: Sey comes : eer Sten ope apn Fe ee y 1 hath “Mad i, ay 4 ony UA ae ’ . AM Marae mii ny vant at “ MAAS sth ro) a halat eH vita nyhit ‘« ), CA a \ vi tit Hy RaRK RS ahve Weil ai i : mihi? WANA yt , ‘naan ' iW? ‘ati : . lly ahi ha ty Vitae Vy PE EN A a aN, yi heh RAG f NER HOST IS A ; ae tattle Vins iy ANH i ly RYAN NR MAYA TENS RON siete ot raieatlasi! F " ih citnsat at y area ni oy WIA i itis eo iy Ort Ad My) ne a Oh nN my } aN ai ( KA Hg PE ete Wy Hee sais nah : satay ‘* oF hse He oi av ae sitet Ws Hehe tH on i white dati i pata Bh ri ie rit i ae aye) i a \ Ace ee ae ‘gt i — ; ih an he i its a RH #) c Pathe yiogt ae MaRS thy if ai it nas Pays H Y MN atae ty LS a us yee) ah Vir nna . ‘4 { OT Ae ste Gy Hatt Yi y At KS ae i HR f ae Ore 09 © Total expenditures.............-..-00 2.20000 Receipts: Subscriptions of $100 and over..................... Subscriptions under $100.......................--. Contribution by City Councils..................... Sale floor space to commercial exhibitors............ Sale light and power to commercial exhibitors........ Sale of milk and contributions received at Show...... Sale of special advertising milk bottle caps.......... Miscellaneous receipts............--02-:s seer eee Motalyreceiptsaawwess ses esa eis oh sees eoiece de ehes Total deficit to be paid by guarantors.......... Through the kindness of Mr. WillB Hadley, chief accountant in the office of the City Controller, and Mr. Lorin C. Powers and Mr. A. F. Lindberg, of the Bureau of Municipal Research, who contributed their services, the accounts have been duly audited and found correct. 2,078.85 672.57 73.39 199.70 234.61 36.00 894.50 $10,801.77 7,216.61 $3,585.16 28 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Committee on Publicity Mr. Grorce W. Ocus, Chairman Dr. Jessre D. Burks, Secretary Mr. James S. Benn Mr. Hoop MacFarLanp Mr. W. C. Craic Mr. Lewis H. McLauesiin Mr. Artaur W. Dunn Mr. Louis Nuspaum Mr. Harrineton FitzGERALD Mr. Davin E. SMILEY Mr. Cuaries P. GARDE Mr. Roy Smita WALLACE Mr. Max HEeErnricr Mr. CHartes K. WESTON Mr. Harry WILSON The membership of this committee consisted of the city editors of all the news- papers and other members especially appointed for the purpose of taking charge of the advertising. In order to differentiate clearly between the similar duties of this committee and those of the committees on education and social organizations, these committees held joint meetings. As a result, it was decided by the executive committee that the duties of this committee should be to provide copy for the news- papers and to prepare for the advertising of the Show. In order to obtain the utmost publicity and to enlist the daily support of the newspapers, a letter was sent out to each paper requesting them to assign a par- ticular reporter to the Milk Show. The committee next employed Miss F. A. Dawson, the assistant secretary of the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, to act as the publicity agent of the Show. A stenographer was employed to help with this work, and copy was prepared daily for all the morning and evening papers and delivered to the reporters who had been assigned to this work. To secure news items the publicity agent attended meetings of the various committees and interviewed speakers and prominent visitors. Letters were sent to the speakers on the various programs, asking them to furnish in advance brief abstracts of their addresses, and much good material for the papers was secured in this way. Besides the newspaper copy prepared by this committee, additional copy was written for the country newspapers by the committee on dairy institutions and milk contests, and the committee on social organizations furnished material to many of the purely local newspapers and papers published in foreign languages. The news clippings on the Milk Show as preserved in the office of the executive secretary are known to be incomplete; no clippings at all are included from at least one of the well-known city papers; none of the papers printed in foreign languages or local ward papers are included; and many items published in foreign papers are also missing. An analysis, however, of the clippings at hand shows that in nine city papers there appeared one hundred and sixty-one different items which occupied about seventeen hundred and seventy linear inches of column space, or over one hundred and forty- seven feet. Seventy-five foreign papers (or those outside this city), in twenty- five states, published eighty-five items which occupied about five hundred and twelve inches of space, or over forty-two feet. The question concerning the most effective advertising for the Show was most important. The various methods considered by the committee are included in the list which follows, and those suggestions which are prefaced with an asterisk (*) were adopted by the executive committee as being most practicable and within the financial appropriation set aside for this committee: a eae =" > Gr © © 3 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 29 Publicity through the press: a. News matter in various city newspapers (including papers in foreign languages). b. Associated press notices. c. Advertising matter (possibly contributed by department stores). . Publicity through the churches: a. Notices and bulletins. b. Verbal notices by ministers to congregations. e. Printed matter for distribution to ministers. . Publicity through schools: a. Announcements by teachers. b. Small advertising cards for distribution by teachers to pupils. ce. Distribution of celluloid buttons to school children visiting the Show. . Large billboard posters in city and adjacent suburban districts. . Cards in show windows of stores. . Street cars: a. Advertising cards inside cars. b. Signs on fenders during week of Show. . Electric signs on City Hall. . Hand-bills and circulars (especially in foreign languages). . Social agencies. Statements explaining the purpose of the exhibit, with request for codperation of social workers in various social agencies and distribution of small advertising cards (especially in foreign languages). Hand-book or guide to the exhibition, explaining the significance of the various parts of the Show. Other printed matter. Leaflets and wall-cards for distribution, ex- plaining points of interest in the Milk Show. Special milk caps or tags. Request milk dealers to use milk caps or tags of special design on all milk bottles distributed during a specified period. Brief announcement slips advertising the Milk Show, the milk contests and the Dairy Institute to be sent to all farmers. Special school children’s day. A definite period reserved for pupils in upper grades. Sign at entrance over street. Pay day. One or more mornings, or a special day set apart for paid admissions. Baby day or baby week. Special attention directed to relation of milk or infant welfare through schools, churches, department stores, labor unions, moving picture shows, etc. Special pictorial design to be adopted for use on printed matter, hand- books, advertising placards, etc. Display cards to be posted on bulletin boards of suburban railroad sta- tions and in subway and elevated railway stations. 30 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW In addition to this publicity and advertising, much was accomplished through the publication of the preliminary announcement folder and also through notices which were sent out to about fifty of the country newspapers. The committee on publicity reported to the executive committee that one of the billposting companies would place seven hundred and fifty large billposters throughout the city for five hundred dollars, but it was decided that this expendi- ture would not be warranted in view of the fact that only one thousand dollars had been set aside for all advertising. It was, therefore, decided to put the stress of the advertising upon an issue of two hundred and fifty thousand small three- by five- inch cards which were printed on variously colored stock and in English, Yiddish, © Italian and Polish. The English cards read as follows: “Clean milk is one of the best and cheapest of all foods.” Philadelphia Milk Show By the Department of Public Health and Other Organizations May 20th to 27th —————— 809 Chestnut Street It’s Free if You Come It May Cost Your Health or Life if You Stay Away Take No Chances With Dirty Milk. Why All This Fuss About Milk? “ Whojever heard of a Milk Show? All milk looks alike to me.* ‘Yes, milk generally LOOKS clean because it’s white. if it were not white you could ee SEE dirt in it. <= hat harm will a little dit do, anywa Dirt in milk is dangerous. es re ccuses sickness and death. “How can we be sure thst our milk is clean when we buy it?” One way is to try it on a baby; if the baby dies, the milk is bad. A better way is to make sure that the Health Department does not allew your milkman to sell bad milk. “ Thea it’s ALL up to the Health Department, is it?” Not en your life; after you get the mill it’s up to you. Meny a perfectly good baby is killed by milk because mothers end servants are careless or don’t know encugh. It’s easy to keep milk CLEAN and COLD and SAFE if you know how. Come to the Milk Show and learn how. See the difference between good and bad mitk. See how the Health Department guards your heaith and Life every day. The Health Department will do more when everybody zaysa it must. BRING YOUR FRIENDS OR GET THEM TO BRING YOU. Through the codperation of the Board of Public Education, one hundred and ~ seventy thousand of these cards were distributed to all school children in the seventh 0 a eee ee SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 31 grade or above; and through the coéperation of the Children’s Bureau, the Arm- strong Association, the Home and School League, and other like institutions, seventy-five thousand more of the cards and thousands of the preliminary announce- ment folders were distributed in the poorer sections of the city where they would do the most good. For display advertising in the show windows of stores, upon the bulletin boards of subway, elevated and steam railway stations, and within street cars, two colored cards were prepared like the inserted illustrations. Through the courtesy of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company and The Car Advertising Company arrangements were perfected whereby cards were dis- played within street cars and in the advertising places in subway and elevated rail- way stations; and during the period of the Show, white linen signs measuring thirty-one inches by forty inches, printed in red, reading: FREE MILK SHOW 809 CHESTNUT STREET were tied to the fenders on the front of street cars. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the Philadelphia and Reading Rail- road Company likewise codperated, and had these cards posted on all stations within the city and in the adjacent suburban districts. The placing of the cards in various stores and shop windows was intrusted to a commercial advertising company. A process letter was sent to all the city milk dealers asking them to use special milk bottle caps and so advertise the Show. The letter read as follows: May 3, 1911 Dear Sir: You doubtless know of the Milk Show to be held in this city during the eight days, May 20-27. The purpose of the show is to create a demand among the people of Philadel- phia for the best milk that can be produced. The Show is therefore being planned “to enlighten; not to frighten.” In order that all of the producers may know of this Show, it has been suggested that much good would probably result if dealers would be kind enough to include a brief announcement slip in their monthly remittance letters to dairymen. We are therefore enclosing herewith a quantity of these announcement slips. Will you not favor us by helping to advertise the Show in this way? As a further means of advertising the Show, a milk cap of attractive design is to be provided for use by progressive dealers during the first days of the Milk Show and a few days preceding—eight days in all. The design is a shield on which appear a cow and a milk bottle. The only words on the cap are “‘Clean milk from cow to kitchen. Phila- ee Milk Show. Dobson Building, 809 Chestnut Street, May 20-27. Admission ree.” Will you use these caps on your bottles for eight days? They will be furnished at 15 cts. per thousand. Orders must be placed at once so that the caps may be ready for delivery at the time required. Please inform us as to the number you will require, with shipping directions. Very truly yours, JosEPH S. NEFF, Chairman. 32 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Arrangements were made with a dairy supply company to furnish these caps at regular market rates. The caps were printed in red as follows: Fifty thousand celluloid buttons, stamped with this same design, were dis- tributed to children visiting the Show. The attendance figures attest to the fact that the advertising was well done con- sidering the amount of money applicable to this purpose. Committee on Procuring Eahibits Dr. Lawrence F. Frick, Chairman Dr. Frank A. Crate, Secretary Dr. Marie L. Baver Dr. Pauu A. Lewis Dr. J. P. BetHau Dr. R. S. McComes Dr. C. C. BInGLEY Dr. J. W. McConneLu Dr. Jesse D. Burks Dr. J. H. McKeE Dr. A. A. CatRns Dr. C. J. MarsHaLn Dr. H. C. CampBeLi Dr. H. D. Martien Dr. Pau Cassipy Dr. K. F. Meyer Mr. D. C. CiEeae Dr. Caartes MontGoMERY Mr. Sypney L. Cosurn Dr. ArtHurR NEWLIN Dr. M. Luiszt Direv Dr. S. W. NEWMAYER Dr. H. B. FeEtton Dr. W. T. Rees Dr. Caarurs A. Fire Dr. Joun REICHEL Mr. P. P. GHEEN Dr. W. D. Rosinson Dr. W. S. GIMPER Dr. R. C. RosENBERGER Dr. J. C. Grrrines Dr. Frances R. SPRAGUE Dr. Mary W. Griscom Dr. James TALLEY Dr. SamueL McC. Hamiii Mr. Roy S. WatLace Dr. Epwarp B. Hones, JR. Dr. Jos—EPH WALSH Dr. Francis JACOBS Dr. Estoer M. WerYLE Dr. Joun A. Kotmer Dr. C. Y. WHITE Dr. Bertua LEwis Mr. Frank A. WIS Mr. Epwarp Woo.rman, JR. This committee was held responsible for procuring all the exhibits (whether educational or commercial) including the delivery of shipments to the exhibition rooms and, finally, the return of the same after the closing of the Show. GaudTaH SUAdVdSMAN AHL AVM AHL DNIMOHS ‘SUNITGVAH MGA V © EAS a aeiehes % a > : ; i ‘ 5 arp pee 2 an 40} adie Rpg Fur ieue pS Liaeee) INGO Uy preaidy dais eee | 08 5! ot vs : : : ue . S{LMOUD DIM HLIA : ydooxg dem Sag my my : : BS AYUU MUS All : : SISO MOUS WW ABoong qWysu97, HAIUOL e501 § a SOUS a KYCOL CaCUYRY. “wstary——kuldng appurpy oF SADR HU UD eeCRUEMCSE eee Omron <9 MY 02 JRO SySejr4 at mays Ag, : “OMANI MO SUADNVCE Al SE wilt : IN MILK SUPPLY Unique Exhibition Seeks Educate Public to Safeguard Fiuid. MANY DEVICES SHOWN Inspection in City Which Con- sumes 180,000,000 Quarts Yearly Irepomible. 4 CONSUMERS CAN HELP Director Neff in Address Shows Manner in Which Pood Is Adalterated. DS THE PHILADELPHIA RECORD SF EXPERTS T0 SPEAK AT OP. DRY WSTTUTE Will Be Held in-Connextion With Municipal Milk Stow WIDE RANGE OF TOPICS JHENORTHAMETRICAN 2500 Lay Books Aside and Study Exhibits of Unique Show. PERILS OF THE INFANTS An Erslnent Physician Warns ‘ Against Too Much Fat in Their Mile Pood. THE PHILADELPHIA RECORD © NEW ATTRACTIONS AD THE WILK SHOW Dairy Institute Wil Open To day With Exhibit of Live Cattle « INCREASED ATTENDANCE Government Expert Tells How to Care for Mille in House- holds, THE PHILADELPHIA RECORD) V FARMERS INTERESTED IN DAIRY INSTITUTE SAR Sessions Held at U. of P. Veteri- nary Buildings in Connection With Milk Show WASTE IS DENOUNCED HE NORTH AMERICAN: BO INTEREST GROWS BIN MILK CRUSADE Purification of Supply Discussed by Experts in Various Lines. CIVIC CLUB PROGRAM Dairy Institute Opens Ite Ses: sions With Addresses on Important Topics. Tf PINLADELPHIA RECORD He SS cLENELINO NN SET WILK SHO THS SINNER PLaTE V Unique Display to Edv- cate Consumers “PLEASES REYBURN; > PRAISES OBJECT "Shands for Clean Homes and Well- fod Bables,” Asserts Agticultural Department Will Give Medals to Farmers for High Grade Products, : The Faye. ress, PY CALLS UNCLEAN MILK A SLAYER OF INFANES Delicate Stomach of Child Un- able to Resist Poison, Doctor Says “TLE NORTHAMERIOAN DAY FOR MOTHERS AT MILK EXHIBIT More Than 8000 Persons Attend Instruction Show on Sun- day Afternoon, Be DONTS’ FORTHE PUBLIC IN THE CARE OF MILK Leaflets Distributed by Thousands Clinch Instructions ‘of Big Stow JANGERS OF INFECTION pecific Warnings Telt Just How First Local Exbitition Unquall- fied Success Furnichiag Instruc tion to. 120,000 Peroas. The FS. Press. WHERE THE FAULT LIES Conditions Now Existing Said to Be Responsible for Brg Mortality THENORTH AMERICAN PURE MILK SHOW READY FOR ITS PUBLIC OPENING The Evening Cimes Sanitary Exhibits By National and “Stats Commission Are Placed on View 2 The Lvcning Cimes & at HARD WORK FOR MILK SHOW CHTY-QUGHT-TO-TEST AND PASTEDRIZE ITS MILK, DOCTOR SAYS Dealers, Too, Should Be Made Responsible, Is Urged THE FLY DANGER THE NORTH AMERICAN BXPERTS DISCUSS MILK REGULATION Disagree on Question of Bring- ing the Cow Back to the City. DAIBY. LICENSES Report of Philadelphia’ Cominus- sion Reviewed ad General- fy Commended. tie PHILADELPIA RECORD) PRIZES FOR PURITY AWARDED AT PHILA, MILK SHOW TODAY Silver Cups and Certtflestes Gives A FEW HEADLINES, VALUE OF THE EXHIBIT PHILADELPMIA RECORD CONSUMERS ott SANITARY WAY TO SELL MILK Se Milk Show Opens With Large Physicians Will Tell Mothers How to Assure Little Ones Un- adulterated Food CONSIDER MILK PROBLEM. — EXPRATS MART AT PRILADIEIMEN IL SHOW. National Campaign tar Clean MUR WH ee Iemegurated by Meat THE METROPOLIS ns Duty to Attendance of Users and Dealers ees T A R LECTURES ARE TO BE GIVEN EACH DAY i MILK SHOW OPENS DAIRY INSTITUTE Course of Lectures and Interest- ing Exhibition of Cattle at the University. HEALTH OFFICERS HOLD CONFERENCE Experts from Many Citles Dis- cuss Various Plans of Im- proving Dairy Conditions. The GS». Press, Dirty Milk and the Tnfint Se HE LE M VISIT MILK SHOW Moving Pictures Illustrate Lec- tures on Growth of Bacteria and the House Fly. The MBL p ress, DOCTORS CONFER TO PROTECT MILK One Day Devoted to Demon: fing Need of Pure ~~ uct for Babies, SUNDAY THRONGS AT THE MILK SHOW Thousands Taught the Necessity of Keeping the Fluid Pare and Clean, LESSONS FOR CHILDREN fees m Pennsylvania Railroad Exhib& Showa Latest in Cara for Dairy Products, THE PILLADELPHIA RECORD B MILK SHOW ATTRACTS NATIONAL ATTENTION # in We Tae fur a We H The Intelligencer. BS WIL AVARO MEDALS WITH THE AID OF MILK Woman at Big Show Does Won ders With the Fluid TELLS OF ITS WORTH One Quart Is Equal to Three quarters of a Pound of Reet JHE NORTIAMERICAN Plans Provide Special Days for} Yiddish, Potieh and Italian “MILK SHOW FACTS TOLD IN YIDDISH TO SUNDAY CROWDS TO MILK PRODUCER Never Equaled in Detail LIKE EDUCATIONAL PART THE NORTILAMERICAN RECORD ATTENDANCE ON MILK SHOW'S LAST DAY The Evening Cimes LIVE CATTLE USED IN DEMONSTRATING DAIRY SANITATION Commissions of the Country in Congress Here to Lower eicuallly ae S T A R THOUSAND PUPILS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS VISIT MILK SHOW Special Dairy Exhibit ts Arranged 2 Sairecsty For Farmers® Day Ghe Evening Cimes PURE MILK PRIZES AWARDED TODAY Show to Close Tonight Success ful iy Every Way Except Financially, ATTENDED BY THRONGS Grest Step Forward tn Obtsin- ing Better Supply for the City, PHLADELPHIA RECORD SHOWING THE WAY THE NEWSPAPERS HELPED The Evening Cimes w The Evening Times By Arriugements Made for anoog, School Children to Visir the Coming Exhibit OFFICERS CONFER ON MILK SUPPLY : Women's Day at Philadelphia Show Marked By Throngs From Out of Town Clubs Dy AUTHORITY EXPLAINS SANE USE OF \PASTEURIZATION: xv SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 33 In planning the work of this committee, a proposed list of exhibits was pre- pared, similar classes of exhibits being grouped together. Subcommittees were next appointed, each of which was made responsible for the procuring of all the exhibits of one general class: Cuass A. Modern laboratory equipped with apparatus used in the examina- tion of milk. Demonstration of methods; effect of temperature on bacterial growth. Methods of examining milk to show accurate and well-applied tests of milk; chemical and physical qualities; adulterations, alterations, and impurities of every sort. Cuass B. Reproduction of model stable and reproduction of a poor stable. Exhibit of tuberculosis in cattle. Exhibits from the United States Government. Exhibit by the producers of certified milk. Pyramid of bottles in iced cases to be renewed each day, and to have next to it a stand from which certified milk is sold at the market price. Exhibit of model of Neill-Roach Farms, Louisville, Ky., and French Brothers’ Farm, Cincinnati, Ohio. Exhibit from railroad companies, plans and photographs of refrigerator cars and icing stations. Cuass C. Charts of milk-borne epidemics of typhoid fever and other infectious diseases (Bureau of Health). Exhibits of New York Milk Committee and the Modified Milk Society. Graphic demonstration of relative value of various food products as compared with milk. Exhibit from New York Department of Health. Exhibit from Department of Health, state of Maryland. Exhibits from other states and cities. Infant mortality in relation to milk. Red light flash indicating infant mortality death-rate (after the plan used at the Baltimore Conference on Infant Mortality). Cuass D. Methods of taking samples by city milk inspectors, and forwarding the same to the laboratory. Demonstration of proper methods of capping, mark- ing and dating bottles. Cuass E. Demonstration of proper and inexpensive means of preserving milk in the home. Cuass F. Demonstration of visible dirt in milk and its composition by means of separators. Butter and cheese exhibits and appliances used in manufacturing them. Methods of manufacturing ice cream. Dairy equipment and appliances. Crass G. Exhibit of Veterinary Department, University of Pennsylvania (tuberculosis). Cuass H. Moving pictures of milk and handling milk on bad dairy farms and on good dairy farms. Photographs of milk wagons and receiving stations. Photo- graphs of the interior of places in which milk is sold. Photographs of places in which ice cream is made. Cuass I. Commercial exhibits. The chairmen of these subcommittees were each made individually responsible for the securing of the exhibits included in their respective classes; their receipt 3 34 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW at the railroad stations or delivery to the exhibition rooms; and the proper return shipment after the Show. Each chairman had the privilege of appointing as many associate members as needed. The first point to be determined was that concerning the general character of the exhibits in each class, and, in this regard, the committee was careful lest some exhibit should be made which would disgust visitors with milk as a beverage, al- though it was desirous that exhibits should be made with the idea of impressing on visitors the importance of clean milk. The approximate amount of floor space required for each exhibit was next estimated by the subcommittees and reported to the main committee. After consulting the floor plans of the exhibition rooms, _ as drawn by the architects, the floor space asked for was at once assigned to each subcommittee in accordance with the amount of floor space available, at the same time, attempting to keep the exhibits in a rational sequence. After consultation with the committee on arrangements in general, it was decided that this committee should be responsible for the transfer of exhibits to the exhibition rooms from the railroad stations and for the return of the exhibits after the Show. Specific shipping directions were furnished to all exhibitors. Shippers were instructed to attach an envelope to each shipment, containing a description of the contents and explicit instructions regarding the handling of the exhibit, a duplicate of this description and instructions to be forwarded to the com- mittee on arrangements in general. (See committee on arrangements in general, p. 23.) Dates were set for the receipt, installation and removal of exhibits. Esti- mates were prepared of the number and kind of counters, tables, railings, etc.; water, gas, and electricity connections; and the specifications of posters and signs required, and