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366 RT OF THE SECRETARY

CRLSSI

UF THE SMITHSONIAN
_ INSTITUTION

‘FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30

1922

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1922

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY
OF THE SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION

BOR EE VAR ENDING UNE 30

FO22

(Publication 2709)

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1922

CONTENTS.

Page.
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FR Vayey TBVOREITRT!. CONE TERNS ey ay SY 2 MAES DR eS EY Ea SEY pe 24
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FESTIENCUED (CEs Syme eran i NL Ml cael i AN ne AE oat Nee cae ea ASAI Se ek 3
RVESE AENEAN CxPLOLATLOMSS See aN eS as Bee 2 6
Geological explorations in the Canadian Rockies_______________ 6
Paleontological field work in the United States_________________ 7
Boranicalvexpedition, to the Orient sos 5 UU ees ee 9
PAU SS bake eh VAAN UPD CONF) CS CUT ESL Te Sa 8 9
Biological exploration in the Dominican Republic_______________ 10
Hntomolosical expedition to, Alaska= == 5 ==) 2). see bee 10
The Institute for research in tropical America_____________________ mal
HlOramonmuneebhilippine Wieland sea 2 oe Olas eee eee ee 12
BaAiRGe Memorials Commi feck aii Ne see 2 See ee 12
Development of multiple-charge rocket______________-_----_-----__ 12
TE rp USB EQUA a ate gS De ee RN 13
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DNA ta Costa ieee OL Sen eee pea Te coe ae ee a ae Sats Fe 21
INS Terr OED Mays Ce e3) Nn) SEL Veer OTe yi a ee Ue SSE ho se 22
International Catalogue of Scientific Literature________________________ 23
INE CEONO Sige Seer is DP ai EP UE ee Sh SEAT EW AN 24
Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum_____________ 26
2. Report on the National Gallery of Art__--___-____-________ 42
Duekeport.om the Hreer Gallery, of Arts. 222 2. eee Ee 53
4. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology_____________ 55
5. Report on the International Exchanges____________________ 76
6. Report on the National Zoological Park ____________________ 88
7. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory___-______+-______ 104

8. Report on the International Catalogue of Scientific Litera-
ERTS Sela oh 2 Le SA Le 109
GEOEVEM OT OI ntlke mI ANsyeo ee eee cee ee SLC eee eee es a ae 113
OP AVE OLE OLIN UDCA VOT SO Mes Mats eid I ERE I oe es SE 119

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REPORT
OF THE

SECRETARY,OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,

CuHar_Les D. Wa corr,
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1922.

To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution:

GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to submit herewith the annual
report of the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution
and its branches during the year ending June 30, 1922. The affairs
of the Institution proper (together with brief summaries of the
operations of the various branches) are given on pages 1 to 25
of this report, and the appendixes contain somewhat detailed
accounts of the year’s work, written by the head of each of the
branches. These include reports on the United States National
Museum, the National Gallery of Art, the Freer Gallery of Art, -
the Bureau of American Ethnology, the International Exchanges,
the National Zoological Park, the Astrophysical Observatory, the
United States Regional Bureau of the International Catalogue of
Scientific Literature, the Smithsonian Library, and the publica-
tions of the Institution and its branches.

THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
THE ESTABLISHMENT.

The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in
1846, according to the terms of the will of James Smithson, of
England, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States
of America “ to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith-
sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion
of knowledge among men.” In receiving the property and accept-
ing the trust Congress determined that the Federal Government was
without authority to administer the trust directly, and therefore
constituted an “ establishment ” whose statutory members are “the
President, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the
executive departments.”

2 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

THE BOARD OF REGENTS.

The affairs of the Institution are administered by a Board of
Regents whose membership consists of “the Vice President, the
Chief Justice, three Members of the Senate, and three Members of
the House of Representatives, together with six other persons other
than Members of Congress, two of whom shall be resident in the
city of Washington and the other four shall be inhabitants of some
State, but no two of them of the same State.” One of the Regents
is elected chancellor by the board; in the past the selection has
fallen upon the Vice President or the Chief Justice; and a suit-
able person is chosen by them as secretary of the Institution, who
is also secretary of the Board of Regents and the executive officer
directly in charge of the Institution’s activities.

In regard to the personnel of the board, the following changes
occurred during the year: Chief Justice William H. Taft became a
member of the board by virtue of his office; Representative Albert
Johnson, of the State of Washington, was appointed to succeed
Representative John A. Elston, who died during the year; and Dr.
Alexander Graham Bell retired from the board at the expiration
of his term.

The roll of the Regents at the close of the fiscal-year was as follows:
Calvin Coolidge, Vice President of the United States, chancellor;
Chief Justice William H. Taft; Henry Cabot Lodge, Member of
the Senate; A. Owsley Stanley, Member of the Senate; Medill Mc-
Cormick, Member of the Senate; Lemuel P. Padgett, Member of
the House of Representatives; Frank L. Greene, Member of the
House of Representatives; Albert Johnson, Member of the House
of Representatives; George Gray, citizen of Delaware; Charles F.
Choate, jr., citizen of Massachusetts; John B. Henderson, citizen of
Washington, D. C.; Henry White, citizen of Washington, D. C., and
Robert S. Brookings, citizen of Missouri.

The board held its annual meeting on December 8, 1921. The
proceedings of that meeting, as well as the annual financial report
of the executive committee, have been printed as usual for the use
of the Regents, while such important matters acted upon as are
of public interest are reviewed under appropriate heads in the
present report of the secretary. A detailed description of dis-
bursements from the Government appropriations under the direction
of the Institution for the maintenance of the National Museum, —
the National Zoological Park, and other branches will be submitted
to Congress by the secretary in the usual manner in accordance
with the law. .

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.

Desiring to increase the research output of the Institution, your

secretary called a meeting in May of this year of the scientific

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 3

staff of the Institution and its branches to consider ways and means
of inaugurating and carrying out a program of more extensive
original research. At this meeting a committee on research was
Peed! with Dr. George P. Merrill, head curator of geology, as
eect. which will fameucle the Se this summer and it is
expected an be prepared in the fall to offer a definite program.

The great need of the Institution is for a larger endowment to
enable it to extend the scope of its activities in the “increase and
diffusion of knowledge among men.” During the 76 years of its
existence, except for several generous contributions for specific
objects, the income of the Institution has not been materially in-
creased. With the great increase in its scientific activities and
output of publications, it becomes more and more difficult to make
the limited income cover the mounting expense, and many oppor-
tunities to carry on valuable scientific investigations must be passed
by every year. It is hoped that some one, recognizing the ad-
vantageous position of the Institution for promoting scientific work
in America, will provide a suitable endowment.

FINANCHS.

The permanent investments of the Institution consist of the
following :
Deposited in the Treasury of the United States______ Daas Ha $1, 000, 000

e 7

CONSOLIDATED FUND.

Miscellaneous securities carried at a cost of $177,965.28, either
purchased or acquired by gift, and constituting the consolidated
fund, namely:

West Shore Railroad Co. guaranteed 4 per cent first mortgage bonds,

due im 23861__ 15 Ania Wiles peat Bites MULT ah, Mabe Nh Sha so UR Aen)
Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co. sta nen 5 per cent gold

VS vO GUSE, CHORES, TUN ONSEN fg MSR SSS TS PS aa a a ey Ln Oe ee CY @) 00)
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co. 4 per cent general mortgage

DUOMO SH CuIIe tre LOOM. oni Es et is ct nt spies panne Ae Min tll cee ks Alltel 2, 000
Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad Co. first consolidated mortgage 5 per cent

TONGAN IS ONES ivy oD RS IBAS Near ISS eS A PP ee eR ag UND 2, 000
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. 5 per cent refunding general mortgage

PONS Query In TIOH Monit Ney fs i ght peat baud di _ 5,000
P. Lorillard Co. 7 per cent gold bonds, aie ny AQAA oii ee | ORE ee 6, 000

Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co. 7 per cent gold bonds, due in 1944, gift__ 6,000
New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Co., 4 per cent gold de-

benture bonds, due in 1934 i ee Ages BUREN RS hs eae ZB
City of Youngstown, Ohio, 6 per cent municipal bonds, due in 1928____ 3,000
Real estate 7 per cent trust notes on improved property in the District

Of Columbia YAuUeS Tp MO 2oOEe eee TEN ND EG Nl WC Lee OEE 5, 000

Northern Pacific—Great Northern joint convertible 64 per cent gold
JOLOFINO bom OND els abe AGE Gl sg dae peemea py neha gga aaee lis stele a a 41, 500

4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

New York Central Railroad Co. refunding and improvement 5 per cent

bonds) duevin' 2OWG. 2.4 Sn ee eee $10, 000
Brooklyn Rapid Transit Co.* 5 per cent secured gold notes due in 1918_ 3,500
United States. first. Liberty Joan2==825 eee eee eee 200
United: States second ‘Liberty Toan_——7 == "2 _- ans ee 100
United /States third! Liberty, loani@2_ 812) Ot ein ie eee 10, 150
United, Statese fourth Liberty JOan:+ (i245 34) era eae es eee 50
United States war-savings stamps, series of 1918_____________________ 100
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Co. 5 per cent preferred stock,

Odie 2 Sr a ie ee eee shares__ 125
American Smelting & Refining Co. 7 per cent preferred stock,

SURES SEE SSE ES EEO ah EE ee aor_2= 60
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. 4 per cent preferred stock,

1H i] Oe eS eee en Ee Eee TS ON a ek doze 125
California Electric Generating Co. 6 per cent preferred stock,

SUNG See a ee ee ile al Se ee aa ee ee ee qo = 100
Electric Bond & Share Co. 6 per cent preferred stock, gift____do____ 20:

The sums invested for each specific fund or securities acquired by
gift are described as follows:

Fund. ‘States Canschtatm Total.
Treasury. :

Smithson fund. oss scce. pecs Rees bce heh ee ese ee $727,640.00 $1,429. 14 $729,089. 14
Habel fund). s. cacdsa8 ebeaee cee ee saree ee eee neece 500500)|.o552.eeeeeee 500. 00
Hodgkins’ general fund... 5. case cae ese eee > eee 116, 000. 00 37, 275. 00 153, 275. 00
Hodgkinsispecifice fund... ~-.2-... 5... ces aeeteebeas hee wee de 100, .000;.00: |5s.c32) cst eau 100, 000. 00
INHGeS SUNG a aeccee eno scee aeer PE Soa rasa sate Seg arama nehE oUt 590. 00 199. 00 789. 00
Avery fund yu ea SE se ee Re re 14,000.00} 20,489. 80 34,489. 80
Addison, TD, Reid fun de tv sos ck doce aie Sete sere eee ee LL OOO OU 3,679. 00 14, 679. 00
Luey T. and George W. Poore fund....--..-:.....-..s02+)--- | 26,670. 00 8, 444. 00 35,114. 00
George ike Sanford fund? s 2.22 tec. aacbicce cic. Seep acetone 1,100. 00 374.00 1,474. 00
Chamberlain fond: 2.2: 2x; 25b5.0 0c ee 3 cee eas! jeagee 35,000.00 35,000.00
Brave Hughes fands.--4< 22... ec eae eae ee esi Te Sor, 9, 894. 76 9, 894. 76
Ibuey (E:. (Bairdiimds.. 222). be <u eeu aaheesaaeinste - dees lee eee eee | 1, 260. 58 1, 260. 58
Virginia Purdy Bacon fund.....--.. se qoa Leewtas sambice.aeiseenere SS Seta eomee 46, 900. 00 46, 900. 00
Hamilton tide... 2 22, 0 ae eee ae | 2,500. 00 500. 00 3,000. 00
Charles D. and Mary Vaux Walcott research fund...-........ Ps baat ke pb 11, 520.00 11, 520.00
Caroline'Henry fond! sos seeo set jee ee ae ee eee eee telaneee eae ere 1,000.00 1,000.00

Mota: co. \co2 ees oe LAUR ae et eee Se | 1,000,000.00 | 177,965.28 | 1,177,965.28

Mr. B. H. Swales, custodian, section of birds’ eggs, continues to
favor the Institution with his valuable assistance in the form of con-
tributions for the purchase of specimens for the division of birds.
This year his contributions have amounted to $400.

Dr. William L. Abbott has contributed $2,000 for the purpose
of continuing the collecting of natural history specimens. The
Australian expedition, the expense of which was maintained en-
tirely by Doctor Abbott for three years, has been successfully con-
cluded, and work in new fields is contemplated in the near future.

17The traction problem in New York is still unsolved, and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit
Co.’s finances remain in the hands of receivers.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 5

Mr. John A. Roebling has made further gifts to the Institution
to the extent of $15,771.38, to aid in the maintenance of astrophysical
stations in Chile and in Arizona and for the publication of scien-
tific papers.

The executors of the Freer estate have tomers to the Insti-
tution 6,546 shares of Parke, Davis & Co., to apply to the Freer
residuary fund. The shares of this connor ton now received for
the several specific purposes provided by Mr. Freer are as follows:

Shares

Curator’s fund, Freer Gallery of Art_ NUM A pen RS on sy Tags Lele eT AD
Court and grounds fund, Freer Gallery of Art__________ ut Pvp oi G42
Court and grounds, maintenance fund, Freer Gallery of Art -_-_-_____ 435
Freer residuary fund____ AROSE SO ES bee ae rasta ____. 16, 546
PAR OAC a I SS it aE TE EI ARUN HEN eh ALO ee ON 20, 465

To pay inheritance and Federal taxes, it became necessary, with
the approval of the Board of Regents, to place a loan with a local
trust company for that purpose. The loan is being gradually re-
duced and now amounts to $170,000.

Dividends and interest on securities acquired from the Freer
estate have amounted to $83,127.36. Thirty thousand dollars have
been expended to liquidate the above-mentioned obligation, and
$55,084.48 for purposes prescribed by the testator, including the
purchase of art objects.

The sum of $55,823.44, constituting the balance of the building
fund, was transferred to the books of the Institution, and $32,122.78
has been expended. With the addition of a credit transferred from
another Freer fund, the balance available for conenetion and equip-
ment of the building i is $32,074.97.

The Institution’s income for general expenses is received period-
ically and at times is in excess of immediate requirements. A part
of this income is deposited on time at the rate of 3 per cent per
annum. ‘This year interest acquired principally in this manner
amounted to $2,033.93.

The income during the year for current expenses, consisting of
interest on permanent investments and other miscellaneous re-
sources, was $61,872.14, receipts from Freer bequest $138,950.80,
other revenues for specific purposes, $50,850.04; which, with cash
on hand and subject to check on July 1, 1921, amounting to
$11,229.34, constituted a total of $262,902.32.

The disbursements, described more fully in the annual report
of the executive committee, were classed as follows: General ob-
jects of the Institution, $62,749.17; investments and expenditures
for specific purposes, $33,553.24; temporary advances in excess of
repayments, $2,578.50; cash deposited on time, $40,500; disbursed

6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

from revenues of Freer bequest, $117,157.26; and $6,364.15 in cash
and deposited subject to check.

The Institution was charged by Congress with the disbursement
of the following appropriations for the year ending June 30, 1922:

International Exchanges ___-_________ een eee ee en remmrne EE i

Americans Ethnology tae eee oe ee ee eee 46, 000. 00

International Catalogue of Scientific Literature_______________ 7, 500. 00

Astrophysical Observatory: —312 407) yeas vie ait EEA ES he ge 500. 00

National Museum:

Hurniture and -ixtures— =. 2.2222 ee ee $20, 000. 00
Heating and lighting. 2-5 si ea eee 70, 000. 00
Heating and lighting (deficiency)_-~_______________ 4, 000. 00
Preservation of ‘collectiGns2222=2 oe 312, 620. 00
Preservation of collections (deficiency) ____________ 15984
1350 R U0 NR ay eaten (5) 02100 es aa Renan ER ge wana ere ai wa et maee gh eo gt oes 10, 000. 00
Books \\seaneer ij sepes Jf. 2n% ot Tega Shere 2, 000. 00
Books) (deficiency, ; 2265-35 28 eee a 3. 02
POStASe 123.2 be ofA Bee pg Die ee ee 500. 00

-——___—— 419, 138. 86

National Gallery ‘of Artz. 025s ==. Ae eee ee ee 15, 000. 00

National Zoological Parkvivos 29 Lj Vhs Pie See eee 125, 000. 00

Additional. land: for: Zoologicall Park’ --!) 242) 7a) yeti 2, 500. 00

‘ nee fe

ALO Gas gs en sale che Ma a a a ee 2 ae Chee Le 680, 638. 86

There was also appropriated for printing and binding $91,000, to
cover the cost of printing and binding the Smithsonian annual re-
port and reports and miscellaneous printing for Government branches
of the Institution.

RESEARCHES AND EXPLORATIONS.

Each year the Institution sends out, as far as its limited funds
permit, expeditions for the purpose of exploring scientifically little-
known regions of the earth, or to conduct needed field work in more
familiar localities, thus furthering one of its principal objects,
the “increase of knowledge.” It is also able to cooperate advan-
tageously with other institutions by contributing members of its
scientific staff to expeditions already organized and financed. The
results of the more noteworthy of these expeditions are here de-—
scribed briefly, and the field work of the various branches of the
Institution will be found in the appendixes to this report.

GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN THE CANADIAN ROCKIES.

During the summer and early fall of 1921 your secretary carried
on geological field work in the Canadian Rocky Mountains in con-
tinuation of previous years’ work in this region. His objects were
to secure data on the pre-Devonian strata of the Sawback Range

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Z

in Ranger Brook Canyon and to conduct a reconnaissance of the
pre-Devonian formations to the Northwest as far as the headwaters
of the North Fork of the Saskatchewan River, Alberta.

The field season was an unusually unfavorable one for geological
work. During the three months in the field 35 days were stormy,
28 cloudy and cold, and snow fell on 20 days in August and Sep-
tember. As a result, not more than one-third of the work planned
was accomplished before the party was driven back to the railroad
by heavy snows.

On our way north we crossed over Pipestone Pass and down the
Siffleur River. Clearwater River heads in glacial gravels on the
east side of the Siffleur about 2 miles north of Pipestone Pass.
Twenty-five miles farther to the northwest at the point where the
south branch (Mistaya Creek), the middle branch (Howse River),
and the north branch unite to form the Saskatchewan River there
are some beautiful and instructive views of the surrounding moun-
tains. The Mount Forbes massif on the left is a superb mountain
mass and in the distant center is Division Mountain at the head of
Glacier Lake Canyon which we visited in 1919, on the right Survey
Peak and beyond two unnamed points. The Glacier Lake section
of the pre-Devonian and Upper Cambrian formations was studied
on the northern slopes of the Mount Forbes massif.

Twelve miles northeast of Mount Forbes the cliffs of Mount
Murchison rise high above the dark forested slopes and present a
view of the Devonian and pre-Devonian formations that is un-
equaled in all this region of peaks, cliffs, and broad canyon valleys.

Opposite Mount Murchison on the north side of the Saskatchewan,
Mount Wilson presents another section of the pre-Devonian forma-
tions, the upper end of which is a massive white quartzite formed
of the sands of the beaches over which the Devonian Sea deposited
a thick layer of calcareous sediments abounding in the remains of
corals and various invertebrates of the time. On the west, Mount
Wilson rises directly above the North Fork of the Saskatchewan,
which here flows through a narrow picturesque inner canyon.

PALEONTOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN THE UNITED STATES.

Dr. R. S. Bassler, curator of the division of paleontology in the
National Museum, was océupied during the field season in collecting
geologic material and in mapping and studying the economic re-
sources of the Franklin quadrangle in Williamson County, Tenn.,
in cooperation with the Geological Survey of that State. This region
is of considerable economic interest on account of the phosphate
and oil shale possibilities. The numerous outcrops of Ordovician
and later Paleozoic formations contain a great number of fossils,

8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

and Doctor Bassler was able to make a considerable collection of
these needed for the Museum study series. He also secured several
large exhibition specimens illustrating various geological phe-
nomena, among these being a large mass of limestone composed en-
tirely of the dismembered calices and columns of a large species of
crinoid or sea lily in which the individual fragments are perfectly
preserved and admirably illustrate the formation of a limestone
through the accumulation of this type of animal remains.

An interesting stratigraphic observation was made on the efficacy
of the coral reefs of the Ordovician in rock formation. A massive
limestone bed about 15 feet thick, representing a middle Ordovician
formation, here contains but a single coral reef, but within 10 miles
the number of intercalated coral reefs has so increased that the for-
mation attains a thickness of over 250 feet.

In April Mr. C. W. Gilmore, associate curator of vertebrate pale-
ontology, was authorized to undertake a trip into New Mexico “ for
the purpose of making collections of geological material for the Na-
tional Museum and determining the advisability of preserving cer-
tain lands in northern New Mexico for national monumental pur-
poses.” ‘Mr. Gilmore was obliged to report that—

Since the Many square miles of “bad lands” surrounding the reserved area
are equally fossiliferous and in places present much more favorable territory
for the recovery of fossil! remains than any observed within the boundaries of
the monument, and also since the greater part of these surrounding areas lie
within Pueblo grants, over which Federal control has been relinquished, there
would be no advantage in retaining governmental control of so small a part
of the area as is represented in the proposed monument.

Mr. Gilmore did, however, find a contiguous fossiliferous area in
the Santa Clara Pueblo grant and secured for the Museum a well-
preserved skull and other bones of a small rhinoceros, and, in an
adjoining Pojoaque Pueblo area, remains of an extinct camel. The
most promising area for collecting would appear to lie within land
grants over which the Government has at present no control.

In January, this same year, Mr. J. W. Gidley, assistant curator of
this division, was authorized, in cooperation with the United States
Geological Survey, to conduct field explorations in the San Pedro
and Sulphur Springs Valleys of southern Arizona, and on the com-
pletion of this work to visit the La Brea asphalt deposits of southern
California, and from there go to Agate, nr Nebraska, for the pur-
pose of securing other exhibition material. The work in Arizona
was eminently successful, Mr. Gidley shipping some 24 boxes having
an aggregate weight of 5,000 pounds. The bulk of this collection,
he reports, represents “a practically new Pliocene fauna containing
about 60 vertebrate species, most of which are mammalian.”

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 9
BOTANICAL EXPEDITION TO THE ORIENT.

As noted in last year’s report, Dr. A. S. Hitchcock, custodian of
the section of grasses of the National Museum, visited the Orient
under the auspices of the Department of Agriculture for the purpose
of collecting and studying grasses, especially the bamboos. As the
specimens collected come to the National Museum, it will not be out
of place to here mention briefly Doctor Hitchcock’s work. The trip
occupied about eight months, ending in December, 1921, and the
regions visited included the Philippines, Japan, China, and Indo-
China.

Japan is not very favorable for the collecting of grasses, as it is
mostly a forested region and there is comparatively little open coun-
try. The bamboos were of interest, as there are many species. In
the Lake Hakone region the hills were covered for miles with a
single species of bamboo (Arundinaria chino) , 4 to 8 feet high, often
to the exclusion of everything else.

China, on the other hand, was very rich in grasses. One of the
surprises of the trip was to find so much open grass land in a country
that is said to be very thickly populated. The cities of China are
very much crowded and the valley lands are intensively cultivated,
but the hills are unoccupied and almost unused. This is in striking
contrast to our own western regions where, except in national forests
and other protected areas, the grass lands are extensively grazed.
The basic reason for this condition in China appears to be the risk
from bandits. The valley lands can be protected but the hills are
open to the attack of robbers.

The expendition was very successful, and a large and valuable col-
lection of grasses was brought back. The technical results of the
work will be published later by the Department of Agriculture or the
National Herbarium of the National Museum.

AUSTRALIAN EXPEDITION.

Through the generosity of Dr. W. L. Abbott, Mr. Charles M. Hoy
continued his work of collecting for the Museum specimens of the
very interesting fauna of Australia. The work was terminated dur-
ine the winter and Mr. Hoy returned to the United States in May,
1922. The results of this expedition are of especial value for two
reasons: First, the Australian fauna has heretofore been but scantily
represented in the Museum, and, second, the remarkable fauna of
that continent is rapidly being exterminated through various causes.
_ The specimens received during the year bring the total up to AMG)
mammals, including series of skeletal and embryological material ;
928 birds, with 41 additional examples in alcohol; and smaller collec-
tions of reptiles, amphibians, insects, marine specimens, etc.

10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

For assistance and courtesies extended to Mr. Hoy while in Aus-
tralia the Smithsonian Institution wishes to make grateful acknowl-
edgment to the authorities of the Australian Museum, Sydney; the
Queensland Museum, Brisbane; the South Australian Museum, Ade-
laide; the West Australian Museum and Art Gallery, Perth; and
the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart; also and particu-
larly to Dr. Charles Hedley and Dr. Charles Anderson, of Sydney ;
Harry Burrell, Esq., of Kensington, New South Wales; and Capt.
S. W. White of Fulham, South Australia.

BIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.

Dr. W. L. Abbott, whose generosity in years past has enabled the
Institution to take advantage of many opportunities in biological and
other explorations, himself visited during the year the Dominican
Republic, working in both the Samana Peninsula and the region
lying between Sanchez (at the head of Samana Bay) and Puerto
Plata, on the north coast. Having visited this region before, he was
able to select new and interesting localities for collecting.

Doctor Abbott’s work included botanical, zoological, and ethnologi-
cal collecting, and the specimens sent in to the National Museum will
go far toward completing the various series representing this region.
Some 4,000 plants were collected, of which about 20 per cent were
ferns. The ethnological material, including aboriginal Indian pot-
tery and idols, is of great interest and has been described and figured
in the annual pamphlet on the explorations and field work of the
Institution.

ENTOMOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO ALASKA,

Dr. J. M. Aldrich, associate curator of insects in the National
Museum, spent several weeks during the field season collecting in-
sects in Alaska. The Government railroad from the southern coast
to Fairbanks, now nearing completion, offered an opportunity for
travel not heretofore existing, and it. was felt that it was important
to know more about the insect fauna of this great region in view
of the fact that the population will undoubtedly increase with the
completion of the railroad. Regarding his work, Doctor Aldrich
says:

The expedition resulted in the accession of about 10,000 specimens of
Alaska insects, nearly all from the interior region. As far as they have
been studied up to the present time they indicate three somewhat distinct
faunal regions in the territory covered.

First, the maritime fauna consisting of the insects living upon the sea-
shore and depending upon the ocean for necessary conditions of existence.
Insects of this group extend down the coast, in many cases as far as the

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. dil

State of Washington and some even so far as San Francisco, while it is
presumed that they would also be found more or less in the Asiatic side of
Bering Sea.

The second element is that of the humid mountain region along the coast;
a considerable part of this fauna extends to Puget Sound, Mount Rainier,
and in less degree to other mountains of the Pacific Northwest. The relation
of this element to the Asiatic fauna is very little known.

The third element of the Alaska fauna, as far as observed, is that of the
dry interior and especialiy of the Yukon Valley, which has many elements
in ¢€ommon with northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, Ontario, the
Adirondack Mountains of New York, and the White Mountains of New
Hampshire. Many of the insects of this group also occur in the Rocky
Mountains of Colorado and no doubt further exploration will show that they
occur in other mountains of the western United States. Those which repre-
sent a more northern range also reappear in Labrador collections and pre-
sumably extend across North America, although we have no collections from
intermediate points. This element contains many species known from Fin-
land and the Scandinavian Peninsula in Europe, presumably extending in
their distribution across Russia and Siberia.

In most orders of insects Alaska has a comparatively large fauna. There
are very numerous species of the two-winged flies, or Diptera; and from
Doctor Aldrich’s long experience with this group he naturally paid special atten-
tion to collecting in this order. ;

Bumblebees and wasps are conspicuous insects everywhere on flowers; and
in the absence of darkness bumblebees were observed to work as late as 10:30
at night in Fairbanks. Grasshoppers were strikingly scarce, only two species
being found and in all but half a dozen specimens. Mosquitoes in the interior
are exceedingly abundant, aS is well known. Hspecial attention was given to
them in collecting, and two species previously undescribed were among the
material brought back. It appears, however, that the most troublesome species
are the same ones which occur in somewhat less numbers in the Pacific North-
west in occasional favorable localities. Horseflies are very numerous in the
region at Fairbanks, where they are commonly called mooseflies, since the moose
is more common than the horse. \

The exploration of Alaska, especially the interior, from an entomological
point of view, is important in itself and also forms a link in the study of a
much broader problem—that of the entire Holarctic fauna which extends almost
continuously around the globe in the vicinity of the Arctic Circle. It is a
matter of great scientific interest to determine how much of this northern
fauna is the same in the New World as in the Old, and also to determine how
much of the fauna farther south, as, for instance, in the United States, has been
derived from this northern region. It is hoped that opportunity will arise to
carry this exploration much farther, not only in Alaska, where as yet only a
beginning has been made, but also in other northern regions, as, for instance,
Labrador, Greenland, and Siberia.

THE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN TROPICAL AMERICA.

The recently organized Institute for Research in Tropical America,
of which the Smithsonian Institution is a member, is hoping to
establish a research station in Panama. Such a station when prop-
erly equipped will serve as a center for the prosecution of research

upon problems in tropical biology and agriculture, and as a center
from which biological explorations can be made.

12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

FLORA OF THH PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. we

At the request of Gen. Leonard Wood, Governor General of the
Philippine Islands, a plan for the preparation of a flora of the
Philippine Islands was drawn up by the Institution, together with
an estimate of the cost. This work, which it is proposed will be
accomplished through cooperation of the Smithsonian Institution
with the Philippine Government, will be of the greatest importance
to the agricultural interests, and, since the prosperity of the Phil-
ippines is primarily dependent on agriculture, to the islands them-
selves. In addition to these material benefits, such a flora would be
of great value to science, and a large number of specimens of rare
and valuable plants from the Philippines would come to the National
Herbarium as a result of its preparation.

At the close of the fiscal year funds had not been appropriated
for beginning the work.

BAIRD MEMORIAL COMMITTEE.

To celebrate the centenary of the birth of Spencer Fullerton
Baird, second secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, February
3, 1923, there was formed early in 1922 the Baird Memorial Com-
mittee. It was decided at a preliminary meeting that a public
meeting should be held in Washington on February 3, 1923, at which
addresses will be delivered and announcements made of the form of
memorial or memorials that have been decided upon, and that
wreaths should be placed on the grave of Baird in Oak Hill Ceme-
tery, the bust of Baird in the American Museum of Natural History
in New York City, the Baird memorial bowlder of the American
Fisheries Society at Woods Hole, and the Baird memorial tablet
at the Bureau of Fisheries in Washington.

The form which the memorial to Professor Baird should take was
not definitely decided, several plans having been considered. Among
these were a bust or tablet to be erected in the Smithsonian grounds,
the establishment of a Baird memorial medal to be awarded for
specially meritorious work in science, the publication of a memorial
volume of orginal scientific papers by Baird’s associates or followers,
and a fisheries exhibit, preferably a museum.

DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE-CHARGE ROCKET.

The development of a model multiple-charge rocket, mentioned
in previous reports, for the purpose of demonstrating the principle,
is being continued by Prof. Robert H. Goddard, of Clark University,
under a grant from the Hodgkins fund.

The specific work of the past year has been the development and
test of certain new features which will increase considerably the

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 13

effectiveness of the apparatus. A discussion of these, in detail, is
deferred for a later report. Additional financial support has been
granted for the work by Clark University.

PUBLICATIONS.

A total of 164 volumes and pamphlets were issued during the
year by the Institution and its branches. Of these publications,
there were distributed a total of 165,196 copies, including 251
volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowl-
edge, 20,777 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian Muiscel-
laneous Collections, 27,263 volumes and separates of the Smith-
sonian annual reports, 97,806 volumes and separates of the publica-
tions of the National Museum, 14,215 publications of the Bureau
of American Ethnology, 3,159 special publications, 706 volumes of
the Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, 64 reports on the
Harriman Alaska expedition, and 812 reports of the American His- |
torical Association. ?

The Institution carries out one of its chief functions, the “ dif-
fusion of knowledge,” by means of its various series of publications.
They embrace the results of investigations and systematic studies
in nearly every branch of natural science, and are distributed, in
most cases free of charge, to important libraries, educational in-
stitutions, and scientific establishments throughout the world. In
order to assist in creating a greater popular interest in scientific
matters, the annual report of the Institution has always contained
a general appendix consisting of a large selection of authentic,
semipopular articles reviewing recent advances in every branch of
scientific activity. There is a widespread and growing demand
for this publication, showing an increased appreciation of the value
of science and scientific investigations.

Besides the annual report, the Institution issues two series of
publications, the Contributions to Knowledge and the Miscellaneous
Collections. The publications of the National Museum and the
Bureau of American Ethnology are mentioned in the reports of
those branches appended hereto.

Of the series of Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 9 papers
were issued during the year, among them one paper by your sec-
retary in the series on Cambrian Geology and Paleontology, and
the usual annual pamphlet describing and illustrating the various
scientific expeditions sent out or cooperated in by the Smithsonian
Institution.

Allotments for printing—The congressional allotments for the

printing of the Smithsonian reports and the various publications

of the branches of the Institution were practically used up at the
16984222

14 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

close of the year. The allotments for the coming year ending June
30, 1923, are as follows:

For printing and binding the Annual Reports of the Board of Regents,
with general appendixes, the editions of which shall not exceed
10000. copies se 2S Se a eee $10, 000
Under the Smithsonian Institution: For the annual reports of the
National Museum, with general appendixes, and for printing labels
and blanks, and for the bulletins and proceedings of the National
Museum, the editions of which shall not exceed 4,000 copies, and
binding, in half morocco or material not more expensive, scientific
books and pamphlets presented to or acquired by the National
Marseim: Muibpary, ot Sa ae ae ee ee 37, 500
For the annual reports and bulletins of the Bureau of American
Ethnology, and for miscellaneous printing and binding for the

Deeg ATT EO). ACERS EDR EI UE. Ay anes BEEN ATs LS a 21, 000

For the annual report of the National Gallery of Art and for printing
catalogues) labelsijand, blanks..42%_ (ee td 1, 000
For miscellaneous printing and binding:
Phe Internanionalheeeh ane es as sel. eit See ee ee ee 2 200
The International Catalogue of Scientific Literature___-_________ 100
TheliNatronal’ Zoolosieal Park £00 N10) JMS) a eee 300
Phe, Astrophysicaly-Observatoryz = fen sews ely hl ee 300
For the annual report of the American Historical Association _____~ 7, 000
77, 400

Provided, That the expenditure of this sum shall not be restricted
to a pro rata amount in any period of the fiscal year.

Committee on printing and publication—The purpose of the
Smithsonian advisory committee on printing and publication is to
make recommendations regarding the merit and suitability of all
manuscripts submitted for publication by the Smithsonian Institu-
tion or its branches and also to consider all other matters relating to
printing and binding under the Institution. )During the past year
eight meetings were held and 100 manuscripts acted upon. The
membership of the committee is as follows: Dr. Leonhard Stejneger,
head curator of biology, National Museum, chairman; Dr. George
P. Merrill, head curator of geology, National Museum; Dr. J. Walter
Fewkes, chief, Bureau of American Ethnology; Mr. N. Hollister,
superintendent, National Zoological Park; and Mr. W. P. True,
editor of the Smithsonian Institution, secretary.

LIBRARY.

The facilities of the library have been taxed to the utmost. The
number of loans for the fiscal year amounted to 14,436, and as many
more books and periodicals were consulted without being taken from
the buildings. Interlibrary loans to accredited libraries, where
distance permits, are being continued, and in a number of instances
arrangements have been made for the photostating of pages from
rare volumes not permitted to leave the library.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 15

Each day typewritten lists of original articles appearing in scien-
tific periodicals received for the Smithsonian deposit in the Library
of Congress are prepared and circulated among the heads of scien-
tific bureau’ under the Institution. These daily bibliographical lists,
begun last November at the request of Secretary Walcott, have been
well received from the start. Requests have come in for copies from
other Government bureaus and research organizations, which it has
not been possible to comply with, owing to lack of necessary equip-
ment for the preparation of additional copies. The library now
possesses more than a million volumes, pamphlets, manuscripts, and
charts, there being 888,128 publications deposited in the Library of
Congress, 156,275 belonging to the National Museum, and 35,000
belonging to other branches of the Institution. The number of
additions for the fiscal year was 15,796.

As noteworthy additions to the various branch libraries might
be mentioned that of the Géttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen for 1758,
1760, 1808, 1813, and 1814 to the Smithsonian deposit, by gift of the
Gesellschaft fiir Wissenschaften zu Gottingen; Serindia, by Sir
Aurel Stein, to the office library, at present deposited in the Freer
Building, the gift of the Secretary of State for India; and the
second and third volumes of Beebe’s Monograph of the Pheasants,
added to the library of the National Zoological Park.

NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The year has been an unusually busy one for the Museum, but
although of late years its activities have greatly increased and its
scope widely extended, the appropriation for its maintenance has
remained practically the same for the past 11 years. Much credit
is due the members of the Museum’s staff for the fine results recorded
from year to year. Undoubtedly the most important event of the
year was the receipt and installation of the Herbert Ward collection
of African ethnologica and sculptures. This collection, one of the
most important ethnological units in the world, was brought together
by Herbert Ward, an Englishman, who was with Stanley on his
famous exploring expedition through Africa. It consists of 2,700
ethnological specimens and 19 superb sculptures in bronze of African
natives by Mr. Ward.

An actual beginning was made during the year toward establish-
ing the Loeb collection of chemical types, noted in last year’s report.
Two specially constructed cabinets were received from the Chemists’
Club of New York, and a portion of each of seven new chemical
compounds discovered in the Department of Agriculture were de-
posited in the collection. It is planned to solicit all available new
chemical material, with the view of eventually making of the Loeb
collection a complete series for the use of investigators in chemistry.

16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

The Museum acquired during’ the year a total of 359,677 speci-
mens. These are described somewhat in detail in the report on the
Museum, appended hereto, but it will be of interest to mention here
a few of the more important accessions. In anthropology the most
important addition was the Herbert Ward African collection men-
tioned above. A large collection of the brilliant ancient pottery from
the ruins of Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico, was received through
the Archeological Society of Washington, and a remarkable series
of aboriginal pottery collected by Dr. J. Walter Fewkes in the
neighboring Mimbres Valley, N. Mex., was also placed on exhibition.
A number of pianos were added by Mr. Hugo Worch to his notable
collection, among them a magnificent gilt harpsichord made by
Pleyel, Paris.

In the department of biology the outstanding feature of the year’s
accessions is the collection of about 100,000 insects collected by Dr.
William Mann in South America, especially eastern Bolivia. An-
other important collection of insects was that made by Dr. J. M.
Aldrich in Alaska, which numbered around 10,000 specimens. A
considerable consignment of biological material, mostly vertebrates,
was received from Mr. Hoy, who has been working in Australia
under the auspices of Dr. W. L. Abbott. This material brings the
important Australian expedition to a most successful termination.

In geology a number of valuable additions were made to the
collections, among them specimens of Bolivian tin and_ tungsten
ores from Mr. F. L. Hess; rich examples of carnotite and hewittite
presented by the Standard Chemical Co., Naturita, Colo.; eight gold
nuggets donated by Mr. Frank Springer: a large mass of meteoric
iron from Owen Valley, Calif., the gift of Mr. Lincoln Ellsworth,
of New York; a number of beautiful and valuable gems purchased
for the Isaac Lea collection through its endowment fund; and a con-
siderable amount of paleontological material, both vertebrate and
invertebrate.

The divisions of mineral and mechanical technology have devoted
their time largely to a more perfect and permanent arrangement of
the great amount of exhibition material already on hand, while the
divisions of history, textiles, and graphic arts report many valuable
and interesting additions to their collections.

In addition to the explorations and field work mentioned earlier
in this report, the Museum sent out or cooperated in various other
expeditions. Mr. Arthur de C. Sowerby continued his work in
China under the auspices of Mr. Robert Sterling Clark, who gen-
erously contributed all the material collected to the Museum. A
shipment of vertebrates and other biological material was received
from this expedition during the year. Mr. Paul C. Standley,

-

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. ey:

through the cooperation of various agencies, spent five months in
botanical collecting in El Salvador and Guatemala, bringing back
over 6,000 specimens. Another botanical expedition, consisting of
Dr. F. W. Pennell and Mr. E. P. Killip, was in western Colombia
at the close of the year under the auspices of various scientific or-
ganizations. The purpose of the exploration was to study the flora
and secure botanical specimens in this region, as one of a series lead-
ing up to a complete study of the flora of northern South America.

The auditorium and adjacent rooms of the Museum were used by
numerous societies and organizations for meetings, congresses, and
lectures. The Museum published during the year 9 volumes and 78
separate papers. These are described somewhat in detail in the
“ Report on publications,” Appendix 10 of this report. The number
of visitors to the National History Building during the year was
441,604; to the Arts and Industries Building, 262,151; and to the
Aircraft Building, 46,380.

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART.

Although the number of art works accessioned by the National
Gallery during the year falls short of the average of recent years,
nevertheless progress in the gallery’s activities has been satisfactory.
The greatest handicap to its work continues to be lack of exhibition
space. It is believed that the falling off in number of accessions
noted above is in part due to this shortage of space, as owners of
valuable art works very naturally desire to see them adequately
housed and exhibited. The urgent need of a suitable gallery for
the national collections, already valued in the millions, will be readily
understood when it is considered that until the past year the acces-
sions to the collections were estimated at hundreds of thousands
annually. If accessions are turned elsewhere on account of the lack
of space to exhibit them, it 1s evident that in a few vears the loss will
amount to more than the cost of a building.

Among the accessions received during the year was a portrait of
President Grant, by Thomas Le Clear, presented by Mrs. U. S.
Grant, jr.; an oil painting entitled “'The Signing of the Treaty of
Ghent,” by Sir A. Forestier, presented to the Smithsonian Institu-
tion by the Sulgrave Institution; a painting entitled “'Tohickon,”
by Daniel Garber, provided through the Henry Ward Ranger be-
quest; and a portrait of Edwin H. Harriman, an artist’s proof etch-
ing, one of 21 from the copper. A number of interesting art works
were loaned to the gallery during the year, among them being 71
portraits in pastel, in a series of 22 life-size groups of Union and Con-
federate veterans of the Civil War, painted from life by Walter
‘Beck, of Brooklyn, N. Y., 50 years after the Battle of Appomattox,

18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

loaned by the artist through Mr. Walter M. Grant, of New York
City.

Preliminary steps had been taken at the end of the year toward
the acceptance of a rich collection of British masterpieces brought
together by the late John H. McFadden, of Philadelphia. The col-
lection comprises 44 notable examples of the work of nineteen British
artists, and the acceptance of this valuable loan is regarded with
much favor.

A number of paintings were acquired from the income of the
Henry Ward Ranger bequest and assigned to various art, institutions
throughout the country. The terms of this bequest stipulate that
any of the art works so acquired may be claimed during a certain
period after the artist’s death by the National Gallery of Art,
remaining thereafter the property of the National Gallery.e The
selection and distribution of these purchases is entrusted to the
National Academy of Design.

The income from the Bruce Hughes bequest is to be used to estab-
lish and maintain a section of the library of the National Gallery
for reference works of art, to be known as the Hughes alcove. Dur-
ing the year the first purchases were made from this fund. An
illustrated catalogue of the art works of the gallery was prepared
and submitted to the printer during the year, but on June 30, 1922,
had not been published. A lecture on the National Gallery, illus-
trated by 75 slides mostly in color, was prepared, and is to be placed
at the disposal of persons throughout the country who desire to
present it.

The first annual meeting of the National Gallery of Art Com-
mission was held on December 6, 1921. Reports of the committees
were presented and many important matters relating to the gallery
were discussed, among them the urgent need of a National Gallery
3uilding and the problem of the acceptance of proffered works of art.

FREER GALLERY OF ART.

Work during the year on the collections of the Freer Gallery
of Art included chiefly the classification and cataloguing of Chinese,
Japanese, and Tibetan paintings, Chinese tapestries, and Chinese and
Japanese pottery; the preliminary classification of Korean pottery
and Chinese and Japanese stone sculptures and jades: and the
cataloguing of American paintings, drawings, and prints.

Progress has been made also on completing certain portions of the
interior of the building and on the installation of the collections.
Miss Grace Dunham Guest was appointed assistant curator on Janu-
ary 1, 1922, and Mr. Carl W. Bishop associate curator, April 9, 1922.
Miss Guest sailed for Europe on June 24, 1922, to represent the
Freer Gallery at the double centennial meeting of the Société Asia-

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 19

tique de Paris, and to study European collections of oriental art,
especially ceramics.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY.

The material culture and ceremonials of the American Indian
are being modified so rapidly through contact with the white race
that it is imperative for the bureau to make every effort to record
all possible data bearing on the aboriginal Indian culture. The de-
sirability of preserving this material so that accurate knowledge
of this interesting and vanishing race may be available for future
generations is evident. Another important line of endeavor is the
excavating and repairing of prehistoric Indian dwellings. These
ancient ruins are the object of great popular as well as scientific
interest, and it is the aim of the chief of the bureau to continue
this archeological phase of the work in so far as funds will permit.

A new line of investigation has opened up for the bureau dur-
ing the year, namely, the study of the material culture, and espe-
cially the architecture of the houses, of the aborigines of Alaska.
The early villages of the Alaskan Indians have in many cases been
deserted in the exodus to the canning factories, and the totem poles
and villages which are rapidly being destroyed by the elements
should be preserved in the immediate future so that they will not be
lost forever. During the spring of 1922, Dr. T. T. Waterman con-
ducted for the bureau an extended reconnaissance of the situation,
bringing back many interesting data and photographs. It is in-
tended to continue the work next year with a larger appropriation.

The work in the field and in the office of the individual members
of the staff is reviewed somewhat in detail in Appendix 4 of this
report, so that it will be necessary here only to give an idea of the
scope of the work. The chief continued his successful archeo-
logical field work on the Mesa Verde National Park, Colo., bring-
ing to light a most interesting and instructive ruin which he has
named “ Pipe Shrine House” on account of the numerous tobacco
pipes found on a shrine in the kiva of this ruin. He also excavated
and repaired Far View. Tower, a round structure 10 feet high,
which was probably used for observations of the position of the
sun on the horizon at sunrise and sunset, in order to determine the
time for planting and other dates important for an agricultural
people.

The chief also visited the three groups of towers in Utah which ©
he has recommended for the Hovenweep National Monument, and
determined the exact situation of these ruins as a preliminary to
a presidential proclamation setting aside this area as a national
monument.

20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

Dr. John R. Swanton continued work on his dictionaries of the
Hitchiti and Alabama languages. Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt devoted
his time to a number of Chippewa and Ottawa texts, and in con-
tinuing the preparation of the second part of his work on Iro-
quoian Cosmology, the first part of which has already been pub-
lished by the bureau. Mr. Francis La Flesche completed and
turned in during the year the manuscript of the second volume of
his publication on The Osage Tribe. Dr. Truman Michelson car-
ried on field work among the Fox Indians of Lowa, paying special
attention to the linguistic relations of this and neighboring tribes.
Mr. J. P. Harrington completed his bulletin on the Kiowa language
and conducted field work among the Indians of the Chumashan
area of California, laying special emphasis on the place names,
material culture, and language.

Under the head of special researches, the chief of the bureau
describes the work of Miss Frances Densmore on Indian music.
During the year she recorded songs among the Yuma, Cocopa, and
Yaqui tribes, making a total of nine tribes among whom this work
has been done. Mr. W. E. Myer investigated Indian sites in South
Dakota and western Missouri known to have been occupied by the
Omahas and Osages in early historic times after they had come
in contact with the whites but before they had been changed thereby
to any considerable extent.

Several other interesting special researches are reviewed in the
appendix on the bureau, among them field work by Mr. D. I.
Bushnell, Jr., on the Cahokia mounds in Illinois; by Mr. B. S. Guha,
among the Utes and the Navaho at Towoac, Colo., and Shiprock,
N. Mex.; and by Mr. John L. Baer on pictographie rocks in the
Susquehanna River.

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES.

During the year the number of packages of scientific and gov-
ernmental publications sent abroad and received from foreign coun-
tries totaled 592,600 pounds. Although these figures show a de-
crease from the previous year, on account of the fact that ship-
ments to Germany were resumed during that year and most of the
material accumulated during the war was sent out, nevertheless
there is an increase of 41,490 packages over the number sent out
in 1914, the last year before the World War, showing that there
is a steady growth in the work of the International Exchange
service.

Exchange relations were reopened during the year with Ru-
mania and Yugoslavia, the agencies im these countries being, re-
spectively, the Institutul Meteorological Central at Bukharest, and
the Académie Royale Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Belgrade.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Dake

Relations were established also with the newly formed Governments
of Esthonia, Far Eastern Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukrainia.
Conditions in Russia and Turkey are not yet sufficiently settled to
warrant the exchange of publications previously carried on between
the United States and these countries.

The number of boxes shipped abroad during the year was larger
than ever before, due largely to the opening of exchange relations
with Yugoslovia and certain of the independent Russian States,
the material for these countries having accumulated here for sev-
eral years.

The regular schedule of shipments to foreign countries was re-
sumed during the year. To Great Britain and Germany, shipments
are made weekly; to France and Italy, semimonthly; and to other
countries, monthly.

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK.

The past year has been one of the most successful since the estab-
lishment of the park. The number of visitors exceeded 2,000,000;
the collection of animals is larger and more important than ever
before; a number of minor improvements have been completed and
progress made on certain larger projects; and the reservation itself
has been maintained in excellent condition. That the popularity
of the park as a source of recreation and instruction continues
unabated is shown by the fact that for the third consecutive year
the attendance has exceeded 2,000,000, and its increasing value as
a supplement to school-room instruction in natural history is demon-
strated by the 205 schools and classes visiting the park during the
year, with a total of 13,585 individuals.

The total number of animals on exhibition at the close of the year
was 1,681, representing 482 species of mammals, birds, and reptiles.
This is not only a larger number of individual animals than ever
shown before, but also a larger number of different species. Among
the 656 accessions received during the year, 217 were gifts. Among
these may be mentioned two important collections from South
America, one made by Dr. William M. Mann on the Mulford Bio-
logical Explorations of the Amazon Basin and presented by the
H. K. Mulford Co. of Philadelphia, the other made by Mr. W. J.
La Varre, jr., and presented by him. These two collections con-
tain several species of South American monkeys and birds never
before shown at the park. One hundred and fifty mammals, birds,
and reptiles were born in the park during the year.

Under the heading of improvements the report of the superin-
tendent mentions a large project of grading, leveling, and filling in
the west central part of the park, which was practically completed

22 _ ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

during the year. This work makes available for the exhibition of
hoofed animals a large area of comparatively level ground. Also it
will be possible to greatly improve the main automobile road through
the park. Extensive repairs were completed on the antelope house
and the older bear dens. Three large outdoor cages were built for
certain birds, and many minor repairs were completed during the
year. The most urgent need of the park is now a suitable restaurant
building to accommodate the greatly increased crowds of visitors.
The present small building is in bad condition and is entirely in-
adequate to meet the needs of the public. <A suitable building could
be erected, using lumber in the possession of the park and employing
the regular park force, for about $20,000. Another urgent need is
for a new bird house, the old building, erected many years ago as a
temporary relief, being in a very bad state of repair. Moreover, there
is not sufficient space for the very valuable and interesting collection
of birds and there is far too little room for visitors in the public
aisles.

ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY.

The outstanding feature of the year’s work was the publication
of Volume IV of the Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, a
quarto volume of 390 pages, which covers in detail the work of the
years 1912 to 1920. New instruments and methods of observing are
described and a mass of solar observations is presented and dis-
cussed. Many kinds of evidence are given to show the solar vari-
ability, and reference is made to applications of the results which
have been made by several meteorologists.

The observing station erected on Mount Harqua Hala, Ariz.,
through the generosity of Mr. John A. Roebling, has been much
improved, owing to the zeal of Mr. A. F. Moore, in charge of the
station. Solar constant observations were made on upward of 70 per
cent of the days of the year. Comparisons made during and after
a visit by the director show no change in the scale of pyrheliometry,
so that the results from this station are comparable with those at
Montezuma, Chile. Earlier in the year the director visited the
station at Montezuma, where he revised all the adjustments of appa-
ratus and some of the methods employed there.

In June the director and Mr. L. B. Aldrich proceeded to the
Smithsonian station on Mount Wilson, Calif., where a beginning
was made toward installing new “solar constant” apparatus to re-
place that removed to the new Arizona station in 1920. By antici-
pation it may be said that later results were secured on the dis-
tribution of energy in the spectra of 11 of the brighter stars by
bolometric work in connection with the hundred-inch telescope, and

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 23

also that the solar-energy curve was traced bolometrically with both
glass and rock-salt prisms. The solar cooking apparatus on Mount
Wilson referred to in previous reports suffered the loss of the cover
of the oil reservoir through a high wind, and snow having gotten
in, much water had leaked into the oil reservoir. It proved im-
possible to remedy this condition soon enough to undertake the
proposed new experiments before the expedition returned to Wash-
ington in September.

In order to get the opinions of competent critics as es the value
of the Smithsonian solar radiation measurements, the director wrote
to the American representatives of the International Astronomical
Union as follows:

It is the intention of the Smithsonian Institution to continue daily observa-
tions at Mount Harqua Hala and Montezuma certainly until July, 1923, at
which time it is proposed to consider the state of the work and the results
reached with a view to deciding whether it is worth while to continue daily
observations of the variability of the sun indefinitely or whether the usefulness
of that work is unequal to the trouble and expense involved.

An expression of opinion on the part of those interested in the subject
would be of great value to the Smithsonian Institution in making this decision.

At a meeting in Washington the American representatives unani-
mously indorsed the work of the observatory, and later at Rome
the international representatives passed a resolution expressing the
same opinion. In, view of these impartial indorsements of the
work, it is a pleasure to announce that Mr. John A. Roebling has
made it possible to assure the continuation of the solar constant
stations at Harqua Hala and Montezuma until July, 1925. By that
time it will doubtless be evident from the data obtained whether they
should be continued longer.

A movement is under’ way in Australia to establish a solar obsery-
ing station there similar to the Smithsonian stations. The Meteoro-
logical Service of Argentina is also proposing to equip its station
at La Quiaca for solar observations, and it is expected that during
the next fiscal year two sets of solar constant apparatus will be pre-
pared for the Australian and Argentine stations.

INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC
LITERATURE.

In the statement last year regarding the International Catalogue
of Scientific Literature reference was made to the very apparent
need of cooperation between organizations publishing abstracts to
-scientific literature and the International Catalogue. This year in
the annual report of the United States regional bureau suggestions
are made for an even greater consolidation of bibliographical inter-
ests. Although the combination of interests suggested would make

24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

a very large organization, there is nothing new or radical in the pro-
posed move; it is simply an attempt to harmonize numerous plans
and suggestions, all of which aim to supply aids to investigators
and students in the at present difficult task of finding the published
records of what has been done in the various fields of research.

The need of prompt and reliable aid is keenly apparent, and while
in some subjects satisfactory aids are available in others they do
not exist.

It now appears that the organization of the International Cata-
logue of Scientific Literature may be kept in working condition,
although it is not yet possible to resume publication on account of
financial conditions. Pending the resumption of publication it is
felt that through the large number of regional agencies much con-
structive work may be done by using their influence and efforts in
bringing about cooperation among similar organizations dealing with
any of the subjects embraced within the scope of the International
Catalogue.

NECROLOGY.
JOHN A. ELSTON.

John A. Elston, Representative in the Congress from California
and Regent of the Smithsonian Institution since January 9, 1920,
died in December, 1921. Although a member of the Board of
Regents for such a brief period, Mr. Elston took a real and active
interest in the affairs of the Institution.

JOSEPH B. LEAVY.

Joseph B. Leavy, philatelist in the National Museum since 1913,
died July 25, 1921, after a lingering illness. Mr. Leavy was edu-
cated at Columbia University, and later entered into business, in
which he continued for several years. He served in the Army during
the Spanish War.

To him is due the credit for the excellent installation of the large
collection of stamps in the Museum, which includes specimens of all
new issues sent to the Post Office Department from various foreign
Governments.

JAMES MOONEY.

James Mooney, ethnologist in the Bureau of American Ethnology,
died on December 22, 1921. Mr. Mooney was born in Indiana in
1861, and became associated with the bureau in 1885, shortly after
its organization by Major Powell. He remained a member of the
staff from that time until his death.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 25

Mr. Mooney was very widely read regarding the history of the
aborigines north of Mexico, being equaled by few perhaps in this
particular field. His information was most extensive, however, re-
garding the Indians of the southeastern woodlands and the Great
Plains, and he was the leading authority on one tribe in each area,
the Cherokee and the Kiowa. Several of Mr. Mooney’s investigations
published by the bureau are standard works in their special field.

He was one of the founders of the American Anthropological As-
sociation, a member and ex-president of the Anthropological Society
ef Washington, and a member of the Mississippi Valley Historical
Association. Mr. Mooney’s death brings to a premature close a not-
able scientific career.

THOMAS F. HANEY.

Thomas F. Haney, preparator in the National Museum for over
28 years, died October 8, 1921. During his service for the Museum,
Mr. Haney constructed many difficult large-size models illustrating
the occurrence, mining, and manufacture of various mineral re-
sources. His skill and minutely detailed work in this field of educa-
tional exhibits will be greatly missed.

Yi ANDREW L., FANT.

Andrew L. Fant, watchman, a faithful and efficient employee in
the National Museum since 1893 and lieutenant of the watch force
since 1903, died on October 6, 1921.

Respectfully submitted.

Cuartes D. Waucort, Secretary.

APPENDIX 1.
REPORT ON THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera-
tions of the United States National Museum for athe fiscal year ns
June 30, 1922.

The year, a busy one, was marked by the multiplicity of activities,
and advancement is shown in a number of directions, As set forth
in the last report, the Museum is receiving practically the same ap-
propriation that it did 11 years ago, in spite of increased scope, addi-
tional collections, and advanced cost of all material and labor neces-
sary to its maintenance. That the Museum attains the fine results
recorded from year to year is owing, in large measure, to the personal
qualities of the members of its staff, to whom much credit is due.

The organization and staff of the Museum have undergone no note-
worthy changes; policy and plans have remained opportunistic in
the absence of funds to enable them to be considered in advance.

Of prime importance this year was the receipt and installation
of the Herbert Ward collection of sculptures of African natives
and of African ethnological specimens. Like the bequest of James
Smithson to the United States, this gift from a British subject to
the American people is unique and deserves mention also as a won-
derful representation of the native dignity of an aborginal race,
typical of all aborigines. Its installation is noteworthy as marking
an advance in the display of such objects. .

A beginning was made under the terms of the will of Dr. Morris
Loeb for the establishment of the Loeb collection of chemical types
in the National Museum. This collection forms a separate entity in
the department of arts and industries. An advisory committee
cooperates in its management, consisting of Dr. C. L. Alsberg, chair-
man; Dr. Victor Lenher, Mr. James K. Senior, Dr. Gi C. Spencer,
representing the Bureau of Chemistry of the Department of Agri-
culture; and Mr. F. L. Lewton, representing the Museum and in
charge of the collection.

The two specially constructed storage cabinets were received from
the Chemists’ Club of New York City, and a portion of the original
material of each of seven new chemical compounds, discovered and
prepared in the Department of Agriculture, were transferred to the |

26

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. oF

Loeb collection. The members of the committee have offered to
solicit additional original chemical material for the series. Ar-
rangements were made with trade journals for advance notice of the
publication of new chemical compounds, in order to facilitate prompt
solicitation.

Steps were taken to have greater use made of the facilities af-
forded Washington by the National Museum. Through arrange-
ments with the authorities of the public schools of the District of
Columbia the Museum, when notified in advance, furnishes expert
guidance by a member of its staff to scholars and teachers visiting
its halls. In some instances such visits have resulted in further
work along similar lines after the return to their school buildings
and on several occasions have been followed by talks to the students
in their classrooms by members of the staff of the Museum. Through
cooperation with the Wild Flower Preservation Society of America,
the Audubon Society of the District of Columbia, and the American
Forestry Association, the Museum arranged a series of six Saturday
morning lectures in the auditorium of the Museum for honor pupils
of the seventh and eighth grades of the public schools, and the
American Forestry Association awarded blue ribbons for the best
bird houses submitted by the pupils.

The schools of Washington, in common with the higher educa-
tional establishments of the country, have long shared the benefits
of the duplicate specimens distributed by the Museum for educa-
tional purposes, and this year was no exception. :

The value of the Museum to the commercial interests of the Na-
tional Capital, as well as to its educational interests, was demon:
strated by a series of lectures by the curator of textiles given to
several groups of employees handling textiles in one of the large
department stores of the city, who, at the solicitation of their firm.
came to the Museum during business hours for the purpose.

The influence of the Museum in education is being felt outside
its immediate vicinity, through the large delegations of students
visiting it annually, often as part of their courses of instruction, and
also through its assistance in the preparation of textbooks. Photo-
graphs and essential data of the exhibits pertaining to the mineral
industries were supplied to the Pennsylvania State Board of Edu-
cation, and to other inquirers.

President Harding, on October 24, 1921, under authority of the
legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation bill for the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1913, directed the Bureau of Efficiency to pre- |
scribe a uniform system of employeé ratings for all departments,
and requested the heads of the departments to put the system into
effect. Ratings were first to be established for employees engaged

28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

in clerical or routine work, such as clerks, stenographers, book-
keepers, messengers, and skilled laborers, and afterwards to be ex-
tended to employees engaged in professional, scientific, technical,
administrative, or executive work, or any other work involving
for the most part original or constructive effort. This was inauyu-
rated by a survey of all the positions existing in the Museum on
November 15, 1921, carefully prepared and submitted to the Bareau
of Efficiency. An initial report on the efficiency of each employee
was made dating May 15, 1922, and similar reports are to be made
every six months hereafter. The installation of this system added
considerably to the duties of the officials of the Museum.

The changing of the system of keeping Government accounts, to
make the items of expenditure identical in all Government offices,
whether large or small, likewise, temporarily at least, added to the
work this year in the administrative office. Efforts were also made
toward unifying other business methods of the Government offices
generally, as to the handling of supplies, traffic matters, ete.

BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT.

The National Museum completely occupies two large and two small
buildings, besides considerable space in two other structures. The
combined floor space is approximately 670,000 square feet. To keep
these buildings in repair requires all the available appropriation,
so that radical changes in arrangements, however much needed, are
almost impossible. This year by the removal of one partition and
the erection of another, two small exhibition halls were added to the
floor space for the display of specimens in the Arts and Industries
Building, though the storage space was correspondingly diminished.
Other repairs consisted, as usual, of repainting of walls and ceilings
in places where most needed, the replacing of certain worn-out floors,
and repairs to roofs, gutters, etc. The hot-water heating system was
extended to the concrete building in the east court of the Natural
History Building, replacing the temporary heating arrangements
installed there when the structure was erected during the World War.

In the Natural History Building a thorough investigation was
made of the dome and the great piers supporting it. The slight
displacement of the stone arches which span the piers, the opening
of joints at the end of the balustrades under these arches and in the
fourth-story floor at the ends of the piers, have been brought about
by a movement at the upper end of the piers, doubtless caused by the
eccentric application of the weight of the dome. The piers are
fully braced by a large number of steel beams to the walls of the
building and, since the walls are successfully resisting the pressure
from the piers, the movement of the latter, it is believed, will

t

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 29

probably not proceed much farther. Careful observations and
measurements will, however, be made at intervals of a few months
to determine if any further displacement occurs.

By the acquisition of 37 exhibition cases and 116 pieces of storage,
laboratory, and office furniture, there were on hand at the close of
the year 3,679 exhibition cases and 11,572 pieces of storage, labora-
tory, office, and other furniture, besides 83,500 drawers, trays, boxes,

and wing frames.
COLLECTIONS.

The total number of specimens acquired by the Museum during
the year was approximately 359,676. Additional material to the
extent of 995 lots, chiefly geological, was received for special exam-
ination and report. Nearly 20,000 specimens were lent to special-
ists for study, mainly on behalf of the Museum, and about 33,000
specimens were sent out in exchange, for which the Museum re-
ceived valuable material. Over 10,000 duplicate specimens were
used as gifts to educational establishments. Of these nearly half
were contained in regular sets of labeled material previously pre-
pared for shipment, and the remainder comprised specially selected
lots to meet particular cases. The duplicates were chiefly fossil
invertebrates, minerals, and ores, material illustrating rock weather-
ing and soil formation, miscellaneous geological material, mollusks,
and marine invertebrates, with smaller lots of specimens from the
collections of insects, mammals, fishes, birds, archeology, ethnology,
textiles, physical anthropology, and wood technology.

Anthropology.—Collections in unusual number and of scientific
value were received by the department. of anthropology. Especially
worthy of praise is the Herbert Ward African collection, hereto-
fore mentioned, given to the Museum by Mrs. Herbert Ward.
This collection, forming one of the most important ethnological
units in the world, was begun by Herbert Ward in Africa during
the first great period of exploitation by Livingstone and Stanley.
It consists of 2,700 specimens of African ethnologica and is illus-
trated by 19 superb sculptures in bronze by Mr. Ward. The whole
collection is displayed to advantage in the halls of ethnology in
the Natural History Building.

Through the friendly offices of the Archeological Society of
Washington, the division of American archeology received a large
collection of the brilliant ancient pottery from the ruins of Casas
Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico. The remarkable aboriginal ceramics
collected by Dr. J. Walter Fewkes in the neighboring region, the
Mimbres Valley, N. Mex., were placed on public view. From the
National Geographic Society’s expedition in Chaco Canyon, N.

16984—22 3

30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

Mex., conducted by Mr. Neil M. Judd, considerable material was
forwarded.

An ornate gilt bronze statue of Buddha from the Imperial Palace
at Peking, containing rolls of inscribed prayers, was received by
the division of Old World archeology from Maj. Murray Warner
through Mrs. Gertrude Bass Warner, of Eugene, Oreg.

Mr. Hugo Worch has added a number of pianos to his collection,
and especially noteworthy is a magnificent gilt harpischord made
by Pleyel, Paris, France. The collection of violins bequeathed to
the Museum under the terms of the will of Dwight J. Partello
was lost to the Museum, as it was found that through a previous
bill of sale the collection belonged to one of his daughters.

In art textiles mention should be made of a collection of speci-
mens of lace of high class, a permanent deposit by Miss Emily
G. Storrow. In ceramics a selection of American art pottery was
supplied for the exhibit of the National Gallery of Art.

A special exhibit of tiles made in the United States and assem-
bled by the Associated Tile Manufacturers to illustrate the result
of 44 years’ development of an American industry was shown
from May 16 to June 20, 1922, in two rooms off the foyer in the
Natural History Building.

Biology—F rom the numerical standpoint the collections of the
department of biology show less uniform and healthy growth than
during the fiscal year 1921. The actual number of specimens re-
ceived, 318,950, represents, it is true, an increase over the previous
year, but this increase is only 67,437, while the year 1921 showed
an increase of no less than 114,/20 over its predecessor.

Together with the decrease in relative increment has gone a gen-
eral decrease in the scientific importance of the new accessions.
Three curators regard this importance as increased over that of
the previous year’s accessions, but only one of these (insects) feels
called upon to express enthusiasm. Of the six others five report
essentially stationary conditions and one (fishes) a falling off. —

The great outstanding feature among this year’s accessions is
the collection of about 100,000 insects of all orders, made by Dr.
William M. Mann in South America, chiefly in eastern Bolivia.
In Alaska another unusually important collection of insects was
obtained by Dr. John M. Aldrich. The final consignment of Mr.
Hoy’s Australian material (mostly vertebrates) presented, by Dr.
William L. Abbott, brings the important and successful Australian
expedition to a close.

The National Herbarium through cooperation with the pee
ment of Agriculture acquired the very large private herbarium of
Dr. Otto Buchtien of over 45,000 specimens, rich in material from

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. ol

Bolivia, Chile, and Paraguay, the Bolivian flora being particularly
well represented.

Many other smaller collections were received, including mammals
from Alberta and plants from British Columbia collected by Sec-
retary and Mrs. Walcott.

The work of remedying defects in the biological exhibition has
been practically confined to the mammal halls. Good progress has
been made in routine curatorial and preparatorial work in the
various collections, but everywhere this work is suffering from the
insufficiency of space and of personnel.

Geology.—A satisfactory increase in the geological collections is
noted, although the accessions number slightly less than last year,
217, with an aggregate of 23,504 specimens being recorded.

Valuable additions were made to the collections of Bolivian tin
and tungsten ores by Mr. F. L. Hess; rich examples of carnotite and
hewettite, the best thus far found in the United States, were acquired
through the generosity of the Standard Chemical Co., Naturita,
Colo.; and large uranophane-bearing sandstone specimens were pre-
sented by Mr. John J. Bonner, Lusk, Wyo. Gold nuggets, eight in
number, the largest weighing 44 ounces, from the Maxwell Land
Grant, N. Mex., were donated by Dr. Frank Springer, and Hon.
Holm O. Bursum presented examples of torbernite, a radium-bearing
niuneral from White Signal, N. Mex. Other gifts to the economic
collections include examples of diamond-bearing rock from Pike
County, Ark., and slabs of building stones supplied by various
dealers.

The most notable addition to the meteorite collection is the mag-
‘nificent mass of iron from Owens Valley, Calif., gift of Mr. Lincoln
Ellsworth, New York City. Examples of other falls and finds, 10
in number, either new to the collection or hitherto poorly represented,
were acquired chiefly through exchanges.

The mineral collections were benefited through gifts which in-
clude at least three exhibition specimens. Large fine crystals of
colemanite, donated by Mr. W. 8. Russell, Los Angeles, an attractive
specimen of cuprite showing deep red crystals on native copper, by
Dr. R. O. Hall, San Jose, Calif., and a zoned rhodenite of unusual
form, by Col. Washington A. Roebling, Trenton, N. J., are notable
among these. Valuable foreign minerals were acquired through
exchange; type materials were transferred by the United States
Geological Survey; a series showing the effect of radium rays on
the color of minerals, beryl crystals from Brazil, and examples of
nesquehonite, demantoid garnet, and other forms from Italy were
acquired by purchase; and interesting collections were made in the
field by the assistant curator. Gems of beauty and value have _
been added to the Isaac Lea collection through its endowment fund,

32 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

including a series of uncut diamonds from the mines of the Arkansas ~
Diamond Corporation, Murfreesboro, Ark.; a unique cut gem of
orthoclase from Madagascar; a blue zircon from Australa; and a
series of fresh-water pearls from the rivers of the Mississippi Valley.
A number of individual gifts are also recorded.

Paleontological material was received from Mexico, Central and
South America, India, and several European localities, these being
chiefly Mesozoic and Cenozoic, while numerous collections from
Paleozoic rocks of the United States and Canada were made by the
curator or presented by interested friends. Unusually well pre-
served cetacean remains obtained in the Miocene deposits along
Chesapeake Bay; valuable reptilian material acquired by exchanges;
skulls and bones of extinct buffaloes, presented by the John A.
Savage Co., Crosby, Minn.; and remains of the Beresovka mam-
moth, are among the notable accessions of vertebrate material.

Mineral and mechanical technology.—In the division of mineral
technology attention was confined entirely to a more permanent
and complete arrangement of the exhibits already on hand, and
new material consisted chiefly of photographic transparencies which
were installed in the respective exhibits to which they referred.
Apart. from this work, the division was chiefly engaged in coopera-
tive educational work with the Pennsylvania State Board of Edu-
cation through Mr. Samuel S. Wyer, of Columbus, Ohio. The
plans of the State Educational Board call for revision of the sey-
enth-grade geography course to include the study of the State’s
mineral resources. The extent of the civision’s cooperation may
be judged from the fact that it has supphed a considerable amount
of the data for text and illustrations from the models of the many
mineral industries exhibited in the Museum.

The division of mechanical technology was extremely busy, pri-
marily, in regrouping its collections and rearranging objects in the
collections so as to tell a story rather than merely represent a
period in development, in an endeavor to impress the student with
the significance of the material rather than its mere existence;
and, secondarily, through the receipt of over 100 per cent more
objects than were received the preceding year. In the line of
special investigations, those inaugurated last year, particularly with
regard to the developments in aeronautical engineering, were con-
tinued.

Textiles, wood technology, foods, and medicine——The collections
under the supervision of the curator of textiles, which, besides
textiles, embrace wood technology, food, medicine, and miscellaneous
organic products, were increased by many gifts and by transfer
and loan of property from other Government bureaus amounting
to nearly 3,000 objects. The most important of these are as follows:

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 33

From the Department of Commerce, several hundred specimens
of industrial raw materials not heretofore represented in the col-
lections, which had been sent to the department by American con-
sular offices and trade commissioners for the purpose of encourag-
ing foreign commerce. There were added by gift beautiful speci-
mens of silks, fur fabrics, and drapery textiles contributed by
American manufacturers to show the progress of textile industries
in this country.

To the collections arranged to show the importance of wood and
the industries based upon the use of that raw material, there were
added two series of specimens illustrating the manufacture and use
of sulphite wood pulp for writing papers, one showing in detail
the steps in the process. and the other the exact quantities of each
ingredient entering into 100 pounds of finished paper; also exhibits
showing the importance and uses of American walnut, many ex-
amples of articles turned from wood, and specimens of laminated
wood wheels for motor vehicles.

The collections in the division of medicine were enlarged by ex-
tensive series of specimens showing the manufacture of surgical
dressings, pills, plasters, surgical ligatures, and clinical thermome-
ters; specimens of essential oils and related aromatic substances;
important alkaloids and alkaloidal salts used in medicine; and a
series of charts showing the treatment of rabies, typhoid fever, and
whooping cough.

