REPORT OF OCEANOGRAPHIC CRUISE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD CUTTER CHELAN BERING SEA AND BERING STRAIT 1934 AND OTHER RELATED DATA 25 April 1996 Mr. Steve Gegg Data Library & Archives McLean Lab WHOL Woods Hole, MA 02543 Dear Steve, Per our phone conversation, enclosed please find the typescript report: Report of Oceanographic Cruise United States Coast Guard Cutter Chelan Bering Sea _ and Bering Strait 1934 and Other Related Data. As I mentioned, I have no idea how Carnegie Museum of Natural History acquired this report, especially since we never had a scientific section dealing with oceanography or any related topics. Having been a Marine Policy and Ocean Management Post-doctoral Fellow at WHOI in the early 1980s, I realized this report might be of use to WHOI. Dr. David Aubrey in Geology & Geophysics provided me with your name. This report is an unrestricted donation to WHOI and may be used for whatever purposes you see fit. Sincerely, Ne David R. Watters Curator of Anthropology enc. cc: Dave Aubrey ——s REPORT OF OCEANOGRAPHIC CRUISE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD CUTTER CHELAN BHRING SEA AND BERING STRAIT , 4 1934. == —F =a) ——= lr =a i <= oc — = ——s =) = 2 \" el 7 ; === Oo es (_) — it Ai U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, D.C., 1 June, 1936. This report covers the oceancsraphic activities of the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter CHL: during the summer season of 1934. It is epproved and prepared for dissemination to all interested departments. A. G. HAMLET PREPLCH The oceanographic cruise covered by this report was planned With the assistance of Dr. Thomas G. Thonipson of the oceanographic laboratories of the University of Washington. Through his efforts two very efficient observers, Dr. Phifer and Mr. C. Barnes, also of the University of Washington were detailed to the Cutter CHELAN for duty. These men brought with them all the necessary equipment to outfit the sick bay of the cutter into an actively functioning laboratory. Ac- companying them was Professor J. L. Alexander of the Forestry Section of the University of Washington, who assisted in the rescarch and who also investigated the tree life of those sections of Alaska visited and who planted seeds and secdlings on many of the islands of that country. To Dr. Thompson, Dr, Phifer and Mr. Barnes belong the credit for making the chemical enalysis of water, marine life and marine growth. Further credit is given for their assistance in making mony of the calcu- lations and summarizing much of the data without which great difficulty would have been encountered in compiling this report. The officers and crew of the CHELAN deserve much credit for their untiring efforts to make the cruise a success. Their interest and wholehearted cooperation made the season of 1954 a productive and inter-— esting one, both from the view point of the Coast Guard Patrol duties and also from the angle of scientific research. The stenosraphic force and the drafting room personnel of the Communication Office, Coast Guard Headquarters, are thanked for their able assistance in assembling the data. This report summarizes the physical investigation. The results of the chemical investigation will not be ready until Merch 1937 at which time they will be published as an addenda. a CN ae Byala se COAST GUARD CUTTER CHELAN. FIRE [SLAND, BOGOSLOF. bake ay pair THE CRUISE (CHRONOLOGICAL). The cruise of the CHELAN in 1934 was in accordance with the policy of the government in assigning Coast Guard cutters to the Bering Sea for patrol duty. The Coast Guard has played en integral part in the develop- ment of alaska. The logbooks of its cutters contain the carly history of that country. Southern and southeastern Alaska are constantly associ- ated with the service as ships are stationed in Ketchikan, Juncau, Cordova and Seward but western and northwestern Alaska’ ‘grosts the cuttcors in the spring and bids thom adicu in the Fall. As surely 2s in cach Spring the sun returns to break the ice fetters that shackle tho lakes, the rivers and the sca, so the Coast Guard Cutter NORTHLAND wonds its way from its base in Seattle toward the Arcticto take up its summer base off cm. 4nd so as the salmon return each Spring toward the streams of thoir nativity, as the many migrant birds each year again seek their nesting grounds in the marshes and in the waters of the million streams of Alaska and as the seals begin their annual trek to their summer home on the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea so the patrol cutters, especially the CHiLAN class, point their bows toward their base at Unalaska to take up the seal and fishery patrol, law enforcomcnt, assistance and lifesaving dutics around the Pribilof Islands and along the Alcutian Islemdés. Alaska is a large country. If its map were placed on the map of the United States a portion of its northorn bordor would touch on tho Canadian border, its castern cdge would touch the Atlantic occan, its southcrn boundary would rest on the Mcxican division line and its western most islands would touch the Pacific occan. Its coast line is subout 26,000 miles. bS area is 13 times as large as New York; 500 times as large as Rhode Islend; one firth the size of the United States, covering generally the areas of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi and Tennessce. In the Bering Sca and the waters surrounding Alaska arc found cod- fish, Halibut, salmon, mackerel, herring, crabs and othor shell fish, whole, seals (fur and hair), sca lion and walrus. Its islands are the homes of foxcs, caribou, reindcer and shcep. The CHELAN was based at Unalaska, the largest city in the Aleutian Islands situated 55 miles from Unimak Pass, the gateway to the Bering Sea, about 150 miles from the transpacific steamer lanes and about 1750 miles from Seattle. The Aleutian Islands, discovered by Chirikof. And Bering in 1741, jut out boldly from the coast of Alaska extending far into the Pacific Ocean for a distance of about 900 miles to the westward. Unalaska is one of the prettiest places in the North. The first .Greck Russian church erected in the territory is found here. It is filled ‘with paintings and ornate tapestries. Dutch Harbor being at the hoad of a landlocked bay and surroumded by rounded fertile hills is a half a mile ‘from Unalaska. This combination makes it one of the most strategic points in Alaska. The Coast Guard has its base at Unalaska and the Alaska Commercial Company has a store and a coaling station there. The Navy has a radio station at Dutch Harbor. There is also located one of tne most active industries in the Islands, herring packing. A few stunted spruce trecs comprise the only growing timber on the island but the grass grows woist high and on the ficlds are millions of violets and other fra- grant flowers. Informer years thousands of caribou subsisted on the island but with the importation of rifles the herds were soon exterminated. The deer placed there in 1914 by the Coast Guard have also disappearcd. After leaving Unalaska on patrol, the first point of contact of the cutter was the summer hone of the famed Alaskan fur seals, the Pribilof Islands. These are located about 200 miles north northeast of Unalaska. They consist of four islands, St. Paul Island, St. George Island, Walrus Island and Otter Island. They were discovered by Gerassium Pribilof a Russian navigator in the summer of 1786. He was in the employ of the Lebedoff Company, one of the many trading companies which at that time were levying tribute upon the Aleutian natives and fighting among them- selves for the control of the fur industry. Sailing a clumsily-constructed craft through a Bering Sea fog, he heard a strange, bellowing sound, simi- lar to the barking of a band of dogs.3 He anchored, and when the fog clcarcd, he saw tne islands which bear his name, It did not take him long to discover that the barking emanated from fur scals, the skins of which, at that time, were very highly prized by the Oriontals. Pribilof named the southern- most island St. Goorgs, aftcr the sito in which he sailed. During the rirst season “pribilof's hunters killed more than 2,000 sea otters, more than 40,000 seals and accumlated mich walrus ivory. ‘The invading horde of hunters recklessly and wastefully killed hundreds of pup seals and young otters during the years that followcd. In. 1867 the United States purchased Alaska. In 1863 American financiers purchased the buildings of the Russian Companics. In 1869 the Congress passed a law declaring the islands to be a reservation and pro- hibiting anyone from killing fur seals except under certain restrictions. The rollowing year on July 1, 1870, the islandsof St. Paul and St. George were leased to the Alaska Commercial Company for a period of twenty years. In 1895 this was renewed but avarced to the North American Conmercial Company. In 1910 the Government undertook to manage the seal rookeries itself. The seal herd had been depleted. Many rocks on the islands-once worn smooth and round by the: continual movement wore now covered with moss and buricd in vegetation. This gradual reduction was duc to the pernicious activity of pelagic or open sea Sees which was a disgraceful butchory. the United States a ae In 1911 Newel eens of this held a con erence with representatives or Russia, Great Britian and Japan, and it was agreed they jointly should patrol the Bering Sea and that no sealing of amy kind should be permitted within sixty miles of the shore of any territory controlled by any of these countries. Under this treaty each nation Was permitted to kill seal in its own territory. A law providing that a certain number of the bachelor seals on the Pribilof Islands be killed each year under government supervision and the skins sold and the proeceds: divided betwocn the signatory powers, and that every ship of whatever flog, carrying -22B- ¢ | sealing gear, found within sixty miles of any port of either America, British, Japanese or Russian territory, iimediately be confiscated and the crew and officers punished by fine arid imprisonment, or both, was passed. Under this system the depleted herd of 235,000 in 1910 has now increased to more than 3,000,000 seals. .The Coast cqusaaél cutters maintain a patrol and strictly sateen oe these Ercaticse Upon completion. of the duties at the Pribilofs and in the vicinity, the CHELAN procccded northward to Nome, Nome is a seacoast town located on the mainland about 600 miles north of Unalaska. 4+ is built along the shoro, being without a harbor. The roadstcad is open to navigation from — about June 5 till November 15 each year and the balance of the year it is frozon in, Tho residents are then eut off from the outsido world by boat put they can be reached by trail or by acroplane when the weather permits. In the autumn, generally about November 1, Bering Sea begins to take on a covering of slush ice. Sometime later the Arctic ice pack, a solid field besins forming and, hundreds of sdiare miles in extent, soon covers the sea. In the Spring those immcnsc ficlds of ice float gently out to sca and are carried northward by the currents. The field passes through Bering Strait, tho narrow strip of wator between the cas ternmost point of Asia and the westemmost point of Alaska Mainland. The creaking, erushing noiso can be heard for a great distance. On days when the Arctic sun is shining, after the ice has left, the land=scape and the sea-scape present a pretty view. The tundra on oe shore is brown and green, and the air is filled with summer heat, while pretty wildflowers adorn the foot hills. But quite often, without notice, the scene changes. Black Lowering clouds obscure the sun, heavy winds lash the sea and large, white-capped waves crash on the beach. The thunder of the surf can be heard for miles. The ships in the roadstead must Weer more chain on their anchors and for a while try to ride out the storm, but when the anchors begin dragging they run for safety in the lee of Sledge Island or go orf to sea. Often the gale blows for three or four consecutive GaYS « Nome in summer is a busy place. King Island Eskimos peddic their ivory on the main strcet. The stores are stocked with furs. Here and there men are seen working the beach sands while on the first and second beaches large dredges mechanically pan for gold dust. The cutter CHELAN saw a decided change later in the year when it visted Nome after a fire which destroyed about 80% of its business section and 40% of the residential section. The next place of interest passed was a small projection to the northwest of Nome about 60 miles distance, called King Island. This rock ‘is the home of the Eskimo tribe of natives called King Islanders.. Tiey build their houses’ on stilts as there is no level spot, the sides of rock being sheer, These natives spend their summers in Nome, leaving King Island about June 21. In October they are taken back to their island home by the cutter NORTHLAND. This place is surrounded by ice during, the winter and in the spring months it is a spcndid hunting ground for walrus. After a few days in the Bering Strait and in the Arctic Ocean, St. Lawrence Bay in Siberia was entered. At this point fresh water was taken aboard. After a two-day stop, St. Lawrence isiand was visted. St. Matthew Island, an uninhabited island in the Bering Sea, was m'xt on the schedule, and fron there the CHELAN proceeded to Nunivak Island, the home of the most primitive people in Alaska, The next point of interest to visit was Bogoslof Island located about 60 miles northwost of Unalaska. Enroute to this, the codfishermen from-the United States who arrive in Bering Sea in June and leave about September 15, were passed. In addition thereto the Japanese crab fishing fleet consisting of large ships, trawlers 2nd crab boats were seen. These boats catch the large spider erabs which are canned on the larger vesscls, Some of the whalers from the Aleutians and 2 number of vessels of the salmon canning flect from Bristol Bay greeted the CHELAN while patrolling. Bogoslof is perhaps the most attractive of the islands of Alaska. Four days were spent here and then a course was set for Unalaska where the Oceanographic Cruise ended. STATISTICS OF CRUISE. The Cutter CHELAN left Seattle on the 18 July, 1934, on Bering Sca patrol. Special arrangements had been made to utilize a part of the time to obtain data in the Bering Seca. A prearranged schedule preparca by the commanding officer assisted by the starf of the Oceanographic Laboratory of the University of Washington and approved by the Commander, Western Arca, and the Coast Guard Headquarters was followed. It is interesting to note in this connection that in June 1881 tho Revenue Cutter CORWIN landed a-party of officers and men, Rear Admiral W. E. Reynolds(then » 3rd Licutenant) in charge to make observations of tho currents and tempcratures of the waters that set through Boring Strait. Prior to the cruise the cutter was outfitted with the necossary equipment. The sick bay was temporerily rebuilt to serve as a laboratory. The following cquipment wes takeng 1. Modern fathometer (recording up to 125 fathoms). 2elhcrmograph, installed in the engine room. 3.e 1 Cunninghsm, oceanographic sounding machine, type HG. #440, of the following description: 660 fathoms of 3/16" witey . 3 HP. 220 volt A.C. d-phase 60 cycle motor equipped with wire laying carriage, 4 speeds in raising and lowering ,specd 3-% feet por second in low and 7 feet in high, friction control and brake control. 4, 1 meter wheel. DS. 1 200 Lb. lead sinker, = 4 we ‘MEMBERS OF CREW OF CHELAN WITH Lo ST BABY SEAL. i a id NATIVES OF SAVOONGA, ST. LAWRENCE IS. ABOARD CHELAN. 1 get Bae BABY SEAL. OQ ° b Goast & Geodetic Survey salinity apparattta with al} necessary chemicals and equipment for the analysis of sea watcr. rift stick,weighted at 15 fect. Ekman current meter (University of Washington)* Nonsen Knudsen type water bottles,'U.S.C.G. Improved type water bottles, Northirest Instrument Co. (University of Washington). : It. Y messengors (2 U.Ss.C.G.,: 5 Tee of We dentate an 12. 7 protected thermometers, reversing type (Richter and Wicse mekc) #2189, 3167, 3168, 3169, SL), ene une) Wemliye) (QUA oe) WA)) C 134 2 above type WoSicGe G. 14, 2 unprotected thermometers, reversing type or Richtor and Wieso make #2965 «nd 2966 (U. of W.). 15. 2 snapper type bottom samplers with lead weight (U.S.C.Gy). ‘16. 