to Municipalities under The Forestry Act (See Statement No. 6) 139,728.89 Grants to Conservation Authorities (See State- ment No. 8) 417,960.05 Grants to Municipalities under The Parks Assistance Act (See Statement No. 7) 107,712.41 Ontario Research Foundation 50,000.00 Jack Miner Migratory Bird Foundation, Inc. 3,000.00 Thomas N. Jones 300.00 Ontario Fur Breeders' Association, Inc. 5,000.00 Ontario Council of Commercial Fisheries 2,500.00 Ontario Trappers' Association 5,000.00 Niagara Parks Commission 30,000.00 771,401.35 WOLF BOUNTY 44,664.oo PARKS IMPROVEMENTS Acquisition of Land $ 482,692.71 Land Improvements, Sundry Buildings and Structures 1,111,939.00 Construction of Major Buildings 74,088.19 Picnic Tables, Grills, Refuse Containers and other Equipment 159,843.42 $ 1,828,563.32 Less: Federal Contribution 197,975.29 1,630,588.03 MAINTENANCE OF ACCESS ROADS Salaries, etc., Maintenance and Operating 246,518.23 LOGGING ROADS (CAPITAL) Construction Costs (Recovered — See Receipts) 94,297.80 GRANTS TO CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES (CAPITAL) — (See Statement No. 8) $ 3,979,389.83 Less: Federal Contributions under Flood Control Agreements 1,138,759.94 2,840,629.89 TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS $28,5i4,067.40 TIMBER TIMBER ANALYSIS OF CASH For Year Ending Crown Districts Dues Chapleau $ 448,382.74 Cochrane 1,179,999.27 Fort Frances 365,468.30 Geraldton 1,451,340.90 Gogama 342,528.44 Kapuskasing 1,546,242.77 Kenora 945,624.26 Lindsay 94,892.79 North Bay 461,949.25 Parry Sound 209,392.03 Pembroke 549,266.36 Port Arthur 1,025,834.15 Sault Ste. Marie __ 613,636.42 Sioux Lookout 677,000.85 Sudbury 302,373.85 Swastika 495,918.79 Tweed 194,990.60 White River 477,859.59 Other Districts 35,464.54 Federal Forestry Agreement Ground Rent Forest Protection Charges Interest, Scalers' Wages, Mill Licenses, Etc. $11,418,165.90 Percentage of Total Timber Revenue _ ; 1,003.00 $ 12,838.40 $ 1,282.66 7,175.00 91,840.00 3,064.55 852.00 10,905.60 217.69 13,584.00 173,868.62 10,245.28 1,927.00 24,665.60 34.88 7,372.00 94,554.80 518.48 10,425.00 133,440.00 332.32 202.00 2,585.80 183.00 3,412.00 43,673.60 2,541.24 1,219.00 15,603.20 753.46 5,761.00 74,611.87 249.67 12,907.00 165,209.60 348.89 3,812.00 49,045.74 112.65 1,592.00 20,377.60 372.42 4,444.00 58,279.72 1,334.26 1,907.00 25,209.80 1,127.13 488.00 6,316.50 506.83 5,820.00 76,031.20 568.12 1.00 17,581.14 1,376.00 $83,903.00 $1,096,638.79 $25,169.53 90.45 .66 8.69 .20 10 Statement No. 2 BRANCH SECTION RECEIPTS BY DISTRICTS March 31st. 1963 Total Percentages of Cash Deposits Federal Total Timber Timber Total Timber Received & Forestry Revenue & Revenue Revenue Refunded Agreement Cash Deposits $ 463,506.80 3.67 $ 463,506.80 1,282,078.82 10.16 $10,589.41 1,292,668.23 377,443.59 2.99 2,600.00(Cr.) 374,843.59 1,649,038.80 13.06 4,161.07(Cr.) 1,644,877.73 369,155.92 2.93 3,000.00 372,155.92 1,648,688.05 13.06 8,000.00 (Cr.) 1,640,688.05 1,089,821.58 8.63 2,546.31(Cr.) 1,087,275.27 97,863.59 .78 8,185.84(Cr.) 89,677.75 511,576.09 4.05 2,350.00 513,926.09 226,967.69 1.80 1,063.14 228,030.83 629,888.90 4.99 2,111.95 632,000.85 1,204,299.64 9.54 1,514.67 1,205,814.31 666,606.81 5.28 40.01 (Cr.) 666,566.80 699,342.87 5.54 8,334.83(Cr.) 691,008.04 366,431.83 2.90 8,580.57(Cr.) 357,851.26 524,162.72 4.15 524,162.72 202,301.93 1.60 10,150.00 212,451.93 560,278.91 4.44 3,700.00 563,978.91 54,422.68 .43 $1,492.10 54,422.68 1,492.10 $12,623,877.22 100% $ 7,969.46 (Cr.) $1,492.10 $12,617,399.86 100.00% 11 Statement No. 3 FISH AND WILDLIFE BRANCH Analysis of Cash Receipts For Year Ended March 31st, 1963 FISHERIES Licences Angling $2,608,571.61 Commercial Fishing 93,612.00 Smelt 18,144.10 $2,720,327.71 Royalty Commercial Fishing 2,705.00 $2,723,032.71 GAME Licences Non-Resident Hunting $1,041,489.70 Bear 1,536.00 Deer 478,443.69 Moose 363,094.80 Ground Hog 28,198.78 Gun 301,142.56 Dog 22,186.90 Trappers 33,031.00 : Fur Dealers 3,488.00 Fur Farmers 5,285.00 Pheasant 6,200.00 Tanners 105.00 Cold Storage 219.00 $2,284,420.43 Royalty Game 222,233.80 2,506,654.23 GENERAL Licences Guides 9,724.00 Wild Rice 14.00 Hunt Camp Permits 1,460.00 Fines 47,389.23 Cosits Collected 936.50 Sales — Confiscated Articles 18,183.02 — General 886.29 Pheasant Tags 1,665.90 Miscellaneous 14,850.49 95,109.43 $5,324,796.37 12 Statement No. 4 RESEARCH BRANCH Statement of Expenditure For Year Ended March 31st, 1963 PROGRAMS Forestry 1 $328,609.97 Fisheries 303,588.86 Mechanical 34,144.99 Physical 24,850.66 Statistical and Mensuration 25,822.85 Wildlife 135,752.91 Branch Administration 73,088.17 Maintenance Costs — Maple Station 61,799.91 $987,658.32 13 TOTAL EXPENDITURE ALLOCATED For Year Ended Forest Total Protection Lands Timber Ordinary Expenditure Main Office 2,797,626. 448,423. 192,015. 550,535. Surveys 279,663. Basic Organization (before deducting Federal Contributions, $1,080,845.) __ 18,896,052. 5,054,428. 516,524. 5,664,299. Extra Fire Fighting 700,070. 700,070. Public Information and Education 196,733. 46,890. 3,825. 39,056. Air Service 1,096,670. Grants 741,401. 189,729. Wolf Bounties 44,664. Parks Improvements (before deducting Federal Contributions, $197,975.) 1,828,563. Maintenance of Access Roads 246,518. 27,297. 11,205. 179,125. Grants — Niagara Parks Commission 30,000. 26,857,960. 6,277,108. 723,569. 6,622,744. Distribution of General Expenditure and Administration Costs Over Main Services Air Service (as per analysis) 648,025. 28,180. 154,330. Field Administration (pro-rated) 562,620. 60,143. 529,639. — Percentage 29.0% 3.1% 27.3% Research (as per analysis) 56,498. 13,132. 408,623. Surveys (pro rated) 7,359. 537,213. 125,104. — Percentage 1.0% 73.0% 17.0% 26,857,960. 7,551,610. 1,362,237. 7,840,440. Less: Federal Contributions applied as Credits Forestry Agreement — Forest Inventory (as per costs) 200,000. 50,000. 30,000. 80,000. — Planting 500,000. 500,000. — Fire Fighting Equipment 290,018. 290,018. — Forest Access Roads 12,644. 12,644. Resources Development Agreement 78,183. Campgrounds — Picnic Areas Agreement 197,975. TOTAL ORDINARY EXPENDITURE 25,579,140. 7,211,592. 1,332,237. 7,247,796. Capital Disbursennents Construction of Logging Roads 94,297. 94,297. Grants to Conservation Authorities 2,840,630. TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS 28,5i4,067. 7,211,592. 1,332,237. 7,342,093. Percentage of Total 25.3% 4.7% 25.7% 14 Statement No. 5 TO AAAIN SERVICES RENDERED 3lsf March, 1963 Fish and Conservation Air Field Ad- Wildlife Parks Authorities Service Research Surveys ministration $ ? ? ? ? * * 376,684. 292,907. 449,736. 70,620. 55,415. 361,291. 279,663. 1,790,510. 1,741,095. 10,984. 161,992. 987,658. 38,492. 1,930,070. 81,193. 15,800. 44,664. 23,296. 107,712. 2,473. 417,960. 1,096,670. 200. 10,000. 1,990. 1,828,563. 26,901. 30,000. 3,310,841. 4,050,474. 881,153. 1,329,282. 1,043,073. 679,646. 1,940,070. 451,823. 46,924. *1,329,282. 302,651. 304,591. 38,801. 85,363. 56,262. *1,940,070. 15.6% 15.7% 2% 4.4% 639,223. 10,960. *1,128,436. 7,359. 58,873. *735,908. 1.0% 8.0% 4,711,897. 4,471,822. 919,954. 40,000. 78,183. 197,975. 4,693,714. 4,273,847. 919,954. 2,840,630. 4,593,714. 4,273,847. 3,760,584. 16.1% 15.0% 13.2% * Deductions 15 S+a+emen+ No. 6 Grants to Municipalities and Conservation Authorities Under the Forestry Act, R.S.O. 1960 (To aid in the acquisition of Forest Areas) MUNICIPALITIES: Counties: Grey $ 4,548.30 Lanark 2,695.30 Leeds and Grenville 1,525.15 Lennox and Addington 1,155.65 Middlesex 6,928.60 Renfrew 9,049.45 Simcoe 25,583.12 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry 3,412.27 Williamsburg- 1,716.02 York 5,609.30 $62,223.16 CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES: Ausable River $ 3,305.40 Big Creek Region 4,346.82 Catfish Creek 2,132.00 Ganaraska River 8,564.35 Grand Valley 5,389.95 Moira River 6,735.29 Napanee Valley 690.85 Neebing Valley 409.25 North Grey Region 16,326.95 Otter Creek 22,169.27 Saug-een Valley 6,583.89 Spencer Creek 180.89 Upper Thames River 670.82 77,505.73 $139,728.89 16 Statement No. 7 Grants to Municipalities for Municipal Camping Areas Under the Parks Assistance Act, R.S.O. 1960 Municipal Camping Areas: Town of Cochrane $ 1,501.60 City of Fort William 4,950.98 Town of Huntsville 2,975.00 Township of Innisfil 13,090.92 Town of Kenora 8,323.15 Town of Listowel 4,000.00 Town of Orillia 8,660.77 Township of Orillia 6,352.19 City of Peterborough 18,075.67 City of Sarnia and Township of Samia 3,799.53 City of Sudbury 30,364.50 Town of Thessalon 1,691.68 Town of Wingham 3,926.42 $107,712.41 17 Statejfrent No. 8 Grants to Conservation Authorities Under the Conservation Authorities Act, R.S.O. 1960 as amended 1961-62 Conservation Authorities Administration Ausable River $ 14,528.35 Big Creek Region 9,317.54 Catfish Creek 771.10 Central Lake Ontario 1,643.09 Credit Valley 19,479.83 Crowe Valley 1,299.92 Ganaraska River 2,525.93 Grand Valley 35,989.77 Holland Valley 2,197.87 Junction Creek 1,579.77 Lower Thames Valley 5,691.03 Maitland Valley 3,500.00 Mattagami Valley 630.41 Metropolitan Toronto and Region 195,022.67 Moira River 6,639.56 Napanee Valley 1,122.26 Neebing Valley 877.41 Niagara Peninsula 17.711.88 North Grey Region 5,293.85 Nottawasaga Valley 969.74 Otonabee Region 7,535.26 Otter Creek 3,992.43 Sauble Valley 1,545.35 Saugeen Valley 12,248.65 Sixteen Mile Creek 10,130.05 South Nation River 759.54 Spencer Creek 2,883.49 Sydenham Valley 4,986.57 Twelve Mile Creek 10,615.86 Upper Thames River 35,911.23 Whitson Valley 559.64 Development Total $ 3,882.58 $ 18,410.93 10,391.90 19,709.44 771.10 1,643.09 33,769.91 53,249.74 183.97 1,483.89 516.48 3,042.41 46,197.11 82,186.88 20,096.05 22,293.92 36,529.77 38,109.54 947.79 6,638.82 785.60 4,285.60 630.41 3,129,955.28 3,324,977.95 4,206.42 10,845.98 510.81 1,633.07 877.41 30,994.35 48,706.23 6,872.71 12,166.56 2,091.03 3,060.77 7,597.99 15,133.25 398.59 4,391.02 283.36 1,828.71 6,861.98 19,110.63 46,338.83 56,468.88 759.54 18,825.63 21,709.12 4,986.57 23,430.37 34,046.23 547,721.32 583,632.55 559.64 $417,960.05 $3,979,389.83 $4,397,349.88 Less: Federal Contribution 1,138,759.94 1,138,759.94 $417,960.05 $2,840,629.89 $3,258,589.94 18 CO K ill S 0> UJ en X cr. u 3 < GQ 2 (/) ^■iB ^B O «» lO -J o < Id O UJ - F o z h- IaJ li- liJ O H Q QC S iU a: h- S>!°SS^5^S5!f*~o«vo* pj o 1 i 1 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ™ ■ ■ 1 ■ !■ 1 ■ ■ ■ I^^^^^^^^^H 1 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ sdvnioa JO SNonnii/^ 19 (/) K 0> CL UJ T O O UJ €C OC < _l M < lO ^ 7 o 2 UJ o UJ , 1 CO ^ < UJ o >- H z UJ u. 1- o UJ z 1- o z K £ savnnoa jo SNonnm 20 UJ 3 2! o UJ UJ > < _l UJ _J UJ ro tr o CO CD ^ a: c6 Ul en UJ q: < 5 S < X - H Ul. < 1 Z Ui > u_ a. u UJ IT Ul X Q O z 3 H O rr o cr o CO Ul s Q 3 Q ^ Ul Z o cr o Sdvnioa JO SNonnin 21 Hon. A. Kelso Rober+s, Q.C. (left), Minister of Lands and Forests, and Hon. Arthur Laing, Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources, detonate a charge of dynamite at ground-breaking ceremonies at Claireville Dam in Peel County. 22 CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES BRANCH THE Conservation Authorities Branch was transferred to the Department of Lands and Forests from the Department of Economics and Development on January 1, 1962. The Branch was originally established as a part of the Department of Planning and Development in 1944. The Conservation Authorities Branch is concerned with the administration of The Conservation Authorities Act (1946). Under the Act, Conservation Authorities may be established on the basis of a watershed or drainage area of a stream or group of streams. The Branch advises and assists Conservation Authorities in carrying out conservation projects within the watersheds under their jurisdiction. The Branch is also concerned with the administration of The Grand River Conservation Act, 1938, and with the Parks Assistance Act, 1960. Conservation Authorities are corporate bodies and involve the concept of local responsibility for the development and management of the resources of a watershed. The Act gives an Authority power to undertake programs in all fields of conservation. The initiative to form an Authority must come from the local municipal level. Once formed, an Authority retains the initiative to carry out conservation programs in its watershed. It is only when a Government grant is requested that the Branch examines the proposed project to ascertain if Provincial funds will be wisely expended. CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES On March 31, 1963, there were thirty-one Conservation Authorities in Ontario. These Authorities cover 21,586 square miles and include 460 municipalities. No new Conservation Authorities were formed in the year ending March 31, 1963. The Neebing Valley Conservation Authority was enlarged from 86 square miles to 980 square miles and was renamed the Lakehead Region Conservation Authority. It now includes all of the organized municipalities in the Lakehead area. Conservation Surveys and Reports Newly established Conservation Authorities are not generally in a position to carry out an examination of the conservation problems of their watersheds. It has been Government policy, since the establishment of the first Authorities in 1946, to carry out at no expense to the Authority preliminary investigations of the resources of the watersheds concerned. These surveys are often the first service rendered to a new Authority. Information gathered in the surveys becomes the basis of a conservation report to the Authority. In recent years, special surveys for older established Authorities have been undertaken by the Branch on the request of the Authority. Conservation reports compiled from the surveys treat the conservation 23 CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES BRANCH Chief: A. S. L. BARNES PLANNING & PROJECTS Supervisor: F. G. Jackson Field Supervision A. D. Latornell Wildlife & Recreation K. M. May all Forestry P. M. R. Harvie Parks Inspection H. J. Christian Land Use ENGINEERING Supervisor: J. W. Murray Project Engineering F. J. Forbes C. R. Leuty Surveys A. F. Smith Flood Forecasts B. P. Sangal Hydrometeorology D. N. McMullen (Government of Canada) 24 problems of the watershed under such headings as history, land use, forestry, water, wildlife and recreation. The conservation reports deal with the use and development of the watershed's renewable resources on an integrated basis. Water problems are related to agricultural and forest uses of the land and to the growing urban demands. Forest use of the land is related to its agricultural capability. Wildlife and recreational resources are related to the water and land resources. The conservation reports become a working plan for the Authority to follow if it so wishes. CONSERVATION SURVEYS. 1962-63 Authority Area Surveys Nottawasaga 1,210 sq. mi. forestry, land, recreation, wildlife Sydenham 1,052 sq. mi. water, land Lower Thames 869 sq. mi. water, land Central Lake Ontario 242 sq. mi. water Mattagami 34 sq. mi. water, forestry Niagara (Welland R.) 950 sq. mi. pollution CONSERVATION REPORTS PUBLISHED Mattagami Authority Forest and Water Sections Lower Thames Authority Recreation Section Sydenham Authority Recreation Section Central Lake Ontario Authority Recreation and Wildlife Sections Sauble Authority Complete Report Otter Creek Authority Printed Summary of Complete Report Authority Administration An Authority must assume initiative for carrying out a conservation program in its watershed. It is Department policy to provide financial assistance to Authorities for the carrying out of capital projects as well as for administration of projects and general Authority work. Financial assistance at the present time amounts to a 50-per-cent grant for most Authority programs. On capital schemes, when an Authority requests financial or technical assistance from the Province, it must submit a detailed description (a brief) of the proposed project (a scheme) to the Conservation Authorities Branch. The scheme must be approved by the Minister before a grant can be given. Briefs must be submitted for such capital schemes as dams and reservoirs and other water control works, and for the acquisition and development of land for recreation, reforestation and other conservation purposes. Grants may also be made to the Authorities for ordinary or administrative costs. Included in these costs are per diem and travel to Authority members, salaries and expenses of Authority staff, office equipment, rents, utilities and other costs involved in the administration of the Authority program. Also included for grant in ordinary expenditures are Authority costs of vehicles and machinery, tree planting and soil conservation assistance programs, printed material, exhibits, 25 land investigations and various small conservation projects. No grants are paid toward maintenance of Authority projects. Certain preliminary engineering work done by Authorities in the early stages of development of water control projects receives a 75-per-cent grant. For large water control projects, the Government of Canada, through The Canada Water Conservation Assistance Act, may contribute on the basis of 3 7 1/2 per cent of the cost of approved projects. The Province makes an equal grant on such projects, leaving the Authority with 25 per cent to be raised from its member municipalities. The Authorities' funds for all conservation purposes are raised from the member municipalities. The basis of levy is either on a per capita basis, an assessment basis, or a combination of both. Grants to Conservation Authorities under The Conservation Authorities Act are listed in Accounts Branch Statement No. 8. Winter Works Projects A number of Authorities carried out conservation projects under the Winter Works Incentive Program in 1962. These assisted in relieving unemployment in the Authority municipalities, and assisted the Authority, as well, in starting or completing certain conservation projects. In summary: — Number of Authorities with winter works programs 15 Number of projects undertaken 38 Total cost of projects $518,580.00 Total direct project cost $238,530.00 Total number of men employed 355 Total number of man hours 20,000 AUTHORITY PROGRAMS Water Control Three Authorities have agreements with the Government of Canada for flood control and water conservation programs. Agreements were signed in 1961 by the Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority and the Ausable River Conservation Authority. The total estimated cost of all projects being carried out by these three Authorities under their agreements is about 50 million dollars. Many Conservation Authorities were originally established for flood control purposes. Almost all of the thirty-one Authorities in the Province have carried out water control projects of some nature. While good land use practices play an important role in reducing floods, in many instances flood control is only completely achieved by means of engineered structures. These structures have taken the form of large and small dams, channel improvement works, and by-pass channels. The Fanshawe Dam, on the Thames River just above London, is an example of a large dam, now completed. Others are under construction on the Thames 26 and Humber watersheds. General improvement works may be seen in the Humber River at Weston, the Don River at Hogg's Hollow, and in the Thames at IngersoU and Mitchell. The diversion of the Etobicoke River at Brampton, built in 1949 and 1950 by the Etobicoke Conservation Authority (now incorporated in the Metropolitan Toronto and Region Authority), shows the function of a by-pass channel. Reservoirs impounded by large dams may have recreation value as well as flood control. The Upper Thames River Conservation Authority has developed the Fanshawe Reservoir for recreation. Over 125,000 people used the beach, water, and camping facilities in 1962. In addition to large dams and reservoirs, a number of Authorities have built smaller dams. Small dams have value for irrigation water supply, regulation of summer flow and municipal water supply. The Morrison Dam at Exeter built by the Ausable River Conservation Authority, the Kelso Dam near Milton constructed by the Sixteen-Mile Authority and the Kelly Lake Dam in the Junction Creek at Sudbury, built by the Junction Authority, are examples of small multi-use structures. WATER CONTROL PROJECTS 1962 EXPENDITURES FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL-AUTHORITY AGREEMENTS (a) Cost Sharing: Canada — 37'/2 %, Ontario — 37'/2%, Authority — 25 % Engineering & Authority Project Construction Costs Land Costs RESERVOIRS M.T.R.C.A. Claireville 62,595 247,945 Ebenezer 25,133 40,194 Bolton 223 185,594 King Creek 2,171 Finch 12,616 Boyd 7,354 Willowdale 34,382 U.T.V.C.A. Wildwood 46,895 412,178 Woodstock 39,433 2,805 Mitchell 131,277 305,556 945,139 CHANNEL IMPROVEMENTS M.T.R.C.A. Black Creek 543,700 55,165 Woodbridge 454,185 13,292 York Mills 12,125 2,000 U.T.V.C.A. Woodstock Cedar Creek 8,994 13,183 1,032,187 70,457 WATERSHED STUDIES M.T.R.CA. Don River Humber, Main & Branches East 71,616 54,721 126,337 27 (b) Cost Sharing: Ontario — 50%. Authority — 50% Authority Project RESERVOIRS Engineering & Construction Costs Land Costs M.T.R.C.A. Snelgrove Milne Arthur Percy 9,402 1,368 264 9,877 54,594 M.T.R.C.A. M.T.R.C.A. WATERSHED STUDIES Duffin Creek 11,034 19,596 19,596 FLOOD PLAIN LANDS ACQUISITION Etobicoke Creek Mimico Creek Humber River Don River Highland Creek Rouge River Duffin Creek STANDARD WATER CONTROL SCHEMES Authority Junction SixbeeTi-Mile Project SMALL DAMS Kelly Lake Kelso 1962 Cost NEW CONSTRUCTION 61.617 97,950 159,567 SMALL DAMS — REPAIRS OR IMPROVEMENTS Big Creek Teeterville Quance Credit Belfountain Crowe Allan's Mill Marmora Ganaraska Garden Hill Grand Breslau Napanee Second Depot Lake North Grey Thornbury 22,881 CHANNEL IMPROVEMENTS 64,471 1,325 1,076 206,775 23,283 8,643 15,661 36,079 292,842 Ontario Grant 50% 50% 1,558 50% 432 50% 15,955 50% 179 50% 188 50% 594 50% 763 50% 208 50% 3,004 50%, Credit Erindale 8,428 50% Grand Nith River — New Hamburg 985 50% Nith River — Paris 3,226 50% M.T.R.C.A. Lower Humber 9,640 50% Main Humber 5,844 50% Don River — West Branch 2,582 50% Black Creek 69,043 50% Saugeen Walkerton 8,447 50% U.T.V.C.A. Mitchell 6,232 50% 114,427 28 Ontario Authority Project 1962 Cost Grant FLOOD PLAIN & RESERVOIR LAND ACQUISITION Credit Orangeville — Reservoir 739 50% Lower Thames Delaware Twp.— F.P.L. 250 50% M.T.R.C.A. Highland Creek— F.P.L. 100,457 50% Black Creek— F.P.L. 43,179 50% Highland, Humber— F.P.L. 86,676 50% Sauble Rankin River — Reservoir 416 50% Twelve-Mile Morriston — F.P.L. 1,087 50% 232,804 Grand Holland RESERVOIR IMPROVEMENT Breslau Fairy Lake 5,510 40,015 45,525 50% 50% STREAM GAUGES Credit Nerval Grand Whiteman Creek M.T.R.C.A. Humber Don Moira Skootamatta Spencer Dundas 331 50% 397 50% 5,524 50% 3,018 50% 1,346 50% 526 50% 11,142 PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING Credit Mullet Creek 1,825 75% Grand Speed River 3,755 75% Nith River 1,985 75% Junction Junction Creek 7,628 75% M.T.R.CA. Humber & Don Rivers 2,829 50% Mimico Creek 50,255 75% Otter Norwich Dam 2,249 75% Spencer Ancaster Creek 450 75% Twelve-Mile Mountsberg Reservoir 1,494 75% 72,470 Not all small dams in Authority control are new ones. A number of Authorities have acquired control of old mill dams and surrounding land. Necessary repairs have been carried out on these dams and they fulfil a valuable function of pooling water for the improvement of summer flow and for recreational use. Examples of such dam restoration are the Thornbury Dam on the Beaver River, repaired by the North Grey Region Conservation Authority, and the Credit River Dam at Belfountain, restored by the Credit Authority. In many river valleys, flood control can be effectively achieved by public control of the flood plain lands to prevent encroachment and building on the low lying land. Such control is necessary in conjunction with the building of dams and channel improvements. Three Authorities had flood plain land acquisition programs underway in 1962. Flood plain surveys and mapping, necessary pre- liminaries to land acquisition, were carried out in the valleys of several other Authorities. 29 Hydrometeoro!ogy and Flood Warning Variations in meteorological conditions have a pronounced effect on the flow pattern of the streams and rivers of Southern Ontario. Problems concerning the relationship between meteorology and hydrology must be considered in detail before control works can be established on a river. Hydrometeorological analyses are therefore an important part of the water studies undertaken by the Conservation Branch. An extensive network of precipitation and stream gauge stations has been established on the watersheds in Southern Ontario. Data from these stations are used to relate rainfall, snowmelt and soil moisture conditions to run-off. Such studies establish the characteristic of the stream under a variety of meteorological conditions. These studies are necessary to establish the capacity of reservoirs, the size and type of dam structures or channel improvements, and the availability of water for a number of uses. The need for a flood warning system in Ontario became abundantly clear following the disaster caused by Hurricane Hazel in 1954. In 1955 the Meteorological Branch of the Canada Department of Transport seconded a meteorologist to the Conservation Authorities Branch to establish a flood warning system. The hydrometeorologist is responsible for maintaining a watch over conditions, issuing flood forecasts, supervising the operation of flood control reservoirs and establishing meteorological design criteria for river control structures. A basic feature of the flood warning system is the close co-operation between the Federal Government department responsible for weather forecasts and the Provincial Government department responsible for river control. The Meteorological Branch of the Canada Department of Transport, which is responsible for weather forecasting in Canada, issues the necessary weather data, weather forecasts, and warnings of severe weather conditions. The Conservation Authorities Branch applies this weather information to conditions existing on the watersheds and issues flood forecasts based on the results of the correlation of these two types of information. SOIL CONSERVATION AND LAND USE Authority projects in soil conservation form an important part of the overall program. The nature of these projects, however, is such that they are often less spectacular and hence less noticed than flood control structures or conservation and recreation projects. The use and management of soil is primarily the concern of the individual landowner. The major Government responsibility for assisting agriculture is vested in the Department of Agriculture. Conservation Authorities tend to limit soil conservation programs to publicizing the need for, and the value of, good soil management. In their programs, the Authorities work in close co-operation with the Department of Agriculture and the Ontario Agricultural College. The County Agricultural Representatives are usually members of the Authorities' land use advisory boards. FARM PONDS Two-thirds of the Conservation Authorities give financial and technical assistance to farm pond design and construction. Financial assistance is given in 30 grants ranging from $50 to $500 per pond. The amount of grant and conditions attached to it vary with the individual Authorities. In 1962, subsidies were paid on 133 ponds by 11 Conservation Authorities. Pond sites surveyed: — 480 in 16 Conservation Authorities. FARM DRAINAGE One Conservation Authority, the Metropolitan Toronto and Region, gives financial assistance towards the drainage of farm land. Upon completion of the drainage work to the satisfaction of the Department of Agriculture, the Authority gives a subsidy of two cents per tile. The Ausable River Conservation Authority has adopted an assistance policy through which it gives technical and financial assistance towards the building of proper outlets for farm tile drainage systems. GRASSED WATER COURSES Two Conservation Authorities extend financial assistance in the form of a subsidy to landowners to build an approved grass waterway on their farms. The maximum amount payable is $200 per farm. DEMONSTRATIONS One of the most effective ways of arousing interest in conservation farming and improved farm use practices is by demonstration. Conservation Authorities carry out land use demonstrations in several ways. One method is to purchase land and establish on it demonstrations of approved land management. The Grand Valley Conservation Authority has one such property of fifty acres on which they have carried out control of gullies, constructed a farm pond and done reforestation and pasture improvement work. Twelve Conservation Authorities have established demonstrations of such conservation measures as pasture management, reforestation, gully control, stream- bank erosion control and contouring and strip-cropping on Authority-owned properties. These demonstrations have proved an effective means of informing the public of the value of conservation measures. The Saugeen Valley Conservation Authority has established a demonstration pasture farm on land that tends towards the marginal for most farming purposes. This demonstration shows the possibilities of various types of pasture management and seed mixtures for these classes of land. The demonstration has attracted considerable interest. LAND JUDGING COMPETITIONS A project becoming increasingly popular is the land judging competition. Many of them are sponsored jointly by Conservation Authorities, the Ontario Agricultural College and the Department of Agriculture. In 1962, eight Con- servation Authorities helped to sponsor thirteen land judging competitions. 31 AUTHORITY LAND USE AND FOREST ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Program Authority Ponds Assistance Big Creek Niagara Credit North Grey Ganaraska Otonabee Grand Saugeen Holland Sixteen-Mile Lower Thames Twelve-Mile Maitland Spencer M.T.R.C.A. Sydenham Moira Upper Thames Pasture Demonstrations Gully Control Land Judging Competitions (one or more sponsored in co-operation with the Department of Agri- culture) Private lands reforestation assist- ance (type and amount of assist- ance varies between Authorities) Saugeen — Bell's Lake M.T.R.C.A.— Albion Hills Grand — Elora Grand — Smeltzer Big Creek Grand Ausable Central Lake Ontario Grand Lower Thames M.T.R.C.A. Ausable Big Creek Central Lake Ontario Credit Grand Holland M.T.R.C.A. Moira Niagara M.T.R.C.A. Credit Niagara Otonabee Sixteen-Mile Twelve-Mile Upper Thames North Grey Otter Sauble Saugeen Spencer Sydenham Lower Thames Upper Thames FOREST CONSERVATION Forests have an important and often intangible part to play in a watershed management program. Forests are the natural covering for headwater areas, swamps and gravel moraines which give rise to many small tributary streams. Forests are often the only crop which can be grown on rough, rocky soils. Forests embrace other factors in the conservation program such as surface or underground water storage, wildlife management and recreation. Most conservation reports to the Authorities recommend the establishment of an Authority Forest. Authority Forests may consist of existing woodlands, plus areas of lands that must be reforested. The primary functions of an Authority Forest in the conservation of a watershed are the protection of source areas, the control and prevention of erosion and the return to forest of abandoned and open lands suitable only for reforestration. To date approximately one million acres have been recommended for acquisition by Authorities in the conservation repyorts. In 1962, 4,327 acres were added to the Authority Forests, bringing the total acreage to 58,425. The Ganaraska River Conservation Authority, one of the oldest Authorities in Ontario, has during the past fourteen years purchased over 40 per cent of the area recommended in its conservation report. 32 AUTHORITY FORESTS UNDER AGREEMENT Authority Area Purchased 1962 Total, Dec. 1962 Ausable 375 4,066 Big Creek 162 2,163 Catfish 133 Ganaraska 242 8,065 Grand 305 4,719 Lakehead 1,665 Maitland 466 M.T.R.C.A. 150 1,467 Moira 903 11,291 Napanee 800 5,063 North Grey 500 3,894 Otter 51 1,034 Sauble 1,580 Saugeen 627 9,395 Spencer 12 12 South Nation 187 187 Upper Thames 13 3,225 Totals 4,327 58,425 Reforestation Assistance to Landowners Various types of assistance are given by Conservation Authorities to private landowners in order to promote better land use in areas outside of the Authority Forest. Private owner assistance may include direct subsidization of private planting, or the provision of planting machinery and planting crews. In 1962, some 922,000 trees were planted by 11 Authorities under private lands reforestation assistance policies. This represents an area of about 770 acres. Trees for reforestation purposes on Authority watersheds are obtained from the nurseries operated by the Department. Landowners are responsible for ordering the seedling trees, and paying for them at the usual rate. A number of Authorities pick up the trees at the nursery as part of their tree planting service. WILDLIFE CONSERVATION Authorities are much concerned with the place of wildlife resources in their conservation program. Many of the Conservation Authorities have set up fish and wildlife advisory boards. The wide scope of Conservation Authority programs provides many opportunities for fish and wildlife management projects. Several Conservation Authorities are acquiring extensive areas of flood plain lands. Such properties make stretches of streams available. These purchases have included both habitat for warm water fish and for trout. In those areas where fishing pressure occurs, arangements have been made with the Department of Lands and Forests for stocking of the streams. Authorities are now being encouraged to include plans for fish and wildlife programs along with their engineering of flood control structures. Authorities are beginning to appreciate the value of tailwater fishing (particularly where a bottom discharge can provide trout habitat) and therefore to plan below a reservoir as well as above it. The excellent waterfowl hunting at the Luther Reservoir is a by-product of the flood control program of the Grand River Conservation Commission. 33 Two Conservation Authorities now are producing shrubs for wildlife habitat improvement. The Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority and the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority are making extensive use of the shrubs and trees produced in their own nurseries for planting in reforestation and conservation lands. Conservation Authorities have discovered that nature trails constructed in their conservation areas are an excellent means of providing public education as well as public enjoyment. Most of the Conservation Authorities have constructed nature trails in their major conservation areas. Research One Authority in particular, the Metropolitan Toronto and Region, has undertaken an extensive program in the field of research, particularly in the control of aquatic weeds and algae in farm ponds. The Authority is continuing its research into the construction features of farm ponds in relation to good fish habitat. They have also undertaken experimental planting of plots of various species of plants and shrubs which have value as wildlife habitat. Forest and Wildlife Conservation Areas Several Authorities are considering the acquisition and development of land for low intensity recreational use. These lands will have forest cover on a percentage of the area and generally include streams or ponds which can be developed for fishing. Wildlife habitat will be encouraged in the open spaces. Limited recreational facilities such as picnic tables will be provided. Primarily, such properties are for nature study and for fishing. The Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority has one such property, the Palgrave Fish and Wildlife Conservation Area in the Humber watershed, which has been developed along such lines. RECREATION Conservation reports made to Authorities contain a section dealing with the recreational resources of the watershed and include recommendations for develop- ment of some of these areas. Such recommendations are made in conjunction with others for the use of land — such as those dealing with the construction of reservoirs and with reforestation. Lands acquired by Authorities for conservation purposes, parts of which are used for recreation, are known as conservation areas. These areas are developed with such recreational facilities as picnic tables and shelters, fireplaces, swimming areas and beaches. Facilities for camping and boating, fishing and hunting, skating, skiing and nature study are also important. Recreational use of Authority lands is developed usually in conjunction with and ancillary to its other conservation uses; for example, recreation may be developed on flood plain lands, valley slopes, around source areas and reforestation lands, woodlands and wetlands acquired by the Authority. The creation of conservation areas with their recreational facilities has been one of the most important developments in many of the Authorities in the 34 Province. The fact that there has been such spectacular growth of conservation areas indicates first the need for such facilities and second the fact that these facilities can be developed as an adjunct to other conservation practices. Parts of many conservation areas have already been developed for intensive public use. Some other conservation areas have been acquired and are now being held until either the need for the use increases or the funds become available for more intensive development. The three Authorities which have agreements with the Federal and Provincial Governments for water control projects (referred to in the water section of this report) are planning extensive recreational development around some of the reservoirs. The acquisition and development of land for conservation areas usually receives a grant of 50 per cent from the Province. Maintenance costs, however, are borne entirely by the Authority. To meet these costs most Authorities charge an admission fee to the major areas. Authorities are free to set such admission fees as they see fit. A common charge levied by Authorities is 50c per car. CONSERVATION AREAS ATTENDANCE Authority 1960 1961 1962 Big Creek 36,000 125,000 80,000 Credit 96,000 88,000 96,000 Grand 178,000 185,000 231,000 M.T.R.C.A. 773.000 850,000 898,000 Niagara 48,000 58,000 70,000 Moira 22,000 Sixteen-Mile 22,000 Upper Thames 88,000 103,000 160,000 Others 243,000 262,000 225,000 Totals 1,462,000 1,671,000 1,804,000 CONSERVATION AREAS FACILITIES Number of Areas with Facilities for Recreation No. of Total Cons. Camping Facilities Authority Areas Acreage Picnics Swimming Fishing Dem.* Overnight Group Ausable 5 130 5 2 4 4 0 0 Big Creek 5 538 5 1 4 1 1 2 Credit 3 414 2 2 2 2 1 2 Ganaraska 3 57 3 1 1 1 0 0 Grand 4 747 4 3 4 2 4 3 Holland 1 40 1 0 0 1 0 0 M.T.R.C.A. 9 4,024 9 4 7 9 0 7 Moira 3 550 3 1 3 2 1 1 Napanee 1 320 1 1 1 1 0 0 Niagara 3 284 2 1 0 2 1 1 North Grey 4 215 3 4 4 2 0 0 Otonabee 2 290 1 1 1 2 0 0 Otter 2 25 2 0 0 1 0 0 Sauble 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Saugeen 6 89 6 3 3 1 1 1 Sixteen-Mile 5 575 3 2 4 3 1 1 Spencer 2 312 0 0 0 0 0 0 Twelve-Mile 5 636 4 1 1 2 1 0 Upper Thames 14 2,894 12 9 11 6 2 2 Grand Commission 3 81 334 3 70 2 38 2 52 1 43 2 15 0 Totals 12,476 20 * Conservation Demonstrations 35 PUBLIC RELATIONS Public relations are an important task of every Conservation Authority. The Authority has the problem of informing the public of why the Authority was formed, what are its objectives, and how the objectives can be met. The Authority must also show people why their conservation expenditures require tax dollars from watershed residents. The nature of conservation problems and the need for co-operation among a number of governing bodies must be pointed out. Authorities use every means of publicity and education that is available. These include the standard media of radio, television and press, as well as exhibits, demonstrations and field days. Authority staff and representatives give frequent talks to service clubs and other interested bodies. Authorities inaugurate and help carry out soil judging competitions. In the spring they hold tree planting days, competitions for school children, boy scout and girl guide organizations. During the school year they organize conservation scrap book competitions, bird house building competitions and leaf collections. Several Conservation Authorities have had films made of their watershed and their conservation projects. Notable among these films are the Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority's "A Town and its River", "Legacy of the Valley" and "Pioneer Village". A number of Authorities have published summaries of their activities for public distribution. HISTORY During the course of acquisition of lands for conservation purposes a number of Authorities have obtained control of historic sites and buildings. In order to preserve these, several Authorities have developed historic villages or restored old mills and buildings and made them accessible to the public. Examples of historic buildings which have been restored by Conservation Authorities include the mill in the O'Hara Conservation Area near Madoc. This sawmill, originally built in 1846-47, is unique in Ontario. It is now the property of the Moira River Conservation Authority. The Big Creek Conservation Authority has acquired and restored the old grist mill in the Backus Conservation Area in Norfolk County. Three Authorities, the Metropolitan Toronto and Region, the Upper Thames and the Grand Valley, have undertaken development of pioneer villages. The largest and most ambitious of these is Pioneer Village, in the Black Creek Conservation Area in northwest Toronto, developed by the Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. That Authority plans to complete develop- ment of this typical agricultural community of pre-Confederation days by Canada's centenary year, 1967. The pioneer village in the Fanshawe Park near London has been a project of the Upper Thames River Conservation Authority. It represents a village of the 1830's and its buildings are typical of southwestern Ontario of that date. The Grand Valley Conservation Authority provided the site for the Doon Pioneer Village at the Doon Conservation Area. The actual development of the village itself has been financed and directed by the Ontario Pioneer Community Foundation of Waterloo County. The development of historic sites and villages in the Authorities has attracted much public attention. In 1962 over 150,000 people visited these various sites. A significant number of those attending were children. Historic sites and pioneer villages are financed entirely by the Authorities from their municipal revenues. Such developments do not receive Provincial grants. 36 THE GRAND RIVER CONSERVATION COMMISSION The Grand River Conservation Commission was established in 1938 under the Grand River Conservation Act. This Commission is composed of twelve members representing eight urban municipalities. These municipalities are the Cities of Brantford, Gait, Kitchener, Waterloo, the Towns of Paris, Preston and Fergus, and the Village of Elora. Established eight years before the passing of The Conservation Authorities Act, The Grand River Conservation Commission was charged with the responsi- bility of dealing with water problems on the Grand River. It is empowered to erect works, and create reservoirs by the construction of dams. The Commission has carried out three major projects. The first of these was the Shand Dam and Reservoir on the upper Grand River near Fergus. This dam was completed in 1942. The second project was the Luther Marsh Dam and Reservoir in the Grand River headwaters, completed in 1953. The most recent project has been the Conestogo Dam completed in 1957. All of these projects built at a total cost of just over seven million dollars were primarily for flood control on the Grand River. All three projects were financed jointly by the Government of Canada at 3 7 1/2 per cent, the Government of Ontario at 3714 per cent and the benefiting municipalities at 25 per cent. THE PARKS ASSISTANCE ACT The Parks Assistance Act was passed in 1960. Under it, municipalities may secure grants for the acquisition, planning and development of parks for public recreational use. The grants on approved parks are 50 per cent of the costs up to a maximum grant per project of $50,000. The main requirements in developing a park to qualify for a grant under the Act are that sites for overnight tent and trailer camping, adequate sanitary facilities, drinking water, and picnic facilities must be provided. Other developments that can receive a grant include road construction, picnic shelters, swimming, boating, skiing and skating facilities, change houses, beaches and nature trails. Flush-type comfort stations, cooking and laundry facilities may also receive grants. Up to March 31, 1963, 234 enquiries for information on The Parks Assistance Act had been received and 25 parks have been approved for grants and are now under development. This brings the area of these parks to a total of 1,500 acres which, when completely developed, will provide some 1,600 campsites. Grants totalling over $400,000 have been authorized for these projects. Some of the work is carried out under Winter Works Incentive Programs. During 1962, the Act was amended to permit Indian Bands to participate in benefits under the Act. The Act makes available to rural and urban municipalities much needed assistance for the acquisition and development of revenue-producing recreational areas to meet the constantly increasing demands for such space and facilities. Grants to municipalities under The Parks Assistance Act are listed in Accounts Branch Statement No. 6. 37 Mount Pleasant Public Fishing Area, opened in May, 1962, on ponds previously used by a Provincial hatchery, was a popular success, especially with young anglers. :r^- The black bear has become an important big game animal. 38 FISH AND WILDLIFE BRANCH THE prosperity of our province, and its growth in population and productivity, have not brought in their wake any real reduction in the supply of game and fish. Moose are abundant. We are using only a third of the allowable annual harvest, and are more than a little worried over reports of heavy tick infestation. Deer are recovering from a series of bad winters. Ruffed grouse are on the upswing of their famous cycle. The waters of the north have continued to produce fish to delight the tourist. In the densely settled areas, likewise, there is no depletion of game. There is, however, a rapidly spreading restriction of access to private lands, as farmers grow restive at the numbers who wish to use their lands. The fact that there is no shortage of rabbits or groundhogs does not alter the case. Available access to waters is also crowded to the limit. This is true for all recreational water-use, but is felt by anglers, and especially by the would-be, rather than experienced, angler. In other areas which have passed through the same pattern of experience it has been found that, without in any way diminishing the im|X)rtance of private lands in providing hunting, or of private access to waters, the pressure can be taken off by setting up public hunting and fishing areas. Previous reports have described how public hunting has been provided in provincial parks, and two small areas had already been obtained. During the year an important area in eastern Ontario, the Winchester Swamp, was obtained from the Department of National Defence. We also established our first Public Fishing Area, in the former Mount Pleasant Hatchery, near Brantford. These activities have the virtue merely of pilot projects in the light of the recreational land acquisitional program announced in the Speech from the Throne, which will really provide a safety-valve for the build-up of public pressure. They are, however, an assurance of the reception that the new areas are bound to receive. The response to the Mount Pleasant Public Fishing Area was particularly encouraging. This hatchery, with an uncertain water supply, had reached the point where it could be used only seasonally for trout, and at some risk, and artificially-reared warm water fish are not required in the area. As an operational liability, with deteriorating facilities, it could have been closed, but, instead, its ponds were simply filled with pan fish and thrown open for angling. The response was strong and immediate. Two things, the fact that many young anglers were obviously catching their first fish, and the use of pan fish, were both encouraging. In regard to the pan fish, many of our finest southern Ontario fishing grounds are so "civilized" now that they are being heavily fertilized. Nets show that game fish are there but they are often hard to catch. Pan fish are universally available, for unlimited use, whether to be caught locally, or netted to supply suburban fish ponds, such as Mount Pleasant. 