Graphic arts—The specimens acquired in the division, while less
than half in number, are still fully as important, artistically and
technically, as the 1920-21 specimens. The most important indi-
vidual gift was that of the sixteenth century methods of making
type, in which all the specimens were made by or prepared:by Mr.
Dard Hunter, Chilhcothe. Ohio. Mr. Hunter himself made the
punches, struck the matrices, and cast the type. This is one of a
series consisting of printer's ink, paper, and type making, which,
with the promised modern methods of type making, will be about
complete. Several gifts combined have greatly improved both the
technical and historical series of collotype. The Campbell Art Co.,
of Elizabeth, N. J., gave a valuable and instructive technical exhibit
of color printing, and beautiful examples of the process were also
furnished by Foster Bros., of Boston, the Medici Society of America
(Inc.), and by Rudolf Lesch, of New York City. These are ex-
amples of the finest collotype work being produced to-day, and
make an excellent showing of this process of photomechanical re-
production. A new process for reprinting books has been developed
by the Polygraphie Co., of Berne. Switzerland, who donated a com-
plete exhibit. In this so-called Manul process the negative is ob-

34 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

tained upon a sheet of very thin paper without the use of a camera
or lens.

The series of pictorial photographs collected this year, over 100
in number, is a very important collection of artistic photography
representing 17 of the foremost pictorial photographers of the
world. The successful collection of this material was largely due
to efforts and suggestions of Mr. Floyd Vail, of the New York
Camera Club. The gift by Maj. Murray Warner through Mrs.
Gertrude Bass Warner of 42 autochromes, the work of Major
Warner, deserves mention, as they preserve the wonderful color
schemes of the Panama-Pacific Exposition, as well as being fine
specimens. A loan from Mr. Earle W. Huckel, of Philadelphia, of
several. printed books contains one dated 1497, Theology, by Lock-
mayer, which is the earliest book in the division; also a beautiful
book from the famous Moretus Press dated 1696. The most beau-
tiful example of presswork and typography shown is a copy of The
Well at the World’s End, printed by William Morris at the Kelm-
scott Press in 1896:

Many small and individual objects have augmented various
series, adding to their extent and beauty, as, for example, two beau-
tiful water colors by Mr. W. H. Holmes, Director of the National
Gallery of Art, and a black and white original, loaned by Franklin
Booth.

One hundred photographs of snow crystals, by Mr. W. A. Bent-
ley, form a valuable addition to the technical collections. A
notable loan exhibit of artistic photography, the work of Mr.
Floyd Vail, was shown for two months and attracted much at-
tention. ;

History.—During the past fiscal year, the historical collections
have received a number of additions of more than usual interest
and importance. These include the following: The American flag,
which, after receiving military honors in the Sorbonne in the
presence of President Poincaré, was flown with a French flag at
the summit of the Eiffel Tower and saluted with 101 guns, April
22, 1917, in celebration of the entry of the United States into the
World War on the side of the Allies. This flag was presented by
the French ambassador, M. Jusserand, to President Harding at
the White House on Decoration Day, May 30, 1922, and deposited
in the Museum by the President. A series of very handsome silk
American flags, presented to Gen. John J. Pershing in recognition
of his services as commander-in-chief of the American Expedition-
ary Forces in France during the World War and loaned to the
Museum by him. Two sectional relief maps of northern France,
one made of papier-maché and one of plaster, presented by Mar-
shal Haig and Marshal Petain, respectively, to the Hon. Medill

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 39

McCormick, and by him presented to the Museum. The first of —
these consists of eight sections, 22 by 27 inches in size, showing
when united the territory bordering the British battle front from
Dunkirk to Amiens. The second consists of 111 sections, each 19
by 25 inches, and shows the region of the French front from
Vermand to Courgenay, in great detail. Another relief map of
much importance is one received from the United States Marine
Corps, showing the region about Belleau Wood. The numismatic
collections relative to the World War have been increased by a
number of examples of the medals and decorations issued in the
United States and European countries during the war.

The original historical collections have been increased by a sword
carried during the War of the Revolution by General Washington, a
cane bequeathed to him by Benjamin Franklin, and a sword owned
by Gen. Andrew Jackson. These three objects were transferred to
the Museum from the Department of State by joint resolution of
Congress approved February 28, 1922. From the same department
by transfer was received the small writing desk used by Thomas
Jefferson when he drafted the Declaration of Independence in Phil-
adelphia in 1776, which bears a memorandum in his own hand at-
testing to its history. A single addition was made during the year
to the collection of costumes worn by the mistresses of the White
House. This was the dress worn by Mrs. Andrew Jackson, jr., on
the occasion of a reception given at the White House in her honor
in 1831, and lent to the Museum by Mrs. Rachel Jackson Lawrence,
of the Hermitage Association.

Work on the collections —The care and preservation of the collec-
tions require a large proportion of the energies and time of the
scientific staff and present many difficulties to be surmounted. In
ethnology, the installation of the Herbert Ward collection led to a
recasting of the African collection generally. The conditions ham-
pering the development of the biological exhibition since the later
years of the World War have continued, making it impossible to
do more than remedy special defects as opportunity presented.. A
general overhauling of the unmounted larger cetacean material has
placed this series in a condition to be used for the first time in many
years. Commendable progress is reported in the care of the geologi-
eal collections, though comparatively few new exhibits were in-
stalled.

The assignment of the entire east gallery of the Arts and In-
dustries Building for the use of the division of medicine necessi-
tated a complete rearrangement of all the cases and the installation
of a number of new exhibits. In the division of mechanical tech-
nology a complete inventory was made of the collections, the Museum
catalogues as far back as 1876 being carefully examined and checked

36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

with the specimens. The collections of graphic arts on display in
the Smithsonian Building were rearranged so that exhibits of a
kind, both historical and technical, are located near together for easy
examination.

The classification of the collections by members of the staff has
produced the usual amount of research work on the material in-
trusted to their care; and the usual generous cooperation of out-
siders has been of the utmost assistance in enhancing the scientific
value of the collections. The total number of papers by members
of the staff, or based partly or wholly on National Museum material
by outsiders, published during the year is 332.

EXPLORATIONS AND FIELD WORK.

From the standpoint of exploration and expeditions, the year just
completed shows very little improvement over 1920-21. The work
carried on by various other governmental agencies, particularly by
the United States Geological Survey, the Bureau of Fisheries, the
Biological Survey of the Department of Agriculture, and the Bureau
of American Ethnology has, as usual, resulted in important material
for the national collections. :

The number of expeditions contributing material to the depart-
ment of biology, according to the reports of curators, was 18, of
which no less than 10 were both financed and directed by outside
friends and correspondents, 7 were financed by others and partly
or wholly directed by members of the staff of the Museum, while
only 1 was entirely controlled by the Museum. In the department
of geology, extensive field work was confined.entirely to the division
of paleontology.

Besides the field work described here, a number of other expedi-
tions in which the Museum was interested are mentioned in the first
part of this report under the heading “ Explorations and researches.”

The work of Mr. Arthur de C. Sowerby in China, interrupted by
the World War, was resumed, a shipment of specimens from the
Province of Fukien being received. The expenses of this work are
met by Mr. Robert Sterling Clark, who generously contributes all
the material to the Museum. Special effort is being directed to
securing vertebrates from southern and other parts of China not
hitherto represented in the national collections.

Dr. William M. Mann, while attached to the Mulford Biological
Exploration of the Amazon Basin, collected a large number of insects
and some miscellaneous material of other kinds. This expedition
was organized by the H. K. Mulford Co., of Philadelphia, under the
direction of Dr. H. H. Rusby, chiefly for the purpose of studying
drug plants, but also for making general biological collections. By
invitation, Doctor Mann was attached as entomologist and assistant

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. > BY

director and during the last 3 of the 10 months of the expedition
was in charge, on account of the illness of Doctor Rusby.

Dr. Paul Bartsch continued his experiments in heredity on land
mollusks of the genus Cerion, under the joint auspices of the Smith-
sonian Institution and the Carnegie Institution, of Washington. He
has been working upon a survey of the distribution of the native
species in the Florida Keys. By the use of a seaplane, detailed for
the purpose by the Navy Department, Doctor Bartsch was able in
four days to fly at low altitude over the entire region and note on
charts all the visible grass plots—the habitat of the Cerions. It will
now be possible by means of the charts to examine the native colonies
without loss of time in locating them. Mr. John B. Henderson,
Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, made a rather hurried trip
to Jamaica to personally collect living specimens of the Helicid
genus Thysanophora for anatomical study toward a proposed mono-
graph of the group. This little expedition proved unusually success-
ful and of great benefit to the work in hand, as well as to the mollusk
collections.

Mr. Paul C. Standley carried on botanical exploration in Central
America, through cooperation with the Gray Herbarium, the New
York Botanical Garden, the Bureau of Plant Industry of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, and Mr. Oakes Ames, the latter being interested
in the orchids of this region. About five months were spent in EI
Salvador, and nearly a month in Guatemala. The collections, over
6,000 botanical specimens, will be divided among the contributing
institutions.

Another botanical expedition was in the field at the close of the
vear. Dr. F. W. Pennell, of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural
Sciences, accompanied by Mrs. Pennell, and Mr. E. P. Killip, of the
Museum, is conducting a six months’ exploration of western Colombia,
on behalf of the Gray Herbarium, the New York Botanical Garden,
the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, and the Museum.
Mr. Oakes Ames is contributing also to the expense of the expedition.
This is one of a series toward a complete study of the flora of north-
ern South America.

The biological expedition alluded to as the only one under the
exclusive control of the Museum was a trip to the interior of Alaska
undertaken by Dr. John M. Aldrich, associate curator of insects.
The Alaska Engineering Commission of the Department of the In-
terior furnished Doctor Aldrich with horses and their subsistence and
with transportation on the Alaskan Railroad. About 10,000 speci-
mens were collected, consisting mainly of Diptera and Hymenoptera.
with a fair number of Hemiptera.

The expedition of the Museum of the American Indian (Heye
Foundation) to New Mexico under Mr. F. W. Hodge furnished

38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

valuable skeletal material, as has been the case for several years
past. The exploration of Pueblo Bonito in the Chaco Canyon,
N. Mex., by the National Geographic Society under the direction of
Mr. Neil M. Judd during the summer of 1921 was largely prelimi-
nary. The exploration will be continued through a number of sea-
sons and the collections are to become the property of the National
Museum.

Early in the year Mr. F. W. Foshag collected minerals from
interesting cave deposits in the Grand Canyon, near Supai, Ariz.,
a project made possible through the courtesy of Mr. C. A. Heber-
lein, operating in the region. Mr. Foshag also made field trips to
southern California and Nevada in connection with research work
at the University of California, the results of which were likewise
added to the national collections.

Doctor Bassler spent his vacation in July, 1921, in geological field-
work in the central basin of Tennessee, under the auspices of the
Geological Survey of that State. The field offered such opportunities
that arrangements were made for another summer’s work in the
same general area. During the greater part of June, 1922, there-
fore Doctor Bassler, in company with Dr. E. O. Ulrich and Mr.
hk. D. Messler, of the United States Geological Survey, was occupied
in making stratigraphic sections and collecting fossils over the en-
tire central basin, an area of about 8,000 square miles. The ultimate
object of this work is the preparation of a monograph on the
stratigraphy and paleontology of Tennessee. On the completion
of his work in Tennessee, in 1921, Doctor Bassler proceeded to
Springfield, Ill, where casts of type specimens in the State museum
collections were made, in accordance with the department’s plan
to complete so far as possible the representation of type specimens
in the national collections. Through the courtesy of Mr. E. J.
Armstrong, of Erie, Pa., Doctor Bassler visited all the classical
Silurian and Devonian localities in northwestern Pennsylvania and
western New York during the latter part of September to obtain
field knowledge of the detailed geology and to collect carefully se-
lected sets of fossils illustrating the numerous formations of the
region. The work was highly successful, and the large collections
of Devonian fossils in the Museum concerning which exact strati-
graphic data have been lacking can now be determined and arranged
in necessary detail.

Dr. E. O. Ulrich, of the United States Geological Survey, spent
the summer of 1921 in continuation of his field researches on the
early Paleozoic rocks of eastern North America, and previous to
joining Doctor Bassler in Tennessee, as noted above, studied the
Silurian stratigraphy of Pennsylvania and Maryland. Mr. N. H.
Boss made several short trips collecting in the Miocene deposits

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 39

along the Chesapeake Bay, all of which were under the auspices of
the National Museum. These trips were unusually PROGRELINE in
the recovery of well-preserved cetacean remains.

Dr. George P. Merrill did a little work on his own initiative while
in Maine on a vacation, and Mr. Shannon on a two-day trip to
Port Deposit and Shadeiineo. Md., and Peach Bottom, Pa., visited
a number of commercial gr Aple falepar tale, and slate denice and
quarries:

MEETINGS, CONGRESSES, AND RECEPTIONS.

The Museum is seldom able to arrange regular lecture courses, but
it does diffuse much knowledye through the lectures and proceedings
of the various governmental, scientific, and educational agencies
using its meeting facilities. The auditorium and adjacent council
rooms afforded accommodations during the year for about 150 meet-
ings, covering a wide range of subjects.

The governmental agencies availing themselves of these opportuni-
ties included the State Department, the War Department, the Treas-
ury Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of
Labor, the fren deyartdental Social Hygiene Board, and the Federal
Power Commission. The scientific and technical groups included
the National Academy of Sciences, the National Research Council,
the American Relief Administration, the International Association
for Identification, the American Surgical Association, the American
Federation of Arts, the Wild Flower Preservation Society of
America, the National Association of Postmasters of the United
States, the National Association of Office Managers, the Liberty
Calendar Association of America, the George Washington Memorial
Association, the Committee on the Baird Memorial, the Organizing
Committee of the Nineteenth International Congress of Ameri-
canists, the Anthropological Society of Washington, the Archeo-
logical Society of Washington, the Audubon Society of the District
of Columbia, the Biological Society of Washington, the Chemical
Society of Washington, the Entomological Society of Washington,
the Federal Photographic Society, the Organization of Appointment
Clerks, the Philosophical Society of Washington, the Shakespeare
Society of Washington, and the Washington Academy of Sciences.
The educational and miscellaneous agencies included the American
University; the School of Foreign Service and the School of Medi-
cine of the Georgetown University; the Federation of Citizens Asso-
ciations; the General Federation of Women’s Clubs; the Potomac
Garden Club; the George Washington Post No. 1, American Legion;
the Matrons and Patrons Association of 1922, Order Eastern Star;
the Smithsonian branch of the Federal Employees Union No. 2; the

40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

Smithsonian Auxiliary of the District of Columbia Chapter of the
American Red Cross; and the Smithsonian Relief Association.

The Museum was the scene of several receptions, the first being
probably the largest, the most elaborate, and the most successful
affair of its kind ever held in the Museum. This was the reception
on November 23, 1921, by the city of Washington, through the Com-
missioners of the District of Columbia and a committee of citizens,
to the delegates to the International Conference for the Limitation
of Armament, when some 5,000 persons representing the official.
social, and business life of Washington showed respect to the dele-
gates to that conference.

On the evening of February 18, 1922, an informal reception and
private view of the collection of Chihuahua pottery, loaned to the
Museum by the Archeological Society of Washington was held in
the public exhibition halls on the first floor. This was preceded by
a lecture in the hall below by Dr. Hamilton Bell, on the Sculpture
of Japan, under the auspices of the Archeological Society.

Another reception, on April 24, formed part of the program of the
annual meeting of the National Academy of Sciences. This was in
honor of Dr. and Mrs. H. A. Lorentz, of Leiden, and followed a
lecture in the auditorium by Doctor Lorentz on Problems of Modern
Physics.

A function which brought to the Museum representatives of the
diplomatic corps and others was the formal presentation to the
American Nation, on March 1, of the Herbert Ward collection of
sculptures and African ethnology. In the northeast corner, first
story, of the Natural History Building, surrounded by the works of
her. gifted husband and his unrivaled collection illustrating the
handicrafts of the native African, the presentation was made by
Mrs. Ward, and the donation accepted by Vice President Coolidge
‘as chancellor of the Institution.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The publications issued by the Museum comprised 9 volumes and
78 separate papers. The Museum distribution of volumes and sepa-
rates to libraries and individuals aggregated 97,806 copies. This,
however, by no means indicates the number of its publications put in
circulation during the year, for one of the separates of the Proceed-
ings, on the Mosquitoes of the United States, issued in June, proved
so popular that the War and Navy Departments arranged through
the Superintendent of Documents for liberal distributions of the
paper, and the Bureau of Public Health reprinted it.

The library received 2,028 volumes and 4,185 pamphlets, mainly
through gifts and exchanges, bringing the Museum collection up to

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 4l

60,681 books and 95,594 pamphlets. Typewritten lists of original
articles appearing in scientific periodicals reaching the Institution
for the Smithsonian deposit at the Library of Congress have been
circulated among the head curators of the Museum for their informa-
tion and dissemination among the staff generally. There is a demand
from other Government departments and research organizations for
copies of these lists which the Museum is unable to supply, through
lack of mechanical equipment and assistants.

The number of visitors to the Natural History Building was

. 441,604; to the Arts and Industries Building, 262,151; to the Smith-

sonian Building, 83,384; and to the Aircraft Building, 46,380. All
the Museum exhibition halls are open free to the public every week-
day in the year. In addition those in the Natural History Building

are open every Sunday afternoon, and this year those in the Smith-

sonian Building were open on Sunday afternoons in April. All the
Museum offices and exhibition halls were closed, however, on Novem-
ber 11, 1921, on account of the burial of America’s unknown soldier.

Respectfully submitted.

W. ve C. Ravenen,
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary, in charge
United States National Museum.
Dr. Cuartes D. Watxcort,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENULX 2.
REPORT ON THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART.

Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the af-

fairs of the National Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30,
1922.
The second year of the existence of the National Gallery as a
separate administrative unit of the Smithsonian Institution closed
with substantial reasons for satisfaction with the progress made.
notwithstanding the fact that the accessions of art works fall short
of the average for a number of previous years. The activities of
the gallery continued in all essential respects in directions identical
with those of the preceding year, the personnel being limited to a
director and a secretary with clerical assistance, a guard, three
watchmen, two laborers, and two charwomen.

Full information regarding the inception and growth of the gal-
lery within the Institution and as a subsection of the department of
anthropology of the National Museum may be found in the report
of the secretary of the Institution for the preceding year, and more
especially in an earlier publication (Bulletin 70, U. S. National
Museum) prepared by former assistant secretary, Dr. Richard
Rathbun.

Although art was recognized as a legitimate field of activity in
the organization of the Institution, and on equal terms with science,
and although numerous paintings and other works were acquired as
the years passed, no special provision was made for their accommoda-
tion, space being assigned them in various places as the years passed.
and no special provision was made for adding to the collection by
purchase. Since the completion of the Natural History Building the
collections have found space in that building, finally occupying the
large central hall which was subdivided by screen partitions for
their accommodation. This resource has, however, reached its limit.
and additions accepted can find exhibition space only by storing
the less important works previously acquired. This condition is
most unfortunate since the inflow of gifts and bequests, upon which
the gallery depends for accessions, is governed largely by the char-
acter of the accommodations afforded.’ The vital importance of this
shortage of space will be appreciated when it is stated that the in-

42 :

‘REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 43

crease of art works by means of gifts and bequests to the Institu-
tion for the 10 years since appropriate exhibition space became
available in the new Natural History Building, ending June 30, 1921,
and aside from the rich accessions of the Freer gift, has averaged
in estimated money value upward of $500,000 per year. The year
just closed has fallen far short of that valuation, not exceeding
$10,000, a result due in part, at least, to a knowledge of the real con-
ditions on the part of such owners of collections as have reached the >
stage where the future of their accumulations has become a matter
of great concern.

The urgent need of a gallery building is thus strongly emphasized,
for it is apparent that should 10 years elapse before a building for
this purpose is erected, the loss due to delay will amount to several
times the cost of a building. Another consideration of great im-
portance is that the National Gallery is not limited in scope to paint-
ing and sculpture, but has confined its activities mainly to this nar-
row field because no space is available for assembling and displaying
the full range of art products. It is thus most important that Amer-
icans should begin to realize, as have all other civilized nations, the
great importance, tne inestimable value, of art as an agency in the
advancement to higher accomplishment in each and every branch of
activity in which taste is an essential feature. We are the only civil- |
ized nation that has not risen to a realization of the real value of art
and of the important functions of a National Gallery and that has
not, save in the limited appropriations granted in 1921 and 1922 to
the gallery fostered by the Smithsonian Institution, recognized art
save as the handmaid of history or as an essential of architectural
embellishment or landscape gardening. No important art work has,
for art’s sake pure and simple, ever been purchased with the approval
of the United States Government. The Nation has received as gifts
and bequests, art works amounting to more than ten millions in
money value, and has expended on their acquirement and care possi-
bly one two-hundredth part of that amount. The American people
should at once arise to a realization of the fact that unless gallery
space is provided for the accommodation of prospective additions,
this inflow of art works must practically cease. This would be a
national misfortune and a disaster to the Capital of the Nation.

ART WORKS ACQUIRED DURING THE YEAR.
GIFTS AND BEQUESTS.
Portrait of President Ulysses S. Grant (three-quarter length) by

Thomas Le Clear, N. A. (1818-1882), painted in 1880 or 1881. Gift
of Mrs. U.S. Grant, jr., of San Diego, Calif.

+4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

A large gravure reproduction of a portrait of Abraham Lincoln,
taken from Douglas Volk’s portrait of Lincoln painted from mem-
ory. Gift of Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution.

An oil painting entitled “The Signing of the Treaty of Ghent,”
by Sir A. Forestier, 1914. Presented to the Smithsonian Institution
for the American people by the Sulgrave Institution of Great Brit-
ain and the United States, through Mr. Barron Collier, and accepted
on behalf of the United States by Chief Justice William Howard
Taft. Deposited by the Smithsonian Institution.

A painting by Daniel Garber, N. A., entitled “ Tohickon,” pro-
vided by the Henry Ward Ranger bequest through the council of
the National Academy of Design, trustees of the fund.

Portrait of Edwin H. Harriman, being an artist’s proof etching,
one of 21 from the copper. Gift of Mrs. E. H,. Harriman, New
York City, through Dr. Charles D. Walcott.

Portrait bust (bronze) of Maj. Gen. George Owen Squier, Chief
Signal Officer, United States Army, by M. W. Daikaar. Gift of
General Squier.

LOANS,

Salutation (copy), by Albertinelli, and Holy Family (copy), by
Andrea del Sarto, and an erba or painting in vegetable colors en-
titled “ St. Anthony and the Lions,” by an old monastic painter of
the time of Fra Angelica and Fra Bartolommeo. Lent by the Rey.
F. Ward Denys, of Washington, D. C. Doctor Denys lent also a
Minton shield, two bronze reliefs of sacred subjects, and a small
landscape in oil, which he withdrew before the close of the year.

Mother and Children (Early Morning), by A. W. Bougereau
(1825-1905), and Sheep, by F. Brissot. Lent by Mr. and Mrs.
Walter Tuckerman, Edgemoor, Md.

Deer, by J. A. Oertel, signed 1856. Lent by Mr. Charles Town-
send Abercrombie Miller, of New York City.

Portrait of Abraham Lincoln, painted in 1865 by M. S. Nach-
trieb (1835-1913). Lent by Mr. Anton Heitmuller, of Washing- -
ton: D.C,

A series of 10 architectural drawings by Rossel Edward Mitchell,
showing the artist’s plan for furthering the International Historical
Museum. Lent by Rossel Edward Mitchell, of Washington, D. C.,
and withdrawn at the close of the special exhibition during Janu-
ary, 1922.

Forty-six paintings, comprising kakemonos and framed pictures
by Shunko Sugiura, of Tokyo, Japan. Lent by the artist and with-
drawn at the close of the special exhibition, from January 18 to 27,
1922.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 45

Series of 150 enlarged portraits in sepia, of Washington children,
by Underwood & Underwood, of Washington, D. C. Lent by Under-
wood & Underwood and withdrawn at the close of the special exhi-
bition, February 20 to March 5, 1922.

Plaster bas-relief portrait of Prof. Francis James Child, Scholar
(1825-1896), of Cambridge, Mass., executed in 1891 by Miss Leila
Usher. Lent by Miss Leila Usher, of Boston, Mass.

A collection of 100 etchings and water-color drawings by Fran-
cisco Gonzales Gamarra, of Lima, Peru, illustrating ancient Peru-
vian art, recent historical art, and current subjects. Lent by Mr.
Gamarra and withdrawn at the close of the special exhibition which
was open to the public during June, 1922.

Bronze bust of Enrico Caruso (1873-1921), by Joseph Anthony
Atchison; presented to the city of Washington for the Washington
Opera House. Lent by the sculptor on behalf of the Washington
Opera House.

Two old masters, Baptism of Christ by J. B. Tiepolo and a small
landscape by R. Wilson, were added to his loan collection by Mr.
Ralph Cross Johnson, as Washington, D. C.

A Moment’s Rest, a large painting by William E. Norton (1843-
1916), a realistic non letine of a team of four horses in charge of
two men and a boy resting a moment in the shadow of a boat’s hull
by the water’s edge while one of the men lights his pipe. Lent by
the artist’s daughters, Miss Gertrude M. Norton and Miss Florence
I. Norton, of New York City.

Twenty-two portraits in pastel, being a series of life-size groups
of Union and Confederate veterans of the Civil War, painted from
life by Walter Beck, of Brooklyn, N. Y., 50 years after the battle
of Appomattox; lent to the Smithsonian Institution by the artist
through Mr. Walter M. Grant, of New York City. Deposited by the
Institution. They are as follows:

MOSBY TRIPTYCH. ‘

1. Left panel:

1. Seated, left, Lieut. Fountain Beatty, Alexandria, Va.

2. Seated right, John Russel, scout, Berryville, Va.

3. Standing, Frank H. Rahm, Richmond, Va.
2. Central painting:

4, Left, Charles Grogan, Baltimore, Md.

5. Center, Col. John 8. Mosby.

6. Right, Dr. W. L. Dunn, Glade Springs, Va.
3. R'ght panel:

7. Seated, Lieut. A. R. Richards, Louisville, Ky.

§. Standing, Dr. James G. Wiltshire, Baltimore, Md.

16984— 22-4

46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

FEDERAL FORCES.

4. Wifty Years After the Battle. Fifth New York Volunteer Infantry, First
Duryée Zouaves, known as “ The Fighting Fifth.”
Left to right— ‘

1. Trumpeter Robert Fofar, Brooklyn, N. Y.

2. Trumpeter Robert F. Daly (once the drummer boy), New York City.

3. John F. Connell, New York City.

4. Gilbert Boyd, Brooklyn, N. Y.

5. John Hefferman, Flushing, Long Island.

5. Map of the Pen’nsular Campaign, Fifth New York Volunteer Infantry.
First Duryée Zuaves, known as “ The Fighting Fifth.”
. Left upper, John CG. L. Hamilton, Elmsford, N. Y.
. Second, Edward Whiteside, Brooklyn, N. Y.
. Seated, left, James Collins (address not given).
. Seated, George F. Wilson, Mount Vernon, N. Y.
. Seated, George A. Mitchell (address not given).
. Standing, right, Samuel H. Tucker (with rifle), Ridgefield Park, N. J.
6. Sheathing the Sword.
. Standing at left, Peter G. Wagner, New York City.
2. Seated, Lieut. William H. Uekele, New York City.

8. Second, standing, Alfred Atkins, Rosells Park, N. Y.

4. With sword and gun, Harry Jones, Long Island City, N. Y.

5. Extreme right, George H. Myers, New York City.

7. Comrades of the Fighting Fifth.
1. Left, Daniel J. Meagher, New York City.
2. Right, Albert Shellworth, Jersey City, N. J.
8. Drummer Boy of the Fighting Fifth After Gaines Mills.
Robert F. Daly, New York City, was a drummer boy before he was
13 and had seen 17 battles. He endeared himself to his regiment, the
First Duryée Zouaves, especially at Gaines Mills, where he carried
water to the men fighting, from a spring more than a mile to the
rear. On the 7-day retreat to the ships the men carried the boy on
their shoulders. When the regiment returned to New York, the boy’s
father discovered him in line, snatched him from the march, and sent
him back to school.
9. The Signal. After the Battle of Big Bethel. John Tregaskis, Brooklyn,
N. Y., Fifth New York Volunteer Infantry, Duryée Zouaves. ,

, After the Battle of Big Bethel the Union forces were marching by
parallel roads in pursuit of the enemy. During the night at the cross-
roads they fired at each other. To avoid a repetition of the error
they used the white of their turbans around their arm as a signal.

10. The First Sharps Rifle. Homer D. Jennings, St. Cloud, Fla.
The Sharps rifle was used for the first time before Gaines Mills, Va.
It was a repeating rifle and was used by the Fifth New York Volunteer
Infantry. Duryée Zouaves. There were just enough of the rifles to arm
the end men of companies, but the effect upon the opposing forces was
bewildering and disastrous. General Sykes was in command.
11. Adelaide Sm th. One of the first Army nurses.
She volunteered at Brooklyn, was with Grant’s army through the
Peninsular campaign, especially during the last years of the Civil War.

aor Wh HE

—

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 47

The silver cup at her left is the cup which she carried all through the
war and with which she gave water to thousands of wounded men.
The One hundred and sixty-fiftth New York, or Second Duryée Zouaves, Vol-
unteer Infantry.
12. The left panel, four figures wth the flags.
13. Center panel. five figures, Capt. Mathias Johnston, leader.
14, Third, or right, panel, five figures, with guns.
15. Doctor Beyea, chaplain. and noted as a singer at camp fires, Lafayette Post,
New York. Painted in 1974.
16. Fisher of the Fifth New York Volunteer Infantry, Duryée Zouaves.
17. The Beecher Regiment Returning Its Flag te Plymouth Church.
. Seated, left, William Pink, Brooklyn, N. Y.
. Standing, left. Henry Metcalf, Brooklyn, N. Y.
. Standing, Richard Conlon, Brooklyn, N. Y.
. Standing, Charles Balogh, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Center, Capt. Miles O. Reilly, Brooklyn, N. Y.
. Standing, Maj. M. Ix. Mille, Westfield, N. Y.
. Standing, George O. Fowler, Whitestone, L. I.
. Seated, right, Gen. Louis M. Peck, Brooklyn, N. Y.

BAAS cB Www

THE OLD GUARD OF NEW YORK.

18. Capt. H. Cole Smith, Eighth Connecticut Volunteer Infantry.
Willis White, Second Regiment New York Cavalry.
Capt. Frank Huntoon, Vermont Cavalry.
19. Judge Blanchard, Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry.
Col. G. Kk. Grismer, One hundred and ninety-Second New York Volunteer
Infantry.
Maj. Charles H. Heust’s, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.
20. Col. A. BE. Dick, Twenty-second New York Volunteer Infantry. ;
Admiral Charles D. Sigsbee, Fort Fisher, afterwards on the U. S. 8. J/aine,
seated.
Capt. James F. Wenman. who brought the obelisk from Hgypt to Central
Park, New York City.
Brig. Gen. Albert F. Davis, Spanish War Veterans.
21. Capt. L. F. Barry, Seventy-first New York Volunteer Infantry.
O. M. Chace, Seventh New York Volunteer Infantry.
Maj. William R. Mitchell, Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry.
Capt. L. A. Newcome, Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.
22. Capt. Arthur Jacobson, Seventy-first Regiment New York National Guard,
and One hundred and seventy-sixth New York Volunteer Infantry.
T. A. O'Mara, drummer boy. Fifty-ninth New York Volunteer Infantry.

THE NATIONAL PORTRAIT COLLECTION.

As announced in last year’s report, a number of influential citizens
desiring to preserve some pictorial record of the World War, organ-
ized a National Portrait Committee and arranged with a number
of our leading portrait painters to paint portraits of certain distin-
guished leaders of America and other allied nations in the war with

48 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

Germany. The members of the committee as organized are: Hon.
Henry White (chairman), Herbert L. Pratt (secretary and treas-
urer), Mrs. W. H. Crocker, Robert W. de Forest, Abram Garfield,
Mrs. E. H. Harriman, Arthur W. Meeker, J. Pierpont Morgan,
Charles P. Taft, Charles D. Walcott, and Henry Frick (since de-
ceased).

Under this arrangement 20 portraits were painted and assembled
in the National Gallery during the month of May, 1921. Later these
were turned over to the American Federation of Arts for purposes of
public exhibition, and at the close of the year they had been shown in
the following cities: Princeton, N. J.; New Haven, Conn.; Boston,
Mass.: Rochester, N. Y.; Cleveland, Ohio; Williamstown, Mass.;
Amherst, Mass.; Buffalo, N. Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Indianapolis,
Ind.; Pittsbur a Pa.; Detroit, Mich. : Youngstown, Ohio; and Mem-
phis, Tenn.

The portrait of Herbert Clark Hoover, by Edmund C. Tarbell, has
since been added to the number.

THE McFADDEN COLLECTION.

At the close of the year preliminary steps had been taken toward
the acceptance by the gallery of the loan of the McFadden collection
of British masterpieces, comprising 44 notable examples of the work
of Richard Parkes Bonington; John Constable, R. A.; Davis Cox;
Joha Crome; Thomas Gainsborough, R. A. ; George Henry Harlow;
William Hogarth; John Hoppner, R. A.; Sir Thdmde Lawrence, P.
R. A.; John Linnell, sr.; George Morland: Sir Henry Raeburn, R. A.;
Sir Joshua Reynolds, P. R. A.; George Romney; James Stark;
George Stubbs, R. A,; Sir John Watson Gordon, R. A.; J. M. W.
Turner, R. A.; and Richard Wilson, R. A. These paintings were ac-
quired by John H. McFadden, Esq., of Philadelphia, Pa., recently
deceased, during his lifetime, and by his will left in trust to the city
of Philadelphia and to be intrusted to its custodianship when the
Municipal Museum now in course of construction is completed. . Not-
withstanding the fact that there is much shortage of storage space in
the halls occupied by the national collections, the acceptance of this
rich collection for a limited period is regarded with much favor.

DISTRIBUTIONS.
Loans have been withdrawn by owners as follows: Portrait of

Arthur Spicer, and portrait of Mary Brockerbrough Spicer, his wife,
by Sir Peter Lely, lent by Miss Lucy Stuart Fitzhugh, were with-

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 49

drawn by Mrs. Daisy Fitzhugh Ayers, executrix. Genevra dei Benci,
attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, withdrawn by the Misses Janet R. and
Mary Buttles. Christ in the Temple, by J. P. Tiepolo; The Doctor’s
Visit, by Jan Steen; Dedham Vale, by John Constable; and A Young
Dutch Girl, by N. Drost, were withdrawn by Mr. Ralph Cross John-
son, but returned to the gallery before the close of the year with the
exception of the last named. Five portraits: Col. Mark Hopkins in
Continental Uniform (copy by Robert Hinckley) ; Dr. Mark Hopkins,
Educator, by Sarony; Hon. Edward Everett, by Asher Brown Du-
rand; Mrs, Edward Everett, by Gambardella; and Charlotte Brooks
Everett, by George P. A. Healy; withdrawn by Mrs. Charlotte
Everett Wise Hopkins (Mrs. Archibald Hopkins). Clearing Up, in
the Berkshires, by James Heary Moser, was acquired by the Cosmos
Club from Mrs. J. H. Moser, the owner, and withdrawn by the club.
The Finding of Moses, attributed to the period of Paul Veronese,
withdrawn by Mrs. F. S. Bloss. Sea, Sand and Solitude, by Edward
Trenchard, withdrawn by the artist. Seven paintings: Portrait of
Mr. Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire; Portrait of Mrs. Levi Wood-
bury, of New Hampshire; Portrait of an Old Gentleman, and St.
Dominic and the Christ Child, artists not given ; Landscape, attributed
to Berghem; Parrot and Fruit, and Flowers, attributed to Zuccarelli ;
from the collection lent by the Duchess de Arcos (Virginia Wooed-
bury Lowery Brunetti), withdrawn by Mr. Woodbury Blair, attor-
ney in fact for the duchess. Four paintings from the loan collection
of the American Federation of Arts were distributed for the federa-
tion as follows: Ducks on the Bank, by Franz Grassel, sent to E. O.
Summer at Brooklyn, N. Y.; Memory of the Tyrol, by J. P. Jung-
hanns, and The Garden, by Max Clarenbach, to the Art Institute of
Chicago, Chicago, Ill.; and Portrait of Mrs. Penelope Wheeler, by
George Sauter, to Messrs Budworth & Sons, New York City.

Caresse Enfantine, a painting by Mary Cassatt, belonging to the
Evans collection, the property of the gallery, was lent to the American
Federation of Arts to be included in an exhibition of pictures cf
children under the auspices of the federation, to be shown in six
southern cities: Louisville, Ky.: Roanoke, Va.; Savannah, Ga.;
Charleston, S. C.; Richmond and Norfolk, Va. The work elicited
much favorable comment, and was returned to its place in the gallery
at the close of the exhibition.

THE HENRY WARD RANGER FUND.