1 dredge type bottom sampler. : 17, Equipment of nets ond bottles for obtaining phyto plankton date. ie9) “2. Clear (*). The current moter was of the lntcst Ekmen type and had been calibrated before usc by Prof. Vv. Walfred Ekman of Sweden. The object of the cruise was to study the chenistry of the Bering Sea ocean floor, of the occan Water and of the various organisms end plants. This wes accomplished by obtaining samples of wter from which density and currents were calculated,temperatures measured, obtaining samples of water for determination of minor constituents and to study the vertical and geographical distribution of genera and species present. The physical properties, namely temperatures, pressures andthe concen- tration of salts were studied. The temperatures were measured first by ~ ordinary theymometer immersed in ‘water hauled on board with a bucket, secondly by recording thermograph placed in the intake of the condenser euvane a continuous record of the surface tomperatures, thirdly, intake tempcraturcs taken hourly by the engineer force, fourth, reversing thermometer to obtain temperatures at various depths. = 4. PRON i srreraatt 08) ae i Collection of Samples. The CHELAN was. provided.with an electric winch and 600 fathoms of sounding wire for sampling operations. The length of the wire limited the sampling depth to approximately 1000 meters which was enough in most cases, as only 9 of the 120 stations. occupied excecded that depth. Samples were collected by mcans or reversing bottles of the Nansen- Knudsen type. Scven levels could be sampled at one haul, a sufficient number for all stations in the shallow region north of the Pribilof Islands. Two hauls were necessary at the deep stations ‘south of the Pribilofs. Samples were drawn in duplicate from the water bottles into citrate bottles. The latter were tagged then stored im wooden cases to prevent breakage. One of the duplicates wis used in the determination of nutricnt salts soon after sampling. The other was reserved for chlorinity detsrminations which were made cither in port or at the Pie reels ogee Laboratorics at the ond of the eruise. Bottom samples wero obtained at a number af stations by means of a clam ‘shell grab. Those samples wore stored in pint and quart jars for wah furture analyses. Samples of surface water obtained enroute from Seattre to Dutch Harbor were picked up from the moving ship by teans of a bucket lowered over the side. Temperatures were obtained as soon as the samples came aboard. Due to the relatively small differences betwecn the temperatures of the air.and the water, those of the latter are reltabie to within ape rose uety one eae degree centigrade. Determination of Depth. A meter-wheel was used to determine the spacing of the sampling bottles placed on the line at definite intervals. Meter-wheel readings for a vertical wire accordingly indicated the depths of sampling but were checked for all deep stations by calculations based on differences in readings of the protected and unprotected thermometers. Wire angles were recorded if the line departed appreciably from the vertical and these were used in conjunction with the meter-wheel readings and those of the thermometers in obtaining the correct depth. Corrections’ for wire angle were scldom necessary as sampling operations were not carricd out during heavy Winds. In the few cases in which samples wore obtaincd at odd depths at individual stations, the temperature and chlorinity measurements have = been interpolated for uniform depths to facilitate comparisons between >-.: C stations. Bottom depths were obtained at the stations by mcans of sonicsounding (fathometer). Soundings given in the tables are corrected for temperature and chlorinity.e Temperature Determination. The water temperatures at the various stations were determined by means of reversing thermometers. The thermometers “were manufactured by Richter and Wiese and were calibrated originally by the Physikalische-Technische Reichanstalt. Most of them had been recalibrated ‘by the United States Bureau of Standards and were checked after the cruise at the Oceanographic Laboratories. Six of the cight thermometers usod were graduated to 0.05° C. and could be read with an error of less than @sOL2 Ce The valucs for the temperatures given in the tables are corrected readings. Necessary corrections were mide according to Schumacher's formula as given q by Soule (1933). E Determination of Chlorinity. The chlorinities were all checked determinations obtained by titrations with silver nitrate solution according to the Mohr method. Standard sea water of the Hydrographic Laboratories of Copenhagen was used as a primary standard. The probable error of the chlorinity determinationsis less than +0.01 °/oo. Dissolved Oxygen. The dissolved oxygen was determined by means of the Winklcr (1923) method. The samples for this determination were secured from the sampling bottles immediately after being reccived on deck and treated at once with the necessary reagents. The final titrations were all done aboard ship. The dissolved oxygen is reported in the tables in units of milligrem atoms per kilogram of water (1934). A milligram atom of an element is defined as that quantity of the element which has a mass in milligrams numerically equal to its atomic weight. The nutrient salts are reported in terms of microgram atoms of the principle clement per kilogram of sea water. A micro- gram atom, abbreviated mcg. at., equals one thousandth of a milligram atom. Benes The per cont saturation of dissolved oxygen was calculatcd from tablos prepared at tho Oceanographic Laboratories. These tables arc based on those of Whipole and ‘hipple (1911). Soluble Phosphates. Soluble phosphates were dctcmmincd by the ecrulemolybdate method of Deniges (1920) according to the modification of Truog and Meyer (1929). In order to compensate for the salt error, phosphatc- froc sca watcr wis used in the preparation of all comparison standards. So that no crvor would be introduced by storage, analyses wore mde on board -ship as soon as possible after the samples had attained the teaperature of the laboratory. This same procedure was Poller ee in the determination of silicate and nitrite. Determination of Silicates. The soluble silicates were determined by means of the silico-molybdate mentod using plese acid standards as out- lined by Thompson and Houlton (1933). Nitrite-Nitrogen, The determination of nitrites was made by the ecolorimctric method of Griess (1879) as modified by Ilosvay (1889). Nitrite* free sea water was uscd in the preparation of comparison standards to compensate for salt effects. Determination of pH. A Hellige comparator was used with cresol red as the indicator. The data in the tables are not corrected for temperatures or salt error. : Direct Current. \icasurements., The CHELAN was anchored. at several shallow stations and the water current measured directly by means of a current meter of the latcost Ekman type (1932). The currcont moter had been calibrated just before use by Professor V. Waitrid Hkman of Lund, Sweden. The currea magnitudes listed in the tables arc expressed in knots, and dizections in degrees magnetic. No attempt has been made to correct the directions for local variation or the deviation due to the iron masses of the ship. The deviation caused by the ship's magnetism varies with the ship's heading and the depth of the current meter. In most casés it is probably not more than aloe at olo meters below the surface. Dynamic Computations and Calculated Currents. The densities,ef: the water samples at atmospheric pressure and the temperatures at which they occured in the sea were ascertained from the temperature and chlorinity data by the use of Knudsen's Hydrographigal Tables (1901). The densities in situ and reciprocal qQuantities,the specific volumes in situ, dynamic depths, and relative velocities were then obtaincd by methods based on the Bjerknes theory (1910) similar to those outlined by Hesselberg and Sverdrup (1915) and Smith (1926). Tables by the latter authors have been modified at =» the Oceanographic Laboratories to give chlorinity-pressure corrections directly rather than salinity-pressure corrections thus eliminating from dynamical computations the unnecessary step of obtaining salinity. Currents as obtained by means of Bjerknes theory are relative, the currents of the upper water level being obtained in reference to the lowest observed level, where it is asswacd that thoro is no movement of the water, or, exprossed differently, the current near the bottom is taken as zero. The values for calculated currents appearing in the tables are based on this assumption. These relative values are almost identical with tho absolute values at : stations taken in deep water, but in shallow water in whioh there is an a appreciable current at the bottom the calculated values are less than the absolute values. a Explanation of Tables. The experimental data and calculated dynamic quantitics have bcen arvanged in 4 tables. © 4n outline of these. tables and their contents is as follows: Table I, scction (a) gives the tompcrature and chlorinity data and » calculated dynamic quantitics for the diffcrent stations and sections es- tablished in Boring Seca. The same general form is used for cach station. The station hcoadings are for the most part solf explanatory and contain the following information: station's number, position of station, datc and time of sampling, the bottom depths as obtuined by sonic soundings, and the physical nature of the bottom or Boe ter eeepc stations at which these observations were .madee The significanec of the various columns is as follows: Column 1. Depth in moters at which aoe were taken. The values are reearded as numcrically equal to the pressure in decibars. Cc 2. Corrceted temperatures, gootece ene oC 3. Chlorinity, parts per mille. & (a) Salinity, parts per mille. ON SRG: Ke an iL) 10%, wiaetere) 7 a a ats the density as computed from the’ taperature ana chlorinity but not corre ected for pressure. w By iy bys kn 5 Os t,p - (Cs,t,p - 1) 10°, where @ s,t,p 18 the density in situ. oo etic x 10° equals the specific volume in situ multiplied by i LO? 7, Dynamic Gepths below the surface of corrcsponding isobaric levels of Column 1; expressed in units of dynamic meters. : In goneral, observations were made at eccrtain standard \E. depths but in a number of instances this was not possible. So:that direct comparisons could be made between stations in these cases, the observed data were interpolated or extrapolated to other depths. These interpolated or extrapolated values and calculated quantities based thercon ae in the table enclosed by parentheses (). Observations of doubtful value from any cause have been rejected and are not listed in the table. ‘ Table I, section (b) contuins additionel chemical data for the stations given in Table I, snd is arranged in a similar manner. The ero eines in Table I may be explained as follows: Column 1. . Depth in meters 2. Soluble phosphate concentration expressed in units of microgram ~ atoms phosphorus per kilogram of sea water. awe OBTAINING SAMPLES OF WATER KING ISLAND. FROM WATER BOTTLES. DOC BARNES WITH EKMAN: METER. DECK SCENE DR. PHIFER AND MR. BARNES. Te ieee ‘Ui. DECK FAIRLEAD FOR SOUNDING WIRE. DOC BARNES READING TEMPERATURE. Column 3. Soluble silicate concentration as microgram atoms of silicon per kilogram of the sea water. 4. Nitrite nitrogen concentration as microgram.atoms of nitro- gen per kilogram of sea water. Se Dissolved oxygen concentration as milligram atoms of oxygen per kilogram of sea water. 6. Dissolved oxygen as per cent saturation. 7. Hydrogen .ion concentration as Pie Table IT contains the physical and chemical data of the surface waters as obtained on the cruise from the Strait of Juan de Fuca to Dutch Harbor. The colum headings in.this table have the same meaning as out-— lined for Table I. : | Table III is a tabulation of the differences in dynamic depth, differences in dynamic height, and computed currents for the stations of sections given in Table I. The stations are grouped in pairs, as indicated in the headings. K is a constant for each pair of stations. The value of K is determined from the mean latitude of the stations, the distance be- tween stations and the angular velocity of the carth's rotation. The columns have the following significance; : Colum le Depth in meters or pressure in decibarse 2. ANE x 10 = difference in dynamic depth x 10° for the given pair of adjacent stations at the levels imdicated in Column I. The differences are obtained from Table I by subtracting the valucs of dynamic depth at onc station from those at another in the order indicated in the heading af the table. 3. /\ H x 10° = difference in dynamic height x 105 referred to the lowest common depth sampled. 4e This colum contains the components of thé water velocity in a direction perpendicular to the section. The velocity is expressed in units of Imots (nautical miles per hour) and is relative to the lowest common depth sampled. Poti- tive and negative values indicate the direction of the current across the sectione Table IV summarizes the direct current measuremnts as obtained at various stations in Bering Sea by the use of the Ekman current meter. An explanatory note is given at the beginning of the table. Generally speaking the following data was obtained: Dynamic sectiors taken, major 15 minor 14 Stations occupied, 120 Samples taken for temperature, 617 Chlorinity and,salinity determination, 617 each Current measurements by Ekman meter, taken at 7 stations, the instruments lowered, to different depths from the surface to 40 meters, 148. Drift stick data at cach anchorage, Determinations of minor constituents such as Silicate, phosphate, dissolved oxygcn, 600 cach. Ph and nitrate nitrogen 400 cach The Phyto Plankton obtained from net hauls and water bottle samples were taken to determine the vertical and geotoeseer: distribution of gencra ond species prescnte PORS ISTRY. Professor -J.L. Alexander, accompanied the oceanographic party as assistant observer. One thousand seedlings of different varictics were reccived on board and a large quantity of secd, Scodlings were planted as follows: 300 on Expedition Island; 1 grove of 100 at Dutch Harbor; 200 distributed in Unalaska; 200 at St. Paul and the others aued ous ly distributed in the islands of the Sea. The scevds- were dis- tributed as follows: a number on St. Lawrence - ‘Island, on Nunivak Island, at St. Paul nd in Unalaska. SECTIONS AND STATIONS: The following shows the loeation of the various sections with their several stations. Wine east-west sections and six-north-south sections were established from Unalaska to thé Arctic Circle with a total of 120 stations. Sections —__No. Stations _ Place a Date al 11 1-11 Dutch: Harbor - St. George 7/26-27/34 2 “6 12-16 St. George - St. Paul 7/27/34 3 TS) WPS St. Paul - Home 7/28/34 to : 7/30/34 ° 4 B. SS85 King Island - Fairway Rock FU AL Ba 5 4 36-59 Bering Strait, Sane 7/31/34 - 6 5 40-44 Bering Strait, North of Rast 7/SEPB4 to ; Cape 8/1/24 - Wp AB te. BO) (Bs Tidal cycle Bering Strait 8/1/34 to 8/2/34 7 13 46a-b to 57 St Lawrence Bay, Siberia 8/2/34 to to ifome 8/4/34 8 9 58 to 66 Bateio2> O90) Mae lonelGse 8/4/34 to 24" W. to Savoonga, St. 8/5/34 Lawrence Island ee all @ ue oO za aw No ~A 4 8039 0Cg, 2 38 64, °C 37 OCEANOGRAPHIC SECTIONS SHOWING STATIONS USCGCUTTER CHELAN 26 -JULY-24 AUGUST 1934 q| cc AA ee N47 Vy ; ny oh ae \ MS 1 ALi Tee z94030 1st. ; peep hyd 1S I IMSHOGNYNOY |) ‘SANIT N3YO¥Es DNO1V G3NIVLEO 3Y3M SATdWVS FVAANS ‘SNOILVLS 1NIS3YdIY. SLOG bEbi GSES, NONDSKe! ' : fi Gd ck WHA WH: A WH WW OO ct TL ‘4 SHOTTONS AND STATIONS - continued Sections _No. Stations fap Ae NEST AC Cd ____ate 9 Try Gyrrom7ee: Gambell to Siberia 8/5/34 to h 8/6/34 10 Us '/O)everne) Sx2 Siberia to St. Matthew. Island 3/6/54 to 8/7/84 aba 10) (.S4tov9S St. Matthew ~ Nunivak 8/9/34 - 1 94 Off Cape Mohican, Nunivak Island 8/10/54 12 Henn ey = sbOm Hast of St. Paul Island 8/12/34 al 9 104b to 112 Bogoslof Island, St George 8/20/54 to Islond 8/21/34 14 4 113 - 116 St. Paul Island - Wes% 8/21/34 15 ae LAL I ILO) .Lat. 54° 12" 45" N. Lome. 168° 8/24/54 Q5'-- 35" W to Lat. 549 19° N, Long. 166° 10' W The CHELAN was anchored in the following placcs ror current data: Nome 50 July Western Bering Strait 1 avgust Off Gamble 6 August St. Matthew Island 6 August Cape ifohican LO=-11 August Bogosl of 18-19-20 August Hours underway: 897 Miles cruised: 11,683 ee ee Bering Sea, (figure I) second only to the Mediterranean Sea in size, covers an area of 878,000 square miles. It extends from latitude of 52° North to the Arctic Circle a distance of over 800 miles North and South and from 160° West to 160° East Longitude and is bounded on the south by the Alaskan Peninsula and tho Aleutian Islands, on the cast by Alaskan coast lines, and on the west by the Siberian coast, a aximin of over 1200 miles cast and west. On the north, it is connected with the Arctic Occan by mcans of Bering Strait. The Alcutian Islands, jutting about 900 milcs to the westward from the mainland to a comparatively short distance of the Asiatic mainland are a con- tinuation of tho Alaskan Poninsula. Thoy form a partial barricr between the North Pacifie Occan and the Bering Sea. Thoy are mountainous: in the extreme and gencrally of volcanic origin. Their average elevation is .bout 1000 ft. reaching as maximum to 5000 ft. They are devoid of timber but a luxurious growth of flora is present generally below the snow line. The shores are bold on the northern side with numerous offlying islets, rocks and reefs to the southward. They are divided into groups, such as Fox Islands, Rat Islands, etc. The charts are usually inaccurate having been mad¢ from tho carly Russian charts. - .” . Tho ‘essential foatures of the bottom topography (figure 2) may be . outlined as follows: The castern:and northern portions of Bering Soa arc shallow, the bottom depth rarcly excecding 100 motors. Sevoral islands eh a among which are St. George and St. Paul (the Pribilofs), Nunivak, St. Matthew, St. Lawrence and the Diomedes, are located in the shallow region. The 100-meter contour extends from Unimak Pass in a northwesterly direction south of the Pribilof Islends to the east Siberian coast. The 1000 and 3000 meter contours lie to the southcast of the 100 meter contour and follow a direction roughly parallel tc it. Im most places the bottom drops orf more abruptly between 1000 and 3000 meters then between 100 and 1000 meters. The southwestern portion of Boring Sea is a basin of uniform depth of ap- proximatcly 3500 mctors. It is connected to the Pacific Occan between Attu Island and the Komandorski Islands by a channel.of the same depth. This channel provides the sole means of circulation of tho docp waters of the Bering Seca with those of the Pacific. Between Attu Island and the Alaskan Peninsula, the many islands of the Aleutian chain are scparatcd by pesses ranging in dcpth from 20 or 30 to over 1000 meters. These passes permit exchange of surtece waters between the two bodies of water. North of the Aleutian Ridge the Bering Sea drops to a depth of over 3500 meters within 10 to 25 miles from the islands. The 1000 meter contour in some cases is less than two miles off shore. South of the islands the bottom of the Pacific slopes more gradually, the 1000 meter contcur seldom being less tnan 10 miles from land, but cxtends to greater dcpths reaching a maximum of over 7000 metcrs in the aleutian Trough, 100 miles south of the Ridge. Bering Strait connects Bering Sea with the Arctic Occan. It is less than 50 miles wide at its narrowest point end is from 40 to 60 mcters dcep. Bering Strait provides a restricted path for the circulation of surface water between the Bering and the Arctic, but does not allow any transfer of deep water. Conditions thus exist in Bering Sea and the North Pacific that are not encountered in the-more open North Atlantic. The little that is known of the circulation of the waters of Bering Sea is due ‘chiefly to reports from ships’ navigators. This information for the eastern portion of Bering Sea as summarized in the “United States Goast Pilot" (1931) is essentially as foliows: As far west as Attu Island, water flows through the passes of the Aleutian Islands from the Pacific to the Bering Sea. A rising tide increases the current to the north; a falling tide reverses it to the south but at a smaller velocity. Immediately north of the Aleutian Islands from Attu Island to Unalaska Island, the current set toward the east and are not affected by tides. In general the water ae of Eastern Bering Sea moves north and empties into the Aretic through Bering Strait. Normal currents in Bering Strait are reported as 2 knots, but here as in other parts of Bering Sea the currents mey be strongly influenced by winds. The northward flow is substantiated by a similar movement of the ice which generally covers Bristol Bay and Bering Sea north of the Pribilofs