39 FISH AND WILDLIFE BRANCH Chief: C. H. D. Clarke WILDLIFE SECTION Supervisor: D. N. Omand Game Management Fur Management Field Services Indian Affairs Agreement FISHERIES SECTION Supervisor: H. H. MacKay Game Fish and Hatcheries Commercial Fisheries SPECIAL STAFF Chief's Clerical Staff Departmental Consultant Accounts and Staff Records Reports, Publications and Laboratory 40 WILDLIFE SECTION Open Seasons MOOSE SCHEDULE 9 — Residents and Non-Residents September 15, 1962 to January 3, 1963. Beginning at the intersection of the boundary between Ontario and Quebec with the southerly shore of James Bay; thence southerly along that boundary to its intersection with the centre line of the right of way of the most northerly east- west line of the Canadian National Railways; thence westerly along that centre line to its intersection with a meridian line through the northeast corner of the geographic Township of Bell in the Territorial District of Thunder Bay; thence northerly along the said meridian line to its intersection with the Albany River; thence in a general northerly and westerly direction following that river to the Wabassi River flowing into the Albany River; thence in a northwesterly direction following the Wabassi River to its intersection with the Uth Base Line; thence westerly along the 11th Base Line to its intersection with the Inter-provincial boundary between Ontario and Manitoba; thence northerly and northeasterly along that boundary to the shore of Hudson Bay; thence easterly, southerly, southeasterly and easterly along the shores of that bay and James Bay to the place of beginning. SCHEDULE 10 — Residents and Non-Residents October 1, 1962 to January 3, 1963. Beginning at the intersection of the boundary between the geographic town- ships of Dymond and Bucke in the Territorial District of Timiskaming with the high-water mark along the westerly shore of Lake Timiskaming; thence westerly along the southerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Dymond, Hudson, Lundy, Auld, Speight, Banks and Wallis to the southwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the westerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Trethewey and McGiffin to the southwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the westerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Selby and Acadia in the Territorial District of Sudbury to the southwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence westerly along the northerly boundary of the geographic Township of Seagram to the northwesterly corner thereof; thence south- erly along the westerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Seagram, Clary and Sheppard to the southwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence westerly along the northerly boundary of the geographic Township of Mackelcan to the northwesterly corner thereof; thence southerly along the westerly boundary of the geographic Township of Mackelcan to the southwesterly comer thereof; thence westerly along the northerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Rathbun, Norman, Wisner, Bowell, Fox, Harty, Hess, Moncrieff and Craig to the northwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the westerly boundary of the geographic township of Craig 41 to the southwesterly corner thereof; thence westerly along the northerly boundary of geographic Township Tp. 114 to the northwesterly comer thereof; thence westerly along the northerly boundaries of geographic townships A, E, I, M, O, U, Tp. lA, Tp. IB, Tp. IC, Tp. ID, Tp. IE and Tp. IF in the Territorial District of Algoma to the northwesterly comer of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the westerly boundary of geographic Township Tp. IF to the intersection with the northerly boundary of geographic Township Tp. 195; thence westerly along the northerly boundaries of geographic townships Tp. 195 and Tp. 201 to the northwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence northerly along the easterly boundary of the geographic Township of Curtis and the easterly boundaries of geographic townships Tp. 22, Range 10, Tp. 22, Range 11 and Tp. 22, Range 12 to the northeasterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence westerly along the northerly boundaries of geographic townships Tp. 22, Range 12 and Tp. 23, Range 12 to the northwesterly comer of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the westerly boundary of geographic Township Tp. 23, Range 12 to the northeasterly comer of geographic Township Tp. 24, Range 12; thence westerly along the northerly boundaries of geographic townships Tp. 24, Range 12, Tp. 25, Range 12, Tp. 26, Range 12 and Tp. 27, Range 12 to the northwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence northerly along the easterly boundary of the geographic Township of Palmer to the northeasterly corner thereof; thence westerly along the northerly boundary of that geographic township to the northwesterly comer thereof; thence southerly along the westerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Palmer and Fisher to the southwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the southerly production of the westerly boundary of the geographic Township of Fisher to the intersection with the International Boundary between Canada and the United States of America; thence in a general northwesterly, southwesterly and westerly direction following that international boundary to a point in Saganaga Lake where that international boundary is intersected by the easterly boundary of the Territorial District of Rainy River; thence northerly along that easterly boundary to the northeasterly corner of that territorial district; thence westerly along the northerly boundary of that territorial district to the intersection with the 7th Meridian; thence northerly along the 7th Meridian in the Territorial District of Kenora to the intersection with the southerly boundary of the geographic Township of MacNicol; thence easterly along the southerly boundaries of the geographic townships of MacNicol, Tustin and Bridges to the southwesterly corner of the geographic Township of Docker; thence in a northerly direction along the westerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Docker and Smellie to the northwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence northerly along the northerly production of the westerly boundary of the geographic Township of Smellie to the intersection with the centre line of the right of way of the most northerly east-west line of the Canadian National Railways; thence westerly along that centre line to the intersection with the boundary between Ontario and Manitoba; thence northerly along that boundary to the intersection with the 11th Base Line; thence easterly along the 11th Base Line to the Wabassi River flowing into the Albany River; thence in a general southerly and easterly direction following that river to the Albany River; thence in a general southeasterly direction along the Albany River to the intersection with the meridian line drawn north astronomically from the northeasterly comer of the geographic Township of Bell in the Territorial District of Thunder Bay; thence south astronomically along that meridian line to the intersection with tiie centre line of the right of way of the most northerly east-west line of the Canadian 42 National Railways; thence in a general southeasterly direction along that centre line to its intersection with the boundary between Ontario and Quebec; thence southerly along that boundary to the northerly shore of Lake Timiskaming; thence in a general southerly and westerly direction following the shore of Lake Timiskaming, being the southerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Harris and Dymond in the Territorial District of Timiskaming, to the place of beginning. SCHEDULE 1 1 — Residents and Non-Residents November 5 to November 30, 1962. Beginning at the intersection of the boundary between the geographic townships of Dymond and Bucke in the Territorial District of Timiskaming with the high-water mark along the westerly shore of Lake Timiskaming; thence westerly along the southerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Dymond, Hudson, Lundy, Auld, Speight, Banks and Wallis to the southwesterly comer of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the westerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Trethewey and McGiffin to the south- westerly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the westerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Selby and Acadia in the Territorial District of Sudbury to the southwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence westerly along the northerly boundary of the geographic Township of Seagram to the northwesterly corner thereof; thence southerly along the westerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Seagram, Clary and Sheppard to the southwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence westerly along the northerly boundary of the geographic Township of Mackelcan to the northwesterly corner thereof; thence southerly along the westerly boundary of the geographic Township of Mackelcan to the southwesterly corner thereof; thence westerly along the northerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Rathbun, Norman, Wisner, Bowell, Foy, Harty, Hess, Moncrieff and Craig to the northwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the westerly boundary of the geographic Township of Craig to the southwesterly corner thereof; thence westerly along the northerly boundary of geographic Township Tp. 114 to the northwesterly corner thereof; thence westerly along the northerly boundaries of geographic townships A, E, I, M, O, U, Tp. lA, Tp. IB, Tp. IC, Tp. ID, Tp. IE and Tp. IF in the Territorial District of Algoma to the northwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the westerly boundary of geographic Township Tp. IF to the intersection with the northerly boundary of geographic Township Tp. 195; thence westerly along the northerly boundaries of geographic townships Tp. 195 and Tp. 201 to the northwesterly comer of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence northerly along the easterly boundary of the geographic Township of Curtis and the easterly boundaries of geographic townships Tp. 22, Range 10, Tp. 22, Range 11, and Tp. 22, Range 12 to the northeasterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence westerly along the northerly boundaries of geographic townships Tp. 22, Range 12, and Tp. 23, Range 12 to the northwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the westerly boundary of geographic Township Tp. 23, Range 12 to the northeasterly corner of geographic Township Tp. 24, Range 12; thence westerly along the northerly boundaries of geographic townships Tp. 24, Range 12, Tp. 25, Range 12, Tp. 26, Range 12 and Tp. 27, Range 12 to the northwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence northerly along the easterly boundary of the geographic 43 Township of Palmer to the northeasterly corner thereof; thence westerly along the northerly boundary of that geographic township to the northwesterly comer thereof; thence southerly along the westerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Palmer and Fisher to the southwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the southerly production of the westerly boundary of the geographic Township of Fisher to the intersection with the International Boundary between Canada and the United States of America; thence in a general southeasterly direction along the last-mentioned boundary through Lake Superior and the St. Mary River to a point in that boundary due south of the intersection of the boundary between the geographic townships of Parke and Awenge in the Territorial District of Algoma with the northerly shore of the St. Mary River; thence due north to that northerly shore; thence in a general easterly direction following the northerly shores of the St. Mary River, the expansions thereof and the North Channel of Georgian Bay of Lake Huron to the southwesterly corner of the geographic Township of Spragge in the said Territorial District of Algoma; thence northerly along the westerly boundary of that geographic township to the intersection with the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 17; thence northeasterly, southeasterly and easterly following that centre line to the intersection with the centre line of the right of way of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company in the Town of Mattawa; thence northerly along that centre line to the intersection with the high-water mark along the westerly bank of the Ottawa River; thence northerly along that high-water mark and the high-water mark of Lake Timiskaming to the place of beginning. SCHEDULE 12 — Residents only October 1, 1962 to January 3, 1963. Beginning at a point in Saganaga Lake where the International Boundary between Canada and the United States of America is intersected by the easterly boundary of the Territorial District of Rainy River; thence northerly along that easterly boundary to the northeasterly corner of the said Territorial District of Rainy River; thence westerly along the northerly boundary of that territorial district to the intersection with the 7th Meridian; thence northerly along the 7th Meridian in the Territorial District of Kenora to the intersection with the southerly boundary of the geographic Township of MacNicol; thence easterly along the southerly boundaries of the geographic townships of MacNicol, Tustin and Bridges to the southwesterly comer of the geographic Township of Docker; thence in a northerly direction along the westerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Docker and Smellie to the northwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence northerly along the northerly production of the westerly boundary of the geographic Township of Smellie to the intersection with the centre line of the right of way of the most northerly east-west line of the Canadian National Railways; thence westerly along that centre line to the intersection with the boundary between Ontario and Manitoba; thence southerly along that boundary to the intersection with the Intemational Boundary between Canada and the United States of America; thence southeasterly along that international boundary to the intersection with the boundary between the territorial districts of Kenora and Rainy River; thence easterly along the northerly boundary of the Territorial District of Rainy River 15 miles, more or less, to the intersection with the easterly shore of the Lake of the Woods; thence northeasterly along that easterly shore to the intersection with the northerly limit of Concession II in the geographic Township of Morson in the Territorial District of Rainy River; thence easterly 44 along that northerly limit to the intersection with the easterly boundary of the geographic Township of Morson; thence southerly along that easterly boundary to the southeasterly comer of that geographic township; thence easterly along the northerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Dewart, Rowe and Menary to the northeasterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the easterly boundary of the geographic Township of Menary to the southeasterly corner thereof; thence easterly along the northerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Potts and Fleming to the intersection with the centre line of the waters of Burditt Lake; thence in a southeasterly direction along that centre line to and along the centre line of the channel of the Manomin River to the intersection with the westerly limit of Indian Reserve No. 17B; thence northerly along that westerly limit to the northwesterly comer of that Indian reserve; thence easterly along the northerly limit of that Indian reserve to the northeasterly corner thereof; thence southerly along the easterly limit of that Indian reserve to the intersection with the centre line of the waters of Manomin Lake; thence in a northeasterly and easterly direction following that centre line to and along the centre line of the body of water connecting Manomin Lake and Lake Despair to the centre line of the last-mentioned lake; thence in a north- easterly and northerly direction following the centre line of the waters of Lake Despair to the intersection with the westerly production of the centre of the channel of a stream between Lake Despair and Footprint Lake; thence in a northeasterly direction following that westerly production and the centre line of that stream and its easterly production to the intersection with the centre line of the waters of Footprint Lake; thence in a general southeasterly direction following the centre line of the last-mentioned waters to the intersection with the northerly limit of Indian Reserve No. 17A; thence easterly along that northerly limit to the north- easterly comer of said Indian Reserve No. 17A; thence southerly along the easterly limit of that Indian reserve to the high-water mark of Northwest Bay of Rainy Lake; thence southeasterly in a straight line to the intersection with the centre line of the channel of Camp Narrows; thence in a southeasterly direction following the last-mentioned centre line to the intersection of the centre line of the waters lying adjacent to and northerly of Shelter Bay, Browns Inlet and the most northeasterly point of the geographic Township of Griesinger; thence in a southeasterly and northeasterly direction following the centre line of the last-mentioned waters to the mid-point of the waters lying between Hangingstone Point on the most north- easterly point of the geographic Township of Griesinger and the small island lying northeasterly thereof and patented as locations G 113 and G 114; thence southeasterly in a straight line to the most southwesterly projection of Tug Point on Cheery Island in Rainy Lake; thence south astronomically to the intersection with the International Boundary between Canada and the United States of America; thence easterly, southerly and southeasterly following that international boundary through Rainy Lake and the several lakes, rivers and portages to the place of beginning. SCHEDULE 13— Residents only November 5 to November 17, 1962. 1. The Territorial District of Parry Sound. 2. The Territorial District of Muskoka except those parts of the geographic townships of Medora and Wood lying east of the centre line of the right of way of the Canadian National Railways and north of the line between Concessions XV and XVI in the geographic Township of Wood. 45 3. The part of the Territorial District of Nipissing lying southerly of a line described as follows: Beginning at the intersection of the westerly boundary of the territorial district with the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 17; thence easterly along that centre line to its intersection in the Town of Mattawa with the centre line of the right of way of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company; thence northerly along that right of way to the easterly boundary of the territorial district. 4. The part of the Territorial District of Sudbury lying southerly of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 17. 5. The part of the Territorial District of Algoma lying southerly and south- easterly of the part of the King's Highway known as No. 17 between the westerly boundary of the geographic Township of Spragge and the easterly boundary of the territorial district. 6. The Territorial District of Manitoulin. 7. The Provisional County of Haliburton. 8. The County of Renfrew. 9. The townships of Mara and Rama in the County of Ontario. 10. The Township of Somerville and those parts of the townships of Dalton and Laxton, Digby and Longford lying north of the Monk Road in the County of Victoria. 11. Those parts of the counties of Frontenac, Hastings, Lennox and Addington, and Peterborough lying north of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 7. (Shotguns only permitted in the Townships of Ennismore, Smith, Douro, North Monaghan, Otanabee and Asphodel in the County of Peterborough) 12. That part of the County of Lanark lying northerly and easterly of a line described as follows: Beginning at the intersection of the westerly boundary of the county and the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 7; thence easterly along that centre line to its intersection with the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 43; thence easterly along that centre line to the intersection with the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 29; thence southerly along that centre line to the southerly boundary of the county; thence easterly to the easterly boundary of the county. SCHEDULE 5 — Residents only November 19 to November 24, 1962 (No dogs). The geographic townships of Hilton, Jocelyn and St. Joseph in the Territorial District of Algoma. 46 DEER SCHEDULE 1 — Residents and Non-Residents September 24 to September 30, 1962 (Bows and Arrows only) October 1 to January 3, 1962, Beginning at the southeasterly comer of the Territorial District of Kenora; thence northerly along the easterly boundary of that territorial district to the intersection with the middle of the main channel of Lake St. Joseph; thence northerly along the northerly production of the easterly boundary of the Territorial District of Kenora to the intersection with the 11th Base Line; thence westerly along the 11th Base Line to the intersection with the boundary between Ontario and Manitoba; thence southerly along that boundary to the intersection with the southerly boundary of the Territorial District of Kenora; thence easterly along that southerly boundary to the place of beginning. SCHEDULE 2 — Residents and Non-Residents October 1 to December 15, 1962. That part of Ontario, except the parts described in schedules 1 and 3, lying north of a line described as follows: Beginning at a point in the northerly shore of Lake Timiskaming, being at the easterly boundary of the geographic Township of Harris; thence in a westerly, southerly, northerly and westerly direction along that northerly shore to the intersection with the southerly boundary of the geographic Township of Dymond; thence westerly along the southerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Dymond, Hudson, Lundy, Auld, Speight, Banks and Wallis to the southwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the easterly boundary of the geographic townships of Brewster and Gamble to the southeasterly corner of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence westerly along the southerly boundary of the geographic Township of Gamble to the southwesterly corner thereof; thence southerly along the easterly boundary of the geographic Township of Ellis in the Territorial District of Sudbury to the south- easterly comer thereof; thence westerly along the southerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Ellis, McLeod, Stull, Unwin, Hodgetts, Beulah, Blewett, Brebeuf, Paudash, Chalet, Tp. 9, Margaret, Elizabeth, Abney, Hubbard, Tp. 8Z, Tp. 8A, Tp. 8B, Tp. 8C, Tp. 8D, Tp. 8E, Tp. 8F, Tp. 8G, Tp. 8H, Tp. 22, Range 15, and Tp. 23, Range 15, to the southwesterly corner of the last-mentioned geo- graphic township; thence southerly along the easterly boundary of geographic Township Tp. 24, Range 15 in the Territorial District of Algoma to the south- easterly corner thereof; thence westerly along the southerly boundaries of the geographic townships Tp. 24, Range 15, Tp. 25, Range 15, Tp. 26, Range 15, Home, Tp. 28, Range 15, Tp. 29, Range 15, to the southwesterly corner of the last-mentioned township; thence west astronomically to the International Boundary between Canada and the United States of America; thence in a general north- westerly direction along that international boundary to the intersection with the boundary between Ontario and Manitoba. 47 SCHEDULE 3— Residents and Non-Residents November 1 to December 5, 1962. Beginning at the intersection of the International Boundary between Canada and the United States of America with the boundary between the territorial districts of Kenora and Rainy River; thence easterly along the northerly boundary of the Territorial District of Rainy River 1 5 miles, more or less, to the intersection with the easterly shore of the Lake of the Woods; thence northeasterly along that easterly shore to the intersection with the northerly limit of Concession II in the geographic Township of Morson in the Territorial District of Rainy River; thence easterly along that northerly limit to the intersection with the easterly boundary of the geographic Township of Morson; thence southerly along that easterly boundary to the southeasterly corner of that geographic township; thence easterly along the northerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Dewart, Rowe and Menary to the northeasterly comer of the last-mentioned geographic township; thence southerly along the easterly boundary of the geographic Township of Menary to the southeasterly corner thereof; thence easterly along the northerly boundaries of the geographic townships of Potts and Fleming to the intersection with the centre line of the waters of Burditt Lake; thence in a southeasterly direction along that centre line to and along the centre line of the channel of the Manomin River to the intersection with the westerly limit of Indian Reserve No. 17B; thence northerly along that westerly limit to the northwesterly corner of that Indian reserve; thence easterly along the northerly limit of that Indian reserve to the northeasterly comer thereof; thence southerly along the easterly limit of that Indian reserve to the intersection with the centre line of the waters of Manomin Lake; thence in a northeasterly and easterly direction following that centre line to and along the centre line of the body of water connecting Manomin Lake and Lake Despair to the centre line of the last-mentioned lake; thence in a northeasterly and northerly direction following the centre line of the waters of Lake Despair to the intersection with the westerly production of the centre of the channel of a stream between Lake Despair and Footprint Lake; thence in a northeasterly direction following that westerly production and the centre line of that stream and its easterly production to the intersection with the centre line of the waters of Footprint Lake; thence in a general southeasterly direction following the centre line of the last- mentioned waters to the intersection with the northerly limit of Indian Reserve No. 17A; thence easterly along that northerly limit to the northeasterly comer of that Indian reserve; thence southerly along the easterly limit of that Indian reserve to the high-water mark of Northwest Bay of Rainy Lake; thence southeasterly in a straight line to the intersection with the centre line of the channel of Camp Narrows; thence in a southeasterly direction following the last-mentioned centre line to the intersection of the centre line of the waters lying adjacent to and northerly of Shelter Bay, Browns Inlet and the most northeasterly point of the geographic Township of Griesinger; thence in a southeasterly and northeasterly direction following the centre line of the last-mentioned waters to the mid-point of the waters lying between Hangingstone Point on the most northeasterly point of the geographic Township of Griesinger and the small island lying northeasterly thereof and patented as locations G 113 and G 114; thence southeasterly in a straight line to the most southwesterly projection of Tug Point on Cheery Island in Rainy Lake; thence south astronomically to the intersection with the Inter- national Boundary between Canada and the United States of America; thence in a southwesterly and northwesterly direction along that international boundary to the place of beginning. 48 SCHEDULE 4 — Residents and Non-Residents November 5 to November 17, 1962. 1. The parts of the territorial districts of Algoma, Sudbury and Timiskaming lying southerly of the line described in schedule 2. 2. The Territorial District of Parry Sound. 3. The Territorial District of Muskoka except those parts of the geographic townships of Medora and Wood lying east of the centre line of the right of way of the Canadian National Railways and north of the line between Concessions XV and XVI in the geographic Township of Wood. 4. The Territorial District of Nipissing. 5. The Territorial District of Manitoulin. 6. The Provisional County of Haliburton. 7. The County of Renfrew. 8. The townships of Rama and Mara in the County of Ontario. 9. The Township of Somerville and those parts of the townships of Dal ton and Laxton, Digby and Longford lying north of the Monk Road in the County of Victoria. 10. Those parts of the counties of Frontenac, Hastings, Lennox and Addington and Peterborough lying north of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 7. 11. That part of the County of Lanark lying northerly and easterly of a line described as follows: Beginning at the intersection of the westerly boundary of the county and the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 7; thence easterly along that centre line to the intersection with the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 43; hence easterly along that centre line to the intersection with the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 29; thence southerly along that centre line to the southerly boundary of the county; thence easterly to the easterly boundary of the county. SCHEDULE 5 — Residents and Non-Residents November 12 to November 17, 1962 (No dogs). The geographic townships of Hilton, Jocelyn and St. Joseph in the Territorial District of Algoma. SCHEDULE 6 — Residents and Non-Residents November 5 to November 10, 1962. 1. The County of Bruce (No dogs). 2. That part of the County of Carleton lying west of the Rideau River, 3. Those parts of the counties of Frontenac, Hastings and Lennox and Addington lying between that part of the King's Highway known as No. 7 and that part of the King's Highway known as No. 2. 49 4. That part of the County of Peterborough lying south of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 7. (Shotguns only in North Monaghan, Otonabee and Asphodel Townships.) 5. That part of the County of Lanark lying southerly and westerly of the line described in paragraph 11 of Schedule 4. 6. That part of the County of Leeds lying westerly and northerly of a line described as follows: Beginning at the intersection of the production southerly of the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 32 and the International Boundary between Canada and the United States of America; thence northerly along that production and that centre line to the intersection with the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 15; thence northerly along that centre line to the intersection with the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 42; thence westerly along that centre line to the intersection with the production southerly of the centre line of the County Road known as Narrow Locks Road; thence northerly along that production and that centre line to the easterly boundary of the county. SCHEDULE 7 — Residents and Non-Residents November 5 to November 8, 1962 (Shotguns only). 1. That part of the County of Carleton lying east of the Rideau River. 2. The counties of Grenville, Prescott and Russell. 3. The United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry (No dogs). 4. The County of Leeds except that part described in paragraph 6 of schedule 6. SCHEDULE 8 — Residents and Non-Residents October 22 to November 3, 1962 (Bows and arrows only). 1. The islands in the Territorial District of Manitoulin excepting therefrom those islands known as Cockburn and Philip Edward (No dogs). 2. The townships of Eastnor and St. Edmunds in the County of Bruce (No dogs). 3. In the Township of Oxford in the County of Grenville and described as follows: Beginning at the southwesterly angle of Lot 27 in Concession I; thence northerly along the westerly limit of that lot to the intersection with the production westerly of the southerly limit of the travelled road along the southerly limit of a golf course occupying the northerly part of Lot 27 in Concession I; thence easterly along that production and the southerly limit of that travelled road to the easterly limit of said Lot 27; thence northerly along the easterly limit of that lot to the northerly limit of a plan registered in the Registry Office for the County of Grenville as No. 16 for the Township of Oxford; thence easterly along the northerly limit of that plan to the line between the east and west halves of Lot 28 in Concession I; thence northerly along that line to a point therein distant 166 feet measured southerly thereon from the high-water mark on the southerly shore of tlie Rideau River and Rideau Canal; thence easterly and perpendicular to the 50 line between the east and west halves of Lot 28 a distance of 450 feet; thence northerly parallel to the line between the east and west halves of Lot 28 to the high-water mark on the southerly shore of the Rideau River and Rideau Canal; thence in a general easterly direction following that high-water mark to a point therein distant 300 feet measured easterly and perpendicular to the westerly limit of Lot 29 in Concession I; thence southerly and parallel to the westerly limit of Lot 29 a distance of 120 feet; thence easterly and perpendicular to the westerly limit of Lot 29 a distance of 120 feet; thence northerly and parallel to the westerly limit of Lot 29 a distance of 120 feet, more or less, to the high-water mark along the southerly shore of the Rideau River and Rideau Canal; thence in a general easterly direction to the intersection with a line drawn parallel to the line between the east and west halves of Lot 29 in Concession I; thence southerly along that parallel line to a point distant 150 feet measured westerly and perpendicular to the line between the east and west halves of Lot 29 from a point therein distant 150 feet measured southerly thereon from the high-water mark on the southerly shore of the Rideau River and Rideau Canal; thence easterly and perpendicular to the line between the east and west halves of Lot 29 a distance of 250 feet; thence northerly parallel to the line between the east and west halves of Lot 29 to the intersection with the high-water mark on the southerly shore of Rideau River and Rideau Canal; thence in a general easterly direction following that high-water mark to the confluence with the high-water mark on the westerly shore of Kemptville Creek; thence in a general southerly direction following that high- water mark to the intersection with the northwesterly limit of the southeasterly 100 acres of Lot 30 in Concession I; thence westerly along that limit to a point in the easterly limit of Lot 29 in Concession I; thence southerly along that limit to the intersection with the high-water mark on the westerly shore of Kemptville Creek; thence in a general southerly direction following that high-water mark to the intersection with the southerly limit of Lot 28 in Concession II; thence westerly along the southerly limit of Lots 28 and 27 to the southeasterly angle of Lot 26 in Concession II; thence northerly along the easterly limit of that lot 540 feet; thence westerly in a straight line to a point in the easterly limit of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 1 6 and which said point is distant 499 feet measured northerly along that limit from the southerly limit of Lot 26; thence northerly along the easterly limit of that highway to the line between Concessions I and II; thence westerly along the line between Concessions I and II to the place of beginning. SCHEDULE 1 8 — Residents and Non-Residents November 1 to December 31, 1962. That part of the Township of Keppel in the County of Grey known as Griffiths Island. SCHEDULE 19— Residents and Non-Residents November 5 to November 10, 1962. The island in Lake Ontario east of the Township of South Marysburgh in the County of Prince Edward known as Main Duck Island. SCHEDULE 20 — Residents and Non-Residents November 5 to November 7, 1962. 51 That part of the Township of Matchedash in the County of Simcoe, composed of: (a) lots 20 to 23, both inclusive, in Concession II; (b) lots 19 to 27, both inclusive, in Concession III; (c) lots 15 to 27, both inclusive, in Concession IV; (d) lots 17 to 27, both inclusive, in Concession V; (e) lots 15 to 26, both inclusive, in Concession VI; (f) lots 9 to 21, both inclusive, in Concession VII; (g) lots 3 to 18, both inclusive, in Concession VIII; (h) lots 1 to 16, both inclusive, in Concession IX; (i) lots 1 to 11, both inclusive, in Concession X; (j) lots 1 to 10, both inclusive, in Concession XI; (k) lots 1 to 8, both inclusive, in Concession XII; and (1) lots 1 to 4, both inclusive, in Concession XIII. SCHEDULE 21 —Residents only (No dogs). November 5 to November 7, 1962. 1. The County of Grey. 2. The counties of Brant, Durham, Haldimand, Huron, Kent, Lambton, Northumberland, Oxford, Waterloo, Welland and Wentworth (Shotguns only). 3. Those parts of the counties of Frontenac and Hastings lying south of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 2 (Shotguns only). CARIBOU No open season. BEAR September 1, 1962, to June 29, 1963 — Throughout Ontario. HUNGARIAN PARTRIDGE October 6 to December 15, 1962 — In the counties of Brant, Bruce, Dufferin, Elgin, Essex, Grey, Haldimand, Halton, Huron, Kent, Lambton, Lincoln, Middle- sex, Norfolk, Oxford, Perth, Waterloo, Welland, Wellington and Wentworth. September 22 to November 24, 1962 — In any other part of Ontario. Bag Limit — 8 per day. Possession Limit — 16. PHEASANTS — 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 1. October 17 to November 3, 1962 — In the counties of Brant, Bruce, Dufferin, Elgin, Grey, Haldimand, Halton, Huron, Kent, Lambton, Middlesex, Norfolk, Oxford, Perth, Simcoe, Waterloo, Wellington and Wentworth; 52 2. October, 17 to October 27, 1962 — In the counties of Peel and York and the townships of East Whitby, Pickering, Reach, Scott, Uxbridge and Whitby in the County of Ontario; 3. October 27 to November 10, 1962 — In the counties of Lincoln and Welland; 4. October 27 to November 3, 1962 — In the County of Essex, except the Township of Pelee; 5. October 6 to October 27, 1962 — In any part of Ontario except the Township of Pelee in the County of Essex and the areas described in items 1, 2, 3 and 4. Bag Limit — 3 per day, not more than one of which shall be a hen. 6. October 24 and 25, 1962 — In the Township of Pelee in the County of Essex. Bag Limit — 8 cocks and 2 hens. RUFFED GROUSE, SHARPTAILED GROUSE. SPRUCE PARTRIDGE AND PTARMIGAN 1. September 15, 1962 to March 31, 1963 — Sharptailed Grouse and Ptarmigan; September 15 to December 15, 1962 — Ruffed Grouse and Spruce Grouse In the Territorial Districts of Cochrane and Timiskaming, and the portion of the Territorial District of Kenora lying north of the 11th Base Line; 2. September 15 to December 15, 1962 — All Species In the remainder of northern Ontario, north of the northern boundary of schedule 4 for deer; 3. September 15 to November 24, 1962 — All Species In the area south of the northern boundary of schedule 4 for deer and north of the French and Mattawa Rivers, including the Territorial District of Manitoulin; 4. September 22 to December 15, 1962 — All Species In the area south of the French and Mattawa Rivers and north and east of a line following the western boundaries of the Counties of Simcoe and Peel, but excluding the Townships of Clarke and Darlington in the County of Durham; 5. October 6 to December 15, 1962 — All Species In the remainder of Ontario. Bag Limit — Ruffed Grouse and Spruce Grouse — 5 per day. Possession — 15 — Sharptailed Grouse — 5 per day. Possession — 15 — Ptarmigan — 5 per day. Possession — 15. BOBWHITE QUAIL October 31, 1962, only — In the township of Raleigh, in the County of Kent. Bag Limit — 5. Possession Limit — 5. RABBIT 1. December 24, 1962 to February 28, 1963 — In the Township of Pelee, in the County of Essex; 53 2. October 27, 1962 to February 28, 1963 — In the Counties of Lincoln, Welland and Essex, except the Township of Pelee; 3. October 17, 1962 to February 28, 1963 — In the Counties of Elgin, Haldimand, Kent, Lambton, Middlesex, Norfolk, Oxford, Brant, Wentworth, Dufferin, Wellington, Perth, Waterloo, Halton, York, and Peel; Townships of East Whitby, Pickering, Uxbridge, Reach and Scott in the County of Ontario; Townships of Adjala, Tecumseh, West Gwillimbury, Tosorontio, Essa, Innisfil in the County of Simcoe; 4. October 6, 1962 to February 28, 1963 — In the Townships of Clarke and Darlington in the County of Durham; 5. September 1, 1962 to March 31, 1963 — In the remainder of Ontario. Bag Limit on cottontail rabbits only — 6 per day. SQUIRRELS (BLACK, GREY, FOX) 1. October 27 to December 15, 1962 — In the County of Essex; 2. October 6 to December 15, 1962 — In the Counties of Kent, Lambton, Elgin, Middlesex, Norfolk, Oxford, Haldimand, Brant, Welland, Lincoln, Went- worth, Halton, Wellington, Waterloo, Perth, Huron, Bruce, Grey and Dufferin; and the Townships of Darlington and Clarke in Durham County; 3. September 22 to December 15, 1962 — In the remainder of Ontario. Bag Limit — 10 per day. Possession Limit — 10. RACCOON AND FOX September 1, 1962 to August 31, 1963 — Throughout Ontario. MIGRATORY BIRDS DUCKS, RAILS, COOTS, GALLINULES, WILSON'S SNIPE. GEESE, WOODCOCK September 15 to December 16, 1962 — All Species — In the Northern District. September 22 to December 15, 1962 — All Species — In the Central District. October 6 to December 15, 1962 — All Species, 11:00 a.m. EST for all species, except Geese and Woodcock — In the Southern District. October 6 to December 15, 1962 — All Species except Geese, 11:00 a.m. EST for all species except Geese and Woodcock — In Essex County. November 1 to December 31, 1962 — Geese only — In Essex County. The Northern District of Ontario comprises the Territorial Districts of Kenora, Patricia, Rainy River, Thunder Bay, Cochrane, and Timiskaming, and those portions of Algoma, Sudbury, and Nipissing lying northerly of Highway 17 between Mattawa and Spragge, a line from Highway 17 in Spragge to the angle in the International Boundary north of Cockburn Island, and the westerly con- tinuation of the International Boundary. The Southern District of Ontario comprises the Counties of Brant, Bruce, Dufferin, Elgin, Grey, Haldimand, Halton, Huron, Kent, Lambton, Lincoln, Middlesex, Norfolk, Oxford, Perth, Waterloo, Welland, Wellington, Wentworth. The Central District of Ontario comprises all that part of the Province which is not included in Essex County or in the Northern and Southern Districts. 54 Ducks — Bag Limit — 5 per day. Possession Limit — 10, none of which shall be a canvasback or redhead. Not more than two woodducks may be taken in the daily limit. After October 27, two additional scaup or goldeneye may be taken per day. Mergansers are not counted in the daily bag or possession limit. Geese — Bag Limit — 5 per day. Possession Limit — 10. Rails, coots and galHnules — Bag Limit — 5 per day. Possession Limit — 10. Wilson's Snipe — Bag Limit — 8 per day. Possession Limit — 16. Woodcock — Bag Limit — 8 per day. Possession Limit — 16. Persons resident more than 25 miles from James Bay may not kill more than 15 geese within 25 miles of James Bay during the 1962 season. BEAVER Beaver may be trapped, hunted or possessed in the localities described in, 1. Schedule 1 and in Schedule 2, except those parts of the territorial districts of Cochrane and Kenora described in item 2 — from October 15, 1962 to April 15, 1963; 2. Those parts of the territorial districts of Cochrane and Kenora adjoining the southerly shore of Hudson Bay and the southerly and westerly shores of James Bay and shown outlined in red on a map filed in the office of the Registrar of Regulations at Toronto as No. 309 — from October 15, 1962 to May 15, 1963; 3. Schedule 3 — October 15, 1962 to March 31, 1963; 4. Schedules 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 — November 1, 1962 to March 31, 1963. FISHER AND MARTEN Fisher and marten may be trapped, hunted or possessed in the localities described in, 1. Schedule 2 — October 15, 1962 to February 28, 1963; 2. Schedule 4 — October 15, 1962 to January 21, 1963; 3. Schedules 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 — November 1, 1962 to January 21, 1963 LYNX Lynx may be trapped, hunted or possessed in any part of Ontario from November 1, 1962 to February 28, 1963. MINK Mink may be trapped, hunted or possessed in the localities described in, 1. Schedule 2 — October 15, 1962 to February 28, 1963; 2. Schedule 4 — October 15, 1962 to January 21, 1963; 3. Schedules 5, 6, 7 and 8 — November 1, 1962 to January 21, 1963; 4. Schedule 9 — November 1, i962 to February 28, 1963. 55 MUSKRAT Muskrat may be trapped, hunted or possessed in the localities described in, 1. Schedule 2 — October 15, 1962 to May 31, 1963; 2. Schedule 4 — October 15, 1962 to May 21, 1963; 3. Schedule 5 — November 1, 1962 to April 30, 1963; 4. Schedules 6 and 7 — November 1, 1962 to April 20, 1963; 5. Schedules 8 and 9 — November 1, 1962 to April 15, 1963. OTTER Otter may be trapped, hunted or possessed in the localities described in, 1. Schedules 2 and 4 — October 15, 1962 to March 31, 1963; 2. Schedules 5 and 6 and in the townships of Albermarle, Amabel, Eastnor, Lindsay and St. Edmunds in the County of Bruce — November 1, 1962 to March 31, 1963. RACCOON Raccoon may be trapped, hunted or possessed in any part of Ontario from September 1, 1962 to August 31, 1963. SCHEDULE 1 — Part of the territorial districts of Cochrane, Kenora and Thunder Bay and the Territorial District of Rainy River described as follows: Beginning at the intersection of the northerly limit of the right of way of the transcontinental line of the Canadian National Railways with the easterly boundary of the Territorial District of Thunder Bay; thence southerly along that easterly boundary to the southwesterly corner of the geographic Township of Flanders in the Territorial District of Algoma; thence west astronomically 10 miles, more or less, to the height of land defining the boundary between the watersheds of James Bay and Lake Superior; thence southerly along that height of land 3 miles, more or less, to the intersection with a height of land defining the boundary between the watersheds of White Otter River and Black River; thence in a general westerly and southwesterly direction along that height of land and the height of land between the watersheds of Pic River and Black River to the confluence of those rivers; thence in a general southerly direction following the easterly shore of the Pic River to the intersection with the easterly shore of Lake Superior; thence south astronomically to the intersection with the boundary between Canada and the United States of America; thence in a northwesterly direction following that boundary to the intersection with the interprovincial boundary between Ontario and Manitoba; thence due north along the last-mentioned boundary to the inter- section with the northerly limit of the right of way of the transcontinental line of the Canadian National Railways; thence in an easterly direction following that northerly limit to the point of beginning. SCHEDULE 2 — That part of Ontario that is north of a line located as follows : Beginning at the intersection of the northerly limit of the right of way of the transcontinental line of the Canadian National Railways with the westerly 56 limit of the geographic Township of Rice in the Territorial District of Kenora; thence in an easterly direction following the northerly limit of that right of way to its intersection with the easterly limit of the geographic Township of Sargeant in the Territorial District of Cochrane. SCHEDULE 3 — The territorial districts of Algoma, Manitoulin, Sudbury and Timiskaming. — Those parts of the territorial districts of Cochrane and Thunder Bay not included in schedules 1 and 2. — That part of the Territorial District of Nipissing which is northerly and westerly of a line located as follows: Beginning at the northwesterly angle of the geographic Township of West Ferris; thence easterly along the northerly boundary of that township to the westerly shore of Trout Lake; thence northerly and easterly along the westerly and northerly shore of that lake and along the northerly shore of the Mattawa River to the boundary between Ontario and Quebec. SCHEDULE 4 — The territorial districts of Algoma, Manitoulin, Rainy River, Sudbury and Timiskaming. — Those parts of the territorial districts of Cochrane, Kenora, and Thunder Bay not included in Schedule 2. — That part of the Territorial District of Nipissing which is northerly and westerly of a line located as follows: Beginning at the northwesterly angle of the geographic Township of West Ferris; thence easterly along the northerly boundary of that township to the westerly shore of Trout Lake; thence northerly and easterly along the westerly and northerly shore of that lake and along the northerly shore of the Mattawa River to the boundary between Ontario and Quebec. SCHEDULE 5 — The territorial districts of Muskoka and Parry Sound. — That part of the Territorial District of Nipissing lying southerly and easterly of the line located in paragraph 3 of schedule 3. — The Provisional County of Haliburton and the County of Renfrew. — Those parts of the counties of Frontenac, Hastings, Lennox and Addington, Peterborough and Victoria lying northerly of the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 7. — That part of the County of Lanark lying northerly and westerly of a line located as follows: Beginning at a point in the westerly boundary of the County of Lanark where it is intersected by the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 7; thence in a general easterly direction along that centre line to the intersection of the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 15 in the Township of Drummond; thence in a general northeasterly direction along the last-mentioned centre line to the intersection of the centre line of that part of the King's Highway known as No. 29 in the Township of Beckwith; thence in a general northwesterly direction along the last-mentioned centre line to its inter- section with the boundary between the counties of Carleton and Renfrew; thence northerly and easterly along the southerly boundary of the last-mentioned county to the boundary between Ontario and Quebec. 57 UJ O O CO HI I- Z I •o ;no5tooq xnoig aoDiuis asiBq KinsuTuaj eorug uOkinjj e3{Bq ^iCanqpns punog ^oaBj asiojqiuej ^ailiA^duie;^ pa^Mj, ^■Bspuiq _© 10 T-H T)< O °° ^ irj !j T3 -C ^H ■^ S o > <1 3 >H c3^ in «^ - ^ CO CO "? S -^^ ;2! eg CO «^ 00 £-: m ^ X la CO d rH !h S o (M l> o 2 00 id CO iH t 3 J3 tH t- (M be Tfl d eg to ^ 00 ig eg eg ~; lo CO 55 CO rH 00 kO Oi S '^ 00 M =^ ^ LC) U5 ■>* ^ CO 00 ^ eg ,H -2 OJ CO ;^ e 3 3 ^_, 3 .2 J3 ■ r^ T3 50 § S 4^ CO C T3 O C ■-3 is! c^ i> ■3 "-> Si •5 p •C "« 'S a; 4) -g to 58 SCHEDULE 6 — The counties of Carleton, Dundas, Durham, Glengarry, Grenville, Leeds, Northumberland, Prescott, Prince Edward, Russell and Stormont. — Those parts of the counties of Frontenac, Hastings, Lennox and Addington, Peterborough and Victoria not included in paragraph 4 of schedule 5. — That part of the County of Lanark not included in paragraph 5 of schedule 5. SCHEDULE 7 — The counties of Dufferin, Ontario, Peel, Simcoe and York. SCHEDULE 8 — The counties of Brant, Bruce, Grey, Halton, Huron, Oxford, Perth, Waterloo, Wellington and Wentworth. SCHEDULE 9 — The counties of Elgin, Essex, Haldimand, Kent, Lambton, Lincoln, Middlesex, Norfolk and Welland. GAME MANAGEMENT, 1962 The 1962 Deer Hunt In Ontario The whitetailed deer is unquestionably the most important big game animal in North America. One or more of the whitetail's thirty subspecies is found in almost every state and province; while civilization has pushed other big game species into wilderness beyond the reach of many hunters, the whitetail thrives within a few miles of metropolitan areas. Deer are Mr. Average Hunter's big game and in 1961 almost 112,000 licences were sold to Ontario's deer hunters. This compares with small game licence sales of just over 350,000 and since it is likely that many hunters held both types of licences, it is evident that a large proportion of Ontario's hunters pursue the whitetail. The Province's annual deer harvest is estimated at 30,000 animals, about one deer for every four hunters. Although this is a large quantity of venison, it is only a very small proportion of the annual harvest taken by the over six million deer hunters in the United States and Canada. Ontario is, in fact, at the northern edge of the continent's deer range and much of northern Ontario does not support huntable densities of deer. Weather, in several ways, plays a very important role in determining whether the hunter brings home his venison in the fall. Severe winter conditions reduce deer populations drastically, especially along the northern "fringe" of Ontario's range. At the same time, weather during the hunting season determines in large part whether the hunter is given an opportunity to harvest the deer which are available. Weather of both types mentioned above greatly influenced results of the 1962 deer hunt and because conditions vary so widely across the province, each District will be treated in turn. Sioux Lookout, Kenora and Fort Frances Districts, in the Western Region, again enjoyed the best deer hunting the province had to offer, with success rates for these Districts at 40.5, 52.3 and 49.6% respectively. (See Table 1) Mild winters for the past few years have resulted in bumper crops of deer in this region, 59 o to LU 2 ^ UJ LU N ^ < I- 2 Z -5 lu i ^ Z °^ O Q 9 ^ z o D- < O -2 Wo o ui CO Oi CO CO CO CO T-H q (M in o tH IM O Mi 00 tH Tf CO i-H iH i-H T— 1 CO tH CO 00 in 1-1 00 o in 1-1 in 00 00 00 o < OS 1— ( CO 00 CO q CO CD '^ iH oa q CO i-H CO CO t- T— 1 in CO CD 05 (M orts indicated a 42% average success, a startling change from the 26.1% recorded last year. Kemptville District's success rate once again was higher than in most southern Ontario districts, although the 35.0% success reported by 254 "camps" was slightly lower than last year. Less effort was required to take a deer this year, however — 13.3 man-days of hunting opposed to 15.9 days last year. In Lake Simcoe District, in a three-day season on the crown lands of Matchedash Township and in a 12-day season in Baxter, Wood, Rama and Mara Townships, success for the 571 hunters checked was 23.6%. This is a slight gain from 1961's 22.3%. In Huron District, the regular six-day season prevailed on the Bruce Peninsula. At the Wiarton checking station, 1,480 hunters were interviewed. Hunter success was 15.2%, up slightly from last year's 14.3%. Elsewhere in Huron District, several Counties had a three-day season. Weather was not favourable and this reduced the harvest. Hunter success for the 1,941 sportsmen interviewed was 10.7% with 12.2 days of hunting effort required to take a deer. In Erie District, four Counties enjoyed a three-day season, after many years of closure. An estimated 7,882 hunters participated and took 818 deer for a success rate of 10.3%. Five and one-third man-days of hunting were required to bag a deer. The weather was good for hunting, hunters were most orderly and few complaints were received from landowners. A substantial proportion of the deer hunters were farmers and the season was a popular one with many landowners. In Southern Lindsay District, the Counties of Durham and Northumberland were also open for three days. Although poor weather and lack of knowledge concerning the deer runways may have reduced the kill, most hunters and land- owners were pleased with the results. One "cornfed" buck, weighing in at 285 lbs. dressed, was taken in Durham and may have been the largest deer taken in Ontario this year. In Table 3, the age class composition of the deer checked from each district is tabulated. One of the most significant aspects of this table is the low percentage of 2i/2-year-old deer in the kill. Although, we know that this age class is the most difficult one to age correctly, it is also true that in several districts, the 2 1/2-year-olds were produced after a second consecutive severe winter, e.g. Sud- bury, North Bay, Pembroke. It is likely that many fawns failed to survive because malnourished does could not give them proper care. This showed up as lower than normal percentages of yearling deer last year and will be apparent again 63 CD Z Z) I UJ to O O to Hi U V V s s W CO cd o w Is § 1 *^ ~ CO ■ 2 o 5/2 O u su J ^ Q -O N CO r-H O O 1— I r-l i-l 1-1 o Tj< (M rj< CD t- TJH «Cl T(< -^ ?D U3 IC CO (N O (M OS O t- t~ «5 Ci 00 >o o C^ O t- t-00 i-H 1-1 CO OJ t- Oi t:)< O O O O O O O o o g5 o o Tf Tj< Tt r-l CO 00 O t- Tj< t- Tt< 1-1 O Tjt (M Ttl lO Tf Tf IC (M CD 00 OS t- CO t- th CO m tH tH iH -^ 1-1 iH 00 T-IO Oi tr- ie CO o in CO ■* CO CO ^ 0) ;-i ?3[ C ^1 tn f^ .X iK O O <1> ft o wo «D ic m T)< 00 CD rH CO O 05 CD CO in 05 00 o oi t-^ lo tH 1—1 1-1 (M tH tH iH CD in CD lO O (M 05 tH CD (M C- Tt< CD t- CD CO (M CO in in (N ■^ 00 in 00 CD (M CO Tj< r-l 03 CD >H Oi (M Oi 05 o 00 o> Oi m t> iH 1-1 CD i-H CO iH -^ tC CO in Oi Tft ■* o m CO 1-1 Tt Oi in Tjt th CO in in -<* Oi oi ri«J +J m 13 S3 u ^ ■g (72 rt On.-t^ ,1^ ^ -U o^r^ - - '-' Tj< 00 TJH Tt cdt)< oioo t> COCO(M CO "^ CO b— Tjt iH 1-1 m in & S OJ o 00 in mino m m -^ Tj< 1-1 in in CO CO m 00 in in m o in in rj< Tj< (M m m CO CO o be t s 03 64 next year as a scarcity of 31/2-year-oIds. In summary, mild winters have produced good hunting in the western region and future hunting prospects, following a very mild winter in 1962-63, are excellent. Along the northern limit of the eastern range, herds were gradually recover- ing. We cannot be too optimistic concerning the 1963 hunt, since the past winter has been very severe, and heavy losses were again incurred particularly in the Sudbury District. Across the eastern deer range, south of the French and Mattawa Rivers, weather during the hunt was favourable and hunting was good in 1962. Although snow was deep during the winter just past, it was of light density and impeded deer movements very little. Hunting success next fall in the main eastern deer range will depend in large part on weather during the hunt. If we have normal weather conditions, it is quite possible that as a result of the higher than normal kill in 1962, a decrease in hunter success may be experienced. The 1962 Moose Hunt In Ontario Moose in Ontario attracted over 46,000 hunters in 1962, and licence sales were the highest on record. There was an indication that the annual large increase in sales was levelling off, however. Total licence sales increased by only 3.1%, compared with a 23.8% increase the previous year. Table No. 1 below shows the trend in licence sales over the past seven years. Since the season was opened jn 1951 after a short period of closure, the number of moose hunters afield has increased over thirtyfold from 1400 in 1951 to the present total of 46,145. Table No. I MOOSE LICENCES SOLD IN ONTARIO 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 Residents Non-Residents Res.-Moose-Deer 13440 1550 900 17369 1893 38 22688 2362 1245 26349 3431 0 30340 4214 1608 38977 5775 0 39470 6675 0 TOTAL 15890 19262 26295 29780 36160 44752 46145 For the fourth consecutive year. District Fish and Wildlife staffs collected information on the hunt by obtaining questionnaires from a systematic sample of moose hunters. Names were taken from licence book covers and hunters were contacted by mail, and in some instances, by telephone. Tables number 2 and 3 show the results of these surveys by Forest District. Over 13,000 moose were harvested in 1962 by resident and non-resident hunters. Hunting success for residents was 25.1%, while non-residents, always somewhat more successful, enjoyed a success rate of 53.4%, For residents, hunting in northern Ontario, hunting success at 24.9% was very similar to last year's 25.4%,. Resident success for southern Ontario is not a true reflection of hunting quality; many deer-moose hunting groups treated the moose licence as a camp licence, and thus hunting success is misleading. The kill in southern Ontario did decline however and there appears to have been fewer moose available to the hunter than in 1961. The total estimated provincial harvest of 13,295 65 CM CD Z I UJ «/) O o :e z LXJ 9 UJ Z O z hi V « ^ 9 t .