ere wpons le IVA LP, Aue) 40) Ve ye Atal Perr Rohsy, Ce as » eh iy Ly) aT TiN pitt rt this os , , Sy \ ’ rad ta Sy Gime } ‘ ti? Cake ay Dat . . 4, Pe Pos} AS La i ; oy iS ' CANTOR ANE UTR BORN RELA Ph A Ra OTE Rive weith 4] ay as fo Pare > F i ha ' ab 7, ‘ . ‘ ' ? ‘ \ = * Py 7 7 r 4 + ‘ 2% “ . \ wi We . ~ * : , . is be A Bee) é ‘ + ‘ . 7 a % ee : T ee ae a ee ort eyparene = : wr 34 eS | wx iam 8 Sean Se i ee é =, as a ‘ nL . ‘ A . a | = J A - >. 4 * | 2 as r . | 7 e me : | | | | _. ' | | | if F . . | pe os , - ' a / ¥ = = 3s ; | | | Be Bis alll . iti | j 2 ; ™e Bs é | a Sha : : : a | _ ; ws i . ' i 4 F j ' — Siw . 4 2 | | | | ’ ‘ « — : ; y . 4 a ‘ . %. ; CHELTENHAM COLLEGE a _Ssistorn Society. EE fatural At1lseos & Sumptibus Gditexum Chelloniensium. CHELTENHAM : _ DARTER’S COLLEGE BOOK AND STATIONERY DEPOT, i NORTHWICK TERRACE. : CONTENTS. if D Preface any if a eh The Council ... ae as ~ Rules ae ae Pre : List of Members and Life Members ete ; . _ Lectures, Excursions, etc wa nithological Section ... ad hotographic Section ..., a , dditions to the Museum seu y 2 lance Sheet | “has ala fae PAGE. 33. 34 PREFACE. T is seldom probably that a school society experiences such a series of changes as the Natural History Society has experienced during the past year. Not only has the office of President, vacated by the late Principal, been filled by his successor, but the office of Secretary has had to be filled owing to the departure of both Mr. Hichens and Mr. Rouse. To these former members of the council, and to all who have left us last year, we offer our most hearty ——) thanks for all they have done for the Society. ¥ Unfortunately for the value this year’s Report few minutes of its meetings seem to have been taken and no records of the Archeo- logical and Geological Sections are to be found, so that this Report mainly consists of the records of the other Sections. As full a list of Members as it has been possible to collect is printed and it is hoped that every member’s name occurs in it No list of flowers and moths of the district can be given this year, but it is hoped that in next year’s Report this will be done. The Presidency of the Archeological Section has been filled by _ Mr. A. S. Owen, that of the Entomological Section by Mr. Salter and 7 that of the Geological Section by Mr. Gardiner, and all Members of the Society wishing to join any one of those Sections should give in THE . COUNECIE President ... Vice-President Treasurer ... Secretartes ... President of Archaeological Section... President of Art Section President of Botanical Section Secretary President of Entomological Section ... President of Geological Section Presidcnt of Ornithological Section ... Secretary President of Photographic Section President of Junior School THE PRINCIPAL. Rev. J. MUGLISTON. W. M. Baker, Esa. J. H. Hicuens, Esa. W. H. D. Rouse, Esq. C. I. GARDINER, Esq. A. S. Owen, Eso. S. P. Nespit, Esq. J. R. Wynne-Epwarps, Esq. E. W. SPARROW. J. C. SALTER, Esa. C. I. GarpDINnER, Esa. M. TANNER, Esq. S. DENNIs. A. H. MacDonatp, Esq. F. J. Cave, Esq. CHELTENHAM COLLEGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 7 RULES. 1.—That this Society be called the Cheltenham College Natural History Society, and have for its object the promotion of the study of Natural History. 2. —That Ordinary Meetings of this Society be held on Fridays once in three weeks at 5.30 p.m., or at such other times as the Council of the said Society may appoint, when papers and notes on observations shall be read and discussed, specimens exhibited, and the ordinary business of the Society transacted. i i hi ee as « es oe aad > s. -. i i _ 3,—That each Member of the Society is entitled to introduce two friends at any Meeting. Visitors may speak and read papers with the leave of the President or Chairman of the Meeting. 4.—That field days be appointed for the purpose of making excursions to places of interest in the neighbourhood. 5.—That a terminal Subscription of 1/- be payable in advance by all Members, except Honorary Members, who shall subscribe 5/-, and that all Members who have paid five consecutive terminal Subscriptions, be exempt from any further payment. 6.—That any Member whose subscription shall be a whole term in arrears shall cease to be a Member of the Society. - 7.—That Members be encouraged to join sections for the more accurate study of the different branches of Natural History : that the formation of these be arranged, and the work settled at the first Meeting of each term : that each section be under a President, who . _ is responsible for its Meetings and organisation, and that a Secretary be appointed by each section to keep minutes of its proceedings, B of which a summary shall appear in the Report. x - 8.—That the Society issue a Report as often as the Council think fit. / . 9.—That the Officers of this Society consist of a President, _ Vice-President, a Secretary and Treasurer, who, with the Presidents 8 CHELTENHAM COLLEGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. and Secretaries of the branches, shall constitute the Council of the Society, besides the Natural Science Masters, who shall be ex-officio Members of the Council. 1o.—That the duties of the President shall be to preside at Meetings, and act as general referee on all questions of order. 11.—That in the absence of the President, the Vice-President, or, in his absence, a Member of the Council, shall preside. 12.—That the duties of the Secretary shall be to give notice of Meetings of the Society and the Council, and to enter the minutes of Meetings in a book kept for that purpose, to collect subscriptions, and to give account of the same. 13.—That the Treasurer’s accounts, after the approval and signature of the two Auditors, to be appointed at the last Meeting of each year, be laid on the table at the first Meeting of the succeeding year. 14.—That the Officers constitute for the time being the Council of the Society, in which shall be vested all arrangements not provided for in these Rules. 15.—That the Secretary have power by a vote of the majority of Members present, at a Special or Ordinary Meeting, to -erase from the list of the Society any Member whose conduct should be adverse to the interests and objects of the Society. Fees and _ Subscriptions are in no case to be returned, but re-election of an ex-Member to be permitted during the next term. 16.—That the Members of the Society on leaving the College become corresponding Members. 17.—That no alteration be made in these rules except at a General Meeting at which 2t Members at least are present, and then only provided it is carried by a majority of two-thirds of those present. Secretartes Adair Adami Alexander Atkinson Baines, F. A. Baines, L. O. ~ Bradford Bethel _ Bickham Biggs _ Blomfield Bourne Bowly _ Chamier _ Cohen ~~ Cohen“ Cole Collins _ Dansey Denne Dennis Dyas . _ Eldridge _ Bourne, E. E. LIST OF MEMBERS. LENT TERM, 1895. Cheltenham College Natural History Society, President: THe Rev. H. A. JAMES. : J. H. Hicuens, Esa, W. H. D. Rouse, Eso. Treasurer: W. M. Baker, Esq. LIFE MEMBERS. Enriquez, Alb. Enriquez, Alf. Evans Fawkes ‘Finké fi by Fisher, E. Fleming Footner _ Fowler Fraser Gambles, A. Gambles, C. Gooch Goodlake Hance Handley Hawkins Henderson Hill Hooper | Houston Jeffery Joseph Kemble Kennedy King, E. King, L. Lambert Lanyon Laurie Lewin Little Lock, R. Lockley Lucas Marcan Martin Middleton Middleton Morgan Morris Mortimore Moseley Murray Ommanney Osborne Parish Poe | Powell Ramsay, H. Rawlins Redfern Reece Roberts Russell Sandell Shelley Sington Stuart Talbot Talbot Thomson, D. Thomson, H.G.A. Thompson, L. Thornley Turnbull Turner Urquhart Watson Weld * Wheatcroft Whitaker Williams, W. H. Williams Wilson Wilson Wilson Wiltshire Winter Wood Woodward 10 CHELTENHAM COLLEGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Atkins Baines, C. T. Barrett Berrington Black Carter Chamier, A. G. Cleaver Crawford Cunrick Dennis Francis Fowler Grant Green Halford Hare Secretaries Adair Adami Alexander Atkins Atkinson Baines, F. A. Baines, L. O. T. Barnett Bedford Berrington Bethel Bickham Biggs Blomfield Bourne ORDINARY MEMBERS. Healing Hill Hill-Thomson Hollins Hollway Hood Jackson James Kirshaw Kirkhouse Knox- Brown Lechmere Lee Levy, H. Levy, R. Lock, H. Long Lyster Macleod May Moore Mortimer, A. Mullins Neame Nelson Newton Noad Noel, C. Noel, W. Pariente Pery Knox-Gore, A. Pery Knox-Gore, W. Prichard Rider SUMMER TERM, 1895. President : (vacant). Treasurer: W.M. BAKER, Esa. LIFE MEMBERS. Bourne, E. E. Chamier, P. G. Cleaver Cohen Cohen Cole Collins Cox Coulson Croker Danish Dansey Denne Dennis Dickinson Dilke Dyas Eldridge Enriquez, Alb. Enriquez, Alf. Evans Fawkes Finké Fisher Fleming Fowler Fowler Fraser, A. C. Furniss Gantillon Rollo Russell Selby Sherwood Sparrow Spencer Theobald, H. Thomson, A. Titley Torrie Torrie Turnbull Wenham Wernicke Willcox Woods : J. H. Hicuens, Esq., W. H. D. Rouse, Esq. Gooch Goodlake Hance Handley Hawkins Henderson Hill, aS: Home Houston Jeffery Joseph Kemble Kennedy Kirshaw Lambert 2 LIST OF MEMBERS. II Lanyon Morris Sandell Watson Laurie Mortimore Shelley Weld j Lechmere Murray, E. Sherwood Wheatcroft & Lewin Noad Sington Whitaker Little Ommanney Stuart Williams, W. H. Lock Osborne Talbot, B. W. Williams Lockley Parish Thomson, H. G. Wilson ; * Long Prichard Thompson, L. Wilson Lucas Poé Thornley Wilson Lyster Powell Torrie Wiltshire Macleod Rawlins Turnbull Winter Marcan Reece Turner Wood Middleton Russell Urquhart Woodward . Morgan ORDINARY MEMBERS. Arbuthnot Hill-Thomson Murray, M. Selby Baines, C. T. Hollway Murray Skinner, J. Baxter Hood Neame Sparrow Bird Jackson Nelson Spencer, A. Black James Newton Spencer Carter Knox-Brown Noel, C. Theobald _ Chamier Lee Noel, W. Thomson A. ' Clarke Levy, H. PeryKnox-Gore,A. Titley Congreve Levy, R. PeryKnox-Gore,W. Turnbull Crawford Lock Phillips Wallace Curnick Maclean Richardson Wernicke Dennis May Rider White Francis Morgan Rollo Willcox _ ‘Fraser, G. Moore, C. Russell Wilmer, W. _. Green Mottram Roberts, F Woods _ _Halford Mullins Roberts, G. __-Hedger Murray, H. Savill MICHAELMAS TERM, 1895. President; THE Rev. R. DE C. LAFFAN. _ Secretaries: W.-H. D. Rouss, Esa., C. I. GarDINER, Esq. Treasurer: W. M. Baker, Esq. LIFE MEMBERS. a _ Adair Atkins Baines, L. O. T. Bourne Alexander Baines, F. Bickham Bowle-Evans 12 CHELTENHAM COLLEGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Buckrett Cleaver Collins Croker Eldridge Fawkes Fitzherbert, A. Finké Fowler Furniss Gooch Handley Hill, B. Hall, Ls: Houston Jackson Baines, C. T. Balfour, J. Beasley Bird Biscoe Black Boothby Bramwell Brierly Carter Chamier Clarke Congreve Cottrell Crawford Creswell Curnick Davies James Joseph Kemble Kershaw Lambert Lanyon Laurie Lee Levy, H. Levy, R. Lewin Little Long Lock, R. Lockley Lyster Middleton Morris Noad Noel Osborne Parish Phillips Poe Poyser Prichard Ramsey, H. Ramsey Rawlins Roberts, J. Russell Sandell ORDINARY MEMBERS. Dennis Edge Fisher Francis Fraser, G. Garrett Gray Greer Grose Griffith Halford, E. Hedger Hill-Thomson Hood Houghton Knox-Brown Langley Lee, M. Tacks kt. Lockhart Loyd Lynch-Staunton Maclean May Morris Mortimer Mottram Mullins Murray, H. Murray, M. Murray Neame Nelson Newton Pery Knox-Gore, Pery Knox-Gore, W. Shelley Sherwood ~ Sparrow Stewart, G. Talbot, B. Thomson, A. Thompson, H. Turnbull Wernicke Wheatcroft Whitaker Wild Williams, W. H. Williams Wilson Worthen Woods, E. G. Reece, E. Richardson Rider Roberts, F. Rollo Russell Savill Selby Skinner Spencer Thomson Torrie, T. G. Wallace Wheeler White Willcox . Wilson, W. CHELTENHAM COLLEGE. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, 13 LECTURES, EXCURSIONS, &c. ...Lecture on Wild Flowers, by J. R. Wynne-Edwards, Esq. ...Lecture on “Some Greek Fairy Tales,” by W. H. D. Rouse, Esq. ; ...Lecture on “The Geological Action of Ice,” by C, Roberts, Esq. ...Lecture on “ Larvee,” by T. G. Goodlake, Esq. © ...Expedition to Winchcombe and Hales Abbey ...Expedition to Birdlip. ...Expedition to Withington. ...Expedition to Pinetum and Gloucester Cathedral. ... Lecture on ‘‘ Some Greek Stories,” by W. H. D. Rouse, Esq. .:.Lecture on “ The Structure of Birds,” by F. J. Cade, Esq. ...Lecture on “Weather Charts and Storm Warnings,” by C. I. Gardiner, Esq. ...Exhibition of Slides taken by the Photographic Section, I4 CHELTENHAM COLLEGE NUTURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, BOTANICAL SECTION. President 2- ==, » jel Wynne-Epwarps, Esa. Secretary - - - G. W. Sparrow. Working Members : J. E. Home. C. H. C. Noap. C. G. WELD. J. H. Roserts. F. E. WILLIAMS. C. F. NokEt. C. P. JAMEs. B. WALTER. C. H. G. MOTTRAM. F. P. WERNICKE. carried out on somewhat simpler lines than formerly. Instead of working out the natural orders with the help of the ‘School Flora,’ the competitors merely brought their specimens to the Museum and had them identified and marked. This enabled them to speud more of their spare time in actually hunting for flowers, though probably at some sacrifice of accuracy of knowledge. Another year we hope to have a complete record of the dates of first flowerings, but this year we have been unable to do this and have appended the initials of the two who get the greatest number to the flowers they found. The Section shared two expeditions with the Ornithological Section. The first was on June 7th. We drove to Whitcombe, and after inspecting the Roman Villa, walked through the woods up to Birdlip. 116 different species were found in all. The second was to Hillcot and Colesbourne, and the woods by the Colne proved an excellent hunting ground. We were sorry to miss the Mimulus, which has been found in former years in the stream-bed. We got 128 species in all. We make a special appeal to all those who feel an interest in Wild Flowers to join this Section next year. Boating boys have special opportunities for collecting, and the President of the Section BOTANICAL SECTION. : 15 is always ready to receive specimens at the Museum on whole- school days between 2 o’clock and afternoon school. Sparrow and Howe were excluded from the competition as winners of the prize in former years. The most successful were Noad, who won the prize with 227, and Weld who got 186. JUNIOR SCHOOL. President - - -¥. J. Cave, Esq. Working Members. Hopson, T. A. MatrTHews, F. A. W. Currig, M. M. L. Kine, S. Mackig, G. L. Worsky, T. A. WHITTUCK, H. C. _PrueEn, A. S. F. CoLLETT, L. G. PorTER, L. B. M. GRIFFIN, T. W. R. RING, C. S. GRIFFITH, R. C. Burce, R. L. LIDDLELAW, G. S. NESTOR-SCHMURMANN, H. LITTLEDALE, H. F. SS=9XCELLENT work was done in this Section during the Summer term. Seventeen competed for the prizes. which were given for the greatest number of speci- mens obtained, and were gained by Hodson with 237 specimens and Currie with 234, Mackie being ae sf] ~=6third with 190. Mh Shedition was made on June 18th, in company with the members of the Ornithological Section to the Roman Villa at % Chedworth and to Foss Bridge, returning by Puesdown. Among the flowers found not common in the immediate neighbourhood of u — and galium uliginiosum. In the following list of specimens it should be explained that the 16 CHELTENHAM COLLEGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY Next year it is hoped to give all the records of first flowerings. H..T: A. Hodson. C..M. M. L Currie. B.. Burge. G.. Griffin. Mc.. Mackie. Co.. Collett. SENIORS. W...C G. Weld. Wr..B. Walter. R..J. H. Roberts. N...C. H.C. Noad. Wm..F. E. Williams. Ranunculus Aquatilis, (Water Crowfoot) WwW oP Ficaria, (Lesser Celandine) W. 55 Arvensis, (Corn Buttercup) WwW “3 Repens ) ; 5 Bulbosus ; (Common Buttercup) .. ..W., Acris j Auricomus, (Goldilocks) = W. Sceleratus, (Celery-leaved Crowfoot) Caltha Palustris, (Marsh Marigold) W Chelidonium Majus, (Great Celandine).. Ww Papaver Rhoeas, (Common Poppy) », Dubium, (Long-headed Poppy) Anemone Nemorosa, (Wood Anemone) Fumaria Officinalis, (Fumitory) . Capreolata, (Rampant ancy) Corydalis Lutea, (Yellow Fumitory) Clematis Vitalba, (Traveller’s Joy) Thlaspi Arvense, (Penny Cress) : Capsella Bursa-Pastoris, (Shepherd’s Purse) Cochlearia Armoricaria, (Horse Radish) Cardamine Pratensis, (Cuckoo Flower) oe Hirsuta, (Hairy Bitter Cress) Hesperis Matronalis, (Common Hesperis) Arabis Hirsuta, (Hairy Rock Cress) Barbarea Vulgaris, (Yellow Rocket) Lepidium Campestre, (Field Cress) A Draba, (Hoary Cress) Camelina Sativa, (Cameline) .. Nasturtium Officinale, (Watercress) 4 Amphibium, (Great Watercress) Erysimum Cheiranthoides, (Common Erysimum) Sisymbrium Officinale, (Hedge Mustard) 5 Alliaria, (Garlic Mustard) .. Brassica Alba, (Mustard) 2 Nigra, (Black Mustard) py Campestris, (Field) .. a Sinapistrum, (Charlock) ae Muralis, (Wall) "5 Oleracea Peer E nnsoZzo4zzoasztooz4znos4zkaazzammszzzZz 4 zzz - COS eee” le eI mi gegen 3° meek BOTANICAL SECTION. Senebiera Coronopus ae ¥ Didgrna .. ae Draba Verna, (Whitlow eis). Reseda Luteola, (Wild Mignonette) ” Lutea, ( 3 ) ve Helianthemum Vulgare, (Rock Rose) .. Viola Hirta, (Hairy Violet) »» Odorata, (Sweet Violet) » Canina, (Dog Violet) », Tricolor, (Pansy) ‘3 Polygala Vulgaris, (Milkwort) wb Silene Inflata, (Bladder Campion) F »» Gallica, (Small-flowered Silene).. Lychnis Diurna, (Red Campion) » Vespertina, (White Campion) .. F », Floscuculi, (Ragged Robin) Sagina Procumbens, (Knotted Pearlwort) Arenaria Trinervis, (Sandwort) ‘ », Serpyllifolia, (Thyme-leaved Sandwort) Stellaria Media, (Chickweed).. Stellaria Holostea, (Stitchwort) ty Graminea, (Lesser Stitchwort) Re Uliguiosa, (Bog Stitchwort) Cerastium Triviale, (Mouse-ear Chickweed) Linum Catharticum, (Purging Flax) Malva Sylvestris, (Mallow) »» Moschata, (Musk Mallow) » Rotundifolia .. : Tilia Europaea, (iia Hypericum Perforatum, (St. John’s Wort) x Dubium Imperforati, (St. John’s Wort) "5 Quadrangulum, (St. John’s Wort) .. SS Pulchrum, (Little St. John’s Wort) .. a Hirsutum, (Hairy St. John’s Wort).. Acer Pseudo-Platanus, (Sycamore) », Campestre, (Maple) Euonymus Europaeus, (Spindle Wyeele Castanea Vulgaris, (Horse Chestnut) Ilex Aquifolium, (Holly) Geranium Molle, (Dove’s-foot Cranesbill) 5 Lucidum, (Shining Cranesbill) a Robertianum, (Herb Robert) ce Pratense, (Meadow Cranesbill) » . Columbinum, (Long-stalled Cranesbill) . 5 Dissectum, (Ragged Cranesbill) ¥ é _ Oxalis Acetosella, (Wood Sorrel) 'Cytisus Scoparius, (Broom) Ulex Europaeus, (Gorse) _ Genista Tinctoria, (Dyer’s Green Weed) ¢ gas 22 3 - Sfzaze4z2 2hZ2tozz obzeuazzzzzzzzz 2zzzzzpe4zsz Ss 2245240 | 18 \CHELTENHAM COLLEGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Ononis Arvensis, (Rest Harrow) Anthyllis Vulneria, (Kidney Vetch) Medicago Sativa, (Lucerne) .- Melilotus Officinalis, (Melilot) Trifolium Minus, (Lesser Trefoil) ~ Pratense, (Red Clover) ao Repens, (Dutch Clover) Ny Procumbens, (Hop Trefoil) .. Lotus Corniculatus, (Bird’s Foot Clover) 5, Major, (Great Bird’s Foot Clover) Hippocrepis Comosa, (Horse Shoe Vetch) Onobrychis Sativa, (Common Sainfoin) Vicia Sativa, (Common Vetch) », Tetrasperma, (Slender Vetch) ,, Sepium, (Bush Vetch) .. », Sylvatica, (Wood Vetch) ,» Cracca, (Tufted Vetch) .. Lathyrus Pratensis, (Yellow Pea) _ Macrorhizus, (Common Pea) .. Prumus Padus, (Bird Cherry) - 1m », Communis, (Wild Plum) Rubus Idaeus, (Raspberry) ,, Fructicosus, (Blackberry) 5, Corylifolius, (Blackberry) Agrimonia Eupatoria, (Agrimony) Rosa Canina, (Dog Rose) ,, Arvensis, (Field Rose) .. Rosa Villosa, (Trailing Rose).. Spiraea Ulmaria, (Meadow Sweet) », Filipendula, (Dropwort) Geum Urbanum, (Wood Avens) Fragaria Vesea, (Wild Strawberry) Potentilla Anserina, (Silverweed) ,, Tormentilla, (Tormentil) ., Fragariastrum, (Barren Strawberry) », Reptans, (Creeping Cinquefoil) Poterium Sanguisorba, (Salad Burnet) .. Sanguisorba Officinalis, (Great Burnet) Alchemilla Vulgaris, (Lady’s Mantle) .. Crataegus Oxyacantha, (Hawthorn) Pyrus Malus (Crab Apple) ,, Aucuparia, (Mountain Ash) ,, Communis, (Pear) a a Epilobium Montanum, (Willow Herb) .. 9 Angustifolium, (Rose Bay Willow He + Palustre, (Marsh Willow Herb) af Hirsutum, (Hairy Willow Herb) a Parviflorum, (Hoary Willow Herb) Circaea Lutetiana, (Enchanter’s Nightshade) tb) az 4m mz 4225287 = yazszezt 2zozeoZonesaze 4eengsm gonzo ae 242A. ALZAS gu hag 422 Ww. H. zz ~ s 1 a wa ef? v . 220220 ee ee ee FEV eo 0S, a a) - BOTANICAL SECTION. Lythrum Salicaria, (Purple Loosetrife) Bryonia Dioica, (Bryony) Sedum Acre, (Biting Stonecrop) Chrysosplenium Oppositifolium, (Golden Saxifage) Ribes Rubrum, (Red Currant) Sanicula Enropaea, (Wood Sanicle) Cegopodium Podagraria, (Goutweed) Oenanthe Phyllandrium, (Dropwort) Carum Carvi, (Caraway) Aethusa Cynapium, (Fool’s Bacley) Silaus Pratensis, (Meadow Silaus) ; Heracleum Spondylium, (Cow eae Pastinaca Sativa, (Parsnip) ; Conopodium Denudatum, (Earth-nut) . Scandix Pecten-Veneris, (Venus’ Comm Angelica Sylvestris, (Angelica) Daucas Carota, (Wild Carrot) Anthriscus Sylvestris, (Chervil) Conium Maculatum, (Hemlock) : Eupatorium Cannabinum, (Hemp Agrimony) Helosciadium Nodiflorum Apium Graveolens, (Parsley) .. Viscum Album, (Mistletoe) Cornus Sanguinea, (Dogwort) Sambucus Nigra, (Elder) Adoxa Moschatellina, (Moschatel) Viburnum Opulus, (Guelder Rose) a Lantana, (Wayfaring Tree) .. Lonicera Periclymenum, (Honeysuckle) Galium Cruciatum, (Crosswort) », Werum, (True Bedstraw) » Mollugo, (Hedge Bedstraw) »» Parisiense, (Wall Bedstraw) » Saxatile, (Rock Bedstraw) », Uliginosum, (Marsh Bedstraw).. Aparine, (Cleavers) . Biieeandia Arvensis, (Field Madder) Asperula Odorata, (Woodruft) », Cynanchica, (Squinancy wort) Valeriana Officinalis, (Valerian) Dipsacus Sylvestris, (Teazle) .. Scabiosa Succisa, (Scabious) .. : BS Columbaria, (Small Scabious) Knautia Arvensis, (Field Scabious) .. Eupatorium Cannabinum, (Common Eupatory) .. Tragopedon Pratensis, (Goat’s Beard) Leontodon Hispidus, (Hawkbeard) Hypochaeris Radicata, (Cat’s Ear) Lactuca Muralis, (Wall Lettuce) ae 44 heh - nomem ms Z2Z2Z2ZAZ 2402220204080 204204024222% 4 252 f22 ¢ 5 242 2 3 . =e ~~. per nak ae - vw Ss . . ~ . - s v « Z2A2242040 et Sm ~ 3 Z2zzzoaak . . 20 CHELTENHAM COLLEGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Sonchus Arvensis, (Corn Sowthistle) Sonchus Olereacus, (Sow Thistle) Crepis Virens, (Hawkbit) » Biennis, (Biennial Hawkbit) » Hieracioides, (Hawkweed Crepis) Tussilago Farfara, (Coltsfoot) .. Hieracium Pilosella, (Mouse-ear Eitwieweed) 5 Murorum, (Wall Hawkweed) Taraxacum Densleonis, (Dandelion) Lapsana Communis, (Common Lapsana) Arctium Lappa, (Common Burdock) Carduus Palustris, (Marsh Thistle) mi Arvensis, (Field Thistle) Nutans, (Musk Thistle) Marianus, (Milk Thistle) + Lanceolatus, (Spear Thistle) a Acaulis, (Dwarf Thistle) ms Crispus, (Welted Thistle) Centaurea Nigra, (Knapweed) “5 Scabiosa, (Scabious Knapweed) Tanacetum Vulgare, (Tansy) .. Senecio Vulgaris, (Groundsel).. ne Jacobaea, (Ragwort) .. *3 Erucifolius, (Narrow-leaved Benecin| Inula Dysenterica, (Fleabane) Bellis Perennis, (Daisy) Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, (Dog Daisy) Segetum, (Corn Marigold) Matricaria Camomilla, (Camomile) Anthemis Cotula, (Field Camomile) Achillea Millefolium, (Yarrow) Pr Ptarmica, (Sneezewort) Artemisia Vulgaris, (Mugwort) Campanula Rotundifolia, (Harebell) #5 Latifolia, (Giant Bell Flower) 55 Rapunculoides, (Creeping Bell Flower) x) Trachelium, (Nettle-leaved Bell Flower) Glomerata, (Clustered Bell Flower) Monotropa Hypopitys, (Bird’s Nest) Tlex Aquifolium, (Holly) Fraxinus Excelsior, (Ash) Ligustrum Vulgare, (Privet) Vinca Major, (Periwinkle) Gentiana Campestris, (Gentian) Erythraea Centaurium, (Centaury) Chlora Perfoliata, (Yellow Wort) Convolvolus Arvensis, (Convolvulus) > Sepium, (Great Convolvulus) Hyvuscyamus Niger, (Henbane) 22 . AZAZRAAZZQAZAD nd ¢ g4nmee aeeeeh 434 S275 22 = - . ~ ~ . Na ee Sate a -v © Wik we ee wD OE! an . m ztoaumazszzaozzs - ZAZAZAAZaASAz Guzee te zzze Se Te Pi ES i be BOTANICAL SECTION. Solanum Dulcamara, (Woody Nightshade) Atropa Belladonna, (Deadly Nightshade) Veronica Arvensis, (Field Speedwell) .. Hederzefolia, (Ivy-leaved Speedwell) Serpyllifolia, (Thyme-leaved Speedwell) Agrestis, (Field Speedwell) ” 53 Anagallis, (Water Speedwell). . ‘si Montana, (Mountain Speedwell) Buxbaumii, (American Speedwell) 5 Beccabauga, (Brooklime) Verbascum Thapsus, (Mullein) - Nigrum (Black Mullein) Pedicularis Sylvatica, (Field Lousewort) ies Palustris, (Marsh Lousewort) Rhinanthus Cristi-galli, (Yellow Rattle) Bartsia Odontites, (Bartsia) Melampyrum Pratense, (Cow-wheat) Euphrasia Officinalis, (Eyebright) Linaria Cymballaria, (Ivy-leaved Toad-flax) » _ Vulgaris, (Yellow Toad-flax) »» Minus, (Lesser Toad-flax) Scrophularia Nodosa, (Knotted Figwort) *5 Aquatica, (Water Figwort) Digitalis Purpurea, (Foxglove) is Verbena Officinalis, (Vervain) Mentha Arvensis, (Corn Mint) » Aquatica, (Water Mint) Thymus Serpyllum, (Wild Thyme) Origanum Vulgare, (Marjoram) Caamintha Acinos, (Basil Thyme) ” Officinalis, (Wild Basil) a Clinopodium, (Hedge Calamint) Teucrium Scorodonia, (Wood Germander) Ajuga Reptans, (Bugle) Ballota Nigra, (Black Horehound) Lamium Purpureum, (Red Dead-nettle) > Album, (White Dead-nettle).. 3 Galeobdolon, (Yellow pate Stachys Betonica, (Betony) », Sylvatica, (Hedge Woundwartle Palustris, (Marsh Woundwort).. ” a” -Galeopsis Ladanum, (Red Galeopsis) Nepeta Gleehoma, (Ground Ivy) Prunella Vulgaris, (Self-heal).. ie Scutellaria Galericulata, (Common Skullcap) Lithospermum Arvense, (Corn Gromwell) Myosotis Arvensis, (Field Forget-me-not) %» Sylvatica, (Wood “s ) Chamaedrys, (Germander Speedwell) .. 2 . wen hesese4 pes vs 4 : - tAz2Zzaqssnsa4z2z4242424242024 2a - es = NE: .W., age. MWe ja . 22 Z22Z2ZAAZ2ZzZLAZAARS FS ZAZAZzZz 21 22 CHELTENHAM COLLEGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Myosotis Caespitosa, (Tufted Forget-me-not) =A Palustris, (True - ) * Repens, (Creeping 5, ) Anchusa Officinalis, (Common Alkanet) Cynoglossum Officinale, (Hounds Tongue) Symphytum Officinalis, (Comfrey) Borago Officinalis, (Common Borage) -. Echium Vulgare, (Viper’s Bugloss) Primula Vulgaris, (Primrose) Primula Veris, (Cowslip) : Lysimachia Nemorum, (Money Wort) .. 3 Nummularia. (Creeping Jenny) Anagallis Arvensis, (Scarlet Pimperne).. Plantago Major, (Great Plaintain) Be Media, (Hoary F ) 43 Lanceolata, (Ribwort ,, ) 5c A Chenopodium Bonus Henricus, (Good King Henry) - Arbicum, (Upright Goosefoot) As Album, (Goosefoot) P Vulvaria, (Stinking Goosefoot) Polygonum Aviculare, (Knotweed) a Amphibium, (Amphibious Bistort) 7 Persicaria, (Persicary) ds Ke % Convolvulus, (Convolvulus Bindweed) - Bistorta, (Snakeweed) Rumex Obtusifolius, (Dock) * Crispus, (Curled,, ) . Acetosa, (Sorrel) 5 Acetosella, (Sheep Sorrel) . Euphorbia Amygdaloides, (Great Spurge) “ Helioscopia, (Sun op) A Peplus, (Common aes) “6 Exigua, (Lesser Sean Mercurialis Perennis, (Dogs’ Mercury) .. Urtica Dioica, (Nettle) A » _Urens, (Small Nettle) Ulmus Montana, (Elm) Quercus Robur, (Oak) Alnus Glutinosus, (Alder) Salix Caprea, (Willow) ,, Purpurea, ( ,, ) Ee ,, Alba, (Common Willow) Pinus Syvestris, (Scotch Pine .. Lemna Minor, (Duckweed) : Orchis Pyramidalis, (Pyramidal Orchid). . » Mascula, (Early Purple ee ts) re » Masculata, (Spotted ei) ae ,, Palustris, (Marsh aD) Habenaria Bifolia, (Butterfly on) [res - ee 204222044 BOTANICAL SECTION. Habenaria Viridis, (Frog Orchid) Epipactis Latifolia, (Helleborine) 5 Palustris, (Marsh ,,__) a Herminium Monorchis, (Musk Orchis) .. Orphrys Apifera, (Bee Orchid) Listera Ovata, (Twayblade) Iris Pseudacorus, (Yellow Flag) } Polygonatum Officinale, (Solomon’s Seal) Allium Ursinum, (Garlic) oe Arum Maculatum, (Lords and Ladies) .. Hyacinthus Nonscriptus, (Hyaciuth) Paris Quadrifolia, (Herb Paris) Tamus Communis, (Black Bryony) Luzula Campestris, (Wood Rush) Carex Praecox, (Early Sedge) .. Juncus Glancus, (Common Rush) », Communis, (Common Rush) Alisma Plantago, (Water Plantain) Typha Latifolia, (Bulrush) Melica Uniflora, (Melic Grass) Phleum Prateuse, (Timothy Grass) Anthoxanthum Odorotum, (Vernal Grass) Alopecurus Pratensis, (Foxtail Grass) eS Geniculatus, (Bent Foxtail Grass) Dactylis Glomerata, (Cock’s Foot Grass) Aira Caespitosa, a f Calamagrostis Epigeros Lolium Perenne, (Darnel) Lathraea Filix Mas, (Male Fern) Equisetum Palustre, (Horsetail) 422 Ee FAAAACZAAAAABAAASALZAAAAAAE 24 CHELTENHAM COLLEGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION. President - - - W. GRIFFIN, Esq. Leckhampton Crippets Charlton Kings > ” Pittville ” Charlton Kings Leckhampton Crippets Charlton Kings Crippets Charlton Kings Crippets ” Leckhampton Hales Abbey Hales Abbey Crippets Tewkesbury . Leckhampton Tewkesbury TAKEN BY. ORNITHOLOGICAL NAME OF EGG. Swift Wren ~ Missel Thrush Partridge Sand Martin Moorhen Tree Pipit Cole Tit Wild Duck Pheasant Linnet Pied Wagtail Garden Warbler SECTION. LOCALITY. Sandy Lane Sst, TAKEN BY pe oe FF, 'C.5 H. rtd Ree C. ta 3) af Dat vo m 32 CHELTENHAM COLLEGE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY PHOTOGRAPHIC SECTION. President BALFOUR, J. M. Birp, E. B. BooTHByY, E. B. CABRERA, W. J. CLARKE, J. R. CoHEN, G. H. COTTRELL, V. S. CREED, C. O. CRESSWELL, F. W. FawkEs, R. E. F. Fow .er, E. G. Furniss, F. HovuentTon, A. T. first prize was awarded to E. M. Joseph, whilst H. St. G. Rawlins and A. F. Thomson were bracketted second. The other competitors were A. T. Houghton and F. R. Roberts. A con- siderable number of additional slides were shown by the above, and also by W. Bowle-Evans, H. S. May, A. F. G. Pery-Knox-Gore and Mr. Rouse, December 7th. - - - A. H. Macpona.p, Esq. Members. JosEPH, E. M. KERSHAW, F. LITTLE SG: bik LocKHART, H. W. May, H. S. NEAME, F. J. NELSON, H. 5S. C. NOTHMANN, V. PERY-KNOX-GORE, Wis hte. Ce PERY-KNOX-GORE, A. F. G. RAWLINS, H. St. G. HE annual exhibition of lantern slides was held on judge the slides sent in for competition, but the entries were unfortunately very few this year. The Dr. Ferguson kindly consented to Roserts, J. H. Roperts, F. R. RUSSELL, R. E. M. SAMUELSON, C. L. THOMSON, Do A. 2 = Tuomson, H. G. A. THomson, A. F. — WALLACE, €. J. S. WINTER, E. C. ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM. 33 ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM DURING 1895. ferns and Shells from New Zealand, and the Magazine of the Linnean Society... ... Presented by C. G. Lyall, Esq., O.C. Is and specimen of Coral from the Fiji Islands, Presented by H. Thomson, Esq., O.C. and Quiver of Poisoned Arrows from the West Coast of Africa, ip Bow and five Arrows from North America, and Bow from Ceylon, ve: Presented by A. B. Webster, Esq. Crocodile from India ... Presented by Mortimer (C). is from Leckhampton ... Presented by W. H. Williams (C), = and J. Francis (C). ‘JOINSBSTT, “UOFT ‘ aMuvg ‘WM smDmaoaoooovuou + MOoOmMowogqgns puvy ul sourjeg a: (‘soig sewoy) ‘oj0 ‘urajUeT MON oe sainjoa'T ye ulajueyT Surseuryy ‘Bury Way Puy ‘uorsiasadng wooy yieq ‘sury ee a H M Jed) uoniqiyx” eps usojue'T os Cosfg gad) quoojeg Wa J, puosas ‘uorslAladng wooy yxeq ‘sur Cama [4ed) “ oaurogsajog “ (WaH'M wed) “ faqqy sary “(LW Jed) uotsinoxq dypirg jo sasuadxq ne soinjoo'y 38 ulojueyT Suiseurp ‘Bury WAIT, IsIJ ‘UOIsIAIadnS WooY xed ‘Bury sa “(WAH 'M Jed) Sysnog saps ats “* gInjoaT Sasnoy “Ij. jo sasuadxy] "98¥LUed pur sapl[s Jo aIF] ‘arnyrQuadxZ FS ee — “UNUNOg “Vy ‘Vy ‘96g siz ‘qayq ‘001109 punoy pue palpny oor WSF i a cae suondiiosqns way, pay, pue suondiuosqng wooy yIed 29] ie St os ip suondiosqns wey, puovas pue suondiuosqng wooy yieq ** Ajo Git. Cy wee ** suondiosqns way, 3sIy pur suoyjdiuosqng wooy yeq * "judy Or ibe er b6g1 woy puey ul souepeg *** ‘uef eS Pee ‘sp drasaiR S681. aOd. LHHHS AINV IVE .* in a oe ty ~ ' woe «te = | EA le 8's np waa? | ws 4 < a - | | | 7 vs & x | | | | 7 : a a : >* ] oy ; 14 oie "s ae : 7 ¥9, ey ———_ * é o - * ol ~ i * baa sy” ze a ae : bt ee or *, 4 * iy _ oy ort: REPORT oe | * THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR #1396 SumptiOuo Gditorum Cheltoniensium. - CHELTENHAM : : DARTER’S COLLEGE BOOK AND STATIONERY DEPOT, Re NORTHWICK TERRACE. CHELTENHAM : THOMAS HAILING, OXFORD PRINTING WORKS. 1897. CONTENTS. F PAGE, I The Council, 1897 5 7 8 List of Members ates ae a; Nai eee Biechures and Excursions 15 "Additions to the Museum ee ve saath ROO) a eports of Geeta ‘ (x) Archeological Section ... se vate li (2) Botanical Section igi abe on ES : a G3) Entomological Section a oa +) go * (4) Geological Section ae Oy: dawg a (5) Ornithological Section ... ie aa, 3A _ (6) Photographic Section fy sive seh ae () “Argon and Helium ” 39 i, ) “Cheltenham in the Olden Days if...’ seq aa Sheet ae at ne s+ 57 | 5 ee : 5 eat ; | a6 +i Ae va: ; sae , | | as See ee Cyne ae ae eer pact ’ ee 7 le ee 5 ae A a, r ao re zs rae ae aks. pupae i Se ie al Wlaat ple aes: ee ee asus ¥ President ... i 4 7 d | Vice-President cS - _ Treasurer ... Secretary President of Geological Section Secretary Pre ident of Funior School President of Entomological Section ... President of Ornithological Section ... Pre ident of Photographic Section ... THE, COUNCELL. THE PRINCIPAL. Rev. J. MUGLISTON. W. M. Baker, Esq. C. I. Garpiner, Esq. A. S. OwEn, Esq. J. R. Wynne-Epwarps, Esq. ~ C. Noap. J. C. SaLTer, Esq. C. I. GarpINnER, Esa. M. TANNER, Esq. A. F. THomson. A. H. Macpona.p, Esq. F. J. Cape, Esa. A Oates ee ok ee Es oe Pe ae ) iS Ae na 5 « ew AAWIi sul f ; ' isk atts 4 ' f axe “Ee r Gs : { ‘ = % ‘ sf Pl nue a ‘ hile (tees, “aad — 1 i lx , Died f= : _ < bh me APR Wiel a AS ere d, PAL he i aks ; ak Ay on | = PREFACE. ‘|HE past year has been one of quiet but steady pro- gress. The Excursions and Lectures of the Society have been very well attended, the latter having indeed at times drawn so large an audience that the Lecture Theatre has been most inconveniently crowded. Lists of flowers and moths found in the Cheltenham district are published this year, they are by no means complete, and it is hoped that all members of the Society who take an interest in . Botany or Entomology, whether they are members of the Sections _ which study those subjects or not, will do what they can to make the lists more complete. That our lists are improving is shown by the fact that seventy more flowers were noticed this year than last. Owing to the Old Chapel being now about to be used as a Library and Museum, there is at last a chance that we may get a little more space in our present Museum. Some of the things will be moved out into the Old Chapel, though much of the space _ there available for the museum will be filled with a collection of birds not yet exhibited. It will probably be possible to keep the old Museum for a ; Natural History Museum alone. The crying need in our Museum is for better arrangement of the specimens, and at present it is so terribly crowded that this appears impossible, with more space however it is hoped that’ the collections will be of more value. The thanks of the Society are due to various O.C’s. who have ‘Made presentations to the Museum during the past year, a list of which is published in this report. We must also thank W. F. Hicks- Beach, Esq., for allowing us to see the Roman Villa at Whitcomb, when we had our excursion there last May. 8 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, RUGES. 1.—That this Society be called the Cheltenham College Natural History Society, and have for its object the promotion of the study of Natural History. 2.—That Ordinary Meetings of this Society be held on Fridays once in three.weeks at 5.30 p.m., or at such other times as the Council of the said Society may appoint, when papers and notes on observations shall be read and discussed, specimens exhibited, and the ordinary business of the Society transacted. 3.—That each Member of the Society is entitled to introduce two friends at any Meeting. Visitors may speak and read papers with the leave of the President or Chairman of the Meeting. 4.—That field days be appointed for the purpose of making excursions to places of interest in the neighbourhood. 5.—That a terminal Subscription of 1/- be payable in advance by all Members, except Honorary Members, who shall subscribe 5/-, and that all Members who have paid five consecutive terminal Subscriptions, be exempt from any further payment. 6.—That any Member whose subscription shall be a whole term in arrears shall cease to be a Member of the Society. 7.—That Members be encouraged to join sections for the more accurate study of the different branches of Natural History : that the formation of these be arranged, and the work settled at the first Meeting of each term: that each section be under a President, who is responsible for its Meetings and organisation, and that a Sécretary be appointed by each section to keep minutes of its proceedings, of which a summary shall appear in the Report. 8.—That the Society issue a Report as often as the Council think fit. g.—That the Officers of this Society consist of a President, Vice-President, a Secretary, and Treasurer, who, with the Presidents RULES. 9 and Secretaries of the branches, shall constitute the Council of the Society, besides the Natural Science Masters, who shall be ex-officio Members of the Council. 1o.—That the duties of the President shall be to preside at Meetings, and act as general referee on all questions of order. 11.—That in the absence of the President, the Vice-President, or, in his absence, a Member of the Council shall preside. 12.—That the duties of the Secretary. shall be to give notice of Meetings of the Society and the Council, and to enter the minutes of Meetings in a book kept for that purpose, to collect subscriptions, and to give account of the same. 13.—That the Treasurer’s accounts, after the approval and signature of the two Auditors, to be appointed at the last Meeting of each year, be laid on the table at the first Meeting of the succeeding year. 14.—That the Officers constitute for the time being the Council of the Society, in which shall be vested all arrangements not provided for in these Rules 15.—That the Secretary have power by a vote of the majority of Members present, at a Special or Ordinary meeting, to erase from the list of the Society any Member whose conduct should be adverse to the interests and objects of the Society. Fees and _ Subscriptions are in no case to be returned, but re-election of an _ ex-Member to be permitted during the next term. 16.—That the Members of the Society on leaving the College become corresponding Members. 17.—That no alteration be made in these rules except at a General Meeting at which 21 Members at least are present, and then only provided it is carried by a majority of two thirds of those present. Io C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Cheltenham College Matural Aistorn Societn, LENT TERM, 1896. President: THE Rev. R. DE C. LAFFAN. Adair Alexander Atkinson Baines, F. A. Baines, L. O..T. Barratt Bickham Bourne, E. Bowle-Evans Cleaver Cohen, G. ’ Cohen, S. Collins Croker Dansey Davenport Eldridge Fawkes Finke, R. H. Fitzherbert Fowler, E. G. Fraser, A. C. Gooch Handley Hill, B. H. Bathurst Baines, C. T. Beach Beazley, R. L. Bedell LIFE MEMBERS: Hooper, J. Houston Jackson James, W. P. Joseph Kemble Kershaw King, L. Lambert, J. P. Langford-James Lanyon Little, C. H. Lock, R. Marcan, L. Middleton, G. V. Morris Noad Noel, C. Noel, E. Northall-Laurie Osborne Parish, S. Poé, Phillips Poyser Birtwhistle, G. Biscoe Black Booth ; Bramwell, G. ORDINARY MEMBERS: Secretary : C. I. GARDINER, Esq. Treasurer: W. M. BAKER, Esq. Pritchard, E. C. Ramsay, H. Rawlins Roberts, J. H. Russell Shelly Sington Sparrow, W. Spencer, A. Stuart Talbot, B. Thomson, D. A. Thomson Torrie, C. J. Turnbull Watson Wheatcroft, H. A. Whittaker Wald Williams, A. S. Williams, F. E. Williams, W. H. Williams Wilson, S. B. Woods, S. I. Brierley, W. Capel-Davies Carter Chamier Clarke . Cottrell, J. Cottrell, V. Congreve 1 Conran, W. _ Crawford, A. Cresswell ~ Crookes Curnick Currie Dennis, R. H. — Dixon _ Edge _ Francis, J. Fraser, G. Fisher _ Fitzherbert, E. Fort, L. ‘aa Grey, A. J. H. _ Griffith, RC. _ Grose - Halford, E. Hedger _ Hill-Thomson Hodgson, T. A. LIST OF MEMBERS. Knox-Brown Langley Lee, A. Lee, M. Levy, H. Levy, R. Lloyd, A. M. Lock, H. Lockhart Long Lynch-Staunton Maclean Macrae, F. May McLeod Medlicott Middleton. Morris Mortimer Mottram Mullings Murray, H. K Murray, M. ~ Murray : Neame 7 Nelson Newton Oliver Pery-Knox-Gore, A. SUMMER TERM, 1896. LIFE MEMBERS. Chamier Cleaver, A. Cohen Collins Crawford Curnick Dansey Davenport II Pery-Knox-Gore, W. Ponting . Popham Porteous, N. Reece, E. Reynolds, D. Richardson Rider Roberts, F. R. Rollo Russell Savill Selby Skinner Sington Sparrow, G. Taylor Torrie, T. Upton, H. Wallace Walter Walter Wells Wheatcroft, K. Wheeler White Wilcox. Wilson Wolff President: Tue Rev. R. DE C. LAFFAN. Secretary : C. I. GARDINER, Esa. Treasurer: W. M. Baker, Esq. Dennis Eldridge Fawkes Fraser, A. C. Fitzherbert, A. Francis, J. Halford, E. Handley 12 Hill Thomson Hood Hooper Jackson James Joseph Kemble Kershaw King, L. R. Knox-Brown Lambert, J. Langford-James Lanyon Lee, M. Levy, H. Levy, R. Lock, H. Bathurst Baines, C. T. Beach, G. Beazley, R. L. Birkett Birtwhistle, J. C. Biscoe Bramwell Brettell, V. Brierley, W. Capel- Davies Clarendon Clarke Coddington, H. H. Collett, L. G. Conran Congreve Cottrell Cresswell, C. S. Crookes Currie, M. Dixon Edge Fisher Fitzherbert, C. ORDINARY Lock, R. Maclean Marcan May Neame Noad Noel, C. Noel, E. Northall-Laurie Osborne Pery-Knox-Gore, A. Pery-Knox-Gore, W. Phillips Poé Poyser Ramsay Rawlins Rider Fitzherbert, E. Fort, L. - Fraser, G. F, Garratt Gray, A. J. Gray, A. M. H. Greer Griffith, R. C. Grose Hodson, H. Hodson, T A. Houghton Houston Johnson Lee, A. Lewer Lloyd, A. M. Lockhart Long Lynch-Staunton Macrae, F. McLeod Medlicott Morris Mullings MEMBERS. C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Rollo Russell Russell Selby Shelley Sington Talbot Thomson Turnbull Watson Wheatcroft, H. Whittaker Wild Williams, A. S. Williams, F. E. Williams, W. H. Williams Murray, H. K. Murray, M. Newton Oliver Porteous, N. Reynolds, A. O. P. Roberts, F. B. Savill Sington Skinner, J. Sparrow Stuart Suarez Thwaite Torrie, T. Turner Upton Vere Wallace Walter Wells Wheatcroft White Wilson Wolff LIST OF MEMBERS. 13 MICHAELMAS TERM, 1896. President : THE Rev. R. DE C. LAFFAN. Secretary: C. I. GARDINER, Esq. Treasurer: W. M. Baker, Esq. : LIFE MEMBERS. Adair Hood Noel, E. Baines, C. T. Hooper Northall-Laurie Black Houghton Osborne Bourne, E. Jackson Pery-Knox-Gore, A. Bowle-Evans James Pery-Knox-Gore, W. Carter Kershaw Phillips _ Chamier King, L. R. Rawlins Clarke Knox-Brown Rider Cleaver Lanyon Rollo Cohen, G. Lee, M. Russell _ Collins . Levy, H, Selby _ Crawford, A. Levy, R. Shelley — Curnick Little Spencer F F Dennis, R. H. Lock Thomson, D. A. _ Eldridge Maclean Thomson Fawkes Marcan Torrie, C. Fowler, E. G. May Torrie, T. : _ Fraser, A. C. Middleton Turnbull ~ Gooch Morris Watson ' Greer Mullings Williams, A. Neame Williams, F. E. Newton Williams, W. H. ‘ Noad Wilson - Hill-Thomson Noel, C. Woods ORDINARY MEMBERS. Conran Francis Copland Fraser Cottrell Garratt Beazley, R. L. Crookes Gray, A. Birl Currie Green Denne Grey, A. J. H. Dixon Grieve . Edge Griffith, R. C, dle Fisher Grose, F. Fitzherbert, C. Grose, W. Fitzherbert, E. Haldinstone Fort Hare 14 Harrison, A. Hart, A. Hawkins, A. Heath Hodson, A. Houston Johnson Johnstone Jordan Lathbury Lee, A. Lewer Lloyd, A. M. Lockhart Lynch-Staunton Mackie, T. Macrae Mansfield Martin, N. Medlicott C.C, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Middleton Moore, H. F. Moore Morris Morris, M. Murray, H. Murray, M. Nothmann Oliver Peal Penny Porteous Porter Reynolds Rickford Roberts, F. Samuelson Sanders, H. Sanders, J. Schnurmann, N. Simeon Sington Smith Soutry Stamp Stephens Stuart Suarez Tillard Thwaite Turner Upton Vere Wallace Walter Wells Wheatcroft White Wolff, A. ore C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 15 . LECTURES AND EXCURSIONS. : Feb. 7...Lecture on Coal Mines, by A. H. Macpona tp, Esq. 4 ...Lecture on Soap Bubbles, by T. Hvett, Esa. ...Lecture on Some Animals, Past and Present, by C. I. GARDINER, Esq. ...Lecture on Green Leaves, by H. MaTTHEws, Esq. ee Excursibn to Whitcombe. ...Excursion to Wainlode Cliff. ...Excursion to Pegglesworth. ...Excursion to Crickley Hill and Birdlip. ..Lecture on Glaciers, by J. R. WynnE-Epwarps, Esq. ...Lecture on Rock Builders, by E. WETHERED, Esa. F.G.S. ..Lecture on Argon and Helium, G. W. Heptey, Esa. ...Lecture on Cheltenham in the Olden Days, by A. S. Owen, Esa. ...Exhibition of Slides taken by the Photographic Section, 16 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. ADDITIONS TO THE MUSEUM, 96: Collection of Fossils, presented by the Rev. E. T. Griffiths, O.C. Two Cabinets containing Botanical Studies, presented by R. L. Shubrich, Esq., O.C. Two Eider Ducks shot at Whitcomb (in case), presented by F. J. Cade, Esq., O.C. Musical Instruments from West African Coast and a Mohammedan Prayer Book, presented by Captain Troughton, O.C. Coat and Uniform of Cheltenham College Cadet Rifle Corps, presented by Captain A. Crawford, O.C. REPORTS FROM SECTIONS. 17 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SECTION. _—_—_——_ President - - - A. S. Owen, Esq. Members : T. H. K. Adkin. A. M. H. Gray. A. T. Houghton. : . J. M. Balfour. St. G. J. Heath. G. R. Murray. r G. Beach, liv Thursday, June 4th 1896, a small party walked S| to Southam de la Bere, which is at present tenant- less, and went round that historic mansion, some parts of which date from the time of the Plantagenets. There is much to see, not only in the picturesque architecture of the building, but in the fine paintings = and treasures gathered from every land, with which the building is stored. When full justice had been done to the interest of the house, our geological friends went off to investigate a neighbouring quarry, while the archzologists pro- ceeded to the adjoining village, and inspected the two ancient - farmhouses—one of which contains a phenomenally large stone cider press—and the old Norman chapel, restored as a parish church by the late Lord Ellenborough. After tea the party _ returned to Cheltenham. ; In several of the general expeditions there were objects of - interest for those who cared for archeology. At Birdlip the old - Roman bath with its hypocaust was viewed. In the expedition to the Severn the day was too hot to induce many to cover the extra three miles necessary to visit Deerhurst with its two old Saxon churches dating from before the Conquest ; on a subsequent _ expedition the scanty remains of the old camp on Crickley Hill were examined. A prize will be given to members of the Archzological Section for the best set of photographs or sketches illustrating the Church Architecture within seven miles of Cheltenham. They must be _ arranged chronologically according to the different styles of archi- tecture, and must reach the President of the Section by the last day of the Summer Term. 18 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. BOTANICAL SECTION. SENIOR, President - - - - J. R. Wynne-Epwarps, Esq. Secretary - - - - C. H.C. Noap. JUNIOR. President - - - - F. J, Capes, Esa. Working Members. C. I. Gardiner, Esq. A. H. Macdonald, Esq. G. W. Hedley, Esq. Senior. H. A. G. Chamier, Ch. M..M. L; Game, C M. W. B. Oliver, O. L. G. Collett, Conia R. C. Griffith, G. C. T. S. Wallace. F. L. Congreve, Cn. T. A. Hodson, lets C. G. Weld. T. H. J. Crookes, Cr. C. P. James, J Funior. Marklove. . 9. F. Pruen, Pr. R. L. Burge. (Gs C. Mitchell-Dawson, = R. OF Ryans eR: M J. i. 0. butt; B. H. S. Gollett, Co. 2 A. S. Dugdale, D. G. H. de C. Falle, F, A : C. E. Stranack, St. T. W. R. Griffin, Gr. C. A. G. Moore, Mo. H.C. Whittuck, W. C. T. H. Handley. YT. , Pearce IE G. W. H. King, K. C. T. C. Plowden, Pl. [The initials after the names refer to the list of records. ] M.-D. H. Nestor Schnurmann. arsden, M.1_ T.M. Salter, Ss SENIOR DEPARTMENT. THE season’s work in this section has been most successful. The prize for the greatest number of plants in flower was shared by Hodson and Currie, who accomplished the remarkable feat of beating the previous record by over too. The following are the general results of the competition :— ‘{ Hodson .. 360 (exclusive of sedges, grasses and ferns). Currie San 55 7 ;, A. aC James Area Wy 3 ORVER SN) se 134 Gollett .....' 10g Griffith .. 52 REPORTS FROM SECTIONS. 19 Weld os } 51 Crookes Congreve .. 50 Wallace .. 42 Chamier .. 37 A record of first flowerings has also been kept, the results of which we publish ; it is perhaps the best test of keenness of work, and here we were closely rivalled, if not actually beaten, by the junior section. The usual three sectional excursions were increased to four this year, and they all proved very successful, in every case being favoured by good weather.. On Saturday, May 30th, we drove to Whitcombe Magna and walked through the woods to Birdlip. Among the finds were _ Ophrys muscifera (Fly Orchid), Pyrus aria (Beam Tree), Cephalan- _ thera grandiflora (White Helleborine), Neottia nidus-avis (Bird’s- nest Orchid), Atropa Bella-donna (Deadly Nightshade), Cyno- _ glossum vulgare (Hound’s-tongue. ) On Saturday, June 13th, we drove to Wainlode Cliff, and thence walked along the old canal to the Severn at Wainlode Hill. _ This was a new excursion, and it proved most interesting; the canal is one of the best places for marsh plants in the whole - district, and in previous years fellows who did not belong to the boat club have had no opportunity of getting to the river. The following were found :—Thalictrum ftavuam (Meadow Rue), ‘Scutellaria galericulata (Scull-cap), Oenanthe fistulosa (Water _ Dropwort), Nasturtium amphibium (Great Watercress), Geranium _ pratense (Meadow Cranesbill), Sagittaria sagittifolia (Arrow head.) 4 On Saturday, June 27th, we drove to Pegglesworth, and walked through the woods to the Hilcot fish-breeding ponds, returning by Colesbourne. The following were found : Epilobium angustifolium (Rose-bag Willow Herb), Verbascum nigrum (Black Mullein), Mimulus luteus (Monkey Flower). On Thursday, July 16th, there was an excursion to Crickley Hill and Birdlip, which was mainly intended for geologists. Among Carlina vulgaris (Carline Thistle), and Ranunculus flammula (Lesser Spearwort.) ‘ ¥ a 20 List of first flowerings : Latin Name. Clematis Vitalba Anemone Nemorosa Ranunculus Aquatilis 5p Flammula - Ficaria a3 Sceleratus . Auricomus aN Acris “ Repens An Bulbosus os Arvensis ss Hederaceus Thalictrum Flavum Helleborus Viridis Caltha Palustris Aquilegia Vulgaris Nuphar Lutea Papaver Rhoeas >» Dubium Argemone Chelidonium Majus Fumaria Officinalis Corydalis Lutea Barbarea Vulgaris Nasturtium Officinale om Palustre 43 Amphibium Arabis Hirsuta Cardamine Pratensis os Hirsuta Hesperis Matronalis Sisymbrium Officinale Alliaria Officinalis Erysimum Cheiranthoides .. brassica Muralis 5, Oleracea », | Campestris »» Sinapistrum » Nigra Cochlearia Armoracia Draba Verna Thlaspi Arvense Capsella Bursa-pastoris Lepidium Campestre * Draba op Smithii c.c. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, English Name. Date. Record. Traveller’s Joy . June 30.. Gr, Wood Anemone .«. Mat.25 005 bic. Water Crowfoot . April23.. H, C. Spearwort .» June 29.. Gr. Celandine s. Mars 82. Ch. Scelery-leavedCrowfoot.. May 24.. C. Goldilocks .. April 127.6. . May. 4.« Pr. Common Buttercup . Mar. 12.. 5: Jo) Mar:oi2eeos Corn Buttercup J, May iV. Water Crowfoot . April 23.. H, C. Meadow Rue . June 13. H,C. Green Hellebore . May 24.. Gr. Marsh Marigold #'. . Mane22nmudie Columbine ». May 29 2H. Yellow Water Lily ,. June 20.. K, B, Gr, Co. Field Poppy . May 12.. Gr. [2, We Long-headed Poppy . May 17.. C. Pale a: wo May “240.0 Hde Common Celandine «.. April 24.. H, G ay Fumitory . April 24.- Lp IAL Onea, Yellow ‘f .. May 17.. Gr. Yellow Rocket . May 10.5 Be Common Water Cress .. May 14.. Gr. Marsh oc .. June 13.. J, H, C,0 Great i .. June 20.. K, B, Gr, F, Hairy Rock Cress . May 1.. C. [Co.2, W Cuckoo Flower w« Man.222 cele Hairy Bitter Cress . Mar. 822"G. Dame’s Violet He PL Yellow Hedge Mustard.. May 3.. Cr. Garlic Mustard .«. Mar. 26... Er, Treacle Mustard . july fees Wall Brassica s. Mar. 1622020 Cabbage «+ May 20s eite Field Brassica . May 11.. Gr. Charlock .. May? 16.656. [ Black Mustard .. June 20.. K, B, Co. Horse Radish . May ro.. G. Whitlow Grass . Mar. t9.. Pr, S, St, Penny Cress 2) June VSaGr Shepherd’s Purse . Bebs) 23) ghle Common Pepperwort .. May 1.. C. Hoary Cress “ss May? 19iroens Smith’s ,, .. May 10.. G. Latin Name. ___ Senebiera Coronopus as Didyma Iberis Amara __ Isatis Tinctoria Reseda Luteola i);, Lutea Helianthemum Vulgare Viola Odorata », Hirta » Canina » Tricolor Polygala Vugaris Silene Inflata __Lychnis Vespertina in Diurna BS Githago a Flos-cuculi _ Sagina Procumbens » Nodosa Arenaria Serpyllifolia >» Trinervis Cerastium Vulgatum ‘Stellaria Aquatica »» Media » Uliginosa >», Graminea 5, Holostea _ Hypericum Perforatum es Catharticum _Malva Rotundifolia » sylvestris >, Moschata ia Europea Geranium Pratense E Robertianum Molle oo REPORTS FROM SECTIONS. 3 Dubium - 5S eerie trealiccn a Humifusum s Hirsutum x Aquifolium oe lonymus Europaeus . Ulex Europaeus a 21 Linglish Name. Date. Record. Wart Cress . June 18.. Gr. Lesser ,, . May 13.. C. Candytuft . June 27.. Gr. Woad .. July 14.. Gr, H.C. Dyer’s Weed .. May 24.. H. Cut Leaved Mignonette.. May 17.. Gr. Rock Rose .. May 17.. Gr. Sweet Violet . Mar. 19.. Pl. Hairy ,, .. Mar. 27.. C. Dog ” .. Mar. 15.. Ch, O Pansy .» April13.. C. Milkwort .. May to.. H. Bladder Campion . May 24.. Gr. White no . May §8.. Gr. Red a 44, April 23... ° HC Corn Cockle ee une 27. EL. Ragged Robin ne) May! 22), 2f- Procumbent Pealwort .. May 5.. Pr. Knotted 35 . July 18.. H. Thyme-leaved Sentient May 23.. H. Three-nerved oo . April 18.. C. Mouse-ear Chickweed .. Mar. 22.. H, C. Water Starwort vs, June 13.6: J, HH. Chickweed -0 Web. 23.4) Ch; C;,H Bog Starwort . May 28.. Gr. Lesser ,, .. May 24.. C. Common Starwort . April 5.. Ch. Common St. John’s Wort June 13.. J, H. Imperforate ,, aa etl 2 4tere) ed Square-stalked ,, se july 14.. Hy Trailing 33 * ae CLG: Hairy ie », June 20.. B, Gr. Purging Flax . May 17.. H. Dwarf Mallow weiner agn Gre Common ,, . May 31.. C, Gr. Musk 33 . June 27.. H. Lime Br .. June 18.. C. Meadow Cranesbill .. May 24.. Pr. Herb-Robert . April 28.. H.C Dove’s-foot Cranesbill .. May 3.. O. Jagged i .. May 24.. H, B, Gr Wood Sorrel Miata 25 steals Maple .. April 30.. C. Sycamore na Zeileying K Gr, Horse Chestnut Epil 27h Oa Holly ve Maye TOs. Ele Spindle Tree .. May 21.. Gr. Gorse . Feb. 23.. H. 22 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Latin Name. Genista Tinctoria Cytisus Scoparius Ononis Arvensis Medicago Sativa Melilotus Officinalis Trifolium Arvense as Pratense = Repens < Procumbens PA Minus Lotus Corniculatus Anthyllis Vulneraria Hippocrepis Comosa Onobrychis Sativa Vicia Hirsuta 95 Cracca » Sylvatica » Sepium 5) atlva Lathyrus Pratensis *5 Macrorrhizus Prunus Communis >» Cerasus >> Padus Spiraea Ulmaria > Filipendula Geum Urbanum Rubus Idaeus », Fruticosus », Caesius », Corylifolius Fragaria Vesca Potentilla Fragariastrum He Reptans e Tormentilla os Anserina Achemilla Vulgaris Sanguisorba Officinalis Poterium Sanguisorba Agrimonia Eupatoria Rosa Canina 5, Arvensis Pyrus Communis >» Malus », Aucuparia estat Crataegus Oxyacantha Epilobium Angustifohium .. English Name. Date. Dyer’s Greenweed - June 14.. Broom ~~ Apri. Rest Harrow Se tlee Zteis = Lucern - July 14°. Melilot = JUNEZOF3 Hare’s Foot Trefoil > July 2a Purple Clover oe Miva aie Dutch By - May 173. Hop Trefoil pp fibers ch Lesser ,, . April 3o.. Birds’ Foot Trefoil . May 6.. Kidney Vetch «> Mayer. Horse-shoe Vetch . May 17.. Sainfoin = . May 20.. Hairy Hy .. May 24.. Tufted 5 - June 135. Wood +8 . May 30.. Bush cs .. April2o.. Common =D . May Io.. Yellow ” -« May Sina Tuberous Bitter Vetch .. April2o.. Blackthorn oo) Marzo Cherry .. Aprili2.. Bird Cherry - May 18.. Meadow Sweet . June 13... Dropwort =) De 2a Wood Avens . April 17.. Raspberry : . May It.. Common Blackberry . May 17.. Dewberry 2. July. <3 Hazel-leaved ,, . June 30.. True Strawberry . April 23.. Barren oa . Mar. 8. Creeping Cinquefoil .. May 17.. Tormentil 3 May?” 3 Silverweed “oe layat igs Lady’s Mantle . June*ise. Great Burnet as “/ Salad Burnet ~ May 17s. Agrimony - june)2rs. Dog Rose - May 24. Trailing Rose - June 14.. Pear ate ate Apple on CLPHLTOe . Mountain Ash . May 17.. Beam Tree as May 2205 Hawthorn we, Marae Rose-bay Willow Herb.. June 24.. Record. agian oP gers No Bin Ona 2 ars a] . 