the committee on arrangements in general notified to provide the same. Commercial exhibitors were charged fifty cents a square foot for floor space and all commercial exhibits were carefully censored. The following letter was sent to prospective exhibitors in this class: May 2, 1911 Dear Sirs: As the letter indicates, a Milk Show is to take place at 809 Chestnut Street, from May 20th to May 27th. We have a certain amount of space for commercial exhibits and would be glad to hear from you if you wish to exhibit. The charge for space will be fifty cents per square foot. Since the amount of space is limited, it would be worth while applying as soon as possible. Yours very truly, JoszerpH WatsH, 732 Pine Street, Chairman Committee on Commercial Exhibits. Accompanying this letter was a blank or contract, to be used in applying for space, and on the reverse side, the regulations regarding commercial exhibits. (For reprint, see appendix E on p. 106.) One of the commercial exhibits was so heavy that it could not safely be installed with the remaining commercial exhibits on the second floor and it was, therefore, installed in the lecture hall on the first floor of the adjoining building. Certain privileges were conceded to commercial exhibitors; namely, milk dealers asked to be allowed to give a glass of milk to each visitor; an exhibitor of cheese and butter — wished to give away samples on crackers; and another exhibitor of milk-chocolate wished to give away samples of his products. No commercial exhibitor was allowed to sell samples. SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 35 Committee on Lectures and Demonstrations Dr. J. T. Rueu, Chairman Dr. E. J. C. BEARDSLEY Dr. Epwarp B. Hopes, Jr. Dr. W. N. Bravery Dr. H. R. M. Lanois Dr. Warp Brinton Dr. THropore LEBourtILuIER Dr. J. D. BrirrrncHam Dr. C. J. MarsHaru Dr. ALEXANDER Davisson Dr. H. Brooxer Mixts Dr. H. Kennepy Hitt Dr. Maurice Ostarimrer Dr. Jonn F. Srvciarr The duties of this committee were to prepare the program of daily lectures and to provide demonstrators to explain the various exhibits. Several of the speakers whom this committee desired to secure for addresses, were also desired by the com- mittee on dairy institutes and milk contests and the committee on the conference of health officers. These three committees therefore held joint conferences and all the programs were worked out so that no conflicts of appointments occurred. For example, arrangements were perfected so that a speaker, desired by all three committees, could address the Conference of Health Officers in the morning, the Milk Show in the afternoon and the Dairy Institute the following morning. When necessary, the expenses were paid of speakers coming from a distance. A few days before the opening of the Show, copies of the printed programs were sent to all presiding officers of meetings and all speakers with the name and date underscored as a reminder of such engagements. A schedule of hours covering the entire Show was arranged and capable dem- onstrators were provided at all times to take groups of visitors around the Show rooms, answer questions and speak about the salient points of the various exhibits. On Sunday one of the demonstrators gave explanations in Yiddish. Demon- strators were paid the nominal sum of one dollar an hour for their services. This committee succeeded in gathering together a notable list of speakers who delivered a most interesting series of addresses, and the great educational value of the verbal explanations of the exhibits was evidenced by the large crowds that thronged the booths when the demonstrators were explaining objects and processes. Committee on Conference of Health Officers Mr. Joun A. VoGuErson, Chairman Dr. A. C. Assort Dr. W. L. Coriin Dr. A. A. Carrns Dr. D. BrapEn KYLE Dr. JoserH S. NEFF This committee was charged with the preparation of arrangements for the Conference of Health Officers to discuss the report of the Philadelphia Milk Com- mission. The Hotel Bellevue-Stratford was secured as a meeting place and a program prepared, copies of which were mailed to all the health officers of Penn- sylvania, Maryland, New Jersey and Delaware, and the large cities throughout the country. The complete program is given in appendix B on p. 87. 36 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Committee on Education Mr. ALEXANDER M. Witson, Chairman Dr. Martin G. BRuMBAUGH Dr. CHaruEs A. Fire Dr. WALTER S. CoRNELL Mr. Wituram A. STECHER Owing to the brief period of time before the opening of the Show, the labors of this committee were concentrated upon the preparation of a-series of educational leaflets for free distribution at the Show; the printing of the program and a pam- phlet containing the members of committees and lists of patronesses; and the per- fection of arrangements whereby the school children in the higher grades could attend the Show. This committee was not in favor of the publication of an extensive hand-book for the exhibition, but recommended that separate leaflets on different subjects relating to milk be prepared, believing that these leaflets would be more suitable because of both the shortness of the time which was available for the preparation and the necessary large expense in the publication of a book. In addition to the work done by the members of this committee in the prepara- tion of the leaflets, invaluable help was rendered by Dr. E. G. Marshall, Dr. Alonzo E. Taylor, Dr. Alfred Hand, Dr. Joseph S. Neff, Dr. Edwin E. Graham and Mr. Porter R. Lee. The leaflets are reprinted in full, in appendix D, p. 92. The main idea followed in the preparation of these educational leaflets was to obtain an attractive, interesting and authentic series of truths on all the various phases of the milk problem, so composed and printed that the public would take them home and read them. ‘These leaflets were standardized as to size and com- position, and were punched so that, with the cover that was provided, the entire collection could be bound together with a string for safe keeping. The cover was prepared of fairly heavy cardboard and served, when the leaflets were included, as a hand-book of the exhibit, containing in brief, clear language the principal lessons to be learned from the various exhibits and addresses. During the period of the exhibition two hundred and forty-five thousand of these leaflets of strictly educational nature were distributed, costing three hundred and ninety-eight dollars. ‘Twenty-five thousand programs were printed and dis- tributed at a cost of sixty-seven dollars, and ten thousand of the special leaflets, containing the members of committees and lists of patronesses, at a cost of one hundred and twenty-six dollars. Since it was impossible to estimate with any degree of accuracy previous to the opening of the Show, how many of the various leaflets would be required, it was necessary to give the committee the authority to order them as required. This committee recommended that the following statement should be printed in the program exculpating the Milk Show from responsibility in connection with any declarations which might be made by commercial exhibitors: Although the Philadelphia Milk Show has tried to censor the commercial ex- hibits properly, it cannot hold itself responsible for statements or opinions expressed by commercial exhibitors, nor particularly recommend their products above other similar ones. One of the most valuable accomplishments of this committee was the arrange- ment with the Board of Public Education and the street railway company, whereby : 4 i ' SUvo LHAULS ONIAVET YALAV ANIT AIANOd NI GANUOH AAHL ‘“MOHS AHL ONILISIA STOOHOS ALIO WOU SYHHLOW ATLLIT YGdASaJaT, SUIMaI”,, 947 fO KSazAnoD TA AIWTy SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 37 it was made possible for all the school children in the seventh and eighth grades to attend the Show. Through the kindness of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Com- pany, these children were transported free in special cars. The method of handling the children on coming to the Show was most carefully planned. All children were accompanied by their teachers and were kept in double line, entering the exhibition by the main front entrance and leaving by the rear exits. Their progress through the exhibition rooms was necessarily somewhat hurried, but, even so, it is probable that they absorbed many lessons and in many cases upon their return home interested their parents to the point of attending the Show. It was generally desired that all the children see the moving pictures, yet this proved to be impossible, as the lecture hall seated only about three hundred and fifty and between two and three thousand children visited the Show each afternoon from one to three o’clock. Since it took twenty minutes to display one film and ten minutes to fill and empty the hall, making thirty minutes in all, it was obviously impossible to have all the children see these pictures, so the only thing to be done was to fill the hall with as many children as possible. Regarding the distribution of the educational leaflets during the Show, the method followed was to give copies of all the leaflets to every visitor. During the first two days much of this literature was thrown aside in the show rooms and woe- fully wasted. It was deemed advisable, however, to continue to distribute this literature as had been started, even though much was wasted, believing that, the wider the circulation of these educational leaflets, the more good would ultimately result. This policy proved to be well founded, for as the Show progressed and the community began to realize its great value, the leaflets were eagerly accepted and preserved. In fact, the demand for the leaflets was so great that, for brief periods on certain of the heaviest days, the supply was exhausted before additional quanti- ties could be secured from the printers. The waste which had been so apparent at the start of the Show was entirely lacking at the close. In addition to the educational leaflets, a supply of an instructive wall placard was kindly furnished by the Russell Sage Foundation for free distribution. This placard, portraying in parallel columns contrasting conditions in the production, handling, distribution, and use of milk, is reproduced on the plate facing p. 38. Committee on Dairy Institutions and Milk Contests _ Dr. Louris A. Kuetn, Chairman Me. A. B. Huzy Mer. Frank Titus Dr. C. M. Serrzer Mr. Henry WooLmman The chief duties of this committee were the preparation of a program for the three days’ sessions of the Dairy Institute; the making of arrangements for the meetings of the Institute; the installation of an exhibit showing, under the same roof, good and bad types of dairy stables; the composition of copy concerning the 38 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Milk Show and the Dairy Institute for country newspapers; and the arrangements for holding the milk and cream contests. The program for the Dairy Institute was easily arranged by correspondence, after this committee had consulted with the committee on lectures and demonstra- tions and the committee on conference of health officers so that no conflicts would ensue. The complete program is reprinted as appendix C on p. 89. The Veterinary School of the University of Pennsylvania was an ideal meeting place for the Institute, since it was easy of access, commodious lecture rooms were available, and the courtyard furnished the necessary space for the reproduction of the dairy stables. The Dairy Institute, including a description of the stables, is reported in detail on p. 47. This committee also completed all the details and arrangements for holding the milk and cream contests. Dr. George M. Whitaker, chief of the Dairy Divi- sion of the United States Department of Agriculture, was secured as judge of awards and to have general supervision over the contests. Entry blanks fer each of the four classes, (1) certified milk, (2) certified cream, (3) market milk, and (4) market cream, were printed. (For reprint of these entry blanks refer to appendix F on p. 108.) A supply of addressed shipping tags for use in forwarding milk samples was also provided. (For reproduction of tag, see plate facing p. 16.) Small three- by five-inch notices were also printed calling particular attention to the Dairy Institute to be held at the Veterinary School of the University of Pennsylvania. (See plate facing p. 16.) The names and addresses of over five thousand Carus shipping milk to Phila- delphia were secured from the Division of Milk Inspection of the Bureau of Health and entry blanks for the market milk and cream contests were mailed to each pro- ducer. Enclosed in each envelope, besides the two entry blanks, were two shipping tags, a notice of the Dairy Institute and a preliminary announcement folder of the Milk Show. In addition, a supply of entry blanks for the certified milk and cream contests, with shipping tags and other literature, was mailed to all the secretaries of the certified milk commissions throughout the country with a letter reading: May 3, 1911. Dear Doctor: We enclose herewith several entry blanks for certified milk and cream for the milk contests to be held in Philadelphia in connection with the Milk Show, May 20th to 27th. Will you be kind enough to place one copy of each form of entry blank in the hands of those persons producing certified milk under the supervision of your commission? Very truly yours, Louis A. Kirn, Chairman of Commitiee. The results of the milk and cream contests are reported in detail on p. 48. DIRTY! Zs alice A Sa Peas ean 17 Ud %* Za 4 lé , i- VII EDUCATIONAL PLATE RUSSELL SACE FOUNDATION. DEPT OF CHILD HELPING. 10S EAST 22%! ST. MY: SIZE OF DRAWING, 934 INCHES BY 15 INCHES PLACARD DISTRIBUTED TO VISITORS. FURNISHED BY RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION Ltr. SF oat l re fi ce SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 39 Committee on Social Organizations Mr. J. Prentice Murpuy, Chairman Mr. Cuartes T. Waker, Secretary Me. JoserH Bartitucct Mrs. Epwin C. Gricre Mr. Henry H. BonnELi Mr. James Hickey Mrs. R. R. P. Braprorp Mr. B. F. Les, JR. Me. JoserpH Di SILVvEsTRO Miss Marcaret Leaman Rev. J. P. Durry Rass B. L. Leventsan Rev. H. L. Dusrine Mrs. Louis C. Maprrra Mr. Joun T. EMLEn Miss Katsaerine MELLEY Mr. Tuomas S. Evans Miss Laura N. Puatt Mrs. W. W. Frazier Miss Fiorence L. SANVILLE Rev. Cari E. GRaMMER Mr. Epwin D. SoLENBERGER It was necessary that this committee should work harmoniously with the com- mittee on publicity and on education and should be kept informed of the plans of these two committees, for the reason that much of the work covered closely related phases of the same field. This committee therefore held several joint meetings with these committees, otherwise there would probably have resulted much dupli- cation of effort. This committee at the start instituted a very active campaign with the various social organizations in the city, in order that through them the great mass of working people might be notified of the exhibit and urged to attend. To enlist the support and to secure the endorsement of the Milk Show movement by the various hospitals, day nurseries, social clubs, and other charitable organiza- tions, a process letter including a preliminary announcement folder and two of the small advertising cards was sent out to the officers and directors of such institutions. The letter read as follows: May 15, 1911 Dear Sir: The enclosed preliminary announcement will explain the purpose of an exhibition which is to be given as a means of educating the public to the necessity for producing and handling milk in a sanitary manner and the value of good milk as a food in the home. By direction of the executive committee I am writing you for the purpose of securing the endorsement of your society in our general plan and possibly the aid which you can render in the promotion of this codperation. To this end we are asking permission to use your name as one of the codperating agencies which are actively interested in the pro- motion of such an educational exhibit. Willi you kindly give this request your immediate attention and the possibilities of the Show wide publicity and let me have your answer at the earliest moment? Believe me, Very truly yours, (Signed) J. Prentice Murpsry. After careful discussion as to the various ways and means whereby the social organizations in the city could be used most effectively as distributing centers for information concerning the Milk Show in order to drive home the principles back of the Show, it was decided that the problem of reaching the large foreign popula- tion could best be handled by appointing subcommittees to take charge of this work. For example, one of these subcommittees was able definitely to reach all the Italians and Jews, thereby explaining the purpose of the Show and disarming the recently arrived emigrant of any misgivings concerning the Show. Certain members of this committee were in close touch with all of the Jewish and Italian newspapers and supplied material for their columns, and copy was also supplied to certain other papers which are printed in various parts of the city and which are strictly local in their character. Another subcommittee was in touch with the associations of neighborhood workers (which included all the settlements of Philadelphia) and the 40 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Philadelphia Association of Day Nurseries. Through these two agencies alone, many thousands of mothers were reached. Another member of the committee was associated with certain trade organizations and also reached several of the social clubs for girls. - Committee on Patronesses and Aides Mrs. Tatcorr WinuiaMms, Chairman Miss GerrrupEe E. Lerpy, Secretary Mrs. Cyrus ALDER Mes. WituiamM F. JEnKs Mrs. Jasper Y. BRINTON Mrs. Wittiam M. Kerr Mrs. Epwarp P. Davis Mrs. R. Tarr McKenzizn Miss Henrietta B. Ey Mrs. James P. McNicnon Mrs. Cuancettor C. ENGLISH Mrs. Grorce WHARTON PEPPER Mrs. Epwarp Brercuer Finck Miss Frances A. WISTER Mrs. Epwin C. Grice Mrs. OwEn WISTER The chief duties of this committee were to enlist the support and coéperation of the various hospitals and to attend to the distribution of the educational leaflets at the exhibition rooms. To this end, the committee sent out a process letter and a reply post card to hospital aid societies asking for their codperative support and also to a selected list of ladies inviting them to act as patronesses. This letter read as follows: Dear Mapam: Realizing the value of pure milk to all hospitals and institutions, the officers and directors of the Philadelphia Milk Show, to be held May 20th to 27th, at 809-813 Chest- nut Street, request the honor of using the names of the members of your committee as patronesses of the Philadelphia Milk Show. Your prompt acceptance will be greatly appreciated, as it is the desire of those in charge to publish the names of your committee as indorsing the necessity of pure milk for Philadelphia. If your board does not meet before May 12th, could you not ask on the telephone the consent of sufficient members to authorize you to permit the use of their names, so that your board can be represented among the patronesses? Sincerely yours, Mrs. Tatcott WILLIAMs, 916 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Chairman, Committee on Patronesses and Aides. We trust that all patronesses will appreciate the importance of this exhibit to farmers, gardeners, dairymen, cooks, child-nurses, and those entrusted with the care of milk and other foods, restaurant and boarding-house keepers, and employees of soda fountains, etc. It is hoped that a concerted effort will be made to secure their attendance. During the week of the Show, this committee performed most valuable service in distributing the educational literature at the exhibition rooms. Each day was assigned to the particular charge of one of the patronesses who acted as chairman for the day, and she in turn selected such aides to help as were needed. The duties of the aides consisted in arranging in order sets of ten different leaflets, with a program of the lectures, which were placed within cover folders and handed to all visitors as they came in the entrance. The aides wore badges and a certain num- ber were on hand at all times throughout the week to help with this work. The record, illustrated on the following page, showing the assignments of the different days was prepared on a large chart and was hung up in the literature booth on the first floor which was used exclusively by this committee during the Show. 41 SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES ‘Inoy pue Avp yove Sump Aynp Uo sea oY ZurMoys ‘soovds rodoad ur Uoz}IIM O1oM SOple puv Sossouorjyed Jo souleN + CF X ,0E JNoge ozig -qaeyo JUOMIUSISSY Wd OL ‘Wd OL ‘W ‘d 6 ‘Wd 6 ‘W ‘dg ‘W ‘dQ Wad) ‘Wd J Wa 9g ‘Wd 9 ‘Wd G ‘Wd G¢ ‘Wd f ‘Wd f ‘Wd ¢ ‘Wd ¢ ‘W ‘dG ‘Wd % ‘W ‘dT ‘Wd T ‘W O6L ‘W 61 ‘WV II ‘WV IL ‘W‘V OL ‘WV OL ee NVWUIVHD) ATIVG ATIVG L& AVN AVCUOLVS 96 AVIN AVGIY GB AVIN AVaSuOH PS AVIN AVGSUNGH AA 63 AVIN AVGS@O J, yey) juowmusissy soplyy pue Sossouorje f uo 99] WU“) 66 AVIN AVGNO/ 1% AVN XVGNOG 0% AVIA AVGUOLYS PART THREE eneral Description ae pls | Ne ° Wt i GNNOUDAUNOA NI MTN AO ATVS WOH HLOOA LHOIM NO wOCIaAOO LISVaU Ad ODNINYNALAY LAAT NO YOCTAAOO LSAM NMOC GUSSVd SHOLISIA “WOOT LSAUlW AO LOUdSV TVAANASD ONIAIO MAIA IIIA aALvId iy NV) MISTS ORL GU Oy E ODGUNIID “Huo NI G NOILOGS LHHT NO & NOILOUS “LHOTY NO GNNOUD ONTATING AO UVAN GCUVMOL ONIMOOT ‘WOOTH LSUIN NO WOCIMMOO LSAM HO MUIA TVUANAD XI divig LHSIa NO &% NOILOAS ‘LHAT NO GNONOUD -AUOA NI 2 NOILOAS “ONIGTINd AO UVAA GAVMOL ONINOOT WOOT LSA NO WOCTAAOD LSVA HO MAIA TVAANAD X ALVIg TN MIVISINON = D3 AMIVO O7a14HIVAs * CGO pe Lhe Oxvcilove Cone of the Lrbwa Aphia Mille Dhow EG, (ZZ esti lhe honouref youry WV ESEVOCE’ AYN GpivaleVieuof lhe Cxhilition nM caf lernoonof- Teiday the nin dente of - May aindleentuntrod and devow from hrveete fiver doch 809-811-819 Oh nut Lol PLATE XI FULL SIZE ENGRAVED INVITATION TO PRIVATE VIEW, HELD DAY BEFORE PUBLIC OPENING * 2S eo PART THREE General Description Milk Show The buildings occupied by the Milk Show were attractively decorated with the national colors and a large sign stretching across the front above the entrance, reading, THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW To Enlighten—Not To Frighten At night, a large electric sign, reading, MILK SHOW was used, showing in both directions on the street. In front of the adjoining lecture hall were signs giving the hours of the lectures and of the moving pictures. Friday afternoon, May 19th, a private view of the exhibits was held. Approxi- mately nineteen hundred engraved invitations were mailed to all members of City Councils, judges of the courts, principal officials of the different municipal depart- ments, the Philadelphia representatives in the State and National Government, members of Milk Show committees, guarantors, contributors known at the time of mailing, newspaper men, and principals and teachers of the higher grade schools. On Saturday morning, May 20th, at 10 o’clock, the doors were thrown open to the general public. The exhibit was kept open daily from 10 a. m. until 10 P. M., with the exception of Sunday, when the doors were not opened until 1 p.m. On the following Saturday evening the exhibition closed, after having been visited by over one hundred and ten thousand six hundred persons, the daily attendance being as follows: 45 46 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Saturday, Miay, SOP 9. Wie 2 ei ose Ae Geyer a ay seek en ane eae ret 9,619 pSLoTaVo Chien dh) EKA V oaese amy Mearicaens anh MUMIA Me ANG Bieler cos deatm: ob chia" onc! 0 2,200 Monday, Miay 22) 80k oe er aoe ok ay Scbalr ae ap abs le cee htact ce cee ee mm es AL MPuesda ys pNEaVvies voces eel tse aes ouchd ps tava ove a cranaa ie gears eae ae 15,095 Wednesday, May 24.......... TAD Sa UR EO Re (RTE el NESS EN ee a oe EAR 17,603 MU Tauireschavy Peay BB i eel oe Se SRE rea LM ieee NY Sore a tee 17,172 2 Priday Nay OOo oe ec pe INC OG ORT ek Ne 16,272 Sapam ay viN Wag aie ia ie Ue Cua eee ce eee ee 17,849 Mba Ns.) Mery Sls cae hs COC ek 110,681 The exhibition was supplemented by free lectures at noon, in the afternoons, and evenings, dealing with various phases of the milk question, and moving picture films on “The Man Who Learned” and “The Fly,’ which were given at the be- ginning and the close of each lecture. For subjects and speakers, see complete program in appendix A on p. 84. Before the lecture and moving picture performance in the adjoining lecture hall, a crier with a megaphone went through the exhibition rooms announcing the subject and the speaker and urging visitors to attend. ‘The lectures and moving pictures were also announced on a bulletin board and several large signs which were placed at conspicuous points. No figures are available showing the actual attendance at the lectures, but they were well attended notwithstanding the fact that very hot weather prevailed. In fact, the attendance at both the Show and lectures far surpassed the most sanguine expectations. Numerous requests were received asking the executive committee to keep the Show open for a longer period, but this was not thought advisable, since all agreements and contracts, with guarantors, speakers, exhibitors, tradesmen, etc., had been made for the stated period ending May 27th. Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers The sessions of the Conference of Health Officers were not less interesting and instructive. The Philadelphia Record in reporting the Conference says: Health officials from every section of the country met yesterday at the Bellevue- Stratford and spent the entire day exchanging views as to what can be done to regulate and protect the milk supplies of large cities and discussing the recommendations of the Philadelphia Milk Commission with regard to regulations for this city. The meeting was held under the auspices of the Philadelphia Department of Public Health and Charities, which desired expressions of opinion from experts from other sec- tions of the country before attempting to embody the report in practical legislation. Copies of the report were sent a month ago to those invited to participate, with the request that they give it their careful consideration, and be prepared to comment upon it at the meeting. An almost unqualified indorsement of the report by the visiting experts was the result, with here and there a doubt as to whether certain proposed regulations could be enforced. Following the morning session, the delegates were taken in automobiles to the — new Municipal Hospital for Contagious Diseases as the guests of the Director of the Department of Public Health and Charities. After an inspection of the IX ALv1Id {a2 -2 “wore vawssnonvaad ‘soaQg wyHand SANOH Hsnad OWNIANA ALG WoO =aAe) OL GHAaAINDZA DBAABM ‘OLA ‘SAAdIAH ‘Wawadld ‘VAWAD11IO0d ‘LVNVANULLY ‘SaOLYaALGNOWId JAAOW BONVOWSLLY 6rel.1 2La2aol ANYVE Ol reece. COO KX XO BI x BIOBOOS : sect : } Ox S2seeeaeeee : ‘ os = x S QD 22 ore “ Te > : al ing Fie EA peers &t . == (Out of 1000 Bi folowing qumber | [Out of 1000 Births. the He € Ghildren will die in their Fl a the various countries rm the CIVILIZED WORL Compile from the averages for GN : ee ATHS DEATHS {UNDER AYEAR TO UNDER LYEAK / COU N TRY {1000 BIRTHS ACTUAL HUMBER loa c . 326 | 30303 : © Russia (EuroPEAN) | 263 298245 Austria i 222 | 200.553 RoumaniaA — 218 | 49.589 _ Huncary | 2l2 | 154, 100 _ German EMPIRE | 197 | 374153 mi _ JAMAICA 7 fof Le : | ' ae LT, Gees Watch thelight flash! UNITED STATES 165 280.000 AT EVERY FLASH “fraty | 161 | 83.970 _Beccium | 154 = 28,499 A BABY DIES ce | : ee as oe - a LEAN RI ELBE. | FRANCE | | (48 115378 : Butcaria | (44 23,757 . CanaDA | 140 ~~ 8.200 — — Cee ge / 39 147660 ae every a a _ SWITZERLAND -/328 Ie44l 510 ae Day HoLLano 138 19.209 . FINLAND 133 = 10.877 8055600 every Year. Western Austratia fee — ess : ONE HALF OF THIS Loss New Sours Wares 99 : 3.745 : os Preventable. 1 VICTORIA (98 2.299 Sweden | 96 (1, 9I7 QueeNsLAND 94 ~~ = 4F,120 TASMANIA 1 O3 433 Sourn Austraua 93 608 Norway | 86. | 4.231 New Zeatann. =| 76_—C | 2.233 GRAND TOTAL 3243958 This Means A Baby Dies In The Civilized World Every 10 Seconds. 7 WATCH THE LIGHT FLASH! 3 7 PLATE XV STREET SHOW WINDOW ON RIGHT OF ENTRANCE RED ELECTRIC LIGHT FLASHING TO SHOW INFANT DEATH RATE AND CHART INFANT MORTALITY STATISTICS cog PART FOUR Detailed Description of Exhibits Educational Exhibits A fair idea of the various exhibits may be secured by reference to the floor plans (see plate on opposite page) together with the various illustrations of each booth or section and the detailed explanation which follows. In the floor plans each booth or section is numbered, and in this explanation the various sections are described in the order in which a visitor would see them; that is, going down one aisle and up the next. FIRST FLOOR EXHIBITS StrREET SHOow WINDow ON Ricut oF ENTRANCE—PLATE XV Exhibit of the American Association for the Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality, Baltimore, Maryland In this window were displayed two charts, one of which contained a red electric light which flashed every time a baby died in the civilized world, or every ten seconds. This chart attracted a great deal of attention and was one of the best advertise- ments of the Show. The second chart was one giving infant mortality statistics. STREET SHow Window on Lert oF ENTRANCE Exhibit of the Bacteriological and Chemical Laboratories of the Philadelphia Depart- ment of Public Health and Charities This window contained several pieces of apparatus used in the bacteriological and chemical laboratories in testing milk and a poster calling attention to flies as carriers of disease: FLY TIME If it takes one fly three hours to contaminate the sterilized milk in Jar A, and twelve flies fifteen min- utes to contaminate the sterilized milk in Jar B, how long will it take you to kill all the flies in your home? Daily at 3 o’clock the results of the contamination will be shown (mov- ing pictures) 54 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Upon entering the first floor, one passed two attendants at the entrance, usually a fireman and policeman being on duty. Either the fireman or an attendant counted all persons who entered, a counting device held in the hand recording the total each time it was pressed. No children were admitted unless accompanied by adults. Except at those hours of the day when the attendance was slight, the visitors were kept moving in one direction only, entering by one door and leaving by another. At the right of the entrance was located the literature booth, equipped with a counter, which was used by the committee on patronesses and aides in distributing the programs and educational leaflets: PROGRAMS . Daily lectures in lecture hall . Sessions of Dairy Institute . Sessions of Conference of Health Officers 69 1 = LEAFLETS . Good and bad dairy farms . The transportation and sale of milk . The care of milk in the home The food value of milk . Diseases caused by impure milk . Suggestions for bottle-fed babies Milk “Don’ts”’ . Refreshing milk drinks . A milk primer 10. List of United States government publications about milk © 60 ID &r BS 09 1 (See reprints of programs and leaflets in appendices in back of this report) Section I—Puates XVI anp XVII (Refer to floor plan, opposite p. 52) Exhibit of the Bacteriological and Chemical Laboratories of the Philadelphia Depart- ment of Public Health and Charities This exhibit consisted of two main divisions: 1. A counter exhibit showing the physical, chemical, and bacteriological tests used by the Bureau of Health in its inspection of the milk supply. 2. A wall exhibit consisting of: 1. Colored diagrams showing microscopically the various bacteria found in milk: tubercle, typhoid and diphtheria bacilli, streptococci, pus cells, and dirty milk. 2. Charts showing the rise in the death-rate from intestinal diseases in summer and the proportion of deaths of breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. 3. Charts showing typhoid epidemics in two city blocks due to infected milk shops. 4. Posters showing the relation between infected milk and epidemics of typhoid, scarlet fever, and diphtheria. The usefulness and effectiveness of this exhibit were in great measure due to the efficiency of the attendants, who were able to present very simply the technical processes of milk examination and to make clear the lessons of the charts and posters. The laboratory apparatus used in the testing of milk was arranged on the counter, and in explaining the exhibit attention was directed: SGCNIX LINYYXHA4IG ONILVALSOTIT SLUVHO T NOILOAS SO ATIVE, LaaT “wTiiw NE SNIOIOLAISIS: So1ioyvs saryiey a PUL Daomostw VI) JHC oqei peonuot) t AO Nv Pee: 2Ugrel MAW N: y} pe pnilog MTN NI GNNOH SNSINVOUO HO SITIW HO SLISHL TVOINAHO ANV IVOISAHd ONIAVIN N I Gust) SOLVAVddV IAX SLVId LHOIa AWHYLXY NO NMOUHS € NOILOG STWIN GHULOGANI OL GHOVUL SOINACIdH ASVASIG AO SHIGOALS GNV ‘MTIIN NI CGNNOH4 SINSINVOYO INAAAAAIG ONILVULSNTI SLUVHO “MTN AO SLISHL AMOLVUOIVI ONIIVW NI GaSN SOLVUVddV [I NOILOAS HO ATIVE, LHD IIAX dLvIg #4 = oa Riven Be) ee Wii Mi SNDODOLAIIS | “>s0%0u 1H MIIW ALUI baja» s eP*7A* teityt YZ yy) H bua pie are me eae aT i DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 55 First—to the physical tests made by the milk inspectors at the railroad re- ceiving platforms to determine the specific gravity and the presence of formaldehyde. Second—to the tests made at the laboratories in the City Hall, of the samples of milk sent in by the inspectors: 1. Microscopic test for dirt 2. Tests for pus cells and streptococci 3. Bacteriological count Third—to microscopic slides showing: 1. Effect of insects walking on culture media,—the house fly, roach and ant 2. Bacteria on cow hair and the effect when dropped into milk 3. Effect of hands in milking,—clean, dirty 4. Effect of clean and dirty utensils and barns Fourth—to the charts and posters. Two very effective charts showed outlines of city wards in which epidemics of typhoid fever had occurred. The typhoid fever cases were indicated by dots in black. The milk shop to which the milk supply of these cases was traced was repre- sented by ared dot. The lettering on the charts was as follows: 1. A milk-borne typhoid epidemic in the Twenty-first Ward, Philadelphia. Infec- tion was found to be from two unreported cases at the milk shop shown, which was closed, premises cleaned, and disinfected. The cases from this ward then became normal. 2. A milk-borne typhoid epidemic in the Twenty-sixth Ward, Philadelphia. Infec- tion was found to be from two unreported cases in the milkman’s family and further traced to five unreported cases in the family of a shipper. Stopping this reduced the cases for this ward to normal. The posters showed in pictorial form a typhoid epidemic traced to the use of contaminated spring-water in washing milk cans; a scarlet fever epidemic traced to the milk supply from a farmer whose child had the disease; and a diphtheria epi- demic traced to the boy who washed the milk cans. There was also shown a collection of test tubes containing various culture media used for the culture of bacteria. Section 2—Puate VIII Refreshment Counter Certified milk was sold here in original packages in one-half pint bottles for five cents; no milk, however, being sold on Sunday. This section was equipped with a semicircular counter, and a large ten-foot refrigerator loaned by the McCray Refrigerator Company for keeping the supply. Sanitary paper drinking cups were used exclusively. Much of the milk sold here was donated to the Milk Show by Mr. P. P. Gheen, Overlook Farms, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania; Mr. E. T. Gill, Haddon Farms, Haddonfield, New Jersey; Mr. Clarence Kates, Glenloch, Pennsylvania; Mr. George Wood, Wawa Dairy Farms, Wawa, Pennsylvania; and Mr. H. H. Jeffries, Landenberg, Pennsylvania. Abbott’s Alderney Dairies contributed the | services of the waitresses who dispensed this nourishing refreshment. So popular | was the sale of this milk that at times the demand exceeded the supply. 56 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Section 8—Priatr XVIII Exhibit of the Milk Commission of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society 1. Photographs of the interior and exterior of model dairy farms producing certified milk. 2. Chart showing the bacterial content per cubic centimeter of milk and cream examined for the Philadelphia Pediatric Society’s Milk Commission for the year 1910. 3. Chart showing a glass of milk and its food value compared to ordinary por- tions of other food. 4, Charts comparing the number of cases of tuberculosis caused by the human type of tubercle bacillus with those caused by drinking milk from tubercular cows. SecTION 4—PuatE XIX Exhibit Showing Collection, Transportation, and Sale Conditions of Milk In and Around Philadelphia This exhibit consisted of photographs showing the following existing conditions: Good, clean looking herd of cattle (two photographs) © Clean stable with yard in fair condition Milking time Good stable interior (two photographs) Fair stable interior (three photographs) Bad stable interior (six photographs) Dirty cow shed exterior (two photographs) Healthy cows in filthy surroundings Tumbledown barn (two photographs) Open sewage from barn Open sewage from dirty cow sheds Dirty storage room for bottling milk Cooling milk Milk cans on shipping platform Milk train Old refrigerator car New refrigerator car Trolley milk car exterior Trolley milk car interior Milk receiving station Milk wagons at receiving station Testing milk Milk wagons (two photographs) Cooling and pasteurizing plant (three photographs) Model cooling and pasteurizing plant (two photographs) Delivery in bottles Dirty bottles Dirty milk store (three photographs) Fair milk store Clean milk store Ice cream vendor Filthy ice cream plant (two photographs) SECTION 5—PuatTE XX Exhibit of Certified Milk This section was devoted to an exhibit of certified milk in sealed bottles from the Willow Grove Dairy. The bottles were arranged in pyramids, being placed in long tin boxes and surrounded with ice. Potted plants added to the general attract- iveness of this booth. MTN Ad GHSNVO SISOTNOWAITAL AO AONANOAWHA ANV MIN AO ANTIVA COOK GAILVTEN MTN GHIMILYHO AO NOILVNINVXG IVOIDOTOINALOVE AO ‘ SLTASHa ONIMOHS SLUVHO “VIHNdTHCAVIIHd NI G10S MTN GAIMILYAD SONIONGOUd SWUVA AYMIVAG AO SHAVAOOLOHd IWIAX &LvId @ NOILOAS sre HL sy annoy mig OH 5 vase ust econ fea one suse & t cemwpases Leewes 45 r : ors mies 110.) SOMATA, +4 Jibs AW S| aL wey Ff acoMO? BYINOKIAN WOKS yTIW LO : p OSSD 250Kk Hit SATONE Taam ne es és 3341 WYWNH 3HL ie oasn¥a SISDTNIN En AES ; 40 $35¥3 40 HIRWAN IHL SHIUYAPIOS SieyHa re ie fwyes uy ATddOS WW VIHdTACVTIHd AO SNOILIGNOOD DNILSIXA AO SHdVUOOLOHd ~ NOILOGS XIX FLVId EPRI PUNoy prew Suoy |IPuoy apVg pe FON SI(-UOHe}Jodsuey ‘UONDe][09) HOI HLIM GaMOVd ‘SHUTLLOA ONINIVINOO ‘SHXOd NIL DNOIT “‘AMIVG TVOOT V WOMA MIN GAIMILYaAO @ NOILOaS XX. FLVId mov { : “Rim st Saag Pre lung ysoyey OAL OR oan C(SNOLI Aad YUANAYOD MAMOT NI NMOHS TOOLS ONIMNTIN IVLAW GNV NVO MII AYVLINVS NYHGOW “MOOLS HAIT YHHLO ON sSNOIHONVIS TVLAW ?+LHOIT GNV NOILVIILNAA ALVNOAGY *SMOOD GNV ATAVLIS NVA10 ‘NOILONULSNOD AUVLINVS “NUYvd AMIVG AO AMAL LNAIIAOXA NV HO THCOW 9 NOILOGS IXX dLvVId MOOLS TAIT WHHLO WOU GALVAVdHS SMOO :‘SNOIHONVLS GOOD :NOILVIILNAA GNV LHOIT DO *NOILONULSNOO UV “NUVA AUMIVG AO AdAL GOOD V AO THQGO0W GOOD -‘d1ILLVO GNV ‘GUVA ATlAVIS NVaT : IIXX ALV1d J NOILOUS eee SS SZ NZNO 2 SYS) i y NVH1IO AILLVO GNV SHSINAYd ‘ATLLVO WOW GALVUVdaS ATALATINOOD LON SHSYOH -NOILVIILNAA GNV LHOSIT LNAIOIMWAASNI ‘NUVA ANIVAG AO AdAL UVa V AO THCOW 8 NOTLOaS ITIXX SLvid YE SECTION 9 AND VENTILATION: PLATE XXIV POOR LIGHT ) STABLE FILTHY LIVE STOCK CROWDED TOGETHER ARN, AND A B YARD, VARIOUS KINDS OF OF DAIRY BARN. A BAD TYPE tL OF 5} MODE ATdd OS MTN VIHNdTHACVTIHd AO SHDUNOS SMOHS dVW S€TLLOG AYOSVAIN LYOHS GNV TINA GNV :UANASNOOD OL MOOD WOU NOILOHdSNI LNVLISNOO YO ALISSHOUN ‘SMOLOAdSNI MTIN ALIO AO ASN MOA WwOX ANOOUA GCHSOdOUd ONIMOHS SLUVHO TI Nolloas AXX FLVId Poo auv auaHM DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 57 SECTIONS 6, 7, 8 AND 9—PuatEs XXII, XXII, XXIII anp XXIV Exhibit of the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board Each of these sections contained a model of various types of dairy barns, fol- lowing the classification adopted by the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board, namely—(1) excellent, (2) good, (3) fair, and (4) bad. Mr. Charles H. Hillman of this city contributed his services in designing these models which accur- ately reproduced existing conditions. AII the models showed the barns as in actual use with the cattle in their places, barn yards filled with straw, manure scattered about, etc., in accordance with the type represented. 1. The excellent type of barn was completely equipped with a ventilation sys- tem; clean cement floor and tight walls and ceilings; improved metal stanchions; an abundance of windows; no other live stock beside cows; individual feeding troughs and watering basins; good clean bedding; no manure piles accessible to cattle; and cows well groomed and in good condition. 2. The good stable represented an old-fashioned combination barn. Windows and ventilation were provided; floors, walls and ceiling were well constructed, clean and dust-proof; stanchions were provided; tight partitions separated cows and other live stock; cattle were groomed and bedded; and the barn yard was clean and dry. 3. The fair stable was similar to the good stable, but was provided with old- fashioned mangers instead of stanchions; no tight partitions separated cows from other live stock; floors, manure gutters and walls were of good construction, but no adequate arrangements, however, were made for light and ventilation; barn yard was clean; and cattle were in fair condition. 4. The last, or bad, type of stable represented that all too common type of barn where no intelligent provisions were made for windows, floors or ventilation; cows, horses, pigs and other live stock and poultry, all occupied the same barn and yard; no attention was given to cleanliness; the barn yard was filthy; and the cows were covered with caked dirt and manure. The lesson to be learned from these models was strikingly shown. No one could fail to see that even the bad type of stable, if slightly altered and improved, mainly through methods rather than equipment, could be classed as fair, and with the addition of better equipment and facilities would be included in the good class. SrctTIon 10 Exhibit of the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis This section was reserved primarily for the purpose of selling the special milk number of “‘’The Fresh Air Magazine” for May, 1911. The booth was adorned with photographs showing the need of fresh air and good milk, and an attendant was stationed here for the purpose of selling the magazine for five cents a copy. SEcTION 11—PLateE XXV Exhibit of the Bureau of Municipal Research of Philadelphia In this exhibit were: 1. A large chart showing the various steps in the production, transportation, and sale of milk as represented by the links of a chain which was festooned in four large loops representing (1) the preducer, (2) the carrier, (3) the dealer, and (4) the consumer. Each link in the chain denoted a step in the process of getting the milk on yoewionl 58 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW supply, the individual links (or possible sources of contamination) being marked as follows: 1. Producer: Cow, veterinarian, stable, yard, milker, pail, milk house, can, farm wagon, dairy inspector 2. Carrier: Shipping platform, milk car, railroad employe, receiving platform, milk inspector 3. Dealer: Pasteurizing plant, bottling plant, bottle, delivery wagon, driver 4. Consumer: Kitchen, kitchen utensils, refrigerator, nursery, nursing bottle. How Strone Is Tuis Cuatn? Wuere ArE THe WEAKEST LINKS? 2. Chart reading: YES, QUALITY IS IMPORTANT, BUT DO YOU GET FULL MEASURE? Picture Picture of a full of a short measure measure milk bottle milk bottle THE MILK IN THE BOTTLE SHOULD REACH TO THE CAP RING OR STOPPLE 3. Chart summarizing present city milk inspection service: MILK INSPECTION Quarts inspected 2,700,000 1.85 per cent City Supply!! New system—More men needed First Step New field inspection report showing odor, appearance, etc. Enlarged blue print : | | Present form Proposed form UVO AILLVO AO AdAL GHAOUdWI HO THCOW GNV NTN HO NOILVLMOdSNVUL WOA GAHSINUNA AOIAWAS NOLLVUAOIAAAA AO SHdVUODOLOHd ZL NOILoaS IAXX ALv1d ATIVONNV ALIO MYOA MAN NI GANWASNOO SATIN AO SHGVAD LNAYAAHIG AO SLNOOWNV AAILVIGY MOHS GNONOUYOEAOHA NI NIATHOUaN SUVO SNUVA AYIVG NO GNNOX SNOILIGNOO AO SHdVUDOLOHA STHCGOIN SHYOLS CNV ‘SNODVAM ‘SNOILVLS 9 IAXX SLVIdg €T NOILOGS A]I) Y.10{ Moy Ul pouinisuos yp JOSpury snonirs jo {UNOUIY axrRyoyy : CPR Sm sms sissy SUE Neen: raat Tay DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 59 4. Chart showing infant mortality: (Diagram here) THE SUMMER WAVE OF BABIES’ DEATHS IS PREVENTABLE DOTTED LINE ...... DEATHS FROM DIARRHEA CHIEF CAUSE—DIRTY MILK CLEAN ALIVE KEEP MILK KEEP BABIES COLD WELL 5. Map showing sources of Philadelphia milk supply giving car load shipments on all railroads. SECTION 12—PiatE XXVI Exhibit of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company This attractive exhibit, which was in charge of an attendant who explained points and answered questions, consisted of: 1. Wooden model of a cattle car 2. Photographs showing: a. Icing of express cars used in the milk service b. Scrubbing cars after unloading at milk receiving stations previous to reloading with empty cans for return trip e. Interior of refrigerator car showing ice boxes, insulated bulkheads, and doors d. Refrigerator car modified for solid car load milk shipments e. Milk receiving platform—arrival and unloading of solid milk train 3. Sectional drawings showing the construction of refrigerator cars 4. During two days of the Show, several types of cars used in the transportation of milk were open for inspection on a siding in one of the freight yards in West Phila- delphia. Section 13—Puate XXVII Exhibit of the New York City Department of Health; the New York Milk Committee; and.the Massachusetts Milk Consumers’ Association 1. The exhibit of the New York City health department consisted of large framed photographs illustrating the different aspects of the milk supply of New York City. These photographs were very good, the subject matter having been carefully chosen and the workmanship excellent. Among the captions under the various views were the following: 1. Type of stable being eliminated 2. Bacterial content being reduced. (A picture of a good stable) 3. One step toward clean milk. (A view in a sanitary bottling plant) 60 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 4. Cows should be kept in spacious, clean and light stables 5 and 6. Condition found at first inspection, and, on the same line, another photograph showing the condition found at re-inspection 7, Frequent inspection will abolish such conditions. (View showing the interior of a milk store where the sales room had direct connection with a bed room) 8. One effort to improve care of milk in stores. (A picture of the milk booth which is installed in many New York stores) 9. Result of store inspection. (This view shows the interior of a small store selling milk and eggs. A clean counter is visible in the foreground and a good ice box is also shown) 10. Frequent white-washing recommended by this department. (This picture shows a sprayer on wheels, drawn by one horse, which is used for white-washing cow stables) 11. Built according to rules of department of health. (Interior of a sanitary cow stable) 12. Clean stables and methods insure clean milk. (Interior view showing a stable with a row of cows and milkers at milking time with a printed caption beneath, “‘ Producing milk of the highest grade’’) 13. Only healthy cows can produce wholesome milk. (This photograph shows a row of cows in a stable and a veterinarian at work examining the herd) 14. Manure which could be utilized to advantage. (This view shows a large pile of - valuable manure which is close to the side of the stable) 15. Common source of milk contamination. (This view shows a cow yard with a stable in the background and piles of manure near the stable, in which cows are walking) 16. Type of stable being eliminated. (A bad interior) 17. Inspections of this kind are made every night. (This view, taken by flash light, shows the ae inspectors at work inspecting milk at one of the railroad stations at mid- night 18. 