during the winter months. In the western portion of the Bering Sea along the Siberian coast, south of the Gulf of Anadir, currents have boon reported setting south, (Krurmie?, 1911). The reports of the Comuancing Ofsicers ofthe U.S. Coast Guard Cutters BEAR and CORWIN generally confirm these findings. (Sce pages 31 to 36 inclusive). Tidel currents set through the various passes between the islands in a northerly or northeasterly directicn on the flood tide and with an cbb tide, follow a southerly or southwesterly direction. Velocities as ercat as 9 knots are sometimes observed in the passes (U.S. Coast Pilot. Alaska. Part II, 504, (1931). The passes in the entire Aleutian Chain vary in i depth from 15 to 20 fathoms to more than 300 fathoms, and thus provide paths for free circulation of the surface waters of Bering Sea and the North ar ae FIGURE 2 V0 aura Nee! sc \ A) \ ; (ieeplUnl 5 “BOTTOM TOPOGRAPHY “og DEPTH IN METERS BB hy ral v jsibe “ss et i ” ss si ae =” ahs 4 ‘ al os y re i 2 ee el) itp) i eel ; pave era iit ae Fes Pacific. However, the Aleutian Ridge prevents any exchange of the abysmal waters. Between Attu Island and the Komandorski Islands, depths of 2000 fathoms have been recorded, thus providing a means for the exehange of the # deeper waters. (See CHELAN ‘Report Pages 46 and 47). Bering Strait prevents any exchange of the waters of the Arctic Ocean and thus produces conditions in Bering Sea and the North Beanie that are not encountered in the North Atlantic. Three great rivers, the Yukon and Kuskokwim in Alaska and the 4nadir in Siberia, discharge into the northern waters of Bering Seae The basin of Bering Sca is approximately divided into two cqual portions by the 100-fathom contour which extends from Unimak Pass, in a northwesterly direction, to Sibcria, passing just south of the Pribilof Islands. The sea floor, cast and north of this contour, is an inmense plateau of little changing depth, averaging between 20 and 5O fathoms and shoaling gradually toward the coast lines. West and south of the contour, the sea floor drops more or less rapidly to a basin approximating a depth of 2000 fathoms. Prior to the sailing of the CH&LAN from Seattle, a recording fath- ometer was installed. This kept an accurate account of the soundings up to 125 fathoms. The CHHLAN covered much of the territory in the Boring Sea and some in the Aretic. An accurate record was kept of soundings and positions, which data was plotted. Many intercsting observations were made from these soundings. It can be seen thet if the elevation of the shores of the Bering Sea, the Arctic Occoan and a continental shelf lying orf them is raised 200 fect they would connect Asia and Alaska; if they were raised 200 feet it would connect the castern Alcutians as far as Umnak and the Pribilof Islands with the mainland of Alasxe, laying bare a vory large level plain, covering the northern half and most of the castern part of the Bering Scae It was possible to obsorve the contour and constructions of many of the islends of the Bering Sea and the lines of Alaska and Asin. With this information ond data with reference to the depths, i world Bano ate thit the glacial theory is a correct one. Soundings would indicate that a geologically short time ugo the continent of North America and Asia were probably one being connected during the period when tho mammoth passed over from Asia to America. Investigations have shown that man probably passed from Asia to America, over the Asian-Aucrican bridge or over that vast continental platcau which occupicd what is now Bering Sea, Bering Strait, and a part of the Arctic Sea. The similarity of rock structure on both sides of Bering Strait is proof of the former land connection between Alaska and Siberia. In spite of great variety in types, the American natives show definite similarities to Asiatics. A careful investigation of these tribes has given very significant indications as to the character of the othnological connections between the northern Asiatics, and the Eskimo. The Aleutians Islands and those of the Pribilofs, St. Matthew, St. Lawrence and Diomedes appear to be just a degraded portion of tie Arctic glacial mountains with thoir foothills and most of the lowest portions under watcr; -~ 13 = the submerged ridges forming the passes between the islands, while the plains approaching these mountains now covered by the shallow waters form the Boring Sca. it bears out the theory that an ice sheet from the Arctic region once covered this area and dischargéd itself into the Pacific Ocean and that the basins of the Bering Sea, Bering Strait and the Arctic Ocean were simply a portion of the bed of the icc shect which was erroded to a moderate depth bencath the level of the sca and over which the waters were eradually cxtcended as thc ice sheet was wthdrawn and scparated the two continents. ALEUTIAN ISLANDS - WEATHER. As a result of their location, winds from practically cvery direction are near saturation, This applics cspccially to these between southcast and southwest which have blown over the North Pacifie Ocean, absorbing wat.r from the Japanese current, this as a result of the higher water temperatures. South winds are usually present when the lows travel across the islands. Clear weather is usually present when the Polar Highs sweep southward toward the Aleutian Islands with a northwest to north winds, which winds contain air of low humidity far below saturation, being mostly from over Siberia and are thus dry. Most of the fall and winter stoimms of the North Pacific originate in the Alcutian Islands. The weather in the Islands is usually misty with frequent blows but during the Winter scason and in the late spring northwest Winds are on- countered with consequent clear weather. The sumer winds are usually southeast to southwest with «en ocessional northcaster. They arc not very severe and of short duration but the winter gales are Long and severe. ‘The temperatures of the islands are not very extreme because of the fact that they lie between the warm Japanese current and the cold Bering Sea waters. They can be considsred mild and stomny in Winter and cool anddamp in the sumicr months. No freezing temperatures occur during the summer months, the micdle of May and first of October being the Limiting periods. ‘Tho procipitation averages about 70 inches with the greatest fall in the autumn and winter and the least in summer. Precipitation occurs on about 200 days a year, the most during October. The Kuro Suvo or Japancse current, breaks on the western end of the Aleutian chain. Half flows eastward south of the Island and cerries with it the warm moist atmosphere which is condensed on the snow peaks and sinks downward in the fine and delicious mist that gives the grass its vivid, brilliant, perpetual green. The other half passés 7 northward into Bering Sea. BEHRING Sita. The most outstanding feature about the weather in Boring Sea is its great uncertainty. Like the Alcutian Islands good weather is rare end the Winds cannot be depended upon to remain long in one quartor. The late spring and summer arc mild and very foggy, with comparatively fow strong winds and considerable rain. Arter September 1, gules become frequent but not so heavy, fogs gradually lessen, and toward the latter part of the month snow often accompanies the storms. During the fell and winter, gales aro frequent, violent, and from almost any quartcr. These gales arc often accompanired by very low barometers. Though sometimes very severe, they are usually not so strong as would be expoctcd -14- ‘yO CAR (NOUNS SIA 86m EL SAL QOOSEhHREE a BEBO MERI 2 2C4ab> Ea Fd ACA ata ad aS iad ed Rake ea : BOECE EEE EEC CCEEEEEEEE Ciba SSRULUU0US UOL2I8 2 WU OU OOOO oe Mid bd A lied ll lil i ALLL —- San sheee Ls iL, U a (a cana == a= ata aalS TTT Tt AD rn Sar att 8 de : , ee et a) i | 7 te sail ids a th rD iano whe 2 y Lo ‘WH O'S1A EE (MOSS SIA wasn LSA ONY. fe a Nesey of = * 14 Lo oi cisinis Lsinisiq cab | rs t | i rac PITA rs ¥ig ¥ i jet tt 4 T (oma ++ ~ ' | i | + + a f ff Im | | este i 4 Het LI a tt 1 ~ {a ie hfe ina | 1 i | ial ee t + + iim il a | 4 ct iat > ‘Tomeliaal a + ‘9 5 Ib SHG 4BGRReeE LE BEER AREDES 240s: Ses ss eea Spsesness 25: ed + hae pe Steen SESAPES: ae ie eee ooo ps pie — ves 2 a a ne ee oe ee ee ee ee i } ; one eee So ee eae tag) 6 -} +r. —_— —— a-—a——a— 7 -—-= eh 7 Degas te prt v8 phy Vie: mah ace a ev Heute 1934 BERING SEA 26 JULY-24 AUGUST OCEANOGRAPHIC CRUISE T Oxy. Stations 33 fo 35 mel. Stations 36 te 39 ml. Stations 40 te 43 id. Stations 46 fe 57 ml. Section W Section © Section WL Sectien ML Diemsvs Is D Kime Iz / Se) ae ee) a 42 - a ‘ ¢ sn hatte Jas ead ph CUTTER G HELAN OCEANOGRAPHIC CRUISE “ &§ BERING SEA 26 JULY~ 24 AUGUST iea¢ DIIBATE_DISISiBWTLON HYRROGEN DISTRIBUTION , i vie ie nh NOAM ALSTA NISONa LH ACIAM Bsa SLVILIN Norinaralsta NOTTS ¥E6! ishony #2-A1nr 92 w3S ONINIG 3SiNdd JIiHd VYOONW IDO NW TaHDS ywalinda 9IOSN ean _— 2 = === were P. “P4004 joy ueboaphH PU* A mee eis Ta ipaty j ‘ ’ j Aj XN AS eres > KA 9 C a r 8 a 0 kine te Care Roumey ‘ 26 JULY-24 AUGUST 1934 NITRATE DISTRIBUTION HYDROGEN DIS TRIBUTION Stations 33 to 35 incl Stations 36 to 39 inch Stations 40 to43incl. Stations 46 to 57 incl. MI puld Section IW Section WZ Section Section Sete et Gye i a ; eh pa hey ; mea" ail i mgt ener’ irregularly from 0.00 to 0.27 mcg. at. per kilo. Soluble silicates were slightly less concentrated near the Alaskan Peninsula than off the con- tinental shelf in the Gulf of Alaska. The propertics of the water in the Pacific inmodiately south of the Alaskan Peninsula were quict analagous to those of castern Bering Sca and mark tho North Pacific as the source of Bering Sea watcre 1879. 1889. 1901. 1910.6 1911. 1915. 1920: 1923. 19266 1929. 1950. geil 1932. 1936. Bibliography. Griess, P. Bor. 12: 427. | Tlosvay, M.eLe Bulle Soc. chon. Sere 5, 2: 547. Knudsen, Martine ELVCERC SSS ipbeaul Tee Copenhagen. Bjerknes, VeFek. ond Sandstrom, J.W. Dynamic Meteorology and Hydrography. Carnegie Lust Bu Nea 88. Le cer cara, D.C. Krurimel, Otto. Handbuch der Goma ts, Vol. 2, De 725-724 ‘Stuttgart. Whipple, Geo. and Whipplo, LieC. J, An. Chem. Soc. 33, De 562-365. Hesselberg, Th. and Sverdrup, H.U. Bergens Museums Aarbok, No. 14, 1914-1915. Bergene Deniges, C..0 cute Acad. dese SCes Paris, a tg S02 Winkler, ZeW.e Standard Methods of Water imsdees deh. dr. Publ. Health Assoc. Sth cd. 59-61. Smith, E.H. U.S. Coast Guard Bulletin No. 14.’ Washington, D.Ce Truog, HE. and Meyer, A.H. Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ete 1, De 155~139, Wis, Georg. Der Golfstrom. Sonderabdruk”Atis Der Zeitschrift Der Gopal een Fur Erdkunde Zu Berlin. Jahragang 1930, Nr. = pe 42-59, Berline Unites States Coast Pilot, ane Pte Il, pe 15-14 and pe 304. Washingtone Ekman, V.W. Journ. du Conseil VII, No. 1, pe. 3-10. Soule, F.M. Hydrographic Reve. 10, pe 126-1350. Thoripson, T.G. and Houlton, H.G. Ind. Eng. Chom. Anal. Hd. 5, 417. Carter, N.M., Moberg, H.G., Skogsborg, T., and Thompson, T.G. Proc. Fifth Pace Sci. Cong. AS, pe. 2125-2127. Thompson, T.G., Thoras, BeD. and Barnos, C.A. Distribution of Dissolved Oxygen in the North Pacifie Ocean. James Johnstone Memorial Volumo, p. 205-264. Liverpool. Igclsrud, I., Robinson, R.J. and Thompson, 7.G. University of Washington Publications in Occanography, Vol. 3, No. 1, p. 1-34. Seattle. ed a 23 = Section (a) Section (b) Temperature Chlorinity Dynamic Depth Dissolved Oxygen Adéenda sheet, Table I. Under section (a) change heading Chlorinity and Dynamic Depth from: Depth : Temperature : Chlorinity : Meters : _ 0, : Hiroe Depth Meters Temperature :.Chlorinity : fee 3 °7/o00 Addenda shect, Table I. Under scction Silicon, Nitrite Nitrogen from: ‘Depth : Phosphorus; Silicon Meters + meeatex 10": mgeat. x 10 Depth Meters “Phosphorus ; Silicon MC&e Ave 2 mMcSeAte x LO Os,t,0 * [S,t,p PIGS 10) GLCLIS 5 : Nitrite Nitrogen mg.eate. x 10 : N a. N : Dynamic : De p th : Dynamic Depth (bo) change hcading Phosphorus. 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Gutseg : 66caa ? 92°S8r : [esis oat ) > cOTX ? 00/, : 00/5 : Do $ SLOUT ygdeq otmueukg : d%4's, : dfa'so : ofafso : AVTUTTeS : AVTUTZOTYO : Sangerodwey, : yydeq 1044 0g (szeqom 997) smoyger gez :49deq OTUOSg SO0Z-TT6T PeuTL HE-9e-L 1078T M 400 ,49T * SOT N 188 97S °F2T g ?uoTseys edL0ey *49 = LOoqrtey young - [ NOLLOES n ——- a ee i ee Goo0Te* TST = O08 > 06°98 > @E°9G = 90°SE : 0S°8T : BE"S : GéT ror? 46 = O62 = oSe°Sse =: GErog = 90°SS . 0S*ST : Te°*S uy OOT BSSSTL° Gd > 67 5 CHAO 8 Wire o Seas : 61°ST : “ge7a : Gz EGacL*Sr 2 Gay me velde: OOnde = ages : HOLST = a Gata —— 5 ole GIGS a =e OL Re GG o Uae 3 Beas : COMA a Vout = a Ge GOSG4°s * 87S 7 pileGe = —SOrGe =» Garces : 48° AT : 9S°8 : OT @) + GGG46 =: 80°S2 = 80°Ge : 62°C : 43° 4T : a9o°s . 0) kyooy T6176; 4deq otuos OS40-F290 POUT YE-Le-L POTET M sES 989T *Su0T N 19T .9¢ °S8T g :m0Tge4ag OS627° 46 * £6¢ > Gh°9? = 96°92 = CbB°SS : PER otel Boos : OOT GOLSTPE GL : 8T7 = 06°92 = VEI9g = Seve : 4T°ST : V's : Gu ETL94° Sv + 997 > 00°92 : GA°Sg = ULG*Ss : GO°8T : 96°C : OS GLO6E° TS * GYG 8 Ge 8 Cogs 8 Wares, : Ge° aT : or°*s : ere O¢uS4°6 5 OIG, 8 GOs Ss Oehe co Wilds : 64° AT . 6L°6 . OT =0- 3) GIGUG Ss SS ye = Serve solace = sn Oma (ES 1G > wo110g ( Sis Zou OFZ ) sumcys4es TSt 2U4asq oTuog GESO-7GZO :euTT 7E-LS-L 299 eT M sTT 9891 *“Su0T NM 19E 9GS “FeT 4, *WOTZEIS OG6eL°F76T = ATE > 9G°4g = g9°9¢ = eyrae : 0G°8T : Or°S : 008 O0CZT°97T = SCE > 61°42 = dv°9e : Bers : ev° st : CaS : OST OGLE * 26 > Cec > Ge°ag = 62°9G : Te°as : CS*ST : G6°S : OOT O0S880° Sz > L407 > 29°98 = Ag*9g = OL°SE ci oE°S8T : 92° : GL OS7EL° SY : Gey a GyoOe2 8 BGs 5 Berea : 92° ST . 4a? . OS GLAS °F - 697 > £6°G > Ge°cg : F8°ss : ST°ST : Ga°9 : Ge OS0G4°6 Oo (ew. 0 sD 6 BPS odes : Oi St . 0S * 4 : OT 0) * 60G46 : ¥G°G¢? = vS*Se > @4° SS : TL°st : 44° zh : 0 : OT B : G 00/, : 00/5 a 2 : STe4Zory ygdeq opmeufg : dats, : d*4's, : 0f4'sg : AqturTesg : AyturTsoTyD : einjereduey : yydeq 2109. 70q (sxeqomrtog) swoyyes AST sq4deq oTUOg 000-8622 :euTL PE-Le-L 28 Feq AGS j49T *SU0T "N 120 Go “FET g WoTzTe4S seL0ey *41G — LoqzeH Yyound - T NOTLOWS EN ” es a. @, eo. @ SECTION 1 — Dutch Harbor,=— St. George 6 Station Nitrite Silicon me.atex 10% Orous_° Phosph Depth Jitrogen g& ih eX 10° . e eat 1.10 0.95 Meters 220 10 co 1.20 1.89 205 Real 2021 Zell 20 _D3e0 50 123) 100 150 5.0 6.0 5.0 OA) 200 7 Station AsO 0.58 0.38 2300 ee LO 29 520 1.51 1.89 2eal 50 77 Ke) ae ite) [\ eo 100 8 Station 8509 1.9 0.16 0.32 10 856 12 Ded 25 50 63-20 {oruk 1.26 75 58 29 eo 100 125 eOl5 ee CRG OS ae OO RC te Se OT SLATE : Cr Ge OGRE) — he BIG ROG G OEIGR BEAD RG=- 8 qe Air : asians = OT =) 0 8886 = eke) desea ieee seed : SPs © 0) TTeys pue pues TOF JOG (szeqou yy) smoqaes pe :4sdeq oTUOS GGTT“OSIl *eurL 7O-L2=L207eq W492 (69T *su0T MN 198 09S °22T TT :u0T#e4S (BESET Ga) : : SGA oS GS EES) TE SIGE (Sez) = 23(GR) Gees Oh 6 Gln 8 O6lGR 5- PErGe 8 Geeee 8 asP ui Be Siiese — re SE) (GSES) 3 (tie) 3 (GlGe)s (sre) S (eres) 8 (Grex) 4 (eis) a8 (0) RACH Ci UNG BO OG Bees Te es SPATE : Gy = aay OBQERIHE 8 Me 8 = SIG 3 yeh Ge 8 FARE BBL : VeeG™ GZ GAIGILG 9 Gee 3 Holes SEE 8 BOLE 8 YA : ogte == OT 4. GGG S- GB°Fe 8 COE 8 7O°@S- 8 SC aE : 6e°s.t 0) > m0440q (Si9840u G6) SmOuULeT [SC 244. deq ovTu0Ss VSOT-SOOT Out y PenLe-4 2e4eq M s4T (69T. °SU0T N 10 99 “S81 OT :woTze4S Gee OD Se Oa OE: CE ne 8 ae) Se : Oyen. a OOT Gea) Geis = SOC AR OR be B- WSO BR 6 — S10) iSNE : LIE as Gd CHOLES Gli 95 GOL B GiOGe bo MeCae = SSIS HATE : Pesos = os OHSEeGe 5 Gee 8 OI 8 eS GOP ASN : pele= G2 GISCTEG) = 67S. p= Gee Oem eee Omnis eure Olea : 46°S 3 OT (ee SCAG 5 — Cyt oe CCE 5 CWS SE : 7O°6 3 ) $ cOTX : 5 : 00/5 : 00/5 $ Ne si sreyoyl Wideg ommeusg 9 Gegeon degen Out SG: Aytutpes : AqtutazoTyO : eanyzeroduey : yydeq pueg :toq}og (steq,eu GIT) smomer gg +4ydeq OTUOS 9260-SS80 :euTy PErLs-L 1098 HM 120 (691 *SUOT NenGe 0c. sen 6 ‘wot 84S estoey *4S = coqzteq qo>nq - T NOLLOUS ee 5° e @ at ae = h ae be Qe 1.5 @- pe Oo Of ey ef Re 8 OURS) : eS” : : gue : 88°0 : it > 4°06 : 8GG° : : ge : HELO 5 OT + G*iS : Orc? : 2 8°T : 4G°0 : 9) TT :woTseag FT (S777) : : O°? : pean (GA) > G*Gh : Ost” : ‘ o°2 e GOIQ) 8 Cry, 2 (ore) 5 = (elas) : (v°2) : (220) =~ (os) > 2°98 : gec* : : G°? : Gime One G° 27 > 0°28 : 90S* : : Gear : 4G°O G2 > 0°48 3 (si0iet: ? : 8°O : GeeO OT a = 6°16 : 99S° : : 4°O : ee, 0) : 0) : OT :mOTSBIg Se ey a es fea oS a 1 = Or 2 E°C9 : 61v* : : o°v : Gio i — S GL ee rece : : Bee : ioe oe 0g > O°TOT = £O6Gc° : : 8°0 : BOO). 5 G2 = 22°96 a > SGaae 2 : (9°0) : GO) OT : 9°86 oes : ; G*O : O02 fe) SS isl Chas *e°Sm =: OT X *ge*su t FOT X°4B° > oOL x Fes F STOLeyy Hd : WecdAXO POATOSSTE 2 n0$024 TH O4TIZIN : UOoTTIS : Snozoydsoug : u9deg } 6 :woTze4S esioey *49 = TOqgzey Yoong - T NOLLOS ih + dee e: at es: * re 8628S °72 2 : : CLLR GE Fa GOR ERS ta SLOT : 92°9 > e GGSGL°6 © ESS * 62°G@ = 72°Ge : 60°2¢E : 94° AT : 62°9 : OT o) J REIGNS 5 Gee 8 ECE 8 BOCES HF EAH : 62°9 EG 710) .0g *U4ceq oTuOG OZ6T ? MTT pe-le-L eyed = MW AOT (OAT °SU0T NM 440 G49 °42T 9T :m0TIeIg GBEGu°s = 9G > O¢*Gca = T2°Ge = 60° Tne CLE : 87°9 : OT soe OMe SO. 8 EE See cere 8 Sar 67°90 yW07 10g (Stoqeu e{T) swomes oT *49deq OTUOG GPOT -S4tL FPE-Le-L +94 eq M sVT (04T ° SUOT N 140 (4G ° FCT GT :uoTZeIS GL4GL° SV > 647 > 98°Ge > 2@9°Ge : Gé°gEs : Ge°at : 40°77 : OS OTISE* FS : 67 * ©@4°G@ = 66°9¢ = Ié=72E ° GS° aT : Tl°? : GS GLSGh°6 = =F9S + “Oye = T6°7¢ = Vo Ts : 89° AT : 76° L : OT @) 2 WG 5 (oshived 8 Osis Fees Is ° 49° 4T : 46° 4 : @) :1101.10g (Stoqem 99) smoy4er 9¢ Tadeq OTvOG EGGI-eeGT FSuUrL 7E-L2-4 +9 Led IN 16S g69T eSUCT N 19G 99G °*FeT YT suorpzers EVIGL* ST : GLY = O6°GE = 99°S2 > wEerss : 68° 4T . 61°? : OS EVVBES* FS = LOS * ¢9°Geg = TG°Gg : Eee . vB° at . 40°S : Go (S9G9°TT) = (GGG) : (ae°Ge): (Oe°Ge): (eT°2a) = (e4°AT) : (64°9) = (ST) GPSSGL°6 > @GG = 60°SG2 = FO°Se = 40° Sa : GL° aT : 49° : OT ©) > 4AGG46 + varGe = yo°cg = 40°32 : GL° aT . 