6 iG Po Gr. Grrc; Latin Name. Epilobium Hirsutum » , Parviflorum =3 Montanum _ Circaea Lutetiana Oenothera Biennis Lythrum Salicaria Bryonia Dioica Sedum Acre », Rupestre _ Ribes Grossularia _ > Rubrum Saxifraga Granulata Chrysosplenium Opposifoli’m BA Alternifoli’m Sanicula Europea Apium Graveolens » Nodiflorum Aegopodium Podagraria Petroselinum Sativa Pimpinella Saxifraga Oenanthe Fistulosa _ Silaus Pratensis Aethusa Cynapium Pastinaca Sativa Heracleum Spondylium Scandix Pecten-veneris Bunium Flexuosum — Daucus Carrota ~ Conium Maculatum Viscum Album _ Cornus Sanguinea _ Adoxa Moschatellina Sambucus Nigra _ Viburnum Lantana a Opulus Lonicera Periclymenum Galium Cruciatum >» Werum >» Palustre >, Wliginosum ps) joaxatile 3 Mollugo 5, Aparine_ _Asperula Odorata 4, Cynanchica ‘Valeriana Officinalis op Dioica - _ Chaerophyllum Sylvestre .. REPORTS FROM SECTIONS. 23 Engtish Name. Date. Record. Hairy Willow Herb ~ sume 20°. Co: 2. Small-flowered ,, . June'22.. H, C. Common An me May 24h er. Euchanter’s Nightshade.. June 14. Gr. Evening Primrose i [ee ie a OS Purple Loosestrife a aly tones OF Bryony . May 14.. Gr. Biting Stonecrop pune hse Gr Rock es pune. 28...) by Ge Gooseberry pean sOe eed Ge Red Currant Sy ea tos ath) ie iia Meadow Saxifrage sae Way 8 4t.) ase: Golden An ear. 252 i]s “3 ny fe JURE TO. Fro. Wood Sanicle =<) Apral2g 2. “Fd, \G. Celery a july r4 eet, (C. "Gr. Procumbent Celery Spb [iliey ASIN pte RCAF Goutweed . May 23.. M. [Gr. Parsley eel OLY 2A ia. std Burnt Saxifrage . May 24.. Gr. Water Dropwort 5 A iteatey ae ore! Pals Pepper Saxifrage Se ue 27% iy bts es COLE. Fool’s Parsley . May 24.. H. Parsnip SHE 204, bs Gre Cow Parsnip sei May /1On., EA. Shepherd’s Needle . May 1g.. Gr. Earth Nut ca May 12. Gr. Wild Chervil meaner Se Nas Chea Gr +» Carrot «» June 13... Gr. Hemlock Bejiiae 13 ve au. Mistletoe HED. 20s a Uke Oe .- Dogwood .. May 28.. B. -» Moschatel = 6) JsNereth apes (Ce Elder oe Mayo ros! Ji Wayfaring Tree . April 28.. H, C. Guelder Rose = May.) 20] Honeysuckle . May 24.. B. Cresswort . April26.. C. .. Yellow Bedstraw Pune 0s std -.» Marsh na wie, une) 23. EL, Con 2s Ne Bog “ . June 20.. K, B, Gr, Co. Rock a S yume zoe. 44,, Gs Great Hedge ,, vay st. (Gr. enw: Cleavers . May 17.. Pr,Pl,Gr,Co. Woodruff . April24.. H. Squinancy wort aapune’t7.. “bis © Great Valerian REM UMe, 2Oc6, Cars -» Marsh a om veay 22.) Gr. 24 Latin Name Sherardia Arvensis Dipsacus Pilosus 5» Sylvestris ” ” Scabiosa Succisa Columbaria ts Arvensis are Eupatorium Cannabinum .. Tussilago Farfara “A Petasites Gnaphalium Gallicum Inula Dysenterica » Coniza » Pulicaria Bellis Perennis Chrysanthemum Leucanthe- mum.. 5 Inodorum Matricaria Chamomilla Anthemis Cotula Achillea Millefolium Ae Ptarmica Tanacetum Vulgare Artemesia Vulgaris Senecio ” ” Sylvaticus ~ Erucifolius Aquaticus Jacobaea Arctium Lappa Carduus Nutans + Acanthoides Lanceolatus Palustris Arvensis Pratensis Acaulis oF Eriophorus Carlina Vulgaris Centaurea Nigra 3 Scabiosa Tragopedon Pratensis Picris Hieracioides Leontodon Hispidus Hypochaeris Radicata Lactuca Muralis Sonchus Arvensis y Oleraceus English Name. Date. Record. Field Madder ~» May 22.. Mo,Co. 2 Small Teasel .» July 22.. FRE: Common ,, .. July 18.. F.R.W.E. ~ A .s July 25... Tye. Devil’s-bit Scabious ~« june 27 7 Gre Small “3 . June 8.. Gr. Field FA . June 20.. Gr. Hemp Agrimony . July TL. oe Colts’ Foot . Feb. 23% <.G. Butterbur .. April14.. H, C. Narrow Cudweed . July 19.. M.-D, Gr. Fleabane ve. July 24) oe Ploughman’s Spikenard.. July 16.. H,C. Small Fleabane os July TOs. tag. Daisy « Heb: 225 ene Dog Daisy «. May 16.. Be Feverfew . Feb. 22%, Ene. Camomile « June. 18.0 Gr Stinking Mayweed . May 17)..5B. Yarrow . Mar.,270. ee Sneezewort a JUlyy 25 cg ee Tansy se july” SG. Mugwort va. LLY ZAI ed Groundsel vo DED 22a eae Wood Groundsel . july 24... Gr Narrow-leaved Ragwort.. June 24.. Gr. Marsh =n « June. 2075 BG Common Panne tielsarsr ieee Vela Gio Burdock » July 1675 ere. Musk Thistle ve June (Sa.iGr. Welted ,, vo July Sir petear ee Spear 7 july “Sasaigmen Marsh ,, .. May 24... Pr wGr. Creeping ,, ws July Steals Meadow ,, oes Uly eS Dwarf ,, oe ime 20) ante Woolly ,, ae July $24) Gre Carline ,, - June 30.. Gr Black Knapweed - May 21. oGa2B Seabious ,, ce June vr 5 aan Goat’s Beard .. May 17.. €, €o.2-B. Hawkweed Picris oe) july, 24) eel Hawkbit .. May 17.. Pl, M-D. Cat’s Ear 2 Mayers ee Wall Lettuce oop JUNE) 27), lanes Corn Sow Thistle sel tly Reb eee Common ,, ae) May: Aventbie C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Latin Name Taraxacum Dens-leonis Crepis Virens », Biennis 4, + ‘Taraxacifolia _ Hieracium Pilosella eA Murorum _ Lapsana Communis Campanula Glomerata _ Monotropa Hypopitys _ Primula Veris a Vulgaris Lysimachia ,, PA Nemorum 5 Nummularia Anagallis Arvensis _ Fraxinus Excelsior - Ligustrum Vulgare Vinca Major » Minor _ Erythraea Centaurium oides Chlora Perfoliata ~ Convolvulus Arvensis . Sepium _ Echium Vulgare _ Myosotis Palustris a's, Arvensis a Collina Ay Versicolor Sylvatica 4 Repens ee on. Officinale rH eescyamus Niger ” Nigrum f tropa Belladonna REPORTS FROM SECTIONS. . _ Limnanthemum Nymphae- f Trachelium a4 Rapunculoides.. a5 Rotundifolia 25 English Name. Date. Record. Dandelion pee HED neaem el Common Crepis . May 17.. Gr. Rough 7 + May 222, M,\Co.-2. Beaked 7 eo Maye ain nthe [M.-D. Mouse-ear Hawkweed .. May 17.. H, Pr, Pl, Gr, Wall o . May 22.. Mo, Co.2. Nipplewort Piya Libel oymey el Clustered Bell Flower .. June 24.. Gr. Nettle-leaved ,, we) June 287.) ba, GC. Creeping ee s euly 1. dd, C. Harebell . June 30.. Gr. Bird’s Nest wi umes25).,. Gr: Cowslip ~Mar,-30).. Tc Primrose 3 2 Mari 30... (br: Yellow Loosestrife = July? 79... JO Moneywort .» May 20.. Gr. Creeping Jenny a july 9: J, O Scarlet Pimpernel . May 28.. Gr. Ash .. May 16.. Privet . May 28.. B. Greater Periwinkle . May 17.. Pr. Lesser An de SHEDS 235.5, Jel. Centaury . June 30.. Gr. ey: Ones > Yellowwort . June 20.. Gr. Small Bird Weed . May 30.. B, Gr. Great a . June 20.. Gr, W. Viper’s Bugloss . June 8.. Gr. True Forget-me-not . May 30.. J, H, C, O Field a .» April28.. C. Early Ns .. May to.. H. Changing ,, Aa privet s eR (GS Wood op way Maiy, = (9}.cco0 Els Creeping ,, .. May 17.. D. Comfrey - May Io.. G. Borage . July 20.. Gr. Hound’s-tongue . June 6.. H. Henbane +. June 20., Gr. Bitter Sweet .. May 20.. Gr, C. Black Nightshade . June 23.. Gr. Deadly Nightshade . May 30.. J, O, H, Co Toothwort men Widiis soi. a) Chey) = Conn Great Broomrape Se sae Oye sl Common Mullein oy UME S27...) ig Ceuta hE. Black PS sjune 27... [, (CnsrienGo. Yellow Toad Flax . June 20., B, Gr, W, C Lesser = -. June 20.. B,C. 26 _ Latin Name. Linaria Cymballaria BA Spuria Scrophularia Nodosa ne Aquatica Mimulus Luteus Digitalis Purpurea Veronica Serpyllifolia re Officinalis At Anagallis an Beccabunga as Montana £ Chamaedrys os Hederaefolia As Agrestis as Buxbaumii Arvensis earesta Odontites Euphrasia Officinalis Rhinanthus Cristi-galli Pedicularis Palustris of Sylvatica Melampyrum Pratense Mentha Aquatica 5 Sativa ss Arvensis Thymus Serpyllum Origanum Vulgare Calamintha Acinos a Clinopodium .. > Officinalis Nepeta Glechoma Prunella Vulgaris Scutellaria Galericulata Stachys Betonica an Sylvatica “ Palustris 9 Arvensis Galeopsis Ladanum Ballota Nigra Lamium Purpureum a Album a Maculatum is Galeobdolon » Amplexicaule “p Incisum Teucrium Scorodonia Ajuga Reptans Plantago Major English Name. Date. Ivy-leaved Toad Flax .. Mar. 31.. Round ,, 4 cw Uy eyes Knotted Figwort =) May oi7ie Marsh op . June 14.. Monkey Flower > June! 27 cr Foxglove +) july eran Thyme-leaved Spdedwell May 7.. Common SH Bot itineetin es: Water oo) ss Ie oiete Brooklime sy ale LCV eG ere Mountain “5 . May 6.. Germander oF tee ADELZOTs Ivy-leaved aj) ene LLY Oey Procumbent sn Rebe2aen Buxbaum’s mas) ted ALAR Op tenes Wall oa . April 26.. Red Bartsia « July: 163. Eye-bright « Une =27 6 Yellow Rattle -. May 17.. Marsh Lousewort . May 16.. Common ,, 2. -Apmliazie Cow Wheat .. May 30.. Water Mint > July axo% Whorled ,, > July e257 Corn A - July to.. Thyme «» Jtme 1 Gis Marjoram . July 16.. Basil Thyme . June 20.. Wild Basil Common Calamint .. June 28.. Ground Ivy . Mar. 29.. Self Heal = jJune=zo., Scull Cap . June 13.. Betony -» June 9Q.. Hedge Woundwort . May 31.. Marsh os se JUNE) 2On. Corn A oa) JULY, Gare Hemp Nettle @) July one Black Horehound ~» June 14s. Red Dead Nettle » Bebs 24 is White ce . Feb. 25.. Spotted ,, oo (Maye iyiete Yellow 25, . April 18.. Henbit ays «e May 13) Small 4 . May 31.. Wood Germander .. June 28.. Bugle wa, ApElzanis Great Plantain C.c. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, . May 1Siic Record. eutie. . QORPONORS TORO G PmEE ae Se oi Gist "Ba ° ie) REPORTS FROM SECTIONS. 27 _ Latin Name. English Name. Date. Record, Plantago Media Hoary Plantain . May 24.. Gr. . ii Lanceolata Ribwort ,, . Aprilig.. C. _ ChenopodiumBonus-henricus Good King Henry . July 19.. Gr. aS Urbicum Upright Goosefoot . June 29.. H, C. e Murale Nettle-leaved ,, . June 18.. Gr. * Album White a Sy UNE WE Ae. Atriplex Patula Orache .° July 27.. Gr. Rumex Acetosa Common Sorrel . May 17.. C. », Acetosella Sheep’s 45 .. May to.. H. » Obtusifolius Common Dock . May 20.. Gr. s Crispus Carled A: June 27.. Co. Polygonum Aviculare Knot Grass . June 21.. B,C, Gr 3 Convolvulus Black Bindweed cide fel hifater: iekiel Oe 3 Amphibium Amphibious ‘Bistort . June 20.. B, Gr. F, W. : Bs - Persicaria Persicaria . June 6.. H. 33 Lapathafolium Pale Bistort . June 30.. C. _ Euphorbia Helioscopia Sun Spurge . Feb. 29.. H,C ; >» Peplus — Petty ,, . Feb. 23.. H. es Exigua Pah) Shere te . June 27.. Gr. SS Amygdaloides .. Wood ,, . Apriliz.. H. 55 Platyphyllos Broad _ ,, vee Jaume 27)... Ell ni Lathyris Caper ,, . May 30.. H. _ Mercurialis Perennis Dog’s Mercury .- Feb. 29.. C. _ Urtica Urens Small Nettle pee Mar 22%, EGC. =, Dioca Common ,, . May 16.. Gr. Parietaria Officinalis Pellitory-of-the- Wall . July 8.. J. O. _ Humulus Lupulus Hop A : ~ Ulmus Campestris Common Elm .. Feb. 29.. H, C. 5, Montana Wych 55 .. Feb. 29.. H, G. _ Alnus Glutinosa .. Alder .. May 4.. K. Betula Alba Birch .. May 3.. J, O. - Carpinus Betulus Hornbeam Mar. 20)... Jy Cre _ Corylus Avellana Hazel Nut 20 Heb, 22.. Ch, Cr. _ Fagus Sylvatica Beech .. May 12.. H, C, Ch ~ Quercus Robur Oak .. April23.. Gr. _ Salix Capzera Sallow Willow . Mar. 22.. H, C. 4, Purpurea Purple’ ,, ae ws, Cb, Cy EL » Fragilis Crack Be .. Aprilr7.. ae Nigra Black Poplar A Wshalling (Gra OA ‘inus Sylvestris Scotch Fir . Mar. 19.. H, C. Taxus Baccata Yew ay Apblis easy iol ol ky Typha Latifolia Bulrush wijuly, 3... FW RE. parganum Ramosum Branched Bur-reed . July 19.. M.-D, B, Y, M.1,M.2, W. rum Maculatum Lords and Ladies .. April 26.. C. Potamogeton Natans Pondweed Raul yy etal Ean Ge Butomus Umbellatus .« Flowering Rush VefWly, 10). “Fernie. ‘Sagittaria Sagittifolia .. Arrowhead . June 13. A igl(C 28 : C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Latin Name. Alisma Plantago Triglochin Palustre Epipactis Latifolia Cephalanthera Grandiflora.. Listera Ovata Neottia Nidusavis Orchis Morio » Maculata $3 Latifolia », Pyramidalis » Conopsea Habenaria Bifolia Herminium Monorchis Ophrys Apifera A Muscifera Iris Pseudacorus Tamus Communis Paris Quadrifolia Polygonatum Officinale = Multiflorum .. Convallaria Majalis Scilla Nutans Ornithogalum iibelletun Allium Ursinum Juncus Communis » Articulatus Carex Praecox » Pendula Anthoxanthum Odoratum .. Phalaris Canaricus Phleum Pratense Alopecurus Pratensis +5 Geniculatus Avena Fatua Arrhenatherum Avenaceum Holcus Lanatus Hordeum Pratense Lolium Perenne Dactylis Glomerata Briza Media Poa Annua », Pratensis » Nemoralis » Fluitans Equisetum Palustre s Arvense Polypodium Vulgare Asplenium Tridactylites English Name. Water Plantain Arrowgrass Broad Helleborine Large x Twayblade Birds’-nest Orchid Green-winged ,, Spotted i Marsh 6 Pyramidal Fragrant ” Butterfly 5 Musk AA Bee ie Fly ” Yellow Flag Black Bryony Herb Paris Angular Solomon's Seal Common A Lily-of-the- Valley Date. Record. . June 20.. K, Gr, F, Co. ». july 1675 ghG1C- [2. . lumer27 0s . May 30.. H. os May (24.cy Gus . May 30.. Co. . May a1... He 7 May 25 cee . May 24.. Gt..- i. June 14). see . June 24.. Gr. . May 27 mee . June 14.. Ey. se JURE! 14 . May 30.. H Bel fbbeteee tedoc . May 22.. . Apriliz2e. iB Gr c May 12.. Pr. Gr Gr a. May in. Wild Hyacinth - Mar. 285, bene Star of Bethlehem . May 30.. Gr. Garlic . April. Ee Common Rush . June 13) Jointed 5 . May 30.. H,'C. Early Sedge Mar. 29;,) Sa | Pendulous Sedge Hy GC. Vernal Grass ao Misy Tn rariale j Canary “, « July o1gs.) Eageee : Timothy ,, +» June. 18)... Elomenmeo. te Meadow Foxtail Grass .. May 1o.. H. 7 Marsh ” . May 3035 ELe . Wild Oat .» June 27.. H. . False ,, oo JUNE “Semin Common Holaus > June. 977.. .Geax : Meadow Barley «s July 24 cet ; Darnel : May 30.) ie Cock’s-foot Grass « June oe. Quaking oe os June 3. 67a. Common MeadowGrass.. Mar. 8.. C. Smooth 1 a3 ven JUDE S Sane eee Wood ae 3, »» May 30.. Ee Floating ,, sy 2.0 4 [ULYS TA. e een Marsh Horse-tail > Mayi2g le Field ‘A we Aprils.) Ca Common Palypody ) Apr 2s Ge Wall Rue or Mar. 20) js celgiGe | REPORTS FROM SECTIONS. 29 JuNIOR DEPARTMENT. In the Junior Department there were many collectors, and the prize fell to T. Griffin, who did excellent work, obtaining 291 specimens, of which 187 were records. Sedges, grasses and ferns were not accepted. Butt was second with 156, and Collett third. The result of the competition was as follows :— Griffin Ae ae Zor Plowden Ae SE as! Butt “f SO Marsden, S. ne en OS Collett Se ie S22 Moore, C. W. oe .- 64 Falle se Sap PLLA Young, G. A. W. .. ay PR Whittuck Sa 352) 110 Ramet. 5 0! AG Pruen ae hur 90 Reynolds a oe AL Pearce a Set OL Handley ae ASME Mitchell-Dawson ey @ Marsden, A. 4 Ares On July 18th an expedition was made by train to Chedworth, whence we walked to the Roman Villa, and thence to Foss Bridge, _ where we had tea, returning by the valley to Chedworth. Among the specimens found were Epilobium Parviflorum (which grows by the stream on Foss Bridge), Antennaria Dioica, Campanula Trachelium, Verbascum Nigrum (always a denizen of Chedworth), Origanum Vulgare, and Zysimachia Vulgaris, which covers the _ Chedworth woods with a golden carpet. Latin Name. Vin elish Name. Date. Record. Scolopendrium Vulgare .. Hart’s Tongue nopjimes 27 non Hs ©. Conn. Pteris Aquilina .. Bracken ae Maye so. " are wooY yleq jo asouspuajzuradns 10y Suryy SS“ 0 o12z see eee Cota Jod) wmosnyqy ul syonq 10J aseQ GOGT af es . apopure ‘qn [ o £ o * vuontpadxg qumooigA, 02 JueID ‘oun[ o 6 ft ves wooy : yreq jo suepusajuradns 103 Suryy a: (Onc OT='O\ =" “a soinjoa'T IO Sury 2B Beale. Oo 8" WOOY AAC 10} samo, ‘yorep ‘Ss A ° t ‘ANUNOG “YW ‘WV ‘zNqrQuadxD ‘AIANSOIAT, “UOZT © 0000 0 09 ae) ‘IaIvG ‘WM ar sy S| Os= ak ax bo (HE). Ge eamooy ater glib ov (‘OTD ) way seurxX 10J suonduosqns ok Cyr Hy)“ z ICO S EGL gt £ * (T'S “) waz towns 10; suotjdiosqng o + (CWHW) 6“ wooy yx7ed o § « (*'T'¢d zed) way, JusT 10} suondisosqns (cam oft amc ulojue'y oj [louno0D Woy zueID ea 2 aca G6gr woy puvy ur sourjeg "S 2 i — a a Rn, nae fe ? ‘ fy ¢ a _« a ae ceeeeerse | eke reese) . F “a 2 ~ OH 7 , 1a ata _ = ms at 4 ra ‘ f : ne? henge “9 Ep fe: Lig ; ‘ . Pe a 7. dh Soc = U int : -_ a yk oe a 7 -_ See i - ae “CHELTENHAM COLLEGE atural History Society. REPORT PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE‘ YEAR +139 7% Sumptibus Editorum Cheltontensium. CHELTENHAM: | & DARTER’S COLLEGE BOOK AND STATIONERY DEPOT, NORTHWICK TERRACE. CHELTENHAM : THOMAS HAILING, OXFORD PRINTING WORKS. 1898. CONTENTS. PAGE. ce 4 Bein cil 1897 5 6 st of Members 8 ures and Excursions 13 dditions to the Museum 14 Reports of Sections : bs (1) Archeological Section 15 (2) Botanical Section 17 (3) Entomological Section 30 j (4) Geological Section 31 (5) Ornithological Section __ ... be Pie # 6) Photographic Section Gee es ~ Alba .. Cultivated Mustard « July 2aamwe » Sinapistrum .. Charlock .. May 23.. G; T. e Nigra .. Black Mustard Cochlearia Armoracia .. Horse Radish .. May 16.. B. Draba Verna .. -Whitlow Grass a». Heb. (20.0) Jie Thlaspi Arvense .. Penny Cress .. June 32.2 1B. Capsella Bursa-pastoris .. Shepherd's Purse -- Heb 22acmuuse Lepidium Campestre -- Common Pepperwort .. May 16.. B. o Draba .. Hoary Cress .. May 23.. Cs, Pg, Ph. - Smithii -. smith’s ;, Senebiera Coronopus .. Wart Cress 6 June SG.aen. 3 Didyma .. Lesser ,, Iberis Amara .. Candytuft Isatis Tinctoria .. Woad oo, PUY, aie Gre Reseda Luteola .. Dyer’s Weed -. June 6) 3G. », Lutea .. Cut Leaved Mignonette.. June 29.. G. Helianthemum Vulgare .. Rock Rose .» May 22.. G, J, W. Viola Odorata .. Sweet Violet .. Feb. 28.. C, G. B. », Hirta ae LAL » Canina aOR 9 .. Mar. 10.. Cl. »» Tricolor .. Pansy .. Mar. 28.. G Polygala Vulgaris .. Milkwort .. May 20.. G. Silene Inflata .. Bladder Campion .. May 31.. B. Latin Name. i iychnis Vespertina : Diurna Githago Flos-cuculi q H) i Nodosa eS Arenaria Serpyllifolia rf Trinervis Three-nerved 5h Cerastium Vulgatum Mouse-ear Chickweed Arvense Field *F Stellaria Aquatica . Water Starwort Media Chickweed Uliginosa Bog Starwort Graminea Lesser ,, 5, Holostea .» Common Starwort E ppericum Perforatum Common St. John’sWort.. Dubium Imperforate ,, + Quadrangulum.. Square-stalked ,, ep Humifusum ..- Trailing eek s Pulchrum Slender rd ee Hirsutum Hairy Pn ey um Cartharticum Purging Flax I fa va Rotundifolia 9) Sylvestris 3, Moschata Geranium Pratense ea 3 Robertianum ee; Molle B35 Dissectum ae : Lucidum Pusillum Columbinum iim Cicutarium a Acetosella s Arvensis A Campestris : dicago Sativa BOTANICAL SECTION. English Name. White Campion Red 55 Corn Cockle Ragged Robin Knotted as Thyme-leaved Sandwort.. Dwarf Mallow Common ,, Musk 3 Lime 5 Meadow Cranesbill Herb-Robert Dove’s-foot Cranesbill Jagged ” Shining 5 Small-flower_ ,, Long-stalked ,, Common Storksbill Wood Sorrel Maple Sycamore Holly Spindle Tree Gorse Dyer’s Greenweed Broom . . Rest Harrow Spiny ;, Lucern Melilot Hare’s Foot Trefoil Date. . May .. April 24.. .. July . May Procumbent Pearlwort .. May June .. April . May . May . June . Jan. . June .. June . Mar. June .. June . July . July .. June . May . June .. June .. July . July .. June . May .. April .. May . May .. June .» July . April .. Mar. .. April .. April . May .. June .. Feb. . June . May . June . June 16.. Tis 12. 16.. 19.. 16.. WSs 17. Gis Des 12s: 6.. Al: 2B hts 18.. 22.. ce 2a. Dy ae 247. 12.. rites I2.. 27... Das 18.. 27.. 27 DAPADHOAV EOS 9 21 Record. garee iar] = o eB = ca QOPEgers ee ¥ & = » 29 ee 22 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Latin Name. Trifolium Incarnatum 3 Pratense aa Repens 4s Procumbens os Minus Lotus Corniculatus Anthyllis Vulneraria Hippocrepis Comosa Onobrychis Sativa Vicia Tetrasperma » Hirsuta », Cracca » Sylvatica »» Sepium », Sativa Lathyrus Pratensis »» Sylvestris »» Macrorrhizus Prunus Communis 55 Cerasus a Padus Spiraea Ulmaria Hy Filipendula Geum Urbanum Rubus Idaeus +> Fruticosus >» Caesius », Corylifolius Fragaria Vesca Potentilla Fragariastrum =p Reptans nb Tormentilla 5 Anserina Alchemilla Vulgaris Sanguisorba Officinalis Poterium Sanguisorba Agrimonia Eupatoria Rosa Canina », Arvensis Pyrus Communis » Malus s, Aucuparia 99 ea Crataegus Oxyacantha Epilobium Angustifolium .. a Hirsutum English Name. Crimson Clover Purple es Dutch 5 Hop Trefoil Lesser ,, Bird’s Foot Trefoil Kidney Vetch Horse-shoe Vetch Sainfoin Slender Vetch Hairy + Tufted “c Wood ap Bush nA Common ,, Yellow ,, Everlasting Vetch Tuberous Bitter Vetch Blackthorn Cherry Bird Cherry Meadow Sweet Dropwort Wood Avens Raspberry Common Blackberry Dewberry Hazel-leaved Blackberry. . True Strawberry Barren = Creeping Cinquefoil Tormentil Silverweed Lady’s Mantle Great Burnet Salad Burnet Agrimony Dog Rose Trailing Rose Pear Apple Mountain Ash Beam Tree Hawthorn Rose-bay Willow Herb .. Hairy ” ” Date. =) July Gwe aon May eae .. May 23.. Piel eho =) tly. bs .. May 9g.. . May 16.. . Une Roa . June 6.. .. May 20.. a) URE nose « July Saw . June I5.. . June 19.. . May 9Q.. . May 8. ». May gr. - July 6.. . Mar. 30.. -. June 13: - july gee . May 3.. .. May 23.. - Junetesa. . May 28.. May 30.. . Marie. « Bebwiz7e. . June 15.. .. May 13.. . May 16.. . May It. .. June 17. . May 13.. Gt . Ba. . Cs, B, Wa. AWAMESEP RANA Lae} ~ = ry a a a (Cae 5 Gass BON . G. . y" f aw r) ie mi N 9 Ba. G. Latin Name. » Montanum he 3 Tetragonum Circaea Lutetiana >», Album 4, Acre », Rupestre ‘ibes Grossularia 4, Rubrum ae xifraga Granulata id Tridactylites Apium Graveolens vs ; Nodiflornm Silaus Pratensis usa Cynapium stinaca Sativa eracleum Spondylium dix Pecten-veneris nus Sanguinea xa Moschatellina eta Opulus Verum oe Palustre ‘ i: - Uliginosum ae BOTANICAL SECTION. English Name. Small-flowered Herb Common AP Square Willow ,, Enchanter’s Nightshade. . Evening Primrose Purple Loosestrife Bryony Rose-root Stonecrop White an Biting Ay Rock Ee Gooseberry Red Currant Meadow Saxifrage Red-leaved ,, Golden a ” ” Wood Sanicle Celery Procumbent Celery Goutweed Parsley Burnt Saxifrage Water Dropwort Pepper Saxifrage Fool’s Parsley Parsnip Cow Parsnip Shepherd’s Needle Earth Nut Wild Chervil Rough ,, Carrot Hemlock Alexanders Mistletoe Dogwood Moschatel Elder, Wayfaring Tree Guelder Rose Honeysuckle Crosswort Yellow Bedstraw Marsh pi Bog ” Date. . July . June . July July .. July | .. May . July . July . June saeal ly, «. April . April 23.. . April 23.. .. Feb. . Mar. . May . July . July . June . June . May .. May . April .. May .. Mar. . July . June . June .. Mar. . May . Mar. . May .. May .. May . May .- May . June 20.. 18.. 7 han 27 .. 28.. On. 27. Il.. Zona 14... iB 28.. See 29.. Beir . April 23.. ie II... 20.. 26.. Q.. 30.. DEBE . April 21.. righs 19.. 23 Record. . G, S, W. . Bo. . Bo. «. June 22.. W. 24 c.Cc. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Latin Name. English Name. Date. Reord. : Galium Saxatile Rock Bedstraw .. July 18.. B. : »» Mollugo Great Hedge Bedstraw .. June 22.. B. : », Aparine Cleavers .. May 17.. T. : Asperula Odorata Woodruff . May g.. G, T. 4 4 Cynanchica Squinancywort . June 27... 5B: } Valeriana Officinalis Great Valerian . June 22.. B, K, W a5 Dioica Marsh ,, .. May 28.. G. ‘ Sherardia Arvensis Field Madder «. May) 9.2 7G. : Dipsacus Pilosus Small Teasel . July SeeG. 2G. . », Sylvestris Common ,, « Julyp arate ke 5 Scabiosa Succisa Devil’s-bit Scabious July 27.. F.R.W-E. os Columbaria Small oe - June 29.. G. i A Arvensis Field i 2. June 22) Sy t Eupatorium Cannabinum .. Hemp Agrimony » July” 400) BRR Tussilago Farfafa Colt’s Foot ve Bebo 04 ime a BS Petasites Butterbur «eo» April 2h ene . Gnaphalium Gallicum Narrow Cudweed ‘ rf Sylvaticum Wood Cudweed . July 6.. G. j Inula Dysenterica Fleabane + », Coniza Ploughman’s Spikenard y »» Pulicaria Small Fleabane iN >» Helenium Elecampane July 12.. G. Bellis Perennis Daisy Feb. 22.. M, Wi. i Chrysanthemum Leucan- ¥ themum.. Dog Daisy May 15.. G. 3 Inodorum Feverfew os Segetum.. Corn Marigold . July. ong Matricaria Chamomilla Camomile « Mar Jol. Anthemis Cotula Stinking Mayweed . May? 237.0 be 3 Arvensis Corn Camomile . May 127. G, Achillea Millefolium Yarrow > May.2s7 bs ‘“ Ptarmica Sneezewort Tanacetum Vulgare Tansy July anne Artemesia Vulgaris Mugwort ‘ Senecio ae Groundsel » Jane 20 @ pete »» Sylvaticus Wood Groundsel ., Erucifolius Narrow-leaved Ragwort.. July - 8.. C.ZG. », Aquaticus Marsh » July 18.. K. 5, jJacobaea Common as July), eee Arctium Lappa Burdock July 17.. Cs, B, F, Carduus Nutans Musk Thistle June 22... 7G. [K) & », Acanthoides Welted ,, June 24.. G, T,S. »» Lanceolatus Spear y July 13.. K. »» Palustris Marsh 5 June’. °55. (G: 53 Arvensis Creeping ,, June 29.. G, T,S. », Pratensis Meadow ,, July> “2-5 [Gy sss », Acaulis Dwarf mA July 3.. W. [Bo. | Latin Name. -Carduus Eriophorus - Carlina Vulgaris Centaurea Nigra k Scabiosa 5 Cyanus ‘Tragopedon Pratensis -Helminthia Echioides Picris Hieracioides ‘Leontodon Hispidus -Hypochaeris Radicata Lactuca Muralis Sonchus Arvensis »» Oleraceus Taraxacum Dens-leonis -Crepis Virens Biennis 5, Taraxacifolia Hieracium Pilosella j 39 Murorum Lapsana Communis ‘Campanula Glomerata Trachelium Rotundifolia oo» Hybrida Monotropa Hypopitys Primula Veris i>: Vulgaris Lysimachia ,, Nemorum a 5; Nummularia nagallis Arvensis guicula Vulgaris xinus Excelsior strum Vulgare hraea Centaurium nanthemumNymphae- _ oides rosotis Palustris Arvensis Rapunculoides.. BOTANICAL SECTION. 2 English Name. Date. Record. Woolly Thistle +» June 22.. C.Z.G. Carline ,, mee aly eligi xs Black Knapweed .. June 4.. Ba. Scabious ,, ber junen 22/6) We Cornflower .. June 27.. K,R Goat’s Beard .. May 16.. B. Ox-tongue . July 13.. K. Hawkweed Picris Hawkbit .. June 27.. R. Cat’s Ear . May 31.. B. Wall Lettuce .. June 25.. G. Corn Sow Thistle adn e Ese Che Common ,, oe Minyo rie. Gre Dandelion . Feb. 20.. C. Common Crepis =» july © 2°) G. Rough OD -. May 31.. #.F.C. Beaked ” -» May 31.. B. Mouse-ear Hawkweed .. May 18.. G. Wall rs . May 22: J, W. Nipplewort -. May 25.. Wi. Clustered Bell Flower .. June 13.. F. Nettle-leaved ,, .. July 8.. CLG. Creeping ” PR Uly ye See ae Harebell -. July 8.. B. Corn Ball Flower . July 8.. M. Bird’s Nest . July 15.. B. Cowslip .. Mar. 13.. G, Y. Primrose .. Feb. 20.. Cl. Yellow Loosestrife Se Ulye hye Gr, Byrd, K, R. Moneywort April 9.. J,.G,T,W. Creeping Jenny June 19.. G. Scarlet Pimpernel June g.. B. Butterwort wyume 220.9 We Ash . Mar. 28.. G. Privet June 5.. B. Greater Periwinkle April 4.. L. Lesser = we Hebe 27s EL. Centaury . July 4.. K,R. July, S22G: Yellowwort June 27.. G, B. Small Bind Weed June 14.. B. Great by gi July, o22.'G: Viper’s Bugloss . June 20.. S, Pg. True Forget-me-not June 22.. G. Field ” . May 9g.. T. 5 26 Cc.Cc. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Latin Name. English Name. Date, Recora. Myosotis Collina Early Forget-me-not .. May 22.. 7.&.W-E. >» _, Wersicolor Changing ,, 3 Sylvatica Wood os 3 Repens Creeping ,, .. June 19.. G. Symphytum Officinale Comfrey . May 12..5K: Borago Officinalis -. Borage -. May 23.. F, Ba. Cynoglossum Officinale Hound’s-tongue . July) 1706 KS Roi Hyoscyamus Niger Henbane Solanum Dulcamara Bitter Sweet «4 JURGS c2eemBas ee Nigrum ... Black Nightshade .. July 19..9R: Atropa Belladonna Deadly Nightshade . June 12.. G. Lathraea Squamaria Toothwort . Mar. 28.. CLG. Orobanche Major Great Broomrape Verbascum Thapsus Common Mullein . June 20.. B. 5 Nigrum Black ry . June I8eeke Linaria Vulgaris Yellow Toad Flax . June 20.. B, », Minor Lesser Es s» Cymballaria .» Ivy-leaved Toad Flax .. April 21.. Sa. ys Spuria Round ,, iA Scropularia Nodosa Knotted Figwort . May) 13. jBo; is Aquatica Marsh ro . June) 205.08: Mimulus Luteus Monkey Flower . June 12.. G. Digitalis Purpurea Foxglove Veronica Serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell May g.. J, Pg, Ph A Officinalis Common 5) ts J meny eee 53 Anagallis Water a9 . May 13.. K. of Beccabunga Brooklime 6s) May 16. eb ouen Ss Montana Mountain nr .. April 27.. J, S, W » Chamaedrys Germander 3 ae Apmlizgs ean a Hederaefolia Ivy-leaved a5) tale MCD Onn aes ° Agrestis Procumbent jy os HeDigetaemels A Buxbaumii Buxbaum’s > «« Bebs y2oumG. a Arvensis Wall ae obey ED. Bartsia Odontites ~ Red Bartsia « July >. Banus Euphrasia Officinalis Eye-bright . June 22.. M. Rhinanthus Cristi-galli Yellow Rattle . May 21.. K. Pedicularis Palustris Marsh Lousewort 55 Sylvatica Common ,, May °9..sGjat Melampyrum Pratense Cow Wheat Mentha Aquatica Water Mint », Sativa Whorled ,, s, Arvensis Corn i Thymus Serpyllum Thyme June 6.. G. Origanum Vulgare -- Marjoram July 1o.. K. Calamintha Acinos Basil Thyme June 20.. Pg, Ph, F. - Clinopodium .. Wild Basil July. u6.-Ga a Officinalis Common Calamint ary re a Stachys Palustris ae Lamium Purpureum 4, Album 5, Maculatum 4, Galeobdolon 4, Amplexicaule 5, Incisum ‘Teucrium Scorodonia 5, Lanceolata enopodium Bonos-henricus Urbicum .. Murale Rumex Acetosa E- » Acetosella Or 5, Obtusifolius 4, Crispus Pol lygonum Aviculare i, Convolvulus - > Amphibium a ss Persicaria 95 Lapathafolium. , BOTANICAL SECTION. English Name. Ground Ivy Self Heal Scull Cap Betony Hedge Woundwort Marsh Woundwort Corn os Hemp Nettle Black Horehound Red Dead Nettle White a Spotted ,, Yellow ,, Henbit Small Mes Wood Germander Bugle Great Plantain Hoary Plantain Ribwort ,, Good King Henry Upright foosefoot Nettle-leaved ,, White i Orache Common Sorrel Sheep’s ,, Common Dock Curled ae Knot Grass Black Bindweed Amphibious Bistort Persicaria Pale Bistort Euphorbia Helioscopia Sun Spurge 5 Peplus Petty ,, a: Exigua =) «small. an Amygdaloides .. Wood ,, Platyphyllos Broad ,, Lathyris Caper ,, urialis Perennis Dog’s Mercury . Urens Small Nettle Dioca Common ,, aria Officinalis - Pellitory-of-the-Wall lus Lupulus us Campestris _ Montana Hop Common Elm Wych a et o — 1] 27 Record. c PANNE aW Awdang P w YP WHRQeQar a” = Nd AE WR ASOPoRn 28 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Latin Name. Alnus Glutinosa Betula Alba Carpinus Betulus Corylus Avellana Fagus Sylvatica Quercus Robur Salix Caprzea », Purpurea », Fragilis ;, Viminalis Populus Nigra Pinus Sylvestris Taxus Baccata Typha Latifolia Sparganum Ramosum Acorus Calamus Arum Maculatum Potamogeton Natans Butomus Umbellatus Sagittaria Satittifolia Alisma Plantago Triglochin Palustre Epipactis Latifolia Cephalanthera Grandiflora.. Listera Ovata Neottia Nidusavis Orchis Morio Maculata >, Mascula oo atitola », Pyramidalis Conopsea HE tenane Bifplia Herminium Monorchis Ophyrs Apifera » Muscifera Iris Pseudacorus Tamus Communis Paris Quadrifotia Polygonatum Officinale - Multifiorum .. Convallaria Majalis Scilla Nutans Ornithogalum Capoae) Allium Ursinum Juncus Communis » Articulatus English Name. Alder Birch Hornbeam Hazel Nut Beech Oak Sallow Willow Purple ,, Crackifeys Black Poplar Scotch Fir Yew Bulrush Branched Bur-reed Sweet Flag Lords and Ladies Pondweed Flowertng Rush Arrowhead Water Plantain Arrowgrass Broad Epipactis Large Helleborine Twayblade Birds’-nest Orchid Green-winged ,, Spotted “4 Early Purple ,, Marsh 3 Pyramidal re Fragrant + Butterfly e Musk 4 Bee B Fly ” Yellow Flag Black Bryony Herb Paris Angular Solomon’s Seal Common “6 Lily-of-the-Valley Wild Hyacinth Star of Bethlehem Garlic Common Rush Jointed ae Date. - Feb. 24.. . April 4.. we Deb. piste . May “9 + June: "25 . Feb. 22.. . April 4.. « Mar. “7s « Mar-*21e » Peb: rose 20 July sie . july “3s co nly oss . April 18.. o) (ally seen -- June 24.% =. June 26h. os uly, eee GR Sor -» June 12%, os JUDE D2. .. May 14.. . May 8.. » May 307. ee ApElzzer . May 28.. os JUDG 22m - June 12.. + july? rc. - June 22.. . May 20.. . May 30.. . April 4.. .. May 16.. . April 4.. . June 2.. .. April 25.. . July 6.. Record. Wi. CAG: Wi. N oP) Ag se Gee B,F,K, OPS “S28 kil yk Brag Y BOTANICAL SECTION. 29 Latin Name English Name. Date. Record. Juncus Glaucus . Hard Rush . July 6.. Bo. Luzula Pilosa .- Wood ,, .. Mar. 28.. C.l.G. Eriphorum Polystachyum .. Cotton Grass -. June 22..W. Scirpus Sylvaticus Wood Scirpus -. July 1..S. Carex Praecox Early Sedge .- Mar. 27.. G@ Carex Pendula Pendulous Sedge . May 22.. G. Anthoxanthum Odoratum Vernal Grass Phalaris Canaricus Canary ,, hleum Pratense Timothy ,, Alopecurus Pratensis Meadow Foxtail Grass .. May 25.. S. Sy Geniculatus Marsh =F Avena Fatua - Wild Oat Arthenatherum Agee False ,, Holcus Lanatus Common Holcus . July 3..Bo. Hordeum Pratense Meadow Barley um Perenne Darnel Jactylis Glomerata Cock’s-foot Grass . July 3.. Bo. Briza Media Quaking a . June 2o0.. S. Poa Annua Common Meadow Ce jumer7ie ise , Pratensis Smooth » 5 5, Nemoralis Wood PF % Fluitans .. Floating “4 a ica Uniflora Wood Melick .. May 22.. F7.R.W-E uisetum Palustre Marsh Horse-tail Arvense .» Field md - Mar. 21..C. podium Vulgare Common Polypody lenium Tridactylites Wall Rue opendrium Vulgare Hart’s Tongue eris Aquilina Bracken idium Filix-mas Male Fern May 22.. J, W. 30 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION. President: J. W. SALTER, Esq. head are invited. A large number of Catocala Nupta (Large Red Underwing) were _ caught in August at Nafford Mills on the Avon. One was also caught _ in the Park. RJHE prize was given to T. A. Worsey, who sent in a rather j small but beautifully set collection. there is so little competition : but it may be due to the fact that all specimens shewn have to be collected within the current year, which necessitates the re- collection of the common kinds. It is a pity that Suggestions on this On June 7th two Kitten Moths were found in the Playground. ~ Early in the same month Oak-Eggers brought from Yorkshire the ~ previous summer, began to hatch out. Worsey’s collection contained :— Large White Small ” Green-Veined ,, Brimstone Marbled White Orange Tip Tortoiseshell Privet Hawk Lime ni Small Elephant ,, Humming-Bird ,, Ghost Swift Common ,, Dark Arches Currant Buff Ermine Large Yellow Underwing Heart and Club RHOPALOCERA. Ringlet Wall Comma Meadow-Brown Pearl-Bordered Fritillary Clifden Blue Azure Ae HETEROCERA. Wood Tiger Common Wainscot Early Grey Yellow Tail Brimstone Mother Shipton Yellow Shell Small Magpie Chimney-Sweeper Latticed Heath Common Rustic Little Blue Common ,, Large Skipper Grizzled ,, Dingy ,, Green Hair Streak Small Heath Six-spot Burnet Forester Common Pug Buff Tip Puss Moth Herald Pale Prominent Large Red Underwing Large Emerald Spinach and two others, c.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 31 GEOLOGICAL SECTION. President: C. I. GARDINER, Esq. the Lias clay of the district, and a fair number of fossils were obtained by M. Walker from the brickpit at the bottom of Leckhampton Hill which is opened in that formation. Few members of the Society seem to think it worth their while to present fossils to the School : Museum ; this is a great mistake as we have no good local collection contain. _ During the Easter term excursions to Leckhampton Hill were made by ‘Thornhill, James, N. Porteous, and Pownall, who collected chiefly from the Oolite beds. During the Summer term the excursions of the whole Society to Witcomb and Withington proved the most successful from the Geologists’ point of view. _ In the pit at the top of the Oolite escarpment, near Birdlip, N. rteous got Rhynconella Subtetrahedra, Terebratula Globata, Avicula quivalvis, and Serpuloe, while Wheatcroft got Rhynconella btetrahedra, Rhyconella Angulata, Terebratula Globata, and Avicula [ncequivalvis, the beds from which they collected being the Upper Trigonia Grit. It was from this bed, too, that fossils were obtained in the neighbourhood of Withington. The Museum is now in the process of being re-arranged. One e standing cases in the middle of the room is being utilised as neralogical case, and another for a collection of local fossils. hose Geologists who hammer away up on Leckhampton Hill no doubt occasionally raise their eyes from the pieces of Oolite are chipping and look across the Valley of the Severn to the Is in the distance, and the hills which are visible are, it is easy to of very different outline to that of the Cotteswolds, of which khampton forms a part. The Malverns with their jagged, 32 C.Cc. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. mountainous edges, and the dome shaped mass of May Hill, which being crowned with a clump of firs is easy to mark, have no corresponding hills in the Cotteswold range, and this difference in appearance is accompanied by, and is in truth due to, a difference in the rock material of which they are built. The Malverns are made up of crystalline rocks, which have been heated to the melting point, and then crystallised out, and are amongst the very oldest rocks in our Islands. The name Archean has been given to them. Down the whole of the Eastern side of the Malverns runs a great earth crack. And now beds of red sandstone formed many long ages after the rocks of the Malverns rest against those hills. These slope gradually towards Leckhampton Hill, are covered about half way across the Valley by Lias clays, a few feet of White Lias, as it is termed, intervening, and these Lias clays continue to the foot of Leckhampton Hill, where they, in their turn are covered by the Oolite Limestone. But to the South of the Malverns occurs another set of beds which lie beneath the red sandstone, and these are termed the Silurian beds, and are composed of limestones and sandstones, and May Hill is carved out of these. Some of these limestones are extremely fossiliferous, but their fossils are very different from those found in the limestones of Leckhampton, for the animals which lived in them existed many thousands of years before the Leckhampton beds were formed, and when the latter were laid down had entirely ceased to exist. No doubt in time now long gone by the Leckhamp- ton Hill beds extended much further West possibly over the Malverns, but the rivers and the rain and the frost has gradually cut them back Eastwards and the hard Oolite cracking and dissolving much more easily than the thick clay on which it rests has been worn back so as to form more or less of an inland cliff, which goes by the name of an escarpment. This clift we see now running from Cleeve Cloud, behind Battledown, to Leckhampton Hill, and away South past Gloucester. And even now it is being worn back little by little, though so gradually that none of us can see it going on. But every rainy day swells the brooks and streams that come down to the plain, and they get a yellow colour because they are bringing down from the hills little pieces of rock and are carrying them down and away from the hills. bh ec te Oe ee ee eee ee C.cC. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 33 ORNITHOLOGICAL SECTION. President: M. TANNER, Esq. Secretary: A. 1). S. ARBUTHNOT. WORKING MEMBERS. SENIOR. A.D.S. ARBUTHNOT, 4. L. Fort, Ft. J.C. D. BIRTWHISTLE, B. ‘LL. G. CoLuett, Cz. C. S. CRESSWELL, C. G. F. G. Fraser, 7. JUNIOR. G. L. Hopson, 2. — D. A. Sore, S. Xn this Section, Arbuthnot and Birtwhistle appear to have been the keenest competitors, both have made some very interesting notes on birds nests and eggs from their own observations. Birtwhistle has notes on thirty-four species and Arbuthnot twenty. Their collection of eggs was nearly equal. The prize was awarded to Birtwhistle. _ Nuthatches and Hawfinches have been unusually plentiful this ar, and Grasshopper Warblers have been seen and heard in several aces near Cheltenham. It is to be hoped that more notes on the habits of birds will be Sent in next year. It is not necessary to wait until Spring to commence, notes may be made all the year round. Birds are interesting at other times than the breeding season. Notes should ken on the ones that remain all the Winter with us. What do feed on? Where do they roost? Is their plumage the same in ratory species and of the nesting places, nests, eggs, and localities, th dates of all birds, and then the dates of departure as nearly as 34 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. iB large amount of pleasure is to be derived from studying birds in this way without ever taking an egg at all. Mr. C. H. Montrorp will be President of this Section next year in place of Mr. Tanner. possible of the migrants. The notes cannot be too profuse. Avery & NOTICES IN 1897. NAME OF EGG, LOCALITY. DATE. FINDER. Robin Charlton Kings March i2.. H. Song Thrush Leckhampton so de. Blackbird Charlton Kings Pam cis ale k Brown Owl Leckhampton 35) 2T cee CLE. . Missel Thrush Swindon $5.0 LE a mS Rook = 99° ZO. House Sparrow Hatherley 35... Skene 4 Hedge Sparrow Charlton Kings April 2.. C. ¢ Wild Duck Swindon 95 ie eo ct Stock Dove Charlton Kings 3 9:. EH. 4 Dipper 25 550) EZ ees b Jackdaw Pr Pee ee eee le ‘ Magpie FP Prenceen | leh; x Long-tailed Tit Bs 55) 1 e ZOnae nate x Greenfinch Wainlode PMN /bo pal Chaffinch Charlton Kings May 2.. H. 4 Blackcap OS A Aventis , Linnet Dowdeswell 7 Ava pide ps Great Tit Leckhampton 5 a Sie ‘ Chiffchaff Ke = 5 scene y Starling is i deen! 2 ns © Pied Wagtail Swindon » Bic seus Lesser Whitethroat Leckhampton mA iat Be 4 Gorse Linnet Hatherley a (ee) Oe i Meadow Pipit Dowdeswell “ Tin w makes & Whitethroat Charlton Kings “A Y Pp Redstart Leckhampton - Qs, Gr, Bete Yellowhammer Py 53) Om ateatere , Tree Pipit Wi FA 10o.. B. A Cuckoo 5 Pe 125. abe : Yellow Wagtail Charlton Kings a 13... GEnEt Waterhen Shurdington = TA ces Tree Sparrow Leckhampton os TAs : Common Wren 3 . 15.0 3, fe a Bullfinch ss x Thea Garden Warbler 3 BS 150 obs Blue Tit BA 55 TS incees Willow Warbler 3 35 Th venmba ’ ORNITHOLOGICAU SECTION. 35 NAME OF EGG. LOCALITY. DATE. FINDER. Marsh Tit .. Crippits aN ss Ds) Gt bite hinchat .- Withington Rates 18.. B,A. ood Pigeon .. Hatherley hon eae 18.. A. -Hawfinch .. Crippits SOUR oR oi Mea Tree Creeper » .. Witcomb BORG nae CAL Swallow .. Leckhampton Deane 25.. B,A. Flycatcher .. Prestbury Mone et iaoines Al Turtle Dove .. Leckhampton — OS OR SP eae NME © -Red-backed Shrike .._ Hatherley MN ean cSt ns (ALS ‘Skylark .. Leckhampton Rv ane: Sy Be Sedge Warbler .. Cirencester Le AS _ House Martin .. Leckhampton merci s Sfotenes. Sand Martin .. Charlton Kings PLAC 12.. A MIGRATORY BIRDS. From notes taken by J. C. D. BIRTWHISTLE. NAME OF BIRD. FIRST SEEN. LAST SEEN. Cuckoo .. April2rt .. June 18 Redstart Tes PAU LS - Greater Whitethroat.. >) BOs Sept. 25 Garden Warbler .. May 2 .. Sept. 18 Chiffchaff we cf 2 .. June 29 Swallow 1h ates AUS 2 Sand Martin a ae 8 .. Aug. 12 Lesser Whitethroat .. a 9 .. Sept. 17 Blackcap so) | a OS 50 ee House Martin ae oe) eae Octe = 7, Willow Warbler st 33 6 IM ws «=CSept. 14 Swift Ja) Bigg eR eter) Alaly 1.22 Flycatcher ea une ita Sy ea Young Cuckoo . 95 TO .. Aug. 19 JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. - best work was done by G. L. Hodson, who, with twenty-nine es in his collection, all but two being records, was very far ahead y other competitor. D. A. Sole came next with ten species. dson was successful in finding the Dipper’s nest, and it is a | notice how near to the town this bird, which we usually 36 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. PHOTOGRAPHIC . SECTION. President - - A. H. Macponatp, Eso. MEMBERS : CoLLETT, L. G. OLIVER, M. W. B. STEPHENS, E. G. W. CoTTRILL, H. L. Ponsonsy, H. E. WHEELER, P. CRAILSHEIM, H. R. RAwLINS, H. St. G. WELLs, F. M. A. HoucutTon, A. T. SANDERS, J. G. Wo irr, M. A. IRVINE, E. St. G. T. SHARP. &\WING to the President of this Section having left us, the f; records of the past year’s work done in it are scanty. The Section seems to have been fairly vigorous during the Summer term, but at the exhibition of slides taken by members at the end of the Winter term, only M. A. Wolff and H. L. Cottrill showed slides ; the former was awarded the Prize. It is to be hoped that Members of the Section will photograph buildings of architectural interest in the neighbourhood, so that we could keep in the Museum a book of such photographs ; and if another book were kept of photographs of important quarries in the neighbourhood, it would be of great geological interest. : Mr. Youngman has consented to act as President of this Section, and anyone wishing to belong to it or to obtain information about the use of the dark room should go to him. C.c. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 37 LECTURES. er “ MICROBES.” By Dr. WILSON. ——_ K\HE first person to see a microbe appears to have been a Dutchman, Lewenhock, as early as 1675, but very little account was taken of his observation until Schwann, in 1837, discovered that fermentation was produced by a minute organism, and that putrefaction was brought about by some cause which existed in air “ae and could be destroyed by heat. This discovery was the starting point for many others. Pasteur began his classical work, and for many years was occupied in finding out, the connection between various diseases and the microscopic organisms, to which the names of microbes or bacteria have been given. ~ Following on the lines of Schwann’s work, he proved satisfactorily t no putrefaction could go on without living organisms, and that se came from the air. Another school of biologists fought long inst the position taken up by Pasteur and maintained the counter theory of spontaneous generation. Life, they said, could start up suddenly at places where no life had been, and though by the end of the sixties they had been beaten all along the line, the controversy was anything but unfruitful as the experiments of Tyndall and Lord Lister, which set the question at rest for ever, laid the foundations of y and of our present knowledge of infectious diseases. investigated the changes due to fermentation of and the viscosity and bitterness, occasionally so f special microbes, by the antiseptic surger Pasteur, moreover, alcoholic liquors, destructive, were traced to the presence © clusion or destruction of which the vintage was saved. 38 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Again, in 1865, when the French silk industry was seriously threatened by the mysterious ‘‘ spot disease,” Pasteur discovered the cause in a microbe, which attacked the eggs and bodies of the worms. ' — The diseased eggs were detected under the microscope, and des- troyed, and so the disease was crushed out. In 1849, a Frenchman, Davaine, had observed a microbe, Bacédlus Anthracis, in the blood of cattle which had died of enteric fever, a disease which was then very prevalent amongst the French herds, and which is now such a terror to the African farmer. Later, Pasteur, while experimenting on Fowl Cholera, made a startling discovery. He cultivated the bacterium, that is to say preserved in such a liquid that it could feed and grow, and found that if he kept it for some time it was not nearly so virulent, so that when he injected some of it into a healthy fowl, instead of the animal dying, it merely became slightly unwell and then got right again, and further to the astonish- ment of the experimenter, gave complete protection to the animal when what would have been a fatal dose of the poison was adminis- tered. It had long been known from the experiments of Jenner that cow- pox, an attenuated small-pox, gave as complete a protection against the latter disease as an attack of small-pox itself, but for nearly a hundred years this had remained an isolated fact, it was now by Pasteur’s work linked to other similar observations and extended by that experimentor and his pupil Koch to Hydrophobia and Anthrax. Since then disease after disease has been found to be caused by some particular bacillus and its antidote has been found to be an injection of the same bacillus in a less virulent form. The average microbe is some one-twenty-thousandth of an inch long, and the forms of these minute organisms are very varied. They are undoubtedly vegetable in their nature, they increase by splitting into two parts, each part going on living, and also by forming little round bodies called spores, which are very hard and difficult to kill, some resisting even boiling water and the intensest cold. The spores of Anthrax will stand a temperature of 100 degs. Cent. for some time, while the bacilli are killed by ten minutes boiling. Microbes increase at an enormous rate, one observer states that seven in twenty drops of water had multiplied to 495,000 in the course of two days. It is a curious thing that a microbe which is poisonous to one animal is not necessarily so to another. Anthrax for example, is a virulent poison to cattle, sheep, rabbits, guinea-pigs and mice, and has LECTURES. 39 no effect on rats, fowls, frogs, white mice or the carnivora. Glanders, _ though fatal to man, to the horse, to guinea-pigs, and to field mice, has no effect on cattle, house mice, rabbits or pigs. To the question where do these all powerful, almost invisible, organisms dwell, the answer is everywhere. In earth, air and water they are equally at home. In the air they appear to be borne along _ like seeds or motes. Far out to sea but few are found, and none or - next to none at the highest altitudes. Sunshine has a destructive _ effect even on the spores of certain bacteria. By six or seven hours exposure cholera bacilli were entirely destroyed, and the effects of sunshine was found to penetrate some five or six feet of clear water. It is thus that the germs of disease are destroyed in vast numbers by _ exposure to the action of those powerful disinfectants, the wind and the sun. In water and liquids of all kinds microbes thrive. Fortunately for us it appears difficult for them to leave this element and pass into _ the air. In twenty drops of unfiltered Thames water Dr. Frankland _ found about 20,000 microbes, and when filtered there were 400. They abound most in winter from the access of surface water and the _ absence of sun. : Our only safety lies in a pure source of our water supply, but boiling does much for bad or doubtful water or milk. Filters of the old type are worse than useless for the charcoal in them forms a convenient breeding ground for the microbe. In the earth, bacteria are most active and vigorous—it has _ probably been the original home of most varieties even of those now parasitic in the bodies of living animals. The lockjaw bacillus has _been found in mangrove swamps, whence it is obtained by the South Sea Islanders, who dip their poisoned arrows in the water in which it abounds. It is also present in garden soil and gutters and its wide distribution should make us careful in the cleansing of any wound. _ There are also living in the earth the useful microbes who carry on their work of putrefaction even deep down in the dark. __ The remaining home of the microbe is the body of some living animal, which they enter by the breath, or with the food, or by some injured surface. Some kinds seem always with us, eight or ten” species are _ constantly to be found in the mouth, one of which has a digestive _ power, and attacks the teeth, especially when the enamel has been Injured by acids. The best antidote for this one is a good tooth _ brush, to be applied frequently. 40 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. The next question is—How do microbes act ? Firstly, they are nature’s scavengers. Wherever dead vegetable or animal matter exists there they assemble in their millions, breaking down the complex organic compounds into simpler ones, which can again be usefully taken up’by other plants or animals. The true key to the answer as to how the microbe acts is found in the fermentation by yeasts. Of yeasts there are different kinds, and the difference between the beers of England, Scotland and North Germany, and that of South Germany and Austria, which we know as Lager beer, is due to the difference in the yeast. In the former an organism growing at a high temperature and forming a frothy scum at the surface is the active agent; in the latter a bottom growing yeast, which thrives independently of air and at a low temperature, brings about similar changes but with different results, less alcohol being formed and a more delicate flavour. Of ferments due to microbes there are no end. The conversion of alcoholic liquors into vinegar is due to one microbe, the souring of milk is due to another, while the turning butter rank and cheese ripe are also effects of microbes. Having thus learned something about the manner of the microbe, we can understand better the aims of those who are now working at the diseases some of them cause. It had long been common in the East to inoculate small-pox virus in order to protect the patient from a more serious attack, but Lady Wortley Montagu, after submitting her own child to the operation in 1718, introduced the practice into Europe, where it became common till it was found that small-pox was being spread in all directions from those who had been inoculated and gained for themselves protection. It was then that Jenner, having heard that persons who had caught cow-pox while milking and were protected from small-pox, took the hint and by experiment convinced himself of the country-side tradition. And we are now with a fuller knowledge following along the direction pointed out by Jenner more than a hundred years ago. LECTURES. 41 “BIRBS AND BIRDS-NESTING.” BY C. MONTFORD, ESQ. “ine term “ birds-nesting ” is one which the true lover of birds instinctively dislikes. It seems to imply the hunting of every bank, hedge and tree and the robbing of every nest that is found, and such things are an abomination to the true lover of birds. To such an te one there is an indescribable charm about an early j Spring morning, when you seem to have all the country to yourself and you see and hear the first migrants, such as the Chiff-chaff, the ~ Cuckoo, and the Swallow. To such an one, too, there is a pleasure in making a collection of eggs or of birds, not because he possesses an egg of great pecuniary worth, or because it is one which many collectors do not possess, but because each of his eggs has a history and his collection is like a diary reminding him of days now long - gone by. The first thing for a collector to do is to get to know the birds by their song, plumage and habits, and to be able in most cases to tell _ the males from the females and the old from the young. He should always make a point of making profuse notes on everything he sees q and hears in connection with birds, particularly of the dates of arrivals _ of migrants and of the finding of nests, whether they are taken or _ not, and also of the position and materials of the nests and any other matters of interest about them. The bird-observer will find that birds do not always build in the regulation places or with the regulation materials. For instance the lecturer found a fly catcher’s nest almost entirely built of cotton waste and a chaffinch’s nest suspended under a spruce low down like a _golden-crested wren’s and all the eggs were blue. Robins will build in kettles and cans on an ash heap and down rabbit holes. The _ lecturer once found a wren’s nest in an old boot that had been thrown a away and had stuck in an elder bush, and in India he had heard of _ akite which had built its nest entirely of wires off soda-water bottles. In Norway he had seen magpies’ nests in the woodwork under the 42 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. eaves of houses and one was built in a small cherry tree growing be- tween the windows of a house and not more tkan seven feet from the ground. At Witcomb last year he saw two swallows’ nests side by side on a coach-house door, which swung with the door every time it was opened or shut, the birds sitting all the time. One of the nests eventually hatched off. In a workshop in Derbyshire there was a wall box in which was a bearing for shafting built in the wall with a wheel close to the wall outside. A fly-catcher built for two years in this recess and it could only get in or out when the wheel was not revolving but it would sit there with all the noise and the wheel going round and did not appear to mind a bit. ’ Other curious things which he had noticed were a redstart and a willow warbler which had laid in the same nest, a golden-crested wren’s nest in a holly bush, five blackbirds’ nests in a hayrick in a shed, the five nests being all woven together and there were eggs in three of them. It is a very great mistake if you find a nest of which you have any doubt to take the eggs without first seeing the bird and making notes about her and the nest. Suppose a bird is sitting and you put her off unseen, if you go away and return in a few minutes quietly you will probably find she is on the nest and then you can have a good look at her. This is of the first importance in the case of birds that are very much alike in their eggs and nests. For instance it is very often impossible to say whether certain eggs are blackcaps’ or garden warblers’, but when you see the birds you can tell in a moment, for the cock blackcap has a black cap and the hen a reddish one, while the garden warbler has none at all. The chiffchaff and willow warblers, too, are very confusing as they both build the same nests and willow warblers’ eggs vary so very much both as to shape and markings. But you may take it as a rule that willow warblers’ nests are on the ground, often in so deep a recess that they are very difficult to find, while a chiffchaff’s is always built off the ground, in a briar or some other bush. If you are quiet and quick you may often catch the bird on the nest with your hand and have a good look at her before letting her go, she does not seem to forsake the nest in consequence. Such an inspection of the bird will tell you at once which of the two it is, for a chiffchaff has black legs while a willow warbler has greenish brown ones. The chiffchaff is the first warbler to come and the last to go. ‘~ LECTURES. 