5,500 wagons deliver two million quarts daily. (This view shows the inspectors inspecting milk on the wagons in the early morning) 19. Frequent inspection would correct this. (An interior view of an unsanitary creamery) 20. All milk entering New York should be inspected. (A view showing a railroad receiy- ing platform with its long lines of milk cans) 21. Millions of bacteria in such milk. (An interior view in a milk store with insanitary surroundings) 22. Impossible to safeguard milk under such conditions. (Interior of a milk store showing milk can at open doorway of a basement grocery. A caption reads, “No ice used’’) 2. The New York Milk Committee exhibited: 1. Set of twelve large framed photographs representing the work of infants’ milk stations 2. Set of twelve large framed photographs representing various conditions of sanitary and insanitary milk production in New York City 3. Wooden models of filled milk bottles, graded in size, to show the relative amounts of the various kinds of milk consumed in New York City annually. The models ranged in size from the large bottle at the head of the line, standing about five feet high, and representing the relative amount of raw milk consumed; to a small model at the foot of the line, measuring about eight inches in height, and representing the relative amount of certified milk consumed. The kinds of milk represented by models were: 1. Certified milk . Guaranteed milk . Selected milk . Pasteurized milk . Inspected milk . Raw milk S Sr & 69 © 3. Occupying a small corner of this booth was a chart containing copies of leaflets issued by the Massachusetts Milk Consumers’ Association of Boston—an association formed to unite consumers in obtaining efficient inspection and a pure milk supply. OLY MTN AO NOILVOISIGOW UWOA SVTIAWUOA ‘SSAQNTVA GOO4 AO SHTAVL ‘SYHAHLOW OL SNOILONYLSNI ONIAID SLUVHO ‘STISNALN MTN dvd GNV d005 HO NOILOATIOO ONILSVULNOO V GNV ‘SYAMOOO SSUTAMIA ‘SUOLVUAAOINAAA TOINONOO’ AO AV IdSIG FI NOILOaS IIAXX ad1VIg UOT] OUT UI S[ISUO}N MIN DULY 10} SULIL) JO SPO Jododd Fy ‘Sisu A Surpue DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 61 Section 14—Piate XXVIII Exhibit of Proper and Improper Methods of Caring for Milk in the Home This exhibit was of great practical value because the ease with which milk might become contaminated and the consequent dangers were strikingly shown by having on display a collection of insanitary utensils actually found in use in dirty homes and milk shops. In contrast with these unsafe utensils, others were displayed to teach the proper way of caring for milk,—refrigerators, sterilizers, cleansers, door-step bottle holders, ete. Trained nurses gave valuable service as attend- ants in this section, explaining the principles and construction of the utensils shown and also pointing out the unseen dangers. Among the articles shown were various makes and sizes of glass nursing bottles which were to be avoided as being unsafe, while types to be recommended were shown alongside. Nipples not easily cleaned, and therefore to be avoided, were shown with others that were to be recommended because they could be easily and thoroughly cleaned. Many kinds of refrigerators were shown, for example: A home-made ice box, devised by the Phipps Institute, costing about ten cents, requir- ing two cents’ worth of ice daily Another home-made ice box, costing about forty-five cents, constructed from a wooden box, sawdust, a tin pail, and newspapers. In this box two cents’ worth of ice will last twenty-four hours A Hess refrigerator devised by Doctor Hess of New York, loaned by him Portable hygienic refrigerators, different sizes, requiring two cents’ worth of ice, price ac- cording to size McCray refrigerator, loaned by the company Star refrigerator, loaned by the company Other utensils displayed included: A home-made fireless cooker, devised by the Phipps Institute, costing about ten cents Electric fireless cooker Cereal fireless cooker Freman pasteurizer Arnold steam sterilizer and pasteurizer Bottle cleaners Receptacle for milk bottles, loaned by the Government On the walls of this section were several instructive charts: 1. Chart showing the stomach at different periods of infancy—life size—to illustrate the reason for variation in the amount of feeding at different ages: TSI GEN eeepc te eee dey Na ein gcd cue are 1 oz DEW EEK Seep ehidan Seyret casa rai Uaeie 2 OZ SEIMOMUNS anya ear aba art eco ale a, AVS o7 Guimon bliss cols Hailey eal tec on ee hit es 6 oz sO RITA OWES erento Act hada perses a yet od) AACN Jey cl 9 oz. TUES) saa ¥oy ate aki" cs ct aan ad wet Ml mh Vane as 12 oz. (Holt) 2. Maxims for mothers of bottle-fed babies: . Sterilize bottles and nipples by boiling every day. Have all utensils clean. . Have a bottle for every feeding. Avoid all unnecessary handling of the milk. . Bottles and nipples should be of the most simple design to be easily cleaned. . Never vary an iota from directions in the preparation of food. Much harm may be done from ignorant deviation. oles Do not use the bottle as a standard in measuring ounces. Bottles vary in size. . When the bottles for the day are filled, stopper them with sterile non-absorbent cotton or with rubber corks which may be readily boiled. . Keep the bottles on ice until they are ready for use. . Heat the bottle to blood heat or slightly above just before feeding. He 09 t COZ DN 62 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 9. Do not taste the milk in the bottle before giving it to the baby. 10. If the nipple falls on the floor or comes in contact with soiled objects, do not use it. 11. In travelling do not heat the bottle before starting. Carry itcold. . 12. Do not trust the baby to féed himself. Feed him or watch him while he feeds. 13. Cleanse the bottle and nipple immediately after feeding. Never leavea par- tially emptied bottle in the crib or on the window sill. 14. Never use any food that the baby has discarded. 15. Do not ask your milkman to leave milk early inthe morning. Rather en- courage him to make a later delivery. 16. View any milk mixture as a splendid feeding ground for germ life. Let your whole system of feeding be directed toward the avoidance of infection. 3. Average composition: Human Milk (Richmond) Cow's Milk (Richmond) Wratler ec ane ent Bay oe 88.2 87.1 TaN] DAE ge ge STON OnE es a COU 2 15 Proteidsni acerca he eae: 1.5 3.4 dBiart MaRS A es Wee Se ae Pel a AM 3.3 3.9 Sugar st ee Se ese 6.8 475 4. The calorimetric method of infant feeding: This method strives to adjust the infant’s diet so that he may receive from it the proper amount of energy A calorie of energy unit is the amount of heat required to raise 1 kilogram of water 1° C. in temperature A young baby requires 100 calories for every kilogram (2+ lbs.) of its weight Iigram:of fat; yields ee ene ead 9.3 calories 1 gram of sugar yields.................. ASL A wots 1 gram of proteid yields................. Ha Wet 1 ounce of milk yields................... Q1. BS 1 ounce of cream yields.............-..-- 54. is This method furnishes a good check on other methods. 5. Tables of food values, prepared by the Department of Agriculture 6. Chart of the growth of bacteria, in properly and improperly cooled milk. Chapin 7. Cartoon of a cat stealing milk from bottle on door step with explanation of the dangers from such careless handling of milk bottles upon delivery. SecTION 15—PiatE XXIX Exhibit of Demonstration of the Uses of Milk as a Food This section was also one of great practical value to the majority of visitors, since there were held frequent demonstrations of the modification of milk for infant feeding and demonstrations of the uses of milk in cooking. A-skilled demonstrator in cooking, with the necessary helpers, interested the crowds in the ways of preparing appetizing and nutritious dishes from milk. An article in the North American is thoroughly descriptive of the other phases of this exhibit: TELLS OF BABY FOODS FOR THE HOT WEATHER Trained Nurse Gives Demonstration and Formulas at Milk Show MEN MUCH INTERESTED The vital question, ‘““What shall I feed the baby in the hot weather ?”’ is being answered daily at the Philadelphia Milk Show by a woman who has had experience in feeding hundreds of babies and who stands ready at all times to give uncertain mothers the benefit of this experience. Miss L. Cates, a trained nurse in charge of the children’s department of the Wo- man’s Hospital, presides over the model kitchen at the Show, which has been fitted up by a committee of women physicians of the city, and here, among a collection of snow-white NMOHS LNGAIW -dINOF AUVLINVS ‘AAISNAdXAUNI “MTIIN AO SUSN AHL AO SNOILVULSNOWAG TVOILOVUd NI GaSN NAHOLIM THAGOW CT NOILOAS XIXX diVIg orb-w8 wml 1% SUIMOO) Uy : YIN Jo SASH oY) Jo SUOLA|SUOWO 7 een DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS cooking utensils, dressed in her snow-white uniform, she not only gives information as to the most scientific infant feeding, but she deftly prepares the food she recommends and gives the formulas to those who request them. Strange to say, she is besieged by men who take surprising interest in the preparation of bottles for babies, and who ply her with questions relative to the value of rice water and whey, and who want to know if buttermilk is good in intestinal trouble of infants. Foods for the Little Ones To all inquiries Miss Cates makes the same reply—the one that every trained nurse makes—that the doctor must be consulted and his word on the baby’s diet taken as final. Then she shows how to prepare the food—in case he recommends it—in the manner in which she has prepared it for the hundreds of little ones who have thrived under her care at the hospital. Yesterday she demonstrated half a dozen food preparations designed to relieve the little ones suffering from digestive troubles, for whom undiluted cow’s milk is too heavy in hot weather. Buttermilk, peptonized milk, rice water, barley water and whey were among the foods that were prepared at the morning and afternoon demonstrations. “Rice water and buttermilk,” Miss Cates said, “are frequently recommended for babies suffering with intestinal troubles, and the two are used in connection with each other as hot-weather food. There are several kinds of buttermilk, but the easiest to obtain in the city is that made from sweet milk by the addition of buttermilk tablets. To a quart of fresh milk, which is placed in a clean pitcher, jar or bottle, after boiling, add one-third to one-half a quart of hot water, according to the richness of the milk, a pinch of salt and one pulverized tablet. Let this stand at a temperature of 70 degrees for twenty- four hours before using. Process used in Hospitals In making barley-and-rice water, Miss Cates recommended the use of the cereal grains, which are cheaper than the flour. For rice water she soaked 21% teaspoonfuls of rice three hours in a quart of water, then boiled it slowly for an hour, adding a tablespoon of sugar to a quart of the fluid and a pinch of salt. For whey she heated a pint of milk to a degree known as lukewarm, and after placing a junket tablet in cold water, added it to the milk, allowing it to stand until firm. She then beat the mixture with a fork, strained it through a piece of cheesecloth and threw away the curds. “Peptonized milk,” she said, “is invaluable for children who are not able to digest plain cow’s milk, and the best way to make it according to the warm process used in hos- pitals, is to add one tube of peptonizing powder, dissolved in warm water, to a pint of milk, letting the mixture stand in warm water at a temperature of 110 degrees for ten, fifteen or twenty minutes, as ordered. Among the articles and materials used in this exhibit were: Agate and white enamel double boilers Agate and white enamel spoons, different sizes Agate and white enamel bowls Agate and white enamel pitchers Agate and white enamel dish pans Agate and white enamel tea kettles Glass jars, different sizes Wire strainers, different sizes Glass churns, different sizes Agate and white enamel quart measure Agate and white enamel funnels Glass measuring cup Sanitary paper towels 16 ounce glass graduates ““Materna”’ glass graduate Chapin dippers Glass funnels Absorbent and non-absorbent cotton Borax Boric acid Lactone tablets Kefilac tablets Junket tablets *‘Bulgarian”’ tablets Essence of pepsin Liquid rennet 63 64 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Many electric cooking utensils were loaned for display by the Philadelphia Electric Company. Gimbel Brothers, Dennison Manufacturing Company, George B. Evans, Charles Lentz, and Llewellyn’s Drug Company kindly allowed certain articles, which had been purchased, to be returned to them gee the Show (if in good condi- tion) and credit given accordingly. Section 16—Puate XXX pee ie? Exhibit Showing the Modern Method of Making Ice Cream; and the Results of Bac- teriological Examination of Ice Cream by the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board Many photographs in this section portrayed dirty methods, undesirable stores, itinerant venders, etc. Plate cultures were shown of bacteria found in poor ice — cream and the results of chemical analyses of the same. Finally, a modern rotary freezer with a capacity of one hundred and eighty quarts per hour was exhibited, capable of being thoroughly cleaned and sterilized. This machine was shown in operation. Among the charts shown in this section were: WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE ICE CREAM SOLD BY STREET VENDERS? THIS IS WHAT WE CAN TELL YOU ICE CREAM SHOULD LEGALLY CONTAIN 6% butter fat when flavored with fruits 8% butter fat when other flavors are used CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF 125 SAMPLES OF ICE CREAM SOLD BY STREET VENDERS GAVE THE FOLLOWING RESULTS: 80 samples contained less than 1% butter fat 30 samples contained between 1% and 2% butter fat only 5 samples of the total number contained the legal amount of fat SOME FACTS REGARDING FLAVORS to SAMPLES OF THE SO-CALLED FRUIT FLAVORS CONTAINED SUBSTANCES CALLED ‘‘' COMPOUND ETHERS” AS SUBSTITUTES FOR FRUIT FLAVORS WVHYNO AOI HO GHUMNLOVANNVIN AUYVLINVS YO NOILVUAdO NI ANIHOVIN ‘LOGIT NO “NVAMNO AOL] AO SATA INVS HO NOILVNINVXY TVOIDOTOIELIVA HO SLTINSAHA 9[ NOILOaS XXK FLV Id HN WHR) G3SNIONC ait SHIN¥LSSNS Papo (sul Ud] (eyes URI JO APJ OYPUT Sade] PUILOPG pe SUO|QVOT[OY WW3aadd0 39] 40 NOLWNINYX TWIOOTONN A19Vg (3 onl] 400] pILIBAL! NOILVaaAdO NI NMOHS “MTIN HO NOILVZIUNALSVd OIMILNAIOS NI GASN SOALVUVddV ALAIANOO 21] NOILDaS IXXX SLV1d Aslan Mt ray Bae ay ayy nied i ee DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 65 HOW THE ICE CREAMS ARE COLORED Every so-called fruit flavor was artificially colored, usually with coal tar color SUBSTANCES USED IN MAKING ICE CREAM Condensed skim milk and water Powdered skim milk and water Thickening gum tragacanth, glue and starch BACTERIOLOGICAL COUNTS OF ICE CREAM SAMPLES Number of bacteria per cubic centimeter 17,600,000 1,030,000 38,600,000 8,160,000 40,300,000 14,400,000 8,200,000 5,000,000 7,050,000 1,820,000 22,200,000 9,740,000 10,200,000 16,212,000 © CONT QU W WN H SEcTION 17—PuiatE XXXI Exhibit Showing the Scientific Pasteurization of Milk Here visitors could see a complete system of pasteurization in operation as fol- lowed in one of the most up-to-date and scientific pasteurizing plants. For this purpose there was installed in this section at considerable expense a complete plant consisting of the most modern and sanitary pasteurizing apparatus, a mechanical bottle filler, a capping machine, a bottle washer, and a centrifugal cream separator. Attendants were on duty to explain the processes and apparatus. In demonstrating the operation of pasteurization, water was used in place of milk. It was first passed through filter cloth into the receiving vat, thence it passed by gravity to the pasteurizer, which heated it to 140°-145° F., and at the same time threw it by centrifugal force up to the “holder” on an elevated platform where the 5 66 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW heated water was held for thirty minutes. It then dropped by gravity to the cooler, where the temperature was reduced to 40° F. From the cooler it dropped by gravity to the bottle-filler, a mechanical device worked by a hand lever. The box of filled bottles was then pushed along a platform to the capping machine, a distance of two feet, where they were finally capped. For the purpose of demonstration, the cover of the cooler was made with a glass window to permit the spectators to see the fluid in its passage over the cooling pij °s. The special points about the srocess were: 1. The absence of a pump, the fluid running by gravity after leaving the holder 2. The short length of piping 3. The fact that the cooler was covered, preventing air contamination 4. The fact that there was exposure to the air only for the few seconds consumed in passing the bottles from the filler to the capper. The bottle washer exhibited, consisted of a soaking tank, a revolving brush for badly caked bottles, and a device for throwing a jet of hot water and another for steam or boiling water. The cream separator was of the type giving eight thousand revolutions per minute. SrecTions 18, 19, anp 20—Puates XXXII, XXXIII, ann XXXIV Exhibit on Child Hygiene by the Philadelphia Department of Public Health and Charities These three sections contained the main features of the various exhibits which have been held with such beneficial results at different times by the Bureau of Health in the congested districts of this city. Photographs were shown illustrating: 1. Visiting nurses’ work and general housing conditions Q. Exterior of exhibits held in slums 3. Open air hospitals, educational centers, play apparatus, playgrounds, and a practical demonstration of care of babies and children on two large recreation piers 4, Philadelphia parks - 5. Wards, Philadelphia General Hospital 6. Redbank Sanitarium 7. Medical clinics and milk stations 8. Modified milk stations 9. Care of baby 10. Dirty milk and dirty milk bottles 11. Preparation of baby’s food 12. Necessity of vaccination 13. Instructions to school children 14. Cheap home-made ice box Illustrated wall placards, paintings and models explaining certain truths to | mothers, such as: . Placard giving instructions for mothers . Placards giving instructions on care of the baby . Display circular—Care of the Baby . Display of proper and improper nipples . Painting—Keep Baby’s Mouth Clean . Painting showing foods that are dangerous . Card of “Don’ts” for baby feeding . Colored picture—showing danger of baby on unclean floor . Colored illustration—Bathe the Baby . Dressed dolls, showing proper and improper method of dressing baby DS © CO 3 S Or & 09 TH — TWLIdSOH GNV HNOH NI SHIdVd HO ANVO UAdOUd ONIMOHS SGUVOVId GNV SHdVUYNDOLOHd ‘ANAIDAH GTIHO NO LISIHXA AO GUTHL-ANO 8I NOILoas JIXXX divig connor sense Sosasiona) een AJP AM yeIaes jo sassid ai a euis 4 1 aArgisuas ISOui at St AIVLHOW ugiiies saged ya dV REQ ve Pr pari dan fa cert apyassausm ast] su Rg aA we aS AUNWSIOUNTN 2 seasnqai nT] Sir aes 1 ¢ Sak Decl sith eA eS SUHHLOW WOH SNOILONULSNI GNV ‘SHIA VA HO HuXVO UtdOUd ONIMOHS SLUVHO ANV ‘SONILNIVd ‘SHdVUDOLOHd “ANHIDAH CATIHO NO LISIHXH HO GYIHL-ANO 61 NOILOaS I1IXXX aLv1g Pa NBT IEUI IAS Saiqeg ay] Lg NEO SalGey au Ou S| al us Si a Aur sop eee _- ~ oo saab acl opindaes marr nid er——“_C—ir”—C—i—~C—CiRNOQYUOOCSCtisCCSS CK lO TaD agp sausage st] BS ny Ap aun ez arom ul ? Ce < y Q “airy boeg . OG hie Kae. Hy ae ALITVLYOW LINVHNI NO SOILSILVLIS GNV ‘SHIdVE HO HAXVO wAdOUd ONIMOHS STHGOW CGNV ‘SLUVHO ‘SHdVYDOLOHd “ANHIOAH GTIHO NO LIGIHNXA AO GUIHL-ANO 0Z@ NOILOaS AIXXX IVIg ., UONjedNIIg Ssnopsezey BAX. UB SE PdljiSSe7) aq isn sand S207 Ageg E OUIJEad Jo ssauisng ay] “yea aienbs e sya Ageg Siu, = : sede he ah viathesd sanobn ex: presayp Zo $39 om Z ae {Eton iq tna ‘faj ay1100 ale 2 AYN Sa]qfO! aAijsaoip jo auip “Ra Saddiyy dovyy : t 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS Model bed on chart with instructions concerning the same Display circular dealing with the dangers of the house fly Sample of home-made fly killer on frame Report blank used by nurses Details of work, Redbank Sanitarium Association Models in glass case showing births and deaths among infants under one year of age in Philadelphia Maps and charts: 1. 2. Deaths of children under one year, from one to two years, and from two to five years, _and percentage of deaths under five years to total mortality for thirty years Births and deaths from diarrhea and enteritis under two years of age in relation to density of population, 1909 . Births and deaths from diarrhea and enteritis under two years of age in relation to the density of population, 1908 . Total deaths under five years of age in relation to maximum, minimum, and mean temperature, and humidity for the year 1909 . Total deaths under one year in relation to maximum, minimum, and mean temper- ature, and humidity by weeks for the year 1909 . Total deaths under two years in relation to maximum and mean temperature, and humidity by weeks for the year 1909 . Deaths under one year from all causes in relation to feeding; maximum, minimum, and mean temperature; and humidity during the summer 1910 . Deaths under one year and between one and two years in relation to feeding; maxi- mum, minimum, and mean temperature; and humidity by weeks during the summer of 1910 . Total deaths per 1000 of population compared with deaths under one year, deaths under two years, and deaths under five years, by years since 1880 . Total deaths per 1000 of population compared with deaths under one year, deaths under two years, and deaths under five years, by months during the year 1909 . Births and deaths per 1000 population for thirty years 2. Weights with different kinds of feeding, Philadelphia General Hospital . Bacteriological examinations of milk . Publicity that counts, giving head lines of newspaper articles - Number of births during the year and number of those living at the end of the year . Instructions in nursing . Instructions in nursing . Elucidating deaths of 1909 . Bottles with labels of the more common soothing syrups, cartoons, etc., and printed matter; entitled, ‘‘Dangerous Drugs” . Weight of baby . Number of babies who died during the year . Death rate at each age period . Showing location of playgrounds and milk stations in Philadelphia . Showing ward lines in relation thereto . Showing deaths by wards from diarrhea and enteritis in children under two years of age and all deaths from all causes in children under five years of age per 1000 population 67 Some of the illustrated charts on the care of babies were worded as follows: KEEP NIPPLES CLEAN Dirty nipples make pure milk unfit for use Do not use Use this kind this kind A plain rubber nipple, easy to clean (Samples) (Samples) 68 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW | (Colored picture of baby on floor) IT IS DANGEROUS TO ALLOW BABY TO CRAWL ON THE FLOOR AND THEN CARRY THE DIRT AND GERMS FROM HIS FINGERS TO HIS MOUTH DON’T SPIT ON THE FLOOR (Photograph of mother nursing baby) THIS BABY GETS A SQUARE MEAL DOES YOURS? SPEAKING OF FLIES! ! ! (Picture of baby and flies swarming about) PROTECT YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY AGAINST FLIES (Bureau of Health leaflet on flies) (Picture of a baby in basket screened) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS MILK IS THE ONLY SAFE FOOD FOR INFANTS THESE ARE DANGEROUS (Colored pictures of) Corn on cob Cucumber Ice cream cone Banana Pretzel Apple Soda water Root beer Watermelon Tea or coffee KEEP BABY’S MOUTH CLEAN WASH SEVERAL TIMES A DAY (Picture of baby with open mouth and hand pointing to mouth) DANGER These contain opium or equally dangerous drugs Give no medicine unless ordered by the doctor U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (Wrappers of various A dangerous patent Farmer s medicines commonly Bulletin given to infants) No. 393. These are the most prominent ‘‘ Killers” in Philadelphia, but there are many others not on this list equally dangerous. 