- 4-1 4> e4 O cc -g ft ^ ■ 2 2 01 "ft * -5 .a oqoq oo 00 t> ?D CO CD 1^ TflH) Tj< to oeo eooo iH 00 © O -^ CO 00 Tf iH o 05 o -^ X lO CD 05 CO Tj5o6 3 I O OS 00 OS O 00 iH t> 1-1 -rj* t> T}< O lO 00 OS O U5 iH CD lo lo 00 d t> iH CD OS 00 t- OS CD OS o oo O o o o di d o> ^ <6 <~i d> o o o o o o o CO O t> Tt< 00 O 00 O CO -^ t- t- 00 CD iH i-l(M kC 00 CO O t> ■<* 00 O 00 O CO -re t- t- 00 CD iH iH (M LO 00 0 3J3 HL, M oj p,.-^ ;!:5 JO '3 ^ M o o t> c/2 c/2 !z; o Tfi OS iO CO (N eg t-o Tf 00 CD t-o tu T3«H ^s lU s be' o3 be s 66 moose compares to a recalculated estimate of 12,689 for 1961 and is undoubtedly the highest kill on record for the Province. This year the method of obtaining estimates of harvest and hunter success was revised slightly, and for the first time, an accurate estimate of the number of moose taken by those hunters who failed to forward information on their hunt is available. In recent years, studies have been carried out in several districts to compare the success of reporting hunters as opposed to those hunters who failed to forward information on their hunt. The percentage of the total kill which has been reported and the percentage of the sample which has been returned through- out the period in which returns were received have been plotted for those districts obtaining a high proportion of sample returns. These studies indicate that success- ful hunters are much more apt to contribute information concerning their hunt v/ithout prompting while those hunters, delinquent in sending in their reports, are often unsuccessful. For instance, it has been found that approximately 86% of the total harvest has been reported when only 75% of sample returns has been received. Fortunately, the proportion of successful and nonsuccessful moose hunters who report api>ears to be the same across the Province, and since the bias is a constant one, accurate estimates of the total kill can be made. This is particularly important in those districts which do not get a high percent return of their sample. The kill in these districts has been over-estimated in the past to a degree directly proportional to the percentage of hunters failing to make a return. To provide the most accurate information, the new method has been used to recalculate resident harvest information for the past three years, 1959 through 1961; this information is contained in Table no. 4 Although all 1962 data have been calculated using the new system, recal- culation of non-resident data prior to 1962 is impossible because of previous methods of obtaining this information. For this reason, the statistics concerning the kill and hunter success of non-residents for 1962 can not be compared on the same basis with similar data for previous years. The best moose hunting the Province has to offer still lies north and west of Lake Superior in the western moose management region. All but one of the districts located from the Manitoba boundary to Geraldton had better resident hunting success in 1962 compared to the previous year. Success fell in Sioux Lookout District in 1962, as the district staff predicted before the season opened. Water levels in the Sioux Lookout District were extremely high, moose watering areas were abundant and thus moose were observed less frequently in the usually exposed locations along the waterways. Kenora District had the best hunting in the Province for both residents and non-residents with success rates of 51.1 and 67.7% respectively. Fort Frances residents enjoyed 44.1% success while resident success for Port Arthur and Geraldton was 33.1 and 38.0% respectively. Non-resident success for these Districts was somewhat better than for residents as shown in Table no. 3. Unusually warm weather during the first part of the season made hunting difficult in the northern portions of the Province. Locker plants were filled to capacity and many hunters were hard pressed to save their moose meat; the total kUl was undoubtedly lower because of weather conditions; the unseasonable weather also changed the temporal distribution of the kill, particularly that of resident hunters. In Sioux Lookout, 56% of the total kill was taken during the first two weeks in October, compared to 61% obtained in the same period in 1961 and in Kapuskasing District, although the season opened on September 15, only 67 Table No. 4 RESIDENT MOOSE HUNTERS Kill and Percent Success, Data Based on Revised Method of Calculating Kill 1959 1960 % Success 1961 % Kill Success 1962 Kill Success % District Kill Success Kill * Western Sioux Lookout 369 42.4 492 39.4 813 56.1 544 Kenora 281 36.8 572 47.5 828 46.7 562 Fort Frances 129 45.0 159 27.6 256 39.0 344 Port Arthur 640 30.0 871 29.4 796 23.9 1246 Geraldton 869 31.4 998 32.3 1063 34.9 1067 * Northern Kapuskasing 786 31.8 863 31.4 892 28.0 911 Cochrane 341 13.2 601 22.4 471 15.8 708 ♦Central Swastika 407 17.4 470 19.7 533 18.2 616 Gogama 269 19.9 351 23.2 509 22.0 365 Chapleau 200 15.5 318 25.4 452 21.7 226 White River 223 27.2 362 33.0 377 19.9 375 Sault Ste. Marie __ 445 15.0 475 17.2 670 21.7 540 Sudbury 636 23.0 473 15.4 617 19.3 562 North Bay 295 30.0 426 21.1 439 17.3 279 NORTHERN ONT. 5890 24.0 7431 25.9 8716 25.4 8345 24.9 * Southern Parry Sound No 400 44.5 471 26.4 437 26.4 Lindsay Open 146 45.5 211 30.5 130 24.8 Tweed Season 52 44.8 61 24.0 33 19.4 Pembroke 95 66.0 116 31.2 172 38.4 SOUTHERN ONT.** 693 859 772 PROVINCIAL 5890 24.0 8124 26.9 9575 25.6 9130 25.1 Estimated licences used 24481 30144 37526 36801 43.1 51.1 44.1 33.1 38.0 25.3 20.5 15.6 19.1 18.3 20.0 19.9 17.6 15.3 * Moose Management Regions. **High success rate due to party hunting of deer and moose. 68 11% of the total reported kill was taken during September while 56.5% was taken in the first two weeks of October. In the northern moose management region, comprising Kapuskasing and Cochrane Forest Districts, non-residents enjoyed better success than in 1961, while 1962 resident success was lower in Kapuskasing and higher in Cochrane. Further to the south in the central moose management region from White River on the west to North Bay and Sudbury Districts to the south, hunting success for residents fell slightly in 1962. Non-resident success rose in three of the seven districts, however, while it was lower in four of these districts. In southern Ontario, fewer licences were issued and fewer kills were reported. Because of party hunting, success is difficult to evaluate. Table No. 4 indicates that resident hunter success across the Province has varied only slightly during the past four years. Gains in hunting success for this period have occurred in northwestern Ontario, and in Cochrane District in the northeast. In Kapuskasing and in many of the districts in northcentral Ontario, success has remained relatively stable or has declined slightly during these four years. Table No. 4 shows that the harvest taken by residents in 1962 declined slightly; this is somewhat misleading and the kill in 1962 probably equalled or exceeded the harvest taken in 1961, since the 1962 estimate of total licences used was over 2,000 short of actual licence sales. Errors inherent in the method used to calculate number of licences used and kill are responsible for this discrepancy. For seven of the twelve districts opened to non-resident hunting, non-resident hunting success was lower than in 1961. At least some of this difference was due to the new method of calculating kill and hunter success. Gains in non-resident success over those for 1961 were registered by five districts, Kapuskasing, Cochrane, Gogama, White River and Sault Ste. Marie. There is no question that these districts had better non-resident hunting in 1962, since previous figures were overestimated to varying degrees. The sex and age classification of moose, as reported by hunters, is contained in tables Nos. 5 and 6. In Northern Ontario, every district indicated that hunters had taken more bulls than cows. Resident hunters took 57.7% bulls while non- residents were even more selective, taking 62.3%. These differences are signifi- cantly different from a 50-50 sex ratio at the 5% confidence level. It is very likely that the difference from an even sex ratio is due to the preference of hunters for bulls. Evidently there are more trophy hunters among non-residents since the ratio of bulls to cows has been consistently higher for non-residents through the years. This selection for trophy animals also shows up in the proportion of calves in the kill; calves comprised 16.4% of the kill taken by residents in Northern Ontario and a very much lower 10.8% of moose taken by non-residents. It appears that Southern Ontario moose hunters are not selective, since the percentage of bulls to cows was 47.2 to 52.8. Sample size is small and this difference from an even sex ratio is not statistically significant. In 1961, the proportion of adult bulls to adult cows was 52.0% to 48.0% which was not significantly different from an even sex ratio. It is probable that hunters in Northern Ontario have more opportunity to select their kill while in Southern Ontario, the trend is to take the first moose seen. Access to hunting areas remains the most serious obstacle to the efficient harvesting of moose in Ontario. Distribution of moose hunters is directly related to the access provided by roads, waterways, and in some instances, railways. Very 69 Table No. 5 CLASSIFICATION OF RESIDENT MOOSE KILL, 1962 Data Taken From Questionnaires Returned by Moose Hunters Forest District No. Moose Reported in Sample Percent of Total Kill Adults Calves Bulls & Cows as % of Adults %S %9 %$ %Q Table No. 6 Calves as % of Total Kill Sioux Lookout 174 46.0 37.4 9.2 7.4 55.1 44.9 16.6 Kenora 205 42.9 38.1 11.7 7.3 53.0 47.0 19.0 Fort Frances 110 41.8 29.1 18.2 10.9 58.9 41.0 29.0 Port Arthur 123 51.2 35.0 8.1 5.7 59.4 40.6 13.8 Geraldton 264 43.4 37.1 10.6 8.7 53.9 46.1 19.3 Kapuskasing 197 49.3 35.6 11.6 3.5 58.0 42.0 15.2 Cochrane 130 50.5 39.2 5.3 5.0 56.4 43.6 10.3 Swastika 127 52.7 37.8 7.8 1.7 58.3 41.7 9.5 Gogama 159 55.4 31.5 6.9 6.2 63.7 36.3 13.2 Chapleau 166 50.6 35.5 5.4 8.5 58.7 41.3 13.8 White River 113 46.9 32.7 7.0 13.2 58.8 41.2 20.3 Sault Ste. Marie 56 51.7 32.1 10.7 5.3 61.7 38.3 16.2 Sudbury 68 57.4 27.9 8.8 5.9 67.2 32.8 14.7 North Bay 52 44.2 34.6 11.5 9.6 56.0 44.0 21.1 Northern Ontario 1944 48.2 35.2 9.4 6.9 57.7 42.3 16.4 Parry Sound 336 38.7 38.9 13.7 8.7 49.8 50.2 6.1 Lindsay 119 31.1 42.1 11.7 15.1 42.5 57.5 26.8 Tweed 31 16.1 54.8 9.6 19.3 22.7 77.3 29.0 Pembroke 77 44.1 41.5 5.1 9.3 51.5 48.5 14.2 Southern Ontario 568 36.5 40.8 11.7 11.0 47.2 52.8 22.6 ONTARIO 2507 45.6 36.4 10.0 7.8 55.5 44.5 17.8 CLASSIFICATION OF NON-RESIDENT MOOSE KILL, 1962 Data Taken From Questionnaires Returned by Moose Hunters Forest District No. Moose Reported in Sample Percent of Total Kill Adults Calves Bulls & Cows as % of Adults Calves as % of Total Kill %$ %9 %$ %Q Kenora 419 Sioux Lookout 728 Port Arthur 352 Geraldton 372 Kapuskasing 120 Cochrane 49 Swastika 24 Gogama 106 Chapleau 128 White River 259 Sault Ste. Marie 106 Sudbury 13 North Bay 0 54.9 55.4 54.8 52.2 55.8 61.2 79.1 55.7 58.6 54.8 65.0 84.6 32.0 35.2 33.8 36.8 32.5 28.5 20.9 36.7 29.6 34.7 27.4 7.7 Northern Ontario __ 2676 None Reported 55.6 33.5 6.7 4.3 5.7 5.3 5.0 8.2 5.8 3.9 5.0 3.8 7.7 6.4 5.0 5.7 5.6 6.6 2.1 1.8 7.8 5.4 3.8 63.1 61.1 61.8 58.6 63.2 68.1 79.1 60.2 66.3 61.2 70.4 91.6 36.9 39.9 31.2 41.4 36.8 31.9 20.9 39.8 32.7 38.8 29.6 8.4 5.1 5.7 62.3 37.7 9.3 11.3 11.0 11.6 10.2 7.5 11.8 10.4 7.6 7.6 10.8 70 large areas more difficult of access are hunted extremely lightly. A province-wide census on which statistical tests for accuracy and error were conducted produced an estimated 125,000 moose for the province in 1959. Since then, no significant trends have been noted which would change this estimate to any great degree. Ontario's moose herd could produce a harvest several times larger than the present kill of about 13,000 animals. Unfortunately, many of these unharvested animals are located in remote areas with little chance that moose and the hunter, travelling by conventional means, will "get together". On the other hand, certain accessible areas are becoming congested with hunters; hunter success suffers and temporary shortages of moose may occur because of overhunting. These moose are usually replaced by an influx of moose from less accessible areas before the next hunting season, however. To relieve hunter congestion and to increase hunting pressure in those large remote areas where present high densities of moose occur, searching for moose from the air, first initiated in 1961, was permitted in two experimental areas in northwestern Ontario last year. Permits to search for moose from the air were taken out by 421 hunters. Although some of the permittees did not hunt, 316 moose were taken for a hunter success of 79.4%. The average number of moose seen per hunter was 17. Few, if any, of these moose would have been taken had not the special regulation been in effect. The exi>eriment has been a successful one and two large remote areas which contain high density moose populations and which do not contain land or water routes allowing hunters ready access, will be open to aircraft hunting in 1963. Prospects for the 1963 hunting season are bright and particularly so in the northwestern and northern moose management regions. Weather depressed the kill last year in some areas and if normal weather conditions occur during the first part of the season when the major portion of the hunting is done, the prospects for a successful moose hunt are excellent. Ruffed Grouse Studies, 1962 During the summer of 1962, District staffs throughout Ontario doubled their effort in counting the number of ruffed grouse young in each brood sighted during the period from May until September. A total of 1,072 broods were counted in eighteen districts, compared to 576 broods counted in 1961. The increase in 1962 was a result of increased efforts placed on this phase of our ruffed grouse studies by the districts. In addition, the increase in numbers might also be a result of a general increase in grouse populations, throughout Ontario. Table No. 1 summarizes the brood count by district and by month. The brood counts in May are not significant because there are such a small number but it is worth noting that early broods may generally be smaller in size in the districts of Southern Ontario. In all of the districts, except Parry Sound, Sudbury and Kenora, brood size in June was greater than in June, 1961. In July, brood size was greater in all districts of the province except Parry Sound. In August, however, brood size was greater in all districts, except Gogama, Swastika, Port Arthur, Fort Frances, Kenora, Sioux Lookout in comparison to 1961. 71 CM Z o o o o o a: O CD 3 o Z _2 n o o o o o t- U5 lO I> CO O O (N ^ be CD 00 «0 T|5 CO ui lO ■^ 00 ui oi «5 C/2 bo ^ CO n Of be n CgOSO-njOOONO-^C^C^Jr-JOOlt-IMC*]!:- t-<:DCOinit>lOlCt>lri«3U5U5t>kriTJcoiOia 05'^iH05iOTHOiC I> CO Tli 00 00 ^ -^ iH iH 00 t>ioooeoc<;i>050a>«o t>U5lO'^COU3lO(NCO'^'T(< CD t> IC 00 CD CO lO CO CO ^" (Nt-;COCTl c-^ 00 rH 00 t-^ OOOiOOOSCOCOUiTj^CDli* ■<*cood«ocdo6cDt>co"^as Tt< 00 (M 05 O t> CO CD o o CD id 3^ 0) W Ah 3 >» o cS m m & 5 rf o Oh ^ CO M I CO o of CD 3 ui < CO I-H 00 lO Oi 00 ^ t-; Tt< eg o «o o la O o 1-H tH l> lO IC ?o 00 00 c U5 c^ o o 00 t> «£5 00 q r-t *o d >w tH 1— 1 r-5 (M' d d 1— ( d r-i oi 'a * g .2 d IS oqcoqqt-^inoscgos iticoccidrA'^cit^TA CO 00 00 00 CO lO o-<*T)C<1050000OC0 -^00 iH C0(Mt>lOiHrHt-rH CO a500Tt >> > H ^ OJ 05 O hj w Ph ;z; ►-^ o ;s O O >" .5 !> O C/! 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I? ;z: § 00 O :;- 7^3 :;: 12: ;z; iz; T— I to CO O) -rl ■^ ^ Iz; CO '^ Tj< Tf in w ec ^ W O -5f CO lO OS 7 >7 O ^ ^ la ^1 :;5 m Z CO m :2;^52; ;z;;z;^;z;^;z; m m iH fe > >» 1 a; s 1 I» 0) ^ "§ < w Uj J s I 05 3 o Oh m o eo o 00 w CO %< t3 00 m 00 T-H CO «D t- OS O W I Eh 87 FUR MANAGEMENT In 1962-63 most of the province enjoyed better trapping conditions than those that prevailed during the preceding season. Partly as a result of the improved weather, snow and ice conditions, there was an increase in the quantities caught of all species except marten and mink. Beaver were outstanding with a total catch greater than ever before recorded for Ontario. The previous record was in 1957-58 with a harvest of 140,371 pelts whereas this year the harvest was 167,408, thus breaking the record by some 27,000. In recognition of the frequently late spring thaw in the extreme north, the closing date for beaver trapping in the North and Northwestern sections of the province was extended this year from March 31 to April 15. The Ontario Trappers' Association Fur Sales Service held five sales at their North Bay warehouse again this year, with continuing success. Sales were Decem- ber 11, January 18, March 4, April 18 and May 27. Further quantities of fur were received at the warehouse after the final sale, so with the trappers' consent a bulk shipment was made to Winnipeg to be sold at the June 26 sale. Pelt volume increased 48% over the previous year while the total value increased 85%, indicating an improved demand for most species. Beaver dominated the sales again this year making up 63.5% of the total sales value. Mink and Muskrat were about equal, with the former accounting for 12.4% and the latter 12.1%. Otter made up 4.2% of the sales revenue, followed by Marten and Raccoon each with 1.7%, Lynx 1.6%, Fisher 1.3%, and Fox, Weasel and Squirrel together with Wolves, Bear and Castoreum making up the remainder. Beaver — Demand, value and catch are all higher than last year, and the outlook is good for next year. Mink — The catch is still slipping down, although not nearly as badly as last year. However, the drop in volume was offset by an increase in the average value. Muskrat — The price and demand is much improved, due in part to increas- ing European interest in this item. The volume harvested is still far below the provincial potential. Otter — A slight increase in the harvest was evident. This species is one of the most stable of our furs both in production and value. Fox and Raccoon — There is an improving demand for these two items which resulted in increased values. Fisher and Marten — There was a very poor demand for fisher coupled with a lower average price. On the other hand, demand and price for marten increased, although the catch dropped. Lynx — The catch is still improving, thus setting another record for harvest of this species in Ontario. Along with the other "fine" or "long" furs, except fisher, the price is increasing. Weasel, Squirrel and Skunk — Numbers of these taken remain quite low and combined with the low prices paid are of little importance except to the young trapper. Castors — There is an increasing demand for this item and the price is also 88 improving. Castors are the scent glands of beaver and the castoreum is used primarily as a base for the manufacture of perfumes. Bear and Wolves — Market and demand improving. At the North Bay sales bear hides brought an average of $15.21 with $30.00 as the highest price paid. Wolves averaged $5.15 with a high of $13.00. TRENDS IN TOTAL SEALED PELTS AND VALUES Total Total Average* Average* Sealed Sealed % Change Value Value % Change 1961-62 1962-63 Volume 1961-62 1962-63 Value Beaver 137,609 167,408 + 21.6% 10.48 12.67 + 20.8% Fisher 2,728 2,830 + 3.7% 13.51 10.27 - 24.3% Lynx 4,578 4,743 + 3.6% 9.02 13.28 + 47.2% Marten 10,260 7,748 - 24.5% 3.66 6.61 + 80.6% Mink 47,215 43,048 - 8.8% 8.98 12.21 + 35.9% Otter 7,456 8,326 + 11.6% 24.40 23.82 - 2.4% ♦Average for all grades and sizes throughout season at O.T.A. fur sales, North Bay. 89 cr xtx 05C0t>iH?0r-l (MTje<3t-r-((NO TH(M(NOSrHeCi-(iH THr-tTHiH->*rHC0(MrHeOr-(eO (M O O 00 1^ «o tH «0 05 -* t- o O »iS (N CD IC 1-1 s 03 t- t- (N CO 00 fO tH U3 -^ t£)(>30(MTtCDTj<00^-^COOO o?o(MooooocoocoTt<(MOiT)- OQ I o I— < lOOS-^OOOO-^CgTHOOSiHt-COt-OOrHCOCgrHOO T)C000OiHC0(M iH 7-\ (M iH t^ClO O5(MC0CD iH CO oa 03 3 hSi Oh O c5 CO p c« 05 cS .5 o 1 g tf ss 03 ' u -P 4) ■t ^ OS .3 .s CIS 'cj ]w y 'S 'C 'S ■jj -(J -p c3 c3 iS Ph Pk Oh be a-^ o Hi 90 AVERAGE PRICE AND CATCH RECORDS 1956-57 1957-58 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 1961-62* 1962-63* Beaver Year's Catch 106738 140371 120566 110615 132375 137609 167408 Ave. Price Pd. 11.10 10.50 10.40 13.30 10.70 10.48 12.67 Fisher Year's Catch 2127 3173 2365 3125 3348 2728 2830 Ave. Price. Pd. __ 17.40 16.30 15.95 19.20 8.00 13.57 10.27 Fox, Coloured Year's Catch 1253 2031 1858 1188 1655 2960 1647 Ave. Price Pd. __ .50 .75 1.45 2.77 2.10 3.32 5.02 Fox, Arctic Year's Catch 60 128 302 85 98 130 61 Ave. Price Pd. __ 15.00 14.65 14.35 20.00 20.00 15.00 15.00 Lynx Year's Catch 564 1103 2242 4038 4502 4578 4743 Ave. Price Pd. _^ 5.80 6.75 13.40 15.10 7.70 9.02 13.28 Marten Year's Catch 4467 6061 4559 6361 9325 10260 7748 Ave. Price Pd. __ 5.25 4.75 4.95 4.75 3.45 3.66 6.61 Mink Year's Catch 36284 49484 44926 47445 61520 47215 43048 Ave. Price Pd. __ 13.30 10.50 11.40 13.25 8.35 8.98 12.21 Muskrat Year's Catch 443153 446578 337986 320287 304731 377888 345428 Ave. Price Pd. .95 .75 .84 .81 .54 .98 1.60 Otter Year's Catch 5727 8519 6698 6040 7422 7456 8326 Ave. Price Pd. __ 26.55 22.50 22.70 25.90 23.70 24.40 23.82 Raccoon Year's Catch 10551 9596 4200 10580 7433 9543 9190 Ave. Price Pd. 1.60 1.30 1.35 2.01 1.70 3.00 3.39 Skunk Year's Catch 1105 2019 572 389 216 264 112 Ave. Price Pd. __ .72 .82 .87 .70 .45 .50 .72 Squirrel Year's Catch 19440 14778 11330 9255 12496 10099 12851 Ave. Price Pd. __ .14 .15 .11 .10 .12 .15 .23 Weasel Year's Catch 17981 16410 11626 12472 12631 11143 10213 Ave. Price Pd, __ .67 .52 .56 .60 .45 .49 .39 ♦Average price used is from O.T.A. North Bay Sales. 91 REVENUE RECEIVED FROM EXPORT PERMITS July 1st, 1962 to June 30th, 1963 Total Amount Total Amount of Pelts of Revenue 164,293 $164,293.00 2,862 2,862.00 48 36.00 4,818 722.70 7,385 3,692.50 41,987 41,987.00 358,010 17,900.50 8,416 10,520.00 12,724 636.20 4 1.60 206 2,233 380 19,914 67 $242,651.00 Beaver Fisher Fox (White) Lynx Marten Mink Muskrat Otter Weasel Wolverine Fox (Cross) Fox (Red) Fox (Silver, Black or Blue) Raccoon Skunk TOTAL REVENUE ROYALTY RECEIVED FROM TANNERS PERMITS July 1st, 1962 to June 30th, 1963 Total Amount of Pelts Total Amount of Revenue Beaver 2,433 Fisher 17 Fox (White) 13 Lynx 53 Marten 472 Mink 1,133 Muskrat 61,946 Otter 33 Weasel 109 Wolverine 1 Fox (Cross) 29 Fox (Red) 303 Fox (Silver, Black or Blue) 33 Raccoon 2,465 Skunk 100 TOTAL REVENUE $2,433.00 17.00 9.75 7.95 236.00 1,133.00 3,097.30 41.25 5.45 .40 $6,981.10 92 STATEMENT OF WILD PELTS EXPORTED OR TANNED SHOWING NUMBER AND VALUE OF PELTS AND ROYALTY RECEIVED FROM July 1st, 1962 to June 30th, 1963 Beaver Fisher Fox (White) Lynx Marten Mink Muskrat Otter Weasel Wolverine Fox (Cross) Fox (Red) Fox (Silver, Black or Blue) Raccoon Skunk Revenue received from Export Permits $ 242,651.50 Revenue received from Tanners Permits 6,981.10 TOTAL REVENUE $ 249,632.60 Pelts Pelts Total Value Exported Tanned Pelts of Pelts 164,293 2,433 166,726 $1,959,030.50 2,862 17 2,879 32,100.85 48 13 61 915.00 4,818 53 4,871 53,824.55 7,385 472 7,857 47,534.85 41,987 1,133 43,120 491,568.00 358,010 61,946 419,956 587,938.40 8,416 33 8,449 196,016.80 12,724 109 12,833 5,389.68 4 1 5 52.50 206 29 235 930.60 2,233 303 2,536 9,560.72 380 33 413 1,961.75 19,914 2,465 22,379 52,366.86 67 100 167 120.24 623,347 69,140 692,487 $3,439,311.30 STATEMENT OF RANCH-RAISED PELTS EXPORTED OR TANNED SHOWING NUMBER AND VALUE OF PELTS FROM July 1st, 1962 to June 30th, 1963 Fox (Silver, Black or Blue) Mink Pelts Exported Pelts Tanned Total Pelts Value of Pelts 88 335,969 63 50,013 50,076 151 385,982 $ 1,208.00 6,175,712.00 336,057 386,133 $6,176,920.00 93 REVENUE RECEIVED FROM PELTS EXPORTED OR TANNED IN YEAR ENDING JUNE 30th. 1963 Number of Pelts Export Total Total Beaver Export Tanners Royalty on Wild Pelts Export Total Total Beaver Export Tanners 164,293 959,404 119,216 $164,293.00 $242,651.50 5,981.10 PELTS EXPORTED OR TANNED IN YEAR ENDING JUNE 30+h. 1963 Number of Pelts Value of Pelts Wild Ranch Mink Total Ranch Total Wild Ranch Total 692,487 385,982 386,133 1,078,620 $3,439,311.30 $6,176,920.00 $9,616,231.30 WOLF BOUNTY, 1962-1963 The Wolf and Bear Bounty Act authorizes the payment of a $25.00 bounty on a timber or brush wolf three months of age or over and a $15.00 bounty on a timber or brush wolf under three months of age. The whole pelt of the wolf must be presented as evidence on wolves killed in the Counties and the Provisional Judicial District of Manitoulin. However, the whole unskinned head of the wolf may be presented in lieu of the whole pelt, on wolves killed in the Provisional Judicial Districts, excepting Manitoulin. The Department pays the whole bounty on wolves killed in the Provisional Judicial Districts; whereas on wolves killed in the Counties the Department pays 40% of the bounty and the respective County pays the remaining 60%. The following table shows the number and species of wolves killed and the amount of bounty paid during the past five years: Period Timber Brush Pups Total Bounty For year ending March 31, 1959 1169 606 49 1824 $41,589.00 For year ending- March 31, 1960 939 528 42 1509 $33,619.00 For year ending March 31, 1961 1320 761 57 2138 $48,766.00 For year ending March 31, 1962 1136 794 68 1998 $44,510.00 For year ending March 31, 1963 1276 691 64 2031 $44,664.00 A total of 1,531 claims were received and considered by the Department. Twenty-one claims representing 8 wolves and 14 dogs were refused. While there was an over-all increase of 1.6% in the wolf kill this year com- pared to the previous year, the factors responsible for the marked decrease of 65.9% in the brush wolf kill on Manitoulin Island are unknown. The wolf population in this area is being studied under the Wolf Research Project; however no activities in connection with this study would in any way affect the wolf kill and the study is somewhat hampered by the scarcity of wolves in the area. It is interesting to note that 73 timber, 35 brush and 1 pup for a total of 109 wolves were killed by being struck by cars or trucks on highways or other 94 travelled roads. Seven wolves were killed by train. While most of the above were killed under accidental circumstances, one wolf was killed from a snowplane, 3 were killed from an ice-scooter and 161 wolves were killed from aircraft, where the wolves were hunted and shot under a special license issued for that purpose. A report on the Wolf Research Project will be found in the Research Branch's Section of this Annual Report. The following table shows the number of wolves killed, by County and District, on which claims for bounty were received: County Timber Brush Pups Total Bruce 12 12 Carlebon 3 3 Dufferin 2 11 13 Dundas 1 1 Durham 14 14 Elgin 4 4 Essex 2 2 Frontenac 1 23 24 Glengarry 3 3 Grey 8 8 Haldimand 2 2 Halton 1 1 Hastings 15 16 5 36 Huron 3 3 Kent 4 10 14 Lambton 8 5 13 Lanark 18 18 Leeds & Grenville 16 16 Lennox & Addington 5 12 3 20 Middlesex 12 3 Norfolk 3 3 Northumberland 6 4 10 Ontario 3 3 Peterborough 11 5 16 Prescott 1 1 Prince Edward 1 1 Renfrew 64 8 72 Russell 1 1 Simcoe 1 21 22 Victoria 13 12 25 York 1 !_ TOTAL FOR COUNTIES 112 224 29 365 95 District Timber Algoma 91 Cochrane 171 Haliburton 12 Kenora 274 Manitoulin 13 Muskofca 14 Nipissing 124 Parry Sound 73 Rainy River 57 Sudbury 141 Timiskaming 47 Thunder Bay 147 TOTAL FOR DISTRICTS 1164 TOTAL FOR COUNTIES 112 GRAND TOTAL 1276 Brush Pups Total 84 175 1 26 198 12 74 348 45 58 6 20 17 141 14 87 82 139 79 1 221 7 64 58 8 213 467 35 1666 224 29 365 691 64 2031 FUR FARMING, 1962 As predicted, the mink pelt market opened in December with strong demand for Standard Dark and Pastel types. The Darks sold at prices up to 25% above the same period last year with clearances of 95%. The Pastels enjoyed very firm prices to 10% above last year's levels with clearances of 90%. While the Sapphire mink sold well at slightly easier prices, the Pearls and Beige types were 80% to 85% cleared at 20% below last year's levels. Prices for White mink were firm, while Aleutian prices were easier. Clearances for these types were around 75%. This market pattern continued through the months of January, February, March and April when it was estimated that 95% of the Canadian ranch mink crop was sold. Once again European buyers were present at most of the offerings throughout the season and were responsible in great measure for the spirited bidding which accompanied the sale of the most wanted mink types. At times they dominated sales, outbidding major American and Canadian buyers for top quality pelts. With the expanding economy of the European countries the demand for furs, particu- larly mink, has been an important factor in absorbing large quantities of pelts and stabilizing prices. Another important factor in the fur market is the enormous quantities of mink used by the trimming trade. In addition to using mink for trim on cloth coats, contrasting fur coats, suits, dresses and sweaters, mink is also being used for trim on sportswear garments. It is estimated that some four to five million pelts are consumed in these operations by the trimming trade. This is indeed important when one realizes that the world production of ranch mink was in excess of 16 million pelts in 1962. Canada Mink Breeders, the national organization which represents the mink ranching industry, held its 10th Annual Meeting at Vineland, Ontario, in September. This was followed by an International Mink Breeders Conference held in Niagara 96 The following table shows the location, by County or District, of Licensed Fur Farms in 1962. County or District Number Algoma 1 Brant 12 Bruce 22 Dufferin 5 Durham 9 Elgin 6 Essex 11 Frontenac 3 Grenville 3 Grey 27 Haldimand 9 Haliburton 1 Halton 24 Hastings 1 Huron 12 Kenora 5 Kent 15 Lambton 3 Lanark 5 Leeds 3 Lincoln 24 Manitoulin 5 Muskoka 2 Middlesex 20 Nipissing 3 Norfolk 12 Northumberland 1 Ontario 13 Oxford 16 Parry Sound 4 Peel 7 Perth 43 Peterborough 1 Rainy River 3 Simcoe 26 Sudbury 2 Thunder Bay 12 Victoria 4 Waterloo 21 Welland 15 Wellington 39 Wentworth 24 York 26 TOTAL 500 Falls, Ontario. The conference was convened on the invitation of Canada Mink Breeders, and delegates representing Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada attended. Agreements were reached on the exchange of information concerning statistics, research, import restrictions and regulations. It was also agreed that the present international promotion campaigns which are carried out by the North American and European mink organizations should be maintained on the highest possible budget level, and be extended and increased in efficiency so as to influence the largest possible circle of markets and potential customers. Of the three main mink organizations, namely, EMBA representing the 97 U.S.A., SAGA representing the Scandinavian countries, and CMB, the advertising budget of Canada Mink Breeders is the smallest at $250,000 for this year. The Ontario Fur Breeders Association in addition to the regular monthly meetings of the Directors also held a Spring Short Course, a Field Day and a Live Mink Show as educational programs for the members. The Association also was host to the Annual Meeting of Canada Mink Breeders which was held this year in Ontario. Among diseases of lesser importance, 14 cases of Distemper and 5 cases of "Aleutian" disease were reported by Ontario ranchers to the Fur Bearing Animal Diseases Laboratory of the Ontario Veterinary College. For the most part losses resulting from outbreaks of Distemper can be controlled through the use of vaccines. However, outbreaks of "Aleutian" disease result in deaths to many of the affected mink as well as impairing the ability to breed and reproduce in affected mink that do not die. While research on this disease continues, no cure for it has yet been found. A total of 505 Fur Farmer's Licences were issued in 1962. Of these 444 were renewals of previous licences, 56 were new and 5 licences were issued with retroactive provisions to legalize the operation of unlicenced ranches during the previous year. SUMMARY OF BREEDING STOCK Licensed Fur Farms, January 1st 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 Other Animals Beaver (Pens) 1 Beaver (S.C.) 0 Fisher 8 Marten 76 Muskrat (Pens) 2 Muskrat (S.C.) 45 Raccoon : 33 Skunk 3 Fox Blue 57 Other X12 Standard Silver //150 Platinum #186 Mink 119299 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 89 96 97 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 22 20 13 3 3 3 4 83 94 97 57 X13 X14 X9 XI //178 //292 //212 //130 #232 #280 #367 #355 130294 142600 154626 164901 X Includes Cross, Red and White Fox # Includes Pearl Platinum Fox // Includes White Marked Fox 98 COLOUR TYPE OF PELTS TAKEN FROM MINK DURING 1962 DARK AND HALF BLOOD DARK MINK, including Blufrost and Demi Buff 53,947 GREY TYPE such as Silverblu or Platinum, Sage, Opaline, B.O.S., Stewarts & Homos 16,405 DARK BLUE TYPE such as Aleutian, Blue Iris, Steelblu, B.O.S., Stewarts & Homos 25,456 LIGHT BLUE TYPE such as Sapphire, Winterblu, Erie, Violet, B.O.S., Stewarts & Homos 58,464 BROWN TYPE such as Pastel, Topaz, Ambergold, Buff, Dawn, Orchid, Capucine, B.O.S., Stewarts & Homos -.- 175,219 BEIGE TYPE such as Palomino, Pearl, Lavender, Hope, Fawn, B.O.S., Stewarts & Homos 45,048 WHITE TYPE, including 95% White -.. 9,934 TOTAL PELTS 384,473 The number of breeding mink kept as of January 1st, 1962 was an increase of 10,275 or 6.65% over the previous year. This, however, did not result in an increase in the total number of pelts produced for market in 1962. Decreases were noted for Dark, Pastel and White type mink pelts while increases were noted in the Grey, Dark Blue, Light Blue and Beige types. The overall decrease was 4,508 pelts or 1.16%. It is particularly interesting to note that the types showing decreases sold well at advance prices, while types showing increases sold at prices below last year's levels. Again this year, the value of ranch- raised mink pelts produced on the 500 Ontario ranches is more than double the value of all the wild furs caught in the Province in 1962. FIELD SERVICES The management of the fish and wildlife resources of Ontario is conceived in the light of the following objectives, namely, sustained yield, full use, multiple use and public use. Application of biological principles is gradually leading to greater realization of economic and recreational values. In this context it is apparent that the law, expressed in statutes and regulations, is simply a means of achieving the objectives. Thus a very large responsibility rests upon the staff of conservation officers to insure that the public understands the background of the law. The fullest co-operation from all sportsmen is essential. The prevention of violations is a primary concern of the conservation officer. Enforcement, then, comprises the whole range from providing information and explanations of the regulations to the process of prosecution in the courts. An understanding of the kinds and frequencies of offences, as well as an understanding of human behaviour, are of great value to the enforcement officer. Further, the laws must give practical expression to the needs of people and to the varying conditions imposed by nature throughout the province. The success of this approach is difficult to document, although the experience obtained with intensive management of the fur resource is indicative. From 1935-39 the average number of trappers licensed in Ontario was 5,605. Some 45 convictions were registered for trapping without a licence. 99 OFFENCES CONNECTED WITH TRAPPING IN TWO PERIODS 1935 - S9 1955 - 60 Average Percent of Average Percent of Nnmber of Average Total of Number of Average Total of Conrictiong Convictions in Convictions Convictions in a year a year 45 4.2% 14 0.5% 134 12.6 50 1.8 Trap without a licence AH other fur offences In the period 1955-60, an average of only 14 convictions were registered each year, at a time when there were 9,854 trappers licensed to participate in the fur harvest. In the earlier period, there was an average of 134 convictions a year for fur offences, but this was reduced to 50 in an average year after 1955. Even more significant, is the fact that during the period from 1935 to 1939, fur offences comprised about 17 percent of the total offences, but this was reduced to a little over 2 percent during the period 1955 to 1960. The application of a zoning system in 1947, which covered all of the Crown lands of Ontario, together with an intensification of a management system in which trappers fully participated, is believed to be the main reason for a reduction in fur offences. The present enforcement staff of 222 regular conservation officers can do little more than sample the population of sportsmen. The results of this, indicated by the number of convictions each year since 1955, are as follows: 1955-56 2,895 Convictions 1956-57 2,704 1957-58 2,993 1958-59 2,525 1959-60 2,228 1960-61 2,207 1961-62 2,049 1962-63 2,045 Field observations suggest that slightly more than 1 5 percent of the violations which actually occur result in prosecutions and convictions. The ideal might be to eliminate violations, but since this is obviously impossible, it is desirable to enunciate standards which would indicate a suitable level of law enforcement achievement. Actions which clearly demonstrate utter contempt for the law, and thus for the policies of society, must clearly be dealt with decisively, since such attitudes may seriously jeopardize the possibility of achieving the objectives of management. With decreasing numbers of convictions during the last eight years, it would be pleasant to conclude that at last our public relations and education program was achieving the desired results. This conclusion would not take account of changes in the laws which have eliminated certain fishing offences, increasing participation by conservation officers in the biological phases of a growing manage- ment program, or the introduction of a mandatory forty-hour work week, without a corresponding increase in field staff. Nor would it take account of the fact that in the area most affected by changes in the fishery regulations, a sharp decline in numbers of convictions was soon followed by an upswing, as officers concen- trated on other fishery violations. 100 The results of prosecutions during the last three years are summarized as follows : 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63 Number of Seizures 2,424 2,050 2,186 Number of Convictions 2,160 2,019 2,045 Cases Dismissed 126 56 66 Convictions reported by the R.C.M.P. re Migratory Bird Regulations 47 30 34 Seizures, from persons unknown 139 37 58 Convictions for licence offences, particularly for hunting or fishing without a licence, but also loaning a licence, continues to constitute a major part of the enforcement record. Such offences do not affect the supply of game or fish, but are very important since, as a matter of principle, every sportsman should accept the responsibility of paying his share. Comparison of Licence Offences During a Three-Year Period Percent Percent Percent 1960-61 Frequency 1961-62 Frequency 1962-63 Frequency Fishing ... 183 8.5% 69 3.4% 81 4.0% Hunting ... 482 22.3 311 15.4 358 17.4 Trapping .. _. ... 16 0.7 5 0.2 10 0.5 TOTAL 681 31.5 385 19.0 449 21.9 Percent frequency is based upon comparison with the total of all convictions in each year. While there has been a drop from 1960-61 to 1961-62 of almost 12 percent, in the year 1962-63 there has been a slight upward trend. The increasing interest of the public in outdoor recreation may mean increasing aware- ness of the need to be properly licensed. The reduction in this type of offence over a two-year period as compared with the situation in 1960-61 is gratifying. Offences against the fishing regulations of frequent occurrence, (other than with respect to licences), were as follows: 1. Possessing an overlimit of fish 132 2. Angling with more than one line 81 3. Taking fish by means other than angling 64 4. Possessing fish in a closed season 59 5. Possessing a fish spear within 50 feet of the water's edge, during prohibited hours 38 6. Using a net without the authority of a licence 35 7. Taking fish during a closed season 30 8. Illegal possession of bait fish 22 9. Taking fish by means of set lines 10 10. Attempting to take fish by means of artificial lights 9 101 Hunting and trapping offences which occurred most often included: 1. Hunting during prohibited hours 290 2. (a) Possession of a loaded gun in a vehicle 288 (b) Possession of a loaded gun in a power boat 78 3. Possessing game in a closed season 82 4. Hunting during a closed season 54 5. Hunting with a shotgun, not plugged so as to be incapable of holding more than 3 shells 50 6. Attempting to jacklight deer 25 7. Possessing protected birds 22 8. Hunting or possessing firearms in a Provincial Park or Crown Game Preserve 21 9. Himting carelessly 20 10. Hunting with a ferret 20 Conservation officers were assisted in enforcing regulations by more than 200 biologists, foresters, chief and deputy chief rangers, and more than 1,200 deputy game and fishery wardens. Once again, it is appropriate to express appre- ciation for the assistance given by officers of the Ontario Provincial Police Force. Officers of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, whose duties include enforcement of such Federal Statutes as the Migratory Birds Convention Act and the Fisheries Act, together with the regulations made pursuant to these Acts, provided a major contribution to the Provincial fish and wildlife management program. Equipment which is used in violation of The Game and Fish Act, the Ontario Fisheries Regulations or the Migratory Bird Regulations is seized by the conservation officer at the time of apprehension. Upon conviction such equipment is forfeited to the Crown, and the Minister may grant relief from forfeiture upon such conditions as he deems just. Articles which are confiscated for having been used in connection with serious offences, or for which no request has been made to have them restored to their owners, are sold at public auction. Four firearms sales and three fishing tackle sales were held in 1962. (Firearms which do not meet safety standards, but which can be repaired, are sold to gun dealers through sealed tenders.) A total of $8,544.22 was realized and paid to the Treasurer of Ontario. District Fishing Tackle Sales Dale Revenue Sudbury Aylmer Kenora May 5 April 29 April 25 Firearms Sales $ 497.00 590.10 453.85 $1,540.95 District Date Revenue Aylmer Tweed Kenora Sault Ste. Marie Sept. 22 Sept. 15 Sept. 12 Sept. 14 V $2,706.75 1,635.50 1,049.75 1,444.77 $6,836.77 Total Revenue of Sales $8,377.72 3% Sales Tax not included. Re Sale of Repairable Firearms to Dealers, through sealed tenders 166.50 $8,544.22 102 Law Enforcement Training An officer who will specialize in the training of conservation officer staff in law enforcement practices and techniques, court room procedure and other aspects of the law, was appointed on February 1, 1962, Hunter Safety Training Program The major purjx)se of the Hunter Safety Training Program is to reduce hunting accidents. A second purpose is to introduce the new hunter to a knowledge of game management. The year 1962 is the second full year under the regulation which requires all new hunters to complete the course in order to purchase their first hunting licence. Courses are given by members of conservation and service clubs through- out the Province. There are more than 3,000 certified instructors donating their time to this worthwhile training. Ehiring the year, 15,082 students successfully completed the course. A total of 45,995 hunters have now obtained the funda- mentals of safe gun handling under the Ontario Program. During the last few years, a variety of organizations have conducted classes and the following table outlines the number of students, expressed as a percentage, each has trained: Ontario Federation of Conservation Qubs Year Anglers and Hunters Outside Federation Miscellaneous 1960 47% 24% 29% 1961 41 22 37 1962 35 24 41 The miscellaneous group includes such organizations as high school cadet corps, service clubs. Boy Scout Associations, church groups, cadet corps of the Armed Services, community centres and a number of individual instructors, especially in more remote areas. It is too soon to evaluate the success of the Program in reducing the numbers of hunting accidents, although the table suggests that hunter training and a more conscious public is contributing to a decline in hunting accidents. This is particu- larly encouraging since the total number of hunters is increasing annually and now stands at more than half a million in Ontario. Nevertheless, there are still too many accidents and more effort will be given to the Program. Year Fatalities IVon-Fatal Total 1960 36 118 154 1961 22 104 126 1962 17 109 126 Detailed information is collected by Department field officers and by the Ontario Provincial Police. The main causes of hunting accidents are reviewed in the following compilation: 103 CAUSE OF ACCIDENTS 191 F 50 NF 1961 F NF 1962 F NF 8 8 6 14 3 12 7 14 3 11 20 21 2 10 18 2 14 2 13 5 3 14 7 9 2 10 4 5 5 11 Mistaken for game Shooter stumbled and fell Victim out of sight of shooter Victim covered by shooter swinging on game Trigger caught on brush or other object Victim moved in line of fire "Horseplay" — did not know it was loaded, etc. 5 10 Removing weapon from or placing in vehicle and riding in vehicle with loaded firearm 1 Defective weapon Crossing fence or other obstacle with loaded weapon 3 Miscellaneous 3 Loading and unloading 2 6 1 7 1 5 4 12 2 5 6 1 4 2 2 2 2 7 13 9 9 2 4 Totals 36 118 22 104 17 109 The kind of game being hunted in relation to the numbers of accidents may be of interest, although comparison is difficult due to lack of information con- cerning the relative numbers of hunters pursuing each type. The game being hunted by the shooter at the time of the accidents was: Species 1960 1961 1962 Babbit 34 34 38 Grouse 34 21 28 Deer 23 17 15 Duck 15 13 11 Moose 11 9 8 Groundhog 11 6 13 Pheasant 4 5 4 Squirrel 13 3 Bear 112 Crow 1 — 1 Fox _ 1 _ Wolf 11 — Unprotected Birds 3 3 — Miscellaneous 5 3 2 Unknown 10 9 1 Totals 154 126 126 Disregard of the game laws has been associated with an alarming number of accidents. About 27% of the shooters involved in hunting accidents were con- travening one or another of the laws and regulations. Altogether, 33 persons were charged under Section 66a of The Game and Fisheries Act, which creates the offence of careless hunting. Of these 33 persons charged, 28 were convicted and 5 were dismissed. 104 FISHERIES SECTION Game Fish and Hatcheries Sub-Section Public interest in sport fishing in Ontario continued at a high level in 1962. Although there is no way at present to accurately determine the number of anglers that fished in Ontario during the past year, it is evident from the several indices available that there was a definite increase in the popularity of the sport in most areas of the Province. It is significant to note that the sale of non-resident angling licences increased from a total of 409,873 in 1961 to 426,775 in 1962. The total revenue from all angling licence sales, including Provincial Park and Organized Camp licences, increased from $2,527,212.49 in 1961 to $2,608,574.50 in 1962. Complete details on all fishing licence sales for 1962 together with comparable annual records for the previous three years are given in Table I. The Provincial Park programme which continued to expand throughout 1962 was an added incentive to anglers to go afield. Statistics from the Parks Branch sliow that some seven million persons used park facilities during 1962 and that this constituted an increase of approximately 10 per cent in one year. These figures are believed to be indicative of the increased public interest and enthusiasm tor most forms of outdoor recreation. Based on the results of a household survey conducted in 1959 and on subsequent increases in angling activity as noted annually, it is estimated that some two million anglers participated in Ontario's sport fishery in 1962. Fact finding programmes relative to fisheries management were carried out in all of the twenty-two forest districts. The problems and the requirements of management vary considerably from district to district and work programmes are developed accordingly. A good deal of basic information on the condition and quality of the lakes and streams and on the health and strength of the various fish populations contained therein was collected by district personnel. In a number of projects, extensive fish tagging or fish marking programmes were undertaken to assess the status of the respective fish populations. Studies of present utilization and availability of fish to anglers were conducted on numerous waters and special short term investigations were carried out to collect information on other specific projects (i.e. pollution, fluctuations in water levels, spawning periods, etc.) as required. In northern Ontario particularly, the construction of new access roads to remote areas provided new horizons for many interested anglers. While the develop- ment of such areas extended the range for investigation and management, the benefits derived from the improved access and, particularly, the resulting dispersal of fishing pressure, greatly facilitated and enhanced the use of the resource. Hatcheries The Department operated eighteen fish cultural stations in 1962. These included eight trout-rearing stations, six pond stations and four jar or trough hatcheries (including one sub-station at Normandale). The number and variety of fish produced in 1962 is summarized in Table II. An outline showing the total armual production and distribution by species and age group for the five-year j>eriod, 1958 to 1962, is also included as Table III. All of the hatcheries, except the Chatsworth and Normandale trout-rearing stations, were operated at or near their normal carrying capacity. The renovation of the Chatsworth Hatchery restricted the production at this site but the recon- 105 o z ui O _i 0 Z _i 0 Z < o < to o Z _fl) «D i-H iH (M CO W O O (M (M 00 -^ CO CO i-H 05 »0 1-1 CO CO in t> 05 05 00 T)< CO ■* 00 t> go iz; (X( Ph I ft be . ;-! SO 106 struction of the outside rearing facilities is near completion and the station will be ready for full scale production in 1963. At NormandaJe, the production of fish was curtailed mainly because of the poor condition of the hatchery building and the rearing ponds. Preliminary field work was initiated for the construction of a new hatchery building and a series of circular ponds at this location. Fish culture operations at Kingsville Hatchery and at the Mount Pleasant and Ingersoll Pond stations were discontinued in 1962. The operation of these stations for the production of fish was terminated mainly because of the reduced need for whitefish and walleye eyed eggs and fry (Kingsville Hatchery) and for smallmouth bass fry and fingerling stock (Mount Pleasant and Ingersoll Pond) for restocking purposes. Brook trout was also produced at the Mount Pleasant station but, because of the general deterioration of the volume and quality of the water supply in recent years, its use for this purpose became of little practical value. Following the closure of this station for fish production, the property was used as an experimental public fishing area (see section on special projects). Two hundred thousand lake trout eyed eggs were secured this year from the Manitoba Government in exchange for one hundred thousand brook trout eyed eggs and one hundred thousand maskinonge fry supplied from Dorion and Deer Lake Hatcheries respectively. Two additional lots of one hundred thousand maskinonge fry were also supplied to the National Parks Branch of the Federal Government and to the Fish and Game Department of the Province of Quebec from the Deer Lake Hatchery. A number of special projects were undertaken in the field of hatchery operations during the current year. The most important of these included: — WALLEYE POND CULTURE This study was initiated at the White Lake jx)nd station in 1961 to investigate the practicability of culturing walleye to the fingerling stage in hatchery ponds. The results from this project to date have been very encouraging. An apparent relationship was found between survival and the length of time elapsing from the onset of cannibalism. By improving the technique in culture and harvest accor- dingly, the rate of survival of the fish was improved and the average cost per fingerling was reduced from 2.3 cents per fish in 1961 to 0.7 cents per fish in 1962, which is equal to or less than the cost quoted by other agencies for the culture of fingerling size walleye. EFFECT OF LIGHT ON TROUT EGGS DURING INCUBATION Preliminary studies were undertaken at the Chatsworth trout rearing station to investigate the effect of various forms of artificial fluorescent lighting and natural light on the incubation of lake trout egg stocks. No significant difference was found among the various lots incubated under the different lighting conditions used. However, the study is to be continued with other species of trout (i.e. rainbow and brook) in the future. EFFECT OF WATER TEMPERATURE ON THE LAKE TROUT EGGS DURING INCUBATION Studies were initiated at the Wiarton, Chatsworth and Tarentorus Hatcheries to investigate the effect of different water temperatures on the survival of lake trout during the period of egg incubation and early stage of fry development. Initial results from these practical experiments indicated that the higher tempera- ture of spring water supplies (Chatsworth and Tarentorus) may adversely affect the survival of lake trout, at least during the period of development in the egg stage. This study is to be continued. 107 O HI I o I— < I _i < O z > o a: < 2 O 00 O I to |3 B 3 •3 2 I I M I I I I I I I I I I I to oo« ooo n H -O oo o O O N O C^ 60 iZ5 1^ CO {H^ >H >^ \H< -^is JH tH (H ife>^H«< >< ^>>^ in o 2 o ooMo tr* o o oo oo o t-oo^l ooSsioeqo i o r o| oooo I ol I oo oo oo i§ii o o o o o o o ooo <-l CP i - ecoo to 1-1 •* C<1 &?!« !?