43 You will find more nests by keeping a look-out for the birds and watching their ways than by looking for the nests themselves and you can generally tell by the actions of the bird whether she has a nest near by or not. Story books tell pretty tales of the cock bird singing to his mate as she sits on the eggs. As a matter of fact in most cases the cock sings very little after the nest is begun and stops entirely when the sitting stage arrives. Moreover birds as a rule do not sing near the nest or where the nest is going to be. During the sitting season the cock’s chief business is to keep watch but it is through this very watchfulness that you can often find the nest. Take the case of wheatears, you can spend a long time in watching them for they are as artful as any bird and the only way to find their nest is by watching, unless, of course, you just chance to find one by pure luck. Leckhampton Hill is a good place to watch them for between Charlton Common and the Devil’s Chimney there are always a dozen or more nests. Suppose you catch sight of one sitting on a stone, he will take no notice of you until you get to where he considers to be dangerously near his nest when he will fly off, sound his alarm note and ina few seconds you will see the hen, but to see exactly where she came from is quite another story. But you will have a rough idea, to within twenty yards or so, as to where the nest is. The next thing to do is to hide and watch, but you will find there is no hiding from a wheatear. If you lie up behind a bank or stone, the wheatear promptly gets on to another stone higher up and watches you in his turn, but if you keep still for about a quarter-of-an-hour he will fly down and join the hen and they will run about and feed, or pre- tend to feed. Presently, if all is quiet, the hen will run under a stone or something else and stop there and you think that you have won the game, but if you are drawn from your shelter you will find you are hoaxed, so you will have to hide again and go through the whole performance once more, and with a greater supply of patience you a will be this time rewarded by seeing her go to the nest under some loose stones or in a rabbit burrow. It appears to be a great trick of the smaller birds when you are at their nest to pretend to feed or to carry building materials about in their mouths as if they were just beginning to make a nest and and consequently any idea of yours that they already had one must be quite absurd and so you had better give up hunting for one and _ goaway. All birds if you take away all their eggs will sit on their __hest for an hour or more before they leave it. 44 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Having found a nest and taken specimens you should blow them on the spot, as if carried empty they are not so liable to break. A tin box is the best thing to carry them in, each egg should be wrapped up separately in cotton-wool and not laid in layers with wool between each layer. The best form of egg drill is made of a piece of steel rod ground to a conical point. One hole only should be made in the egg by twisting the drill between the fingers and the contents blown out by blowing air in witha glass or brass blow pipe. A glass blow-pipe is easily made by heating a piece of glass tubing in a gas flame and drawing it out to a point at one end. With small fresh eggs the end of the blow pipe need not be inserted into the egg, the jet of air from the pipe, held just outside, being sufficient to force out the contents. If the egg is small and hard set the best way to get the inside out of it is to wind very narrow strips of gummed paper round and round it in all directions and leave it until quite dry. A large hole may then be drilled into the shell through the paper and the contents may then be picked out with a hooked needle and small scissors. All eggs should be washed out with plain water, but care should be taken never to wash the outsides unless it is absolutely necessary as the colouring matter in many cases washes off easily and the speci- mens are then spoilt. This warning will be found especially useful in the case of the eggs of waders. The skin round the hole should be cut away, a small etching pen being a very good implement to use for this purpose and the egg should finally be allowed to drain and dry before being put away. In the case of large thick-yolked eggs it is better to cut the skin away before blowing as the contents will then come out much more easily. When eggs are hard set the skin lining the egg should always be drawn out, a hooked needle being useful for this purpose, as other- wise the egg will become discoloured and will not keep well. It is advisable to write round the hole the name of the bird, the date on which the egg was found, the place at which it was taken, and if more than one egg is taken from the same nest, a letter should be put on each egg from the same clutch. The neighbourhood of Cheltenham is a very good one for birds, as during the past three years the lecturer had found the nests of eighty-three different sorts of birds within a few miles of the town and there are most certainly very many more to be found The process of nest building is one which well repays a little LECTURES. 45 attention. Thus the golden-crested wren builds on the under side of a spruce or yew bough. It begins by fixing a piece of cobweb and moss to a certain spot and goes on adding to this till a strip some six inches long hangs down from the bough. Then it takes the lower end of this and fastens it to another point and thus forms a sling on which the rest of the nest is built. Last Spring boys were continually bringing the lecturer tits’ eggs to identify, but no one can tell with certainty whether an egg is a cole tits’, a blue tits’ or a marsh tits’, You must see the birds when you find the nest. A blue tit you can of course distinguish at once but marsh tits and cole tits must be seen close or may be mistaken for one another. The cole tit’s head is white on the sides, black on the crown, chin and throat, and the bird has a white patch on the _ back of the neck. The marsh tit has the top of its head all black and the throat white with the exception of a tiny patch of black under the bill. If you find a tit’s nest in a hole in the ground or close to the ground it is almost sure to be a‘cole tit’s and not a marsh tits’. All three tits will cut out holes in dead stumps and. pollards just like a woodpecker. A wagtail’s nest needs careful searching for as the bird is ex- _ tremely watchful, and particularly is this true of yellow wagtails. These birds build their nests out in the middle of a fallow, or a grass field, _ or in young corn, and you can never get near enough to see the bird _ get off the nest. The cock is always on the watch and as soon as you show yourself he lets the hen know and she runs off the nest and nothing will induce her to return while you are anywhere near, But if you have sufficient patience and can see far enough the cock will go to the nest and you will see somewhere about where the nest is and must then hunt about for it. On the other hand some birds are remarkably confidential about _ the locality of their nests, the red backed shrikes or butcher birds are probably the most foolish ones of all, they build in thick hedges and isolated bushes in the fields and are generally to be seen and _ heard near their nests, or if he happens to be at some distance from _ them and the hen is sitting, the cock bird will fly and sit on the bush _ where the nest is. It seems probable that they begin sitting as soon as the first egg is laid, as all the eggs that the lecturer had blown _ from the same nest have been of different degrees of hardness and the hen is always to be seen on the nest. Se I nn ee ee ee m4 46 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Another common bird in this locality is the green woodpecker. It isa common thing for this bird to allow its holes to be appropriated by starlings, and the lecturer had seen one pair make four holes two feet or more deep and starlings took the first three in possession, yet the woodpecker looks as if he could easily slay a starling with one peck of his beak. The green woodpecker will often cut through three or four inches of green wood in a solid oak, elm or ash, in order to get to the rotten interior. At times they-will lay in old holes, and, if not turned out by starlings will come back to the same hole year after year. Lesser and spotted woodpeckers are not so common, and their nests are not so easily found as they often build very high up in a hole in the limb of a large tree. Tree creeper’s nests are frequently overlooked as they are so hidden and the birds do not show up when disturbed but dodge round the tree when you get near. They are very fond of building behind a piece of loose bark on a pollard, a crack in a wall or a crevice in atree. Thus they differ from tits as they never seem to build in a hole but always in a crevice. This is a great country for nuthatches and the difference in the way nuthatches and tree creepers feed is most marked. They both feed on insects which they find in the bark of trees. A tree creeper begins at the bottom and climbs up to the top, feeding as it goes, and when it gets to the top flies down and repeats the performance. But a nuthatch begins at the top and walks down head first and when it gets to the bottom flies up to the top and starts down once more. Nuthatches have a weakness for feeding upside down and if you cut a cocoanut in half and nail a bit up near your window in winter, if there are any nuthatches near they will be sure to come, and you will see them feeding busily head downwards. In most of the large rough-barked trees about Cheltenham you will see hazel-nut shells jammed in crevices of the bark, these have been put there by nut- hatches who jam them in and then split them open, for they feed on nuts as well as insects. The lecturer had once seen a pair of these birds building in an old woodpecker’s hole, high up in the trunk of a tall tree, and they never stopped, while they were watched, flying up and down from the ground to the hole with dead leaves. Ten days afterwards a second visit proved that a greater spotted woodpecker had turned out the nuthatches for the bird was sitting on five eggs which were all then taken. A third visit after another fourteen days showed that the eS ee ee ee LECTURES. 47 nuthatches had returned, clayed up the mouth of the hole and filled up the interior with large pieces of rotten wood and leaves and had laid seven eggs, after this the woodpecker returned and _ hatched off. The green plover or pee-wit has a nest which is hard to find until you know how to find it. The popular idea is that when the bird comes swooping round crying out and making a great fuss there is a nest with eggs near, but this is quite a mistake. When plover have eggs they make no noise at all, though they make noise enough when they have young ones and before laying commences. To find the nest you must creep up to the hedge of the field where the nests are and then suddenly show yourself and if you see a bird get straight up off the ground and fly out of the field without uttering a sound, there is sure to be a nest there with eggs in it. If they see you coming they will run off the nest for some way before flying and so deceive you as to its exact position. Anyone who has made a study of finding plover’s nests can mark down several plover’s nests at once, and can tell you by the way the bird flys how many eggs there are in each nest and he will generally be right. Wood warblers give one a lot of trouble in nest finding. They are birds you must watch in order to find their nests, which are always very cunningly concealed under dead leaves and twigs in the woods about here. The cock bird will sit on a particular twig and seems to sing incessantly in the early Spring, and if you disturb him and drive him away he quickly returns to the old twig and continues to sing and does this till the nest is begun when he only sings at intervals. Then is the time to watch and you will possibly be lucky enough to _ see the hen carrying building materials to the nest. The only other way to find the nest is to walk the piece of wood over very carefully where you think the nest is until you put the hen off, and you can always hear when you have done so by her cry which is very like that of the willow wren, when disturbed from the nest. When you have _ found the nest you will see that it is very like that of the chiffchaff and of the willow wren, but the opening is higher up and it is never _ lined with feathers as the nests of those birds are. The wood wren is not very plentiful about here, but there are two or three pairs in all the larger woods in the neighbourhood. There _ was a nest this Spring in the belt of trees by the side of the East _ Gloucestershire cricket ground on the Old Bath Road, under the a beech tree at the end. These birds seem always to build under beech trees if they can. 48 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. At Chatcomb, Witcomb, and Coomb Hill, a good number of grasshopper warblers are to be found. The nest is open like a meadow pipit’s, but is very hard to find as it is built in amongst long grass. The only way to find them is to walk the ground up and down very closely, and when you have put up a bird, you must go down on hands and knees, and turn every tuft of grass over in the hopes of finding the nest. The birds themselves are apt to run off through the grass and consequently are very difficult to see. Their name is given them because their note is like the noise of a grasshopper and unless you were told it came from a bird you would scarcely believe it. When you have found its nest the bird becomes quite confiding, coming up close to you, making a growling noise and writhing its body and tail about in a most peculiar manner. A bird which is probably to be found on the larger ponds near here and on the Avon and Severn is the dabchick or little greeb. Their nest is merely an accumulation of rotten weeds and rushes actually floating on the water but held in position by a growing reed or overhanging rush and the eggs are always wet from the moment they are laid. At first they are white but in a few hours they get dis- coloured by the rotten weeds of which the nest is made. The old bird always covers the eggs up on leaving the nest so that there is nothing to catch the eye beyond what appears to be a natural accumulation of rubbish. The young birds when first hatched can swim at once and look like baby mice with yellow and brown stripes and fine hair rather than little birds with down. When too weak to walk and not a day old they may be seen crawling out of the water, pulling themselves up the side by taking hold of the materials of the nest with their beaks and so shuffling themselves back into the nest. Young waterhens are in just the same hurry to get into the water as soon as they are hatched, only they are like little black balls of down and are so buoyant that they have quite a struggle to get under water. The early part of egg-collecting is easy enough but as soon as you begin to look for particular sorts all kinds of difficulties crop up. Still, if you make a point of noticing every little thing you see, you will always find a pleasure in your expeditions, and it is quite possible to make a study of birds without making a collection at all. Do not take eggs just because you find a nest and think it is the proper thing to do. You could find a nest and watch it for an hour or two every day and find out something fresh about the habits of the birds that built it each time. And if you want to do the thing thoroughly get to know the birds and their nests first and their eggs afterwards, sii NOTES ON BIRD-NESTING. 49 EXTRACTS FROM “NOTES ON BIRDNESTING.” By J. BIRTWHISTLE. ROBIN REDBREAST. “JounD at Leckhampton on March 1oth. The nest was f) placed in ivy on a wall, it was a very big one composed of leaves, paper and string, and lined with hair, it was very firm and well concealed. The bird was not at all shy, but sat within a few feet of me, and went back S| directly I had gone. The nest was about 3ft. 6in. from the eid Six eggs were laid, very good specimens and rather big. a BLACKBIRD. Found at Leckhampton on March 2zoth, placed in a laurel bush and fastened on to the branches with clay and dead leaves, paper and bits of sticks, and lined with clay, then after that lined with very fine grass. The same pair began in another bush but a very windy night disturbed the few leaves and grass they had collected, and then they left that for the other place, where they were successful. The bird after a time got very tame. The nest was about $ft. gin. from the ground, very neat and tightly built. CHIFFCHAFF. Found at Leckhampton on May 5th. The nest which was domed was placed on some brambles, which had been thrown out of a _ stream, it looked very much like a thrush’s nest turned upside down, _ it was made of hay and dead leaves and lined with feathers, and was _ about rft. 6in. from the ground. I only saw the birds once and then - they were off like a shot. CHAFFINCH. : Found at Leckhampton on May 5th. The nest, which was extremely neat, was placed in the fork of a hedge and well surrounded _ with thorns. It was made of lichen and moss, and was lined with _ feathers. It was rather low down, being just low enough to look into. 50 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. LESSER WHITETHROAT. Found at Leckhampton on May sth. This nest was so light and very loosely placed in a hedge that one wondered how it managed to stay in its place in the windy days. It was only made of thin hay, and you were able to see right through it, but this one was fairly deep, else I think the eggs would have been blown out. It was only 3ft. gin. from the ground. TREE PIPIT. Found at Leckhampton on May roth. The nest was placed ina hole in the ground protected by nettles. It would not have been found had not the bird flown from off the nest, as it was we had some difficulty in finding it. The nest was made of hay and fairly deep. Common WREN. Found at Leckhampton on May 15th. The nest was placed in the ivy growing on a willow tree which hung over a pond, and was made of dead leaves and moss, and round the hole there were a few ticks ; it was lined with feathers, being exceedingly cosy inside. SWALLow. Found at Leckhampton on May 26th. The nest was placed on the beam of an old barn, and was made of mud with hay in it, and was well lined with feathers. The old birds were very tame, they did not move until I had climbed right up to their nest. Then they would not leave the barn, but rested on another beam. The nest was about 8ft. from the ground. ReD BACKED SHRIKE. Found at Leckhampton on June 9th. The nest was placed in the hedge and was very open, made of stalks, moss, and grass, and lined with wool. The old birds were always very near the nest, and when the hen bird was on the nest the old cock bird was generally within 5 or ten yards of the nest. 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A Bi AA Re ae PR Cr tt TA tne r Prize Photographs, by L. C. Willcox. CHELTENHAM COLLEGE SJatural History Society. u RGPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR +1398 & Sumptibus Editorum Cheltoniensium. CHELTENHAM : DARTER’S COLLEGE BOOK AND STATIONERY DEPOT, NORTHWICK TERRACE. CHELTENHAM : THOMAS HAILING, OXFORD PRINTING WORKS. 1899. CONTENTS. 4 PAGE. _ Preface vee Rat dee coe oats The Council, 1898 __... ie Sie ERNE 9 ist of Members II Lectures and Excursions 17 PAidditions to the Museum 18 Reports of Sections : (1) Archeological Section ... a cae ne (2) Botanical Section am ane vee 2 (3) nnuiiblonicl Section ~ i., Ces ae SSC (4) Geological Section 4 cas Lea yy (5) Ornithological Section... pes se sco (6) Photographic Section “ae ee seg Ae port on the College Collection of Jurassic Fossils van. wey | : “The Romance of Astronomy ” sai ae RG PREFACE. HE past year has been marked by two great features, the increase in the number of members of the Photographic Section, and the beginning of the rearrangement of the fossils in the Museum. So numerous are the members of the Photographic Section that the question of a new dark room is becoming very pressing, the one we have at present being most inconveniently small. The collection of fossils in our Museum is a very large one, but having been accumulated by donations spread over a considerable number of years we possess a large number of duplicates, and when the whole collection is properly overhauled it will be found that many specimens can be taken out of the cases where they are now and kept for exchange purposes. It was thought advisable to start arranging the Jurassic fossils as these contained all the local specimens and the rearrangement was put into the hands of S. S. Buckman, Esq., of Charlton Kings. We may consider ourselves very fortunate indeed in having one so intimately acquainted with fossils from the Jurassic beds living so _ close to us and able to assist us, and any one who looks at the - fossils arranged by him will see in a moment what a work he has done. We must also be deeply grateful to the Council for having "assisted us with a grant towards this arrangement. The Cambrian and Silurian fossils are also being arranged and the rest of the fossils will be dealt with in turn. A very good collection of _ fossils from the Derbyshire Carboniferous Limestone, the Norfolk _ Forest Bed, and other rocks, has been presented to us by the Rev. EB, Montford and this collection will shortly be on view. Besides " fossils there is also in this collection a very nearly perfect skeleton b, of the gigantic extinct New Zealand bird, the Dinornis Elephant- 6 PREFACE. opus or the Moa. The Montford Egg Collection, purchased by the colleagues of the late C. Montford, Esq., as a memorial of him, has been placed in the case prepared for it, and several birds’ nests have been very tastefully arranged above it by our Curator, Mr. White. We are very glad to have this opportunity of thanking Dr. Wilson for having presented to us several of these nests, and also many photographs of birds’ nests which have been put in a book and are on view in the Museum. Most of the other nests have been collected and presented by Ll. Bullock-Webster, O.C., whose notes on Cheltenham birds, sent in for the prize given in the Ornithological Section, formed one of the best productions we have ever had in our Society. The Meetings and Excursions of the Society were very well attended and the activity of individual members of Sections was very marked. The Botanical Section in the Senior Department, though not producing any more Hodsons and Curries, yet contained several energetic members, whose energy we hope will be even more visible next year, while in the Junior Department, Banks has done remarkably well, and we hope he will continue to assist the Society to obtain flower records for many years to come. The Ornithological Section possessed in Bullock-Webster one of the best observers we have had for a long time in the Society, and his having left Cheltenham leaves a gap which we shall find hard to fill. There seems every chance of a Microscopical Section being started. Mr. Scott has kindly consented to take charge of it and give anyone who joins it all possible assistance and help. Sucha Section should appeal to all fellows who are going in for the medical profession, as they will be able to get accustomed to microscope work before they leave school, while botanists also will find it useful, as a mere knowledge of a plant as one sees it in a field is not sufficient to tell us all about it. Anyone, therefore, Li PREFACE. 7 _ who would like to join, and anyone who would be kind enough to lend a microscope, is invited to communicate with Mr. Scott. From the Balance Sheet it will be seen that the Society paid out of its funds besides the usual expenses, a certain sum towards _ the rearrangement of the fossils in the Museum, and also gave a a subscription to the fund for the purchase of the Montford Egg ~ Collection. THE COUNCIL, 1898. President... Vice-President Treasurer Secretary ... President of Archeological Section... President of Botanical Section President of Entomological Section... President of Geological Section President of Ornithological Section... President of Photographic Section ... President of Junior School THE PRINCIPAL. Rev. J. MUGLISTON. W. M. Baker, Esq. C. I. GarpDINER, Esq. A. S. Owen, Esq. Rev. J. R. WyNNE-EDWARDsS. J. C. SALTER, Esq. c. I. GARDINER, Esq. M. TANNER, Esq. C. E. Youneman, Esq. F. J. Capes, Esa. C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 9 RULES. 1.—That this Society be called the Cheltenham College Natural History Society, and have for its object the promotion of the study of Natural History. 2.—That Ordinary Meetings of this Society be held on Fridays once in three weeks at 5.30 p.m., or at such other times as the Council of the said Society may appoint, when papers and notes on observations shall be read and discussed, specimens exhibited, and the ordinary business of the Society transacted. 3-—That each Member of the Society is entitled to introduce two friends at any Meeting. Visitors may speak and read papers with the leave of the President or Chairman of the Meeting. 4.—That field days be appointed for the purpose of making excursions to places of interest in the neighbourhood. 5.—That a terminal Subscription of 1/- be payable in advance by all Members, except Honorary Members, who shall subscribe 5/-, and that all Members who have paid five consecutive terminal Subscriptions, be exempt from any further payment. 6.—That any Member whose Subscription shall be a whole _ term in arrears shall cease to be a Member of the Society. 7-—That Members be encouraged to join Sections for the more 3 accurate study of the different branches of Natural History : that _ the formation of these be arranged, and the work settled at the first _ Meeting of each Term: that each Section be under a President, who _ is responsible for its Meetings and organisation, and that a Secretary _ be appointed by each Section to keep minutes of its proceedings, of which a summary shall appear in the Report. . 8.—That the Society issue a Report as often as the Council think fit. ; 9.—That the Officers of this Society consist of a President, x ice-President, a Secretary, and Treasurer, who, with the Presidents 10 RULES. and Secretaries of the branches, shall constitute the Council of the Society, besides the Natural Science Masters, who shall be ex-officio Members of the Council. 10.—That the duties of the President shall be to preside at Meetings, and act as general referee on all questions of order. 11.—That in the absence of the President, the Vice-President, or, in his absence, a member of the Council shall preside. 12.— That the duties of the Secretary shall be to give notice of Meetings of the Society and the Council, and to enter the minutes of Meetings in a book kept for that purpose, to collect subscriptions, and to give account of the same. 13.—That the Treasurer’s accounts, after the approval and signature of the two Auditors, to be appointed at the last Meeting of each year, be laid on the table at the first Meeting of the succeeding year. 14.—That the Officers constitute for the time being the Council of the Society, in which shall be vested all arrangements not provided for in these Rules. 15.—That the Secretary have power by a vote of the majority of Members present, at a Special or Ordinary Meeting, to erase from the list of the Society any Member whose conduct should be adverse to the interests and objects of the Society. Fees and Subscriptions are in no case to be returned, but re-election of an ex-member to be permitted during the next term. 16.—That the Members of the Society on leaving the College become corresponding Members. 17-—That no alteration be made in these rules except at a General Meeting at which 21 Members at least are present, and then only provided it is carried by a majority of two-thirds of those present. - Baines Cheltenham College Watural History Society. President: THe Rev. R. DE C. LAFFAN. Secretary: C. I. GARDINER, Esq. Treasurer: W. M. Baker, Esq. EASTER TERM, 1898. LIFE MEMBERS. Hooper Houghton Houston Johnson Kershaw Lanyon Lee, A. Levy Lloyd Macrae Marcan McLeod Medlicott Middleton Murray Neame Noad Noel, C. Noel, E. Oliver ORDINARY MEMBERS. Beazley Bentley Berry-Torr Bickerdyke Bird Bouch Bride Brinton Pery-Knox-Gore, A. Pery-Knox-Gore, W. Roberts Rollo Sington Sparrow Spencer Stuart Turnbull Turner Upton Vere Walker Wells Wheatcroft Whyte Willcox Wilson Wolff Woods Campbell J. Donald Chambers Clarke Clarke, G. M. Collett, S. Congreve Copland Corfield 12 Crosse Dicken Dixon, W. Dixon, O. Dobell Dodington Douglas Dunn Dunsterville Dyer Foord Footner Fowke Fox Fraser Fry Gardiner Garratt Glanvile Gosnall Greer Grieve Grose Haldinstein, G. Haldinstein, L. Hannam-Clarke Hamilton Handley Hare Harrison, A. Hart Hawkins, A. Hawkins, E. Hewett, G. Holliday Jenkins Adair Baines Biscoe Boothby Brettell Brierley Clarendon Collett, L. G. C.C. NATURAL Johnstone Jordan Kent Lathbury Lewer Long, J. V. T. Lousada Macalister Mackie, T. Maitland Martin, A. Martin, N. Milton, T. Milton, R. Moore, H. F. Mortimer-Booth Mortimore Moss Murray, G. Nicholls Nothmann Oakey Oppenheim Peel Penny, H. Penny, R. Phillips Piggott Ponsonby Poniing Porter Pownall Radcliffe Raper Reynolds SUMMER TERM, 1898. LIFE MEMBERS. Conran Congreve Copland Currie Dixon, W. Eldridge Fitzherbert, C. Fitzherbert, E. HISTORY SOCIETY. Rickford Roberts Rosenberg, S. Salter, W. E. Samuelson Schnurmann Sawyer Shann Sharp Shaw Seaton-Taylor Sherwill Sloan Smith, D. Spooner Stamp Stephen Stranack Suarez Symonds Talbot, S. C. Thomas, C. V. R. Thwaite, F. Thwaite, H. Tillard, A. Tillard, S. Unett Walker, M. Walter, W. White Whittuck Whyte, C. Wilkins Willis, H. Young, G. A. W. Fort Fraser Grieve Griffith Grose Haldinstein, L. Hare Harrison, A. Hart - Hawkins, C. _ Hill-Thomson - Hodson Holford _ Hooper _ Houghton Houston ~ Johnson Jordan Kershaw a. _ Armitage 5 a MEMBERS. Medlicott Middleton Moore, H. F. Moss Neame Noad Noel, C. Noel, E, Nothmann Oliver Peel Penny Pery-Knox-Gore, A. Rickford Roberts Rollo Samuelson Sanders, H. Sanders, J. Schnurmann ORDINARY MEMBERS. Cooper Corfield Cottrill Crailsheim Crosse Davids Dicken Dixon, W. Dixon, O. Dobell Dodington Douglas Dunn Dunsterville, K. Dyer Foord Footner Fowke Fox Fraser Fry Furse, C. Gardiner Garratt Geoghegan Sington Smith Sparrow Spencer Stamp Stephen Stuart Tillard, A. Turnbull Turner Upton Walker Wells Wheatcroft White Whyte Willcox Wilson Wolff Woods Glanvile Gosnall Greer Griffiths Hadden Haldinstein, G. Hannam-Clark Hamilton Handley Handy Handy, T. Harries Hawkins, E. Hewett Holliday James Jenkins Johnstone, A. A. Kent Ker, A. Lemon Long, J. V. T. Lousada Macalister Maitland 13 14 Maitland-King Martin, A. Milton, T. Milton, R. Mitchell-Dawson Mortimore Morton Moutray Murray, G. Nathan Nicholls, W. A. Nixon Oakey Ogle Oppenheim Orpen-Palmer Payne Penny, R. Phillips, C. Piggott Ponsonby Balfour, J. R. Black Boothby Brettell Clarendon Collett, L. G. Conran Congreve Copland Currie Dunsterville, K. Fitzherbert, C. Fort Fry Grieve Griffith Haldinstein, L. Hare Harrison, A. Hart Porteous Porter Pottinger Radcliffe Raper Reynolds Roberts Rosenberg, S. Rosenberg, P. Salter, W. E. Saunders, H. R. Sawyer Seaton-Taylor Shann Sharp Shaw Sherwill Sloan Spooner Steel Stranack LIFE MEMBERS. Hawkins, E. Hill-Thomson Hodson Holford Houston Jordan Kent Lathbury Lee, A. Levy Lewer Lloyd Mackie, T. Macrae Maitland Marcan Martin, N. Medlicott Milton, T. Moore, H. F. C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Symonds Talbot, S. C. Thomas, C. V. R. Thomson Thwaite, F. Thwaite, H. Tillard, S. Trewheler, A. Trewheler, V. Turner Unett Walker, M. Weddell Wheeler Whittuck Whyte Wilkins Wilson, W. A. Young Young, G. A. W. MICHAELMAS TERM, 1808. Moss Murray, G. Murray, M. Neame Noad Noel, E. Oliver Peel Penny, H. Ponsonby Porter Roberts Samuelson Sanders, H. Sharp Sington Sparrow Spencer Stephens Stranack — Stuart _ Tillard, A. _ Turner Upton _ Adams " Adamthwaite, C. E. _ Adamthwaite, C. J. _ Anderson - Armitage Aston Balfour, H. _ Beadon MEMBERS, Walter Wells White ORDINARY MEMBERS. Dill Dixon, O. Dobell Dodington Dunn Dunsterville, G. Elworthy Exham Ferguson Flack Foord Footner Fowke Fox Fraser Furse, C. Gardiner Garratt Gatacre Geoghegan Glanvile Greer Griffiths Grose Grylls Hadden Haldinstein G. Hamilton Handley Handy Harriés Holliday Howlden James Jenkins Johnston, R. Johnstone, A. A. Ker, A. Knowling Lemon Lesser Lewis Long 15 Willcox Wilson Wolff Lowther Macalister Macintosh Maitland-King Martin, A. Meyers Milton, R. Mitchell-Dawson Moore Morton la Motte Moutray Nathan Nicholls Nixon Norton Oakey Ogle Oppenheim Oppenheim, D. Orpen-Palmer Payne Paxton Penny, R. de Perigny Perkins Phillips, C. Piggott Porteous Porter, M. T. Pottinger Quill Radcliffe Raper Rendle Rosenberg, P. Rosenberg, S. Salter, W. E. Saward Sawyer Seaton-Taylor Shann Shaw, G. H. 16 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Sherwill Thomas, C. V. R. Weddell Simpson Thrupp Whittuck. Sloan Thwaite, F. Wilkins Solomon, L. Thwaite, H. Williams Stockwell Trewheler, V. Wilson, W. A. Studd, E. G. Unett Young Talbot, S. C. Walter, A. T. C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 17 LECTURES AND EXCURSIONS. ...Lecture on Rontgen Rays, by Dr. Ferguson. ...-Lecture on Electric Lamps, Ee H. Kilgour, Esq. ... Excursion to Colesbourne. ..-Excursion to Wainlode Cliff. ..-Excursion to Andoversford. ...Excursions to Tewkesbury and Birdlip. ...Lecture on Shooting Stars, a W.G. Borchardt, Esq. '...Lecture on Early Man in the Cotteswolds, by J. Witts, Esq. ...Lecture on the Romance of Astronomy, by A. A. Bourne, Esq. 18 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. LISt OF ARTICLES PRESENTEDSTS THE MUSEUM DURING 1898. April...Minerals from Krugersdorf, S. Africa, by W. H. Stansfeld, O.C. May ...Birds’ Nests (British), by L. Bullock-Webster, C. 5 3 by G, L. Collett, C. ” ” Pa by —. Penny, C. June ...Corals, by Mrs, Pagan. July ...“ Solitary Wasp’s” Nest, by N. M. Jenkins, C. Eight Birds’ Nests, by Dr. Wilson. Sept....Wasps’ Nest, by Mrs. Cade. Blind Worm (in bottle), by —. Noel, C. Oct. ...Wasps’ Nest, by S. C. Talbot, C. Several articles from Chili, by J. L. and F. C. Prain, O.C’s. Nov. ... Head of Bush-bock, by T. Griffiths, Esq. - Nest of Weaver Bird, by —. Dixon, C. Dec. ... Box containing Fossils, by W. E. H. Lecky, Esq., O.C. Globe Fish from Barbadoes, by —. Willoughby, C. C.C, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 19; BKWeports from Sections. Gare 2 ae ARCHAEOLOGICAL SECTION. President: A. S. OwEN, Esq. Secretary: G. R. MuRRAy. MEMBERS ! T. Boucu. E. A. H. JAMEs. J. R. B. BALFOUR. R. GLANVILE. H. R. C. BALFour. St. G. J. C. HEATH. M. A. WOLFF. RCHAEOLOGISTS had a good chance of doing work at the general excursions of the Society this year, as on three there were ancient buildings to be seen. On the Deerhurst expedition there were the two old churches dating from pre- Conquest days, to be inspected. On the expedi- tion to Andoversford, a contingent armed with cameras made an invasion of Whittington rch, with its quaint carvings and ancient effigies. While Tewk- with the magnificent Norman Abbey and medieval street chitecture made an excellent meeting place for the third expedition. As well as these excursions, in which the whole Society could part, there was an expedition on bicycles, in September, to urst and Tewkesbury, for members of the Archaeological ion, when these places were studied with greater minuteness. 20 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. The President of the Section hopes that it will be possible to arrange more of these small excursions during 1899. A most interesting lecture was given to the Society by G. B. Witts, Esq., on prehistoric man, and the life of those early inhabitants of the Cotswolds was reconstructed with extraordinary ingenuity from the illustrations afforded by local antiquities. Camps, roads and burrows for miles around were made to yield their secrets and disclose:*the events of a very remote past. On the table were skulls from Belas Knapp, and prehistoric stone implements, the sharpness of which was really phenomenal. We must thank Mr. Witts for a very kind offer of an excellent map of local antiquities for the Museum, and also for the proposal to take some members of the Society round Leckhampton Camp, an offer which was gratefully accepted by some present for the next Sunday. C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 21 BOTANICAL SECTION. B SENIOR. ' ry President - - Rev. J. R. WyNNE-EpwarDs. Secretary - - C. H.C. Noap (1). JUNIOR. President - - F.J. CADE, Esq. WORKING MEMBERS: SENIOR, M. L. Currie (2). T. M. SALTER, S?. J. A. PorTincER, P. Boucu, Bo. G. A. W. Youne (3) VY. G. G. GRIFFITHS. A. Hopson (2). G. B. Lemon, Z. H. OGLE, O. H. R. SANDERS (3). S. R. V. CLERK, C. W. E. SALTER, Sa. (1) Winner of Prize in 1895. (2) oF ” ” 1896. A (3) 5553 1898. JUNIOR. G. MARSDEN, Ma. A. A. ROBERTS, a. E. Morris, d/o. F. Rosperts, Af Brownine, Br. _E. M. Mutuiken, 1, W.R. F. Ryan, &. MITcHELL-Dawson, G. PERKINS, Pg. C. R. Witson, W. D. H. Perkins, Ph. ; —. Youne, Vo. G. PORCHER, 7. | W. R. PATERSON, fa. E. A. OSBORNE, Os. 22 C.Cc. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. SENIOR DEPARTMENT. E have again to record the results of a successful season, but we must especially congratulate Banks, of the Junior Department, who suc- ceeded in breaking all previous records by getting 392 specimens, exclusive of Rushes, Sedges and Grasses, besides drying and mounting a very creditable collection of these, which are excluded from the Junior competition. In the Senior competition there were nine competitors, of whom the following got over 50 specimens :—H. R. Sanders 275 and G. A. W. Young 267 tied for the prize, Ogle 118, Clark 110, Pottinger 386, Unett 85, Lemon 52, T. Bouch 50. In consequence of the almost total absence of cold weather last Winter, some very curious specimens were found in the early part of the year—they must have been partly late flowerings surviving from the Autumn before, but many of them were genuine Spring flowerings. We append a list of the most remarkable cases, Jan. 17 .. lLapsana Communis (Nipplewort). 3 17... Draba Verna (Whitlow Grass). »> 17... Primula Vulgaris (Primrose). », 18 .. Geum Urbanum (Wood Avens). 3, 18 .. Lamium Galeobdolon (Yellow Dead Nettle). 3, 18 .. Crepis Virens (Hawkbit). », 20 .. Tussilago Farfara (Coltsfoot). »» 22 .. Primula Veris (Cowslip). », 28 .. Salix Capraea (Willow). »» 30 .. Veronica Chamaedrys (Germander Speedwell). 2 .. Nepeta Glechoma (Ground Ivy). 2 .. Ajuga Reptans (Bugle). »» 2.» Linaria Cymballaria (Ivy-leaved Toadflax). 2 Fragaria Vesca (True Strawberry). 2 Lychnis Diurna (Red Campion). », 10 .. Anagallis Arvensis (Scarlet Pimpernel). »» 10 .. Borago Officinalis (Borage). ; 3, 12 .. Cardamine Pratensis (Cuckoo Flower). »> 14 «- Ranunculus Acris (Buttercup). » 15 .. Carduus Nutans (Musk Thistle). »» 21. Sonchus Oleraceus (Sow Thistle). >, 22 .. Ranunculus Repens (Buttercup). », 28 .- Stellaria Holostea (Stitchwort). Mar.17 .. Scilla Nutans (Hyacinth). ») 20 .. Adoxa Moschatellina (Moschatel). BOTANICAL SECTION. 23 Apparently the colder winds of April and May were sufficient to retard vegetation generally, as the late Spring and Summer flowers were rather later than usual. During the Summer Term there were three expeditions, to Coles- bourne on May 22nd, to Andoversford on June 2 sth, and a special Botanical expedition to Tewkesbury on July roth. JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. Tue work of this year has been done almost entirely by one boy, P. d@’A. Banks, who has beaten the records of both Senior and Junior _ Departments. He soon got so far ahead that it took the heart out of the other competitors. His record of 392 is remarkable, and includes - many plants not observed here before. Among these may be noted: Cochlearia officinalis, Cotyledon umbilicus, Armeria plantaginea, _ Lithospermum officinale, Pulmonaria officinalis, which last appeared to be truly wild, though it is said to be indigenous in very few spots in the kingdom. In one place, the precise locality of which it would be unwise to mention, he found Parnassia palustris, Menyanthes trifoliata, _ Epipactus palustris, Pinguicula vulgaris. The number of ferns shown, _ too, is noticeable in a place so singularly deficient in them. The next in order were: R. I. H. Kinloch ... oe 170 A. A. L. Roberts... sa 157 E. A. Osborne ee ba 115 H. de C. Falle By ae 107 G. Perkins me eis 89 H. Perkins ane i 85 W. R. F. Ryan jet bes 73 LIST OF FIRST FLOWERINGS. x Latin Name. English Name. Date. Record. Clematis Vitalba .. Traveller’s Joy .. July 15.. B. ; Anemone Nemorosa .. Wood Anemone .. Mar. 2.. B. - Ranunculus Aquatilis .. Water Crowfoot .. May 1.. K. of Flammula .. Spearwort «» June 17.. B. » Ficaria .. Celandine .. Jan. 30.. R, Ra, Rf, 2 Sceleratus .. Celery-leaved Crowfoot .. June 22.. B. [Mo, K. 35 Auricomus .. Goldilocks .. Mar. 31.. B. 24 Latin Name. Ranunculus Acris nr Repens ad Bulbosus Ae Arvensis A Hederaceus Thalictrum Flavum a Helleborus Viridis Caltha Palustris Aquilegia Vulgaris Berberis Vulgaris Nuphar Lutea Nymphzea Alba Papaver Rhoeas 59 Dubium ae Argemone Chelidonium Majus Fumaria Officinalis Corydalis Lutea Barbarea Vulgaris Nasturtium Officinale 5 Palustre aa Amphibium Arabis Hirsuta Cardamine Amara oH Pratensis + Impatiens a Hirsuta Hesperis Matronalis Sisymbrium Officinale Alliaria Officinale Erysimum Cheiranthoides.. Brassica Muralis », Oleracea >, Campestris 35, Alba >> Sinapistrum » Nigra Cochlearia Armoracia 5 Officinalis Draba Muralis +) . erma we Thlaspi Arvense te Capsella Bursa-pastoris Lepidium Campestre “A Draba 4) Smithii 56 Senebiera Coronopus oe English Name. Common Buttercup Corn Buttercup Water Crowfoot Meadow Rue Green Hellebore Marsh Marigold Columbine Common Barberry Yellow Water Lily White Water Lily Field Poppy Long-headed Poppy Pale Poppy Common Celandine . Fumitory Yellow ie Yellow Rocket Common Water Cress Marsh 3 Great A Hairy Rock Cress Large Bitter Cress Cuckoo Flower Narrow-leaved Bitter Cress Hairy Bitter Cress Dame’s Violet Yellow Hedge Mustard .. Garlic Mustard Treacle Mustard Wall Brassica Cabbage Field Brassica Cultivated Mustard Charlock Black Mustard Horse Radish Scurvy Grass Wall Whitlow Grass Common 7 Penny Cress Shepherd's Purse Common Pepperwort Hoary Cress Smith’s ,, Wart Cress C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Date. . Feb. . Feb. . April . May . July .. July . Feb. . Feb. . May . May . June . June .. May .. May Record. 14.. B, Mo. Coder bel oy AR slit 275) ee 192% |G DAN h seer 28.0 CAG. 28.. M, B, Mo. 29.. B. uy ee 13 19:3 Bs 16 237 Bs 19:.¢ By Scale ieee rs aed e 220. abla: Be 1S (Ge Bea en Arenal 28... Bs This, indy be T2» Sepium 9» sativa », Lathyroides Lathyrus Pratensis “ Sylvestris Bs Macrorrhizus Prunus Communis » Cerasus »» Padus Spiraea Ulmaria », Filipendula Geum Urbanum Rubus Idaeus », Fruticosus » Corylifolius » Caesius Fragaria Vesca English Name. Yellow Balsam Maple Sycamore Holly Spindle Tree Buckthorn Gorse Dyer’s Greenweed Broom Rest Harrow Spiny ,, Lucern Nonsuch Melilot Hare’s Foot Trefoil Alsike Clover Crimson ,, Purple) 5 Dutch ,, Hop Trefoil Lesser ,, Bird’s Foot Trefoil Kidney Vetch Horse-Shoe Vetch Sainfoin Slender Vetch Hairy Ts Tufted) i> Wood es Bush as Common ,, Spring ,, Yellow ,, Everlasting ,, Tuberous Bitter Blackthorn Cherry Bird Cherry Meadowsweet Dropwort Wood Avens Raspberry Common Blackberry Hazel Leaved ,, Dewberry True Strawberry oo July aa - May os.. .. Marchi7.. . May 15.. . June iz2e. . Janie os JUDE 22,% . May 27.. Date. oo JUDER EOL: .. May os, Mayan vine .. May 7») (Mayes =) (nee Jan. 28 » Juba - June t.. July 9.. oo July aes . April 25.. June 1I.. ~« July oe .» May 27. . May 8.. oe JUNE RAs . May to. »» May ea . May to. va DE ae + June. Acr . May 8. oo J Une ner. « Feb, 2... ry) 15. bi Hb Oo mh ee Record. B. oe R.B. Ra, Pg, Ph, F, “a . w VY, Sa. R, K, Ra, Rf. f Latin Name. Potentilla Fragariastrum PA Reptans a Tormentilla Anserina Alchemilla Vulgaris Sanguisorba Officinalis _ Poterium Sanguisorba _ Agrimonia Eupatoria Rosa Canina », Arvensis _ Pyrus Communis Malus ced _, + Aucuparia » Aria »> Torminalis 4 Crataegus Oxyacantha _ Epilobium Angustifolium .. “4 Hirsutum bs Parviflorum s Montanum ” Tetragonum Reiccaca Lutetiana _ Oenothera Biennis _ Lythrum Salicaria _ Bryonia Dioica - Cotyledon Umbilicus ~ Sedum Rhodiola >» Album » Acre » Rupestre » Telephium -Ribes Grossularia »» Rubrum Saxifraga Granulata a Tridactylites 3 Umbrosa 4 Chrysosplenium Oppositi- Z — folium 39 Segetum icula Europea Alternifeline . re BOTANICAL SECTION, English Name. Barren Strawberry Creeping Cinquefoil Tormentil Silverweed Lady’s Mantle Great Burnet Salad - 5; Agrimony Dog Rose Trailing ,, Pear Apple Mountain Ash Beam Tree Service Tree Hawthorn Rose-bay Willow Merb Hairy ” ” Small-flowered Herb Common “A Square Willow ,, Enchanter’s Nightshade. . Evening Primrose Purple Loosestrife Bryony Pennywort Rose-root Stonecrop White +5 Biting a Rock a Orpine Houseleek Gooseberry Red Currant Meadow Saxifrage Red-leaved ,, London Pride Golden Saxifrage ” 3° Grass of Parnassus Hedge Sison Caraway ” Wood Sanicle Celery Procumbent Celery Goutweed 27 Date. Record, Bejan ya. . May 22.. Bo. . May 1o.. Ra, B. . May 22.. B, Os. April 7.. St. .. June 12.. F7.R.W-E . May 3.. B. . June to.. S, Y. -. June 7.. K, B, Os, vs duly, ©O.. oe . May 5.. B. »» May 11.. B. . June 4.. K, B. . May 1.. B. . July to.. Y. .. July 8.. Ra, F. “thy! 76 Be . June to.. B. July 6.. B. seyulyy o1.s sine . May 31.. K, B. Rat NELLy, ogee ke . June 28.. B. -. June 12.. B. ren Bly 3.005, O- ae July -17.. B: .» May »5.. R. «» May 1.. B. «» June 17.. B. PAY 27.0. -. May 15.. B. sab Anen 20 nes .. Feb. 28.. ¥.R.W-E. DIED tan arenas +. July rg.. B. te July 25... B: wie ULyea 7etibe .. May 8.. B. July 7's. Bi .. July 1.. B. es June 1r.. B. 28 Latin Name. Petroselinum Sativa Pimpinella Saxifraga Oenanthe Fistulosa - Phellandrium Silaus Pratensis Aethusa Cynapium Angelica Sylvestris Pastinaca Sativa Heracleum Spondylium Scandix Pecten-veneris Bunium Flexuosum Chaerophyllum Sylvestre .. ” Temulum .. 5) Anthriscus.. Caucalis Nodosa 5 Anthriscus Daucus Carrota Conium Maculatum Smyrnium Olusatrum Viscum Album Cornus Sanguinea Adoxa Moschatellina Sambucus Nigra Viburnum Lantana “ Opulus Lonicera Periclymenum Galium Cruciatum >», VWerum »» Palustre », Uliginosum » oaxatile », Mollugo », Aparine Asperula Odorata op Cynanchica Sherardia Arvensis Valeriana Officinalis a Dioica Valerianella Olitoria Centranthus Ruber Dipsacus Pilosus fA Sylvestris Scabiosa Succisa A Columbaria A Arvensis Eupatorium Cannabinum ,. Tussilago Farfara a Petasites c.Cc. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. English Name. Date. Record. Parsley Burnt Saxifrage Water Dropwort . May 28.. K. Fine Leaved ,, o July eis Pepper Saxifrage « July, 10:41; Fool's Parsley : May, stos.) Bs Angelica . July, 17.5 n Parsnip » May. Bone. Cow Parsnip ., May. —i., JB. Shepherd’s Needle > june) 22s. Earth Nut > May a7aneb. Wild Chervil . Jan 30.. JB: Rough ,, Burr «¢ June” Sree Hedge Parsley, Knotted.. June 28.. B. 4 7) aUpright’.. July) 7c Carrot »» UDCA TS ene Hemlock . June 28.. B. Alexanders .» April 26) ast. Misletoe . Feb. 16.,.B. Dogwood «. May 10. aG od. Moschatel . Mar. 20.,,-B; Elder «. May 23,796. Wayfaring Tree . May). .9 be Guelder Rose . June 7 eon Honeysuckle . May 23.. B. Crosswort « May" te oage. Yellow Bedstraw . June 22.. B. Marsh “ «s JUby aes Bog ” a July IGieus Rock a: os July Jona be Great Hedge Bedstraw .. May 21.. B. Cleavers «. May 222 Sai lags Woodruff . May 4.. B. Squinancywort ve July. 3c See Field Madder .» May 7.. B, Mo. Great Valerian . May’ 17... 18. Marsh ,, oo May 912) ces Lamb’s Lettuce . May 15.. B. Red Valerian .. June,,19.. B- Small Teasel . July 16.. K, Ra, B Common ,, se July. (2osaBo Devil’s-bit Scabious -» July 9..) Rab. Small +3 « July 1825/8268: Field a - June 25.2. R55: Hemp Agrimony . July 916 Be Colt’s Foot »» Jan} «202.8. Butterbur se JAN 2Site poy — Latin Name. _ Gnaphalium Gallicum 59 Sylvaticum j ‘Inuia Dysenterica 4, Coniza », Pulicaria ,, Helenium _ Solidago Virga-aurea Bellis Perennis i” i themum.. a> Inodorum.. 5A Segetum .. 4 Matricaria Chamomilla Anthemis Cotula ”? Sylvaticus Erucifolius Ess . Aquaticus Bis Jacobaea Arctium Lappa Acanthoides Lanceolatus ~ » Palustris 5, Arvensis a2 5, Pratensis Fp 4, Acaulis ve Pycnocephalus Scabiosa ais Cyanus opedon Pratensis ithia Echioides cacum Dens-leonis ., ‘Chrysanthemum Leucan- BOTANICAL SECTION. English Name. Narrow Cudweed Wood Cudweed Fleabane Ploughman’s Spikenard Small Fleabane Elecampane Golden Rod Daisy Dog Daisy Feverfew Corn Marigold Camomile Stinking Mayweed Corn Camomile Yarrow Sneezewort Tansy Mugwort Grounsel Wood Grounsel Narrow-leaved Ragwort.. Marsh a Common 4 Burdock A Sawwort ., Musk Thistle Welted ,, Spear ,, Marsh _,, Creeping ,, Meadow ,, Dwarf ,, Slender ,, Woolly ,, Carline ,, Black Knapweed Scabious 5 Cornflower Goat’s Beard Ox-tongue Hawkweed Picris Hawkbit Cat’s Ear Wall Lettuce Corn Sow Thistle Common ,, Dandelion Date. .. May . May . June . June . July . July #iJan: July See lft hy .» July .. July .. July » Feb: v= June . July . May . June -. July .. July » July July .. June . July .. July .. May -. July . June . May . June .. Feb. . May - Jan. pee bP Be ob PO bo i = n ee ee Se 29 Record. ee Br. Bees te ON i) B. N rg a ; 2 a el PHS WO bn Q N Q . Pg, Ph, 3° c.C, Latin Name. Crepis Virens ve », Biennis »> Taraxacifolia ae Hieracium Pilosella a a Murorum ve Aurantiacum .. Cichoriumi Intybus as Lapsana Communis Campanula Glomerata a Trachelium ss Rapunculoides.. =: Rotundifolia .. Hybrida ne Monottana Hypopitys se Primula Veris » Vulgaris 55 », Elatior ne Lysimachia Vulgaris oe a Nemorum.. 5 Nummularia .. Anagallis Arvensis Ye Pinguicula Vulgaris Ba: Fraxinus Excelsior os Ligustrum Vulgare Vinca Major » Minor ae Erythrae Centaurium Gentiana Campestris Menyanthes Trifoliata ve Limnanthemum Nymphae- oides Chlora Perfoliata a Convolvulus Arvensis ae Sepium 54 Bama Vulgare A Myosotis Palustris oe », Arvensis ate », Collina ie » Versicolor a8 » Sylvatica se Repens ie Pulbinenetia Officinalis ae Lithospermum Officinale .. Anchusa Semper-virens .. Symphytum Officinale oe Borago Officinalis es Cynoglossum Officinale .. Hyoscyamus Niger os English Name. Common Crepis Rough As Beaked Ae Mouse-ear Hawkweed Wall 7 Orange “¢ Succory Nipplewort Clustered Bell Flower Nettle-leaved ,, Creeping 3 Harebell Corn Ball Flower Bird’s Nest Cowslip Primrose Oxlip Yellow Loosestrife Moneywort Creeping Jenny Scarlet Pimpernel Butterwort Ash Privet Greater Periwinkle Lesser “5; Centaury Common Gentian Buckbean Yellowwort Small Bind Weed Great Ar Viper’s Bugloss True Forget-me-not Field 55 Early * Changing ,, Wood Creeping ,, Lungwort Gromwell Alkanet Comfrey Borage Hound’s-tongue Henbane NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Date. . Jan. -. May . June .. May . May .. June . July . Jan. . June . July .. July +» July +. June . July +s Jan. . Jan. .» April . May . July .. Feb. . June +» June . June . April .. July . July +. June +. July . June +. June .. July .. June +.» June . May .. May .- May «. May ». May +. June .. May .. May .. Feb. +. June Record. 17.6) IK, bs 19.. B. 25.. S, Bo, Sa. I9.. B. 31.. B. 25 Sake g.. Ra, F. r3e0 Be 25... 5, Us 13.. B. 28.. B. 3.» O- 17 cise Where 222. B. T7e es 25.. St 15.. B. 4ua Be 1o.. B. 17 be ioe ts Bir PVe 22 a ote 1O., Sank 2A eV 17ve Be 12.1 Ns L- 17 tombe 225 aie Pelee Nia 12s Sse Bate IO sD 18.. Bo. 8.. St, K,B 4.. B. 4.. B. 30.6 B: 4.. K, 10.. B. 19,. B Latin Name. Solanum Dulcamara ; a Nigrum _ Atropa Belladonna _ Lathraea Squamaria - Orobanche Major ( ‘Verbascum Thapsus 4 a Nigrum Linaria Vulgaris a Minor Cymballaria ‘Veronica Serpyllifolia a, Officinalis Ae Anagallis a Beccabunga ss Montana » Chamaedrys x Hederaefolia a Agrestris a Buxbaumii ss Arvensis tsia Odontites phrasia Officinalis inanthus Cristi-galli icularis Palustris Ae Sylvatica lampyrum Pratense Mentha Aquatica 5) +Sativa 5, Arvensis ; _ Rotundifolia amintha Acinos Clinopodium Officinalis Sebiim Vulgare chys Betonica Sylvatica Palustris Arvensis . Corn B BOTANICAL SECTION. English Name. Date, Record, Bitter Sweet . June 4.. B. .. Black Nightshade . July 8.. CLG. +» Deadly ,, + + June 7,. K, B. +» Toothwort .. May 8.. B. .» Great Broomrape .. July 7.. B. »-» Common Mullein -. June 12.. B. +e Black sy -.» July 17.. B. .» Yellow Toad Flax -. June 28.. S. -» Lesser re .. July 1... B. .. Ivy-leaved ,, «. Feb. 2.. B, Mo, -» Round 9 -« Knotted Figwort -. May 17.. K. .» Marsh 3 -. June 13.. B, +» Monkey Flower .» Foxglove . June 19.. B. . Thyme- envedSpeateel! - May 1... B. Common a +» June 17.. B. . Water BA +. June 17.. K, Brooklime BS -. May 27.. B. Mountain re) wie May | 3), B. Germander JB) One ELS aged ee . Ivy-leaved syncs HeDs TQ...) Ds -» Procumbent A: +» Jan. 17.. K. .. Buxbaum’s x» «+ Feb. 28.. St. . Wall a5 .. May 15.. Pg, Ph. -. Red Bartsia -. July o9.. B .. Eye-bright »» July o.. B. . Yellow Rattle -» May 24.. L. -» Marsh Lousewort -» May 15.. C. .. Common BA -. May 1.. B. .. Cow Wheat .. May 21.. S. . Water Mint . Whorled,, .. July 23.. C.LG. . Corn B; +. July 20.. S. -» Round-leaved Mint +. July 29.. B. .» Thyme June 7.. B. Marjoram .» July 15.. B. Basil Thyme .» June 28.. B. Wild Basil -» July 15.. S,C,B. .» Common Calamint -» Ground Ivy .. Feb. 2,. K. .» Self Heal June 17.. B,C. +» Scull Cap .. June 30.. S. .» White Horehound -- June 28.. B. . Betony June 17.. S. -» Hedge Woundwort June 13.. B. -» Marsh Woundwort -» July 17.. B. 31 32 Latin Name. Galeopsis Ladanum Ballota Nigra Lamium Purpureum 9 Album - ES Maculatum a a5 Galeobdolon Ar Amplexicaule Incisum Tenchi Scorodonia Ajuga Reptans Armeria Plantaginea Plantago Major + Media ay Lanceolata Chenopodium Bonus- Henricus.. Urbicum “4 Murale “ Album Atriplex Patula Rumex Acetosa Acetosella Obtusifolius 5 Crispus = Hydropathalium Polygonum Fagopyrum Aviculare Convolvulus Amphibium Persicaria Lapathafolium.. Euphorbia Helioscopia a Peplus ” Exigua A Amygdaloides a Platyphyllos .- Lathyris eerenete Perennis IC Urtica Urens » Dioica es Parietaria Officinalis as Humulus Lupulus Ulmus Campestris » Montana oe Alnus Glutinosa Pe Betula Alba Carpinus Betulus e Corylus Avellana ae English Name. Hemp Nettle Black Horehound Red Dead Nettle White ,. Spotted ,, Yellow ,, Henbit ,, Small _ ,, Wood Germander Bugle Plantain Thrift Great Plantain Hoary ;, Ribwort ,, Good King Henry Upright Goosefoot Nettle-leaved ,, White ae Orache Common Sorrel Sheep’s es Common Dock Curled -" Water ” Buckwheat Knot Grass Black Bindweed Amphibious Bistort Persicaria Pale Bistort Sun Spurge Petty ;, Small ,, Wood ,, Broad ,, Caper ;, Dog’s Mercury Small Nettle Common ,, Pellitory-of-the- Wall Hop Common Elm Wych D Alder Birch Hornbeam Hazel Nut C.c. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Date. . July . June . Jan. . Jan. . Mar. J eyau .. May 7. Pebz .. July . Feb. . June . June . June . May .. May . July . July . May . May May .» July . July . July .. July .. July . May . Feb. . Jan. . June . Mar. . June . Jan. . June .. May .» July .. July . Feb. .. May .. Feb. . May =a) an, AS 28.. yo 5 er 28.. LSJ. IG: 28.. 14ue wre PHO ne DP bd pd bd bt 7 po be G ise = wae Pa Latin Name. Fagus Sylvatica ar 5, Purpurea e 5, Fragilis - eeclba as opulus Nigra ar Sparganum Ramosum Acorus Calamus Tay Palustris Se] Biiinthera Graniifior . era Ovata ottia Nidusavis Maculata Mascula Latifolia Pyramidalis Conopsea naria Bifolia ninium Monorchis phrys Apifera » Muscifera Pseudacorus wt ircissus Pseudonarcissus .. nthus Nivalis us Communis ae Quadrifolia ronatum Officinale Multiforum .. galum UmbeHatum.. Jrsinum 56 BOTANICAL SECTION. English Name. Beech Oak Sallow Willow Purple .,, Crack; White ,, Black Poplar Scotch Fir 3 Yew : Bulrush Branched Bur-reed Sweet Flag Lords and Ladies Pondweed Flowering Rush Arrowhead Water Plantain Arrowgrass Broad -Helleborine Marsh rh Large mp Twayblade Bird’s-nest Orchid Green-winged ,, Spotted # Early Purple ,, Marsh Fr Pyramidal a Fragrant 33 Butterfly 3 Musk ay Bee ap F ly » Yellow Flag Lent Lily Snowdrop Black Bryony Herb Paris’ Angular Solomon’s Beall. Common a5 Lily-of-the-Valley Wild Hyacinth Star of Bethlehem Garlic Common Rush Jointed ,, Hard nA Obtuse_ ,, 3 Date. Record. ve May, - 51. oe: -- May 8.. B. . Jan. 28.. B. ~ May “22256 oe. May S$ 7S! ve Mar° 1g: 8: .» Feb. 15.. R, B. oa July gee: - July 1... K. -» April 15.. St. ve wyyeron!.S, VY. wat Uy ahyL. SRS nee tly, 4, BE - June 28.. B. «6 June 22%4B: ws July SaltG.7.G. say SDEpter gnc Be so JUnetAR AY -» May 15.. St. «« June 4..B. oe Maye xen B: se May 31... 