89° 4 : 0) :1104.4.0g (SHeqom OZ) smoyzer ee q4deq OTUs CSPI-GOPT > Sut, VETuosk OTe M 39% (69T °su0T N 197 09S °S8T GT +UoTZeys GS62e9° TL = GoG > BE°Ge = Of°Sd = T° : 64° AT : 40°9 ees ae GOEGL°6 : 4&6 = 9OS°SS = Of°GS = VI°SsE : 64° 4T : OT*9 : OT (6) > PEGL6 = Be°SGe = Bg°Gcg : giT°as : BL° AT : Ge°9 : 0) : gOT xs 3 90/ : 00 : S107 oI yadeq otmeutg : d&4%s, : d§q‘sq : 0894's 3 AqtuTTeS : AqTuTzoTUO : eangerodme, : yadeq ve 2UIC4..0g ! s44deq_OTUOS > out L PELs“ + eq I aLG (69T *SUOT N 19G _9S “+21 eT suotzeis Tned *99 - es1098) °439 - FL NOILOUS » a ney z \ | ‘ D i . : TO 8 OEE > S°T : TeLO= sear : CROC OLE : : G°T : G6°O0. OT Se One oOo : : S*t : ge°o 0 9T ?toTse4s : OrG6I =! eos : : G*°T : e8°0 OT : G°96 = 49¢° Sess cyiers : G*T : “G°O 3 0 GT + WOTZeIS : COS ae reas : : 2°0 2 OT =: OS : Gay 8 eli? : : 3°0 - (OU ee sts : 9798 = er* : : 8°0 : eel) OT Sea: GCS 3. dase : : : 4°0O : eg°O ) FT ?m0Tse4s : GI SUT ear : : G2 : 92 oe: OS : 6°Ge =| 9G" : : Seal : ee 8 Ge : (g°08) : (se7*) : : (6°0) : (8250) tS) : chal c) Shira : : G°O : ZEO) as OT : Sows) 8 wey : : ce) : GerO eae ©) Gl woTze4qsS B eae aD MGI : ; o°2 : g@9°O0 ST : Se) Cie : : Sa ; go°O. OT : Woh 8 Ose B : G°t : a2) 0) eee 0 : *1eq) Of _? *1e° oul : OT xX (Pest = ,OL X abies Seti 5 OL 36 Boa: : S109 o}T Hd : WUdsAXQ PEATOSSTG : 1086241 O41TIATIN $ ##UWOOTTTS : snosoydsoyg : yqdeq ZT suoTZ EIS Tned *FS - esto0eH °4S - TT NOLLOYS Bb « > Gomes « \- < D ae BOM ee er aes SCC OC, FSCO By OU AE ae Snag Grece-ve, = (ep 9 Wece | cece 3 Osc 3) a Syemh | ite =O ICE 2 SG 8 GIR OLB Gara 8 ae 8 sy RO SO Oe te Slr 8 ie 8 is a Nee a oO) puede yreq :m0110g (Sie2.51 o4) suOusey gg :4ugdeq dTuUOG LvOS-L10E POUTE VE-Se-4 +? OFeG ih 49% 9691 23007 N 19h 94S *FET og :wOTzeTs geesueer © Gly | O6"Se =) O9%Geu) ree Onan = WELT an OF qgaee*peé + ee) + 4d°6Z? go*gg : gt°es =: SL4°AT + Se eh ie epeen@ 5 Os) 3. Os°ye 3) Gueye s Oseia fb) Oem es Ree wel (Oi. On 8 SW es TI EA Vere = 20 pues :m0790qG (sitejeu 44) smom{er gy syadeq dTuog VEET-206T 2 SUTL Fa-Se-4? OF eq M 18S 9691 Buoy N 1G o4G *FPT 6T ?UOTPEIS SRCCICE ec aa Ci Mea CC ee) MEE Bie] ae 7ove aos egegerya 2 46y w soles \eotcg 3 aitce) 1 = euewie aes Seng st ae G0SGH6 8 BS et yae Weve omen treo OG°e. = AOL mee 2 RR aie es a se, BS eieedin Ost a 0 TIsus pue yooy :m0440¢g (Steqeu gg) suoysyes 4g s4y4deq oTuOS BIST-SSAT POUT Pa-e-L FOTeT M s4G 969T *8u0T N SZ ofG °F8T ST :uoTyey Qsisazye) = yecc) hs Ey iSce Cee Gamr Oleg) ame yay yeas Berg 8 Ge GORgu96= 2 cate heute? Game Oi ae rien : a et (Oh One OOS OCR a Bee 8 Ome aaa GaSe to > GOT X: ; = 00/5 p 00/5 a Ne : SrOLSlt yydeg opueusg : déaés, : déafso : 0f9%so + AVTUTTeS : AytuTfoTUD : eungesedmey +: ude Yooy :wo0110g (Sto,ou TG) suoyLer LT sygdoq otuos TOAT-S9T ?OUTL PE-Be-L POFeT M .TO ,O04T *SU0T N sST 9G °921 aq TuOTqCAS SUON = PUSTST TNed “4S - TIT NOLS “> ers ® ‘ bf . - ote ‘ e 5 2 « +o «e e- ao 2 * : GI, Sein : ; Se C il F 0S : L°vh 00S" : 5 e2i : ect Ge : 6°69 5 BW p : e°L : actor & OT oe SRG 5 ESRC : : 8° : GEeOy as © og :moTIeI¢g : 7°Ty maocce : : e°T : Goan 0c : OTS) 8 PS : : S°T 3 BITE 5 Gg : 0° 48 2 10G8 8 : 6°0 : TEeOn 7 OT ; Ga eee iin 2 5 Xo : gave) 4 0) 6T ?uoTIe4S : T° 6 a Fee : : C2 3 Cees 0G : 9° oy = See : : 8°T : (5 Ge g BEGG 8 WSS? : : 8°0 : GolG. a: OT : 6°89 eons : : 8°0 : LO oe 0 BI suoTTeds 7 Oe 8 gee : : 0°0 : (ene © ee : 7°16 3 66S% : 5 0°0 : Ome = OT : G* 96 7 G10) : 0°0 : Olena: 0 : G Veg % O Cae . OT xX Te suL 5 ZO aie algo SUL 5 gOL X°1e° su : SJoL oft aL A esoaaiy Gataarey & WOOTTES ¢ shozoydsoug : yadeq WedAXQ PSATOSSTG 40 “uoT.eqs SsuON — pueTSsT Ted °4S = TIT NOITLOES Ke s eee S ea ae - = o reer a 2 ® £ Sue 5 ee & _ & ee ae as 7-—_—-- ee ee GOS Same 5 99°% GO TS Cis Fo Gee 8 : Ga (S088 OU) BASS) 8 (eae) o (eeCree (eos) 8 (Gee) = (99°4) : (02) GLS94°6 pee Sica eo SE esas Om GOI Sek Sa ar : 99°4 : OT ) 2 (e006 =) Setve 8 (Satya ss GOsiee oa ilies il : 69°4 : @) S,00W 3wl0470g (Sadejou 4e) swouger og 7u9deq oTuog OSOT-EOOT FOUTT Fa-6e-4 seheC KB GZ BOT “SIOT N 48% (09 °“S8I FZ suOTAeAS CER © Se GO OL I GI eS : 96° : Ge GOLGL°6 Pcie 3 Webra ous eo Glia ah = Sadie : 26°S : OT 0) > 64946 § Te're : Te're : Grits = SrA : 66°S : ) yooy swo710g (Sieqeu FP} swouLes Fe sqydeq Tug 9040-4790 2 OULD PE-6e-4 209eq I av> (89T “SUOT Nut? 96S °FET Gg :WOTIeAS Go7 LOLOS mn = POG a) NOSGeEl Ore Solr mmOn alc manr-mn OO e/a : 60 °S : OF Gaiessye 9 GIG =a SysGces wie Grech 7G a tse mGcnacan : o9°2 : GZ GLESL°6 2 GOGh =e Geeyeae Ode 7h GO sole cme : Te 4 : oT O = 06G26 : O42 = O4tve | GO"TG = 2GAT : Ge" : ) sOooYy +07 10g (S204 0u1 67) swmoyier 1.2 244. deq OTUOS TSGO-BTZO 2 SUT PE-6e-L 297 eq M190 5691 *SuOT N iGO 06S “FST ge suoTABAS Cvs | Sn Scie mOseOrma 5 Sma meen cm Seen ae eee ee OS (SoOsOLGS)) 8 (Gz) s ((GS°GENS (Gu) 2 (news 8 (sean) = (eo°S) 2 (07) oye = 8 isi 8 de eo ee 3 ee ISAT : OT°s : Ge GL6SL°6 A Gee 8 Wives 8 CRP Ss eile bE AIL : g0°S : OT x0 BR YEG 8 SCH a Welre 8 —GOr Wms 8 Ba die : 60°S : 0 : Oe 28 : : 00/4 : 00/5 : Jo o SHCHNL yideg oturmukq : d?a's, > d§qso : of9%s, : AytutTes ? Aa TUTIOTYO $ eingeteduer, : y_deq pny Aery svicyqog (sasqeu OL) smouyes gg tugdeq oOTuOS TZ00-Grag :OuTy PA-62-4 22 Ted M 192 o69T °StoT N 1% 08S °F8T UES OUISTRTENNS) ouoN = pueTsyT TMed “4S = TIT NOLLOUS ee ee So eae OIG : : GO = een EST) Seca) 2 (ower) 3 : (S°0) = Ae) = (02) : 8°96 > &us* : : S°0 : Zero ti : GOO 3 BEEL : : S*0 : 9T°O 39 $e suoTZeqg Ge OT ) eo ee 68 ia e is a WwW) e WW s oOooO°o inp) O 0 ° ooO°o eg smoTye4g : G°Sb * GZe9Q° : : 8°0 : G6°O : OT : S° C6 > #9E9° : 3 8°0 ‘ C6°0 ee er . WT aOL > 909° : : 8°0 . 9T°O : OT ae 2 O°non 8 yop? : . : Ont :_-90°0 coe gg sor BIg . &°98 > yag° > : G°T . Ge*T : OS : (2°a6) = (909°) : : (2°) : (90°T) : (07) : 8°SOL =: 809° ° : 8°0 : &9°0 . Ge ° G*GOT 2 819° . : G°O ° 4S*0O : OT ° T° 66 5 (1SISie . . G*O : 47° O ° 0) : CTI Sg SC emt ae es sim ERO as NEC 2 Srev oy yd MWesAXQ PeATOSSTG $ WOsOd4 7 STEIN 2 ## wodtTTS : snozoydsoyg : y9deq ae ee Tg =uoTZe4S Sulofy = PUBTST Thed *4S - TILT NOLO | A A A er SOS een cee eee asic Ceres CEI ee Ee IS Pome (Keseeecinn). 3 (22@) 2 (CeeGayd (Oise) s (Gis) 8 — ((@acuay) 8 (79°S) = (8T) OfS94°6 SOS Gs ete COG ee, OO RG 30 forte) aes mG Am ; ALS eee (OY 0 3 OCMC 8 G6CER 8 OER 2 PCE 8 eet : 79°6 2 0 pn pIey su0I {og (Szoqou Tg) suomer ZT syydeq oT S000-4ES2 2 SUT y SEsOSqL 20 490q MsGr 99T *SuOT N 420 on” °4eCT eg storeys GET GE Ne LESS ae) OG ee CaO Cem EO Le omen mere EVAL : GEG) Oe a 2 (ag) 8 (@ecee))8 (GRIGe)s (toes) 9 (eee aq) 2 (Ogio) eeeeeaticnn) OTSSL OO) ae OSC GL CB SO? eS YO IT : Tr°9 3 OE ; Per 8 Gite 8 Ses 8 Ge ea ; 73°8 ee pnw BWovyTqd - W102 LOG (S104 our a2 ) SWMOUICL CT rug deq oTwOS LGOS-ETOS 2 SEL TE-6e-4 297eq M 108 (d49T °SUOT N-shZ 989 “FCT 4g (#7*e) 2 (0) : PBS 8 GeO : ; Pee ; ASX) SO eS) e Ke) C 9) Ne) ite) e Ae e w oe [Awl Sp) e Q ee [o) 2S ROO a IOS aes Saag Pe Soc EOS se Tae 0e : (Goce) 5 (ase) : (g°2) 3. «(66° = = areea(oie) : y°L8 2 eecg° : : o°g Sh Fo OL : Meroe Sie : : org ee 7200 “20 4g 626 5. OCMNe 8 GEOR sc Air? ke : C2° St : BONE : OT 0) = 49646 ° G4* 0g = G4° 0? : 81 ae : 7O°S : 88" OT : ie) pn Aarty WOTTOg (szojou 4T) swouyZey 6 749 Goq OTUOS SOUT PperoG-4 24sec ih GZ 9G9T °Su0T 162 979 °90T ge 66G > OOF: GG°7S = FTE : 6E° AT : TL? kh . GT 07 094°6 - 309 8 G77 30 AS 0 Ohi TS : BE" ZT : 94°74 : OT OL 2 S086 2 sete: .GSiyee eyes) ean Uiie lip ane AO PNU YouTa pavy i0717Z0g (szoqou gz) swouyes eT :Wsdeq oTuOS SS90-608C + Ouly TE-AG 4, 39Fed M s4G 9G9T *Zu0T N 1s0T ofS °S°T OG suoT4yct4qs TOTAG*° AT : vS 0 BeeGe a BirGe o weir WS : T9°4T . EG*G : 8ST (CEG) 8 (Gea) 8 (GergE)e (Se-re\\s (odes) 8 (Gseut) 3 (ga°g) + (ST) g99924°6 > VssG 8. OPH 3 WawHe 3 Gir ws: : SG° AT . Cae hk : OT ©) >: 67446 = GO°SS = GOS : G8°6?S : TS*9T : 67° 6 : (0) G On 2 2 a / : 0075 g Oo 2 SLOTS yjdeq otuoutg : dents, : déqfso 2 363" 3 9 TUTLOTED : ermgerodmo, : y4doq pnw YOoCTq paey ewe ZEeO-OTSO 2 ouTT PE-OS-L ro FCG I 160 5997 ?wteS N 100 929 °S°T 6g :uoT4geas OUOh, = PUCTST Thea “45 - Til NOLLOWS ; O-fe 5. Wee : 0°0 : Ge : aoe - : Ee : Bcc* : 0°O : e°2 : ZG*O 2 e) 2 ToT Teig : evo Les : : Ore ; ZO eer : BWE 8 Beer : : o°2 : ZS°0 08 SNE Uae ol eee eee) IO GSS : : ch : LPO te-50 is snonpess : UGS. Mase : : ga : Ze" 0 or GH : 8°O0T: 66c° 3 : ere : L7°0 =: On : O*OOT: _ 76° : : o°2 : Tr°0 s 6 og <%u0TIe4S : EPS6 5 BIS B a VG) E 17° O : oL : (6°86): (79°) : : (4°0) > (27°0) > (ST) ; CL AOE — hive? 5 : G*0 : EO) a 01 : . 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Os ee ee : 00°? ce GS6GL°6 S96 =6 Titre 2 Goeve | COG a ae ayer, : Bod, > OT O.* 100s6 8 etre ete: IG ey CE (5 PN FOCTA swoysog (sazegon gg} smomIur sG suydeq oTudg VELT“OOLT 2 OWE YE-G-g 204cq B 4GT 9841 *SUOT NH 1GO (£9 “FUT GL rOTICTS ecstasy: Oy OOO en Iya) losemen ue Sieve a eget = ae ne BLEOE Te Tenis = Ce Ce hare od = Tere 8 = nee aie : T6°T eee G4 194°6 > tS Be Sie 7 ete sO Sere ce ate OBST. is 2OSi eal : ce° 2 : OT = Se a0 Oe eee ie ee Ca Ore ; 86° 4 tg PUI JOT s:wor10g (stogom 9} smoy4er g*ee syadeq otto Y2QT-GO9T 2 OuITT 7E-9-g 2OFCg Hoel geen “200m M GT 9&9 FCT 2, 2uOT4u4g =e Tee7e Mey of Oly a 2elOr ne ence ae eae r a =o Omen : 09° T- > OG (B062T°9S) * (Gov) = (GO"9e): (SetGa): (Ge°ea) : (Gata) = (770) | = (Ga) SY T6a° 22 2 Gye ti yeese = COlGe = ec aaa cera : Te°T 2 Ge GZ0G4L°6 i eG) (Ove —2orye = Opie ae ean : 00" = On SO = GION6 2 —Grive 1 Griya co eee ae yee ; 08° 4 2 30 pucg AcTy 3:104740gG (sxoqorl 99) SUOMCT 9¢ :q4d0oq oruog STST-O0GT soltr, 7E-9-8 1040 M 42T o@4T *Su0T WN 1S 079 “SOT TL :u0Tae4g SoZ — Oe = = VoLoee VOP Oa — concen an omen : “ceed = UGE GCron Fe eS ICE = IS Oe Ge 6 SOC eT : ZL°0 ge O8TSL°6 = Oey § (2720e s eee Cores sn reeeiE : ALL IE = 30k 0 SSO 6 Creo = GL SO COLNE de ae : g0°9 JE 5 g 5 : 5 [ofe) fo) : H ¢ SroVoT] yygdog otmousq : d 4°Sy : deq*sy 3: 0°9°S, : Aqtuttog : AYTUTIOTYO : einieroduer : wadeq Ayooy 211094.0g oe 87) SWOUPET 92 :y4ceq oOTmOg ZOTL SUtL E-9-8 209 cT M .6T 9841 *SUOT ET 99 aor qd O04 2u0tsers pUCTST MOuqIeW “4S - CTzeqts - X NOLLOES 3 anemia Stoel Go°s : we cee : OT eee : 68° L = 306 ers : Gel 9 atais : 0°0 : 0°0 : 4G*0 Page ZT°e B geg == Gece 8 0°0 : (ohare) : %S°O = OT GT°S : Cligids — 8 SE : 0°0 : 0°0 ‘ T7°0 = 6 GJ, smOTTaTSg a ee Go°s : LSS GHEY : OE : L°2 : v1"? + Os OT°S . e°soT = egL° : 0°0 : 0°0 : 9*O : Ge ST°3 : G°66 : 4gs* : 0*0 : 0°0 : 8a*0 : OT GT°S ee GISe ee OSE : 0°0 : 0°0 : 6T°O : oe) 4 suoTsers g0"°s : : TSS® : Onn : oe : SO°s? : (0) (g0°8) : : (g69°) : (7°0) : (70* T) : (90°T) > (GS) ore ; e°oTtT ° Ga : 0°0 : 00 : Tr°O : G2 GT°S : “°OOT =: 809° : 0°O : 0°0 : eS°0 : OT ST°S : G* 66 : T6c* : 0*0 : (oe) : G2*0 : e) T&é suoT yeIS GO°s 2a SOG Lae Oi : 9° : 0° : LE°S aes G0°s : 9° 0S > TGS* : 9°2 : 8° : 48° : Ge OT*s : O° G4 > 0S* : ore : mes : Vlg : OT san oL-8 Cater eS oe OS as OE ee 8°0 : O*a : OT°T : @) se SS po *7e* oul 5 Z0t eae heinbi 2,01 x *Ve° Ss *,0T = ps 3 sro. Hd : TOSAKQ DOATOSSTG@ =: WSSOITLTIN OFTIATN : UOoOTTTS : snozoudsoyg : 49deq @ 04 UoTTeIS pucis] HouTTUT “ig - CTaoqtg - xX NOILOES & Bd “ TF? Ff ee ea ee ecm ascan | encoun a: corer P SRERO ae (LOTPE2SS 2 (Grog) eee recenn (49°TS} ae ae lexeey: : (07) (2021092 f(a Be (ee Ga) 8 (ee ete)) ¢ fore Te Ge Oi : 64°2) see j e824 ° 12 : 7G GGG 6 BOGS 3 ai ts : 6S° AT : 6E°S : oa 4S9SL° . Ce9 BOI 8 eA 8 “Ome 1s . 46° 4T : 2S°8 : 6 0) 2 SCOlG Geeve age yes, Olena. 2 saeaua : 9g°8 = Oe PMT MOV SWoytog (sro,em O4) swoTeT ee :Tadeq ottos A0Z0=S7 ZO + SUhh TERWA-B 2 S4t Ih 308 934T *SUOT N .6E of9 °FOT 44 :aOTaeys 02894" SF 7 GCs eerie COrega ‘Guiean 4) omen : oi = 0s (GYSZ0° 62) : (437) + (60°9¢):(6e°Ga):4(9T°es) = (98°21) : (G75C=)- <5 = (G7) 02207° Fe : G67 : Gu Gs ® ogee = T6> Ts : 99° 4T : 06°0 : G2 G6S94°6: : LS9 s 66°SS 3 76°G2 § 06° : OT* 4T : G6°8 : OT : pen ees oder 8 ORT 8 WI 96°s. EE 0 Sree, Beeks pPmi WOeTA 3wWo44og (szoqew og) suoyyes ee ~ugdeq OTMOS Oree-eeag PeuTL 72-9-8 048d fh 49T (847 *SuoT N 19S gL9. °48T- QL 367 > GAGe + TO°ce + FPL" ee : ae 4T : SLs : GS GOoG4°6 > L9G + OO°c?e : re > LO>2s : SL aT : OT°s : OT ee ee) po eueoe 8 eeiees ein Seri a Ie Tete. sane 20 pnyi WoeTA :wo7.410g {_ (S209 oul 2S) suouyer 82 34u9gdeq oOtu0g 9TOE-6E6T 2 SUTL PE-9-8 +948 MN 4ST 98aT *Suo0T N uGS 029 -1eT Gy suoraentc " ee Le Gea 4° By = 627 > Se"9¢g + VO"Se + 9a"ee : 16° 4T . 90° T- . 0S (S&ESTO° 6g) 7 (G47) ¢ (06°G2): (o4°G2): (ST°ss) += (64°4T) : (SS°T) > (07) 86262 °F Sh Se Ha eae Oe Saisie G6°y tS OG8G4°6 = 6G > O4°76 = GA be s Q94°TS : BS° aT : 0e°8 : OT “OF > SeG46 : Shc°re : S4°7s ? O4°TS ‘ 8S* 4T Jee 8a°s : e) ee : ; 5 5 5 : a, 2 SLOT oN yydeq otweukg +; dea bs 2 Ogse 2 Oede So) EE neS. £4 tut LoTHO : omperedmey : ygdeq pM Hea WHoFGog (szejeum 6g) swomer gg 24Pdeq OTWOS 928T-608T ? out Fe-9-8 397 eC M sVT (841 SOOT N s¥S (29 “327 y_ rwoTse4S SS SS ee pueTST mougIey “Ig —- eraeqts - K NOLLOUS , ’ = > « © : a 5 «< 5 ES “3 . a x ° . s fa + 5 is y a cy * 5 « 2 # a . G : ae Pa ” e SES) ; : Sage : Caan : G°Z : Go*T > GP (OT°s) : > = (6g9") : (9°T) : (2°2) = (Gee) ser) oT?) ; B {(ee9))) : (2°9) : (7°T) meme (Gil e10) > (Sz) OT°S : TSO 2 669° : O20 : er : LOSE = vee OT*S : CoO 1 Gec® : 6°0 : G°T : G6°0 15 6 Bl = ete eel gd Soe ee ee AOE ee ee BC ee ee eee) 4a wuoTzeqs Go°s eS ae : Soo ae ee ae a ret : OS (82°e) : : (Ts9°) : (Cr) : (Ges) : (70°T) = (cv) Ors 2 Oe ort S Gu. : o°O : eet : ge*0 Be OT°S : GOGOL & pec : jC : gent, : 69°0 z. OL ore : eulOies e8c° : 0°0 : Ove : a9*o 7 Oo 94 smuoT,eIg eore Sf ea OCR ee ee ee eo : O°0 : Oem on SOP OT°s : BOOKIE G 904° 5 0°0 : 0°0 5 69°O co Get OT°e : O°O00T : 98c° : 0°0 “I 0°0 S G9°0 Pia [06 Ge OOS 989° : 0°0 : 0°0 3 CEG eee oy unriEtTS 80°s se ceo ; G26 B GONE 5 ent SOS OT°s : eyo) ) : (S°0) : (84°0) : (46°0) = (07) Z1°S BA 2 Greye : 0°0 : 0°0 : G9°0 Ge Gite : Glee 2 Geer : 0°0 2 0°0 : 09°00 = 101 GT°s 2 on gee : 0°0 : 00 : 09°0 se 0) ; Canes} : : y0L X °970° SUI or He Date) raii OT XM *4e°SU s SiTOLoi] + WOSOTLIN O4T19TN : UOdTT tS : snozoydsoyg ya.deq puets~T meuq yey “4g - etasqts - kK NOLLOES —- G@968%e. == si(“(<“‘étawsts SO GE CO eS = MIC Le tema aeE : Gyre eas (G2S7O"SS, ) S229) ee (CeGZ) (Gi Ge). (Sie) tae ee (iese y= = Wea) CE06S" rz 2 (GG: i) Sees AORCS eS IG e \e) erpeeat : 62°S $e (OPAgo°ST) = (28S) (COrSa))-ma(Gere2) (72 nee er : (ies i — a(6ir) OTLGL"°6 - 2 (9c ee yes7a: Core = | Sysie see Goel ; Zg°> ease 0 i GUGHG 2 COlae fe Geena ah Serie en oem ; 50°F ee) pm yoeTe swoIsTog (stogew 6G) smomes gq w49deq oTuOg SGS0-288-0 * SETH 7E=4-B 209ed MN o1%e Qg4T * SLOT N sTS 5909 “FET Tg :swoTssyg TOs (GEC) © sh Oye Ocean a Graeme arn : 90°2 r=Ge (4TSOT° 72) BG) Bete Ao (HOPE Zc (eee 3 (Gi uie)) : (0g°s) te (ez) Gr60T* TZ Ge ORG 8 OG 8 Fels 8 GEO Re : alee re - ae (S9094°6) SECO SSS). (elses (eos) 8 (eo a) : (92°59) 9: (on) S978L°S F090) Gi Cate tr: OGeTea sO meaner Oem il : 50° 536 Oe | O16 sorta? 6ye7e =) (Seete 3 agen : a ts 6 PNY YOeT_ stop Fog (szeqetl zg) suomes 7a s49deq OTUOg SPLO-TTLO SOUL TO-L-8 Tae WAGE Gevi, CEMiOa N 12> 909 “FET og :WOTIe4g <> = = Bepeoi . . -OGt. meee cae CGeCenm = (oye me SOGeyen I CO ee (sesro0* es) 2 (den), 2 (2982 )s (aise) (698 Te)) = poe vin) : (2720=). = (ee) TSOLP° 12 7. 26 3 ekee 2 Ogtce = ese ees aerie : eee 2 ee 68G8L°R % O10) 5) (epee a) Weeyee ace er ocean : Oe DIAG 0) 2 92046 % eats t+ eetve = ATeIS $ Geear a eed (0 py HOeT_ sw0T 70g (szeqom 99) swomes gg s4ydeq DTUOS GZ90-4GG0 2 Suit y, 7E-L=g 287 eG M.@8 Q8aT *SUOT IN AES oe) SENET 64 ?uoTzeis EBERT 2 7OG © Og ce } 6G°Ges O9"IG 3 Gy°ZT ; COTO iy GLOLY* TZ gis = a Pelee 3s Gees BTEC 8 Sao A a zee sie, oessa°s i: Os as “ip nee Cone = = sce eea Boum : G6°L eLaG OLS. 2 @eo16 ce. Strouse Gaur sooo eeoeean 3 To°s 2. 90 DEO 25 3 : 00/, : oo/, : Oo : smodeyy yqdeq opweudq : d*q*s, : d‘a*so : 0f9'so : AyTUTTes : AVTUTZOTUO : eanqeredmey : uydeq pm 4gog 07 40g (szoqgeu ¢2) swuomser op :Wydeq OTUs OTSO-6770 YSUTE 7E-4-g PeTed M iT (gat *St0T iw Wo ate) ER gL :woTTeIs pueTsyT mousey °45 = etaeqts~- xX NOLLOES 5 7s o ed o k an G9LEG* ST . BGG =: GO°Ge = 6°72 : ev Te) = 6° aT : Caew : 6T 004S4°6 ° L9G © P6°?7e > gee°r¢d : (i700 Re 8S" AT : B4°7 : OT = ©) * GlG4Z6 = “£E°7S = Le*v?S : Orta : 8S°2T : 08°77 ° @) B gOT ¥ : : = 08/7 007, : Oe : szoley ygdog oturukg : d ish 2 din tag: 0°4°So = KatutTes : AVTUTZOTUO : omycieduey, : yadeg 709, 0q (Ssatozou 9g) suoyger pT syadoq OTuOg GSOT :OUTT 7e-4-8 Pood Ih aT 9841 °BaOT N a2 (09 *FCT 2g :wOTseIs puelsy— mouyieyy °49 = Velaeqits —- xX NOLTLONS Me Ae aa nr S305) ee aac G09° : 2°0 : 21 : 02° T Tae a OT°’s 5 OPGE = 3 Gig)? : 0°0 : eal : 20°O 2 TO OL°s f 6SuGe t= ace : OO : Cel : HO ao) = 68 su0t4e4S GO°s 5 6°S6 : CG9* = Qe 5 Gor ae Ocean : CF (OT°8) 4 (Geel) 9 (lisigtey> )) : (S°0) : (%°T) : (SSD) = (6a) OT°s i 8866: — a Oe : g°O : Gait : PO°T 5 ==Ge (ots) : (7°86) = (29°) : (2°0) ; (28) = (Oem) : (6) OT°S f - OSie = se) aoe : T°0 : Cal : TOP AL Came (OIE GT°S cE Ordon) a me lcoe : 0°0 : eon : 7O°T eee (0) Tg %u0TZeIg GOo"s 3 OSC a taco : OE : C°T : 98°T = 66S (OT°S) > (e"G6) +: (ea9°) : (9°90) : (°T) 2) (Gr T) ee) OT°S 3 2 GS OG) te aoe : G°O : eeu : OT°T te age (OTS) 8 (ZONE) co (nS) )} : Gi) : (222) : (96°0) : (OT); OT°S On Oia: a Ono : 0°0 : aE : G6°0 eet OT°s SSO 8 = OI) : 0°O0 : Gaal : G6*0 cae ee (0) Og :uoT4ye4S Go*s : eeOoe : Gate : Gre : abet Cae na 7 (so°s)} : > (2gg9") : (6°T) : (2°2) : (GS°T) : (62) OT°s Tee SC TONE oem ONS : 0°0 : e°T : G6°0 i ee OT°S S O00 8 Gee? : 0°0 : all : G6°0 235 OT°s 32 OOlns 8 Gist: : 0°0 : ok : 88°0 Hie (0) 64 tot TeIS OT°S : > 049° : S°T : Sia 3 Cie a OT°S 7 Ge yO 29 G0e : B°0 : ae : Oil = see OT°s 22 YecOL = cde : 0°0 : Geil : G6°0O Paes (3 OT°S = On GOil gn O00" : 0°0 : oa : &9°0 a Os 8 So Dakieh Oveiiat 5 OWE 26. Cake tein 5 OL oe CaN 2 OL X “e's 2 Sie. oT] yd 2 UePZAXQ POATOSSTG “$ UeSOTLIN O4T29 TN ? UWOotTts : snozoydsoug : yi1deq g4 iWOTTe4g PUTS] mMoUTIeN “4g - eCTIoqIg = Xx NOTLOES + 4 m « - = a e ” - oy . e : e * « - * B ‘ : * . * é : « H ¢ o = 7‘ « . P, ; ie ies fe a « a * ; a ‘i @ 2) car ate ‘ ; = . ° : ae : . : D - oe 4 . = = Baad * . 