^«!!h >^ ■=2 o o 5io o o m o , O O 05 M lO -^ N CO il I •H O o Tjc tp Ol to C^J >o -H to OS -" id "^ ermitted to angle in Ontario waters without an angling licence, except in designated Provincial parks. (b) The daily creel and possession limit for rainbow trout taken during the fall season in waters described in Schedule 3 was increased from two to five fish i>er day. (c) The opening of the largemouth and smallmouth bass season was advanced from June 10th to May 12th for the boundary waters between Minnesota and Ontario. THE COMMERCIAL FISHERY The total catch of fish reported by the Ontario commercial fishery in 1962 was 63,783,597 pounds. This total exceeded the 1961 landings by 8,829,963 pounds, or 16 per cent, and was about four million pounds greater than the catch in the record year of 1956. The value to the fishermen of these fish before processing was reported at $5,341,200.00. In spite of the increase in landings in 1962, however, the total value decreased by over $400,000.00 from that of the previous year. The average price per pound for all species, as a consequence, was only 8.4 cents which can be attributed largely to the continued high percentages of yellow perch and smelt in the catch. Over one-third of Ontario landings was yellow perch selling at an average price of 6.2 cents per pound and nearly one-third was smelt with an average price of 3.5 cents per pound. Prices for species such as sturgeon, yellow pickerel, whitefish and lake trout were relatively good during the year but their total contribution to the catch was less than 15%. The changes that have occurred in the composition of the commercial catch over the past five years have resulted in technological adjustments by the fishing industry. In Lake Erie, trawling became the accepted method of catching smelt. During 1962 nearly 17 million pounds of these small but desirable fish were taken in this manner. A trawling experiment in Lake Superior for herring was also carried out successfully during the year. 112 Comparison of the table of fishing equipment for 1962 with that of the previous year shows no significant changes. About 3,000 persons are reported as engaged in the fishing industry at the primary level. Many others are employed either full-time or part-time in processing, packing and shipping the fish and in the supply services. The total investment in the Ontario fishery, again largely at the primary level, amounts to about ten million dollars. Over 1,750 fishing boats were used by the fishery, of which some 1,100 were small outboard-powered craft and canoes. In the more northerly rivers and lakes, large, sturdy canoes, powered by five to ten-horsepower motors, are the usual fishing craft of the fishermen, largely Indians. The number of fishing licences issued by the Department in 1962 remained relatively stable at 4,554 with a few increases in some classifications offset by corresponding decreases elsewhere so that the net result was a decrease of nine from 1961. In a few areas where fishing success has been severely reduced by the sea-lamprey, fishermen continue to hold licences and carry out minimum opera- tions with the expectation of a return of better fishing conditions but many of these licencees are by necessity forced to turn to other industry for a part of their income. The sea-lamprey control programme, as in 1961, continued to provide hope for success. Reports by the agencies responsible for the lamprey control to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission have indicated an apparent 80% reduction in the numbers of this predator in Lake Superior. The numbers of lake trout able to reach marketable size, as a consequence, have shown some increase. Meanwhile the rate of planting of trout has been increased in an effort to speed up the rehabili- tation of this valuable species. During 1962 the first control of lake trout production by a quota system was inaugurated by the Department in response to a request of the Commission. The Commission recommended: "that the 1962 harvest of lake trout in Lake Sui>erior be limited to the fishing effort required to support necessary biological studies and suggested that agencies act to accomplish this objective through appropriate procedures available to them." and the quotas set were based on this recommendation. While reduction in fishing effort may result in temporary reduction of lake trout catches it is anticipated tliat the result will be beneficial in the long term to the fishery due to more rapid recruitment. Fluctuations in the yield of the fisheries, both with respect to species and area are of interest. Smelt production rose 48% with an increase of over six million pounds in the Lake Erie fishery. Yellow perch, also due principally to Lake Erie landings, increased 16%. A 42% increase in lake herring is noted with a gain of three-quarters of a million pounds in Lake Superior production. Lake trout taken in the Province was up 14% with increased catch from both Lake Superior and northern inland lakes. Similarly, saugers showed a 24% increase from Lake Superior and the north. Whitefish production, on the other hand, dropped 7% due to sharp decreases in catch from Lake Huron and Lake Ontario, although landings increased 17% in the northern inland area. Chub production, mainly from Lake Huron, decreased 6%. White bass decreased 27% with a drop of a million pounds noted in the Lake Erie figures. Decrease in sturgeon from the main areas of production caused a 32% drop in the Provincial production. In summary, a 24% increase in production was seen in Lake Erie and a 113 33% increase in Lake Superior. A 25% decrease was noted for the Lake Huron fishery and 17% for Lake Ontario. Changes in other areas were of little significance. Changes in the value of the catch from the nine areas of the Province parallelled production with the exceptions of Lake Erie, where the 25% increase in landings was accompanied by a 6% drop in value, and the North Channel of Lake Huron where a slight increase in catch and a lower value were noted. COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE PRODUCTION OF THE FISHERIES IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO 1961 1962 Increase Decrease Fishing Area lbs. lbs. lbs. lbs. Lake Erie 35,697,640 44,464,971 8,767,331 Northern Inland 7,965,713 8,571,510 605,797 Lake Huron 4,758,777 3,574,971 1,183,806 Lake Superior 2,353,036 3,146,466 793,430 Lake Ontario 2,108,796 1,750,182 358,614 Lake St. Clair 877,045 1,031,411 154,366 Southern Inland 745,663 643,954 101,709 Georg-ian Bay 201,532 347,960 146,528 North Channel 245,532 252,172 6,640 TOTAL 54,953,634 63,783,597 NET INCREASE 8,829,968 VALUE BY FISHING AREA 1961 1962 Increase Decrease Fishing Area Lake Erie 2,506,707.14 Northern Inland 1,018,588.54 Lake Huron 1,204,209.52 Lake Ontario 396,520.00 Lake Superior 214,184.07 Lake St. Clair 184,239.18 Georgian Bay 61,346.28 Southern Inland 86,491.34 North Channel 73,596.65 TOTAL $5,745,882.72 NET DECREASE __ 2,352,506.77 154,200.37 1,170,726.97 152,138.43 802,485.74 401,723.78 331,223.73 65,296.27 239,289.27 25,105.20 207,282.26 23,043.08 94,658.55 33,312.27 74,646.33 11,845.01 68,380.56 5,216.09 $5,341,200.18 $404,682.54 114 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE YIELD OF THE FISHERIES IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO 1961 1962 Increase Species lbs. lbs. lbs. Perch (Yellow) 18,608,783 Smelt 13,064,590 Yellow Pickerel 3,382,032 Whitefish 3,907,294 Chub & Tullibee 2,992,185 Lake Herring 1,853,238 White Bass 3,412,916 Suckers 1,595,056 Carp & Carp Roe 1,312,499 Sheepshead 1,200,668 Northern Pike 989,721 Ling 637,545 Bullheads 363,115 Catfish 244,142 Sunfish 271,197 Lake Trout 181,029 Rock Bass & Grapples 118,712 Sturgeon 194,638 Saugers 105,385 Eels 127,439 Gold Eyes 23,646 Menominee 21,833 White Perch 18,753 Caviar 2,135 Blue Pickerel 2,435 Alewife; Dogfish; Gar; Shad and Unclassified "Mink Food" ___ 322,648 TOTAL 54,953,634 63,783,597 NET INCREASE 8,829,963 Decrease lbs. 21,639,223 19,314,275 3,707,625 3,639,722 2,825,094 2,630,092 2,491,445 1,540,072 1,124,281 1,116,956 975,934 623,273 422,779 314,633 256,919 207,558 137,463 132,948 130,699 128,006 34,459 31,290 20,143 1,586 405 336,717 3,030,440 6,249,685 325,593 776,854 59,664 70,491 26,529 18,751 25,314 567 10,813 9,457 1,390 14,069 267,572 167,091 921,471 54,984 188,218 83,712 13,787 14,272 14,278 61,690 549 2,030 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER OF COMMERCIAL FISHING LICENCES ISSUED IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO Type of Licence 1961 1962 Increase Decrease Gill Net 1,063 1,060 3 Pound & Trap Net 132 148 16 Hoop Net 242 234 8 Coarse Fish Seine 107 100 7 Baited Hook 205 199 6 Dip Net 18 21 3 Trolling 17 18 1 TOTAL 1,784 1,780 Bait-fish Seine, Trap & Dip 2,181 2,133 48 Bait-fish Dealer's 510 557 47 Bait-fish Preserving 88 84 4 TOTAL 2,779 2,774 ALL LICENCES 4,563 4,554 NET DECREASE 9 115 t/> O z z I t/) I I- o < C^ CO h- 00 in 00 05 (N ^ o M in o in O) l^ 00 o iO to 05 tc O to •^ 00 05 UO 00 CO 05 N CD 63 ,-4 o> «o Oi t~- (M in 1-H M 1— < 00 lO ■^ ?? eg (M t-^ ,_, • m o> 00 o o> <^ on to 35 CO ?S t- »"' 'H lO (J> ■«t tH 00 o CO CO CO Oi eg CO lO CO I-, M 00 *-l 00 lO 00 eq M o eg •^ o in to ■* to m to Cv> e^j eg to N 00 o M- '^ ^ >o 0> ^ CO •* «D e o» oq o in (15 CO C^ w CO 00 CO 00 to lO to 00 oo" CO eq" CO M to o •^ in r-< Tji CO ^ CO CO »H <5 oo o i-H rH O 05 gj in m in irt o eg 00 ^ CO t-H Tj* eg in m »-H to 05 05 CO *"• oo^HOcoootoi^in ocoocgincgoo- " c- 00 =2 t- i-H »~1. m m t- »-) ■*. ^. '". c^ 05 eg "^ rH OS 05 05 05 O -^ Tj* oocg-^t^ eg&9too th in eg CO i-l -H K ". 00 CO ■«)' 00 rt O 00 eg CO 05 C5 o CO O CO L~ CO O o ;::; oo eJ 05 !3 2? ^" S ^ (3 ^ t- lo o W H g St acSSi^j S bo -e ^ 5 ^ '* •^ c c <- £ " y ij ►J :z; Ph § «3 « s ^ ^ CO ^ CQ * a -1-1 1 .3 I ii 5 ■5 f^ ^ ?? 0) ^S -C J3 V, -5 w M w O M ^ i >J (S ^ 5 ^ t^ 116 h i^ P o on < V o o» >- CC — y- m to t. -) V n -Q z b u 0 OJ n / o» I c to TJ LL c LLI 1- I (l> 1— >^ II 0) o -t- Is -^a CO i-ooo lo ^ wt- site o»t- cat-»o.^w ■-<•*_ ^oot-ooiooot-i-H^o«oa«c «» to ■^ m'-h oO'-'OO ^"lo m" h-^^'"* I— "eJooo ** to 00 >a ■^ t- •>* o --I •-< ■^ o^ t- 00 00 M M lO •^ •^ ^ «»■ «» «» "*!2 *T! «>& W3 CO -^ fH t^ CO 00 00 CO o o oo to O) 2 S' ,_( *-H 60 lo ^ t- a CM"-! -^^ 00 U5 coo COlO O-* rt O "3 CO O lO CM 1 k-^ — ' O O ,— t O Tl* ^ TT t-^ 00 "5 CO rt « 2 to 9s o ^ ■-' o •-< oeM o CO ■^ l^ Tf lO CO COlO t-^co ojCMOOojiooo owoO'^otooeM^'oo-HeoeM CjCMCM&Oat-OO OOCOr^OCMOCMCMTj»Ot^OCO »H ^T-Ht-t-nOO lO 1— tcOcM^Arr'^'-'CO ^a <^ Oi\£i CM-^ f-T rJ oto ■«!)« 00 00 00 00 OOCM •cM <0 U50 00CO<3S OOO CMl^ CMtO O O CO ^ ■<1' i-< O t^ t-H CO to 0> OOO OMCO 05 t- ««■ to •* ,-<'o" cm'co" ^cm" ** «_3 .5 .5 5P® ® 4) © «a>*® 0; © "V t— •— .5 .5 ."H— "o^ --2 .— • — (dojOce olS do! dcdcs o'cS o ^;> ;z;> ;?> ;z;><> «> ^;> %> 'a> 'A> !z;> 5zi> 1 1 tf •«! 01 mi! c 'A a, 1 C = ^ i5 (5 H ©55 M (zh 117 CuHing a fire line in Sioux Lookout Forest District. An Otter aircraft, dropping water over a fire. 118 FOREST PROTECTION BRANCH 'T'HE Forest Protection Branch is comprised of two Sections: Forest Protection, -'- with headquarters in Toronto; and Air Service, with headquarters in Sault Ste. Marie. The responsibilities and functions of the Branch are as follows: 1. Forest Fire Control Organization, staff distribution, fire district boundaries, fire warden system. 2. Fire Control Planning, preparation and implementation of fire control plans. 3. Fire Prevention, through removal of hazards, construction of fire guards, and travel, fire and work permits. Warnings to the public of existing and impend- ing fire danger. Co-operation with Department of Transport, Railways, Indian Affairs Branch, Woods Operators and other forest users in preventing, report- ing and suppressing fires. 4. Detection of forest fires by a system of towers and aircraft patrols, 5. Training of staff, woods industry employees and other co-operators in fire suppression techniques. 6. The use of prescribed burning to eliminate hazards, and for various forest management purposes. 7. Forest fire suppression by co-ordinating movement of resources between regions as required and emergency arrangements. 8. Fire statistics and reports. 9. Radio communications for fire control and all other Department requirements. 10. Pest Control by prevention of damage to trees caused by insects, disease and small mammals on all lands under Department management. 11. Maintenance and operation of the aircraft fleet in compliance with Depart- ment of Transport Regulations and to provide for the utmost safety. Selection of all technical staff including pilots and engineers. Leasing and disposition of helicopters. 12. Plant and equipment program for the Department including all building and improvement projects, major equipment including vehicles. Vehicle and buUding records, maintenance procedures, specifications, licensing and insur- ance. Equipment development. 119 FOREST PROTECTION BRANCH BRANCH CHIEF T. E. Mackey ASSISTANT BRANCH CHIEF J. M. Whalen SUPERVISOR FOREST PROTECTION SECTION W. T. Foster Forest Fire Control Plant and Equipment Office Management SECRETARIAL SUPERVISOR AIR SERVICE SECTION W. B. Buckworth Forest Pest Control Check Pilot Communications Toronto Maple Sauit Ste. Marie Air Engineers Purchasing and Stores Accounting and Clerical Plant Superintendent Assistant Plant Superintendent Engines Propellers Accessories Assistant Plant Superintendent Aircraft Maintenance and Overhaul Heatmg 120 FOREST PROTECTION SECTION Forest Fire Control Ehiring the 1962 fire season, 1,521 fires occurred, burning a total of 13,804 acres. The total number of fires was 15% above the average for the previous decade (1952 to 1961 inclusive). The area burned was the third lowest on record. The two years with a smaller area burned were 1952 and 1959, during which 12,421 acres and 5,281 acres, respectively, burned. The period of highest fire occurrence was from June 30th to July 19th. In this 20-day period 404 fires were reported, 42 of which occurred on July 19th. Most of these fires were located in the central and southern portion of the province. Northwestern Ontario experienced a below normal season both from the stand- point of fire occurrence and area burned. A number of high to extreme fire danger periods developed during the 1962 fire season, but, with the exception of the July period mentioned, all were of relatively short duration. This condition contributed to the high fire occurrence and low area burned record for the year. Fire Frequency by Cause. Lightning accounted for 20% of all fires reported during the 1962 fire season. This is six per cent lower than the decade average for 1952 to 1961, inclusive. Prosecutions and Convictions. A total of 48 charges were laid under the Forest Fires Prevention Act and Regulations, resulting in 43 convictions. FOREST FIRE SUPPRESSION Water dropping from Department aircraft again played an important role in bringing many fires under control. This was particularly true during the high fire occurrence period in July that has already been mentioned. For the first time, a large helicopter, a Vertol H-21A, was successfully used to water drop on fires. FIRE CONTROL TRAINING A comprehensive new "fire control training" programme was launched in 1962 under the Department "Fire Control Training Officer". Two "bush" fire schools were established, one at Cedar Lake in the Kenora area and the other at Racine Lake near Chapleau. Forty-four staff members graduated from the special four- week courses that were conducted. This is the first phase of the programme which will include courses for all Department supervisory personnel and key co- operators in the forest industries. This programme is designed to improve the efficiency of forest fire fighting throughout Ontario. PRESCRIBED BURNING A number of prescribed bums were carried out in Ontario during 1962 to eliminate certain hazards and for various forest management purposes. The con- trolled use of fire is receiving recognition as an important forestry tool. A total of 16 experimental bums on 2,200 acres of forest lands were conducted during 1962. 121 Forest Insects and Diseases Forest insect and disease problems in Ontario are shared co-operatively with the Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch of the Canadian Department of Forestry. The Province is responsible for initiating and conducting all control operations on lands under its jurisdiction, and the federal government conducts the surveys and research work on which control decisions are based. SURVEYS Each year, this Department participates to a large extent in the Ontario portion of the Canada-wide Forest Insect and Disease Survey of the Federal Department of Forestry. Detailed information concerning the occurrence and dis- tribution of specific forest insects and diseases is contained in the Annual Report of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey. The outbreak of spruce budworm in northwestern Ontario showed distinct indications of weakening and declined in over-all area to about 5,500 square miles. Within this area, there was a marked decline in the extent of severe defoliation. The infestation is now confined to the eastern two-thirds of the Fort Frances District and the adjacent south-west corner of the Port Arthur District. The infestation of spruce budworm which had persisted in the southern part of the Geraldton District for 10 years virtually disappeared in 1962. Only small pockets of light infestation remain. In addition, three widely scattered small pockets of medium-intensity spruce budworm infestation occurred in the Lake Simcoe and Tweed Districts of southern Ontario. Most public interest was centered on the developing outbreak of the forest tent caterpillar, although this insect in Ontario is not serious from the economic standpoint. The caterpillar occurs in cyclic epidemics an average of every 10 to 12 years, and the current outbreak in Ontario is the eastern end of the over-all epidemic which extends across the forested areas of the Prairies to the Rocky Mountains. In 1962 the largest continuous block of infestation, affecting aspen stands primarily, occurred in the Kenora and Sioux Lookout Districts over an area in excess of 15,000 square miles. Several scattered small patches of infestation occurred throughout northwestern Ontario, and in the Sudbury, North Bay, Pem- broke and Parry Sound Districts in eastern Ontario. Larch sawfly populations across northern Ontario as a whole declined still further in 1962 to the point of causing insignificant damage to tamarack trees. Scattered small pockets of medium to heavy infestation persisted in the Geraldton, Kapuskasing, Cochrane, Swastika, Sault Ste. Marie and Sudbury Districts. Moderate to heavy infestations in several tamarack stands and European larch plantations were reported from all of the most southerly row of districts across southern Ontario, but were particularly noticeable in the Lake Simcoe, Lindsay and Tweed Districts. The European pine sawfly in Scots and red pine plantations continued to sxtend its range eastward in southern Ontario by an average distance of about four miles. The most noteworthy eastern advance was along the north shore of Lake Ontario, and in this vicinity has now reached Newcastle. The whole eastern boundary of the infestation now extends roughly from Penetanguishene southerly to Barrie and King City, and easterly to Orono and Newcastle. The insect is also well established at two spot infestations farther to the east near Vernonville and at Belleville. 122 The eastern tent caterpillar, which is conspicuous by the tent it makes on wild cherry and apple trees along roadsides, showed a further marked increase in numbers throughout central and southern Ontario. Infestations were most com- mon in the Parry Sound, Pembroke, Lake Huron, Lake Simcoe, Lindsay and Tweed Districts, and in these areas the insect was found frequently on a variety of hardwood species. Infestations of the jack-pine budworm in the Fort Frances District and in south-western Ontario subsided in 1962. However, high population levels persisted at several locations in the south-central part of the Kenora District. The largest block of infestation occurred in jack-pine stands over an area of about 400 square miles. The birch skeletonizer again caused late summer browning to leaves of white birch trees from Sault Ste. Marie to North Bay and throughout much of southern Ontario. New areas of heavy infestation appeared in the southern part of the Swastika District, and south of Lake Nipigon in the Port Arthur and Geraldton Districts. Injury by this insect is spectacular in appearance but not serious to the tree. The Dutch elm disease continued to increase in intensity throughout most of southern Ontario, and extended its known distribution northward to North Bay. CONTROL Most operations in the direct control of injurious insects are conducted from the ground with hand equipment in the pine, spruce and larch plantations of southern Ontario. In 1961, some aerial spraying was started with a Stearman aircraft to control the white-pine weevil in 30-year-old white pine plantations. In 1962, an additional 400 acres of white pine in the Kirkwood Management Unit were sprayed with DDT using a Bell G2 helicopter. In total, over 8,000 acres of white pine plantations and natural stands were treated by spraying and leader clipping to control the white-pine weevil. Spraying for control of various species of sawflies such as the red-headed pine sawfly, the European pine sawfly, the yellow-headed spruce sawfly and the larch sawfly, covered a total of 2,700 acres. An additional 300 acres were treated chemically for control of the pine tip moth and certain weevils. More than 1,300 acres of new plantations were treated with aldrin to control white grubs, and 400 acres of plantations were treated chemically for control of mice. Direct control of tree diseases was confined to control of white-pine blister rust. The chemical 2, 4, 5-T is used to eradicate the alternate host plants, wild currants and gooseberries, from the immediate vicinity of the pines. Each year a portion of a long-term programme is completed, and in 1962 approximately 9,700 acres were protected against blister rust in important pine producing areas in the Sault Ste. Marie, North Bay, Pembroke, Lindsay, Tweed and Kemptville Districts. Radio Communications Due to the continued expansion of V.H.F. radiotelephone facilities throughout the province, which provide "person-to-person" unrecorded communications, traffic totals of recorded message were slightly down. A decline of 0.1 per cent in the message count and 4.7 per cent in message word content was encountered even though 86,282 messages were handled, totalling 2,163,824 words. Five new radio stations were added to the ground system; they were located at Marne Lake, 123 Panache Lake, Miller Lake, Fitzroy Park and Darlington Park. Major purchases of new equipment consisted of 76 V.H.F. mobile radio- telephones, 50 ninety-channel V.H.F. transreceivers for use in the 118/128 Mc/s. band (replacing obsolete equipment in 44 aircraft), and 25 remote control V.H.F. transmitter and receiver frequency changing units. Modifications to existing radio equipment to conform with, or exceed, Depart- ment of Transport Specifications, constituted a large part of the Maple Radio Laboratory's work programme. A new completely transistorized lookout tower multi-channel V.H.F. transreceiver was developed at the Sault Ste. Marie Radio Laboratory and 30 units constructed for installation in the Sudbury District for the 1963 fire season. Development is also under way at the latter laboratory of a combination H.F. /V.H.F. portable completely transistorized transreceiver for use in non-departmental aircraft which may be hired for short periods in severe fire conditions. Inventory of 1962 radio communications equipment was as below: Tower Radiotelephones 407 Mobile Radiotelephones (H.F. & V.H.F.) 400 Marine Radiotelephones 15 Portable Radiotelephones (J/2 watt H.F.) 277 Portable Radiotelephones (2^^ watt H.F.) Ill Portable V.H.F. Walkie Talkie Radiotelephones 109 Portable V.H.F. Radiotelephones (2 watt) 125 Fire Base Portable Radiotelephones (35 watt) 94 30 Watt Ground Radio Stations (H.F.) 105 75 Watt Ground Radio Stations (H.F.) 2 100 Watt Ground Radio Stations (H.F.) 3 150 Watt Ground Radio Stations (H.F.) 8 300 Watt Ground Radio Stations (H.F.) 2 500 Watt Ground Radio Stations (H.F.) 8 15/20 Watt Ground Radio Stations (V.H.F.) 80 50 Watt Ground Radio Stations (V.H.F.) 75 (including V.H.F. attachments for 30 watt Ground Stations above) Aircraft Radio Stations 44 Aircraft Ground Hailers 20 TOTAL 1,885 124 NUMBER OF FOREST FIRES AND AREA BURNED OVER BY DISTRICTS 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 District Fires Acres Fires Acres Fires Acres Fires Acres Fires Acres Sioux Lookout 45 1,048 16 34 148 20,303 201 1,130,814 59 1,300 Kenora 146 945 43 55 103 1,657 250 34,155 50 260 Fort Frances 61 574 38 205 81 1,231 95 5,233 10 3 Port Arthur 116 12,253 59 472 77 450 92 8,887 46 106 Geraldton 35 255 39 134 73 5,772 55 308 31 529 Kapuskasing 23 4,538 37 76 17 474 12 42 30 1,566 Cochrane 22 463 37 124 16 485 18 777 26 1,230 Swastika 24 423 59 1,235 4 69 23 266 41 790 Chapleau 21 5,319 39 111 15 30 7 361 23 26 Gogama 28 42 40 757 11 9 13 2 44 224 Sault Ste. Marie 102 435 75 115 28 18 75 347 80 384 Sudbury- 292 6,541 154 759 53 65 115 666 332 4,459 White River 27 298 16 261 30 19 41 50 22 78 North Bay- 107 808 75 441 18 12 38 128 141 1,241 Parry Sound 208 817 94 156 80 70 77 158 258 349 Pembroke 96 623 57 82 54 62 38 66 128 460 Tweed 105 790 98 208 89 521 100 2,341 106 560 Kemptville — — — — — — — — — — Lindsay- 71 462 40 40 49 136 50 122 57 200 Lake Huron 15 12 2 — 1 — 3 3 10 14 Lake Simcoe 14 6 11 16 9 3 2 2 27 25 Totals 1,558 36,652 1,029 5,281 956 31,386 1,305 1,184,728 1,521 13,804 NUMBER OF FOREST FIRES AND AREA BURNED OVER BY MONTHS 1958 1959 1960 1961 19( 52 Month Fires Acres Fires Acres Fires Acres Fires Acres Fires Acres March — — — — — — — — — — April 413 5,577 90 972 21 119 89 1,131 135 1,302 May 411 26,381 162 1,051 145 2,361 316 3,739 249 1,715 June 198 3,626 161 692 79 387 311 1,152,111 248 4,178 July 69 90 341 2,045 326 27,515 211 17,706 466 2,686 August 403 920 248 514 190 275 251 8,392 296 3,618 September 37 18 25 5 87 135 32 46 99 200 October 12 15 1 — 91 539 64 66 23 93 November 15 25 1 2 17 55 31 1,537 5 12 Totals 1,558 36,652 1,029 5,281 956 31,386 1,305 1,184,728 1,521 13,804 125 CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST FIRES BY SIZE Size 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 No. No. No. No. No. 490 470 416 502 670 861 493 448 639 744 178 56 59 112 84 20 9 23 12 17 9 1 10 40 6 % acre and under Over Vi to 10 acres Over 10 to 100 acres Over 100 to 500 acres Over 500 acres Totals 1,558 1,029 956 1,305 1,521 FOREST FIRE SUMMARY Crown Private Total Total No. Average Fire Year Acres Acres Acres of Fires Size (Acres) 1925 132,481 57,062 189,543 1,149 165 1926 65,888 22,486 88,374 1,110 80 1927 22,772 12,970 35,742 924 39 1928 96,436 3,947 100,383 536 187 1929 608,750 16,893 625,643 1,550 404 1930 357,531 354,278 711,809 1,402 508 1931 105,866 32,421 138,287 1,851 75 1932 626,555 52,466 679,021 2,073 328 1933 325,034 24,924 349,958 1,919 182 1934 160,348 38,285 198,633 1,568 127 1935 183,179 67,483 250,662 1,309 191 1936 1,153,876 110,557 1,264,433 2,264 558 1937 201,887 22,859 224,746 1,453 155 1938 96,168 42,077 138,245 1,292 107 1939 26,089 3,009 29,098 961 30 1940 100,990 20,624 121,614 1,014 120 1941 271,793 394,754 666,547 1,265 527 1942 77,709 36,007 113,716 1,224 93 1943 33,465 19,352 52,817 624 85 1944 73,228 95,663 168,891 1,137 149 1945 17,997 30,513 48,510 966 60 1946 44,656 32,113 76,769 1,739 44 1947 38,093 45,939 84,032 1,393 60 1948 854,778 162,611 1,017,389 2,036 500 1949 40,593 19,472 60,065 1,834 33 1950 13,203 23,577 36,780 985 87 1951 96,662 4,581 101,243 904 112 1952 7,264 5,157 12,421 1,095 11 1953 44,519 14,290 58,809 1,520 39 1954 36,115 18,578 54,693 881 62 1955 370,948 25,475 396,423 2,252 176 1956 221,822 4,390 226,212 1,017 222 1957 24,250 22,401 46,651 1,671 28 1958 25,544 11,108 36,652 1,558 24 1959 2,580 2,701 5,281 1,029 5 1960 29,190 2,196 31,386 956 33 1961 1,180,900 3,828 1,184,728 1,305 908 1962 7,583 6,221 13,804 1,521 9 126 GENERAL CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES (Number of Fires, 1962) Fires Acres Lightning Industrial Recreation __ Resident Railways Incendiary Miscellaneous Unknown 295 75 592 146 76 38 289 10 1,521 1,991 2,636 5,249 1,058 532 59 2,201 83 13,804 CAUSES OF FOREST FIRES (Number of Fires, 1962) By By Source of Ignition Fires Responsible Group Fires Smoking Material 517 Fisherman 227 Hot Box 1 Hunter 22 Brake Shoe 8 Canoeist 8 Steam Locomotive — Picknicker 46 Diesel Locomotive 17 Berry Picker 132 Fusee — Camper 57 Tie Burning 8 Private Cottager 73 Power Saw 7 Commercial Resort Operator 6 Sparks from Chimney 5 Guided Party 2 Mechanical Equipment 17 Children 139 Spark from Burner 6 Youth Group 7 Sawdust Pile Burning 2 Car Passenger 86 Right-of-Way Burning 22 Train Passenger 7 Playing with Matches 112 Indian (on Indian Reserve only) 2 Garbage Dump Burn 28 Timber Cruiser — Rubbish Burning 36 Woods Industry Employee 22 Brush Burn 41 Land Survey Party 1 Grass Bum 37 Trapper 11 Burning Bulldozed Piles 6 I*rospector 2 Oamp Fire 233 Mining Employee 6 Power Line (Short Circuit) 22 Pipeline Employee — Structural Fire 16 Hydro Employee 27 Explosives — Highway or Road Employee 10 Fireworks 8 Municipal Employee 2 Miscellaneous (Known) 19 Telephone Company Employee 2 Unknown 58 R.R. Train Crew 39 Lightning 295 R.R. Section Crew 17 R.R. Work Crew 8 1,521 Other Industrial Employee 17 Farmer 38 Resident Rural (Not Farmer) 61 Resident Urban 11 Military — Unknown 138 Hiker — Lightning 295 1,521 127 STATEMENT OF FIRE CROWN PRIVATE Timber Damage Districts Cu. Ft. $ Sioux Lookout 1,230,352 24,607.04 Kenora 6^78 125.56 Fort Frances 400 8.00 Port Arthur 390 7.80 Geraldton 26,690 533.80 Kapuskasing 777,920 15,558.40 Cochrane 43,825 876.50 Swastika 46,997 939.94 Chapleau 1,360 27.20 Gogama 83,574 1,671.48 Sault Ste. Marie — 4,647 92.94 Sudbury 56,857 1,137.14 White River 20,040 400.80 North Bay 99,192 1,983.84 Parry Sound 9,264 185.28 Pembroke 16,739 334.78 Tweed 11,167 223.34 Lindsay 3,480 69.60 Lake Simcoe 510 10.20 Lake Huron Totals 2,439,682 48,793.64 Damage to Reproduction Timber Cu. Ft. 432.28 12.80 4,983.00 162.00 533.20 297.90 28.50 708.75 15.00 262.15 622.72 1,215.54 173.90 574.65 675.14 42.30 1,650 19,651 15,960 131 12,203 425 16,410 6,491 4,663 655 881 4,321 Damage $ 33.00 393.02 319.20 2.62 244.06 8.50 328.20 129.82 93.26 13.10 17.62 86.42 10,739.83 83,441 1,668.82 128 DAMAGE TABLE. 1962 $ TOTAL $ $ $ Damage to Reproduction Timber Cu. Ft. Damage $ Total Damage Reproduction Total Damage Private Property Damage 1,232,002 24,640.04 432.28 25,072.32 38.74 6,278 125.56 38.74 164.30 335.00 400 8.00 8.00 3.40 390 7.80 16.20 24.00 15,275.00 26,690 533.80 4,983.00 5,516.80 22.60 797,571 15,951.42 184.60 16,136.02 2,380.00 43,825 876.50 533.20 1,409.70 39,564.90 21.80 62,957 1,259.14 319.70 1,578.84 5,760.00 1,360 27.20 28.50 55.70 83,574 1,671.48 708.75 2,380.23 26.25 4,778 95.56 41.25 136.81 136.80 10,425.10 69,060 1,381.20 10,687.25 12,068.45 20,465 409.30 622.72 1,032.02 3,768.00 1,465.33 115,602 2,312.04 2,680.87 4,992.91 5,590.00 143.05 15,755 315.10 316.95 632.05 23,350.00 503.80 16,739 334.78 1,078.45 1,413.23 3,000.00 797.93 15,830 316.60 1,473.07 1,789.67 5.00 92.65 4,135 82.70 134.95 217.65 5.00 1,391 27.82 5.00 32.82 4,321 86.42 86.42 13,545.65 2,523,123 50,462.46 24,285.48 74,747.94 99,164.70 129 MEANS OF FIRE DETECTION Towers Rangers Public Aircraft Total Fires 1962 Totals 555 92 743 131 1,521 1961 " 419 74 566 246 1,305 1960 " 304 63 431 158 956 1959 " 414 66 458 91 1,029 1958 " 581 87 769 121 1,558 NUMBER OF FIRE PERMITS ISSUED 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 22,298 20,956 18,616 17,889 15,842 NUMBER OF TRAVEL PERMITS ISSUED 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 Permits Peraons 108,771 366,985 108,108 393,510 94,634 332,471 112,916 390,510 121,373 412,468 130 Y ts be V a s be 91 p-Q C8 ■w O H «4H o CO -4-1 e »4 ;zi ^ V O Ul (/> (^ to o a: 111 flQ z cc S O b .-a O hi ;2; *» 'I O ^ r-T (m" th" (m" eo" us" uj" cO0005(MC-OOe0Ui«0 00-*00 CO U3(MTHTtt~000?£>Cot-'^TH i-Hooio-^cD-^oioM «D 00 CD tH T-t CO (N «D OS U5 t> 00 U5 O eg 00^ CD •<* Cf r-T C(M05«DCOOOCg(MO^i^'5)0 eOOTt<-^t-OTjIMC0t-u:)a3(Mt-'«S<'-HtDC0t~ COeO«DCDeO'<*OU3'<*05i-IOOCDOTH (M Ca5coo*^co B P B B B S S ■fi fi B B '5 B 'b 'S 'fi B fi B B B 'b'b'c'c'c'b'c fS fi B C C B fi fi B B fi fi B C-CO00t*C0^'«1' ■^iCr^t-(00000 1.-'0^»«^,-H05?oOSOOOOOlO'^tD^COWOOt-tr-l.'3t^tOt^CO CO(35Wc^OOt-TH^l5lI^l.OCSiOCCC^iOO^^OOr5«N«Oh-N'*«0050«IM5=la5NOtOO^ OoOO»000>-OMtC«lO«Doi'^OOSO>AOl.-5 00T1< e<5coSO^rH c 3 c -<1<«5 ^M "^-^ ,^ »H Bo fi ^ r- — — ' ta — <* "- "=■ c 'S f~- ■= — 'c Mrr — o — M — * C C ^ ■§ " fi M ! 1 fi 3 ^ 2 S J:S o • C9o3^ ;<. fi 5rt «! ■2 « ^^ ■SB. B fi ■fi B IS tA )0 c b'c'b'b'c fi fi c s " c O W O >K -^ 132 133 134 o ^3 r4 CO ^ '-Si '^ C/3 O 92211 6C£I 96£l t-aci 99CI ?09l SCfrl 3? Z I < o £91 S96 £86 2Q6 2fe CM _ lO 'T to ca — 135 136 137 AIR SERVICE SECTION 1962-63 Delivery of two float-equipped Otter aircraft was taken in October replacing two Beaver aircraft which were sold by public tender. The addition of the two Otter aircraft provides a better balanced fleet which now consists of 33 Beaver, 10 Otter and one Super Widgeon, making a total of 44. Water dropping from tanks carried on Otter and Beaver aircraft continues to play an important part in fire control operations. Improvements were made in water-dropping equipment by the development and installation of a better release mechanism and other modifications such as more efficient filler tubes. Five helicopters were again leased from May 1st to September 30th to supplement fixed wing aircraft in fire control operations. Total flying time for the year was 12,541 hours. Total passengers carried, 32,569. Total loads carried 11,314,320 pounds. Flying operations were carried out from 28 bases during the fire season with 1 1 of these bases providing year-round service. Sixteen mercy flights were carried out during the year. The following tables provide further details on air operations. Table I OPERATING BASES. 1962-63 Base Type of Aircraft Sioux Lookout Beaver Otter Ignace Beaver Red Lake Beaver Pickle Lake Otter Caribou Lake Beaver *Kenora Beaver (2) Fort Frances Beaver Nym Lake Beaver *Port Arthur Beaver Otter *Geraldton Otter Pays Plat Beaver Twin Lakes (Nakina) Beaver Remi Lake Beaver Carey Lake Beaver South Porcupine Beaver Kenogami Beaver *Chapleau Beaver *Gogama Beaver *Sault Ste. Marie Beaver Otter Lauzon Lake Beaver * Sudbury Beaver Otter White River Beaver Oba Lake Beaver Temagami Beaver Parry Sound Beaver * Pembroke Otter Tweed Beaver ^Toronto Beaver (2) Widgeon * Denotes Year-round Bases 138 Table II TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT Transport Aircraft — Effective Loads Carried, 1962-63 Aircraft Hours Flown Effective Loads Carried Beaver CF-OBS 353:50 151,423 lbs. 75 tons 1423 pounds CF-OBW 259:30 250,382 lbs. 125 tons 382 pounds CF-OBX 210:05 193,956 lbs. 96 tons 1956 pounds CF-OBY 291:55 155,800 lbs. 77 tons 1800 pounds CF-OBZ 424:10 230,260 lbs. 115 tons 260 pounds CF-OCA 209:30 127,577 lbs. 63 tons 1577 pounds CF-OCB 297:35 225,405 lbs. 112 tons 1405 pounds CF-OCC 284:40 255,525 lbs. 127 tons 1525 pounds CF-OCD 337:10 286,070 lbs. 143 tons 70 pounds CF-OCE 350:10 371,358 lbs. 185 tons 1358 pounds CF-OCG 187:10 73,275 lbs. 36 tons 1275 pounds CF-OCH 140:35 77,239 lbs. 38 tons 1239 pounds CF-OCJ 401:50 292,479 lbs. 146 tons 479 pounds CF-OCK 247:50 120,777 lbs. 60 tons 777 pounds CF-OCL 154:10 95,025 lbs. 47 tons 1025 pounds CF-OCN 260:20 146,535 lbs. 73 tons 535 pounds CF-OCO 453:40 255,200 lbs. 127 tons 1200 pounds CF-OCP 367:35 245,195 lbs. 122 tons 1195 pounds CF-OCQ 239:30 119,145 lbs. 59 tons 1145 pounds CF-OCS 243:30 111,795 lbs. 55 tons 1795 pounds CF-OCT 321:05 120,987 lbs. 60 tons 987 pounds CF-OCU 316:50 226,267 lbs. 113 tons 267 pounds CF-OCV 396:00 204,675 lbs. 102 tons 675 pounds CF-OCX 325:35 152,443 lbs. 76 tons 443 pounds CF-OCY 338:40 511,129 lbs. 255 tons 1129 pounds CF-OCZ 252:50 148,140 lbs. 74 tons 140 pounds CF-ODA 350:45 138,675 lbs. 69 tons 675 pounds CF-ODB 234:10 208,215 lbs. 104 tons 215 pounds CF-ODC 372:50 96,380 lbs. 48 tons 380 pounds CF-ODD 160:40 90,570 lbs. 45 tons 570 pounds CF-ODE 328:00 66,470 lbs. 33 tons 470 pounds CF-ODF 1:35 165 lbs. 165 pounds CF-ODG 387:10 179,253 lbs. 89 tons 1253 pounds CF-ODO 119:45 14,035 lbs. 7 tons 35 pounds CF-ODS 150:25 60,445 lbs. 30 tons 445 pounds Otter CF-ODJ 346:35 302,020 lbs. 151 tons 20 pounds CF-ODK 183:40 429,980 lbs. 214 tons 1980 pounds CF-ODL 311:45 537,405 lbs. 268 tons 1405 pounds CF-ODP 269:40 426,935 lbs. 213 tons 935 pounds CF-ODQ 191:50 431,488 lbs. 215 tons. 1488 pounds CF-ODU 323:10 1,639,383 lbs. 819 tons, 1383 pounds CF-ODV 480:25 367,485 lbs. 183 tons, 1485 pounds CF-ODW 415:15 1,141,404 lbs. 570 tons, 1404 pounds CF-ODX 3:00 720 lbs. 720 pounds CF-ODY 2:50 Widgeon CF-ODR 242:30 35,140 lbs. 17 tons, 1140 pounds Total Transport Section: — Total Flying Time, Hours: 12,541:45 Total Loading, lbs.: 11,314,230 lb s. Total Loading, tons: 5,657 to ns, 230 lbs. 139 Table HOURS FLOWN ON VARIOUS PHASES OF FLYING OPERATIONS 1949-62 1962-63 Total Fire Ranging (Detection and Suppression) 76,075:40 4,168:30 80,244:10 Timber Management 11,294:55 923:20 12,218:15 Fish and Wildlife 33,800:10 3,862:10 37,662:20 Lands 2,804:10 229:55 3,034:05 Parks 1,449:20 385:30 1,834:50 Interdep-artmental Flying 4,725:00 453:55 5,178:55 Administration 38,380:10 2,518:25 40,898:35 168,529:25 12,541:45 181,071:10 BREAK-DOWN OF ADMINISTRATION 1962-63 Mercy Flights Tests (Radio and Aircraft) Ferrying and Instructions Research, Incl. Entomology Forced Landings and Operations Transportation Ordinary Transportation Special Photography Surveys 20:20 108:25 271:30 201:10 212:05 1,077:20 627:35 2,518:25 Table IV PASSENGERS AND PERSONNEL CARRIED 1924-62 1962-63 TOTAL Passengers Carried 560,941 Personnel Carried 161,078 Total Passengers and Personnel Carried 722,019 Effective Loads Flown, lbs. _ 167,141,390 Effective Loads Flown, tons — 83,570 tons 1,390 lbs. 27,750 588,691 4,819 165,897 32,569 754,588 11,314,230 178,455,620 5,657 230 tons lbs. 89,227 tons 1,620 lbs. 140 Table V HOURS FLOWN AT BASES. 1962-63 Base Hours Flown Algonquin Park 262:20 Carey Lake 269:45 Caribou Lake 318:45 Chapleau 410:20 Fort Frances 561:40 Geraldton 254:10 Gogama 525:25 Ignace 118:40 Kenogami 308:00 Kenora 571:50 Lauzon Lake 255:25 Nym Lake 278:20 Oba Lake 237:10 Pays Plat 213:20 Parry Sound 277:30 Pickle Lake 274:45 Port Arthur 556:50 Pembroke 639:25 Red Lake 218:55 Remi Lake 335:25 Sault Ste. Marie 770:30 Sioux Lookout 935:30 South Porcupine 239:30 Sudbury 746:00 Temagami 370:55 Twin Lakes (Nakina) 156:25 Toronto 419:35 White River 142:05 Tweed 268:05 Air Service General, Operations, Testing, Ferrying, etc. 1,605:10 12,541:45 141 Table VI FLYING TIME PILOTS Pilots 1924-62 1962-63 Total Allen DW 2,764:25 471:55 3,236:20 Ballantyne DE 1,921:55 340:05 2,262:00 Beaushene GD 3,446:55 495:30 3,942:25 Bieck AH 1,595:10 322:50 1,918:00 Burtt AE 8,207:25 389:35 8,597:00 Calver DR 3,257:25 260:50 3,518:15 Campbell GE 4,787:35 569:35 5,357:10 Golfer AP 6,696:50 590:40 7,287:30 Cooke TC 7,082:30 705:10 7,787:40 Cram WW 1,229:40 259:30 1,489:10 Croft BR 1,500:40 266:30 1,767:10 Croal DM 1,634:10 535:45 2,169:55 CuUiton JE 260:50 260:50 Denley JG 7,566:55 256:40 7,823:35 Evans FB 4,458:55 261:10 4,720:05 Fiskar UW 3,871:10 438:20 4,309:30 Glennie NA 2,624:45 429:20 3,054:05 Hoar HA 3,045:35 156:25 3,202:00 Hoeberg PS 3,119:15 358:55 3,478:10 Hugill WA 2,504:25 288:35 2,793:00 Kineaid J 7,656:45 387:10 8,043:55 Kirk CJ 4,802:35 267:55 5,070:30 Lamont JA 3,679:40 375:35 4,055:15 LeFeuvre CJ 9,037:50 435:40 9,473:30 Lowe B 1,594:55 188:55 1,783:50 MacDougall FA 5,191:05 106:10 5,297:15 North DH 1,250:20 212:00 1,462:20 Parsons R 7,549:40 204:50 7,754:30 Pike SJ 287:00 286:50 573:50 Poulin LD 7,981:50 130:30 8,112:20 Reid DM 4,591:00 300:05 4,891:05 Siegel J 5,262:15 242:25 5,504:40 Speight HC 7,858:20 532:15 8,390:35 Taylor JM 3,554:20 33:30 3,587:50 Thomas E 3,548:45 342:00 3,890:45 Thompson FJ 2,695:10 357:05 3,052:15 Trusts ler GE 7,625:50 248:30 7,874:20 Turcotte LG 1,302:50 232:10 1,535:00 Other Pilots 187,033:15 187,033:15 343,819:05 12,541:45 356,360:50 142 Table VII AIRCRAFT FLYING TIME - - AIRCRAFT 1924-62 1962-63 5,239:55 353:50 3,527:20 259:30 4,086:10 210:05 3,733:10 291:55 4,319:45 424:10 4,006:25 209:30 4,753:35 297:35 4,079:15 284:40 3,690:10 337:10 4,576:50 350:10 3,628:00 187:10 4,112:30 140:35 3,427:20 401:50 4,006:25 247:50 3,830:40 154:10 4,406:50 260:20 4,156:30 453:40 4,738:50 367:35 4,637:55 239:30 4,124:00 243:30 4,283:40 321:05 4,009:40 316:50 3,391:35 396:00 3,601:55 325:35 3,413:50 338:40 2,675:20 252:50 3,317:00 350:45 3,839:40 234:10 4,724:55 372:50 1,046:50 160:40 2,975:35 328:00 3,375:20 1:35 3,804:45 387:10 728:50 119:45 556:15 150:25 2,602:20 346:35 2,407:30 183:40 2,490:50 311:45 1,566:25 269:40 1,902:25 191:50 518:45 323:10 610:30 480:25 157:05 415:15 3:00 2:50 Total Beaver CF-OBS CF-OBW CF-OBX CF-OBY CF-OBZ CF-OCA CF-OCB CF-OCC CF-OCD CF-OCE CF-OCG CF-OCH CF-OCJ CF-OCK CF-OCL CF-OCN CF-OCO CF-OCP CF-OCQ CF-OCS CF-OCT CF-OCU CF-OCV CF-OCX CF-OCY CF-OCZ CF-ODA CF-ODB CF-ODC CF-ODD CF-ODE CF-ODF CF-ODG CF-ODO CF-ODS Otter CF-ODJ CF-ODK CF-ODL CF-ODP CF-ODQ CF-ODU CF-ODV CF-ODW CF-ODX CF-ODY 5,593:45 3,786:50 4,296:15 4,025:05 4,743:55 4,215:55 5,051:10 4,363:55 4,027:20 4,927:00 3,815:10 4,253:05 3,829:10 4,254:15 3,984:50 4,667:10 4,610:10 5,106:25 4,877:25 4,367:30 4,604:45 4,326:30 3,787:35 3,927:30 3,752:30 2,928:10 3,667:45 4,073:50 5,097:45 1,207:30 3,303:35 3,376:55 4,191:55 848:35 706:40 2,948:55 2,591:10 2,802:35 1,836:05 2,094:15 841:55 1,090:55 572:20 3:00 2:50 Widgeon CF-ODR All Other Aircraft 1,341:10 200,454:15 242:30 1,583:40 200,454:15 342,878:00 12,541 :45 355,419:45 143 O I CM I ^ =4 1 — 1 LL ^ a >- o s z LU CD O4 3 t^ i; z < >- o a: -Q 10 $ -2 "I & 0 § I S ■^g 'Z ie c 3 l; ■2 0 ^ §1 fcOH c . d« c ti OS d e5„ ^t Ed ^ 3 0 cS o<« ^^ •^c. t5 2 iS-s r^»2 o2 I a o eo .-H "^ *^ ^^ "^ ,-1 rt rt c^ eq '^' * — ^ i? ^ ^ s ^ n! ft iJ ^ S g § ^ S g 8 000050 to to \ ~\ to '-' c^ t« t« 3 3 < < rH OS .-I 10 a I o « ^ ^ (M ;:; ^ ^ .SJ! I Q g o 6 0000 f-H to 5.S 3 & «:g OS if s i1^ > > o o o o 144 Table IX HELICOPTER FLYING HOURS 1962-63 HELICOPTER HOURS FLOWN CF-IZH 285:35 CF-ICG 456:00 CF-IFA 441:35 CF-HER 420:15 CF-FHM 385:50 CF-MMN 12:25 CF-MEK 48:45 2,050:25 HOURS FLOWN ON VARIOUS PHASES OF FLYING OPERATIONS SERVICE HOURS FLOWN Fire Ranging 1,306:45 Timber Management 194:25 Fish and Wildlife 180:10 Lands 19:45 Parks 30:35 Administration 318:45 2,050:25 BREAK-DOWN OF ADMINISTRATION Research incl. Entomology 15:55 Transportation Ordinary 71:05 Transportation Special 12:05 Ferrying 219:40 318:45 145 Crowds gather by land and water to bid on sunnmer cottage lots in an auction sale of Crown land in Parry Sound Forest District. Crown lands offer a great variety of scenic settings; above, a small island. 146 LANDS AND SURVEYS BRANCH THE Branch is comprised of four sections with responsibiUties and functions as follows : SURVEYS SECTION Performance of surveys for the disposition of Crown lands, the retracement of obliterated original boundaries, the restoration of original Crown survey points, base, meridian line and provincial park surveys, lands to be acquired for depart- mental purposes, provincial boundaries; Custody and maintenance of survey records; Map compilation and distribution; and Sale of maps, survey record reproductions, departmental publications; Compilation and draughting of planimetric township, area, and miscellaneous plans, charts and graphs. LANDS SECTION Administration of the public lands; Disposition of Crown lands by sale, lease, licence; and Servicing of Crown leases and Licences of Occupation; LAND USE PLANNING SECTION Preparation of a land use plan for the public lands of the province; Wilderness areas; and Advisory Committees on Recreational Land Use Planning; ENGINEERING SECTION Inspection and approval of dams, investigations, water resource management, issuance and servicing of Water Power Lease Agreements, Licences of Occupation for dams, flooding, diversions; Preparation of plans for departmental buildings; General engineering services; Designs and plans for hatcheries, trout rearing stations, renovations, plant and equipment; Engineering studies for wildlife management; and Access roads, acquisition of land. SURVEYS SECTION The subdivision survey programme was reduced during the past fiscal year with instructions issuing for 749 summer resort lots to be laid out on 71 sub- division survey plans as compared to 966 lots on the same number of plans the previous fiscal year. In addition to the subdivision surveys, 398 individual surveys were completed in areas where registered plans of subdivisions were not available. This was slightly over one-half of the number surveyed the previous fiscal year. The long range programme of retracement surveys to restore obliterated survey lines and corners in the original Crown survey fabric was continued. In- 147 X u o z i Buildings Planning Design and Construction Hatcheries Design and Construction 1) fi i ° « 3 a a "^ s J -^ »5 -S ^ •^5 ^§1 (I, 148 structions were issued for the retracement of approximately 230 miles of original survey lines and, in addition, 60 miles of original survey lines were retraced in connection with the surveys of Crown subdivisions. Supplementing this programme, special instructions were issued to 42 individual Ontario Land Surveyors in private practice for the restoration of original Crown survey points on an experimental basis. This is an attempt by the Department to restore and preserve with permanent survey monuments, the original township survey fabric, by the remonumenting of lot corners that are rapidly becoming obliterated. A wide variety of building and service improvements and renovations were completed throughout the Province. A new tree seed extraction plant was con- structed at Angus and a new sewage disposal plant was constructed at Maple. A new map No. 24 of the Territorial Series, on a scale of 8 miles to 1 inch was published. This map comprising the territorial districts of Kenora and Rainy River, printed in 7 colours, has the improved colour tones, shows the boundaries of the Department of Lands and Forests administrative districts and a standardized grid system for locating geographical townships similar to the other maps of this series. Legal Surveys Survey instructions issued during the period April 1st, 1962, to March 31st, 1963: MERIDIAN SURVEYS No survey instructions were issued for the survey of Base or Meridian Lines during the fiscal year. SPECIAL RETRACEMENT SURVEYS 1 . Retracement survey of part of the boundary between the Townships of North and South Crosby and part of the west boundaries of the Townships of North and South Crosby, County of Leeds. 2. Retracement survey of the boundary between the Townships of Ogden and Bristol, District of Cochrane, to facilitate geological surveys by the Depart- ment of Mines. 3. Retracement survey of the boundary between lots 4 and 5, Concession 5, and survey of the line between the north and south halves of lot 4, Concession 5, Township of Aberdeen, District of Algoma, relative to a timber sale. 4. Retracement survey required in Lots 26, 27 and 28, Concessions 13 and 14, Township of Bonfield, District of Nipissing. 5. Retracement Surveys a) Portions of the west and north boundaries and a portion of the road allowance between Concessions 1 and 2, Township of Olden, County of Frontenac. b) Portion of the north boundary, Township of Denbigh, County of Lennox and Addington. c) The boundary between the Townships of Wood and Muskoka for a dis- tance of six miles, in the District of Muskoka. d) The road allowance between Concessions 6 and 7 across lots 6 to 10 inclusive, Township of Cowper, District of Parry Sound. 149 e) The south boundary across Lx)ts 6 to 10 inclusive, Township of Burton, District of Parry Sound. f) The easterly and westerly boundaries. Township of Sheffield, County of Lennox and Addington. 6. Retracement survey to re-establish certain lot corners and lot boundaries in the Township of Field, District of Nipissing. 7. Retracement survey of portions of the north and west boundaries Township of McTavish, District of Thunder Bay. 8. Retracement survey of the north boundary, Township of Joly, District of Parry Sound. 9. Retracement Surveys a) The road allowance between Concessions 12 and 13, across Lots 26 to 33 inclusive, Township of Stisted, District of Muskoka. b) The west boundary, Township of McKellar, District of Parry Sound. 10. Retracement survey of the line between Concession A and Concession 1 S.R. across Lots 1-12 inclusive. Township of Watten, District of Rainy River. 11. Retracement survey of a portion of the north boundary, Township of Mis- campbell, District of Rainy River. 12. Retracement and survey of the south and west boundaries. Township of Whitney, District of Cochrane. 13. Retracement survey of the south boundary. Township of Foumier, District of Cochrane. 14. Retracement survey of a portion of the west boundary. Township of Pem- broke, County of Renfrew. 15. Retracement survey of the road allowance between Ranges A and B known as the Pembroke and Mattawan Road across Lots 8 to 19 inclusive, Township of Rolph, County of Renfrew. 16. Retracement survey of the northerly and easterly boundaries. Township of Strathy, District of Nipissing. 17. Retracement survey of the easterly boundary. Township of Harburn, County of Haliburton. 18. Retracement survey of the northerly boundary. Township of Harcourt, County of Haliburton. 19. Retracement survey of the easterly boundary, Township of Eyre, County of Haliburton. 20. Retracement survey of the southerly boundary, Township of Dill, District of Sudbury. 21. Retracement survey of the southerly three miles of the easterly boundary. Township of Eden, District of Sudbury. 22. Retracement survey of the westerly boundary. Township of Servos, District of Sudbury. 23. Retracement survey of a portion of the allowance for road between Con- cessions 6 and 7 E.B.R., Township of St. Edmunds, County of Bruce. 24. Retracement survey of certain road allowances within Lots 21 to 35, Con- cessions 10 to 15, Township of Bonfield, District of Nipissing. 25. Retracement survey of the allowance for road between the northern and southern divisions. Township of Burleigh, County of Peterborough. 26. Retracement survey of the northerly portion of the allowance for road between the Townships of Burleigh and Harvey, County of Peterborough. 27. Retracement survey of the boundary between the Townships of MacDonald and Meredith, District of Algoma. 150 28. Retracement survey of the boundary between the Townships of Laird and MacDonald, District of Algoma. 29. Retracement survey of the boundary between the Townships of Ogden and Price, District of Cochrane. SUMMER RESORT SUBDIVISION SURVEYS 1. Grout Lake in Township 29, District of Sudbury. 2. Block of land in the unsurveyed territory at Key Harbour, District of Parry Sound. 3. Raspberry Island, Lake of the Woods, north of the Township of Morson, District of Kenora. 4. a) Jackfish Lake, Township 82. b) O'SuUivan Lake, north of the Township of Rupert, District of Thunder Bay. 5. a) Big Stone Bay, Lake of the Woods, Township of Kirkup. b) Rush Bay, Lake of the Woods, Township of Forgie. c) Ziz-Zag Island, Clearwater Bay, south of the Township of Boys, District of Kenora. 6. a) Lake of the Two Mountains, Township of Forgie. b) Royal Lake, Township of Ewart. c) Long Pine Lake, Township of Gundy. d) Island P. 107, Clearwater Bay, Lake of the Woods, south of the Township of Pellatt. e) Moth Lake, Township of Forgie. f ) Crowduck Lake, Township of Forgie, District of Kenora. 7. a) Eagle Lake, Township of Aubrey. b) Canyon Lake, West of Smellie Township. c) Edward Lake, Township of Smellie. d) Eagle Lake, Township of Aubrey. e) Little Gordon Lake, north of Tustin Township, District of Kenora. 8. a) Tasso Lake, Township of Finlayson. b) Kahshe Lake, Township of Morrison. c) Kawagama Lake, Township of McClintock, (2). Districts of Muskoka and Nipissing. 9. Wauquimakog Lake, Township of Wilson, District of Parry Sound. 10. a) Twelve Mile Bay of Georgian Bay, Township of Freeman. b) Go-Home River (Go-Home Lake) Township of Gibson. c) Go-Home River (Go-Home Lake) Township of Gibson. d) Blackstone Harbour of Georgian Bay, Township of Conger, Districts of Muskoka and Parry Sound. IL a) Loon Bay of Georgian Bay, Township of Carling. b) Whitestone Lake, Township of Hagerman. c) Deep Bay of Georgian Bay, Township of Carling, District of Parry Sound. 12. a) McLaren Island, Five Mile Bay, Township of Cowper. b) Island B.470 in Georgian Bay, Township of Cowper. c) Whitestone Lake, Township of Hagerman. d) Healey Lake, Township of Conger, District of Parry Sound. 13. a) Nydia Lake, south of the Township of Weaver. b) Sandpoint Lake, southwest of the Township of Bennett. c) Redgut Bay of Rainy Lake, Township of Halkirk. d) Perch Lake, south of the Township of Baker, District of Rainy River. 151 14. Key Inlet in unsurveyed territory lying west of the Township of Mowat District of Parry Sound. 1 5. a) Deer Bay of Lake Nipissing, Township of Haddo. b) Maskinonge Island in the west arm of Lake Nipissing, Township of Casimir and Haddo, District of Sudbury. 16. Keefer Lake, Township of Hillary, District of Timiskaming. 1 7. Camp Lake, Township of Gour, District of Kenora. 18. Eels Lake, Township of Anstruther, County of Peterborough. 19. a) Lower Shebandowan Lake, Township of Conacher. b) Middle Shebandowan Lake, Township of Hagey, District of Thunder Bay. 20. a) Wabatongushi Lake, Township of Glasgow. b) Picnic Lake, Township of Hunt. c) Rous Lake, Township 74. Districts of Algoma and Thunder Bay. 21. a) Sheriff Lake, Township of Ingram. b) Long Point Lake, Township of Chown. c) Isabel Lake, Township of Corkill. District of Timiskaming. 22. a) Green Lake, Township of Brougham, b) Joe Lake, Township of Lavant. Counties of Renfrew and Lanark. 23. Ashigami Lake, Townships of Scadding and Davis. District of Sudbury. (2). MUNICIPAL SURVEYS 1. Re-establishment and monumentation of certain comers in Lots 3, 4 and 5, Concessions 9 and 10, Township of Burleigh, County of Peterborough. 2. Re-establishment and monumentation of portions of the Concession road lines between Concessions 3 and 4, 4 and 5, and 6 and 7, Lots 11 and 18, Township of Alnwick, County of Northumberland. MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYS 1. Establishment of the south boundary of a Mining Claim in Quirke Lake, Townships 144 and 150, District of Algoma. Cost of Survey to be bome by the Mining Company. 2. Survey certain lands and certain roads to be constructed in connection with park development in the Townships of Sunnidale and Flos, County of Simcoe. 