69 70 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW BATHE YOUR CHILD EVERY DAY On hot days sponge off several times (Colored picture of baby in basin) Don’t shake baby up and down (Woman tossing baby) : to amuse it Baby needs sleep. Notina (Picture of soft feather bed baby asleep) Clean house (Picture of baby Clean food, nipples, Clean bottles in bath) and baby Give cool boiled water to drink several times a day On hot days dress cool and comfortable (Picture of baby (Picture of baby ready for bath) Learn how to take care lightly dressed) of the baby Baby needs a bath every day and sponging several times on hot days Photographs of beds for the baby improvised from a clothes basket and a large splint basket eaten: DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS BABY NEEDS 16 TO 20 HOURS SLEEP EVERY DAY A quiet room His own bed A cool place No flies No soft feather mattress No cooking in room (Illustrated with photographs) (Photograph of a cheap ice box) MILK NOT PROPERLY ICED IS UNSAFE TO USE MAKE AN ICE BOX FOR YOUR HOME A wooden box Bucket ; Entire cost Saw-dust or excelsior | 45 cents Wewspapers J SPEAKING OF FLIES (Flies swarming) KILL EVERY FLY (A weapon for killing flies constructed from a piece of wire screening tacked to a wooden handle) MAKE ONE OF THESE FOR EVERY ROOM IN THE HOUSE 71 72 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW BABY LOGIC Warm weather causes poor, warm, or dirty milk to spoil Spoiled milk and babies do not agree The wrong food, or food wrongly prepared, causes sick babies Dirt, flies, and foul air cause sickness More babies die during the summer than the winter Get pure, clean, cold milk and keep it so Learn how to feed the baby Get plenty of fresh air Avoid dirt and flies BOTTLE FEEDING IS DANGEROUS IF NOT DONE EXACTLY RIGHT Don’t use any but clean, fresh milk Don’t buy milk from any dealer who does not keep his milk, store, bottles, and cans clean Don’t buy milk that is exposed to flies and dust Don’t buy milk in open cans and pitchers—use milk bottles Don’t let milk remain for hours on door step—place immediately on ice Don’t use left-over milk—use a fresh bottle for each feeding Circular (English and Yiddish) Care of the baby in hot weather Take one home and read it When baby is sick telephone City Hall, Room 580 or tell any policeman a L. Raita stciicsceniinmientcrs DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 73 CLEAN NURSING BOTTLES It is dangerous for the baby’s milk to touch anything that is not perfectly clean As soon as the baby’s bottle is empty do these three things: 1. Wash it out first with cold water 2. Then wash it out with hot water and borax or soda (a teaspoonful of borax or soda to a pint of water) 3. Place the bottle upside down on a clean shelf Wash out bottles with boiling water just before filling with milk IS YOUR BABY OF NORMAL WEIGHT? | D oes he show a natural, healthy increase from week to week? WEIGHT OF A NORMAL BABY Age At birth I mo. 2 mo. 3 mo. 4 mo. 5 mo. 6 mo. 7 mo. 8 mo. 9 mo. Io mo. II mo. I2 mo. HAVE YOUR BABY WEIGHED AT LEAST ONCE A MONTH 7A REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Age Under I year I— 2 years 5- 9 years 10-15 years 25-30 years 45-50 years 60-65 years 70-75 years 80-85 years 90-95 years 95 and over One electric sign was used displaying terse sentences referring to the milk question and infant feeding, and numerous other signs contained such axioms as: TOTAL MORTALITY HAS STEADILY DECREASED ARE THE BABIES GETTING THEIR SHARE? INFANT MORTALITY IS THE MOST SENSITIVE INDEX WE POSSESS OF SOCIAL WELFARE DEATH RATE AT EACH AGE PERIOD (U. S. Census 1890-1900) Death Rate 1890 1900 205. 165.4 84.9 46.6 7:3 5-2 3.8 3-3 9.9 8.6 16.5 15.2 32.8 35-1 64.5 75.2 144.6 165.8 260. 339-2 347.1 418. IT IS THE BUSINESS OF THE MUNICIPALITY TO SEE THAT YOU OBTAIN PURE, CLEAN, FRESH MILK IT IS THE BUSINESS OF THE PEOPLE TO SEE THAT THEY KEEP MILK PURE, CLEAN, AND FRESH DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS IT IS NOT THE BABIES BORN BUT THE BABIES SAVED THAT COUNT THE BUSINESS OF REARING BABIES MUST BE CLASSED AS AN “EXTRA HAZARDOUS OCCUPATION ”’ 90 PER CENT OF THE BABIES DYING OF DIGESTIVE TROUBLES ARE BOTTLE-FED. WHY? BABIES DIE FROM THE HEAT OF SUMMER BECAUSE THE HEAT SPOILS THE MILK AND MAKES IT UNFIT TO GIVE TO THE BABY HEAT BREEDS DISEASE GERMS IN THE MILK KEEP THE MILK COOL NURSE YOUR BABY IF IT SEEMS TO YOU THAT YOUR BREAST MILK DOES NOT AGREE WITH THE CHILD OR YOU HAVE NOT ENOUGH MILK CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR HE MAY BE ABLE TO CORRECT THE WRONG AND SAVE YOUR BABY 76 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 4763 BABIES UNDER ONE YEAR OF AGE DIED LAST YEAR HALF OF THESE DIED DURING THE SUMMER AT LEAST HALF OF THESE COULD HAVE BEEN SAVED WILL YOUR BABY BE AMONG THIS YEAR’S LIST? In connection with this exhibit the Louisville Babies’ Milk Fund Association sent a set of photographs and charts illustrating the work of the association; a model of a milk bottle bank; a carrier for milk bottles; and lantern slides illustrating the work of the association. The Department of Health of the city of Chicago sent charts and test samples showing the control of the milk supply in Chicago; photographs showing some of the conditions met in the handling of milk; copies of ordinances and rules; and charts showing local epidemics of typhoid fever due to milk infection. The Warelands Dairy Training School located at Norfolk, Massachusetts, sent photographs illustrating the various courses given at the school. SEcTION 21—PuiatE XXXV Exhibit of Record Forms and Instruments in Use by Various Cities in Milk Inspection Work The various forms and records used by the following cities in connection with the taking of milk samples for laboratory examination, were contributed: . Baltimore, Maryland . Boston, Massachusetts Buffalo, New York . Chicago, Tlinois . Cleveland, Ohio Los Angeles, California . Montclair, New Jersey . New York, New York . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania San Francisco, California. SO 00 ~3 o> rE 69 29 — The New Jersey State Board of Health sent samples of their forms and records. The Buffalo Board of Health sent two models of milk cans, one of which was a type approved by the Board of Health, the other being a type which had been condemned by them. A few other sanitary milk buckets and shipping cans were shown. - Representatives from the Division of Milk Inspection of the Bureau of Health of this city were in attendance ready to explain the methods of milk inspection as practised in this city. GQNNOUOAAOHX NI NVO MIN AUVLINVS ‘SASATIVNV ANOLVAUOIVT WOH SHIdINVS SATIN HO ODNINVLI NI SHILIO SNOIMVA Ad GHSN SOLVUVddY GNV SNUOA AUNOoAA Ig NOILOaS AXXX divIg my AN ENING wolf ai saqyioq aif} : aua}{ } ae $ ima saapadsu SIWUVH AYIVG THGOW HO SHdVUYDOLOHd “SLSHINOO WVaAYO GNV MTN NI GHUGUVMV SdNO AZIUd ZG NOILIAS IAXXX 4ivig SO}u0D SLT AR/ Wuvt AYIVA THAOW AO SGOHLAW GNV LNV1d JO SHdVUDOLOHd ANV SUAM TIN AO STACOW GaSN SNWUOX LYOdaaA ANV ‘SGOHLAUW “LNANdINOA HLIM ‘IVLIdSOH NI SHIGVE AO AMVO ODNIMOHS SHdVUDOLOHA subae rts TAXXX aLv1g ‘P'N HIEMON _ - dO 1VLIdSOH SHIGVd FHL Puy | GqesuOISSIUOD yNW AJUNOD XeSSyeUl JO qLYXY Ae ew Ajea09 wose4 0 Co TNS, | elAHOM DE ssaeuyvoiin / Salis G31iNy indy jposojotiarseg 40 AON Ean ‘AUVSNAdSIG WIIW IWLIdSOH Sal8Vg JH) TN AINNOD X3SS) °NOISSINMOD WIIW 1YOIGIH., DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 77 SECTION 22—PratE XXXVI Exhabit of Prizes in Milk Contests This section was used for the purpose of displaying the various cups to be awarded in the certified milk and cream contest and in the market milk and cream contest. The cups were donated by the Philadelphia Pediatric Society. On the walls of this section were hung photographs of model dairy farms. SECTION 23—Puatr XXXVII Exhibit of the Medical Milk Commission of Essex County, New Jersey; and the Babies’ Hospital of Newark, New Jersey In this booth were shown numerous photographs of the plant and methods of the Fairfield Dairy Company, Montclair, New Jersey, and of the Babies’ Hospital of Newark, New Jersey. ; Models about four feet in height were shown representing the milkers employed by the Fairfield Dairy Company. They were dressed in white milking suits and caps, and carried the most approved type of small-mouthed milk pails and metal milking stools. Samples of charts and score cards in use in the Babies’ Hospital were displayed and trained nurses from the hospital were in attendance to give explanations and answer questions. Among the charts hung in this section were some reading: 1. The mother’s sorrow in the early death of her puny infant should stimulate vigorous and humane agencies which will prevent such tears and deep grief. We should provide air, sunlight, water, food, and knowledge which will permit other babies to utilize the life to which they have a natural birthright 2. There is no other material out of which we can fashion citizens than the baby, either those now with us or the babies yet unborn. Out of this fact grow two civic duties of the greatest importance, namely To give them at the outset a sound body And later to furnish them with a sound mind 3. The intrinsic value of a human life should be recognized and estimated before it unfolds or ripens; long before it can work or endure or add to the common weal or welfare 4. In the United States The yearly waste of infant life is seen In about 300,000 deaths in the first year (300,000) Most of this mortality is due to cruel Ignorance 5. One ounce of additional prevention is worth twenty pounds of hospital cure. 90% of the sickness among the infants of the poor is due to ignorance. Ignorance is never removed from the homes of the poor except through instruction given through philanthropy 6. The infants of the poor are found among three classes of parents which have been defined as: God’s poor The devil's poor Poor devils The Babies’ Hospital is no respecter of these babies. They are all human, innocent and worthy 5 7. Healthy children are national assets of great value. Unsound, defective children are destined to become a national burden in adult life 8. Wise charity does not pauperize the poor, but helps them by adding to their resources enough money or assistance to solve the problem, whether it be one of poverty or sickness. 78 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW SEcTION 24—PriatTeE XXXVIII Exhibit of the American Association of Medical Milk Commissions The material shown in this section consisted of: 1. Numerous photographs of dairy farms producing milk which is being certified by commissions belonging to the association 2. Charts showing the purpose of the organization 3. Charts showing the growth of the milk commission idea 4. Charts showing the results of four years’ work 5. Map showing the location of medical milk commissions in the United States and Canada 6. Collection of sanitary milk utensils and instruments from the Walker-Gordon Labora- tory Company, used in shipping and delivering milk 7. Display of apparatus used by the Walker-Gordon Laboratory Company in the modi- fication of milk. SECOND FLOOR EXHIBITS On this floor at the front of the building was located the executive office, where the committee on arrangements in general made its headquarters, with the secretary actively in charge. The special publicity agent and her stenographer also did most of their work here, and, of course, all officers and committees used the office for consultation and the general transaction of business incident to the installation of the exhibits and the management of the exhibition. Section 25—Priares XXXIX and XL Pathological Exhibit of the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board This exhibit was presided over by skilled attendants who explained to con- tinuous crowds of interested visitors the meaning of the many charts showing chemical tests to detect disease; tuberculosis in cattle; specimens of various parts © and organs of animals affected with disease; and slides showing the results of bacteriological examinations of different kinds of milk. A large refrigerator was installed in this section for the purpose of keeping properly the many specimens. SEcTION 26—Puates XLI and XLII Exhibit of the Dairy Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture This exhibit was deservedly popular because of the splendid collection of large framed photographs shown, with contrasting views hung side by side, depicting the complete story of good and bad production and handling of milk. The photo- graphs in themselves were most interesting and instructive, but were made much more emphatic by the explanations of the special representatives of the Government, who were detailed here throughout the period of the Show. Numerous views with terse inscriptions were shown for each of the following main topics: 1. Stables for cows Dirty and dangerous Clean and safe SMTIIN AO NOILVOISIGON GNV DNIddIHS NI GSN STISNALN STIIN “SNOISSIININOD MTIN TVOIGUN HO SLTNSHU GNV ‘HLMOUD ‘ASOdUuUNd ONI “MOHS SLUVHO “MTWIN GHIWILYHO ONIONGOUd SNAUVA AMIVG AO SCOHLYW GNV LNAWdINOE SNIMOHS SHdVUDOLOHA PG NOLS IIAXXX SLv1d “ SuOISSIUIOD MIA Uol}PIDOSSy LeDLiaLtiyoMn JoyIquyx i SLUVd GHSVHSIG ONIMOHS SLUVHO CGNV ‘SHdVYDOLOHd “SNHWIONdS “ATLLVO NI ASVASIG LOULAG OL SLSHL TVOINGAHOS HO SLINSaAY AGNV SGOHLAW EXGIPNONONE ALVId CZ NOILOTS SHBZAG SWE * OF BOR juaujseded Ayeulsa}on ou | LIGIHXY TV9I90'10H1Vd INIMOHS SLUVHO NOILONGOUd MTN NI SHSSHOOUd ANV ‘STISNALN AO SGNIM SNOIIVA HO SHdAL GHAOCUdd VY LSOW TX. ALVId HO SHSM HO SHIGNLS TWOIDO (ch =aG NOILOAS ‘Bulys tage anp osva.ss “paychas _ | Pe4snsq 309 Y Uf uy is WA YO Sato HOFenP HoupiUMD OD Busnoyg “ve LLL IE TOIMALIVA Spuapriys rid _ ehiys ayy Sieg suospuce & seyo “yjius 014 fo yuaqucs ws4as |Z Ho Drs, Mi ewe @ 4aof\o Buyuneus Kap Bu ais Hap peas zoy Map panies 7 he Co Hites jou fo yooh fo aut Butniaig Wipe offip 280i9np Le HO SLTNSHA GNV STIVd MTIIN fingzors “YQ 40d viaayond ct Disoprg 6% fies pts 2408, og eres “Hjs2d Disafovg ezs | 4OU HLH 2408 : “pLsafI04 ii arquny uonpus esol Suryooles fo iti) IBEW LAD HK APTI ATE SIN WIG BILLA! GIL MOE RIV, 7 MOBL LRG PIE BD WOLETIO K FRO MOPIDD THO Bk pale Surmeys & ae GENE SUNT 55 a9 « ie 6 : JLY MTN AO ONVIGNVH SHSNOH NTN ATLLVO AMIVC ‘SHTAVLS AO SNOILIGNO 9G NOILOAS J dvd GNV GOOD ONIMOHS SHdVUDOLOHd ONILSVULNOD 40 AIVET LAaT VIX aLv1g GRE: wus | Mi Aig. . ) -ABEIWAH ONY NWI Gasvasia any xia ONMGNYH ONY OHH ‘ § ay ; < FUN AMIN 7 FLO KBde WALSAS NOILOUdSNI GUYVO-ANOOS AO SLTNSAWM GNV ‘MTN AO AHNIVA GOO “ANOH AHL NI M1IN AO AUVO NOILNATHLSIG MTN SLNVId MTN ALIO HO SNOILIGNOO GV& GNV GOOD SNIMOHS SHAVUDOLOHA ONILSVUYLNOO QZ NOILOAS AO ATIVE, LHOIYT IVIX d1iv1d AdVS ONY YOI GTuvD — ShowsONNE ORY duos 5 j | avs Ony Ww yi “6nowsonve NY ALUC Will NWIIS Li “SLNG Id WA _ SENWId MW ALIS ONUIONVA ONY ONIENOZ: ONTIGNYH ONY OME GQNNOUOAAOA NI NUVA AUMIVG AUVLINVS V AO TAGOW “aTVS GNV NOILNAITMLSIG AO SNOILIGNOO GNY ‘SINUVH AMIVG OILSHINOG GNV NOIAMOA ONILVALSNTIL SHdVUDOLOHd 1% NOILOGS IIV1IX F1v1g Yan Ge ~5 Be ak Z ine ie: Bis el cas Sighs Beare yi, pecan ee Y DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 79 2. Dairy cattle Dirty and diseased Clean and healthy 3. Farm milk houses Clean and safe Dirty and dangerous . Methods of cleaning cow stables . Securing and handling Clean milk Dirty milk 6. City milk plants Dirty and dangerous Clean and safe 7. Milk distribution Dirty and dangerous Clean and safe 8. Milk in the home Neglected and dangerous Cared for and safe 9. Food value of milk 10. Market milk investigations 11. Score card system of dairy inspection. or > SECTION 27—PuatTEe XLIII Exhibit of the State Board of Health of Maryland The wall space of this large section was completely filled with placards, charts, and maps showing dairy farm and milk handling conditions in various countries and cities. The following placards containing photographs showing foreign conditions were displayed, the number of photographs being given in parenthesis following each subject: . Milk animals (26) . Milch goats (23) Palermo milk girl with goats and jars—idealized—(colored picture) Milk maids (20) . Dairies (14) . Methods of handling milk in foreign countries (9) . Conveyances for delivering milk (30) . Conditions of milk and dairy service (16 postal cards) . Dairy and laboratory (2) 10. Corner of Havana milk market overlooking the harbor 11. Corner of the Havana milk market by the sea wall overlooking the harbor 12. (1) warehouse for butter; (2) department of refrigerating machinery, steam engine 13. (1) laboratory; (2) refrigerating machinery 14. (1) bottle cleaning department; (2) laboratory. ( ~¥ D> Or 00 1 Placards containing photographs showing domestic conditions were also shown: . Work of Philadelphia Pasteurized Milk Society (10). Also samples of pamphlets . Philadelphia milk distributing stations (10) . Baltimore cow stable, no longer in existence since the passage of the Eisenbrandt ordinance City cow stable, no longer in existence since the passage of the Eisenbrandt ordinance . Cow stables (6) . Cow stables (2) . Dairies (5) . Interior of dairy . Exterior of Quarry Farm dairy (2) . Interior of Quarry Farm dairy SOO EDA ©9 t — 80 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 11. Dairy farm—Erahaust Farms (10) 12. Proper means of handling milk 13. Milk receiving stations 14. Goats (4) 15. Different milk products (10) 16. Work of milk commission (5) 17. Oakland, California (5) 18. Pennsylvania State College Dairy School (Several) 19. Ohio State University (19) 20. University of Tennessee (27) 21. Miscellaneous (8) Charts were shown: . Value of farm products. United States, 1859, 1878, 1889 . Value of dairy and total farm products in the United States, 1900 Number of cattle to square mile, 1900 . Milk area, American cities of over 200,000 . Rural Maryland, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 . Baltimore, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 . Board of Health of New Jersey. Examination of milk Boston bio-chemical laboratory. Diagram of milk inspection, June, 1905—March, 1906 . Bacteriological examination of milk | . Cheese and butter production, 1850-1890 j . Amount of energy and building materials got for one shilling in some typical foods i . Percentage of nutrients not absorbed in some typical foods | . Miscellaneous (7) OO ~E D Or | 09 19 io 09 De © CO Maps: 1. Road map of Maryland 2. Stations from which milk and cream are shipped and territory covered by dairy inspec- tion. District of Columbia Health Department. | In this section was also displayed an interesting model of the dairy barns on the © farm of French Brothers and Bauer, Lebanon, Ohio. i Floor space measuring about forty-seven by ninety-two feet was devoted to exhibits of a commercial nature. The following firms installed exhibits as noted: Floor plan section number Size Name and kind of exhibit 3A, 3B, and 4A...... 8’ x 94’ Mr. Lee H. P. Maynard, 1937 Market Street, an ex- hibit of a commercial laboratory 2 bee area meen 8’x 8! Mr. William Kelly, 1204 Pine Street, an exhibit of milk, ete. HN coed eee ball eR 4’x 8! Mr. Paul Doering, 1228 North Howard Street, an ex- hibit of a cooler and aerator DA cto, Pee ee ae 4’x 8! Messrs. Schutte and Koerting, 12th and Thompson Streets, an exhibit of a milk pasteurizer SB iiss Lea ns ee 8’x 8’ Independent Milk Dealers, 423 Fitzwater Street, an exhibit of milk, ete. GA and Bikini sesee 8’ x 16’ Mechanical Refrigerating Machine Company, 864 North Franklin Street, an exhibit of an ice machine 7 Commercial Exhibits q i : DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS Floor plan section number Size Name and kind of exhibit WA and B....... 0a. 8’ x 16’ Mr. Edward Woolman, 4709 Lancaster Avenue, an exhibit of photographs of a pasteurizer LU estore tS is ae Rg SexiS) Caloris Manufacturing Company, 2110 West Alle- gheny Avenue, an exhibit of Caloris bottles OB Shon oe aide 8250/8" Dairy Specialty Company, West Chester, Pennsyl- vania, an exhibit of a mechanical milker, etc. 10A and B........... 8’ x 16’ Charles H. Phillips Company, New York City, an ex- hibit of milk of magnesia THT Bes aS ieR esar 8’x 8 Root Dairy Supply Company, West Grove, Pennsyl- vania, an exhibit showing filler and capper com- bined, dairy-sized cooler, milk pails, etc. WA and B...:....... 8’ x 16’ P. E. Sharpless Company, 813 North 11th Street, an exhibit showing shipping arrangements for butter; an exhibit of butter itself; cheese, ice cream; and evaporated milk for ice cream TSB SiO ae oto aaa aS 8’x 8’ Single Service Package Corporation of America, 71 Broadway, New York City, an exhibit of paper bottles GIB) S ioe ees Rare arate sxe Messrs. S. R. and S. W. Kennedy and Company, 28 South Water Street, an exhibit of cheese, butter, and case evaporated and condensed milk 14A and B........... 8’ x 16’ Mr. Samuel Shapiro, 638 North Franklin Street, an exhibit of a cooler adapted for use by farmers, milk can covers of various designs, an improved ice ring for the tops of cans, an improved pas- teurizer and cooler, an improved can I5AVand Biss 5 oa: 8’ x 16’ The Crown Cork and Seal Company, Baltimore, Mary- land, an exhibit showing a milk bottle corking machine TIGHAN iat ete ace een 8’x 8 Kensington Engine Works Company, Beach and Berks : Streets, an exhibit showing an apparatus for dis- infecting or sterilizing milk bottles by steam i Acand (Boe. oe. 8’ x 16’ Abbott’s Alderney Dairies, 1823 Filbert Street, an ex- hibit of milk and milk products, photographs of plant, etc. AN SVAN ete Getcy hee ca 8’x 8’ Dairymen’s Supply Company, Baltimore Avenue and P. R. R., Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, an exhibit of dairy supplies TUES Bs eye ta ae rate aS 8’x 8’ West Disinfecting Company, 1303 Race Street, an ex- hibit of liquid soap for washing hands, of for- maldehyde generators, of chloronapthaleum (a disinfectant) and of creolin TION gs eee man nema S’x 8’ Achor Chocolate Manufacturing Company, 1338 Cherry Street, an exhibit of milk chocolate and chocolactine OD etree citstae Saves SExiecd The Underwriters Company (Mr. Volkert O. Lawrence, President), 13th and Walnut Streets, in the name of the American Milk Improvement Company, an exhibit of Eversweet Milk 20A and B........... 8’ x 16’ The Supplee Alderney Dairies, 1118 Jefferson Street, an exhibit of photographs and products, and Fermillac @UAand Bea. a.s. ss 8’ x 16’ The J. B. Ford Company, Michigan (W. E. Ratz, 415 Bulletin Building, Philadelphia), an exhibit show- ing Wyandotte powder for washing bottles and pans, ete. 22Avand! Ba. os. oe 8’ x 16’ Exhibition lecture hall, Creamery Package Company, 1907 Market Street, an exhibit of a pasteurizer. Nt site | ri is “1 . a ou i ms i ihe APPENDIX A Program of the Milk Show. Folded Size: 6 Inches by 11 Inches Note :—For reproduction of first, or cover, page see plate II, opposite p. 16. The fourth page contained the programs of the Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers and the Dairy Institute. These programs are reprinted as appendices B and C respectively, because they were also printed separately from the Milk Show program. 3 z MOVING-PICTURE DEMONSTRATIONS AT THE CLOSE OF EACH SESSION AFTERNOON AND EVENING LECTURES AND DEMONSTRATIONS OPENING DAY—SATURDAY, May 20 3 P. M. Presiding Officer, DR. C. J. HATFIELD, Vice-Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Philadelphia Milk Show ADDRESS OF WELCOME: Hon. John E. Reyburn, Mayor of the City of Philadelphia. THE PRESENT CONDITION OF THE MILK SUPPLY OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA: Dr. Joseph S. Neff, Director of the Department of Public Health and Charities. MEANS OF CORRECTING THE DEFECTS IN PHILADELPHIA’S MILK SUPPLY: Dr. S. McC. Hamill, Chairman of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society Milk Commission. 12.20 P. M. Dr. H. Brooker Mills. 8 P. M. Presiding Officer, DR. WARD BRINTON, Physician to the Philadelphia General Hospital THE DISSEMINATION OF DISEASE BY MILK: Dr. Randle C. Rosenberger, Professor of Bacteriology, Jefferson Medical School. MILK AS A FOOD: Dr. Lawrence F. Flick, Director of White Haven Sanatorium. THE HOURS OF DELIVERY OF MILK TO THE CONSUMER AND THE CARE OF THE EMPTY MILK BOTTLE: Dr. J. C. Gittings, Instructor in Diseases of Children, University of Pennsylvania. SUNDAY, May 21 LECTURES IN YIDDISH - 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. L. W. STEINBACH, Professor of Surgery, Philadelphia Polyclinic and School for Graduates in Medicine INFANT MORTALITY AND THE MILK QUESTION: Dr. Maurice Goldberg, Member of the Philadel- phia Pediatric Society. CARE OF MILK IN THE HOME: Dr. S. Seilikowitch, Member of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society. 