4B. ; April’ 25.4) Se we jane. Te B: engine? 22eNeSWViKO Sa. Se itly, 20%. tb, = june 27) rBi oe July ere - BI =: Juneven7 2 7B. 5. june 67 Os: =a june erty Be ~ Max 23.3 B. a Pebyenget B: > May2ose'B. . - May. *n:2)-B. May 8.. St. -. May 18.. B. .. May i1.. B. < Mam ery eB) - May 1... R. Se juMe «12. 9. julys 3s Sy Ys sar jaly 10.. S5. Yi. 4 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Latin Name. Luzula Pilosa ae Eriophorum Polystachyum.. Scirpus Sylvaticus ve » Palustris or Carex Praecox » Pendula », Glauca oe Blysmus Compressus ve Anthoxanthum Odoratum .. Phalaris Canaricus af Phleum Pratense ee Alopecurus Pratensis ee - Geniculatus .. ay Agrestis 4 Calamagrostis Epigeios .. Avena Fatua ; ArrhenatherumAvenaceum.. Holcus Lanatus » Mollis Be Hordeum Pratense ae As Murinum i Lolium Perenne oe Bromus Sterilis ae Dactylis Glomerata ae Briza Media Poa Annua te »» Pratensis »» Nemoralis ate » Fluitans ats Melica Uniflora ate Equisetum Palustre a Arvense Ophioglossum Vulgatum Polypodium Vulgare A Phegopteris .. Aspidium Filix-mas 3c ° Aculeatum 4c AS Angulare Asplenium Ruta-muraria a Trichomanes .. ay Felix-foemina .. Scolopendrium Vulgare Ceterach Officinarum Pteris Aquilina English Name. Date. Record. Wood Rush .» May 22.. Y,L. Cotton Grass oc sav Be Wood Scirpus Marsh ,, +» July 1240)S,ve Early Sedge -» May to.. B. Pendulous ,, ae oe. Slee Glaucous ,, «» May §8.. St. ‘Broad Blismus »» July 1o.. S, Y. Vernal Grass es May 22.. L,C, Y¥. Canary ,, ie we BG Timothy ,, 43 seth Ee Meadow Foxtail Grass .. May 18.. L. Marsh a jp ow, JUNG BZ eis Slender o AO ar tie (BE Smallreed vo July a4. Wild Oat oc wae False ,, sc .. B Common Holcus ». July ton Us Soft ds le side Meadow Barley ee i L/Be Wall s3 ve . F.RW-E. Darnel oe July 10.40 Me Barren Brome sc #ei Be Cock’s-foot Grass +. June 12.. S,O. Quaking ~ «- July 19.. S, U. Common Meadow Grass.. Jan. 17.. S. Smooth * as Wood ” ” Floating ‘5 o9 «oe July YOse.S: Wood Melick Marsh Horse-tail «. June 17.. S. Field & = oo Be Adder’s Tongue Ac #. Be Common Polypody eo Jan. ee Be Beech aa a oils Male Fern te .. B. Prickly Shield Fern .. June .. B. “p # 55 .. May 24.. B. Wall Rue Spleenwort .. July 14.. Y. Black aS AE . B. Lady Fern oe .. B. Hart’s Tongue oo Jan. 17.0 ¥ Scaly Fern we . B Bracken +. July 24.. Y. C.Cc, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 35 ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION. President: J. W. SALTER, Esq. HE new conditions under which the prize for the best collection was offered did not result in any keen competition : a return to the old rules will probably take place next term. H. F. B. S. Moore won the prize. His collection was chiefly remarkable for — including a Mazarine Blue and a Camberwell Beauty —the latter a German specimen. The expedition to Deerhurst and Wainlode Hill was disappointing from an entomological point of view—that to Birdlip was far more successful ; and we were able to get an almost unlimited supply of Marbled Whites. Collectors who want Fritillaries (High Brown, Silver Wash, and Dark Green) may like to know that there were a large number last year at the lower corner of the Chedworth Woods (to the right, just beyond Withington). The time to go for them is just at the end of the Summer term, and it is an easy distance to cycle on a half-holiday. There were a number of Purple Hair-streaks _ in the same place last August, but they are difficult to catch, unless _ taken by surprise on the low oak-clumps. Intending collectors are asked to give in their names early next term. 36 c.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. GEOLOGICAL SECTION. President: C. I. GARDINER, Esq. AHE excursions to Wainlode and Whittington were the ones which proved best for the hammer- bearers. At Wainlode, where the White Lias is seen over the New Red Sandstone, several fish remains were found, but the search for these was conducted under rather difficult and 3 dangerous conditions, owing to the perpen- dicularity of es eet and the possibility of immersion in the Severn if one lost one’s foothold. At Whittington we went up to the exposure of the Stonesfield slate to the North where we found the typical fossil of those beds Ostr@a Acuminata and also a specimen of Ammonites. During the year several small excursions have been made to © Leckhampton where fossils have been collected by Wolff, Haldinstein, and others. Several of these have been put in the Museum. We are still in want of a good collection of fossils from the Leckhampton Hill brickpit, and as this is not a mile from the College it is to be hoped that some member of the Society will manage to procure us some specimens. As mentioned in the Preface, a collection of fossils has been presented to the Museum by the Rev. E. Montford. The most important gaps in our general collection have been in the Primary and in the later Tertiary beds.. The collection made by the Rey. E. T. Griffiths, and presented in 1897 by his son, has gone a long way to filling up the void in our collection where the Early Primary fossils should have been. This collection, every one of the fossils from which has been labelled as coming from “The Griffiths’ Collection,” was especially rich in Trilobites, some of the specimens from the Wenlock Limestone of Malvern and Dudley being hardly possible to beat. Other specimens from the Gault and other later beds were also of great value. GEOLOGICAL SECTION, 37 While this presentation was therefore of very great value, the Montford collection was no less welcome. For the specimens, which are not yet arranged, will be found to represent the Carboniferous Limestone remarkably well. The fish remains and plant remains being particularly good and the bivalves very well preserved. Another great addition will be the remains of Mammalia from the Norfolk Forest Bed, some of the jaw bones and deer’s antlers being splendid specimens. A further account of this collection will be given next year, after the specimens have been properly displayed and named. When they are set out they will be seen to be a collection for which we owe our very deepest thanks to the Rev. E. Montford, who has sO generously given it to us. 38 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. ORNITHOLOGICAL SECTION. President - M. TANNER, Esq. Working Members : Li. BuLLocK-WEBSTER denoted by B.W. R. HADDEN a3 Isl? F. W. A. WELLS i W. G. YOUNG 7 ¥.. W. H. Leir 7s L. A. K. Hanpy i Hy. L. G. COLLETT W. M. CoNGREVE. URING the season the best work done has been that of Bullock-Webster, to whom the Sectional Prize has been awarded. In addition to sending in records of eggs, members were asked to keep a notebook and there state fully the habits and appearance of birds and the nests that they found. Bullock-Webster’s notebook was excel- lent and was made the more interesting by photographs of nests which had been given him by Dr. Wilson. Bullock-Webster says :—“ Going in for the Competition has taught me much about birds and their habits.” Collett’s notebook also deserves special mention. We hope.that members who photograph will follow Dr. Wilson’s example and take photographs of nests. Among the rarer birds the Redstart, Nuthatch and Hawfinch are becoming more common visitants. Mr. Hedley saw in a garden by St. Luke’s Church, close to the busiest part of the Town, a Pied Flycatcher on April 30th and four following days, a Hawfinch in May, two Grey Wagtails by the — Chelt in Turner’s field on April 4th, also a Kingfisher near the same spot on Nov. 2gth. @ ‘ 4 ORNITHOLOGICAL SECTION. 39 Bullock-Webster found a Cole-Tit’s nest 5ft from the ground in a willow-tree, noticed a Kestrel killing a Pigeon, and during the late mild Autumn noted Sparrows building in October and a Blackbird building in November. He also found at the Crystal Palace a Pigeon’s Nest composed almost entirely of hairpins and wire. In losing Mr. Montford we have lost not only an Ornithologist whose experience and careful observation had made him a sound authority, but one who, by his real love for birds, inspired others to try and follow his example. There was hardly a day in the Spring and Summer but he would be up in the early morning and pass quiet hours away in the country, observing birds and carefully noting all that he saw. Some idea of the useful information he obtained may be got by studying the paper which he read to the Society and which was published in last year’s report. His collection of eggs has been acquired by the Society and has been carefully arranged by White, who has also arranged the new case of Birds’ Nests: these are a picturesque and useful addition to the Museum, and we hope that more nests will be given to the Society during this next season. A Sectional Meeting was held during the Christmas Term, when a paper on “Migration” was read by the President. Some diagrams illustrating the subject were exhibited by W. L. Mellersh (O.C.), and Mr. Cade also gave us some interesting information. We would draw attention to the list of birds posted in the Museum _ whose eggs may not be taken in Gloucestershire. In conclusion we would ask more members to keep notebooks, starting from the beginning of the season and carefully noting every- thing that they see about birds, their habits, and their nests. The dates of the arrival of migratory birds should be noted and a list of dates, which may be useful for reference, is printed below. General Date of First Name of Species. Arrival. Range of First Arrival. 1. Lapwing =F March 2 -- Feb. 15 to March 23. 2. Pied Wagtail Ee pare, ES ae SEE Liss ae 3. Wheatear Si » 18 .. Mar. 13 ,, April 23. 4. Chifichaff fs a 30 ae ese LiL sy ssioeedes 5. Ring Ousel as » 30 35 SLA ss a 17. 6. Wryneck fr April 11 aye a MeL a HS 25. _ ‘7. +Sand Martin an ae 4: sit » 4 5 May I. 8. Common Sandpiper Ay 1g 4c oo 7 s Apreliyees _ 9g. Nightingale ie os «15 «e eb ear 2» «32 fo. Blackcap Warbler .. » =I5 AG Ses. ep 99 2 1. Willow Warbler .. 5 MUMS a Ae ee ener a 28. _-—-'12,_~=«Redstart ite ey) Ae » 26 5 May 12 40 Gc Name of Species. 13. Swallow 14. Cuckoo 15. Meadow Pipit 16. Tree Pipit ; 17. Com. Whitethroat .. 18. Ray’s Wagtail 19. Martin ee 20. Whinchat 21. Reed Warbler 22. Lesser Whitethroat 23. Sedge Warbler 24. Garden Warbler 25. Woodwarbler 26. Grasshopper Warbler 27. Turtle Dove 28. Night-Jar 29. Land Rail 30. Swift Ae 31. Red-backed Shrike 32. Spotted Flycatcher.. 33. Common Snipe 34. Jack Snipe as 35. Woodcock He 36. Short-eared Owl .. 37. Fieldfare oe 38. Redwing a 39. Golden Plover ae 40. Teal oe 41. Snow Bunting 42. Mountain Finch Name of Ege. Song Thrush ve Robin aa “4 Pied Wagtail AG Blackbird .. AG Jackdaw oe Magpie ee ve Crest Tit ... ve Chaffnch .. ae Hedge Sparrow Ho Starling ae nin Kestrel NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. General Date of First Arrival. Range of First Arrival. April 15 .. March27 ,, May 30 SMG I ve -Apriilanig, =: 5. ” 17 aio ” 8 ” ” 5- see .e ” 8 » ” 3: » 19 ” 4 » ” 5. » %I9 ” 3 ass ” 8. 33 20 ” I oy ” 3- ” 23 ” 16 ” ” 9. 9» 23 ” 12 5) ” 6. 3 24) 59) MZ wie ble » 26 ’ I yy » &I5-. Ay ES 9» I2 » 15. Anes: ” Sina ” 12. May 2 . ” 16 ” ” Il. Be Zt May 105), Jae meete tO . April 15 ,, May 25. ” 6 ” 25 ” ” 28. om 20 » 20 » ” 3. 8 » 27 » ? 30- » If ” 13» ” 31. Sept. 15 . «Aug? m2) 5 @crr ego ap) ae Sept. -6 4; Oe se Oct. I0 sstalnKA Bes of tee » 10 ” 39 ” 21. »» 20 ” 27 ” 13. sy ae Oct T «aps NOWSeE 3980 Sept. II ,, 3/7 aN » 30 ve ” 24 » ” 26. Nov. 7 ee LN OVsent yas be I5- Dec. 7 99. 10, Gy pp Wecerers RECORDS IN 1898. Locality. Date. Finder. Old Bath Road .» March 30 Wie Shurdington a «April 30 B.W. os ie a ake B.W. AF oc “5 30 B.W. Charlton Kings 46 » 30 H. ss 5 3 30 H. as ae 9 30 H. 2 =n ” 30 H. ” ae Pres) H. Ae . May I W. ” . ” 3 W. Name of Egg. Dipper House Sparrow Linnet 48 Tree Creeper Greenfinch Wood Pigeon Bullfinch Willow Wren Redstart Nuthatch .. Red-legged Partridge Moorhen .. Carrion Crow Missel Thrush Marsh Tit Cole Tit .. Partridge .. Gold-Crested Wren Pheasant Lesser Whitethroat Reed Bunting Common Wren Black Cap .. Blue Tit ae ’ Tree Sparrow Yellowhammer Sedge Warbler Garden Warbler Siskin Skylark. Sand Martin Tree Pipit Green Woodpecker Redpole ‘Corn Crake Turtle Dove Corn Bunting House Martin Swallow Red-backed Shrike Mealy Redpole Whitethroat Chiffchaff Spotted Flycatcher Fire-Crested Wren Tawny Owl Stock Dove Barn Owl .. Crippets .. Shurdington ORNITHOLOGICAL Locality. .. Charlton Kings Shurdington ” Charlton .. Old Bath Road .. Sandy Lane Charlton Kings ”» .. Leckhampton Hatherley Charlton Kings ? oe ” ee ” ” .- Chatcomb ee ” .. Pigham . Shurdington Chatcomb ” ee ” ” .. Cirencester Road Shurdington Prestbury Shurdington Crippets Charlton Kings ” Hatherley Andoversford Cowley ” .. Andoversford . Sandy Lane Crippets 29 Cowley Shurdington .. Cowley o. » SECTION. WONT AD AW WW W W (ome) 42 C.Cc. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. E, Morris with 39 different species gained a prize. C. B. Hodson was a good’second with 31. Among interesting finds were the Sedge Warbler within 14 miles of Cheltenham, where it is not common. It is perhaps worthy of record that the Nightjar was heard near Teigh- more in September, and that the Kingfisher was seen within 30 yards of the High Street on December 26th. C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 43 PHOTOGRAPHIC SECTION. President: C. E. Youncman, Esq. Clarke, T. H. Collett, L. G. Cottrill, H. L. Bentley, O. Clerk, R. V. Crailsheim, H. R. Davids, W. da F. B. Dunsterville, K. F. Garratt, T. A. Houghton, A. T. Armitage, F. A. W. Brinton, C. C. Buckby, R. G. Cheeke, A. M. M. Clarke, G. A. E. Conran, W. D. B. Cooper, W. R. F. Dixon, W. H. Dyer, H. G. Fox, G. Haldinstein, L. A. Hare, H. A. Ker, A. M. SAT ea MEMBERS. THREE TERMS. Holliday, J. C. H. Johnston, A. A. TWO TERMS. Mackintosh, W. A. O. C. Mitchell-Dawson, H. C. Morton, C. A. Moss, W. C. Moutray, A. G. Payne, J. O. ONE TERM. Ker, C. H. Kershaw, S. R. Milton, T. St. M. Moore, H. F. B. S. Mortimore, F. R. Nathan, E. S. Orpen-Palmer,G.de M.H. Pemberton, E. H. Phillips, C. J. M. Porteous, H. B. Rosenberg, P. Rosenberg, S. Sanders, H. R. Ponsonby, H. E. Wells, F. W. A. Samuelson, C. L. Symonds, F. H. Trewheler, A. Weddell, J. M. Wheeler, P. Young, J. A. R. Saunders, H. S. Sharp, L. Steel, B. Stranack, C. E. Taylor, R. Seaton Thomson, G. M. Trewheler, V. Turner, G. P. Walker, A. T. Walker, M. Wilkins, W. G. Willcox, L. C. Wilson, W. A. wis section has been working with appreciable ‘ a enthusiasm and energy during the last year, with results that are at any rate notable in quantity. The hand-camera is perhaps too much a favourite, since the ease with which results of some sort are obtained does not sufficiently encourage the loving study and care needed for real excellence. 44 PHOTOGRAPHIC SECTION. The suggestion in last year’s report that a series of photographs of architectural subjects should be obtained has not as yet borne much fruit: convenient opportunities for such work are few during term. The Summer excursions included some of the churches round about, but only the visit to Tewkesbury had any photographic success. Yet it is very desirable that members should take up some definite line of work; and it may be possible to institute prizes next term for particular series of photographs. Flowers, animals, clouds, school games and incidents, would afford all the necessary difficulty and interest; and other subjects might be suggested. There was a member last year who had the idea of securing snapshots, one by one, of all his unconscious pastors and masters—a sufficiently terrible design, as yet happily incomplete. A collection of prints made by members during the Summer term was exhibited at the end of the term, the prize for the best set of three going to L. C. Willcox. Only three competed for the prize. Willcox was also first-prize winner at the annual exhibition of lantern- slides held in December ; for this prize, eleven competitors sent in slides, the judging of which was very kindly undertaken by Captain C. M. Harrisson, who expressed a favourable opinion of the average merit of the slides, considering that in many cases they were the work of beginners. The prize winner was fortunate in his models— a tribe of dogs, very happily posed and taken, and his work won high praise from the judge. The second prize was taken by A. A. Johnston with some pretty scenes “from foreign parts.” Besides the slides of members of the section, others were lent for exhibition by W. B. Wilson, H. F. H. Coddington, Mr. Borchardt, and Capt. Harrisson. Some of the prize photographs are reproduced. The Society’s present dark room seems to grow smaller; in the heat of the Summer it was often over-full: but the wish expressed here some years ago that a better might be in the future, remains still but a pious hope. C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 45 REPORT ON THE COLLECTION OF JURASSIC FOSSILS IN THE CHELTENHAM COLLEGE MUSEUM, BY S. S. Buckman, F.G.S., Lion. Member Vorkshire Philosophical Society ; Hon. Sec. Cotteswold Naturalists Field Ciub; etc. INTRODUCTION. S Cheltenham is situated in an area world- famous for its Jurassic deposits, and for the fossils which they have yielded, it is eminently desirable that the College Museum should be able to boast a good, representative col- lection of Jurassic specimens. In my opinion it has such a collection now——a valuable series of fossils, not only well suited for teaching tposes, but also worthy of the attention of geologists who may Visit the district for the purpose of studying its Jurassic rocks and their fauna. To show where lies the particular interest of fossils from the Cheltenham neighbourhood, it is necessary to glance for a moment at the history of the Jurassic rocks. Cheltenham is situated on the Lias. The sea, which deposited the rocks of the Lias, not only spread over the greater part of England, but also over very 46 C.C.. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. much of the Continent of Europe. So that in the main the Lias fossils found in the Cheltenham neighbourhood do not differ in any noteworthy degree from Lias fossils found jin many other parts of England, France, Germany, and so forth. A collection of Lias fossils is most necessary, and that the species should be repre- sented by fossils obtained from the neighbourhood of Cheltenham is desirable ; but, broadly speaking, except for some special work, such local fossils have not a particular interest. The case, however, is very different in regard to the Inferior Oolite rocks, whereof the Cotteswold Hills surrounding Chelten- ham are mainly composed. Their fossils have a special character of their own. Towards the close of the Liassic period the accumulation of deposits would seem to have produced, in certain places, a shallow- ing of the sea. More or less contemporaneously, perhaps, some earth-movements occurred, elevating certain areas of the Liassic sea-bottom, so that its rocks formed land when some of the Inferior Oolite strata were being laid down. The Cotteswold area of the Inferior Oolite sea was presumably cut off from direct com- munication with the South England and Continental areas of the same sea. And its eastward connection with any other sea seems to have been disturbed. So there was left to it only a northward communication—over Cheshire and beyond, past the North of Ireland. But of that we shall never know anything, for from Leckhampton Hill to the mouth of the Dee all the Inferior Oolite rocks have been destroyed by denudation during the Cainozoic Era. There was, then, a land-locked sea of the Inferior Oolite opening towards the north, and cut off from communication to south and east by some barriers. Direct westward communication of the Jurassic sea there was not—any such communication had always been prevented by the great land-mass of Ireland, Wales and the Malverns. In this land-locked Inferior Oolite sea special local conditions obtained. It was a region where outside influences were little felt. Consequently the species pursued their own development; and the fauna entombed in the Inferior Oolite rocks of the Cheltenham district has special local features. Many of the species are not to be found elsewhere in England or on the Continent. The best example of a local species abundant here but not to be found elsewhere is Zerebratula fimbria of the Oolite Marl. But many REPORT ON JURASSIC FOSSILS. _ other Brachiopods tell the same tale. And another feature due - to some local causes is the paucity of Ammonites, though a few miles to the south they were overwhelmingly abundant. It is this local character which gives to a collection of Chel- _ tenham Inferior Oolite fossils their special interest. It is the local collection which the visitor from a distance has in this case a more _ than usual desire to see. And though it may be outside the scope of the College Museum, yet this is what gives a particular value to any good local collection. Towards the close of the Inferior Oolite time more general sea communication appears to have been re-established ; and the special local character of the fauna is not so pronounced. But by t he time of the Great Oolite there again obtained, to a certain degree, special local conditions, well exemplified in the Minchin- hampton fossils, of which the Museum has a good series. It is with the strata from the Lias to the Cornbrash that the Cheltenham district is most concerned. The Upper Jurassic deposits lie further away, and do not therefore come so well within its area. But a collection from these upper rocks is necessary to complete the series of Jurassic fossils. METHOD OF ARRANGEMENT. _ Having given this introduction, I may now explain the method which has been adopted in the arrangement of the collection. a The Jurassic fossils have been placed in the two wall cases on the right hand side towards the further end of the Museum. Those from the lowest Jurassic rocks have been placed at the furthest nd, and coming towards the door, those from higher and higher eds are found. So far 4s it was possible the arrangement has 2 both vertical and horizontal. The vertical view of the portion e case before the observer shews the different fossils which _ during a particular time. A horizontal view shews—to the according to the shelf—the fossils of a particular group which eded them in time ; to the right those which succeeded. Soa ical view shows the species of any particular rock in which the lent may be interested ; while following a shelf from left to he will see how different species of a particular group succeed another in the rocks. his is the ideal arrangement. It will be easily understood could not be followed out entirely. How far it has been mplished may be seen from the annexed Diagrams, I., II. C.Cc. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 48 ‘00H 2Y} UO ‘INeN puv soyUOWWY oauey | QO 2 2°) 2 > SS ee @ ae ‘ney pue soyuowury | 5 o ‘yoys ay) Jo Wed yuoY ay} ur ‘sayluWMoTag 3 ‘soUOWU YY ‘soyuowury ) ® tes & ft ee Se See ee ‘Jays ayy Jo yred yuoy ay} ul ‘epodonsed ‘(erzeAtououm epoddoajad) sea[ealg epodoryoeiq o1Sser'] | (v1avhuurp epoddoajag) saayealg SS a ee ee = I ee eS eee a | sojuoWUYy adie] ea eee ee ee ee ee a ee Se (epodAoajag) saaqeaig ayeortdng | eT —— —d .—$ ———_—_— _—-— ‘sery ioddq "ser'y 3[PPLAL ‘SeV'T JOMO'T te hae ie ee ee ae ee ‘aSVO ~LSYId—I Nvadovid 49 REPORT ON JURASSIC FOSSILS. ‘100Y 9Y} UO ‘ITWNeN pue soyUOMMY O81] ‘Joys jo yred yuoy ui ‘YNeN [[ewWs pur soyuUIs[aq ‘T[QNeN pue sojiuowwy He -—’ epodoyeuday) ‘J[2Ys ayy JO yzed yuoy ay} ul ‘epodonysey ‘yoeq oi ye (eIzeAMOouoM epodAdaI9q) saalealg "eyBWIIOPOUIYIA oissein ‘(enedup epoddoajag) saayeatg ‘JJaYs ayi Jo yxed yuoy oy} ut ‘epodoryorg ‘JI2ys By} JO youq oy) ye ‘spest0Dd (‘ysviquiod pur ‘ajqrueyy iso10g ‘Ae[D projprrg ‘QUOD Wary ‘aqe[S ppayseuois ‘ye sroT[NW) Fe as EE aa ‘sayjoo, sedd "Sd119G SN[OO yor aN[OO sOWayUyT 190 0 Hes 811990 3) : : "asvO GNOOdS—l W —" 50 c.Cc. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, The series enclosed within square lines are those which it was not possible to bring into the special arrangement. THE STRATIGRAPHICAL TERMS. A little explanation is perhaps required as regards the use of the stratigraphical terms. Just as there are differences of opinion as to the precise years of a man’s life comprehended in the terms ‘ youth,’ ‘ maturity’ and ‘ old age,’ so there are individual differences of opinion as to the particular rocks to be denoted Lower, Middle, or Upper Lias, and so forth. It becomes necessary then to state, in certain cases, what meaning has been attached to particular terms. Thus to the Middle Lias, following certain well-known author- ities, has been given a wider significance than Marlstone : it has been intended to include some of the clay beds immediately below, where- fore the fossils from the brickyards of Cheltenham and Battledown will be found inserted as Middle Lias. But such a matter of naming does not affect their position in the case, which is designed to represent actual relative position in the rocks irrespective of any detail of nomenclature. Then in regard to the respective limits of Upper Lias and Inferior Oolite, it has been deemed advisable to follow the recom- mendation of the International Geological Congress, though the division so made seems peculiarly arbitrary for this district. Thus the Cotteswolds to the south of Stroud shew a few feet of rock particularly rich in Cephalopoda; known in consequence as the Cephalopod Bed. But the adopted line divides the lower part of this bed from the upper, placing the former to the Upper Lias, and the latter to the Inferior Oolite. Wherefore certain of the labels read thus, ‘‘ Cephalopod Bed, Upper Lias,” and others, “‘ Cephalopod Bed, Inferior Oolite.” The Great Oolite Series as a major division should include the rocks from the Fullers’ Earth to the Cornbrash. It has not been possible to keep the fossils from these different sub-divisions always in their true line. The reason will be seen by an inspection of the case. The bulk of the specimens come from the strata of Minchinhampton often known for distinction as “ Great QOolite, proper,” a sub-division of the whole Great Oolite Series. And these fossils take up what may be said to be more than their share of space. But this is a detail of the arrangement which may be easily understood. REPORT ON JURASSIC FOSSILS. 5. THE LOCALITIES. It is necessary to say something concerning the localities given on the labels now attached to the fossils. In the majority of cases the specimens were without any such labels at all. Buta knowledge of the specimens themselves, and of the different charact ers of the rocks in which they occur, has enabled me to assign to the specimens not only the localities from which they were obtained but also the particular rocks from which they were derived. It is not contended that these labels are in all cases cor- rect ; but they are possibly a very near approximation to the truth. In order that such suggested localities should not appear unduly authoritative, and that they should be distinguished from the actual records, they have been placed within brackets. So those names of localities which appear without brackets are transcriptions of the actual records found on the fossils ; while those with brackets are set down as suggestions from my own knowledge. SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE COLLECTION. I would now notice some of the fossils which are well repre- sented, or which have some particular interest. There is a good and representative series of Lias Ammonites. There are some large and magnificent Lower Lias Ammonites on the floor of the first case, particularly those of the genera, Coroniceras, and Astero- _ ceras. The attention of the specialist may be directed to Coront- eras gmuendense — Microceras Dudressieri, a large specimen but _ with a poor centre—WMicroderoceras Birchi, a giant—Asteroceras _ acceleratum—Coroniceras rotator—Echioceras Oosteri, and LEchio- | ceras tardecrescens (Dumortier, non Hauer). . The series of Lias Belemnites is more than usually good ; among them the rare Lelemnites oxyconus may be found. And _ the Upper Lias section of Belemnites is, for a general collection, very well represented. ____ Of Liassic Nautili there are some valuable specimens. Espec- _ ilally may be noticed (Vautilus intermedius of the Lower Lias. From the Inferior Oolite there are some good polished Nautili ; _ and there is quite a superabundance of polished Ammonites of the _Parkinsonia dorsetensis type. ____ From the Great Oolite of Minchinhampton there is a Waudilus a of very special value: it is, at least so I conclude from comparing 52 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Oolite Mollusca’ If this identification is correct it is a most valuable fossil. Another gem from the Great Oolite is a new species of Vautilus allied to VV. Baberi, but more umbilicate. Among the Gastropoda there is a good series from the Inferior Oolite, mostly, however, from Dorset. Attention may be drawn to examples of what are known as reversed Gastropoda, those which coil the opposite way to what is usual among these shells : such are Cirrus and Hamusina. It may be suggested that they should be specially indicated in the labelling. The local Inferior Oolite rocks are somewhat deficient in Gastropoda, but perhaps the Museum collection is not quite so representative as it might be. The genus Werinaea which is so distinctive of many horizons in the Cotteswold Inferior Oolite, might be better represented; and in displaying such specimens there should be sections shewing the internal structure. Enlarged drawings of these internal folds might be affixed to tablets of speci- mens with advantage. From the Great Oolite of Minchinhampton there is a very good series of Gastropoda. The rare and striking genus Purpurot- dea is well represented—such specimens it is almost impossible to obtain at the present day. A good A/aria is another noticeable fossil; and there is also a good series of those interesting shells which seem to have departed so far from the normal style of Gastropod growth—namely Patella and Capulus. Among the Pelecypoda, more usually known as Lamellibran- chiata, or Bivalves there are very good series from the Lias, from the Inferior Oolite, and from the Great Oolite. There is almost a superabundance of some of the Liassic forms, such as Lima gigantea, L. punctata, and Gryphea cymbium. There is one magnificent example of Zima gigantea, with both valves in an unusually good state of preservation. Of the rare Hippopodium ponderosum there are many fine examples. And the genus Cardinia shews many good specimens. In the Inferior Oolite series there are, of a shell which it seems impossible to obtain now, more specimens than there was room to display. This is a striking Perna of, I believe, a new, undescribed species. It comes from Cold Comfort, where it used to be found in sufficient numbers to cause a certain rock-layer to be named the “ Peyna-bed.” But at the present day we are quite unable to say where this Pevna-bed is to be found. REPORT ON JURASSIC FOSSILS. 53 | In the Great Oolite section there is a good series of Pelecypoda _ from the Minchinhampton beds, making perhaps all the more noticeable a failure of specimens from other strata and other localities of the Great Oolite Series. In connexion with the Minchinhampton fossils perhaps what is most noticeable is the absence of that remarkable shell, Pachyrisma grande—a void very difficult to fill up. Among Brachiopoda, there is but a small series from the Lias; but fair series from rocks from Inferior Oolite to Cornbrash, i inclusive. Mention might here be made of a matter of interest to Brachio- pod specialists. In a box of odd Brachiopods in the Museum collection I found specimens of Eudesia leckhamptonensis, from a matrix identical with that attached to such specimens as Eudesia cardium, Zeilleria digona, Dictyothyris coarctata and Pecten vagans, which were with it. Now LZudesia leckhamptonensis was figured by Davidson in his Monograph of Jurassic Brachiopoda as | Waldheimia cardium var. leckhamptonensis; and it was stated to _ have come from the “ Pea grit, Leckhampton Hill,” and another specimen from “Inferior Oolite, Andoversford,” was “in the _ Museum of the Geological Survey, Jermyn Street.” But the series of shells from the same matrix in the Museum collection showed that it could only have come from the Great Oolite series. And this was confirmed by a Brachiopod specialist from Bristol, Mr. J. W. D. Marshall, who visited the Museum: he at once recognised the specimens and their matrix as being from the Great Oolite of the Bath neighbourhood. He says the bed is a little lower that what is called Bradford Clay. The explanation of the published records is probably this— that the specimens were obtained from a dealer in Cheltenham ; that he, deceived by the resemblance between their matrix and ‘that of the Pea grit, and forgetting where he had really obtained them, gave them the recorded locality and origin. But the name /eckhamptonensis will remain attached to this - fossil, which has no connection with Leckhampton except through this fictitious history, of which the name will be a record. It has long been a puzzle; and it is interesting to have cleared it up. The Echinodermata are well represented by some very good And among other fossils there is a fairly large series 54 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING THE COLLECTION. I would now call attention to certain deficiencies in the collec- tion. In the first place the series of specimens from Jurassic rocks superior to the Cornbrash is, with the exception of some Ammonites, and some Corals, rather too weak. It need not be expected that it should bulk as largely as the collection from Lias to Cornbrash, which may be considered the special local feature, but a somewhat more complete series is desirable. Coming to the special Lias-Cornbrash collection, the Ammon- ite series from so special a local deposit as the Cotteswold Cephalopod Bed might be more increased as a feature of particu- lar interest. Local Inferior Oolite rocks above that horizon do not yield much in the way of Ammonites; but everything which they do yield should if possible be preserved, especially when the particular bed can be recorded. It might be suggested that to supplement the Inferior Oolite series, more specimens from the contemporaneous Dorset-Somerset rocks might be added. At present the collection rather gives the idea that there was a sudden diminution of the Ammonite fauna with the close of the Lias. Locally that is true ; otherwise, and not so many miles away, there was a great increase. With the exception of good examples of Pleurotomaria anglica, the Lias Gasteropod collection may be described as zon est. ‘This deficiency might in part be remedied by investigations of the local brickyards. As the number of species of Lias Gastropods is reckoned by hundreds, the few species in the collection is hardly representative. It is somewhat different with the Upper Lias Pelecypoda. There is almost a blank here too; but specimens to fill it would be procurable with difficulty, except in one case, namely from the local arenaceous and calcareous Upper Lias strata—known as Cotteswold Sands and Cephalopod Bed. Such strata yield some- what plentifully, and an improvement could be effected. Among the Inferior Oolite Pelecypoda there might be an improvement. Many of the species from Dorset-Somerset are represented by what seem poor examples to anyone acquainted with the high standard of the specimens obtainable from these deposits. Of the local examples, many suffer from not having. been sufficiently developed from the matrix—the attention of a skilled operator would make a remarkable difference. He could, too, effect another important improvement, he could expose the hinge and the internal portions of the shells. This is very - ‘REPORT ON JURASSIC FOSSILS. 55 necessary for any systematic study; and particularly for pointing out affinities to, and differences from, present-day representatives, Among Brachiopods, too, it is important to have specimens showing the characters of the internal structure. On the whole perhaps the Brachiopod collection, at any rate the local series, might be improved by rather better specimens. They hardly seem up to the standard which might be expected from common shells. It is on account of being common that Brachiopods are among the first shells to attract the student’s attention. It is very unfortunate, therefore, that they should have to be placed on a shelf where they are practically out of sight. Of course the same remark, though ina less degree, applies to anything put on the upper shelves. _ They are unsuited to the display of any specimens on tablets. It _ is a question whether the Brachiopod collection might not be more satisfactorily arranged by itself. . One last suggestion I may make in regard to the Ammonites and Nautili. It is particularly important, first, that the different "patterns made by the edges of their air-chambers should be clearly shown. Next, it is important that the differences in this respect which obtain among the Ammonites themselves should be indi- - cated. A very good plan is to paint alternate chambers red and white, a work requiring considerable skill, but its effect is "instructive. Rt Se ye ge ; ’ ConcLUSION. L I have now indicated the various features of the Jurassic collection ; and I have pointed out the different directions in which development might take place. It will be seen that there is on the whole a valuable collection well worthy of all the efforts that might be undertaken for its improvement. 56 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. LECTURES. “THE ROMANCE OF ASTRONOMY.” By A. A. Bourne, Esq. a stone be attached to a string and then swung round there is a certain force keeping the stone in the circle it describes. In the case of the planets which are describing curves which are nearly circles, this force is the force of attraction to the Sun, and since to every force there is an equal and opposite reaction there is also a force, As sin, 4 called the centrifrugal force tending to force the planets away from the Sun. Without this centrifrugal force the planets would be absorbed into the Sun. The heat given out by the Sun is enormous, one square foot being able to supply 7,000 Horse Power! and with this tremendous loss of heat it is natural to look ahead and picture to ourselves the Sun a comparatively cold body. If the Sun were a solid body we might expect a few centuries to make an appreciable difference in its temperature, and the only reasonable explanation we can give of its keeping up its temperature is that it is a huge mass of glowing gas, at any rate in its outward parts. As it parts with its heat it shrinks and so the heat remaining is sufficient to keep up its temperature. The total heat is less, but the body it is heating is smaller and so the temperature is as high as before. If we could only measure the rate of decrease of the Sun’s size we could satisfy ourselves on this point, but the Sun might decrease its diameter by 86 miles and yet our telescopes would not be able to inform us of the fact. Still though it may shrink and keep its temperature up for a time, its ultimate fate is to grow cold. Just as we have storms in our atmosphere owing to colder and therefore denser air settling down and replacing air which is less LECTURES. 57 dense because it has been warmed by contact with the Earth, so we find storms exists in the Sun’s atmosphere, but of far greater magni- tude. Flames are shot out from the burning envelope round the Sun travelling at the rate of more than 30 miles a second and reaching _ more than 10,000 miles, while their smoke may extend for 70,000 miles, These are best seen during an eclipse when the bright disc of the Sun is shut off from us by the Moon. The Moon has always been an object of deep interest to man. It is our closest heavenly companion, If you went in a train to the _ Moon and travelled at the rate of 60 miles an hour you would get there ~ in 8 months, while you would take 260 years to get to the Sun. The Moon always shows the same face to us and therefore is rotating round its axis once every time it moves round the Earth. It has no atmosphere. This we know because when the Moon passes between us and a star, the star disappears suddenly and does not first become blurred as it would if the Moon’s atmosphere came between us and the star before the Moon itself intervened. 4 The Moon of course attracts the Earth and all things on it: when _ that thing happens to be water the water is piled beneath the Moon _and so tides are produced. The Sun too has a similar action but the Moon tides are so much greater than the Sun tides that for our present purpose we may neglect the latter. Owing to the huge body _ of water being pulled round by the Moon a certain amount of friction is set up which tends to check the motion of the Earth, and this action of the Moon on the Earth is accompanied by an action of the Earth on the Moon, and as our speed of rotation gets slower the Moon gets further off. Follow this line of reasoning backwards instead of pursuing it forwards and it is easy to see that long, long ago the two bodies were close together and in very rapid movement, the ‘Moon rushing round the Earth and very close to it, the Earth at the ‘same time spinning round on its own axis at a very rapid rate. Before that it seems probable that they were together as a mass of nebulous matter, such as we can see in Andromeda or Orion now, a mass of glowing gas which as it cooled shrunk till it condensed to a ‘More or less spherical ball. Along some line of weakness a rupture occurred and a part of our mass got ejected into space and became Our satellite, the Moon. The subsequent difference in the histories the two bodies is simply due to their difference in size. x The Earth as it cooled formed a solid crust, which got repeatedly broken up by the internal attraction, but it was formed again and _ again, until its thickness was such that it remained permanent, after- 58 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. wards clouds condenséd on its surface and so the sea was formed. In the Moon the same course of events occurred, but owing to the smallness in size of the Moon the internal pull on the solid crust was soon insufficient to break it up and then the still cooling interior shrank away from the solid crust, and when afterwards the latter developed weak places the waters rushed in, came into contact with the heated interior and the resulting explosions, whose magnitude we can scarcely conceive, rent the crust and left it permanently altered, so that at the present day, when we look at the Moon, its surface looks just like one mass of ancient volcanoes. The Planets are to be distinguished from other stars by the fact that they appear to wander about in the heavens, new ones are being continually being discovered, the last one being found in Germany last August. Saturn is one of the most beautiful of the planets on account of its rings. For a long time the composition of these rings was not proved. If they were solid rings they would have to be far stronger than any- thing we know of on Earth, or they would get ruptured as they swung round the planet. And we now know that they are really composed of a large number of small bodies and not of one solid mass. If they were a solid the outer rim would have to be travelling at a faster rate than the inner one for the ring to keep together. But if they were a number of little bodies, the inner ones would have to be rotating faster than the outer ones, for they are nearer to the planet and there- fore the attraction towards the planet is greater, and so in order to prevent themselves being drawn in they must be swinging round at a very rapid pace and faster than the outer rim. Now by means of an instrument, called the Spectrometer, we can tell whether a body is approaching or departing from us and also its speed, by observing the light it gives out during its motion. And the Spectrometer informs us that the inner parts of Saturn’s rings are going round faster than the outer parts and consequently the rings cannot be solid but must be formed by a number of little bodies all sweeping round their planet. eoumemeoKrouneeooeondod avn BOO H ~ aANUNOg ‘Vy ‘V 6691 sx Ayeniqog ‘4901109 puno} pue poupny VL Boe “ puvy ul soureg 4si1f 2) Oars ia (sazg) Jaueq =“ eae sosusdxy way svujsuyg =“ boc (g0uepusyy wooy yzIeq) “ af oer (aa ye souvpuany) Surry us Tg ss ss sozlid antl ee * Aydeasojoyg 10J ozg Zz ene eee 6c yiv “a +o tee see “c pat ( pet ee UOISINOXY puz Y $ ‘ (aourpuayy wooy yeq) Surg“ Omere (uoVION puke qqaA\) seziig re Ol *** — syissoy Suisuvsse ‘uvmyong ‘ay~—Aynf o * — (SITIAL) WooY yzeq joj sjamoy, =“ paces uolipadxy (auinoqsajoD) 3s1—oun[ oO wee eae (sainjoo’7) (73 “ € -* (g9uvpuayy wooy yreq) sur * ee aa uo01]93|[0D 33g ploywuoyy 0} uoNNnqiuyUu0D re o: oe sosuodxqy 91njoo'[T Ls (oie ae ‘ sy1oday jo a8eysog a (oe use sunuug—udy cea ge $91njoo'T y gourpuany sjurAlsg a8a1[oD st € snyeaedde sfvi xX, JO asn ‘ey1dsoyy—yoryy F ‘SASNIdXA ‘Soa4T “UofT “AAMVG ‘WWM zo ly E v4 oS Fa = aa aN fy Poh ee eee suoydiosqng wooy yreq =“ | EIR eee acs suondiosqng—'saqy dan suoyjdiuosqng wooy yeq =“ | ES reo ce suoldiuosqng—Ajnf 1 Roar eet suondiuosqng wooy yeqS S1 9 yes eee gadwowo000odo adi aa i ~~ A oe, x . an? oy i ‘ie 7 yak a . iG ae ey: ~ . » mae aay t are oe ris a ~ pe ee 7 ih a ie 14 ar mi ie i i ee bs ad Jp a oe alter ae Pea > le 1 ae 2) a ene AM CC ac LEGE » i =) Le Gf = Bi etn bs 48 ite ose = Ne <4 » et phe y _REPOR’ a4 ‘ ae ~ a He ; , are ae rs = oe _ i ——————— oF D eeRR 3 Sy" AC 4EL 4 or tan M CORELTO DAY snk ae hie aay és ae a ioe a? a ee : ms i“? a 1 Re ’ i x Wainerswick Chur by J. D. Camphell Tewkesbury—by G. P. Oppenheim. eanericeti eieton PY, G. P. Oppenheim. Pelicans—by J. D. Campbell. : A E JEAN-BART | es al ow Statue at Dunkirk— Deere ny by G. P. Oppenheim. ~CHELTENHAM COLLEGE 7 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY — REPORT _ OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR >t 1899 te< Sumptibus Editorum Cheltoniensium. CHELTENHAM : JOHN DARTER, COLLEGE BOOK AND STATIONERY DEPOT, NORTHWICK TERRACE. ‘ic vee « ~ 2 7218 CHELTENHAM ! THOMAS HAILING, PRINTER, THE OXFORD PRESS. 1900. ; ie CONTENTS. Preface “The Council, 1899 Rules .. List of Members Lectures and Excursions ... “ts Additions to the Museum... Reports of Sections : (1) Archeological Section (2) Botanical Section (3) Fntetiaigeieal Section (4) Geological Section ~ (5) Microscopical Section (6) Ornithological Section (7) Photographic Section Balance Sheet (1) Meteorology, by Llewellyn Evans, Esq., O.C. ... (2) Hailes Abbey, by The Rev. W. Bazeley, O.C... PAGE epee DUTT ESTO CUOMO EE ICLP AULT GED EEL VBI PUTO TTT TTT TET S = < d, UU TEPID CO EULER oUOMe goe Ooe Oe SUT TETTE TE TT a = PREFACE: THE past year has been marked by the creation of a new section, and we must thank Mr, Scott for having made the arrangements for it and for looking after it. Its object is to study the minute under the microscope. We would especially urge all those wlio are intending to enter the medical profession to join it. They will have to become familiar with microscope work and the sooner the _ better. Further advance has been made in the arrangement of the _ fossils in the museum, and as during the year two collections __ were given to us, these are being incorporated in the general collection. Mrs. Falkener has given us a large collection of fossils, _ chiefly Jurassic and Cretaceous, and also some minerals, Each FE: ‘specimen as it is placed in the general collection has attached to the board on which it is mounted a label, on which is printed _ “Falkener Collection,” so that any one can see what beautiful j ‘specimens belonged to this collection. They form a very valuable addition to our collections. . Mr. Buckman, who arranged our Jurassic fossils for us, and ‘ who therefore knows the weak spots in our collection of specimens from that geological period, has very kindly given us several Jurassic fossils. These will still further enhance the value of our collection of local fossils, the point in which our Museum should 6 PREFACE, We print with great pleasure in the report, several extracts from ‘“ Notes on Birds,” which J. H. Cardew sent in for the Ornithological Section’s prize. It is a pity we have not space to print all his notes, but the extracts chosen, show what good work he has done during the year, and that we have a worthy successor to Bullock-Webster, many of whose notes we printed last year, in the Society’s Report. The Lectures and Excursions of the Society have been very well attended, the excursions being so popular that a fourth one was arranged for during the Summer term, in order that any member might have a chance of going on three at least. It is proposed to have an excursion, next Summer, to visit the excavations at Hailes. We have to thank the Rev. W. Bazeley for coming over and lecturing to us on these excavations, which were carried out last Autumn, and superintended by him, and he very kindly offered to show us over the excavations if we came next Summer. A unanimous vote of the Society on the occasion of his lecture gave the fund which is being raised to carry on these excavations a grant from the Society’s funds. The great want of the Society, at present, seems to be a new Dark Room. The numbers of the Photographic Section have grown so large of late that the present Dark Room is too small for the Section, and moreover it is so damp that it is impossible to keep plates in it. We have to thank very heartily the various people who have made presentations to the Museum during the year. A list of these presentations will be found in the Report. — THE COUNCIL, 1899. President... gi .... THE PRINCIPAL. ‘ a PicePrisidént ie .. Rev. J. Mucuiston. Treasurer Abs ... W. M. Baker, Esa. Secretary... on ... (C. I. Garpviner, Esa. President of Archeological Section... A. S. OWEN, Esq. President of Botanical Section ... Rev. J. R. WyNNE-EDwaRDs. 4 | President of Entomological Section... J. C. SALTER, Esq. . a SP psident of Geological Section ... C. I. GARDINER, Esq. President of Microscopical Section... S, D. Scort, Ese. E ents Ornithological Section... M. TANNER, Esa. F resident of Photographic Section... C. E ae Esa. President of Funior School ... F. J. Cave, Esq. RULES. 1.—That this Society be called The Cheltenham College Natural History Society, and have for its object the promotion of the study of Natural History. 2.—That Ordinary Meetings of this Society be held on Fridays once in three weeks, at 5.30 p.m., or at such other times as the Council of the said Society may appoint, when papers and notes on observations shall be read and discussed, specimens exhibited, and the ordinary business of the Society transacted. 3-—That each Member of the Society is entitled to introduce two friends at any Meeting. Visitors may speak and read papers with the leave of the President or Chairman of the Meeting. 4.—That field days be appointed for the purpose of making excursions to places of interest in the neighbourhood. 5.—That a terminal Subscription of 1/- be payable in advance by all Members, except Honorary Members, who shall subscribe 5/-, and that all Members who have paid five consecutive terminal subscriptions, be exempt from any further payment. 6.—That any Member whose Subscription shall be a whole term in arrears, shall cease to be a Member of the Society. 7.—That Members be encouraged to join Sections for the more accurate study of the different branches of Natural History : that the formation of these be arranged, and the work settled at the first Meeting of each term : that each Section be under a President, who is responsible for its meetings and organisation, and that a Secretary be appointed by each Section to keep minutes of its proceedings, of which a summary shall appear in the report. 8.—That the Society issue a Report as often as the Council think fit. ; 9.—That the Officers of this Society consist of a President, Vice-President, a Secretary, and Treasurer, who, with the Presidents 7 ' MORE ee eC inet Ag ele Aree. ed RULES. 9 and Secretaries of the branches, shall constitute the Council of the Society, besides the Natural Science Masters, who shall be ex-officio Members of the Council. 1o.—That the duties of the President shall be to preside at Meetings, and act as general referee on all questions of order. 11.—That in the absence of the President, the Vice-President shall preside, or, in his absence, a member of the Council. 12.—That the duties of the Secretary shall be to give notice of Meetings of the Society and the Council, and to enter the minutes of Meetings in a book kept for that purpose, to collect subscriptions, and to give account of the same. 13.—That the Treasurer’s accounts, after the approval and signature of the two Auditors, to be appointed at the last Meeting of each year, be laid on the table at the first Meeting of the succeeding year. : 14.—That the Officers constitute for the time being the Council of the Society, in which shall be vested all arrangements not provided for in these Rules. 15.—That the Secretary have power by a vote of the majority of Members present, at a Special or Ordinary Meeting, to erase from the list of the Society any Member whose conduct should be adverse to the interests and objects of the Society. Fees and Subscriptions are in no case to be returned, but re-election of an ex-member to be permitted during the next term. 16.—That the Members of the Society on leaving the College become corresponding Members. 17.