5 ‘ e e . : ‘ © «8 * = S Z © + & a 4 —— ss Reker, «=f ec ee ener Sen eOer es ICCucn= et MCT eUnT : ° Sp (Ete 9:88) a(n) 8 eee ee): (gerts) (Geant) (2th) : (G2) Gua mee 2 Q ; a : C : Gaia : : : ag aobei i @ eet bese dee Ss ee ee ae 0 c) (CUQUG es OStye 1) (6Gevels Gosnio) ical emer a Geuze: 2: 19 OSE a a I ee ie pry AoIH SMO VZ0g (saogou og) swouyrZ ga :TTdeq otuog OSTI=22Tl *SutE PO-6-S 204 0G MsFS $OLT *SuOT N 10% (09 “S8T eg :u0TITETg OT7LL OP OS Ue te eC, Es Sa OS RP : TSO; anole (22668°S7 ) : (70S) = (09°SZ) (ease): (9G°TS) = (s%*°AT) : (SO50=) = (G7) BF LOS ° He lS = sth OGtCe sr eatcg a =9eeier= eyes aes 6o* = gee 02z94°6 32 SIGS. 0, Se -COtee ae ett i igesya | it ae - saeaOnl 0 Be SMITE OTe 8 GEE oe oR We 6 eee var : cha ae (0 er ce nae Se Oa ern tee ees We oe Orsi pny Aoig 3l04,0gG (szOJe gg) suOmMeZ ye :49doq o1UOS 0S60-6260 ?ouTy 7E=6-8 so yer NSO ea, eT N 102 009 °307 LQ 2u0TTeIg 06944° SF EES Oe F eras Celine ke GET : 99°O= sme nsaG SOS6E"Ze = SEG) se GG GF ats CES G a etes GIG RanOe tea E a : 29°T + 162 00Z94°6 si - <6108- eh (OSE e eh ee ete ein are ee enr Ty : Oger OE : : p : $ $ 8 = 0 Te946 LE° 7G LG 7S Te* TE GS° aT ea° 0 LC PUN ATA 2WOPFOT (szejow o4) swomvs gg :Wydeq otuog 8f80—-8080 Pout L” 7E~6-8 3 O7eT M 4GZ oTat *Su0T N sT2 909 *927 9g :W0TteIg 89694° 8% 0G) 4s OSG oe secon oGn ier ei aera em [ceG=— > te 0G (87768°S7) : (7OG) + (09°C): (ga°Ge): (sa"Te) = (e7*zT) : (95°08) 3 — tex) BIZ6E° VE Sh UG) OS SOGMGe: t egeGai fe Scncn eee rey ii ess CEOs “se == ae G66GL°6 2 686 "Teves OOtre 3 Gees ce ee GI°9 — = 10% az OF SOM I Ge Sees ei Se 8 8 Sey Neer 0) PMY HOT sMoxqoq (sLeqeu gg) suomeT 4g s4Pdeq oTUOS 8240-0040 2 SITL %2-6-8 2 SFE KsS TAT *SUOT N sT2 909 “SET gg suoTTeTS GEl68* Sr GEG ee ee Gra Onsen oy aap ae ees Tere ee ey GPO6S* 72 2 PPG te BiG: WGuGee: Teeter nie as Hee FG GOLGL"6 2 609 3) Gutva eevee —Oyelce ta eeu ot teers! OL 0 it GUCUOa Soya erreurs Ovonem 9 eee i eet eo) oxo) SIOV OHI fe) uydeq ofueutq : d§a*s, : d§4*s. : 084s : fatutteg yydeq oo/, A4 TUTLOTYO D6 : emmjereduey, 3 Ayooy 3mo077ZOgG (Ste,Zeu EG) SWoMer ee :44deq OTUOG VI9O"-GSGEO = SULT, PE-6"8 297 eG M s20 9Z4T *st0T N 322 909 °9PT vB -uoT eIS “eA Te - meouyten °4S - IX NOLLOWS , ' 5 \ . = y > 2 * = 3 >. £ ne é eee) cf ae j sas Ss ee ‘ oA oe mn - oe COE ASC oe LG 1 . . : Omen oe 3 oi git Sx aC u t * O1°S : ESE Gann te : EO : e°T A g8°0 Y oe (oT"e) (4°48) + (oT9*) (S°0) Sse (E11) (88°0) —ei(67) OTs : Ope 8 ees : Gao : O°T 3 crohae) a ee OT°S : Tse an eeouce : 0°0 : o°t 5 ZL°0 ee O}E OT°S : Glee. te cuss : 0°0 5 OPT : 29°0 0) gg :u0T C4Ig OT°S : a Wee ; Or : cia = QaeT a 50s (OT*S) : > (70S") : (0°T) : (2°2) > (22°T) > (S7) Ot°s : > «ggc® : On: : 72 : OT*T > ge OT°s : Of88 se icss : 0°0 : Gait : eth) > OL Or°s : e°66 3 Ac : 0°0 : ib : 64°0 7 OF 4g %uoTPCIg GO°s : > 609° : 9°0 : G°e ; ODT > 0G so*s : Gee a Oe : 8°0 : ae : 64°0 2 Ge OT°s : 9°46 $ Gdc® : 0°0 : oor : G9°0 > OT OT’s : Reco oe SOLGs : 0°0 : S*T : g9°0 3 08 9g. *HOTZeIS go*s : > 68° : OFT : G°e : OT°T > 0G (90°8) : > (z6c*) : (0°T) : (S°2) a Oiteny) > (G7) oT*s : = Gog" : Orr : G°e : Oi: > Ge OT*s : 6°96 : 46° : 0°0 : G*T : Gs8°o OE oT’s : G°00T + 700" : 0°0 : S*T si 62°0 de) Ge = :uOTze4S Or°s : 6h = TrS* : 0°0 : G°T : 64°O 2 GF OT°s ; e°36 = eof : 8°0 : O°T : OT°T = Ge so°s : 6°96 + GTO" : 0°0 : O°T : 64°0 OL OTrd: : 6*Ts : oes? : 0°0 : O°T : 64°0 ceo) ee * : : ; : Zon x "Jee. 3 OT ¥ FUR FoOT xX *4ErsU t STOLEN Hd $ uo 0 POATOSSTE : UWOSOTZTN OFTTITN ° UOdTTTS : snosoydsoyg : wgdeq a >Q 3uoT4IL4dSg HEATUNN - Mout Ie °4S - IX MW ILOWS > = >” a esa roan eee ee, Sivuy" v2 Og oma eye ere sek sh Crm ; Gee Sime cr aap 00294°6 UeOY 0 etre is eee et emit = ee ieee 0Z*3 : OT =O Se GONG Cees Oe CS amu a ae Ome OT ; gzre E30 Tious 989 6 aries 0 Bae 6 GTS : 7° aT g Gs*s ; 02g Gego4°6 => O29 DWC Oo BCI oie tS : 7e° aT : 92°8 : OT 0) > GfOLE : 3G" VE De game o jibes : Wea : Or*°e : Oe paicy tO} 40g (stoqou 6g) smomser oT suAdoq OTtiog STST-ZOST = CULL PE-6"38 207eG Kh 4TO 589 °suoT N s9T ,09 hel 26 suoTtse4a Widor*t2 = Sma en ee ce ke ee Cen ee Per : GL a = Ge O4294°6 > G@o SC Ge 8 (erm 8 IGE ILS, : Ve okt : C8*4 : OT Saas = 0) 2 OGOL6. * Get7e. 3 Osteo) emeie 2 eed Soe - 0 j pucg Aoary 3Ul07940g (szojZou gg) swoy,es TZ suideq oOTuog VILTSLG9T + OUT, PE-6-B +O 4eq A 4 te eens * SUuOT N s9T (09 °4°T T6 2u0Tse4¢g ~ GS66a°re y 6G be Gives SEGh co or Sie pCr nee =saCEnhn : G9°9 Ge SZOeL°s > 66G 6 OSTEO eve 8 Ce IUS) : SS aT ° B4°9 : OT < 0) * 90946 = G&G°7Z = BG°F SO ese 18S : TS* 4T : G6°9 : @) Treug 9 :W0740g (sxojou zy) somes ge :q4deq oTuOS YOST-67ST + STL PE-E-8 2040 MK stV 989T *su0T N s8T 009 °2°T 06 <:uoTZe4¢9 89820° 62 = 2G Sn Gal PCO CBs TS Us : V7 Lik : 36°S : Ov 00L6E°7S = 6cG * 60°Gé : 86°76 = 6°71 ‘ O7° AT . V7 vw : Ge G709L°6 = 309 = AG°7S = SG°7S ? 9E°TS : 9S° 4T : 7S°h ° OT 0 7 “ZOO = eGeie: i GGG = OSs IG c 9E° AT ° 9G*4 : 0) : g A : : 007, 00/5, : 9 2 sreLo ygdeq otmeufg : d*a*s, : d&4*s, : 0f9‘s, : Aqtutqeg : AyTUTZOTYO : emicredmer : ugdeq *pnyy Aory +:10470g (sieqom 0G) swuouses 42 syydeq otuog TSST-OVET + SUT h Va-6-8 + 94eq M ivV& ,69T * BUOT N ,6T ,09 “127 68 sUoTIeIS S ~ TX NOILOHS & = ‘ & * ¢ a b . . E é * . . 5 . e 3 5 4 O os A > i Se ~~ c ; a . 3 ‘ * = . Bes as Soe COPOT 72 7 WOOF mmccaye- kn Onecan c ken mee ean : 60°S 7 ae OTZ94°6 iGO) =) OS re) Seneca eG een al : g0°8 So AONE ) CGV 8 CSV A ISIS A eeOtie 8 = oie Nac : OT°’s a0) B gOT apres : 3 : 007, 9 5 : sree yydeq ofueufqg : d a*s, 2 d°9%s, : of9*s. : £ytutqTeg : AATUTIOTYQ : exmezedue, : yadeq prey 3m0440g (Ssdoq4ou GZ) suON4ZeZ 9T w49deq OTuOg Ge6T :owtyL VE-OL “8 + ed M 44% O42 *dUOT NW 180 ,09 “eh 76 suotyedqg PUCTST YCaTiM — Wotyoy odug Jjo utisig - Tx NOlMOUS GT°s : GIGS as OEr ; 0°0 : CO : Tia) ie ee GT°s : Ores 8 RYE : 0°0 : o°2 22°0 ea Gime : 6°76 ¢% oge® : 0°0 : o*2 : 22°O eG 76 suoTTeIg OLS : GIO a0 | AEC oie 0°0 : P00) 5 FEO ne Ge OTs : S86 8 West : 0°0 : ELE : L%°0 = (Oi O1°s : Tien sce eee : 0°0 : One : L7°0 ao) G6 stot ZeIg (Oms) Ge USB) = (OE) f; aaeeion &1((0)20)) sain ae 6°O = (2520): = eee Nes OTs : eK 8 OG? : 0°0 3 8°0 : LG°O 2 (06 OT°s : GeyiG Wee 3 0°0 2 Ow : Lv°0 == 00 OT*s : BQ 8 — See e 0°0 : 0°90 : BS°O Be = (0) g6 :u0T9geis OTS a CGY moe + seiematn (0)2(6) ; 0°0 G AE) = Gs OT°S ° SLcG, nN OSSe 5 0°0 : 0°0 $ 22°0 = OK OT°S = 2 10s 8 BASS : 0°0 : 0°0 : GN) = 30 T6 v te it &» & aos & > eh Pe . * © . « . S a * * e 4 s P ' « * . 2 . . - a + a . i= . ? € x * — ama as & ya we wes &e4 @Geahe — BTGss"s9 7 O97 9 CONN: CoNea. aleae ear : TS*e > G9 (SSTTS*Ss) 2 (897) 3 (86°SZ): (69°92): (4g°ea) : (98°4T) : (Teta) (05) CETOL" SFr + ely yeusa) CpGgar — dered) = oer ail : TS°*s > 0g BEGGS He > 8p i: Te’ce : e9°se: “geese $$ 98°AT : ages > Ge GO8TS*6T + @eG t Aa*7e > BO°Fa : uote = 9G°AT : gore 2 as 4 ° : : : : 49°8 : CT GLEGL°S 3 (6G —) -7087a + 6S°7ens Goeng, 2 se7aeen : O2eS: 2-01 0 Be OOSVHS 8 Cire he Cleves Be wa a it : GL°s : 0 pn WORT wWWIFog (szezou cL) suoyyes Ty :u9deq oTuog STIT-BFOT FSuTL PErWET-S 2998T M 490 ,69T “SU0T N wFT odG °FOT 46 ?u0TIe4Ig ~ GBLLE*S9 SURECSh ae Dime KOC CO Ce He C2, CR IER Ie 2e°S > G9 OZLS2.° BF 607-2 WiekGa i iZrece = Weseg mse Oe ail : oz°s > og G6L8E° FS > Ger + os*seg: go°ce: sees + FEAT : GZ°g 2 Ge GTeSL° 6 PS GG B= ses BOWE oes 8 Nh Sore 48 Gm © ecdere Ovne Oe eon Le OLmil : OT°6 eee (0) PUT HOVTG :WoxZog (szeqew 44) suoueS ey s4gdeq OTUOS TOOT-2760 + eUTL Pa-gi-gB 284 Bq M s8h 9891 “SUOT N s¥T (4S °48T 96 :U0T}eIg G2B1S*c9 = won oh ee Gan GORGa 2 Weeecn ene: om : 6G°S 2 G9 GLLGL* BF i Glo) Geecay: —eorGa : Viera ss Seem 6g°g tS GLLBE° HS 2 YB ce urGs @ ACOtee t= Gaked) Ga ayia ae Bore i. Ge G64GL°6 SH aise, B= eis B= Re ae : 206 AsO 0 2 CeGue: eure ©. Bveree sOOrCo mn nail : Gore 10 : gl pean : : 00/5 0 . Vo 2 SLO Voy yjdeq otueufg : d°9*s, ¢ déq*s, : of4's : AatuTTeg : AgTuUTCOTUO : eangeredmoy, : y4deq 5 paiey sMoIjZog (srojow 44) swoyyey zy 749. deq oruog 9G8T-7S80 : eur, 7E-SGI-B + 9427 M ,0& 989T °Bu0T N sVT 94S °F2T G6 :u0TIeISs puerltsy— Tneg “49 gO FseH - TIX NOTLOS z ce A ; “ Se spat < y : ' e ase . EF " 5 2 ° : , - . “ = Te 5) . E g 0 . 2 * =, — oe aoe 8 me . ana ra Soi tenet ae =o ta Ste on + , = - : = : 5 c . 2 : o ‘ 5 m = . 6 5 A * 3 . * . - © . . a s z ‘ 3 5 # : ° 2 a 3 : , z < ¥ a ¥ - C 5 . 5 s . a c 9 : te * oe a F . a - 4 35 , : 7 . oes F ° Cie ae Sao See 8 ae 2 G are 505 oct esc AE é : F : ; : i : 5 Z 5 : Begs - c : : 2 . ; abs ‘ = * 4 3 A . - : a ‘ : > c p e ‘ e D : © * 3 a : : 6 = 3 o ’ f 3 S ‘ ; : is . : . . : 2 © . - ‘ . 2 5 - . : 5 2 ; > 4 " : Suen 5 ‘ : A : % = oe , ° eee. Boone co gene : ; : : ; rs aie m ¢ Ris . cS . « ’ = 6 4 4 A Ce > a 5 oe 3 . é y > 5 . . < « . : . ~ : . - SSE - = : 5 ~ one 5 6 3 5 3 p o : . . 5 e - > t- - . G . . e * 5 5 . 0 . 3 ‘ 5 9 . , ° 6 . 23 os : i - : 6 2 . > 5 : . ‘ . € ° ‘ . : . ‘ 5 5 6 & : o ‘ SECTION Xil ~ Hast of St. Paul Island = 95 Station itrite Nitroggn We Gn 2e IMO) Ni Silicon : Phosphorous Depth 10": 8.10 8.10 0.0 0.0 200 200 2.0 0.5 0.9 3.0 520 500 0.538 0.58 1.75 1.73 WAH) eo LO cr) ND) 50 8.05 8.09 65 G6) Station Beeld 8.10 0.0 “0.0 0.2 0.95 50 520 0.58 10 8.05 8.05 526 LESS) 1.89 1.85 e te) ite) a Sl Station 8.15 8.10 Os (0) 0 0.0 0.5 0.58 Oeoi7 2U eo 8.10 8.05 8.05 (8.05) 8.05 ee 0.8 500 ee aR) 1.58 ee ee 3.0 (3.0) Boo 65 J Iris OS amet 1 paw aa er Aah te ch OTSOS*6T T= ORG, = IOS Ca ae aL Oren te (Che ar : 08°9 ae GE7Ch°6 Chane] 9. S pam ae eS Glen m = SNCS E PO PHO) ASS eH) SYA r : 8eB°9 omer o\ 0 CECE, Ca OG 9 = CEC be HOPS SSG ONAL : e8°9 ee) piu OT TOR (Ste,ouw G*eg) stoy_er ZT tu4deq otuog O04T 2 O8TL PEr-et-8 3 Sag Mane QO Satom N s40 4S “Tey ToT Mompamre ESTIO® 6S 7 1G. 8 WOpecces Secuccme ee Ga ava : 66°S aes Oi! OPSSa*r7e Do WieCon ee ORC a yee Cem = Olea 2 #70 : Ba°9 : 2 (SOL9S°6T) 2 (OSG ee = (GoGe) (ae Sal) cee) > (44° 4T) : (27°9) > (92) CeaG4°s eee CHS see ee Cy mare 5 sO OIG ue ih 2 iL : 7S°9 e - “01 0) 2 Teag6 ¢ Te"Se : Tece ? Oss ft AA AT : 99°9 et) 2004 40G (S210, OW GG) suloy,ZeT 62 “y9doq oLuog GTPT-SGaT 2 Our PE=T-F 2042 M s%S 9 69T *SU0T N 169 o4G “SPT COT sWOTITI ee ee te ee re ee ee ee 22600° 6S e FOG. a OGeGee 07 Cems acd = ene en : egg ers g9zea°s CiCe = eee Ge CCE Cer Olea er == tn are : 99°C Ge GBEGu"6 GaSe a= CU erGG Oa RC Sa (JOA rh SCL 02°9 Om ee 0) > PrGL6 = ST's : eT'se: sotge : FL°AT : T9°9 Seat) pie :WMoP{Og (sTojyou G*4y) sMOMLI 9g sqadeq oTuog SSS T-PVIST »OutL PO-ZT-B 10 Te M 137 (69T “SuUOT N sOT 94S *4eT 66 :uo Tye eavocese OLY once = OMe ee Olle conn 70°S 109 8Z 094° Sy 1 9/% 1 60°G2 5 “CoRcgt = Grice te Teen : Gore = -6E (S2ZT0° 62) si (pen) © (1e°se): (TocGe)s (vies) = (xen) = A nes) (or) g9sen* oe i ey Wome. Go Get GOsee. OEE : nee ez OTSSL"6 Wie oe ee eye = 2S = SIS th : 19°38 = On 0 2 GeGle t Give = Glove) Welle. a ern : g9*s ee 10 ° g O 8 00/5 : % $ SIO VST adoq otmeusg : d*4*s, : d*4*s, 3 of4*s, : Aatutqos : AgtuTzoTyo ¢ emycaodmey : y9deq paey :WoyTod (stojow g*6g) suiouzes eg :qAdeq OTtOS GTZT-SSTT *OutT FE-ZI-S 2 OFET M s22 ,69T “SU0T Navi eee Sem sMOT 724g puetsy fue d *4g gO 458 — TIX NOTLOUS a hg a ac Rye he ee Pron oy a ta om a OL’s 2) 7806 Te ere oz eae : ai em Onan Tsao OT°S 5 G0G6 8 OSIRe ; eal ; O°T : Oat > - On ONG Ke G06 6 Tage : S°T : O°T : Oieat 10 TOT :uotzeis OL°s : “26 aeoogs : S°L ; Geir OL°L ey OT°S 5 €PBE 5 OEP : ean : O°T 5 OT*T ea Jer (OT’s) : (2°76) : (gac*) : (8°T) : (010) : (Z0°T) = (02) OT°s 5 BHe ce =Gyics : Siar : O°T 5 10°T SO Ome 8 ee WH : 8°T 3 O°T: : WOT ae (0) OOT suc 4agqs C= a5 Shas Once : PAR ; Ct : OTT amelOW7 OT°S 5 = B03) 2 Aer" : gig : GOT : Seat i Ge OT°S foes —-. saoge : aCe ; eT : OT*T 00 St err © eee eS es OI ee Sra ee Ow wee) 66 2u0TaeIg > eG tee areas GEGy = =o0ce : QO een (as 5 Coen = oo E go*s = (OY = =OnGe : GOR : o°2 : Qa f= 20g (So°s) (62a) 8 -(Sae2) : (GE) : (6°T) (Gan) 2 (G7) Goes = 2878 B= Cae0 : GUE : e°T 92°T Ge CT°s = CP OOh=— acces : o°0 A Oe : LvO Saar Onl SGT°S SECS, eee cre ; 9°0 Gees C0 : rina 0) F [ess : SOP ee eae a Gee ee 290T > SLOVO aye! p MOshXQ POATOSSTG $ MOPSOTATN OFTIAIN $ e UOOTTTS :“snozoydsoyg : yada 6 FuoTILy puersy7 Tned “4s fo 4SeH — TTX NOLLOUS & oo ae wee sie a NT — 092eS° T46 0962S * 444 O9¢gG* ass OLAS * 987 OTS92* 682 ‘ 09E70° 262 OTS L*76T O9O0T* 97T OLPer* 46 G8640°SL 8662L° SF OTLAS* 72 000S2.° 6 ©) GpSt-eSiT + outy G0080°E4 OV 624°S G69 ° 2S Gora’ 6 GoOT + SItL PUES] ogi0en “4g — pueTS] JJOTSONOG = TTix ve ©0 08 se ee 08 20 ce 08 ee cf eo «os 8 HE-O0e-8 294 eC PE-Os-8 2 97eT 706) a Seulan Canam: 6g696 : FO'TS + Tas ¢ gs0 : 66°62: 61°42: Gye 0 Ge 8 MO wae G6T + 98*sz: 86°98: yog 2 perez: gerog : 60E : gorse? 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TOnae te OC) Se Gne cae mic uGr ss mo omcs SSIs aR SOC ae COE A ORAS: 6 gOL Be q : 007, a Gl a's, gy GS, Oe eee Rue 7E-0e-8 +97 eC +0140 PUSTS] SdL0eH “4S —- pueTS] JjOTSosog =ITIt NOTLOaS ka tutzoTu9 (szejoW GZyT) SmOUIeS OBL M wt Geom Geto Nees g7S aed “Les = OOOT 00°S = 008 Come = 009 GS" + O0G Ty*s > O07 97° = 00 Eas = 002 Bhs > OSt BL°S = OOT GO°7 > GL 19°? 72 OG ie = «Ge 0v°6 > OT ST*OT On 10) ) 3: Siero oarnq vraculey : ugdeq pe sygdeq oTuog Q90T a a4 ” + nx oy n “OTQeTTOIUN SB DODAeZeISTP omen SJe_euw OO} MOTSeq suqdeq (SVR OC me ae OEE OO bea CCE OS Ckk J a ee eg = fae Pet : ere 2 007 8L7G0° 262 662 =) (86s & eyeoe | eee ee cose : a 7 GOs 82894°56T Ate = Ose 0. 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Depth Meters 0.2 0.5 0.88 10 8.05 8.05 8,05 8209 7 1 we 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.05 B37 50 75 100 150 200 500 6,0 6560 Real 720 . e Biol, 2058 2068 2084 Te fe) (o) 7 989 Tal® oO oO eo 400 500 1862 ell” 10.0 12.0 eo (o) (e) en. 600 800 1000 (eo) oO 2046 12.0 108 Stations: 8.10 8.10 8209 0.5 O. Zen Bek 40 1,07 1.20 A Con 10 1.0 72995 7 99 7 D0 7.90 7 @89 e890 208 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 co Zeal 20eLl 75 LOO 150 200 300 7 0 7.5 eo eee Rho ee 8,0 = RS eee a i . . : - a y a j 1 i - . . . 7 : . . oy 4 on CO OS Un on aq ‘ : « a 4 t. - ('& * 20 2 8 8 FH BF oe 8S e & a OR H ee HB i 2 < : _ &, . : w « 6 Oe NOES Cb bi ame eR ne 7 > « a “4 Pe 8 OS SSO 8 2 eee, on . - . ake! oe . oa sys a Sau CA er = ae : i. 5 Be nC. 0 Welln 3 Ree MEM Vr Menton ene e@ly CoO mire) com We 4 ; i Hi Oe Oh Gn Sp . SOO vig ob eAge” SSA MB Dag Ere 1s, Sa ! 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Mabe eunpicls) 1 AMS mer estONeG) sanieaieduey : wydeq 5 pm Woy Tog (stoJem ZTT) swomes 7Q s49deq OTUOS LOOT-Sr6G MBUITL yO-Te-8 2 oFET M 19% oT4T *Su0T N 520 (4G °90T QIT :M0T4tt¢ 4Se,| = PUGTST Thed “4s —- ATX NOLLOUS Se ae + ; i 4 * 5 z ° ¢ 5 rn Fisates amar 5 : it Be a Baielllosrs 6 Laat oh ey Pr ge see + . i OSGCS HIG. | s= OGS. a OO reamn Woman mera aera Omani : T6°2 = (COOL OOOOUM, 2 GESSG sm OOrme « Yetvie Gees = = voren : sors :- cos Ospmoseee 8) 660: = Seeee = Sore = COt7e = even : ease 7-990 O0CGrOer == G7 Gceee 1 MOCMia = lice = teary : rs == 00S Ocoistsee 8 Gel =) eelea Gosoe=: gers) 2 2 gyre : CEG aay Gaseotces = « 56 9 Oneee «Gece. —Osegs = a= aGoeor : 67°S a G8: 20964° 761 : 61¢ 3 Cee ie AC Ciciten 1OSnmO a : 87° ST : ea°S , 002 GuSeieon Seer lene GeerT 46 : “6G = S180 3 Teeoc ge yourd 1 Op 2en : G6°> oo a OOIE STLOnl en te Ce ICO Hee VAPOR > eI = a9 = SCH : ea°G = Gf, GTISL* BF Cop 28etOe 2 one aoe ne eel : os°s = 16¢ GSTLS* 72 i poy a entoe | ociee 2 seta 2" Oeker : Zorg 7 SAGE O°0G4°6 & Sh =) 6/6Gza Icyeice *) 67sec tn -Gineen : eg*g S01 ee eS Cie Oi ee oe MES OPE : OS° 4 ae) (SLOVOUL OZPT) SMOMALT G44 3 dag ote 7O6IS5 40 TOUTE TEWVE-9 2 O4cq Mieco *Zu0T N 197 97S °90T BIT :uoT4Tig CHC me COL ee CEL GE ee OEE : LAE = 900 EGOzS ih = O6G96=t COMIN “Oneie = des 6 Goer : L6°S > 008 ecseg’ceag $360. Goece s Gide gOnTe «= SOnmer : 9g°S 3 909 Gola S67, 8 Syn inoe Onie 1 coece secon : Gane > 600¢ Come ces == SOL 8) WSenee + 00sec acm ss. ey yieel : ails 7 O0r eoasoteee = Gea &) Geter sete s Wee =o ocnem : Gye J (OE Seauuerenl i 00S = 60 S7ic) vince cn Gece eon Cement) : 64°e Be olor SComieOvE 2 O80; 8 Jolie m Got0g «Calas aeeay : GL°? 2“ eGr cegereve = O/G- 1 M0tyiait yS°oe s Yielee a eee : 69°S 3— “OOr ogeso"sh GGG = Oe coe aOdeam) a oneal : TOF Gr 8G9SL° Sr Ogi. Cee 1 Oe i eee cl : ga*G 2 0c gor eere Gy erGe Oy eSe se Cee ee een : L7°S i 7Ge G40SL°6 7 GoG #- To%er =. cater) corae, =- eau : Za°6 2 10H 9) 2 “STSiG + ele 2 eee ts Omar ee een : ohiaas) 20 ; gOl se 4 5 : 00/5 $ a) ¢ S104 0m] . Updeq otmeuxg : d*afs, : d®q*s, : of9's, : Aaturpes : Aqpursoruo : orn4 31 0duIO : u4doq (sz0Zom OgZT ) suouses O04 *49doq_OTUOS TT90-60G0 SUITE YE-PE-B POF UT M wSE sGO0 989T “SU0T N uSh .2T (7S °90T 4TT ‘tuwoT PETS SSAG) MH .OT 991 “SHOT WH 46T o7S “201 OF MUGS 1GO oa9T “BUOT ON uS} .8T g7G *F°1 - AX NOTLOES i ND a ae a i ie Aan iy a a Si ae eater) *s a Seca os ee TEs : ego" 8 owe) ae wei : Gere FOO ALL 2 6°6 : FOO" 3 9° 3 Or FAL : 58° * O08 OL 4 2 9° ONE 8 LOT? : 0°0 : 0° 2ST : 2Q°? 2 069 OC 2, oer aree, ; TT! : folne) : Oo 3 79°S eoe Gh eae ; oge® 5 0°0 3 0°6 : NEO 2 067 06°A BS BUS 3 7EG° : 9°o : g*s : Wee = O08 06° 4 cers ; Zor? : ag) : a°9 f meee 7 Oe 20°8 B= Oa, : gore : eo : 0°9 : 6e°T = 0G ga®s 2 9%e9 : 6a : 8°T G o°9 : 68°T = 06m Gare 3 2lOu Orr? : oe : Ong : GB°T 2 Gy gars 5 = GOV : gar” : ug ; e°7 : HOU o 306 OTS 8 esis) 5 >TS° : =e : G°s : gG°T 2 See oy iets: = 0°98 : Once 7 S°T : O°F : 2y°T Oe OTs SEaVeaG : egae : are : erg : Zy°T eo) UOT{CIS STU WO WoyeA V4{cp TLUOTITPPT ON ea 08 88 08 ce se eh 26 28 98 08 99 88 oO oO MN =OL x a0" WoSOITN 0FF24TN e MOOTTIS : snozoydsoyg LTT Worsess a” < in Py « * osees*osr : 2 69200. =) OuEen : HS Fa (6)ale ogco7* 68S : O9ega. saoeer: ; sieve > OOF OSSST° 262 : [eyes aeeen : ge OG = Oon osses* 76T : = 6e20e = Speen : Gar Fao OS08T°97T : | Oona i -ageeer : 2e°r 2 6Grr O8447° 46 : 3 06) eg et SoneOn : 09°S 5 0 CAAT TOa, : 2 gees se meee: : 61°9 ac 25 OGL" SP 2 ee GO On : OL°9 = 0g OSele* re : 2 6G°sG, Ore : TT" h ee Geead" 6 : = 9elge= | Seon on : Buen i =O 6) : 2 Seete seo 2 Geese 6 (szeqzeu Zee) smomyes cot supdeq OTUs OTPI-4OSTt *euTL pE-pe-e 397 eq M s0T 999T SUT MN s6T 939 “SPT OZT 2u0TZe4g SEC ee Oa es eS E 08°2 > O00T BRGOL* Lhd 5 GARG 5 ME[UR 8 GECVe 8 @TlHG Fe ishe ; 90°S > 008 SSTT9°ae¢ Fe) = Gere 6 Ors 5 Ours GS aeeN : 928°S O00 8Sser* 987 2 -67l == Ocoee 1Oeze : olas. — aeneom : T7°s > - 00S QSZTS* 68S i oe 0 Gieer a Jee Go Cie — u -BI9)- eft : 97°S t= = (010% SS8L0° 262 ioe. 8 Vitec Wie = Ole. ee Oc : 6S°S 2 60 SBL8L°F61 oS eyig= = CO eB EO = eig = SCE : 08°s 002 SOTST* OFT ie CRE 5 COO 8 OG 8 GEL : ey 7 Oc Sa8er" 46 7 9ee, 3 ere | eco) 1 Ossett eo : 89°F 2. OOn C2969" SA d= BG ——9- ONE CBIR 8 @eGe 8 G/L : 9L°h ey OS eS 2 fey te Oe Tes0g es See eel : 60°G 2 = 08 SEVLS* 72 se) eres 1 Cueee : OOLee 7 02 eam : 9T°S i ez OoTS4°s ee GC. 3 (orca = elec OGna = = ae 2 6T°6 = or = C 2 S0GlG s O6tcg ) Ostee Gores, eee : 92°6 6) 8 got yee : 8 0 00/5 & Oo + SADOZON ugdogq otmousg +: d*4‘s, : dfa%s, : of4‘s, : AgtutpTeg : AyiutaoTuQ : vangraodmo, = ade (sao,ou GeyT) suOTAeT Ged :qydoq oTuOg OFLIMISCL conditions of the surface waters from the Strait of Juan de Fuca to Dutch Harbor, Alaska. U.S.C.G. Cutter CHELAN, Foligg WSs Time : Late N. +: Long. -W..:: Temp. paul Ore) PY oe ee ea at : : ao Guis Joel's imeg.at.:mcg.at.:mcg.ate Twa US WO yy ee - AN HMO AES) al BY MEIN? Su Yes “Oo TIOIe)) "BI ABE BSCS eS) e a OF uly 19, 1954 OHO) EVA OU a awe WU eins 6 AWC Bees | OEE 6 oF OSG @500 2 46° 533 “shee t09 ™ = Tees 7792 es 4 OL eons ORO @900) 2) 490 Miz Vente o) aa" = Sonal) eos seo Olan : 0.00 TUSOXO) A AG) AVL 3B U NONI 6 ison Ba-S8 C4 5 a ORO NGO) 2 SOO OB? 9 eo alo 9 Bob IWosse B4.208 O48 5 a) Ondo ERO) 8 BOL Bev a IIS Geo Reo ee BA BSo O590 2 : 0.00 July 20, 1934 (CROTON ONS Le alegee) let igs a al sen Bk Bio aL hah 16 : 0,05 0500 :.50° 59" +: 133° 38° : 12.6 : 17.85: 24386: 0.52 ;: 5 | OO” Oe) 9 ENO BSN Va ee ee Gliese) 19 IY KSSl Babes O48B) b OE MAO) 2) LO AO RASS Bay Ie eG ily es)5 Sa 655 OOD > 2 O40 17GO) 2 5IO 50" 2 as7O 6 = ite) 2) 1SaCOr) 247 5eum Ono: 5) (Osta PROG) SCAU UN Se) sie Os tien OAC BAGS IL Ole 3 ai. July 21, 1934 CHICO NO BG WO up U Balen 8 ALEC SAG5R IO § BH 8 OQilil OTS BO eS OB alae) iiskeaks 25.053" “Wo 4 Ss 5 Oka OG00 2).52° 55") 21440 Git al 2) i) el OS encoun Site) FO eenostant WOO) 9 BELNODU NAIA cy OLAS GS NSeNes 018 Loe 3 BO 3 O18 WHOA BSN ne Uae aN aloe ahaa Me MSRM R sss ye og GO 98 Ola PAIS RSS USO ag Ase bya 9 able USES BS ORs On98 8 40s | O87 July 22, 1934 CHC ACU MEA aso EU BOs) 2 eos Sace3 As 3 SO 2 O.0% 0530 3 550147" 3 152° OOF logy dele) eo. 0.95) 2400 Ons O00) A SS) GEO Ee Bl Tin 9b We ele Ses O.05 ¢ BO 8 On18 1300 : 54° 08’ : 155° 00' : 10.6 +: 18.18: 25.19: 0.95: 20 : 0.18 aS loYo ES ECOG | Salsa) FTO sly 2 Wise BS Os O08 3 GO 2 O18 POO Hen ODN a INU RUA on NASR Be OA Oe BO 8 O05 July 25, 1934 0780) 37 540) OB EZ? 25% i) Vg LGy) a Soe) eae ONG Si eiiel@) me mR ss 1200 3 540 G7 ey nle4ae gant) :2) Nei gei) eediieais bao Oe n ome O ROO 1600; 3: 540 Wot. saienO me? 2 | Pe4u isl Sil emis minicar a Nesta Ou eomnanOlee Boe & on4 Station ee) Station 5-2 SECTION I Station 2-1 Station Knots eel c@ oe} ce Q me) [e) a 0 ola ite) dt re eof es olo co R Aa 2 t a ae Aa teal Oo ®& MIA S&S 9=8 0.00 Station -0.02 0,00 8=7 t nning Wes g@ Has Station K = 1.89 ate currents runnin 7-6 : 11-10 ues indic 4200 liegative val Station K = 2.24 Fo) aL 5) Kk vs ) Station: 11-10 Positive values indicate currents ru 0.00 Q.00 (0) 6=5 337 10-9 105 10 100 150 200 300 400 Station 150 200 Station: K = 8,62 75 AS ae . aris : e . ie is ‘ - ’ b ‘ $ : s a - te ay et . SECTION If 15-14 : Station 14-15 . . Station ce ale) Station = 7.17 Depth Meters 10 15 290 Positive values indicate currents setting West Negative values indicate currents setting Hast Gi of + ny oe nn a ©. : 2 5 . PEELED aw Se en oo iy g ‘ , ’ © ‘ t ae - HORE Gon 7 4.Se7 SUTI990S S8UOLING O1B20TPUT SeNnTeA sATIeSEN 4Sse} GUTIZES SUSTAIN OFVOTPUT Son [eA patatsag- 5 : : 1OOnOE aes 6 700°0 + 0 i eps Gm 2 OPO 8 © A ewe BOO) 8 Gr 3g 1OO°O) <9e7l —* Geo=> = on 5 GEP@ 8 Ses 8 © 50020 88-0 ©) 4T6°N- 3: 447" 3 (OO = 0 : Go°9 = 3 : (AB) 2: 5 Gree = yt 2 | «([e=8G «suoT TeIS : OS=Te suottedg : 6e-0f suoTPTeIS : — oe OO On MeO T=Oiee 7 - 5 5 : : 02 00°0 : 6 5 Gye 6 © : ; : $ : a : S ST : : : : : : 1 20 : ky = O0-O) = 0 | eee 2 Or QO°0 eer 2. GST =. 