The purchases made by the council of the National Academy of
Design from the fund provided by the income from the Henry Ward

50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

Ranger bequest, with the names of the institutions to which they have
been assigned, are as follows:

Title. Artist. Ree ee Assigned.
11. Fall Round-Up...... Carl Rungius, N. A...| Dec. 20, 1921 | Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington,
| D.C.
12. Repose of Evening...| Ben Foster, N. A..... iwisaese (i bo paint San Francisco Museum of Art (offered
to).
13. Forest Primeval. ....| | Chas. S. Chapman, A. |...-- Ou 25 252 | Cleveland Museum of Art.
| N.A.
14. The Figurine. ..-....-. P Wane MoniPaxbomy AN... ro Ki uae ee Wadsworth Atheneum and Morgan
| NAA. Memorial, Hartford, Conn.
15% Wilton Hillsg:22c) . 3. | Roy Brown, A. N. A..|....- doe. :8e Hackley Gallery of Fine Arts, Muske-
| gon, Mich.
16. Gleam on Hilltops....| Gardner Symons, N. | Apr. 18,1922) Montclair Art Association, Montclair,
A. Pl INTs
17. White and Silver....| Dines Carlsen.........|..... diss} 2-4 Portland Society of Art, of Portland,
| Me.
1S. HOWCk On. seep ores ae | Daniel Garber, N. A...|....- (a Vaal Sean | National Gallery of Art, Washington,
Vv ODIO
19. East Coast, Domin- | Fredk. J. Waugh, N. |....- doz i8 . Museum of History, Science, and Art,
ica, British West A. | Los Angeles, Calif.
Indies, {
|

THE REV. BRUCE HUGHES ALCOVE.

Two publications have been purchased from the funds received
from the income of the Rev. Bruce Hughes bequest, and placed in
the gallery library as a separate unit thereof. They are:

ZAotfany, R. A., John: His Life and Works. 1735-1810. By Lady Victoria Man-

ners and Dr. G. C. Williamson. London: 1920. (No. 1.)

Life and Works of Ozias Humphrey, R. A. By George C. Williamson, Litt. D.

London: 1918. (No. 2.)

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.

Holmes, W. H. Report on the National Gallery of Art for the year ending June
30, 1921. From the Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Negeri fees
for 1921, pp. 45-55.

The report of the director for the first year of the gallery as a separate
unit under the Smithsonian Institution, the art collections having been
associated previously with the department of anthropology in the United
States National Museum.

Rose, George B. The Ralph Cross Johnson collection in the National Gallery
at Washington. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1920
(1922), pp. 679-690, pls. 1-24. Reprinted from Art and Archeology, Vol. X,

, No. 3, September, 1920. (Smithsonian Publication No. 2649).

A Catalogue of the Art Works of the Gallery embodying intro-
ductory matter and brief biographies of the painters and sculptors
represented, with full-page illustrations of 25 of the works, was
prepared and sent to the printer in October, 1921. At the end of ‘the
fiscal year, June 30, 1922, it has not appeared.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 51
ILLUSTRATED LECTURE ON THE GALLERY.

As a means of promoting the development of the gallery by mak-
ing its existence and collections known to the people, a lecture has
been prepared by the director, the step being due largely to the
urgent request of Mrs. Summers, wife of the Hon. J. W. Summers,
Representative in Congress from Washington State, who has pre-
sented it a number of times in his home State. A brief introduction
‘is followed by the presentation of 75 slides, mostly in color, repre-
senting the Smithsonian buildings and their surroundings and the
more noteworthy works of painting and sculpture preserved in the
gallery, with brief biographies of the artists. The lecture is to be
placed at the disposal of such persons throughout the country as may
desire to present it.

THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART COMMISSION.

The National Gallery Commission, organized in accordance with
plans formulated by the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution,
held its first or organizing meeting on June 25, 1921, and its first
annual meeting on December 6 of that year. The proceedings of
the organizing meeting are outlined in the annual report for that
year, and the proceedings of the meeting of December 6 may be
here briefly outlined.

The meeting was held in the Regents’ Room of the Smithsonian
Institution, members present being: Daniel Chester French (chair-
man), Herbert Adams, Edwin H. Blashfield, Joseph H. Gest,
William H. Holmes (secretary ex-officio), John E. Lodge, Frank
‘Jewett Mather, jr. (vice chairman), Gari Melchers, Charles Moore,
James Parmelee, Herbert L. Pratt, Edward W. Redfield, Charles
D. Walcott (ex-officio).

The report of the executive committee, which met at the Cosmos
Club on the evening of the 5th of December, was submitted and
‘reports of the 11 subcommittees were received. These commit-
tees are as follows:

. American painting, Edward W. Redfield, chairman.

. Modern European painting, Gari Melchers, chairman.

. Ancient European painting, Frank Jewett Mather, jr., chairman.
. Oriental art, John HE. Lodge, chairman.

. Sculpture, Herbert Adams, chairman.

. Architecture, , chairman.

. Mural paint.ng, Edwin H. Blashfield, chairman.

. Ceramics, Joseph H. Gest, chairman.

. Textiles, , chairman.

10. Prints, James Parmelee, chairman.

11. Portrait gallery, Herbert L. Pratt, chairman.

The reports of the chairmen were received with interest, and
numerous additions to the membership were made.

OCOHAAAONKWNH

52 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

Consideration was given to the proposed exhibit of early Ameri-
van, paintings and sculptures, to be held in the Louvre, Paris, in the
near future, and the advisability of holding a special loan exhibit
of American portraits in the National Gallery in Washington
received attention.

The feasibility of arranging in Washington a plan for the further
development of the art interests, corresponding with that existing
between the Louvre and the Luxemburg Galleries, Paris, was con-
sidered and steps were taken to determine the attitude of other gal-
leries with respect to the suggestion.

The urgent need of a National Gallery building to accommodate
the collections now occupying the very limited space allowed them
in the Natural History Museum, and for future accessions, was con-
sidered, and a resolution enumerating at some length the unfortu-
nate conditions existing and appealing to Congress for the limited
fund required for the preparation of plans for a building was
adopted.

The very serious problems of the acceptance and rejection of prof-
fered works of art of all classes was discussed at length, and at the
close of the meeting the advisory committee on acceptance of works
took necessary action with regard to such offerings for the year as
- awaited consideration.

Respectfully submitted.
W. H. Hormers.
Director, National Gallery of Art.
Dr. Cuartes D. Watcort.
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 3.
REPORT ON THE FREER GALLERY OF ART.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the second annual report on the
Freer Gallery of Art for the year ending June 30, 1922.

THE COLLECTION.

Work carried on during the year includes the classification and
cataloguing of Chinese, Japanese, and Tibetan paintings, Chinese
tapestries, and Chinese and Japanese pottery; the preliminary classi-
fication of Korean pottery and Chinese and Japanese stone sculp-
tures and jades; and the cataloguing of American paintings, draw-
ings, and prints (inclusive of both etchings and lithographs). Im-
portant progress has been made also in the indispensable preservation
work on oil paintings.

BUILDING AND INSTALLATION.

Owing to a temporary lack of applicable funds, work on the build-
ing and installation was discontinued in July and was not resumed
until December. The work accomplished, however, includes the con-
tinuation—and in some instances the completion—of undertakings
mentioned in the first annual report: The dais in gallery 18 has been
rebuilt and stained, the walls of 15 galleries and 2 corridors have been
recolored, all of the storage bags and 27 of the storage boxes for
Japanese screens have been completed, the Chinese and Japanese
panel storage has been finished and the panels themselves placed in
their permanent storage racks. The more important items of the
new work undertaken are as follows: The dais in gallery 8 has been
removed, terrazzo floor has been laid in the areas thus exposed, and
the walls have been covered with canvas. The two large Chinese
stone slabs purchased during the previous fiscal year were set in the
wall of gallery 9 and repaired, practically all of the Whistler oil
painting frames have been repaired and regilded, and 16 storage
racks for oil paintings have been constructed. The installation of
fly screens has been effected, as has also the correction of defective
doors and the reenforcing of the meeting rails of the double-hung
windows throughout the basement floor. Bronze lhght standards
have been erected outside of the north and south entrances, the
offices have been carpeted and furnished, oiling of the gallery floors

53

54 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

has been begun, electric meters have been installed, cheesecloth
screens have been provided for the ventilators in all the storage
rooms, and necessary drains have been set in the lower floor at
various places.

PERSONNEL.

Grace Dunham Guest was appointed assistant curator on January
1, 1922.

Ruth W. Helsley resigned, her resignation taking effect March 1,
1922.

Ruth L. Walker was appointed to fill Mrs. Helsley’s post as stenog-
rapher on February 15, 1922.

Carl W. Bishop was appointed associate curator on April 9, 1922.

Miss Guest was given a two months’ leave, and she sailed for
Europe on June 24, 1922, to act as delegate from the Freer Gallery
of Art to the double centennial meeting of the Société Asiatique de
Paris, and also to study collections of oriental art—especially ce-
ramics—in England, France, and Germany.

Respectfully submitted.

J. E. Lopes,
Curator, Freer Gallery of Art.
Dr. Cuartes D. Waucort,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 4.
REPORT ON THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY.

Sir: In response to your request I have the honor to submit the
following report on the field researches, office work, and other
operations of the Bureau of American Ethnology during the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1922, conducted in accordance with the act of
Congress approved March 4, 1921. The act referred to contains
the following item:

American ethnology: For continuing ethnological researches among the
American Indians and the natives of Hawaii, including the excavation and
preservation of archeologic remains, under the direction of the Smithsonian
Institution, including the necessary employees and the purchase of necessary
books and periodicals, $46,000.

The Indians of the United States are undergoing cultural changes
which will in a short time so modify their material culture that little
will be left in that line for the ethnologist to study. It is impera-
tive that the bureau exert itself in every way to record the material
eulture and cult objects before the final change occurs. The objects
illustrating this culture are now mainly preserved as heirlooms in
ceremonies, and it is particularly desirable that these be described
and their meanings interpreted before they pass out of use com-
pletely.

In 1904 the bureau inaugurated at Casa Grande a method of
archeological work which has now been adopted by most of the
institutions working in the southwestern part of the United States.
Previous to this time archeologists rarely paid attention to the preser-
vation of walls of ruins, but sacrificed these in their zeal to make
as large collections of artifacts as possible.

The bureau method of preserving the buildings for future students
has now been adopted by other institutions, and work of this nature is
being carried on at Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, by the National
Geographic Society; at Chettro Kettle, in the same canyon, by the
School of American Research, Santa Fe, N. Mex.; at Pecos, N. Mex,
by the Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. ; and at Aztec by the Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History of New York. This method of arch-
eologital work has created a great interest in archeological problems,
as indicated by the increased number of visitors to these ruins, and

5d

56 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

has a great practical value as an asset to the communities in which
these ruins are situated. It is the intention of the chief of the bureau
to keep abreast of the other institutions in this regard.

In the past year the bureau has entered upon two new lines of work
which it is believed will not only increase its scientific output by
intensive research but also appeal strongly to the popular interest and
to the diffusion of knowledge already acquired. For many years it
has not been found practical to continue work on the Hawaiian
Islands, which is mentioned as one of the important items of ethno-
logical research in the above act of Congress. A meeting of the
Pan Pacific Convention in Honolulu shows an increased interest in
the study of the Polynesian islanders and their relation to the ques-
tion of the peopling of America from the South Seas. Mr. Gerard
Fowke, a collaborator of the bureau, was commissioned to attend this
convention in the interest of the Smithsonian Institution, and he was
instructed to gather whatever information he could in relation to the
archeology of the people, if any, that preceded the Hawaiian race of
the present day. Although his results were negative, it is gratifying
that the bureau took part in this convention, as it opened up several
lines of work in other islands which it may later be advantageous to
follow. The Sandwich Islands lie practically on the periphery of
the sphere of influence of the Polynesian culture, and local investi-
gators have the Hawaiians well in hand. There is considerable to do
in mapping the distribution of temples and ancient buildings, but this
work is being rapidly done by local archeologists. It is desirable,
however, that the bureau take up archeological work in Samoa or
some island nearer the center of distribution of the race which has
occupied almost all the land in the Pacific Ocean. The imperfect
facilities for transportation from one island to another and the loss
of time in transit is a serious handicap in this work.

A second line of research which promises even more to the scientific
investigator and the tourist is a study of the material culture, espe-
cially the architecture, of the houses of the aborigines of Alaska. In
the growth of the canning industry the Indians who formerly inhab-
ited southern Alaska have been drawn away from their aboriginal
villages, leaving them deserted and their totem poles and buildings
to the mercy of fire and decay. The monuments are rapidly going to
destruction, and it is very desirable that steps be immediately taken to
preserve these buildings or a typical example of them before they are
utterly destroyed. \

One of these settlements, Kasaan, has already been made a national
monument. Steps should be taken to preserve others. \

Dr. T. T. Waterman was sent by the bureau to investigate the whole
question—primarily to secure whatever vanishing ethnological data
is still extant. He was instructed to gather information on the sym-

* REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. aid

bolism of the totem poles, the character of the houses, distribution
of clans, and whatever scientific data can be obtained from those still
living who once inhabited these villages. This line of investigation
appeals very strongly to the chief from his knowledge of the growth
in interest of the Mesa Verde National Park. In 1908, when he began
work on this park, only 25 tourists visited the Mesa Verde; this year,
1922, the number will reach 4,500. This shows a great growth of
interest in the work being done there; and, as many tourists now seek
Alaska in their summer vacation, one of these villages repaired would
attract many visitors. It is proposed to continue this work next
summer with an enlarged appropriation.

The work of the bureau in other lines has gone on with customary
vigor. The chief has repeatedly emphasized the necessity of rescu-
ing the linguistic and scciological data of those Indian stocks that
are rapidly disappearing. It would be culpable if any of these
languages should vanish completely without some record. Interest
in the aborigines of this continent has greatly increased in the last
years, especially on account of the stimulus of the movement called
“See America First.”

In addition to his purely administrative duties, considerable time
has been devoted by the chief to researches in the field. This work
was archeological in nature and a continuation of that of previous
years, and was carried on in cooperation with the National Park
Service of the Department of the Interior.

Two months were spent in the neighborhood of Far View House,
the first pueblo discovered on the Mesa Verde National Park, six
years ago. In the course of the work this fine ruin was thoroughly
repaired and put in such condition that it will now resist the wear
of the elements for several years. Ruins once repaired must be
watched with care. On an average between 3,000 and 4,000 visitors,
mainly tourists, visit the Mesa Verde National Park and examine
the excavated ruins. Fifteen thousand visitors have already passed
through Spruce-tree House and Cliff Palace, and the wear on the soft
rock of which the ruins are made is beginning to show. Unless
constant vigilance is exercised the walls will fall within a short
time. Any deterioration ought to be repaired annually. Tourists
are not now permitted to visit any of the rtiins on this park without
a guide, a regulation that has been strictly enforced during the past
year.

Field work in May and June was devoted to excavating a ruin
called Pipe Shrine House, situated to the south of Far View House.
This was apparently a communal building, or one not inhabited,
which was used by the people of the pueblo for sacred ceremonies.
It would appear that Pipe Shrine House, so called, bears the same
relationship to Far View House that the Lower House of the Yucca

/

58 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

National Monument does to the Upper. The great kiva at Aztec,
in New Mexico, lately excavated, bears a somewhat similar rela-
tionship to the main ruin, and there are several of the Chaco Canyon
ruias where similar conditions prevail.

The site of Pipe Shrine House when work began was a low mound
covered with sagebrush with a saucerlike depression in the center.
not unlike several others in the immediate vicinity of Far View
House. The removal of vegetation and débris and an excavation of
the rooms revealed a rectangular building 70 by 60 feet, with walls
averaging one story high. It had indications of a lofty tower in
the middle of the western side, which must have imparted to the
building somewhat the appearance of a church steeple or the minaret
of a mosque. The large room was situated in the center of the
ruin, its floor being about 20 feet below that of the other rooms.
This subterranean room is a kiva, but it differs from others of like
type on the park in that it has no fireplace in the center of the
floor, no ventilator or deflector, and has eight mural pilasters in-
stead of six to support the roof. The fallen walls within showed
indications of a great conflagration, the stones and adobe being
turned red and the walls turned bright red by the great heat. On
the floor of the kiva was an inclosure set off by a semicircular wall
where the action of fire was particularly evident. In the inclosure
were found many votive offerings, the most numerous of which
were a dozen clay tobacco pipes of various shapes and sizes, one
or two decorated on their exteriors. These pipes, which are the_
first ever found on the Mesa Verde, evidently had been smoked
by the priests and then thrown into the shrine. Besides the
pipes the shrine also contained several fine stone knives, small
decorated clay platters, various fetishes, and other objects. Pipe
Shrine House was entered on the south by two doorways, midway
between which a large pictograph of a coiled serpent was incised on
a large stone set in the wall. To the south of the building there was
a plaza surrounded by a retaining wall and directly opposite one of
the entrances there are aboriginal steps which lead to a rectangular
shrine 4 feet in size, in which were found a number of water-
worn stones surrounding a large stone image of the mountain lion.
The contents of this shrine were replaced, the mountain lion left
m his original position, and the inclosure covered with a netting
to prevent the possible removing of the objects from their places.
Other shrines and several stone idols of considerable size were
found in the neighborhood. The idols found at Pipe Shrine House
represent the snake, mountain lion, mountain sheep, and bird—an
important discovery, as previously only one stone animal idol had
been found at the Mesa Verde Park.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 59

One of the most instructive experiences of the archeologist is to
see a skeleton centuries old as it lies in the grave. One of the ancient
people of Pipe Shrine House was left in a prepared chamber for
tourists to inspect.

The cemetery les on the southeast corner of this ruin, and in it
were found several human burials from one of which a good skeleton
was chosen to illustrate the manner of burial and the mortuary
offerings. This skeleton was not removed from the grave but was
surrounded by a stone wall forming a room, rectangular in shape,
protected by a grating and a waterproof roof. Visitors may now
see one of the skeletons of the race of cliff dwellers as he was placed
in his grave more than 500 years ago; not a single bone has been
moved from positicn. This is the first time in North American
archeology that an effort has been made to protect an Indian skeleton
in situ, and the success of the method is self-evident, judging from
the comments of visitors.

The pipes found in the shrine of the kiva have suggested “ Pipe
Shrine House” as a name for the building. It seems to have been
given up to the rites and ceremonies of the inhabitants of the neigh-
boring Far View House.

The second ruin excavated at Mesa Verde was formerly the habi-
tation of one clan or of one social unit composed of relatives on the
mother’s side, on which account this ruin was given the name “ One
Clan House.” It is situated about one-eighth of a mile south of
Pipe Shrine House and consists of a circular subterranean room or
kiva of fine masonry surrounded by rooms for sleeping, others for
grinding corn, and still others used as bins for corn or storage
rooms. The kiva was the ceremonial or men’s room.

One of the most instructive ruins excavated in 1922 is a round
tower, 15 feet in diameter and 10 feet high, situated about 300 feet
north of Far View House. In front of this tower were found three
subterranean kivas under the fallen débris, in one of which were con-
structed walls of a square building, indicating secondary occupation,
and erected after the abandonment of the kiva. This tower and
accompanying kivas may be called Far View Tower, and the indica-
tions are that it was used for observations, particularly of the sun on
the horizon at sunrise and sunset, in order to determine the time for
planting and other dates important for an agricultural people. These
towers were probably rooms for the worship of the sun and other sky
gods.

Some distance north of Far View Tower there were discovered
in the cedars a number of large stones arranged vwertically in rows
projecting 3 feet above the surface of the ground. Excavation showed
that these megaliths were walls of buildings of anomalous character,
indicating a new type of architecture on the Mesa Verde. This

60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

ruin, “ Megalithic House,” was not completely excavated, but all the
others were repaired, the tops of the walls being covered with cement
to prevent future erosion.

An important. collection made by the chief in the course of the
summer’s work contains many rare and unique specimens, an account
of which will later be published in a report on the excavations,

During his work at the Mesa Verde the chief gave camp-fire
talks in the special amphitheater constructed for that purpose by the
superintendent of the park. The average attendance on these talks
was about 40 each evening, and at times, as on a visit of a convention
of teachers, there were 150 listeners. He also spent considerable time
daily taking parties over the new work which he was doing in the
neighborhood of Far View House.

Ever since 1917 the chief has been attempting to have the sites
of three clusters of towers in Utah withdrawn from private owner-
ship and made into a national monument, to be called Hovenweep
National Monument. Various circumstances have made it impos-
sible to bring this about. During the past summer, however, Mr.
Hatze, a Land Office surveyor, determined the metes and bounds
of these three clusters and later Doctor Fewkes visited them in order
to determine their present condition. He found that a settler had
filed claims on the neighboring land, the adjoining one-quarter mile
section, and erected his cabin. Some of the cabins in the neighbor-
hood have stones remarkably like those of the towers; in other words,
the necessity for immediate action, if these towers are to be pre-
served for posterity, is apparent, and the land on which they are
situated should be withdrawn from settlement and the buildings put
under the care of proper authorities. The three groups are known
as the Square Tower, the Ruin Canyon group; the Holly and Keeley
Towers; and the large ruin at the head of the Cajon Mesa called
Cool Spring House, on account of the fine water which is found in
the cave back of the cliff house.

During the fiscal year Dr. John R. Swanton, ethnologist, was en-
gaged in extracting the words from his Hitchiti texts and adding
them to his dictionary on cards of the Hitchiti language, and in pre-
paring a grammatical sketch of 75 pages based on this material and
that collected by Dr. A. 8. Gatschet.

Much time was devoted to transferring words to cards from his
Alabama texts, and from material in Alabama secured through na-
tive informants, into an Alabama-English dictionary. The first 25
pages of a grammatical sketch of this language have also been com-
pleted.

A comparison has been made between the Natchez language on the
one hand and Koasati and Hitchiti on the other, in order to establish
the position of Natchez in the Muskhogean linguistic stock. This

:

-

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 61

has not yet been set down in full, but all of the essential points have

been typewritten on cards.

A paper of 44 pages has been prepared in elaboration of some
recent discoveries regarding the Siouan peoples, discoveries which
have an especial bearing on the relationship of the various Siouan
groups to one another. .

A small amount of work has been done in continuance of Doctor
Swanton’s investigations into the economic basis of American Indian
life, particularly a study of aboriginal trails and trade routes.

The work of collecting stories dealing with the old clan divisions
of the Chickasaw Indians, undertaken by a Chickasaw at Doctor
Swanton’s suggestion, has met with gratifying success, 10 or 12 such
stories having already been sent in.

During the fiscal year Mr. J. N. B. Hewitt, ethnologist, was engaged
entirely in office work.

In his report for the fiscal year 1921 it was stated that a number
of Chippewa and Ottawa texts had been obtained in 1900 from
Mr. John Miscogeon, an Ottawa mixed blood, then in Washington,
D. C., and that Mr. George Gabaocsa, a mixed-blood Chippewa, had
been employed to amend and to supply the Chippewa versions of
these texts. He also amplified the texts by substantial additions.
This material covers 125 pages. Mr. Gabaoosa’s fixed habit of writing
his native language by means of the alphabet employed by the mis-
sionaries made it needful that these texts thus written be translated
into the alphabet devised by Maj. J. W. Powell, founder of the Bureau
of American Ethnology, for recording native Indian languages.
This work of transliteration is one of considerable difficulty, because
the aid of a native Chippewa speaker is not available in the office and
Mr. Hewitt does not speak Chippewa.

In addition, Mr. Hewitt continued work in preparing the Musk-
hogean material detailed in his last report.

Mr. Hewitt also continued his typing of the native Onondaga texts
of the second part of the Iroquoian Cosmology, the first part having
appeared in the twenty-first annual report of the bureau. There are
now 255 pages of text material in final form.

As custodian of manuscripts Mr. Hewitt reports that no new lin-
guistic records were added to the material permanently in his charge.
Collaborators and others make temporary deposits of manuscripts
upon which work is being done, and these are not catalogued as of
permanent deposit.

Mr. Hewitt spent much time and study in the preparation of data
for official replies to correspondents of the bureau and of the Indian
Office also, the latter by reference only. The scope of the inquiries
covers almost the entire range of human interest. often quite outside

16984—22

62 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.
/

of the specific researches properly coming within the activities of the
Bureau of American Ethnology, but many are only requests for the
derivation of some alleged native Indian place or proper name, often
greatly Anglicized and mutilated. Some of these inquiries require
more than a day’s work to answer, as it is sometimes necessary to visit
the Congressional Library in search of data. Data for more than
75 such inquiries were prepared.

Immediately following the death of the late Mr. James Mooney,
Mr. Hewitt assisted Mrs. Mooney in assorting and separating the
personal letters and papers of Mr. Mooney, some in advanced stages
of preparation (the accumulation of more than 30 years’ activity in
an official capacity), from those which by their nature are official
documents, and correspondence and photographs. More than a week
was devoted to this work.

Before placing this material in the new store-room a rough classi-
fication was made of it. Five main groups were made, correspond-
ing roughly with the five chief papers which Mr. Mooney had under
way for a number of years before his demise, namely, (a) A Study of
the Peyote and Its Accompanying Religious Cult; (>) A Monograph
on the Population of the Indian Tribes When First Known; (¢) A
Paper on Cherokee Medical Formulas Recorded in the Sequoya
Alphabet by Native Priests; (d) Kiowa Heraldry; and (e) A Study
of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Shields. Owing to the peculiar chi-
rography of Mr. Mooney and his excessive use of abbreviations pecu-
liar to himself, this task proved to be a most tedious and difficult one.

Mr. Hewitt, who represents the Smithsonian Institution on the
United States Geographic Board, attended all its regular meetings
except one and all the special meetings of the board.

Mr. Francis La Flesche, ethnologist, continued during the fiscal
year the task of assembling his notes for the second volume of his
work on The Osage Tribe. The manuscript for the second volume,
which embraces two versions of an ancient Osage ritual entitled,
“No®-zhit-zho" Wa-tho®,” Songs of the Rite of Vigil, was com-
pleted and turned in to the bureau on February 25, 1922, where it
awaits publication.

The first version of this ritual, which is counted as next in im->
portance to the Hearing of the Sayings of the Ancient’ Men, pub-
lished in the thirty-sixth annual report of the bureau, was given by
Wa-xthi-zhi of the Puma gens of the Osage. This man had learned
the ritual from his father, Wa-tht-ts’aga-zhi, who is said to have
been one of the best informed No*’-ho*-zhi"-ga in the tribal rites.
With some difficulty Mr. Ia Flesche managed to persuade Sho”’-ge-
mo?-i", of the Peacemaker gens, a more conservative man than Wa-
xthi-zhi, to give the second version, which belongs to his gens. As
this ritual pertains to war, old Sho"’-ge-mo"-i" desired it to be clearly

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 63

understood that his gens performed the ceremonies of the ritual as
a mere matter of form rather than as an actual owner of the rite.
The office of his gens, he explained, was one that was instituted for
the conservation of life and the maintenance of peace within the
tribe and with other tribes not related to the Osage.

On the completion of the manuscripts for the second volume, Mr.
La Flesche began the task of assembling his notes for the third
volume, which will embrace two tribal rituals, the first of which is
entitled “ Wa-x6-be A-wa-tho,” Songs Relating to the Wa-xé-be.
The Wa-x6-be is the sacred hawk, the symbol of the valor of the
Osage warrior. ‘The second ritual is entitled “Ca Tha-dse Ga-xe,”
literally, The Making of the Rush, but meaning the Making of the
Woven Rush Shrine for the Wa-x6-be.

On July 1, 1921, Dr. Truman Michelson, ethnologist, was at Tama,
Iowa, continuing his work among the Fox Indians of that State.
He completed gathering data on Fox mortuary customs and beliefs
and restored texts appertaining to these and worked out a vocabu-
lary as far as possible in the field. On the completion of this he re-
stored phonetically a text previously collected on the Fox society
known as “Those who worship the little spotted buffalo.” He also
worked out, as far as practical, the vocabulary to this text. At the
close of August he returned to Washington and elaborated the ma-
terial collected in the field. During the fiscal year Dr. Michelson
submitted two manuscripts for publication, namely, “ Notes on Fox
mortuary customs and beliefs” and “ Notes on the Fox society known
as ‘ Those who worship the little spotted buffalo.’ ”

On May 25 Doctor Michelson left for the West to conduct
researches among the Algonquian Indians of Iowa, Kansas, and
Oklahoma. He stopped at Columbus, Ohio, to consult with Prof.
L. Bloomfield. As a result of this conference it became apparent
that Menomini is very clearly more closely related to Cree than to
any other Algonquian language. He found the work at Shawnee,
Okla., very difficult and expensive, owing to the fact that the Algon-
quian Indians of that State are scattered and distances are very
great. However, during his short stay he secured sufficient informa-
tion to show definitely that not only the Sauk but also the Kickapoo
share many mortuary customs and beliefs with the Fox of Iowa. He
thinks that these correspondences are too detailed and too numerous
to be of independent origin and must be due to dissemination. This
point regarding the Sauk and Fox is not novel, but it is regarding
the Kickapoo. There are, however, some differences in the mortuary
customs of all neighboring tribes. This last fact is not so well known.
_A detailed study of all three neighboring tribes, Siouan as well as
Algonquian, on these matters alone can clear up the history of the

64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

borrowings. He expects to obtain data on these points regarding the
Shawnee and Potawatomi also.

The beginning of the fiscal year found Mr. J. P. Harrington,
ethnologist, engaged in completing his bulletin on the Kiowa lan-
guage, in several respects one of the most remarkable of the Amer-
ican Indian tongues. Aside from the phonetic system, with its un-
usual frequency of long vowels and diphthongs, we may point to
the noun, several declensions of which form the singular by adding
the same suffixes which other declensions use for forming the plural.
These singulars of plural form are doubtless conceived as collective,
for a personal pronoun in apposition also has the plural form. Thus
pronominal agreement arises many times more complicated than
that in the three-gendered languages of Europe, and is further in-
volved by subjective, objective, and indirective pronouns largely
combining to form a single syllable—a very terse yet involved sys-
tem of speech. A number of Kiowa and Tanoan songs were found
to have the melody following in exaggerated form the intonation of
the spoken language. Thus the song “ agoyopovi navi ha, wimbo
winda ” has the high tones of its words also high pitched in the song.
This has led to the important discovery that certain melodies in in-
toned Janguages may take their clue from the. intonation of the
words. The Kiowa vocabulary secured is quite complete and forms
an interesting contribution to the study of the place names, animal
names, and plant names adopted by a tribe when it leaves its old
home and moves to a new region. Mr. Harrington proceeded at the
close of July to California to continue his studies of the Indians of
the Chumashan area of that State. This expedition proved fruitful
in results beyond all expectation. Special emphasis was laid on the
place names, material culture, and language. More than 300 photo-
eraphs of Indian places and historic landmarks were secured, to-
gether with a wealth of highly interesting and important data. The
collecting of Indian place names in the Eastern States was neglected
until too late, so that we have only a few names in distorted spelling
and of uncertain etymology. It is still possible to obtain full data
in many parts of the West, and there is scarcely any work which the
Dureau can undertake which is more important or urgent, either in
popular interest or as a help to the future ethnologist, historian, or
archeologist.

Linguistic study is peculiarly important in this area, since it resur-
rects past culture and records perishing material for comparison with
remote languages. Thirty new Ventureno songs were obtained from
one singer, all with native words. The technique of the split-stick
accompaniment and the dance steps were faithfully studied and the
words were exhaustively compared with the corresponding prose
forms.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 65

_Mr. Harrington’s opinion was confirmed that the southern Cal-
ifornia culture has many curious points of resemblance with that of
the Southwest.. Even the Pueblo plumed prayer stick, with sand
paintings and the ceremonial use of meal and seeds, have been found
also among the Californians.

Twice during the fiscal year Mr. Harrington was temporarily
transferred to the Department of the Interior for special archive
work. At the close of the fiscal year he returned to Washington.

SPECIAL RESHARCHIS.

During the past fiscal year Miss Densmore has extended her
study of Indian music by recording songs among the Yuma, Cocopa,
and Yaqui tribes, making a total of nine tribes among whom this
work has been done. Mohave songs were obtained from two mem-
bers of that tribe living on the Yuma Reservation, and one Maya
song was recorded in the Yaqui village. Four manuscripts on In-
dian music were submitted, the titles being “Songs Concerning
Elder Brother and His People, and Other Papago Songs,” “The
Rain Ceremony of the Papago,” “A Cocopa Legend and its Songs,”
and “ Deer Dance Songs of the Yuma, Yaqui, and Maya Indians.”
In addition to her work on Indian music Miss Densmore has com-
pleted for publication two books on Chippewa culture with the
titles “ Uses of Plants by the Chippewa,” and “ Chippewa Arts and
Customs.” The former book contains descriptions of the uses of
168 plants in medicine, food, dye, charms, and general utility, the
section on medicine being in tabulated form and showing the uses
of the plant by other tribes, where such use is recorded, and its
use by the white race, if such occurs. This tabulation shows the
ailments for which a plant was used, the part of the plant utilized,
the manner of its preparation, the dosage, and, in some instances,
the time before an improvement in the condition of the patient was
expected. The latter book contains sections on Chippewa nouns
and their structure, on the various industries by which the tribe
maintained itself, and on the care and training of little children.
New material was submitted in the form of two manuscripts, Cer-
tain Customs of the Chippewa in Ontario, Canada, and Chippewa
Nouns and Their Structure, these titles corresponding to the prin-
cipal subjects under consideration. Three brief trips in Minnesota
and Wisconsin were made for this work. Miss Densmore also read
the page proof of her book on Northern Ute Music.

In February, 1922, Miss Densmore went to Yuma, Ariz., where
she remained six weeks. During that time she made a brief trip
to a Cocopa settlement located near the Colorado River and about
6 miles from the Mexican boundary. The older Cocopa living

66 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

at this point came from Mexico about 18 years ago and neither
they nor their children had a status in the United States. At this
time, however, they were enrolled under the Yuma Agency, Miss
Densmore assisting in the enrollment by writing their Cocopa names
in simple phonetic spelling. Forty Cocopa songs were recorded,
comprising songs of two representative dances and of a cremation
legend. For this work it was necessary to employ two interpreters.

It is the custom of both Cocopa and Yuma to cremate their dead,
and Miss Densmore witnessed a Yuma cremation soon after her arri-
val. The dead man had been a leading singer at cremations and the
ceremony was given with the elaborateness which would be accorded.
a chief. The songs were very old and are seldom used at the pres-

eent time. Miss Densmore obtained phonographic records of these
songs, as well as of the Kurok or Memorial ceremony which is held
each summer for the more important persons who have died during
the year. Images of the deceased persons are carried in the dances
of the Kurok and publicly burned. The history of these ceremonies,
with the songs, was obtained from the oldest man who is an au-
thority on the subject. It is the belief of these people that the spirit
departs from the body in the flame of the cremation.

A new musical form was found among the Yuma and Cocopa, con-
sisting of a “song cycle” which required an entire night for its
rendition and is commonly called a “story.” Each of these stories
has its designated accompaniment. Among the Yuma the accom-
panying instruments are a gourd rattle and an inverted basket struck
with a bundle of arrow-weed, a willow stick, or the palm of the hand.
Sometimes two bundles of arrow-weed or two willow sticks are used,
being held in the same hand. Specimens of these instruments were
obtained, also a bamboo flute and two bamboo fiageolets. The music
of the latter was phonographically recorded. The Yuma songs in-
cluded those of the treatment of the sick, those of games, and three
interesting lullabies.

The work among the Yaqui was conducted at Guadalupe village,
near Tempe, Ariz. The older Yaqui in this village were born in
Mexico. These Indians have received no favors from the United
States Government and support themselves by manual labor. They
seem happy and contented in their little desert village. Miss Dens-
more witnessed their deer dance and later recorded the songs from
one of the leading singers, a native of Mexico. The occasion of the
dance was the celebration of Easter eve. The songs were accom-
panied by playing upon four half gourds. The Yaqui have two dis-
tinct forms of music, one which appears to be entirely native and the
other showing a Mexican or Spanish influence.

A large proportion of the songs transcribed and heard during the
past year were accompanied by a gourd rattle, and are of unusual

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 67

musical value, both in pleasing melody and rhythmic interest. This
suggests an inquiry as to whether the songs accompanied by the rattle
are generally more musical than those accompanied by the drum.
It is interesting to note that the songs of the Yuma and Cocopa
resemble each other but differ entirely from the songs of the Papago
who live adjoining them. The songs of the Yaqui, so far as observed,
differ from both these tribes except in the frequent use of rests. The
rhythm of the rattle in Yuma and Cocopa performances is more
elaborate and contains more frequent changes than that of the ac-
companying instrument in any tribe thus far studied. A. correspond-
ence between the words of the song and the progressions of the
melody is particularly evident in these songs. |

Early in March, 1922, Dr. T. T. Waterman, ethnologist, proceeded
to Alaska, under temporary appointment in the bureau, with instruc-
tions from the chief to scrutinize certain native towns in southeastern
Alaska. His purpose was to ascertain how many totemic monuments
exist there, and to get information concerning the carvings. The
place of special interest was a former settlement of Alaskan’ Haida,
known as Kasaan. It was possible during the three months that
Doctor Waterman spent in Alaska to make a rapid survey not only
of Kasaan but of the towns known as Village Island, Tongass, Cape
Fox, Klinkwan, Howkan, Sukwan, Klawak, and Tuxekan. Some ex-
tremely interesting monuments, including many tall and imposing
totem poles, were examined and photographed. Charts or sketch.
maps were brought back from the field, which show the number of
monuments still standing in each town and their state of preserva-
tion. The observer was fairly successful in obtaining from the In-
dians an account of the meaning of the carvings on the poles, which
have never been adequately described. In many cases the carvings
refer to mythical tales, which are often of a very interesting type.