—That no alteration be made in these Rules except at a General Meeting at which 21 Members at least are present, and _ then only provided it is carried by a majority of two-thirds of those present. [90 Cheltenham College Datural History Society. President- - - THE PRINCIPAL. Secretary - - - C. I. GarpIner, Esq. Treasurer - - W.M. Baker, Esq. LIST, OF ),) MEMBERS. EASTER TERM, 1899. LIFE MEMBERS. Balfour, J. Kent Ponsonby Black Lathbury Roberts Bouch Lee Samuelson Collett, L. G. Lloyd Saunders, H. R. Congreve, F. L. Mackie Sharp Copland Macrea Shaw, G. H. Currie Martin, N. Sington Dodington Maitland Sparrow Dunsterville, K. Milton, T. Spencer Fitzherbert Moore Stranack Footner Moss Stuart Fort Murray, G. M. Thomas Fry Murray, M. Tillard Grieve Neame Upton Hare Noad White Harrison, A. Oliver Whittuck Hawkins Oppenheim, G. Wilson Hill-Thomson Peel Wells Hodson Penny, H. Wolff Houston _ Adams Adamthwaite _ Anderson Armitage Aston Bake Balfour, H. _ Beazeley Begbie _ Bickerdike Blockley Blundell Bride _ Brinton Burke, E. - Burke, H. _ Campbell, J. Donald Cardew, E. B. Cardew, J. H. _ Chapman, H. A. W. G. LIST OF MEMBERS,” ORDINARY MEMBERS. Ezra, E. Ferguson Flack Fowke Fox Frazer Freeland Furnell ’ Furse Gale Gard’ner Gardiner Gatacre, G. Glanvile Griffiths Grylls Guthrie Hadden Haldinstein Hamilton Handley Handy Harries Holford Holliday Howlden James Jenkins Johnston Ker Kershaw King Knowling Lamotte Lemon Lesser Lewis Locke Long Lowther Macalister Macintosh Macpherson Maitland-King Martin, A. Meyer Milton, R. Mitchell-Dawson, D. Mitchell-Dawson, H. Mortimore Moore Moutray Nathan Nicholls Nicholson Norton Oakey Ogle Oppenheim, D. Payne Penny, R. Perkins Phillips Piggott Porteous Porter de Perigny Quill Raper Redfern Rendle Roberts, A. Robinson Salter Sawyer Seaton-Taylor Shaw, G. M. Sherwill Sidebottom Simpson Sloan Solomon, D. Solomon, L. Steel Stephen _Stockwell Studd, E. G. Talbot Thrupp Thwaite, H. Torr Trewheler Turner Tyzack Watson-Smyth Wells Williams It 12 Balfour, J. Bickerdike Bird Black Bouch Bride Brinton Campbell, J. Donald Clarke, G. Collett, L. G. Congreve, F. L, Congreve, W. M. Copland Crosse Currie Dicken Dobell Dodington Dunsterville, K. Fitzherbert Fort Fowke Fry Greer, C. I. Grieve Handley Hare Harrison, A. Adams Adamthwaite Allan Allen Anderson Armitage Aston Bake Balfour, H. Beazeley Begbie Bignell Blockley Blundell Browning C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. SUMMER TERM, 1899. LIFE MEMBERS. : Hawkins Hill-Thomson Hodson Holford Holliday Houston Jenkins Johnston, A. Kent Lee Lloyd Mackie Macrae Martin, A. Martin, N. Maitland Milton, T. Moore Mortimore Murray, G. M. Neame Noad Oakey Oliver Oppenheim, G. Peel Penny, H. Phillips ORDINARY MEMBERS. Burke, E. Burke, H. Capel- Davies . Cardew, E. B. Cardew, J. H. Chapman Chapman Chard Cheeke Clark, G. M. Clarke, G. Clarke, G. A. E. Clarke, R. C. Clarke, T. Collett, S. Ponsonby Roberts Samuelson Sanders Sawyer Sharp Shaw, G. H. Sington Sloan Sparrow Spencer Stephen Stranack Stuart Thomas Thwaite Tillard Unett Upton White Whittuck Wilkins Wilson Wells Wolff : f Piggott : . Congreve, C. R Cooper Cooper Corfield Crailsheim Crosse Courtney Cox Davids Davidson Dickinson Dill Dixon Dunsterville, G. Earle Edwards _ Elworthy - Exham Ezra, D. _ Ezra, E. Ferguson Flack Fox Fraser Freeland ‘Furnell _ Furse Gale ‘ i Gard’ner _ Gatacre, G. Glanvile Griffiths Grylls a Guthrie LIST OF MEMBERS, Knowling Kruger Laming Lamotte Lemon Lesser Lewis Lock Long Lowther Macalister Macintosh Macpherson McCulloch Maitland-King Meyer Milton, R. Mitchell-Dawson, D. Mitchell-Dawson, H. Moore Moores Morris Murray, G. Moutray Nathan Nicholls Nicholson Norton Ogle Oppenheim, D. Orr-Ewing Payne LIFE MEMBERS. Clarke, G. Collett, S. Congreve, F. L. Congreve, W. M. Copland Corfield Crailsheim Crosse Currie Davids Dicken Penny, R. Perkins Porteous Porter de Perigny Quill Raper Redfern Rendle Roberts, A. Robinson Salter Saunderson Seaton-Taylor Shaw, G. M. Sherwill Simpson Solomon, D. Solomon, L. Steel Stockwell Studd, E. G. Talbot Thwaite Torr Trewheler Turner Tyzack Watson-Smyth Wells Williams Wilson MICHAELMAS TERM, 1899. Dixon, O. Dobell Dunn Dunsterville, K. Fitzherbert Fort Fowke Fox Fraser Fry Gardiner 13 14 Glanvile Greer, C. I. Hadden Haldinstein Handley Hare Harrison, A. Hawkins Hodson Holford Holliday Jenkins Johnston, A. Kent Lee Lloyd Long Macalister Mackie Martin, N. Adamthwaite Allan Allen Anderson Aston Bake Balfour, H. Beazeley Begbie Bignell Blockley ~ Blundell Bourke Browning Burke, E. Burke, H. Capel-Davies Cardew, E. B. Cardew, J. H. Chapman Chapman Chard Cheeke Clarke, G. A. E. Clarke, R. C. Clarke, T. Milton, R. Milton, T. Moore Neame Nicholls Oakey Oliver Oppenheim, G. Peel Penny, H. Penny, R. Phillips Piggott Ponsonby Radcliffe Raper Salter Sanders, H. R. Sawyer Seaton-Taylor ORDINARY MEMBERS. Cohen, D. Cohen, E. Collett, S. Congreve, C. R. Conran Cooper Cooper Courtney Cox Davidson Davies Davis, F. Davis, W. Dickinson Dill Dunsterville, G. Earle Edwards Elworthy Exham Ezra, D. Ezra, E. Ferguson Flack Freeland Furnell Furse C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Sharp Shaw, G. H. Sherwill Sington Sloan Spencer Stephen Stranack Thomas Tillard Torr Unett White Whittuck Wilkins Wilson Wells Wolff Young, J. A. R. Young, C. A. E. Gale Gatacre Gatacre, G. Greer, T. Griffiths Grylls Guthrie Handy Hamilton Harington Harries Herbert Hetherington Higgon Hill Howe Howell Howlden James Ker Kershaw King Klein Knowling Kruger Laming M aitland-King Maxwell + ny itchell-Dawson, D. . ; Mitchell-Dawson, H. LIST OF MEMBERS, Moutray Nathan Nicholson Norton O’ Donel Ogle Oppenheim, D. Orr-Ewing Payne Pemberton Perkins Porteous Porter Quill Radcliffe, F. V. Redfern Rendle Roberts, A. Robinson Russell Samuelson, E. Samuelson, V. Saunderson Shaw, G. M. Simpson Solomon, D. Solomon, L. Steel Stockwell Studd, E. G. Talbot > Thwaite Trewheler Turner Tyzack Vicat Watson-Smyth Wheeler Williams Willoughby 15 16 LECTURES AND EXCURSIONS: ... Lecture on Animal Coloration, by S. D. Scott, Esq. .. Excursion to Birdlip. .. Excursion to Colesbourne. ... Excursion to Wainlode. .. Excursion to Andoversford. .. Lecture on The Deep Blue Sea, by C. I. Gardiner, Esq. .. Lecture on Indian Architecture, by S. H. Reynolds, Esq. .. Lecture on Hailes Abbey, by Rev. W. Bazeley, O.C. C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. ~ Lecture on Meteorology, by M. Ll. Evans, Esq., O.C. C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 17 ; ARTICLES PRESENTED TO MUSEUM DURING THE YEAR. Articles. Presented by. ... Dervish’s Sword, Spears, and Bernous, from Omdurman Clinton E. Dawkins, Esq.,O.C. ...Mandrin Gold Fish ... ... Mr. R. A. Watkins. ...Cocoon of Lesser Moth ... Ll.Bullock-Webster,Esq.,O.C. ... Two Grass-body Dresses (S. India) cae) pao, «gel epeome. Jiscr., fO-C. SutlamiasmN ey 2. .;. | ou eee HowldennC. ...Five Spears, Knife, Sheath, Shield, and Ear-rings _... T. A. Vans-Best, Esq. ...Moon Stone... ... ... —. Clay, Esq. ...Four ‘Travancore Coins... J. Rohde, Esq., O.C. ....wo Green Parrots and Apteryx ... ... ... ... Mr. Banning. ...Fossils and Minerals .... ... Mrs. Falkener. ...Dervish’s Saddle, from Om- aurnman 2.8 pr ¢.. .2 Weld.©-Despard, Esq: O.C. ...Four Birds’ Nests... ... J. H. Cardew, C. ...Tussock Moth tic... .cEReDinony Esq., :O.C. ...Programme... ... .-. ... Ll. Bullock-Webster,Esq.,O.C. ...Nest of Long-tailed Tit ... Miss M. Cox. ...Nest of Nightingale ... .. Miss M. Edmeades. ...Birds from Brazil ..._... LI. Bullock-Webster, Esq.,0.C. ...Nest of Lesser Redpole ... W. Chard, C. 18 Cc.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. : ’ Date. Article, Presented by June 20...Oolite Fossils... ... ... S..S, Buckman, Esq. July - -7...Nest of Willow Wren... .... W. W. Wilson,,C. » 15...Egg of Siskin .. ... ... R. V. D. Holwell, C. August 9...Old Terra Cotta from Italy... Hon. W. G. Thesiger, O.C. » .9-.Lailof Lyre Bird ... ... Rev. P. Hattersley Smith. Sept. 9...Dried Fruit and Newspaper from-oitm... ... as ... HD: Wills, Esq O.G) 22...Skin of Boa - pee nS —. Studd, Hsqi ene: » 24...Skull of Leopard ... ... Evelyn Gray, Esq., O.C. » 27...Butterflies from S. America T. G. Blackmore, Esq., O.C. CIClO., Freee JOY..c, ca.) eee. <). PlackoG; Nov. 4...Burmese Butterflies ... ... Mrs. Banks. », 20...Collection of British Birds BGS ie te tree Saami. 2s GIMGMersneminee 9 o27-0tued. Redstart... Wien.) Wi Dixon,iG. Dec. 12.. Several Articles, including 2 Saw of Saw Fish and Nest | of Weaver Bird... ..._... Dr. Phillips. 12.. Seven Birds from India ... —. Browne, Esq. ion Le. Almmnionites.->'... + Joe e-.: Dry Butler: C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 19 Eeports from Sections. FOUL ARCHAEOLOGICAL _SECTION. President: A. S. OWEN, Esa. MEMBERS : T. Boucn. E. A. H. JAMEs. J. G. Buack. E. C. WILLOUGHBY. J. R. BALFour. G. R. Murray (Jan.-July —Sec.) H. R. C. BALFour. R. GLANVILE (Sept.-Dec.—Sec.) N 1898 this section had especial opportunities at the general meetings ; this year none of the excursions gave the arch- aeologist much of a chance, but two of the lectures have been on. subjects which should be of special interest to our section, namely Mr. S. H. Reynolds’ lecture on Indian Architecture, which was illustrated by most beautiful lantern slides, and the extremely interesting lecture on the recent excavations at Hailes A bey, delivered by the Rev. W. Bazeley, O.C. In connection with last it may be stated that it is hoped during the present year to members of the N.H.S. see something of the excavations in 1al operation. Two sectional excursions were made to Southam de-la-Bere, one he Summer, and the other in the Autumn term. In the first we tigated the little Norman Church, restored by Lord Ellenborough filled with memorials to his friends, and the two ancient and mely picturesque farmhouses. In the second, by the kindness e trustees, we were enabled to go over the mansion and see the us treasures it contained. We also had time to visit the esting Church at Bishop’s Cleeve which has several features of uarian interest. 20 C.C, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. BOTANICAL SECTION. SENIOR. President: Rev. J. R. WyNNE-EDWARDS. Secretary: C. H. C. Noap (1). JUNIOR. President: F. J. Capr, Esq. WORKING MEMBERS. SENIOR. Banks, P. D’A. (4) (5). KRuGER, C. H. (A7.) SALTER, W. E. (S.) CONGREVE, C. (Cc.) OctzE, II. (0.) SANDERS, H. R. (3.) CONGREVE W. M. (C.) PassINGHAM, C. W. (Ps.) SAWYER, R. E. (Sa.) CurRIE, M. M. L. (2). PERKINS, G. (/¢.) TURNER; R. M. (7) Grant, E. B. (G.) -POTTINGER, J. A. (P.) Unett, W, H. (U.) Hopson, T. A. (2) REDFERN, J. (Ze.) WatteErR, A. T. (W.) Kintocy, R. I. (£.) RosertTs, A. A. (#.) (4). Younec,G.A.W.(¥.)(3). (1) Winner of Prize in 1895. (2) as 7 1896. (3) ” 1898. (Ave igs » 1899. (5) aS Junior Prize in 1898. The initials in Italics refer to the list of records. SENIOR DEPARTMENT. SSAPAY E have to record the results of a very successful season, although there have not been as many additions as usual to our sist of local flowers, which is now becoming fairly complete. The competition for the prize was very close, and would have been still closer if the Congreves had not BOTANICAL SECTION. 21 been absent from College for a fortnight. There were seven com- petitors, of whom the following got over 50 specimens. : A. A. Roberts Ce GAT J. A. Pottinger ee © . G. A. W. Young «0 343) : sae? Kanloch aA yh W. M. Congreve aeeugos C. H. Kruger we 65 C. Congreve Sh ok A. T. Walter 2466 R. M. Turner ee LOA J. Redfern se S2 E. B. Grant Beh 7 There were four expeditions during the Summer term. ; On Friday, May 26th, we went to Birdlip, ro7 species were found in all, including Atropa Belladonna (Deadly Nightshade), but we _ failed to find the Fly Orchid. On Friday, June gth, there was an expedition to Hilcot and - Colesbourne, when Convallaria Majolis (Lily of the Valley), Cepha- - lanthera Grandiflora (White Helleborine), Polygonatum Angulare . (Solomon’s Seal) and Valeriana Dioica (Marsh Valerian) were found. On Saturday, July 8th, we went to Wainlode Hill. The Botanical Section “‘detrained ” at Coombe Hill and walked along the old canal ~ to the Severn, and several additions were made to our list of local _ plants, Cuscuta Europaea (Greater Dodder), Lithospermum Arvense (Corn Gromwell) and Hydrocharis Morsus-ranae (Frogbit). The last grows very plentifully but somehow had been overlooked. ~Oenanthe Phellandrium (Fine-leaved Water Dropwort), Butomus - Umbellatus (Flowering Rush) and Scutellaria Galericulata (Scull Cap) were also found. One hundred and thirty-six in all were recorded. ’ On Tuesday, July 18th, we drove to Andoversford and walked through Sevenhampton and Puckham Woods. No less than 178 species were found, including Ranunculus Flammula (Spearwort), Geranium Columbinum (Long-stalked Cran esbill), Carduus Eriophorus (Woolly Thistle), Campanula Hybrida (Corn Bell Flower), Epipactis ‘Palustris (Marsh Helleborine) and Eriophorum Polystachyum (Cotton Grass). The number of plants on our list is now 540. JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. _ The records were unfortunately lost, so that we are unable to give report of the work done. 22 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. ' LIST OF FLOWERS, WITH DATES OF FIRST BLOOM. Latin Name. English Name. Date. Record. Clematis Vitalba Traveller’s Joy oo July 916). Ye ike Anemone Nemorosa Wood Anemone .. Mar. 28.. W. Ranunculus Aquatilis Water Crowfoot . May Io.. Y. a Flammula Spearwort se June 25 Rs 45 Ficaria Celandine oe) MCD 2a emine o5 Sceleratus Celery-leaved Crowfoot.. June 1.. R. a Auricomus Goldilocks .. May 6.. K. 55 Acris .. April 30.. C. “es Repens Common Buttercup . May 15.. T. 3 Bulbosus 2 April 15-5 ¥orG: rr Arvensis Corn Buttercup a June 25.0 vee s Ge, - ‘3 Hederaceus Water Crowfoot . May 20.. R. [Ps. Thalictrum Flavum Meadow Rue Helleborus Viridis Green Hellebore - Feb. 25.. F.&.WZ. Caltha Palustris Marsh Marigold - Mar. 30s ; Aquilegia Vulgaris Columbine . Berberis Vulgaris Common Barberry Nuphar Lutea Yellow Water Lily - June 5-.5R: Nymphza Alba White Water Lily Papaver Rhoeas Field Poppy ve, [ner siareine 3 Dubium Long-headed Poppy . June 1S ve as Argemone Pale Poppy «. May 12) 5¥, Chelidonium Majus Common Celandine . May. aa GC: Fumaria Officinalis >,» Fumitory . June’ ire. RE Corydalis Lutea Yellow is . July, 25. Wa Cheiranthus Cheiri Wall Flower i (nes) eee Barbarea Vulgaris Yellow Rocket », May, Lr .nC: Nasturtium Officinale Common Water Cress .. May 26.. Y. fe Palustre Marsh Ar « July. "S2Pve RSC: cS Amphibium Great “s «ah Junes 1G eee. Arabis Hirsuta Hairy Rock Cress se May, a5sauGe Cardamine Amara Large Bitter Cress « May 26.0. Yours PP Pratensis Cuckoo Flower . Mar. 8.. Y, T, W. 4 Impatiens Narrow-leaved Bitter Cress 35 Hirsuta Hairy Bitter Cress . Mar. 14.. K. Hesperis Matronalis Dame’s Violet Sisymbrium Officinale Yellow Hedge Mustard.. May 21.. C. Alliaria Officinale Garlic Mustard «« May G27 eKS Erysimum Cheiranthoides.. Treacle Mustard = ulys 27cm Brassica Muralis Wall Brassica . May “9..0G te Oleracea Cabbage sw pJIE) FO. aan ey : +: Campestris Field Brassica on July S2ceciks ; ~ Alba Cultivated Mustard » JJune 2182. 8R: + Sinapistrum Charlock . May 15.. R, Kr, O Latin Name. Brassica Nigra _ Draba Muralis 5, £xVerna Thlaspi Arvense aA Draba = Smithii % a Didyma - Tberis Amara _ Isatis Tinctoria Trinervis _ Arvense ‘Stellaria Aquatica Media 3, Uliginosa >, Graminea Holostea Dubium Viola Odorata » Hirta 5, Canina y> Tricolor mis Vespertina Diurna Githago Flos-cuculi Catharticum Rotundifolia Sylvestris Cochlearia Armoracia a5 Officinalis _ Capsella Bursa-pastoris Lepidium Campestre _ Senebiera Coronopus _ Arenaria Serpyllifolia Be Quadrangulum.. Aa Humifusum 5) Pulchrum Hirsutum BOTANICAL SECTION. English Name. Date. Black Mustard . June 15.. Horse Radish SOG Tse oe YR Scurvy Grass Wall Whitlow Grass . Mar. 31.. Common ES . Feb. 26.. Penny Cress Shepherd’s Purse a fU eb 5 26.7. Common Pepperwort .. July §8.. Hoary Cress Smith’s ,, . May 30 Common Wart Cress - July tr. Lesser 5: . May I5.. Candytuft Woad >» June Ur. Thyme-leaved Gamrort May 21 Three-nerved fe . May a1 Common Mouse-ear Chickweed May o9.. Field 53 ote belie tae Water Starwort . July 1. Chickweed aeeba att). Bog Starwort Lesser 3 . June 18.. Common ,, me Mays 75, Commen St. John’ Wort... July 4. Imperforate a . July 22. Square-stalked ,, » June 24. Trailing ar Slender a Hairy «> . June 18.. Dyer’s Weed -. June 18. Cut Leaved Mignonette.. July 23. Rock Rose - June 4.. Sweet Violet - Mar. 22. Hairy ,, Dog 5, .. Mar. 26.. Pansy -. May 26. Milkwort . May 26.. Bladder Campion . June 25.. White ad +» May 24.. Red ae we May 5H. Corn Cockle - July 23. Ragged Robin .. June 4.. Procumbent Pearlwort .. May 14.. Knotted cf a [tly ee Purging Flax . May 16.. Dwarf Mallow - July 14. Common ,, . June op On Ape n Op ROR 7 See » | Campestris Medicago Sativa », Lupulina Melilotus Officinalis Trifolium Arvense » Hybridum a Incarnatum a5 Pratense 53 Repens Procumbens FF Minus Lotus Corniculatus Anthyllis Vulneraria Hippocrepis Comosa Onobrychis Sativa Vicia Tetrasperma »» Hirsuta 5) Gracca » sylvatica 9» Sepium oe 9) Sativa Lathyroides Lathyits: Pratensis “ig »» sylvestris »» Macrorrhizus Prunus Communis me Tuberous Bitter Vetch .. Blackthorn ¢.c. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. English Name. Date. Record. Musk Mallow * Julys Zoe Lime . June 21.. Y. Meadow Cranesbill . June’ 9.- Y- Herb-Robert «- May: x3. oGe Dove’s-foot Cranesbill .. May 19.. R. Jagged sp . May 26.. Y. Shining i, o Jily eee Small-flower ,, Long-stalked ,, « July “Zeno Wood a5 Common Storksbill Wood Sorrel .. May 6.. K. Yellow Balsam Maple a» May 2477. (@yece Sycamore .. May Tors €. Holly . May 217. ©. Spindle Tree . Juoe oF. Ry as Buckthorn Gorse «. Feboo 2-caGe Dyer’s Greenweed - July © rev eyes ’ Broom .. June 16. CLG. [Ps. Common Rest Harrow .. June 25.. R. Spiny ,, Ss . June 30. ¥, Cee: Lucern Nonsuch +» May 1g. SG, Melilot . July? SS Y,(GpiGes Hare’s Foot Trefoil [Ps. Alsike Clover Crimson ,, oo July? Ware: Purple A ~- Maye ae Ke Dutch 4, .. June 4% VS Cetee Hop Trefoil .. May 25582 Lesser ,, .. May” 625 Gree Bird’s Foot Trefoil oo Mayo 20eeeme Kidney Vetch .. July 23.. ¥,R. Horse-Shoe Vetch «June 245506 Sainfoin . June 4788 Slender Vetch - June ‘GA "CIs Hairy > Tufted x . June 23.. R. Wood 4 . June 25.. T, W, G. Bush oe ~. May rere. Common _,, . May 13.. R. Spring a9 Yellow “0 . June 1.. R. Everlasting ,, . June 24.. i April 15.. . April 7.- Latin Name. Prunus Cerasus “5 Padus Spiraea Ulmaria a3 Filipendula Geum Urbanum Rubus Idaeus Fruticosus Corylifolius s> Caesius Fragaria Vesca Potentilla Fragariastrum Reptans Tormentilla a Anserina Alchemilla Vulgaris _ Sanguisorba Officinalis Poterium Sanguisorba _ Agrimonia Eupatoria Rosa Canina 3, Arvensis Pyrus Communis Malus we Aucuparia Aria »» Torminalis - Crataegus Oxyacantha Epilobium Angustifolium .. Fe Hirsutum Parviflorum Montanum By Tetragonum Retcara Lutetiana - Oenothera Biennis Lythrum Salicaria 23 29. 2? ‘ ” 22 2” Cotyledon Umbilicus Sedum Rhodiola Album Acre Rupestre » Telephium mper-virens Tectorum s Grossularia 3 Rubrum Saxifraga Granulata Tridactylites ae Umbrosa - .. oo” 99 ES ~ _- BOTANICAL SECTION. 25 English Name. Date Record. Cherry May 7.. Y,C. Bird Cherry Meadowsweet -» June 22.. T, Dropwort Wood Avens . May 21.. C. Raspberry Common Blackberry June 25.. C. Hazel-leaved ,, . June g.. P. Dewberry . May 29.. C. True Strawberry . May 13.. C. Barren Strawberry .. Mar. 12.. R. Creeping Cinquefoil ss Judes bes Tormentil . May 18.. R. Silverweed . May 2o0.. K. [Ps. Lady’s Mantle . May 26.. Y, R, Ky, Great Burnet June 20.. F.R.WLE Saiad_ ,, . May 24.. P. Agrimony July 1.. Y, C, Cc, Dog Rose June 1.. R. [Ps. Trailing ,, June 25.. Y. Pear SAE a Zins Ws Apple - May 7.. Y. Mountain Ash . May 24.. Y. Beam Tree sy JUDE =, divi) Vo. Re Service Tree Hawthorn . May 14.. K. Rose-bay Willow Here June 29.. Y. Hairy Sees sioe se ue 24 5/6) (. Small-flowered,, ,, .. July 9.. Y,R, T. Common 507 8 35 June 24.. Y, R. Square 3 .. July 23.. Y. Enchanter’s Nightshade. a fat e be Evening Primrose Purple Loosestrife pe [ttle aac Yep ay Ce Bryony .. May 29.. K, Ce. Pennywort Rose-root Stonecrop White oh .. July 9g.. Y. Biting - June 7.. Y. Rock ar Orpine Houseleek Gooseberry Red Currant Meadow Saxifrage Rue-leaved os London Pride -» May 24.. R, T 26 Latin Name. Chrysosplenium Oppositi- folium.. A Alternifolium.. Parnassia Palustris Sison Amomum Carum Carvi » Segetum Sanicula Europea Apium Graveolens » Nodiflorum Aegopodium Podagraria Petroselinum Sativa Pimpinella Saxifraga Oenanthe Fistulosa + Phellandrium as Pimpenelloides .. Silaus Pratensis Aethusa Cynapium Peucadanum Ostruthium Pastinaca Sativa Heracleum Spondylium Scandix Pecten-Veneris’ .. Bunium Flexuosum Chaerophyllum Sylvestre .. ae Temulum .. ap Anthriscus.. Caucalis Nodosa »» Anthriscus Daucus Carrota Conium Maculatum Smyrnium Olusatrum Viscum Album Cornus Sanguinea Adoxa Moschatellina Sambucus Nigra Viburnum Lantana ” Opulus Lonicera Periclymenum .. Galium Cruciatum of Verum 53 Palustre op Uliginosum ae Saxatile ss Mollugo “ns Aparine Asperula Odorata a Cynanchica Sherardia Arvensis English Name. Golden Saxifrage 99 ” Grass of Parnassus Hedge Sison Caraway > Wood Sanicle Celery Procumbent Celery Goutweed Parsley Burnet Saxifrage Water Dropwort Fine-leaved ,, Parsley 75 Pepper Saxifrage Fool’s Parsley Masterwort Parsnip Cow Parsnip Shepherd’s Needle Earth Nut Wild Chervil Rough ,, Burr 7 Knotted Hedge Parsley Upright ,, “A Carrot Hemlock Alexanders Mistletoe Dogwood Moschatel Elder Wayfaring Tree Guelder Rose Honeysuckle Crosswort Yellow Bedstraw Marsh of Bog ” Rock 4 Great Hedge Bedstraw .. Cleavers Woodruff Squinancywort Field Madder C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Date. Record, as Neby > 27 amavis . July gr.. R. 2, Mayor nse « July 21a » July: 12 eNeCc » July 18h seve =) Une airmen « july" FSeave eG » July” “rs. SEC; Gols . June rors ves: aa) July” \2areenneces « July “rer aRie ee . May 26.. C. . May 26.. C. . Mar. 4a. eos “ K. . July “15* YeG3Gane .. July’ “1.. ¥,Ci@arks .. Apnillsrsa.7 Bs . Mar. 12.. T, W. .. June “Er. ks » May “ors .. June “a Gace . May 252 eaten. . June “reece » June’ “472 Geers . May 4.0 G : June txts » June =25ieee 2 June S27 eie . july 2eserce June 3.> Y,R,/GGe ., May (210 eG; . May 14.. K. » Jne rs . May 26.. Y, BOTANICAL SECTION. 27 Latin Name. English Name. Date. Record, _ Valeriana Officinalis ..» Great Valerian - June 25.. : » Dioica Marsh ,, . May 14.. Y. _Valerianella Olitoria Lamb’s Lettuce Satine 4iany -Centranthus Ruber Red Valerian ee ayaa Dera ON _ Dipsacus Pilosus Small Teasel 3 2 >, Sylvestris Common ,, .. July 23.. Y,R. " Scabiosa Succisa .- Devil’s-bit Scabious .. July 4.. R. AR Columbaria Small Fe . July 7.. R, Ps aA Arvensis . Field 63 . June 27.. Y, R. _ Eupatorium Cannabinum ... Hemp Agrimony . July 20.. T. -Tussilago Farfara Colt’s Foot . Feb. 14.. Y,T,W,K. . a Petasites Butterbur -. Mar. 31.. Y. _ Gnaphalium Gallicum Narrow Cudweed a 26 Sylvaticum Wood i Inula Dysenterica Fleabane .. July 18,. C. 4, Coniza Ploughman’s Spikenard », Pulicaria Small Fleabane : Helenium Elecampane Bealidago Virga-aurea Golden rod Bellis Perennis .. Daisy PRED A Bint he Chrysanthemum Leucan- ; themum.. Dog Daisy . May 27.. R. 3A Inodorum.. Feverfew .. May 26.. Y, R, P. » Segetum ..» Corn Marigold . July 2.. R. _Matricaria Chamomilla Camomile . Mar. 31.. Y. _Anthemis Cotula Stinking Mayweed . July 4.. R. - Arvensis Corn Camomile chillea Millefolium Yarrow . June 6.. R. Ptarmica . Sneezewort Tanacetum Vulgare .. Tansy . July 22.. Y,R, Ce. temesia Vulgaris Mugwort . July 22.. Y,R. enecio oA .. Groundsel siFebs~ 222 Y. Sylvaticus +» Wood Groundsel Erucifolius .. Narrow-leaved Ragwort.. July 29.. R. Aquaticus Marsh 5 Jacobaea ..» Common 39 . June 27.. R. ium Lappa . Burdock . July 20.. T, C. atula. Tinctoria Sawwort . July 1.. Y,C,Cc,Ps. rduus Nutans Musk Thistle . June 13.. Ps. Acanthoides Welted ,, .. July 18.. C, Cc. Lanceolatus Spear 55 . july 4.. C. Palustris .. Marsh ,, .. May 24.. R. Arvensis Creeping ,, .» June 22.. Y. Pratensis .. Meadow ,, ; Acaulis Dwarf ,, +. June 25.. T. Pycnocephalus .. Slender ,, . july 8.. R. Eriophorus +» Woolly ,, -. July 18.. Y,R,T, C, & fina . Vulgaris Carline ,, +s July 16.. Y,R. (Ce. 28 C.C. NATURAL Latin Name. Centaurea Nigra on Scabiosa =F Cyanus Tragopedon Pratensis Helminthia Echioides Picris Hieracioides Leontodon Hispidus Hypochaeris Radicata Lactuca Muralis Sonchus Arvensis ay Oleraceus Taraxacum Dens-leonis Crepis Virens >», Biennis »» Taraxacifolia Hieracium Pilosella = Murorum on Aurantiacum Cichorium Intybus Lapsana Communis Campanula Glomerata 99 Trachelium FY Rapunculoides.. ss Rotundifolia os Hybrida Monotropa Hypopitys Primula Veris + Vulgaris es Elatior ; Lysimachia Vulgaris a Nemorum tos Nummularia .. Anagallis Arvensis Pinguicula Vulgaris Fraxinus Excelsior Ligustrum Vulgare Vinca Major », Minor Erythraea Centaurium Gentiana Campestris Menyanthes Trifoliata Limnanthemum Nymphae- oides Chlora Perfoliata Convolvulus Arvensis of Sepium Cuscuta Europza Echium Vulgare English Name. Black Knapweed Scabious ,, Cornflower Goat’s Beard Ox-tongue Hawkweed Picris Hawkbit Cat’s Ear Wall Lettuce Corn Sow Thistle Common Fy, Dandelion Common Crepis Rough re Beaked ‘es Mouse-ear Hawkweed Wall is Orange % Succory op Nipplewort ., Clustered Bell Flower Nettle-leaved ,, Creeping L Harebell Corn Bell Flower Bird’s Nest Cowslip Primrose Oxlip Yellow Loosestrife Moneywort Creeping Jenny Scarlet Pimpernel Butterwort Ash Privet Greater Periwinkle Lesser mh Centaury Common Gentian Buckbean VYellowwort Small Bind Weed Great > Greater Dodder Viper’s Bugloss HISTORY SOCIETY, Date. . June . July .. June .. May .. July . July . June . June . June . June - June . Feb. . June . June . June . June ~. June . July . June .. June . July .. July . July .. April . Feb. .. May . July . June .. June . May . June .. April . Margie: . July 20.. Ae Ligne 26.. be 18.. ot; Boas 18.. 25s 30.. 14.. 265. 8. Di agi Phi DEsic 16.. july 18... /¥, R, T. Thyme-leavedSpeedwell.. May g.. K. Common 3 . June 25.. G. Waier = » June 3.. R. Brooklime ey - May 26.. Y. Mountain 4 . May 26.. R. Germander 33 . May 1.. R. Ivy-leaved 8 - May to.. Y, T, W. Procumbent re Feb. 26.. Y. Buxbaum’s A July 18.. Y, C, Ce Wall ne June 25.. C, Cc. Red Bartsia . July t.. Y. Eye-bright . May 26.,G. Yellow Rattle . June 1.. R, T. Marsh Lousewort . May 6.. K, Common 69 .. Cow Wheat .. Water Mint Whorled a . July 8.. Y, R,C. 30 Latin Name. Mentha Rotundifolia », Piperita Thymus Serpyllum Origanum Vulgare Calamintha Acinos ” nA Officinalis Nepeta Glechoma Prunella Vulgaris Scutellaria Galericulata Marrubium Vulgare Stachys Betonica 3, Sylvatica », Palustris », Arvensis Galeopsis Ladanum Ae Tetrahit Ballota Nigra Lamium Purpureum Album Maculatum Galeobdolon Amplexicaule 5 Incisum Teucrium Scorodonia Ajuga Reptans Armeria Plantaginea Plantago Major Media mf, Lanceolata Chenopodium Bonus- ” Henricus.. Urbicum Murale Album ‘A Rubrum Atriplex Patula Rumex Acetosa Acetosella », Obtusifolius », Crispus »» Hydropathalium Polygonum Fagopyrum Aviculare Convolvulus Amphibium Persicaria ” Clinopodium .. Lapathafolium a English Name. Round-leaved Mint Pepper ” Thyme Marjoram Basil Thyme Wild Basil Common Calamint Ground Ivy Self Heal Scull Cap White Horehound Betony Hedge Woundwort Marsh - Corn = Red Hemp Nettle Common ,, Black Horehound Red Dead Nettle White “ Spotted ,, Yellow ,, Henbit ,, Small - Wood Germander Bugle Plantain Thrift Great Plantain Hoary “33 Ribwort ,, Good King Henry Upright Goosefoot Nettle-leaved ,, White as Red 5 Orache Common Sorrel Sheep's “ Common Dock Curled a3 Water 5 Buckwheat Knot Grass Black Bindweed Amphibious Bistort Persicaria Pale Bistort C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Date. Record. . July 29.. R. June 11.. R. July 15.. Y,R June 25.. R. July 18.. Y,R,T,C, [Ce. . Mar. 12.. R. June 18.. T. July 8.. Y, R,C. July on... Wei, (Ce; June 25.. T. [Ps. June 11.. K. July 6.. R,C. July 9.. R. . June 25.. Y¥,/C; Ge . Mar Tie Reeve Feb. 14.. Y. . June 25.5 W,DyiGe «. May Jes Ye » July* -221G7Ce . May 3S. oe . June 25.. R. . May 28.. K. . May 7.. Kr, C July 18.. R,Y,C, Cc July 12.. R,C. «» June 255.0'G, Ge: os July -18..9G; oo July *2gcceiks .. May 30.. C. ao May Size . June 16.. R. +» June 25.. Y. .. July 8.. R, ¥;@ «July ~ "92 e¥e . June 25.. C, Ce. «« une 25). ve .« July ~8. "Rive _ Latin Name. Euphorbia Helioscopia > Peplus - Exigua “5 Amygdaloides 5 Platyphyllos a Lathyris Mercurialis Perennis _ Callitriche Aquatica Urtica Urens >> Dioica Parietaria Officinalis Humulus Lupulus Ulmus Campestris >», Montana _ Alnus Glutinosa _ Betula Alba Carpinus Betulus ~ Corylus Avellana _ Fagus Sylvatica ~ Quercus Robur _ Salix Capreea _,, Purpurea », Fragalis mm ,, Alba - Populus Nigra ‘Pinus Sylvestris _ Taxus Baccata Typha Latifolia Sparganum Ramosum _ Acorus Calamus Arum Maculatum Triglochin Palustre ‘Butomus Umbellatus Epipactis Latifolia Palustris Led Orchis Morio— -,, Maculata >» Mascula >, Latifolia _,,° Pyramidalis 4, Conopsea Aydrocharis Morsus-ranae. . C phalanthera Grandiflora.. BOTANICAL SECTION. English Name. Sun Spurge Petty ,, Small ,, Wood ,, Broad ,, Caper ,. Dog’s Mercury Water Starwort Small Nettle Common ,, Pellitory -of-the-Wall Hop Common Elm Wych ” Alder Birch Hornbeam Hazel Nut Beech Oak Sallow Willow Purple AS Crack 53 White ia Black Poplar Scotch Fir Yew Bulrush Branched Bur-reed Sweet Flag Lords and Ladies Pondweed Arrowgrass Flowering Rush Arrowhead Water Plantain Frogbit Broad Helleborine Marsh 55 Large ie Twayblade Bird’s-nest Orchid Green-winged ,, Spotted ee Early Purple ,, Marsh 53 Pyramidal os Fragrant a5 31 Date. Record. . May a21.. C. . June 25.. R. » July - 13. ¥45 C, Ce; . Mar. 18.. B [Ps. Feb. 15.. R. July 1.. Y,C, Cc, June 1..R [Ps . June 4.. C, Cc. . May 22.. R. . July. g.. T. . Mar. 8.. Y,C. . Mar. 2.. Y, W. T Feb. 14.. Y. . May a21.. Y, T. > Mar. 08.0 VT. June 4.. C, Cc. . May 20.. C. . Mar. 20.. Y. June 3.. C. Feb. 26.. C. [Ps July 12-5 iC; Ce, july. Pur. Pace; Ce; . May 7.. C. lynsey 1CxGCe: July 18.. 7.2. W-E. July 7.. Y,C,R,Cc June 29.. Y, C, R. July 1.. Y,C,Cc,Ps. July 8.. Y,C,R. July 18.. Y,T,C,R, . June 3.. R. (Cc, Rf. . May 27.. C. . May 24.. C. . May 20.. R. . May 27.. Kr, P, U. . May 7.. Y. . June 25.. R. . June 25.. Y,T,C,R, . June 25.. T,R. [Cc,Ps. C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Latin Name. Habenaria Bifolia - Herminium Monorchis Ophrys Apifera »» Muscifera Iris Pseudacorus Narcissus Pseudonarcissus. . Galanthus Nivalis Tamus Communis Paris Quadrifolia Polygonatum Officinale a Multiflorum .. Convallaria Majalis Scilla Nutans OrnithogalumU mbellatum.. Allium Ursinum 5 Vineale Juncus Communis » Articulatus », Glaucus Obtusiflorus », Bufonius Luzula Pilosa Campestris 2? 9 Eriophorum Polystachyum. . Scirpus Sylvaticus », Palustris Carex Praecox Pendula », Glauca Blysmus Compressus 79 Anthoxanthum Odoratum .. Phalaris Canaricus Phleum Pratense Alopecurus Pratensis ae Geniculatus ” Agrestis Calamagrostis Epigeios Avena Fatua ArrhenatherumAvenaceum.. Holcus Lanatus 3» Mollis Hordeum Pratense xh Murinum Lolium Perenne Bromus Sterilis Dactylis Glomerata Cynosurus Cristatus Briza Media English Name. Date. Record. Butterfly re . June 8,. Y, K, Musk 3 Bee i -- June 25.2) T,C,Ge, Re Fly oF . May 27.. R. Yellow Flag -» June 29.. R. Lent Lily o» Mars 220.0 B. Snowdrop Black Bryony . June 247. G,)Ge: Herb Paris .. May 16..K Angular Solomon’s Seal.. June 9.. Y. Common . Jung 9.406 4G. Lily-of-the-Valley » June. »9..<<¥,,P, Rowe Wild Hyacinth « MaysivBuaeke Star of Bethlehem Common Garlic . May yosee Crow or » July Tek Common Rush . June 27.. ¥,R; Ps: Jointed 5 Hard . a» June 38..0me Obtuse ,, . july $3568. Toad + » July 12. ke Hairy Wood Rush os, May, 23 avr Field “EB . May -F oa Cotton Grass . June 25.. R. Wood Scirpus -. july 7,...@c Marsh _,, .. May. 70.. G..6c Early Sedge -. May ~2., ConG Pendulous ,, Glaucous ,, Broad Blismus »- May 28... My CG Vernal Grass » May j2nec. Canary ,, Timothy ,, oe July ait ee Meadow Foxtail Grass .. May 14.. Y. Marsh -_ 3s . we UVa Gee ain Slender > 55 - June 18.. Ps. Smallreed oy July, Sc Gone Wild Oat - June 20.. T, Ps. False ,, Common Holecus . June 18.. Y. Soft = eS Meadow Barley .. June 20.. G. Wall 5 . June 28.. C. Darnel . June 4... Gye: Barren Brome . June g.. R. Cock’s-foot Grass . June G..0Ge Dog’s-tail » o JUNE} 25)... Met re Quaking - +» June 11.. R, : Pratensis Be, _Nemoralis ,, Fluitans -Melica Uniflora Arvense os Telmateia lypodium Vulgare aD Phegopteris idium Filix-mas a i Aculeatum “ Angulare Asplenium Ruta-muraria .. Trichomanes “Ophioglossum Vulgatum .. Felix-foemina .. BOTANICAL SECTION. English Name. Common MeadowGrass.. Mar. 31.. 20.. (ioe 21.. Smooth 5 aa Wood As Ss Floating 53 i Wood Melick Mountain ,, Marsh Horse-tail Field a Great a Adder’s Tongue ~ Common Polypody Beech Male Fern Prickly Shield Fern 2? ” ” Wall Rue Spleenwort Black Lady Fern Hart’s Tongue Scaly Fern Bracken >? Date. .. June .. July .. June ane ee . May . May .. May . May . April .. April . May . June 20... 8.. 26.. . April 6.. . April 14.. 25.. me a gee ea oe Pane 33 Record. Qn . a8 by . QO . ic . 7 bd Se oe oD es x & 34 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION. President: J. C. SALTER, Esq. HE following gave in their names as intending collectors. Samuelson, Jenkins, Martin, H. Moore, R. Bignell, Gatacre, H. C. Dickenson and E. G. Studd. Only two, Moore and Bignell, sent in prize collections: the former’s were nicely set, but the number of varieties were small; while Bignell’s collection was perhaps the best in some ways that was ever sent in, containing about twenty varieties of Butterflies (including a large Tortoise-shell), and no less than eighty-eight different moths. The feature of the year was the large number of Red Admirals and Humming Bird Hawk moths: also, in places, of Clouded Yellows (Co/as Edusa). Amongst the Prize collection will be noted—Aphomia Sociella (or Colonedla) ; this is the only British species. Forewings reddish, white or grey : costa greenish, marked with dark zigzag transverse lines, and dark dots near the middle; hind wings grey: the cater- — pillar lives in wasps’ or humble bees’ nests, and remains there in the larval state. ‘This specimen was caught at a lamp-post towards the end of August. THE PRIZE COLLECTION OF MOTHS & BUTTERFLIES, — COLLECTED BY BIGNELL. (*Means that the specimen was caught near Cheltenham.) SPHINGES. *Privet Hawk a6 Se e Sphinx Ligustri. *Poplar Hawk Sis ae Ais Smerinthus populi. -Humming-bird Hawk *Cinnabar.. *Common Swift _ Wood Swift *Buff Ermine -*White Ermine Vapourer .. ite-spotted Paden ser-spotted Pinion leep Brown Dart.. ngleshades | Angleshades sht-line-brown Eye *Narrow bordered five-spotted Burnet.. ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION. Macroglossa stellatarum. Zygoena lonicerce. BOMBYCES. Euchelia Jacobzece. Hepialus lupulinus. Hepialus sylvinus. Spilosoma lubricipeda. Spilosoma menthrasti. Orgygia antiqua (bred). Hepialus humuli. Clisiocampa neustria (bred). Clisiocampa castrensis Pterostoma palpina. Lasiocampa quercus (bred). Odonestris potatoria (bred). Phalera bucephala (bred). NOCTUAE. Bryophila perla. Acronycta Psi. Acronycta megacephala (bred). Leucania lithargyna. Leucania Pallens. Leucania Impura. Hydraecia Nictitans. Xylophasia Lithoxylea. Xylophasia Monoglypha. Mamestra Brassica. Mamestra Persicarize. Apamea Ophiogramma. Apamea Didyma var-oculea. Agrotis Segetum. Agrotis Exclamationis. Noctua C-nigrum. Noctua Xanthographa. Triphaena Fimbria. Triphaena Pronuba. Amphipyra Tragopogonis. Mormo Maura. Tzniocampa Pulverulenta. Orthosia litura. Calymnia Trapezina. Calymnia Diffinis, Calymnia Affinis. 'Epunda Lutulenta. Phlogophora Meticulosa. Euplexia Lucipara. Hadena Oleracea. 35 36 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Shark Herald Silver Y .. Black Rustic Red Underwing *Swallow-tailed Moth Dark-bordered Beauty *Brimstone Moth Dusky Thorn *Feathered Thorn *Pale Brindled Beauty. © *Oak Beauty *Waved Umber *Willow Beauty “Common Emerald .. Blood Vein os Tawny-barred Angle V Moth .. iG Common Heath Bordered White *Magpie Currant Moth *Silver-ground Carpet *Garden Carpet *Yellow Shell *The Tissue ‘ Small-waved Umber Autumnal Green Carpet Broken Barred Carpet *Barred Straw Treble Bar *Small Mallow *Chalk Carpet *Large Snout Small Snout Meal Moth *Tabby *Mother of Pearl *Large White *Small White *Green-veined White Cucullia Umbratica. Scoliopteryx Libatrix. Plusia Gamma. Epunda Nigra. Catocala Nupta. GEOMETRAE. Urapteryx Sambucata. Epione Apiciaria. Rumia Luteolata. Ennomos Fuscantaria. Himera Pennaria. Biston Pilosaria. Biston Strataria. Hemerophila Abruptaria. Boarmia Rhomboidaria. Nemoria Strigata. Timandra Amataria. Macaria Liturata. Halia Wavaria. Ematurga Atomaria. Bupalus Piniaria. Abraxas Grossulariata. Melanippe Montanata. Melanippe Fluctuata. Camptogramma Bilineata. Triphosa Dubitata. Phibalapteryx Vitalbata. Cidaria Miata. Cidaria Corylata. Cidaria Dotata. Anaitis Plagiata. Eubolia Limitata. Melanippa Procellata. PYRALES. Hypena Proboscidalis. Pyralis Farinalis. Aglossa Pinguinalis. PHYCITAE. Aphomia Sociella. BUTTERFLIES. Pieris Brassicae. Pieris Rapae. Pieris Napi. Admiral cock .. A all Tortoiseshell ge Tortoiseshell 1 Brown AD : a Azure Blue .. ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION. 37 Gonepteryx Rhamni. Euchloe Cardamines. Vanessa (Cynthia) Cardin. Vanessa Atalanta. Vanessa Io. Vanessa Urticae. Vanessa Polychloros. Caenonympha Pamphilus. Satyrus Megaera. Epinephele Janira. Hipparchia Semele. Lycaena Icarus. Lycaena Argiolus. Lycaena Corydon. Hesperia Sylvanus. Hesperia Linea. Thanaos Tages. 38 C.c. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. GEOLOGICAL SECTION. President: C. I. GARDINER, Esq. HE excursions of the Society proved fairly successful to the fossil collectors this year. During the Andoversford excursion a visit was paid to the Sevenhampton pit in the Stonefield slates, the highest beds in the Oolite exposed near Cheltenham. There many specimens of Ostra@a acuminata were found and several other fossils. At \Wainlode Cliff the thin bed of a sandy nature, in which many small fish teeth and fish scales were found, was sought for with great care and successfully discovered. Every year we go there this bed seems more difficult to get at, as it is getting more and more covered up, and it will not be easily found - | till a great slip from the cliff face occurs. The limestone band above it, containing Pecten and Euomphalus is now not to be seen, and we seem to have cleared off all the specimens which were to be found in loose blocks lying about half way up the cliff. The Colesbourne excursion, as usual, turned out quite blank to the- fossil collector, though on the way one sees an interesting example of an old river valley cut down steeply into the hill side. ‘This valley is now quite dry at its upper end, but as one follows the depression one comes to the stream at Pegglesworth which is continuing the cutting as it rans down near Colesbourne. A certain amount of fossils have been collected from the Leckhampton quarries, and the brick-pits at Leckhampton, Battledowr and Hewlett’s Hill have been searched, Long having been particularly energetic. We still want more fossils from these brickpits i" the | Museum. The arrangement of the fossils in the Museum has been continued, and the Lower Greensand, Gault, Upper Greensand and Chalk fossils are now nearly arranged, while the arrangement of the Tertiary fossils GEOLOGICAL SECTTON. 39 is been begun as well. Mr. Buckman, who arranged our Jurassic s for us, has been kind enough to give us several more Jurassic mens, and has also assisted us in naming the Gault Ammonites. arge number of Cretaceous fossils were in the Falkener collection, lection it came from. 40 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. MICROSCOPICAL SECTION. President: S. D. Scott, Esq. MEMBERS : J. G. HERBERT. A. A. L. ROBERTS. A. N. LAWFORD. J. G. RUSSELL. P. WHEELER. Section of the N.H.S. for studying objects with the microscope was started towards the end of last term, a sufficient number having given in their names. Regular meetings will be held this term on Saturdays at 12 o’clock in the new Physics Laboratory, when material collected can be examined and microscopic preparations made. The requisite stains and reagents are supplied by the Society, and members are only required to provide themselves with notebooks and a small number of inexpensive tools necessary for the preparation of objects. Mr. Gardiner, Mr. Hedley and Mr. Wynne-Edwards have very kindly offered to lend their microscopes, and this will enable a certain number of members to be admitted who do not as yet possess them. The ponds in the neighbourhood should offer a good stock of material for those who are interested in the lower forms of life, — whilst the opportunity for making a microscopical examination may — prove useful to members of other sections. Permission will be given to any members of the N.H.S. to make occasional use of the microscopes, as far as the number of these at disposal will allow. C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 41 ORNITHOLOGICAL SECTION. President: M. TANNER, ESQ. WORKING MEMBERS: ; J. H. CarpeEw denoted by C. W. M. CONGREVE denoted by Co. fi. N. LEE 33 Lie G. P. TURNER ie 7. L. ForT An F. J. H. BLUNDELL # 7ep D. D. H. CAMPBELL Ca. B. STEEL oA Se E have first to apologise for not correcting a printer’s error in last year’s report, wherein Great Tit is printed “Crest Tit,” which has naturally caused some surprise among Ornithologists who have read the report. _ Our Curator (J. C. White) has received the eggs as they have been brougat, and also additional nests which members have kindly en. We hope that some one will this season find and present to > Museum Collection the eggs of the Stonechat. This year’s list of eggs is within one of last year’s list, and we believe there has been no wanton destruction of birds’ nests, but that the eggs have been acquired from scientific motives. The best work 3 been done by J. H. Cardew and H. N. Lee, and to Cardew the sectional prize has been awarded. ; __ Wewish more would keep and give in note books: Cardew’s note-book was excellent. It is a pleasure to read such a note-book d the information recorded is most useful; we may add that it is ign of a true naturalist to accurately describe a rare bird, its , and eggs, but to add that the eggs were left to be hatched. he following do not appear in this year’s list :— Magpie, crake, Siskin, Barn Owl, Fire-crested Wren; but as a compen- on we have the Cuckoo in a Meadow Pipit’s nest, Whinchat, ¢ Dove and Reed Warbler. 42 -C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, Cardew’s note book contained notes on sixty-five different birds, and was illustrated by photographs of nests with eggs: the photo- graphs being taken, where the nests were found, by Dr. Wilson. Particulariy worthy of mention are the finding of the eggs of the — Cuckoo in three kinds of nests and the eggs of a Robin in an old Swallow’s nest. The manner in which the notes were jotted down shew that Cardew is a keen observer of the habits of birds. The following have been presented to the Museum: Nests of Carrion Crow, Marsh Tit and Missel Thrush, by J. H. Cardew. Nest of Lesser Redpole, by C. W. Chard. Nest of Willow Wren, by Mr. W. Wilson. Nest of Nightingale, by Miss M. Edmeades. Nest of Long-tailed Tit, by Miss M. Cox. Eggs of Siskin, by R. V. D. Holwell. Eggs of Merlin, by C. W. Passingham. Stuffed Jay, by J. Flack. Stuffed Redstart, by F. M. B. Dixon. Name of Egg. Date. Locality. Finder. Robin noe Mer, 35 Cheltenham A.A.B. Blackbird Be AA ELCW one e a) Te Hedge Sparrow nb a5 20) ee -F oh Song Thrush ae a eK a6 pee) Tawny Owl Fy hema Ta Leckhampton a Rook ee ey, Tewkesbury Road iG, Carrion Crow Rin) ates. “ot Deerhurst Park L. Rock-Dove April 3 Leckhampton L. Lapwing May 2 “ c. Jackdaw i | 2. we ic Cc: Wren Sea. oe Or Gc: Marsh Tit ie ee es © Starling Simgrys 4/1 Crippets Cc. Moorhen +o eer Coombe Hill Cc House Sparrow as 2 ‘> oan Ca Tree Creeper pee 2 Prestbury es Chaffinch gue Cheltenham jane Missel Thrush Be st 53 | Black Cap ats S Ca. Pied Wagtail » 4 Leckhampton ..»y ddatherley an Ae) Osis «ve GRIPBELS eae Leckhampton Sane eam Hatherley a 6 Charlton peu oe ” 9 +. ” Wood Pigeon wayhoigaemIO' |... Caippets Green Linnet he >» II .. Ccombe Hill Yellow Hammer «» 5) It .. Charlton Kings ‘Sand Martin oe yp) Ff Sandys lane House Martin .. 9, 12 .. Leckhampton Greater Whitethroat .. ,, 13 .. Cheltenham Le 25 ” » 13 .. Hatherley uthatch (not taken) .. » 13... Leckhampton ~ >? .° » 4 .. ” Golden Crested Wren .. » 15 .. Hilcot Garden Warbler a » 5 .. Charlton Kings : » I5 .. Leckhampton 59 MS a Charlton » 15 .. Charlton Kings ‘ x» IS ve 2” 22 eadow Pipit a4 ay LS “E ~ ser Redpole or, >» 15 -. Gloucester Road 5 » 16 .. Charlton Kings backed Shrike ieee e 22. --. Gappets +» 5, 24 .. Charlton Kings le Dove : A RAT ig “< a5 ge Warbler * »» 24 .. Coombe Hill Reed Bunting eae al ',.'. Es ee ? nc » 24 .. Withington Spotted Flycatcher .. June 3... Hatherley een Woodpecker (not. taken).. s»» 9 «.- Colesbourne Warbler ws jp Os. )©6 Bewkesbury Sparrow .» July 6 .. Wainlode tical fell very far short of those of 1898. JUNIOR DEPARTMENT.’ In consequence of a misfortune to the President of the Junior S., who lost his luggage and the records of the Society in the ays, no detailed account can be given of the Junior Department. The Ornithological Prize was gained by T. I. G. Thomas. The Botanical prize by H. V. Hodson and R. V. Hodson. The ornithological records of the year were good, but the Finder. Ne Nel shel shel t- Kelelevelolelens 9 rronoararaogarE qaan 44 C.Cc. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. PHOTOGRAPHIC SECTION. President: C. E. YOUNGMAN, Esq. , MEMBERS ¢ Three Terms. Payne, J. O. Harries, H. M. Clarke, T. H. Paxton, A. N. Howell, C. J. Dunsterville, K. F. Redfern, J. King, H. K. Johnston, A, A. Sanders, H. R. Lamotte, L. Kay, C. W. Steel, B. Locke, H. W. Kershaw, S. R. Stevenson, F. H. Macpherson, C. F. Mackintosh, W. A. O. C. Thrupp, F. E. Maitland-King, F. J. Mortimore, F. R. Trewheler, A. Milton, T. St. M. Wells, F. W. A. Morrison, H. Two Terms. Wilson, W. A. Nixon, E. J. Allen, W. T. Wolff, M. A. Ponsonby, H. E. Clarke, G. A. E. Young, J. A. R. Pottinger, J. A. Clerk, R. V. Quill, B. C. Cottrill, H. L. One Term. Sharp, L. W. Crailsheim, H. R. Begbie, R. P. G. Shaw, G. H. de Perigny, N. F. R.G.S. Brinton, C. C. Shaw, G. M. Howlden, R. C. Chapman, W. L. B. Sherwill, D. L. Ker, C. H. Chard, W. W. Stewart, N. D. Mitchell-Dawson, H.C. Davids, W. da F. B. Symonds, F. H. Mitchell-Dawson, D. Davis, E. B. ‘Trench, J. A. B. Morton, C. A. G. Flack, J. Watson-Smyth, E. Moutray, A. G. Garratt, T. A. Weddell, J. M. Oppenheim, G. P. Guthrie, S. C. B. Wheeler, P. HE foregoing is the list of those who have joined the dark room during the year, and is not as good an indication as might be of the number of real workers in the section: for they are certainly fewer. The list includes many who use photography for their own private pleasure, and with coy modesty deny their efforts to a willingly-admiring public; and some also, even © among the serious seven at the top, whose work goes hardly farther than paying the dark room toll, Others are left out, who, having PHOTOGRAPHIC SECTION. 45 special opportunities of their own, have done their work indepen- dently. For the coming year these, as well as the regular dark room members, are invited to give in their names to the President of the section as working members, and to show their work to him as they - go along, so that the sectional prize (next term) may be determined, as in other sections, with some reference to the quantity of work - done. At the exhibition of prints last Summer, R. C. Howlden and H. S. Saunders took prizes for the best three,jand G. P. Oppenheim for a series lilustrating events on and off the water at Tewkesbury. This was a particularly interesting exhibit, well worth its prize, although it was the only series shown ; its thirty or forty pictures, not by any _ means all good if taken separately, gathered interest and worth from their number and neat arrangement, and gave evidence of some taste and skill. It is to be hoped that more members will try the same sort of thing this year; they will certainly find it better worth while to persevere systematically like this than to be simply beautiful and aimless; and before they have tried it long something of the collector’s fury will hold them. The December show of lantern slides, confined to the productions of N.H.S. members, proved that several have a proper enthusiasm for this fascinating branch of photography; seven sent in for competition and more exhibited, but the average results were hardly ‘so good as the year before. General F. Dawson, C.B., to whom the slides were submitted beforehand for judgment, found none deserving of very high praise, but explained that in his opinion the order in whicn photography should be learnt was, first, to make a good negative (an essential not always acquired!); next, enlarge- ments ; and after that, as more difficult, slide-making. ‘he prizes went to J. D. Campbell and G. P. Oppenheim; both P.B.H., by the way. A large number of slides were exhibited by F. W. A. Wells, made from negatives by H. T. H. Butt; and there were other cases of partnership work, indicating a deplorabie lack of diligence some- here. A score of slides contributed by Mr. Borchardt added much to the interest and to the quality of the show, of which the total was about 150. _ Rumours of alterations and of new buildings contemplated by the Council include no definite promise of a better and more d gnified dark room ; but we have, as always, leave to hope. A few cycling expeditions in pursuit of photography will be ranged, if possible, next term. 46 C.Cc, NATURAL -HISTORY - SOCIETY. SWALLOWS AND MARTINS. By L. Mort, Esq. The following observation were made from a house in Chepstow, which — is a town situated on the North side of the Bristol Channel, close to the junction of the Wye with the Severn. y bed room window, from which I took most of my — observations looks due East, over the rivers Wye and Severn, and gets the fuil blaze of the morning sun in consequence. I am just out of the town, the house being one of a row of small houses, and being also adove the town, gets a clear uninterrupted view, over some fields to the rivers in front, over the town to the North, and to the East to a wooded estate. Beyond the rivers, in front, the view extends, on a clear day, to the Cotteswold hills. My sitting room window has the same outlook and view. On the morning of September 15th I was lying awake about a quarter-to-seven, admiring the sun rise, when I noticed a great twittering of swallows outside the window. I got up and went to the window, and saw a small congregation of swallows and martins sitting on the roof and flying about in front of the window. That first morning I did not observe them very closely, and thought they were all swallows. The next morning, however, there was a much larger flock, and I noticed that the great majority of them were martins, while the swallows were very much in a minority. These gatherings continued every morning till the 25th. That morniag there were very few birds, and those that came simply flew about high up in the air, and did not alight, as far as I could see. The next day, September 26th, there was a very large gathering indeed, and there seemed to be a greater proportion of swallows. On this day too, according to my notes, there were a great many birds flying over the fields in front, and especially round and over two great beech trees in the fields, in the evening, about five o’clock. SWALLOWS AND MARTINS. < AT Possibly they roosted there for the night, or else flew off after dark. I never saw any flocks fly off, so they most probably went after dark. From now to the oth of October, there was a gathering nearly every “morning. On some mornings, however, there were no birds, or very _few, and on others a very great number. On the morning of October -gth there was a large gathering, apparently all that had been left behind, for I saw none after that date. The time of these gatherings was almost always from 6.30 to 7.30. The last week, however, it was rather later, from 7 to 8, or even from 7.30 to 8.30. Where they went to after that, and what they did during the day, I never could make out. _ Now I noticed a good many facts during these gatherings which have interested me, as not being according to the descriptions of ‘martins in books. First, in the case of young martins. On the morning of Sept- ember 30th there was one of the large gatherings, and as soon as I was dressed, I went up into the room above mine, as, being directly under the roof, I thought I could get a better view of them from there, and a curious sight met my view. On the window sill outside was a row of young martins, tightly packed. The sills of the dows of the rooms on each side were covered with martins in the ne way. The gutters were full of young swallows, with a few tins amongst them. The roofs were covered with old birds, both llows and martins. Wherever there was a ledge handy it was full, er of old or young. Whether there were birds on other houses r I could not see, very probably there were. _ What struck me at once, however, was the colour of the young tins. They were brown and white, with hardly any blue-black them, and yet they had the white rump most distinctly. There much white on them, in patches. Unfortunately I did not take etailed description of them, as I meant to have done. I should to know whether any of the members of the College N.HLS. e carefully observed the colours of young martins and of young d martins in the nest, and if so, what they have noticed. I have €en a martin’s nest, or been able to get to it for a long time now, have no personal observations on young martins except those made. If these were sand martins, then young sand martins white rumps. here was another thing that struck me, and that was the shape f the martin’s tail when flying. The distinctions commonly given ween martins and swallows, are, 48 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. (1) The swallow has a reddish throat and dark rump, The martin has 2o red on throat and a white rump. (2) The swallow has the tail feathers the same length except the two outer ones, which are very much longer than any of the others, giving the appearance of a very long fork. The martin’s tail is a simple forked tail. Look, however, carefully at a martin’s tail when the bird is flying, — —where is the fork then? It is gone entirely. The tail is spread out and becomes fan-shaped; in fact exactly the same shape as a swallow’s, only without the long outer feathers. Now these outer feathers, even at close quarters, when a swallow is darting about are often very difficult to see, and I found that the best thing by which I could distinguish a swallow’s tail is the broad white tips to the feathers, which are very plain, even in young swallows. Of course I am speaking of swallows seen close. The white could not be seen unless the bird was fairly near. There is, I have no doubt, a difference in the flight of the swallow, martin, and sand martin, but it would require very many close observations to be able to tell them — apart by that alone. The martin’s flight is more hovering and less sweeping than that of the swallow. There is still much work to be done in the observations of young birds, a part of the study of ornithology which is rather neglected, and which would well repay any one who devoted a year or so to it. ¢.c. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 49 NOTES ON’ BIRDS. By J. H. CaRDEw. THE SONG THRUSH. ue Sonc THRUSH is not only one of the prettiest birds we have in our neighbourhood, but it is also one of the best songsters. It can frequently be seen in the early morning perched on the branch of a tree singing away merrily. The bird is of a grey-brown colour, with a white breast marked with brown spots, reminding one of an ermine’s skin. A thrush’s eggs are rarely found before April ; they are bright blue, usually speckled with black spots, though sometimes the spots are of a red-brown colour. The markings vary very much, and I have seen a thrush’s egg as clear of spots as a starling’s. The nest is of dry grass with a few traws and sticks, and the inside is thickly lined with clay, with which I have found chips of wood mixed on one occasion. This clay must be quite watertight as I have found pools of water in thrushs’ nests ong after any rain has fallen. On April ist I found a thrush’s nest on Battledown. It was made of dry grass and lined with clay, and had four small, badly marked eggs in it. The nest was in a hawthorn sh, about four feet from the ground. I have also found nests of s bird in an apple tree where two branches met, and in ivy which s climbing up a tree ; but they are generally found in hedges. - THE MISSEL THRUSH. 4 Tur MissEL THRUSH is a fairly large bird having a peculiarly i It is very shy except during the breeding season Though sometimes ragged its nest usually very neat, being made of sticks, moss and straw, cemented ther with a little mud and lined with dry grass, it is generally aced in the fork of two or more branches in various kinds of trees, : height of ten to twenty feet from the ground. The eggs, which ally number five or six, are very pale green with reddish brown E ots all over them. n it nests close to a house. 5° C.Cc.. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. The bird is a strong fighter, and it is as well that it is, for both the crow and the jackdaw are very fond of sucking its eggs and taking its young. I found a nest at the junction of three branches of a lime tree in the middle of Cheltenham, and there were three small but well marked eggs in it on April 12th. The name Missel Thrush is given to the bird because it feeds largely on mistletoe berries. THE ROBIN. THE Rosin is one of the tamest of our English wild birds. Its favourite place for building is in a hollow under a shaded bank, though it is often found nesting in old pots or water-cans. On April 11th I found my first robin’s nest this year. It was built among some ivy which was growing ona bank at Leckhampton, and was made of dead leaves and moss and lined with roots and hair. There were three eggs in it, fairly large and well marked. On May 13th I found a robin had taken possession of a swallow’s nest, having put in some dead leaves and then a layer of moss, and finally laid three eggs inside when I found it. THE CARRION CROW. ] THE CarRION Crow, a large bird, black in colour, is very like the Rook, its chief point of difference is the want of the fleshy stuff over the beak which a rook has. In outward appearance the nests of the two birds are alike, but the lining of the two is very different. The rook uses dry grass generally for a lining, but the crow uses a a mixture of moss, sheep’s wool, feathers and thin dry bark. The crow does not live in colonies like the rook, but is found singly, I have never found more than one crow’s nest in one tree. Like a rook it builds high up in a tree, but does not seem to make such a point of building in the topmost branches, the lowest I have found being about thirty feet from the ground. On April rst I found a crow’s nest in an oak tree, partly built. The outside was made of sticks, then some mud had been put in, and the inside was being ~ lined with the substances mentioned above. I noticed that the bird began lining the nest at the top round the rim and worked downwards. On April 12th there was one egg in the nest. THE WREN. THE WREN is one of our smallest English birds. The jenny- wren is one of the largest of its family, very hardy and very tame. Its nest is usually built in crevices in trees and sometimes on banks. . NOTES ON BIRDS. - 51 I have noticed that, if it can, it will build its nest of the material obtained from the tree or bank on which it builds, and so the nest is ‘well concealed from the passer by. On April 28th I found a wren’s mest at Leckhampton made of dry grass, and lined with moss and ‘fe eathers. It was on the side of a willow tree and had five eggs in it. ¢ Of the eight wren’s nests I have found this year this was the only “one with eggs, probably because I had disturbed the others too soon. A THE STARLING. _ Tue STARLING is very common all over England. It usually lds in a tree, under the eaves of a house, or in a thatched roof. made of straw and a few feathers, and contained five eggs. One day Hillcot, while walking through a field, 1 saw some starlings feeding a field and on going up to them I found an egg lying on the bare THE KESTREL-HAWK. _ Tue Kestret-Hawk is one of our commonest falcons. It is en to be seen hovering almost motionless in the air and then ing down so swiftly on its prey that it is difficult to follow its tion. I once saw a kestrel chasing a sparrow and, the latter would bably have escaped in its many twistings and turnings had it not pletely lost its head and flown straight at the kestrel, which bore in triumph. ‘The kestrel generally lays in a crow’s nest, some- times turning the original owner out, and I have also found one in a squirrel’s nest. When it does build its own nest it does so in a very lovenly manner. Two years ago I found a crow’s nest with eggs in hich were eventually hatched and this year a kestrel took ssession of it without any attempt at repairs. The nest after having en blown and shaken about for two years was almost level on the and it was a marvel how the kestrel’s eggs managed to stop on d not roll off ina storm. There were two eggs in this nest very marked, being a dull blood red all over, strikingly different from nes I found in the squirrels nest which had ‘some white parts, the red parts very bright and shining as if the eggs had been 52 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. THE PLOVER. THE PLOVER is a bird whose nest is very hard to find unless you go carefully to work. It is very quick to see and hear one’s approach, and the best way to find its nest is not to go into a field and begin hunting about, but to creep up behind a wall or hedge and then show oneself. If there are any Plovers in the field, in a few seconds one — will fly up with a warning note and then others will be seen springing — up from all parts of the field. If a bird once begins wheeling round and crying out “ pee-wit,” it will not have any eggs, but if it flies straight off the field without a sound it is pretty sure to have some, and if you have marked the place it rose from you will find them. THE BLUE TIT. THE Bue Tir is the smallest English Tit. It can be heard in most of our fields or woods in this neighbourhood uttering its shrill notes and running up and down the trees searching for its favourite insects. I once saw a Blue Tit on a fir tree running up and down so fast that it was extremely difficult to follow it. The number of — insects these birds destroy must be enormous, and though they damage the buds and young shoots at times, yet it is only a case — of a minor evil, which must be put up with, while a larger one in the shape of insects is destroyed. Of the nests of this bird which I have found this year, the best one was on May rgth. It was inaholein ~ an apple tree about five feet six inches from the ground and had | seven eggs in it, and was made of hair and wool anda little moss and _ lined with feathers. Another nest found on May 13th had the bird — sitting on the eggs and I managed to catch it, but it was so frightened and made such struggles to escape that I let it go in fear lest 1 should ~ hurt it. s THE GREAT TIT, Tue Great TiT is our largest English representative of its S family, and, though not numerous, is usually well known from its — harsh powerful voice. I watched, this year, a great struggle between a Great Tit and a Nut Hatch. I first found the Nut Hatch building — in a hole in a tree and left it undisturbed. A week later I paid it — another visit; the Nut Hatch was gone, but a pair of Great Tits — were flying about the tree and had begun building on the top of the — Nut Hatch’s nest. A few days later I paid a third visit to the spot. _ The Nut Hatch had now come back and plastered up the hole so — that the Great Tit could not get in, and I expect it soon enjoyed a comfortable nest itself. NOTES ON BIRDS. 53 THE GREENFINCH. THE GREENFINCH is a bird which stays with us all the winter, and can be seen then in many a farmyard picking up seeds and grain. A Greenfinch built this year on the Shurdington Road in a hawthorn bush about six feet up. There was one egg in it on May 8th, and the bird was so tame that it scarcely left the bush when I drove it off the nest, and I had not left it half a minute before it ‘was back on the nest again. The nest is of sticks, moss, and dry grass, with a few _ feathers. THE CHAFFINCH. _ THE CHAFFINCH is a very common English bird, being, in some parts of the country, as common as the Sparrow, Its nest is a model of neatness, as it never has any loose ends hanging out, the whole structure being firm and solid and bound together with cobwebs. It is made of moss and lichen, and thickly lined with feathers. I found ‘my first Chaffinch’s nest this year on May 6th in a yew tree in a garden, and though College boys were continually passing and playing within twenty yards of it, it was not disturbed. If the nest is built on a branch it is nearly always on the top of the branch, but T once found one built underneath the branch like a Golden-crested ~ THE BLACKCAP. _ Tue BuackcapP is one of the warblers. The cock bird has its und, and the one I found this year, on May 8th, was only two feet The eggs of the Blackcap are very like those of the garden bler, and I should never like to have to say to which of the two egg belonged unless I saw the bird first. THE CUCKOO. ian one is found in a single nest. As it is much too big a bird to nto the nest and lay its egg, it Jays it on the ground, and then it up in its beak and puts it into the nest. Iam on the look o see if Aristotle was right in saying that the young Cuckoo ently eats up its foster-parents. This sounds an impossibility, may turn out the other young birds to get more room and food. 54 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. The colour of the Cuckoo’s egg varies very much. The one I found in a Meadow Pipit’s nest most closely resembled the eggs it was among. I found one in a Linnett’s nest whose markings were not of the usual red-brown colour, but grey-brown, and very like the egg I found in a Hedge-Sparrow’s nest last year. THE SWALLOW. THE SWALLow arrives in this country about the middle of April ; the first I saw in this country was on April 28th. It builds a broad, cup-shaped nest of mud, held together with hay and lined with feathers, and generally places it where two beams cross under the roof of a barn; it is also at times placed on the perpendicular wall of a house, or under bridges. The first nest I found this year, on May 17th, had one egg in it, but after a few days I came again and some one had broken the nest down. The bird, however, at once started rebuilding operations, and on June 21st there were two eggs in the new nest. Like the Martin, this bird was later than usual in leaving this country. On October 2nd I sawa large flock flying to the South- West, and the last bird I saw was on October 7th. THE SPOTTED FLYCATCHER. Tur SporreD FLYCATCHER is another migratory bird, arriving about the middle of May. It lives chiefly on insects, and seems to — . find its favourite food in orchards, where it usually nests. It also, like the Robin, is found nesting in most curious places. I found my first nest of this bird on June 4th, at Leckhampton. It was made of sheep’s wool, dry grass and moss, and lined with feathers. It was placed on the beam of a shed. Another I found on June 27th,ina hole in a tree, with four well-marked, unusually large eggs in it, About six yards from the first-mentioned nest, there was another one _ built about four feet down an old pump, and I was puzzled to think ~ j how the bird could get down to it or out again when once down, as there was no room for it to use its wings. q THE LONG-TAILED TIT. j Tue LonG-TAILED Tit. I found two nests of this bird, one at Whittington and the other at Colesbourne, but from neither did I get an egg. The one at Whittington was quite ready for eggs on April — ; zoth, but was destroyed during the following week. I was still nearer finding eggs in the one at Colesbourne, for while I was getting upa ~ tree to a Magpie’s nest a farmer’s boy passed me ; about five minutes afterwards I went on in the same direction he had gone, and found a NOTES ON BIRDS. 55 ng-Tailed Tit’s nest, about fifty yards from the Magpie’s nest, pulled down from a fir tree and lying scattered about with broken near it. I think the boy must have pulled it down, as the nest quite warm and the bird was flying about. I was very much uck with the enormous number of feathers with which the nest had en lined, there were hundreds of them lying about. The nest of s bird is quite oval with a hole in the top or side, about six inches and four broad. As the bird’s tail is of an extraordinary length, ng or longer than its body, I do not quite see what the bird does it when on the nest, unless it leaves it sticking out of the 56 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. LECT URES: oto METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND THEIR USES. By M. LLEWELLYN Evans, O.C. HEN we consider the vast—the universal influence that the weather and its changes and variations has upon all life, animal and vegetable, we cannot fail to see that it would be of the highest use to man to be able to— know with some degree of accuracy the laws that govern the atmosphere, so that he might be forewarned of its changes and be prepared to ward off the attendant dangers or reap the benefit of. the blessings bestowed thereby. For man often loses as much by ~ failing to take advantage of a beneficient change of weather, through — a want of preparation, as he does when some of his best work is destroyed through the visitation of Nature in one of her destructive moods. Until the present century, or perhaps the middle of the last, practically no efiorts were made by mankind for systematic observation of the weather with scientific accuracy. Shepherds, sailors, and hunters, accustomed to live out of doors and read the face of the sky, from long practice in observing the changes in that face, have been able with some degree of accuracy to forecast, withina few hours, coming changes, and particularly storms. But this power of observation was not peculiar to these classes or exercised by them alone. Other animals and some vegetables, too, were equally able to read the signs of the times, and often with more accuracy and precision, and much of mankind’s weather lore has been culled second-hand, not from his own personal observation of the atmosphere and — LECTURES. 57 _ knowledge gained thereby, but from watching these, so called, lower animals, who can foresee the change coming, and know the meaning _ of the sign by some power now unknown to man, either undeveloped ‘in him, or perhaps long since lost, when he ceased to roam as a wild beast, and became a man. But all these observations and the weather lore evolved by man therefrom, were, so to speak, mere rules of thumb. The why and the wherefore he knew not, neither was he at any trouble to seek it. What caused these strange changes in the sky, thereby bringing about such changes on the earth for man and beast and herb? What were the mighty laws that governed the atmosphere? Or, was there any law? Here and there a man of a more scientific mind than his fellows sought by painful and continued observation to evolve some order out of the apparent chaos, but though his labours were not in vain, yet they brought no result to himself. Observations in one place are useful, but it is dangerous to attempt to theorise from the results there obtained. The atmosphere is so vast, the forces at work therein are so mighty, that one might as well expect to see the ocean visibly increased in magnitude by emptying _atumbler of water into it, as to think that the observations of one ‘single man in one place are sufficient to enable that man, or anyone else, to determine the laws and forces that govern the atmosphere. There must be long, patient observation, carried on through many _years—aye, perhaps hundreds of years—by thousands of observers all over the globe, and all these observations must be worked out and compared, to enable mankind to fathom the laws that govern the changes of the air. Thus you see why meteorology is apparently at ‘present so unsatisfactory in its results. In the first place it is a very young science. Scientific research respecting the atmosphere is at present only in its early infancy. Our forefathers had no uniformity in their observations, ae these were of very little scientific ‘© Tf the oak comes out before the ash Then we’shall only have a splash. If the ash comes out before the oak We are certain then to have a soak,” 1ereby pretending to indicate the wetness or dryness of the coming 2 But, unfortunately, our ancestors when they made their observations were not concerned to observe the same two trees year by year. They took any two trees and hardly ever the same. Neither did they take any account of soil or situation, Had they done all 58 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. these things which they did not do, and not done that which they ought not to have done, they would have found out that in nine years out of ten the oak always comes out before the ash, and we as often get a soak as a splash following. Since 1815 the ash has only come out before the oak some dozen times, and the last occasion was in 1859, I believe. Given the same conditions, the ash is always later than the oak in putting forth its leaves. Do not, however, let it be supposed for a moment that I wish to depreciate the efforts of the scanty band of observers who laboured in the cause. of meteor- ology in the last century, and early in the present. Far be from me any such intention. On the contrary, the work they did was most valuable. Most of you are doubtless acquainted with Gilbert White of Selborne and his writings. The records of the weather which he left are most interesting and at the same time valuable, as giving us some idea of the weather in those times, more than roo years ago. Over and over again you hear people talk of old-fashioned winters and summers and the like. But if you will look at White’s records you will find that the weather then was not very different to what it is now. In fact changes in climate are so very gradual as to be nearly inap- preciable in so short a space of time as a man’s life, although to hear people talk, and especially old people, one would not think so, but their memories on the subject of the weather are very fallacious. I have perhaps said enough to shew that the science of meteorology is a very young science, and will proceed to consider it more in detail. Broadly speaking, meteorology, or the study of the laws that govern the atmosphere, resolves itself under four heads. Wind— Rain—Temperature—Pressure. You may wonder why I do not also mention Sunshine. Undoubtedly the part played by sunshine is very considerable, not only in the growth of vegetables but in the develop- — ment of the animal world. Without light and heat no life could — continue, and both these essentials are supplied by the sun. But I would remind you that the sun is essentially a thing outside and apart from our atmosphere, and is practically a constant quantity so far as the earth as a whole is concerned, while the excesses and defects of — heat and light are mainly due to the atmosphere between the sun and us, whose varying moods are the cause of our being deprived of so much of these necessaries, while on the other hand it mitigates and makes | bearable the fierceness of the sun’s rays. And it is the laws that govern these varying moods that meteorologists are seeking to — ascertain. LECTURES. 59 Wind has been called the vehicle of climate, it is caused by the _ flow of air from a region of higher to a region of lower pressure. In _ this country there are two main currents of very different types. The - first reaches us from the Atlantic and is laden with moisture. It is ~ cool in Summer and warm in Winter. The other comes over the _ Continent and is therefore much drier, making Summer hotter and Winter colder when it occurs in these seasons. Fortunately these Easterly currents are comparatively infrequent, for, whereas, the _ average number of days in a year when the wind is S.W. is 106, that when the wind is N.E. is only 45, while East winds only occur on 27 days, West winds occurring on 46 days, so that we get many more winds from the Atlantic than we do from the Continent. Wind is very beneficial to the growth of trees, for the movement it engenders in them causes the sap to flow more freely, and it is also of course a great purifier of the atmosphere. That mysterious ingredient, ozone, is always more prevalent in windy weather, and it is generally held to have very purifying and health- giving qualities. Not only is the direction of the wind taken at all meteorological stations, but at many its force and velocity are mea- sured. This is done by an instrument—an anemometer—consisting _ of four cups mounted on a pole attached to an index and dial below. By means of these instruments the daily and hourly velocity of the wind may be measured. It is unfortunate, however, that there is a lack of uniformity in the scales used with these instruments, and you conse- quently often get figures quoted in different places which it is exceed- ingly difficult to harmonise. Beaufort’s scale, which puts the velocity ofa calm at three miles per hour, and that ofa hurricane at 105 is now generally considered too high. During the recent storm on the rath of January, you doubtless observed, recorded in the newspapers, yelocities of 70, 80, and go miles. But when we consider that the j nutes and 75 for one minute, there would seem to be something wrong with the English records. It is estimated that the wind did e and we know with what results. No such results occurred in ngland and yet the velocity is made to be the same. In consider- ing the velocity of the wind during a storm this of course is not the Ocity of the storm. While the velocity of the wind may be from to 60 miles per hour the storm itself may not be moving at a greater pace than 8 or 10, The rates at which cyclonic storms travel 60 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. vary from 200 to 800 miles a day, and they are apparently borne along by the prevailing breezes. The rainfall of any region depends on the prevailing winds con- sidered in relation to regions from which they have come, and into which they come. The colder the region they enter the more the rain. General systematic observations of the rainfall of the country were commenced in 1860 by Mr. G, J. Symons, and he has now over 3,000 observers scattered over the British Isles. The whole of this work is carried out by voluntary contributions, and the Government neither recognize nor contribute towards the expense of this valuable work. But before 1860 there had been observations made for several years in isolated places, and some of these go back for about 200 years. The earliest known records in this country were taken at Bristol in 1774 to 1778. Length of time in observations is in nothing more essential than in rainfall records, and it seems probable that 40 or 50 years at least of continuous observation are requisite in order to obtain an accurate conception of the average yearly rainfall of any place. I may say at once that rainfall observations are taken daily at 9 a.m. and the amount measured is put down to the previous day. Any day on which one-hundredth part of an inch falls is technically known as a wet day. An inch of rain represents 100 tons of water spread over an acre of land. It is no uncommon thing for an inch of rain to fall in 24 hours in this country, and as much as 4 inches in one day has been registered, for instance at Seathwaite (the wettest place in England) last August 4°17 inches fell on the 5th, and 4°79 on the 26th, and the total rainfall for that one month exceeds by half an inch the whole of the rainfall for the first ro months of 1898 at Cheltenham. But then Cheltenham is a dry place, its average annual rainfall is only 28 inches, while that of Seathwaite is 136 inches. But it does not follow that because a place has a heavy annual rainfall that it is necessarily what people call a very wet place, that is to say that it is always raining. Looked at from this point of view Cheltenham is actually wetter than Seathwaite, relatively speaking, for its percentage of wet days in a year works out at 50 while that of Seathwaite is only 59, although the latter has nearly five times the rain that Cheltenham has. A very interesting paper was recently read before the Meteorological Society by Mr. Scott, the head of the Government Department, in which he pointed out that the frequency of the rainfall shifted from one part of the British Isles to another as the year went on. In January the only places falling below 50 per cent. are South Shields and Cambridge, while the West of Ireland LECTURES. 61 has 70 per cent., Cornwall, Wales, West of Scotland and Norfolk shew 60 per cent., and Stornoway and Dunrossness 80 per cent. In February the figures are much the same, but less in the extreme North. In March hardly any station in England shews above 50. In April the only place reaching 60 is Valencia. Now in May, the real dry weather values begin to appear in Hampshire. At Southampton and Hurst Castle June is the driest month in the whole year, while July is the wettest Summer month bringing the well-known Lammas floods. August is as wet as July, but September s much drier. October is wet again, and in November and greatest prospect of dry days. The characteristic of our climate is the frequency of the falls of rain. The individual falls are not often excessive. Of course we thereby escape the extraordinary deluges th which other countries are visited, and have nothing to compare th the tremendous falls on the Hills in India and in Burmah. ay mention that during the recent hurricane in the West Indies the violent rainfall did far more damage than the wind, and amounts varying from ro to 20 inches fell continuously in 48 hours. _ The temperature is, of course, an item in the meteorologist’s list of things to be observed, to which much importance is attached from its ct on animal and vegetable life, and probably that which is most neficial to the one equally suits the other, and that would be a udual rise in temperature from the end of January to the end of and then a steady decline. If that were the case there would ractically little or no need to take observations of the temper- >. But it is very far from being the case, and it becomes the of the observer to record all the variations of the tempera- 2 and then seek to find out, if possible, the causes of the changes. ) do the first he is provided with self-recording thermometers to the maximum and minimum temperatures carefully verified at Observatory, which are placed ina screen 4 feet high, consisting box of double louvred sides through which air passes freely, but irect sunlight or radiating rays, so that in this way the true shade erature can be obtained. The screen should also contain wet dry bulb thermometers from which can be deduced the tempera- of the Dew Point, the Elastic Force of Aqueous Vapour and relative Humidity or percentage of saturation of the air with ous vapour. 62 Cc.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. The atmosphere is twofold, dry air and aqueous vapour. The former remains constant, the latter is always changing, owing to — evaporation and condensation always going on. Water, snow, and ice and plants are all of them constantly adding to the aqueous vapour in the air, and since evaporation increases as temperature increases, — the capacity of the air is also increased. But this capacity is not un- limited. When, therefore, the air is fully saturated evaporation ceases. Therefore evaporation is greatest when the air is driest. Currents of | air remove the moister and snbstitute drier air, consequently in windy weather evaporation is much more rapid. As air expands under a diminished pressure its temperature consequently falls, and | it becomes moister, and as it contracts under an increased pressure its temperature rises and it becomes drier. Hence ascending currents of air become moister as they ascend, and descending currents become drier as they descend. Hence as winds ascend the ~ slopes of hills they become moister, and when they cross the top and — flow down the other side, they appear to become drier, although the amount of aqueous vapour in them has remained practically unchanged. The elastic force of aqueous vapour is its pressure at the surface — of the earth expressed in inches of mercury of the barometer, and is calculated from the temperature of the dew point. Thus the elastic force of vapour indicates the quantity of aqueous vapour in the air at the place of observation, and may be designated the absolute — humidity of the air. I may here mention that the sudden and violent appearance and action of thunderstorms is believed to be due to the meeting between warm moist currents of air ascending and cold dry descending currents, and where the atmosphere is continuously dry and rainless, or where the pressure is continuously high, thunder is unknown. Hail is connected with whirlwinds. The vapour carried aloft is, below a certain height, condensed into rain, above that height, into snow. If, therefore, raindrops formed below are carried up into the wind region they are frozen and fall as hail. They may be drawn in~ again as they fall and be carried up again, gaining size in the process. To ascertain the causes of the various and constant changes in the temperature we must look to another branch of meteorology, viz., the measurement of the pressure of the atmosphere by means of the barometer. Indeed, to changes of the atmospheric pressure are due all the variations in climate to which we are subject; heat and cold, rain and wind, all arise from these changes, and, could we but find out the laws that govern them, we might then hope to see weather forecasting perfected. It is extremely difficult to convey to LECTURES. 63 the mind a picture of the air as it is. Some have likened it to a sea, which is true to a certain extent, as the air like the water is constantly ‘moving ; but, on the other hand, no sea has the great mountains and ‘plateaux and valleys which are to be found in the air. If you can imagine a continent as liquid as the sea, yet with massive mountain ranges, and these mountain ranges constantly shifting from one place another, you will have some conception of the nature of the It is now regarded as certain by some observers both ! ere and in America that there are certain areas of high pressure independent of one another which shift from place to place during certain seasons of the year, that is to say, in summer they leave the land, and in winter approach it. These high pressure systems occur in both hemispheres, but I shall confine my remarks to those of the Northern Hemisphere as the better known. There are five of these systems, one in the North Pacific off the coast of California, one over the United States, one over the Atlantic, one over Central Asia, and one over Greenland. During the Summer the American, Greenland, and Siberian systems disappear, moving away far north where there is prevailing high pressure, and indeed the progress of the Siberian system across Western Russia and Scandin- avia to the N.W. in spring, returning S.E. in autumn, can be distinctly ced. When the accuracy of these discoveries shall have been mly established it will remain to discover, if possible, the cyclonic items, which there is every reason to suppose exist just as much as ticyclonic systems, and which presumably take their course along the lower levels between the high plateaux of the anticyclones, but seeing that neither are stationary, the one may have sufficient force to divert or thrust back the other. Hence arise our storms and other anges and varieties of weather, causing so much trouble and xation of spirit to the short-sighted man, who, seeing the sun ing in the morning, concludes that it must shine all day, and ting away without any provision for the future is annoyed to find self drenched or frozen before night. My object in reading this paper was to justify the existence of the eorologist, at whom many, if not the majority of, people scoff as a id of Uncle Toby astride his Hobby Horse, which he rides with hip and spur ; but if I have made it clear to you that the apparently mingless and useless actions and performances of the observer and do have some practical effect, even though it be in the ant future, and advance the general sum of human knowledge e atmosphere with which we are surrounded, then my object has 1 achieved. 64 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY HAILES ABBEY. By THE Rev. W. BAZELEY. T was in the reign of Henry III. that Hailes Abbey was first built. The times were troublous ones, in 1216 John had died, and there was no lover of England who was not thankful for his death. His son, Henry, was only nine years old, and for the next three years the royal authority passed into the hands of William Marshall, and after his death Hubert de Burg and Stephen Langton managed the country’s affairs. But in 1227 Henry declared himself of age and soon quarrelled with his advisers. There was a certain refinement in Henry’s temper which won him affection even in the worst days of his rule. He built the Abbey-church at Westminster and was a patron of artists and men of letters. At this period the priesthood had very great power over Christendom, but its religious hold was weakening day by day. Within the English Church there was need of reform, preaching was becoming a thing of the past, the monks were passing into rich land owners, many of the parish priests did not reside in their parishes, and were ignorant, and so their spiritual hold was weakening. To win the world back to the Church was the aim of two new religious orders in the thirteenth century. The Dominicans and Franciscans strove to carry the Gospel to the poor, and wandered about to the town and the country folk as missionaries. It was at such a time, when the land was worried by an ill-gover- ning, though in a sense religious king, and burdened by an ignorant priesthood, that the Abbey of Hailes was built. The founder of the Abbey was Richard, brother of Henry III. This was the Richard— Earl of Cornwall—who first sided with the Barons against the king and then deserted to Henry’s side. But later on the Barons, under _ gh ee Ae es, ok Simon de Montfort, were too much for him, and captured him in a ha windmill at the battle of Lewes, in 1264. It wasin 1251 that Richard had the Abbey consecrated, and the occasion was evidently a great LECTURES. 65 one. Henry III. and his Queen, Eleanor, were there, and with them three hundred nobles, innumerable ecclesiastics, and an enormous multitude of commoner folk. In the presence of this vast concourse of people, thirteen bishops said Mass at the thirteen altars of the Abbey Church. In 1256, Richard, Earl of Cornwall, was elected King of the Romans. In 1261, Sanchia, his Queen, sister of the Queen of England, was buried near the High Altar. Henry of Almaine, Richard’s eldest son, who had been foully murdered in a Church in Italy, was also interred in the Church, in 1271. As was the custom then, they boiled the flesh off the body, and buried that in Italy, but the heart was interred in the shrine of Edward the Confessor at Westminster, and the bones buried at Hailes in front of the High Altar. Soon after, Richard himself died, and was also buried in Hailes Church. by the side of Queen Sanchia. During the recent excavations, traces of a grave were found in front of the High Altar, and this was thought to be the one in which Henry had been buried, for although it had been desecrated, there was a piece of a leaden coffin in it of Italian thirteenth century workmanship. Richard’s coffin, we are told, was of go!d, but as he was buried in the Church “ on high,” his coffin was probably not beneath the floor, but in a raised tomb above the floor level. This was probably carried off either when the Monastry was dissolved, or during one of the times when the buildings were on fire. In 1271 came the first fire, which was fatal to the Church, and Richard paid for the rebuilding of it, and in 1277 it was reconsecrated. Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, gave to the Abbey a vase containing some of the blood of Christ. This at once attracted pilgrims from all quarters and up to the dissolution of the Monastries in 1539, Hailes became the centre to which thousands of people came to worship, and to have miracles worked on them and their diseases cured. A large number of buildings must now have been built round the Abbey to accommodate the pilgrims. Edmund also gave a piece of the Cross to the Abbey. In 1300 he died, and Edward L., his executor, summoned all the neighbouring Abbots to his funeral. The records of the Abbey cease from this time till the sixteenth century. In 1471, after the Battle of Tewkesbury, many of the refugees took sanctuary in the Church of Didbrook, near Hailes, but _ their pursuers came in after them and slew them inside. The de- _ secrated Church was rebuilt by William Whitchurch, Abbot of Hailes, and he lies buried in the Nave. In the middle of the _ fifteenth century plague and fire had made a ruin of the Abbey and ‘ 66 C.C. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. the Church, and the Monks were so poor that they could not pay for the restoration. In their trouble and misery they besought the Pope for help, and he wrote to England and commanded collections to be made throughout the country, and then the buildings were restored and the Abbey went on being used for religious purposes up to the dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539. During the excavations last year some beautifully carved thirteenth century stone bosses were found in the Chapter House. They had evidently fallen from the roof and had remained undisturbed and wonderfully preserved. They were found some eight feet beneath the present surface of the ground. They were all ornamented with floral designs, with the exception of one which represents Christ on a lion rending the animal’s jaws. This representation of Christ as the spiritual Samson overcoming the devil in the form ofa lion is not un- common in the thirteenth century. As the Abbey was a Cistercian one, no figure was allowed to be carved except that of Christ. The Cloisters were a covered walk around a lawn or garth, in which the monks had a washing trough, and a stone ledge on which they could sit. Opening into the Cloisters were the Chapter House, where the business of the Abbey was done, the Refectory, where the monks ate, the Dormitories, where they slept, and other rooms, No douht the original Cloisters were roofed with a wooden roof, but afterwards, in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, a stone vaulted roof was made for them. Unfortunately, these later builders took little trouble to keep any of the old work as it was, and in order to get proper support for the ‘stone cloister roof they hacked away much of the older work and spoilt it. Hailes Abbey was dissolved by Henry VIII. in 1539, and at that date ceased to be used for religious purposes, though the Abbot’s lodgings were used as a residence till the beginning of the eighteenth century. Only a small portion of the Abbey was excavated during last Autumn, and it is intended to continue the excavations this year. Already many things of interest have been brought to light, and a rich harvest of discoveries will no doubt be made when the spade and pickaxe get to work again in the Spring. aoe “ANUNO “V 'V ‘oo61 ‘yjoz Arenuef oo1109 punoy pue poypny oe a ze wee aoe 1 “"'90G "YoIy 191,S0[5 0} uoNdi1osqng b “uaz, seu ‘WooY yeq—udyey uvwSuno, ‘I tod sazig “99g 004d (syuvaias) UOINGIYXY epl[g wWoyue’T Wey, awuIng ‘MooY yxwq—uUcqie AL uewsuno, ‘ay, tod saziug “99g 004d ie uoloa{[0D 33q projuOP| uo s1}ON Suyuug pur surwesy 1 Se Nee swoday [euonsasg Sunulg Ronmnowadwra a “Wd, JUST 10J WOOY yw —Sury Giro ow a al | ise) 3d x ‘HAUNLIGNAd XY —9q ut yauipsrery ‘ay, Jod ,,“jautqed ,,— “+ yguiprey) ay tod suoisinoxy inog—dinf 91nqoaT §,1109g “AJ 10} sapys—[ndy ‘IOINSvIIT, ‘UO WaANVA WM “+ purvy Ul soured iT (73 “ ‘AON “ 4c bc is Elotiy s: ‘ “« - Jaquis09q Li gI wee 17 oc Ainf (sourpaey “JA 10d) suondiosqng—ndy Lat Vanes “+ puey ul sourjeg —Azenue[ , 9 fo} “ 9 8 iD *SLdIFOTY he ee Sete “ * ed =f 4 sod Vi NA | i Ue kgs ve, ‘la iy ae gs ae % a Ay a day i me in Cee ions Gaett a | »- < ae va hp es pl pe ae Oe 4% Vy mabey A He om yr Vis Cwete BON Fae bs ee OG ): i a . " AA, re rm ery ; Nout yi er cs, rae Magi DY, 1 fy ‘ “es wy _. er a Jy mS ae! , 7 “ p, Pano < h = . any anes ha ee, ~, “rt _ Te ss aoe eG a Ly +) LaSaue yee oy a5 ‘ np TVD Lifeboat Procession at Newquay. Beaching the Lifeboat at Newquay. (Photographs by H. T. H. Butt.) View in the Tyrol. Be, Se i \ : és Rte Ma View from the Diavolezza Hut in the Tyrol. (Photographs by A. A. Johnston.) NS E-~ : = a aI103 : 0! RksyY BHT. Aba WIdi0as: ANE NO eould: * palate’) Saar tien, “RGOH SeLLIOD UF oy . ; wig 2800 1. PAM ATS 4 Paver sat sic as | : oil gS — CONTENTS. PAGE Frelace--, =.. oe Rr 38% Rice EO . The Council, 1901_—.... BE St eee q Rules ak ae = oo erg ast of Members at oe sts Pres ; Lectures and Excursions ans BS: See "Additions to the Museum bee ers eee WEY: Beeports of Sections : . (1) Archeological Section... ~ ine hho re) Botanical Section ee - see RG (3) Entomological Section ... ee ag (4) Geological Section oe m sas 488 (5) Ornithological Section ... ip wei pe _ (6) Photographic Section... sat hie ces Lecture on Fungi, by the Secretary ELE et as ¥ a Balance Sheet ae 2. ah bene PREFACE. During the past year the excursions have been as well attended as ever and probably more small excursions have been taken place than in previous years. There have been more who may with correctness be termed working members of the sections. The lectures during the winter terms have however not been so well attended as usual, and this is more to be deplored as they have been exceedingly interesting. We have to thank very heartily some friends in the town for having come and talked to us on subjects which they have made specially their own. Dr. Callaway’s lecture on the Origin of Our Cheltenham Scenery cannot fail to have interested and impressed all who were present, and Mr. Witchell’s lecture on the Habits of Animals must have been most fascinating to everyone who heard it. It is by hearing those who, like Dr. Callaway and Mr. Witchell, know so well how to observe and can tell in so interesting a way the results of their observations, that others become conscious of what a vast world the world of nature is and how much there is to observe in it. During the Winter term Dr. Carter was kind enough to come and tell us much that was interesting on the subject of Blood. All who heard him were keenly interested and we hope this is not the only - time that he will lecture to us, 6 The great event of the year is the presentation to the College of the magnificent Courage Collection of Birds and Animals. This collection which was made by the late Mr. Harold Mitchell Courage who entered Boyne House in September, 1874, was bequeathed to us last year. The Collection will be placed in the spot hitherto filled by the bicycles, modelling shed and dark room. This is now being roofed over by a handsome roof, and a doorway will be made in the end wall of the present Museum, so that there will be a direct communication between the two rooms. One consequence of this arrangement is that the dark room has emerged from its sequestered spot and come boldly into the light of the quadrangle, where all may see how very insuffi- cient it is for a section which boasts so many members as does the Photographic Section. The cases with Ethnological exhibits have been moved back into the Museum from the Library and in consequence the Museum is now very inconveniently crowded. Part of one of the show cases is now filled with a small series of bird skulls and bird breast bones arranged very carefully and with beautiful hand-drawn and coloured explana- tory diagrams by Mr. L. Mott, to whose kindness in doing this the Society is deeply indebted. This collection fills a very important gap in our exhibits, nothing in the Comparative Anatomy line having before been shown. A list of the presentations to the Museum will be found in the Report. The Collection of Butterflies and Moths by C. H. Stockley, Esq., and presented by T. F. Cooke, C., is especially to be noticed. This has been incorporated in the main collection, and has filled many gaps and enabled many poor specimens to be replaced by good ones. At the close of this year we have to look back with regret on the loss to the Society of many well-tried members, chief amongst these must be mentioned M. M. L. Currie, T. A. , 7 Hodson and D. L. Solomon. Currie won the Botanical Section Prize in 1896, Hodson won the Botanical Section Prize in 1896, and the Ornithological Section Prize in 1gor, while Solomon won the Geological Section Prize in 1901 and ran second for the Photographic Section Prize in 1900. There are several members of the different Sections left, however, who have done excellent work or who have shown promise of turning out good naturalists and are capable of using their eyes, A. A. Roberts, H. N. Wright, and A. G. Cunningham amongst the Botanists, Lowther, Jenkins and Harker amongst the Entomologists, T. I. G. Thomas of the Ornithological and H. Williams of the Geological Section are still with us and many members of last year’s Photographic Section remain. Not only every member of the Section he has so long and a) kindly looked after, but every member of the Society, will be intensely sorry to lose Mr. Wynne-Edwards. He has done so much for the Society as a whole, in lecturing to it and in assisting at its resuscitation in 1894, and has been such an energetic, indefatigable and encouraging President of the Botanical Section that his loss cannot fail to be felt a very serious one. He has given us unstintingly of his time and the Botanical Section’s list of flowers is evidence of the energy which he has infused. If where he is going he finds a Natural History Society in existence, or if he creates one there himself, we may be sure that if he has anything to do with its working it is certain to _ be a success. Mr. Hedley, who has already done so much to assist the Botanical Section has very kindly consented to become its President, otherwise the Presidents of the Sections will be next year as they were during the one which is past. a THE COUNCIL, :1901. President... ate _.. THE PRINCIPAL. Treasurer a _.. W. M. Baxer, Esq. Secretary .-- Sie .. C. I. Garpiner, Esq. President of Archeological Section A. S. Owen, Esq. President of Botanical Section ... Rev. J. R. WynnE-EDWARDS. President of Entomological Section J. C. SALTER, EsgQ. President of Geological Section ... C. I. GARDINER, EsQ. President of Ornithological Section E. A. MENNEER, EsQ. President of Photographic Section C. E. Youncman, Esq. President of Junior School .. F. J. Cape, Esq. RULES. _-_-1.—That this Society be called The Cheltenham College Natural History Society, and have for its object the promotion of the Study of Natural History. 2.—That ordinary Meetings of this Society be held on Fridays once in three weeks, at 5.30 p.m., or at any such other times as the Council of the said Society may appoint, when papers and notes on observations shall be read and discussed, specimens exhibited, and the ordinary business of the Society transacted. 3.—That each Member of the Society is entitled to introduce two friends at any Meeting. Visitors may speak and read papers with the leave of the President or Chairman of the Meeting. 4.—That field days be appointed for the purpose of making _ excursions to places of interest in the neighbourhood. 5.—That a terminal Subscription of 1/- be payable in advance _ by all Members, except Honorary Members, who shall subscribe 5/-, and that all Members who have paid five consecutive term- inal subscriptions, be exempt from further payment. 6.—That any Member whose Subscription shall be a whole term in arrears, shall cease to be a Member of the Society. 47.—That Members be encouraged to join Sections for the more accurate study of the different branches of Natural History: that the formation of these be arranged, and the work settled at the first Meeting of each term: that each Section be under a President, who is responsible for its meetings and organisation, and that a Secretary be appointed by each Section to keep minutes of its proceedings, of which a summary shall appear in the Report. 8.—That the Society issue a Report as often as the Council think fit. _ 9.—That the Officers of this Society consist of a President, Vice-President, a Secretary, and Treasurer, who, with the se) Presidents and Secretaries of the branches, shall constitute the Council of the Society, besides the Natural Science Masters, who shall be ex-officio Members of the Council. 10.—That the duties of the President shall be to preside at Meetings, and act as general referee on all questions of order. 11.—That in the absence of the President, the Vice-President shail preside, or, in his absence, a Member of the Council. 12.—That the duties of the Secretary shall be to give notice of Meetings of the Society and of the Council, and to enter the minutes of Meetings in a book kept for that purpose, to collect subscriptions, and to give account of the same. 13.—That the Treasurer’s accounts, after the approval and signature of two Auditors, to be appointed at the last meeting of each year, to be laid on the table at the first meeting of the succeeding year. 14.—That the Officers constitute for the time being the Council of the Society, in which shall be vested all arrange ments not provided for in these Rules. 15.—That the Secretary have power by a vote of the majority of Members present, at a special or Ordinary Meeting, to erase from the list of the Society any Member whose conduct should be adverse to the interests and objects of the Society. Fees and Subscriptions are in no case to be returned, but re- election of an ex-member to be permitted during the next term. 16.—That the Members of the Society on leaving the College become corresponding Members. 17.—That no alteration be made in these Rules except at a General Meeting at which 21 Members at least are present, and then only provided it is carried by a majority of two-thirds of those present. we ce Cheltenham College Watural Aistorn Society. President ... THE Rev. R. WATERFIELD. Secretary ... C. I. GarpIner, Esq. Treasurer Adamthwaite Allan Allen Armitage Aston _ Balfour _ Begbie _ Bickerdike 4 Burke, H. _ Capel-Davies _ Chapman EASTER TERM, troo1. LIFE MEMBERS. Ezra, D. Ezra, E. Festing Fowke Fox Fraser Freeland Fry Furnell Gall Gard’ner, B. Gatacre, E. Griffiths Guthrie Higgon Hodson Holliday Howlden Jenkins, N. M. Johnston, A. A. Johnston, R. Knowling Laming Lamotte Leyton Lemon Lesser Lewis Locke Lowther . Mackintosh ... W. M. Baker, Esq. McCulloch Meyer Mitchell-Dawson Milton, R. Morris Murray, G. Nathan Oppenheim, D. Oppenheim, J. Orr-Ewing Perkins Porteous Pottinger Quill Rendle Roberts, A. A. Robertson-Shersby Sanders Saunderson Sharp Sherwill Sidebottom Simpson Sington Solomon, D. Solomon, L. Thrupp Wilson Wheeler Whittall, H. Whittuck Adderley, R. Adderley, R. W. Appleby Banks Bingham Biscoe Brettell Brinton Buckley Burke, E. P. Campbell, A. L. Campbell, W. Chambers Cohen, D. Cohen, E. Cohen, J. B. Couran Courtney Cowan Cummins Cunningham Dane Davis, F. Davis, W. Daubeny Dickinson, G. B. Eggleston Farmer Fawkes Fitzherbert Forbes-Robertson Francis, H. G. Fryer Gardiner, E. C. Adamthwaite Allan Allen Armitage Aston Balfour ‘Begbie 12 ORDINARY MEMBERS. Gill Glendinning Gordon Gould Grieve, J. R. Grieve, W. Harker Harrington Herbert Hetherington Hill Jenkins, R. A. Jopp Kennedy Kenworthy Lawford Lawson Littleton Lloyd, W. H. Mackinnon, N. Malder Marklove Maxwell, E. B. Maxwell, G. A. P. McSwiney Megaw Mills Milne Milton, F. Milton, L. Montague, S. Morrison Neame, G. T. Nicolls SUMMER TERM, LIFE MEMBERS. Bickerdike Bignell Bourke Brinton Burke, E. P. Burke, H. Capel Davies O’'Donel Osborne, E. A. Pardoe Pearce, H. G. Pearce, E. O. Peel Radcliffe Ramsbottom Russell Samuelson, E. Samuelson, V. Scovell Stopford Storr Thomas Thoyts Tinson Todrick Tolson Turner Tyzack Vicat Wade Walter Waterhouse West Williams, H. F. Woolatt, C. H. Woolatt, R. Wright, H. N. Wright, R. A. Wyatt IgOI. Chapman Chard Clark Clarke, G. A. E. Clarke, R. C. Clerk Cohen, E. Cohen, D. Collett Congreve, C. R. 4 Conran Corfield Crailsheim Currie Davidson Davis, F. Davis, W. Dickinson ~ Edwards _ Exham _ Ezra, D. Festing - Fowke Fox Freeland _Gard’ner, B. _ Gatacre, E. _ Grieve _ Griffiths - Guthrie 13 Hetherington Higgon Hill Hodson Holliday Howlden Jenkins, N. M. Johnston, A. A. Johnston, R. Knowling Laming Lamotte Lawford Lawson Layton Lesser Lewis Locke Lowther Mackintosh Maxwell McCulloch Meyer Mitchell-Dawson Milton, R. Montague, V. Morris Murray, G. ORDINARY MEMBERS. Campbell, A. L. Campbell, W. Capel-Davies Chambers Clark, R. O. Cowan Cummins Cunningham Dane Daubeny Davies Dickinson Eggleston Farmer Fasken Fawkes Fitzherbert Forbes-Robertson Nathan O’Donel Oppenheim, D. Oppenheim, G. Orr-Ewing Perkins Pottinger Quill Radcliffe Rendle Roberts, A. A. Russell Sanders Samuelson, E. Samuelson, V. Saunderson Sharp Sherwill Sidebottom Simpson Sington Solomon, D. Solomon, L. Thrupp Vicat Wheeler Whittall, H. Whittuck Francis, H. E. Fryer Gardiner, E. C. Gardner, L. Gill Glendinning Gordon Gould Grieve, W. P. Harker Jenkins, R. A. Jopp Kennedy Kenworthy Littleton Lloyd, W. H. Mackinnon, W. alden Marklove Maxwell McSwiney Megaw Mills Milne Milton, F. Milton, L. Morrison Mortimer-Booth Neame, G. T. Neame. T. Nicolls Osborne, E. A. Pardoe Pearce, H. G. Pearce, E. O. Peel Porter Allan Appleby Banks Bazeley Begoie Bickerdike Bignell Bourke Brettell Burke, H. Capel-Davis Chard Collett Congreve Cowan Currie Davidson Dickinson Edwards Exham Ezra, D Ezra, E. Festing Fowke 14 Priday Radcliffe Ramsbottom Rushbrooke Scovell Searle Skipton * Smith, W. H. Smythies Spackman Stephens, D. J. Stokes Stopford Storr Tate Thomas Thoyts Tinson Todrick Tolson Tulloch : Turpin ; Turner + Tyzack Wade Wallace Walter ’ Waterhouse Webb Wells West Williams, H. F. Woolatt, C. H. Woolatt, R. Wright, H. N. Wright, R. A. Wyatt Young, R. P. MICHAELMAS TERM, 1902. LIFE MEMBERS. Fox Freeland Gall Gard'ner, B. Gatacre, E. Griffiths Higgon Howlden Jenkins, R. A. Johnston, A. A. Johnston, R. Jopp Knowling Laming Lamotte Layton Lemon Lesser Locke Lowther Malden Maxwell McCulloch Megaw Meyer Mitchell-Dawson Milton Morris Murray, G. Nathan Oppenheim, D. Oppenheim, G. Orr-Ewing Pottinger Priday Quill Roberts, A. A. Saunderson Sidebottom Simpson Sington Thomas Tolson Woolatt Wheeler Whittall, H. _ Allen _ Ames 4 Digayidon ‘ _ Beadon Belfield _ Bingham _ Birch _ Brodrip _ Browne . Campbell, A. L. Campbell, W. Baieriey, R. W. J Capel-Davies, J. 15 ORDINARY MEMBERS. Forbes- Robertson Francis, H. E. Fryer Gardiner, E. C. Gardner, L. Glendinning Gordon Grieve, W. P. Harford Harker Hill, E. V. Kennedy Kenworthy Krauss Lesser, A. C. Littleton Lloyd, W. H. McSwiney Mills Milne Milton, F. Milton, L. Morrison Neame, G. T. Neame, T. Nicholls Nicolls Osborne, E. A. Parcell Pardoe Pearce, H. G. Pearce, E. O. Peel Porter Radcliffe Ramsbottom, R. Rushbrooke Searle Skipton Smith, W. H. Smythies, B. E. Spackman Stephens, D. J. Stephens, R. C. Stokes Stopford Storr Tate Thomas Thoyts Tinson Todrick Tulloch Turner Turpin Tyzack Wade Wallace Waterhouse Webb Wells Williams Woolatt, C. H. Wright, H. N. Wright, R. A. Young, R. P. 16 LEGCLURES AND, EXCURSIONS: ...Lecture on Observations on Birds and other Animals by C. A. Witchell, Esq. ..Lecture on The Scenery of Cheltenham, by Dr. Callaway. ...Lecture on Explosives, by G. W. Hedley, Esq. ...Excursion to Andoversford. ...Excursion to Colesbourne. ...Excursion to Birdlip. ...Excursions to Cleeve Hill and Tewkesbury. ...Lecture on Fungi, by C. I. Gardiner, Esq. ...Lecture on Blood, by Dr. Carter. Lecture on Old Cheltenham, by A. S. Owen, Esq. 17 LIST OF ARTICLES PRESENTED TO THE MUSEUM, 1to01. a ARTICLE ...Model of East Indian Tea Clipper ... Skin of Indian =e ...Biltong made from Horse- flesh during siege of Ladysmith... ; ...-Relics from the Old Town of Algerciras, Spain ...Indian Moth ... 6...Three Boer Rifles, Bando- liers and Cartridges, etc... ...Nest of Blue Tit ...Nest of Hawfinch ...Chinese Uniform and 3 flags from Pekin ... Seige Soup-Ticket, Beacons- field, South Africa ... Snowy Owl in Shade... ..-Nest of Indian Fly-Bird and Jet with Fossils ...-Collection of West African Butterflies .. ...Collection of British rely optera ...Seals of Tewkesbury Abbey. ... Skin of Rattlesnake ... ... Stuffed Kingfisher PRESENTED BY ...L. W. Elmslie, Esq. ...O. R. Thomas, C. ..-Lieut. Mellor, O.C. ...W. H. Smith, C. ...—. Abercrombie, C. -LENT by Lieut. P. E. Elgee, O.C. ...R. A. Jenkins, C. ... Tudor Thomas, C. ...Lieut. W. Bainbridge, O.C. ...J. B. Radcliff, C. ...E. Scot-Skirving, Esq. O.C. we B. Krauss, C. ...Capt. C. C. W. Troughton, O.C. ...l. F. Cooxg, C. ..W. A. Sampson, Esq. ...C. C. Hood, C. ...C. H. Dickinson, C. 18 REPORTS FROM SECTIONS. ———EE Archaeological Secfion. President ... A. S. Owgn, Esq. Secretary (Jan.-July) ... H. R. C. BatFour. (Sept.-Dec.) ... G. B. ALLEN. HE Section has had a year of exceptional activity, thanks especially to the keenness of the Secretary who took great trouble in getting members together for expeditions. None of the Excursions of the whole Society were to places of archaeological interest, but a great number of sectional excursions were arranged in the course of the three terms. Cheltenham Parish Church itself was visited and its archi- tectural details carefully considered, and in the neighbourhood we have visited the following churches :—Bishop’s Cleeve, Elmstone Hardwicke, Elkstone, Withington, Witcomb, Badge- worth, Churchdown, Brockworth and Painswick ; at the last named place the Section devoted itself with scientific thoroughness to the task of counting the yew trees in the churchyard which are said to defy calculation; the result may have been inaccurate, but at least it was unanimous. In our visit to Elmstone Hardwicke we had the great advantage, of the guidance of Mr. H. A. Prothero, O.C., and with his help we found an old black-letter wall painting on one of the walls of the nave. At Churchdown we went round the church to the sombre accompaniment of a muffled peal. L Those who take an interest in archaeology and who would ¢ like to come on excursions this year are invited to give their names_to the Secretary of the Section, G. B. Allen. 19 wDotfanical Section. SENIOR : President ... Rev. J. R. Wynne-Epwarps. JUNIOR : President ... F. J. Capg, Esq. Vice-President ... G. W. HeEpiey, Esq. WORKING MEMBERS. SENIOR. _ Banks, P. D’A. (5). GILL, B. C. U. (Gz.) Roserts, A. A. (3) _ Cunnincuam, A. G. (4) Hopson, T. A. (1) (H.) SANDERS, H. R. (2) a (C.) Jenkins, R. A. (/.) Wricut, H. N. (W.) Curriz, M. M. L. (1). Psev, A. R. (2) Young, R. P. (¥.) _ Garv’Ner, B. L. (G.) * JUNIOR : ABERCROMBIE, J. R.