0050) = 06 S020 ml0tO= = ees OGe slO nO ee oC mene) oreo OPO te Gels =o ©) 5 WOLO 8 O89) <8 © SOMOS Hise) 1 1e) TTOLO= «= eyae = 0 i 0) Te =n : G5 Sot : 6e°T = 3 : G6°L = x @esoe :uoT,eIg : feree suoTseig > 98-42 %WOTIeIg : Ge-9g :uo0TzeIS c Sera Sees 5 : 9 : 5 OOOO). 0) > «6OPZL-: OV : : 5 @0°O 8 © EGE BOW?LO) 8 0) 2 GO? 810°O= = 099= = Ose= = eg 00°0O : @) . OF s 5 a . 4 5 3 5 : + 0g COLO =F = Oh Ov 3 2080 28 -Goy) = ONG SOO 2) Giese Nite OO sleet OE TOS On Senet 0 Pee One GUicd ©) SOOkO 5 cee 8 © 220°0=_5 O7ei= 2 0 0 ee ail : Oncaea : 7O°S = : = 00°e = 3 Pe-Ge :u0T1e1S > Ge=pe ru0T IIS : @8-Gg suoT TeIS ; Té-gz :uotse4s COLO S = HO EO = COrg 8 “6 a ACES COOL) =o) eye : : 0S Ae GSE He Oryh 0 OPO. 8 2 9 08 STO°@= 8 ie 2 28 20°70 5 © Gino) ee aay 0 O(n eer eae oS OS SOO. o ea F Oy 2m Oo GH v= OOS o> Or OPO. 8 joo 2 ©) SOO 5 = eer 2 © SOOCO_ 4 Fp 8 = © :g0°0_: g79_ _% 0 ew Oe i eg a aanen 40°? = SI : We : Glia mol : kh Sl-61 :u0lsess Oe-Te :uoTseig TIT WNOLOES 2“ selUc -_— >, ‘ ca - => E ’ ¢ a 2. @ - 2m aN LV SECTION s Station 2 Jdo-d4 Stetion 3 54=33 Station Sell Sell oe west ng i te currents setti indica Negative values indicate currents setting Hast Positive values Vv SECTION isp) o © 9 iS (co Xa) oo ce aS as] # ol” ed s $5 8 W Pe J YS ; n @ ~ P fe) x a ina} oo ce 9 fon) fo O} 0 ‘4 Pp ao ca Ee co} 4 A @o ee es se a7.) 5 g wo : ~ ee ee icp) Te} ab (o} al [Tes Cd ia eo ae Slos ° n At Pd wu} oe p Oo ® UMA iS ee fou! 10 0,00 : 2028 2665 40 eo Positive values indicate currents setting North Negative values indicate currents setting South YAnog BUTL1ES Ss4JUSTINS e4¥eoTpUT senTo OAT eSON ULION SiITI490S S4UeLINo Se¥sOTPUT SeNnTeA 9ATITSOg Soa ; c TCOOO 2 © 7. ue eS : = 0S 9 3 ; : ; : OO OE tO) wee Ge o -1Gr 5 OOO) 2 © 8 Aree 2 : : 2 : ee ates en 5 020 6 Gog 8 Bio 6 SOPO 8 FAG oc Gow 8 OHO Ss Wile = Stet 2 ‘Sie * OT°O : ATeT =: OOF + YO°O = @2G =: CH SSE) oO = HOB 3 = Ets) 5 OT 5 @IO) 9 Aer 3 © 8 Oe@) ete a (0) ACE sh, GROG ee 0) : (0) > SurCNN (OTH ? OTM * sq0ul : (Oleh : Oka : ShOUl : ODH : Old : Sate g S G g : ; ; 8 8 g : : : yydeq ; Se SS ae a OL =x caer | Onna! : Tr-ev -uoTyeis : Ov=Ty +woTge4s ee: ee, TA WNOLLOUS Ygnog SUII1es SgUertano S_eOTDUT SenTeA SATA ESET YQION SUTIZIES SqUMETING SBOTPUT Sen[eA eSATAITSOg | | | | 5 OOO 8 ©) 5 Ge Faro 8 © Te Gee ano ein 5 =O : des =: 0c Ssg0%0° S405 3 Ope) eet o= 4% Cee = Oya Onn se Geo ne OTE eee Se OO Se Oe nO aa cca 3 4020-5) 086. 510 ye 0 : Beh = : 16° = 3 : 6G°L = . 9G=4G suoTIeIS : GG-9G -uo0T Le4S ° FOR=GG sud0Tse4g ae Fae tet o q : : : THOCG oF Oo Sees) panna Os : : : : : f O00 5 4 ES ORO 2 2) Gi Sa GorO 8 © A GSS 8 COO 8 © 2 OOAT=! : : : 2 : 108 FAO) t Gee Op 6 OPO 0 Cie Gis He Woo) 2 faye 3 se) 8 WoO 3 ee 3 wes 8° Wi WOr@ 8° Gee 4 o >: 40°O0= * OOLE: O ONO 6 feo eo) SRR) oo eso) 50 SS CO? = ie S0°'r = 3 nee (5 aes nt ; OOnv anol GG=7en suoTuEiS : @G=eG :uoTteig 2 [G=ee storTporg : OG=TS :uoOTZCIS CONG BO 08s) “Y COLO FO 5 Hogs eeenrcees ; : : fase : . : 3 5 si o a a * S : GZ? : : : : : 000.0 40 2 2G=— tOOL On = nO 5 Vien = CIE : ; : : : * 2080) 28a ti GpSe + 00s Ole (ele OS = se OE FOL! O68: 93 0 A FOO 8 Moe Fo) 5 OOLO. 8 Bee FO) 2 10%0= S—-es= = 220 0) siouy : OH: Ssioty : OL : OM : StOUy = OTH * orm : Sszoqeyl : 3 : : ; 3 : : £29 >: yydeq Coe at ; 6Th = 5 : 06° = J 3 SEUSS or 6p=0G :uoT}LTg > «6©Sh-6y «=: UOTISTS : Zy-87 2uoTzTys g dop—ly7 :uotqnys ITA NOLLOUS Ugnos SUTL1ES SPUeTING e1eOTPUT SeNnTeA sATIeSeN YLIOM SUTI4eS SJUeTING S4eOTPUT SeNnTeA SATA TSOg . ° = 00°0 % % >= &dGat-= O0O°O = O * GVOT=: 00°00 = O Savion a Ge 00°0 = O > GO? = OLT°Om: 462T-: OPP- > PO°O-: O8P—- + GIG- + ZO°O > G¢gG =: OGT : OT TO°O : SOV -> (@) * PL OS t “ZEnt—=s 0 > §S0°O=: GPOT=* 0 = GO°O0 : G49 : O : (0) C4°L = 3 : Ors Se COG i ota meon 99-GQ -Uu0T1eIS H ‘CO=79 «=: u0TI BIS ° 79-G9 .uoTzeIsS : G9-e9 +suoTIeIS 00°O =: O i OSE 8 Ore F @) > C86 : : : : : : : 0¢ ° : : : : > O0°O = O 5s STSLT = 00°O = O - GGL : CT QOr0 5 Oe a Os 3 SOr@ 5 Oi 8 Ge 3 OVO 3 GHG 3 OG ao GOO 5 (Ol oo Gis os OT WOr® 5 C8 co © -* 80°0 : ces : O Con OO: cee ia tess (0) > 90°0 & GGL =: O >. O STOMY i a ONECEL ss OZGma Sa Olamre OST bad ace NOD te a NSA OAC GED NON ero) Sn MONDE) Uy SEEM ee : 3 : :° 22 : oe = : 2 foe uaded Ze°G = : Gig sa Fo eee : 208 = 3 29-19) SUOTaeAg === “TO=Ogn amenTeIG ee OUECG mor Tete : 6G-eG =uoT Teds TILIA NOILONS on Win ‘ Mi ain ‘ , i, if gseu“y nog SUIVFEes Ss} UeTINO o4BOTPUT YoONTeA SATLESON 1SeoULION SUTI1ES squUeIiIno o4e0TPUT SenTeA SeATITSOg OORO) mn i EGG PSOUO 5 — 6 > GSOT : : : > GS S020: 4s. GS st. “SeGi ts 202 Ors Gar 0G ae : : = ee OOO) 9h 6a, -GOd= 9020s G10) Ose. Bs 00n0 sneO 2 0O48= 2 0h 2 GOO 3 ee 8 © B= 00) B — Celoe 8 10) > GO"°O- § O48= = © == 0 : S900: OH : (OI : SFOUY : OU > Olea : Sfouy = > OTM : Ssiteqory ; _ & aes : . G , & : a aS : H 4 8 : g 3 $ : 8 > Wadeq a = oo oe ee ee eno Vol-69 :uotseis : 69-e9 =uoT4¥eIS ¢: S9=29 suoTPeIS XI NOOK ) 4 any fet ' As Ay ay Looney a9. ( ny ; i i aN h f f } ; il ' } | 2 i i) {i 5 iW up , I he é fe a ‘ ; 0 oF = stay nein x SECT ION s 73—_74 Statéon 72-735 2 71-72 is Station; Station : 70B—71 Station Depth oe oo Meters 5 Dx1o 0.0L oe 87 y ee 0.00 3$-3640 5o ee ee 20 s 76-77 Station : 70-76 Station 75 74— 77-78 Station Station: K s ~-200 : -0.01 : 297 - =i657 0.01 0.00 vo ey. 45 80281 s 81-82 =—25 3 Station ‘2 79-80 f Station 8.24 Station 78=79 Station; Sista K es ao 10 0.00 veo xe ee ce 19 22 -0,01 s 0,00 oo ee 25 359 (0) | 6 currents setting Hast 1ca tive Values ind a os Positive values indicate currents setting West legs Gb ‘ Ga 0 ines, ~ x a eae: samara “We eer sre : - 3 t. “ x s oo o é 3 ° ° . Oo s “ . = : x ‘ + Cs S rs o SECTION Xt :_ 38-87 Station : 87—86 Station :_ 86-85 Station > 80=34 Station -287 45 50 : 92—_91 Station Station: 91-90 Kes= s 90-89 Station : 89-88 Station q Bes 5el8 Sool ee 0,04 ¢: 635 6.01 (0) ee 0.0G ze 290 ee 2 95-92 Station Positive values indicate currents setting North Negative values South ing icate currents setti ind « C08 eae tee: < & o “ 5 : ~ & . eae ae 5 ’ > CF . : 5 a . * « . - o . aN . * etre « * nd , . " , a « . : . . S - ” . , ¥ Deo 1 ie 2 SS t > =, 3 e - . e 5 = Sa teny ° Ces en ‘ . eae . 5 . a e SHCTION XITL s 98=_99 97 —98 a Station ° ° g Station : 96-97 Station 3 95=96 Station icp} » [e} rel eo ee ite) (e) ite) E ° co ae q E n 4 g WwW (oe) ite) a) 8 s (00) it 7 ae icp} j5) g ite) al "3 @ o} he Z ny » (o) iS ite) d ite) : (@) LO] ee ee e oO n hs ee Cy pal So O 0.00 aol 40 50 ee : 0.00 0) 425 60 65 100 100-101 : Station 99-100 Station a SD 10 0.00 -105 20 as: BS : 8 ¢ 2 7 2 tee : : - Z t ee Be Be Ss Se Wirth IES . : bs eB 4 , i . = <0 ss ad ° : < 3 3 ‘ a Bs . e. a SERA : 2 ” y * : * - , ¥. > : 5 5 . A 6 » ¥ c a p 2 : . : . ~ « o m 7 5 S 3 S e * 2 ; . Fe “ « é ° : ; : g : . , . 5 > sg © - . - . « Bec oO SSS eas SF Z ‘ Eee Oe Sao DELO Se ME AOA a retire otoO on 20) 2 B08 < : : . r . - . . * , : , - , : 3 5 3 . : ‘ . , = > > 5 7 Q ee teams ier Bee = ate A = pyr = 5 Sou a Ge a3 108-107 Station 107=106 : Station 106=—105 SECTION XIIT 105~104B Station Station WANA dAaaAe HOOOO onmrtoo PIODDWDWOVDVAAC000 4 Ve) Qlere Slee ye: jee! Ger. ye) ie Ye) @: Je ct eo e 8 @ 8 ae gag ooo? at Siaeneees N ee ee] ef ee 88 8 28 288 se 8 #8 #8 @8 88 e8 98 eo ee c@ ee 8 ee a4 ite) Olen DnowoaNnnmnooo Sls 9 © 0 O Onmoraoanrnrnroodod set ano st ca Ee vaca nr Sy ah WO to Tomes) A fe Fentaa | OF 4 “ ee ee ee ee eo ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee se ee es eo eo 6a ee ln Ww) co OJON NrOoONnoNndGadaA HISMjJoonnr HOMDOnnwaqawda a AnRNw Ww ANRTHTMO OQ ® WO ret) 6 { Hibev Jet |ou HO Tn ae ee eo oe se eo eo ee ee ee ea 08 oe oe oo ee a ee ee; eo eo oo ee ee n | PIMBOOMDMeO*ODARVVWYNMNNHO (eo) wy OO © Fococo0co000c00c0c0ea0Qo0 000 co OQVere@) @ ASN SO OC GIL a ae Slap it ee Ma e @ © @ @ mMIOoOCOoOoaoQocaoooo0o0o00 0 a (QO) CO) () ©) ee cof ce ee e8 08 ee 08 26 28 Ce @©8 8B C8 BO ee rd oe © e8 e8 eo ies od Se Cae eS (Sh Sy (Sy (QS) MIO OO WO NO ns! rronrnMmonrwMoowooddod eTHINORM ia ca OoOr~oghy fo} OOrwnmr NY q oS} (OB cee ee sot wo mrNrrded ha : ee se eo es eo es eo ee eo c8 ee eo so ee ee ee Pj ee ee es eo se Co} PL] ie) = OOONwon tS). cd) © a 00) @ Q DINMJooorR NRNONONM HOH A sts oman MW od Mw Ue te OO Ee a ey a ee oO MW Lf HoAw MH a Me ADDMDOAHHOOOonrWHADO OMMO oO FAAARNNNNAAAAAOO Me areid oe Olite «6 © 68 (8 « © 8 © 8 18 © @ @ 6: ie), 0 \ ee eileen Gi ick hoe hte fey) (Ss) CS) OW) 1S) Pe ere Erte AE RE I OG) ae (e) pat ea ef se e8 e060 «6 @8 se 88 8&8 26 28 88 20 so ee 1 eo e8 20 oe ce | oOlonnmnnmowmaWoooWeagdaeadcdd Cor (@) [key key (ey Te AocrFAnnNMOdaDCONNGAO > TaAnron HO Ft Ww Q ~ oO SI NOrOoOnR bile) OHON Pama. Se My at SD W 4 er cay! tt M4 ohh Cia Dieta Wie A ies Oe Vl ee Je Se adios Oj st eo sel e@ 28 ee 20 00 e8 88 28 88 $8 08 88 88 C8 “od eo 8 es «8 eco aes) Ke) cols CO1HononnMmMnMowmaoeveodoocoeqgaoodcd se] (oy le Mieco Vite) ye LAr omooo mowWQoaed nis ci © oO © HoOomonrontrvrHAinedtdwoo NHoar A indeed Hm toed eo 68 ee of v8 e808 88 88 e@ © #8 26 #8 288 #8 O88 eo eofae ee e8 80 80 AONNH AO LO LO SH LO NM PIOOWDAOAOO (CM OM®) (>) Ole e © e #@# @ eee 8 @ engin O° (S) (SO) GS) Orie) r {iat ia Ga | ee of ee 86 28 28 «0 #8 #8 #8 #8 48 88 88 88 0 ees ee e8@ 08 @@ Ww onmnnmwovoo Oy OO Lf YD ooo WO @ toot t oe ah Ge aoe ha | Cai oO Os (00) co ie) eo ee] ep ee ce ea of 20 eo 8% 8$@ 06 88 28 se 29 co ee 28 «8 of es te} i] 4) ee ee age fer) oWMOMWOonR H ode je) ™- OO Oo ricl- t od Hoon {st oe, ©0f 0 e6 288 28 ce c@ cf 86 ce 8 #6 28 #8 se eeriiee se 26 ee ef ae n fo} cal ‘d eS er ee eos oS + ooW uw Pe eeteuss ee] aly aes AS sy} mls west dicate currents setting Hast Positive values indicate currents setting ive vaiues in Negat * . a- < " r ‘i t | H Rene Wier ima CNA.) Wiad aT SHS ie TY asin WHEL Hen a ¥ ' Os ae > “9 % Ss ‘ 5 & : Bei Oh be | oe! G0h"0 iG } t ‘ Sea al oe 8 DAI A De Cee Biel crest ec t i iJ 4 i s rata R iar Kast (a * 5 Ea eecclvGl th ayes So i 2 =: j ; \ ! ; , M A eae Be hy } 1 : } BS! vg acu time Foamy WEY STW CoO NISL pe et a HO? ' Foe Om oN n 6 ag 9 Ga (ot ole oe Cite} ays é cj C 70) kes C CI en s3 Z te oy pe a 4 Bane i Beanie: CAN As 4 mint igen | ieiay, (ela Station: 115=116 SECTION XLV 114-115 Station 113—114 Station Knots 0,06. 1000 10 20 0 North ing 0.00 887 1000 dicate currents sett (0) in 258 Negative values indicate currents setting South 0.00 Positive values (0) 75 100 : oe 2 se ¥ oan - : . 0 . * ; a) 3 E 5 “ * “ ~e 2 - = = . . . 4 : ‘ 5 2 7 . , « o 5 é ‘ ‘ « <¢ = 5 - = = ‘ - . , oe * = - - © . - : . . 7+ > © a2 : . : < ° . 5 . - ‘ . r 5 ea a a 2 5 ‘ 2 ‘ « re ‘ 3 5 A 2 : ow - 5 e 3 . = . * ‘ & 3 oes : 5 . . XV SECTION 119-118 : Station: 120-119 ; Station K= : 118-117 Station K 4.45 4.02 byich) Dep th Meters 288 0.583 0.373 75 100 0) AILS 500 8792 0) te currents setting North indica Positive values Negative values indiacte currents setting South a) ‘ i I A 4 1 4, Hae an Vivd iNJBYNnD any GNOILV1S DJIHd VHIONVIDO OMIMONE +e6l LSNONY #2-AINL 92 V3S ONIHIG 3SINAD DJIHAVYOONYVADO NV1aHO waiing975n oe Se Bete at ati aac z ee J —-I-—-—__L fees oh let Ser pe _J-- nd eu aad uaa aaa a i om ” “ oa vf 1 rea nf TAOS ea — so voce vn e ne hi u 4 | | es E s | SOVTs ASS = Gib I ING cies | | | i 70 | [Sou S| qqe gr? = (esr I IS GIs) | | | | - | His | YOVTS BoY = 69E hk LS = SS | | Tt | oD ot 7 Ta | a | poots Wein > Sif a ke, Ge) | | oS pooTts WSS? > {SSH A RS) (GG) | { MGY = 69T N TS = &9 sqouy | ol ST | OV ont ) *OpTh SEROMA ESTO} LOT POOLT -e7ep MOTIS 4ITIG vs om j .. 8980 4 i jl | -=atere | eet | = t=80 | ee 0a | ese | or | | T2680 | | == Gen one) eee | c | | 0260 | | Si a | Corres Gat |. meme 2 | 0g 8 ee oO: | | ogsa | | 98 | Gap iger | Ge | | ono | | Ste | een (ee ee OT | | acs | | 622 Oz eg= | q | eae | | Gp O05 | AT? joosgams | gt gw | ae9 | 2 | eel 2 Qn° | 0 | | O00 | get oe se ag | | teee | ee | oO | aoe | oT | b= sere | ae | eee 79° | g | | oeee | 6c2 | oF eae Sersans| | Gru | ee | it Gg | 9 gee OF Gove | or | =o Le cz | | TS0z | o | 4 1ee OT ecoz | 62 Or oF" | c sz03 | bl Bie Gye | odvgms ooo | tos | T | a a eg | OF | ¥0e | Bo Ol Ugo | Se | eSaT | | Oe) te | Get | ot | Gear | Ce Oe eee g | cee LT | 992 } oct jo0Rgzas Gy | OTT Gene ae Bie | OV | OOST l= @ gc* Gz | OPFT | E20 | eo || Ot | Lert | | | 0 Ce fe | | OTST | Gee | vr |ocrnms Ch ¥ fe | iE Osaa7 | *sny | ae | | (socom) SEE | mot.onatq | *s,ouyr madog | uotaeqq! -outy °99eC { quorana welnpy | | *ostnio oTydeaZouec00 *sy4uctiornseow qUoZaNg "*NVTHHO 2029n9 paeny 4Se00 ee a : ; 4 ‘ au. | i - , r oy ia 1 La aN 1 iY) { i Oe) Ceo ne Larheiaes ‘le ( i st ig (rs ale et Wee niece PyseeeeN Lh heed i leet dash clandieae fA pe Pema aqe poots Ppoots pooTts eee CFT OT! ; M6L = 247 NST - #a | | 2 Ou | cot | eoerans| ,9°- Od | ee eg | Oe ee ee | og | | Deg) aes I es oT | | yr ea hen eee | G: N6T = 241 Mel - 29 | | | He | i “e°T | eoezams! 9 = o¢ | sia | Le ae ge | | | | be gett | <2 | Le on go"T OT! | | CO ee lie | 02 goer g KEL = G41 Nat = 49 | | pe | 2 | ee*T | eoezens| g - 04 | | | | LG} of GaeE Gg} | | | | uG | OG Liat 22 | | Te ae aa OT | cee see | ie 07 ort a | AGT - 40 i GT - #9 | ae Li e°T | eoezans| ¥ - Od | | | az | O6T 20° Gz [| © | © | 608 OST go° | S MOOS TAL Mf 4G = G9 | | | era | ose, are eoejas| 9% a | Set | COT Gz* | eoRrins | | | 607 Oe ae Ge | | 6G | oe | wor OT pao Cy 6T Seo c| M90 - Tat NM 2g = go | | THE ect og° | eoejas| 97 ¥ | ce | ug° | cal 92 L ec ge | | | d | are co =| OTj Sem) are es ape ect G KG? = 69T Te = go i 4 Bho coe =| eoezmns| ap 9 ge ee ee — ee ae | n oe A ; | SOUT io See ee | Sree (sazoqoul) | *zoqumau OE NL | ee worgoctg | *sqouy | uadog es “SUTpCOL LOLOM =a [-a4ep SOUS) rosa qoLINo Cae | | 2 OTydezSo0ucoeoo SsquclioanstoW 4WOTIND *NVIHHO 21099n9 paeny 4SCOD GLO £740 Tvd40 GELO OF 40 9240 6TL9 vV70 GS70 6279 Gere 0270 6229 6120 GF Lo BETO Seo YSOT Scot SHEONE 6VAT BEat 6241. *oULE poots qe (s) pootz qqs qae opt. | i | i | pooTts pools poots | AL = 49T N80 497 i 80 49— i 80 ele IN we he ol es gun ye ZT MN Fe ela 1. He ele HE Yih Nt CHE *uoT4 TS0g *esmao otyderZouee00 ‘squeweanseeul 4uerIN) 09 ee Vo ee “427 | ihe Ge° sq,ouy *e1ep MOTIS 45Taq) Si. 4 ori | Goma | Z9OT | OPT | ST°T Ce 9°T 6cE | = ips : OAT | SOA 6512 90 09s | 6° [eres ST | TOO OT eos lo ee = beet | eve | gee Wa ous 002 | vol | Sr" Ose | Sie 4 = 20s poe | ase | 9T2 ay es eae He 6) | 6TIT | GOT | we ear | Zet 7° oce ey, | oo | "oat | TA | g¢ | oct C5T 821 09° (overs | G | ce ces | OST | Gur 06° OZT | eee een HO We | OFT CRA : 80°T OeT 62 BAe 86° GIT i OOT 26° LOT 26 6g° OZT TL 9G 98° Lv | og 63° ue Or 66° ee) oF 80°T ele. es | i let Ge 7I°T : cenan | er 9 (8n+4) OTPOSITT UOT 9917] | *s10Uy *SuULpeed TO, oul queLInNoS Weubyy G T i G S UL S i G CT G AL IE Sif g i TL g ite) ite) ile) ome) Oo W WwW eoezams (sazo4qetr) ygdeq = * Tequnu worye4s *NWIHHTO req9n9 preny 4S800 C OQ AS O? 2 SiN dh OT wan aq pooTts pooTts poors eta. oO RS 1 Méa = LoT oN Cem 497 WN 49T Lo i 49— Nt 80 80 *u0T4 Ts0g *oSsTuzo oTydeaSouesco *saustieanseem 4uering ) Ne) OS 09 Oo Xo) GO 9° OPT = eer j7eyep Notas astaq| re RUD) POSE ose ja OSS te) <4 Ne) 1 ! i H j t i j | | | | S6T pee 9 eae) = eae qi soe | esc | oat | Souraas| f= 36 9 |, Ose aren Ge | 9 1 OS" sp S Ort OT: 9 OSG = Ss ee 7 | | ce | se | gett | oowrams, T - 76 97S | Off ji se | Ce! age | ores | One | oz | 7G2 | Ge \- 2aer S| 6G |o Gee | eyes coerane i samen 908 062 | | cz | LEE TéG 6g° | OT | oom ie aa | Gas Gi 97E | os | eee | ooegans | D = 36 WIS eee Be | ce | C20 ip eae Oi oT | 9) | eg° | c | oe | ove | 99° | eoezans| a ~ 36 Ee, 4 cee | uige | 92 | ST US CV | Or! 60 ace | 69 | g | wae | STS | 99° eoerINs| T = 76 OFT | OST Gy GZ 98T OLT @G2 5] T! Gre | Lee 79° | G | O&T O° | aoerTans | a OGT We Ge | EST eee | a 69T Set | [ey ag°T | e0Bg SS oO °- gery : | (Sieqew) | *zequmu WoT, oer IG *sqOUy ygdeq | uoT,e4s {JUSTIN Web y “NWO 2999n9 preny 49800 | O ¢ ts Oo oO rd oi o fe) $e) Way lay ihe ike) d Arla ord eo, — PSA pat) Cryer wt ih UE TENE iy) Hs " anti | i | i | | | a7" : a fe | 6T i { i | Ses | een L | zs ar i CGEL { | | | ae GPS | 2 * | ooerrns pes VOR | 6180 | 1 i | } ee | 1 | A H (lg) ost ST | i eTso = : ee ajc | oo | SS os | N 4G - eG | | | ee eh OSs ooejen a a aie 920 Te: ; ee San | ! | eae | ose | ae ens poate i 6T poots ' CPE Oge ag OT | oe TTGO a | | SVS | ae ES! s | == Or ee j | os Ny 1S ee aS | H i Lee | BoE oO°= ; S0egan | | 4020 | | es = ze : OSs = 026 a a | STO 6T ees Ee ae | ose ae | OT | Got} L020 | | SSe | G 2 gins | ( - SOT ee oe Wie © 6 ee ass 51° | 000g | | et as KGS = 49 = 0 m0 Ace ie ST | | eee ST ee | il ae oae ae | OT | aon | wore rd (p) a u - ~T N 4G — GG | ae | aE aa | oerins | 9 | 8202 | 49 F cot | cre | cae | core iee | Soe = | co | | - —— ae | Or | eG | TIOg =i Se © >) i G im ye NM LG - Sc | z vas | s¢ | oowgans tere) a eee | O°T oze | Bae | oe | et | 2297 | ST i Tae Ore 7G i OT T F GIO T | Gcs a Se | ard 10) | - N 4G — @g ae | Gs T6° oe jn | 7FISt | It MG = LOT OL 0 gee : Ge Oe ee hs Ot BvES 20 ve°T | T | =e “any 8 = es 2 : as teint eqout) | *zequmu *OuTT see = Oars, | : ane wot1eig 2 eer Cala, all onz4 ) Sees ——— *Ss7.0Uy ! Hage | (0 Sqouy porsoozta pea i | | I £04 0u Sees | ee WeunTH °e4eD HOTIS fee vere sec U A 4s ee I 4 + ret TABLE IV. Direct current measurements by Ekman current meter for several of the stations occupied. Values for surface observations are low due to the shielding effect of the ship and are not used in obtaining mean values. Directions are magnetic and true. Mean directions are based on measurc= ments at depths of and greater than ten metcrse Addonda sheet, Table IV. Add the following under: Velocity “Direction (meg) Gratton (mean) a Pores, A-45 5 Cipeenginai sehen sere 3 B45 260 . 