In addition to the work on the totemic monuments, the observer
recorded a relatively complete list of the native place names in the
southeastern part of Alaska. Many hundreds of these names were
entered on the map of the region, and translations and explanations
were obtained from the Indians. The work was fairly complete for
the area covered.

Under further instructions from the chief, Doctor Waterman ex-
amined the coast line of the part of Alaska which he visited, with a
view to discovering sites where archeological excavations might
possibly be conducted. The results of this work were largely nega-
tive. Asa matter of fact only one site was found where there seemed
to be archeological remains. This hasty survey seemed to indicate
that archeological remains in this part of Alaska are extremely
scanty.

68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

Returning to the bureau on June 15, Doctor Waterman began the
preparation of a report on the Alaskan monuments.

In the fall of 1921, Mr. W. E. Myer investigated sites in South
Dakota and western Missouri, known to have been occupied by the
Omahas and Osages in early historic times, after they had come in
contact with the whites but before they had been changed thereby
to any considerable extent.

Especial attention was paid to any resemblance to the ancient
cultures found in the valleys of the Ohio, Cumberland, and Ten-
nessee Rivers. This line of research was suggested by certain tradi-
tions of both the Omahas and the Osages, and other branches of the
great Siouan linguistic family, that they had at one time lived east
of the Mississippi River, and after many wanderings, stopping here
and there for years, finally reached their present homes in South
Dakota and western Missouri.

Mr. Francis La Flesche reported that the traditions of his people,
the Omahas, were that they had occupied two important villages on
what the Omahas call “ The Big Bend of the Xe,” at some time in the
seventeenth or eighteenth century.

Mr. Myer was enabled to locate these two ancient villages; one.
Split Rock site on the Big Sioux River, at its junction with Split
Rock River; the other where the Rock Island Railroad now crosses
the Big Sioux River, about 10 miles southeast of Sioux Falls. It is
here designated the Rock Island site.

Sometime in the seventeenth century the Omahas and Poneas re-
moved from the Pipestone region in Minnesota and finally, after
some further wanderings, built a fortified town on the Rock Island
site. While living in this fortified place they were attacked and de-
feated by an enemy, most probably the Dakotas, and finally forced
to leave the region. There is a tradition that they buried their dead
from this fight in a mound. This tradition was confirmed by excava-
tions made by Mr. A. G. Risty and Mr. F. W. Pettigrew, who report
finding a considerable amount of human bones. Some glass beads and
small copper bells of white man’s make were also found in one of these
mounds. There is evidence that this site was occupied somewhere
between 1700 and 1725.

After leaving the Rock Island site, the Omahas and Poncas roved
without long permanent settlements for several years, but finally re-
turned to the Xe and built a permanent village at Split Rock at the
junction of the Big Sioux and Spht Rock Rivers.

Mr. Myer spent the month of October, 1921, in exploring this Split
Rock site. Many interesting relics of the Omahas were here un-
earthed, which throw new light on the life of these people before they
had been very much changed by contact with the whites.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 69

‘The 30 mounds on the ridge between the two rivers mark the site
of that portion of the old town occupied by the Omahas. On a hill
one-half mile to the east was a group of 10 more mounds, occupied
by the Poncas before they split away from the Omahas.

By following the clues furnished by the traditions, three low
mounds were discovered on the tall ridge 14 miles to the west. These
- were said to have marked the lookouts for the main village; they

command a view, ranging from 6 to 15 miles, on all sides. The
mounds on the Split Rock site appear to have nearly all been used
for burial.

The exploration of mound No. 1, on the Omaha section of the town,
showed a beautiful little knoll on the edge of the steep, bluff-like bank
of Split Rock River. In its soil the Indians dug a shallow pit, about
12 by 6 feet, and 2 feet deep. Here were placed bones belonging to
five bodies, several of which appeared to have been buried after decay
of the flesh. One body appeared to have been closely flexed before
it was placed in the pit. The position of the skeleton of a horse with
a crushed frontal bone showed that when this body bundle had been
placed in the pit, a large horse, about seven years of age, had been
led to the knoll, and there killed. Then, over all these, a low, round-
topped mound, 60 feet across at the base and 54 feet in height, had
been raised.

Mound No. 2, the largest of the group, was round topped, 110 feet
across at the base, and 10 feet high. A rectangular charnel pit, 12 by
14 feet and 2 feet deep, had been dug in the surface of the soil near
the center of the town. This pit was thoroughly lined or coated with
a white layer about one-eighth inch in thickness, made from calcined
bones. The bottom and sides of the pit were then probably covered
with furs, now indicated by a thin layer of animal matter on the
white coating. Bones representing about 50 human beings had been
laid on the floor of this fur-lined pit.

Traces of the thin fur layer were also found on top of this solid
mass of human bones. Over this fur covering a layer of bark was
placed, and upon this bark earth had been spread to a depth of
from 3 to 6 inches. The earth was then smoothed and pressed down,
and on this surface a white coating, similar to that on the bottom
and sides, had been spread. Only one small, cylindrical copper bead
was found with all this mass of bones, and no object of white man’s
manufacture was found. There is evidence that this portion of the
site was occupied by the Omahas somewhere between 1725 and 1775.

While the Omahas and their kindred, the Poncas, lived together
at the Split Rock site some of the most important events in their
history took place. The united Omahas and Poncas and their old
enemies, the Cheyennes and Arikaras, here made a peace which
was concluded with great ceremony. At the urgent request of the

70 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

Arikara the sacred chant and dance of the calumet was used to ce-
ment this union.

In Vernon and Bates Counties, western Missouri, near the junction
of the Osage and Marmiton Rivers, Mr. Myer found several sites
known to have been occupied by the Osage Indians in early historic
times, shortly after they had come in contact with the whites.

The largest Osage village in Vernon County was situated at Old
Town, on Old Town Creek, about 34 miles south of Pikes village
of the Grand Osage. This site*covers about 40 acres and is the best
known of any of the Osage sites. It has yielded a large amount of
iron axes, gun ‘barrels, gunlocks, fragments of brass kettles, glass
beads, and other articles of early white manufacture, as well as
objects of purely aboriginal origin.

The most picturesque Indian site in this Osage region is Halleys
Bluff, on the Osage River, about 14 miles downstream from where
the Marmiton and Marais des Cygnes unite to form the Osage River.
There is evidence showing occupancy of this bluff by Indians long
before the coming of the white man and probably before the coming
of the Osages.

During the month of October, 1921, Mr. David I. Bushnell, jr.,
visited Scott Field, east of Belleville, Ill., for the purpose of getting
airplane pictures of the Cahokia mounds. The commanding officer
of the field, Maj. Frank M. Kennedy, appreciating the interest and
importance of the work, detailed Lieuts. Harold R. Wells and Ashley
C. McKinley, of the Air Service, to make the pictures. They suc-
ceeded in making some very interesting photographs of mounds in
the vicinity of Cahokia, as well as of the great mound itself, but
unfortunately the photographic apparatus at that time available at
Scott Field was not suitable, and although the pictures obtained were
not very clear, nevertheless no better results could have been secured
with the cameras which they were obliged to use. Four of the pic-
tures made by Lieutenants Wells and McKinley were reproduced as
Figures 101, 102, 103, and 104 in Explorations and Field Work of the
Smithsonian Institution in 1921 and should prove of special interest
as the first photographs of American earthworks made from the air.

The article in which the four airplane pictures were used was pre-
pared for the purpose of showing the great importance of the Cahokia
group and of the other related groups to the north, west, and south
of Cahokia. The southern group, although many of the units have
been destroyed, is of special interest. It is situated near the left
bank of the Mississippi, opposite Jefferson Barracks. Bits of pot-
tery, chips of flint, and other traces of a settlement, together with
stone-lined graves in the vicinity of the mounds, may indicate the
position of a village of one of the Illinois tribes two centuries or
more ago.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Fisk

Mr. B. 8. Guha’s visit among the Utes and the Navaho at Towoac
and Shiprock, respectively, during the summer of 1921 was under-
taken primarily with the object of finding any legends or myths
about the ancient Cliff Dwellers of Mesa Verde that might still sur-
vive among these people, and incidentally to collect as much material
about their social institutions as possible.

Mr. Guha arrived at Towoac on July 14, 1921, and spent a couple
of weeks visiting the different camps of the Utes. Among the Wimi-
nuche Utes, unfortunately, there does not appear to survive any
legends or myths about the Mesa Verde. All that could be gathered
from the oldest living members of the tribe was that when their an-
cestors first came to the Ute Mountain from the north, the whole
region from the La Plata to the Blue Mountains and from Dolores
to the San Juan was full of ruins such as now may be seen. They
were already abandoned, but there were signs of the cultivation of
corn about them.

After leaving Towoac Mr. Guha went to Shiprock, N. Mex., and
stayed there until September 5, 1921. Unlike the Utes, the Navaho
seem to possess survivals of myths about the ancient Cliff Dwellers
of Mesa Verde. How far these legends have any historical back-
ground it is difficult to say, but they at any rate suggest some earlier
and closer relationhip between them and the people who lived in the
ruins so liberally strewn over the entire region.

In September, 1921, Mr. John L. Baer, acting curator of Amer-
ican archeology in the United States National Museum, made an
investigation for the bureau of pictographic rocks in the Susque-
hanna River. In the middle of the river between Bald Friar and
‘Conowingo, Md., are a number of huge boulders of serpentine or
gabbro, bearing inscriptions, a few of which have been heretofore
described in the Tenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American
Ethnology and in Volume CCC (Lancaster County) Second Geo-
logical Survey of Pennsylvania. The largest and most important of
these pictographic rocks were found to be on Miles’ Island at the
head of Gray Rock Falls. Large surfaces of these rocks seem to
have been polished before the figures were pecked upon them. Pits,
grooved lines indicating tally marks, circles with radiating spokes,
concentric circles, faces, and fishlike outlines were the prevailing
figures observed.

Other groups of rocks between this island and Conowingo showed
equally interesting carvings, but not so profusely. A pyramid-
shaped rock standing well out in the rough and dangerous rapids
had several fish outlined near its apex. A slab which had been
broken from its original position and which might have been used
for a shad-dipping stand, was marked with outlines of two slender

72 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

fish and two tally marks. A number of interesting photographs and
drawings of these pictographs were secured.

In connection with a reconnoitering trip among the prehistoric
quarries and workshops along the Susquehanna in the spring of
1922, Mr. Baer again visited these pictographic rocks and secured
additional drawings and a number of plaster casts of the more
important figures. Prehistoric steatite quarries were traced from
ihe west side of the river at this point to Deer Creek in Harford
County, Md. Those showing most work and offering best oppor-
tunities for investigation are near Broad Creek in woodland owned
by James McLaughlin, near Robinson’s mill, and by W. C. Heaps,
Mill Green, Harford County, Md.

At a workshop below Peach Bottom, Lancaster, Pa., a number of
unfinished and broken banner stones of prochlorite were found. The
source of the material was located a short distance east of Bald Friar,
Md. A large number of unfinished banner stones of slate were
found at the workshop on Mount Johnson Island above Peach Bot-
tom where so many specimens had already been found. At Fishing —
Creek, Bare Island, and Henry Island evidences were found of con-
siderable camp sites. At New Park, and Fawn Grove in York
County, Pa., have been found large caches of rhyolite blades. At
both of these places and also at Peach Bottom in the same county
were many artifacts and indications of burial grounds. Interesting
specimens were secured from most of these localities.

EDITORIAL WORK AND PUBLICATIONS.

The editing of the publications of the bureau was continued
through the year by Mr. Stanley Searles, assisted by Mrs. Frances S.
Nichols. The status of the publications is presented in the following
summary :

PUBLICATIONS ISSUED.

Thirty-fifth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: Ethnology of the Kwakiutl
(Boas). Pts. 1 and 2. 1,481 pp.

Thirty-sixth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: The Osage Tribe: Rite
of the Chiefs; Sayings of the Ancient Men (LaFlesche). 604 pp., 23 pls.

Bulletin 73. Early History of the Creek Indians and their Neighbors (Swan-
ton). 492 pp., 10 pls.

Bulletin 74. Excavation of a Site at Santiago Ahuitzotla, D. F. Mexico (Toz-
zer). 56 pp., 19 pls.

Bulletin 75. Northern Ute Music (Densmore). 213 pp., 16 pls.

PUBLICATIONS IN PRESS OR IN PREPARATION.

Thirty-fourth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: A Prehistoric Island
Culture Area of America (Fewkes).

Thirty-seventh Annual Report. Accompanying paper: The Winnebago Tribe
(Radin).

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 73

Thirty-eighth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: An introductory Study
of the Arts, Crafts, and Customs of the Guiana Indians (Roth).

Thirty-ninth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: The Osage Tribe: The
Rite of Vigil (LaF lesche).

Bulletin 76. Archeological Investigations (Fowke).

Bulletin 77. Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan, and Caddoan Tribes west of
the Mississippi (Bushnell).

Bulletin 78. Handbook of the Indians of California (Kroeber).

Bulletin 79. Blood Revenge, War, and Victory Feasts among the Jibaro Indians
of Hastern Heuador (Karsten).

Bulletin 80. Mandan and Hidatsa Music (Densmore).

Bulletin 81. Excavations in the Chama Valley, New Mexico (Jeancon).

DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLICATIONS.
The distribution of publications has been continued under the im-

mediate charge of Miss Helen Munroe, assisted by Miss Emma B.
Powers. Publications were distributed as follows:

EMEC ee DOLLS. ANG SCPALAtTeS te eran eee N eel Dem My ee %, 19%
Bulletins andiseparatesi. 2) See ey stare Blog ba Se Nai sel acne adr Wa 6, 403
Contributions to North American Ethnology___-_+_-_____-________-______ 39
SHIM OMIT CHLOMS yt) a Bd oe eile ch yy ily dy iui rine gn sep eer ON De eS 13
Miscellaneous spublicabions )2 oa ei ae a ee Oh pea Shee 563

14, 215

As compared with the previous year, there was an increase of 1,420
publications distributed. There was a decrease of 57 names in the
mailing list.

ILLUSTRATIONS.
Mr. De Lancey Gill, illustrator, with the assistance of Mr. Albert

E. Sweeney, continued the preparation of the illustrations of the
bureau. A summary of this work follows:

Line and color drawings, including maps, diagrams, etc., intended for use

Ashiliastraslons LOL publienbions WA se Pou Ww eee wee eee 159
Tllustrations, including photographs retouched, mounted, and made

ready, for engraving. =o... es tee PNT ee 2 a suc ea De es SD Seg 1, 282
SMM StrAteTO TM TOOL OCG = i Le A ee 2 1, 034
Lithographic proof examined at Government Printing Office___________ 36, 000
Photographic work, negatives of ethnologic and archeologic subjects____ 242
Punts developed “from field exposurest=*= here is" sien 138
PrinisetorGistripution and ‘ofice uses = 0) Seek) OY ee oe oh RS
Te noi HOSI cant) GQOrOyee Sees Se A ee ee ee ee 1, 987

Mr. Sweeney was detailed for the month of June to prepare 100
or more negatives for the National Zoological Park.

LIBRARY.

The reference library continued in the immediate care of Miss Ella
Leary, librarian, assisted by Miss Julia S, Atkins and Mr. Samuel
H. Miller.

°

74 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

During the year 406 books were accessioned, of which 64 were
acquired by purchase, 120 by binding of periodicals, and 142 by
gift and exchange. The periodicals currently received number about
900, of which 33 are received by subscription, the remainder being
received through exchange. The bureau has also received 159
pamphlets, giving at the close of the year a working library of
24,561 volumes, 14,936 pamphlets, and several thousand unbound
periodicals.

In addition to the regular routine of library work, Miss Leary
has been able, with the assistance of Miss Atkins, to make rapid
progress toward the completion of the new subject catalogue, with
the result that about 18,000 catalogue cards have been filed during the
fiscal year.

The greatest need of the library is for more shelf room for its
publications, due to its growth during the past few years. The
library is greatly hampered by this need.

The posting of the monthly bulletin of new publications was
continued throughout the year.

During the year many students not connected with the Smithsonian
Institution found the library of service in seeking volumes not ob-
tainable in other libraries of the city. The library was used also by
the Library of Congress and officers of the executive departments,
and out-of-town students have called upon the lbrary for loans
during the year. In addition to the use of its own library it was
found necessary to draw on the Library of Congress from time to
time for the loan of about 400 volumes.

There were bound during the year 200 books, pamphlets, and serial
publications.

COLLECTIONS. :

The following collections, acquired by members of the bureau or
by those detailed in connection with its researches, have been trans-
ferred to the United States National Museum: ;

66880. Collection of Alaskan ethnologica made by the late Rev. Sheldon Jack-
son and purchased by the bureau from his daughter, Miss Leslie Jackson.
67105. Shell and pottery specimens from Ten Thousand Islands, Florida, col-
lected during the spring of 1921 by Mr. William Dinwiddie, Metuchen, N. J.

67112. Four stone objects. and two pottery fragments from “Bear” and
“Lewis” mounds, near Portsmouth, Ky., collected by Mr. Gerard Fowke dur-
ing the spring of 1921. ’

67225. Four pieces of pottery and eight pieces of flint, collected by Prof. J. E.
Pearce, of Austin, Tex., in eastern Texas during the summer of 1919.

67258. Collection of shell objects presented to the bureau by Charles T. HWarle,
of Palma Sola, Fla., found near Shaws Point, Fla.

67274. Collection of archeological objects secured by Dr. J. Walter Fewkes from
the Mesa Verde National Park, Colo., in the spring of 1920.

67398. Chunkey stone from Rowena, Ky.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 15

67451. Archeological objects collected near Austin and at “Burnt Rock”
mounds, Texas, by Prof. J. E. Pearce and Dr. J. Walter Fewkes.
67572. Collection of skeletal material secured by Mr. William HE. Myer in the
vicinity of the junction of Split Rock River and Big Sioux River, S. Dak.
67730. Archeological material collected in 1920 by Mr. W. HE. Myer for the
Bureau of American Hthnology in Williamson and Davidson Counties, Tenn.

68254. Collection of archeological objects from Rio Grande Valley, N. Mex.,
turned over to the bureau by Secretary Charles D. Walcott.

68255. Fragments of pottery from Indian burial on the Catawba River, N. C.,
sent to the bureau by J. Albert Holmes, Construction, N.C.

68256. Collection of Indian implements found on the terraces of Upatoi Creek,
and Chattahoochee River, Muscogee County, Ga., sent to the bureau by Mr.
A. T. Sweet, Columbus, Ga.

PROPERTY.

Furniture and office equipment were purchased to the amount of
$134.97.
MISCELLANEOUS.

Clerical._—The correspondence and other clerical work of the office
has been conducted by Miss May S&S. Clark, clerk to the chief. Mrs.
Frances S. Nichols assisted the editor. Mr. Anthony W. Wilding
served as messenger and typist to the chief.

Personnel.—Miss Julia 8, Atkins received a a appoint-
ment as stenographer March 1, 1922.

Dr. T. T. Waterman, who was appointed as temporary ethnologist
March 1, 1922, was detached from the bureau roll July 1 for six
weeks in order to lecture in the summer school of Columbia Univer-
sity, New York City.

Mr. Samuel H. Miller, messenger boy in the library, resigned June
23, 1922.

Mr. James Mooney, ethnologist, died December 22, 1921.

Respectfully submitted.

J. Watrer Frewxes,
Chief, Bureau of American Ethnology.
Dr. CHU D. Watocortt,
Secretary, MET Baeeh Institution.

APPENDIX 5.
REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera-
tions of the International Exchange Service during the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1922:

The appropriation granted by Congress for the support of the
service during the year was $50,000, the same as the amount for the
year 1921. The excess of these appropriations over those formerly
allowed for the system of international exchanges was designed to
meet the extraordinary expenses of forwarding, at the high ocean
and other transportation rates, the accumulations of packages that
were withheld awaiting the resumption of shipments to certain
foreign countries. In addition to the above appropriation, the usual
allotment of $200 for printing and binding was allowed by Congress.
The repayments from departmental and other establishments aggre-
gated $5,510.74, making the total resources available for carrying on
the system of exchanges for the year, $55,710.74.

During the year 1922 the total number of packages handled was
383,157, a decrease from the number for the preceding year of 68,314.
These packages weighed a total of 592,600 pounds, a decrease of
12,712. While in consequence of the return to nearly normal con-
ditions the figures just given show a falling off in the number and
weight of packages passing through the service from those handled
last year, the work during the fiscal year 1922 exceeded by 41,490 the
number of packages handled in 1914, just prior to the World War,
which indicates a steady increase in the work of the office.

The number and weight of the packages of different classes are
given in the following table:

Packages. Weight.
Sent. |Received.| Sent. |Received.
Pounds. | Pounds
United States parliamentary documents sent abroad-..-.....-... 133; 363 jo... 2208 82,9051)... 4a2b0.
Publications received in return for parliamentary documents...|.......... 25687 tock. eee 7,782
United States departmental documents sent abroad..........-. 128. 755:| ss. oso 191, 502: 5.5 2eeeee
Publications received in return for departmental documents....|.........- po P 22,600
Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications sent abroad...} 82,730 |.....-..... 222, (40g aoe
Miscellaneous scientific and literary publications received from
abroad for distribution in the United States..................|..-....--. 28,511") -. ose eee 65,070
GALE: ids fe GE a ae ol Al er ie aed 344,848 | 38,309} 497,148) 95, 452
Grand totale: yh J eses kek cub te ee ee sca wene peee sseaar ines 383, 157 592, 600

76

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Jin

It should be stated here that the disparity in the above figures be-
tween the number of packages sent and those received is accounted
for in part by the fact that packages transmitted abroad often con-
tain only one publication, while those received in return frequently
comprise many volumes. In some instances, especially in the case of
publications received in exchange for parliamentary documents, the
term “ package” is applied to large boxes containing many separate
publications. Furthermore, many returns for publications sent
abroad reach their destinatinnes in this country through the mails and
not through the exchange service.

I stated last year that the steps taken by the Institution looking to
the reopening of exchanges with Rumania and the establishment of —
relations with the newly formed Government of Jugoslavia had not
led to a successful result. The Governments of both those countries
expressed a desire to have the shipment of international exchanges
resumed as soon as conditions would permit, but nothing further was
heard from either of them. An offer made during the latter part of
the year by the Institutul Meteorologic Central, Bukharest, and the
Académie Royale Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Seaante. to serve
as agencies for their respective countries was therefore accepted by
the Institution, and a shipment of 26 boxes was made to the former
and 69 to the latter. The exchange agency in Rumania was formerly
the Academia Romana and in Serbia the Ministére des Affaires
Etrangéres.

During the year exchange relations have been established with the
newly formed Governments of Esthonia, Far Eastern Republic,
Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukrainia.

The conditions in Russia and Turkey have not yet improved suffi-
ciently to warrant the Institution in taking steps to renew the ex-
change of publications between those countries and the United States.

The Institution requested several New York forwarding agents to
submit rates for handling and forwarding exchange consignments
‘abroad, the rates to take effect on July 1, 1922. The proposal sub-
mitted Ae the present agents, Messrs. Davies, Turner & Co., 39 Pearl
Street, New York City, was found to be the lowest, and shipments
will therefore continue to be sent to foreign countries through that
firm.

There were shipped abroad during the year 3,215 boxes, being an
increase of 463 over the number for the preceding 12 months. This is
the largest number of boxes forwarded through the exchange service
in one year and is due in great measure to the opening of exchange
relations with Jugoslavia and several of the independent Russian
States, the packages for those countries having accumulated at the
Institution for several years. The number of boxes shipped was fur-

16984226

78

ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

ther augmented by the forwarding to Austria of a large number of
United States patent specifications that were held during the war.
Of the total number of boxes sent abroad 394 contained full sets of
United States official documents for foreign depositories, and 2,821
included departmental and other publications for depositories of
partial sets and for miscellaneous correspondents.
Tt is gratifying to state that during the year the office has been able
to return to its regular schedule of shipments to foreign countries.
Consignments are now being forwarded to Great Britain and Ger-
many weekly, to France and Italy semimonthly, and to all other

countries monthly.

The number of boxes sent to each country is given in the following

table:

Consignments of exchanges for foreign countries.

Country.

Argentina $12... 9: -. Be ee ee eee
AUIStT Ids hes aS tone coe eee eee

Number
of boxes.

Country.

Notherlands... :/t*.. . s..-¢42. foes
New South Wales... ..:.... 5-25 see eee
New Zealand. 2.00. ).1 2 See

Portugal. <-60.0- 408 <<. 5- po ee
Queensland’... ... ccs acces

———-

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 19
FOREIGN DEPOSITORIES OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENTAL
DOCUMENTS.

The number of sets of governmental documents forwarded abroad
through the International Exchange Service to foreign depositories
has been reduced during the year by one, the partial set formerly
sent to Montenegro having been discontinued as that country is now
a part of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which
receives a full set. The total number of sets of governmental docu-
ments distributed through the service is therefore 95, 57 full and
38 partial. The set sent to the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and
Slovenes is entered in the following list under Jugoslavia.

The name of the Austrian depository has been changed from the
Statistische Zentral Kommission to the Bundesamt fiir Statistik.

A complete list of the depositories is given below:

DEPOSITORIES OF FULL SETS.

ARGENTINA: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Buenos Aires.

AUSTRALIA: Library of the Commonwealth Parliament, Melbourne.

AUSTRIA: Bundesamt fiir Statistik, Schwarzenbergstrasse 5, Vienna I.

BADEN: Universitits-Bibliothek, Freiburg. (Depository of the State of Baden.)

BavaRidA: Staats-Bibliothek, Munich.

BELGIUM: Bibliothéque Royale, Brussels.

BraziLt: Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.

BueENosS Atres: Biblioteca de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. (Deposi-
tory of the Province of Buenos Aires.)

CANADA: Library of Parliament, Ottawa.

CHILE: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Santiago.

CuiInAa: American-Chinese Publication Exchange Department, Shanghai
Bureau of Foreign Affairs, Shanghai.

Cotomeis: Biblioteca Nacional, Bogota.

Costa Rica: Oficina de Depésito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, San
José.

CuBA: Secretaria de Estado (Asuntos Generales y Canje Internacional),
Habana.

CzECHOSLOVAKIA: Bibliothéque de l’Assemblée Nationale, Prague.

DENMARK: Kongelige Bibliotheket, Copenhagen.

ENGLAND: British Museum, London.

FRANCE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris.

GerMaNny: Deutsche Reichstags-Bibliothek, Berlin.

Grascow: City Librarian, Mitchell Library, Glasgow.

GREECE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Athens.

Harri: Secrétaire d’Etat des Relations Extérieures, Port au Prince.

Hunecary: Hungarian House of Delegates, Budapest.

‘Inpra: Imperial Library, Calcutta.

TRELAND: National Library of Ireland, Dublin.

Iraty: Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele, Rome.

JAPAN: Imperial Library of Japan, Tokyo.

Lonpon: London School of Economics and Political Science. (Depository of
the London County Council.)

MAnitTospa: Provincial Library, Winnipeg.

Mexico: Instituto Bibliografico, Biblioteca Nacional, Mexico.

80 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

NETHERLANDS: Bibliotheek van de Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal, The

Hague.
New SoutH WALES: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney.
NEw ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington.
Norway: Storthingets Bibliothek, Christiania.
OnTARIO: Legislative Library, Toronto.
Paris: Préfecture de la Seine.
Peru: Biblioteca Nacional, Lima.
PoLAND: Bibliothéque du Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Warsaw.
PortTuGaL: Bibliotheca Nacional, Lisbon.
Prussta: Preussische Staatsbibliothek, Berlin, N. W. 7
QurEBEC: Library of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec, Quebec.
QUEENSLAND: Parliamentary Library, Brisbane.
Russta: Public Library, Petrograd.
Saxony: Oeffentliche Bibliothek, Dresden.
SoutH AvusTRALIA: Parliamentary Library, Adelaide.
Spain: Servicio del Cambio Internacional de Publicaciones, Cuerpo Faculta-
tivo de Archiveros, Bibliotecarios y Arquedlogos, Madrid.
SWEDEN: Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm.
SWITZERLAND: Bibliothéque Fédérale Centrale, Berne.
TASMANIA: Parliamentary Library, Hobart.
TurKEY: Department of Public Instruction, Constantinople.
Union oF SoutH Arrica: State Library, Pretoria, Transvaal.
Urnvetay: Oficina de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Montevideo.
VENEZUELA: Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas.
Vicrorta: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Public Library of Western Australia, Perth.
WorttremBere: Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart.
YUGOSLAVIA: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Belgrade.

DEPOSITORIES OF PARTIAL SETS.

ALBERTA: Provincial Library, Edmonton.

ALSACE-LORRAINE: Bibliothéque Universitaire et Régionale de Strasbourg, Stras-
bourg.

BoxiviA: Ministerio de Colonizaci6n y Agricultura, La Paz.

Brazit: Bibliotheca da Assemblea Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,
Nictheroy. :

BREMEN: Senatskommission ftir Reichs- und Auswiirtige Angelagenheram

BritisH Cotumpra: Legislative Library, Victoria.

BriTIsH GUIANA: Government Secretary’s Office, Georgetown, Demerara.

BuxieGaria: Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Sofia. ut

CEYLON: Colonial Secretary’s Office (Record Department of the Library), Co-
lombo.

Ecuapor: Biblioteca Nacional, Quito.

Heyer: Bibliothéque Khédiviale, Cairo.

FINLAND: Central Library of the State, Helsingfors.

GUATEMALA: Secretary of the Government, Guatemala. \ os

Hameterc: Senatskommission ftir die Reichs- und Auswirtigen Angelegen-
heiten.

Hesse: Landesbibliothek, Darmstadt.

Honpuras: Secretary of the Government, Tegucigalpa.

JAMAICA: Colonial Secretary, Kingston.

Laryra: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Riga.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Sl

LiBeriA: Department of State, Monrovia.

Lovrengo Marquez: Government Library, Lourengco Marquez.

Ltseck: President of the Senate.

MaprAS, PROVINCE oF: Chief Secretary to the Government of Madras, Public
Department, Madras.

Mata: Lieutenant Governor, Veletta.

NEW Brunswick: Legislative Library, Fredericton.

NEWFOUNDLAND: Colonial Secretary, St. John’s.

Nicaragua: Superintendente de Archivos Nacicnales, Managua.

NORTHWEST ‘TERRITORIES: Government Library, Regina.

Nova Scorta: Provincial Secretary of Nova Scotia, Halifax.

PANAMA: Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Panama.

PARAGUAY: Oficina General de Inmigracion, Asuncion.

PRINCE EpwarpD ISLAND: Legislative’ Library, Charlottetown.

RuMAnNIA: Academia Romana, Bukharest.

SALvApor: Ministerio de Relaciones Hxteriores, San Salvador.

Sram: Department of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok.

Straits SETTLEMENTS: Colonial Secretary, Singapore. .

_ SWITZERLAND: Library of the League of Nations, Palace of Nations, Quai de
Leman, Geneva.

UNITED PROVINCES OF AGRA AND OupH: Undersecretary to Government, Alla-
habad.

VIENNA: Biirgermeister-Amt der Stadt Wien.

INTERPARLIAMENTARY EXCHANGE OF OFFICIAL JOURNALS.

The Library of the League of Nations, Geneva, Switzerland, and
the Riigi Raamatukogu, Toompea, Reval, Esthonia, have been added
to the list of those countries receiving the daily Congressional
~ Record.

Mention was made in my last report of the fact that the Govern-

‘ment of Poland had entered into the immediate exchange with the
United States, although it had not signified its adherence to the
Brussels convention providing for such exchange. During the year
the Institution was advised through diplomatic channels that the
Polish Government, in the exercise of the privilege granted to non-
signatory States by Article 2 of Exchange Convention B of March
15, 1886, had declared its adherence to that diplomatic instrument.

F ollowing is a complete list of the addresses to which the daily
Congressional Record is now sent: .
ARGENTINA: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Buenos Aires.

AUSTRALIA: Library of the Commonwealth Parliament, Melbourne.

AtstriI4: Bibliothek des Nationalrates, Wien I.

BAvDEN:: Universitats-Bibliothek, Heidelberg.

BELGIUM: Bibliothéque de la Chambre des Représentants, Brussels.

Bouivia: Camara de Diputados, Congreso. Nacional, La Paz.

Brazit: Bibliotheca do Congresso Nacional, Rio de Janeiro.

Buenos Arres: Biblioteca del Senado de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La

Plata.

CANADA:
Library of Parliament, Ottawa.
Clerk of the Senate, Houses of Parliament, Ottawa.

82 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

Costa Rica: Oficina de Deposito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, San
José,
CUBA:
Biblioteca de la Camara de Representantes, Habana.
Biblioteca del Senado, Habana.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Bibliotheque de Assemblée Nationale, Prague.
DENMARK: Rigsdagens Bureau, Kgbenhayn.
EsrHonta: Riigi Raamatukogu, Toompea, Reval.
FRANCE:
Bibliothéque de la Chambre des Députés, au Palais Bourbon, Paris.
Bibliothéque du Sénat, au Palais du Luxembourg, Paris.
GREAT Brivain: Library of the Foreign Office, Downing Street, London, 8. Ww. nes
GREECE: Library of Parliament, Athens.
GUATEMALA: Biblioteca de la Oficina Internacional Centro-Americana, 8a Galle
Poniente No. 1, Ciudad de Guatemala.
HonpurAS: Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional, Tegucigalpa.
Huneary: Bibliothek des Abgeordnetenhauses, Budapest.
EAT Vac
Biblioteca della Camera dei Deputati, Palazzo di Monte Citorio, Rome.
Biblioteca del Senato del Regno, Palazzo Madama, Rome.
LIBERIA: Department of State, Monrovia.
New SoutH WAtLEs: Library of Parliament, Sydney.
New ZEALAND: General Assembly Library, Wellington.
Peru: Camara de Diputados, Congreso Nacional, Lima.
PoLAND: Monsieur le Ministre des Affaires Etrangéres, Warsaw.
PortuGaL: Bibliotheca do Congresso da Republica, Lisbon.
Prussia: Bibliothek des Abgeordnetenhauses, Prinz-Albrechtstrasse 5, Berlin,
SW: 11
QUEENSLAND: The Chief Secretary’s Office, Brisbane.
RuMANIA :Bibliothéque de la Chambre des Députés, Bukharest.
RUSSIA: Sendings temporarily suspended.
SPAIN:
Biblioteca del Congreso de los Diputados, Madrid.
Biblioteca del Senado, Madrid.
SWITZERLAND:
Bibliothéque de Assemblée Fédérale Suisse, Berne.
Library of the League of Nations, Geneva.
TRANSVAAL: State Library, Pretoria.
Union oF SoutH Arrica: Library of Parliament, Cape Town.
Urvucuay: Bibliotheca de la Camara de Representantes, Montevideo.
VENEZUELA: Cimara de Diputados, Congreso Nacional, Caracas.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Library of Parliament of Western Australia, Perth.
YucGostaAvia: Library of the Skupshtina, Belgrade.

The total number of copies of the daily Congressional Record set
aside by law for exchange with foreign legislative bodies is 100. It
will be seen from the above that this exchange is conducted with 44
establishments.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE AGENCIES.

It will be noted from the following list of exchange agencies that
shipments are now being made to Esthonia, the Far Eastern Re-
public, Yugoslavia, Latvia, Lithuania, Rumania, and Ukrainia.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 83

The Teachers’ College at Vladivostok is the agency for the Far
Eastern Republic; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Riga, for
Latvia; the Académie Royale Serbe des Sciences et des Arts at
Belgrade, for Yugoslavia; and the Institutul Meteorologic Central
_in Bukharest, for Rumania. Only a few packages have thus far
been received for Lithuania, and, for the present, transmissions to
that country will be made through the mails. Shipments were made
to the university libraries at Dorpat and at Odessa, with the request
that those libraries distribute the consignments and also act as the
agencies for Esthonia and Ukrainia, respectively. As these ship-
ments were not made until near the close of the year, replies have
not yet been received from those establishments. It is anticipated,
however, that both will consent to serve as exchange agencies.

A eeplete list of the foreign exchange agencies or bureaus is
given below:

ALGERIA, via France.

ANGOLA, via Portugal.