(A.) Rutter, E. S. (22.) WooDnHOoUwsE, G. S. ( Wo.) BLoop, C. N. (B.) RosBeErtTs, E, S.(R.) | WyNNE-Epwarps, J. C. Nort, G. B. E. (¥.) Torrig, L. J. (7) (6) (Z.) ’ (1) Winner of Prize in 1896. (2) 2” ” 1898. (3) as as 1899 and 1900, (4) 55 oh IgOI. (5) re Junior Prize in 1898. (6) ” ”» 1900 and 1901. ERE were seven competitors this season. Unfortunately, Wright, who was some way ahead at the end of June, was absent for the last part of the term. A spell of cold and wet weather in July kept back the late summer and autumnal flowers, so that many which have always been found 20 during previous years during the term are absent from our list. The record of the different competitors is as follows: A. G. CUNNINGHAM ... 285 R, «Pi, YOUNG> BPO 2s, ecce 107 H. N. WRIGHT... ... 263 A, R. PEEL. is.! -2.ce eee B. L. GARD’NER ... ... 218 KR. A, JENKINS... <2. eee BAe, VCR ear. 154 Several new plants have been added to our list during the year. A few of these are accounted for by unusually long excursions to the Wye Valley and Forest of Dean, but several are additions to our local list. The most interesing of these are Utricularia Vulgaris (Bladderwort) which was found in abundance at Coombe Hill, Astralagus glycyphyllos (Milk Vetch) which has established itself on the railway banks near Tewkesbury, Helleborus foetidus (Stinking Hellebore), Trifol- ium medium (Zig-zag Trefoil), which is so common in the North of England, Lycopsis arvensis (Small Bugloss), Veronica spicata (Spiked Speedwell) which seems thoroughly established on the far side of the Severn, Polygonum Bistorta (Snakeweed) and Daphne Laureola (Spurge Laurel). We have also made some way in identifying the very difficult species of Salix and Carex. Pulmonaria officinalis (Lungwort) and Thalictrum flavum (Meadow Rue) have been found after an interval of some years. We had our usual excursions to Andoversford and Puckham woods on May 31st, to Colesbourne on June 11th, to Whitcombe and Birdlip on June 29th, and to Tewkesbury on July 18th. They were thoroughly successful as usual, and the ground, though becoming familiar, is always interesting ; but it would be a great boon if two small expeditions could be arranged for this Section to one or two of the places, notably Puckham, where the rare flowers are either quite early ones like the Buckbean, or very late like the Grass of Parnassus and Cotton Thistle. A late expedition to Coombe Hill with time to get out and walk between Uckington and Piff’s Elm is also needed. I must conclude this, my tenth and last Report of this Section, by wishing it all success in the future, and con- gratulating it on securing so enthusiastic a president as Mr. Hedley. ——— | = ati Pi Hate:, i a ee a ee 2i JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. THERE were not so many collectors as usual this year, and opportunities for getting specimens were less frequent than in previous years. The prize was awarded to Wynne-Edwards who also obtained it in 1900. The result of the competition was as follows :— WYNNE-EDWARDS... ... 200 NOEL < ae eeereerery © SOOM ee, on aoses.- 178 WOODHOUSE ... ... ... 40 BEMETS © sss eho st,. LHS ABERCROMBIE ... ... ... 37 RITTER AND TORRIE ... 102 The following are among the most notable finds of the season: Antennaria margaritana in Birdlip woods, Ophrys apifera (Bee Orchid), Carpinus Betulus (Hornbeam), Polygon- um bistorta (Snakeweed), Mysotis versicolor (Changing Forget- me-not), Pulmonaria officinalis (Lungwort), Lycopsis arvensis (Small Bugloss), Trifolium medium (Zig-zag Clover), Lepidium ruderale (Narrow-leaved Cress). i Latin Name. English Name. Date. Record. _ Clematis Vitalba ... Traveller's Joy ... July 15... W,B Anemone nemorosa_ ... Wood Anemone =. Mar. 26....:E. _ Adonis autumnalis _... Pheasant’s Eye Ranunculus aquatilis ... Water Crowfoot ... April 28 ... W. af Flammula... Spearwort “a Ficaria ... Celandine Mar. 6 .::.€. 5 sceleratus... Scelery-leaved Crowfoot June 4 ... C, W, G. Ss auricomus... Goldilocks ... April 25 ... R, W, E. a acris Jans 4 ....J- a5 © repens Common Buttercup ... May 16... R. “5 bulbosus May 2... J. =, arvensis ... Corn Buttercup ... June 2... E. Thalictrum flavum ... Meadow Rue ... June 26 ... GW.Z. Helleborus viridis ... Green Hellebore a : > foetidus ... Stinking ,, .. Mar. 7... G.W.Z. Caltha palustris ... Marsh Marigold ... Mar. 12 ... R. ‘Aquilegia vulgaris... Columbine : as ... Common Barberry .. June 6... GW.Z. Nuphar luteum ... Yellow Water Lily ... June 13... E. Nympheza alba ... White 53 a bes Papaver Rhoeas ... Field Poppy fatal Ai s.05 Re 5, dubium ... Long-headed ,, ... May 19... G. 55 Argemone __,,, Pale 3 .. May 26... GWA. Latin Name. Chelidonium majus Fumaria officinalis Corydalis lutea Barbarea vulgaris Cheiranthus Cheiri Nasturtium officinale ... os palustre x amphibium Arabis hirsuta » Lhaliana Cardamine amara ac pratensis ... a hirsuta ay impatiens ... Hesperis matronalis 22 English Name. . Common Celandine oe Fumitory . Yellow aS », Rocket . Wall Flower Pa Common Water Cress ... . Marsh me Great or . Hairy Rock Cress . Thale 6 . Large Bitter Cress Cuckoo Flower . Hairy Bitter Cress Narrow-leaved Bitter Cress... . Dame’s Violet aoe Yellow Hedge Mustard... Sisymbrium officinale ... Alliaria ae . Garlic an Erysimum cineaatheides Treacle af Brassica teninfolia . Rocket _ muralis . Sand Brassica . oleracea . Cabbage + campestris ... Field Brassica an alba . Cultivated Mustard ms Sinapistrum ... Charlock a nigra . Black Mustard e adpressa : porate Brassica Cochlearia armoracia . Alyssum calycinum Draba verna » muralis Thlaspi arvense Iberis Amara i Capsella erasers Lepidium campestre xs Draba _ Smithii es ruderale - Senebiera Coronopus ... 5 didyma Isatis Tinctoria Reseda luteola 55 lutea Helianthemum vulgare Viola odorata >, hirta >> canina . Horse Radish . Small Alyssum ... Common Whitlow Giiee . Wall Ae An . Penny Cress . Candytuft Shepherd’s Purse . Common Pepperwort . Hoary Cress . Smith’s 09 . Narrow-leaved ,, Common Wart ,, .. Lesser AC . Woad . Dyer’s Weed or: . Cut Leaved Mignonette... Rock Rose . Sweet Violet peHairy, 65 . Dog a AO a2 Mmnnrongr7s AAA wa § ts mora © Gees bl bl bs ¢ o < Record. 5 SS te BBs 0 Ry OB: Hz 4 seh Gi gngann 23 Latin Name. English Name. Date Record. Viola tricolor .. Pansy .. April 29 ... W. Polygala vulgaris ... Milkwort ... May 18... C, G. Silene inflata ... Bladder Campion . june Se. P. Lychnis vespertina ... White be . May 18... C. a diurna .. Red 45 . May 5... R. fe Githago ... Corn Cockle .. June 9... R. =a Flos-cuculi . Ragged Robin ... May 26... G. Sagina procumbens’ ... Procumbent Pearlwort ... May 17 ... B, Wo. A 5 nodosa . Knotted 35 oss Arenaria serpyllifolia ... Thyme-leaved Sandwort Jan. 4... Wo. ‘s trinervis ... Three-nerved . _ May 1... R, Cerastium vulgatum ... Mouse-ear Chickweed ... Jan. 4... E. arvense .. Field-ear AD ... May 19... H. Stellaria aquatica .. Water Starwort emluly ane, Ve Bs media .. Chickweed . Jan. 4... R, E, W. Ss uliginosa . Bog Starwort ry graminea i. Lesser 1}: Funes «Sivetoe P. c as holostea . Common ,, . April 26 ... E. _ Spergula arvensis .. Corn Spurry Hypericum pectin Common St. John’s Wort June 16... W,C. 9 dubium . Imperforate 3 uly 9 6 2. Y. quadrangulum Square-stalked ,, » July 3... GW.Z. = humifusum ... Trailing eit July 22 . nial. = pulchrum . Slender F 3 a hirsutum . Hairy 3 »» June 20... R. Linum catharticum . Purging Flax .. May 31 ... C, W, G, J, Malva rotundifolia . Dwarf Mallow . June 20... C. [P,Gi,Y. », sylvestris Common ,, ... June 10... W. 5, + moschata . Musk 5 ... June 20 ... C. Tilia Europea . Lime rp ... June jo ... Gi. Geranium pratense . Meadow Cranesbill . June 11 ... B, Ri, T 93 Robertianum Herb-Robert .. Jan. 4... W. ee molle .. Dove’s-foot Cranesbill ... May 6... W. Fs dissectum .... Jagged 3 . May 28 ... R, E, B. Ss lucidum . Shining Fr) May 12... G.W.A. aA pussilum . Small-flower ,, May 12... G.W.H. SS columbinum Long-stalked ,, June 11... Gi. 5 pyrenaicum... Mountain $3 May 23... G.W.H. _ Erodium cicutarium ... Common Storksbill Oxalis Acetosella ... Wood Sorre! April 25 ... E. Impatiens Noli-me- tangere... Yellow Balsam : Acer campestre . Maple May 11... W. 5, Pseudo-platanus... Sycamore May 3... B. Ilex Aquifolium . Holly May 18... B, W. _ Euonymus europaeus ... Spindle Tree May 26... B. ’ Rhamnus catharticus ..,,.Buckthorn June 19 ... G, Y. - Ulex europaeus ..» Gorse Jan. 4 wm R. Latin Name. Genista tinctoria Cytisus scoparius Ononis arvensis »» campestris Medicago sativo Ss Lupulina Melilotus officinalis Trifolium arvense a incarnatum ... AS hybridum sr pratense “f repens = procumbens, A medium minus ” Lotus corniculatus Anthyllis Vulneraria Astragalus glycyphyllos Hippocrepis comosa Onobrychis sativa see Vicia tetrasperma 24 English Name. . Dyer’s Greenweed . Broom .. Rest Harrow . Spiny ,, . Lucern . Nonsuch . Melilot . Hare's Foot Trefoil Crimson Clover . Alsike re . Purple . . Dutch as .. Hop Trefoil . Zig-zag ,, ... Lesser Trefoil . Bird’s Foot Trefoil . Kidney Vetch Milk 3 . Horse-shoe ,, Sainfoin . Slender Vetch » hirsuta ... Hairy os. x» Cracca ... Tufted ,, » sylvatica ... Wood “5 » sepium . Bush + » sativa ... Common ,, lathyroides . Spring ,, Lathes pratensis . Yellow’ ,, 3 sylvestris . Everlasting Vetch of macrorrhizus Tuberous Bitter ,, 5 Nissolia . Grass Vetchling or palustris . Marsh Pea Prunus communis . Blackthorn 33 Cerasus .. Cherry ys Padus ... Bird Cherry Spiraea Ulmaria . “h Filipendula_ ... Geum urbanum “05 Rubus Idaeus »» fruticosus ae caesius » corylifolius Fragaria vesca Potentilicteadadietim ae reptans s¥ Tormentilla ... 45 anserina . Meadow Sweet Dropwort Wood Avens ... Raspberry . Common Blackberry . Dewberry : . Hazel-leaved Blackben'y May 3! ... . True Strawberry Barren ,, Creeping Cinquefoil Tormentil . Silverweed agemeee' #29 2 * 2 oe as ozs JSP PE ZEOR AO QO ® a <= W.H. SN ae =a DW by OQ me Me Py S by sz AP Zod n L >) @ a pt ar Latin Name. English Name. Date Alchemilla vulgaris . Lady’s Mantle May -Sanguisorba officinalis... Great Burnet ... June 18. Poterium Sanguisorba... Salad __,, .. May Agrimonia Eupatoria ... Agrimony . June Rosa canina . Dog Rose . May 31 »» arvensis . Trailing Rose . June _ Pyrus communis . Pear ... April 27 ... » Malus . Apple . May », Aucuparia . Mountain Ash . May a Arial .. Beam Tree ... May », torminalis . Wild Service-tree ‘ Crataegus Oxyacantha Hawthorn . May 11 _ Epilobium angustifolium Rose-bay Willow Herb June aA hirsutum... Hairy as » July 2 ‘ parviflorum... Small-flower'd ,, » July A montanum ... Common A » June + tetragonum... Square Willow Herb... June 19 . 3 palustre . Marsh a 5 . July Circaea lutetiana . Enchanter's Nightshade July -Oenothera biennis . Evening Primrose ‘Lythrum Salicaria . Purple Loosestrife . June : Bryonia dioica ... Bryony ... May 25. _Cotyledon Umbilicus ... Pennywort . June Sedum rhodiola . Rose-root Stonecrop 4, album . White s5 . June 3» acre . Biting & ... June »» rupestre . Rock a5 .. July » Telephium . Orpine = Semper-virens tectorum Houseleek on ibes Grossularia . Gooseberry ... April 3... rubrum .. Red Currant ... May Saxifraga granulata ... Meadow Saxifrage ... May “A tridactylites Rue-leaved ,, . May no umbrosa . London Pride ars Chrysosplenium oppo- sitifolium... Golden Saxifrage .. Mar. », alternifolium ... ae “y . Mar. Parnassia palustris . Grass of Parnassus icula europea . Wood Sanicle April 28 sium g'raveolens .. Celery July nodiflorum . Procumbent Celery July Sison Amomum Hedge Sison Aegopodium Podagraria Goutweed June Cz a ... Caraway . ” Petroselinum Sativa ... Parsley one Pimpinella Saxifraga ... Burnet Saxifrage . July magna , Greater Burnet Saxifrage July 25 22 we Ger 24... caere TOMA 12. 5 Ey aud goz SOeFnoco ongneraes: 2 49m ag Record. . Ww. W,C,G my x S80 25) fo ye O 2) S q S x . GWA. ._ GWA, Latin Name. Oenanthe fistulosa 5 Phellandrium e pimpinelloides Aethusa Cynapium Silaus pratensis Angelica sylvestris Pastinaca sativa : Heracleum Spbesdyieia Scandix Pecten-Veneris Conopodium denudatum Chaerophyllum sylvestre 9 temulum 35 Anthricus Caucalis nodosa BS Anthriscus Daucus Carota Conium maculatum Hedera Helix Js Smyrnium Olusatrum ... Viscum album Cornus sanguinea Adoxa Moschatellina ... Sambuscus nigra Viburnum Lantana Fe Opulus Lonicera Periclymenum Galium Cruciata »» verum ae aaa os x x 2g . W, C, G, Gi, [P, ¥. . GWA, . E. . B. « GWA . W. . C,G, B, E. .. P, W, C, G, Gi; Jam C/G .. C, Gi, Ri, B . EG . Wz .. GWA. «CB ee ee Latin Name. Myosotis palustris A arvensis = collina oP versicolor F sylvatica es repens Pulmonaria officinalis ... Lycopsis arvensis Lithospermum officinale on arvense... Anchusa semper-virens Symphytum officinale ... Borago officinalis Cynoglossum officinale Hyoscyamus niger Solanum Dulcamara Solanum nigrum Atropa Belladonna Orobanche major Lathraea squamsria Verbascum Thapsus 39 nigrum Linaria vulgaris Bs minor “5 Cymballaria 3 spuria Scropbuiaria nodosa - aquatica ... Mimulus luteus _ Digitalis purpurea _ Veronica spicata “s Serpyllfolia “a officinalis a5 Anagallis a Beccabunga ... ” montana ae os Chamaedrys ... 45 hederaefolia ... os agrestis “A Buxbaumii arvensis 4 Bartsia Odontites _Euphasia officinalis _ Rhinanthus Grae pall: Pedicularis palustris a sylvatica -Melampyrum pratense _Lycopus europaeus 29 1S Stes TLS 18 .. Tae. 29 ... English Name. Date. ... True Forget-me-not ... June ... Field A .. April 28 ... . Early ee . July . Changing ,, . June . Wood A . April 29 ... . Creeping ,, . June Lungwort ,, .. June . Small Bugloss . June Gromwell Corn Gromwell ae Alkanet .. May Comfrey ... May . Borage . May Hound’s-tongue . June 11 . Henbane ... June 11. . Bitter Sweet ... May 23. . Black Nightshade . July . Deadly - ... June .. Great Broomrape . July . Toothwort . May .. Common Mullein . June 12. . Black Hf ade . Yellow Toad Flax .. July ... Lesser ... June .. Ivy-leaved ,, .. Jan. ... Round tS ... July . Knotted Figwort . May 28. Marsh F . June 15. . Monkey Flower . June .. Foxglove ... June ... Spiked Speedwell July . Thyme-leaved 95 «=. May .. Common Ap . June 11 . Water 5 . June Brooklime specs, May . Mountain +3 . May Germander » +» May Ivy-leaved Ry . Mar. . Procumbent aguas.) Jan: .. Buxbaum’s poets. Mar, Fo! . Wall »» «+ May 31 . Red Bartsia ... July . Eye-bright . May 27. Yellow Rattle May . Marsh Lousewort .. Common 55 ... May Cow Wheat .. June . Gipsywort .. July OgPMAMON zenongeeres Ow = Q Om RFS a < S BS 38 aE ABE ARO Ge Q be a ne we =m G, Gi. Latin Name. Mentha aquatica ae sativa a arvensis »» rotundifolia »» piperita Thymus Serpyllum Origanum vulgare Calamintha Acinos ” Clinopodium re officinalis ... Nepeta Glechoma Prunella vulgaris Scuttellaria galericulata ve minor Marrubium vulgare Stachys Betonica 5 sylvatica * palustris > arvensis Galeopsis Ladanum Galeopsis Tetrahit Ballota nigra Lamium purpureum rT album a maculatum .. y Galeobdolon ... Sn amplexicaule ... o incisum Teucrium Scorodonia .. Ajuga reptans Verbena officinalis Armeria plantaginea ... Plantago major Bs media 55 lanceolata Chenopodium Bonus Henricus... 5 urbicum... Be murale ... is album BF rubrum .., Atriplex patula Rumex Acetosa » Acetosella By obtusifolius », crispus cee 5 Hydrolapathum »» Maritimus 30 English Name. . Water Mint . Whorled = .. Corn 55 .. Round-leaved _,, ... Pepper 1B . Thyme . Marjoram Basil Thyme Wild Basil Common Calamint . Ground Ivy . Self Heal Common Scullcap . Lesser oa .. White Horehound .. Betony . Hedge Woundwort . Marsh 39 . Corn ss .. Red Hemp Nettle mt .. Common Hemp Nettle ... ... Black Horehound . Red Dead Nettle .. White “s . Spotted ,, Yellow ¥5 Henbit __,, .. Small oA . Wood Germander . Bugle . Common Vervain Plantain Thrift . Great Plantain fc. LEO is . Ribwort ,, Good King Henry Upright Goosefoot Nettle-leaved ,, . White = Red 53 . Orache .. Common Sorrel . Sheep's ‘ . Common Dock Curled fe Water oA . Golden 4 vette) 3 Q my ZO ogvegronaman 2 929929 a pr Record, 2 S Sy . G.W.H. my S be me if ae N Sy N bh = 4 Latin Name. - Mercurialis perennis _ Callitriche aquatica Urtica urens Parietaria officinalis - Humulus Lupulus -Ulmus campestris x montana Alnus glutinosa Betula alba _ Carpinus Betulus _ Fagus sylvatica Quercus Robur pals fragilis ayy) alba 4, amygdalina 5) purpurea yy Viminalis 4, Caprea aurita iperus communis AXUS baccata » simplex m maculatum triscula Corylus Avellana (Fem.) 31 English Name. _ Polygonum Fagopyrum Buckwheat AS aviculare . Knot Grass 5 Convolvulus Black Bindweed - Bistorta . Snakeweed “ amphibium ... Amphibious Bistort =a Persicaria ... Persicaria a lapathafolium Pale Bistort _ Daphne Laureola ... Spurge Laurel : eecorbia Helioscopia Sun Spurge -s Peplus <=. Betty: ~,; 3 exigua .. Small ,, Rs Amygdaloides Wood ,, » platyphyllos... Broad ,, e's, Lathyris . Caper ,, - ,, Esula . Leafy Spurge . Dog’s Mercury . Water Starwort . Small Nettle ... Common,, . Pellitory-of-the-wall . Hop . Common Elm . Wych . Alder .. Birch . Hornbeam Hazel Nut . Beech .. Oak ... Crack Willow ... White - . Almond ,, . Purple ,, . Osier . Sallow ,, ... Round-eared Willow . White Poplar .. Black i$ . Scotch Fir .. Juniper . Yew . Bulrush .. Branched Bur-reed . Simple 33 .. Lords and Ladies . Sweet Flag ... Lesser Duckweed ... Ivy-leaved ,, . Feb. . Mar. mee uby, . July Date. Record. July 7... R. June 18... E. July 15... GW.Z. June 15 ... N. June 15 ... W, C, G, Gi. . July 18... C, Y. Feb. 27 ... G.W.4. Jan. 4... C. Jan. 4... C, June 15... E. May 4... R. June 15... W. Jan. 4... W. me Mayi27,... Ps - May 19) ....W. UNS EB rey Bs .. April 5... G.W.Z. Mater cQea4 Cy .. Mar. 28 ... G.W.H. . April 25.2... E, . May 19... B. TZ ese E ... did not deuce 4.2) May, i220 pint Be a. May (2). Wy Js Me. May 12900) :G.W.Z. . May 1... GWA .. May 31... W. . April) ;3.... Ri, T i. Marsjt4incs Ry cB. . April 29 ... G.W.Z. . Mar. 28 ... G.W.H. 9 ... GW. > May 7 coi Be . June ir ... GW.Z. . Mar. 1 C.I.G. 7 GWA. 23... G.W.H. Be July 23 wpiGi 2. . April 25 .... W. . May 28 ... G.W.4. ee yune: 4... Gwe Latin Name. Potamogeton natans ... Triglochin palustre Butomus umbellatus Sagittaria sagittifolia ... Alisma Plantago Hydrocharis Morsus- 32 English Name. Pondweed . Arrowgrass . Flowering Rush Arrowhead . Water Plantain ranae... Frogbit Epipactis latifolia . Broad Helleborine + palustris . Marsh 7 Cephalanthera grandiflora... Large +c Listera ovata . Twayblade Neottia Nidusavis Bird’s-nest Orchid Orchis Morio ... Green-winged ,, », maculata . Spotted +5 »» mascula .. Early Purple ,, », latifolia . Marsh Orchid »» pyramidalis Habenaria conopsea nA bifolia op viridis Herminium Monorchis... Ophrys apifera >» muscifera Iris Pseudacorus Crocus Vernus Narcissus Pseudonarcissus... Galanthus nivalis Tamus communis Paris quadrifolia Polygonatum officinale a5 multiflorum Convallaria majalis Ornithogalum umbellatum... Scilla nutans Allium ursinum 5, vineale Colchicum autumnale ... Juncus communis », articulatus » glaucus », obtusiflorus », bufonius » tenuis . Pyramidal rt . Fragrant fe . Butterfly ne . Frog me Musk “- .. Bee Ap . Fly + . Yellow Flag . Purple Crocus Lent Lily . Snowdrop . Black Bryony . Herb Paris 35e Angular Solomon’s Seal Common 3 hee . Lily-of-the-Valley Star of Bethlehem . Wild Hyacinth Common Garlic . Crow ac Meadow Saffron . Common Rush . Jointed = . Hard es . Obtuse A . Toad “4 . Slender __,, Seon ZaN a 2 ce) 2nOn2 2H WwW, . P, W, C,G, J, Gi, Y. RST, Bye ii ah _W, Cc. . B. . Wz 23 zy 4 — : QR > ay ps = Rig R a 8 by Latin Name. Luzula pilosa »» campestris Scirpus sylvaticus », palustris Eriophorum polystachion... Carex leporina »» remota — 5, paniculata », vulpina caespitosa >», acuta >» praecox », tomentosa =, hitta » flava >, distans ») panacea » sylvatica », strigosa », pendula ampullacea », paludosa _ Blysmus compressus . - Milium Effusum Anthoxanthum ademas Phalaris canarensis 7 Digraphis arundinacea _ Phleum pratenss _ Alopecurus pratensis ... geniculatus ” a agrestis Avena fatua »» pratensis », flavescens Arrhenatherum Piptcus lanatus », mollis Hordeum sylvaticum ... BS pratense murinum avenaceum.. 33 English Name. ... Hairy Wood Rush . Field a .. Wood Scirpus . Marsh ,, Cotton Grass . Oval Sedge . Remote AD . Panicled es . Fox “rn . Tufted 33 ..< Acute # . Early 3 .. Downy BS . Hairy 5 ... Yellow “ . Distant +3 . Carnation ,, Wood x .. Thin-spiked ,, ;, Pseudocyperus... Cyperus ob .. Pendulous ,, .. Bottled AS .. Marsh ae . Broad Blismus . Wood Millet Grass Vernal af . Canary s Reed ae . Timothy op ‘ Meadow Foxtail Grass... Marsh 5 Fe .. Slender xf bn . Wild Oat . Perennial ,, . Yellow ,, . False = .. Common Holcus . Soft S5 Wood Barley ... Meadow ,, . Wall +5 . Couch Grass . Rye es ... Darnel Date. May . May . June . June ... May ... May . May May ... May ... May ... May ... May ... May . May ... May ... May ... May . May ... June . May .. May . May . July . July May - . June ... June .. July . July . Jan. . June yume . July . June ... June . July . June : Slee . April 28 ... ... June . June 2X AHAAAAHAHZARA| HAS OO Record. G. W.H. . C.W.H. Se SN Soins yh Ree Ro eS 5 Q O25 a Latin Name. Brachypodium sylvaticum ... an pinnatum... Bromus erectus = asper 55 sterilis a mollis Festuca ovina » €elatior Dactylis Glomerata Cynosurus cristatus Briza media Poa annua »» pratensis »» nemoralis » fluitans » trivialis Poa aquatica Catabrosa ,, Melica uniflora a nutans Equisetum palustre es arvense 3 Telmateia ... Ophioglossum vulgatum Polypodium vulgare + Phegopteris “A calcareum Aspidium Filix-mas a> aculeatum AA angulare a spinulosum ... Asplenium filix-foemina #4 Trichomanes “8 Adiantum -nigrum.., = Ruta -muraria... Scolopendrium vulgare Ceterach officinarum ... Pteris aquilina 34 English Name. Slender False Brome Heath 5 “ .. Upright Brome . Hairy Pe ... Barren 35 . Soft 3 . Sheep’s Fescue . Meadow ,, . Cock’s-foot . Dog’s-tail . Quaking . Common Meadow Grass ... Smooth “A .. Wood ne ... Floating os ... Roughish 5 . Reed aA ... Water Catabrosa . Wood Melick .. Mountain ,, . Marsh Horse-tail . Field + Great a“ Adder’s Tongue . Common Polypody Beech Fern Mountain Polypody . Male 7 . Prickly Shield Fern ” ” ” Broad a ue Lady Fern Common Spleenwort Black “5 Wall Rue + Hart’s Tongue Scaly Fern . Bracken KOSS Date. Record. July 8... GWE. Jan. 4... f,.R.W-E June 15 G.W.H May 28 G. WH. May 25... G.W.H. June! rr 2-3W,'C. July 8... GW Jan. 4... G. June 20 ... G.W.H. Junel °6°.-1GFP. Jan. “4 <7-We May 28 ... G.W.H. May 31 ... W. June 9... G.W.H. June 18 ... C. June 8 ...>W. May 31 .. C, W. April. 27°2-3-@: April 28 ... C. June 17 ... J.R. W-£. June 11 WwW, GC, J May 20 G. W. EL. May 23 W, C, Gi june" 15"... Wis April 3 G.W.H. July 18 Cy Ve Mar. 7 G.W.H. May 4 G. WH. June 11 G, J, Gi. 7 35 Gnfomological Section. President ... J. C. SALTER, Esq. SJELFIELD, E. Samuelson, R. A. Jenkins and Harker gave in their names as wishing to join this Section, and Jenkins and Harker sent in collections for the prize. Harker’s collection was adjudged the best, and was certainly superior to any collection sent in : for the competition for many years past. His specimens | were very fine ones and were excellently set up, showing that he had taken great pains over his collection. We are particularly glad at being able to publish his list, as it gives for the first time the names of the specimens captured either in Cheltenham or in its immediate neighbourhood. The number of nets brought out on excursions seemed rather more numerous this year than before. COLLECTION MADE BY O. A. HARKER DURING 1901. BUTTERFLIES. Large White ... Pieris Brassicae ... Cheltenham Small White as » Rapae Bee a Green-veined White Pe », Napi woe 55 Brimstone Butterfly ... Gonepterix Rhamni f Orange Tip ... Euchloe Cardamines ... Birdlip ‘Marble White .. Melanargia Galatea ... Leckhampton Speckled Wood ... Pararge Aegeria ... Paignton, S. Devon ‘Wall Butterfly np » Megaera ... Cheltenham Large Heath ... Epinephele Tithonus ... Chepstow I ; + Hyperanthus Leckhampton Meadow Brown sas e Janira .. Cheltenham ‘Small Heath ... Coenonympha Pamphilus... 3 Red Admiral .. Vanessa Atalanta ... Leckhampton “5 Io ... Cheltenham Small Tortoise-shell Comma Silver-washed Frittillary... Dark Green we High Brown Ah Small Pearl Bor’d ,, Greasy AS site White-letter Hairstreak ... Green =F Small Copper Chalk Hill Blue Azure 73 Clifden oe Common ay Brown Argus Grizzled Skipper Dingy os Large 99 Small “ Humming Bird Hawk Green Forester Six-spotted Burnet Currant Clearwing Ghost Swift Common Swift Buff Tip Puss Moth Hox? "4; Lackey Drinker Common Vapourer Gold Tail Wood Tiger Buff Ermine Cinnabar Common Footman Large Yellow Underwing Lesser Broad-border Early Grey 36 Vanessa Urticae Ae C. Album Argynnis Paphia ae Aglaia ” Adippe -t Selene Melitaea Artemis Thecla W. Album Fee sailoy Polyommatus Phlaeas... Lycaena Corydon “ Argiolus +3 Adonis Lycaena Alexis 3 Agrestis Syrichthus Alveolus Thanaos Tages Hesperia Sylvanus os Linea MOTHS. SPHINGES. Macroglossa Stellatarum... Ino Statices Zygaena Filipendulae... Sesia Tipuliformis BOMBYCES. Hepialus Humuli Ar Lupulinus Phalera Bucephala Dicranura Vinula Bombyx Rubi 5: Neustria Odonestis Potatoria Orgyia Antiqua Liparis Auriflua Nemeophila Plantaginis... Spilosoma Lubricipeda... Euchelia Jacobaeae Lithosia Complanula ... NOCTUAE. Triphaena Pronuba 53 Ianthina Xylocampa Lithoriza ... Cheltenham Chepstow Paignton, S, Devon Cheltenham Leckhampton Cheltenham Paignton, S. Devon Chepstow Andoversford Cheltenham Leckhampton Cheltenham Paignton, S. Devon Cheltenham ” Leckhampton Leckhampton Colesbourne Leckhampton Cheltenham ” ” ” Colesbourne Cheltenham Leckhampton Cheltenham ” Cheltenham ~ ” Striped Wainscot Common aS Smoky aS Shoulder-striped ,, Brown-line Bright-eye Buff Arches Feathered Gothic Bright-line Brown-eye Cabbage Moth Grey Dagger Burnished Brass Silver Y The Herald Turnip Moth or Common ~ Dart... Light Arches Angle Shades Marbled Beauty Burnet Noctua Mother Shipton Straw Underwing Swallow-tail Moth Light Emerald Brimstone Moth August Thorn Little Thorn _ Scalloped Oak Common Wave Common White Wave Slender Treble Bar - Mottled Grey Green Carpet Garden ,, _ Silver-Ground Carpet Galium 7 Flame ” Beautiful Argent and Sable Chalk Carpet ‘Currant Moth Latticed Heath Common Heath 37 Leucania Impudens £ Pallens “ Impura 7 Comma a Conigera Thyatira Derasa Neuronia Popularis Hadena Oleracea Mamestra Brassicae Acronycta Psi Plusia Chrysitis » Gamma Gonoptera Libatrix Agrotis Segetum Xylophasia Lithoxylea... Phlogophora Meticulosa... Bryophila Perla Euclidia Glyphica » Mi Cerigo Matura GEOMETRAE. UropteryxSambucaria... Metrocampa Margaritaria... Rumia Luteolata Ennomos Angularia Epione Advenaria Crocallis Elingularia ... Cabera Exanthemata ... “ Plusaria Anaitis Plagiata Scoparia Basistrigalis... Laurentia Viridaria Melanippe Fluctuata a Montanata... 4: Galiata Coremia Propugnata . Melanthia Albicillata ... Melanippe Hastata 3 Procellata ... Abraxas Grossulariata... Strenia Clathrata Ematurga Atomaria Lomaspilis Marginata... Triphosa Dubitata _.,. ” ” Cirencester Cheltenham ” ” Colesbourne ” Cheltenham Cheltenham ” Chepstow Cheltenham ” Paignton, S. Devon Cheltenham Chepstow Cheltenham ” ” Paignton, S. Devon Leckhampton Cheltenham 2 »” Andoversford Cheltenham Yellow Shell Willow Beauty Blood Vein Chimney Sweeper Small White Wave Small Magpie Mother of Pearl The Garden Pearl Beautiful China Moth Purple-bordered Gold 38 Gamptogramma Bilineata... Boarmia Gemaria Timandra Amataria Tanagra Chaerophyllata.. Asthena Candidata PYRALIDES. Botys Urticalis » Ruralis Pionea Forficalis Hydrocampa Hyria Muricata ” ” ” ” ” Cheltenham a Geological Secfion. President ... C. I. GARDINER, Esq. ZorE interest has been shown in the doings of this Section this year than in former years. More fossil hunters have come out both on the excursions of the whole Society and on the small sectional excursions. A prize of a geological hammer was _ a: Ye=S given to A. A. Roberts for the best collection of esis ane during the Easter holidays, and another to D. L. - Solomon for the best collection made during the Summer term. 4 On the Andoversford excursion we first visited the quarry just behind Whittington village and a little to the North-East of it. _ Here some 1o feet of a pink Oolite Limestone is seen and contains numerous Zerebratula fimbria. Some 50 feet higher up the hill ‘side there is a larger quarry showing about 18 feet of Notgrove Freestone at the top and Gryphite Grit below. The latter’s presence being inferred from the abundant occurrence of blocks with Gryphee in them, but the beds below the Notgrove Freestone are now entirely pscused by detritus. Pholadomya fidicula and Pholadomya Heraultii were abundant. We then went on to the quarry in the Stonesfield Slate where ‘we obtained Ostrwa acuminata, Nerinea, several Terebratule and _Rhynconelle, an Ammonite, five specimens of one species of coral, and a Zvigonia. + The excursion to Cleeve Hill turned out the best for the Geological Section. We visited a quarry in the 7: jimbria zone and also Rolling Bank Quarry, where fossils are specially abundant. H. Williams, Brierley, Stokes, Solomon and Mills proved very energetic in spite of a roasting sun. 40 One of the best finds of the year was made by D. Solomon, who found a fine specimen of Ammonites margaritatus in the Pilley Brick Pit at the base of Leckhampton Hill. This specimen was 5'7 inches across and very well preserved, it has been placed in the Collection in the Museum. There was one excursion to a distance in June, when some half dozen or so trained to Ledbury, but rain spoilt the afternoon. Still we saw the Old Red Sandstone with its high angle of dip and the underlying Silurian beds. Several typical fossils were obtained from the latter beds such as Atrypa reticularis and Strophomena rhomboidalis. Howe and G. T. Neame proved very vigorous hammerers. It is proposed to start this year a collection in the Museum of the derived fossils to be obtained in the sands and gravels in the neighbourhood of Cheltenham. Exposures of these yellow quartz- ose sands are to be seen in several pits in the outskirts of the town and there are to be found in them many fossils which have been washed out of the Lias or Oolite and rolled along under water till they were buried up in the sand in which they are now to be found. The new cuttings along the Cheltenham and Andoversford line have not proved very prolific. But some good specimens were found from the Middle Lias above the Reservoir and a few other fossils were got near Charlton King’s Station. Members of the Section who intend to collect fossils this year should remember to bring back a small geological hammer with them after the Easter holidays. 41 OrnifHological Section. President .. E. A. MENNEER, Esq. —SS es WORKING MEMBERS. B. W. C. A. RENDLE. L. C. TATE. A. G. N. BELFIELD. . EGLESTON. W. G. SEARLE, wo good note-books were sent in, and the sectional prize was awarded to T. A. Hodson. The prize-winner shewed a minute knowledge of the bird life of the locality, and in many cases followed up his observations with successful inferences about the habits of birds. It is hoped that in 1go2 still more note-books will be kept, if only as a perman- ent record of the season’s work. The magnificent bequest soon to be added to the College Museum is spoken of elsewhere. Its presence in our midst should prove an invaluable stimulus to the industry and enthusiasm of the Ornithological Section. ; The Museum is indebted to T. I. G. Thomas for a hawfinch’s nest found on the Crippets, and especially noteworthy is the ‘appearance of a swift flying overhead on September 16. One ‘member tells the story, unfortunately only at second hand, of a brood of 12 or 13 ducklings starting to cross a pond, and falling victims without exception to the voracity of pike before they were able to reach the opposite bank about 25 yards off. The same member puts it on record of chaffinches that “these birds are omnivorous, for they will take corn in Winter.” ! 42 Mr. White reports the annual visit of the greater spotted woodpecker to his garden, and the discovery of a starling’s nest with young in the second week of January. We print below some of the more interesting observations made during the season. April 20... April 23.. April 25... April 28.. May 1.. May 2.. May 7... May 12... May 13.. Nests of coot, redshank, peewit, shoveller and herring- gull found in Yorkshire. -Four herons flying over Cheltenham; first appearance of redstart. Long-tailed tit’s nest nearly built: nine eggs on May 5. .Young robins observed to have mottled brown plumage with a blackish mark on the breast where the red will appear later. -Nightingale heard near Dowdeswell reservoir. .Stonechats on Charlton Common. Redstart’s eggs, of a deeper blue than hedge-sparrow’s. Golden-crested wren’s nest with 12 eggs: also a gold: finch’s nearly built, and a robins lined with feathers. .Barn owl’s nest with 5 eggs, containing a freshly killed mouse and a mole: 2 eggs obviously laid some time before the others. ...Meadow pipit’s: the cup of the nest noticeably less deep than that of the tree pipit’s. ...Kingfisher’s nest, birds just flown. ...Nuthatch’s hole, plastered up as usual: also a bullfinch’s with 3 and a greater whitethroat’s with 6 eggs. ...Nests of flycatcher and red-backed shrike; it was noticed that blackbirds sometimes sing on the ground, ~ and sometimes too on the wing. 4G 43 : BPhofographic Section. . President ... C. E. Youneman, Esq. DARK ROOM MEMBERS, Adderley, R. W. F. Dickinson, H. C. Russell, E. N. Brett, V. W. Dickinson, D. P. Samuelson, V. F. Broderip, J. Y. M. Fitz-Herbert, E. C. W. Simpson, A. F. Browne, W. H. Harford, H. H. Smythies, B. E- _Campbell, W. U. M. Harington, W. G. Spackman, P. G. Clark, R. O. Johnston, A. A. Stephens, D. J. M. Cohen, B. J. B. Jopp, C. H. K. Stephens, R. C. Collett, S. Laming, C. H. R. Tinson, G. G. N. Crosbie, R. E. H. Lawford, A. N. Turpin, T. K. Curtis, J. O. Miller, G. S. Webb, S. N. C. Darwin. T. W. Pearce, H. G. Williams, R. B. Davies, G. Capel Perkins, H. B. Woollatt, C. H. Davies, J. R. Capel Radclifle, J. E. B. Woollatt, R. Davis, E. B. VN unfruitful year; photography seems now so pleasant and easy a pastime that few—too few—make regular work of it. In the Summer term three or four showed up prints; M. M. L. Currie’s were decidedly the best, being the beginning of a series of = flower and plant records; a good line to pursue, with ouice of interest and beauty increasing with time and the skill that comes of practice. ( Our show of lantern slides in December brought out good work from Butt and A. A. Johnston, between whom it was hard to decide ; the final judgement had to wait till the slides were shewn ‘in the lantern, and then Johnston had it. Both sets were clean, careful work: some of it is printed in this Report. Other exhibitors 44 were Smythies, E. A. Samuelson, and Dickinson ; but they were plainly not so experienced as the other two. The show would have been but a small one without contributions from Mr. Borchardt and Mr. Towers, and some few people who lent negatives for slides to be made from,—which is better than nothing, but not entirely satisfactory. The Dark Room is not a new one yet, but it is now so newly conspicuous that we shall look for many to be attracted by it. And we are promised an electric lamp for it, with the aid of which bromide printing ought to become fashionable. 45 FUNGI. MJUNGI are a class of the most lowly organised plants. There is no differentiation amongst them into root, stem and leaf, such as we are accustomed to see in our common garden plants, while a character which marks them off from other plants, of almost equally low EN organisation, is the absence of Chlorophyll. This green folowing matter is used by the plants which possess it to enable them to extract food material from the air. A Fungus, not possessing it, cannot take its food from the same source, and so it lives on material from which it can extract the food that it requires for its existence. Some of the Fungi grow on decomposing vegetable _ and animal matter, and take in chemical compounds formed during the decomposition through numberless little threads, which occupy, to a certain extent, the position of the roots of higher plants. _ These threads spread in all directions through the decomposing _ material and can be seen round the base of such a Fungus as the ! Mushroom, if one carefully cuts into the earth beneath it. P But though many Fungi grow on dead matter, others are found on living organisms, the moulds which grow on ripe fruits being cases of such a kind of Fungus. Taking a Mushroom asa good example of a certain class of Fungus, we can easily distinguish a stalk with a collar round it and a cap which consists of a white _upper part and bears on its under side a number of plates or gzdls, which are pink or black in colour according to their age. If you cut off the cap and leave it for a few hours on a piece of paper, and then remove it, you will find the paper covered with a fine brown dust. This, if magnified, is seen to be a mass of small oval bodies, each of which is called a spore, and from which new Mushrooms spring. If a young Mushroom is noticed, the outer covering of the cap is seen to join the stem and afterwards to break, leaving part attached to the stem as the collar. y ¢ % ay So —~_ y ye ig : ~ = 46 There are a large number of Fungi round Cheltenham which resemble the Mushroom, though they may differ in having no collar, or in their colour, or in the appearance of the cap, and so on, but the possession of gills on which the spores grow is charac- teristic of a very large number indeed. Another and quite a different class of Fungi look at a distance just like a Mushroom, but on being turned upside down are found to have no gills, but in their place a honeycomb-looking mass of tissue in which the spores grow. Such a Fungus is Boletus laricinus, which grows in profusion on the larch woods on the hills above The Crippets. Another example of such a Fungus with pores, but no gills in which the spores grow, is quite unlike a Mushroom, it grows out from the trunks of trees like a bracket, and is sometimes yellow, sometimes brown or black, and often a foot in breadth. Still another class of Fungi is formed by the Puff Balls. The interior of these contains a material on which the spores grow, which dries up into a dusty mass. The covering skin often ruptures at the top and the spores are expelled through the opening and blown away. Examples of these and of other classes of Fungi have been very common near Cheltenham during the autumn of this year, and a study of this somewhat neglected class of plant cannot fail to be interesting to any keen botanist. ‘ANUNOG “VY “V “4OANSDIAT “UOET ‘zo61 ‘yyb Arenigay ‘3991109 punoj pu paitpny auvg ‘WM 9 9 IF Seo toy N =a Sam He OreGel** JOINSedL], JO spuey Ul doUR[eg tang nie? © of 0 JauIpaey ‘Ay dad “9ag [eoIsojoMojUy “ozl4g ma = z oir v - gouapuajuuedng wooy yleq ‘uAyeW Ea = o o I ‘ uewZuno, ‘ayy sod ‘uoro9g OJ0Yg ‘azug os Py : Wy, SBUUISLIGD A AS al JouIprey ‘ay sed a8ejsog pur Joyed Ege” See cide “* suoisinoxg ¥ jo sasuadxq o 61 4 “* aouapuajuedng mooy yeq ‘Udy aera ee - woow sag ee eae fo aaa Nel Aa ‘ AieulprgQe ss “* seunysiiyd a re ‘939 ‘s[aMO, ‘19I1YS er ‘ik ¢ Aer taRe gz € “+ gouapuajuedng wooy ye ‘UAW } : ge ns ‘ wa haere a fel ee “+ syoday ur sojoyg Sunutg a Y mh ait: A’ on ul ae m pats nn oe & i oo .. a Piet : . rie i , - - we ower La M ic. ce , + 4 La haa i a py ot a THE COURAGE COLLECTION, BY C. E. YOUNGMAN, Esq. TTT, YE ROO IE, SPIRES os i a | THE COURAGE COLLECTION, BY C. E. YOUNGMAN, Esq. BEARS PRESENTED By E. GIBsoN, EsQ., BY C. E. Youneman, Esq. BisHAM ABBEY, BY F. G. DAVIEs. GENEVA, BY J. B. COHEN. ‘SHIHLAWS “YG Ad ‘SHAVA\ VAS CHELTENHAM COLLEGE ——— 95519 02%°s~— Sumptibus Editorum Cheltoniensium. CHELTENHAM : JOHN DARTER, COLLEGE BOOK AND STATIONERY DEPOT, NORTHWICK TERRACE, eee en, ee ’ CONTENTS. Preface The Council, 1902 Rules "4 List of Members (1) Archaeological Section (2) Botanical Section (3) Entomological Section (4) Geological Section (5) Ornithological Section (6) Bhaciraptae Section ... ee Balance Sheet PAGE 51 54 PREFACE. Durine the year the excursions have proved as popular as ever and the standard of work was well maintained. The attendance at the lectures has improved and our thanks are due to those who have been so kind as to lecture to the Society. Mr. Witts has once more told us something from that fund of knowledge which he possesses about the archeology of our district and Dr. Pruen has spoken to us about the workings of our brains, while Mr. Borchardt has lectured on a subject of much local interest, for the Severn Bore is the best one to be seen round our islands and it was a discussion of this which formed no inconsiderable part of his lecture. During the year the Courage Collection of Birds has been housed in the new part of the Museum and forms a magnificent addition to our collection. Mr, White has been busy naming and, to a certain extent, arranging the birds, but we want more cases to display the specimens to the best advantage. The Highett microscope, brought by Dean Pigou to the College, has proved of great use, and has led to the resuscitation of the Microscopical Section, which up till very recently existed with Mr. Scott as its President. Mr. Perrott has kindly consented to look after the Section, and so the microscope will be still further used than it is at present. It is a magnificent gift, and the only drawback is that several people cannot look down it at the same time. The Botanical Section has continued and even increased its activity under the fostering care of its new President, but has lost a remarkably keen and energetic member in H. N. Wright. In losing Jenkins and Hooker the Entomological Section lose promising naturalists, _ Treasurer B Secretary 1 : i : - President of Archeological Section oa President of Botanical Section President of Entomological Section ae ‘ President of Geological Section 4 President of Ornithological Section THE COUNCIL, 1902. ‘THE PRINCIPAL. W. M. Baker, EsgQ. C. I. Garpiner, Esq. A. S. Owen, Esq. G. W. Hepbtey, Esq. J. C. Satter, Esq. C. I. GARDINER, Esq. E. A. MENNEER, Esq. C. E. Youneman, Esq. F. J. Cape, Esq. RULES. 1.—-That this Society be called The Cheltenham College Natural History Society, and have for its object the promotion of the Study of Natural History. 2—That ordinary Meetings of this Society be held on Fridays once in three weeks, at 5.30 p.m., or at any such other times as the Council of the said Society may appoint, when papers and notes on observations shall be read and discussed, specimens exhibited, and the ordinary business of the Society transacted. 3.-—That each Member of the Society is entitled to introduce two friends at any Meeting. Visitors may speak and read papers with the leave of the President or Chairman of the Meeting. 4.—That field days be appointed for the purpose of making excursions to places of interest in the neighbourhood. 5-—That a terminal Subscription of 1/- be payable in advance by all Members, except Honorary Members, who shall subscribe 5/-, and that all Members who have paid five consecutive term- inal subscriptions, be exempt from further payment.- 6.—That any Member whose Subscription shall be a whole term in arrears, shall cease to be a Member of the Society. 7.—That Members be encouraged to join Sections for the more accurate study of the different branches of Natural History: that the formation of these be arranged, and the work settled at the first Meeting of each term: that each Section be under a President, who is responsible for its meetings and organisation, and that a Secretary be appointed by each Section to keep minutes of its proceedings, of which a summary shall appear in the Report. 8.—That the Society issue a Report as often as the Council think fit. ae Ss SS ee me ee rl eee 7 g.—That the Officers of this Society consist of a President, Vice-President, a Secretary, and Treasurer, who, with the Presidents and Secretaries of the branches, shall constitute the Council of the Society, besides the Natural Science Masters, who shall be ex-officio Members of the Council. 10.—That the duties of the President shall be to preside at Meetings, and act as general referee on all questions of order. 11.—That in the absence of the President, the Vice-President shall preside, or, in his absence, a Member of the Council. 12.—That the duties of the Secretary shall be to give notice of Meetings of the Society and of the Council, and to enter the minutes of Meetings in a book kept for that purpose, to collect subscriptions, and to give account of the same. 13.—That the Treasurer’s accounts, after the approval and signature of two Auditors, to be appointed at the last meeting of each year, to be laid on the table at the first meeting of the succeeding year. 14.—That the Officers constitute for the time being the Council of the Society, in which shall be vested all arrange- ments not provided for in these Rules. 15.—That the Secretary have power by a vote of the majority of Members present, at a special or Ordinary Meeting, to erase from the list of the Society any Member whose conduct should be adverse to the interests and objects of the Society. Fees and Subscriptions are in no case to be returned, but re- election of an ex-member to be permitted during the next term. 16.—That the Members of the Society on leaving the College become corresponding Members. 17.—That no alteration be made in these Rules except at a General Meeting at which 21 Members at least are present, and then only provided it is carried by a majority of two-thirds of those present. Cheltenham College Datural History Society. President Secretary Treasurer Adderley Allan Appleby Banks Bazeley Begbie Bickerdike Bignell Biscoe Bourke Brettell Buckley Burke, E. P. Burke, H. Capel Davies, G. Chard Cohen, E. Collett Congreve Conran Courtney Cowan Cummins, A. Cunningham Davidson Davis, F. Davis, W. Edwards, C. W. Exham Farmer Fawkes FIRST TERM, THE Rev. R. WATERFIELD. C. I. GARDINER, Esq. Life Members. Festing Fitzherbert, E. C. W. Freeland Glendinning Griffiths, G. Grose Harriugton, W. G. Herbert Hill Howlden Jenkins Johnstone, A. G. Johnstone, R. Jopp Kenworthy Knowling Laming Lamotte Lawford Lawson Layton Lemon Littleton Locke Lowther Malden Maxwell, G. Maxwell, E. McCulloch McSwiney Megaw 1902. W. M. Baker, Eso. Meyer Milton, L. Mitchell Dawson Morris Morrison Murray, G. Nicolls O’Donel Oppenheim, D. V. Pardoe Peel, A. R. Pottinger Priday Radcliffe, I. V. Roberts, A. A. Russell Samuelson, E. A. G. Sidebottom Simpson Stopford Storr Thomas, T. I. G. Thoyts Tinson Tolson Turner Tyzack Vicat Williams Woolatt Wright, H. N. ty lee 6 —- , Ainlee Allen Ames Beadon, B. Belfield Bingham Birch Blood Bourke Brierley Broderip Brown, E. Burrard Butt Campbell, A. L. Campbell, W. U. M. Clark, R. O. Cohen, J. B. Cork *Cummins Curtis Darwin Daubeny Davies, F..W. K. Edwards, J. F. Adderley Allan, K. D. % Appleby _ Banks Bazeley Begbie Bickerdike Bignell - Biscoe Brettell - Buckley _ Burke, E. P. - Burke, H. Campbell, A. L. Chard 2 Ordinary Members. Egleston Fasken Francis, H.-E. Fryer Gardiner, B. L. Gard’ner, E. C. Gordon, R. H. Gordon, G. Grieve, W. Hall, E. V. Harford Harker Harington, H. R. Krauss Lesser, A. C. Lloyd-Jones, W. Marsden, H. Mayne McSwiney Milne Milton, F. Maine, G. T. Maine, H. Nicholls Osborne, E. A. SECOND TERM, 1902. Life Members. Collett Congreve Conran Courtney Cowan Cummins, A. Cunningham Daubeney Davidson Davis, F. Davis, W. Edwards, C. W. Exham Farmer Festing Fitzherbert, E. C. W. Pearce Porter Radcliffe Ritter Roberts, A. Rushbrooke Russell, E. A. Shepherd Skipton Smith, W. H. Smythies, B. E. Spackman Sternberg Stokes Sutcliffe, A. L, Tatam Tate Thomas Todrick Wallace Waterhouse Webb, S. N. C. Woolatt, C. H. Young, R. D. Freeland Fryer Glendinning Gordon Griffiths Grose Harker Harrington Herbert Hill Howlden Jenkins Johnstone, A. A. Johnstone, R. Jopp Kenworthy Knowling Laming Lamotte Lawford Lawson Layton Lemon Littleton Locke Lowther Malden Maxwell, E. B. Maxwell, G. McCulloch MacSwiney Megaw Meyer Ainley Allen Ames Attwood Baker Barrington Beadon Belfield Bingham Blood Bourke Brierley Broderip Brown, E. Burrard Butt Campbell, W. V. M. Capel Davies Clark, R. O. Cohen, E. C. Cohen, J. B. Corbett Cork Cummins Curtis Darwin Dashwood Davies, F. W. K. Denham fe) Milne Milton, L. Mitchell-Dawson Morris Morrison Murray, G. Neame, G. T. Nicolls Oppenheim, D. V. Osborne, E. A. Pardoe Peel, FE. R. Pottinger Priday Radcliffe, F. V. Roberts, A. A. Russell Ordinary Members. Dickinson Drysdale Dyce Edwards, A. G. Edwards, J. F. Egleston Francis Gardner, B. L. Gardiner, E. C. Gibson Gordon, R. H. Grieve, W. Griffiths, N. O. Hailes Hall, E. V. Harford Harington. H. R. Hind Hogg Homfray Hooker Kilner Krauss Lesser, A. C. Littleton Lloyd Jones, W. Marsden Mayne Merce Samuelson, E. A. G. Sidebottom Simpson Stopford Storr Thomas, T. I. G. Thoyts Tinson Tolson Turner Tyzack Vicat Waterhouse Williams Woolatt, C. H. Wright, H. N. Milton, F. Mitchell Montgomerie Moore, C. A. G. Murray, A. C. Neame, H. Nicholls Parcell Pearce Peel Perkins Pitman, C. S. Porter Radcliffe Reeves Ritter Roberts, F. L. Rushbrooke Russell, E. N. Shepherd Skipton Smith, W. H. Smythies, B. E. Spackman Spackman Startin Stephens, D. J. M. y Stephens, R. C. ; Sternberg Il Stokes Tatam Webb, S. W. C. : Strauss Tate, L. Welch . Stuart, A. M. Thomas, E. M. Williams, M. | Studdy Thornton, A. C. Wilson, W. : Summers Todrick Young, R.A. E. . Sutcliffe, A. L. Tulloch Young, R. P. ! . . «- THIRD TERM, 1902. Life Members. . Adderley Glendinning Milton, L. Allan Gordon Morrison Appleby Grieve Murray, G. Bazeley Harker Neame, G. T. Bingham Harington, W. G. Nicolls Biscoe Hill Oppenheim Brettell Jenkins Pardoe Buckley Jopp . Pearce, E. O. Burke, E. P. Kenworthy Peel, A. R. Burke, H. Knowling Priday Campbell, A. L. Lamotte Roberts, A. A. Cohen, J. B. Laming Russell Conran Lawford Samuelson, E. A. G. Cummins, A. A. Lemon Simpson Cunningham Littleton Storr Daubeny Locke Thomas, T. I. G. Davis, F. Malden Todrick Davis, W. Maxwell, E. B. Tolson Egleston, H. McSwiney Turner Farmer Megaw. Tyzack Festing Meyer Vicat Fitzherbert Milne Waterhouse Fryer : Milton, F. Woolatt, C. H. Ordinary Members. Addington Blood Cork Ainley Bourke Cummins, R. C. Allen Brierley Darwin Ames Broderip Dashwood Attwood Brown, E. Denham Baker, P. Burrard Dickinson Barrington Campbell, W. U. M. Drysdale Barrow Capel Davies Dyce Beadon Clark, R. O. - Edwards, A. G. Belfield Cohen, E. C. Edwards, J. F. Birch Coker Earleston, V. Gard'ner, B. L. Gibson Griffiths, N. O. Hailes Hall, E. V. Harford Harington, H, R. Hart Hind Hogg Homfray Kilner Krauss Lesser, A. C. Lloyd Jones, W. Marsden, H. Martin, C. Matthews Mayne McNeile Mercer Mitchell 12 Mongomerie Moore, C, A. G. Murray, A. C. Maine, H. Neame, H. Nicholls Parcell Peel Pelham-Burn Pitman, C. S. Porter, A. B. Prendergast Radcliffe Reeves Ritter Roberts, F. L. Rohde Rushbrooke Russell, E. N. Shepherd Skipton Smith, W. H. Smythies, B. E. Spackman Startin Stephens, D. J. M. Sternberg Stokes Strauss Stuart, A. M. Studdy Summers Sutcliffe, A. L. Tatam Tate, L. Tate, W. Thomas, E. M. Tulloch Webb, S. N. C. Welch Williams, M. Wilson, W. Young, R. A. E. Young, R. P, a Oe ae rod PECEURES | AN Dae xXeURSIONS. - Feb. 7 ... Lecture on Tides and Bores by W. G. Borchart, Esq. Lecture on Volcanoes by C. I. Gardiner, Esq. Expedition to Cranham Woods. Expedition to Andoversford. Bepedition to Colesbourne. Expedition to Birdlip. Expedition to Wainlode and Tewkesbury. Lecture on Glaciers living and dead, by C. I. Gardiner, Esq., : Lecture on British and Roman Remains near Cheltenham, by G. B. Witts, Esq. Lecture on the Brain and how it works, by Dr. Pruen. 14 LIST OF. ARTICLES: PRESENTE Dame THE MUSEUM DURING THE YEAR 1g02. Article Model of Mine Hornets’ Nest Nest of Humming Bird Indian Helmet, Bolivian Orna- ments, Purse made from the skin of Chinchilla, Silver Ore and Boer’s Muzzle-loading Revol- ver taken from De Wet’s Camp Flint Implements Mauser Carbine, Boer Flag, Bandolier, Native Walking Stick, and Boer Hat with Badges, etc. Three Bears, Cases of Stuffed Birds, also Mounted Heads of Elk Cases of Birds and Medallions with Birds Elephant’s Foot ... Human Skull and Bones Presented by H. Nestor Schnurmann, Esq. (O.C.) W. R. Storr (C.) A. Junior (C.) R. P. F. Prain, Esq. (O-C.) Sergeant Wheeler, 2nd Glo’ster Regt. M.I. Rev. Gatty. Captain P. C. van E. Bam (O.C,) -GoF A E. Gibson, Esq. (O.C.) M. Tanner, Esq. (O.C.) Mrs. H. B. Grigg. H. C. Stephens, Esq. (O.C.) Grasshopper in Bottle Indian Coins Specimen of Azurite Model of Boat, Musical Instru- ment, Leg Irons, Native Locks and Shackles ... Sword, Sabre-tache, 4 Coats, Busby. Cap, Pom-poms, Bandolier, Badges, Plume, Bullets, etc., relics of the South African War Chinese Coins Edleweiss from Switzerland Coins of the late S.A. Republic Li, 1s., 6d., and gd. ... Coin (Kruger) Collection of Fossils 15 —. Fox, Esq. (O.C.) H. O. Smith (C.) J. N. MacDonald (C.) Major C. H. Dickinson (O.C.) Major H. Davis, A.S.C. (O.C.) E. A. P. Wood (C.) B. J. Cohen (C.) E. Bernard Wilson, Esq. (O.C.) Lieutenant R. A. H. Orpen- Palmer (O.C.) H. M. Kemble (O.C.) 16 REPORTS “FROM, SECTHONS: Archaeological Section. President... A. S. Owen, Eso. Secretary ... G. B. ALLEN. E had several interesting expeditions during the year 1902, principally to Churches in the neighbourhood. Among these we have visited Winchcombe, where we divided our attention between the fascinating ugly gurgoyles, one of whom wears the medieval equivalent for a chimney pot hat, and the violent proceedings of a high-spirited mare which was fairly making things hum in the streets of the sleepy little town. Other churches visited were Woolston, Dowdeswell, Whittington, Badgworth, Shurdington, and most interesting of all, Deerhurst. One great privilege fell to the lot of the members of our Section in the Summer, as we were taken by Mr. G. B. Witts, a first-rate authority on the subject of Roman and British remains, over the top of Leckhampton Hill and shown the extremely interesting camp and its surroundings; the curious and unexplained burnt earth was pointed out, and our indigna- tion was excited against the wanton destruction of a remarkable barrow on the top of the hill. For his kindness in taking the members round and entertaining them at his house the Section owes Mr. Witts its most grateful thanks, as also for the extremely lucid lecture on the British and Roman remains in the neighbourhood which he gave in the Winter term. It may be mentioned that as a direct outcome of the last the President and Secretary of the Section made a personal investigation of a site where Roman remains have been found, and discovered—nothing ! It is to be hoped that others will emulate their zeal, but be rewarded with greater success. Roman bricks and even coins are constantly being found in this neighbourhood and an obser- vant eye may constantly be rewarded, ; ; a a ee a ee ET ee Le ee eT ne eee ee 17 Botanical Section. SENIOR DEPARTMENT: President ... G. W. Heptey, Esq. JUNIOR DEPARTMENT: President... F. J. Cape, Esq. Working Members. SENIOR. BARRINGTON, A. H. M....(Ba) MarsDEN, H....(JZ) __- Btoop, C. N....(BZ) Mitcue 1, R. R....(JZ2) : BourkKgE, U. L....(Bo) NICHOLLS, T. B. (1) : CunnincuaM, A. G....(C) (1) REEVE, P. L....(2) : Davies, F. W. K... (D) Roserts, A. A. L....(Ra) (2) GARD’NER, B. L....(G) SIDEBOTTOM, W,...(S7) Homeray, S. G....(#) STARTIN, G....(5S) LowTHER, R. C....(Z) Stuppy, R. F. B....(Sz) -. MacSwiney, H. F. C....(Ws) WricGut, H. N....(W) (3) : JUNIOR. Bowen, G. E. S....(2) ROBERTS, C. S....(Ro) ConyBEARE, M. H. C....(Co) ROBERTS, J. R....(8) NoEL, G. B. E....(No) CATTERSON-SMITH, T....(S72) NOEL, J. A. V....(Nv) WaLkeER, H. N....( Wa) Noet, N. P. R. | (Vw) Witson, C. G....( Wz) Woop, E. A.- J" WooDHOUSE, G. S....( Wd) Ritter, J. A....(22) (1) Winner of Prize in 1901. (2) a AS 1899 and rgoo. (3) 5: 1902. SENIOR DEPARTMENT. 7 the beginning of the season this section had the misfortune to lose its President, The Rev. J. R. Wynne-Edwards, owing to his appointment to the Headmastership of Leeds Grammar School. It 18 is to his able management during the past ten years that the present flourishing state of the section is due, and the energy and keenness he infused into it will be felt for a long time to come. There were eighteen working members this year, twelve of whom obtained over fifty specimens. Wright, who exhibited great enthusiasm, was unfortunately absent for the last month of the Summer Term, as was also the case last year, but he succeeded this time in gaining the prize, —two volumes of interesting experiments on plants. Lowther, who only joined the section for about six weeks, made very good use of his time, obtaining, on the average, forty specimens a week. Owing to the cold dull summer many plants which usually flower in July were not found at all this year ; this fact, together with the absences of Wright and Lowther, account for the numbers obtained by the leading competitors being somewhat smaller than usual. The following collected over fifty specimens: H.N. WricHt..._ ... 