9 C-45 260 4 D=45 oy 6 H=45 048 5 F=49 avo 8 G-45 ao 3 0) Mean valuc for 21 hour perivd. i AX$70 1.42 By B-70 Jeol 24 C=70 1.24 39 D-70 1.01 41 Mean values for 9 hour period. 1.29 33 B=82 Pisio) C=82 1.05 D~82 298 H=82 245 F=82) Oe) A=-94. Pek) 8 B-94: plecieis 144 C-94 1.40 154 D-94 eo 150 H-94 268 356 F=94 47 332 G=94 ADS) 305 H-94 OS 335. T=94 IL Gul 350 J-94 IL oats} 352 A-103 aii SoM B=103 237 . Soo C=103 ist 327 D-103 ola 336 E=103 «88 326 F={103 e838 ar 324 G=-103 240 Mean values for 21 hour period. Sia: ott oly =) nue) are TABLE IV (a) Drift stick data obtained from observations at anchor. CURRENTS. The following obscrvations were made with a drift stick 15 fect long woighted to float one foot above the surfaces NOME STATION 45 30 July, 193%. i August, Lots 1200 298 C8 Ww 1230 20 Ae) ii 1400 290 Oy es 1300 4) Pro}o) ah 1600 288 6 6 1400 44 2090 i 1800 292 eoo i 1500 40 06 E 2000 505 ls) ey de, 1600 42 eo i 2200 310 ely) 8 1700 toh) 040 FE 2400 320 el, F 1800 56 385 F 1900 60 205 F bl July, 1934. 2000 42 27 F 0200 290 abhi oe 2100 +y9) 065 F 0400 295 eoo F 2200 20 rs) F 2500 30 0% F ZL PEON VEG E 2 August, 19354. 0100 58 9) E 0200 285 26 E 0300 ESM eve) E 0400 iL 0% E 0500 8) 040 ish 0600 65 26 F 0700 20 075 F O038C0 29 ee) F 0900 505 ol F 1000 Os Mice E 1100 335 = 620 i 1200 20 08 a Ste Lawrence Island. 2 August, 1934. 5S August, 1934. 1630 AS, eau ae 0100 ) 0 E 1800 110 6 F 0200 0) ©) E 1900 90 ot 0300 0 O E 2000 80 el. B 0400 O O E 2100 89 ey 0500 O 0) E 2200 80 pil a O6CO 9) 0) i 2500 250 ol F O7CO fe) 0 li 2400 270 Aik) ie O80C 0) 0) i 0900 0 O a LOU 8) 0 Hh 1100 0 0) F 1260 ©) Q F - 28 = Q August, 1934. 2000 2400 10 August, 1934, 0100 0200 0300 0400 1817 1900 2000 2100 2200 2500 2400 7 August, 1934. 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 200 259 260 250 220 290 355 10 5 180 185 180 180 290 520 305 510 275 265 120 120 120 120 100 120 120 123 TABLE IV (a) continucd. by Ed BEA eee es eS Bee ee oe Se ee ee a ey Nunivak Island. 39) & 0100 0200 0500 0400 0500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 1100 1200 1500 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 St. Matthew Island. 178 178 193 195 il August, 1954. 8 Avgust, 1934, 13500 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2500 2400 0100 0200 0300 0400 Q500 0600 0700 0800 0900 1000 Toe en een fe] el HERR e eee eee ee ees ee yy Bogoslof Island. WEST ANCHORAGE: 18 August WEST ANCHORAGE: 19 August 1700 TOS. Melts Oman ta 0100 OO ALSO) Raney 1800 10 295 knot . 0200 ) A) ealone 1900 5 295 knot OB00 .) SEO A aio 2000 350 1.0 knot 0400 ) 1.0 knot 2100 350 140 knot 0500 300 1.0 knot 2200 (0) 295 knot 0600 355 Tall), alone 2500 315: 095 knot O700) 550 1.0) ‘knot 2400 B25 TLE Reaver 0800 350 1.0) Meno 0900 330 .95 knot 1000 335 295 knot Light south-southwest airs 1100 530 eO knot 1200 320 4 knot 13006 10 4 knot 1400 10 1.0 knot Light south-southwest airs BAST ANCHORAGE: 19 August EAST ANCHORAGE; 20 August 1630 320 eco knot 0100 30 58 kaalo® 1700 S20 e2o knot 0200 80 eoo knot 1800 320 eco knot 0300 40, eoo knot 1900 329 ocd knot 0400 10 e6 knot 2000 280 eS knot 0500 ae) eL knot 2100 wot) ed knot 0600 525 el knot 2200 280 ee knot 0700 S20 el knot 2500 270 2 knot 0800 210 «22 knot 2400 10 co knot 0900 210 ol aor 1000 210 el knot 1100 210 el knot Light southwest airs 1200 210 el knot : 1300 229 eo knot 1400 _ 220 edo knot 1500 170 edd knot 1600 160 eo knot Light southwest airs. It should be noted that the current was practically constant in ~ direction on the west side, whereas on the east side an eddy seemed to be felt. Upon approaching and leaving the i land a current of .78 knots per hour, 98° true was observed. - 30 = CURRENTS, BERING SEA AND ARCTIC OCHAN. The following is quoted from the U.S. Coast Pilot, Alaska, Part TL, Ugsls Between Cape Cheerful and St. George Island the curremt is not believed to have any decided set or flow unless influenced by the wind. With a strong wind a current is likely to set with it, but 3 point allowance in a course will be sufficient to overcome any set that will be faind in this vicinity due to this cause. | Between St. Matthow and Nunivak Islands tho sect of the current is northward; with prevailing northeast winds it sets northwest, and with northwest and southwest winds, northeast, This northerly currcnt con +inues and incrcascs between St. Lawrence Island and the mainland, being stronger toward the mainland north of thc mouth of the Yukon River, where it amounts to about 1 knot, cxcopt in the carly summer, when, incercascd by the freshets in the Yukon, it may amount to 2 knots or more. A strong northeasterly current sctting on the Yukon flats has been obscrved, amounting at times to 24 knots, The current sets north across Norton Sound to Sledge Island and then follows the const to Boring Strait. It is strongly marked between Sledge Island and scoring Straits In Bering Strait the current sects north, and when not influcneccd by wind its velocity is about 2 knots an’hour. Protracted northerly gales which prevail in the auturm change its direction to southward, but on the ecssation of the wind it quickly sect north again. Strong southerly gales increase its volocity to 3 mots. The current is stronger cast of the Diomede Islands than west of them. From Boring Strait to Point Barrow there is a general’ current setting northward alongshore (stronger inshore), which, when not affected by winds or stopped by the ice, has a velocity of not less than 1 knot at any part of it. The current from the strait turns northeastward and is joined north of Cape Krusenstern by that from Kotzebue Sounc. From Eschscholtz Bay a northerly current sets alongshore on the eastern side of Kotzebue Sound, having a velocity of = to 1 knot at Cape Blossom. It continues past Cape Krusenstern, whcre it is incroased by the flow from Hotham Inlet to a velocity of 1 to 2 knots, and northward of the cape joins the current from Bering Strait, where, in the latter part of July and August, its © velocity is 1s to 2 knotse It continues with the same velocity around Point Hope, then with a reduced velocity to Cape Lisburne and across to a short distance south of Point Lay. Ater rounding Point Hope, and thence to Icy Cape, the curr nt docs not appear so strong, and, as a rule, is about 1 knote In the bight botwocn Cape Lisburne and Cape Beaufort there is a tidal current, and unless driven in by a westerly wind the outside general current is not felt. ‘Northward of Point Lay, if the ice has not opened up from the shore, the current is stopped; but if the ice is open’ to Point Barrow, the current continues along the shore and, because of the contracted space between the shore and the ice, increases in velocity to froma to % knots and sometimes more at Point BarroWe = Sl = This general current is more or less affectcd by the wind and may be decreascd or even stopped at times by northerly winds, but when the wind abates it starts again. When the wind is with the current its velocity is increased. Wcll offshore the curronts are variable and not so strong and depend to a great extent on the winds. There is, however, a general set northwarde A report from the Coast Guard states that in the vicinity of Point Barrow {that is, from Sea Horse Island to Point Barrow) a northeast wind will act against a northly current and produce a resultant current which will carry the ico offshore. The following is quoted from Physical Geography of the Sca (Mbury) = IS/ 8 A surface current flows north through Behring Strait into the Arctic Ocean, but in the Atlantic the current is from, not into the Arctic Seca: it flows south on the surface, north below: Behring Strait being too shallow to admit of mighty undercurrent or to permit the introduction ( from the polar basin of any large icebergs into the Pacific. The following is quoted from the cruise of the CORWIN in the Arctic Ocean ~,1881: (Notes and Observations by Hooper): A bright ice-blink had been in sight, to the eastward, all the after-= noon, and about 8 peme, the ice was raised on the port beam anda ahead. We soon discovered the straits to be entirely filled with ice, coming through from Bering Sea, compelling us to lay by until morning. During the night the set of the current, after careful observation, was found to be about one knot per hour to the northward. * OR CR OK CK OK OK Ck OK OK OK * On the BO0th of May, being anchored at the West Diomede, the ice was observed to be setting to the northward about 2 knots per hour, the wind ( blowing fresh southeast with snow=-squallse During the night of June 3 the CORWIN, while trying to get south through Bering Strait, was met by a large body of ice drifting through into therArctic Ocean from Bering Sca which completely filled the strait. Being compelled to heave, until the next forenoon, the drift of the vesscl “was noted and found to be northwest, vclocity about one-half a knot per hour, weather calm. June 7, stcaming from Saint Lawrence Bay to Saint Lawrence Island, in calm weather, a current set the vessel 50 miles in an east~northeast direction in twenty hourse July 2, steaming from Bering Strait to Marcus Bay, time ninetecn hours, the vessel was set to the northeast 18 miles. There was no wind at the time, but for scveral days previously a fresh north-northwest galc had been blowing. In passing through the strait near the Diomede Islands at that time a strong current had been encountered, which had bccn the subject of romark on board, somo estimating it as high as 5 knots per houre PT. 7 zi xt DRAF Tol ACE —-—S. 5. PORTLAND -1908 ~----VW §.CG6.C. GEAR -1924 i '} “h } Ww io AY: Ore atone a, 2 Saver Tow Tie Neth A From 7 pem., July 2, to 4am, July 3, steaming from Marcus Bay to- wards Saint Michael*s, Norton Sound, the current set the vessel east= northeast 30 miles. On the afternoon of July 12 a short trip was made at Cape Prince of Wales. A strong northerly current necessitated frequent working of the engine to hold the vessel in position. Wind moderate and variable. July 50, while made fast to the shore ice at the cast end of Herald Island, the current was measured with the chip and line and found to be to the northward 1 knot per hour. There was no appreciable change in the velocity or direction of the current during the time the CORWIN remained at the island -- from 9:45 p.em., until 3 a.m. The ice was setting steadily northward during that time. At Cape Wankerem, latitude 68° 05', longitude 176° 30', a tidal current was observed with a riso and fall at that time of about @ fect, the flood setting along the coast to the northward. At 7:30, August 3, in tho Arctic Ocean, south of Wrangel Island, being able to sco a mile or more, we got under way and steamed to the northwest under one bell until 9, when it again shut down thick, just as we came up to the ice. The cngine was stopped and soundings mde in 193 athoms of water, soft bottom, temperature at bottom 40°, the current setting to the westward very gently, not more than a quarter of a knote KK KK KK K KK K *K The bed of the navigable part of the Arctic Ocean lying north of Bering Straits is a vast plain, with an average depth of less than 30 fathoms. South of Wrangel Island the soundings are remarkably regular, at 22 fathoms for many miles, but toward the Asiatic side of the strait _ the water deepens to 27 fathoms at a distance of 20 miles from the coast, gradually shoaling to 14 in the next 10 miles. Just east of Herald Island the depth exceeds 30 fathoms, and to the northeast a few miles reaches 40. This is undoubtedly caused by the current which scts north- ward between Herald Island and the Herald Shoal. * OK KK OK OK KK KK OK K On the 4th of August, while cruising in the strait south of Wrangel Island, our observations showed a west-northwest set of 12 miles, the : wind light and variable. On the 4th and 5th of August tho ship's position was detorminod by observation, showing a current of 1 knot per hour north-northwest; wind moderate, from cast to southeaste On the 10th of August, while at anchor off the south coast of Wrangel Island, near the edge of the ice-pack, the current was ob- served to be setting in a northeasterly direction, from one-quarter to one-half a knot por hour. - O63 = On the following day, when about 8 miles off the southeast cnd of Wrangel Island, the current wes measured with a chip and line, and found to be about three-quarters of 2 knot per hour in a northcasterly dircction (the direction of the coast-linc). During the night the ice continued to drift to the northward, the load in which the CORWIN was at anchor changing its position about 8 miles. On the following morning (August 12), while at anchor near the shore off the east end of Wrangel Island, the current was observed to be north 1; knots per hour. The wind during the llth and 12th was moderate from west to southwest. August 13, the vessel's position was detormined by observations, and the reckoning brought forward showed a north-northeast current of 1 mile per hour for the twenty-four hours. At midnight, August 16, stopping at Point Belcher, the current was found to be setting along tho coast to the northward about 1 mile per hour. The samo current was observed a few hours later near Point Barrow. The wind during the day vas light and variable. August 17, mcasured the velocity of the current while at anchor at Point Barrow, and found it to be 13 miles per hour, following the di- rection of the land to the northeast. During our stay at Point Barrow the wind was light and variable, so that it would have but little effects‘ upon the currente August 18, got under way from Point Barrow, and steamed to the south- ward, With a strong head current, which was no doubt accelerated by a fresh southwest Wind. At 7 a.m. the following day at Point Belcher found the current setting to the northeast along the land, but very much de- ereased in velocity; the wind light southerly. From noon August 19 to noon August 20, steaming to the southvard between Icy Cape and Point Hope, the vessel was set to the northward 30 milcse From 5 pem.e august 20 until meridian of the 21st the current vas found to have sct 12 miles north by cast one-half cast. From 4 pem. August 22 until meridian august 24, in Bering Strait and Sea between the Diomede islands and Plover Bay, the current set 75 miles to the northward, the wind blowing a fresh gale from south and southeast. Three days later, in returning over this track with a moderate mortherly Wind, no current Was encountered. In September the result of our observations in Kotzebue Sound showed a tidal current with a rise and fall of about 3 foct. OK OK kK K KK K K KK XK On the afternoon of Scptember 14 we passed Cape Prince of Wales about 4 p.em., having a strong northerly current while in the straits, which we estimated at 3 knots per hour. * OK OK OK Ok ck KOK Ok Ok O&K Ok The discovery of a tidal current in Bering Strait and the Arctic Occan is not new, it having beon known to oxist and been reportcd by several navigators, The boat expedition undor Conmander Pullen, R.N., along the north coast of Alaska, in 1849, found 18 inches rise and fall at Point Barrow and the samc at the mouth of the Mackenzic.. Richardson speaks of the ebb and flow of the tide coast of the Mackenzie. The CORWIN found 2 feet risc and fall at Wankoreom and 3 fect in Kotzebue Sound. Parry found a tidal current in Melville with the flood tide setting to the southward. W.H. Dall, United States Coast Survey, found a tidal current in Bering Strait in 1880 with the flood tide, which was the strong- er, setting to the northward. One theory advanced in relation to the Bering Strait current is that it is caused by the rivers emptying into Bering Sea and Norton Sound, The effect of the rivers in Kotzebue Sound was remarked by Captain Beechey, R.Ne, who, in speaking of a current encountered between Point Hope and Kotzebue Sound, says: It varied from}1$.t0 3 milos per hour and was strongest inshore. It was very constant, and the water was much fresher than the ordinary sca wator. He adds: It is necessary here to give some further particulars of this eurrent, in order thet it may not be supposed that the wholo body of water between the two continents was setting into the Polar Sea at so considerable a rate. By sinking the patent log first 5 fathoms:and then 3 fathoms, and allowing it to remain in the first instance six hours and in the latter twelve hours, it was clearly ascertained that there was no eurrent at cither of those depths, But at the distance of 9 foct from the surface the motion of the water was nearly equal to that at the top. Hence, we must conclude that the current was superficial and con~ fined to a depth of between 9 and 12 fcet. By the freshness of > wator alongside, Captain Boechey belioved the current was oc- easioned by tho many rivers which at this timo of the year empty themselves into the soa at different parts of the coast at Schischmareff Inlet. He further says: So far thero is nothing extraordinary in the fact, but why this body of water should continually press to the northward in prefer- ence to taking any other direction or gradually oxpending itself in the sea is a question of considerable intcrest. The remark applies with cqual force to such rivers in Kotzebue Sound es pass through Boring Strait, while the decreased spocific gravity of the river water, due to its higher tomperature and frecdom from salt, would prevent its readily mingling with the surrounding salt water. Tho fact.of its flowing northward through Bering Strait, notwithstanding the course of the current is broken by shoals sand bars, capos, islands, a ae etce, is not so readily explained except upon the theory of the sur- rounding current having the same direction. As evidence of the existence of a current northward through Bering Strait, we have first the remarkable drift of the Jeannette. This vessel entered the ice near where the observations of the Rodgers are said to have upset all existing theories in relation to Arctic currents, yet not- withstanding the enormous friction of the ice, at points of contact, to be over¢éome, and in the face of adverse winds, which many times set her back to the south and eastward during the twenty months she was helplessly embayed in the ice, as a resultant of all currents she made a drift of 500 miles in a northwesterly directione : * OK OK OK OK OK The discovery near Herald Island of part of a vessel burned south of Bering Strait must also be regarded as evidence pointing in the