ARGENTINA: Comisién Protectora de Bibliotecas Populares, Calle Cordoba 931,
Buenos Aires.

AUSTRIA: Bundesamt ftir Statistik, Schwarzenbergstrasse 5, Vienna I.

AZORES, via Portugal.

BELGIUM: Service Belge des Hchanges Internationaux, Rue des Longs-Chariots
46, Brussels.

BouniviA: Oficina Nacional de Estadistica, La Paz.

Brazit: Servico de Permutacdes Internacionaes, Bibliotheca Nacional, Rio de
Janeiro.

BRITISH CoLoNIES: Crown Agents for the Colonies, London.

BRITISH GUIANA: Royal Agricultural and Commercial churn Georgetown.

BRITISH HonpuRAS: Colonial Secretary, Belize.

BuLeAria: Institutions Scientifiques de S. M. le Roi de Bulgarie, Sofia.

CANARY ISLANDS, via Spain.

CHILE: Servicio de Canjes Internacionales, Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago.

CHINA: American-Chinese Publication Exchange Department, Shanghai Bureau
of Foreign Affairs, Shanghai.

CHOSEN: Government General, Keijo.

CoLtomBiA: Oficina de Canjes Internacionales y Reparto, Biblioteca Nacional,
Bogota.

Costa Rica: Oficina de Depésito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, San
José.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Service Tehécoslovaque des Echanges Internationaux, Biblio-
théque de 1’Assemblée Nationale, Prague 1-79.

DANzIG: Stadtbibliothek, Danzig.

DENMARK : Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Copenhagen.

DurcH GuIANA: Surinaamsche Koloniale Bibliotheek, Paramaribo.

Ecuapor: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Quito.

Eceypr: Government Publications Office, Printing Department, Bulaq, Cairo.

EstHonta: Negotiations to establish an agency now pending.

Far EAstern REPUBLIC: Teachers’ College of the Far Eastern Republic, Vladi-

vostok.
FINLAND: Delegation of the Scientific Societies of Finland, Helsingfors.

84 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

FRANCE: Service Francais des Echanges Internationaux, 110 Rue de Grenelle,
Paris.

GERMANY: Amerika-Institut, Universitiitstrasse 8, Berlin, N. W. 7.

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND: Messrs. Wheldon & Wesley, 2, 8, and 4 Arthur St.,
New Oxford St., London, W. C. 2.

GREECE: Bibliothéque Nationale, Athens.

GREENLAND, via Denmark,

(GUADELOUPE, via France.

GUATEMALA: Instituto Nacional de Varones, Guatemala.

GUINEA, via Portugal.

Haiti: Secrétaire d’Etat des Relations Extérieures, Port au Prince.

Honpuras: Biblioteca Nacional, Tegucigalpa.

Huncary: Dr. Julius Pikler, Fovarosi Telekértéknyilvantart6é Hivatal (City
Land Valuation Office), K6zponti Varoshaiz, Budapest III.

ICELAND, via Denmark.

InprA: Superintendent of Stationery, Bombay.

IraLy: Ufficio degli Scambi Internazionali, Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio
Emanuele, Rome.

JAMAICA: Institute of Jamaica, Kingston.

JAPAN: Imperial Library of Japan, Tokyo.

JAva, via Netherlands.

Latvia :Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Riga.

LIBERIA: Bureau of Exchanges, Department of State, Monrovia.

LITHUANIA: Sent by mail.

LouRENCO MarquEz: Government Library, Lourengco Marquez.

LUXEMBURG, via Germany. ‘a

MADAGASCAR, Vid France,

MADEIRA, vid Portugal.

MozAMBIQUE, via Portugal.

NETHERLANDS: Bureau Scientifique Central Néerlandais, Bibliothéque de
lAcadémie technique, Delft.

NEw GUINEA, via Netherlands.

New SourH WALEs: Public Library of New South Wales, Sydney,

New ZEALAND: Dominion Museum, Wellington. .

Nicaragua: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Managua.

Norway: Kongelige Norske Frederiks Universitet Bibliotheket, Christiania.

PANAMA: Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, Panama.

PARAGUAY: Servicio de Canje Internacional de Publicaciones, Seccién Consular
y de Comercio, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Asuncion.

Peru: Oficina de Reparto, Depdésito y Canje Internacional de Publicaciones,
Ministerio de Fomento, Lima.

Potanp: Bibliothéque du Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres, Warsaw.

PortTuGAaL: Seecio de Trocas Internacionaes, Bibliotheca. Nacional, Libson.

QUEENSLAND: Bureau of Exchanges of International Publications, Chief Secre-
tary’s Office, Brisbane.

RuMANIA: Institutul Meteorologic Central, Ministerul Agriculturei, Bukharest.

Russia: Shipments temporarily suspended.

SALVADOR: Ministerio de Relaciones Hxteriores, San Salvador.

Sram: Department of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok.

SourH AUSTRALIA: Public Library of South Australia, Adelaide. ;

Spatn: Servicio del Cambio Internacional de Publicaciones, Cuerpo Facultativo
de Archiveros, Bibliotecarios y Arquedlogos, jal pie i

Sumatra, via Netherlands.

Seeley, Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien, Stockholn.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 85

SWITZERLAND: Service des Hchanges Internationaux, Bibliothéque Fédérale Cen-
-trale, Berne.

Syria: American University of Beirut.

TASMANIA: Secretary to the Premier, Hobart.

TRINIDAD: Royal Victoria Institute of Trinidad and Tobago, Port-of-Spain.

TUNIS, via France. ’

TURKEY: Shipments temporarily suspended.

UKRAINIA: Negotiations to establish an agency now pending.

Union oF SoutH Arrica: Government Printing Works, Pretoria, Transvaal.

UrvuGuay: Oficina de Canje Internacional, Montevideo.

VENEZUELA: Biblioteca Nacional, Caracas.

VicrorIA: Public Library of Victoria, Melbourne.

WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Public Library of Western Australia, Perth.

YuGostayvia: Académie Royal Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, Belgrade.

RULES GOVERNING THE TRANSMISSION OF EXCHANGHS.

A revised edition of the circular containing a brief description of
the service and the rules under which packages are accepted for dis-
tribution, was published at the close of the year and is here repro-
duced for the information of any who may desire to make use
of the service in the forwarding of publications.

In effecting the distribution of its first publications abroad, the Smith-
sonian Institution established relations with many foreign scientific societies
and libraries, by means of which it was enabled to materially assist institu-
tions and individuals of this country in the transmission of their publications
abroad, and also foreign societies and individuals in distributing their publi-
eations in the United States.

In more recent years the Smithsonian Institution has been charged with the
duty of conducting the official exchange bureau of the United States Gov-
ernment, through which the publications authorized by Congress are ex-
changed for those of other Governments; and by a formal treaty it acts as
intermediary between the learned bodies and scientific and literary societies
of this and other countries for the reception and transmission of their pub-
lications.

Attention is called to the fact that this is an international and not a
domestic exchange service, and that it is designed to facilitate exchanges be-
tween the United States and other countries only. As publications from
domestic sources for addresses in Hawaii, the Philippine Islands, Porto Rico,
‘and other territory subject to the jurisdiction of the United States do not
come within the designation ‘‘ international,’ they are not accepted 2 the
Institution for transmission through the service.

Packages prepared in accordance with the rules enumerated mets will
be received by the Smithsonian Institution from individuals or institutions
of learning in the United States and forwarded to their destinations abroad
through the various exchange bureaus or agencies in other countries. Many
of these bureaus and agencies will likewise receive from correspondents in
their countries such publications for addresses in the United States and its
dependencies as may be delivered to them under rules similar to those pre-
scribed herein, and will forward them to Washington, after which the Insti-
tution will transmit them to their destinations by mail free of cost to the
recipients.

86 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

On the receipt of a consignment from a domestic source it is assigned a
“record number,’ which number is, for identification purposes, placed on
each package contained therein. After the packages have been recorded
they are packed in boxes with consignments from other senders and are
forwarded by freight to the bureaus or agencies abroad which have under-
taken to distribute exchanges in those countries. To Great Britain and
Germany shipments are made weekly, to France and Italy semimonthly, and
to all other countries consignments are forwarded at intervals not exceeding
one month.

The Institution assumes no responsibility in the transmission of packages
intrusted to its care, but at all times uses its best endeavors to forward ex-
changes to their destinations safely and as promptly as possible. [Especial
attention should be called in this connection to the time ordinarily required
for packages sent through the exchange service to reach their destinations.
To Great Britain and Germany, for example, where weekly shipments are made,
the average time for a package to reach its destination is about six weeks. In
some instances the period is much shorter and in no case should it be longer
unless there is some unavoidable delay at the ports of embarkation or debarka-
tion. To those countries to which shipments are made at semimonthly and
monthly intervals, the time of delivery is of course somewhat longer, depending
on the distance and also whether packages are received at the Institution im-
mediately before or after qa shipment. If, therefore, advance notices are
mailed by senders, mention should be made of the above facts in order that
consignees may expect some delay between the receipt of notices and the
arrival of packages. In cases where greater dispatch is desired, publica-
tions should be forwarded by the senders to their foreign destinations direct
by mail.

RULES.

The rules governing the Smithsonian International Exchange Service are as
follows:

1. Consignments from correspondents in the United States containing pack-
ages for transmission abroad should be addressed—‘ Smithsonian Institution,
International Exchanges, Washington, D. C.,” and forwarded with carriage
charges to Washington prepaid.

2. In forwarding a consignment the sender should mail a letter to the
Institution, stating by what route it is being shipped, and the number of
boxes or parcels which it comprises. A list giving the name and address of
each consignee should also be furnished. This request should invariably be
complied with for record.

8. Packages should be legibly and fully addressed, using, when practicable,
the language of the country to which they are to be forwarded. In order to
avoid any possible dispute as to ownership, names of individuals should be
omitted from packages intended for societies and other establishments.

4. Packages should be securely wrapped and cardboard used if necessary
to protect plates from crumpling.

5. Letters are not permitted in exchange packages.

6. If donors desire acknowledgments, packages may contain receipt forms
to be signed and returned by the establishment or individual addressed.
Should publications be desired in exchange, a request to that effect may be
printed on the receipt form or on the package.

7. The work carried on by the International Exchange Service is not in any
sense of 2 commercial nature, but is restricted to the transmission of pub-

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 87

lications sent as exchanges or donations. Books sold or ordered through
the trade are, therefore, necessarily excluded.

8. Specimens are not accepted for distribution, except when permission has
been obtained from the Institution.

Respectfully submitted.
C. G. ABBor,
Assistant Secretary,
In Charge of Library and Fachanges.
Dr. Cuaries D. Watcort,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

!

APPENDIX 6.
REPORT ON THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK.

Sir: I have the honor to present the following report on ‘the
operations of the National Zoological Park for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1922:

The appropriation allowed by Congress in the sundry civil act
approved March 4, 1921, for the regular maintenance of the park
was the same as for the preceding year, $125,000, with the usual
additional allotment of $200 for printing and binding. The sum of
$2,500, together with an unobligated balance of $2,403.66 left from
the appropriation for alteration of boundaries, 1921, was: also made
available, as a continuing appropriation, for the purchase of land
to correct the eastern boundary line near the Adams Mill Road
entrance.

The year has been one of the most successful in the history of the
park. A number of minor permanent improvements have been
completed, progress has been made on some larger undertakings,
and the grounds have been maintained in a condition gratifying
to all who are interested in the great natural beauty of the reserva-
tion. At the close of the year the collection is larger, and of more
importance, than ever before; more different species are on exhibi-
tion, and the actual number of animals is greater than in any previous
year; there are more than the usual number of rare and valuable
specimens; the births have been numerous; and the death rate has
been kept at a low mark. For the third successive year the attend-
ance has exceeded 2,000,000.

ACCESSIONS.

Gifts—No less than 217 animals, an unusual number, were added
to the collection as gifts, or were placed by friends of the park on
indefinite deposit. Special mention in this connection should be
made of two important collections from South America.

The collections of living animals made by Dr. William M. Mann
on the Mulford Biological Exploration of the Amazon Basin reached
the park on April 15, 1922. Included were 15 mammals, 50 birds,
and 17 reptiles that arrived in perfect condition, and a very few
others lost from the effects of travel. These were all generously
presented to the park by the H. K. Mulford Co., of Philadelphia.

gs

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 89

Doctor Mann is to be congratulated on his success in bringing to
the country live representatives of several species from Bolivia and
western Brazil that have never before been shown. The red-faced
spider monkey, black-headed woolly monkey, pale capuchin, choliba
screech owl, Bolivian penelope, short-tailed parrot, Maximilian’s
parrot, blue-headed parrot, Cassin’s macaw, golden-crowned paro-
quet, Weddell’s paroquet, orange-winged paroquet, and golden-
winged paroquet are new to the collection.. These and other rarities
are mostly from the Rio Beni, Bolivia, and the upper Rio Madeira,
Brazil, localities from which animals seldom find their way into
collections. Other species, including such rare birds as the festive
parrot, Amazonian caique, and white-backed trumpeter, while not
new to the park records, are unusual. There were also some showy
birds and small mammals from the lower Amazon as well as an
excellent collection of living reptiles. On account of the great pro-
portion of rare species it contained and the unusually good condi-
tion of the specimens on arrival, the Mulford Explorations collection
easily ranks as the most important accession received from tropical
America in some years.

Mr. W. J. La Varre, jr., continuing his donations from personal
exploration of out-of-the-way parts of South America, presented
28 birds and mammals from the interior of British Guiana. Con-
spicuous among these are a cock of the rock, a Hahn’s macaw, and
two dusky parrots, all new to the collection. Mr. La Varre also
succeeded in landing a young red howler monkey. The cock of the
rock, a. young bird in immature plumage on arrival, has now de-
veloped into full color and is one of the most showy and attractive
exhibits in the bird house.

Mr. Victor J. Evans, of Washington, D. C., long a regular con-
tributor to the collection, purchased and placed on indefinite de-
posit a Cape great-eared fox and two yellow-billed hornbills, both
species new to the records of the park. The long-eared fox, received
from South Africa, is doubtless the first representative of its species
ever exhibited alive in America.

_ Sixty-eight individual donors contributed to the collection during
the year. The complete list is as follows:
' Mrs. Benjamin HE. Abbott, Washington, D. C., Virginia opossum.

Dr. Arthur A. Allen, Ithaca, N. Y., 10 greater scaup ducks.

American Express Co., Washington, D. C., 4 chipmunks.

Mrs. R. P. Andrews, Washington, D. C., Cuban parrot.

Mr. Carl Bandrexler, Washington, D. C., copperhead.

Mr. Murrell Barkley, Washington, D. C., 2 tovi paroquets.

Mrs. A. H. Baum, Washington, D. C., alligator.

Mrs. William R. Bedell, Washington, D. C., blue-fronted parrot.

Mr. John M. Blanton, Washington, D. C., Texas red wolf.
Mrs. Grace Boone, New Midway, Md., American coot.

90 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

Mr. M. G. Butler, Dillwyn, Va., great horned owl.

Mr. Thomas F. Callahan, Washington, D. C., great horned owl.

Canadian Government, through Hon. J. B. Harkin, yak.

Mr. Madison Clark, Washington, D. C., great horned owl.

Mrs. John L. Clem, Washington, D. C., zebra finch.

Mr. M. Cochrane, La Plata, Md., American barn owl.

Mr. N. B. Davis, Washington, D. C., alligator.

Mr. Harrison H. Dodge, Mount Vernon, Va., red and blue and yellow macaw-

Miss Josephine Duffey, Alexandria, Va., crab-eating macaque.

Mr. J. H. Evans, Washington, D. C., skunk.

Mr. Victor J. Evans, Washington, D. C., great-eared fox and two yellow-
billed hornbills.

Commander Frank Jack Fletcher, United States Navy, Washington, D. C.,
grass paroquet.

Mrs. Kenneth L. Frye, Chevy Chase, Md., sulphur-crested cockatoo.

Mr. H. C. Fuller, Washington, D. C., brown capuchin.

Mrs. E. W. Gibb, Washington, D. C., raccoon.

Gude Bros. Co., Washington, D. C., alligator.

Miss Emma T. Hahn, Washington, D. C., 4 canaries.

Hon. Warren G. Harding, White House, Washington, D. C., coyote.

Mr. Mitchell Harrison, Nokesville, Va., raccoon.

Mr. Caleb R. Hathaway, Chevy Chase, Md., Virginia opossum.

Mr. Odis B. Hinnant, Washington, D. C., banded rattlesnake.

Mr. Allen Hoover, Washington, D. C., two alligators.

Mr. M. A. Horner, Seward, Alaska, Alaskan bald eagle.

Mr. S. F. Howland, Silver Springs, Md., barred owl.

Kazim Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., Roanoke, Va., bald eagle.

Mr. R. A. Kishpaugh, Fredericksburg, Va., two alligators.

Mr. S. Seibert Knode, Boonsboro, Md., red-tailed hawk and two American
barn owls.

Mr. W. J. La Varre, jr.. Washington, D. C., red howler monkey, cock of the
rock, Hahn’s macaw, 2 dusky parrots, 3 orange-winged parrots, and 20 blue-
winged parrotlets.

Mr. Harry L. Light, Washington, D. C., festive parrot.

Mr. Edward Lucas, Silver Springs, Md., jumping mouse.

Dr. C. L. Marlatt, Washington, D. C., yellow-headed parrot.

Dr. CG. B. Masson, Washington, D. C., one black snake and five copperheads.

Mr. Richard McCann, Washington, D. C., woodchuck.

Mr. Edward B. McLean, Washington, D. C., kinkajou and brown pelican.

Miss Sara G. Meetze, Washington, D. C., red fox.

Mrs. Charles Middleton, Silver Hill, Md., bald eagle.

Mulford Biological Exploration of the Amazon Basin, through Dr. William M.
Mann, red-faced spider monkey, douroucouli, titi monkey, 2 woolly monkeys,
2 pale capuchins, 2 agoutis, 6 tamarins, toucan, choliba screech owl, guan,
penelope, 2 razor-billed curassows, 2 white-backed trumpeters, short-tailed
parrot, Maximilian’s parrot, mealy parrot, 3 blue-headed parrots, 4 festive
parrots, Cassin’s macaw, white-eyed paroquet, 4 golden-crowned paroquets,
4 Weddell’s paroquets, 7 orange-winged paroquets, 8 golden-winged paroquets.
7 Amazonian caiques, spectacled cayman, and 16 South American turtles.

Mr. C. Bland Payne, Richmond, Va., sparrow hawk.

Miss Dorothy Pickells, Washington, D. C., brown capuchin.

Mr. Marshall Pickett, Brentwood, Md., screech owl.

Mr. Jack Polkinhorn, Washington, D. C., painted turtle.

Mr. J. S. Ritz, Altoona, Pa., two sparrow hawks.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 91

Commander John David Robnett, United States Navy, Washington, D. CG.,
two Santo Domingo parrots.

Mr. Richard J. Scharf, Washington, D. C., two alligators.

Mr. Edward 8. Schmid, Washington, D. C., jackdaw, Canadian porcupine, and
two Virginia opossums.

Mr. Harry Seamon, Takoma Park, Md., barred owl.

Mrs. Albert Semler, Hagerstown, Md., two American barn owls.

Dr. R. W. Shufeldt, Washington, D. C., glass-snake.

Mr. Robert Stabler, Washington, D. C., black snake.

State Game, Fish and Forest Fire Department, Lansing, Mich., through
Hon. John Baird, four coyotes.

Mrs. Anna P. Stewart, Chevy Chase, Md., two canaries.

Mrs. Lucy N. Towson, Washington, D. C., canary.

Mr. J. EK. Tyler, Washington, D. C., three moceasins.

Mr. Edward White, Washington, D. C., albino squirrel.

Hon. Arthur H. Wight, Port of Spain, Trinidad, British West Indies, capybara.

Mr. J. Warren Wood, Silver Springs, Md., weasel.

Mrs. Lena D. Woodard, South Washington, Va., barred owl.

Mr. L. T. Zbinden, Washington, D. C., yellow-headed parrot.

Births.—During the year 58 mammals and 28 reptiles were born,
and 64 birds were hatched in the park. These records include only
such as are reared to a reasonable age, no account being made in
these published statistics of young that live only a few days. Mam-
mals born include: Manchurian tiger, 4; dingo, 6; Florida otter, 3;
raccoon, 2; gray wolf, 1; hippopotamus, 1; Rocky Mountain sheep, 1
tahr, 1; East African eland, 1; American bison, 1; llama, 1; Indian
antelope, 1; Virginia deer, 3; hog deer, 2; Japanese deer, 5; fallow
deer, 2; red deer, 5; barasingha, 1; brush-tailed rock wallaby, 2;
rufous-bellied wallaby, 3; black-tailed wallaby, 1; great red kanga-
roo, 5; wallaroo, 1; Trinidad agouti, 2; rhesus monkey, 2; green
guenon, 1. Reptiles: Ground rattlesnake, 1; copperhead, 27. Birds
hatched were of the following species: Greater snow goose, Canada
goose, wood duck, pintail, black duck, mallard, American coot, black-
crowned night heron, peafowl, ring-necked pheasant, and European
wood pigeon.

The young Manchurian tigers were born August 19, 1921, and at
the close of the year were fine, thrifty animals, of good growth. The
hippopotamus, born April 27, 1922, is the third young successfully
reared in the gardens from the same pair of animals. The success
in rearing a young mountain sheep ram last year makes it seem
probable that the lamb born this spring will also develop into a
perfect animal.

Exchanges.—A number of valuable animals were received in ex-
change for surplus stock. The accessions include 19 mammals, 166
birds, and 8 reptiles. Special mention should be made of a panda,
three yellow-footed rock wallabies, an aard-wolf, and a Hagenbeck’s
mangabey, none of which have before been on exhibition in the

92 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

gardens. The panda is the only Old World representative of the
raccoon family and is an animal of striking appearance. It comes
from the high Himalaya Mountains of northern India. The aard-
wolf of South Africa has probably never before been shown alive in
America, It is related to the hyenas but is chiefly insectivorous in
its habits and lacks the powerful dental equipment of most of the
carnivores. Other mammals received in exchange are a lioness,
aoudad, great anteater, cape bushbuck, sable antelope, two Malay
tapirs, a wombat, brown woolly monkey, anubis baboon, vervet
guenon, and two Japanese monkeys.

Among the birds received in exchange special mention should be
made of the following species: Hawaiian goose, bean goose, Euro-
pean pochard, tufted duck, European lapwing, greater vasa parrot,
and African black vulture.

A regal python, 25 feet long, was received in exchange. This is
the largest snake ever exhibited in the park.

Purchases.—A. brindled gnu from South Africa, and a young male

American elk, were purchased during the year. In addition to these
a few small common mammals and birds were purchased at low cost. -

Transfers.—An especially fine collection of ostriches, 12 birds in
all, were transferred to the park from the United States poultry ex-
periment station, Bureau of Animal Industry, Glendale, Ariz. The
lot includes selected representatives of the Somaliland, Nubian, and
South African species, and comprises probably the finest show of
ostriches in America.

Through the Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, were
received a number of animals collected by field agents of. the
bureau. These include a badger from Mr. R, E. Bateman, Billings,
Mont.; 2 gray wolves from Mr. Charles J. Bayer, Cheyenne,
Wyo.; 7 beavers from Mr. Vernon Bailey, chief field naturalist; a
wood duck and a cardinal from Mr. George A. Lawyer, chief game
warden; a desert tortoise from Mr. M. E. Musgrave, Phoenix,
Ariz.; and 12 Florida gopher tortoises from the survey labora-
tories.

The Bureau of Fisheries, Department of Commerce, contributed
5 specimens of the snapping turtle.

REMOVALS.

Surplus animals to the number of 44 were sent away during the
year in exchange for other stock. Among these were the following
mammals that had been born and reared in the park: Indian water
buffalo, 1; American bison, 1; Rocky Mountain sheep, 1; Indian
antelope, 1; llama, 2; guanaco, 1; red deer, 7; Japanese deer, 3;

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 93

barasingha, 1; dingo, 2; gray wolf, 1; European brown bear, 4; red
kangaroo, 2; and rufous-bellied wallaby, 2.

A number of animals on deposit were returned to owners.

While the death rate has been kept low for the collection as a
whole, there have been some serious losses of animals long in the
park. The records of some of these, interesting because of longey-
ity in captivity, are as follows: A black vulture (Coragyps urutu)
received as a bird of the year November 26, 1900, was killed by its
cage mate, a bird of the same species, December 28, 1921, 21 years,
1 month, and 2 days after arrival. A female South American
tapir, received from Demerara August 28, 1901, then about 4 years
of age, died September 7, 1921, after 20 years and 10 days of life
in the National Zoological Park. Nine young were born to this
animal during this period, seven of which were reared. The im-
mediate cause of death was tuberculosis. A male gray wolf (Canis
nubilus), born in the park March 29, 1905, died at an age of 16
‘years, 3 months, and 5 days, on July 4, 1921. A male llama, born
in the park April 28, 1907, died of pyemia at an age of 14 years, 10
months, and 7 days, on March 7, 1922. A female California sea
lion received May 25, 1907, died 14 years, 2 months, and 5 days
after arrival on July 30, 1921. A cariama (Cariama cristata) re-
ceived from Dr. Clemente Onelli, director of the Municipal Zoologi-
cal Gardens, Buenos Aires, March 14, 1908, died 13 years, 4 months, |
and 1 day later, on July 15, 1921. A grizzly bear, male, received
from the Yellowstone National Park July 29, 1908, died March 27,
1922. This bear was about 34 years old on arrival, lived in the park
13 years, 7 months, and 28 days, and its death was clearly due
to advanced age. The female harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), re-
ceived January 19, 1910, died of enteritis on March 9, 1922, after 12
years, 1 month, and 18 days of life in the park. A female wart —
hog, presented by Mr. W. N. McMillan, which reached the park
December 19, 1909, died July 29, 1921, 11 years, 7 months, and 10
days after arrival. A female kinkajou (Potos flavus), received
from Panama June 17, 1910, died after 11 years, 1 month, and 5
days of life in the park, on July 22, 1921. A female Woodhouse’s
wolf (Canis frustror), born in the park April 17, 1911, died Janu-
ary 7, 1922, at an age of 10 years, 8 months, and 21 days. A female
gray coatimundi (Vasua narica) received April 2, 1918, died Feb-
ruary 22, 1922, after 8 years, 10 months, and 20 days in the park.
The European badger (Jeles meles) received from the London
Zoological Gardens May 1, 1915, died 6 years, 6 months, and 11
days later, on November 12, 1921.

Other serious losses include the Florida manatee from septic
peritonitis, July 16, 1921; Mongolian wild horse (Hguus przewal-

16984227

94 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

skit) from inflammation of bladder, November 27, 1921; an Arabian
camel, hemorrhagic cystitis, April 3, 1922; a female Rocky Moun-
tain sheep from metroperitonitis, June 6, 1922; two Count Raggi’s
birds of paradise, enteritis, February 7 and 9, 1922; and the last
trumpeter swan, the property of Mr. R. M. Barnes, Lacon, IIL,
which had been on deposit since April 15, 1917. The swan died
of tuberculosis of the liver on June 14, 1922.

Post-mortem examinations were made, in most cases, by the
pathological division of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Two
examinations were made by Dr. Adolph H. Schultz, of the Carnegie
Institution, Laboratory of Embryology, and one by Dr. C. W.
Stiles at the Hygienic Laboratory, Bureau of Public Health. Serv-
ice. The following list shows the results of autopsies, the cases
being arranged by groups:

CAUSES OF DEATH.

MAMMALS,

Marsupialia: Congestion of lungs, 1; pleurisy and pneumonia, 1; enteritis,
2; septicemia, 1; accident, 1; old age, 1.

Carnivora: Pneumonia, 1; tuberculosis, 2; enteritis, 1; gastroenteritis, 3;
old age, 1; no cause found, 1.

Rodentia: Tuberculosis, 1; septic pleuropneumonia, 1; enteritis, 2.

Primates: Bronchopneumonia, 1; tuberculosis, 1; enteritis, 1; gastroenteri-
tis, 1; colitis, 2; parasitic peritonitis, 2.

Artiodactyla: Pneumonia, 1; verminous bronchopneumonia, 2; pleurisy, 1;
tuberculosis, 1; enteritis, 1; metroperitonitis, 1; hemorrhagic cystitis, 1;
pyemia, 1; anemia, 1; accident, 1; no cause found, 1.

Perissodactyla: Tuberculosis, 1; prolapse of rectum, 1.

Sirenia: Peritonitis, 1.

BIRDS.

Ratitz: Pleurisy and peritonitis, 1.

Ciconiiformes: Aspergillosis, 1; enteritis, 1; anemia, 3; no cause found, 5.

Anseriformes: Tuberculosis, 6; aspergillosis, 1; enteritis, 1; abscess of in-
testine, 1; no cause found, 4.

Faleoniformes: Anemia, 1; no cause found, 1.

Galliformes: Enteritis, 4; anemia, 1.

Gruiformes: No cause found, 1.

Charadriiformes: Pneumonia, 2; aspergillosis, 1; no cause found, 2.

Coraciiformes: No cause found, 1.

Passeriformes: Aspergillosis, 1; enteritis, 4; abscess of lung, 1.

REPTILES.

Serpentes: No cause found, 1.

A total of 68 specimens—26 mammals, 25 birds, and 17 reptiles—
of special scientific importance, were transferred after death to
the United States National Museum. Four dead mammals were de-

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

95

livered for scientific investigations to the Carnegie Laboratory of ©

Embryology, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore; two to
the American Museum of Natural History, New York City; and
one to the Hygienic Laboratory, Public Health Service, Washing-
ton, D. C. Four skins of birds were added to the reference collec-
tion of “ dealers’ cage birds” in the office of the National Zoological

Park.

ANIMALS IN THE COLLECTION JUNE 30, 1922.

MAMMALS.

MARSUPIALIA.
Virginia opossum (Didelphis virgini-
CLOT SS AAS IE OUR Oe aE IRE
Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harri-
N77) ee Re a Se A 8) ea MLL
Australian opossum (TZrichosurus vul-
OEE THUC) ROeRe N08 See oe 1

Flying phalanger (Petaurus breviceps)_—
Brush-tailed rock wallaby (Petrogale
IVETE GULL CIEAD) rain i ae oe ek
Yellow-footed rock wallaby (Petrogale
TROL DIDS Sa ES a ae
Rufous-bellied wallaby (Macropus bil-

UTA AG RIAU BEE ES PRENSA ENT A RSS:
Black-tailed wallaby (Macropus bDi-
(GETI EP) es tp BT | Lp la Hs fori
Black-faced kangaroo (Macropus mela-
TU OIS)) peo m areca Ss eee

Wallaroo (Macropus robustus) —_~-____
Red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) ——--_~
Wombat (Phascolomys mitchelli) --___

CARNIVORA.

Kadiak bear (Ursus middendorff) --__
Alaska Peninsula bear (Ursus gyas) —-
Yakutat bear (Ursus dalli) _-------_-_
Kidder’s bear (Ursus kidderi) _--_-_--_-_-
European bear (Ursus arctos)-—-----~
Grizzly bear (Ursus horribilis) _-_____
Apache grizziy (Ursus apache) —------~
Himalayan bear (Ursus thibetanus) —--_
Black bear (Ursus americanus) -------
Cinnamon bear (Ursus americanus cin-

LUCHTE OTN) GI eee eee
Florida bear (Ursus floridanus) —--___~
Glacier bear (Ursus emmonsii) —--_-_~
Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) —--~~
Sloth bear (Melursus ursimus) ------~
Folar bear (Thalarctos maritimus) —--
Mineo, (Canis: dingo) = 2-2 2! EE ei
Eskimo dog (Canis familiaris) __----_
Gray wolf (Canis nubilus) ___-_-_-____
Southern wolf (Canis floridanus) —____
Woodhouse’s wolf (Cams frustror) —--_
Texas red wolf (Canis rufus) _-~-__-__

PHEW tp

BPRHONWNHHHED

CARNIVORA—continued,

Coyote (Canis latrans)
Plains coyote (Canis nebracensis)____
Red fox (Vulpes fulva)_-__________
Great-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) __
Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) —
Cacomistle (Bassariscus astutus)_____
Panda (Ailurus fulgens)__._________
Raccoon (Procyon lotor) _.---_______
Gray coatimundi (Naswa narica)_____
Kinkajou (Potos flavus) _____________
Mexican kinkajou (Potos flavus azte-

G1 S)) pret ee aS NAN SUN SSN
Weasel (Mustela noveboracensis) _____
Tayra (Tayra barbara) __~_-~__~______
Skunk (Mephitis nigra) --___________

Florida otter (Lutra canadensis vaga) —

Palm civet (Paradogcurus hermaphro-
CE ATUL AS)) TRAPS oes GS Us Pe Step Me ce aap Ng SEE

DAE) fee sa ee RM ENT ae lea eeyal
Aard-wolf (Proteles cristatus)._____
Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)—___
Striped hyena (Hyena hyend)_______
African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) —_
Thion? (Helis leo) = 9s a0 Ake ee
Bengal tiger (Felis tigris) ___-_____.__
Manchurian tiger (Felis tigris longi-

Leopard (Felis pardus)—____________
Hast African leopard (Felis pardus

SUCILECILC) a ses We a Le
Jaguar (Helis onca) 2 ee
Brazilian ocelot (Felis pardalis brasili-

ELIT) aad donde ea Mu eso A UO pte Ct
Snow leopard (Felis wncia)-________
Mexican puma (felis azteca)________
Mountain lion (Felis hippolestes)____
Canada lynx (Lynw# canadensis) _____
Northern wild cat (Lyn# uinta)_____
eva Mayan a (LSU FeO TOS) ests ee

PINNIPEDIA.

California sea-lion (Zalophus cali-
i ONSTUCOTULL Sy pee see an aoa anc ea

NEP OREP REO A

lod HO Pwd Ree iss) wwe ee

a

NwWRrRwWNe Re

96

ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

-ANIMALS IN THE COLLECTION JUNE 30, 1922—Continued.

MAMMALS—continued.

RODENTIA.

Woodchuck (Marmota monagv)-—~---~-~-
Dusky marmot (Marmota flaviventris
obscura)
Prairie-dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) —-
White-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys
gunnisoni)
Antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus
LEUCUTUS) 22 ae a eee ba ee
Arizona antelope squirrel (Ammosper-
mopiilus harris) ----——-—=+=—---_—
Chipmunk (Hutamias neglectus) —----
Albino squirrel (Sciwrus carolinensis) —

Baird’s pocket mouse (Perognathus
PUGS) ee eRe eee ee
Bailey’s pocket mouse (Perognathus
baileyi) ha 22 2 Se eee

Jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius) —_-
Montana white-footed mouse (Peromys-
cus leucopus aridulus) —-----------
Nebraska ~white-footed mouse (Pero-
myscus maniculatus osgoodi) ___--_~
African porcupine (Hystrix africeaus-
ETUC) ee De ee ee erred cnet
Malay porcupine (Acanthion brach-
OIL eee
Coypu (Myocastor coypus) —_--_-----
Central American paca (Ouwniculus paca

UU GUUS) =e ee ee ee
Mexican agouti (Dasyprocta meai-
CONT) a eS |. 2 Me Re ee eee

Sooty agouti (Dasyprocta fuliginosa) _
Speckled agouti (Dasyprocta punc-

tata)
Panama agouti (Dasyprocta punctata

AS ERIMNACH ee See ee
Azara’s agouti (Dasyprocta azare@) __-
Trinidad agouti (Dasyprocta rubrata) —
Crested agouti (Dasyprocta cristata) —

Yellow-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta
lucifer cayenne) 222 22-2 Se
Peruvian guinea pig (Cavia tschudi
DUUCON pa ee

Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) —__--_--
Capybara (Hydrocherus hydrocheris) -

LAGOMORPHA.

Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cunicu-
fA Tp) ele abla te Fala UL ohh a a a al Sa

EDENTATA.,

Great anteater (Myrmecophaga tri-

dactyla)

PRIMATES.

Red-faced spider monkey (Ateles pa-
UAB CULS Yas ee ee a eee Sa
Feline douroucouli (Aotus infulatus)_—~
Brown woolly monkey (Lagothria infu-
NGEG ee
Black-headed woolly monkey (Lagothrix
WOCTACOIG) ee ee ee ee

orf

_ nord

1 00

18

me

PRIMATES—continued.