8 P. M. FOR EMPLOYEES IN DEPARTMENT STORES Presiding Officer, DR. JAMES M. ANDERS, Professor of the Practice of Medicine, Medico-Chirurgical Medical School THE VALUE OF MILK TO THE INDOOR “WORKER: Dr. James H. McKee, Professor of Children’s Diseases at Temple University. MILK PRODUCTS IN RELATION TO HEALTH: Dr. Jesse D. Burks, Director of the Bureau of Mu- nicipal Research. MONDAY, May 22 12.20 P. M. Dr. Alex. H. Davisson. 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. D. J. MILTON MILLER, Member of the American Pediatric Society THE MEDICAL MILK COMMISSION AND ITS PURPOSES: Dr. Henry L. Coit, President of the New Jersey State Pediatric Society. DAIRY EDUCATION AMONGST THE PRODUCERS OF MILK (Lantern Slides): Mr. W. E. Miller, President of the Certified Milk Producers’ Association of America. 8 P. M. Presiding Officer, DR. J. T. RUGH, President of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN TRACEABLE TO BAD MILK: Dr. Abraham Jacobi, Emeritus Pro- fessor of the Diseases of Children, Columbia University, New York. THE PRODUCTION OF CLEAN RAW MILK: Mr. Stephen Francisco, Ex-President of the Certified Milk Producers’ Association of America. TUESDAY, May 23 ir A.M. MILK IN COOKING: Miss Edna Klaer, Drexel Institute. 12.20 P. M. Dr. S. W. Newmeyer. 3 P. M. “a P Presiding Officer, DR. JAMES TYSON, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Univ. of Pa. THE CARE OF MILK IN THE HOME: Dr. G. M. Whitaker, In Charge of Market Milk Investigations, Dairy Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture. THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER CONTROL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTER: Dr. Alfred F. Hess, Bacteriological Department, Board of Health, New York City. 8 P. M. Presiding Officer, MR. J. PRENTICE MURPHY, Secretary and Superintendent of the Children’s Bureau of Philadelphia MILK SUPPLY OF VILLAGES: Dr. H. W. Conn, Professor of Bacteriology, Wesleyan University. THE RELATIONSHIP OF MILK TO TUBERCULOSIS IN HUMAN BEINGS: Dr. William H. Park, Chief Bacteriologist of the Department of Health, New York City. WEDNESDAY, May 24 11 A.M. Under the Auspices of the Civic Club THE ELIMINATION OF THE FLY (Illustrated): Mrs. R. Tait McKenzie. 11.40 A. M. LANTERN SLIDE AND MOVING-PICTURE DEMONSTRATION. (Second Page) 85 12 M. THE VALUE OF INSTRUCTION BY THE VISITING NURSE IN CONNECTION WITH THE CARE OF MILK IN THE HOME: Miss Ellen C. Babbitt, Russell Sage Foundation, New York. 3 P. M. Presiding Officer, DR. J. C. WILSON, Professor of Medicine, Jefferson Medical School MILK AS A CARRIER OF INFECTION: Dr. E. C. Schroeder, Superintendent Experiment Station, B. A. I., U. S. Department of Agriculture. METHODS OF PROTECTING MILK SUPPLIES FROM SOURCES OF INFECTION: Dr. John R. Mohler, Chief of Pathological Division, B.-A. I., U. S. Department of Agriculture. 8 P. M. Presiding Officer, DR.J.S. NEFF, Director of the Department of Public Health and Charities PASTEURIZATION OF MILK: Dr. M. J. Rosenau, Professor of Preventative Medicine and Hyzgiene, Harvard University. SAFEGUARDING THE HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION OF MILK IN CITIES: Dr. W. A. Evans, Health Officer of the City of Chicago. THURSDAY, May 25 ir A. M. MILK IN THE DAILY MENU: Miss Lena Powers, Drexel Institute. 12.20 P. M. Dr. Walter S. Cornell. 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. SAMUEL G. DIXON, Commissioner of Health of Pennsylvania THE MEANS OF IMPROVING MARKET MILK—CARRIED OUT BY THE UNITED STATES DE- PARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE: Dr. G. M. Whitaker, In Charge of Market Milk Investigations, Dairy Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture. THE INSPECTION OF DAIRY HERDS—WHAT THE INSPECTOR DOES AND WHY HE DOES IT: Dr. J. P. Turner, Chief Milk Inspector of the City of Washington. 8 P. M. Presiding Officer, REV. HERMAN L. DUHRING, Superintendent of City Missions THE RELATIVE VALUE OF MILK AND OTHER FOODS, ESPECIALLY THE ADVERTISED SUB- STITUTES FOR MILK: Dr. David L. Edsall, Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. WHAT THE CONSUMER SHOULD DEMAND OF THE MILKMAN: Dr. John Amyot, Health Officer of the City of Toronto, Canada. FRIDAY, May 26 12.20 P. M. THE ELIMINATION OF THE FLY (lllustrated): Dr. W. N. Bradley. 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, DR. E. E. GRAHAM, Professor of Diseases of Children, Jefferson Medical College ICE CREAM AND ITS RELATION TO PUBLIC HEALTH: Dr. Geo. W. Stiles, Bacteriological Chemist of the Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. THE DECEPTIONS PRACTICED IN THE PREPARATION AND SALE OF MILK: Dr. Charles H. LaWall, Chemist of the Pennsylvania State Dairy and Food Department. 8 P. M. Presiding Officer, DR. R. H. HARTE, Surgeon of the Pennsylvania Hospital CONSUMERS’ ORGANIZATIONS IN RELATION TO THE MILK QUESTION: Mrs. William Lowell Putnam, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Massachusetts Milk Consumers’ Association. DANGEROUS PRACTICES IN THE HANDLING OF MILK: Dr. Otto P. Geier, Secretary of the Amer- ican Association of Medical Milk Commissions. SATURDAY, May 27 11 A. M. HOME-MADE ICE CREAM: Mrs. Anna B. Scott, of the North American. 12.20 P. M. Dr. Theo. LeBoutillier. 3 P.M. Presiding Officer, MR. W. W. PHILLIPS, of the Tri-State Milk Producers’ Association HOW TO PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY MILK: Dr. George M. Whitaker, In Charge of Market Milk In- vestigations, Dairy Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture. INSPECTION OF DAIRY HERDS AS INSTALLED BY THE STATE LIVE STOCK SANITARY BOARD: Dr. C. J. Marshall, Veterinarian of the State of Pennsylvania. AWARDING OF PRIZES The cups given as prizes for the Certified Milk and Cream Contest are donated by the Milk Commission of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society, and the cups for the Market Milk and Cream Contest by the Philadelphia Milk Exchange. 8 P. M. Presiding Officer, MR. J. A. VOGLESON, Chief of the Bureau of Health THE JOURNEY OF MILK FROM THE COW TO THE CONSUMER: Mr. John D. Nichols, President of the International Milk Dealers’ Association. THE DUTY OF THE PUBLIC IN THE CRUSADE FOR CLEAN MILK: Dr. Talcott Williams, LL.D. Special demonstrations of the exhibits daily by the following corps of instructors: 1 A. M. to 2 P. M.—Dr. N. F. Bricker, Dr. Mark T. Bowie, Dr. Walter H. Oliver, Dr. Ward Brinton. . to 5 P. M.—Dr. Sidney J. Repplier, Dr. Jacobina S. Reddie, Dr. A. G. Tinney, Dr. Randolph Faries. . to ro P. M.—Dr. Benj. D. Parish, Dr. Marianna Taylor, Dr. J. McPhee Hincken, Dr. Frank Baird. . to 5 P. M. Sunday.—Dr. N. H. Hornstine in Yiddish, Although the Philadelphia Milk Show has tried to properly censor the commercial ex- hibits, it cannot hold itself responsible for statements or opinions expressed by commer- cial exhibitors, nor particularly recommend their products above other similar ones. 86 (Third Page) CONFERENCE OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICERS 87 APPENDIX B Program of the Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers. Folded Size: 34% Inches by 6 Inches Note:—For reproduction of first, or cover, page see plate II, opposite p. 16. —— TGhe text of the Conference is the Report of the Philadelphia Milk Commission, and contemplates a Discussion of the entire ATILK PROBLEM MORNING SESSION TEN O'CLOCK CHARLES B. PENROSE, M. D. PRESIDING Special Discussion with Relation to “The Need Of, and the Results from Regulation of Milk Supplies ”’ To be Opened by ERNST J. LEDERLE, Ph.D. Commissioner of Health, New York City H. H. WILEY, M. D. Chief of Bureau of Chemistry, United States Department of Agriculture C. HAMPSON JONES, M. D. Assistant Commissioner of Health, Baltimore, Md. Professor CHARLES H. LaWALL Chemist, State Food Commission, Pennsylvania CHARLES J. HASTINGS, M. D. Medical Health Officer, Toronto, Canada F. H. STADTMUELLER, ESQ. Health Officer, Elmwood, Connecticut GENERAL DISCUSSION a (Second Page) 88 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW sg SS AFTERNOON SESSION THREE O'CLOCK A. C. ABBOTT, M.D., LL. D. PRESIDING Special Discussion in Relation to “The Development of, and the Practical Application of Milk Laws” To be opened by W. A. EVANS, M. D. Commissioner of Health, Chicago, III. JOHN A. AMYOT, M. D. Health Officer, Ontario, Canada E. C. LEVY, M. D. Chief Health Officer, Richmond, Virginia GEORGE W. McGUIRE Chief, Division of Creameries and Dairies, State Board of Health, Trenton, New Jersey Prof H. E. VanaNORMAN Professor of Dairy Husbandry, Pennsylvania State College, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania WILLIAM GIMPER, V. M. D. Supervising Inspector, State Live Stock Sanitary Board, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania GENERAL DISCUSSION —_—S | === (Third Page) Program of the Dairy Institute. Note: For reproduction of first, or cover, page see plate II, opposite p. 16. of fe) ee) 1.) 0. cm 0.0 0 SD) 0) SD SD) 0 SD D0 0 Sa a at PROGRAM OF THE DAIRY INSTITUTE APPENDIX C MAY 24th The Production of Good Milk Hon. E. T. Gill, Presiding Haddon Farms, Haddonfield, N. J. ‘“‘Prepotency in Breeding” DR. CARL W. GAY School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Penn- sylvania “Improving the Dairy Herd” MR. R. J. WELD Sugar Grove, Pa. Discussion: MR. M. F. PHILLIPS Pomeroy, Pa. ‘Feeding for Milk Production ”’ MR. H. W. JEFFERS Walker-Gordon Farms, Plainsboro, N. J. “How Milk May be Contaminated by Disease-Producing Agents ’’ DR. JOHN R. MOHLER Chief, Pathological Division, U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry “Economical Value of Cow Testing’ MR. I. C. COHEE Brandywine Dairy Testing Association, Chadd’s Ford, Pa. ‘Observations on the Dairy Methods in the Ayrshire Country ”’ JOHN R. VALENTINE, Esq. Highland Farm, Bryn Mawr, Pa. (Second Page) | ! | ) | : : : : > ED {> D> ¢ > ND ( ) AD (>< ( ) D> ( > ) ND ( ) TD () ND () > () ND - () ND () (GD () ED () SD () D> -() G-() GD () GD (. i | i | | i I ] | | : % 89 Folded Size: 4 Inches by 9 Inches 90 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW i i i i ] ! i ] i t : f | ! ! ( | MAY 25th Dairy Farm Sanitation and Hygiene Hon. H. W. COMFORT, Presiding Castaneo Dairy Company, Falisington, Pa. ‘Cow Stable Construction—Improving Old Barns” DR. M. E. CONARD West Grove, Pa. “Care of and Cooling Milk on the Farm” MR. A. B. HUEY Secretary, Interstate Milk Producers’ Association, Lenape, Pa. “Influence of Methods of Milking and of Handling Milk on the Quality” MR. CLARENCE B. LANE Philadelphia ‘Purpose of the Recommendations of the Philadelphia Milk Commission’’ DR. C. J. MARSHALL State Veterinarian “Dairy Farm Inspection”’ DR. JOHN P. TURNER Department of Health, District of Columbia DR. H. B. FELTON Department of Public Health and Charities, Phila- delphia “Sanitary Milk Production from the Producer’s Standpoint”’ DR. C. M. SELTZER Spring Brook Farms, Hatboro, Pa. ‘Economical Feeding of Dairy Cows”’ PROF. H. E. VanNORMAN School of Agriculture, State College, Pa. (fps 0) 0) 0) ee 10S SES SED 0 SEE 0-0 SD. 0 SS SS 0S SESS 0D OS 0S SSS 0S] SS 0S (SD 1) -)S- S 0 S- e e 0 SB faa 0 0 0) 0) 0 0S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a eet 1) SED SD 0D 0 0-0 SD (SD 0S (0D D-DD 0 (aD 1 (Third Page) PROGRAM OF THE DAIRY INSTITUTE e ED) ED ED) ae () ) <-( 1 () <> ( ) <--> (>a 0 am (-emmy cm coffe MAY 26th Distribution of Milk Hon. JOHN D. NICHOLS, Presiding President, International Milk Dealers’ Association “Sanitary Milk” DR. A. S. WHEELER Biltmore Farms, Biltmore, N. C. ‘Distribution of Milk in Large Cities”’ PROF. B. H. RAWL Chief, Dairy Division, U. S. Bureau of Animal In- dustry ‘Safeguarding the Handling and Distribu- tion of Milk by the Dealer” DR. NELSON C. DAVIS Sanitarian for H. B. Hood & Sons, Charlestown, Mass. “The Qualifications of Good Milk”’ DR. D. H. BERGEY Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Pennsylvania “Description of a Modern City Pasteur- izing Plant”’ MR. LOTON HORTON President, Sheffield Farms-Slawson Decker Company, New York, N. Y. ‘Scientific Control of the Output of Pas- teurizing and Bottling Plants” DR. CHARLES E. NORTH Chairman, Committee on Sanitation, Bacteriology and Public Health of the New York Milk Committee “The Sanitary Side of the Milk Question” DR. JOHN A. AMYOT Professor of Hygiene, University of Toronto; Bac- teriologist, Provincial Board of Health, Toronto, Canada (foe 0 040) am) 0) 1) 0 ee 0 0-0) 0 0 ee a eee 0-28) ae 0 0) a) 0) 0) 0) 1) ee) 0-1) 0) 0) 0) 0) 1) ee SD (> ( > { > END €)
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Suriog Ajreeu [HUN aIy seayO Jaao INS pue ‘uedaones ul y[IW mau syuId om) Ing AGHM ANIM ‘UI[SNU YsnNoIY} UTeIyS pue pind ay) dn yeaiq wy a}inb uayp, ‘paze[nSeoo ATaITY [HUN pur}s 0} mole uay} ‘UaWIOW e 10J INS 391/qeI yoxunf & Jo Yauua pinby ‘uisdad jo aouassa jo sjnjuoods ~82} OM) YIU Smod WIeMaxN] Jo yuId aUO 0} ppYy AGTHM “SUISN d10Jaq ysnf af330q yoea WeAA sO} BIAS LYOI ut daayx pue Ajpides sapjoq fooo ‘Ajwuy ur ssaddoys ysnd ‘ soweays Areurpso ul saynurw Aj11y} weays ‘19}}2q 10 ‘seynutw AjUaM) [10g {49}e« Poo jo 2]}}0y% Ul SIapjnoys 0} asiawu :sieddojs uon0. ym AQysy syjnow 3njg ‘(Surpaay auo Joy ySnoua Zurpjoy af}30q yoea ‘syuRzUI 10; }[) °$9]330q URalD UI yTIW Jo yUNOW pesinbas ay) Ing ATIN GaZITIMALS ‘Iayiq awodeq fou 777m pasedaid os 4[IW—'g -N ‘asieyo ul ueloisAyd ayi Aq payasip se aye} pue ‘uonsod pasnba: ay} yno (eseq pay) inod ‘3]3}0q ay} sxeYS ‘pepesu uayAA ‘sor|d poo e ut daoy pue [[aM AIO ‘aj\30q UID & OUI INod ‘food Ua AA ‘SOINUIW QT Ul [1Oq BO} BWOD [[IM ainjxIUI ayy yeUuI pordde OS aq Pinoys yeay oy ‘julod Burjiog 0} Juris yUe}suoD YA ‘Jeopy “HA[IW yYse1y ‘plod yo quid e ppe uosy) ‘ {jam Ins {19yeM pjoo jo (j{jLS) jnjduioes, e pue ‘saqny Suiziu0}; -daq pjiyoiey ay} jo ouo ul pauteju0d Japmod au} ‘ued -20NeS paul]-ule[so1od 10 a1eM-a}eSB URIID & OJUI ING : MTIN GAZINOLddd GHTIOd ‘paj}sesip Ajrepimis oq Aeus o3e0-aduods yydI] uIe[q ‘auoe uOIJOd pny aAses pue UII)S 10 WIEM BAIISG ‘saynutut Aj114y} JO} qoy ay} UO pues ja] ‘(ssad01d poo) yl pezruoydad jo [1d nod yse0} jo soot[s OM} 19AC LISVOL MIN GHZINOLdad "JoyeM 9Y} U}IM pajyesodioour pue dn uayoiq ‘uaTfoms A[ysno10y, useq aAeYy sojnueid YoIE}s 94} [UN J9}eM YIM PoTiog aq plNoys [elleyeu snosdeULIEy au} ‘aouejsul yoeo uy ‘esodind 9u} 30} sArOS ]IIM - “oJ ‘eawyeo ‘Aareq ‘snoy ‘joo1mOIe. WO] apew jens “ATMOS Suiddis ‘Ajayerpowun axe} pue [jes 3s ‘sayny duizruo0} -daq pjiyssre.yj ay} JO suo jo SjUa}U0D ay} ppe UeY ‘xIW ‘y[IW plod ysesy jo yuld yyey-ouo pue ‘janid zoy ‘pojiog {Jo ‘3xOIU3 Jo yuId jfey-suo ,[moq dnos e our yng TaANAD MATIN GAUZINOLdad *19}}1q AI[IW Japues 07 YSnoue Buoy eay JOU OG ‘UONSaSIP J9Y}INj YDIyD 0} 991 uO ynd Udy) ‘SaynuUTU UE} 3194} 9]130q 94} dsoy !7JOJWOOSIP JNOYIM OINUIW & 10} 71 UI Pjey aq UR pueY efoym ay} 3eY} JOY OS JoxeM UI 9]}}0q soejd {aaoqe paqiosap se x]IW pue JeyeM YIM Jopmod Suiziuojyded xIw—'ssao0ug WUVM ‘yeeYy 0} Suljoefqns jnou3!M permbas uaym ssn {adi uo soR[g ‘uUlese a1nj}xIW dU} aHeYS ‘x[IW poo ysez, jo quid ppe ‘axeys ‘oyeM pjoo dnovs auo ppe !(pyiyose,) aqni Suiziuojded suo JO sjua}U09 ay} JO (SUIeIs Use Epos JO ayeUOqITOIG ‘suieid aay seeioued jo yoesjx0) 1apmod Suiziuojded auo 3nd 9330q ywenb uvajo e uj—'ssaD0uUd ATOD MTIN GaZINOLdad REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 104 ‘aurpaut puv 40j90p p 40f savpjop aay) uoys 290 Aof Avp v syuar aaays Avg 4apag ‘901 JO YWOM S}U9d 2dJY} YIM SINoY ANoj-AjUBA} AO PjOO AI!W jo af30q © daay ues nod pure ‘g ‘ON JaTJeay Ul UMOYS SB ‘xoq-a0l Ue ayeU ‘sOyeJaSIyjoI OU aaeYy NOX J] ‘201 UO ydayH 9q sS72 A[IUI 1aYyIeAM WIeM UT AT1OD AN dey 0} Moy ‘y]IwW sy) INO Sutinod a1ojaq yJOjD UBD B YIIM jied ay} jo aBpa so ajyj0q ypIw ayy yo doy ayy di "I9JEM P[OO UI Wey) aSuTZ ‘W9y} Ul ALI pey savy yey} sued Jo ‘sired ‘saj}30q Suipyeos 10 Surjiog a10jog “SOINUIW UO} JO} payiog JO papyeos useq jou sey yey) fred & ut yt ynd y,u0q ‘s[jaws yey} eoejd Aue Jo ‘tomes ‘yuIS oy) Iv8U 31 daay 3,u0q "pa1aA0d yt daay NVAT19 AIA daey 09 MOP ‘asnoy ay OUI 3 Sure} a1OJaq UNS JOY Vy UT AIIW oAa] 3,U0q *xOq 9yj Ur SUtd JO SazI}0q AIIW oy} Ind VeWw]IW ay} aay pue “OOP ay} apIsjno xoq Pes9A0d & daay “apa ysexy Yim ur yIIW po ind y,u0q *ysaay yw Ang HSaus ALN deey 0} moy "p109 72 Jaay pur uvazs 72 aay uay) ‘wvaz7 pue ysa4f si Ang no y]Iw ay} oIns og “y [IW pjoo ul Mord 3OU Op suIIed oseasiq ‘aseasip asneo Aeul yyIUI ul WIG ‘pajiods AjIsee ySOUI SI HIT Spooy {[e JO ‘pesn [UN [oo pue uve jday si pue ‘Airep uvaj> & Woy sowloD yu poo ‘sn jo JSo1 OY} IOJ AI moo ‘seiqeq 10} y[IUI SIayJOUI—‘osn am ey} Spooy ysedeoyd pue jseq oy} JO QUO SI HII \ \ \ } JOU YA V | 6 ‘ON 1314v379 EDUCATIONAL LEAFLETS 105 Lrariet No. 10 What do You know about Milk? @. You can get valuable infor- mation without cost in the fol- lowing United States Govern- ment Documents. Report of a special committee appointed by the Washington Chamber of Commerce to investigate the milk situation in the District of Columbia. 1911. Senate doc. 863. 61 Cong. 3 Sess. 437 pages. Milk in its relation to the public health. 1909. Bul. 56, Hygienic Lab., U. S. Pub. Health and Mar. Hosp. Serv. 834 pages. The history, development and statistics of milk charities in the United States, 1910. Reprint from Pub. Health Reports 50, U. S. Pub. Health and Mar. Hos. Serv. 22 pages. The milk supply of two hundred cities and towns. 1903. Bul. 46, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 210 pages. Sanitary milk production. Report of a conference appointed by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. 1907. Cir. 114, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 38 pages. The unsuspected but dangerously tuberculous cow. 1907. Cir. 118, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 19 pages. The score-card system of dairy inspection. 1909. Cir. 139, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. 8. Dept. of Agric. 32 pages. Some important factors in the production of sanitary milk. 1909. Cir. 142, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 22 pages. Competitive exhibitions of milk and cream, with report of an exhibition held at Pitts- burgh, Pa., in codperation with the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce. 1909. Cir. 151, Bur. of Animal Industry, 36 pages. z The dissemination of disease by dairy products and methods for prevention. 1910. Cir. 153, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 57 pages. Milk transportation; freight rates to the largest fifteen cities in the United States. 1903. Bul. 25, Bur. of Statistics, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 60 pages. The dairy herd; its formation and arrangement. 1904. Farmers’ Bul. 55, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 29 pages. Care of milk on the farm. 1906. Farmers’ Bul. 63, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 40 pages. Breeds of dairy cattle. 1899. Farmers’ Bul. 106, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 48 pages. Bacteria in milk. 1909. Farmers’ Bul. 348, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 24 pages. O The use of milk as food. 1909. Farmers’ Bul. 363, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 44 pages. The care of milk and its use in the home. 1910. Farmers’ Bul. 413, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 20 pages. Apply to your Congressman or to the Bureau or Department Concerned CITIZENS’ BUSINESS, No. 17 Bureau of Municipal Research of Philadelphia REAL ESTATE TRUST BUILDING 106 APPENDIX E Application Blank and Contract for Commercial Exhibits. Inches by 11 Inches. REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW ‘Size: 8% Officers Honorary Chairman, Hon. Joun E. Reysuen Chairman, Dr. JosepH S. Nerr Vice-Chairman, Dr. Cuarces J. HATFIELD Secretary, Da. Joser# Watsa Treasurer, Ma. E. T. STOTESBURY Executive Secretary. Mr. ArtHur E. Post May 20th to 27th UNDER THE AUSPICES OF Department of Public Health and Charittes @hatrmen of Comntitera Arrangemers in General Dr. Samuel McC. Hamill Philadelphia Milk Show mL Dr. Marie L. Gaver Dr. J. T. Rugh He eet Milk, Commission of the Philadelphia ‘Pediatric Society Conberenes of Heath Ose Dr. A A. Cairns Veterinary Department of the University of “Pennsyloania Ed Bureau of Municipal Research of Philadelphia t Dairy Ita ood Mite Contesta Mr. Sidney L. Colburn And Alany Other Co-operating Agencies Dr. Dr Jobn A. Colmer wo saees Or. Frank A. Crug Mr. |. Prentice Murphy r. C. C. Diaz! Dr. Howard B. Felton Rooters a. a7] Dr. Lawrence We Or. J. Claxton Girunge Bise ide Leidy. Secretary Mary Grom Office, Room 588, City Hall Philadelphia APPLICATION FOR SPACE FOR COMMERCIAL EXHIBIT Dk, Roctdard ¥. White Sh . 1911 DR. JOSEPH WALSH, Chairman Committee on Commercial Exhibits of the Philadelohia Milk Show, 732 Pine Street, Philadelphia, Pa. You ere hereby authorized to reserve for our use the following space in the Exhibit, Hall of the Philadelphia Milk Show: Vee agree to pay 50% of the charge for space immediately on ac- Peele i reservation ard the remsinng 50% on May 19th. Les ...agtee to abide by all requirements and restrictions mentioned on ig alee EG Printed on letter head of committee on procuring exhibits (Front) APPLICATION BLANK AND CONTRACT FOR EXHIBITS REGULATIONS REGARDING COMMERCIAL EXHIBITS The Philadelphia Milk Show will be held at 809 Chestnut Street, from Saturday moming, May 20th, to Saturday evening, May 27th. The Hall will be open for the installation of exhibits for several days before the public opening. Ail exhibits must be in place by Friday, May 19th. The charge for space will be $.50 per square foot. Exhibitors must pay 50% of the charges for space immediately on acknowledgment of reservation and the remainmg 50% on May 19th, 1911. Exhibitors are expected to attend to the installation of their own exhibits, and a certain amount of uniformity will be required. No subletting of space will be permitted. No refund will be made for space ordered and once accepted. The Philadelphia Milk Show will not be responsible to exhibitors against loss of any kind. Exhibitors must agree to make no unwarranted claims and be guided m this regard by the opmion of the Censor Committee of the Milk Show. All exhibits are subject to censorship and may be ordered withdrawn at any time if found objectionable. Ia the event of an exhibit bemg ordered withdrawn, a refund of rental corresponding to the remaining days of the exhibit will be made. The transfer of articles in sale during the course of the exhibit is prohibited. A description of the exhibit should accompany the application for space. (Reverse) 107 APPENDIX F 3 | Entry Blank for Milk and Cream Contests. Size: 8 Inches by 1044 Inches Class 6, market milk Class 7, market cream Class 8, certified milk Class 9, certified cream (The entry blank for each class was the . same with the exception of the class heading in the middle of the front side) Philadelphia Milk Show MILK AND CREAM CONTEST PHILADELPHIA, PA. MAY 20-27, 1911 UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture Only this Official Entry Blank will be Accepted CLASS 6, MARKET MILK Gentlemen: : Please enter for me four quarts of market milk in competition for prizes offered by the Philadelphia Milk Show, in accordance with the conditions herein prescribed. avheevaunennawnennencssnensernersoecesshgeseuesensheehugens ieee one sva8s#= SECIRAEELSTESE™ Ave Ferro Tray, Proprietor Post Office: Addrese (260200020) sia lR alta 9 Fg EE A aaa Rae aI a (1) Competition in milk and cream department is open to all milk and cream producers in the United States and Canada. (2) Producers of Market Milk may compete in both Market Milk and Market Cream classes, (3) Producers of Certified Milk may tompete in both Certified Milk and Certified Cream classes. (4) Producers of milk can make but one entry in any one class. (5) Producers of Certified Milk or Certified Cream are barred from competition m Market Milk and Market Cream classes. All samples of certified milk and cream must be accompanied by a certificate issued by a Medical Milk Commission. (6) Entries in milk classes consist o7 4 quarts of milk in quart bottles. (7) Entries in cream classes consist of 4 pints of cream in pint bottles. (8) All entries of milk and cream after scoring become the property of the United States Department of Agriculture. (9) No exhibitor will be entitled to a medal or diploma who does not make answer to each question, sign declaration, and forward this official entry blank to G. M. Whitaker, Superintendent of Milk and Cream Exhibits, care of Veterinary School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Reprint of entry blank of class 6 (Front) Bec 5 -~ ENTRY BLANK FOR MILK AND CREAM CONTESTS HOW TO COMPETE Milk, entered to compete for prizes, must be sent by express or otherwise, from station nearest the producer, direct to G. M. Whitaker, Superintendent, Milk and Cream Exhibit, Care of G. H. McKay, Reading Terminal Market and Cold Storage, 1118 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Express charges on exhivits must be prepaid to destination. Rottles must be carefully packed, caps should be sealed, making bottle air tight, and both the top of bottle and cap should be protected with paper, metal or other material, and all covered with crushed ice sufficient to maintain a.low temperature during transportation. The package should be plainly addressed on outside. A card’ should also be tacked on box, on inside, giving plainly sender's name and address so as to avoid mistakes in identifying packages. In order that all milk entered by exhibitors may be of the same age when scored, it is hereby specified that it shall be produced on Monday, May 15th, and shipped and delivered to express company at once. This is necessary for perfectly fair competition. A representative of the Department of Agriculture will be in Philadelphia to take charge of the milk on its arrival and see that it is properly cared for. QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED IN DETAIL BY EXHIBITORS OF MILK 1. On what day and hour was the sample of milk, entered in this show, GrawD?.........ccccsssscwmrenrsseee cope Sitree =e ropeoreeea = A Z. How many cows contributed to the sample of milk entered ?.ccerccesnsceceeccnneasnerateensernan frp nds pene ncrcel trys cers) A omer TD 3. How many cows in your hefd are now giving milk?............ AUDI rien Seopa eeentd pea ee eaten aera sexy 4. How long since the cows contributing to the sample of milk freshened? (Average time)... 5. Are the cows supplying this sample, grade or pure bred?.... erases If pure bred, give name of reed tee renatncneerncreest 6. What kind and amount of feed was given cows daily during the week preceding the production of this sample of milk? seugasnnyearascadsyececgaved>losrenngsomanenereTensseesacegpramtaasensanseshonrnnnnnassr Ort odanesy sdf peguOhsepnenen cron pannea nase Sp eNNTERTTON Ges ELAUAP LED LOS aR SRI A TOE A AIT ED 7. Were cows cleaned previous to milking?... If so, describe method of Cleaning. —..--.-ccnesecvssescenssaceoneenccoressTiteeronurttnvvnsftntnyanansanrsnasresearanassePoeare etme reaatnaraneen" 07 nn eearer¥s te neste 8. Were cows in stable or out of doors when the sample of milk was MW? wnncnewueruanuwnaoes Lf in stable, how was stable cared for?........... eee rae ea eater eesbvaspentrssouivarsecastartanasnesenennescecmantsess anal (aot Sh Rc 0 Sener 9. What precautions were taken by milkers as regards cleanliness of clothing and hands?. 10. How many milkers were engaged in milking the sample entered?. 11. What kind of pails were used, narrow or wide top?.. 12. How were pails cleaned previous to use? 13. Was milk drawn from the cow direct into pail or through cloth cover or cotton Bl tere eee REN erieoee ce Ipee 14. What method of straining milk, if any, was followed?_..-....... Foret RNR Ug ae ctr Se ee EAE EES 15. How long after milk was drawn from cows Defore it as COO P.cc..crcssecesetecercrenneesetinereenseecipneasesnneee sateesens 16. Describe milk cooler, if any was Used. ..ccsns-osuccsrssecestereureerseminannntrassaencererstcnnerreress 17. How was milk cooler prepared for US€?......c--ss+sssssearernutensesrawase 18. To what temperature was milk cooled ?........... 19. How were bottles and caps prepared for use?....... a ep Res iobocprtye earn ct ty 20. What bottling process was used or what method of bottling was followed? scsesteeuusessererm nes mereunssnsccen meinem ugseerisisssneecessennncni 21. How was milk cared for after bottling and previous to shipment ?......-csn-esorcssssccrnsrrntenresesscernsesmeraynusscsristsswesseranerssersnn et 22. Give date and hour when milk was (or will be) shipped.........casscessemesucrenrrmmunuscrerscerencencrsinatmrsstesccconeserssei et 23. Do you wish shipping cases and bottles returned at yOUF EXPETSE? .........-rccesemeeccerscesensteececreremntemanserscseeraennrectersece 24. Have you previously exhibited milk or cream at any local, state or national show’?...... ses snemmenmuanoee do her by declare each and every statement in answer to the above questions to be absolutely true. I do furthermore declare that the milk submitted by me in this contest is the pure natural product, ae nase 9 wy re nn RACE TTA # ERERS Ym EISR TFN hTD Manager (Reverse) 109 110 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW APPENDIX G Reprints of a Few Press Comments From The Outlook, New York City, July 29: THE SPECTATOR Gay with red, white and blue bunting, with a big electric sign above the entrance, the Milk Show opened its hospitable doors free to all comers. And how they came! Entrances in the front of the store building on one street, exits at the back to the street behind, and big uniformed Philadelphia policemen passing the crowd through, and yet it remained always a dense crowd—orderly, eager and intensely in earnest to see and understand. ‘“‘ To enlighten, not to frighten,” was the motto over the front entrance, and the enlightenment was everywhere, from the bacilli cultures in the show windows to the model dairy barns and the certified milk exhibited inside. Those bacilli cultures had a crowd three feet deep all the while around the window, yet they were very simple—just two jars with a little milk in each one. In one jar a single fly sported in the milk; in the other a dozen were enjoying themselves bathing and drinking, while a big placard read: If it takes 1 fly 3 hours to contaminate the sterilized milk in Jar and 12 flies 5 minutes to contaminate the sterilized milk in Jar B How long will it take you to kill all the flies in YOUR HOME? Daily at 3 P. M. the results of the con- tamination will be demonstrated. There was demonstration enough inside—colored charts of the fifty-seven varieties of bacilli, enlarged and colored until one was reminded of the small school-boy who, when he saw one of Turner's sunsets, remarked seriously, ‘That looks like the inside of a drunkard’s stomach!” Ovens for baking milk and killing all bacteria and every kind and sort of sterilizing process were displayed on all sides. A series of round glass affairs for cultivating germs in scientific style were ranged on shelves, where the public could see just how they grew, and this held a double row of gazers all the while, the white spots of colonies under the glass speaking for themselves. One chart showed a milk-can with radiating lines to the different streets of a small town, and the legend: “Hightown—2,000 population. Diphtheria, 28 cases and 11 deaths—traced to boy who washed milk-can.”’ On the other side of the same aisle, in mute, delightful testimony of contrasted safety, rose rows of shining glass bottles full of pure, creamy milk, set among green ferns and foliage, and served by smiling, spotless houris in white aprons, who did a rushing trade every minute. “Look first upon this picture, and then on that” did not fail in its age- long educational effect, even on the children. There were [hundreds of] children there, by the way. They came from that part of the city where the milk usually is at its worst. The public schools sent them, the street car company transported them free of charge, and twenty-five hundred each day were shepherded through the Show. Their little feet came trotting and shuffling along, and that day’s contingent seemed to be about ten years old, on the average, with descents occasionally as low as five. Americans, Irish, Germans, Jews, Poles, Italians, Slavs, Negroes—they succeeded one another like waves of the cosmopolitan future. They were halted in squads before this exhibit and that, and stared impartially, round-eyed, at the bacilli, the modified milk machinery, and the silver trophy cups which, nine in number, showed that clean milk is a sporting proposition nowadays. What they really liked best, though, were the four models of dairy barns, com- REPRINTS OF A FEW PRESS COMMENTS 111 plete down to the last detail, cows, horses, and all, with the farmer standing in his barnyard like Noah with the ark. “Excellent,” “Good,” “Fair,” “Bad,” the four models were labeled, and the “ Excellent” one was truly a pleasant sight, with its two rows of fat doll cattle standing on the wide, unpartitioned, clean floor, lighted by big windows, and spotlessly kept. ‘‘Good’’ showed horses kept in the same barn, and some carelessness in keeping things in order. ‘Fair’ was in worse disorder still, and not so well lighted or arranged. As for “Bad,” with its higgledy-piggledy horses, cows, and sheep, its piled trash in every corner, its many partitions, its lack of light, its realistically dirty barnyard and grimy farmer, it was an object lesson indeed. “It’s the usual kind, though,” commented a dairyman behind the Spectator. “Get out into the country, and you'll find it everywhere. There are more farmers every year building new barns right, of course—but the old barns!’ Evidently the Milk Show had thought of this side of it, too, for a lecture in connection with it was announced, the Spectator saw, for the next day, on “Improving Old Barns.” Many practical problems were illuminated at the Milk Show. For example, the question “How far should the milk in a bottle reach ?” was illustrated by pictures, showing that unless the milk came up as far as the stopple, leaving no visible space below the cap, it was short weight, so to speak. ‘‘ What do you know about the ice-cream sold by street venders ?”’ was another awakening query. ‘‘We can tell you”—and then followed statistics and pictures calculated to ruin the careless ice-cream street trade. Bacteriological specimens of ice-cream from the State Laboratory backed up the placard. The Spectator has always heard of the fame of Philadelphia ice-cream, but the street venders of the city evidently use another kind. The glass milk bottle, too, came in for its share of criticism. It used to be progressive—of course it is still a vast improvement on the dip-tank, against which Massachusetts women have lately declared war—but now the march of milk improvement has distanced it. The glass bottle is expensive, therefore must be returned and used again. This makes its cleanliness problematical. At the Milk Show the paraffined paper bottle or container, used once only by the milkman, was displayed in several forms. It is ideally sanitary, and has now been improved past several objections. ‘‘ You can see through it now,” explained one dealer to another, discussing its merits. “It used to be opaque, and the customers always said the bottle wasn’t full. Now you can show ’em how high the milk comes. The only thing I'm not sure about is, will the fluting inside the neck catch the cream and waste some of it ? It has to be fluted to allow for the expansion, so that it won’t burst, like a glass bottle, if the milk freezes. It’s a good proposition—we’re going to put it in.” From such experts as these the Spectator heard the opinion that it was “‘a first-rate Show’’; so they, as well as the children, were a satisfied audience. Also it was Woman’s Day. The Civic Club had sent out invitations to all the women’s clubs of eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland, and the members came, shoals of them, to look at the Show and listen to two special lectures by women. One was on the house-fly, the other on the babies of the tenement and the way to give them clean milk. The Spectator is almost sorry for the house-fly. It always was doomed when it got into the home of an old-fashioned good housekeeper. But she only killed it on the premises. To-day the housekeeper is leaving home, with her loins girded, to track down the fly before it reaches her gates. She is treating the fly by community methods, and she now calls it “the typhoid fly,”’ which settles it. ‘““House-fly’’ was an amiable, intimate name, which left it optional whether to kill or spare. But “Shoo fly!” has now changed to “Kill that fly!” and even the most careless housekeeper feels the difference. The lecturer of the day had numberless lantern slides illustrating the best methods of fly capture. One simple wire trap was shown, placed over a garbage-can near an ice-cream parlor. In fifteen minutes this trap had broken the record with twenty- five hundred flies captured. In Worcester, Massachusetts, the boys had placed these fly-traps on tomato-cans in which a little refuse was put as a bait, and had caught flies ad infinitum. For these flies they were paid so much a hundred, and there were so many thousands of insects captured that they were used as fertilizer! A special stamp bearing the household words “Kill That Fly” had been in- vented by the lecturer, and is now being extensively used by the women’s clubs and charitable societies on their mail this summer. The Russell Sage Foundation placard was a great favorite. It was a series on the plan of the Industrious and the Idle Apprentice. Five cartoons showed the causes and effect of dirty milk—the dirty cow in the cow-shed, the dirty can and transportation, the dirty dip-tank at the grocer’s, the dirty kitchen in the tenement, and the dying baby in its distracted mother’s arms. Five others showed alluringly the Clean Milk idea—the clean cow and dairyman, the clean glass bottle and shipment, the clean milk station, the clean ice-pail in the tenement, and the healthy child, cooing and comfortable, being weighed by the smiling mother. Another great success was a chart asserting that “Milk is the only safe food for infants—these are dangerous!” and showing, finely drawn and colored, an assemblage of pictures, one after another, of an ear of corn, a cucumber pickle, a cone of ice-cream, a pretzel, an apple, a banana, a bottle of soda water, a large, lucious slice of watermelon, and a cup of coffee or tea. 112 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW Near this was a photograph of a group of school girls learning how to take care of babies, and another of a class of mothers learning how to prepare milk. A young German couple stood entranced before these photographs, arm in arm. They had left the baby at home, but they were talking about it. “They are from the Settlement,”’ some one explained. ‘‘ Crowds of people from the slums are coming every day, so as to learn how to keep the babies alive through the hot summer.” The number of poorly dressed women who were crowded three deep around a nurse who was explaining how to keep milk in a home- made ice-box with the least quantity of ice impressed this information still more deeply on the Spec- — tator. Here was the ultimate consumer—the very small consumer, and yet the very important one, too. It was for this reason, and for many others, a very hopeful Show. It was a get-together Show for the dairyman, the middle-man, the buyer of milk, on the one hopeful plane of “Clean Milk.” The Massachusetts slogan, ““We don’t want dirty milk,” might have been used by the lecturers, exhibitors, _ audience, and all. Like the fly, dirty milk is doomed. The twenty-first century will know it no more than it will the yellow-fever mosquito. Instead will come the millennium which the Mother Goose of the Milk Show pictures so alluringly: These are the cows with the coats like silk Who give the clean and wholesome milk; These are the stables sweet and clean, The finest stables ever seen, Where dwell those cows, etc. These are the milkers in suits of white Who milk the cows each morn and night That dwell in the stables, etc. This is the dairy, all complete With apparatus clean and neat, Where the milk is cooled below forty degrees And bottled straightway in jars like these, Then sealed air-tight with parafin (No dirt and germs can enter in), Then packed in boxes with lots of ice, And shipped to the city, this milk so nice, From the pails of the milkers in suits of white Who milk the cows each morn and night That dwell in the stables sweet and clean, The finest stables ever seen Where live the cows with coats of silk Who give the clean and wholesome milk. No wonder the Milk Show was draped in red, white and blue. No wonder that [over seventeen] thousand people crowded to see it that day, listened to its lectures, and sat applauding in its moving- picture shows. When a city forgets politics and gets down to a real community question like pure milk, it is a thing to be noted. The Milk Millennium is on its way, marching in the trotting feet of the school- children—and therefore sure to arrive! Editorial in the Philadelphia North American, May 21: A CHILD-WELFARE EXHIBIT John Dewey, pyschologist, says: ‘‘The indefinite improvement of humanity and the cause of the little child are inseparably bound together.” Few of the good men and women who are giving freely of their time and talents and money would be able to define their interest as anything but an expression of humane tendencies. And yet it is some- thing more, this almost universal concern for children. It is the turning of the face of the race to the © future. Up to the present civilized races have been to some degree ancestor worshipers. Where this was manifested in the most extreme form, as in the case of the Chinese, it stopped all progress, and the race stood still for cycles of time. But the Chinese are not the only people who have turned their faces to the past. From the days when man first came blinking into the light of reason, he has contemplated the mystery of his origin and put his forbears high among his gods. REPRINTS OF A FEW PRESS COMMENTS 113 There is reason to believe that the new social recognition of the child may be the dawning of another epoch, the beginning of a new philosophy, based on the truth that the generation in the course of formation is of much greater importance to the progress of the race than the generations which have passed away. While child-welfare workers have followed their generous impulses rather than cold philosophy, those impulses are themselves an assertion of the elemental instincts for the perpetuation of the species. There was opened yesterday in this city a child-welfare exhibit. It was not called by that name, but is, nevertheless, of prime importance to the children of this city. The Philadelphia Milk Show at 809 Chestnut Street is a child-welfare exhibit. True, it deals eh one phase of the great subject. But just at this time that phase is one of the most important of all. The city is entermg upon the season when death stalks barefaced among the babies. Almost every infant born into the world is endowed with all the vitality it needs to carry it to vigorous maturity. Yet, as the flashing red light at the entrance to the Milk Show indicates, a baby under 1 year of age dies every ten seconds of the day and night. One-half of these deaths are preventable within the established facts of human knowledge. The most deadly single cause—the one almost as fatal as all the other principal causes of death—is bad milk. The Milk Show—our little child-welfare exhibition—aims to teach the people how to save the lives of their babies by assuring a supply of clean, wholesome milk. A bulletin issued by the Chicago department of health in connection with the child-welfare exhibit in that city gives the following cau- tions, which we think well to quote in this connection: Many babies will die this summer for want of natural food (breast milk). More will die because of poisoned food (contaminated cow’s milk). Many will be saved if given certified milk, the cost of a cigar and a glass of beer. Remember this at the funeral. Germs which sicken and kill babies grow rapidly in milk unless it is kept very cold on ice. Every time the bottle is opened more germs may get in. To head them off, take the cold bottle from the milkman’s hands, wash and dry the outside of the bottle and put it on ice. Wash your hands well before removing the stopper with a boiled fork. Do not breathe upon the milk. Stir or dip with a boiled spoon. Pour into boiled feeding bottle. Add boiled water or gruel which has been in a covered Mason jar on ice. Replace the stopper immediately and return to ice. Protect baby against cats, dogs, flies, other children and your own carelessness. Never save a part of unused food; never warm over. Make up each feeding fresh. Never boil good, fresh certified milk for the baby. Never use any other kind. It is a crime to feed poor milk. If the food disagrees, weaken it. If baby sickens, stop feeding and call a doctor. We know that the reference to this excerpt to certified milk will seem hopeless to many. The price is prohibitive to the struggling masses, where the infant mortality is greatest. But the men who got up the Milk Show are the ones who prepared a monumental report showing how certified milk may be supplied to the entire city at a cost of only a cent a quart more than what is now paid for an uncertain product. That is the meaning of the milk commission’s report, of which the Show is a concrete exhibit. It is of vital—we use the word in its truest sense—it is of vital importance to the babies of this city. Editorial from the Philadelphia Public Ledger, May 21: THE MILK SHOW It is a remarkable exposition of the science of pure milk production that is now in progress at 809 Chestnut Street, under the auspices of the Department of Public Health and Charities, the milk com- mission of the Pediatric Society, the veterinary school of the University, the Bureau of Municipal Research, and other co-operating agencies. The exhibits make as plain as possible the difference be- tween good milk and bad, and the conditions that are responsible for the difference in quality are graphi- cally illustrated by object lessons, whose meaning must be clear even to the illiterate observer. — Here, for instance, is the model of a cow barn of the old unsanitary type, in all particulars faith- fully reproducing the filth and noisomeness; and next it is a stable on the new order, with the cattle -well fed, sleek and clean. Here, again, is a complete pasteurizing apparatus in operation, showing the process of sterilization. There are cross-sections plainly revealing diseased conditions in cattle—condi- tions generally ignored by dairymen until a few years ago—the bacteriological tests are exhaustively illustrated. Not the least interesting exhibit is that of a row of bottles of several sizes, demonstrating the proportion of “‘raw”’ milk to that of the pasteurized and certified product. Photographs eloquently supplement the story told by the models and other object lessons, and finally there is a moving-picture 114. REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW exhibition which shows how bad milk made a baby sick, and as a result a sweeping reform in dairy management was effected by the remorseful parent. Finally, the lesson of the exhibits themselves is valuably enforced in a series of lectures by persons of wide knowledge and experience. ' A visitor to the Milk Show cannot fail to be impressed by the disinterestedness of those who have arranged for the unique display. Like the City Planning Exhibition, it is an index of the broad and generous spirit of humanitarianism prevalent in this community. Those who have had any part in the laborious arrangement deserve the congratulations and the thanks of the entire community, and the results are sure to justify their praiseworthy undertaking. Editorial in the Brockton, Mass., Times, May 22: A MILK SHOW In Philadelphia they are having a Milk Show, not to demonstrate the superiority of various breeds of cattle, but to educate the people in the proper care and use of milk, and the people of the city raised a fund of $8000 to make this exposition possible. Demonstrations are given of methods of caring for milk from the time it is