same dircction.e We have also the testimony of the whalers, the only men who navigate these seas regularly, not one of whom, so far as I can learn, doubts the cxistence of this current. Then comes the testimony of the { natives living on the shores of Bering Strait to the same effect. But in all this cvidence there is nothing inconsistent with a regular tidal current in Bering Strait. @ * OK KK OK OK MAMMALS . An exccllent opportunity was made possible by the Bering Sea Cruises to observe the peculiarities of the sea lion, the walrus and the seal. The sea lions were encountered in the Aleutian Islands, the Pribilof * Islands amd Bogoslof Island, the seals were seen on the Pribilof Islands and on Bogoslof Island; while the walrus were seen off St. Lawrence Island, St. Lawrence Bay, in Bering Strait and in tho Arctic Ocean. These manmals, also called pinncpeds, arc built primarily for life in the water. Their <_ activities ashore are very limited. Their bodies are more or less fish- — like in form and their limbs are to a great degree finfooted. THE SHALL. The fur seals of the Bering Sea form two independent herds which have distinct places of habitation and separate ways of migration. The seal of the American herd is concentrated on the Pribilofs and is called callorhinus alascanus while the callorhinus ursinus (Russian) visit the Komandorski Islands and the callorhinus civilensis, the Japanese, visit the Kurile Islands. The differences in the color of the skins, in the forms of the bodies and in‘the construction of the skulls make it possible to differentiate between the various classes. For example, the American seals have stouter broader heads, thicker necks, superior fur and different claws. The greater portion of the world's supply of furseal canes. ftom the Pribilof Islands. Seals are amphibious mammals. On land their forefect arc used for climbing, while the hind flippers are dragged. At sea the forefcct are -' 36 = “GNV'ISI Thvd ‘LS ‘STVaS una the propelling power, the hind ones being uscd as rudders. The general color of the bull is black With grayish shoulders and brownish face. The female is lighter in color. The young is usually all black, having a brown mouth. On the top of the hoad, the males heave a well marked crest of hair. The hair of the mile is longer than that of the female. linles also have long slender cylindrical and tapering whiskers. The pup sosls about a week old arc about a foot long and weigh abmut 7 potnds. At 6 months they arc about 2 fect and weigh about 25 poundse Yearlings are about 40 inches long and yeigh 40 pounds. Two yearlirgs are about 4 feet long and weigh about 60 pounds. Old mills weigh about 500 lbs., and are about 7 feet long. The average weight of the cow is about 85 pounds. The neck, chest and shoulders of a bull comprise more than 2/3 of its whole weight and it is in this long thick neck and fore feet that all their strength is centered. \ Botton the first and the 15th of May the first bulls arc found on the Pribilof rookeries. At that time they spend much time swinming off the beach, a condition that soon changes when the main body arrives. The first arrivals are not generally the oldest but are the finest specimens and are the ones that later control the harems ashore. With the coming of foggy weather, about 15 June, bull seals come up by thousands and locate themselves in advantageous positions for the arrival of the femalcs. The seals are polygamous type and have harems averaging 12 females. The selections of a special location on the breeding ground are not necessarily the same every year. Immediately upon the arrival of the herd at their summer-home, vicious battles are fought between the developed male seals for the domination of the harems. Smsll colonies composed of many female seals and one lord are formed. This leaves generally a large number of robust young male seals. Once in a while they make a raid, when the lord of the harem is not looking, and ondeavor to stcal some of the females. If they are successful, they lay the foundation for a harem of _their own The bulls show remarkable courage and strength is defending their temporary homes. ‘The fighting seems to be done mostly by their teeth, they seizing each other's hide and shaking, It usually results in a bad wound, the sharp needlelike teeth tearing out strips of skin and blubber. Seals are the most intelligent of the mammals. They resemble a dog. They can be taught to obey in the same way. They bark somewhat the same, they cool themselves by opening their mouths and have generally speaking a similar head. They are playful. They however sometimes stretch out their bodies like striking adders and make vicious snaps at anyone with- in reach. Man is number one enemy of the fur seal but under the existing law the seals have a splendid chance. The killer whale preys on the younge The shark and swordfish attack to a lesser degreee The seal chart shows the general run of the seal. It is reported that at one time they made the shores of Guadaloupe Island but now they seldom reach below 32° N Latitude. The information was obtained from re 1B rie Coast Guard records,from Captain Bissett, one of the carly scalers and from others of his associatcse THE FOLLOWING IS QUOTHD FROM CAPTAIN BISSETT'S REPORT. "Scals on leaving the Bering Sca in October and November enter the North Pacific through 72 Pass and make course for an area in about latie tude 33° - 38°N and for 150 = 400 miles west of thc California Coast, arriving in that vicinity from carly November until the middle of Deemer. They remain here until the month of February. The movement on the return migration that of the smaller cows and young bulls begins. much earlier than that of the mature cows. In some years this part of the herd arrives off the coast of Oregon and Washington and as far north as Cape Cook on Vancouver Island carly in January. The south end of the herd however trails as far back as the southern California Coast. The herd moves rather slowly along the coast of Queen Charlotte Island, thence along the Alaska coast, up to the Gulf of Alaska, arriving at the Fair Weather Grounds in April and May. On these grounds, which seem to be an immense feeding grounds many of the seals remain till sometime in June, At this time the cows are heavy with pups and begin to arrive, forming the for- (< ward moving part of the herd but do not remain long in the vicinity Mpls but move through the different passes on to the breeding grounds in Julye” "We sealers used to hunt them while they were feeding some 60 miles offshore. We remained in the seal hunting until late September and some= times until October." "In my opinion all the great seal .hords, most birds and even fish when migrating follow great clliptical paths to and from their breeding and spawning grounds, On the west coast of North America the seal move-= ment iS against the clock and on the coast of Japan and Russia clockwise. I have hunted in both these grounds." "A large bank exists probably 150 = 200 miles south of Attu Island extending from the meridian of Attu to the 180th. The extent of this bank, north and south, is evidently very great. There is evidence from srs: tne eelce of the water and the flocks of sea birds that there must be < soundings at no very great depth in the large area. This seems to be a ir herding for young bulls principally and a few of the smaller cows. I have crossed the bank many times. The area was well known to most of the old scalers that visted the Japan and Copper Island scaling grounds and we crossed it diagonally on our return from Copper Island to Cape Flattery. It was the general opinion of the scaler that the herd was a part of the Copper Island herd." "Up until the scals leave the islands they live on their mother's milk. Cows will only suckic their own pups. ‘The pups are weaned about the first of October. The bull seals arrive on the islands covered with fat and for three months remain on the island-to domineer over their various households and multitudinous better halves, with little slecp and with no food. The mother scals swim out to sca in scareh of squib and other food, and there formerly mot doath at the hands of the poachers. As a majority of the scals killed at sca were females, the cficct of the pelagic catch was felt directly on the bre-ding herd. Tho forfciture of the mother's life meant the forfeiture also of not only the life-of - 3 = IH IH mo se This chart has been compiled from posi- tions, ships runs and other information obtained from old sealers, Revenue Cut- ter Service reports, Coast Guard Cutter reports, etc. The Japanese and Russian seal movement lines were prepared by Cap- tain Bissett an old sealer, who spent con- siderable time in those waters, while those of the American seals were plotted by Commander F. A. Zeusler from the data referred to above. St Lawrence! EtMethewi Nt AUG StPT NG - -— ~f ann yet \ |Pributot a AN of: ON “ave @ i. E MONTHLY TRAVEL SEAL HERDS Hie BONS E LS aay eels eh EN rs Gwar eee re i 4 hg Pa renal ATi the baby she left at home in the rookery, but also of the life of the baby yet unborn that she carried with her. The older seals do not obtain their food from a very great depth, living mostly on squib and surface fish. Our investigations indicate that the scals scldom cat salmon, taking thom only when they pass through a school. They soem to prefer pollack instead. However, they cat more salmon off the Copper Island rookeries, but even thore the gencral food is squib and pollack, They seldom distrub the fisheries, They do not eat shellfish. Some cod but no halibut were found. The migratory feature of the seal is due generally speaking to food conditions but the departure from the Islands in October is due mostly to the approaching winter con- ditions. There scems to be a relations between 100 fathom:curve and the location where the seals get their food. The cows most frequent fecding ground is about 75 milos SE to NW of the Pribilofs, just off 100 fathom curve." "The cows arc usually about three years old when they bcar their first pups, having but one offspring at a time. Cows can casily recognize the young by the individual cries in addition to the peculiar individual edearse The mother single them,out of thousands but the pups don't scan to bo able to recognize their mother, The apathy with which the young ae tbReabod by the) old asmrapher stranse., |They are Ssciidom tondillede the cows show little concern over the death of their offspring once they leave them." "Bulls have a number of peculiar tones but cows can only bleat. When surprised the scal will usually sit up in an ereet position and growl and make a spitting noise, showing the tceth." "About the middle of August there seems to be a breaking up of the harems as the breeding is over. They come and go at rancam, the cows going to sca more often tham the bulls. The pups are clumsy and weak but take to the water to .carn to swim. They soon swim and seem to thoroughly enjoy themselves. By.the L5Sth of September they are out on their own resources except for food. By one October the rookeries,are pretty well broken up. By 3Oth October very few remain. The galling snow and the heavy rain have thoroughly discouraged them. The seal likes cool, moist weather. The hazy, foggy weather of June, July and US is to their liking. They apparently do not like temperatures of SOE ee When the natives off the coast of the United States kill their seals during the months of March and April, it is done by canoe at sea. The fishing gear consists of two spears which are fitted to a pronged pole about 15 feet long. To the spear is attached a line which is fastcned toxthe spear pole or is held in tho hand of thc spearman when he throws the weapon. A scal club is also provided as well as two seal skin buoys, the latter being taken in tho canoe to be used in rough weather or if a scal, having been speared, cannot be managed with line, the other buoy is bent on and the seal played. Its efforts to escape by driving and plunging soon plays out the seal and it is then hauled alongside and clubbed. Killing the. seals ashore is somewhat different. The killing of seals occurs during the last two weeks of July. arly in the morning the fur-seals from one rookery or another are cut off met) Veen from escape by sea and are driven inland. About half a mile from the shore the herd is examined. Old males, females and puppies are selected and freed from the drive and returned to the shore, and the males bctween three and five years old are driven to the killing places. The weight of the skin must be between 8 and 12 lbs. They are driven slowly and per— mittcd to nalt and cool off at regular intervals, as heating thom injures their fur. They scldom show fight and move along like a flock of sheep. When they reach the killing grounds, they are rested and cooled and when ready the eligible males are driven from the herd, surrounded by natives who then do the killing by striking cach scal on the hcad by a blow from a heavy club. A single stroke properly delivered will crush the bone of the scal's skull at once. The finishing touches are madé then. with a long knife thrust into the heart of the senselcoss seal and it is then bled. After the killing, the body of the seal is rolled over on its back and the natives make @ single cut through the skin along the neck, chest and belly from the lower jaw to the tail. The hind and fore flippers are lifted and a circular hole is made, and the hide is cut free from the body. The skins are cleaned and then salted and at the cnd of the scason are brought south and delivered to the designated firm to prepare the skins for auctione (cs REPORT OF CAPTAIN HOOPER, U.S.R.M. 21 NOVEMBER, 1892, The nativechunters divide the scals into six classes as follows: Sek’ atch Old Bull Polu-sck’atch Half-grown=bull Holosty'tak Young male Matkah Breeding cow Molodaya-matkah Young. cow Koteck Pup As a result of my investigations I find that the fur seals when leaving Bering Sea in the fall go through Four Mountain Pass, Umnak Pass, os Akutan Pass, Unimak Pass, and the False Pass; by fdr the greatest number, | probably a majority of all the pups going through Unimak Pass which bcing wider than the others, is less subject to strong currents, tide rips, ctc., than the narrower passcs. It coincides most ucarly with the line of travel or the migratory herd of cows, young males, and pups which go to the coasts of California, Oregon and Washington, etc., as well as that of a large numbor of males which remain in Alaska waters during the wintcr. It is also the mast available pass for the use of all classes of seals on account of the prevailing winds. Seals always travel with a fair Wind if possible. a ee “2 overcast woather, the small drift, averaging less than one-fifth knot per hour (sce current sheet), lessened the necessity of having them more frequently, and considerable confidence is to be placed in the accuracy of the work in generale "The CHELAN is provided with a Submarine Signal Company fathometer, type 515H, and recorder, type 505, with two oscillators in parallel for deep soundings. With this device soundings of more than four thousand fathoms came in sharp and clear under normal conditions. There is also installed a wire sounding machine for depths not greater than a thousand meteors, its use being primarily for obtaining water semples and temperas..x tures. It is thus seen that the ship is well equipped for hydrographic surveying and dyriamic observations. The fathometcr was carefully. in- spected by.an agent of the company in Seattle in June of the present year, both for operation and adjustment to the standard white light specd of 820 fathoms per second. In addition the wire sounding machine was used on several occasions to check the fathometer. Salinities were somewhat lower than expected but these doterminations wore checked a number of times and are believed to be correct. The water temperatures agree remarkably well with those. observed in the Gulf of Alaska a oe Coast and Geodetic Surveye" Be yee N.H.0.407 @ Wi lw Wy WP Rd, 1D © IR AW Isai For Record in the United States Hydrographic Office Vessel (name, flag, type) __U. Se S. CHELAN C.G, Mas ter (name) __L. V. KIELHORN, Comdr.,-.U.S.C.G. Owners name and ae eee (name and rank) dG dS Glyn, Miibie | Wiese Cle Gis Ue Se. Government Address to which an acknowledgment should be meade Commanding Officer, U. S. 5S. CHELAN, C.G., Seattle, Washe xArediued a a ees Voyage: From _ Amchitke, Aleutian Island. to Attu, Aleutian Islands. on Hydrographic cruise south and west of Aleutians Draitie) Depart uace eo nn Or UdamlEo non Aft. Arrival 11'6" For'd 14'S" Aft. Year 1936 Position Current Wind Water Condition:of. Seas SST) Mo. Day Time Latitude Longitude Set Drift Direction Injection 4m't Swell from force 8 20 1626 51-04N 179-075 NE 2 5d NE 1 NE Ll 8 21 1338 51-58N 172=-24k 245° 0.24 8 Ai 168) Silcosyein 172-245 SW lL BS) SWwl Sw 1 8=22 1335 50-02N 1735-00H Nil Nil 8 22 1335 50-02N 173-008 NW 2 D4 NW 1 W L 8 25 1309 50—-14N 178-555 _ OF O20 8 25 1309 50-14N' 178-33H i W 2 D4 NE 1 NE 1 8 24 1520 51-36N 175-278 700: Ole fi 8=24 1520 51-36N 175=275 NW ae 55 Swi Sw 1 8 29 1333 52=-21N 172-20 250° 0.250 8 20 1362 52=-21N 172-205 SSE 2 D4 SSH. 1 SSE 1 8 26 1318 53-09N 169-56ER 350° 0.25 8 26 1318 53-09N 169-56E an 2 54 SED) SEL 8 27 0908 53-20N 171-39R LBS (Oe ADDITIONAL REMARKS The current observation between Augst 24 and August 25 includes a 4=mile drift 350° between 2350 August 24 and 0700 August 25, during which time the ship was drifting in latitude 53-2mN, 171-02E. Subsequent observations of the sun determined this drift which observations were taken before noon, 25 August. FATHOMETER CORRECTIONS TO STANDARD VELOCITY 820 Locality off ATTU, ALEUTIANS, August, 1936. Observed data indicated by asterick Other Salinities indicated by formula: 72 = V t seis ie ae and other temperatures adopted. DEPTH Salinity Temperatures Correction oO Meters Fathoms Boe € Factor pe Seen iggey Whos OO Mane cakes parckleDs tas Ca iS) 802 Oise oes 1OAB 30% 164 31 .45* Gress SS bhe 2704 31 .85* Deon Seo ear 32e18* 4,0* __ 0.983 Boos Es. 22n67* Bao 0.983 BOO Ne Te.5: Boom eos Daiorees MOCO SM SteeO) i) A) Vesse2 0 ee 0.984 1500 820.5 35040 300 ___ 0.988 2000 1094.0 35 — 04 Pe 0.994 2500) 367/55 53.64 Pa) 0.996 3000 1641.0 BO AMS Bens 005 3500 1914.5 53.80 2nOe er 1.010 4000 2188.0 35.086 EEO. ay 1.015 4500 2461.5. 35092 _ ae 0 1.019 SOCOW IB 7S55e0 35096 SS 1.024 6000 3282.0 3405 15 O57 7000 _ 3829.0 34012 1.5 1.046 8000 __ 4376.0 34—19 1.5 1.056 - 49 - BOGOSLOF ISLAND. Bogoslof Island, the mystery island of the Bering Sea has long been the center of interest for the vessels of the Coast Guerd while on Seal Patrol.