287 F. W. K. Davies oF GS Re GC. LOWTHER (ir Phi 235 R. F. B. Stuppy tea TS A. G. CUNNINGHAM ..._—_.216 H. F. C. MacSwiney ... 125 H. MARSDEN ies Wereneet os | R. R. MircHety 5 cee EIS Bz Li. Garp' NER 1.9.2.7 066 P. L. REEVE ...7 2. @Aereeo A. H. M. BARRINGTON... 149 The total number of plants is now 630, an increase of go during the last three years. The names of plants recorded for the first time are printed in italics in the list. They include Teesdalia nudicaulis (Common Teesdalia) found on the Malvern hills; Geranium pheum (Dusky geranium) found at Whittington; TZ7rifolium Sragtiferum (Strawberry clover)—kindly pointed out to us by Mr. L. Mott at Wainlode, where it is fairly common—and which has probably been confused in former years with some other species of the large genus of clovers. Lemna polyrrhiza (Greater Duck- weed)—-a plant which does not flower in Britain and which is therefore easily overlooked, was found in the Coombe Hill canal. Daphne Mezereum, a shrub often cultivated in gardens, and Ribes nigrum (Black currant) were obtained by Wright in Birdlip Woods. A fine specimen of Orchis ustulata (Dwarf Orchid) was picked by T. A. Hodson (O.C.) near Crickley Camp. Buxus sempervirens (Common Box) is fairly frequent on Leckhampton an gee ee ee eed rg Hill as also Gentiana amarella (Autumn gentian) which has doubtless not hitherto been distinguished from the Common Gentian. Astragalus hypoglottis (Purple astragal) was found on Cleeve Hill; Rumex conglomeratus (Clustered Dock), Scirpus lacustris (Lake scirpus), Carex pilulifera and Carex glauca were found near Puckham. The Grass Vetchling (Zathyrus Nissolia), a rare plant in this neighbourhood, was found after an interval of some years by A. A. L. Roberts, and the beautiful Dropwort (Spzre@a Filipen- dula) was observed growing in profusion on Bredon Hill in July. Perhaps the most extraordinary ‘find’ was that of the Butterfly Orchid by Mr. Borchardt in Queenhill Wood near Tewkesbury as early as May 6th. This is eleven days earlier than it has ever been found in this country according to the ‘Naturalist’s Diary,’ and no other specimens were seen till late in June. An excellent example of the ease of overlooking flowers near at hand is to be found in the fact that the Hornbeam (Catkin Family) which has frequently been omitted from the annual list, was found growing in the clump of trees at the east end of the Chapel. It has been passed and re-passed almost every day by most members of the section and has probably escaped notice owing to its being somewhat obscured by the poplars. Some changes have been introduced in the list of plants on this occasion in the hope that they will be of use to beginners by enabling them to do a little more for themselves towards classifying the flowers they find. A brief account of the main principles of classification precedes the list proper, and in the list itself are inserted the names of the various Orders together with a short description of their leading characteristics. It may interest some members to know that an excellent - collection of the wild plants of Gloucestershire is to be seen at Pittville Gardens. They have been obtained and transplanted by W. L. Mellersh, Esq. (O.C.), a former member of this Society, and are labelled with their English and Latin names, thus affording an easy means of identifying specimens and of learning the names of the chief local flowers. It is well worth the attention of all members interested in Botany, and arrange- ments will be made for inspecting it on request to the President. It is proposed to offer a second prize in 1903 for the best collection of plants dried in sand. This method of permanently 20 preserving flowers is much superior to the well known plan of pressing them, since both the natural shape and colour are retained, even in the most delicate flowers, to a very high degree of perfection. The means of working the method, which involves no more apparatus than a box and some sand, will be explained to a meeting of the section vefore the beginning of summer. The competition for 1903 will begin at once and those wishing to join the section should give in their names to the President as soon as possible. It may be mentioned that about fifty plants are usually in flower before the end of the Lent Term, and that fellows who begin to collect then have a distinct advantage over those who leave it till the Summer Term. To make our annual list of real scientific value it is important that a sharp look-out should be kept early in the season, and after the mild winter it is probable that a larger number than that mentioned will be found before April. The President will be glad to give information as to the best localities at any time, and the attention of members is directed to the notice board in the Museum for other information in connection with the section. JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. Unfortunately opportunities of collecting were few during the past Summer. G. E. S. Bowen and G. S. Woodhouse had the best records. ee a ae lie a i i a waft ye ee TT — = wp 21 COMMON BOTANICAL TERMS. (1) Catyx z.e. sepals (S) usually green. (2) CoroLta 2z.e. petals (P) usually brightly coloured. Complete |(3) Stamens (St) bearing pollen—a yellow powder ES contained in the anthers. contain AG : (4) PisTix consisting of carpfels. Each carpel has an ovary at the base and a sé/e arising from it. When it is difficult to distinguish the calyx from the corolla the term ferzanth is used to include them both. A Flower (Fl) is regular (reg) when all the petals (or other parts) are equal ; otherwise it is irregular. Flowers are solitary, in heads, in spikes, in umbels, in racemes (spikes with stalked flowers), etc. A Fruit (Fr) is a ripened ovary and may be a. berry, pod or capsule, nut, or stone fruit. LEAVES (L’s) are ofposzte when two spring from the same point on stem on different sides ; alternate when only one comes off at one point, the next springing from the other side of the stem; _ whorled when many leaves spring from same point on the stem; _vadical when they come from near the root and not from the mstem, ' 22 CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. There are two main Divisions, viz. :— I1.—PHANEROGAMS, or flowering plants. Il.—CRYPTOGAMS, or flowerless plants. _Drvision I. is separated into two CLassgs, viz. :— 1.—DICOTYLEDONS, or plants with two seed-leaves. 2.—MONOCOTYLEDONS, or plants with one seed-leaf. Each Class is divided into Groups which are sub-divided into FAMILIES or ORDERS. Each Order contains severa] GENERA, Each genus one or more SPECIES, each species one or more VARIETY. THE GROUPS OF DICOTYLEDONS are:— (i) POLYPETALOUS FLOWERS-—separate petals. (ii) MONOPETALOUS FLOWERS—one compound petal. (iii) APETALOUS FLOWERS—no petals. (i) POLYPETALS are:—(a) HypoGynous—petals and stamens arise from under the ovary (seed-vessel), z.e., ovary is superior and free. (6) PERIGYNOUS—stamens vound the ovary, or EPIGYNOUS—stamens upon the ovary. In (4) the ovary is sometimes superior sometimes inferior, according as the fetals arise from below or above the ovary. (ii) MONOPETALS have ovary (a) inferior—below base of petal. or (6) superior—above base of petal. (iii) APETALOUS FLOWERS are (a) without a corolla. or (8) without both corolla and calyx. THE GROUPS OF MONOCOTYLEDONS are:— (i) PETALOID FLOWERS—with a perianth. (ii) GLUME-BEARING FLOWERS — without a perianth, but with dry bracts called glumes instead, as in wheat or oats. PETALOIDS have ovary (a) inferior, z.e., below and joined to perianth. or (4) superior, z.e., above and free from perianth. Drvision II. includes (1) Ferns and Horse-tails, and also (2) Fungi, Mosses, etc. The latter group does not appear in our list. PHANEROGAMS OR FLOWERING PLANTS. I.—DICOTYLEDONS. [Seeds with two primary leaves. All trees and shrubs are in this class and all herbs (except Herb Paris) with opposite or whorled or net-veined leaves, and nearly all which have the parts of the flower in fours, fives or eights.] 1. POLYPETALOUS FLOWERS. A. STAMENS HYPOGYNOUS—wzder the seed vessel (ovary). {Orders I. to XXII.] I. RANUNCULACEZ. BUTTERCUP FAMILY. [Herbs. $3 to 6. P 5+, free. St 12+]* Genus. Species. English Name. Date. Record. Clematis Vitalba ... Traveller's Joy ... Sept. 27 ... GW.A. Thalictrum flavum ... Meadow Rue . July 1... GW. Anemone nemorosa_ ... Wood Anemone ... Mar. 19 ... W. Adonis autumnalis ... Pheasant’s Eye Ranunculus aquatilis ... Water Crowfoot .. May 4... W,G. * Flammula... Spearwort .. July 2... GW... 3 Ficaria ... Celandine Son Matta cc Wie a sceleratus... Scelery-leaved Crowfoot May 6... W. 3 auricomus... Goldilocks .. May 1... No. yn acris ) May 6... M. ay repens { Common Buttercup ... May 21... W. os bulbosus April 25 ... Ro. a arvensis ... Corn Buttercup ... May 25 ... W, L, Ms. Caltha palustris ... Marsh Marigold .. Mar. 17 ... W. Helleborus viridis ... Green Hellebore .. Mar. 6... W. a8 foetidus ... Stinking ,, 3. Hebs,. 2770: Wis Aquilegia vulgaris ... Columbine ... June 15... L, Mi. Il. BERBERIDE. BARBERRY FAMILY. [Spiny Shrubs.] Berberis vulgaris ... Common Barberry ... May 18 ... G.W.A. Ill. NYMPH/EACE:. WATER LILY FAMILY. [Water plants. S-4 to 6. Po. Stoo, L’s cordate or peltate, floating. ] Nymphza alba ... White Water Lily ar Nuphar luteum ... Yellow ,, aS .. July 1... GWA. IV. PAPAVERACEZ. POPPY FAMILY. [Herbs, milky juice. S2to3. P 4. Stoo free. Fr. a capsule.] Papaver Rhoeas ... Field Poppy .. June 8... W, D. xn dubium ... Long-headed ,, ... June 21 ... W, C, Ba, L. oS Argemone ... Pale a =. June 8... L. Chelidonium majus_ ... Common Celandine ... May 3... W. * ‘St r2 +” means ‘‘ 12 Stamens or more,” V. FUMARIACE. Genus. Species. Fumaria officinalis Corydalis lutea VI. CRUCIFERA. Cheiranthus cheiri Barbarea vulgaris Nasturtium officinale ... _ palustre “e amphibium Arabis hirsuta », Thaliana Cardamine amara op pratensis $9 impatiens ... ah hirsuta Hesperis matronalis Sisymbrium officinale ... 24 FUMITORY FAMILY. English Name. . Common Fumitory . Yellow a CRUCIFER FAMILY. S 4. . Marsh 5 Great “2 ... Hairy Rock Cress Ee bnale ar . Large Bitter Cress . Cuckoo Flower Narrow-leaved Bitter Cress... . Hairy Bitter Cress . Dame's Violet BE Yellow Hedge Mustard... Alliaria os os Garlic oy Erysimum cheiranthoides Treacle an Brassica tenuifolia . Rocket “P muralis . Sand Brassica i oleracea . Cabbage ,, x campestris ... Field 9 a alba . Cultivated Mustard x9 Sinapis . Charlock He nigra . Black Mustard Cochlearia armoracia ... . Small Alyssum . Wall Whitlow Grass . Common ,, “ . Penny Cress Teesdalia nudicaulis ... . Candytuft Alyssum calycinum Draba muralis » verna Thlaspi arvense Iberis Amara .. Capsella Bursa-pastoris Lepidium campestre » Smithii a5 Draba fs ruderale 35 didyma Isatis Tinctoria Horse-radish Common Teesdalia Shepherd's Purse . Common Pepperwort . Smith's . Hoary . Narrow-leaved ,, Senebiera Coronopus ... . Lesser ry . Woad Cress Common Wart ,, [Slender herbs. racemes. Date. . May 8 . May to we (Herbs. P 4, cruciform. St. 6 (2 short ones). . Wall Flower . Yellow Rocket Common Water Cress ... poe VEIN ater Mayas June 2%. aire JMU ye ST e. June M7 ies . May 18) > ceesius Fragaria vesca 28 ROSE FAMILY. Calyx 4- or 5-lobed. English Name. . Blackthorn . Cherry . Bird Cherry . Meadow Sweet Dropwort . Wood Avens . Raspberry . Common Blackberry [Herbs, Shrubs or Trees. St variable, perigyn.] P4to8. Date. . Mar. . May . June . July . May . June . May . Hazel-leaved Blackberry July . Dewberry PotentillaFragariastrum Barren ,, ” reptans %3 Tormentilla ... 5 anserina Alchemilla vulgaris Sanguisorba officinalis... Poterium Sanguisorba... Agrimonia Eupatoria ... . Dog Rose . Trailing Rose . ‘Pear . Apple . Beam Tree . Wild Service tree . Mountain Ash Rosa canina », arvensis Pyrus communis », Malus se tia », torminalis », Aucuparia Crategus Oxyacantha XXVII. ONAGRACE#:. Calyx in 2 or 4, tubular. Epilobium angustifolium Rose-bay 4 hirsutum o3 parviflorum... 55 montanum ... “3 ee Sa * palustre CEnothera biennis Circza lutetiana XXVIII. LYTHRARIEA. LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY. . Purple Loosestrife Lythrum Salicaria XXIX, CUCURBITACE#. Bryonia dioica Tormentil . Silverweed . Lady’s mantle Great Burnet Salad a Agrimony Hawthorn WILLOW HERB P’s 2 to 4. . Hairy Small-flower’d Common Square . Marsh . Evening Primrose 4 . Enchanter’s Nintisuede GOURD FAMILY. Bryony . True Strawberry . Creeping Cinquefoil FAMILY. St 2, 4 or 8, perigyn. Willow Herb July ”? ” ” ” . June . May ... Mar. . June ... May ... May . May .. July ... May . May .. May [Herbs or Shrubs. Ovary inferior.1 July June June July July July . July vf Ree Wy ie Asay. TQM ss: 250 TS ke Pas II... 22 ... ZI sus 22 was ipa, Se Ginn For Z agsoropognoses = wW Z 9 Record. W ee FREY ew . .. W,G,S,L,Ms .. No, Wi, B, Nv, Nw, Ri. FI. reg. M, G, H, R, L, Ms. (Ores oui be W. L. G.W.H. Cy D: G, D, L, Ms. [Herbs.] .- . C, M, St. (Climbers with tendrils. ] . June ayer M. ee es XXX. CRASSULACE#. Genus. Species. Cotyledon Umbilicus ... Sedum Rhodiola », Lelephium » album »» acre 3, Yrupestre Semper-virens tectorum XXXI. RIBESIACE. Ribes Grossularia >> rubrum » nigrum XXXII. SAXIFRAGACE®. Saxifraga granulata 5 tridactylites ee umbrosa Chrysoplenium oppositifolium... », alternifolium... . Grass of Parnassus Parnassia palustris ~ 29 STONECROP FAMILY. (Herbs. Ls thick and fleshy. S 3to20. P3to20. St 3 to 20, perigyn.] English Name. Date. Record. Pennywort Rose-root Stonecrop . Orpine 5; ear) -t GoW 27, .. White FS ey puly. rir... G, H.R) Ms: ... Biting re ... June 29 ... W, L, Mi. . Rock a Houseleek CURRANT FAMILY. (Shrubs.] . Gooseberry ... Mar. 29 ... W. ... Red Currant cae Way 20 2. 1G. M/oe7. . Black Currant . May 23 ... W, M SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. [Small Herbs. Calyx in 4 or 5 lobes. P4tos5. Sts orzo, perigyn.] . Meadow Saxifrage Rue-leaved ,, . May to ... W. . London Pride Golden Saxifrage tee ean 2 ier - We .. Mar. 8 ... W. ” > XXXIII. UMBELLIFERAE. UMBELLATE FAMILY. [Herbs with hollow stems. Fl reg, in umbels, mostly white. Calyx 5-toothed. P 5, unequal. St 5, epigyn, springing from a thick fleshy disk.] Sanicula europza a: Apium graveolens aie »» nodiflorum mas Wood Sanicle .. May 9g... D. Celery a0 Procumbent Celery .. July 8... G,H, L, Ms. Sison Amofx.«m ... Hedge Sison . July 24 ... ©, St. f£gopodium Podagraria Goutweed a June 8... W.-DPE: 5s . Petroselinum Common Parsley 1 Carum segetum ... Caraway ee july. 24... Gata. », Carvi = 5 ... May 25 ... G,S. ' Pimpinella Saxifrage ... Burnet Saxifrage me Valyec 5 e2 Gre ; ae magna —_... Greater Burnet Saxifrage _ nanthe fistulosa . Water Dropwort Pe faly ros eM, St ” pimpinelloides Parsley “ .. July 15 .. CEG. eis Phellandrium Fine-leaved ,, © ... July 18... M, St. #£thusa Cynapium _.... Fool's Parsley ee june “3%... Bas Silaus pratensis ... Pepper Saxifrage ees JUDE) 20". We Genus. Species. Angelica sylvestris Pastinaca sativa : Heracleum Sphondylium Scandix Pecten Conopodium denudatum Cherophyllum temulum a sylvestre... 7 Anthriscus... Caucalis nodosa os Anthriscus Daucus Carota Conium maculatum ... Smyrnium Olusatrum ... XXXVI. ARALIAC/. Hedera Helix XXXVII. LORANTHACE Viscum album XXXVIII. CORNACE/. Cornus sanguinea . Shepherd's Needle 30 English Name. . Wild Angelica . Parsnip Cow Parsnip Earth Nut Rough Chervil Wild a Burr 3 ¥: . Knotted Hedge Parsley . Upright ,, M8 . Carrot Hemlock Alexanders IVY FAMILY. . Ivy . MISTLETOE FAMILY. . Mistletoe CORNEL FAMILY. . Dogwood Date. Record. . Sept. 27 ... G.W.A. ... June ir... Ba. .. May 4.. No. . June 8... W. . May 29... L. . June 31 ... G,R, Ms, Mi. . April 20 ... Ro, No, Wi, &c. May 19... W. . July 14... St ine JUNE 2G) cp doe ... June 15 ... W. . May 8... W [Climbing Shrubs.] . Oct. “4°05 (GHEE [Parasitic Shrubs.] > Feb: 0270455 We (Trees or Shrubs.] , june 235. We 2. MONOPETALOUS FLOWERS. XXXIX. CAPRIFOLIACEZ. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. Adoxa Moschatellina ... Sambucus nigra ha: Viburnum Lantana a Opulus ve Lonicera Periclymenum XL. STELLATE. Galium Cruciata >» verum Ba palustre > uliginosum » saxatile » Mollugo », Aparine Asperula odorata % cynanchica ... Sherardia arvensis Centranthus ruber .. Crosswort ... Yellow Bedstraw ... Marsh os ... Bog Ff + .. Rock an sae . Great Hedge Bedstraw... ... Cleavers . Woodruff ... Field Madder . Red Valerian A. Ovary INFERIOR. (Orders XXXIX. to XLIV.) {Shrubs or Herbs. Calyx in 4 or 5. Corolla 4- or 5-cleft. St 4 to 5 on the corolla.] Moschatel . Mar toe.. Wa Elder wav J MINeCMI 2) Wayfaring Tree sve May 4 22. EXO Guelder Rose june 3) Me Honeysuckle BEDSTRAW TRIBE. L’s in whorls. Squinancywort Calyx and corolla in 4 or 5. . June 25 ... W. [Herbs with square stems. St 4 or 5 on corolla.) pack MAY be Biel We be abhetee Ayu Ea 1b, ree LUNG. ‘25r or eve ee MULL: ¢ 2 "pet trams June 29 ... W, Mi. ... May 24... M. . May ito... W ... June 20... R, L, Ms. . May 3... W. ; : XLI. VALERIANE. Genus. Species. Valeriana officinalis Aa dioica Valerianella olitoria es Auricula ... XLII. DIPSACE#. 31 VALERIAN FAMILY. (Herbs. Corolla, 5-lobed. English Name. Date. . Great Valerian mH. .june 21 <.. . Marsh ,, me May 21°... . Lamb's Lettuce ee Gly Ag o.. ” ” aie TEASEL FAMILY. [Herbs. Calyx minute. St 3 on corolla.] Record. W, C, Ba, L. W. CaG: Fls in heads ; Calyx 4-lobed, enclosed in an involucre ; Corolla 4-lobed ; St 4, on corolla.1 Dipsacus sylvestris ue pilosus Scabiosa succisa a arvensis XLIII. COMPOSITZ. . Common Teasel . Small 3 . Devil’s-bit Scabious Ar Columbaria ... . Field NA COMPOSITE FAMILY. Fls in a dense head on receptacle, surrounded by involucre. .. July Small Fs St 5, on corolla, united by the anthers.] Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp Agrimony Aster Linosyris Solidago Virga-aurea ... Bellis perennis Filago germanica an gallica Gnaphalium sylvaticum Antennaria margaritacea... Inula Helenium an Conyza 5, dysenterica As Pulicaria Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum... . Corn Marigold nA Parthenium ... ae segetum Matricaria inodora a Chamomilla Anthemis Cotula 5 arvensis Achillea Ptarmica 35 Millefolium ... Tanacetum vulgare Artemesia vulgaris ... July . Goldilocks Her Goldenrod ae ... Daisy rag Ee . Cudweed ... July Narrow Cudweed Wood Ss Pear! Antennaria .. Elecampane de .. Plourhman’s Spikenard Sept. : Flea ane .. July . Smalb Fleabane ee Dog Daisy . May FeverfewChrysanthemum July . Feverfew ... July Camomile ... June . Stinking Mayweed .. July . Corn Camomile ... June . Sneezewort es Yarrow ... June . Tansy ... July . Mugwort II 24. on N Oe PA indo ips one II .. rishi 29 2A 24... s sept. 27... TNS Nye PAS oe ... July 24 ... C, St. ... G,H,R,L,Ms. .. June 29 ... W, L, Mi. [Herbs or Shrubs. No Calyx ; Corolla funnel-shaped ; ih Asse. G.W. Hi. C.1.G. 4 Orop § ero tats a5 2) iz = BS . Aza ee by Genus. Species. Tussilago Farfara Ba Petasites Senecio vulgaris ” sylvaticus + aquaticus as Jacobza ” erucifolius Arctium Lappa Serratula tinctoria Carduus Marianus ” nutans Fa i? acanthoides ... ae pycnocephalus Ke lanceolatus ae palustris Ns arvensis 5c eriophorus An pratensis ae acaulis Carlina vulgaris Centaurea nigra 5 Scabiosa aA Cyanus Tragopogon pratensis... Helminthia echioides ... Picris hieracioides Leontodon hispidus A autumnalis... Hypocheeris radicata ... Lactuca muralis Sonchus arvensis 7 oleraceus Taraxacum Dens-leonis Crepis taraxicifolia >», vVirens », biennis Hieracium Pilosella oA murorum a aurantiacum Cichorium Intybus Lapsana communis XLIV. CAMPANULACE#. Campanula glomerata... ie Trachelium ... at rapunculoides $5 rotundifolia ... - hybrida ... Coltsfoot . Butterbur ... Groundsel ... Wood Groundsel . Marsh . Common aS ... Narrow-leaved ,, . Burdock ... Sawwort ... Milk Thistle . Musk a . Spear rs . Marsh _,, . Creeping ,, . Woolly ,, . Meadow ,, esDwart, 53; mi@ariine is, . Black Knapweed . Scabious ,, . Cornflower . Wall Lettuce Gorn . Common ,, : . Beaked Crepis ... Common ,, ... Rough ss a . Mouse-ear Hawkweed ... . Wall ss 32 English Name. Ragwort Welted ,, Slender ,, Goat's Beard Ox-tongue . Hawkweed Picris . Common Hawkbit Autumnal ,, Cat’s Ear Sow Thistl Dandelion Orange ” . Succory . Nipplewort BELL-FLOWER FAMILY. Clustered Bell Flower ... . July 15 & July 18 aoe Nettle-leaved,, a Creeping ” ” Harebell . Corn Bell Flower Date. EEN heard don . Mar. 31 ... Janae eis . Sept. 27 ... wos JULY ae. . July 11 ... ESE DEs 27h * 1 ae © ee ry uly of jaly ae ay apuly,* Ogee 2 July 10k hee, (IIMS) 2 rr 2 Tlie Gan oe JUNE 2Qee 2 aly teres . June 29 ... . June 2 son Maye 125), 2%: s july 18" en june? 2 f.) June “S22. seeped Oe Shs we July. j22ten | ply See » JUNE. aaa sj ane 22 en are POLE. il ae ae ls PONE: Seas . May 25 ... janes "iss Pune as ess . June go ... (Herbs. 5-lobed. June 22 July zdogrn Record. £45 AQPEA SSS Rez Y Q VES s sy ~ ir Wd. Calyx and Corolla St 5, on ovary.] . M, G, R, L, [Ms. .» CI.G. eGelaGe OO a me «eee tie Lens SV ee le, CUrerrrhrh OCU eller eer erm 33 MONOPETALOUS FLOWERS. XLV. ERICACE/, Genus. Species. Calluna vulgaris Monotropa Hypopitys... XLVI. PRIMULACEZ. Primula veris a vulgaris ah elatior Lysimachia vulgaris ae Nummularia .. nemorum ... Anagallis arvensis on tenella _XLVII. LEN'TIBULACE. Pinguicula vulgaris Utricularia vulgaris XLVIII. OLEACE#. Fraxinus excelsior Ligustrum vulgare XLIX. APOCYNACE. Vinca major »» minor L. GENTIANACES. Erythrzea Centaurium Gentiana Amarella oy campestris Chlora perfoliata Menyanthes trifoliata ... Limnanthemum nymphzoides... LII. CONVOLULACE#. Convolvulus arvensis ... . Great ¥3 . Greater Dodder 9 sepium Cuscuta europza B. Ovary SUPERIOR. (Orders XLV. to LX.) HEATH FAMILY. .. Yellow Loosestrife PERIWINKLE FAMILY. . Greater Periwinkle . Lesser ‘3 GENTIAN FAMILY. CONVOLVULUS FAMILY. Corolla 4 or 5 lobes. rows. Small Bind Weed [Low Shrubs. L's rigid, evergreen. Calyx and Corolla in 4 or 5. St 8 to ro.) English Name. Date. Record. . Ling bine Bird’s Nest .. May 23... D. PRIMROSE FAMILY. {Herbs. Fl reg.; Calyx and Corolla 4 to 7 lobes. St 4 to 7, on corolla.] .. Cowslip ... April 25 ... Ro. . Primrose Feb. 22... Bl. . Oxlip ... July 8... C, M, St. Creeping Jenny Moneywort ... May 25 ... S. . Scarlet Pimpernel ... June 29 ... W. . Bog ob) BUTTERWORT FAMILY. [Marsh Herbs.] . Butterwort ... June 21 ... W, C, G, H, [Ba, L, St. . Bladderwort .. July 24... C, St. OLIVE FAMILY. * [Trees.] . Ash ... May 2... Wi. . Privet ... June 29... L. [Trailing Herbs.] ... Feb. 27 ... W. ... Mar. 6... W. } (Herbs. Calyx and corolla 4 to ro-lobed ; St on corolla.] Centaury .. July 22... C. . Autumn Gentian ... Sept. 23... G.W.H. . Common Gentian ... Sept. 23 ... G. W.H. . Yellowwort .. July 1... Buckbean ... June 21 ... W, C, G, H, [Ba, L, St. Water Gentian .. July 15... GW.H. [Twining Herbs. S 5 in two St 4 ors, on corolla.] ... June 24... W, L, Mi. (July 7 CG, M. ... July 24... C, M, St. LIIl. BORAGINEZ. Genus. Species. Echium vulgare 34 BORAGE FAMILY. Calyx and Corolla (reg) in 5. English Name. . Viper’s Bugloss Pulmonaria officinalis ... Lungwort Lithospermum arvense Corn Gromwell a5 officinale Gromwell Myosotis palustris .. True Forget-me-not + repens .. Creeping A 5 sylvatica . Wood 4 = arvensis . Field vas ee collina . Early 55 5 versicolor . Changing ,, Anchusa semper-virens Lycopsis arvensis Symphytum officinale ... Borago officinalis Cynoglossum officinale LIV. SOLANACEA#. Hyoscyamus niger Solanum Dulcamara nigrum Atropa Belladonna LV. OROBANCHACE. Orobanche major . Small Bugloss . Bitter Sweet ... Black Nightshade . Deadly a Green Alkanet Comfrey . Borage Hound’s-tongue NIGHTSHADE FAMILY. Corolla 5 lobes. . Henbane BROOMRAPE FAMILY. . Great Broomrape St 5 on corolla. Lathrza squamaria LVI. SCROPHULARINEZ. FIG-WORT FAMILY. Verbascum Thapsus A nigrum Linaria vulgaris Af minor 5 Cymbalaria 0 spuria Scrophularia nodosa ss aquatica ... Mimulus luteus Digitalis purpurea Veronica spicata “ serpyllifolia ... +3 officinalis - Anagallis “f Beccabunga... AS montana = Chameedrys ... or hederefolia ... Corolla in 4 or 5, irreg. St 2, 4 or 5. .. Common Mullein ; . Black oD : . Yellow Toad Flax F ... Lesser a8 ; .. Ivy-leaved ,, ; ... Round ,, pe ; . Knotted Figwort , Marsh + é . Monkey Flower E .. Foxglove : . Spiked Speedwell. Thyme-leaved __,, .. Common fo F . Water = : Brooklime a . Mountain 53 F Germander - Ivy-leaved * : {Rough Herbs. St 5, on corolla. Fl’s in spikes. Fr 4 nutlets). Date. Record. <> JUNE 722) ae ve July 365..71D See Miss wo) June TS GE Seem vir #. May :257..-"G,eD Si Ms. ... June 21 ... W, M. ... May 10... W. ... May 14... C. ... June 21... Ri, x. Julyn2aee GC. 2+, April 25 kOs 4; JUNE Whence ave (Herbs. Calyx 4 or 5 lobes. Fr a berry with several seeds.] july 645-G,7)D;L,.Ms, ... June 20 ... Ba. [ Mi. .. May 28 ... W. [Leafless root parasites. Fls brownish.] ... Toothwort a= Mar 285.32 We {Herbs. Flsirreg. Calyx and Fr 2-celled capsule.] .. July Ses GatiGe July: Gees aie .. June 29 ... W, L, Mi cealy. 7 pen elated «May 3 «...1We May (sia. ~~ June 24) <3: Wire Mie ~ July” 1p icciG pbs, es [Ms, Mi . May 6.. C, Bo. .. June 21 ... W, C, G,Ba fy July cigars June: 2... LZ: « july 8 .:. Gwe . May gi No: 2 Mar. 20-222 ~ i a ee a Genus. Species. i> agrestis 515 Buxbaumii i arvensis Bartsia Odontites Euphrasia officinalis Rhinanthus Crista-galli Pedicularis palustris as sylvatica Melampyrum pratense... LVII. LABIATZ. Fls irreg in whorls. corolla. Fr 4 one-seeded nuts.1 Lycopus europzeus Mentha rotundifolia ob piperita ve aquatica 35 sativa arvensis ” Thymus Serpyllum Origanum vulgare Calamintha Acinos_.. “ officinalis ... - Clinopodium Nepeta Glechoma Prunella vulgaris Scutellaria galericulata ns minor Marrubium vulgare Stachys Betonica a sylvatica 5 palustris 4s arvensis Galeopsis Ladanum Tetrahit > Ballota nigra : Lamium amplexicaule... - purpureum = album a0 maculatum 8 Galeobdolon ~ Teucrium Scorodonia ... Ajuga reptans -LVIII. VERBENACEZ. Verbena officinalis Calyx tubular, 2-lipped or in 5. 35 English Name. . Procumbent a . Buxbaum’s at . Wall 32 . Red Bartsia . Eye-bright Yellow Rattle . Marsh Lousewort . Common 55 Cow Wheat LABIATE FAMILY. . Gipsywort . Round-leaved Mint ... Pepper 5 ... Water a ... Whorled 6 ... Field as . Thyme ... Marjoram . Basil Thyme Common Calamint Wild Basil . Ground Ivy Self Heal Common Scullcap . Lesser a ; White Horehound .. Betony . Hedge Woundwort . Marsh A . Corn % . Red Hemp Nettle . Common ,, .. Black Horehound Henbit Dead Nettle .. Red .. White af . Spotted ,, Yellow 5: Wood Germander . Bugle VERVEIN FAMILY. . Common Vervein ... Sept. .. July ... July . May Date. Record. Mar. 21 ... W. Jan. 28 ... W. May 27 ... Mi. July 8... C, St. June 24... L, G. May 27... W, D, L. May 11... W. [Herbs with square stems. Corolla hypog. 2-lipped. St 2 or 40n ealy= 24° ..2 ©)°St. 27 «23 Ge WEE 2A ears 24... M, St. ty Perms \ ye, Orn nee 3 [- [Ba, L, St. .. June 29 ... W, L, Mi. . Sept. 27 ... G.W.H. ... July 21... C, D. . Mar. 29 ... W. . June 20... W. . June 25 ... W. . June 21 ... Wo, Wd. July 18... C,M, D, St. June 29 ... M, G,O, R, : [L, Mi. . June zo ... W, Mi. e May: (3°... GC. Jakes eeieb. .6).2.. Wi. Jan. 31 ... M. July 7 G.W.H. May 3 G. May 4... G. [Herbs.] LIX. PLUMBAGINE#. Genus. Species. Armeria plantaginea LX. PLANTAGINE#. Plantago major 3 media a5 lanceolata 36 THRIFT FAMILY. English Name. . Plantain Thrift PLANTAIN FAMILY. .. Great Plantain . Hoary ,, . Ribwort ,, IShrubby Herbs.1 Date. Record. lHerbs. Ls without a stalk, tufted. Fls spikes.1 ... June“15 ... G,-St- ... May 28... W. . May 2s 3. APETALOUS FLOWERS. A. WITH CALYX, WITHOUT COROLLA. LXII. CHENOPODIACE. Chenopodium album eS rubrum ... nA urbicum... 43 murale ... on Bonus- Henricus... Atriplex patula LXIII. POLYGONACE#. Rumex crispus oF obtusifolius » Hydrolapathum », conglomeratus ... *r maritimus 5, Acetosa os Acetosella Polygonum Fagopyrum ls aviculare aA Convolvulus... », Bistorta KE amphibium ... >» ~° Persicaria 2D lapathifolium LXIV. THYMELEACE#., . Alezereon Daphne . Spurge Laurel Daphne Mezereum ” Laureola (Orders LXII. to LXIV.) GOOSEFOOT FAMILY. ; clustered in spikes. . White Goosefoot Red - Upright oe Nettle-leaved ,, Good King Henry . Common Orache DOCK FAMILY. Fls small ; panicles. .. Curled Dock . Common ,, Water Pe, Clustered ,, . Golden “ .. Common Sorrel : Sheep's ,, Buckwheat . Knot Grass Black Bindweed . Snakeweed Amphibious Bistort . Persicaria Pale Bistort DAPHNE FAMILY. lWeedy Herbs. Fls small, Perianth in 5. St5.l ie July 20 5..0GeMWadte ... June 21 .,. W, C, G, H, [L, St. lHerbs with swollen joints. Perianth ins. St5to8l : JunecKs.....aVie wane (LY 24ers . July 24 .. M, St, C. . June 11 .... Ba. x May: ..6.... WME wy May “2h... Mi. see PULY Ou vse gs ey INE 220 eek 2 July ,.8.... CoaiGe 1Shrubs.1 we Mar-29.5-.0We Fo . Feb. 19°... W.! = ea 37 APETALOUS FLOWERS. B. WITH NEITHER COROLLA NOR CALyYx. (Orders LXVIII. to LXXIV.) SPURGE FAMILY. LXVIII. EUPHORBIACE. [Shrubs or Herbs with milky Perianth 3- or 4-lobed or wanting. St variable.] juice. Fs in involucre, diccious. Genus. Species. English Name. Date. Record. Euphorbia Helioscopia Sun Spurge . May io... W. # platyphyllos... Broad ,, at 3 Peplus . Petty ,, . July ur... M. “A exigua pe Small’; - Juné 29... C, D. s Lathyris . Caper ,, “ Esula . Leafy ,, aR - Amygdaloides Wood ,, .. May 6... W,.D. Mercurialis perennis ... Dog’s Mercury ... Feb, 26... W. Buxus sempervirens ... Common Box . April . GWA. LXX. CALLITRICHINEZ. Callitriche aquatica LXXI. URTICACE. Urtica urens », dioica LXXIIl. AMENTACEZ. WATER STARWORT FAMILY. . Water Starwort NETTLE FAMILY. . Small Nettle . Common ,, CATKIN FAMILY. ree yume | 202:. [Aquatic Herbs. Minute fis.] G.W.L. (Herbs. Ls rough or stinging.] ... May 23 ... W, C, D, Ba. .. June 8... Nv. Parietaria officinalis ... Pellitory-of-the-wall . July - 1... GWA. Humulus Lupulus ... Hop LXXII, ULMACE#, ELM FAMILY. [Trees.] .Ulmus montana . Wych Elm .. Mar. 8... W. 7 campestris . Common Elm . Feb. 28 :.. W. [Trees or Shrubs. Fls in catkins, dicecicus.] Alnus glutinosa .. Alder .. Mar. 3... C, BI. Betula alba .. Birch .. May 4... W. Carpinus Betulus . Hornbeam poe May! a" oo. DD, Corylus Avellana (Fem.) Hazel Nut .. Jan. 21... W. Fagus sylvatica . Beech ... May 20 ... Ba. Quercus Robur ... Oak .. May 21 ... W,C, G, &c. Salix fragilis ... Crack Willow . Mar. 29 ... W. », alba .. White oe .. May 9g... G.W.H. »» amygdalina ... Almond ,, . May 28 ....W..---- >) purpurea . Purple ,, Saea | Uliyeny 22.00). iodee 9, Viminalis . Osier oF ... May 10... W. », Caprea .. Sallow ,, . Mar. 29 ... W, C. » aurita ... Round-eared Willow .. May 3... W. Populus alba ... White Poplar &. Mar. 29 ... C/G. ae nigra ‘eBlacks., |; poe 3 +5. Wi ee LXXIV. CONIFER. PINE FAMILY. [Trees with resinous juice.] Pinus sylvestris . Scotch Fir .. June 1... W,L, Ms, Mi Juniperus communis... Juniper vw. June 3... W. Taxus baccata .. Yew . Feb. 11... W. 38 Il. MONOCOTYLEDONS. [Plants with one seed-leaf. Leaves usually parallel-veined, radical and sheathed at base. Flowering parts in threes.] 1. PETALOID FLOWERS. A. Ovary SUPERIOR. (Orders LXXV. to LXXIX., LXXXV, LXXXVI.] LXXV. TYPHACE#. BULRUSH FAMILY. [Reed-like Herbs.] Genus. Species. English Name. Date. Record. Typha latifolia ... Bulrush . July 15 ....C, D, St. Sparganum ramosum ... Branched Bur-reed .. July 18... C, D, St. ~ simplex ... Simple a ... July 24... C, M, St. LXXVI. AROIDE. ARUM FAMILY. [Herbs.] Arum maculatum ... Lords and Ladies .. May 3... W. Acorus Calumus ... Sweet Flag oe LXXVII. LEMNACEA, DUCKWEED FAMILY. [Floating plants] Lemna trisulca ... Ivy-leaved Duckweed ... July 16... C. - minor ... Lesser “A ... June 21 ... W. C, M, Ba, », polyrrhiza ... Greater Duckweed ... July 24... M. [St. LXVIII. NAIADE#, PONDWEED FAMILY. [Floating plants.] Potamogeton natans ... Pondweed she / LXXIX. ALISMACEAH. WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY. [Water plants. Ls broad net- veined. Perianth in 6. St 6 to 7.] Butomus umbellatus ... Flowering Rush .. July 15)... (C)M) DASE Sagittaria sagittifolia ... Arrowhead . july 150..(CR ei St: Alisma Plantago ... Water Plantain we July Ta. CMD aS Triglochin palustre ... Arrowgrass ea PETALOID FLOWERS. B. Ovary INFERIOR. (Orders LXXX, to LXXXIV.] LXXX. HYDROCHARIDE. FROGBIT FAMILY. [Aquatic Herbs. Perianth 3 to 6 parts. Dicecious.] Hydrocharis Morsus- ranae... Frogbit uly 18%. east LXXXI. ORCHIDACEZ. ORCHID FAMILY. [Herbaceous plants, with knob- like roots. Fls spikes or racemes. Perianth in 6, irreg, St 1 or 2, imperfect.] Epipactis latifolia ... Broad Helleborine A palustris ... Marsh #3 Cephalanthera grandiflora... Large 3 w. June 15...) Mae Listera ovata ... Twayblade ... May 11... W. Neottia Nidus-avis _... Bird’s-nest Orchid ... June 28 ... C.1.G. Orchis Morio ... Green-winged ,, ... May 18... W, D. of ustulata .. Dwarf ne «. july [oy Tanase »» mascula ... Early Purple ,, i. May g2iennG. «maculata ... Spotted 55 ve. JUNE TS cee Genus. Species. Orchis latifolia » - pyramidalis Habenaria bifolia of conopsea s viridis Herminium Monorchis... Ophrys apifera - muscifera LXXXII. IRIDE. Iris Pseudacorus LXXXIII. AMARYLLIDE#. DAFFODIL FAMILY. . Purple Crocus Crocus Vernus Narcissus Pseudonarcissus... Galanthus vivalis LXXXIV. DIOSCORIDE. . Black Bryony Tamus communis LXXXV. LILACE#. Paris quadrifolia Polygonatum multiflorum Common Solomon’s Seal es officinale Convallaria majalis Ornithogalum umbellatum .. . Wild Hyacinth . Crow Garlic ... Common ,, Colchicum autumnale ... Scilla nutans Allium vineale >» ursinum LXXXVI. JUNCACEZ. 2) English Name. . Marsh Orchid . Pyramidal s . Butterfly i . Fragrant fi . Frog Fa Musk ys . Bee 3 +) Ely. = IRIS FAMILY. . Yellow Flag Lent Lily . Snowdrop YAM FAMILY. LILY FAMILY. Perianth 6 in two circles. Herb Paris Angular oo See. . Lily-of-the-Valley Star of. Bethlehem Meadow Saffron RUSH FAMILY. grass-like, Fls small and dry, Juncus communis . Common Rush » glaucus ... Hard oD na articulatus ... Jointed B “5 obtusiflorus . Obtuse + Sn tenuis ... Slender Sr oF bufonius ... Toad Sis Luzula pilosa ... Hairy Wood Rush an campestris . Field Az Perianthin6. St 6, Date Record. June 21 ... W,C, G, M, H, Ba, L. . June 29 ... W, L, Mi. May 6... W,C,G,H, Ba, St. . June 24 ... W. ... June jo ... W, L, Mi. . June 22 ... W, L, Mi. [Herbs.] . W,M, Ba, L, [Bulbous Herbs.] v.. Mar: 22..:., W. spbebar27) tee G.W.H. (Climbing plants.] . June 12 .. W,H,Ba,L, St. [Herbs. FI large. St 6. Ovary superior.] . May 6... W,D. May 17 ... W, D. May 13... W, D. . May 11... W. . April 6... W. .. May 3... W. Oct. 4° ti GW. (Stiff herbs L’s cylindrical or Ovary superior. . June 22... W,L, Mi. 2 inne 15)... W. moth © 8: ...(Gy Tete seuuly Wine enna . May 10 ... W, M. _ April 6 ... W. SEDGE FAMILY. [Stiff herbs. Solid stems. Fls in green or brown spikelets, with glumes,] LXXXVIII. CYPERACEZ. L’s with entire sheaths. Genus. Species. -Blysmus compressus English Name. . Broad Blysmus . May 29 Date. Record. 40 2, GLUME-BEARING FLOWERS. Scirpus palustris . Marsh Scirpus .. July 15 ... W. +3 lacustris . Lake a5 . July 15 ... GW.H. Ay sylvaticus . Wood oy . June 25... W. Eriophorum polystachion... Cotton Grass . June 21 ... W, C, G, H, Ba, L, St. Carex leporina . Oval Sedge . July 2... GW. #. »» remota .. Remote 35 . June 30... W, Mi. »» paniculata . Panicled z rae ; » vulpina ... Fox “5 ... May 27... W. : »» Czespitosa . Tufted 7 «. May! -4°..,..G, BR: ‘ » acuta ... Acute 4: ... May 12... W. i ») preecox ... Early 4 . May 3... W. 7 5, pilulifera . Pill-headed ,, . June* zie. ale j », tomentosa . Downy ” 555 a a5, hirta ... Hairy e . June 6... L. » flava ... Yellow a ... June 21... W. ; » distans . Distant yy sijuly- Gree. ») panacea . Carnation ,, . June 21... St. : » glauca ... Glaucous a5 <-. June 2 sake » sylvatica . Wood cP . May 29 -. GiWea, », strigosa .. Thin-spiked ,, ; », Pseudocyperus ... Cyperus 3 » pendula . Pendulous _,, ... June 15 ... W. j 1) ampullacea . Bottled a in july Gee aes 4 », paludosa . Marsh 33 . May 8... W. LXXXIX. GRAMINE#. GRASS FAMILY. (Herbs. Stems hollow except at nodes. L’s with split sheaths, Fls with glumes, St 3 usually.] 1 Milium effusum ... Wood Millet Gras .. May 29 ... G.W.H. Anthoxanthumodoratum Vernal oF fy May 2352-21) We Phalaris canariensis ... Canary 3 o8 ) July: <2; -.. 5G We ; Digraphis arundinacea Reed “ we, July 1%... ‘(GAMO : Phleum pratense . Timothy a ». July 24>... °M, St. ; Alopecurus agrestis . Slender Foxtail Grass ... “ nA pratensis ... Meadow _,, 3) «xe May 24) ... M, : is geniculatus Marsh a pact July 8) patG@aiaae Avena fatua . Wild Oat ; ») pratensis ... Perennial ,, . June to... L. »» flavescens . Yellow ,, . June 29... W. . Arrhenatherum avenaceum... False se . July 1... H. Holcus lanatus .. Common Holcus . June 3)... L, W. » mollis . Soft a5 . July 20... G.W.H. 4t Genus. Species. English Name. Date. Record. Hordeum sylvaticum ... Wood Barley July 23 ... C, St. “4 pratense . Meadow,, . July 15... St. a murinum . Wall July 7... GCW.H. Agropyrum repens . Couch Grass . July 24... G.W.H. Lolium perenne . Rye Ab June 1o ... W. » temulentum . Darnel Brachypodium sylvaticum... Slender False Brome > pinnatum... Heath re Ay Bromus erectus . Upright Brome June 23... G.W.H. a asper . Hairy 9 y “4 sterilis . Barren 5, . May 29... W. » mollis Soft - Festuca ovina . Sheep’s Fescue June 24 ... W,C. 5A elatior .. Meadow ,, Dactylis Glomerata ... Cock’s-foot June 24... M. Cynosurus cristatus_ ... Dog’s-tail June 24... St. Briza media .. Quaking June 27... W. Poa aquatica . Reed af July 24... St. » fluitans . Floating si . June 21 ... W, M » annua ... Common Meadow Grass Jan. 21... W. 3) pratensis . Smooth a May 28... W. », trivialis ... Roughish 5 June 25... W. »» nemoralis . Wood 4D June 10... G.W.EH. Catabrosa aquatica ... Water Catabrosa Melica nutans ... Mountain Melick » uniflora ... Wood igi June 2... W. CRYPTOGAMS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS. Fruit—spores contained in spore-cases in the substance of the plants.] HORSE-TAIL FAMILY. (Herbs, with jointed stems, whorls of scale-like leaves at joints.] [No stamens or pistils or true seeds. XCILUI. EQUISETACE, 3 Equisetum Telmateia ... Great Horse-tail .. April 3... W, M. 33 arvense... Field oe be Ny RW arian Heal Or * palustre ... Marsh 3 ». June 21 ... C, M, Ba, L. XCIV. FILICES. Genus. Species. Ophioglossum vulgatum . Common Polypody Polypodium vulgare mH Phegopteris oA calcareum Aspidium aculeatum as angulare as Felix-mas Ad spinulosum ... Asplenium Filix-foemina rs Trichomanes a Adiantum- nigrum... - Ruta- muraria... Scolopendrium vulgare Ceterach officinarum ... Pteris aquilina ” ” . Male Polypody 42 FERN FAMILY. English Name. Adder's Tongue Beech Fern Mountain Polypody Prickly Shield Fern ” Broad >) - Lady Fern Common Spleenwort Black oF Wall Rue Hart’s Tongue Scaly Fern . Bracken igi {Tufted herbs. Spore-cases usually under the fronds.] Date. . May ... May . July ... May . July .. July . July Bee, LLL, . May . June . June 17 Record. De .. G. Wa. . GWA. .. W, C, G, Ba. .. GWA. 0G: . G, R, Ms. sis Enfomological Section. * President -=) — J; ‘Cs SALTER,- Eso: Members. JENKINS, R. A. Krauss, D. E. LEssER, A. C.° SAMUELSON, E. A. Storr, W. R. (1). (1) Prize winner, 1902. NERGY was shown by members of this Section on the various excursions of the Society and nets seemed fairly numerous, but only one member showed up a collection for the prize offered to the Section. It was a small one but was very nicely set and arranged. 44 Geological Section. President... C. I. GARDINER, Esq. HERE were certainly more members who took an intelligent interest in this Section this year and the number of hammers brought out was larger than ever before. Hooker and Solomon are distinct losses to the Section, but Burrard, Nicholls, A. M. Stuart and F. L. Roberts all did good work. A prize of a hammer was offered for the best collection of fossils made during the Easter term, the collections sent in by Burrard and Roberts were both equally good and both were awarded a hammer, which it is hoped both will use this year. 45 OrnitBological Section. President... E. A. MENNEER, Esq. HE sectional prize has been awarded to H. P. M. Egleston for a note-book containing observations on the eggs of and nests of no less than 50 species. It is to be regretted that the actual number of note-books sent in fell far short of those promised. Many members do good work in the Easter holidays without following it up in term time. Let us hope for more sustained efforts in 1903. The Courage collection has recently undergon a complete rearrangement and classification by Mr. White, and its value is largely increased for purposes of scientific study. It still suffers from insufficient accommodation, and the want of a system of lighting which would facilitate evening lectures. : The expeditions in the Summer term were, as usual, much appreciated. Among other discoveries we may record—a haw- finch’s nest on Leckhampton, two nightjars’ near Andoversford, and at Colesbourne a nest of thrush’s eggs with pzvk spots on the usual blue background. BLACKBIRDS AT CHRISTOWE. By T. W. Darwin. A rather remarkable occurrence in the case of two black- birds which built their nest in the overgrowth of the fence dividing Christowe yard from the entrance to the junior play- ground has taken place. The nests were first discovered during the first few days of the Summer term, there being only a few fibres there then. In about a week the nests being completed three eggs were laid in each. Eventually they reared their brood in spite of the noise in the yard. One brood has flown but the other is still under their mother’s keeping. (June 1st, 1902.) 46 AN EVENING IN JANUARY. By A MEMBER. It was not an ideal evening for duck shooting. The moon was late in rising, and the bitter East wind made the frost seem twice as severe as it really was. However there was no question of postponing the enterprise, so off I started about 3 o’clock in the afternoon, carrying double the ordinary weight of clothes and two thick pairs of stockings to protect the extremities. It was just on the verge of sunset when the meadows came into view, their rich velvet green slightly paled by a three days’ north-easter, and the swollen flow of the stream through their midst appearing to a distant eye the only sign of life. Presently the approach is made, and two No. 6’s are slipped into the breech in the hope of a shot at plover. And sure enough there they are, hundreds upon hundreds of them, a mixed multitude of golden plover and lapwings, resting almost motionless on the watery meadow, as is their wont, and all turned towards the glow of the setting sun. But alas! they are some 150 yards the other side of the stream, and there is no cover between us, sol judge it best to take up my position at once in the well known hiding place, the middle of a thick hedge abutting on the floods. Then begins the pleasure of the evening. Scarcely has the friendly pipe been lit, and the coat tightly buttoned up against the fitful blast, when I hear what can only be the whole flock of plover taken to wing for their evening constitutional. It is a once-heard-never-to-be-forgotten sound, that muffled lap of the plovers’ flight like the congregating of sheep at the dog’s ap- proach. I am on the alert at once. In the course of their evolutions they are more than likely to pass my way. And presently I can see them coming, a dark trembling army of wings sending forth : at intervals the timid ‘‘ pee-wit” of the green plover or the low sad whistle of the golden. Ten seconds mere!. Now they are nearly overhead! Ping! Ping! and the flock are once more scattered. Ping! a stray bird flies past in confusion. I pick 47 up four, not very many, but after all they were rather high. Back again to the lair, and another wait-——this time for nobler quarry. The duck rarely come in till an hour after sunset, so there is still time to fall under the fascination of the strange sounds that from time to time punctuate the low monotonous soughing of the wind. Now it is the swish of homeward starlings, flying rapidly in extended formation to the woods; now the lightning ‘descent of snipe from the uplands, sounding for all the world like rockets; now the alarm cry of a blackbird only a few feet off, resenting the unwonted intrusion of a stranger to his roosting place; now the last deep caw of some late returning crow, first bird to rise and last to goto rest. And even when these are still, there are the busy wagtails walking along the edge of the water, seemingly lamenting the all too short January daylight. But all this time it has been getting dark. The air seems keener, and my feet, more and more numbed with cold, suggest that the keen-scented mallard may arrive now at any moment, and drop into his well-known haunt under the willow about 70 yards to windward.... Hark! surely the sound of wings? I listen again! Yes, there is no mistaking the well known metallic ring of the duck’s flight, similar only, so far as I know, to that of the pigeon tribe. At once every sense is on the alert. Nearer and nearer they come: then just one premonitory quack! and down swoop three heavy bodies with a startling splash right under the willlow. So far so good. Now begins the torture. Will they come up stream into shot or stay where they are? Five minutes anxious waiting. No, they are still under the willow, flapping and splashing with most tantalising vigour; and already two more have joined them from the opposite side. Clearly there is nothing for it but to stalk. Slowly and quietly I steal out of the hedge, then drop on hands and knees, and take a short detour so as to approach them straight up the wind. Twenty yards to the good! I begin to flatter myself that a light brown Norfolk suit renders me undistinguishable from the background. Now I am within 50 or 55 yards of the pool—as far as it is safe to go. Out come the binoculars, and the little group of black lumps is easily discerned from surround- ing objects by their moving about. The spot is marked, but 48 alas! I cannot detect them with the naked eye. Two steps forward! But oh the pity of it! crash goes my knee into a puddle covered with thin ice! The enemy is alarmed! the gun raised! but I have forgotten to chalk over the sight, and my aim will be mere guess work. Still no rise! shall I go forward, or fire? Only another yard, and I might see them! ** Oh the little more and how much it is And the little less, and what worlds away.” Flap! flap! Ping! ping! Off they go! three of them, clear against the glow of the rising moon! The suspense is over, and I watch them vanish into the distance. Sic transit! transiit! transibit! Only one bird is retrieved—a fine duck, whose wonderfully thick plumage would seem proof against any velocity of steel. A moment’s pity for the victim! a moment’s shiver in the cold! then back again to the hedge to wait for more! And so the evening wears on till either the cold becomes too intense, or the duck cease to drop in. Such evenings are not easily effaced from the memory. The darkness, the solitude, the absolute silence from all clattering discord of daytime and civilivation—in a populous country one can scarcely separate the two—more than atone for the occa- sional failure to secure a bag. As for the discomforts, the cold and cramp that are inseparable from the situation, these are only too slight a tribute for the privilege of communing fora few hours with Nature—solus cum sola. 49 PHofographic Section, President... C. E. Youneman, Esq. MEMBERS: Adderley, R. W. F. Harford, H. H. Perkins, H. B. Birch, H. Harington, H. R. Pitman, C. S. Biscoe, V. F. Hart, N. S. Ritter, E. S. Broderip, J. Y. M. Herbert, J. G. Rushbrooke, R. B. W. Browne, W. H. Heywood, J. Sidebottom, W. Clark, R. O. Hind, A. C. S. Smith, W. H. Cohen, B. J. B. Lawford, A. N. Smythies, B. E. Cohen, E. C. Littleton, J. Stephens, D. J. M. Cork, W. N. MacSwiney, II. F. C. Stephens, R. C. Curtis, J. O. Marsden, H. Thornton, H. C. Davis, F. G. Mathews, F. M. Tinson, G. G. N. Dickinson, D. P. Mayne, H. G. L. Webb, S. N. C. Dyce, A. G. H. Milne, R. M. Williams, H. F. F. FitzHerbert, E. C. W. Milton, L. Young, R. A. E. Gordon, R. H. Nicholls, T. B. Young, R. P. Hailes, M. H. Parcell, N. H. GOOD year, in the way of opportunity; but the average member is very modest, and does not make much of his work public. Much of what is shown is sent up in the form of lantern-slides at the end of the year; avery good way of exhibiting results, but it leaves unrepresented the large majority who do not go to the trouble (well worth taking) of making slides. However, last year there was special encouragement for these in the prize given for prints by E. M. Joseph, Esq. (O.C.), who was himself, years ago, the first to win the sectional prize. Five entered for it, and the prize was divided between B E.Smythies (1st) and FitzHerbert (2nd). There should be more entries this year; and some preference will be given to prints made on platinotype papers, bromides, Velox, etc.; as Mr. Joseph particularly wishes to encourage us to make 50 some advance upon the universal first-stage P.O.P. Many of these papers are quite easy to work—often easier and readier than P.O.P.; and there is the electric light in the dark room ready for the work, and special times arranged. At the exhibition of lantern-slides last December seven sets were sent in by five competitors, the prize going to FitzHerbert for some simple unambitious bits of Irish scenery, very nicely done; a somewhat novel set, from its very simplicity, but effec- tive. Swiss pictures by B. J. B. Cohen came second, and then waves (one very fine) by B. E.Smythies. The show this time was a good one, though it is a matter for regret that there was nothing shown by several people who had good negatives ready to hand, but unfortunately ‘‘had no time.” Both Mr. Borchardt and Mr. Towers were in the vein, and let us have of their best; and there was the additional pleasure of welcoming first contributions from Mr. Clauss and Mr. Unwin, and looking forward to many others from them. 51 PREHISTORIC AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF CHELTENHAM. By G. B. Wirtts, Esg. THE prehistoric period in which man lived is divided for conveni- ence into four ages called respectively, the Paleolithic, the Neolithic, the Bronze and the Iron age. During the first two ages man used tools and weapons made of wood and stone, he was unable through lack of knowledge to extract any metal from the earth and so unable to manufacture metal tools or weapons. The first types of stone tools and Weapons are very rough in their making, but the second type, the Neolithic, are easily distinguished by their delicate manufac- ture, possessing frequently a beautiful polish and evidencing a great deal more care in their making than do those of the earlier Palzolithic times. Gradually the method of extraction of copper and iron from the ore containing them became known and the men with the the bronze weapons succeeded the men with stone ones, while later still man extracted iron and, in a sense, we still live in the Iron age. What number of years is represented by the periods we speak of as the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze or Iron ages we do not know, but the number must be in thousands. No Paleolithic remains have been found round Cheltenham, but Neolithic remains are extraordinary plentiful. The high table land of the Cotteswold hills must have formed a capital place for these early men to live in, as it would give them a good view over the Severn valley and enable them to see and reply to signals from distant hills. Accordingly in most freshly ploughed fields at the top of the hills one can pick up flint arrow heads and flint implements from the soil. As there is no flint in the rocks of Cheltenham these must have been made elsewhere and brought here ready made, or else blocks of flint must have been brought and the articles 52 manufactured near by. Such a manufactory has been found between Cheltenham and Birdlip. Flint itself is only found in chalk and the nearest chalk is some forty miles away. Not only did early man leave his weapons and tools scattered about on the surface of the ground, but he buried his dead under heaps of ground, now called Barrows. Neolithic man made long barrows, more or less oval in shape, while the men of later ages made round barrows. Instances of long barrows are to be seen at Belas Knapp, across Cleeve Hill, on the Crippets Hill, and at West Tump near Birdlip; while round barrows are to be found near the Air Balloon on the left side of the Birdlip Road, at Dowdeswell, on Cleeve and at many other spots, being very common indeed. The West Tump barrow was opened in [187(?)]. It was not quite oval in form as its curve was indented at one end and so it is spoken of as a horned barrow. Every yard or two round the outside a skeleton was found, all of their skulls being of the long head or dolico-cephalic type. Inside the barrow was a pathway sloping down to a central chamber. Ten skeletons were found in the main entrance and ona stone at the end of the central chamber was seated the skeleton of a young woman, with most beautiful teeth and she held a small baby in her arms. This young woman was called by Mr. Witts the Cotteswold Princess. No metal implement of any description was found during the digging but some flint implements were discovered. The Belas Knapp barrow was dug out in 18... and the skulls and other bones found in it are now in the College Museum and form a very valuable collection. Passing to Roman times we find the chief Roman remains in our district are villas and camps. Of the villas only a few have been excavated, and many others are known but have not been dug into. The best one is at Chedworth, while remains of another in the wood below Birdlip have been visited before now by the Natural History Society. The high ground of the Cotteswolds ending off abruptly along the escarpment offered a capital situation for military camps. This was of course known to the Pre-Roman settlers and they made camps along the edge. The Romans made use of the camps they found in existence when they came into this country, sometimes enlarging or altering them no doubt, and ™_-. —we 53 sometimes they made new camps of their own. The rapid fall of the hill-land towards the West formed a natural defence which these masters of the military art were not slow to make use of. We find camps on Leckhampton and Crickley Hills and at Birdlip, on Coopers Hill and beyond Birdlip at Kimsbury. While to the North of Leckhampton we find camps at Dowdeswell, Hewlett’s Hill, Cleeve Hill and Nottingham Hill. The Crickley Hill camp is a British Camp with a very ingeni- ous Roman entrance. The Dowdeswell camp is an original Roman camp. Some of these Roman camps formed connective links in a very long chain. We have been made familiar lately with the system of blockhouses brought into operation for the purpose of keeping in check an agile enemy. Such a system was put into use in Britain in A.D. 50. Tacitus tells us that the Romanj general made a string of forts from the Severn to the Wash. Mr. Witts has been over much of the line and has identified several score of such forts along a line from near Bristol through Cheltenham and away towards Lincolnshire. Some of our Cheltenham forts are therefore no mere isolated outposts, but form part of an immense line of fortification made for the purpose of protecting the Roman portion of Britain which lay in the South and South-East of our Island. The barbarians, pushed steadily to the West and North, were kept from raiding the colonised territory by the blockhouse system, which Lord Kitchener has copied with such success against an even more mobile enemy than the agile Celt. Besides the villas and camps, the Romans also have left traces of their period of occupation in their roads. These were in some cases British trackways converted in later years by the new masters of the country into finer and more permanent lines of traffic. The Gloucester and Birdlip Road was such a British road improved and paved by the Romans. At the top of the Cotteswolds near Birdlip it is defended by a bank, its ultimate destination was possibly St. David’s in Pembrokeshire. Another British trackway ran from Gloucester to Tewkesbury via Deerhurst, while the Roman road ran near the present road to the. West of it. 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