White-throated capuchin (Cebus capu-

CUS) 5 = 32 AS eye ee
Pale capuchin (Cebus unicolor) ——~_--__
Brown eapuchin (Cebus fatwellus) —___
Azara’s capuchin (Cebus azare)
Titi monkey (Saimiri sciwreus) ___--_
Negro tamarin (Cercopithecus ursulus) _—
Chaema (Papio. porcarius) ~~ 2-2 222—
Anubis baboon (Papio cynocephalus) __
Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) —
Hast African baboon (Papio ibeanis) —
Mandrill (Papio sphing) 22.2——- 222
Drill (Papio teucoph@mus) —==_ 2252225
Moor macaque (Cynopithecus maurus) _
Barbary ape (Simia sylvanus) ——_-~--_
Brown macaque (Macaca speciosa) —---
Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) __

Pig-tailed monkey (Macaca nemes-
HIND) Dene es ee ee
Burmese macaque (Macaca andama-
NEnNSt8) 2s ee eee

Rhesus monkey (Macaca rhesus) —--_---~
Bonnet monkey (Macaca sinica) ~---~-_
Crab-eating macaque (Macaca irus) —-_
Javan macaque (Macaca mordaz) __---
Black mangabey (Cercocebus aterri-

MUS) 2 tan ne ee
Sooty mangabey (Cercocebus fuligino-

Hagenbeck’s mangabey (Cercocebus

hagenbeck?) ——. =. = eee
White-collared mangabey (Cercocebus

torquataus)) = — 2 a eee
Green guenon (Lasiopyga callitrichus) —
Vervet guenon (Lasiopyga pygery-

ChTO) 2 ee ee
Mona (Lasiopyga mona) —~~--___-~-__--
Roloway guenon (Lasiopyga roloway) —
Patas monkey (Hrythrocebus patas) —_
Chimpanzee (Pan satyrus) ~_--------~
Orang-utan (Pongo pygmeus) ——--____

ARTIODACTYLA.

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) 2-—--=-— Baas
Wart-hog (Phacocherus ethiopicus) ~~
Collared peceary (Pecari angulatus) ___
Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus am-

phibius). o> > oa ee eee
Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) —
Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) —
Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) ~_----------
Llama. (Lama. glama) —-------- === ==
Alpaca (Lama pacos)-—--------------
Fallow deer (Dama dama) --~---------
Axis deer (A@7s davis) = 222 eae
Hog deer (Hyelaphus porcinus) ------
Sambar (Rusa unicolor) __--_---------
Barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelit) ---_
Burmese deer (Rucervus eldti) _-_----
Japanese deer (Sika nippon) —--------
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) ----------

NENW EF BH PP epee ewe

a

awe OoONnmMwWAroOwW ee Re ee

be

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

ANIMALS IN THE COLLECTION JUNE 30, 1922—Continued.

ARTIODACTYLA—continued.

Kashmir deer (Cervus hanglu)_______
Bedford deer (Cervus zanthopygus) __~
American elk (Cervus canadensis) __-~
Virginia deer (Odocoileus virginianus) —
Panama deer (Odocoileus chiriquensis) —
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) ——__~
Black-tailed deer (Odocoileus colum-

bianus)

Blesbok (Damaliscus albifrons) —~----
White-tailed gnu (Connochetes gnow) —
Brindled gnu (Connochetes taurinus) —
Lechwe (Onotragus leche) --_----L--_
Sable antelope (Hgocerus niger) —-----
Indian antelope (Antilope cervicapra) —
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) _---
East African eland (Taurotragus ory#

livingston)
Cape bushbuck (Tragelaphus sylvati-

cus)
Tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) ____--_
Mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) —
Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) ——_-_---~-

RATITA.

South African ostrich (Struthio aus-
tralis )
Somaliland ostrich (Struthio molybdo-
j DTG) ee
Nubian ostrich (Struthio camelus)——-
Rhea (Rhea americana) —__----------

Sclater’s cassowary (Casuarius piui-

ig) eee

Emu (Dromeus novehollandie) —__-_-
CICONIIFORMES.

American white pelican (Pelecanus

erythrorhynchos) —~----—-----~-----

Buropean white pelican (Pelecanus

ONOCKOLOWUIS 2 == eS ee ee
Roseate pelican (Pelecanus roseus) ——-

Australian pelican (Pelecanus con-
SPICULLaLUS)) == 2 = See eee
Brown pelican (Pelecanus occiden-
(ATION) eee ne ee

Florida cormorant (Phalacrocorar

auritus floridanus) —~__-_-_---------
Great white heron (Ardea occiden-

7Giis) Se oe eee
Goliath heron (Ardea goliath) _------
American egret (Casmerodius egretta) —
Snowy egret (Hgretta candidissima) —-
Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorar

nycticorax nevius) ——_------~-----~
Boatbill (Cochlearius cochlearius) —_--
White stork (Ciconia ciconia) -----_--
Black stork (Ciconia nigra) —__—---_-
Indian jabiru (Xenorhynchus asiati-

Cus)

=
Nr oO Os to

NPRPEHP RYDE

(gy)

—
So

qo
co co et ho oO

eB bh bt co

=

MAMMALS—continued.

ARTIODACTYLA—continued.

Rocky Mountain sheep (Ovis canaden-

SUS) SN y SG EVAN 9 PENA) TIES
Arizona mountain sheep (Ovis cana-

densis gaitlardi) 22 foe ae
Barbados sheep (Ovis aries) _________
Zebu (Bos indicus) -_______________
Yak (Poéphagus grunniens)__________
American bison (Bison bison) _______
Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) _____

PERISSODACTYLA.

‘Malay tapir (Tapirus indicus) _______

Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) __
Grant’s zebra (Hquus quagga granti)_
Grevy’s zebra (Hquus grevyi)—-__-___
Zebra-horse hybrid (Hquus grevyi-ca-
LU UALS)) the eet Nada GE BSAA SA
Zebra-ass hybrid (Hquus grevyi-asi-
UALS) ) Sh i os LU eh I
PROBOSCIDBA.
Abyssinian elephant (Lozodonta afri-
cana oxyotis)
Sumatran elephant (Hlephas swmatra-
QU SI) Lito AS) ate Ly GUA in be

CICONIIFORMES—continued.
Straw-necked ibis
CO UUES) parece ees a ee el te
Sacred ibis (Threskiornis ethiopicus) —
Australian ibis (Threskiornis stricti-
pennis )
White ibis (Guara alba) -___________
Searlet ibis (Guara rubra) -—_-_______
Roseate spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja)—----_~
European flamingo (Phenicopterus
AOS CUS) peaerp sa ae cise) EDL Pe ae

(Carphibis spini-

ANSERIFORMES.

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) —_-_-_-~
Black duck (Ands rubripes) —__-_-__-
Australian black duck (Anas suwper-

CALLG SW) Bie Et eae
Gadwall (Chaulelasmus streperus) —_—
European widgeon (Mareca penelope) —
Baldpate (Mareca americana) —~—__----
Green-winged teal (Nettion carolin-

CTUS Cy ae A St oe ts OA eG eels dl °

European teal (Nettion crecca)—-—-__-
Baikal teal (Nettion formoswm) ——_-__
Blue-winged teal (Querquedula dis-

cors )
Farganey (Querquedula querquedula)—
Cinnamon teal (Querquedula cyanop-

tera)
Shoveller (Spatula clypeata) ~------~
Pintail (Dajila acuta) __-__-_______
Wood duck (Ai#v sponsa)_-__-___-______
Mandarin duck (Dendronessa galeri-

CULAU pees ee ye epee Mi | Peved fay 8
Canvasback (Marila valisineria) —____-

97

98

ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

ANIMALS IN THE COLLECTION JUNE 30, 1922—Continued.

BIRDS—continued.

ANSERIFORMES—continued.

European pochard (Marila ferina) ~~~
Redhead (Marila americana) —~~------+-
Ring-necked duck (Marila collaris) —-~
Tufted duck (Marila fuligula)~-------
Lesser scaup duck (Marila affinis) --__-
Greater scaup duck (Marila marila) ~~
White-eyed duck (Marila nyroca) —--_~
Rosy-billed pochard (Metopiana pepo-

SOCO) 222 ja ea ee oe

Egyptian goose (Chendloper cegyptia-
CAMBY! LO Og Ee a eee Ma hae
Upland goose (Chloéphaga leucop-
TOV DY Lee 2 SE ae Ce os ae

SUS) a eae gs
Snow goose (Chen hyperboreus) —_---~~
Greater snow, goose (Chen hyperboreus

VAVETS) 222A LE SN TE OSA ee
Blue goose (Chen cerulescens) ~~-----
White-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) —
American: white-fronted goose (Anser

albifrons) «gambelt) _2UL298u. _CRUESs
Bean goose (Anser fabalis) --_-----_~_
Bar-headed goose (Hulabeia indica) ~~~
Canada goose (Branta canadensis) ~~
Hutchins’s goose (Branta canadensis

PUCCTARS) tae See ee
Cackling goose (Branta canadensis

NANI) Se ee Be A Be
Brant (Branta bernicla glaucogastra) —
Barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) ---~
Spur-winged goose (Plectropterus gam-

OGRSUS) ee es eee
Pied goose (Anseranas semipalmata) —_
Black-bellied tree duck (Dendrocygna

qutimimnadlis) ao oe Se ee
BHyton’s tree duck (Dendrocygna ey-

HOT) SSeS Ree eee 2 Se
White-faced tree duck (Dendrocygna

DICUGLE) tas =e See
Mute swan (Cygnus gibbus)—---------
Whistling swan (Olor columbianus) —~-
Black swan (Chenopis atrata)—~-------

FALCONIFORMES.
South American condor (Vultur gry-
TAGE) OS ae Se ee ee
California condor (Gymnogyps_ cali-

fornianus) See ee eee
Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) —----
Black vulture (Coragyps urubwu)----~-
King vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) —--
Secretary bird (Sagittarius serpen-
CAVAUS) Se ee eee
Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus)—--~--~
African black vulture (Torgos trache-
OCHS) Ea ee eS foe eee
Cinereous vulture (Aegypius mona-
C)u8) A oe le Sea er 400
Caracara (Polyborus cheriway)-—-----
Wedge-tailed eagle (Uroaétus audaz)—
Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaétos) ~~~
White-bellied sea eagle (Ouncuma Teu-
Ccogaster) (SL GeO See ed eee

La ee bo RH oo tO - Noe b bt

Bm bo bo bo

to

rALCONIFORMES—continued.

Bald eagle (Halieetus leucocephalus) —
Alaskan bald eagle (Haliewetus leuco-

cephalus” atascantsy <2
Broad-winged hawk (Buteo platypte-

TUS ae 2
Red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis) —---~
Sparrow hawk (Falco sparverius) _——-~

GALLIFORMES.

Razor-billed curassow (Mitu mitw)-—-~
Penelope (Penelope boliviana) —__-__~
Guan (Ortalis albiventris) _____---___
Chachalaca (Ortalis vetula) --_------_
Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) _--------___
Peacock pheasant (Polyplectron bical-

caratum) = == 4 ee
Silver pheasant (Genneus nyctheme-

TUS): = ae
Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus tor-

quatua) ——~ 3 e Le e
Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) ~-----
Gambel’s quail (Lophortyx gambelit) --
Valley quail (Lophortyx californica

vallicola) 222-23 eee ee
Sealed quail (Callipepla squamata) —--_

GRUIFORMES.

East Indian gallinule (Porphyrio

Cal0us) fo. eee
American coot (Fulica americana) ——_
South Island weka rail (Ocydromus

australis), +. 22-4ebee ee Bea
Short-winged weka (Ocydromus brac-

hypterus)) 225 2-63 eee ee
Earl’s weka (Ocydromus earli) -------
Whooping crane (Grus americana) —---~
Sandhill crane (Grus mexicana) --_-_~
Little brown crane (Grus canadensis) —
White-necked crane (Grus leucauchen) —
Indian white crane (Grus_ leucogera-

tay ee Ere SE ee
Lilford’s crane (@rus lilfordi) _-__-----
Sarus crane (Grus collaris) _---------
Australian crane (Grus rubicunda) —__
Demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo) —
Crowned crane (Balearica pavonina) _-
White-backed trumpeter (Psophia leu-

coptera) <2 eae eee

Kagu (Rhynochetos jubatus) sae AA

CHARADRIIFORMES,

Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) —~-~---~~
Yellow-wattled lapwing (Lobivanellus
indicus) j= ee, 9 eee
Pacific gull (Gabianus pacificus) —----
Great black-backed gull (Larus ma-
rinus) eee ee le eee
Herring gull (Larus argentatus) —-_--
Laughing gull (Larus atricilla) -------
Australian crested pigeon (Ocyphaps
lophotés) _-__----------~-~--------
Bronze-wing pigeon (Phaps chalcop-
GONG) make ee eee

13

ist)

10TH

x
Pe BR bb

a

ON

oo

HOWHHD

0 ell

BO

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

ANIMALS IN THE COLLECTION JUNE 30, 1922—Continued.

BIRDS—continued.

CHARADRIIFORMES—continued.
' Wonga-wonga pigeon (Leucosarcia pi-
cata)
Wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) ____
Mourning dove (Zenaidura macroura) —
Necklaced dove (Spilopelia tigrina) ___
Zebra dove (Geopelia striata) ________
Bar-shouldered dove (Geopelia humer-
GANGES SES a RENAE aI
Inca dove (Scardafella inca) _____-_~
Cuban ground dove (Chemepelia pas-
SCRING OflGUidd,) s4 8 vo Lg
Green-winged dove (Chalcophaps in-
diea)
New Guinea green dove (Chalcophaps
CHIU SOCWLORG)) vee ic) Mes Ngee a,
Ringed turtle-dove (Streptopelia
risoria)

PSITTACIFORMES.

Kea (Nestor notabilis) ~_-__________
Cockateel (Calopsitta novehollandie) —

Roseate cockatoo (Kakatoe roseica-
AVVO gas Sf ses Ba ernpe: sh etalenee 2 wail
Bare-eyed cockatoo (Kakatoe gym-
MODUS) eae es eee A peel Puri Fess
Leadbeater’s cockatoo (Kakatoe lead-
GEGtEni) aaa. — ews es Neal tgs
White. cockatoo (Kakatoe alba) _-__
Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Kakatoe
COC TLC) AL — Se se tes, a peg, eee
Great red-crested cockatoo (Kakatoe
MOTUCEENSIS)_ Seavey goeeaeie

Cassin’s macaw (Ara auricollis)_____

Mexican green macaw (Ara meai-
CONG) wat w Saslerpesi deh) | Serpe y spe)
Blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara. ara-
TOUNG))| {ois Sis pea il AAR op
Red-and-blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara
AIDC OO) 2 Se See ot eA ee

Hahn’s macaw (Diopsittaca hahni)___
White-eyed paroquet (Aratinga leuco-

PAT ETILCLUIIU ALS) se 2 a as ee
Golden-crowned paroquet (Hupsittula
LTC Op) ek a ae oN aaa eT ey gS
Weddell’s paroquet (Hupsittula wed-
LRAT) CS Eel aa Se ee CS

Blue-winged parrotlet (Psittacula pas-
SALAD ge eS AOR EE URS, 5 fA
scens)

Tui paroquet (Brotogeris stthome@)___

Golden paroquet (Brotogeris chryso-
sema)

Tovi paroquet (Brotogeris jugularis) —_

Orange-winged paroquet (Brotogeris
CHUM) R ec Nees ee ey
Yellow-naped parrot (Amazona auro-
MANAG): sh Nee eae

Yellow-cheeked parrot (Amazona au-
tumnalis )
Mealy parrot (Amazona farinosa) —__-
Orange-winged parrot (Amazona ama-
eonica)

WR bo oO eK

Lod bo bo

to

Be

]

PSITTTACIFORMES—continued.

Blue-fronted parrot (Amazona estiva) —
Red-crowned parrot (Amazona viridi-

GO TUGUUS)) as a a INE Np
Double yellow-head parrot (Amazona
OT OWID))| sk ie Beh NN oe
Yellow-headed parrot (Amazona ochro-
COD NGUG) Ba eke hardest oes Niu ye

Festive parrot (Amazona festiva)____
Santo Domingo parrot (Amazona ven-

EV GUIS) — Ate EA er nn eh) shin
Cuban parrot (Amazona leucocephala) _—

Maximilian’s parrot (Pionus mazgi-
MITANT)SL LEER, WES ARTE ONES
Blue-headed parrot (Pionus men-
SEU AS) | sees ares eal wb a
Amazonian caique (Pionites santho-
MIVE TING) ea eae A Siar 2 USN La

Short-tailed parrot
brachyurus )
Lesser vasa parrot (Coracopsis nigra) —

(Graydidascalus

Greater vasa parrot (Coracopsis
OSG), Si at Ro ee eee LA A Me Ra
Pennant’s paroquet (Platycercus ele-
OG) Aesth ee NN
Rosella paroquet (Platycercus ea-
TNUAUS) PLE AG au ehh EY ee Tey By rp SL
Black-tailed paroquet (Polytelis mela-
DUPE VAD AASENG Dawah Se poe ad

gis)
Ring-necked paroquet (Conurus tor-

WETS) Aa Sa Be ae URN oat PD ENS
Nepalese paroquet (Conurus nepalen-
ES TES}) ee aut ease se a ly ele Sat yd
Grass paroquet (Melopsittacus wun-
CE MY AA ALY HSS) ES Sea Rel PSR Do cy Seb CN
CORACIIFORMES.

Giant kingfisher (Dacelo gigas) _______
Yellow-billed hornbill (Lophoceros leu-

comelas)
Barred owl (Strig varia) ____----___-
Snowy ow! (Nyctea nyctea)_—~--______
Sereech owl (Otus asio) _-=_--______-
Choliba screech owl (Otus choliba) ___
Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) —
American barn owl (Tyto perlata pra-

tincola)
Ariel toucan (Ramphastos ariel) __--~

PASSHRIFORMES.

Cock of the rock (Rupicola rupicola) _
Silver-eared hill-tit (Mesia argen-

CUTS) ae eo hae | LR
Red-billed hill-tit (Liothriz luteus) ~~
Black-gorgeted laughing-thrush (Gar-

rulaz pectoralis) :
White-eared bulbul

(Otocompsa léu-

Huropean blackbird (Turdus merula) ——
Piping crow-shrike (Gymnorhina tibi-
cen)

LECOUS) | RES Die Mah Pam a ewees a ee

28)

o>
pas

Uw et -y bo i

ay
ve

i) Se)

i)

100

ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.”

ANIMALS IN THE COLLECTION. JUNE 30, 1922—Continued.

BIRDS—continued.

PAS SERIFORMES—continued.

Australian crow (Corvus coronoides) —_
Jackdaw (Corvus monedula) ——-~-----
Yucatan jay (Cissilopha yucatanica) —_
Blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) _---__-
Green jay (Xanthoura luxuosa) ------
Australian gray jumper (Struthidea
CANETED OSE. SES Wie bo WE
Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) ——--------
Crimson tanager (Ramphocelus dimi-
diatus)
Blue tanager (Thraupis cana) —------
Pin-tailed whydah (Vidua principalis) -
Paradise whydah (Steganura para-
disea)
Shaft-tailed whydah (Zetrenwra regia) _
Napolean weaver (Pyromelana afra) —-
Red-billed weaver (Quelea quelea) —--~-
Madagascar weaver (Foudia, madagas-
cariensis )
Fire finch (Lagonosticta senegala) ~---
Strawberry finch (Amandava aman-
EGU) ar s5 a I dng eer ba een crsoe heen hE
Cordon bleu (Estrilda phenicotis) ~---
Nutmeg finch (Munia punctulata) —---
White-headed nun (Munia maja) —-~--
Black-headed nun (Munia atricapilla) —
Java fineh (Munia oryzivora)———-----
White Java finch (Munia oryzivora) —_
Fawn-and-white bengalee (Uroloncha
flavomaculata)
Brown-and-white bengalee (Uroloncha
OPISECOMACIUVED) he ee
Masked grassfinch (Poéphila perso-

TUG) eee ow a ss
Black-faced Gouldian finch (Poéphila
COU TOMN GS) aoe ee ee ee
Red-faced Gouldian finch (Poéphila
MUA iS) 2 eS eee te ener SS

Hew HN F OF HW HH

WR OH OD mow

= 09

We}

PASSERIFORMES—continued.

Diamond finch

tata)
Zebra finch (Teniopygia castanotis) —
Cut-throat finch (Amadina fasciata) -_-
Vera Cruz red-wing (Agelaius pheni-

ceus richmond) 2. ee
Purple grackle (Quiscalus quiscula@) —_
Yellow-backed cacique (Cacicus cela)-
Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula)—-------
Greenfinch (Chloris chloris)---------
Yellowhammer (Hmberiza citrinella) —-
European goldfinch (Carduelis car-

dwelis) S202 2 ea ae ee ee
Bramblefinch

gilla)
European siskin (Spinus spinus) —--_-~
Mexican goldfinch (Astragalinus psal-

tria. .mevicanus) 2222-2 ees
House finch (Carpodacus megicanus

frontalis) Losscu J) eS eee eee
Purple finch (Carpodacus purpureus) —
Canary (Serinus canarius)—~--------~-
Green singing finch (Serinus icterus)_—
Slate-colored junco (Junco hyemalis)—
Tree sparrow (Spizella monticola) __--
White-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia

albicollis )
Song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) —-~
San Diego song sparrow (Melospiza

melodia cooperi) ——~-~--2 sae
Fox sparrow (Passerella iliaca)----__
California towhee (Pipilo crissalis) —-
Saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola)_. .--~
Seed-eater (Sporophila gutturalis) —__
Nonpareil (Passerina ciris) ~---------
Blue grosbeak (@uiraca cerulea) ~---~

(Steganopleura gut-

REPTILES.

Spectacled cayman (Caiman sclerops) —
Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) ~~~
Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) -
Giant zonure (Zonurus giganteus) --~
Rock python (Python molurus) --_---~
Regal python (Python reticulatus) —__
Anaconda (Hunectes murinus)—------
Boa constrictor (Oonstrictor con-

strictor)
Blacksnake (Coluber constrictor) -----
Chicken snake (Hlaphe quadrivittata) —
Gopher snake (Drymarchon corais

couperi)
Garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) --
Moccasin (Agkistrodon piscivorus) —--
Copperhead (Agkistrodon mokasen) _-

Western diamond rattler (Crotalus
GET OD), ey Pee eee Ne aera
Banded rattlesnake (Crotalus horri-
FE/H) gph i SS Ra Ss Ao a Fa sp ne

Ground rattler (Sistrurus miliarius) —-
Snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) —
Rossignon’s snapping turtle (Chelydra

rossignonii)

1

aN
m bo 0 NRPN DDR

moo to

i

Lo > mt pe

Wood turtle (Olemmys insculpta) -____
Amazon terrapin (Podocnemis ea-

South American mud turtle (Kinas-
ternon scorpioides) ~~2-_ seas
South American terrapin (Nicoria
pinctularnia) = 2 ee eee
Painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) —-_-_-
Cooter (Pseudemys scripta)-_-------
Central American cooter (Pseudemys
ornate) ne
Box-tortoise (Terrapene carolina) ___~
Gopher _ tortoise (Gopherus poly-
phemusy 2
Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) -_
Duncan Island tortoise (Testudo ephip-
pium)
Indefatigable Island tortoise (Testudo
DONEC ET) ee eee = eee
Albemarle Island tortoise (Testudo
icin) 2 ee Se eee
South American tortoise (Testudo den-
Heuletay ee eee ee

Rote Pe i) or)

+]

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.

STATEMENT OF THE COLLECTION.

Accessions during the year.

101

La Birds. | Reptiles.| Total.
TEV TeSTeTANN SET SAARI AGERE ae Nes AR Eh ceeH PORUPE SUU ORL 46 131 40 217
Born and hatched in National Zoological Park............-.... 58 64 28 150
Mecenvedumexchange 222. es. NL La i ne 8 19 166 8 193
TEVA GTa\6|s AAE AE Ae eas 2 a SE ae BO Ae 2 a 5 SOAs sbik 2 44
Transferred from other Government departments. ............. 10 14 18 42
(CHEE METERED 4 5 he LS Ai lg A ND Ca oh UA Tse AAS A EN 1
WEpOSited ssa eee oh Ua IS AEN cee AS VIL COED LESAN, 3 5 if 9
PRO LAU eRe eaten cie aa icres casas ats eo em aie eke eon 142 419 95 656
“SUMMARY.
ANDI D SS Opa Lange aN SA Fs a a UES 9a a a SN Ty URI leo dl 1, 545
ACCESSIONS during the years. YS Vas AAC RAE ERI BEG Oe To Sh 656
Mocalereyminy els. era els oss a Ae ere am eR ESE 2, 201
Deduct loss (by exchange, death, and return of animals on deposit)____ 520
Animals on hand June 30, 1922 ADS Lap hh y Gla SF ait IT Las Oho
. Ind
Class. Species. “ee.

Ni LPP SR I TAS aie ese ea ae SR AR Sag es ere el te ort a Pd a PAL, Sus 187 490
Fem Per eR Ray LO TCS Us LT. ee a Oy ee COL 262 1,069
IED TSS oe SREB a ee Meee SCRE En Tae GCS See oe eas ees Ae cereale BANU 33 122
Total June 30, 1922...... Sule Edin. sare mete tek See eh ee ae aaa o teense seats ee eee 482 1,681

The collection is now larger than ever before. The number of
species on exhibition on June 30 is 4 more, and the total number of
animals is 130 more than in any previous year.

VISITORS.

The total number of visitors to the park, for the fiscal year, as
determined by count and estimate, was 2,164,254. This is the third
year that the attendance has exceeded 2,000,000. The greatest at-
tendance in any one month was 394,703 in April, 1922, an average

-per day of 13,156.
The attendance by months was as follows:

1921. 1922.
Pid teers ttc) thes saat euiny 16%,650) January j49 Tieeia selves 451, 676
AST COTS) PEAS Res SESE Ree ee Sas 12,500), | sMebmua ry, a ee ae ee 77, 541
Sepremper yj. 0) Te TOE FOO. 4 Wi Miameln anise tale ce Se a 181, 039
CELA DLEY EY eh a se a Peas UA a kpere yr [SS HNA nt vil ee ne me woe pa 394, 703
MOVeIIper 2! 6 soe SENT N ZB SLO Vay mere ec tenets Ce ae Tae 278, 550
Mecember OU. ThA TAB Oe FOLOVO.. JUNE OS Oy TO Sy ey 180, 000

Schools, classes, and other organizations visiting the park during
the year numbered 205, with a total of 13,585 individuals.

102 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.
IMPROVEMENTS. .

The work of grading in the west central part of the park, com-
menced six years ago but discontinued during the war, was again
taken up and the major part of the leveling and filling, as originally
planned, was completed during the year. A large area of ground
is now available for comparatively level paddocks for the exhibition
of hoofed animals, and the way is opened up for decided improve-
ments in the main roadway traversing the park. Many trees re-
moved during this work were cut into logs and, during the winter,
sawed into lumber of suitable grades for regular use.

The entire western wall of the antelope house, involving the cages
and yards, long in a bad state of repair, was entirely rebuilt. The
lower part was extended out, with concrete walls and new roof.
The platform and approach to the eastern entrance were also re-
modeled. The building has been greatly improved in appearance
and the animals have been given much more satisfactory quarters.

The older bear dens near the Harvard Street entrance were thor-
oughly repaired, provided with new concrete floor, tank, and gutter,
and the ironwork painted.

Three large outdoor cages for hawks, owls, and Australian grass
paroquets were constructed; the Henderson outdoor parrot cage was
covered with new wire and painted; the inside quarters for hippo-
potamuses and tapirs repaired and enlarged; a concrete storehouse
for paints and oils was built near the machine shop; the tennis
courts were improved; repairs were made to the heating service in
the monkey and lion houses; an electric pump and motor was in-
stalled at the pelican pond so that water from the creek can be
used; and the gap in the boundary fence along the southern border
of the park was closed by a new wire fence.

At the close of the year considerable progress had been made in
a complete rebuilding of the old wolf yards and fox dens below the
sea-lion pool.

ALTERATIONS OF BOUNDARIES.

There is available for the purchase of a narrow strip of land near
the Adams Mill Road entrance, between the present park boundary
and Adams Mill Road, $4,903.66. On March 24, 1921, the atten-
tion of the Secretary of the Treasury was called to the provisions
of the sundry civil act relating to the purchase of this land. The
matter was referred to the United States attorney’s office, and, the
owners having declined to sell within the limits set by the act for
purchase by agreement, steps were taken toward the institution of
proceedings of condemnation. During the past year no further
progress has been reported.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 103
IMPORTANT NEEDS.

Restaurant.—A._ suitable restaurant building remains the most
urgent need of the park. As pointed out in previous reports the
old refreshment stand, originally constructed when the attendance
was very small, is in a bad condition and is wholly inadequate to
serve the needs of the public. Following the acquisition by the park
of a large quantity of valuable chestnut and oak timbers and lumber,
as mentioned in the report for last year, and in consideration of
the fact that much of the work of construction can now be done by
regular park employees, the estimated necessary appropriation for
such a structure as is needed has been reduced to $20,000. The old
refreshment stand at the Connecticut Avenue entrance, on land re-
cently transferred to the Government as an addition to the park,
should also be replaced by a new and more sightly booth. The in-
creased income from rental of these two concessions will well repay
for the construction of buildings adequate for the service of the
constantly increasing number of visitors.

Bird house.—Estimates for a new bird house were submitted
for several years prior to the war, but were never favorably acted
upon by Congress. The need for a new building for the exhibition
of birds is now greater than ever before. The old building was
constructed of the cheapest materials many years ago, as a tempo-
rary relief, and it is now in a very bad state of repair. It also
provides far too little space for the collection and far too little room
for visitors; on days of large attendance the public aisles are greatly
overcrowded. The collection of birds is one of great importance,
containing as it does numerous rare, interesting, and beautiful
species; and new arrangements for its care and exhibition to the
public should not much longer be delayed.

Respectfully submitted.

. N. Ho.uister,
Superintendent.
Dr. Cuartes D. Watcort,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 7.
REPORT ON THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY.

Str: The Astrophysical Observatory was conducted under the fol-
lowing passage of the sundry civil act; approved March 4, 1921:

Astrophysical Observatory: For maintenance of the Astrophysical Observa-
tory, under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, including assistants,
purchase of necessary books and periodicals, apparatus, making necessary
observations in high altitudes, repairs and alterations of buildings, and mis-
cellaneous expenses, $15,500.

The observatory occupies a number of frame structures within an:
inclosure of about 16,000 square feet south of the Smithsonian ad-
ministration building at Washington, and also a cement observing
station and frame cottage for observers on a plot of 10,000 square
feet leased from the Carnegie Solar Observatory on Mount Wilson,
Calif.

A new solar observing station on Mount Harqua Hala, Ariz., was:
erected in July, 1920, at the expense of funds donated for the pur-
pose by Mr. John A. Roebling, of Bernardsville, N. J., and this:
station has been occupied as a solar radiation observing station by the:
Astrophysical Observatory since October, 1920.

The present value of the buildings and equipment for the Astro-
physical Observatory, owned by the Government, is estimated at
$50,000. This estimate contemplates the cost required to replace
the outfit for the purposes of the investigation.

WORK OF THE YEAR.

At Washington.—The director, with Mr. Fowle and Mrs. Bond,
was engaged much of the year on the preparation and proof reading
of Volume IV of the Annals of the Observatory. This quarto
volume of 390 pages, including 60 illustrations and 118 pages of
numerical tables, covers the work of the years 1912 to 1920, and
was published in June, 1922. New apparatus and methods of ob-
serving are described and illustrated, and a large mass of solar
observations is presented and discussed. Evidence is given of many
kinds which indicates the solar variability. Reference is made to:
applications of the results which have been made by several me-
teorologists.

In preparation for work proposed for the expedition to Mount
Wilson in the summer of 1922, Mr. Aldrich, in consultation with

104

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 105

the director, prepared the sensitive parts of a galvanometer and
a vacuum bolometer of usual types for solar work, and also of a
vacuum galvanometer and vacuum bolometer of very unusual design
suited to observing the energy distribution in the spectra of the
stars. These extremely delicate and sensitive instruments required
extraordinary skill and patience for their construction and testing.
Acknowledgments are due the Director of the Bureau of Standards,
the Director of the Nela Research Laboratory, and also Dr. Elihu
Thomson, of Lynn, for aiding these preparations.

The instrument making for these new pieces and others required
in the expedition to Mount Wilson, including a special spectrometer,
plate carrier, and other apparatus, was done by the instrument
maker, Mr. A. Kramer.

A great many of the “ solar constant ” observations made at Mount
Harqua Hala, Ariz., were reduced by Mr. Fowle and Mrs. Bond in
consultation with the director. Despite our long experience in
solar-radiation work, new problems and difficulties still crop up.
The publication of the Mount Harqua Hala results has hitherto been
withheld so that a comprehensive discussion of them might be made
to reveal and correct any systematic errors.

Expedition to Chile—It became necessary for the director to un-
dertake a visit toChile to inspect the observing station at Monte-
zuma maintained by the Hodgkins fund for the study of the solar
variations, in cooperation with the stations in California and Ari-
zona. Leaving Washington near the end of October, 1921, he spent
the month, November 15 to December 15, at the station and returned
to Washington early in January, 1922. During the month at Mon-
tezuma he revised all the adjustments of apparatus and some of the
methods employed there, besides assisting in the daily observations
and reductions on 26 days. Silver disk pyrheliometer S. I. No. 5,
loaned by the Department of Agriculture for the purpose, was com-
pared with instruments at Montezuma, and before and afterwards
with instruments at Washington. No change in the scale of pyr-
heliometry was disclosed by these comparisons.

Eapedition to Mount Wilson.—tIn June an expedition, including
the director and Mr. L. B. Aldrich, went out to Mount Wilson.
Four objects were in view. First, to inspect the station at Mount
Harqua Hala and compare pyrheliometers there with silver disk
pyrheliometer S. I. No. 5, above mentioned, so as to connect the
fundamental scales of pyrheliometry in Arizona and Chile. Second,
to repeat with all possible precautions and variations of method the
determination of the form of the solar spectrum energy curve out-
side the atmosphere. Third, to undertake preliminary measurements
of the distribution of energy in the spectra of the brighter stars.

106 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

Fourth, to try further experiments with the collection and storage
of solar heat for cooking purposes. “

The station on Mount Harqua Hala was visited by the director
and found in a highly improved condition owing to the zeal of Mr.
Moore, in charge there. The laboratory has been sheathed outside
with metal to protect the adobe walls from rain, and painted and
embellished within, lightning rods have been installed, a small shop
built, wireless telephonic apparatus erected, a garage built at the
foot of the mountain trail, and regular weekly mail and supply
trips arranged. Solar-constant observations have been made on
upward of 70 per cent of the days of the year, and much computing
and testing attended to. Comparisons made during and after the
director’s visit show no change in the scale of pyrheliometry, so
that as far as this is concerned the results at Harqua Hala are com-
parable with those at Montezuma. But from lack of sensitiveness
of the galvanometer the energy curves show less detail at Harqua
Hala, and this it was decided must be corrected as early as possible
to put the two stations on parallel footings.

In conversation with Mr. Moore, the director devised a new im-
provement of the “short method” which, it was agreed, would pro-
mote accuracy while greatly abridging computation. This will be
introduced at both stations as soon as the new determination of the
form of the solar energy curve outside the atmosphere is worked out.

At Mount Wilson, the time before the end of the fiscal year, June
30, only sufficed for a partial installation of new “solar constant”
apparatus replacing that which in 1920 was removed to Harqua
Hala. But it may be said by anticipation that later results were
secured on the distribution of energy in the spectra of 11 of the
brighter stars by bolometric work in connection with the 100-inch
telescope, and also that the solar energy curve was traced bolo-
metrically with both glass and rock-salt prisms. With the latter,
experiments were made at wave lengths from far down in the ultra-
violet to an infra-red wave length of 14 microns, with allowance for
stray light and for atmospheric and instrumental transmission.

Unfortunately the cover of the oil reservoir of the solar cooking
apparatus had been blown off in a very high wind, and snow havy-
ing gotten in, much water had leaked into the oil reservoir. After
a long time of fruitlessly attempting to boil out this water, the oil
and water were at length removed, but not in time to undertake the
proposed new experiments before the return of the expedition to
Washington in September.

OPINIONS OF THE SOLAR RADIATION WORK.

As the Institution is making great efforts to continue and to im-
prove its solar-radiation measurements, the director felt concerned.
to invite the opinions of competent critics, in order to know if these

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 107

labors seemed quite justified by their probable outcome. Accord-
ingly, in a report to the American representatives of the Interna-
tional Astronomical Union he wrote as follows:

It is the intention of the Smithsonian Institution to continue daily observa-
tions at Mount Harqua Hala and Montezuma certainly until July, 1923, at
which time it is proposed to consider the state of the work and the results
reached with a view to deciding whether it is worth while to continue daily
observations of the variability of the sun indefinitely or whether the useful-
ness of that work is unequal to the trouble and expense involved.

An expression of opinion on the part of those interested in the subject would
be of great value to the Smithsonian Institution in making this decision.

In their meeting at Washington, April 3 and 4, 1922, the assembled
American representatives, including meteorologists, physicists, and
astronomers, passed unanimously, after earnest supporting speeches,
the following resolution :

Solar radiation.—Moved: That it is the sense of the American section of
the International Astronomical Union that the continuation of the solar-
radiation work under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution in at least
two stations is highly desirable, both from an astronomical and a meteorological
point of view. Adopted.