3. Survey a commercial site in Lot 46, Concession 11, Township of Harrison, District of Parry Sound. 4. Survey two individual locations in Lot 19, Concession 1, Township of Humphry, District of Parry Sound. 5. Survey a commercial site on the Chapleau-Foleyet secondary highway No. 631, Township of Sandy, District of Algoma. 6. Survey a commercial site on Kindiogami Lake, Township 3B, District of Algoma. 7. Survey Lots 46-48, Concession 14, relative to squatters on Crown lands, Village of Britt, Township of Wallbridge, District of Parry Sound. 8. Survey part of Lots 4 and 5, Concession 3, Township of Cleland, District of Sudbury. 9. Survey the boundaries of Lot 10, Concession 11 and the boundaries of the 152 Summer Resort Surveys Administrative District Individual Parcels Surveyed Crown Private Fee Paid No Fee Subdivision Plans Crown Surveys Fee Paid No Fee Total Chapleau 2 2 Cochrane 5 42 47 Erie Fort Frances 39 39 78 Geraldton 31 31 Gogama 2 11 13 Huron Kapuskasing 1 14 15 Kenora 97 152 249 Lindsay 3 1 32 36 North Bay- 1 32 19 52 Parry Sound 69 96 164 Pembroke 4 45 49 Port Arthur 20 21 41 Kemptville 1 1 Sault Ste. Marie 1 20 50 71 Simcoe 1 6 7 Sioux Lookout 9 17 26 Sudbury 8 58 9 181 256 Swastika Tweed 22 139 161 White River 3 72 75 Totals : 10 388 10 966 1,374 The above includes 86 plans of subdivisions containing 976 lots. west half of Lot 10, Concession 13, in the Township of Bedford, County of Frontenac. 10. Survey in Mining Claim L8080 to establish boundaries of buildings and improvements, Township of Lebel, District of Timiskaming. 11. Re-establishment and monumentation of portion B, D.H.O. plan and diver- sion of Boyne River, Oastler Lake Provincial Park. 12. Survey an access road, Wasaga Beach Provincial Park. 13. Survey additional lands acquired for park lands and waterfowl management area. Long Point Provincial Park. 14. Improvement surveys within the boundaries of the following parks; Pembroke District Kemptville District Algonquin Park Kearney Lake Camp Grounds; Lake of Two Rivers Picnic Grounds; Pog Lake Camp Grounds; Madawaska Group Camp Grounds; Rock Lake Road and Camp Grounds; Coon Lake Camp Grounds; Opeongo Lake Road and Improvements; Logging Museum; Costello Creek Picnic Grounds and Museum; East Gate Headquarters Area. Rideau Park Silver Lake Park 153 Tweed District Black Lake Outlet Beach Lindsay District Emily Park Serpent Mounds Mark S. Burnham Simcoe District Sibbald Point Earl Rowe (including contours of flood plain) Aylmer District Long Point Ipperwash Clay Creek Holiday Beach John E. Pearce St. Williams 15. Survey the boundaries of certain lands, required for Mitawin Provincial Park, Township of Salter, District of Sudbury. 16. Survey the boundaries of the Southampton Fish Hatchery Site, being parts of Lots 1 and H north of Clarendon Street, Town of Southampton, County of Bruce, to facilitate the sale of the property. 17. Survey a proposed extension of Earl Rowe Provincial Park, Township of Tosorontio, County of Simcoe. 18. Survey part of a proposed Provincial Park in the Township of Dunn, County of Haldimand. 19. Survey the boundaries of certain lands required for an aircraft base and access right of way. Township of Puslinch, County of Wellington. 20. Survey to define the westerly limit of Lot 14, Concession 2, and the Lake- shore Road, Township of North Gwillimbury, County of York. 21. Survey a parcel of land adjoining the new Sault Ste. Marie Airport, Township of Parke, District of Algoma. 22. Survey the right of way across certain mining claims of the Glenorchy Access Road, west of the Township of Bennett, District of Rainy River. 23. Survey the boundaries of certain lands required for a radio tower site. Town- ship of Waterloo, County of Waterloo. 24. Survey a fire tower site. Township of Coulson, District of Cochrane. 25. Survey a fire tower site, Township of Aberdeen Additional, District of Algoma. 26. Survey the Deputy Chief Rangers Headquarters, Hemlo, on Cache Lake, Township 74, District of Thunder Bay. 27. Restoration and preservation by permanent monuments of original Crown survey points found by surveyors while carrying out surveys on privately owned lands. Standard instructions issued to 42 Ontario Land Surveyors in private practice. Access Roads and Land Acquisition Approval for the expenditure of $268,000.00 was granted for the maintenance of access roads throughout the Province; 168 work permits for the construction of access roads were processed. Requests were forwarded to the Department of Public Works for the acqui- sition of 112 properties for departmental purposes. 154 Provincial Park Surveys Surveys of internal improvements within the boundaries of the following Provincial Parks were carried out: Earl Rowe, Fitzroy, Outlet Beach, Wasaga Beach, Lake Superior, Sibbald Point, Killamey, Algonquin, Silver Lake, Black Lake, Long Point and Oastler Lake. Boundary surveys for investigation work relative to boundaries were carried out in Earl Rowe, Fitzroy and Rideau River parks. Cadastral and Topographic Mapping PLANIMETRIC DETAIL MAPS The following detailed planimetric plans and maps were completed: Area or grid Maps 51 Township Maps 18 Composite Plans 2 Miscellaneous Plans 46 Part Lot Plans 78 Field Note Pages 28 Water Lot Plans 9 Townships Annulled Townships Annulled Partially _ 8 Completely 17 General Administration, Survey Records and Map Distribution MAP DISTRIBUTION A decrease is to be noted in the overall distribution figure of all maps in com- parison with the quantity distributed the previous fiscal year. This is due to the reduced demand for maps covering the areas adjacent to Highway 17 connecting Sault Ste. Marie with Port Arthur, which opened a little over one year ago, and due to the fact that our stock of the Provincial series of lithographed map sheets on the scale of 2 miles to one inch, were depleted and those required for district offices had to be ordered direct from the Department of Mines and Technical surveys in Ottawa, which figures are not included in this report. A total of 22,119 copies of lithographed district and miscellaneous maps pro- duced by this department were distributed, of which 1,970 copies were for the "Official Use" of this and other Departments of the Provincial and Federal Govern- ments (see "Trend of Map Distribution Chart"). The map sheets of the National Topographic Series, produced and distributed by the Federal Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, as well as the sheets produced by the Army Survey Establishment Bureau of the Department of Nation- al Defence, Ottawa, for resale purposes, or for the "Official Use" of this and other departments of the Ontario Provincial Government were distributed in the total quantity of 47,712 copies (see "Trend of Map Distribution Chart"), an increase of 1,864 copies over that of the previous fiscal year. Of the total distributed, 15,141 copies were supplied for the "Official Use" of this department, including district offices, by the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys without charge. The demand for copies of the Lake Simcoe and Trent Canal Nautical ("Marine) charts published by the Canadian Hydrographic Service, Ottawa, has decreased; 367 copies were distributed but this figure is not shown in the total overall map distribution figure. 155 Twenty-one thousand eight hundred and forty-two (21,842) copies (see "Trend of Map Distribution Chart") of the Provincial Topographic Series, on the scale of two miles to one inch were distributed. The summary of the total quantity of lithographed map sheets distributed is as follows: National Topographic Series 69,554 Map No. 20 1,194 District Maps 11,215 Map No. 33A — Electoral 193 Map No. 28 — Geographical Townships 113 Miscellaneous Maps 9,404 Total 91,673 An increase of 300 "Over the Counter" individual cash sales was noted against that of the previous fiscal year, for a total of 8,200 transactions for the sale of lithographed map sheets, reproductions of survey records and other maps and plans. Seven hundred and seventy counter invoices for items sent out on credit were issued, being a decrease of 230 as compared to last year. Seven thousand eight hundred (7,800) letters of request from the public, covering similar transactions, were processed. REPRODUCTIONS Twenty-two thousand three hundred and forty-one square feet of photographic reproduction paper were consumed for reproductions of maps and survey records for departmental work, the survey branches of the Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission and the Ontario Department of Highways, other provincial govern- ment departments and commissions, Ontario Land Surveyors and the general public. The consumption of sensitized paper used in the reproduction of various topo- graphic map tracings, Crown land tracings and township prints, Georgian Bay Island map sheets, subdivision and summer resort plans of surveys, as well as other miscellaneous plans, by the dry process reproduction method, was reduced this year. A total of 344,006 square feet of sensitized paper and linen was consumed. A summary of the dry process material used, is as follows: Blue or black line paper 333,909 square feet Transparent linen — 1,590 Transparent Plastic 2,907 '. 4,497 square feet Opaque Linen 5,600 square feet Total 344,006 Reproductions required for mapping projects for this branch and various dis- trict offices, to be produced photographically by commercial firms, are not included in the above figures. MAP MOUNTING AND BOOKBINDING The following work in addition to other miscellaneous projects was handled by the map mounting and bookbinding staff maintained by this Section for depart- mental requirements including the preservation of old survey plans. 156 Map Mounting New plans mounted Summer Resort Subdivision and Composite 345 Miscellaneous lithographed maps and prints 334 Old plans remounted Original township surveys and patent plans 109 Mining locations 432 Total 1,220 Bookbinding New bindings Field notes of current surveys 21 Miscellaneous 20 Total 41 Rebindings Patent References 20 Field notes 26 Total 46 Miscellaneous Documents and pages laminated 2,197 Crown Survey Records The use of original Crown survey records for reproduction or reference pur- poses by the survey branches of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, the Ontario Department of Highways, Ontario Land Surveyors in private practice and the general public, continues to increase. Three thousand four hundred and fifty-eight (3,458) cards were typed cover- ing plans being recatalogued and filed in the Survey Record Catalogue along with six hundred (600) cards copied from information contained in the Island and Boundary Commission Surveys book, and filed. In addition, 763 entries were made in the Surveyor's designation number card index of surveyed parcels, including change of file numbers. The returns of surveys of 102 plans of subdivisions made for summer resort purposes and 132 plans of miscellaneous surveys consisting of the surveys of pipe line right-of-ways, composite plans made on Crown Lands other than individual summer resort location surveys, as well as 24 books of field notes were registered, catalogued and filed. The returns of seven Municipal Surveys were also entered in the records. The refiling of all plans of surveys, with the exception of the plans of surveyed mining claims presently filed on current correspondence files, into the vertical filing system, was continued this fiscal year. Approximately 34,500 flat, current corre- spondence files were examined. Approximately 8,816 plans of surveys, descrip- tions, field notes and affidavits were removed and refiled into the vertical filing system. This required the typing of approximately 3,553 filing labels which was done partly by the summer casual help and partly by the full time staff. All survey record material removed from the files was microfilmed. Certain records, considered to be of enduring value, were transferred to the 157 Department of Public Records and Archives for permanent retention and preserva- tion. These consisted of plans, reports and notes of the Upper Canada - United States Boundary survey by David Thompson of Williamstown in 1837 under the Treaty of Ghent, consisting of four volumes containing ninety (90) hand drawn maps, the original report and some traverse notes; a copy of a plan of Old Fort Frontenac and town plot of Kingston dated at Quebec, October 15, 1784 as sur- veyed by John Frederick Holland and signed by Samuel Holland, Surveyor Gen- eral; a petition and report concerning the site of Magnetawan Village dated 1873; a report on the survey by J. W. Fitzgerald in connection with the Georgian Bay railway right of way, made in 1875; as well as certain material in connection with surveys made on the Ottawa and Petawawa rivers in 1847. Survey Party Equipment Three field survey parties under staff surveyors, carrying out summer resort location subdivision surveys, retracement surveys, and other miscellaneous surveys, were supplied and equipped for field work. Major equipment purchased for field use included one diamond drill, two chain saws, one three-hundred-foot chain, two 18 H.P. Outboard Motors, and two vehicles. The necessary quantity of survey monuments to cover the survey programme were distributed to various district offices for the use of Ontario Land Surveyors on the staff, or in private practice who were making retracement surveys, individual or subdivision surveys for summer resort purposes on Crown Land under instruc- tions from the Department, for Municipal Surveys being made under departmental instructions, or for other miscellaneous surveys. Accounts Payable, Supplies and Equipment Over 1,100 invoices and accounts payable were examined, checked, recorded and classified prior to passing to the Accounts Branch for payment. These were for travel and disbursements of members of the staff, purchases made for equip- ment, supplies, maintenance and other operating costs, and for surveys made on Crown Lands by Ontario Land Surveyors in private practice. Sixty-four property receipts, transfers and write off forms were prepared for the Equipment Inventory records. Approximately one thousand requisitions were prepared covering pur- chases of supplies and equipment, maintenance and other operations. Cartographic Mapping and Geographical Nomenclature MAP PRODUCTION To maintain a supply of copies for distribution until such time as the new base for map 21 "Southern Ontario" of the Territorial Series is completed, 3,000 copies in full colours of the present map 21a were obtained from existing lithographic plates. The new base map for Map 24 (replacing Map 24a) "Districts of Kenora and Rainy River" of the Territorial Series, scale 8 miles to 1 inch, having been com- pleted prior to April 1st, 1962, was reproduced in 7 colours. The new base was prepared for reproduction in Black and Dark Blue as compared with the old map 24a base which was in Black only. This map has the improved colour tones, shows Department of Lands and Forests administrative district boundaries and a stand- ardized grid system for locating geographic townships, similar to the other map sheets of this series. 158 DESIGN. COMPILATION AND FAIR DRAWINGS OF MAPS Progressive work was carried on throughout the first 9 months of 1962-63 on the preparation of the new muhi-colour base for Map 21 (replacing map 21a) "Southern Part of Ontario", scale 8 miles to 1 inch, of the Territorial Series. Much work was involved in the conversion, by photographic methods, of the original base drawings (Black only) to the new Black - Dark Blue basic outlines. The work on this map was stopped in December, 1962, due to the necessity of producing Map R 163 "Recreational Areas and Parks" folder. Work was continued on the new multi-colour base for Map 23 (replacing map 23a) throughout the first 9 months of the 1962-63 period. It also was stopped relative to producing Map Folder R 163. In October, 1962, a small map at a scale of 2 miles to 1 inch was prepared of the Geographical Townships of Bruton and Clyde, as a supplement to the exist- ing map 47a Algonquin Provincial Park. These townships are now included within the limits of the Park. In December, 1962, all work in progress was stopped in order to proceed as rapidly as possible with the planning, designing and production of a new map folder now identified as R 163 "Recreational Areas and Parks within a 50 mile radius of Metropolitan Toronto". EDITING OF GEOGRAPHICAL NOMENCLATURE ON MAPS During the fiscal year, geographical names to appear on new maps, being produced by other departments of federal and provincial governments, were checked for correctness of spelling, form and application of such names. The groups of maps are as follows: (i) Geological maps — for the Ontario Department of Mines — 11. (ii) Maps of the "National Topographic" Series at scale of 1/50000 — 5. (ill) Maps of the "Military Town Plan" Series at scale of 1/25000 — 25. (iv) Marine Charts produced by the Canadian Hydrographic Service, various scales : — 11. REFERENCE LIBRARY INFORMATION Expansion of the Index of Geographical Names of Ontario has been con- tinued, the majority of such work being the addition of 6000 new entries and 2000 entries fully revised, a considerable part of this work was relative to the cross- reference of prefixed names. All names finally approved by the Canadian Perma- nent Contmiittee on Geographical Names were entered into the index currently as received. All incoming reference copies of new maps of the National Topographic Series, Military Town Plans and Geological Survey Aeromagnetic Series were indexed and filed. LANDS SECTION Land Administration To ensure that Lands Section continues to provide direct and efficient service to the people, several amendments and additions were made to The Public Lands Act and to policy procedure. An amendment to The Public Lands Act requires that at least 25 per cent of 159 the total frontage of areas fronting on water be reserved for public use; procedure relating to zoning plans was improved; regulations governing the sale or leasing of public lands were passed; extension of the time for performance of a term or condi- tion of a sale or lease was provided; provision was made for obtaining possession of public land after the revocation, cancellation or expiration of a sale or lease or where a person is in possession or occupation without lawful authority; it was established that a beach used for travel by the public is not by reason only of such use a highway within the meaning of any Act; the right of the Crown to one quarter of land subdivided into lots, blocks or parcels and the related procedure was clarified. Because ever-increasing numbers of people are ranging farther afield in pursuit of hunting and angling and other outdoor recreation and it was considered undesirable to hamper their freedom of movement, a procedure was established to permit the use of public land for a period of less than three weeks without charge. A Hunt Camp identification card to be posted on the building showing the name of the owner and the Land Use Permit number, assists insi>ectors to deter- mine, in the absence of the owner, whether or not the camp is covered by proper authority. Procedure was established and forms designed for use in connection with claims to land resulting from 60 years adverse possession for use by officers of the Department, applicants for land and their solicitors or other representatives. This has resulted in more rapid and efficient dealings with this type of application. Authority for the disposal of land in Provincial Forests was extended to include certain forms of recreational land use. Policy procedure was laid down under Sections 26 and 27 of The Public Lands Act to provide for uniformity of action and to ensure that all occupants of land are fully informed of their position and the reason why continued occupation is illegal. Arrangements were concluded with the Department of Highways to clarify the responsibility of both Departments with respect to the erection of signs on public land adjacent to highways. Provision was made for the establishment of subdivision control areas under Section 15(2) of The Public Lands Act; for the sale and patent of public land for school and church purposes, and for the leasing of land to municipalities for muni- cipal park purposes at reasonable cost. In connection with land inspections, more accurate and detailed supporting data are being required in the fixing of land and timber values. Summer resort lands, both private and commercial, continued to be in steady demand. The Department opened up a number of new lakes and provided addi- tional sites on others. Careful planning of total recreational facilities was strongly emphasized and the programme was designed to provide a balanced land use in any given area. The ground work was laid for completing lake by lake studies with a view to allocating cottage sites, areas of scenic beauty, picnic sites, public re- serves, etc., prior to opening the lake. Inspection of land covered by old sales and locations was accelerated with a view to closing out the files by issuing patent or effecting cancellation. A block of land at MacDiarmid was transferred to the Federal Government for the use of local Indians. The programme of designating as Crown reserves areas of public land for general public use. Departmental tower sites, reforestation and seed collection was continued. Policy was established providing for the sale of land on highways leased for 160 commercial purposes after a lease has been in effect for five years. For the first time a commercial highway location was offered for lease by public auction and with very favourable result. Land disposition under The Ontario-Dominion Agreement was extended to 1968 by an amendment to The Veterans' Land Act (Dominion). There were no new agreements entered into. Four small holdings and three agricultural trans- actions were concluded. The graphs and tables forming part of this section show the total number of all sales, assignments and cancellations made, and leases, licences of occupation and land use permits issued. ENGINEERING SECTION Buildings or Service Improvements A wide variety of buildings, renovations or service improvements totalling 38 projects were completed throughout the province, the more notable being a new tree seed extraction plant constructed at Angus and a new sewage treatment plant constructed at Maple. Other construction was carried on in the Gogama, Lake Erie, Sudbury, Lindsay and Tweed Districts. Water Resources APPROVAL OF DAMS The approval of 36 dams for construction in the fiscal year April 1, 1962, to March 31, 1963, required the examination of 65 plans. The approval of 1 navigation channel, 1 channel improvement project and 1 bridge and causeway involved the examination of 3 further plans. LICENCES OF OCCUPATION Four licences of occupation were cancelled during the year, the licensees having no further use for the dams. Two further licences of occupation will be cancelled in the current year, in order that the lands may be covered by a new licence of occupation to issue. WATER POWER LEASE AGREEMENTS Water Power Lease Agreement No. 63 was issued to The Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario for Red Rock Falls Generating Station on the Mis- sissagi River, in the District of Algoma. Water Power Lease Agreement No. 64 was issued to The Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario for Silver Falls Generating Station on the Kaminis- tikwia River, in the District of Thunder Bay. Water Power Lease Agreement No. 65 issued to Great Lakes Power Corpo- ration, Limited, to amend Water Power Lease Agreement No. 18 in respect of Summer Resort Location J.C. 376. Water Power Lease Agreement No. 66 issued to The Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario to amend Water Power Lease Agreement No. 3 1 in respect of additional lands required by the Commission at Hound Chute. Water Power Lease Agreement No. 61, in the name of The Algoma Steel Corporation, Limited, for Water Power Location K.G. 5 at Steephill Falls, was amended in respect of the North Limit of Location K.G. 5. 161 162 FIELD INSPECTIONS 16 field trips were made to inspect the condition of dams, investigate com- plaints in regard to water levels and to attend meetings to discuss the operation of dams. DAM RECONSTRUCTION The reconstruction of 10 dams was recommended to the Department of Public Works, continuing the programme of re-building abandoned logging dams in the interests of forest protection, conservation and fish and wildlife propagation. Assistance was given the I^iblic Works engineers in determining a satisfactory regu- lated water level and obtaining stream flow and historical data useful in designing the new dams. Seven projects were completed during the year and 3 partially completed, which will be finished in 1963. The operation of the completed dams becomes the responsibility of the Department of Lands and Forests. In addition, 2 repair projects were completed by the Department of Public Works and turned over to the Department of Lands and Forests for operation. Hatcheries - Design and Construction At the Chatsworth fish hatchery and trout rearing station, the second phase of reconstruction was completed by the Department of Public Works, and the out- door rearing station is now ready for full-scale operation. The facilities include fourteen, 25-foot diameter, reinforced-concrete, circular rearing ponds; twenty, 50- foot, reinforced-concrete raceways; four large, lined, earth ponds and two display ponds required for holding stocks of various fish species for exhibitions. A further small project is required for final grading, surface drainage, landscaping, road sur- facing and completion of outdoor illumination. Preliminary planning including field investigations was undertaken for the proposed reconstruction of the Normandale (Walsh) fish hatchery and trout rearing station. Twenty new plywood hatchery troughs were constructed and installed by the District staff in the temporary hatchery building at the White Lake bass ponds, to replace the old troughs which had previously been discarded from another hatchery. Preliminary planning and field work were commenced for the proposed con- version of the former Mount Pleasant hatchery site into a public fishing area. A feasibility study was commenced for a proposal to develop the Rondeau marsh as a habitat for waterfowl, and another study is in progress regarding jx)s- sible utilization of the Crown land area in the Holland marsh. LAND USE PLANNING SECTION Land use planning in the Department of Lands and Forests has been de- scribed as the planning for the best management of the renewable natural resources of the province, excepting agriculture; and even here a close relationship must of necessity exist since there is a close relationship between the management of the land for the production of agricultural products and the other renewable natural resources. The other renewable natural resources are the timber products, fish and wildlife, and, what strictly speaking may not be called a resource but rather a manipulation of the other resources for man's use — recreation. It is the purpose of the Land Use Planning Section to guide the field offices and main office in a concerted effort to produce the best over-all management plans 163 which will not only provide for the very best possible management of each resource but will also take into consideration the need for co-operation and integration of the management plans for all uses, LAND USE PLANS A great deal of progress has been achieved in the districts in the preparation of their land use plans. Discussions were held with the districts in the field and the way was cleared for the actual submission of plans by most of the districts. The technical basis for the land use plan is the site classification evolved by the Research Branch, which permits a recommended use capability map being made according to the actual capability of the soil to produce the different prod- ucts of the land. Progress is being made in this work by the Research Branch but there are areas yet that have not been mapped. In such areas the work is pro- ceeding, using the best information available. PRIVATE LANDS LIAISON COMMITTEE This is an interdepartmental committee appointed by order-in-council, con- sisting of three members of the Department of Agriculture and three members of the Department of Lands and Forests, of which the Supervisor of the Land Use Planning Section is the chairman. One of the problems in land use planning in Southern Ontario is that of determining the amount and location of agricultural land which will be needed for agricultural use and what should be channeled into other uses. This is particularly necessary in planning for timber production since land planted up with trees at considerable cost, is necessarily dedicated to tree production until at least the maturity of the crop, (at least 40-50 years) or the effort put into tree planting is wasted. While some such waste is unavoidable, proper planning should reduce this to a minimum. The committee arranged for collaboration between the Department of Agriculture, particularly the Soils De- partment of the Ontario Agricultural College, and the site section of the Research Branch of the Department of Lands and Forests with a view to deciding upon a common classification. This is now under advisement. RECREATIONAL LAND USE PLANNING The revised instructions issued last year to the districts has resulted in a clearer conception of the zoning aspects of the plans and has provided a more uniform classification across the province. Each district plan was reviewed at Main Office and a certificate signed by the Minister giving each plan legal status under the Public Lands Act. A meeting of the District Advisory Committee on Recreational Land Use Planning was held during the year, in each district north of, and including, Pem- broke and Parry Sound Districts. The Recreational Land Use Plan will eventually form a part of the Land Use Plan of each district when the first plan is submitted. Wilderness Areas During the year there was no new wilderness area set aside. The Nature Re- serves which are proposed for establishment under the Wilderness Areas Act are under process of being established. Reports will be made on them during 1963 and then they will be set aside by regulation. Progress is being made on the establishment of a twelve hundred square mile wilderness area north of Lake Superior known as the Pukaskwa. This will con- stitute an important addition to the area set aside as wilderness in Ontario. 164 en - °^ uj 2 > > (/) Z UJ UJ o < UJ q: UJ < CL ro UJ CD X • J- CVJ q: — o u. o Ul < ^1- in UJ ro _j in •s 0^ 1^ 2 O o UJ q: < a. UJ oc Q. ro X o < 2 e> o UJ < UJ >- < o CO u. 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"" 1 a in i5 CO lasmE in 1 [ n P 1 in 1 ^r go: CD ^^ — < c c c c c c u f u 3 C S C 3 C ■) C 3 f c c c c c u 5" ■) ■T c c c c c c 3 ■5" c o O c c c c c c o 5 :> :> S J c E c c u 5 > c c c c c c > c E c c tr 5- '6'H - AilOVdVO a311VlSNI 1ViOi 170 AGRICULTURAL LAND The fiscal year ending March 3ls+, 1963 Admin istrati ve Sales Cancellations Assigmments Patents District No. Acres No. Acres No. Acres No. Acres Cochrane 1 16.00 2 187.00 7 545.32 Fort Frances 3 416.75 Kapuskasing 17 1356.97 1 48.00 18 1707.68 Kenora 3 470.50 5 517.&1 Lake Simcoe 1 5.00 Lindsay- 1 100.00 North Bay 2 250.00 Parry Sound 2 90.00 Pembroke 1 100.00 Port Arthur 15 1982.00 27 3932.44 Sault Ste. Marie 1 74.00 Sioux Lookout 1 155.00 Sudbury 2 160.25 4 499.75 1 160.00 11 1204.666 Swastika 1 72.00 13 1021.75 3 237.50 6 463.29 Tweed 1 36.00 3 300.00 Totals 5 284.25 59 5867.97 5 445.50 84 9511.956 SUMMER RESORT The fiscal year ending March 31st, 1963 Administrative Sales Cancellations Assignments Patents District No. Acres No. Acres No. Acres No. Acres Chapleau 2 2.01 5 5.73 Cochrane 19 11.831 20 11.947 Fort Frances 46 43.78 45 48.98 Geraldton 3 6.34 8 10.19 Gogama 2 6.88 5 13.27 Kapuskasing 14 12.723 2 .50 13 13.742 Kenora 134 144.626 4 4.06 1 .87 143 156.372 Lake Erie 12 3.581 8 1.961 Lake Simcoe 38 32.369 1 .746 2 1.47 44 41.119 Lindsay 155 88.663 1 .54 1 .60 186 120.177 North Bay 47 45.01 3 2.85 79 79.16 Parry Sound 291 284.716 8 10.262 4 3.38 382 404.300 Pembroke 25 27.73 31 35.461 Port Arthur 25 24.972 1 .76 1 1.50 60 71.102 Sault Ste. Marie 33 33.120 2 2.56 61 94.673 Sioux Lookout 14 43.47 2 2.129 14 41.58 Sudbury 138 123.987 2 3.76 171 192.259 Swastika 12 7.107 15 12.026 Tweed 107 112.682 1 .91 104 116.479 White River 14 12.65 24 23.59 Totals 1131 1068.247 25 28.577 11 8.32 1418 1494.118 171 LAND FOR SPECIAL USE The fiscal year ending March 31st, 1963 Administrative Sales Cancellations ] Patents Quit Claim Deeds District No. Acres No. Acres No. Acres No. Acres Chapleau 1 3.04 1 3.04 Cochrane 3 7.747 2 3.04 Fort Frances 5 163.68 5 165.58 Geraldton 4 341.41 6 999.08 Gogama 1 .46 1 .11 Kapuskasing 4 22.072 9 105.102 Kemptville 2 269.22 3 171.00 Kenora 12 60.484 19 66.953 Lake Erie 1 .009 3 1.085 2 61.64 Lake Huron 2 150.00 Lake Simcoe 7 5.573 5 7.748 1 5.53 Lindsay 1 12.9 4 15.98 North Bay 6 10.146 5 14.246 Parry Sound 8 20.908 11 150.355 1 1.00 Pembroke 3 187.33 6 289.134 1 50.00 Port Arthur 5 659.068 9 769.327 Sault Ste. Marie ', 5 65.42 3 55.04 Sioux Lookout 4 4.12 1 0.46 5 5.94 Sudbury 9 176.956 1 79.75 17 414.435 Swastika 3 4.23 7 54.477 Tweed 16 778.339 1 100.00 22 1405.75 13 948.0267 White River 2 3.50 4 67.47 Totals 100 2527.392 3 180.21 146 4863.112 23 1387.1967 CITIES, TOWNS AND TOWNPLOTS The fiscal year ending March 3lsf, 1963 Quit Administrative Sales Cancellations Assignments Patents Claim Deeds District No. Acres No. Acres No. Acres No. Acres No. Acres Chapleau 2 .21 2 .21 Cochrane 1 .10 1 .084 4 .718 Geraldton 8 1.356 17 3.31 4 2.011 14 4.276 Gogama 7 1.81 1 .22 7 1.63 Kapuskasing 13 2.799 3 .638 16 11.462 Kemptville 1 .63 Kenora 4 .814 3 .284 Lake Erie 2 .154 Lake Huron 1 .461 3 26.55 North Bay 1 .19 Parry Sound 1 .8 Pembroke 4 14.57 4 3.965 Port Arthur 1 .2 Sault Ste. Marie 1 1.01 1 1.5 Sioux Lookout 8 3.10 2 .66 1 .46 16 5.49 Sudbury 5 .732 1 .11 1 .11 6 .922 Swastika 6 1.610 4 .95 11 2.979 Tweed 1 .17 White River 18 3.94 2 .33 1 .22 11 2.15 1 .11 Total 77 31.941 31 6.318 8 2.885 99 36.547 7 28.314 172 FREE GRANT LAND RETURNED SOLDIERS AND SAILORS The fiscal year ending March 3ls+, 1963 Administrative Cancellations District No. Acres Kapuskasing 2 Kenora Pembroke Port Arthur 1 Sault Ste. Marie 1 Sudbury 1 Swastika 3 Toitiais 8 Patents No. Acres 150.00 158.00 100.00 159.00 395.25 2 234.05 1 100.00 1 80.00 1 74.00 161.50 962.25 649.55 FREE GRANT LAND The fiscal year ending March 31st, 1963 Administrative Cancellations District No. Acres Kapuskasing Ken'ora Parry Sound 49 Port Arthur 6 Sudbury 2 No. Patents Acres 4876.50 798.00 317.50 1 4 10 152.00 502.6667 980.00 Swastika Tweed " 9 1024.50 1 8 157.00 1498.00 Totals 66 7016.50 24 3289.6667 PATENTS OFFICE Statement of Patents, etc., issued during the year ending March Slst, 1963. Public Land Patents 1502 Free Grant Patents 24 Free Grant Patents Soldiers & Sailors 6 Patents & Transfers (Town Lots) 106 Miscellaneous Documents 169 Release of Pine 10 1817 Crown Leases -■ 40 Algonquin Park Leases 6 Rondeau Park Leases 5 Water Power Lease Agreements 5 56 Licenses of Occupation 47 47 Licenses of Occupation Cancelled 79 Crown Leases Cancelled 31 110 173 H^ 1. 2 CM Q. < E o 3 to CO a: LU Ill CO z < 5^ ffl z M ^ en ■< X 'i •sz B < V ■a <-i «o ^ 1-1 a» r^ t- w o »-< tfo w ^ CO M '^ CO i-H rH.-(rH^ .H»-li-l M U> 5 to -fl" lO O 00 CO O to 05 rt M -^ a> t~ 00 00 cq --< «o .-( -H eo w iM 1-1 O £J (N O 00 00 lO cq eo (M tc ^ JO M OlOOOCOh-MOOOOOk^ (Mt^OlOC^CiO-^i^i-IOlOCO ' iO O U3 -"t l^ Cq (M .H t- O t- M 00 00 M rH 05 •* •H CO-^J*00i-(Cf3 O »0 W t- IC L^ I.O l- o o o o »^ lis lO lO o o Cqo 010»0<3N (MNt-C^ -H 00 W CO i(3 ® !M ro 1-1 —I ^ » 1-1 C^ r^ N CO (M ^ t- >o OS © ^ 50 -H O -H OOOOOOOOOOOO 01<10COCON«Co6i-<-^50 i-(mciD00(MC^t^^HrHCO»-( N O lO C- (M CO '_0 i-< OO N ■* ft O o o o o o o o o rH »H O ep iO o> to CO O CO 1^ L- ■»)i CO ■* l^ 00 CO «o C^J Ol ?o CO r^ OS o ^H 1.H tc »5 in e» o iM o o t- o o o rt CO M rH »H CO C^ r-t o e «J ^' eg 1.0 ^ S 0 OS (^ OD ^ <:5ooooooooooo OOOOOOtr-OOOOO CO -^ »o ,-H o t- ■^ 59 « 1-H r- -* t- I- « 'tti'-*o "^ t- r- Qp -!}< c^ ot .-H r- § e a * oi £ ii g ^ •§ S 9 J5 ^ S 2 « 5 3 & c« w W >^ >.« w aj Si -i 5 ^l ^ X 5 6 5oii)pcS«4'iSc8c«.-^eSa)aci.2 3?^5 174 CO Q_ CO o en z 2 Ul o o < llJ _l =!^ CO CO en o CD en fo < CD o UJ (r < LiJ >- < o SNOIlOVSNVdl JO d3aiAinN 175 UJ LU UJ cc en UJ cn cn o- CC£ 2 *"^" UJ O 1 ^ — h- o: o .^^ o -^ oo 00000 00000 eo m cvi o> U) 000000 OOOOOo oooooo 00000 loor-t — co»n in o cr <: ^ o a? en e> ^ Q Z LU en IT) CC <: LU >- oo _J lO la was added to the Act to require licensing of guides in areas prescribed by the regulations. Also re-introduced into the Act was the prin- ciple of non-residents being required to be accompanied by a guide while hunting deer or moose in prescribed areas. An amendment was made to section 42 to permit the trapping of black bear under terms and conditions prescribed by the regulations. Paragraph 15 of section 83 was amended to include lands in respect of which management agreements have been entered into. Paragraph 22a of section 83 will provide for regulations prescribing the times during which and the terms and con- ditions on which black bear may be trapped. Powers to make regulations respecting the licensing of guides have been added to section 84. THE GRAND RIVER CONSERVATION AMENDMENT ACT. 1962-63 Subsection 3 was added to section 28 of The Grand River Conservation Act, 1938, to make it clear that tenants of commission lands are liable to taxation for municipal purposes. THE LAKES AND RIVERS IMPROVEMENT AMENDMENT ACT. 1962-63 Section 9 of The Lakes and Rivers Improvement Act was repealed and two new sections substituted in lieu thereof. These two sections require separate ap- proval of the location of a dam and of the plans and specifications of a dam. The new sections provide for the procedures to be followed by an applicant for either approval. New section 9a provides that under certain circumstances the Minister may appoint an officer to be in charge of a lake or river or works or improvements thereon and to regulate the use of the lake, river, works or improvements in such manner as seems best calculated to afford persons having conflicting interests on the land or river a fair and reasonable use of the water. The section also authorizes the Department to repair, reconstruct or remove dams where the owner refuses to do so after a Minister's Order. Subsection 1 of section 1 1 was amended to conform with the changes made in section 9. Section 22^ was added to the Act to authorize the Minister, an engineer and all officers, servants or agents to enter lands and premises other than private dwell- ings, stores, storehouses, offices or farm buildings in the performance of their duties under the Act. Section 26 was amended to require all persons floating timber down a lake or river to keep the timber under control and to recover and remove from the lake or river any timber that drifts out of control or causes an obstruction or hazard. In addition, provision was made for the removal of such timber at the expense of the owner. THE PARKS ASSISTANCE AMENDMENT ACT. 1962-63 Section 1 of The Parks Assistance Act was amended by adding a definition of the word "municipality", which new definition includes a Band under the Indian 186 Act (Canada) that is permitted to control, manage and expend its revenue monies under section 68 of that Act. THE PROVINCIAL PARKS AMENDMENT ACT, 1962-63 Subsection 1 of section 11 of The Provincial Parks Act was amended to permit the district forester or superintendent in charge of a provincial park to open or close to travel any portage in the provincial park. THE PUBLIC LANDS AMENDMENT ACT, 1962-63 Section 61b was added to The Public Lands Act. Subsection 1 provides that unless the Minister otherwise directs, every patent, lease or licence of occupation issued under this Act shall contain a provision to the effect that the surface rights in any public or colonization road or any highway crossing the land granted, leased or licensed, are exempt therefrom. Subsection 2 provides that every patent, lease or licence of occupation issued under the Act shall reserve to the Crown such per- centage, if any, of the surface rights of the land as the Minister deems necessary for road purposes. Subsection 3 provides that where there were reservations of percentages for road purposes and the rights have not been exercised before the 1st day of May, 1963, the reservation shall be deemed to be a reservation of the surface rights only. Effective Dates With the exception of The Conservation Authorities Amendment Act, 1962- 63, The Game and Fish Amendment Act, 1962-63 and The Grand River Conser- vation Amendment Act, 1962-63, the Statutes came into force on Royal Assent. With the exception of The Parks Assistance Amendment Act, 1962-63 and The Lakes and Rivers Improvement Amendment Act, 1962-63, which received Royal A^ssent on December 20th, 1962, the date of Royal Assent was April 26th, 1963. Fxcept the amendment to section 35 of The Conservation Authorities Act, The Conservation Authorities Amendment Act, 1962-63, came into effect on April 26th, 1963. The exception was deemed to come into force on January 1st, 1963. The amendment to The Grand River Conservation Act, 1938, came into force on January 1st, 1963. The Game and Fish Amendment Act, 1962-63, came into force on Proclamation. By a Proclamation dated May 30th, 1963, this Act and The Game and Fish Act, 1961-62, were proclaimed as of the 1st day of June, 1963. REGULATIONS 44 regulations made under the authority of the Statutes administered by the Department of Lands and Forests were approved and filed during the fiscal year from April 1st, 1962 to March 31st, 1963. The following are the regulations which were approved and filed: The Conservation Authorities Act O.Reg. 80/62 — New — Fill — Grand Valley Conservation Authority O.Reg. 95/62 — New — Fill — Sydenham Valley Conservation Authority O.R«g. 96/62 — New — Fill — MaJtitagami Valley Conservation Authority 187 O.Reg. 166/62 — New O.Reg. 255/62 — New O.Reg. 294/62 — Revokes and replaces O.Reg. 96/62 O.Reg. 313/62 — Revokes and replaces O.Reg. 95/62 O.Reg. 323/62 — New O.Reg. 338/62 — New O.Reg. 339/62 — Revokes and replaces O.Reg. 137/61 O.Reg. 62/63 — New Conservation Areas — Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority Conservation Areas — Big Creek Region Conservation Authority Fill — Matfcagami Valley Conservaition Authority Fill — Sydenham Valley Conservation Authority Fill — Sixteen- Mile Creek Conservaition Authority Conservation Areas — Grand Valley Conservation Authority Fill — Moira River Conservation Auithority ■ Fill — Junction Creek Conservation Authority The Game and Fisheries Act O.Reg. 87/62 — Amending Reg. 204 of R.R.O. 1960 O.Reg. 105/62 — Amending Reg. 204 of R.R.O. 1960 O.Reg. 131/62 — Amending O.Reg. 87/62 — Fish Sanetuiaries — Waters Set Apart — Fish Sanctuaries — Waters Set Apart — Red Bay of Lake Huron Fish Sanctuary — Waters Set Apiart O.Reg. 132/62 — Amending O.Reg. 264/61 — Hunting Licences — Deletion of Deer and Moose Skin Shipping Coupon from Resident Hunting Licences O.Reg. 133/62 — New and Revokes — Open Seasons — Deer, Moose, and Griame Birds O.Reg. 134/62 O.Reg. 165/62- O.Reg. 176/62 O.Reg. 204/62 O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. O.Reg. 222/62 • 233/62- 234/62 • 235/62- New and Revokes O.Regs. 234/61, 242/61, 243/61, 271/61, 280/61, 300/61 -New Amending O.Reg. 133/62 Revokes and replaces O.Regs. 237/61, 262/61 Revokes Schedules 28, 35 & 56 to Reg. 188 of R.R.O. 1960 • New Amending O.Reg. 133/62 -New •Amending O.Reg. 133/62 242/62 — Amending O.Reg. 237/61 254/62 256/62 257/62 Revokes and replaces O.Reg. 320/61 Amending O.Reg. 322/61 Amending Reg. 188 of R.R.O. 1960 258/62 — Amending O.Reg. 222/62 259/62 — Revokes and replaces O.Reg. 321/62 272/62 — Amending O.Reg. 133/62 285/62— Amending O.Reg. 352/61 292/62 — Amending O.Reg. 133/62 295/62 — Amending O.Reg. 176/62 300/62 — Amending Reg. 204 of R.R.O. 1960 65/63 — Amending Reg. 188 of R.R.O. 1960 66/63 — Amending Reg. 189 of R.R.O. 1960 Open Season — Black Bear Open Season — Deer on Griffiths Island and Main Duck Island Open Seasons — Fur-bearing Animals Crown Game Preserves — Sale of Bass and Trout — Open Seasons — Deer, Moose, Par*tridge and Phejasant — Open Season — Bobwhite Quail — Open Seasons — Deer, Moose, Partridge and Pheasant — Open Seasons — Fur-bearing Animals — Hunting in Lake Superior Provincial Park — Hunting in Provincial Parks — Holi- day Beach, Presqu'ile and Rondeau — Conroy Marsh Crown Game Preserve — Sale of Bass and Trout — Hunting on Crown Lands — Open Seasons — Deer, Moose, Partridge and Pheasant — Hunting on Crown Lands — town- ships of Bruton and Clyde — Open Seasons — Deer, Moose, Partridge and Pheasant — Open Seasons — Fur-bearing Animals — Fish Sanctuaries — Waters Set Apart — Crown Game Preserves — Annual Commercial Fishing Report 188 The Provincial Land Tax Act, 1961-62 O.Reg. 343/62 — Revokes and replaces Reg. 497 of R.R.O. 1960 The Provincial Parks Act O.Reg. 99/62 — New O.Reg. 123/62 — Amending Reg, 499 of R.R.O. 1960 O.Reg. 73/63 — Amending Reg. 498 of R.R.O. 1960 The Public Lands Act O.Reg. 84/62 — New O.Reg. 85/62 — New O.Reg. 90/62 — New Rate of Tax, Costs and Exemptions Guides in Quetico Provincial Park General Addition of Galipo Lake and Upper Redstone Lake to Algonquin Provincial Park Restricted Area — District of Coch- rane — townships of O'Brien, Owens, eltc. Restricted Area — District of Timiskaming — townships of Boston, Leibel, etc. Restricted Area — District of Thunder Bay (Mining Claims) ORDERS - IN - COUNCIL Recommended by the Minister of Lands and Forests During the Year 1962-63 1194/62 1196/62 1197/62 1198/62 1202/62 1325/62 1326/62 1336/62 1338/62 1344/62 1481/62 1492/62 THE CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES ACT Numbers of Orders-in-Council 1580/62 1676/62 1713/62 1720/62 1721/62 1830/62 1832/62 2040/62 2142/62 2196/62 2497/62 2598/62 2746/62 2747/62 2748/62 2752/62 2753/62 2755/62 2760/62 2761/62 2767/62 3158/62 3191/62 3970/62 4027/62 4200/62 254/63 320/63 342/63 347/63 481/63 677/63 752/63 832/63 189 THE CROWN TIMBER ACT Numbers of Orders-in-Council 1132/62; 1211/62; 1226/62; 1229/62; 1303/62; 1362/62; 1380/62; 1392/62; 1491/62; 1561/62; 1562/62; 1563/62; 1587/62; 1626/62; 1629/62; 1694/62; 1763/62; 1764/62; 1765/62; 1867/62; 1869/62; 1870/62; 2005/62; 2085/62; 2086/62; 2089/62; 2123/62; 2124/62; 2174/62; 2187/62; 2335/62; 2336/62; 2337/62; 2338/62 2345/62 2346/62 2403/62 2498/62 2499/62 2502/62 2503/62 2681/62 2684/62 2685/62 2686/62 2687/62 2688/62 2714/62 2850/62 2974/62 2975/62 2987/62 2988/62 2992/62 3023/62 3181/62 3185/62 3186/62 3187/62 3188/62 3189/62 3190/62 3235/62 3236/62 3410/62 3411/62 3412/62 3413/62 3414/62 3415/62 3417/62 3419/62 3420/62 3421/62 3422/62 3423/62 3428/62 3429/62 3445/62 3483/62 3484/62 3485/62 3486/62 3573/62 3574/62 3626/62 3635/62 3639/62 3644/62 3647/62 3919/62 3920/62 3921/62 3922/62 3923/62 4028/62 4029/62 4030/62 4119/62 4120/62; 4201/62; 4^02/62; -^9/62; 4220/62; 30/63; 63/63; 64/63; 81/63; 118/63; 249/63; 251/63; 252/63; 321/63; 322/63; 323/63; 398/63; 399/63; 400/63; 402/63; 403/63; 531/63; 538/63; 539/63; 547/63; 577/63; 589/63; 656/63; 754/63; 786/63; 787/63; 788/63; THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL ACT 1352/62; 2088/62; 3177/62; Numbers of Orders-in-Council 2208/62 2497/62 3212/62 3758/62 14/63 221/63 899/63; THE GAME AND FISHERIES ACT 1848/62; 1849/62; 1883/62; 2125/62; 2680/62: Numbers of Orders-in-Council 2821/62 2989/62 2996/62 2997/62 3182/62 3192/62 3237/62 3255/62 3262/62 3380/62 3416/62; 3537/62; 726/63; 753/63; 190 1298/62; THE LAKES AND RIVERS IMPROVEMENT ACT Numbers of Orders-in-Council 1934/62; THE LAKE OF THE WOODS CONTROL BOARD ACT Numbers of Orders-in-Council 4203/62; 2599/62; MISCELLANEOUS Numbers of Orders-in-Council 3446/62; 3783/62; 2404/62; THE MUNICIPAL ACT Numbers of Orders-in-Council 2766/62; 2994/62; 3189/62; 1337/62; 1831/62; 2041/62; 2044/62; 2048/62; THE PARKS ASSISTANCE ACT Numbers of Orders-in-Council 2245/62 2246/62 2700/62 2707/62 2708/62 2754/62; 2831/62; 2835/62; 655/63; 657/63; 658/63; 659/63; 831/63; 4195/62; THE PROVINCIAL LAND TAX ACT, 1961-62 Numbers of Orders-in-Council 1480/62; THE PROVINCIAL PARKS ACT Numbers of Orders-in-Council 1693/62; 900/63; 191 THE PUBLIC LANDS ACT Numbers of Order s-in-Council 1131/62 ; 2210/62 ; 3201/62 1220/62 2211/62 ; 3450/62 1223/62 2214/62 3451/62 1227/62 2504/62 3645/62 1297/62 2600/62 3651/62 1304/62 2763/62 3652/62 1305/62 2774/62 3832/62 1373/62 2841/62 3916/62 1403/62 2851/62 3924/62 1482/62 2985/62 3926/62 1483/62 2986/62 3927/62 1493/62 2995/62 3928/62 1630/62 3013/62, 4031/62 2207/62 3189/62 4032/62 4033/62 34/63 234/63 250/63 253/63 471/63 474/63 537/63 587/63 751/63 789/63 859/63 1776/62; 1934/62; THE PUBLIC SERVICE ACT Numbers of Orders-in-Council 2832/62; 4203/62; 4065/62; Total number of Orders-in-Council — 297 (Orders-in-Oounoil passed under tiwo statutes are shown in both lists). FEDERAL - PROVINCIAL CO-OPERATIVE AGREEMENT Forest Reasearch By an agreement dated the 31st day of January, 1963, between Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Forestry and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Ontario, as represented by the Minister of Lands and Forests and the Minister of Public Works, agreements between Canada and Ontario dated the 30th day of September, 1952 and the 29th day of January, 1959, were replaced and superseded as of the 31st day of March, 1963. Under the new agreement Ontario agreed to continue to provide for the use of Canada the Forest Insect Laboratory at Sault Ste. Marie and the Laboratory of Forest Pathology at the Southern Research Station of the Department of Lands and Forests for the purpose of conducting forest research studies. The agreement provides that no new buildings or extensions shall be provided for the purpose of the agreement without the approval of the appropriate provincial authorities and unless the monies are appropriated by the Legislature of the Province of Ontario. Ontario agreed to provide heat and be responsible for the maintenance repairs of the buildings at the laboratories and to provide water required for sanitary and laboratory purposes at the Laboratory of Forest Pathology at the Southern Re- search Station. Canada agreed to provide all other services required for the oper- ation of the laboratories. Canada also agreed to supply, instal, maintain and repair in the laboratories all equipment which in the opinion of Canada was necessary for the purposes of the agreement. Canada agreed to conduct forest research studies and to give preference to 192 studies that are of interest to Ontario as recommended by an advisory committee and to supply and administer the staff required including the payment of salaries, expenses and costs relating to the employment and activities of such staff. Canada agreed to make the results of the studies available to Ontario, to publish such results as Canada deems appropriate and to comply with any reason- able requests from Ontario for advice and assistance. Ontario agreed, where deemed advisable, to utilize the results therefrom and relieve Canada of any re- sponsibility in respect of any steps taken by Ontario in implementing results of the studies or the advice or assistance. The agreement provides for an advisory committee of ten members who hold ofl&ce during pleasure. Five are appointed by the Minister of Forestry and five are appointed by the Minister of Lands and Forests. A quorum consists of the pre- siding officer, the chairman or vice-chairman, and six other members. In addition there must be at least three of the members appointed by Canada and three members appointed by Ontario. This committee shall meet annually. The agree- ment provides for the appointment of a chairman and vice-chairman and the calling and conduct of meetings. It also provides that it is the duty of the committee, (a) to receive reports of studies conducted by either party and the results obtained therefrom; (b) to make recommendations relating to further studies and publications; (c) to recommend pilot experiments and test procedures, in co-operation with the Department of Lands and Forests (Ontario), to supplement laboratory and field studies carried out under the agreement; and (d) to formulate recommendations respecting operating practices upon completion of experiments and tests. The agreement is subject to review and revision as may be agreed upK)n and provides that the accommodation provided by Ontario shall remain the property of Ontario and all equipment supplied or installed by Canada shall be deemed not to become fixtures but to remain the property of Canada. 193 Mdren's fm mmi School children wait their turn to compete in the Lands and Forests poster contest at the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto. X A staff photographer making motion pictures of beaver trapping in Kapuskasing Forest District. 194 OPERATIONS BRANCH IN THE fiscal year under survey, Operations Branch was composed of four sections: Office Management Section, Central Supply Warehouse Section, Con- servation Information Section and Conservation Education Section. Office Management Section directs most of the purchasing for the Department, generally, including all pertinent aspects such as tenders, quotations, current cata- logue prices and the study of ever-changing products. The Section is responsible for the inventory and control of office furniture and equipment, the condition of all office machines of the Department, the processing of all requisitions of station- ery supplies for the Department, the control of supply and demand for uniforms, and the liaison required in the organization of conferences, meetings, etc. Central Supply Warehouse Section is charged with the receipt and mainte- nance of stock, the keeping of stock records, and the supply of equipment. Conservation Information Section issues weekly news and special press re- leases; operates a photograph, slide and cut service; handles a large volume of correspondence and personal enquiries on the use of renewable, natural resources; prepares special articles and background material for outside agencies; prepares and places both display and classified advertisements; maintains a reference library; and publishes more than 100 books, pamphlets and reports for Department use and general distribution. Conservation Education Section is responsible for the production and manage- ment of Departmental displays and exhibits throughout the Province (including the Canadian National Exhibition); for poster contests for school children; for the production of motion picture films dealing with fire control, timber products, fish and wildlife resources and parks; for preparation and delivery of lectures or dis- cussions in schools and camps; and for radio and television broadcasts. OFFICE MANAGEMENT SECTION Purchasing Subsection This Subsection, charged with the procurement of supplies and services for the Department throughout the Province, experienced a widespread activity, cover- ing purchasing and its related aspects as well as other diversified duties. With the transfer of Conservation Authorities Branch to this Department early in 1962, and other internal changes, these activities were intensified. In the period under review, there were received nine-thousand-odd requisitions for supplies and services, which were the basis for the issuance of 4,677 direct purchase orders, 1,924 Queen's Printer stationery orders, 455 Queen's Printer printing orders and 331 Public Works requisitions. In an analysis of work per- formed, the following activities were as prominently noted as heretofore: 195 z u z < ac a < 1/) tl.