taken from the cow until it is fed to children and adults, and so valuable is the exposition considered by the school authorities that half-holidays are allowed the children, in order that they may attend. The head of the Philadelphia health department says of the Show that it will pur- chase the lives of thousands of babies and will also educate mothers, who will receive free lessons in the pasteurizing and modification of milk, and how to feed and care for children, so that not only the little ones of to-day, but those of future years will be safeguarded. This is the kind of a Show that is worth while, and Philadelphia sets an example that might well be followed in other communities, the milk problem, especially at this season, being much more than a question of price. Editorial in the Yonkers, N. Y., Statesman, May 25: PROVIDE SAFE MILK The Milk Exhibition in Philadelphia gives a vivid example of the vital difference between new and old methods of dealing with social evils. For 50 years, since the exposures began of swill-fed cattle and pigs in New York, it has been known that the milk supply of a great city needed improved inspection and safeguards. But the usual way has been to reach this by exposure, by attack and by the endeavor to make evils visible. ; This was the old method. The new method recognizes that nothing can be done without educa- tion and furnishing new opportunities to obtain the best. It proposes to reach conditions. It is com- paratively useless to pass laws and ordinances in regard to milk, to make exposures of poor milk, and to enact a better standard unless public opinion is educated to understand how milk, which is scarcely ever deleterious when it comes from the cow, is injured in milking, in pouring into cans, in carriage and in distribution; what harm these impurities do and the way to meet them. The Milk Exhibition does this by an object lesson which will come home to everyone who sees it. Every day children die because, in spite of all pains, instruction and effort, they have been fed on milk which was in a condition certain to do harm. Now honest dealers, taking this lesson to heart, provide the means by which milk can be furnished in exactly the right condition for children. Thus consumers find in milk safe nutriment for children during the hot days. From the Boston, Mass., Evening Transcript, May 31: THE CLINIC On Saturday in Philadelphia there closed a week and a day of discussion of milk, bringing out to an extent not heretofore accomplished in this country a sober and sensible consideration of the subject of a in its many phases, accompanying an exhibition the pupae and 3 A - the effect of which were directly towards the education of the people with Uae Mit Show in reference to this important food. Such an exhibition would do a world of P good in Boston, for in the first place it would show how excellent the supply of milk is compared with the supplies of other large cities and, second, it would work changes in the present unsettled condition, fomented by the wild words and actions of the press, self-constituted guardians of the public health, politicians and even those in places where their public words should be conservative and not inflammatory. A calm setting forth of the facts, the presentation of truths, the meeting of farmer, middleman, contractor, scientist and legislator on the same ground, each ready to hear the other and give due credit to his opinions, has been a wonder in the clear- ing up of the situation so far as Philadelphia is concerned, while visitors from other cities have learned a good deal about the milk business. AS 2 aaa REPRINTS OF A FEW PRESS COMMENTS 115 It was the codperation of four institutions that brought together at Philadelphia a gathering including most of the authorities on milk in the country. It had its foundation in the report of the Milk Commission of that city, a body of experts appointed by Mayor Reyburn in October of last year. A report was presented to the mayor bearing the date of February, and a portion of the purpose of the meeting was to consider and discuss this report. For the occasion a Milk Show was organized under the auspices of the city Board of Health, the Milk Commission of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society, the veterinary department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Bureau of Municipal Research aided by other societies. Stores in the heart of the city, Chestnut street below Ninth, were secured for the exhibition, a hall was fitted up for the presentation of papers. Twenty-six sessions for the literary exercises were here held, with lectures in Yiddish, others especially for the employees in department stores, and with more than twoscore speakers in all. The names of these men who presented papers are known throughout the land where the question of milk is raised: Rosenau, Colt, Jacobi, Whitaker, Conn, Park, Schroeder, Francesco and Nichols, while health departments were represented in Dr. Neff of Philadelphia, Evans of Chicago, and Amyot of Toronto. There was discussed milk production, its relation to disease, the local milk commission and its uses, the care of milk in the home, its use in cooking, the supply for villages, its relation to human tuberculosis, and as a carrier of infection, its pasteurization, inspection, ice cream, deceptions in milk, journey from the cow to the consumer and the duty of the public. Besides these there were daily picture shows and demonstrations. All of this was free to the public of Philadelphia, and to what extent the public assisted may be known by the fact that the turnstiles for a single day registered fifteen thousand visitors. The arrangement of the Show was such that the people were kept moving in the same direction from entrance to exit, avoiding confusion. School children in processions were taken through the Show, catching items as they went for the education of the home. And the Milk Show was only one of four different sets of meetings. At the Bellevue-Stratford there were two days devoted to the American Association of Medica Milk Commissions, of which Dr. Milton J. Rosenau of Boston is president. There was a conference of State and municipal health officers, to discuss the report of the commission, held also at the Bellevue- Stratford, and for the last three days of the week the meetings of the Dairy Institute at the University of Pennsylvania, where there were twenty-five additional papers read and another Show, that of special dairy exhibits. » INDEX Assgott’s Alderney Dairies, exhibit of, 8 Accounts, audit of, 27 classification of, 27 Achor Chocolate Manufacturing Company, ex- hibit of, 81 Acknowledgments made for assistance and co- operation, 21 Admission, hours of, 14 of children, 54 Advertising. (See also Publicity.) Advertising cards printed in different languages, 30 sent to social organizations, 39 use of, by finance committee, 25 letter sent out by finance committee, 25 —- expenditures for, 27 methods employed, 28, 29 Agencies, codperating, names of, 14 American Association for the Study and Preven- tion of Infant Mortality, exhibit of, 53 of Medical Mill Commissions, The, annual session of, 13 of Medical Milk Commissions, The, ex- hibit of, 78 Announcement folder, preliminary. liminary announcement folder.) —— slips sent to dairy farmers, 19 —— publicity through, 29 Application blank for commercial exhibits, 34, 106, 107 Armstrong Association, codperation by, 31 Arrangements in general, committee on. under Committees.) Articles remaining after Show, disposition of, 21 Attendance, figures of, 45, 46 Attendants required, 23 Audit of accounts, 27 (See Pre- (See Basy day or week, publicity through a special, 29 Bacteriological Laboratory of Department of Public Health and Charities, exhibit by, 53, 54 Bills, procedure in payment of, 19-20 —— required approval of, 20 —— delivered to executive secretary, 20 Building, expenditures on preparation of, 27 Bureau of Municipal Research, accounts audited by members of, 27 exhibit of, 57 Buttons, celluloid, distributed to children to ad- vertise Show, 32 Catoris Manufacturing Company, exhibit of, 81 Caps. (See Milk bottle caps.) 119 Car Advertising Company, display of advertising cards by, 31 Certified milk, exhibit of, 56 sale of, during Show, 23, 27 Producers’ Association of America, annual session of, 13 Chemical Laboratory of Department of Public Health and Charities, exhibit by, 53, 54 Child hygiene, exhibit on, by Department of Public Health and Charities, 66-76 Children’s Bureau, codperation of, 31 Churches, publicity through, 29 City Controller, audit of accounts by chief ac- countant in office of, 27 —— Councils, contribution by, 27 Cleaning of show-rooms, arrangements for, 22 supervision of, daily, 23 Collection of milk in and around Philadelphia, special exhibit showing, 56 Commercial exhibits, kinds of exhibits included with, 18 charge for floor space, 34 description of, 80 application blank and contract for, 106, 107 Committees: Arrangements in general, members and duties of, 21-23 Conference of health officers, members and duties of, 35 joint meetings held with committee on lectures and demonstrations, 35 Dairy institutions and milk contests, members and duties of, 37, 38 joint meetings held with committees on lectures and demonstrations and conference of health officers, 35, 38 Education, members and duties of, 36, 37 joint meetings held with committees on publicity and social organizations, 28, 39 Executive, organization of, 13 officers of, 17 members and duties of, 17-21 Finance, members and duties of, 24-27 Lectures and demonstrations, members and duties of, 35 joint meetings held with committees on dairy institutions and milk contests and conference of health officers, 35 Patronesses and aides, members and duties of, 40, 41 Procuring exhibits, members and duties of, 32-34 Publicity, members and duties of, 28-32 120 Committees: Publicity, joint meetings held with committee on social organizations, 39 Social organizations, members and duties of, joint meetings held with committees on publicity and education, 28, 39 Conference of health officers, committee on. (See under Committees.) —— of State and Municipal Health Officers, de- scription of sessions of, 14, 46 Contract for commercial exhibits, 34, 106, 107 Contributions, solicitation of, 25 Contributors, list of, 26 Correspondence, care of, by executive secretary, 21 Count of visitors, how made, 54 Cream Se (See under Milk and cream con- tests. Creamery Package Company, exhibit of, 81 Crown Cork and Seal Company, The, exhibit of, 81 Cups, sanitary paper drinking, used exclusively, 92 Current expenses, method of paying, 19, 20 Datry barns, models of, exhibit by Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board, 57 Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agri- culture, exhibit of, 78 —— —— Bureau of Animal Industry, milk and cream contests under supervision of, 38, 48 Institute, description of, 13, 14, 47 —— institutions and milk contests, committee on. (See under Committees.) —— Specialty Company, exhibit of, 81 stables, description of reproductions of good and bad, 47 Dairymen’s Supply Company, exhibit of, 81 Day Nurseries, codperation by Association of Philadelphia, 40 Dealers, letter to, requesting codperation in ad- vertising, 31 Decorating of show-rooms and exterior of build- ings, 22 Decorations, expenditures on, 27 Deficit, to be paid by guarantors, 25, 27 Demonstrations. (See under Committee on lectures and demonstrations and in descriptions of various exhibits.) Demonstrators, duties of, 35 provision of, 35 payment of, 35 supervision over, 23 to explain exhibits, 14 Department of Public Health and Charities. (See under Health.) of Public Safety. (See under Safety.) Description of commercial exhibits, 80, 81 Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers, 46 Dairy Institute, 47 educational exhibits, 53, 80 —— milk and cream contests, 48 INDEX Design, pictorial, for advertising matter, 29 Doering, Paul, exhibit of, 80 Drinking fountains provided in exhibition rooms, 22 Epucation, Board of Public, codperation of, 30, 31 arrangement made for bringing school children to Show, 36, 37 committee on. (See under Committees.) Educational benefit to be derived from a Milk Show, 13, 14 —— exhibits, kind of exhibits to be classed as, 18 description of, 53 —— leaflets, cost of, 36 disposal of those remaining after the Show, 21 distribution by committee on patron- esses and aides during Show, 49 —— — methods of distribution, 36, 37, 54 ordered during Show from printers as required, 36 preparation of, 36 —— —— publicity by means of, 29 —— —— quantity required, 36 reproduction of, 92-105 Electric connections required, 22, 34 fans provided, 22 lights installed, 22 sign on front of building, 22 signs on City Hall, 29 Electrical equipment, expenditures on, 27 Entertainment of Delegates to Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers, 46 Entry blanks for milk and cream contests, repro- duction of, 108, 109 preparation of, 21 —— ——— mailed to all producers for this market, 38 Essex County, New Jersey, exhibit of Medical Milk Commission of, 77 Executive Committee. (See under Committees.) office in Milk Show building, 78 Executive secretary, acknowledgments made by, Q1 detailed work performed in office of, 19, 21 handling of vouchers by, 19, 20 office started, 17, 18 payments from petty cash fund by, 19, 20 petty cash fund established, 20 petty cash fund provided for secretary of committee on arrangements in gen- eral, 20 : procedure in payment of pay-rolls by, 20 —— —— publication of comprehensive report by, 20 replenishment of petty cash fund, 20 supervision of work of, 18 Exhibition rooms, selection of suitable, 21, 22 Exhibits, character of, 18, 34 classification of, 33 date of receipt, installation, and removal of, 34 delivery to exhibition rooms of shipments of, 32 INDEX Exhibits, expenditures on installation of, 27 installation of, 23 — method of procuring, 32 procedure followed on receipt of, 23 removal of, 23 return of, 32 transfer from railroad stations to exhibition rooms, 34 Expenditures, statement of, 27 Expenses, current, method of paying, 19, 20 Expenses, estimating, 19 of speakers, 35 schedule of estimated, 24 Expressage, expenditures for, 27 Finance Committee. (See under Committees.) method of, 13, 19, 20, 24, 25 Financial statement, 27 Firemen detailed to show-rooms, 23 Floor plans, prepared by architects, 22 sections or booths numbered consecu- tively, 23, 53 space, estimate of amount required, 34 sale of, 25, 27 of lecture hall, 22 of exhibition rooms, 22 Ford, The J. B., Company, exhibit of, 81 Foreign newspapers (those outside city) furnished copy, 39 Foreign population advised of Show, 39 Freight, expenditures on, 27 Function of a Milk Show, 13 Furniture required for lecture hall and show-rooms, 22, 34 Gas connections, required, 34 supplied, 22 Guarantors secured to underwrite expenses, 24, 25 Guards, provision of necessary, 23 HANpD-BILLs, publicity through, 29 Hand-book. (See Educational leaflets.) Hand-book to exhibition, 29 Hauling, expenditures for, 27 Health and Charities, Department of Public, first meeting to discuss Milk Show plan called by Director of, 13 Department of Public, contribution from City Councils secured through Director of, 25 —— —— Department of Public, exhibit on child hygiene by, 66-76 Department of Public. (See also Bacteri- ological and Chemical Laboratories.) Health officers, programs mailed to, 35 Home and School League, coéperation by, 31 Honoraria, expenditures for, 27 Hours of admittance to Milk Show, 14, 45 of sessions of Dairy Institute, 47 House fly campaign, help from Milk Show organ- ization, 19 Icn-cREAM, special exhibit method of making, 64 9 showing modern 121 Ice-cream, special exhibit of Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board showing results of bacteriological examinations of, 64 Independent Milk Dealers, exhibit of, 80 Inspection of buildings prior to Show by city fire and building inspectors, 22 Insurance for show-rooms and exhibits, 19 accident, 22 fire, 22 general liability, 22 expenditures for, 27 Invitations issued, to meeting in Mayor’s office, 18 to private view, 45 Ketty, William, exhibit of, 80 Reuaedy, S. R. and S. W., and Company, exhibit of, 81 Kensington Engine Works Company, exhibit of, 81 Laxporatorigs. (See under Bacteriological and Chemical Laboratories.) Laborers, supervision over, 23 Leaflets, educational. (See under Educational.) Lecture hall, equipment of, 22 floor space of, 22 rental of, 22 Lectures and demonstrations, (See under Committees.) public, given daily, 13, 14, 46 Legend “To Enlighten—Not To Frighten,”’ use of, 19 Letter sent, asking for financial support, 25 to dairy farmers with entry blanks for milk contests, 38 to milk dealers requesting codperation in advertising, 31 to prospective exhibitors, 34 to social organizations asking codpera- tion, 39 to hospitals asking codperation, 40 Light, sale of, to commercial exhibitors, 27 Lighting equipment, expenditures on, 27 committee on. Matz, distribution of daily, 21 Maryland State Board of Health, exhibit of, 79 Massachusetts Milk Consumer’s Association, ex- hibit of, 59 Maynard, Lee H. P., exhibit of, 80 Mayor, public meeting in office of, 18 Mechanical Refrigerating Machine Company, exhibit of, 80 Meeting, initial, Milk Show movement started, 13 Meetings of committees, members notified by executive secretary, 21 Milk and cream contests, arrangements perfected for, 38 awards in, 48, 49 description of, 48 eligibility rules of, 48 entries in, 48 exhibit of prize cups awarded in, 77 form of entry blank used, 108, 109 Pee 122 Milk as a food, special exhibit showing uses of, 62 bottle caps, special, description of, 32 caps, special, publicity through use of, 29 — caps, special, sale of, 27 —— collection of, in and around Philadelphia, special exhibit showing, 56 — Commission, appointed, 13 of Philadelphia Pediatric Society, ex- hibit of, 56 report submitted, 13 in the home, special exhibit on care of, 61 inspection in various cities, exhibit showing forms and instruments used, 76 problem pertinent, 13 —— Show proposed, 13 Minutes of executive committee, 18 Moving pictures, expenditures on, 27 used to help educate, 14 —— —— given daily, 46 NEIGHBORHOOD workers informed about Show, 39 Newark, New Jersey, Babies’ Hospital, exhibit of, 77 Newspapers, amount of publicity, 28 articles preserved, 14 city editors on committee on publicity, 28 copy prepared daily, 18, 28 —— publicity through, 29 support enlisted, 28 New York City Department of Health, exhibit of, 59 Milk Committee, exhibit of, 59 Notices sent to dairy farmers, 19 OFFIcE at show-rooms, equipment of, 22 Organization of various committees, 17, 41 PASTEURIZATION of milk, special exhibit showing most scientific methods, 65 Pathological exhibit by Veterinary Department, University of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board, 78 Patronesses and aides, committee on. Committees.) list printed, 36 Pay-day, special, possible publicity through, 29 Pay-rolls, payment of, 20 Pediatric Society, Philadelphia. mission.) Pennsylvania Railroad Company, display of ad- vertising cards by, 31 exhibit of, 59 Society for Prevention of Tuberculosis, ex- hibit of, 57 —— State Live Stock Sanitary Board, exhibit of, 57, 64, 78 —— University of. (See under Veterinary de- partment and also Pathological exhibit.) Petty cash fund, how administered, 19, 20 fund, replenishment of, 20 —— —— fund, of secretary of committee on ar- rangements in general, 20 (See under (See Milk Com- INDEX Petty cash receipt, form of, 20 Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company, dis- play of advertising cards by, 31 Rapid Transit Company, helped with ad- vertising, 31 Rapid Transit Company, furnished free transportation to school children, 37 Phillips, Charles H., Company, exhibit of, 81 Pictorial design for advertising matter, 29 Plans, floor. (See under Floor.) Plumbing equipment, expenditures on, 27 Policemen detailed to show-rooms, 23 Postage, expenditures for, 27 Posters, large bill-board, cost prohibitive, 29, 30 Power, sale of, to commercial exhibitors, 27 Preliminary announcement folder, content, 13 folder, copies sent to social organiza- tions, 39 folder, distribution of, 29, 30, 38, 39 folder, use of, by finance committee, 25 Press comments, reprints of a few, 110-115 Printing, expenditures for, 27 Private view of exhibits, 45 Privileges allowed commercial exhibitors, 34 Prize cups awarded in milk contests, exhibit of, 77 Procuring exhibits, committee on. (See under Committees.) Programs, legend adopted for, 19 methods of distribution of, 54 of Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers, reproduction of, 87, 88 of Dairy Institute, arranged by correspon- dence, 38 — of Dairy Institute, reprint of, 89-91 of Milk Show, preparation of, 35 of Milk Show, reprint of, 85, 86 proposition of issuing same on commercial basis, 19 Public Education, Board of. (See under Educa- tion.) Health and Charities, Department of. (See under Health.) Publicity agent, duties of, 28 employed, 28 —— —— methods of work employed by, 28 committee on. (See under Com- mittees.) methods adopted, 28, 29 Purposes of Milk Show, 13, 18 RaILRoap stations, display of advertising cards in, 29, 31 Receipts, how secured, 25 statement of, 27 Refreshment counter, operation of, 55 Rent, expenditures for, 27 Report, inventories of exhibits for, 20 photographs taken for, 20 Restoration of buildings after Show, 23 Root Dairy Supply Company, exhibit of, 81 Russell Sage Foundation, wall placard furnished by, 37 Sarety, Department of Public, provided police and fire protection during Show, 23 INDEX Salaries paid from petty cash fund, 20 Salary expenditures, 27 Sale of certified milk, 55 of milk in and around Philadelphia, special exhibit showing conditions of, 56 of samples by commercial exhibitors pro- hibited, 34 Sanitary paper drinking cups used, 16 School children at Show, manner of handling, 37 children’s day, special, publicity through, 29 Schools, publicity through, 29, 30 Schutte and Koerting, exhibit of, 80 Scope of a Milk Show, 13 Secretary of committee on arrangements in gen- eral, petty cash fund of, 20 Settlements, codperation by, 39 Shapiro, Samuel, exhibit of, 81 Sharpless, P. E., Company, exhibit of, 81 Shipping instructions, requirements concerning provision of, 23, 34 (See also Application blank and contract for commercial exhibits, 106, 107.) Show-rooms, selection of suitable, 21, 22 rental of, 22 floor space of, 22 Signs, expenditures on, 27 on front of exhibition building, 19, 45 required within show-rooms, 34 supplied within show-rooms, 22, 23 Single Service Package Corporation of America, exhibit of, 81 Social agencies, publicity through, 29 clubs informed of Show, 40 organizations, committee on. Committees.) Space. (See under. Floor space.) Stables. (See Dairy barns and Dairy stables.) Stereopticon, expenditures on, 27 Stores, display of cards in show windows of, 29, 31 Street-cars, advertising cards displayed within, 29, 31 advertising signs attached to fenders, 29, 31 Sub-committees, organization of, 17 (See under 123 Sub-committees, reports from, 18 Subscriptions, solicitation of, 25 Subway stations, display of advertising cards in, 29, 31 Supplee Alderney Dairies, The, exhibit of, 81 TELEPHONES, public, supplied in exhibition rooms, 29 Trade organizations informed concerning Show, 40 Transportation of milk in and around Phila- delphia, special exhibit showing, 56 Treasurer, closing accounts with, 26, 27 financial statement of, 27 handling of vouchers by, 19, 20 payment of bills by, 19, 20 payments advanced on pay-rolls by, 20 replenishment of petty cash fund of executive secretary by, 20 Unperwnriters Company, The, exhibit of, 81 United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Industry, Dairy Division, exhibit of, 78 —— —— —— milk and cream contests under supervision of, 38, 48 VETERINARY Department, University of Pennsyl- vania, pathological exhibit of, 78 —— —— University of Pennsylvania, meeting place of Dairy Institute, 38, 47 Vice-chairman, vouchers countersigned by, 19 Visitors, method of handling, 54 Vouchers, form and use of, 19, 20 WaTER connections, required, 34 supplied, 22 West Disinfecting Company, exhibit of, 81 Woolman, Edward, exhibit of, 81 Nay Pas Oe elie 5 BROS. DOBB: i _ LIBRARY GINDING wna OO0089b0811