Later, in the Congress at Rome, May 2, 1922, the international
representatives indorsed this opinion with equal unanimity and
earnestness, passing the following resolution:

The section of meteorology of the International Geodetic and Geophysical
Union records its appreciation of the excellent work done by the Astrophysical
Observatory of the Smithsonian Institution of Washington in determining with
a high degree of accuracy the intensity of solar radiation outside the earth’s
atmosphere. It is of the opinion that the daily values now being obtained
at Mount Montezuma, Chile, and Mount Harqua Hala, Ariz., will prove of
great value in the solution of certain meteorological problems. It therefore

expresses the hope that these determinations may be continued for a consider-
able period of years.

PROPOSED SOLAR RADIATION STATIONS.

In view of these impartial expert opinions, it is a pleasure to add
. that Mr. John A. Roebling has made it possible to assure the con-
tinuation of the solar-constant stations at Harqua Hala and Monte-
zuma until July, 1925. By that time sufficient data will doubtless
be secured to prove whether they ought to be continued longer.

A movement is being made in Australia, led by Rev. E. F. Pigot,
of Riverview College, to provide a solar-constant observing station
similar to those maintained by the Smithsonian Institution. Funds
have been raised there, and a portion of the apparatus has been
purchased from the Institution. Also the Meteorological Service
of Argentina is proposing to equip its station at La Quiaca for
similar observations, in order the more directly to support the regu-
lar weekly long-range forecasts which it bases on solar radiation

108 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

results. In order to aid these enterprises, the director has designed
a full set of solar-constant apparatus, and it is expected that within
the next fiscal year two sets will be prepared by contract for the
Australian and Argentine stations.

PERSONNEL.

Mr. A. F. Moore, field director at Mount Harqua Hala, was added
to the staff of the Astrophysical Observatory on July 1, 1921.

SUMMARY.

The outstanding event of the fiscal year was the publication in
June, 1922, of Volume IV of the Annals of the Astrophysical Obsery-
atory, covering results from 1912 to 1920. New apparatus and
methods are described, a critical survey of the work is given, and
long tabular summaries of all solar observations made are included.
From these results it is indicated in numerous ways that the sun’s
output of radiation varies, that the march of its variations depends
on the sun’s rotation, and that it produces effects of several kinds
on terrestrial physics and meteorology. Much progress has been
made at the new station on Mount Harqua Hala. Solar-constant
observations were made there on over 70 per cent of the days, but
are withheld from publication until completely discussed for evi-
dences as to systematic errors. Expeditions were made to Chile and
to Mount Wilson. .

Respectfully submitted.

~ C. G. Axsor,
Director.
Dr. Cuartes D. Watcort,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 8.

REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF
SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the opera-
tions of the United States Bureau of the International Catalogue of
Scientifte Literature for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922.

Although the financial conditions of this enterprise were, in com-
mon with all other international interests, practically crippled in
the beginning of the war, almost all of the regional bureaus have
continued to collect and prepare for future publication this index
of the world’s scientific literature. The activities of this regional
bureau have been continued as usual and the data relating to
American scientific literature is regularly being prepared ready to
forward to the London Central Bureau whenever it is found pos-
sible to resume publication.

An international convention is to be held in Brussels beginning
July 22, 1922, to determine the future of the catalogue, and the
Smithsonian Institution has prepared and will submit to the dele-
gates then present the following statement of its position:

PROPOSALS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION REGARDING THE INTERNATIONAL
CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE.

It is the belief of the Smithsonian Institution :

1. That a classified subject and author index to the literature of science is
needed.

2. That no better means exists of attaining the end sought than by carrying
out the original plan of the International Catalogue based on international
cooperation guided by uniform rules and schedules modified to meet changes
in the several sciences and, when possible, broadened in scope to include the
allied technical branches of these sciences.

8. That every effort should be made to cooperate with all similar enter-
prises, including abstracting agencies, existing or projected, not only to
prevent duplication of labor but also to better serve the demands of those in
need of bibliographic aid.

4, That on account of abnormal conditions still controlling publishing costs
and monetary exchange it is probable that actual publication can not be
at present resumed unless financial aid is had from some source outside the
present organization; however, it is believed :

5. That the international organization should be kept in being through
mutual agreement to continue the work of the regional bureaus until such
time as it may be economically possible to resume publication. When that

16984—22

8 108

110 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922,

. time arrives the stock of complete sets already published should be advertised
for sale at a price within the reach of the smaller libraries and institutions,
many of whom, although desiring this unique reference work, were prevented
from subscribing on account of the high original cost.

Were the price reduced even to one-fourth of the original, stock on hand
at that figure represents a sufficient sum to meet all outstanding obligations
and leave a surplus for working capital.

The intention in preparing this statement was to take into con-
sideration all existing conditions, and it is believed that if the
suggestions are indorsed by the convention, the organization may be
kept in being through the continued activities of the various re-
gional bureaus and that when international conditions become more
stable the central bureau will be able to meet its financial obligations
and resume publication.

When in 1896, 1898, and 1900, the representatives of practically
all the civilized atten: and ae scientific institutions met in
London to consider and formulate organic rules making possible
cooperation between all nations recording scientific investigations,
it was their intention not only to produce a catalogue and index of
published records as an aid to investigators and _ bibliographers,
but also to establish international cooperation to aid in developing
and making available to all those in any way concerned in scientific
matters the world’s output of scientific records. The material for
the 17 annual volumes of the International Catalogue of Scientific
Literature issued for the years 1901 to 1914, inclusive, was col-
lected by some 33 regional bureaus and published by the central
bureau in London. This unique international cooperative organiza-
tion, in the main, still exists and although actual publication has, for
financial reasons, been suspended pending a more nearly normal con-
dition in international finance and politics, the work of collecting
and preparing for publication the records of scientific research is
still going on. It would now seem advisable to consider how, until
the catalogue can be again published, these records may be made
available and to plan for the future improvement and extension of
the catalogue service.

The principal methods of furnishing information of the published
records of scientific investigations are: Card indexes and periodical.
bibliographies; abstract journals; year books, cumulative cata-
logues, and indexes.

To prepare any of these, a complete list of journals is needed
but unfortunately no such complete current list now exists. One
of the first needs of the catalogue organization, when publication is
resumed, will be to bring its own list of journals up to date, the
last supplement to the original list having been published in 1904,
making the total number of journals listed at that time, 5,627. Since

“REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. EE

there is, aside from its use in connection with the catalogue, a decided
need and demand for such a list, this bureau is considering the
advisability of undertaking the preparation of a revised list of
journals, and of soliciting to that end the cooperation of the existing
regional bureaus, who would be requested, through the central
bureau, to furnish lists of the periodicals published in their several
regions.

It is thought that when this material is collected arrangements
for publication may be made without cost to the cataloque organiza-
tion and even that, through such a published list, some financial
benefit to the International Catalogue may be derived, but failing
in this the labor involved would be justified on account of the need
for the current list by the catalogue organization as soon as publica-
tion is resumed.

In whatever form bibliographic aid is furnished the method of
preparation is the same. In all cases the original publications must
be first collected whether they are to be catalogued, indexed, classi-
fied, or abstracted, and regular and systematic means must exist to
gather all publications, not only periodicals but also single issues.
The regional bureaus collectively have advantages in this respect
never before available to bibliographers and practically all of the
world’s scientific literature is through them available. As the
catalogue organization was at the London conference of 1920 di-
rected to cooperate with abstracting journals and other similar
agencies, it is felt that, although the organization has been disap-
pointed in not yet being able to resume publication, it would be
justified in extending its aid to other publishing agencies by fur-
nishing citations to scientific publications being catalogued by the
regional bureaus. In return for such aid the catalogue would be
benefited by having available abstracts prepared by experts, thus
simplifying the work of classification. A final ideal combined
organization would, through international cooperation, produce all
bibliographic publications of whatever type, and it is felt that when
close cooperation is once established between all agencies having
kindred aims it will prove essential for their mutual benefit to
merge these enterprises into one organization. This plan should aim
to eventually include not only the literature of science but also that
of related technical industries whose existence and advance depend
on the progress made in pure science.

It is realized that to carry out these plans a very extensive organi-
zation would be necessary, but when the many great interests in-
volved and their evident unfilled needs are taken into consideration
it becomes apparent that some definite effort should be made to

112 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

consolidate the numerous independent agencies to the end that all
may be benefited. By combined effort much duplication of labor
and cost would be saved, and most important of all, bibliographers,
students, and industrial agencies would be furnished with prompt
and authoritative information regarding the literature of the sub-
jects relating to their several interests.

Very respectfully yours,

Leonarp C, GuUNNELL,
Assistant in Charge.
Dr. Cuartes D. Watcort,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 9.
REPORT ON THE LIBRARY.

Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activ-
ities of the library of the Smithsonian Institution for the fiscal
year ended June 30, 1922.

Possessing more than a million volumes, pamphlets, manuscripts,
and charts, acquired chiefly in exchange, the library has continued
its steady, ever-increasing growth. There are now, according to the
records, 888,128 publications deposited at the Library of Congress
and 156,275 belonging to the United States National Museum. Books
' belonging to other branches of the Institution have been estimated at
35,000.

Its volumes are being constantly borrowed and consulted within
the buildings. Interlibrary loans to accredited libraries, where
distance permits, are being continued, and in a number of instances
arrangements have been made for the photostating of pages from
rare volumes not permitted to leave the buildings.

Each day typewritten lists of original scientific articles appearing
in periodicals received for the Smithsonian deposit in the Library
of Congress are prepared and sent to heads of scientific bureaus
under the Institution for their information and for circulation.
These daily bibliographical lists, begun last November at the re-
quest of the secretary, Dr. Charles D. Walcott, have been well re-
ceived from the start. Requests from other Government bureaus
and research organizations have been made for copies, which it has
not been possible to supply.

The facilities of the library have been taxed to the utmost since
the beginning of the war for information on various technical sub-
jects. Especially has this been so in connection with aeronautics.
In this one subject alone it is safe to say that the Institution, as
one of the sources, has been the means of saving the United States
Government many thousands of dollars which would have had to
be paid if the information relating to the prior art had not been
analyzed and available.

SMITHSONIAN MAIN LIBRARY.

As most noteworthy among the accessions of the main library
might be mentioned copies of the Gottingische Gelehrte Anzeigen
for 1758, 1760, 1808, 18138, and 1814, the gift of the Gesellschaft fiir

113

114 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922. /

Wissenschaften zu Géttingen, and the Transactions of the Royal
Dublin Society for 1803 to 1810, the gift of that society.

Material published in oriental languages, while it is not yet
received in large quantities as compared with European publica-
tions, is continuing to increase, and it is hoped that in the future
the Institution may have in the collections at the Library of Con-
gress the most representative collection of this material that can
be brought together in this country. The furnishing of English
transliterations by the donors, as is done by the NER Na-
tional Library, Bangkok, is of great assistance.

In order that Caeaee eed for the lhbrary may be made
available to the public at the earliest possible moment, publica-
tions have been transmitted daily, as in years past, to the Smith-
sonian deposit in the Library of Congress. The number of publi-
cations so transmitted during the year was 8,907, consisting of 7,502
complete volumes, 800 parts of volumes, 3/6 pamphlets, and 229 .
charts. The accession numbers extended from 537,230 to 539,988.
The number of publications transmitted without being entered or
accessioned, including Government documents, was 7,213.

Cataloguing —While the record for volumes catalogued has again
been surpassed, it has not been possible during the year to cata-
logue the remainder of the large accumulation of theses sent during
the war from European universities. Following are the year’s
records:

Volumes catalocued), —22- 28 eee 6, 502
Volumes. recatalogued) 52-2" 220) Se ee 55
(GeITte nea CeLOSUCU se eee eee ee ee eee 160
Gatds' typewritten!) 4 28) ee SS ee 4, 243
Library of Congress; cards filed_--+~--a:4i-0 3-2 betas Se 592
New, ditles add eyes hn a ee J 3444 ol 3 eee 1, 614

Exchanges—The securing of publications in exchange for the
completion of sets in the library has been continued, with the fol-
lowing results:

Wanted. Secured.

Volumes.| Parts. | Volumes.| Parts.

Library of Congress:

Smithsonian! divisions... $5257.22 s 2 - ao = ttle = we oe = 1,620 1, 184 520 584
Periodical division). e252 oe see ab eee eRe ere =o 35 129 il 28
Order divisions gt. .c cc ee see cee ete oe eee Sie Seen 30) ccaecemnce 38 1
United States National Museum....-.......---.2------+-:++ 81 83 25 40

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 115

OFFICE LIBRARY.

The growth and increasing value of the office library is perhaps
not fully realized. The total number of its accessions as reached
this year now numbers 27,100, of which 394 volumes were added
during the year. It consists of the following collections: Aero-
nautical, art room, De Peyster, deposited collections, employees’
library, periodicals (back numbers), reading room, reference room.

The aeronautical collection, founded by Samuel Pierpont Langley
while Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, has been since
augmented by gifts from Alexander Graham Bell, James Means,
Charles D. Walcott, the Aero Club of America, and other indi-
viduals and organizations that have had an important part in the
development of aeronautics during its pioneer stage. During the
present year some 45 volumes were added from the estate of James
Means, by gift of his sons Dr. James H. Means and Philip Ains-
worth Means.

By the transfer of the employees’ library to the east stacks in
the main hall of the Smithsonian building, it has been rendered more
readily accessible to employees, and additional space for its ex-
pansion has been provided. The collection of back numbers of
periodicals has been moved to the west stacks.

While the office library is primarily a reference library and books
are more often consulted than borrowed, many of the volumes are
available for loan purposes, and many employees of the Institution
avail themselves of its privileges. The total number of loans for
the year was 3,330.

ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY LIBRARY.

Loans from the Astrophysical Observatory Library are made
through the office library, and are included in the records of loans
from that library. During the year 79 volumes, 26 parts, and 40
pamphlets were added, and 53 volumes sent to the bindery. The
library is primarily a reference library for the use of the staff of
the Astrophysical Observatory.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY LIBRARY.

The report of operations of the library of the Bureau of Ethnology
will be found in the report of the chief of that bureau. It is admin-
istered directly under his care.

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM LIBRARY.

The facilities of the Museum Library have been taxed as never
before. The number of books loaned was 10,886, and as many more
were consulted without being taken from the library.

116 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

Valuable material has been donated as in preceding years by
friends and members of the staff of the United States National
Museum. Among the donors are Messrs. H. S. Barber, August
Busck, Austin H. Clark, W. H. Dall, H. G. Dyar, O. P. Hay, Walter
Hough, W. R. Maxon, E. G. Mitchell, C. W. Richmond, J. H. Riley,
S. A. Rohwer, W. S. Schaus, B. H. Swales, and Dr. and Mrs. Charles
D. Walcott. Especially noteworthy are the gifts of Doctor Walcott
to the geological and paleontological collections, and the gifts of
Dr. William H. Dall to the section of the division of mollusks, num-
bering 233 titles.

Many of these collections have been received and they have an inti-
mate relation to the library in that the donors were connected with
the Museum and brought the collection together during the progress
of their researches. The list of donors in the foregoing paragraph
will give some idea of the number of collections of this kind that
have been added. Special attention should be called to the Iddings
and Walcott collections, given during the previous year. These
required assorting, arranging, and checking with other publications
of the same kind on the shelves, in order to prevent duplication, for
which there is not enough room at the present time.

SECTIONAL LIBRARIES.

Tn order that the volumes and publications of the Museum Library
may be readily accessible to the members of the administrative
and scientific staff of the Museum, 35 sectional libraries are main-
tained, namely:

Administration. Minerals.
Administrative assistant’s office. Mineral technology.
American archeology. Mollusks.
Anthropology. Old-world archeology.
Birds. Paleobotany.

Botany. Photography.

Editor’s office. Physical anthropology.
Fishes. Property clerk’s office.
Foods. Registrar’s office.
Geology. Rept'les and batrachians.
Graphic arts. Superintendent’s office.
History. Taxidermy.

Invertebrate paleontology.

Mammals.

Marine invertebrates.
Medicine.

Mechanical technology.

Textiles.

Vertebrate paleontology.
War library.

Wood technology.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 117

The following statistics have been submitted by Mr. N. P. Scud-
der, in charge of the library:

Books in the Museum Library:

Moles) 22 sane waii pene lh EE ESE IEE aes ot ee Ce 2 60, 681
Fez ANETEN YO EU fi, Sp eet Me ESI Ue Us IG a RN ele) Oe 95, 594
(TOU afar age aa Ne eh pe Ne Shel 156, 275.

Increase :

Volumes __ ERO Yr, EY UE OOO NY AON i CRG CLE get LN OY 8 2, 023

PRES ARTO NES Tne eee eh ng A SUT US a a ais ee Uk roa MPs EO) 4,185

Total Uae Pe RR eS US UIE ZO EU OA De 6, 208

Periodicals:

EYOTA Sw eM LEI e Ge nae ee SMa id Be A TA 2 OEIC ENS Ba oP 13, 827

SCHOMGRIGGS: Shih 82 8 aN hea eie Ory et pUpe MEALS EA BON bed pe ee WU 2,714

Entry cards for new periodicals_____-_--§_-____ pl a eed, 201:
Cataloguing (not including periodicals) :

ISOOKS pees orem inn Eth Al LPs ul ene Le aia ARTIS A A as tS EC 860

JESU op OWL SS aS i aca le ec dicta SUNG ee AA Mel plats las ea ha 4,178

Cards jhype whi bien! oa ate ne Pil sgh as AADA OS E 6, 183
PXCCOSSTOMMCATRO Stars Wises Ne te ul eB ae eA 5, 214
SCCHOM MCA OSs sswer ok ee BATU me Ee RAR Th NEP: in ak Mica ho 3, 655
Books bound ES are ee SIND ALE ele a MN Se aga dL cc NL ile toy cake 398
Loans (of which 7,012 went to the sections) ____ PERF cgiee | OMe 5a 8 5 EASE 10, 886
Library of Congress books borrowed___________-________ 1, 583
Library of Congress books returned Sand eet Aye ee eM DG ERLY al 1, 886
Borrowed pirom other librariese. 22) 80.0 Soe igh oo Ty Jo 106
Returned to other libraries____________ AUS RE ROOTED 132

The general library of the Museum is located in the Natural
History Building. In order’ that reference facilities may be readily
available to divisions of the Museum located in other buildings, the
technological library is maintained in the Arts and Industries Build-
ing, and the office library in the Smithsonian Building is at the dis-
posal of Museum divisions located there.

TECHNOLOGICAL LIBRARY.

The technological library, located in the old Museum Building, is
continuing the reorganization and rearrangement of its material.
The number of loans made during the fiscal year ended was 220.
Statistics of the scientific depository catalogue are not at present
available, owing to repairs and remodeling now in progress in the
library’s quarters.

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY.

Records of the library of the National Gallery of Art are at pres-
ent kept in the Natural History Library of the Museum, and period-
icals entered upon the records and included in periodical statistics
of that library. Accessions for the fiscal year, exclusive of period-
icals, covered 32 volumes and 36 pamphlets.

118 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.
FREER GALLERY OF ART LIBRARY. -

Additions to the library of the Freer Gallery of Art during the
year numbered 14 volumes. The number of volumes now in the
library, exclusive of deposited books, is 127. A number of volumes
relating to art have been deposited by the Smithsonian Institution
in the Freer Building for use in connection with the collections,
among them the set of Serindia, by Sir Aurel Stein, comprising five
large quarto volumes with plates in color, presented by the Secre-
tary of State for India.

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK LIBRARY.

Since the establishment of a library at the National Zoological
Park in 1905, there have been 378 accessions. The number during
the fiscal year ended was 15, comprising reports of kindred zoological
gardens and parks, and leading zoological works issued during the
year.

SUMMARY OF ACCESSIONS.

The accessions for the year, including parts to complete sets, with
the exception of additions to the library of the Bureau of American
Ethnology, may be summarized as follows:

Other

Branch. Volumes.| publica- | Total.
tions.

Astrophysical Observatory 32ers... 4. TED. 2b. AMS 79 66 145
Ereer Gallery,of Arts coe was etadyes hs saergsdarnds destge <b bib leeigg ga Ids | os stack. 14
NationaliGallaryiet Arts 2o 6. sak Be sion tices diss oe Cab eee encase seas 32 36 68 |
INaionaimeoluricnl Parks 32020 ue deems tee cine’ = Seen aeieghan +s TSE ee aa 15 ese epee 15
Smithsonian deposit, Library of Congress.......-.-...-...-.-2--2+-+-+--- 7, 502 1,405 8, 907
Smithsonian office..........---..-.- eepsaaiasete egeet (edb see creer 394 45 439
United States National Museum)... -.. 52.4.5 sspigeage co emansee bse ge- se 2, 023 4,185 6, 208

Dotaltc/ se seen see So esis Ake heen a kk eee ASe eee eee Oe ee oe 10, 059 5, 737 15,796

Respectfully submitted.
Pau Brocxert,
Assistant Librarian.
Dr. Cuaries D. Watcorr,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

APPENDIX 10.
REPORT ON THE PUBLICATIONS.

Str: I have the honor to submit the following report on the pub-
lications of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches during the
year ending June 30, 1922:

The Institution proper published during the year 9 papers in
the series of Miscellaneous Collections, 2 annual reports and pamph-
let copies of 55 articles in the appendixes to the reports, a reprint
of the Smithsonian Physical Tables, and 5 special publications.
The Bureau of American Ethnology published 3 bulletins and 2
annual reports. The United States National Museum issued 1
annual report, 3 volumes of proceedings, 72 separates from the pro-
ceedings, 5 bulletins, 2 separate parts of bulletins, and 4 parts of
volumes in the series Contributions from the United States National
Herbarium.

The total number of publications distributed by the Smithsonian
and its branches was 165,196, which includes 251 volumes and sep-
arates of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 20,777 vol-
umes and separates of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections,
27,263 volumes and separates of the Smithsonian annual reports,
97,806 volumes and separates of the National Museum publications,
14,215 publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 3,159
special publications, 706 volumes of the Annals of the Astrophysical
Observatory, 64 reports on the Harriman Alaska expedition, 812
reports of the American Historical Association, and 143 publica-
tions presented to but not issued by the Smithsonian Institution.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.

Of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 67, 1 paper
was issued; volume 72, 7 papers; volume 73, 1 paper; in all, 9 papers
as follows:

VOLUME 67.

No. 7. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology. IV, No. 7. Notes on Structure
of Neolenus. By Charles D. Walcott. December 20, 1921. Pp. 365-456, pls.
91-105. (Publ. 2584.)

VOLUME 72.
No. 8. A Review of the Interrelationships of the Cetacea. By Herluf Winge.

July 30, 1921. 97 pp. (Publ. 2650.)

No. 10. The Circulatory System in Bone. By J. 8. Foote. August 20, 1921.

20 pp., 6 pls. (Publ. 2652.)

119

120 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

No. 11. The Echinoderms as Aberrant Arthropods. By Austin H. Clark. July
20, 1921. 20 pp., 24 figs. (Publ. 2658.)

No. 12. A Study of the Body Temperature of Birds. By Alexander Wetmore.
December 30, 1921. 52 pp. (Publ. 2658.)

No. 13. The Melikeron, an Approximately Black-Body Pyranometer. By L. B.
Aldrich. January 25, 1922. 11 pp., 5 figs. (Publ. 2662.)

No. 14. A New Sauropod Dinosaur from Ojo Alamo Formation of New Mexico.
By Charles W. Gilmore. January 31, 1922. 9 pp., 2 pls. (Publ. 26638.)
No. 15. Explorations and Field Work of the Smithsonian Institution in 1921.

May 26, 1922. 128 pp., 132 figs. (Publ. 2669.)

* VOLUME 73.

No. 1. Opinions Rendered py the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature. Opinions 68 to 77. January 31, 1922. 73 pp. (Publ. 2657.)

SMITHSONIAN ANNUAL REPORTS.

REPORT FOR 1919.

~The complete volume of the Annual Report of the Board of
Regents for 1919, together with the pamphlet copies of the papers
in the general appendix, was received from the printer during the
year.

Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution,
showing operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the
year ending June 30, 1919. xii+557 pp., 185 pls., 24 text figs. (Publ.
2590. )

The appendix contained the following papers:

Modern theories of the spiral nebule, by Heber D. Curtis.

A determination of the deflection of light by the sun’s gravitational field, from
observations made at the total eclipse of May 29, 1919, by Sir F. W. Dyson,
A. §. Eddington, and C. Davidson.

Wireless telephony, by N. H. Slaughter.

Radium and the electron, by Sir Ernest Rutherford.

The “ HD-4.” A 70-miler with remarkable possibilities developed at Dr. Gra-
ham Bell’s laboratories on the Bras d’Or Lakes, by William Washburn
Nutting. bya

Natural resources in their relation to military supplies, by Arthur D. Little.

Glass and some of its problems, by Sir Herbert Jackson.

The functions and ideals of a national geological survey, by F. L. Ransome,

The influence of cold in stimulating the growth of plants, by Frederick Y.
Coville.

Floral aspects of British Guinea, by A. S. Hitchcock.

Milpa agriculture, a primitive tropical system, by O. F. Cook.

On the extinction of the mammoth, by H. Neuville.

A preliminary study of the relation between geographical distribution and
migration, with special reference to the Palaearctic region, by R. Meinertz-
hagen.

The necessity of State action for the protection of wild birds, by Walter E.
Collinge.

Glimpses of desert bird life in the Great Basin, by Harry C. Oberholser.

The Division of Insects in the United States National Museum, by J. M.
Aldrich. A

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. P94

‘The seventeen-year locust, by R. H. Snodgrass.

Entomology and the war, by L. O. Howard.

‘Two types of southwestern cliff houses, by J. Walter Fewkes.

On the race history and facial characteristics of the aboriginal Americans, by
W. H. Holmes. :

‘The opportunity for American archeological research in Palestine, by James
A. Montgomery.

The differentiation of mankind into racial types, by Arthur Keith.

"The exploration of Manchuria, by Arthur de C. Sowerby.

The origin and beginnings of the Czechoslovak people, by Jind¥ich Matiegka.

Geographic education in America, by Albert Perry Brigham.

Progress in national land reclamation in the United States, by C. A. Bissell.

Richard Rathbun, by Marcus Benjamit.

A great chemist; Sir William Ramsay, by Ch. Moureu.

REPORT FOR 1920.

The complete volume of the Annual Report of the Regents for
1920 was received from the Public Printer in May, 1922.

Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, show-
ing operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year
ending June 30, 1920. 704 pp., 230 pls., 105 text figs. (Publ. 2622.

The appendix contained the foliowing papers:

Studying the sun’s heat on mountain peaks in desert lands, by C. G. Abbot.

The habitability of Venus, Mars, and other worlds, by C. G. Abbot.

Giant suns, by H. H. Turner.

A bundle of meteorological paradoxes, by W. J. Humphreys.

The determination of the structure of crystals, by Ralph W. G. Wyckoff.

‘Dr. Aston’s experiments on the mass spectra of the chemical elements, with
introduction by C. G. Abbot.

‘Vitamins, by W. D. Halliburton.

‘Soil acidity—its nature, measurement, and relation to plant distribution, by
Edgar T. Wherry.

‘The chemistry of the earth’s crust, by Henry S. Washington.

Major causes of land and sea oscillations, by E. O. Ulrich.

‘The Bryozoa, or moss animals, by R.‘S. Bassler.

The horned dinosaurs, by Charles W. Gilmore.

‘Rhythm in nature, by F. W. Flattely.

Parasitism and symbiosis in their relation to the problem of evolution, by
Maurice Caullery.

‘Local suppression of agricultural pests by birds, by W. L. McAtee.

"The occult senses in birds, by Herbert H. Beck.

Adventures in the life of a fiddler crab, by O. W. Hyman.

‘The senses of insects, by N. E. McIndoo.

"The resplendent shield-bearer and the ribbed cocoon-maker: Two insect in-
habitants of the orchard, by R. EH. Snodgrass.

‘The origin of insect societies, by Auguste Lameere.

The botanical gardens of Jamaica, by William R. Maxon.

‘Daturas of the old world and new: An account of their narcotic properties
and their use in oracular and initiatory ceremonies, by William E. Safford.
Effect of the relative length of day and night on flowering and fruiting of

plants, by W. W. Garner and H. A. Allard.
‘Fire worship of the Hopi Indians, by J. Walter Fewkes.

122 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

Racial groups and figures in the Natural History Building of the United States
National Museum, by Walter Hough. -
Notes on the dances, music, and songs of the ancient and modern Mexicans, by

Auguste Genin.
The Ralph Cross Johnson collection in the National Gallery at Washington,
D. C., by George B. Rose.

REPORT FOR 1921.

The report of the executive committee and proceedings of the
Board of Regents of the Institution, and the report of the secretary,
both forming part of the annual report of the Board of Regents to
Congress, were issued in pamphlet form in November, 1921.

Report of the executive committee and proceedings of the Board of Regents
of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1921. 18 pp.
(Publ. 2660.)

Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ending
June 80, 1921. 119 pp. (Publ. 2659.)

The general appendix to this report, which was in press at the
close of the year, contains the following papers:

The daily influence of astronomy, by W. W. Campbell.

Cosmogony and stellar evolution, by J. H. Jeans.

The diameters of the stars, by A. Danjon.

Isotopes and atomic weights, by F. W. Aston.

Modifying our ideas of nature: The Einstein theory of relativity, by Henry
Norris Russell.

The alkali problem in irrigation, by Carl S. Scofield.

An outline of geophysical-chemical problems, by Robert B. Sosman.

The yielding of the earth’s crust, by William Bowie.

The age of the earth, by the Right Hon. Lord Rayleigh, W. J. Sollas, J. W..
Gregory, and Harold Jeffreys.

The department of geology of the U. S. National Museum, by George P. Merrill.

Some observations on the natural history of Costa Rica, by Robert Ridgway.

The historic development of the evolutionary idea, by Branislav Petronievics.

The heredity of acquired characters, by L. Cuénot. '

Breeding habits, development, and birth of the opossum, by Carl Hartman.

Some preliminary remarks on the velocity of migratory flight among birds,
with special reference to the Palaearctic region, by R. Meinertzhagen.

A botanical reconnaissance in southeastern Asia, by A. S. Hitchcock.

Ant acacias and acacia ants of Mexico and Central America, by W. E. Safford.

The fall webworm, by R. E. Snodgrass.

Collecting insects on Mount Rainier, by A. L. Melander.

The science of man: Its needs and prospects, by Karl Pearson.

Pigmentation in the old Americans, with notes on graying and loss of hair,
by AleS Hrdlitka.

Ancestor worship of the Hopi Indians, by J. Walter Fewkes.

The Indian in literature, by Herman F. C. Ten Kate.

Leopard-men in the Naga Hills, by J. H. Hutton.

A new era in Palestine exploration, by Elihu Grant.

The alimentary education of children, by Marcel Labbé.

A fifty-year sketch history of medical tah ek by L. O. Howard.

Laid and wove, by Dard Hunter.

Lead, by Carl W. Mitman.

William Crawford Gorgas, by Robert E. Noble.

a

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 123

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS.

The following special publications were issued during the year:

Catalogue of the Herbert Ward African Collection. 8 pp., 12 figs. (Publ.
SS Ae)

Classified List of Smithsonian Publications Available April 15, 1922. Com-
piled by Helen Munroe. May 1, 1922. 30 pp. (Publ. 2670.)

Title page and contents of volume 69, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.
(Publ. 2654.)

Title page and contents of volume 70, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.
(Publ. 2655.)

‘Title page and contents of volume 71, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.
(Publ. 2656.)

PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

‘The publications of the National Museum are: (a) The annual
report, (0) the Proceedings of the United States National Museum,
and (c) the Bulletin of the United States National Museum, which
includes the Contributions from the United States National Her-
barium. The editorship of these publications is vested in Dr. Mar-
cus Benjamin.

During the year ending June 30, 1922, the Museum published 1
annual report, 3 volumes of proceedings, 5 complete bulletins, 2
parts of bulletins, 4 parts of volumes in the series Contributions
from the United States National Herbarium, and 72 separates from
the proceedings.

The issues of the bulletin were as follows:

Bulletin 100, volume 4. Contributions to the Biology of the Philippine Archi-
pelago and Adjacent Regions. Volume 4: Foraminifera of the Philippine
and Adjacent Seas. By Joseph A. Cushman.

Bulletin 118. Life Histories of North American Gulls and Terns. Order
Longipennes. By Arthur Cleveland Bent.

Bulletin 114. A revision of the King Snakes: Genus Lampropeltis. By Frank
N. Blanchard.

Bulletin 118. Handbook and Descriptive Catalogue of the Collections of Gems
and Precious Stones in the United States National Museum. By George P.
Merrill, assisted by Margaret W. Moodey and Edgar T. Wherry.

Bulletin 119. Catalogue of the Mechanical Engineering Collection in the
United States National Museum. Motors, Locomotives, and Self-propelled
Vehicles. By Carl W. Mitman.

Of the separate papers of bulletins, the following were issued:

Bulletin 82. A Monograph of the Existing Crinoids. Volume 1.—The Coma-
tulids. Part 2. By Austin Hobart Clark.

Bulletin 104. The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean. Part 3. Textulariidae.
By Joseph Augustine Cushman.

Of the separate papers of the Contributions from the United States
National Herbarium, the following were issued:

Volume 20, part 11. The Identification of Berberis Aquifolium and Berberis
repens. By Charles V. Piper.

124 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1922.

Volume 20, part 12. New or Noteworthy Plants from Colombia and Central
America—8. By Henry Pittier.

Volume 22, part 6. Grasses of British Guiana. By A. S. Hitchcock.

Volume 24, part 1. New Plants from Guatemala and Honduras. By S. F
Blake.

Of the separates from the proceedings, 25 were from volume 59, 26
from volume 60, and 21 from volume 61.

PUBLICATIONS OF ,THE BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY.

The publications of the bureau are described in detail in Appendix
4 of this report. The editorial work of the bureau is under the
direction of Mr. Stanley Searles, editor.

During the past year two annual reports, the thirty-fifth and the
thirty-sixth, and three bulletins were published, as follows: d

Thirty-fifth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: Ethnology of the Kwakiutl
(Boas). Pts. 1 and 2. 1,481 pp.
Thirty-sixth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: The Osage Tribe: Rite
of the Chiefs; Saying of the Ancient Men (La Flesche). 604 pp., 23 pls.
Bulletin 73. Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors (Swan-
ton). 492 pp., 10 pls.

Bulletin 74. Excavation of a Site at Santiago Ahuitzotla, D. F. Mexico
(Tozzer). 56 pp., 19 pls.

Bulletin 75. Northern Ute Music (Densmore). 213 pp., 16 pls.

There were in press or in preparation at the close of the year
four annual reports and six bulletins, as follows:

Thirty-fourth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: A Prehistoric Island
Culture Area of America (Fewkes).

Thirty-seventh Annual Report. Accompanying paper: The Winnebago Tribe
(Radin).

Thirty-eighth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: An Introductory Study of
the Arts, Crafts, and Customs of the Guinea Indians (Roth).

Thirty-ninth Annual Report. Accompanying paper: The Osage Tribe: The
Rite of Vigil (La Flesche).

Bulletin 76. Archeological Investigations (Fowke).

Bulletin 77. Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan, and Caddoan Tribes west
of the Mississippi (Bushnell). ~

Bulletin 78. Handbook of the Indians of California (Kroeber).

Bulletin 79. Blood Revenge, War, and Victory Feasts among the Jibaro
Indians of Eastern Ecuador (Karsten).

Bulletin 80. Mandan and Hidatsa Music (Densmore).

Bulletin 81. Excavations in the Chama Valley, N. Mex. (Jeancon).

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY.

The fourth volume of-the annals of the Astrophysical Obserya-
tory, covering, the work of the observatory from 1913 to 1920, was
issued in June, 1922.

Volume IV. Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, by C. G. Abbot, F. E.
Fowle, and L. B. Aldrich. June 24, 1922. 390 pp., 2 pls. (Publ. 2661.)

a a

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 125

REPORT OF THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION.

The annual reports of the American Historical Association are
transmitted by the association to the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution, and are communicated to Congress under provisions of
the act of incorporation of the association.

The annual report for 1917 and the annual report for 1918, volumes
1 and 2, together with the supplemental volume. to this report en-
titled “ Writings on American History,” were published during the.
year.

The annual report for 1919, volumes 1 and 2, and the supple-
mental volumes to the reports for 1919 and 1920 were in press at the.
close of the year.

REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE DAUGHTERS OF THE,
AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

The manuscript of the Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the.
National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution.
was transmitted to Congress according to law on January 4, 1922.

THE SMITHSONIAN ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON PRINTING AND
PUBLICATION.

The Smithsonian advisory committee on printing and publication
passes upon all manuscripts offered for publication by the Institu-
tion or its branches and considers all forms of routine, blanks, and
such other matters as pertain to printing and publication. Eight
meetings were held during the year and 100 manuscripts were acted
upon.

Respectfully submitted.
; WP Prue,
Editor.
Dr. Cuartes D. Watcort,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.

16984—22—_9

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