>. Z E* 0 u^- H -^ < lU a O 23t i-i.- o?S< il4l||°|i = « w ■ ■ 'o g -0 :^=ii||f- = ^§3 ^S S2 =s»^ c:a. . n_-B,.- ■ 5 •!.■£« -S- 3M -I .MZ^J .OS 0„ 5 = 5l< ■' -~ §•* _-2 . as 1^ =^f. ^ xCo oO;= *„^ h(B« uiSS iSSc K2S .§'*£■ ..■ .2 J 2E iSSaS t3^ r« ES>" 196 1. Receipt and recording of all requisitions from Head Office and Regional and District Offices, requiring decision as to what could be supplied from stock and what was to be ordered; 2. Quotation calls, opening of same in committee and recommendations; 3. Investigation and procurement procedures for all purchases, including also directions, preparation of direct purchase orders and requisitions to the Queen's Printer and the Department of Public Works, and expediting of same; 4. Maintenance of inventory control; 5. Liaison between this Department and the Department of PubHc Works for office and other space requirements throughout the Province and for which leases and rentals are arranged and other related matters attended to; 6. Supervision of telephone and lighting demands, moving and other internal and external office requirements; 7. Arrangements for accommodation, travel, conferences, etc; 8. Correspondence, preparation of reports; and 9. Special assignments. Correspondence, telephone and interviewing are media which were employed extensively. This Subsection was on the alert for new items and trends in office equipment and supplies and developments on existing ones. District and Head Offices were kept informed of these matters and their suppliers where it was deemed warranted, and descriptive sheets and catalogues were supplied to the aforementioned offices. Office Management Subsection Office Management Subsection was responsible for office services and the preparation of estimates which included equipment and supplies, stationery and office outfitting, travel, maintenance and operating, payrolls, uniforms, publications and public appeals. 1. The inventory of all major equipment in the Province belonging to the De- partment. This included trucks, cars, boats, canoes, power plants, shop equip- ment, tools, fire hose, outboard motors, office machines, etc. There were some 2,000 power units, including mobile, marine and stationary. 2. Invoices covering all purchases for Head Office and Field Offices were proc- essed in this Subsection as to fair price, confirmation of proper item, and actual receipt of material. The invoices were then coded to proper vote and item and forwarded to Accounts Branch for processing and payment. 3. Circulars and Bulletins. All circulars and bulletins required by the Depart- ment were processed through this Section after they were approved by the Circular Board. This involved the cutting of stencils, the follow-up through the duplicating room, and distribution. All revisions of circulars and bulletins in effect in the Branch were carried through by this Section, including an annual review to publish a list of the circulars and bulletins to be retained in effect. This involved close study and checking with all other Branches as it might affect them. 4 Uniforms. There were approximately 1,500 approved personnel in uniform on the staff of this Department including seasonal Parks staff. A continuous record was kept of each individual's uniform account which was checked against requisitions for uniform items, and requisitions were approved accord- ing to scale of issue. Included in the estimates for the coming fiscal year must be an accurate estimate of funds required for the uniform programme. 197 5. Records. Records pertinent to all Crown Lands of the Province were con- trolled through the Records Office. Assembly, indexing and classifications of all incoming correspondence, compiling of new files and distribution to the offices in which officials required any particular files, were the main responsi- bilities of this office. An average of 425 files were sent out and returned daily. Every new letter pertaining to any of 308,000 files was recorded, sent to the pertinent offices for handling, and finally added to the proper file for record. During the current fiscal year, record files up to and including all plans and surveys to the end of 1917 were microfilmed. 6. Boat Licensing. This Subsection was responsible through the Federal Depart- ment of Transport for the processing of applications for licences for all De- partment boats. Some marine units of the Department required only a licence number, and others required registration showing home port, tonnage, dimen- sions, etc., depending on the specifications of the marine unit in question. Specifications of the boats supplied to this section were used to prepare the necessary applications for licences. 7. Special Assignments. Because of the nature of this work, there was almost a daily demand for services where immediate action and organization were required. CENTRAL SUPPLY WAREHOUSE SECTION The functions of this Section include: — The receipt of stock and its housing and distribution for all branches, regions and districts; The duplicating of various forms, letters, publications and reports, including the design or revision of new forms and reports; The collating and distribution of bulletins, circulars, technical reports, acts, bills, weekly newsletter and other duplicated material; and The receipt and shipment of Fish and Wildlife Licences and Park Vehicle Permits to a large distribution list including District Offices and all licence issuers throughout the Province. UNIFORMS The Department's uniform stockroom is located in this Section. A stock of replacement uniform apparel is carried, and issues are shipped to personnel as authorized by requisition. STOCKROOM In the course of the fiscal year (April 1, 1962 to March 31, 1963), supplies and equipment shipped by the Section amounted to 228 tons, 659 lbs. In the same period, the Section received a total of 298 tons, 1,746 lbs. In addition to internal supply to Department offices in the Toronto area, the Section shipped 34,382 parcels by express, freight, transport and mail. DUPLICATING. COLLATING AND DISTRIBUTION Work in this Subsection was more active and demanding than normal. The .reproduction of forms, reports, booklets, letters, circulars and bulletins is continu- ously being revised; the volume increases approximately ten per cent each year. Distributing and collating were as follows: 198 Information Bulletins 64.490 Circulars 26,245 News Releases 114,400 Extract from Fisihery Reflations 10,300 Lands Tax Act 16,134 Summary of Fishery Reflations 387,857 Fishery Regulations 31,210 Summary of Hunting Regulations 417,565 Land Tax Bills 40,500 Box Covers & Letter 140,287 Miscellaneous Distributions 193,535 Total — 1,442,523 LICENCE ISSUING There were more than thirty types of hunting, angling, trapping, trap-line, guide, frog, dip-net, roll net, and bait fish licences issued to all licence issuers and District Ofiices throughout the Province. The number of licences prepared and checked for mailing and express totalled 1,432,902; they were forwarded on 14,573 invoices to more than 2900 issuers. In addition, 169,000 Provincial Park Annual Vehicle Entrance Permits, 452,600 Daily Permits, 379,250 Camp-Site Permits and 295,200 Fur Seals were distributed by this Subsection. CONSERVATION INFORMATION SECTION The Section disseminates information on the protection and management of the renewable, natural resources under the Department's administration. It works through many media to bring to as many people as possible a better understanding of Lands and Forests policies and conservation principles. NEWS The Lands and Forests news release is mailed every week to all newspapers and all radio and television stations in Ontario. Its circulation of 2,170 includes class magazines, outdoor writers, conservation groups and hunters' and anglers' clubs and associations. It delivers Department news and regulations and informed opinion in a form easily adapted by outside agencies. The use of news release material by outdoor writers and commentators in the United States contributes importantly to Ontario's tourist trade. Professional and public service groups are concerned to secure public notice through the news release's advance listing of conventions and other events of interest to sportsmen, naturalists, conservationists and professions and industries which touch upon Lands and Forests administration. News of more than normal urgency is carried by spot press releases which go directly to important news outlets. CORRESPONDENCE During the past fiscal year, the Section returned 30,300 answers by mail to persons requesting information on such subjects as hunting and fishing regulations, camping facilities, tourist accommodations, summer cottage properties, conserva- tion, and the purchase and planting of forest tree seedlings. Many requests come 199 from students and teachers who asked for information of a scientific nature. In addition, the Section answered numerous requests for information in person and over the telephone. PHOTOGRAPHS The Section loaned approximately 9,000 black-and-white prints to newspapers and magazines during the past fiscal year; it also loaned cuts to publishers and transparencies to lecturers. The Section operates a darkroom and a photograph library which contains approximately 37,000 negatives and 3,700 colour transparencies. Standard 8" X 10" prints are supplied immediately or at short notice. Sets of slides or prints are supplied to illustrate lectures on fish, trees and shrubs. APPEALS Special appeals are prepared for news media to enlist public support of Lands and Forests programmes, principally in forest fire prevention and hunter safety. Special material is prepared and distributed to schools with the approval of the Department of Education. A textbook cover, "Some Ontario Game Birds", was awarded Third Prize in the continent-wide competition concluded at the 1963 annual meeting of the American Association for Conservation Information. During the past fiscal year, 150 advertisements were placed in 63 newspapers to call for tenders on timber cutting, etc. EDITORIAL SERVICE The concentration of conservation messages is increased by services per- formed for outside agencies. Articles are written on request for newspapers and magazines when the subject is related to some aspect of Lands and Forests opera- tions. Background material is prepared on request for outside writers and com- mentators. Speech material is sometimes prepared for Department personnel who are invited to address meetings of sports clubs, conservation groups and service organizations. LIBRARY The Section's reference library contains copies of all Lands and Forests pub- lications and a variety of books, periodicals and press clippings; it includes early reports and legislative journals dating from 1856. Publications Lands and Forests books, booklets, leaflets and folders cover many fields of interest to the general public and to special groups. As new material becomes available, new publications are issued and earlier releases are revised. In the following listing of Lands and Forests publications, * indicates publications issued during the 1962-63 fiscal year. CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES Conservation Authorities Act Conservation Reports Conservation Authorities in Ontario * Conservation Badges 200 FISH AND WILDLIFE Sport Fishes of Ontario (Chart in Colour) $1.00 Guide's Manual $0.25 Fishing in Lake Simcoe $1.00 Ten Commandments of Gun Safety Why Hunter Safety Training? *The Ontario Fishery Regulations * Summary of the Ontario Fisihery Regulations * Extract from the Ontario Fishery Regulations (Poster) * Summary of the Ontario Hunting Regulations * Summary of the Ontario Big Game Hunting Seasons * Summary of the Ontario Regulations which Apply to Trapping and Fur Dealing *Fishes of Ontario $2.50 FOREST PROTECTION Forest Protection in Ontario Wings Over Ontario Operation: Survival in the Woods Early Days *The Forest Fires Prevention Act * Dutch Elm Disease in Ontario LANDS AND SURVEYS Lflsit of Wa.ter Powers $0.75 Lisit of Geographical Townships $0.50 A Second Look at Aerial Surveys Ontario Resources Atlas $1.00 Price List of Lithographed Maps and Plans Summer Resort Lands in Ontario ♦The Public Lands Act LAW Complete Set of 21 Acts Administered by the Department (without binders) $5.00 OPERATIONS Meet the Wildlife of Ontario's Outdoors $0.35 Camping in the Muskoka Region $2.00 How to Survive in the Woods Dictionary of Terms The Birch Bark Canoe Brief Messa.ges A Teacher's Guide to Forest Conservation Common Trees (spruce, white pine, jack pine, yellow birch, sugar maple) Common Birds (Bluebird, Black-capixed Chickadee and White-throated Nuthatch, Flicker, Evening Grosbeak, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Song Sparrow, White-throated Sparrow and Scarlet Tanager) Common Mammals (Beaver, Black Bear, Coyote, Red Fox, Muskrat, Otter, Cottontail Rabbit, Squirrels, Timber Wolf and Woodchuck) ♦Annual Report of the Minister of Lands and Forests Part I — Detailed Part II — Hig'hlights 201 *A Statistical Reference of Lands and Forests Administration •Administrative Branches Chart *List of Publications for Distribution *List of Natural Science Booklets and Their Source * Tower Jack ♦The Pointer Boat *Our Forest Lands and What We Get from Them (Cartoons) ♦Early Days in Haliburton $2.50 PARKS Algonquin Story $2.50 Algonquin Provincial Park Quetico Provincial Park Canoe Routes — Algonquin Canoe Routes — Quetico Check List of Birds — Algonquin Check List of Birds — Rondeau Check List of Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines — Algonquin Check List of Trees, Shrubs and Woody Vines — Rondeiau Check List of Ferns, Fern Allies and Herbaceous Flowering Plants — Algonquin Check List of Ferns, Fern Allies and Herbaceous Flowering Plants — Rondeau Check List of Mammals — Algonquin Check List of Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles — Algonquin A Guide to Anglers in Algonquin Park So You Want to Go Camping? Provincial Parks in Ontario (Can. Geog. Jour.) ♦Provincial Parks of Ontario (revised) ♦Reptiles of Algonquin Park ♦The Provincial Parks Act PERSONNEL ♦Ontario Forest Ranger School (Prospectus) ♦Ontario Forest Ranger School (Information Brochure) ♦Ontario Forest Ranger School Year Book RESEARCH The Glackmeyer Report of Multiple Land-Use Planning $4.00 TIMBER The Farm Woodlot Planning for Tree Planting Care and Planting of Forest Trees Forest Tree Planting The Forest Trees of Ontario $0.60 Hardwood Trees of Ontario $0.50 Fifty Years of Reforestation in Ontario $0.50 The G. Howard Ferguson Forest Station Orono Fore^ Station Midhurst Forest Station Johnny Acorn Says ♦Directory of Primary Wood-Using Industries for Ontario 202 CONSERVATION EDUCATION SECTION Conservation Education Section conducts an educational programme which consists of the type of appeals calculated to attract public interest and explain in easily understandable terms the need for the wise use of renewable, natural resources. Visual Education Head Office Film Library contains 260 titles, with two or more prints of many of the titles. All films are available for loan to Field Offices upon request. During the year, 1,300 films were shipped to Field Offices in answer to requests received. Each District has its own projector and it has access to Regional Film Libraries as well as Head Office Film Library. This Section loaned 16mm motion picture projectors, 35mm projectors, screens and films to the Provincial Parks offering an interpretive programme to the public during the summer months. i6mm FILM Several thousand feet of motion picture film are available and are being used by T.V. outlets throughout the Province. The Section started production of a new film illustrating forest protection. During the year, the following films were added to Head Office and Field Film Libraries: Butterflies, Beetles and Bugs Colour of Life (French) Creatures of the Forest Flower and the Hive High Arctic Introducing Insects Introduction to Forest Fire Behaviour Life in tihe Woodlot Morning on the Lievre Return of the Trees Shore and Water Birds Training of Crew Bosses Trout Stream Wings of the Wild RADIO AND TELEVISION Radio and television stations throughout the Province have been most gen- erous in their donations of free time to the Department, and Districts regularly take advantage of these opf>ortunities to reach the public. In addition to radio pro- grammes, several Districts now conduct regular, live television broadcasts of their own. The Section also supplies Districts with films for use on television, 203 Exhibits Visual conservation appeals are featured in the Department's exhibit at many of the shows and fairs in Ontario. The major exhibits handled through Head Office were as follows: CANADIAN NATIONAL EXHIBITION, TORONTO Many changes were made to our exhibit area this year in the Ontario Govern- ment Building. A working model of a large scale sawmill was a complete success. Other new displays were a very realistic forest fire scene, a portable setting of Snakes of Ontario, and a display of new and some very old survey equipment and maps. Other exhibits featured were Hunter Safety Training, Provincial Parks, native fish, animals and birds, and the Children's Poster Contest. A nature trail was arranged on the mound with cages containing birds and small animals; various species of trees were planted and these were identified by sign cards for the viewing public. The Conservation Poster Contest for elementary school children from sLx to fourteen years of age was held again this year. A Grand Prize of $100.00 was presented for the best poster. First, second and third prizes, in each of three age groups, in amounts of $50.00, $25.00 and $15.00, were awarded. Thirty Honour- able Mentions, ten in each age group, were presented with books. CANADIAN NATIONAL SPORTSMEN'S SHOW, TORONTO This year, our exhibit was enlarged by approximately eight hundred square feet and featured Ontario's game fish and wildlife. Forest Protection, Parks, Hunter Safety Training and small boat safety. The making of canoe paddles and axe handles by an Indian was also featured. CENTRAL CANADA EXHIBITION, OTTAWA A display of timber, methods of woodlot management and the uses of Ontario's woods were the features of the show. Also included were fish, animals and birds of Ontario and a Provincial Parks display. ROYAL AGRICULTURAL WINTER FAIR. TORONTO Our display theme was the growing of trees from seed, with a talk given by our Foresters explaining a tree from seed to sawmill. A display of live animals was included. Full cooperation was given to District Offices participating in sportsmen's shows and agricultural fairs such as the Western Fair at London, the Sun Parlor Sports, Boat and Travel Show at Windsor, North Western Ontario Sportsmen's Show, International Ploughing Match and the Timmins Sportsmen's Show. 204 Lecture Tours Officers of the Department keep in constant touch with the public through fish and game associations, schools, church groups, service clubs and youth organi- zations. Illustrated lectures are given on all aspects of the Department's work. The following table provides a summary of the public lectures delivered by Head Office and Field Staff during the fiscal year. A summary of lecture tours which were carried out by the Ontario Forestry Association during the same period are included in the Department's figures: Region District School Meetings No. Attend. Public Meetings No. Attend. Total No. Attend. Western Fort Frances 5 129 58 4349 63 4478 Kenora 33 2970 52 5196 85 8166 Sioux Lookout 9 1891 19 699 28 2590 Mid- Geraldton 3 176 41 4666 44 4842 Western Port Arthur 15 594 80 7791 95 8385 Northern Cochrane 80 8934 42 1396 122 10330 Kapuskasing 29 4638 46 1575 75 6213 Swastika 1 175 49 2015 50 2190 Central Chapleau 8 1151 16 477 24 1628 Gogama 15 614 23 335 38 949 S.S. Marie 10 609 77 4101 87 4710 Sudbury 8 550 34 2068 42 2618 White River 12 1964 14 865 26 2829 South- North Bay 47 5970 50 2471 97 8441 Central Parry Sound 80 4959 105 10214 185 15173 South- Kemptville 72 5307 154 11748 226 17055 Ea stern Lindsay 45 1914 135 12084 180 13998 Pembroke 6 505 180 28044 186 28549 Tweed 145 6592 148 9343 293 15935 South- Lake Erie 35 2321 278 16025 313 18346 western Lake Huron 26 2059 234 10851 260 12910 Lake Simeoe 87 6766 431 28704 518 35470 Ontario Forestry Association 374 46860 374 46860 TOTALS 771 60788 2640 211877 3411 272665 205 Campers enjoy motion pictures and lectures on natural history in amphitheatre at Lake of Two Rivers, Algonquin Provincial Park. Boy Scouts begin a six-day canoe trip in Algonquin Provincial Park. 206 PARKS BRANCH THHE responsibilities and functions of Parks Branch are as follows: Provision, -'- operation and maintenance of provincial parks as public recreational lands with facilities necessary for uses in keeping with the park environments; Examination of potential park areas; Submission of recommendations regarding potential and proposed provincial park areas to the Ontario Parks Integration Board; Production of detailed master plans for provincial parks; Development of provincial parks in accordance with the master plans; Design and construction of provincial park structures and buildings; Establishment, operation and maintenance of interpretive programmes and exhibits in provincial parks of natural and/or historical significance; and Collection, compilation and assessment of provincial park statistics. In 1962, there were 81 provincial parks, totalling 3,481,158 acres, open for public use. Of these, five provincial parks were maintained without fees being charged. In addition, there were five provincial parks, consisting of 76,145 acres, under development and nine areas, totalling 114,083 acres, reserved for future provincial park development. There were no changes in provincial park fees which consisted of the seasonal vehicle entry permit of $3.00, the daily vehicle entry permit of fifty cents, the boat entry permit of $5.00 for water entry into Quetico Provincial Park, and the daily campsite permit fee of $ 1 .00. Again, an increase in park use was experienced in the 26% visitor increase to 7,820,944 and an increase in the numbers of campers of 23% to 1,063,127. Wilderness campers, using the interior waterways of Algonquin and Quetico Pro- vincial Parks, totalled 46,753, a decrease which is attributed to adverse weather. 207 X z < CO to < a. >> ^ (U o ■3 C at <4-H c^ (U P I-I o pi D C/5 u >^ (U .>; o ♦J C/3 s X (U Pi <■ c 5^ ^ o ^ o Vi 3 Oh > X Deve Sup 208 An appropriation of $1,500,000.00 was made available for the purchase of land for park purposes and the development of existing park areas. The number of camping units was increased this year by 1,794, making a total of 14,319. In addition to these organized camp units, areas totalling 207 acres have been set aside for overnight and overflow campers. An additional 3,887 picnic tables were placed in the 1,864 acres of picnic area in provincial parks, making a total of 24,363 picnic tables available to accommodate picnickers. Additional building facilities included the construction of nine flush type comfort stations, 63 earth pit toilets and seven maintenance buildings. Through the facilities of the Department of Reform Institutions, an additional 2,990 fireplace grills and 150 barbecue griUs were constructed for provincial park use. Complete interpretive programmes of museums, conducted trips, illustrated lectures and labelled trails were continued in Algonquin, Rondeau, Sibley, Presqu'ile and Quetico Provincial Parks. The Sibbald Memorial Museum in Sib- bald Point Provincial Park was again in operation as was the Nancy Island Museum at Wasaga Beach Provincial Park. Labelled trails were continued in Remi Lake and Inverhuron Provincial Parks and one was opened in Kap-Kig-Iwan Provincial Park. A programme of conducted trips, illustrated talks and a labelled trail was continued in Pinery Provincial Park and a programme of conducted trips and eve- ning film presentations was started in Lake Superior Provincial Park. New exhibit centres were established in Serpent Mounds and Inverhuron Provincial Parks to interpret the archaeological investigations held in these areas. These programmes and interpretive facilities, designed to familiarize visitors with the natural features and/or historical backgrounds of these provincial parks were used, this year, by 487,395 park visitors, an increase of 22% over last year's figure of 398,971. In keeping with the multiple-use concept of land use and with full regard for park values and interests, hunting was continued in certain provincial parks. Waterfowl shooting, during the regular open season, was permitted in Rondeau, Presqu'ile and Holiday Beach Provincial Parks on a seasonal permit basis of $4.00 per hunter in each park. At Darlington Provincial Park, 15 blinds were available at a daily rental of $2.00 with a limit of two hunters per blind and the number of shooting days to three per week. During the season, 839 gunners used seasonal permits, while 417 rented blinds to provide a total of 1,256 waterfowl gunners. Pheasant shooting of stocked birds was continued in Sibbald Point, Darlington and Presqu'ile Provincial Parks, with restrictions governing the shooting hours and the number of hunters. During the season, 730 gunners bagged 1,038 birds of 1,271 released in the three parks. The hunting of deer, moose and bear in the Townships of Clyde and Bruton, Algonquin Provincial Park, was continued under a system of regulated hunting camp permits. During the season, 73 permits at $20.00 each represented 534 hunters who took 191 deer, 24 moose and 20 bear. A zone was continued for daily hunters at no charge. In Lake Superior Provincial Park, moose hunting was continued with the addition of a road checking system. This year, 370 park hunters took 34 moose. Winter recreational facilities were again provided in three provincial parks. At Pinery Provincial Park, the installation of a ski lift proved very popular. The ski hill together with toboggan slides and skating rinks drew in excess of 6600 visitors. At Kakabeka Falls Provincial Park, toboggan slides and skating rink pro- vided recreation for 26,410 visitors. At Darlington Provincial Park an estimated 12,000 visitors took advantage of three large skating rinks. Additional use was made of other provincial parks for winter activities, but no official count of visitors was made. 209 Table No. i PROVINCIAL PARKS ESTABLISHED (as of March 31. 1963) Administrative District Name of Park Date Established Lake Erie Clay Creek Holiday Beach Ipperwash John E. Pearce Long Point [ Pinery Rock Point Rondeau Turkey Point Chapleau Five Mile Lake Cochrane Greenwater Kettle Lakes Fort Frances Caliper Lake Quetico Geraldton Klotz Lake _ Blacksand __. Gogama Ivanhoe Lake Kapuskasing Nagagamisis Remi Lake _. Kemptville Silver Lake — South Nation _ Kenora Aaron Blue Lake Rushing River Sioux Narrows Lindsay Darlington Emily Mark S. Burnham Presqu'ile Serpent Mounds _ Lake Simcoe Bass Lake Sibbald Point Six Mile Lake __ - Springwater Wasaga Beach North Bay Marten River Parry Sound Grundy Lake Sturgeon Bay Pembroke Algonquin Port Arthur Arrow Lake Inwood Middle Falls Sibley Sault Ste. Marie Lake Superior Sudbury Fairbank Windy Lake _. Swastika Esker Lakes Kap-Kig-Iwan Tweed Black Lake Lake on the Mountain 210 -Sept. -Oct. -June -June -May Oct 29 6 24 25 3 11 25 5 21 1958 1958 1938 1957 1921 1957 -June -May -April 1957 1894 1959 Sept. 29 1958 -June June 25 25 1957 1957 .July April 22 1 1960 1909 July July 22 22 1960 1960 June 25 1957 June June 25 25, 1957 1957 Sept. July 29 22, 1958 1960 Sept. July Sept. June 29 22 29 25, 1958 1960 1958 1957 Oct. June July May June 30, 25 26 18 25, 1959 1957 1955 1922 1957 June Dec. Feb. Sept. -Aug. 25, 23 24 29 31 1957 1957 1958 1958 1969 July 22 1960 April July 21 22 1959 1960 -May 27 1893 -June Sept. -July -Jan. 25 29 22 13, 1957 1958 1960 1944 Jan. 13 1944 -June -April 25 4 1957 1959 June -June 25 25 1957 1957 -Sept. June 29 25, 1958 1957 Table No. 2 PARKS IN OPERATION AND PENDING ESTABLISHMENT (as of March 31. 1963) Adm inistr ati ve District Name of Park Lake Erie Port Bruce St. Williams Fort Frances Lake of the Woods Geraldton MacLeod Lake Neys Rainbow Falls Lake Huron Craig-leith Inverhuron Sauble Falls Kemptville Fitzroy Rideau River Lindsay Balsam Lake Lake Simcoe Devils Glen Earl Rowe North Bay Antoine Finlayson Point Samuel de Champlain Parry Sound Killbear Point Mikisew Oastler Lake Resttcmle Pembroke Oarson Lake Driftwood Port Arthur Kakabeka Falls Sault Ste. Marie Batchawana Bay Pancake Bay Sioux Lookout Ojibway Pakwash Sudbury Chutes Killarney White River Obatanga White Lake Tweed Bon Echo Lake St. Peter Outlet Sandbanks 211 Table No. 3 SALE OF VEHICLE PERMITS AND CAMPSITE PERMITS Administrative District Vehicle Permits Campsite Permits and Park Name 1959 1960 1961 1962 1959 1960 1961 1962 Lake Erie Rondeau 27447 27282 30559 37389 5285 5686 6970 8230 Ipperwash 12210 11787 11291 12370 6165 5854 5441 5502 Long Point 2636 2574 6962 9712 4177 4113 5096 5495 Holiday Beach 8839 11788 12905 14286 198 377 Clay Creek 1095 1228 1496 1509 86 260 526 587 St. Williams 666 1120 1084 890 Pinery 18899 18446 23537 26810 5275 9102 12646 15308 Rock Point 1137 1696 257 636 Turkey Point 994 1664 1369 2413 Chapleau Five Mile Lake 137 585 236 738 Cochrane Kettle Lakes 3471 3361 3087 3694 724 942 853 1146 Greenwater 498 491 351 501 Fort Frances Quetico 2168 2264 2570 2544 826 1178 1529 1546 Caliper Lake 1231 1555 1076 2383 1154 1435 1634 1651 Lake of the Woods 842 1174 1085 78 166 236 Geraldton MacLeod Lake 1198 1279 985 1089 623 821 1015 1230 Rainbow Falls 281 274 2655 7272 162 311 7892 7883 Klotz Lake 261 199 152 171 907 901 660 654 Blacksand 277 942 1290 399 2161 2358 Gogama Ivanhoe 132 235 494 123 269 988 Lake Huron Craigleith 3486 3442 3832 4032 4083 3852 4140 4406 Sauble Falls 4814 4814 4844 5297 3389 3053 3297 3859 Inverhuron 5169 4961 5805 6453 2884 4437 5283 6260 Kapuskasing Remi Lake 1235 1408 1718 2007 603 778 875 1059 Nagagamisis 407 356 516 636 Kemptville Silver Lake 3496 4134 3883 4554 2624 3237 4017 4703 South Nation 4240 4937 4580 4180 1301 1373 1335 1599 Rideau River 6251 9344 9280 10672 2024 3111 3257 4210 Fitzroy 3509 4329 1853 2437 Kenora Aaron 795 1283 1626 1373 657 1043 2014 1798 Blue Lake 1002 1080 1057 2094 821 1235 1757 2212 Rushing River 3510 4354 2977 4858 2922 3105 3615 3376 Sioux Narrows 868 1454 626 1478 1171 1622 1492 1553 Lindsay Presqu'ile 16783 15284 16517 18968 7828 7864 8504 10127 Emily 5417 5702 6454 8443 1864 2649 3323 4759 Serpent Mounds 3792 4798 6115 7059 1700 3214 3904 3972 Darlington 4270 8817 10234 262 2006 3447 Lake Simooe Bass Lake 7217 6926 7209 7890 4188 4568 5013 5611 Devils Glen 2754 2687 2496 2569 839 875 879 864 Sibbald Point 24214 24380 28307 31315 9351 9098 10566 12255 Springwater 13876 13572 13174 14421 Earl Rowe 2409 2756 3142 908 1353 1440 Six Mile Lake 2640 3563 4360 2334 3533 3986 Wasaga Beach 26209 212 Table No. 3 (Cont'd.) SALE OF VEHICLE PERMITS AND CAMPSITE PERMITS Administrative District Vehicle Permits C !ampsite Permits and Park Name 1959 1960 1961 1962 1959 1960 1961 1962 North Bay Finlayson Point Marten River Antoine Samuel de Ohampl 851 2249 856 ain 995 1997 1051 844 1929 497 2172 1412 2595 654 3410 1574 3731 835 2003 2973 1236 2076 3633 640 1234 2422 4424 560 2148 Parry Sound Sturgeon Bay Oastler Lake Grundy Lake Mikisew Killbear Point Restoule 1028 4120 1244 793 1321 4007 2264 1037 1180 1489 4016 3554 1297 2004 1271 4585 5331 1472 3313 435 2007 4556 2793 1036 1726 4208 3544 1858 1891 2305 4634 5458 2089 4738 2016 5063 7851 2504 7059 1056 Pembroke Algonquin Carson Lake Driftwood 43991 149 1404 48609 205 1470 49430 583 1721 55379 449 1973 15759 1560 1178 17526 1213 1554 21040 1498 1780 25350 1415 2127 Port Arthur Sibley Middle Falls Shuniah Kakabeka Falls Inwood 3262 2886 1809 10898 304 1919 2895 1864 13288 508 4693 4091 2389 27605 1439 4634 4789 30409 1742 889 1164 801 1081 550 1090 1122 1026 1666 652 3074 2642 2985 4088 1823 3448 2353 5194 2446 Sault Ste. Marie Pancake Bay Lake Superior 1076 1230 803 4944 5816 6502 5462 1227 1405 782 6681 8069 7270 7946 Sioux Lookout Ojibway Pakwash 313 383 302 290 Sudbury Windy Lake Fairbank Chutes 4219 1196 3930 1700 4089 1902 4682 3108 224 1165 1238 921 1987 861 3067 948 3416 300 Swastika Esker Lakes Kap-Kig-Iwan 1156 2195 1300 1883 1393 1559 1792 1523 534 578 860 861 893 739 1065 929 Tweed Black Lake Lake St. Peter Mazinaw Outlet Beach Bon Echo Sandbanks 2183 936 398 13838 2014 883 316 13249 1793 780 15227 2418 2195 798 18732 4046 378 2067 1577 1045 1777 1966 1217 934 2485 2017 1255 3684 2171 2577 1427 6140 4488 White River White Lake 5936 7789 Other Offices 97 5 52 TOTALS 292459 320205 392707 493695 124355 148527 216975 264371 213 Table No. 4 RECORD OF PARK USE Administrative District Total Visitors Total Campers and Park Name 1959 1960 1961 1962 1959 1960 1961 1962 Lake Erie Rondeau 673439 693631 642020 686337 20320 24726 30703 36101 Ipperwash 232450 253346 187945 199494 25794 25398 23002 23873 Long Point 93046 112405 203121 178434 17168 17631 24388 23311 Holiday Beaoh 94697 154196 158843 155842 919 1515 P*inery 248220 371866 301665 329259 22109 37008 53551 64842 Clay Creek 29719 30393 39587 330 1022 2084 2189 St. Williams 38057 32981 19650 Rock Point 12963 20759 1103 2721 Turkey Point 16457 342457 5610 10048 Lake Huron Sauble Falls 179766 141119 178298 166219 13074 11544 12981 15135 Craigleith 83369 58988 60396 70769 14488 13928 15180 16104 Inverhuron 106720 85550 97986 115860 11424 18247 21742 25636 Lake Simcoe Sibbald Point 316011 379901 325206 342168 35378 35535 42636 49762 Bass Lake 154127 139840 199991 166276 17749 18559 20423 23202 Devils Glen 47722 68805 81367 71110 2971 3149 3116 3158 Springwater 131984 113620 109686 98344 Six Mile Lake 46758 80057 100841 8714 12878 15210 Earl Rowe 44366 60248 69707 3540 5298 5849 Wasaga Beach 518136 Lindsay Presqu'ile 332196 299745 301487 311749 29385 29240 37307 41175 Emily 96300 102452 124360 169503 7252 10385 13986 19516 Serpent Mounds 76250 73963 104569 108848 6101 12125 15483 15999 Darlington 52681 122895 118860 1064 8111 13863 Mark S. Bumham 23900 29009 19011 Tweed Black Lake 46059 32157 42727 51598 8350 8535 8537 10488 Lake St. Peter 32394 22173 29372 21253 6115 4778 4902 5768 Mazinaw Lake 9353 8967 4034 3651 Outlet Beach 272047 160640 209112 281346 7464 14478 15504 26929 Bon Echo 39314 84610 8922 18714 Sandbanks 23197 Kemptville Silver Lake 66644 81288 68082 91465 10355 13789 16569 19442 South Nation 61444 49734 42810 40343 4956 5347 5189 6148 Rideau River 80877 174255 144756 198945 7811 12379 14689 18068 Fitzroy 51328 58985 7364 9824 North Bay Antoine 38907 32951 22346 12872 3017 4480 2365 2051 Finlayson Point 35356 27584 40002 31426 5314 7992 7754 8649 Marten River 36780 59059 63225 71473 13746 11339 14024 17142 Samuel de Champl'ain 18102 40406 4897 8436 Parry Sound Sturgeon Bay 33300 27382 23751 23502 7238 6408 8377 7290 Grundy Lake 92569 71541 93303 157746 9700 13585 21898 31596 Oastler Lake 106071 145061 120057 132342 17195 16455 14956 19686 Mikisew 11814 20460 42904 37239 3970 7299 8421 10206 Killbear Point 43168 105675 157279 7712 18718 29543 Restoule 9937 4073 Pembroke Algonquin 451313 513568 466983 580392 59360 68823 77676 100841 Carson Lake 5477 4161 3107 6018 5477 4161 3578 5411 Driftwood 11736 10720 14791 15297 4487 6329 7317 8816 214 Table No. 4 (Cont'd.) RECORD OF PARK USE Administrative District and Park Name 1959 Total 1960 Visitors 1961 1962 1959 Total Campers 1960 1961 1962 Sudbury Windy Lake Fairbank Chutes 95995 23307 84414 33826 55696 28384 82726 38966 1192 4805 4983 3747 7873 4222 12290 4249 13515 1179 Sault Ste. Marie Pancake Bay Lake Superior 32467 31489 16086 69581 46508 75737 69296 5014 5543 3246 26527 31170 29128 30406 Chapleau Five Mile Lake 3713 7359 926 2758 Gog'ama Ivanhoe Lake 1337 2683 4038 472 998 3592 Swastika Esker Lakes Kap-Kig-Iwan 12739 27497 23367 24135 21072 30258 26489 34116 1772 2050 3225 3079 3312 2319 4139 3303 Cochrane Kettle Lakes Greenwater 63210 69716 50544 6222 66223 9961 2958 3632 3370 1266 4448 1808 Kapuskasing Remi Lake Nagagamisis 33243 34871 25773 14026 29452 13539 2280 3128 3387 1962 4036 2412 Geraldton MacLeod Lake Rainbow Falls Klotz Lake Blacksand 25549 51953 16420 45815 14139 41706 85497 12085 2264 652 3227 3060 1203 3391 1447 3891 28960 2362 8211 4836 30150 2367 8789 White River White Lake 41275 29881 Port Arthur Kakabeka Falls Inwood Shuniah Sibley Middle Falls 120333 6274 49500 67695 133680 162703 9333 43589 33253 52958 279622 10208 52461 45070 55529 305585 13727 31644 53570 4230 2061 2978 3717 4818 6805 2772 3860 4493 4563 16102 6847 10978 13836 9888 20637 9542 13664 9039 Fort Frances Quetico 46493 Caliper Lake 14047 Lake of the Woods 56590 27291 16562 66531 21832 14665 37056 30631 10842 3265 4489 3720 5715 300 5749 6254 655 5958 6582 1007 Kenora Sioux Narrows Blue Lake Aaron Rushing River 18369 17464 12620 47433 31005 20186 23494 74643 24676 24099 26173 59980 36016 33376 33310 48689 4261 3368 2555 11190 6139 5034 4052 12249 6284 6317 7681 14637 5487 8937 7206 13511 Sioux Lookout Ojibway Pakwash 1157 1074 Provincial Totals 5106353 5692578 6215370 7820994 479069 592103 862559 1063127 215 to 0 Z Q ZD OQ > — O '^ I/) M- ^ o < o > o Q- < d Z i a S w u h 4> "S u i £ JS jS ■^ t ■*J s D '£ e H H ^ « »ri e o s *4-l s 1 ? tfi M 4> g a JS 0 w a 0 ■3 g S is J 'a n -3 8 e e ■3 S 1 a sa 4 +» M U h g V 1? & iJ 3 a c CO I g !S w T3 S S 2 e u be 0 s w S II « ■M 4) T u « e EU 0 u « e Q T-lt- rH Tjt iH -^ HO CO t- tH 000 NO (M (N iHOO CO"* 00 (M (M Tj< (M -^ ] COCO y-t (M«D ■«* CD -^ (35 Tj< 0,!^ § >.-S >.j 1^ h c ^ S B" a> § 0) CO 1/3 > >H o a i> a -^ PQQW 1^ 4j o C o O < d Z J) -O g a 4> 9 S « U h ■ M V B -iS •- I js ^ J2 ~ *; » SS-s H H 4J n I' C J9 O *M .S 1^ 0 M V w be « R 2 S 9 J3 o U S «5 « £ B 82 §'l U P9 ance ding ^11 03 its OS -M '« ta i2 b S « g J 3 S C? 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Boat Parking (Quetico) 260.00 3. Sale of Fuelwood 428.50 4. Sale of Ice 10,336.01 5. Sale of Hydro 222.37 6. Pay Telephone Commission 170.43 7. Sale of Buildings 5,386.15 8. Sale of Sanitary Supplies 19.45 9. Oourt Awards 80.00 10. Boat Permits (Quetico) 9,655.00 11. Guide Licenses (Quetico) 4,344.00 12. Other 311.73 Total $31,233.64 230 Table No. 7 SUMMARY OF ATTENDANCE FOR INTERPRETIVE AND NATURALIST PROGRAMMES (YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1963) Algonquin Provincial Park Museum Attendance (estimated) Pioneer Logging Exhibit (estimated) Conducted Trips Labelled Trail Registration Evening Programmes of Lectures Outdoor Amphitheatre Programmes Special Groups Rondeau Provincial Park Museum Registration Condudted Trips Outdoor Amphitheatre Programmes Special Group Lectures Sibley Provincial Park Museum Attendance (estimated) Conducted Trips Labelled Trail Registration Outdw>r Amphitheatre Programmes Quetico Provincial Park Museum Registration Conducted Trips Labelled Trail Registration Outdoor Amphitheatre Programmes Presqu'ile Provincial Park Museum Registration Conducted Trips Labelled Trail Registration Outdoor Amphitheatre Programmes Pinery Provincial Park Conducted Trips Outdoor Amphitheatre Programmes Sibbald Point Provincial Park Museum Registration Wasaga Beach Provincial Park Nancy Island Museum Registration Lake Superior Provincial Park Conducted Trips Outdoor Amphitheatre Programmes Inverhuron Provincial Park Labelled Trail Attendance (estimated) Remi Lake Provincial Park Labelled Trail Registration Kap-Kig-Iwan Provincial Park Labelled Trail Attendance (estimated) 133 days 103 days 57 trips 3 trails 18 38 44 Attendance 179,191 66,100 4,342 40,590 3,109 16,702 3,099 Total 313,133 87 days 63 trips 15 programmes 12 lectures 28,661 1,166 2,716 595 TotJal 33,038 77 days 43 trips 3 trails 21 26,700 808 520 3,875 Total 31,903 79 days 22 trips 3 trails 18 programmes 7,012 332 1,218 1,661 Total 10,223 79 days 36 trips 2 trails 21 programmes 23,738 1,297 4,641 6,782 Total 36,468 46 trips 16 progrrammes 1,256 6,975 Total 8,231 80 days 91 days 30 trips 14 programmes 21,516 21,657 427 2,225 Total 2,652 1 trail 1 trail 1 trail 7,000 84 1,500 231 Table No. 8 INTERPRETIVE PROGRAMMES ^ 43 I I < 1 O 1 5| 02 <1iy3 O C c« 8:3 >? ^ F— I TO - 1 •a- -^ r:- ^ ^ ==!,& - -? s ® rf ■«* o o> 2 Tlt Ol 00 ^. U3 CO O) iH t- o» iH 1953 1954 1955 1956 t 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 Diagram showing the increase in Interpretive Programme Attendance of Museums, Labelled Trails, Conducted Trips and Lectures 232 CO 2 12 z> c^ LU to 3 3 2 1— o LU _l ^ Q^ Q < Z Q. < _l < to a. o al z h- > Q o LU 1— Q- o z> LL Q O z LU O o o z . < to — 1 z LU < t- 1— 1— < Q LU >- — 1 _l — 1 LU £^ CQ 2i < — 1 >- o Z eo 00 eo CO w •r> C- ^ o eo CO o c^ U3 i-H la 00 o iH o 05 (M ■* lO iH i-H t- T-l eo CO iH eo (M (M eo o ■xi c- IC (M rH IM to o tH o o (M CO (M lO Oi o CO eo OS •^ CO Tf «o (D 00 o 00 O 00 CO 00 tH to eo tH tH eg (M iH CO in o (M to lO 00 (M i-l 00 tH ■<* t>I>OCiU3(Mr-IOOO mcOOcOt-U5t-05«0 Tj 00 00 Oi 00 00 CO 05 «D ?D CO IC t- eg (M tH tH ■US t- ■^ J-t CO iH ->* (M CO «o 05 lO ■^ ?o CO 00 in> lO o tH t- Tj< U5 i-H o eg OS OJ 1-1 eo OS OS n< CO eg CO o 1-1 eg eg 00 eg 00 00 eg CO t> OS «o pq nS bo c<3 3 5 be c < Pi M O" CO 3 2 O* CIS Oh W ® i^ t* c (« £ eu u Oh .2 % o< I 3 60 o 00 o 00 00 00 !33 Practical instruction on progressive fire line construction at Ontario Forest Ranger School. Junior Forest Rangers assist in building a towerman's cabin. 234 PERSONNEL BRANCH nPHE job evaluation system and the older method of position classification are -■- growing together with an increasing emphasis on the integration of the two systems. The use of point rating, as developed during the inception of the Job Evaluation Programme, is now being used as a comparative factor when classifying positions. The salary analysis of the clerical and office family jobs has been com- pleted and it is anticipated that the final results in the form of new class and salary structures will be published in the summer of 1963. The staff of the classification unit has been enlarged by the appointment of two additional job analysts. This increase in staff has resulted in expanded services in position specification writing and the study of classification problems, particularly in the field organization. The programme of field visits has been enlarged, with the job analysts travelling to the districts to assist with the writing of technical and professional positions. Through the joint co-operation of the Civil Service Commission and the Classification Unit, there has been an effective drive to accelerate the work of classifying positions and to cut down the length of time required in reclassifications. The Civil Service Commission requested and were given the services of the classification unit on several occasions to assist them by undertaking the prelimi- nary instruction and training of job analysts who were later assigned to this and other departments. There is continuing evidence that the ideas introduced by the Job Evaluation Programme are bringing results in the form of better job descriptions and more equitable classifications and salaries. The classification unit has proceeded with the writing of position specifications for the "second phase" technical and profes- sional jobs, such as Chief Rangers, Parks Supervisors and Conservation Officers, throughout the Department. The writing of these positions partially reflects an anticipation of the demands which will be placed on this Department when the "second phase" begins. Also, the classification unit is continuing to make studies of the classification and salary structures of the technical field positions with par- ticular emphasis on the Forest Ranger, Conservation Officer and related classification series. A special review of the technical field personnel has been initiated with the goal of revising the salaries and classes to represent changing conditions in organi- 235 zation, technology and job content. The results of this study will be completed and submitted to the Commission by the summer of 1963. It has been, and continues to be, the purpose of this unit to anticipate and plan for future classification needs, to improve communications and to provide in- formation to the Field and Head Office. It is hoped this will result in a "feed-back" of ideas and suggestions. Such interchange is vital if future growth and progress is to be sustained. RECRUITMENT The recruitment programme was continued and appointments were made to fill vacancies at various levels resulting from retirements, superannuations, resig- nations, deaths, dismissals and addition of new positions. During the winter of 1962/63 an unusually large number of enquiries about employment were dealt with by this section. JUNIOR FOREST RANGER PROGRAMME The Junior Forest Ranger programme grows in popularity each year. There were 680 students appointed to 54 camps in 16 districts of the province. These camps were operated from July 2nd to August 25th. The cost to operate the programme this year was $350,570., which includes wages, travel, maintenance and provisions. TRANSFERS AND PROMOTIONS Job advertising continued to be used in the selection of personnel to fill vacancies occurring in 9 classifications and was used on several other occasions when requested by field or branch supervisors. Employees are informed of the selection as well as the number of applications. TRAINING Fifty-two forest rangers and conservation officers were selected to attend the Diploma Course at the Ontario Forest Ranger School and 24 to attend the Fish and Wildlife certificate course. Work was begun on the proposed Timber Manage- ment certificate course and background material was sought in order to institute a proposed Parks course. On-the-job training continued in the districts supplemented by the field Forest Protection courses. First Aid and Safety courses were held in the districts. Several courses of the University extension type were sponsored wholly or in part by the Department and the Department sponsored Public Administration courses at University of Toronto and Ryerson continued into their second year. Three foresters and two biologists attended the Resource Management course at University of Toronto and seven employees were granted educational leave to do postgraduate work at various universities. The second draft of the Department training plan was completed. A Familiar- ization course was held in Toronto for foresters and biologists recently on staflf. 236 SAFETY TRAINING The Injury Frequency Rate for the nscai year 1962-63 was 14.2, a decrease of 4.9 from the previous fiscal year. The Injury Frequency Rate is a unit of measure to determine the frequency of disabling injury by the following formula: No. of lost time injuries x 100,000 man-days man-days worked A comparison of Injury Frequency Rates for the past three fiscal years shows marked improvement in the frequency of injuries requiring more than four calendar days' absence from work. These are compensable injuries coming within the terms of the Workmen's Compensation Act. 1960-61 21.0 1961-62 19.1 1962-63 14.2 Each year more employees are being trained in the Lateiner Method of Accident Control. In 1962 five members of staff attended a course in the Lateiner Method of Accident Control at the supervisory level. There are now seven members of staff trained to teach safety methods and accident control. A Department Safety Award was established for competition among the districts, and competition was scheduled to commence on April 1, 1963. A Shield will be presented to the district attaining the lowest injury frequency rate each fiscal year. WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION Compensable claims for injuries decreased in number by 131 from the previous fiscal year but Workmen's Compensation costs climbed to a new high; approximately $51,000 over and above that of the last fiscal year. Total number of compensable claims was 640. Total cost was $171,802. as compared with $120,384. for the previous fiscal year. Average cost per claim was $158.02, an increase of $67.00 over last year. The seriousness of a small number of injuries was one of the main reasons why costs have sky-rocketed. $68,751. was paid to the Workmen's Compensation Board for 26 claims for serious disabilities. This amount represents 68% of the total cost of compensation and medical aid. The majority of serious disabilities are among seasonal employees on Crown Land tree planting operations and UNR Projects. Crown Land Tree planting is being operated on a greater scale. With a greater number of men being hired for this work, injuries increased by 3 % . UNR Projects, which come under a Federal-Provincial agreement, were not continued in the winter season of 1962-63, and the number of injuries decreased accordingly. The fire season was generally light, less men were engaged in fire fighting, and injuries on this type of work decreased. Junior Ranger employment increased by 61 boys and injuries increased by 3.3% over last summer. The average number of employees was approximately 300 less than last fiscal year and the percentage of employees injured was 12.5%, a decrease of 1.8%. 237 STAFF ATTENDANCE SUMMARY The table below indicates the total number of employees on staff for each month of the fiscal year: Aver. 624 HEAD OFFICE FIELD SERVICE Mthly H.O. Mthly F.S. Grand 1962 Reg. Prob. Rated Cas. Total Reg. Prob. Rated Cas. Total Total Apr. 618 76 17 18 729 1735 99 27 1709 3570 4299 May 621 76 17 28 742 1743 100 24 4418 6285 7027 June 611 79 18 52 760 1741 99 28 4992 6860 7620 July 617 80 14 56 767 1744 105 26 5187 7062 7829 Aug. 620 74 14 52 760 1737 105 27 4282 6151 6911 Sept. 627 66 13 26 732 1729 104 27 2999 4859 5591 Oct. 622 69 15 10 716 1725 99 26 1846 3696 4412 Nov. 635 65 tt- 16 72'^' 1723 97 25 1020 2865 3592 Dec. 629 72 12 21 734 1725 106 26 926 2783 3507 1963 Jan. 637 74 12 18 741 1759 93 25 1060 2937 3678 Feb. 631 76 13 20 740 1757 89 25 990 2861 3601 Mar. 619 80 15 24 738 1749 101 25 677 2552 3290 74 14 28 741 1739 100 26 2509 4374 5113 TOTAL STAFF AS OF MARCH 31. 1963 Reg. Prob. Monthly Rated Casual Total Head Office Field 619 1749 80 101 15 25 24 677 738 2552 2368 181 40 701 3290 Total complement of year-round positions as of March 31, 1963 — 2686 Total Regular, Probationary and monthly rated staff as of March 31, 1963 2589 Total vacancies in complement as of March 31, 1963 97 2686 NUMBER OF PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES Foresters Biologists Civil Engineers Miscellaneous Total 233 66 44 350 Number of licensed scalers on staff 733 Number of gradualtes of Ranger School on Staff 733 238 STAFF TURNOVER The table shown below lists the number of employees who discontinued their services for various reasons, as indicated, during the fiscal year: Resigned Dismissed Retired Died Super- annuated Trans- ferred Total Head Office Field 39 40 7 4 3 8 5 11 12 19 7 0 73 82 TcVbal 79 11 11 16 31 7 155 NEW EMPLOYEES Male Female Total Head Office Field 42 65 31 19 73 84 Total 107 50 157 The staff turnover for the fiscal year is — 6.1% Note: This is the ratio of separations to total regular and probationary staff. TOTAL PERSONNEL ON STAFF Reg. Prob. Casual March 31, 1963 March 31, 1962 2368 181 701 2348 189 1103 20 increase 8 decrease 402 decrease 239 CO < CO Q. Q ^ tlf -^ O > CD O —I o o •- O ^ CO 00 q; o CO < O UJ S CD < iZ S >- — ^ CO IjJ Z CO J CO ^ o o ^ 5? O <3- 5? in ro O ro 5? CO 5? i ss s? II 1 in 1 I in 1 II , il . ■ ■ n ■ .^Jt ■« II if .11 J .1 .1 cn o z: o z z UJ CO ct: CO UJ UJ 2 > o CO t— * tn —5 m o OR o 1— 1— o Q. O UJ^ CO CL CO o UJ CO z UJ u. CO CO < _J o >- o o 1— a: i Q. 00 Q Q- UJ J>- 2 ^ tJ ^ t— CO c_> CO UJ o < q: CO C3 O CO cr co°^ o UJ X < < z LiJ C3 < _J 5i UJ UJ _J m co" UJ z X o a. cC CO cr UJ § UJ Q z co" UJ o co" cc o CO UJ UJ cc (— CO 1— z o > >- o z UJ o < Z < < o z cc t- >-■ m o oc h- a: o ■£ o 1- UJ I UJ %t < UJ <_> 00 _l UJ > UJ _J 1- z UJ u. u. Q o 1- _J -I < U- -1 UJ > _) UJ < z o _i _J z o h -A o O U- 03 O o (T 1- O UJ _i UJ I 55 zQ: 03 UJ (T q: UJ Q. UJ i- X O LiJ I/) z oo < UJ §-' t o > m o UJ X o a: o to cc o z Ul t- m IT O O UJ Q < m Q < UJ 1- o2 UJ 1- CD Ul (D Z 3 UJ a: Q- >- < Ul in z o to o -I a. X UJ 1 _l < t- O »- AXES 6 70 3 79 MANUAL HAND TOOLS - SHOP 1 1 1 2 5 MANUAL HAND TOOLS- WOODS 5 1 1 7 MAI^iuAl CutTiNfi t66ls. -SHOP 7 1 7 MANUAL CUTTING TOOLS - WOODS 5 8 1 1 15 POWER TOOLS. 5 5 2 2 1 14 WORKING SURFACES 22 1 3 8 67 28 18 1 1 147 WORKING MATERIALS, OBJECTS. 14 18 6 1 31 II 81 MOVING POWERED VEHICLES 12 4 1 3 2 2 24 2 MOVING NON-POWERED SNOW CONVEYANCES. 1 1 MOVING MOBILE MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT. 2 2 4 2 1 MOVING WATERCRAFT 1 1 MOVING AIRCRAFT 1 MOVING RAILWAY MOTOR CARS 1 1 STATIONARY MACHINES, VEHICLES, EQUIPMENT. 8 4 1 2 3 10 28 1 93 ~43~ 3 STATIONARY WATERCRAFT 1 PLANTS, TREES 15 35 1 4 12 25 1 OUSTS, FLYING OBJECTS. 30 1 12 PRIME MOVERS, PUMPS. 1 2 ANIMALS, BIRDS, FISH 1 3 1 5 14 INSECTS 14 FOREST FIRES ' 1 8 9 H6t AND INFLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES .FLAMES. 6 6 CHEMICALS, ACIDS 1 I 8 1 9 ELEMENTS I I 6 6 DOORS, GATES, WINDOWS, COVERS. 2 2 PRINTING MACHINES 1 ! 1 2 MJ ElSEwhESE CLASSIFIED 5 i 4 1 4 8 5 1 2 i 30 TOTAL 98 { 194 r 20 ' 15 ' 88 ' 99 ' - ' 20 ! 40 ' 18 ' 48 . . ] ; 1 : i ~ _ I _ 640 24] A wolf, taken in a lock-type snare and tranquillzed, is fitted with a collar in which is embedded a transistorized radio. Below: a mobile receiver used to check the movements of wolves in the research conducted in Algonquin Provincial Park. 242 RESEARCH BRANCH TT HAS BECOME customary to state each year the res{X)nsibilities of the -■- Research Branch as presented to the Legislature in a White Paper of 1954: (1) To assess the research needs of the Department. (2) To secure co-operation with existing research agencies competent to meet departmental requirements. (3) To develop departmental research services in those fields where co-operation cannot be secured. The assessment of research needs is usually made by discussion between the Research Branch and the management branches of the Department concerned. Proposals arising from such discussions are presented to the Department's advisory Committee on Research for their scrutiny and judgment before recommendation to the Deputy Minister. The co-operation of existing research agencies is obtained by agreements, such as with the Canada Department of Forestry for silvicultural, pathological and entomological research; the Canada Department of Fisheries, the University of Toronto and other universities, and the Ontario Research Foundation for various research needs. Arrangements are made with private firms as required. To meet needs that cannot be adequately satisfied by co-operation with existing research agencies, the Research Branch has set up five sections: Forestry, Fisheries, Wildlife, Mensuration and Statistics, and Mechanical Research. Several projects which were initiated during the past year have been selected for comment here. These are representative of types of research being undertaken. A new fisheries research endeavour was begun in 1962, with a view to co- ordinating the limnological research being carried out at the various fisheries research stations of the Department. The scientist in charge will develop an over- all plan for the collection of data on currents, wave-action, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and plankton abundance. An attempt will be made to collect data which are specifically related to studies on the fluctuations in year-class strengths of commercial and games fishes. Wood quality studies were started in 1962 with the object of gaining an under- standing of the specific physical and chemical qualities of the commercially important tree species of Ontario. It is expected that these studies will provide a basis for the increased supply of preferred wood species to forest industry. This program is based on co-operation between the Research Branch, the Ontario Research Foundation, and the Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto. In 1962 field surveys were undertaken to locate superior tree specimens and obtain wood samples for laboratory analysis. Physical-chemical and pulping tests were made to ascertain significant differences between individual wood specimens. The Research Branch, in co-operation with the Forest Protection Branch, designed and conducted an experiment in 1962 to investigate the feasibility of infrared (heat) sensory devices in detecting forest fires in Ontario. De Havilland Aircraft Ltd. was engaged, under contract, to assist the Department in the mechan- 243 RESEARCH BRANCH BRANCH CHIEF: R. N. JOHNSTON ASSISTANT BRANCH CHIEF: A. P. LESLIE SPECIAL PROJECTS: A. R. Fenwick FORESTRY SECTION D. H. Burton, Supervisor Tree Breeding Mid-Western Site Northern Regional Silviculture Central Reforestation South Central Wood Quality South Western South Eastern FISHERIES SECTION K. H. Loftus, Supervisor Lake Huron Great Lakes Lake Erie Lake Ontario Lake Trout Game Fish Brook Trout Smallmouth Bass Selective Breeding Technical Studies Limnology (Maple Headquarters) Parasitology Age Extermination WILDLIFE SECTION R. O. Standfield, Supervisor Big Game Furbearers Upland Game & Waterfowl Predators Diseases & Parasites MECHANICAL SECTION M. H. Baker, Supervisor STATISTICS and MENSURATION SECTION T. W. Dwight, Supervisor ADMINISTRATION Personnel Budgeting and Accounting Reports Library Public Relations 244 ical and electronic aspects of the experiment. The objective was to detect newly started forest fires sooner than by lookout towers and aircraft whose operation is dependent on the visual observation of smoke. Analysis of the measurement data indicated that small (2-ft. diameter) fires located in coniferous forests can produce detectable signals at least 70% of the time. Further tests would be required to assess the obstacles to practical application. Details of the foregoing and other projects are related in the following pages. WILDLIFE RESEARCH The program of the Wildlife Section has been planned to provide information to support wildlife management in the province. There are, therefore, research units specializing in studies of economically important species of birds and mammals: Furbearers, Big Game, Upland Game and Waterfowl, and Predators. In addition, a program of research on wildlife diseases and parasites includes a diagnostic service to field staff throughout the province as well as fundamental studies of the effects of these factors on several species of wildlife. Headquarters for this research is at the Southern Research Station at Maple, with several field projects centred at the Wildlife Research Station in Algonquin Park. However, most of the field research is conducted in locations throughout the province where the population of animals or their environment allows the best possible conditions for doing the work. As a result, the wildlife research program is widespread, with projects in every Forest Region in the province. Many of these projects are conducted in co-operation with the Fish and Wildlife staffs in the Forest Districts. In addition, co-operative projects with the Ontario Veterinary and Agricul- tural Colleges, the Ontario Research Foundation and the Indian Affairs Branch of the Canada Department of Citizenship and Immigration supplement the research program in specialized fields. Furbearers Research on fur animals is providing data on populations and the factors affecting them. The results of these studies may make it possible to anticipate future changes in numbers. Accurate predictions could lead to management pro- cedures that would moderate some of the violent population fluctuations exhibited by many of the species of furbearers in Ontario. Studies of otter populations in Algonquin Park were continued. Thirteen otter were tagged and released as a means of obtaining data about population numbers, movements and range. Analysis of scats collected throughout the year showed that fish and crustaceans form the major winter diet, while amphibians and insects are the most important foods during the summer. Trout occurred in 2% of samples containing fish remains; the remainder were species of small fish which inhabit warm waters. Surveys of beaver populations in Central and West Patricia Districts were continued to assess changes in density and to relate density to habitat. From the lowest point in numbers, which occurred in the period from 1949 to 1952, popu- lations have now reached extremely high densities in the Sachigo Lake region and parts of the Hudson Bay Lowlands. In other areas populations are not so high but are steadily increasing despite heavy trapping pressure. Peak populations will probably occur over most of this region within the next few years. Analysis of fur harvest statistics for this region, to provide historical information on previous population fluctuations, were completed. 245 Big Game Research on deer, moose and woodland caribou is concerned with the development of techniques for measuring numbers and with the assessment of factors affecting populations. The objectives of such studies are to understand the action of these factors and through modification of their effects to maintain optimum populations of big game animals in areas where they may be hunted. Statistics about deer and moose numbers, hunting pressure and hunting success were collected from study areas in Tweed, Parry Sound and Sioux Lookout Forest Districts. These are providing data on population changes in deer and moose and the effects of hunting on them. In addition, in co-operation with the Ontario Veterinary College, blood and tissue samples were collected at these checking stations to establish the incidence of leptospirosis in deer and moose. Analyses of these samples showed that 18% of the deer and 4% of the moose were affected. As yet, no one knows if this disease which causes abortion in cattle is a major influence on deer or moose numbers. Other studies on moose are principally concerned with the effects of heavy hunting pressure on populations. Statistics and specimens collected at a checking station on the Red Lake road are now being studied to assess the reproductive rate of those herds which support extremely heavy hunting pressure. A report on this is anticipated for the coming year. Winter surveys of woodland caribou populations were confined to density studies of the herd in the Woodland Crown Game Preserve. Mapping of distribu- tions and densities of herds in the northern Patricia Districts are now almost com- plete. Summer studies of herd distributions and their relation to food and topography were continued to provide a basis for future research on productivity and mortality factors. Complete reports on all caribou research are in preparation. Upland Game and Waterfowl The objective of this research is to obtain information about several species of upland game and waterfowl which can be used to improve hunting opportunities in agricultural areas of the province. Most research, since the unit was reactivated in 1961, has been on the char- acteristics of the 18 species of grouse that are found throughout the world. More intensive studies of two, sharp-tailed grouse and prairie chicken, which occur in western, central and northern parts of the province are nearing completion This research has encompassed various attributes of each species; morphology, taxonomic relationships, and characteristics of behaviour and breeding. We expect that such intensive studies will be of real value in the future when public demand for increased hunting will necessitate more intensive management of these species. The research on methods of assessing the reproductive success of Canada geese in the Hudson Bay Lowlands is progressing well. The success of this work is of immediate concern to the federal, provincial and state agencies in Canada and the United States represented on the Mississippi Flyway Council since northern Ontario is one of the major production areas for Canada geese hunted in the mid- western parts of the continent. The technique of taking low-level vertical photo- graphs of flocks of geese along aerial transects is now providing good results. There is still considerable difficulty, however, in interpreting these results since the adult-to-young ratios, which are shown in the photographs, do not give a measure of the numbers of non-breeding birds. Further research is required before the method can be used with confidence for setting autumn bag limits for geese. 246 Predators The research on predation, particularly where timber wolves and coyotes are most concerned, was directed toward assessing the effects of predators on big game and livestock and developing efficient control methods. Because of staff changes some parts of the program were delayed. Those projects dealing with control methods were continued on schedule and most have now reached the stage where they can be applied. An experimental poison- ing program in Sioux Lookout and Port Arthur Forests Districts removed 75 animals from a study area of 10,000 square miles over a period of three winters. Aerial surveys during the current year showed that wolves were almost eliminated from the area. Application of this method to management of predators in areas remote from human habitation is now possible but as yet no way has been found to eliminate accidental killing of fur bearers and birds. Its use in Ontario will be closely controlled. Continued aerial surveys as part of the research on wolf populations in Algonquin Park have shown no significant increase in numbers even though there has been no control of wolves in the area since 1958. Reporting on this project is now underway. Wildlife Diseases and Parasites Of the numerous diseases and parasites which are known to affect various species of wildlife in Ontario, few are spectacular in their effects. Most, however, undoubtedly affect the efficiency of their host; some are responsible for widespread mortality. Continued research to establish the presence and incidence of diseases and parasites has provided the background for intensive studies of those which are thought to be of special importance to the maintenance of harvestable densities of wildlife. Two of the most important studies are those on rabies and kidney worm in mink. RABIES This disease, which has received a great deal of public attention in recent years, is the subject of an intensive research project. The disease, which affects red foxes and skunks primarily among wildlife species in Ontario, has been most prevalent in southern Ontario during the past three years. Here the disease is also being transmitted to livestock, and there is a continuing danger of human contact v\'ith rabid animals. Research is primarily directed toward ascertaining the relation between the disease and the density of fox populations; current studies of changes in fox populations, movements and distribution in King Township in the Lake Simcoe Forest District, have shown a low level of fox numbers and a relatively low but persistent incidence of the disease. KIDNEY WORM Further research on the incidence and effects of the kidney worm in wild mink has shown an increase in affected animals in the Parry Sound Forest District where the study is centred. The disease is affecting about 42% of the mink this year as compared to 30% in the previous year. There have been no clear-cut effects on the size of the population or pelt quality of mink and the study is continuing. 247 Miscellaneous In co-operation with the Indian Affairs Branch of the Department of Citizen- ship and Immigration, part of a study of the economics of the utiUzation of fish and wildlife resources in northern Ontario was recently completed. The project, which assessed the problems of fish marketing from this area, has been reported and the conclusions are now being assessed. FISHERIES RESEARCH The fisheries research program is being developed to obtain the new facts and to develop the new techniques necessary for management of both the sport and commercial fisheries of Ontario. Constant attention is given to the task of selecting, from the many problems suggested, those which, when solved, will provide the greatest advantage to management throughout the Province, rather than locally. Continued development of the program along these practical lines demands that the close working relationship between management and research staffs be con- tinued and constantly improved. This working relationship must be close enough that research is fully aware of the problems of management and can set project priorities accordingly, and close enough to achieve the maximum communication of research results both verbally and through reports. Constant care must be taken to avoid such close integration of effort that research is drawn into problems of local rather than province-wide priority. In other agencies, where research has failed to resist this temptation, their programs have become more and more involved in investigations of local and immediate value only, and long range planning and progress has become impossible for management. Our present good working relationship has resulted from: frequent issue of full reports and progress reports; personal communication between research and management specialists; an annual meeting of research and management biologists; and meetings of advisory committees annually or semi-annually to discuss the programs of research at each of our Great Lakes stations. These advisory committees are made up of sportsmen, commercial fishermen, and management and research staffs from both field and head offices. Consideration is being given to formation of a similar advisory committee to consider the recently expanded sport fish research program. During 1962 there were no major changes in our program, staff or facilities in either the Great Lakes or game fish studies. Research on the directly related field of limnology was consolidated for improved efficiency. Plans for future projects dealing with walleyes (yellow pickerel) await only funds and staff, and the field of lake classification as a means of improving inventory and maintaining our fisheries waters was explored with encouraging results. Great Lakes Fisheries LAKE SUPERIOR The fisheries research program on Lake Superior remains the responsibility of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, in accordance with the terms of the Federal-Provincial agreement for Ontario fisheries. The Fisheries Research Board is also the Canadian agent of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission and is therefore responsible for the conduct of the sea lamprey control experiment. Close contact with these programs is maintained by the Fisheries Section staff through minor 248 participation in the programs and by membership on various committees which plan and review the research. The sea lamprey control experiment continued to be concentrated on Lake Superior. Runs of adult lampreys at the assessment barriers in the spring of 1962 indicated that the initial stream treatments had reduced the lamprey population by 80 percent. Summer and fall studies revealed low levels of sea lamprey predation on lake trout, and the trout population apparently responded quickly by giving evidence of modest increases in numbers, average size, and catch per unit effort. Although we are pleased with the extent of success achieved to date in this vast experiment, it is generally thought that the lamprey population must be reduced quite a bit further before the lake trout population can regain its former level at which it can sustain a fishing industry. The second round of stream treatment was initiated during 1962. LAKE HURON Tagging and associated studies have demonstrated the existence of several separate populations of whitefish in the area studied by the staff of the South Bay Fisheries Research Station. These distinct populations occur in the North Channel; in northern Georgian Bay; in southern Georgian Bay; in southern Lake Huron, off Goderich and Bayfield; in northern Lake Huron, along the south shore of Mani- toulin Island; and in South Bay. The whitefish of South Bay have, for reasons of proximity to the station, received the most attention. Good numbers of these have been tagged in the experimental pound net fishery operations conducted in the spring, and recaptures indicate that during the summer and autmn they move out of South Bay and into the northern part of Georgian Bay. We do not know yet where they spawn. They return to South Bay and are recaptured in the pound nets in subsequent spring seasons. Experimental gill netting operations in South Bay in the autumn produces numbers of whitefish, but rarely individuals which have been taken and tagged in the spring pound nets. It thus appears that there may be two populations of whitefish even in a body of water as small as South Bay, and the suggestion is implicit that with more intensive work the population structure of greater Lake Huron might prove equally complex. Each separate population of whitefish, of which we are aware, is sampled annually. There are growth differences and, perhaps more important, age differ- ences between them. Age determinations made from scale samples tell us which year classes were successful and which were failures. From this sort of work we know that the excellent fishing of the late 1940's and early 1950's in northern Georgian Bay and South Bay was available because the hatch of 1943 was phenomenally successful. There has been no really outstanding year class in these areas since. We know also that the excellent fishing in the Goderich-Bayfield areas in 1960 and 1961 was the result of good year classes hatched in 1957 and 1958, and we know and predicted a decline in fishing quality in 1962 and 1963 because samples showed few fish of the 1959 and 1960 hatches coming along. Curiously enough, we know also that the North Channel and South Bay populations are usually strong or weak in the same years, and that the southern Georgian Bay population remains fairly stable as compared to the violent fluctuations of all other populations in the lake. Each year, observations are made on wind, oxygen, temperature in the fall, in the spring, ice cover and all other items, including the abundance of other species, that might conceivably have a bearing on the success or failure of a white- fish year class. This is done in each area where a separate population occurs. Three, four and five years later the strength of the year class produced is deter- 249 mined by sampling the commercial catches. Efiforts are constantly applied to find which environmental factor or combination of factors produces the failures and the strong year classes. It is believed that the answer will be achieved earlier if several populations are studied at the same time. It is hoped that we are taking measurements of the responsible factors. Projects dealing with splake introductions at South Bay, with the smelt spawn- ing runs, gill net selectivity and others, were continued successfully in 1962. The sudden death in September of John Budd, scientist-in-charge of the Lake Huron program, was a severe loss to fisheries research in Ontario. LAKE ERIE Smelt, perch and walleye (yellow pickerel) were the species on which the attention of the Wheatley Station staff was concentrated during 1962. Smelt and perch received their attention because they were the most important species to the fishery, and also because regulations restrictive to the harvest of the very abundant perch were removed in response to demands by the industry. The walleye received attention through requests by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission reflecting concern over the current scarcity of this valuable and formerly abundant species. In the smelt studies, effort was directed to determining where smelt were concentrated at various times of the year, and why these concentrations occurred. This study required experimental trawling at grid locations adequate to cover the entire central and eastern basins (few smelt occur in the shallow western basin). In carrying out this program it was difficult for experienced fishermen to under- stand why the research staff fished and measured environmental conditions in areas which both fishermen and researchers were quite sure contained no smelt. It is felt however that both negative and positive measurements will reveal the "why" of smelt concentrations more quickly than will measurements only in areas of smelt schools. Preliminary data show that in late summer smelt in the central basin may be forced down from the surface by warm water, and forced up from the bottom by oxygen deficient water, and are therefore confined to a very thin layer in the thermocline. They may then move out to the eastern basin where water con- ditions are more favourable. Those which do not find their way to better water conditions are nicely concentrated for trawlers, but the stress of environmental conditions may contribute to their gradual emaciation. Further work, to clarify these preliminary suggestions, is planned for 1963. In the case of yellow perch, there was no apparent biological reason to dis- courage further exploitation. The research in the past had shown great abundance, high natural mortality and a suggestion of over-population. The program of study was geared to assess the impact of increased exploitation on this population. Such increased exploitation did not, in fact, develop because of economic conditions which led the fishermen to voluntarily restrict their catches. Studies did show, however, that the 1962 catch was supported largely by the 1959 year class (perch at three years of age); that catches were much larger in the western end than in the eastern end of the lake; and that growth of perch in the western end was noticeably slower than that of perch in the eastern end of the lake. All walleye data accumulated through routine sampling of the commercial catches were summarized and presented at a Great Lakes Fishery Commission meeting held in Ottawa in 1962. Although these data were limited, they were highly significant when combined with information submitted by other agencies from the U.S. side of the lake. Our data suggested that increases in fishing pressure 250 in the early 1950's, which greatly increased the total harvest of this species from the lake, may have had some significance in the recent decline in abundance. LAKE ONTARIO The dangers for the whitefish fishery inherent in the trend towards increasing variability in year class strength which was illustrated in the recruitment study (in press) this year, were emphasized by evidence of poor recruitment into the fishery during this year. The relative absence of small fish in the summer com- mercial catch has until now proven a reliable indicator of low age 3 representation in the catch, and unless a striking change in the distribution or rate of growth of the whitefish has taken place, it seems probable that the 1959 year class was not a strong one. Some 4735 whitefish from 85 commercial catches were examined during 1962. The observations from the summer experimental gillnetting program similarly did not include significant numbers of fish in the size range of normal two-year-olds, which may suggest that the following 1960 year class was also weak. The members of the large 1955 and 1957 year classes were readily caught at the same netting locations in 1957 and 1959. The whitefish catch-per-unit effort was substantially reduced this year from the 1961 level (which was affected by the absence of age 2-sized fish). These observations would admittedly be more con- clusive if based on age determinations, but the lack of evidence of gross growth- rate change in a wide range of past year class sizes lends quite a high probability that they are reliable. Two weak year classes in succession can be expected to reduce the commercial catch at least through 1963 and early 1964. Since the whitefish is the only species remaining to this fishery, such a gap could have a serious economic impact on the industry. This information from the 1962 research, coupled with the information reported last year on the importance of adequate spawning stock, led to a recom- mendation adopted by management for a restricted harvest of whitefish as a means of improving the future outlook for this fishery. The lake trout project was designed to assess the possibility of re-establishing a commercially useful population of lake trout in eastern Lake Ontario with a sea lamprey population continuing to exist in the area. This program entered a new phase this year. After a large number of small plantings, it was possible to conclude only that: (a) there were no indications of recruitment from natural spawnings. (b) survival of the introduced trout has been good in recent years. (c) the whitefish fishery catches significant numbers of the planted trout incidentally. (d) the number of fish surviving to reach sexual maturity was in all probability very small. It was suggested that the last point be examined by making two plantings of at least 100,000 yearling fish in successive years to terminate the experimental series. A request for the fish, forwarded to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, was recently granted, and the first planting of 100,000 fish is to be made in the spring of 1963. As was reported in 1960 and 1961, the walleye (yellow pickerel) study in the Bay of Quinte was restricted to the accumulation of data on a routine basis. This procedure was repeated in 1962 and while it allowed provision of information of immediate value to management locally, proper analysis to allow broad applica- bility of the results awaits additional scientific staff. 251 Game Fish Studies Most of the game fish research during 1962 remained based at the Harkness Laboratory at Lake Oj>eongo in Algonquin Park. In lake trout studies it was demonstrated that the slow-growing plankton feeding populations, if transferred to water where a diet of fish is available to them, the trout quickly change their feeding habits and begin to grow very rapidly, even more rapidly than trout which have been accustomed to a fish diet. BROOK TROUT In the brook trout research program which was started in 1961 the first experimental plantings were made in specially selected lakes. These planting experiments are designed to provide data which will form the basis for developing a sound stocking rate formula for the various lake types which are routinely planted by management. The plantings also test the relative success of stocking brook trout, rainbows and splake in the same waters. The search for additional lakes suitable for additional test plantings is continuing. SMALLMOUTH BASS Past studies of smallmouth bass have demonstrated that strong year classes are produced in exceptionally warm summers. Such summers occurred in 1955 and in 1959. Creel census data collected during 1962 at Lake Opeongo, Parry Sound and South Bay indicate that bass of the 1959 year class had grown to a size vulnerable and attractive to the angler and contributed good numbers to the creel. Good bass fishing, supported by this strong year class, is predicted for these waters for the next two years. Four lakes were selected and surveyed in detail earlier in 1962 for experi- mental plantings of bass fingerlings. Plantings of 5000 fingerlings were made in each lake in August. It is hoped that this study will help to settle the question of the usefulness of planting hatchery reared bass in waters where native populations already exist. All planted bass were marked so that in three or four years' time, when and if they form part of the angler's catch, they can be positively identified. The scientist in charge left on educational leave for post-graduate studies in the fall of 1961. His summer assistant, a graduate biologist, continued the work until the fall of 1962 when he left for budgetary reasons. MISCELLANEOUS A planting of arctic char in Westward Lake made in 1956 was assessed during 1962 and it was found that the species had reproduced successfully. The grayling introduction at Found Lake, although initially successful, has now dis- appeared, perhaps simply because of the short life span of this species. Further experimental introductions of grayling in three distinct lake types are planned for 1963. Maple Headquarters SELECTIVE BREEDING The research on selective breeding in fish was continued at Maple and efforts were again confined to the splake (the selective crossings of brook trout and lake trout) . The objective of this work is to develop a new trout which will be able, by reproducing at an early age, to maintain its population in the Great Lakes even if 252 the lamprey is not controlled. As a side product, and perhaps even more important than the immediate objective, much is being learned about the patterns of character inheritance in fish. Such new knowledge and techniques may one day be as impor- tant in the management of fisheries as it has become in livestock, agriculture and horticulture. The additional physical facilities required, primarily water supply and rearing facilities, were not made available in 1962, and losses from disease intensified by overcrowding greatly reduced progress. In the mass selection phase of the project, a complete year class had to be discarded. Advances on the theoretical level were achieved but numbers of individually selected fishes were reduced by mortalities to levels where the production of practical numbers was jeopardized seriously. LIMNOLOGY A new research endeavour in the field of limnology was launched in 1962. This is vital to all fisheries studies which search for causes of the violent and costly fluctuations in year class strength of species such as bass, walleye and white- fish. The scientist in charge will co-ordinate and give needed direction to the assimilation of data collected by all other research units. He is expected to develop an over-all plan for the collection of data on currents, wave-action, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, ice cover, plankton bloom and any other factors v/hich may be related to the success or failure of year class strength. Such co-ordination and direction is expected to provide greater efficiency and speedier progress in the various fisheries projects. This research unit is also expected to provide effective and productive liaison with the Great Lakes Institute which is supported by our funds in its limnological research over all the Great Lakes. PARASITOLOGY The work on parasites of fishes, as yet still in a preliminary stage of develop- ment, revealed so many new records of parasites on so many different species that, at this time, we can only be very much impressed with our ignorance. Parasites and diseases on human populations are the subjects of tremendous research activities because they cause death. In fisheries they are in all probability equally or more impyortant in their effect on populations. We know little, as yet, about what parasites and diseases infect the important species of fish, let alone their effect or their cure. MISCELLANEOUS Other headquarters staff performed administrative duties and ensured co-ordination between research units of the section and between the section and other agencies in Ontario and other provinces and countries. This function greatly increases the effective amount of research applied to fisheries in Ontario beyond the amount actually undertaken in the province. FORESTRY RESEARCH The integrated forestry research program is described below under the head- ings of Silvicultural Research Units, Site, Reforestation, Tree Breeding, Quality Wood, and White Pine Blister Rust Reconnaissance Surveys. 253 Silvicultural Research Units Silvicultural research units have been established in the different administrative regions of the province to study those characteristics of the commercial tree species which affect growth and reproduction. The object is to develop cultural practices which will ensure maximum production of quality wood within economic limits. Such knowledge is essential for the proper management of the forest resource of Ontario. An outline of the status of the main projects for each regional unit is given below. MID-WESTERN FOREST RESEARCH UNIT During 1962, the program of studies on the silvicultural characteristics of the commercially important tree species of the area was continued. White spruce, balsam fir, black spruce and jack pine are the most important species for study in this region. Natural Regeneration. In the white spruce - balsam fir forest type, 3200 mil-acre quadrats have been established to compare the regeneration obtained following the conventional cutting of all merchantable trees on an area, with that obtained when some white spruce were left to provide a seed source. An improved seedbed was obtained by disturbing the ground surface in two ways, by mechanical scarification and by the use of tree-length logging. Preliminary results have shown an improvement in the numbers of white spruce seedlings when seed trees were present; however, severe competition has developed from underbrush and other tree species. The assessment of regeneration in black spruce - jack pine stands following conventional clear-cutting, was carried out on 1060 mil-acre quadrats established in 1949 in the Auden area. This study of regeneration, stand composition changes and growth will be continued. NORTHERN FOREST RESEARCH UNIT The study of the silvics of the important trees in the black spruce cover type was continued. The satisfactory development of black spruce growing on lowland sites is the main objective in this unit. Natural Regeneration. An experiment to improve the growth of spruce regeneration on deep peat soils, by lowering the water table with drainage ditches, was established in 1960 on the Leitch township research reserve. Weekly measure- ments of water table levels were taken throughout the growing season. Ditches that were made two years previously had become partially filled by peat; these were re-opened, in part by manual labour and in part by dynamiting. Additional strips were cleared of trees for later dynamiting of drainage ditches. This project has indicated that the lateral flow of water into the drainage ditches has been slight. The literature from Russia and the Scandinavian countries, which have similar peat problems, has been followed closely to assess their methods of dealing with peat. An experimental cutting was carried out during 1951 in a black spruce stand in Leitch township to determine the effect of different cutting methods on regeneration. This study is continuing. CENTRAL FOREST RESEARCH UNIT The work of this research unit consists both of field and laboratory studies of problems of tree nutrition related particularly to forest disturbance and 254 regeneration. It includes studies of the ecology of red spruce, and work on smelter fume pollution in relation to forest soils and vegetation. Tree Nutrition, Forest Disturbance and Regeneration. These studies are designed to provide explanations for such questions as why some tree seedlings grow better than others as a result of different types of scarification, and whether or not repeated prescribed burning has a detrimental effect on forest soils. Studies are under way on the effects of prescribed burning and scarification on nutrient release in the soil, and the uptake of these nutrients on the growth of tree seedlings. Productivity Ecology of Red Spruce. The red spruce tree has characteristics which should prove very useful in improving the productivity of derelict tolerant hardwood and mixed-wood stands. The study is designed to measure the growth and productivity of red spruce in pure and mixed stands on the complete range of physiographic sites across its range in Ontario. Information derived from this study should prove useful in studying all spruces, and comparative measurements are being made on white and black spruce when these species occur in association with red spruce. It is hoped to provide explanations of differences in spruce growth as related to nutrient uptake from forest soils. In addition, total productivity (dry weight production) and ground flora relationships are being investigated. This is probably the first time in Canada that foliar sampling and analysis of tall trees is being attempted. It is hoped to make use of the most modem techniques available, such as computer programming in working up the data in order to save time and obtain the most definitive information. Work proceeding on the genetic variation in spruce includes the examination of different strains for the best ecological characteristics. Early indications are that natural or artificial hybrids between red and black spruce, while possibly possessing some hybrid vigour, are not nearly as desirable as the parent species. The hybrids are exceedingly rough and limby. A large scale experimental under- planting has been established, and assistance to the Timber Branch on the establish- ment of seed production areas is continuing. This includes the location and demarcation of suitable spruce stands, and the selection of the trees to be used for release and subsequent seed collection. Smelter Fume Pollution. The objective of this study is to provide information on the nature of smelter fume damage and its effects on forest vegetation, forest soils and waters as a prerequisite for suggesting means of jx)llution control and the best means of forest land management under the circumstances. The research officer and a member of the Botany Department, University of Toronto, have carried out studies at both Sudbury and Wawa on the fallout from mine ore smelter fumes and the effects on forest soil, lake waters, aquatic and forest vegetation. A series of four papers on this subject has now been published. SOUTH CENTRAL FOREST RESEARCH UNIT Most of the research effort has been directed towards the major commercial species in this region: white and red pine, hard maple and yellow birch. Sugar Maple Growth and Quality. Studies are being conducted to show how defect is associated with growth or growing conditions and to define the conditions under which suitable growth and quality of sugar (hard) maple can be attained. Cross sections of sugar maple trees which were felled commercially were obtained for tree development studies. Growth measurements taken from these samples indicated that tree quality was dependent on continued rapid growth. Defects and decay tend to be associated with slow growth. 255 The development of defect associated with natural branch pruning was analyzed with respect to growth rate and stand conditions using an I.B.M. 650 computer. This study showed that by manipulating growing conditions through cutting or improvement work, this defect may be reduced. Additional information of a similar nature was collected in the field on other wound types such as logging scars and fire scars. An artificial wound inducement experiment was commenced in co-operation with the Federal Forest Pathology Laboratory to substantiate these findings. Stand structure and basal area studies were started in a stand of hard maple, beech and yellow birch. All trees on a 6-acre block were measured and mapped. Preliminary analysis of this information indicates that useful control guides for timber marking may be developed. Preliminary plans are being made to develop a demonstration management area in co-operation with the Parry Sound District. This should provide a useful training and study area for silvics, timber marking, tree grading, stand structure, regeneration and growing stock regulation on some of the major combinations of cover types and land types in the region. Yellow Birch. The large quantities of mature yellow birch which occur in the Parry Sound and Pembroke Districts have been available to meet the heavy demand for this valuable tree. However, the paucity of second growth yellow birch timber and the general failure of its regeneration after logging indicated a need to learn its requirements. Basic studies have been undertaken to determine the seedbed and light requirements on sites where yellow birch reaches its best development. Knowledge gained from the studies supjxjrts the belief that successive crops may be obtained under suitable conditions. Experimental cutting methods have been undertaken and tallies are continuing on plots in the Swan Lake forest research reserve. White and Red Pine Regeneration and Growth. This work is designed to evaluate various techniques for establishing regeneration and improving the growth of pine to re-establish the once extremely important pine lumbering industry. Ten-year measurement data were obtained in thinned plots in Pembroke District. A second group of plots, to be remeasured in 1963, will provide the last data required for reporting purposes. Present results indicate the thinning treatments were effective in modifying growth rates. Good growth of survivors occurred only where the heavier cuttings were made. On dry sites important reductions in numbers of natural seedlings occurred with all regeneration treatments. An underplanting experiment using white pine is now nine years old. Release of these trees by axe-girdling has indicated that immediate release is most beneficial for all species in terms of growth and survival. Tubed Seedlings. The objective of this work is to develop an acceptable and inexpensive method of reforestation which could be useful in extending the planting season and in providing stock for planting immediately after wildfires, and on short notice. The survival of tubed seedlings one year following planting has been good (about 90%) and height growth in open plantings was only slightly less than that of nursery seedlings. A small-scale operational planting was carried out in a recent burn, using stock six weeks old. SOUTH WESTERN FOREST RESEARCH UNIT The research program of this unit is confined to the specific woodlot and plantation problems of primary importance in southern Ontario. For example, 256 experiments have been designed for the establishment of high quality silver maple in swamps which have been devastated by the Dutch Elm Disease. This problem has stimulated an intensive search for high quality silver maple phenotypes which could be used as a nucleus for propagating quality trees of this species in southern Ontario. To date, nine such trees have been located in the Lake Erie District and propagated by budding at the Orono Forest Nursery. In addition, silver maple and eastern cottonwood have been planted under swamp conditions with consider- able success. Red oak and hybrid poplar have also been successfully established under cultivated conditions on sites which are normally planted with white and red pine. Tree Species Research. Measurements showing the annual diameter growth and the seasonal diameter growth patterns of hard maple, American basswood, white ash, silver maple, bur oak and red pine have been collected at bi-monthly Intervals during the growing season to determine the effects of thinning, spacing and pruning on diameter growth. Forest Chemical Studies. Forest chemical research studies have indicated that 2,4-D ester at the rate of two pounds acid equivalent in ten gallons of water is an extremely effective dosage for eliminating hawthorn and wild apple when applied in mist form as a foliage spray. Such a spray may be used scientifically on weed species growing on rough land, prior to planting with valuable forest trees. Mechanical Research. The Cram Injector was tested as a special instrument for applying silvicides to the bole of low quality trees for chemical thinning pur- poses. It was highly successful on poplar, white birch and alder. Soil Conservation Research. Gully erosion studies in the John Pierce Park indicated that vegetative control alone is inadequate for preventing serious soil erosion in this guUy, and such measures can only be successful provided the run- off during peak flood periods can be controlled with one or more dams. However, if run-off can be controlled mechanically, it is recommended that black locust be planted on the dry gully sides and willow on the low spots, as both species when established will prevent or reduce surface erosion. SOUTH EASTERN FOREST RESEARCH UNIT The main objectives of this unit are to determine the effects of prescribed burning as an aid to forest management in Ontario, and to learn the silvics of basswood relating especially to germination problems. Prescribed Burning. Spring burning was carried out again in a small diameter hardwood stand, mainly of coppice origin, to evaluate the use of fire as a means of eliminating undesirable reproduction. Maple stems up to 1-inch diameter were destroyed by a single fire of moderate intensity. A preliminary test was made of the germination of seeds of four coniferous species on a seedbed prepared by spring burning. In October, 1962, burning was completed in three study areas in hardwood stands and in a 9-acre tract in the University of Toronto Forest. The effects of these and previous bums are being studied, but it is already apparent that fall burning in hardwoods does provide a satisfactory seedbed for seed falling subsequent to the bum. Although complete preburn planning and preparation are necessary for all prescribed burns, their value was emphasized last fall when this unit was able to take advantage of suitable burning conditions which unusual weather conditions had created during a 24-hour period. BassM'ood. The emphasis has been on obtaining satisfactory germination of seeds, and on the survival and growth of seedlings when underplanted in natural 257 stands and plantations to increase their value. Seed was collected periodically from selected trees and stored under various conditions prior to seeding tests in 1963. In the spring of 1962, over 1300 basswood seedlings were planted in a hard- wood stand that had been cut selectively in 1958. Their survival and growth will be recorded and compared with that of natural hardwood seedlings of similar size and age. White Spruce Regeneration Survey. In connection with an experimental program aimed at combining deer management and timber management, a regeneration survey was made of a cutover area in the Tweed Forest District to determine the adequacy of the spruce component. Site Research Site research is the study of the productivity of land. Knowledge pertaining to the relationships between soils, climates and crops are organized in a classifi- cation system adaptable to various kinds of management of renewable natural resources in Ontario. The forest is the major crop considered, but the classification system also provides a biological basis for rating the potential of land for fish, wildlife, agriculture and recreation. Research in the productivity of land is considered under three groupings: Regional Site Research, Factorial Site Research, and Site Evaluation Research. REGIONAL SITE RESEARCH Regional Site Research is the study of the variations in the relationships between soils, climates and forests from place to place and evaluates their signifi- cance for management. Mapping of physiography on a broad basis is performed to indicate the distribution of land patterns. Regional fieldwork has been continued in northwestern Ontario. Initial mapping of landtype patterns was carried out on 2,500 square miles east of Lake Nipigon, while previously mapped areas were checked on an additional 3,000 square miles west of the lake. A paper, "Glacial Features of the Canadian Lake- head Area", was submitted for publication in The Canadian Geographer. The main emphasis of fieldwork in northwestern Ontario was upon the collection of data pertaining to glacial features of the area. This data will form the basis for a report similar to the published report of glacial history for northwestern Ontario. FACTORIAL SITE RESEARCH Factorial Site Research is the study of individual site factors and their role in productivity of common sites in Ontario. Soil nutrients and soil moisture are at present under investigation. In soil nutrient research, a study on release of calcium from minerals is almost finalized and techniques are being developed to determine the relative value of soil parent materials as primary sources of nutrients. Facilities for soil moisture research were established and testing of equipment has progressed. A paper, "The Water Balance of the University Forest", was pub- lished in the technical report series of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, whilst a Research Information Paper, "Water Potential and the Movement of Soil Water", is on the press. 258 SITE EVALUATION RESEARCH Site Evaluation Research is the study of the productive capacity of land categories for various crops under various types of management. For a reference area in the southeastern region, use capability ratings were developed for timber, fish, wildlife, agriculture and recreation. A paper, "The Regional Approach to Land-Use Capability Ratings", was presented at a seminar on a National Land Capability Inventory in Ottawa, organized by the Directorate of the Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development Act (ARDA). MISCELLANEOUS The facilities of the draughting room and soils laboratory were fully used in various phases of site research. Work of the Site Unit was explained to visiting groups such as members of the World Meteorological Organization and to participants of the joint meeting of the Canadian Institute of Forestry and the Society of American Foresters. Members participated in the Northeastern Forest Soils Conference in Pennsylvania. One member, while on holidays in Europe, also visited during a ten-day period with the Department's support a number of forest soil institutes in West Germany to discuss site classification and soil nutrients. Reforestation Research The objective of this unit is to procure information for the scientific advance- ment of the reforestation program of the Department. It is closely associated with the work of the Reforestation and Silviculture Sections of the Timber Branch. The research program is conducted largely through experiments at the nurseries, on the planting sites and in plantations. NURSERY STUDIES Several long-term studies in the nurseries, coupled with shorter studies, have yielded information pertaining to nursery operations. An assessment of the statis- tical methods of sampling, as applied to nursery stock inventory, has been made. Studies of methods of root pruning to produce better seedling stock are being continued. The program of artificial acidification of nursery soils has produced valuable information which awaits final assessment in terms of the success of the planting stock. PLANTING METHODS Several experiments and studies have been directed to the relationships between variations of establishment techniques and the survival and growth of the tree. Some information is available on growth to the end of the tenth year follow- ing several methods of hand and machine planting. A detailed study has been conducted in one area where large-scale planting failures had been observed. Much of the work has emphasized the need for consistent care in all phases of the operation — both in the nursery and in the outpl anting — and of the important influences of local weather on the success of plantations. FOREST FERTILIZATION A number of experimental plots which have been fertilized in various ways, following soil and foliar analysis, are being studied. The growth of trees is recorded 259 by means of dendrometer tapes, some placed at regular intervals up the trees. Most of the work is done in red pine plantations, but some work had been started on other species. Additional work is being done on the uses of fertilizers at the time of planting to assist in the rapid establishment of new plantations. FROST DAMAGE TO PLANTATION Frost damage is a serious problem of plantations in some areas. Experimental work continues on the relationship of the rates of dehardening of plant tissues to frost damage and kUl. Laboratory techniques related to the artificial simulation of frost, and rapid measurement of damage through electrical resistance changes, are progressing. Forest Tree Breeding Breeding work with white pine, hard pines, aspen poplars and white cedar was continued. Work with chestnut was retained on a maintenance basis. WHITE PINE Resistance to blister rust and weevil, and satisfactory growth form and growth rate were the main objectives in breeding. The acquisition of new materials consisted of scions of 47 clones of white pine and 15 clones of exotic species. The selection for resistance to blister rust comprised 92 clones of white pine and 14 clones of various hybrids and exotic species. The crosses made in 1962 consisted of 20 different kinds, used 511 bags and yielded 942 young cones. Another thousand field grafts for weevil resistance studies were made at the Kirkwood Management Unit. A pruning experiment, to induce early pollen production in grafts, was initiated. A provenance test plantation, established in the Ganaraska Forest in 1951, received its first thinning. A total of 2575 cuttings from 41 selected young trees of seedling origin were treated with Rootone and planted in propagation beds in the fall. HARD PINES The development of new types, resistant to the European shoot moth and superior in growth form and growth rate, continued to be the aim of this project. The study of the effects of inbreeding in red pine continued to be the most active part of the program. Growth measurements of seedlings resulting from both self-pollination and cross-pollination on nine trees at Vivian Forest support the previous conclusion that these trees are genetically uniform. Of the 1 50 pollinations made in 1961 on 50 trees, representing a considerable portion of the red pine range, 101 yielded viable seeds. The flower, cone, seed, germination and seedling data indicate that red pine is homozygous for a large number of alleles. It is self- fertile and self-compatible, and seedlings resulting from self-pollination exhibit little inbreeding depression. Pollinations, using pollens of widely different sources, were made on 59 trees. No evidence was found indicating the presence of different races of red pine. Studies of natural variation in red pine supported the conclusion that this species is morphologically uniform throughout its range. Similar, but more limited, studies with jack pine and white pine indicated that 260 these species are genetically much more variable than red pine. The hybridization was mainly within the Lariciones section. Interspecific pollinations were made on 1531 flowers of 36 clones, involving the species: P. resinosa, silvestris, nigra, mugo, clensiflora, tabulaejormis, hwangshanensis and some interspecific hybrids of the above. The cross P. pungens x banksiana was also attempted. A single red pine bearing a genetic marker was pollinated with different mixtures of self and dead pollen to determine if there was a selection against this marker. Six clones of P. mugo, two of P. silvestris, as well as seedling populations of P. resinosa, silvestris and hwangshanensis were the main acquisitions. Scions from six P. rigida and four P. rigida x echinata, and seeds from populations of P. rigida x elliottii, P. rigida x echinata were also acquired. POPLAR The production of aspen-like hybrids, suitable for growing in southern Ontario continued to be the chief aim of this project. The new acquisitions comprised 15 clones and four populations, mostly of aspen materials. A total of 155 new clones were selected, mainly on the basis of growth rate, growth form and freedom from disease. In the fall of 1961, a total of 7383 cuttings were set out for rooting ability tests. Of these, 4920 were used in a more detailed analysis and represented 82 clones. Only four clones of P. alba in this test had a rooting ability of 65% or over. Thus far no first-generation aspen hybrids have reached this level of rooting. In the fall of 1962 a total of 9608 cuttings were set out for rooting ability tests and of these, 2460 represented 41 clones for more detailed observations. Poplar materials were supplied to establish four test plantations with a total of 3902 plants. WHITE CEDAR The production of improved types of this species and of western red cedar hybrids, hardy in southern Ontario, is the aim of this project. The survival of some western red cedar populations set out in the Ganaraska Forest in 1961 was tallied. Several populations contained a relatively high pro- portion of plants which are winter hardy at this locality. A number of rooted cuttings and hybrid seedlings were set out on their permanent location at the Southern Research Station. SWEET CHESTNUT (Castanea) The aim of this project is the production of hardy dwarf types, resistant to blight and suitable as dwarfing stocks in a breeding program with timber-type chestnuts. No new work was undertaken on this project. Wood Quality Three wood quality symposia were held during 1959 and 1960, initiated by the Department of Lands and Forests and sponsored by the Advisory Committee on Forestry and Forest Products. As a result of these meetings a Wood Quality Unit was established within the Research Branch, Department of Lands and Forests in June 1962, and the Ontario Research Foundation was engaged on an annual contract to develop a program under the guidance of an Advisory Committee, con- sisting of appropriate heads of staff in the Research Branch, Faculty of Forestry, 261 University of Toronto and Ontario Research Foundation. The purpose of these studies is to obtain an understanding of the specific physical and chemical char- acteristics which provide the basis for the preference of forest industry for certain wood species. RESEARCH BRANCH During the past year the Research Branch has: a) established the nucleus of a staff specifically concerned with this project; b) designated two species, black spruce and red pine, for study in order of priority; c) conducted field surveys to locate superior trees, and supplied sampling material to the Ontario Research Foundation for laboratory analysis. ONTARIO RESEARCH FOUNDATION The Ontario Research Foundation has: a) established the nucleus of a laboratory staff specifically concerned with this project; b) assembled and designed special laboratory equipment and developed special techniques; c) conducted laboratory studies of samples supplied by the Department and provided appropriate technical reports. Poplar was selected as the first species for examination during the orientation period. One of the objectives was to assess the normal variation which might be expected between trees of the same genetic background and the same life history. Using physical-chemical and pulping tests, significant differences between individual specimens were found. However, the differences were not consistent between groups of trees of similar parentage, except for one factor analyzed, that of per- centage of lignin content. It was concluded that either differences in micro- environment controlled wood properties, or the trees selected were not truly of the same parentage. When black spruce was accepted as the species of first importance, prelimi- nary studies were carried out to relate the external characteristics of tree foliage to internal wood fibre properties such as fibre length and diameter, cell wall thickness and wood density. Preliminary analysis indicated an incidental relationship between needle spacing and tree growth. In the middle of the needle density range higher densities were associated with greater height growth, whereas extremely high and low densities were associated respectively with very poor and very good growth. Verification of this hypothesis is now being made. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO The program of the University of Toronto was not started in 1962. Plans were, however, formulated to commence early in 1963 with their studies on the effect of environmental factors on diameter, wall thickness, and lignification of wood fibre cells. These fibre attributes will be correlated with environmental conditions under strict control in growth chambers. White Pine Blister Rust Reconnaissance Surveys Reconnaissance surveys are conducted annually by the Research Branch, in co-operation with the Forest Protection Branch and the Forest Districts which are within the commercial range of white pine in Ontario. The purpose of the surveys, as well as the coincident scientific examinations and appraisals, is to obtain information and provide a basis for recommendations which will assist the Department in its protection and timber management plans 262 and decisions. These would include the salvage of operable diseased white pine timber before complete loss; infection controls, such as in Ribes eradication programs; production of rust-free nursery stock; and selection of planting sites A'ith a minimum hazard for rust infection. In 1962, examinations (or in some cases re-examination) were made in the Little Nipissing River area in the Pembroke District, Simcoe County in the Lake Simcoe District, North and South Dumfries Townships in the Lake Huron District, the Nipigon valley of the Port Arthur District, and several areas in the Fort Frances District. Surveys and investigations in recent years within the commercial range of white pine in northern Ontario have indicated that in some areas the disease is severe and increasing. Miscellaneous Note. Mr. J, Holowacz, a forester in the Research Branch, returned from educational leave after successfully completing a Master's degree course in Forest Economics. STATISTICS AND MENSURATION This section is maintained primarily to carry out a policy of proper initial design of experiments and of correct analysis of the resulting data. Details of the experimental work are reported by the sections carrying out the field work. The variety of experimental data to be analyzed covers a wide range including mortality and growth of planted trees to test the effect of different methods of treatment such as variation in baling and storage methods, root pruning, fertili- zation, thinning, etc; standards for culling and grading nursery stock; methods of securing accurate inventories of numbers of trees in nurseries; variation in soil flora following prescribed burning; inherited characteristics of different strains of tree species with particular reference to resistance to insect and fungus attack, and to requirements for optimum seed germination; effects of herbicides; statistics of age and weight of deer; animal censuses. In addition, work in forest mensuration is carried out since it requires use of similar techniques. Determination of Volume of Wood Cut Objective : To investigate possible alternative methods to the present method of complete scaling of timber cut on crown lands. Three experimental cruises of standing timber that were later cut and scaled have been carried out. The check of the cruised volume with scale was, in two cases, satisfactory. Final scale figures in the third case are not yet available. The question of the scaling in some cases of only a sample of the wood cut and also of substituting weighing for scaling diameters are being considered. Growth of White Pine Objective: To obtain knowledge of the growth of white pine and a basis for estimating future yields of young pine. Also, to test a proposed index diameter method of estimating yield. The field work has been completed and working up of the data is in progress. Permanent Sample Plots Objective : To obtain knowledge of tree growth and of the effect of thinnings, release cuttings, etc, by a periodic remeasurement of plots. 263 The measurement of plots established on agreement forests was taken over by this section this year at the request of the Timber Branch. The plots on the York County Forest were measured and thinned. Next year, the plots on the Simcoe County Forest and some of the plots established by the University of Toronto in the Petawawa Management Unit are due for remeasurement and thinning. Volume Tables Objective: Construction of volume tables for our principal timber species. Co-operation has been furnished in an investigation by a graduate student in the Faculty of Forestry into methods of constructing volume tables on an IBM computer. It is expected to make use of the techniques developed to construct volume tables from the data for about 25,000 trees available in the Department. MECHANICAL RESEARCH The function of the Mechanical Research Section is to develop, improve and test equipment and instruments to meet the special needs of the Department in protection, utilization and management. The Section is called upon particularly to design and construct unique pieces of equipment to carry out its numerous projects to the best advantage. Consulting and supplying technical advice in the field of mechanical engineering is another important function of the Section. The projects described below illustrate the scope of the work undertaken in the past year. Forest Fire Pump Tests The operation of the forest fire pump and fire fighting equipment laboratory was continued throughout the year. Especial emphasis was placed on testing 2-cycle fire pump engine lubricants. Test results showed that the use of a naphthenic base 2-cycle engine oil would increase the endurance of the Mark I fire pump substantially. Portable Steam Cooker A cooker was constructed for use at fire camps to provide better meals for forest fire fighters, and also to eliminate waste occasioned by inadequate cooking facilities. The cooker permits the serving of hot meals on a 24-hour basis. Aerial Forest Tree Seeder A seeding device was designed and constructed to sow seeds from a helicopter. Incorporated in the design was a means of closely controlling the weight of seed sown per acre. Field trials were made in the spring and late fall of 1962, and reports indicate that its performance was very satisfactory. However, it took almost a full day to mount the model produced, and a modified seeder will be constructed which will enable it to be quickly mounted and detached from a helicopter. Splake Selection Apparatus A water re-circulator has been designed for use in the trout hybrid breeding program of the fisheries research section. The construction of a pilot model was started and will be ready for a three-month test in 1963. The intention is to con- 264 serve water in fish-holding tanks, by means of special filters and close temperature controls. Tubed Seedling Filler A project of the forestry research section has progressed to a point where large-scale field tests are justified in planting tree seeds in special tubes. The construction of a machine has been started to fill the tubes with soil and plant the seeds in one quick operation. The development of the most suitable type of tube is one part of the problem. Snowmobile Modification A snowmobile which was originally built by the section is being modified. TTie machine has been found to be the best means by which fish and game over- seers can inspect fish huts and other winter operations on Lake Simcoe. Jet-drive Steel Trapnet Boat A 24-foot steel trapnet boat with a jet-drive unit powered by a 6-cylinder gasoline engine was built in the fall of 1962 for use on the Lake-of-the-Woods. Research Vessels Among the many other projects, diesel engine installations and modifications were made on two research boats. INFRARED FOREST FIRE DETECTION EXPERIMENT The Research Branch was instructed in 1961 to make a study of the feasibility of using infrared heat sensory equipment in the detection of forest fires, when they actually start, "to solve a problem that should make for more efficient forest protection". The objective is to detect fires sooner than by present visual means. Small forest fires which have just started do not usually put up sufficient smoke for visual detection, either from lookout towers or aircraft. They burn, and increase in size, for some time before they are seen. Newly started fires in the forest cannot be seen under the extensive smoke pall of large going fires, nor can they be seen at night. The Research Branch designed and conducted an experiment in 1962, in co- operation with the Forest Protection Branch. The Special Products and Applied Research Division of De Havilland Aircraft Ltd. was engaged, under contract, to assist the Department in the mechanical and electronic aspects of the experiment and the reduction of the measurement data, as both called for specialized skills and knowledge. The infrared equipment used consisted of a TIA radiometer and fly-over recorder, loaned to the Department by the Defence Research Board of Canada/CARDE. No night flying was undertaken or tests made through smoke haze, as this particular experiment was dependent on a fly-over recorder which photographed both the ground below the Beaver aircraft used and the infrared signals within the field of view of the radiometer installed. The test areas were selected in the Sault Ste. Marie and Lake Simcoe Districts. Fires of uniform size and intensity were spaced in various densities of coniferous 265 forest cover, and the aircraft in which the infrared equipment was installed made repeated flights over the fire targets. Analysis of the measurement data indicated that small (2-ft. diameter) smoke- less fires located in the coniferous forests selected can produce detectable signals at least 70% of the time on the TIA radiometric equipment used. None of these fires could be seen at any time by observers in aircraft, nor could they be seen from lookout towers. This 1962 experiment provided only an assessment of possibilities. Further tests would be required to assess the obstacles to practical application. REPORTS Research Branch Reports Published During the Year Ending March 31, 1963 " Wildlife Tagging Moose by Helicopter. D. W. Simkin. Jour. Wildl. Mgt., Vol. 27, No. 1, Jan. 1963. Is a Research Program on Wolves Justifiable? D. H. Pimlott. Bull, of Federa- tion of Ont. Naturalists. No. 98, pp. 6-10, Sept. 1962. Weights of Ontario Moose. D. W. Simkin. Ont. Fish and Wildl. Review. Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 10-12, 1962. Rabies in Ontario. Research Information Bulletins (Wildlife) for March, April, May, June, July and October, by A. Fyvie. For November, December and January, by D. H. Johnson. * Fisheries Exploitation of the Canadian Lake Huron Whitefish. J. C. Budd and D. Cucin. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc, Vol. 91, No. 2, April, 1962. Experimental Hybridization Among Three Coregonine Fishes. E. T. Garside and W. J. Christie. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., Vol. 91, No. 2, April 1962. Status of Fisheries Research Projects for the Year 1961. Section Report (Fisheries) No. 44. * The Geographical Distribution and Status of the Smallmouth Bass Micropterus Dolomieui Lacepede in the Forest Districts of Ontario. J. C. MacLeod. Research Information Paper No. 20. * Brook Trout Lakes and the Role of Hatchery Fish. J. M. Eraser. Research Information Paper (Fisheries) No. 22. * Forestry Wood Quality (proceedings of three symposia). Research Report No. 48. Breeding for Disease Resistance in Forest Trees. C. C. Heimburger. The Forestry Chronicle 38(3) :356-362, 1962. Initial Studies Indicate Pinus resinosa Little Affected by Selfing. D. P. Fowler. 9th NEFTIC Proceedings, Syracuse, N.Y. Aug. 23-25, 1961, 3-8. 266 Soil-vegetation Relationships in the Boreal Clay Belts of Eastern Canada. G. A. Hills. National Museum of Canada, Cat. No. R92-2162. (in Rept. on Botanical Excursion to the Boreal Forest Region in Northern Quebec and Ontario, edited by W. K. W. Baldwin). (Available through Queen's Printer, Ottawa.) 1962. Water Potential and the Movement of Soil Water. Geoffrey Pierpoint. Research Information Paper (Forestry) No. 24. * The Water Balance of the University of Toronto Forest. G. Pierpoint and J. L. Farrar. University of Toronto, Faculty of Forestry, Tech. Report No. 3, 1962. Glacial History of Part of Northwestern Ontario. S. C. Zoltai. Proceedings of Geological Association of Canada, Vol. 13. 1961. Electrical Resistance as a Measure of Injury to Conifers by Unfavourable Tem- peratures. C. Glerum. Forest Science 8 (3) September 1962. Storage of Planting Stock in the Field. R. E. MuUin. Forestry Chronicle 38 (3) September 1962. Growth of White Spruce in the Nursery. R. E. Mullin. Forestry Science 9(1) March 1963. Moisture Relations of Nursery Stock. R. H. Leech. Tree Planters' Notes No. 52, 1962. U.S. Forest Service. Some Observations of the Effects of 2,4,5-T Basal Spray on Tree Species, Conger Township 1954-1958. G. A. Sinclair. Research Section Report (Forestry) No. 43. * Progress Report of Prescribed Burning in Hardwood Stands in Ontario 1960. G. A. Sinclair. Research Section Report (Forestry) No. 45. * Over-winter Storage of Coniferous Seedlings as a Means of Preventing Late Frost Damage. Jorgensen E. and W. Stanek. Forestry Chronicle. Vol. 38, No. 2, 1962. Some Effects of Smelter Pollution upon Aquatic Vegetation Near Sudbury, Ontario. Eville Gorham and Alan G. Gordon. Canadian Journal of Botany, Vol. 41, 1963. Ecological Aspects of Air Pollution from an Iron Sintering Plant at Wawa, Ontario. Alan G. Gordon and Eville Gorham. Canadian Journal of Botany, Vol. 41, 1963. * Reports distributed only to Department staff. 267 268 TIMBER BRANCH Responsibilities of Timber Branch !. Timber sales and Licences, measuring of timber cut, preparation of accounts for collection of stumpage charges, compiling of statistics. 2. Production of planting stock at tree nurseries. This includes acquisition, treat- ment, storage, distributing seed, the establishment of seed production plots, and the distribution of nursery stock for planting. 3. Management on a sustained yield basis of the Forests of the Province, the preparation of the forest inventory and its continuous up-dating. Preparation and analysis of operating and management plans covering Crown and Company management units. Directing cutting methods to promote natural regeneration and release cutting for stand improvement. 4. Supervision of reforestation on Crown land by tree planting and direct seeding and other means. 5. Extension Forestry which assists organizations and individuals interested in reforestation, woodlot management and conservation. 6. Management and reforestation of demonstration forests. County and Municipal forests, Conservation Authority forests under agreement for management. 7. Planning and supervision of the construction of forest access roads to open up wood producing areas. 8. Licensing of sawmills, pulp and paper mills. 9. Registration and licensing of scalers. REFORESTATION SECTION During the current fiscal year, a total of 43,767,916 units of nursery stock was furnished from 1 1 nurseries operated through the Reforestation Section. This is an increase of 573,053 over the number furnished during the previous fiscal year. Tree seed was collected, processed, and sown and nursery operations con- tinued to develop the output of nursery stock from the nurseries to approximately 60,000,000 units per annum in accordance with established targets. The acreage of forest areas being managed for Counties, Townships, and Conservation Authorities under agreements entered into between the Minister and such corporations increased by 11,359. acres to a total of 167,522.20 acres. 269 TIMBER BRANCH BRANCH CHIEF J.A.BRODIE •ASSISTANT BRANCH CHIEF M.B.MORISON OFFICE MANAGEMENT SPECIAL PROJECTS REFORESTATION SECTION SUPERVISOR R.W.HUMMEL SILVICULTURE SECTION SUPERVISOR A.J. HERRIDGE TIMBER SECTION SUPERVISOR L RINGHAM NURSERY PRODUCTION FOREST INVENTORY LICENSING AND RECORDS TREE DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT PLANNING STUMPAGE APPRAISAL MARKETING EXTENSION FORESTRY SILVICULTURAL OPERATIONS SCALING SUPERVISION 270 SUMMARY OF DISPOSITIONS OF NURSERY STOCK April I. 1962. to March 31, 1963 Planted on lands vested in Her Majesty in right of Ontario 29,091,021 Planted on County, Township, Conservation Authority and other lands managed by the Minister 4,867,430 Furnished in respect of Private Lands 9,597,300 Furnished for Educational and Scientific purposes 39,783 Miscellany: Department Exhibits, etc. 172,382 Stored at Planting Sites Total 43,767,916 NURSERY STOCK DISPOSITIONS From April 1 . 1 953, to March 3 1 , 1 963 Year Units 1953-54 23,447,860 1954-55 25,519,383 1955-56 28,351,483 1956-57 31,081,112 1957-58 25,854,262 1958-59 33,414,110 1959-60 41,682,125 1960-61 49,833,412 1961-62 43,194,863 1962-63 43,767,916 271 TREES FURNISHED IN RESPECT OF PRIVATE LAND April I. 1962. to March 31, 1963 County or Territorial District Trees Algoma 266,075 Brant 99,650 Bruce 94,800 Carleton 223,750 Cochrane 60,450 Dufferin 430,525 Dundas 39,600 Durham 240,750 Elgin 135,450 Essex 38,525 Frontenac 128,950 Glengarry 61,775 Grenville 169,000 Grey 352,675 Haldimand 58,075 Haliburton 114,950 Halton 153,150 Hasitings 389,750 Huron 205,950 Kenora 42,950 Kent 33,875 Lambton 96,075 Lanark 146,225 Leeds 73,400 Lennox & Addington 107,975 Lincoln 53,050 Maniitoulin 29,600 Middlesex 287,625 Muskoka 199,850 Nipissing 59,725 Norfolk 273,050 Northumberland 131,900 Ontario 459,625 Oxford 101,125 Parry Sound 280,225 Peel 503,725 Perth 64,000 Peterborough 120,700 Prescott 170,425 Prince Edward 24,075 Rainy River 92,800 Renfrew 391,550 Russell 5,200 Simooe 616,525 Stormont 91,600 Sudbury 134,775 Thunder Bay 188,750 Timiskaming 14,600 Victoria 135,600 Waterloo 201,200 Welland 205,975 Wellington 197,650 Wentworth 205,350 York 592,675 Total 9,597,300 272 AGREEMENTS UNDER SECTION 2 OF THE FORESTRY ACT (as of March 31, 1963) Date of Number Agreement of Acres Conservation Authorities : Ausable River Dec. 13, 1951 3,969.00 Big- Creek Region Dec. 2, 1954 2,347.90 Caitfisih Creek Dec. 19, 1962 75.00 Ganaraska River Jan. 31, 1947 7,898.60 Grand Valley Mar. 18, 1952 5,083.06 Maitland Valley Apr. 1, 1955 466.00 Metropolitan Toronto and Region Apr. 11, 1951 1,672.00 Modra River Nov. 28, 1951 11,426.00 Napanee Valley Oct. 28, 1954 5,669.00 Neebing Valley May 15, 1958 1,256.70 North Grey Region June 25, 1958 4,499.00 Otter Creek Apr. 26, 1957 1,094.00 Sauble Valley Sept. 23, 1959 1,580.00 Siaugeen Valley Dec. 15, 1952 10,429.00 South Nation River Mar. 28, 1960 140.00 Spencer Creek Oct. 19, 1962 12.50 Upper Thames River Apr. 11, 1951 3,304.36 en qoo lO ^— — ^— — — ^^ \J\Jyi/£SAdtJ.td Counties : Branit Nov. 15, 1952 50.00 Bruce Jan. 20, 1950 14,656.35 Dufferin Nov. 26, 1930 2,042.00 Grey Dec. 21, 1937 7,978.08 Halton Mar. 14, 1950 1,245.63 Huron Nov. 27, 1950 1,339.00 Kent Dec. 23, 1953 75.39 Lanark July 5, 1940 3,246.00 Leeds and Grenville Apr. 24, 1940 6,064.50 Lennox and Addington Apr. 3, 1952 1,186.00 Middlesex Mar. 8, 1954 569.50 Northumberland and Durham June 10, 1924 4,877.00 Ontario July 9, 1930 1,900.00 Oxford Sept. 1, 1950 716.56 Prescott and Russell Mar. 15, 1937 23,485.83 Renfrew Dec. 26, 1951 2,938.00 Simcoe June 19, 1925 17,446.69 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Sept. 29, 1949 2,048.45 Victoria Aug. 10, 1928 7,044.00 Waterloo Apr. 17, 1950 710.48 Wentworth Nov. 27, 1952 889.30 York Mar, 27, 1924 3,917.08 Townships: B'onfield Apr. 1, 1952 60.00 Charlottenburgh Apr. 1, 1955 175.00 Cumberland May 29, 1952 808.44 Galway and Cavendish Nov. 1, 1952 100.00 Marlborough Sept. 21, 1953 200.00 Torfeolton Mar. 28, 1953 430.80 Williamsburgh Oct. 19, 1962 400.00 9 17^ •>>( ' £iyl. 1 *Xt£i'± TOTAL 167,522.20 273 Undisturbed s+and of white pine in Port Arthur Forest District. Below: interior view of stand after thinning. r :f I I ,f«#p '4 ?*l»**:il- 274 SILVICULTURE SECTION Inventory Unit Capital Air Surveys Ltd. completed vertical aerial photography of 15,417 square miles in the Districts of Cochrane and Kapuskasing. Unfavourable weather conditions prohibited the completion of this contract, leaving 1,182 square miles to be flown during the summer season of 1963. Hunting Survey Corporation Ltd. was awarded the contract for vertical aerial photography covering the Geraldton and Port Arthur Districts. This contractor satisfactorily completed 21,300 square miles and the remainder of the area will be photographed in 1963. Field work was restricted to 736 square miles, comprising 121 square miles of Agreement Forests of the Southwestern Region and 615 square miles of abandoned licence in North Bay District. One field party was assigned to the North Bay area and two field parties completed the ground sampling on the balance of the Agreement Forests. The properties cruised are as follows: The County Forests of Ontario, York, Dufferin, Middlesex, Kent, Halton, Wentworth, Water- loo, Brant, Oxford, Huron, Bruce and Grey; The Conservation Authority Forests of Metropolitan Toronto and Region, Grand River, Upper Thames, Big Creek, Otter Creek, Middle Maitland and the Ausable River. These parties also covered the scattered Crown lands of this area, including the nursery properties at St. Williams. Photo-interpretation was completed for 736 square miles which represents the area of field work as noted above. Forest stand maps and forest ledgers were completed for 3,666 square miles. These covered the Crown Management Units of New Liskeard, Wanapitei, Onaping, Sudbury, Tyson Lake, Trout Lake and Burwash. Included are the Conservation Authority Forests of the South Nation, Napanee, Moira and Ganaraska, the County Forests of Leeds and Grenville, Lanark, Lennox and Addington, Northumberland and Durham, Victoria and Simcoe, the township forests of Marlborough, Torbolton and Galway and various Crown properties at Kemptville, Orono and Midhurst. Work proceeded on revision of the planimetric base maps for those areas covered by the 1961 photography. A composite report of the forest resources of Ontario was completed and made available for distribution. This report summarizes the forest surveys carried out between 1946 and 1959 by the Department of Lands and Forests and by those licensees who were required by Statute to supply an inventory of the timber resources on their licensed areas. A publication has been prepared on the photographic interpretation of tree species in Ontario. This work is to be used for training personnel on photo inter- pretation and also as a reference for experienced photo interpreters. The publi- cation is unique in that the stereograms are original positives and therefore no loss of detail exists through the printing process. Each stereogram is hand mounted and at present 500 copies have been prepared. The remaining 500 copies are to be completed during 1963. The multiplex machine was used to interpret contours and form lines and prepare plans for the Parks Branch. Under this programme, plans were completed for the Killarney Area, 153 square miles with 50' contour intervals. Flack Lake Provincial Park 72 square miles at a scale of 1" = 100 feet, Killarney Area ^1 with 10' and 20' contour intervals, Killarney Area ^2 with 10' and 20' contour intervals and Killarney Area ;^5 with 25' contour intervals. The use of planimetric and forestry maps remained at a high level. The photo- processing staff produced 64,823 contact prints; 3,644 photo mosaics at a scale 275 of 1" = 1 mile, 99 at a scale of 2" = 1 mile and 747 at a scale of 4" = 1 mile; 1602 enlargements; 91 film diapositives, 11 multiplex plates and 595 Kelsh plates; 1,468 copy negatives; 870 cronaflex prints; and developed 7 rolls of aerial film. Silviculture Operations Silvicultural Operations may be briefly described as the actions necessary to produce a merchantable crop. The Department is concerned with ensuring a satisfactory merchantable crop on Crown lands dedicated to forestry. In addition, lands acquired by various Municipalities and Conservation Authorities, with the assistance of the Province, are put under agreement for management. These areas are called Agreement Forests. On these areas the Department contracts to produce suitable forest crops. On existing forests, disturbances such as logging, fire, insects or diseases make it necessary to establish a new crop. Although satisfactory regeneration may develop naturally, artificial seeding or planting is often needed to establish the crop, and further work is needed to ensure its success. Natural seeding may be encouraged by scarification, to bare the mineral soil. Similarly, survival of desirable trees may be aided by destroying the competing brush. In many cases the lands acquired for Agreement Forests were formerly under Agriculture. Such open lands are usually reforested by planting using suitable nursery stock. After the stands are established, silvicultural treatment is needed. Undesirable competition may be destroyed or reduced by cutting, girdling or chemical treat- ment; trees of poor quality may be removed; thinning may be done; better trees may be pruned; and other operations may be needed to produce a high-quality forest. Silvicultural Operations also include specialized techniques of harvesting to aid natural regeneration. The leaving of seed-trees to regenerate the cut area is one technique. Another harvesting technique is to cut the crop in strips, thus leaving some timber standing adjacent to cut areas to supply seed for regeneration and protection from sun and wind. In addition to the above, the Silvicultural Operations unit co-operates wifli the Research Branch on the development of new equipment and techniques. New techniques and intensive forestry concepts are tested operationally to ascrtain their feasibility for wider application. During the 1962-63 fiscal year, 93,466 acres of forest were covered by various operations of a silvicultural nature. This acreage includes 52,384 acres planted, 2,713 acres seeded and 38,369 acres treated by other procedures. Silvicultural Operations on Crown and Agreement Forest lands are divided into two main phases; A. Artificial Regeneration. This encompasses all seeding and planting projects. B. Stand Improvement. This includes all silvicultural and harvesting treatments except seeding and planting. Below, under the two main phases. Artificial Regeneration and Stand Improvement, are summaries of the activities carried out in the year ending March 31, 1963. 276 Artificial Regeneration The number of trees planted on Crown lands and Agreement Forests is slightly in excess of 1961-62. The total plantings in these categories for the past five years are as follows: 1958-59 - - 20,190,338 1959-60 - - 27,562,247 1960-61 - - 35,630,393 1961-62 - - 31,666,580 1962-63 - - 33,958,451 Nursery targets, presently established, will allow an increase of several million trees in the annual programme in each of the next three or four years. In addition to planting, 2,713 acres were artifically treated by seeding. Of this area, 1,352 acres were seeded from the ground and the remaining 1,361 acres were seeded from the air by helicopter. Of the 2,713 acres, 604 acres were seeded following a burn without further site preparation and 220 acres were seeded following logging operations. The balance of 1,889 acres was seeded following some form of special site preparation. This year marked the beginning of a series of aerial seeding trials to develop techniques of sowing various tree species by helicopter. A summary of the projects by districts is as follows : 277 AERIAL SEEDING. 1962-63 Location Ground Treatment Species Acreage Spring Gog'ama District Benneweis Twp. Mechanical Scarification jackpine 252 Geraldton District Legault Twp. Natural Burn jackpine 460 Fall Gog'ama District Benneweis Twp. Mechanical Scarification jackpine 235 Geraldton District Abitibi Limits — Camp 35 Logging Scarification black spruce 220 Killala Lake Natural Burn jackpine 144 White River Twp. 52 Mechanical Scarification black spruce 50 TREES PLANTED ON CROWN LANDS April I. 1962. to March 31. 1963 1,361 Administrative District Trees Aylmer West 145,362 Chapleau 3,538,120 Cochrane 1,786,000 Fort Frances 1,204,100 Geraldton 1,851,785 Gogama 4,210,925 Hespeler 51,000 Kemptville 73,295 Kenora 369,900 Kapuskasing 1,216,275 Lindsay 489,700 Maple 263,293 North Bay 643,000 Parry Sound 545,165 Pembroke 1,207,022 Port Arthur 1,491,800 Sault Ste. Marie 3,828,956 Sioux Lookout 141,200 Sudbury 1,890,525 Swastika 2,246,795 Tweed 912,000 White River 905,500 Unclassified 79,303 Total 29,091,021 278 TREES PLANTED ON AGREEMENT FORESTS April I. 1962. +o March 31. 1963 County : Trees Brant 500 Bruce 19,500 Dufferin 12,600 Grey 69,480 Hal'ton 21,650 Huron 31,100 Lanark 118,750 Leeds and Grenville 152,000 Lennox and Addington 114,000 Middlesex 30,500 Northumberland and Durham 172,000 Ontario 3,500 Oxford 10,000 Prescott and Russell 315,800 Renfrew 283,000 Simcoe 349,400 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry 78,000 Victoria 185,000 Waterloo 11,500 Wentworth 12,000 York 38,500 Township : Marlborough 90,550 Torbolton 62,000 Conservation Authority : Ausable River 442,500 Big Creek 115,300 Catfish Creek 32,500 Central Lake Ontario 69,000 Ganaraska River 343,000 Grand Valley 250,300 Maitland Valley 8,400 Metropolitan Toronto and Region 67,000 Moira River 217,000 Napanee Valley 30,000 Neebing Valley 40,000 North Grey Region 172,170 Otter Creek 1,000 Saugeen Valley 115,850 South Nation River 21,000 Upper Thames River 40,000 2,028,780 152,550 1,965,020 Canada : National Capital Commission 721,080 721,080 TOTAL: 4,867,430 279 Stand Improvement During the 1962-63 fiscal year, 129 regular Stand Improvement projects on Crown lands were carried out on a gross area of 30,618 acres. These projects were designed either to secure adequate regeneration following cutting operations or to improve the growth or quality of young timber stands. In addition, four regeneration surveys and nine assessment surveys were conducted under the regular programme. Junior Rangers were used in 14 projects involving 1,024 acres of Crown land; also, inmates of the Department of Reform Institutions camp in the Sault Ste. Marie area were used in four projects involving 24 acres of Crown land. The summary of Stand Improvement work completed during the year 1962-63, by Districts and by type of treatments, showing gross area treated, follows : STAND IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME. 1962-63 Work (Acres) Carried Out by Districts on Crown Lands Regrular Junior Dept. Reform Treatment Programme Rangers Institutions One regeneration survey Scarification — cone scattering 70 Brush control — ground 53 Thinning 46 Prescribed burning 11 Total 180 Scarification — cone scattering 28 Cleaning 4 Modified cutting 711 Scarification, seeding, cone scattering 73 Prescribed burning 55 Thinning 255 One assessment survey Total 1094 4 Scarification and cone scattering 196 Cleaning 305 5 One assessment survey Total 501 5 Cone scattering 70 Scarification 43 Scarification, cone scattering and seeding 567 Total 610 70 Cleaning 1500 260 One regeneration survey One assessment survey Total 1500 260 District Total Fort Frances Kenora 70 58 46 11 180 Sioux Lookout 28 Port Arthur Geraldton 4 711 73 55 265 1098 196 310 506 White River 70 43 567 680 Chapleau 1760 1760 280 District Treatment Regular Programme Junior Rangers Dept. Reform Institutions Total Gagama Aerial spraying __. Cleaning 750 1002 — 750 1002 Total 1752 1752 S. S. Marie Modified cutting 273 Scarification 179 Cleaning 229 22 Thinning 97 118 Pruning 296 9 14 Marking 1518 Cutting 499 10 Two regeneration surveys Three assessment surveys Total 3091 149 24^ Scarification and some seeding 25 Cleaning 337 12 Total 362 12 Modified cutting 84 Aerial spraying 1,106 Cleaning 499 104 Site preparation 208 One assessment survey Total 1,897 104 Modified cutting 92 Scarification and some seeding 152 Cleaning 160 20 Site preparation 267 One assessment survey Total 671 20 Scarification and some seeding 30 Aerial spraying 520 ^__ Total 550 North Bay Modified cutting 437 Scarification 397 Cleaning 20 Thinning 360 Marking 5,768 Girdling 120 Total 7,102 Parry Sound Scarification 600 Ground spraying 166 Cleaning 864 300 Pruning 120 Cutting 524 Total 2,274 300 Pembroke Cleaning 100 Pruning 64 Cutting 35 Girdling 296 Total 395 100 Kemptville Marking 129 Girdling 5 Total 134 281 273 179 251 215 319 1518 509 3264 Sudbury 25 349 374 \ Kaipuskasing Cochrane 84 1,106 603 208 2,001 92 152 180 267 691 Swastika 30 520 550 437 397 20 360 5,768 120 ^102 600 166 1,164 120 524 2,574 100 64 35 296 495 129 5 134 District Treatment Regular Jnnior Dept. Reform Programme Rangers Institutions Total Tweed Modified cutting 60 Scarification 65 Cleaning 1025 Thinning 151 Pruning 886 Marking 50 Cutting 173 One assessment survey Road construction — 2 miles . Total 2410 60 66 1025 161 886 60 178 2410 Lindsay Modified cut 165 Scarification 500 Thinning 924 Pruning 1388 Cutting 208 Girdling 2650 Road maintenance — % mile Total 5835 165 600 924 1388 208 2660 5835 Lake Simcoe Modified cutting 2 Pruning 230 Total 232 2 230 232 GRAND TOTALS (Stand Improvement — Crown Lands) 30,618 1024 24 31,666 SUMMARY BY TREATMENTS, 1962-63 Stand Improvement Programme (Acres of Crown Lands) Treatment Regular Programme Junior Rangers Dept. Reform Institutions Total Modified cutting 1,824 Scarification 1,784 Scarification, cone scattering and some seeding 1,141 Prescribed burning 66 Aerial spraying 2,376 Ground spraying 219 Cleaning 5,941 827 Thinning 1,833 118 Pruning 2,984 9 Marking 7,465 Cutting 1,439 Girdling, etc. 3,071 Site preparation 475 Cone scaibtering 70 Totals 30,618 1,024 Regeneration surveys 4 projects Assessment surveys 9 projects Plot establishment 1 project Camp maintenance 2 projects Road construction 2% miles 1,824 1,784 1,141 66 2,376 219 6,768 1,951 3,007 7,465 1,449 3,071 475 70 24 31,666 14 10 282 ARGEEMENTS FORESTS. 1962-63 Stand Improvement projects consisting primarily of improvement cutting, girdling of cull hardwoods, and conifer thinning and pruning were carried out on a total of 5,884 acres in Agreement Forests. In addition to this regular programme, inmates of the Department of Reform Institutions conducted stand improvement work on 174 acres of Agreement Forest in the Lake Simcoe District. Agreement Forests in general are located close to markets. This favorable situation allows the production and marketing of many forest products which often cannot be economically produced from the usually less accessible areas of Crown lands. Hence saleable products resulted from the regular Stand Improvement programmes on 1739 acres. No product was obtained from operations on the remaining 4,145 acres. Some products are available from normal harvesting, although as yet most of these forests do not have the older age-classes suitable for harvesting. NURSERY FORESTS. 1962-63 Summary by Treatment (Acres) In conjunction with the four tree nurseries located in Southern Ontario, there are approximately 6,000 acres designated for growing timber. The Stand Improve- ment work is carried out mainly during the winter months, when activity in nursery stock production is at a minimum. Projects were as follows: Lake Erie District Treatment St. Williams Nursery Site Preparation 30 Thinning 320 Improvement cutting 3 Gii-dling 111 Pruning — Total 464 87 35 59 645 Lake Simcoe District Midhurst Nursery Lindsay District Orono Nursery Kemptville District Kemptville Nursery Tota 3 — 15 48 — 15 — 335 — — 44 47 — — — 111 84 20 104 283 District Lake Erie Lake Huron Lake Simcoe Lindsay Tweed Pembroke Kemptville AGREEMENT FORESTS. 1962-63 Work Carried Out by Districts (Acres) Regular Dept. Reform Treatment Programme Institutions Site preparation 215 Girdling 40 Display tree culture 19 Improvement cutting 55 Total 329 Girdling 825 Pruning 157 Display tree culture 53 Harvest and salvage cutting 205 Improvement cutting 155 Thinning 5 Total 1,400 Site preparation 9 15 Girdling 75 Pruning 1,173 12 Display tree culture 25 Harvest and salvage cutting 6 Improvement cutting 93 147 Thinning 390 Total 1,771 174 Site preparation 79 Girdling 389 Pruning 288 Display tree culture 40 Thinning 150 Total 946 Girdling 32 Girdling 102 Girdling 123 Pruning 548 Harvest and salvage cutting 215 Improvement cutting 360 Thinning 58 Total 1,304 (Agreement Forests) 5,884 174 Total 215 40 19 55 329 825 157 53 205 155 5 1,400 24 75 1,186 25 6 240 390 1,945 79 389 288 40 150 946 32 102 123 548 215 360 58 1,304 GRAND TOTAL 6,058 AGREEMENT FORESTS. 1962-63 Summary by Treatment (Acres) Regular Dept. Reform Treatment Programme Institutions Total Site preparation 303 15 Girdling (some spraying) 1,586 Pruning 2,166 12 Display tree culture 137 Harvest and salvage cutting 426 Improvement cutting 663 147 Thinning 603 Total 5,884 174 318 1,586 2,178 137 426 810 603 6,058 284 Forest Management Planning, March 31, 1963 The revision of management plans for Crown units has followed closely the re-inventory of Crown lands, now in progress. Within 18 months of the completion of the re-inventory of a management unit the revised management plan is prepared by the district staff. The plan is drawn for a 20-year period and will be revised at 20-year intervals thereafter, on the basis of new inventories at that time and on experience gained in the past periods. The basic planning considers management objectives and the means of their attainment over a period of a hundred years, more or less. This planning is based on such considerations as the arrangement of species and age-classes on the productive forest land, a permanent road network, division of the forest into accessible compartments, the rotations of the working groups, et cetera. This planning constitutes a framework into which ten-year operating plans are fitted as time passes. The operating plans show, in detail, the stands to be cut, regenerated, and tended, the roads to be built, and the improvements to be made. This type of planning is standard for Crown management units and Agree- ment Forests for which plans are prepared by Department staff. The main essentials of planning are contained in the Manual of Management Plan Require- ments, May 1962, as a guide for the staff of the companies in the preparation of management plans for Company management units. There are 203 management units in the Province, each operating under a plan of its own. This number is subject to change due to abandonment and acquisition of licences, and to division and consolidation of management units. MANAGEMENT PLANS 1. Crown Management Units — plans prepared by Department staff. There are 79 management units with a total area of 85,216 square miles and with 78 plans in force, as follows: 61 — initial management plans; 17 — plans in preparation; 1 — plan not yet due. 2. Company Management Units — plans prepared by licensees. Seventy-seven management units are on record, with 97,342 square miles, as follows: 67 — units with approved management plans; 8 — plans in preparation; 2 — plans not yet due. 3. Agreement Forests — Plans prepared by Department staff. There are 42 management units with an approximate area of 244 square miles. Inventory for 12 management units has been completed and turned over to the Districts, where the work has commenced on planning. The division of these forests into compartments has been completed. 4. Nursery Forests — plans prepared by Department staff. Management plans for these five small management units, adjacent to the Departmental tree nurseries, will be prepared on completion of inventory programme. Other work during the fiscal year was as follows: 1. Co-operation in programming the Timber Certificate Course, and lecturing on management procedures. 285 2. A four-hour lecture on implementation of management plan given at the Forest Ranger School, within the general course curriculum. 3. A seminar given at the Forestry Faculty, University of Toronto, on Forest Production and Productivity for the Diploma Course in Resource Management. 4. Close liaison and co-operation with Fish and Wildlife Branch in the improve- ment of wildlife habitat by timber operations. 5. Examination of forest access road proposals regarding their conformity to the management plan. TIMBER SECTION The volume of wood cut from Crown Land during the year ending March 3 1 , 1962, was approximately 325.6 million cubic feet, a drop of 25.1 million cubic feet from the year before. This decrease, which also represents a drop of nearly $886,000 in stumpage revenue, was due almost entirely to a slump in spruce lumber production. There are indications that the saw-timber cut during 1962-63 will be more nearly normal. The volume of all species of pulpwood cut in Ontario remained at almost the same level as for the year pervious. In addition, the trend to increased utilization of sawmill and veneer mill residues continued in 1962 with 36 mills producing the pulp chip equivalent of 242,629 roundwood cords. This represents an increase of 11.7 per cent over the previous year, and there are already indications that more mills will be installing chippers and more pulp mills will be buying chips in 1963. MARKET STUDIES During 1962, a Directory of Primary Wood-Using Industries for Ontario was pubished and distributed to forest products wholesalers and secondary wood-using industries both in Canada and the United States. In addition, the program of studying the forest industry potential in various locations throughout Ontario was continued and a close liaison has been maintained with the Department of Economics and Development. FOREST ACCESS ROADS— CONSTRUCTED UNDER FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL AGREEMENT Under this agreement, the costs of constructing forest access roads, for the protection and management of Crown forest lands and the transportation of forest products from those lands, were shared by the Federal and Provincial govern- ments. During the fiscal year ending March 31st, 1963, 74 miles of new con- struction were completed and 18 miles of existing roads were improved. The locations of these roads are as follows : 286 New Construction Existing Rd. Improved District Management Unit Name of Road Miles Miles Ohapleau Abitibi Missinaibi Lloyd Twp. #1 — 2 Abitibi Missinaibi Lloyd Twp. #2 __ 5% Abitibi Missinaibi Mill Yard By-pass_ 2 Missinaibi Racine-Floranna 7 Fort Frances Rainy Lake *Wassaw-BoflRin SVz Geraldton Longlac Kowkash 5 GogamsL Timmins Kemp-Sothman 4% Kenora Kenora *Gordon Lake 3 Lindsay Gooderham Hinden 2% 1 North Bay Nipissing- Henry-Crerar 5% Pembroke Petawawa *Pretty Lake 4 Sault Ste. Marie Kirkwood Franklin Lake 1% Huron Forest Products Mount Lake 9 Blind River Scarf e Block 2 Swastika Englehart *Davidson 5 Tweed Madawaska Black Donald 10 Madawaska. Green Lake 1 3 York Watt Lake 13 Total 74 18 * Capital Fund Roads, summarized below. Under the Capital Road programme for 1962-63 17 1/2 miles of road were constructed on parts of four roads into areas of unalienated Crown lands containing mature and over-mature timber. Total miles of road constructed to date under this fund: Fort Frances — Rainy Lake Management Unit Kapuskasing — Hearst Management Unit Kenora — Kenora Management Unit Pembroke — Petawawa Management Unit Swastika — Englehart Management Unit Kenora — Jones Road (part of cost) 51/2 141/2 11 76 56 mUes 163 22 185 Note: — ^Funds for the maintenance of forest access roads are provided by the Lands and Surveys Branch. To date, $934,278.79 has been spent on Capital Fund road construction, all of which has been paid back to the Fund from additional stumpage charges collected from the forest operators using these roads. AGREEMENT FOREST TIMBER SALES. 1962-63 During 1962-63, the value of timber and forest products from County, Town- ship and Conservation Authority Forests totalled $91,611.04. The sale of pulp- wood, produced as plantation thinnings, accounted for a high proportion of this amount. 287 CROWN TIMBER SALES — 1962-63 Crown Timber Sales C.T.A. 2 (1) 57 * Crown Timber Sales C.T.A. 3 (1) 70 Crown Timber Sales C.T.A. 5(1) 4 49.20 square miles 21,505.89 " 17.70 " ABANDONMENTS In the Fiscal year, 1962-63, licensed areas in the amount of 23,552.73 square miles were abandoned. * This area represents the larger licences expiring under Sections 2 & 3 of The Crown Timber Act and being re-issued under Section 3 of the Act. SUMMARY OF AREA UNDER CROWN TIMBER LICENCE CLASSIFIED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CROWN TIMBER ACT AS OF MARCH 31. 1963 Year Licences under Section 2 Licences under Section 3 Licences under Section 5 Total Area Square Mileage 1958-59 4,520.62 99,612.16 199.90 104,332.68 1959-60 4,206.22 99,818.60 186.98 104,211.80 1960-61 3,647.71 99,103.39 137.79 102,888.89 1961-62 3,563.07 99,347.87 154.26 103,065.20 1962-63 3,102.08 97,830.82 152.36 101,085.26 SUMMARY OF VOLUME AND VALUE OF WOOD CUT BY SPECIES. 1961-62 Species Cubic Feet Softwood Balsam 12,316,205.54 Cedar 341,422.41 Hemlock 2,428,979.39 Pine, Jack 70,903,250.24 Pine, Red 5,291,374.72 Pine, White 17,605,643.26 Spruce 178,063,932.99 Tamarack 36,235.54 Christmas Trees 1,338.00 Fuelwood 905,323.95 287,893,706.04 Hardwood Ash 65,561.83 Basswood 359,071.01 Beech 175,032.01 Birch, White 1,754,195.20 Birch, Yellow 6,925,046.49 Butternut 2,234.58 Cherry 20,555.33 Elm 273,536.34 Maple 5,212,999.29 Oak 207,532.58 Poplar 21,525,735.63 Fuelwood 1,185,829.05 37,707,329.34 Total all species 325,601,035.38 Note: Value of export levy not included in above figures Stumpage Value $ 266,789.40 9,733.99 63,185.56 1,956,968.40 299,672.82 985,218.32 6,634,954.10 857.18 192.94 6,772.68 10,224,345,39 $ 2,405.53 21,502.03 3,393.89 26,922.97 512,334.49 91.15 679.63 10,102.06 198,452.17 9,674.13 210,039.88 8,737.46 $ 1,004,335.39 $11,228,680.78 288 LICENSING OF MILLS During 1962 the trend to fewer but larger sawmills which has been evident since the early 1950's continued. The mills licensed during the year under The Crown Timber Act were as follows : Sawmills Daily Capacity in excess of 50,000 fbm 31 Daily Capacity 10,000 fbm to 50,000 fbm 129 Daily Capacity less than 10,000 fbm 774 Specialty Mills (lath, pickets, ties, shingles, staves, headings & hoops) _ 76 Veneer Mills 24 Pulp Mills 27 SCALING Scaling examinations during the past year were held at the following locations on the dates noted: Forest Ranger School, Dorset, Ontario April 13th, 1962 Forest Ranger School, Dorset, Ontario May 18th, 1962 Atikokan, Ontario September 28th, 1962 NUMBER OF LICENCES ISSUED To scale all Classes of Timber 1337 To scale Pulpwood Only 215 During 1962, tests were commenced in the Sault Ste. Marie District to deter- mine the adaptability of a digital computing system to scaling returns. The results of these tests warranted an expansion of the test program to include six districts during the 1963-64 season. In co-operation with the Research Branch and the Marathon Corporation of Canada Ltd., further studies were made concerning scaling by standing tree measurement. 289 PULPWOOD TIMBER-ALL SPECIES CUT ON CROWN LAND 420 410 400 390 380 370 360 350 340 3 30 320 310 300 290 280 270 260 2 50 240 2 30 220 2 I 0 200 190 I 50 140 I 30 120 I 1 0 • ^L ^^n^ v^-j-yflBP^ yf^^^^Km/ \ i^^^a^^^Km^ / ymk^mmmnmm ^^^^^Ms.0^ //^^i^KmmKmm j^yms^ \ yf^:MgS¥ \ n r " r yC^^^i^mW s f ^^KA^ssr^ //.^^^^u^niiEiimiii j^^crlx^/j^^^Kfyy j^f§^^^^ n j^l-!^^^^^^fS^ w^^^^^^^^l L ^I'^^f^V^B^^^ _^^^f^ '^''^^ 1 1 ~ 1 VA^^^^BWfS^ ¥^^^ ' , . 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